[[|l!HII!i!:iHII||!l|l llllll|iimUU4W4lHJ llHIUIiillilllill RmrniHuimiHnH»iHHiuHHUHi»HHWitithuHiifmH(raiiiimmniiTFmmirmni!J[fiTriit!iTiiiii!iHtiiimfWiriii,ii.iiuia. OLIN HP I? OS V. 1 'CORNELL UNIVERSnX LIBRARIES ITHACA, N. Y. 14583 JOHN M. OtIN LIBRAR15 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR U.S. BUREAU OF THE CENSUS ,)i I v\ S. N. D. >^ORTH, DIRECTOR Cornell University Library HD9724.A4 1905 V.1 Manufactures, 1905. 3 1924 010 361 800 MANUFACTURES 1905 PART I UNITED STATES BY INDUSTRIES WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1907 mi '<^ m Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924010361800 .CONTENTS. — KfEREm copy CHAPTER I. SCOPE OF THE CENSUS. Page. The factory system xxi Industries omitted xxii Modification of rule , xxiii Exceptions xxiv Special features : xxiv Calendar year covered , xxiv Territory canvassed '. xxiv Supplemental schedules .• xxiv Temporary and regular employees xxv Oifice and field work xxv List of manufactiu-ers xxv Schedule and instructions T '. xxvi Canvass xxvi Classification of industries , xxvi Classifications of 1900 which have been changed in form or wording for 1905 ; xxvii New classifications xxvii Subsidiary products xxviii Examination of schedules xxviii Tabulation , : xxviii Changes in methods xxix Treatment of certain industries i xxix Presentation of statistics , xxix Cooperation with state statistical offices xxx Limitations of Census statistics xxxi Averages. xxxii Relation of capital to product xxxiii Comparison with prior censuses xxxiii CHAPTER II. SUMMARY OF RESULTS. Factory industries xxxv Table I. — Comparative summary, urban and rural: 1905 and 1900 xxxv Factory, neighborhood, and mechanical industries ■ xxxvi Table II. — Comparative summary of all industries — factory, mechanical, and neighborhood — with per cent of increase for each census period : 1860 to 1905 xxxvi Condensed statement xxxvii CHAPTER III. ESTABLISHMENTS AND CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. Active establishments xli Number not significant xli Omission, concentration, and removal xli Table III. — Number of establishments in thirteen industries showing decrease: 1905 and 1900 xlii Table IV. — Number of establishments in states showing decrease: 1905 and 1900 xlii Idle establishments xlii Table V. — Comparative summary — idle establishments: 1905 and 1900 xliii Table VI. — Summary of idle establishments, by states and territories: 1905 xlvi Table VII.— Summary of idle establishments, by industries: 1905 xlviii (iii) ■ , cccxl I. Immediate preparations cccxl The division of the country cccxl The distribution of the forms '. cccxl Financial preparations cccxl The organization of the staff cccxli The instruction of the staff cccxli Measures for increasing the trustworthiness of the census cccxli II. The enumeration cccxlii The unit cccxlii The method of canvassing •. cccxlii III . The revision cccxl iii By the local authorities cccxliii By the central authorities '. cccxliii France....^ cccxliv Early industrial censuses ' cccxliv The industrial census of 1896 cccxliv Origi'^ cccxliv The legislation for the census cccxlv The date : ; cccxlv The administrative authorities cccxlv I. Immediate preparation , cccxlv The division of the country : cccxlv The distribution of forms cccxlvi Organization of the staff cccxlvi Preliminary investigations cccxlvi II. The enumeration ^ cccxlvi The unit of the census cccxlvi The finding of the units " ' gg(,3^i.yji The method of canvassing rrc 1 " ' The inquiries .■ cccxiix III. The revision i . """"'"'"'"■""""'"""■•■--■----■.-...---....-.--.-...-......,.., cccxlix By the enumerators , . „•' , -- cccxlix By the communes , *' - cccl By the central office , ■' cccl CONTENTS. XV Page. Austria ccclii (a) The defects of the material cccliv (b) The use the chambers made of the trade records cccliv (c) Verification of the material by the central authority cccliv Swit zovland ccclvi Hungary ccclviii Early industrial censuses ccclviii The industrial census of 1890 ccclviii Origin ccclviii Legislation for the census _ _ ccclix The date ccclix The administrative i.uthorities ccclix I. Preparations ccclx The division of the country ccclx The distribution of the forms ccclx The organization of the staff .' ccclx Special measures to guarantee the trustworthiness of the individual canvass ccclx II. The enumeration ■ ccclxi The unit of the census ccclxi The finding of the concerns ccclxi The method of canvassing ccclxi The inquiries ccclxi III. The revision ccclxii By the enumerators ccclxii By the supervisors ccclxi; By the local authorities _ ccclxii By the central authorities. ccclxii Great Britain and Ireland _ _ _ ccclxiii A few of the shortcomings ccclxiv Census of production act, 1906 ccclxiv The investigations of the remaining countries ccclxv CHAPTER XVII. DESCRIPTION OF GENERAL TABLES. Table 1. — Comparative summary by specified industries : 1905, 1900, 1890, and 1880 ccclxvii, 3 Table 2. — Comparative summary, by states and territories; 1905 and 1900 ccclxvii, 22 Table 3. — L'nited States by specified industries and groups of industries : 1905 ccclxvii, 2G Table 4. — Manufactures, by states and territories: 1905 : ccclxvii, 68 Table 5. — Specified industries, by states and territories: 1905 ccclxvii, 74 Table 6. — Groups of industries, by states and territories: 1 905 ccclxviii, 466 Table 7. — States and territories, by groups of industries : 1905 ccclxviii, 480 Table 8. — Summary for establishments in states and territories, by character of ownership, with per cent in each class: 1905. ccclxviii, 493 Table 9. — Establishments and products, grouped by character of ownership, by specified industries and groups of industries: 1905 ; ccclxviii, 497 Table 10. — Summary for establishments in states and territories, by value of products, with per cent in each class: 1905 ccclxviii, 503 Table 11. — Establishments and products, grouped by value of products, by specified industries and groups of industries: 1905 ccclxviii, 508 Table 12. — Motive power, by states and territories: 1905 ccclxviii, 514 Table 13. — Motive power, by specified industries and groups of industries : 1905 ccclxviii, 515 Table 14. — Motive power for industries showing 50,000 horsepower and over, by states and territories: 1905 ccclxviii, 521 Table 15. — Establishments grouped according to number of wage-earners and time in operation, by states and territories : 1905 ccclxviii, 542 Table 16. — Establishments grouped according to number of wage-earners and time in operation, by specified industries and groups of industries: 1905 ccclxix, 544 Table 17. — Comparative summary for 544 municipalities having a population in 1900 of at least 8,000: 1905 and 1900 ccclxix, 556 APPENDICES. Appendix A. ^Schedules 577 Appendix B . — Instructions to special agents 627 Appendix C. — Instructions for editing and revising the schedules of manufactin-es . . _ 637 Appendix D. — Classification of industries t4o MPQ — FT 1 — 07 ii MAPS AND DIAGRAMS. MAPS. Page. Map 1. — Slaughtering and meat packing — value of products per square mile: 1905 cxxix Map 2. — Butter, cheese, and condensed milk — value of products per square mile: 1905 cxxx Map 3. — Flour and grist mill products — value per square mile: 1905- cxxxii Map 4. — Cotton goods — value of products per squara mile: 1905 cxl Map 5. — Wool manufactures — value of products per square mile: 1905 cxU Map 6. — Hosiery and knit goods — value of products per square mile: 1905 cxlii ■ Map 7. — Silk and silk goods — value of products per square mile: 1905 , cxlii Map 8. — Boots and shoes — value of products per square mile: 1905 cxlvi Map 9. — Leather, tanned, curried, and finished — value per square mile: 1905 cxlvi Map 10. — Iron and steel — value of products per square mile: 1905 cl Map 11. — Lumber and timber products — value per square mile: 1905 clix Map 12. — Paper and wood pulp — value of products per square mile: 1905 clxiv Map 13. — Clay products — value per square mile: 1905 clxxx Map 14. — Carriages and wagons — value of products per square mile: 1905 clxxxvii Map 15. — Agricultural implements — value of products per square mile: 1905 clxxxviii Map 16. — Grose value of products: 1905 cciii DIAGRAMS. Diagram 1. — Average number of wage-earners employed, by states and territories: 1905 Ixxvi Diagram 2. — Value of all manufactured products, and proportional value of each group: 1905 and 1900 cxxv Diagram 3. — Value of products for groups of industries: 1905 and 1900 cxxvi Diagram 4. — Slaughtering and meat packing — value of products by states and territories: 1905 cxxix Diagram 5. — Butter, cheese, and condensed milk — value of products by states and territories: 1905 cxxx Diagram 6. — Flour and grist mill products — value by states and territories: 1905 cxxxii Diagram 7. — Cotton goods — value of products by states: 1905 cxl Diagram 8. — ^Woolen goods, worsted goods, wool hats, and shoddy — value of products by states: 1905 cxlL Diagram 9. — Hosiery and knit goods — value of products by states: 1905 cxlii Diagram 10. — Silk and silk goods — ^value of products by states: 1905 cxlii Diagram 11. — Boots and shoes — value of products by states: 1905 cxlvi Diagram 12. — Leather, tanned, curried, and finished — value of products by states: 1905 cxlvi Diagram 13. — Iron and steel — value of products by states: 1905 cl Diagram 14. — Lumber and timber products — value by states and territories: 1905 clviii Diagram 15. — Paper and wood pulp — value of products by states: 1905 clxiii Diagram 16. — Clay products (brick and tile, pottery and terra cotta) — value by states and territories: 1905 clxxx Diagram 17. — Carriages and wagons — value of products by states and territories: 1905 clxxxvi Diagram 18. — Agricultural implements — value of products by states: 1905 clxxxvii Diagram 19. — Value of products by states and territories:. 1905 and 1900 ccj£ Diagram 20. — Capital invested, by states and territories: 1905 cciii Diagram 21. — Urban manufactures — corporate limits of Birmingham, Ala cclxiv Diagram 22. — Urban manufactures — corporate limits of. Columbus, Ohio cclxiv Diagram 23. — Urban manufactures — corporate limits of Nashville, Tenn cclxv Diagram 24. — Urban manufactures — corporate limits of Pueblo, Colo cclxv Diagram 25. — Urban manufactures — corporate limits of Richmond, Va cclxvi Diagram 26. — Urban and rural manufactures — capital, wages, and value of products: 1905 cclxviii (xvi) LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. DEPARTMENT OF ('OM>tERCE AND LABOR, Bureau of the Census, Washington, D. C, January 2, 1907. Sir: 1. have the honor to transmit herewith Part I of the Report on Manufactures for the census of 1905. This census covers the year ending December 31, 1904, and was taken in conformity with the requirements of section 9 of the act of Congress of March 6, 1902. It is the first census of the United States in which .the canvass was confined to estabhshments conducted under what is known as the factory system, thus excluding the neighborhood and mechanical industries. This volume contains a summarization and an analysis of the statistics for the United States, by states, by industries, and by groups of industries. The statistics for the manufactures in the states and territories are given in detail in bulletins which were published as rapidly as the work of compiling the data was completed. These bulletins have been bound in a separate volume, forming Part II of the Report on Manufactures. At the same time monographs have been prepared for a number of the principal industries of the country, and the more important of these also are being published as bulletins and will be bound together, and appear later in permanent form. The fieldwork for tliis census, the completion of the statistics, and the preparation of the text have been done under the supervision of Mr. William M. Steuart, chief statistician for manufactures. The canvass was made by the regular employees of the Office with the assistance of a limited number of temporary agents. The office work was done entirely by the regular employees, and by a much smaller force than was required at prior censuses. This is the first census of manufactures that has been taken by the permanent Office, and it has demonstrated the great saving in time and money that results from having the work done by trained employees. Very respectfully, Director. Hon. Oscar S. Straus, Secretary of Commerce and Labor. (xvii) CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1905 (xix) CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES: 1905. CHAPTEE I. SCOPE OF THE CENSUS. THE FACTORY SYSTEM. The census of 1 905 is the first Federal census of manu- factures that has been confined to establishments con- ducted under what is kno\vn as the factory system. This census was taken in accordance with section 9 of the act of Congress of March 6, 1902, which provides, "That in the year nineteen hundred and five and every ten years thereafter, there shall be a collection of the statistics of manufactures, confined to manufacturing establishments conducted under what is known as the factory system, exclusive of the so-called neighbor- hood and mechanical industries." ^ The line of demarcation between the true factory and the neighborhood establishment is not easily drawn in some industries, and for the purpose of this census a rather broad construction has been given to the term "factory system," based upon the practical conclusions reached at the close of the Twelfth Census. The fac- tory system has been described as confined to the oper- ations of factories, a factory being an association of separate occupations conducted in one establishment in order to facilitate the combination of the processes into which most branches of manufactures are divided.^ An establishment in which such an association could be made with advantage would necessarily be of some magnitude and, without further qualification, a factory census would naturally be accepted as an enumeration of large establishments. If only the size of an estab- lishment were to determine whether it should be in- cluded, it would be necessary to fix a standard such as amoimt of capital, number of wage-earners, use of power and machinery, or value of products, and apply the standard uniformly to all establishments. It would be useless to attempt to take as the stand- ard a certain amount of capital, because capital can not be definitely ascertained; its productive power varies widely in difi'erent industries, and even in the same industry the incomplete returns for capital would ren- ^The act of March 3, 1899, provided for "a census of the * * * manufacturing, (and) mechanical, * * * products." Laws, back to 1850, provided for a censup of establishments "of productive industry." 2Tenth Census. Manufactures, folio 53.3, "The Factory System of the United States," by Carroll D. Wright. der it impossible to predicate on this information either the size of the individual establishment or the probable value of its aimual product. The number of wage-earners varies so greatly during the year, in industries and ia establishments in the same industry, that it would not be safe to use either the total or the average number as a standard if the entire field of a factory census is to be covered; and a graded standard for various industries would be im- practicable. The use of power and machinery could not be made an absolute test, because in some important industries included in a broad definition of "factory system," there are large establishments in which no power is used, that would be omitted. It has been the practice to exclude all establish- ments with an annual product valued at less than $500, except that in 1900 statistics for such establish- ments were taken, although they were not included in the totals, a separate tabulation of them being made. If in fixing a certain value of products as a standard for a factory census, $10,000, for example, should be taken as the minimum, all establishments having products during the census year of less than that amount would be excluded, whatever their time of operation, and the totals obtained would not be representative figures for some of the important factory industries and conse- quently would be of no value for comparison with those of prior censuses. The establishments enumerated at the census of 1905, however, were determined more largely by the industries in which they were engaged than by their size. The essential difference between true factories and neighborhood establishments seems to be that the products of f actories.are distributed beyond the narrow limits of the communities in which they are located, while the products of neighborhood establishments are consumed by local patrons. In the report of the Twelfth Census it was stated that the "true criterion for manufactures as opposed to the hand trades" was the manufacture . of a standard product — that is, a product intended for the general market as distin- guished from a product made upon order for a cus- tomer. The fact that an establishment manufactured (xxi) XXll MANUFACTURES. for the general market has been the controlling factor to determine whether it should be included in the cen- sus of 1905. INDUSTRIES OMITTED. The industries that were omitted from the census of 1905 are indicated in the following extract from the instructions to special agents: 20. Establishments engaged in the following industries must not be reported. In some of the industries covered by this list certain establishments are to be omitted and others included in the canvass; the litflitations for each industry must be carefully followed. 21. Awnings. (Includes the small establishments that make window, porch, and store awnings and place the same for individual customers.) The manufacture of awnings, tents, or sails for the trade must be reported. 22. Bicycle repairing. 23. Blacksmith and wheelwright shops. (Includes small black- smithand repair shops and horseshoeing shops.) Boiler works , foun- dries, and machine shops must be reported. 24. Wheelwrighting. (Includes shops where the whole or chief business is the repair of carriages and wagons, notwithstanding one or two vehicles may be built in such shops during the year.) Estab- lishments where five or more vehicles were made during the year m,ust be reported. 25. Boot and shoe custom and repair shops. (Includes shops making boots and shoes to measure for the individual customer, cobbler shops, and the repair work which may be incident to a mer- cantile shoe business.) 26. Bottling. (Includes all bottling works.) The manufacture of mineral and soda waters, sirups, tinctures, beverages, etc., must be reported, and if bottling is incident to the same, it should be included in the report. 27. Carpenter shops. (Includes all kinds of carpentry work, from the small job shop to that of the contractor engaged in the erection of buildings, etc.) 28. Confectionery. (Includes the retail confectioners, and the restaurants, caterers, etc., making candy, ice cream, etc.) Estab- lishments manufacturing candies, confections, etc., for the trade must be reported. 29. Custom and merchant tailoring. (Includes the custom and merchant tailors or their contractors working in separate shops, and the small shops in which the work consists chiefly of repairing, pressing, etc.) Establishments engaged in the manufacture of ready- made clothing on contract or otherwise for the trade must be reported. 30. Custom gristmills. (Includes custom flour, feed, and grist mills, grinding exclusively for toll and local consumption.) All ,milU that do merchant grinding must be reported, although they may also do exchange or custom grinding. 31. Custom sawmills. (Includes the sawmills engaged exclusively in custom sawing for local consumption.) All other sawmills, stave or heading mills, shingle mills, and veneer mills, including those saw- ing on contract, and timber camps must be reported. 32. Dairies. (Includes all wholesale and retail dairies in cities or rural districts, also cream separating stations where the cream and milk are sold for consumption as such.) Factories engaged in the manufacture of cheese, bullcr, or condensed milk, although the sale of cream and milk may be incident to the manufacture, must be re- ported. 33. Dressmaking. (Includes the manufacture of women's dresses, garments, etc., to order for the individual wearer.) The manufacture of women's clothing for the trade must be reported. 34. Drug stores. (Includes the manufacture of druggists' prep- arations, patent or proprietary medicines, etc., by retail druggists.) Establishments manufacturing these goods for the trade must be re- ported. The manufacture of these articles at odd times by store clerks whose principal duties are incident to the mercantile part of the business, even though the product is sold to other stores, should not be reported. 35. Dyeing and cleaning. (Includes shops engaged in dyeing or cleaning articles of wearing apparel, etc.) Dye works, bleacheries, and print works, conducted independently, dyeiruj, bleaching, or refin- ishing fabrics, and the products of textile mills must be reported. 36. Electrical repair and construction work. (Includes not only the small establishments wiring buildings, etc., and doing all kinds of electrical repair work, but also the large , contractors installing electrical apparatus and doing electrical construction work.) Establishments manufacturing electrical apparatus and appliances of any character must be reported. 37. Fur goods. (Includes retail fur stores engaged in making and repairing fur garments for individual customers.) Establish- ments engaged in manufacturing fur goods for the trade must be re- ported. 38. Hairwork. (Includes establishments making wigs, switches, toppieces, etc., in connection with hairdressing, manicuring, etc., where the employees are placed upon such work only a.s they are relieved of their regular duties.) Establishments engaged exclusively in the manufacture of these goods must be reported. 39. Harness shops. (Includes the numerous repair shops and those chiefly engaged in repair work in connection with a mercan- tile business, even though some new harness may be made.) Har- ness and saddlery factories or establishments making these goods for the trade must he reported. 40. Ice cream. (Includes the manufacture of ice cream for either the wholesale or retail trade.) If this manufacture is incident to the wholesale confectionery or other manufacturing industry reported, it should be included. 41. Jewelry stores. (Includes the repair work incident to a retail jewelry business and the manufacture at odd times by employees engaged primarily in repair work.) Establishments engaged in the manufacture of watches, clocks, and jewelry for the trade are to be re- ported. Retailers may also be large manufacturers of jewelry, silver- ware, etc., and in such cases a report must be secured. 42. Kindling wood. 43. Locksmith and gunsmith and engraving and diesinking shops. (Includes not only locksmithing and gunsmithing and small shops engaged in custom engraving and diesinking, but a variety of local repair and job work, like bell hanging, umbrella and trunk mend- ing, etc.) 44. Marble and other stone quarries. (Includes establishments engaged exclusively in quarrying, or in getting out rough stone, crushed stone, etc.) All other marble and stone work, including quarries where the cutting and finishing also is done, must be reported. 45. Masonry, brick and stone. (Includes all masonry, brick or stone work, whether done by large contractors, individuals, or com- panies, in the erection or repair of buildings, bridges, subways, sewers, etc.) 46. Millinery, custom work. (Usually connected with millinery stores, and the work consists in making or trimming hats, bonnets, etc., for the individual customer.) Establishments engaged in the manufacture of millinery goods for the trade must he reported. 47. Monumental work, (Includes small establishments letter- ing monuments, tombstones, etc., and doing local cemetery stone- work,) Marble and stone quarries making monuments and tomb- stones, and large establishments cutting and finishing monuments and tombstones, must be reported. 48. Opticians, (Includes retailers of optical goods, or opticians where the work consists in grinding lenses or fitting spectacles, eye- glasses, etc, to individual customers,) Establishments manufactur- ing optical goods for the trade must be reported. 49. Painting, house, sign, etc, 50. Paper hanging, 51. Paving. (Includes establishments engaged exclusively in the laying or repairing of pavements, sidewalks, etc., of asphalt, concrete, stone, brick, wood, etc.) Establishments engaged in the manujacture of paving materials of any character must be reported. SCOPE OF THE CENSUS. XXIU 52. Photography. 53. Picture framing. (Includes the framing and gilding done at picture stores.) Establishments engaged in the manufacture of look- ing-glass and picture frames for the trade must be reported. 54. Plastering and stuccowork. 55. Plumbing. (Includes establishments engaged in plumbing, gas fitting, or in steam fitting.) Establishments engaged in the manu- facture of plumbers' supplies or materials, gas fixtures or steam fittings and apparatus must be reported. , 56. Printing and publishing. (Includes the soliciting of contracts for printing where no work is done in connection with the prepara- tion of the manuscript, printing, binding, circulation, etc.) ^1// establishments in which printing of any character is done, also pub- Ushers who assist in the revision of manuscript, binding , furnishing of paper, circulation, etc., although they do no printing, must be reported. 57. Repairing and upholstering furniture. (Includes the custom work and repair shops and the incidental manufacture and repair work done by furniture dealers.) Furniture factories of every de- scription must be reported. 58. Roofing. (Includes establishments engaged exclusively in laying roofing of gravel, pitch, felt, etc., and of slate or tile.) Estab- lishments engaged in the manufacture of roofing materials of any char- acter must be reported. 59. Sewing machine repairing. 60. Taxidermists. 61. Tin shops. (Includes the tin shops engaged in custom or repair work, or establishments where the work is merely incident to a mercantile business. ) Tin shops where goods are made %n consider- able quantities, or tvhere roofing, etc., is manufactured, must be re- ported. Coppersmithing and sheet iron working must be reported. 62. Typewriter repairing. 63. In addition to the above, reports must not be secured for manufacturing in educational, eleemosynary , and penal institutions, nor for the following, which are sometimes classed as manufacturing industries: BUI posting. Building and construction work. Cotton cleaning and rehandling. Cotton compressing. Cotton ginning. Dentistry. Dressing, packing, and shipping of poultry. Electric light and power. Excavating and well digging. Fisheries. The canning or preserving offish and oysters must be reported. Florists and floral designs. Hay and straw baling. Ice harvesting. Junk shops. Laundries. Mining. Moving and raising buildings. Packing and shipping of fruits and vegetables. The canning or preserving of fruits and vegetables m,ust be reported. Professional services. Rectifying and blending of liquors. Retail butchers. Salting hides. Telegraph and telephone companies. Tobacco stemming and rehandling. Transportation and express companies. Trimming and finishing coffins and burial cases by under- takers, or undertaking and funeral directing. Establish- ments engaged in the manufacture of coffins and burial cases for the trade must be reported. 64. The object of the omission from the census of the class of estab- lishments indicated by the above list is to confine the census as far as possible to an enumeration of the factory industries. In many instances the same industry is carried on in large and small estab- lishments, and as a rule no distinction is made in the size of the establishment to be reported. It is only in cases where the manu- facture is mcident to a mercantile business that the agents are called upon to exercise discretion in regard to securing the report. The sale of the product is necessarily incident to all manufacturing and must, in many cases, bo included in the reports. In some estab- lishments, such as confectionery stores, harness shops, and jewelry stores, if manufacturing is carried on, it is incident to the mercan- tile business and should not be reported. An establishment of this character, to bi_' reported, must have employees engaged exclusively in manufacturing work and sell the product to the trade. Estab- lishments where the manufacturing is done at odd times by the clerks in the store or by employees engaged for repair work must not be reported. Modification of rule. — The list of omitted industries includes all of tKe neighborhood and mechanical in- dustries such as blacksmithing and wheelwrighting, boot and shoe custom and repair work, and the build- ing trades, but the modifying instructions following each omitted industry in which there might be estab- lishments engaged in the production of standard articles, were introduced so as to insure the collection of reports from all establishments that could by the broadest construction be included in a factory census. Therefore the omission of industries in which the small establishments abound, and the elimination of practically all establishments in which the product is manufactured on the order of customers, has not re- sulted in excluding all small establishments. The instructions have tended to^ include all establishments conducted under the factory system, a complete enu- meration of such being made for each industry''. The elimination of establishments that do not manu- facture a standardized product greatly reduces the number reported for some industries. For instance, there were 25,258 flour and grist mills reported at the census of 1900 with products valued at $560,719,063, but when the totals were revised in order to obtain figures that could be compared with the statistics for 1905, which relate only to those mills that do some merchant grinding, it was found that 15,782 estab- lishments should be omitted, reducing the number from 25,258 to 9,476, or 62.5 per cent, and the value of product from $560,719,063 to $501,396,304, or 10.6 per cent. The sawmills engaged in custom sawing or in samng for consumption in the neighborhood were omitted from the census of 1905, and to reduce the totals for 1900 to a comparative basis it was necessary to exclude the reports for 9,982 establishments with products valued at $11,635,713, the number forming 30.2 per cent and the value of products 2.1 per cent of the corre- sponding totals for "lumber and timber products" at the Twelfth Census. Therefore, the omission of the mills engaged in custom grinding and sawing has had but slight effect on the totals for the industry other than in the reduction of the number of establishments. XXIV MANUFACTURES. Exceptions. — The deviations in the Hne of demarca- tion between the estabUshments included and those omitted may be illustrated l)y the conditions in a few industries. While the harness factories that manu- facture a standard product for sale in the general market produce the major portion of the harness made, large quantities are produced in harness shops manufacturing both for the general market and on order from customers, the value of the latter class of goods, however, predominating. In some sections these shops are very numerous and many of them are of considerable size. The instructions required the agents to omit shops engaged chiefly in repair work in connection with a mercantile business, even though some new harness was made, but to report all "harness and saddlery factories or establishments making these goods for the trade." These instruc- tions were prepared in such a manner as to permit the agents to exercise some discretion in determining the class of establishments to be reported, and reports were accepted for large establishments even though the greater part of the product was manufactured on orders received from customers. The extent to which the small harness shops were omitted is indicated by the records of the canvass of Kansas. The original lists for this state contained the names of 574 estab- lishments which appeared from the trade and local directories, trade journals, etc., to be engaged in the manufacture of harness, but after investigation 553 of them were omitted from the enumeration, only 21 establishments being accepted as of the character to be included in this census. Since the manufacture of bread and other bakery products was not included in the list of industries to be omitted, the ride was that agents should enumerate all establishments on the assumption that they all manu- factured for the tra,de. Many bakers, however, sold their products at retail, and others manufactured con- fectionery as well as bread, and also did a small mer- cantile business. In these cases exception was made, and the agents were required to omit small establish- ments that did a miscellaneous business. While separate classifications are provided for marble and stone work and for monuments and tombstones, and separate statistics are presented, both classes of products are often manufactured by the same estab- lishment, and a definite demarcation of the statistics is in many instances impracticable. Moreover, all classes of stone products are now manufactured largely in connection with the operation of the quarries. The statistics for quarries, as required by the act of March 6, 1902, form a part of the census of mines and quar- ries and therefore should not be included in the census of manufactures. It would be impracticable for a quarryman to make separate reports for the cutting and dressing of stone and the manufacture of monu- ments or other products at the quarry, since both branches of the work are carried on by the use of the same capital and largely by the same employees, and no separation is made of the expenses. Therefore the in- structions to the agents provided that the entire estab- lishment, including the quarry, should be reported as a manufacturing establishment when it was engaged in cutting and finishing stone or in the production of monuments and tombstones. There are, however, many quarries producing rough rock for foundation or road work, cutting paving blocks and slabs without the use of machinery, or quarrying marble and other rough stone for sale as such. All quarries yielding prod- ucts of this character were omitted from the census of manufactures because they could with greater pro- priety be included in the census of mines and quarries. The lettering of monuments and tombstones and local cemetery work were also omitted from the factory census because such work was in the nature of a neighborhood industry. SPECIAL FEATUEES. Calendar year covered. — The census of manufactures of 1905 covers the calendar year 1904, while all prior censuses relate to the fiscal year ending May 31. In the absence of a legal provision as to the period to be covered, the calendar year was selected because the majority of the manufacturers close their books on December 31 , and it would be more convenient to make the Census report for the year ending with that day. It has been the practice at all censuses to accept reports for the business year most nearly conforming with the census year, and the results, therefore, can not be accepted as representing totals for the same period of twelve months for all establishments. In some indus- tries the business year is controlled by the year regu- lating the supply of raw material. For instance, in the manufacture of cottonseed products the business year, as a rule, conforms with the commercial crop year from September to September. Therefore in the case of this industry the change from the fiscal to the calendar year has had very little effect on the totals as compared with those for former censuses. Territory canvassed. — The territory covered in the canvass for this census embraced continental Ignited States and Alaska, but not Guam, Hawaii, the Philip- pine Islands, Porto Rico, or the American islands of the Samoan group. Supplemental schedules. — The census of 1880 was the first to contain special reports for the principal indus- tries. A special schedule was used to develop the sta- tistics which contained aU of the usual inquiries and also inquiries concerning the details for materikls, prod- ucts, and machinery. This practice was followed at the censuses of 1890 and 1900. At the census of 1905 a supplemental schedule was used which contained only such inquiries as were necessary to develop the sta- tistics for the special report. The use of this supple- SCOPE OF THE CENSUS. XXV mental schedule enabled the work on the general and special reports, both in the field and in the Office, to proceed contemporaneously. Temporary and regular emploijees. — At all prior cen- suses both the actual fieldwork and the work of super- vision were carried on by temporary employees — that is, supervisors, enumerators, and special agents. The canvass of 1905 was made under the immediate super- vision of the regular employees of the Bureau of the Census. In each of the large cities one of these em- ployees was placed in charge of a number of local agents ; in the smaller cities and in some of the smaller but im- portant manufacturing states, where a temporary local agent or agents were required, regular employees worked with the local agents, either during the entire canvass or for a sufficient time to give thorough instructions. The canvass of the greater part of the rural sections and, in some instances, of entire states and territories was made by the regular employees. The reports have, therefore, been prepared with great care, and are more nearh' uniform than at any previous census. OFFICE AND FIELD WORK. List ofTnanufacturers. — A complete card index of the names and addresses of the establishments was prepared as a basis for the fieldwork. A list was made of the establishments reported at the Twelfth Census and the names aiid addresses were compared with those shown in city, county, state, and trade directories, in private lists of manufacturers, and in lists prepared by the bureaus of labor and industry in the different states; in fact every source of information concerning the lo- cation of manufacturing establishments was utihzed. The list prepared necessarily contained the names of a large number of individuals, firms, and corporations that were not engaged in manufacturing but that for business reasons, advertised as manufacturers. The list also contained numerous duplications, since the name of the same establishment appeared in the direct- ory for every city in which it had a sales agency or office, and the fact that the plant was not located in the city could not be detected from the directory. More- over, different directories gave the same establishment with a slight variation in the name. The duplications for establishments in the same city were eliminated to some extent by an alphabetical arrangement of the cards. But the fact that the name of an establishment appears in several directories is not conclusive that the names should be treated as duplicates, since, many companies operate plants in a number of cities. The duplicates and the names which were not those of legitimate manufacturers could be eliminated only by a personal visit or by correspondence. A circular' was sent to each establishment to ascertain the location of the factory, the character of the product, and other information that would be of assistance in securing the report. The replies to this circular disposed of a large proportion of the cards for establishments that were not engaged in manufacturing. The census schedules ^ were then mailed to all of the remaining establishments, with the request that the reports be prepared and re- turned so as to avoid the necessity of a visit from an agent. A large number of satisfactory reports were received through the mail. After allowing sufficient time for the return of the schedules the cards were arranged by districts, the entire country being divided into' about 1,000 districts, each district containing the number of establishments that could be visited' by an agent in approximately sixty working days. The cards for each district were arranged as nearly as possible in the order in which the agent should visit the establishments when making the canvass. A typewritten list of the names was then made, a 1 The preliminary circular sent all establishments was as follows: Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of the Census,. Washington. Division of Manufactures. SlEl Octobers, 1904. To comply with the requirements of the act of Congress of March 6, 1902, the collection of the reports tor the census of manufactures of 1905 will he started on or about January 1. Your establishment appears on the records of this Office as engaged in manu- facturing. In order to perfect the records, to avoid unnecessary correspondence, and what might be the needless call of a,- special agent of this Office, you are re- quested to answer the following questions and return this circular in the inclosed envelope, which requires no postage. Name of establishment Name of owner .' State Post office Street. ' Number Location of factory; State '; County City If you operate other factories, give name and location of each Enumerate or describe the articles produced during 1904 If you are not a manufacturer, please describe the business or occupation in which you are engaged ; If your factory is idle, when did it close If you have retired from business, when did you retire Please give the name and address of your successor, if anr Your prompt attention to this .equest will be appreciated. Very respectfully, S. N. D. NORTH, (Inclosure.) Director. ^ The following circular was used in transmitting the schedule; Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of the Census, Washington. Division of Manufactures. Sie: December 1, 1904. As intimated in letters heretofore sent you, I inclose a blank schedule for the report of your manufacturing establishment, required by the act of Congress of March 6, 1902, providing for a census of manufactures of the United States. The provisions of law and assurances in regard to the confidential character of the information are printed on the title page of the schedule. The report should cover the calendar year ending December 31, 1904, or the business year that most nearly conforms to it. The schedule is as simple as the requirements of the law will permit, and careful instructions are given for each question. Kindly supply the amounts required by each inquiry, and if the inquiry is not applicable to your estabUsHment, write the word "None" in answer to it.- If book accounts are not available for exact data, careful estimates will be accepted. Actual field work on the census must begin on January 3, 1905. 1 hope you will find it convenient to forward the completed schedule m the inclosed offlcial envel- ope by January 15, and avoid the necessity of a special agent calling on you. Your attention to this matter will greatly aid in the completion of a very impor- tant statistical work. Very respectfully, s. N. D. NORTH, Director. (Inclosurea.) XXVI MANUFACTURES. carbon copy being retained in the Office. The Office copy of the list was checked as the cards and schedules were returned by the agents. In this manner a cur- rent record was kept of the canvass in every district, and each establishment was accounted for. The agents were required to make careful inquiry for other establishments than those listed, and to make a thor- ough canvass of their respective districts, securing re- ports from all establishments that were in operation during any portion of the year. Schedule and instructions. — All establishments were reported on a general schedule of 4 pages, containing 13 general inquiries relating to capital, employees, salaries, wages, miscellaneous expenses, cost of mate- rials, value of products, time in operation, and power used. In addition to a report on the general schedule, establishments engaged in 84 ^ of the principal indus- tries were required to furnish reports on supplemental schedules showing the quantities and values of the dif- ferent materials or products, and, in some instances, certain details concerning machinery used. The inquiries of these supplemental schedules were, in the main, the same as the inquiries on the same subjects at the census of 1900. Canvass. — The actual fieldwork was started on Janu- ary 3, 1905, when a number of the regular employees of the Office commenced work in Baltimore, Md. Work was started in other sections of Maryland and through- out the United States as rapidly as possible, the height of employment being reached in the month of April, when 835 regular and temporary employees were at work. It was impossible to begin the work in all sec- tions of the country at the same time, and it was ' The following is a list of the industries for which the 59 supple- mental schedules were provided, some of these schedules being used for more than one industry: Agricultural implements; automobiles; beet sugar; bicycles and tricycles; boots and shoes; brick and tile; butter; buttons; canning and preserving, fish; canning and pre- serving, fruits and vegetables; canning and jireserving, oysters; carpets and rugs, otlaer than rag; carriages and wagons; cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam railroad companies; cars and general shop construction and repairs by street railroad companies; cars, steam railroad, not including operations of railroad companies; cars, street railroad, not including operations of railroad companies; cheese; chemicals; coke; condensed milk; cordage and twine; cotton goods; cotton small wares; dyeing and finishing tex- tiles; dyestuffs and extracts; electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies; explosives; felt goods; fertilizers; flour and grist mill products; gas, illuminating and heating; glass; gloves and mittens, leather; hats, felt; hats, wool; hosiery and knit goods; ice, manufac- tured; iron and steel, blast furnaces; iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills; jute and jute goods; leather, tanned, curried, and fin- islied; linen goods; lumber and timber products; metal working ma- chinery; musical instruments, organs; musical instruments, pianos; needles, pins, and hooks and eyes; oil,cottonseed and cake; oil, essen- tial; oilcloth and linoleum, floor; oilcloth, enameled; paints; paper and wood pulp; pencils, lead; pens, fountain and stylographic; pens, gold; pens, steel; petroleum refining; pottery, terra cotta, and fire clay products; printing and publishing, book and job; printing and publishing, music; printing and publishing, newspapers and peri- odicals; rice, cleaning and polishing; salt; shipbuilding, iron and steel; shipbuilding, wooden, including boat l)uilding; shoddy; silk and silk go(jds; slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale; slaughter- ing, wholesale, not including meat packing; smelting and refining, copper; smelting and refining, lead; smelting and refining, zinc; soap; starch: sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids; tin and terne plate; turpentine and rosin; varnishes; wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin; woolen goods; worsted goods. found that better results were obtained by allowing some of the agents to remain a longer time in the field and canvass several districts. The services of the temporary agents were dispensed with by June.l, and practically all of the regular force returned to the Office by October 1, 1905. The total cost of the can- vass, including the salaries of the detailed clerks, was approximately $445,000. -Olassification of industries. — The classification of the reports^ for the various establishments is one of the most important branches of the office work. As ex- plained elsewhere,^ an establishment may consist of a single mill or of several mills, and be engaged in the manufacture of a single class of articles or of a great varietj^ of products. It was necessary to classify the reports so as to allow a grouping of the statistics for establishments engaged in the same or allied indus- ^ The following instructions were used in classifying schedules: The classification of reports is the assignment of tlie scliedule for each manufac- turer to a specific industry and to a particular generic group of industries in order to bring together the reports for all establishments engaged in ttie same indus- try. It is the first and most important step in the compilation of the data, and the utmost care should be exercised at every stage of the work. The cierJis en- gaged in classifying should be familiar with the use of all the supplemental sched- ules and the methods of presenting the statistics in the final volumes. The com- pleteness of the Census reports is largely controlled by the classification of the indi- vidual schedules. If, upon comparison of the number of establishments reported for the census of 1905 with those for 1900, it appears that there has been a decrease or an exceptionally large increase, the conclusion, in the absence of other informa- tion, will be that the schedules have been wrougiy classified. It is diflicult to detect an error in classification before the completion of the final tables, and changes will then necessitate the correction of a large number of totals and a se- rious delay at a critical stage of the worl£. The general rule for classification is that the schedule must be assigned to the industry indicated by the product of chief value. Por instance, if an establish- ment is engaged in the manufacture of both men's and women's clothing, the value of the two classes of clothing should be determined before classifying the report. If the product of men's clothing is in excess of that of women's clothing the report should be classified "clothing, men's." This general rule is to be modi- fied by other conditions indicated by the schedule, such as the commercial desig- nation of the factory, the class of materials used, and the character of machinery. For example, an establishment engaged in the manufacture of astrakhan cloth produced such cloth to the value of $206,085, using woolen yarn to the value of i93,815, and cotton yarn to the value of $40,2.33. In the absence of other informa- tion, this factory would be classified as "woolen goods," but knitting machines and winders are the only machinery used, and its proper classification is "hosiery and knit goods." Having decided the classification, the industry number as shown by the at- tached list must be given in the upper left-hand corner of title page, just under the border, and the title of the industry written in the space below the inquiries in regard to the location of the factory and general office. Many establishments are engaged in the manufacture of a great variety of articles, and the assignment of the schedule to a specific industry according to its product of chief value results in the inclusion in that classification of products which are not designed for the same purpose. This can not be avoided, but there are some industries carried on by the same establishment but of such a distinct character and of such importance tbat it is necessary to make separate reports; for instance, the manufacture of lumber and salt ^re frequently carried on by the same company or individual, but as the statistics for these industries are com- piled separately, separate reports must be prepared and each given its proper classification. While it is desired to obtain complete reports for each industry represented by the supplemental schedules, there are establishments engaged in the manufacture of products named on two or more of the supplemental schedules lor which it is impossible to secure complete separate reports. For instances an establishment reported on the supplemental schedule for " cottonseed products " may prodnce large quantities of fertilizer, though not sufficient to control the classification of the report, which would be classed as "oil, cottonseed and cake;" the quantity and value of the fertilizer would be shown in the special tahiUation, and added to the amounts reported by establishments classed as "fertilizers." Some establishments are engaged in the manufacture of products covered by two or more supplemental schedules, but enumerated on only one of these sched- ules. For instance, a turpentine distillery may be operated in connection with a lumber mill, but it is impossible to secure complete separate reports for each industry, but the respective supplemental schedules have been furnished. In such cases the general schedule must be classified and both supplemental schedules retained with it until separated in the editing section. The significance of the supplemental schedules must be thoroughly undor.stood. and the necessity and praetitability of separate reports considered before classification. In case of uncertainty concerning the classification, the report made by the establishment at the Twelfth Census should be consulted, and the classification then used should be followed unless it was manifestly wrong, or there has been an entire change in the class of product. If, however, the classification for the Twelfth Census has been subdivided, the report should be classified according to the classification for 1905. If the establishment is engaged in an industry for which a supplemental sched- ule is required and the supplemental schedule has not been secured, and it can not he prepared from data contained in the general schedule, it should be returned for correction to either the special agent or the establishment, as may be required with the customary letter. ' The list of classifications gives the name of each classification and its number also the general group number to which the class belongs and the classification number used in 1900. The classifier is concerned only with the name and number of classification for 1905. ' See page xli. SCOPE OF THE CENSUS. XXVll tries. Each report was accordingly assigned to one of the 339 classifications for which the statistics are shown separately. There were 354 separate industry classifications used at the census of 1900. The exclusion of the hand trades and neighborhood and mechanical indus- tries resulted in the omission of 28 of these. In addition, 6 classifications were, by name or by inclu- sion of the statistics heretofore shown under them, added to others, and one was not used, no return being received that was properly classifiable under it. This has reduced the number of classifications used in 1900 to 319 in 1905. Some industries have become so specialized that it has been possible to subdivide the classifications under which they were placed in 1900. For example, at the census of 1905 the manu- facture of automobiles had become so distinctive an industry that a separate classification was necessary. The statistics of cheese^ butter, and condensed milk were also classified separately. The changes in the wording of classifications and the names of new classifications are shown in the fol- lowing statement: (^I a ssiji cations of 1900 which have been changed inform or wording for 1905. Boots and shoos, factory product. Bridges ." CardDoard Carpets, wood Cheese, hutter, and condensed milk, factory product. Clothing, men's, factory product Clothing, men's, factory product, buttonholes Clothing, women's, factory product Collars and cuffs, paper Copper, smelting and refining Druggists' preparations, not including prescriptions. Electrical apparatus and supplies Pish, canning and preserving Flouring and grist mill products Fruits and vegetables, canning and preserving Fuel, artificial Fur hats " Furniture, factory product >. Gas and oil stoves Gloves and mittens Hats and caps, not including fur hats and wool hats. Horseshoes, factory product Iron and steel Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails . Ironwork, architectural and ornamental Kaolin and other earth grinding Lead, smelting and refining Leather board Lime and cement Models and patterns. Musical instruments, organs and materials. Musical instruments, pianos and materials- Needles and pins Hooks and eyes Oilcloth, floor Oysters, canning and preserving Paper hangings Paving and pa\'ing materials Plated and britannia ware Hegisters, car fare Registers, cash Roofing and roofing materials Ship and boat building, wooden Silversmithing Silverware Soap and candles Sugar and molasses, beet Tinsmithing, coppersmithing, and shrot iron working. Varnish Whalebone and rattan Window shades Wool hats Zinc, smelting and refining _ Boots and shoes. Included with structural ironwork. Cardboard, not made in paper mills. Wood carpet. (Butter. ■{Cheese. ICondensed milk. Clothing, men's. Clothing, men's, buttonholes. Clothing, women's. Included with collars and cuffs. Smelting and refinifig, copper. Druggists' preparations. Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. Canning and preserving, fish. Flour and grist mill products. Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables. Fuel, manufactured. Hats, felt. Furniture. Stoves, gas and oil. Gloves and mittens, leather. Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool. Horseshoes. (Iron and steel, blast furnaces. I Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails, not made in rolling mills or steel works. Structural ironwork. Kaolin and ground earths. Smelting and refining, lead. Included with leather goods. [Lime. •^Cement. I Gypsum wall plaster. Models and patterns, not including paper patterns. [Musical instruments, organs. ■I Musical instruments, pianos. I Musical instruments, piano and organ materials. [Needles, pins, and hooks and eyes. Oilcloth and linoleum, floor. Canning and preserving, oysters. Wall paper. Paving materials. Plated ware. ICash re"gisters and calculating machines. Roofing materials. Shipbuilding, wooden, including boat building. Isilversmithing and silverware. ' /Soap. iCandles. Beet sugar. /Tinware. ■\Coppersmithing and sheet iron working. Varnishes. Whalrbone cutting. Window shades and fixtures. Hats, wool. Smelting and refining, zinc. New classifications. ('l;iss ill uhlch li'ports were included at the Census of 1000. With Marble and stone work With Carrifiges and wagons With P'urnishing goods, men's With Carpente ring , With Hats and caps, not including fur hats and wool hats With Foundry and machine shop products With Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding With Plastering and stuccowork; Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified. W ith Foundry and machine shop products With Chemicals 1905 Artificial stone. /Automobiles. I Automobile bodies and parts. Collars and cuffs. Dairymen's, poulterers', and apiarists' supplies. Hats, straw. Locomotives. Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling. statuary and art goods. Stoves and furnaces. /Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids. \Wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin. XXVlll MANUFACTURES. This segregation, of which these are examples, has added 20 to the revised list of classifications shown in 1900, making 339 in all. The assignment of reports to the different indus- tries was made according to the product of chief value, and therefore it does not follow that the estab- lishments reported for any particular industry are the only establishments engaged in the production of the articles covered by that classification. The manufac- ture of "shirts" is shown as a separate industry, but some of the establishments which are classed under "furnishing goods, men's," also make shirts. There- fore the figures for shirts can not be considered as representing the entire production for the census year, nor should they be accepted as referring to shirts as a sole product. For the same reason, establishments may be as- signed to different classifications at succeeding cen- suses, depending upon their product of chief value during the year covered. Under these conditions the comparative figures for a given industry can not be accepted as representing in everj instance the same establishments for each census, less those that have gone out of existence and plus those that have com- menced operations in the intervening periods. The changes in classification depending upon class of products has but slight effect on the large staple industries, such as the manufacture of flour, lumber, and .cotton, silk, or woolen goods. Establishments engaged in these industries are equipped with special machinery, and their products are of such a uniform character that the reports would necessarily be as- signed to the same classification at succeeding censuses. Subsidiary products. — In addition to the manufac- ture of articles covered by the classifications to wliich the schedules were assigned, a number of establish- ments produced articles provided for by one or more of the supplemental schedules.^ As the value of the articles covered by the supplemental schedule was not sufficient to control the classification, they were considered as subsidiary products. In order to show in the special reports the total quantity or value of any product made in the United States, it was neces- sary to consider all of these subsidiary products. For example, a schedule might show that an establish- ment should be classed under ' ' foundry and machine shop products," although it manufactured a quantity of agricultural implements. In order to show the total number and value of the agricultural imple- ments manufactured in this country, it was necessary to include those manufactured by all establishments, however classified. This was accomplished by com- bining the value of the agricultural implements re- ported as subsidiary products of various industries with the value of the products reported under the 'See page xxvi for industries covered by supplemental schedules. classification "agricultural implements." If this prac- tice had not been followed, the subsidiary agricul- tural implement products would have been lost in the general classification "foundry and machine shop products." Examination of scliedules. — This examination is the preparation of the reports for tabulation. Each schedule was examined to correct inconsistencies and errors that might have occurred in its preparation. The average number of wage-earners employed during the entire year was computed from the average re- turned for each month, and all additions tested.^ At prior censuses the chief difficulty in editing schedules was in obtaming answers to essential inqui- ries, when the answers had been omitted by the enu- merator or local agent, who not being familiar with the Office methods, could not appreciate the impor- tance of covering the main points of the schedule. This omission of essential information in the schedules of 1900 necessitated a large correspondence between the Census Office and the establishments. The fieldwork for the census of 1905, however, was done by or under the immediate supervision of the regular employees of the Office. These employees were given careful in- structions in the preparation of the schedules, and their prior experience in general census work enabled them to appreciate the importance of consistency in the re- plies to the different inquiries. A number of the ear- liest reports secured by each agent were given a pre- liminary examination immediately upon their receipt at the Office and returned with letters of criticism. These practices resulted in simplifying the Office work and transferring to the field force a considerable pro- portion of the work done in the Office at prior censuses in connection with the editing of the schedules. For example, in editing the reports for the lumber industry at the census of 1900 it was necessary to send out about 6,000 special letters, requesting replies to inquiries that were not answered when the schedule was filled out. Only in comparatively few instances was it necessary, at the census of 1905, to call on an establishment for additional information after the report had been re- ceived at the Census Office. The schedule for the lum- ber industry at the present census, as well as at the census of 1900, probably presented as many difficulties, both in its preparation in the field and in its revision in the Office, as any other schedule, and the far neater condition of the schedules for this industry at the pres- ent census as compared with those at the census of 1900 furnishes a safe indication of the difference in the quality of fieldwork at the two censuses as applied to all sched- ules. Tabulation. — The statistics for the census of 1905 are presented by specified industries for the United States, for each state and territory, and for the cities ^ For copy of the instructions, see Appendix 0, page 637. SCOPE OF THE CENSUS. XXIX having a population of 20,000 and over at the census of 1900. Moreover, the totals for the United States, for each state and territory, and for selected industries are grouped by character of ownership — individual, firm, incorporated company, or miscellaneous — and by value of products, and the totals for each munici- pality having a population of 8,000 and over at the census of 1900 are grouped by character of ownership. To facilitate these presentations the schedules were assorted by states, cities, industries, character of own- ership, and value of products. The tabulation of the schedules in tliis order brought together the totals for the largest possible number of reports for a given group. Most of the tabulation was done on the wide carriage tj^ewriter, fitted with a tabulating attach- ment. Carbon copies were used in making the combi- nations by character of ownership and by value of products, thus avoiding the retabulation of the sched- ules. The adding machines were also used to great advantage. These methods are similar to those fol- lowed at the Twelfth Census, which are fully described in Part I of the reports on manufactures for that cen- sus and, therefore, no extended reference to them is necessary in this connection. CHANGES IN METHODS. Treatment of certain industries. — ^At the census of 1905 a change was made in the method of compiling statistics for "lumber and timber products." Under the heading of "capital" for the industry as a whole, the principal change has been the elimination of the item of standing timber or timbered lands. Invest- ments of this character have formerly been included vmder capital invested in land. Since on the sched- ules for all other industries the item of land is intended to cover only capital invested in land used for the plant sites, the relatively large showing for this item of capital in the" lumber industry for 1900, when con- sidered in connection with that for other lines of manu- facturing, was misleading, and when the total for this industry was added to the totals for other industries for a city, state, or the United States, the statistical value of the average investment per establishment for this item of capital was virtually destroyed. At the census of 1905 a special inquiry was placed upon the supplemental schedule for lumber and timber products, and detailed information covering investments in tim- ber lands was secured. Until the present census provision was not made for treatiag logging operations conducted in connection with sawmill plants as a distinct and complete branch of the lumber industry. Statistics had been collected bearing on the cost of stumpage, logging supplies, and logging wages, but the principal product from these expenditures, namely, saw logs for use in the estab- lishment conducting the operations, was not treated as a product of logging, but as material for the mill, log- ging of this character being regarded as an adjunct to mill operations. At the present census data relating to the' logging branch of the industry were collected imder the various headings with the same degree of care as that with which the mill operations were re- ported. Much of the expense that formerly was reported under the head of cost of materials, such as the amount paid for contract logging and, in some instances, the wages of men employed directly in work connected with logging, is now shown under "miscel- laneous expenses " and " wages." As a result, the total cost of materials has decreased as compared with the value of products manufactured therefrom, while the items of wages and miscellaneous expenses have in- creased correspondingly. At former censuses the value of that part of the product of lumber mills, which was dressed or remanufactured in planing mills connected with the sawmills producing it entered twicdinto the total value of the products of the industry — first as rough lumber and again in its fioished form. There was also a similar duplication in the total cost of mate- rials for the industry. The schedule for lumber mills was so framed at the census of 1905 as to avoid these duplications, in consequence of which both the cost of materials and the value of products are relatively smaller at the present census than at other censuses. A similar change was made in the method of pre- senting the statistics for capital for turpentine and rosin. The value of orchard lands owned was included in capital in 1900, but excluded in 1905. The wages of the wage-earners engaged in gathering the crude material in the orchards and the miscellaneous expenses of the orchard work were included in wages and in miscellaneous expenses, respectively, at both censuses. Presentation of statistics. — The method of presenting the statistics is similar to that followed at the Twelfth Census, but there are some differences which may be summarized as follows: 1. The totals for all industries and for each industry in the United States, for all industries and for selected industries in the states and territories, and for all indus- tries in the principal cities, have been grouped so as to bring together the statistics for establishments with products valued at less than $6,000, $5,000 but less than $20,000, $20,000 but less than :B100,000, $100,000 but less than $1,000,000, and $1,000,000 and over. This arrangement indicates very definitely the extent to which the large establishments predominated in certain industries and in certain sections of the country. XXX MANUFACTURES. * 2. The totals for all industries and for selected industries have also been grouped according to the character of ownership of the establishments. This grouping shows the relative importance of the estab- lishments controlled by individuals, private com- panies, and incorporated companies in the different industries, states, and cities. 3. Urban manufactures have been confined to munic- ipalities having a population of 8,000 and over according to the census of 1900, and in the reports by states the urban and rural totals are presented in a comparative table for 1900 and 1905, with percentages showing the extent of the changes. 4. At the Twelfth Census the greatest and the least number of salaried officials and clerks employed at any one time during the year were reported. The greatest number was accepted as the number to be tabulated. The schedule for the census of 1905 called only for the "number" of this class of employ- ees. As a rule there is very little variation in the number of salaried officials and clerks employed at difl'erent times, therefore it is probable that the great- est number does not differ much from the usual num- ber, and the change in the schedule has had but slight, if any, effect on the totals. 5. The statistics concerning wage-earners and wages include a transcript of the pay roll for a representative week during which the largest number of persons were employed. The wage-earners were grouped accord- ing to actual weekly earnings. The figures used in the presentations on this subject are only for estab- lishments from which the copy of a pay roll or satis- factory information could be secured. The report embodying these statistics is not included in this volume, but will be published later separately. 6. The schedule for the census of 1900 called for information regarding the months the establishments were in operation on full time, on three-fourths time, on half time, and on one-fourth time, and also the months they were idle, while the schedule for the census of 1905 asked for the "number of daj's in operation dur- ing the year, number of hours per day (under normal conditions), number of hours per week (under normal conditions)," and "extra time during the year, total number of h^^urs." 7. A special showing is made in the reports, by states and territories, of the kind and horsepower of power used in the leading industries in 1905 as com- pared with 1900; and also of the number of men, women, and children employed, by months, and the greatest and least number of all wage-earners for the year. In most instances these rejjorts by states also contain comparative tables of the leading industries, illustrating in detail their condition at this census as compared with their condition in 1900. 8. The inquiry concerning the date when the estab- lishment commenced operations was omitted from the schedule of 1905, because the answers to this inquiry at the census of 1900 were very unsatisfactory. A large proportion of the establishments have changed ownership a number of times, and the present owners can not give the date of the beginning of operations. 9. The presentation of county totals made at prior censuses has been abandoned. This was necessary because in many counties there were so few factories that the operations of individual establishments could be identified if the totals were published. The inclu- sion of the hand trades and neighborhood industries at former censuses caused the number of establish- ments to be so large that the county presentation was possible. COOPERATION 'WrrH STATE STATISTICAL OFFICES. As stated in the Report on Manufactures, Twelfth Census, collaboration in Federal and state statistical work is desirable, because it tends to uniformity in results and to the elimination of the duplication of inquiries. From an examination of the laws under which the statistical offices in a number of the states are organ- ized, of the schedules used in the collection of the statistics, and of the published reports, it appears: First, that in addition to other lines of investigation the state offices collect information concerning manu- factures and labor and wages, and that the schedules used in collecting these statistics are in many respects similar to those used by the Federal Government in taking the census of manufactures. Second, that the most noticeable and extensive duplications in statis- tical work occur when the Federal Government takes a general census and the states are engaged in either a general or a partial census of the same nature and cov- ering the same period. Third, that while the sched- ules used in the different states are apparently designed to develop the same general facts and are similar, they differ in certain important details. Of the prerequisites for the unification of statistical work, the adoption of a uniform schedule is probably the most important. It certainty lies at the base of uniformity in results. Not only this, but it tends to acquaint manufacturers with the class of information they will be required to furnish from time to time to both Federal and state officials, and it is reasonable to suppose that they will be better prepared to supply it when called upon.^ Eecognizing the desirability of coordinating the schedules, the Bureau of the Census consulted the state bureaus in regard to the inquiries for the census of 1905, and it was tentatively agreed by the officials of the majority that the schedule formu- lated as the result of this consultation should be used for all inquiries on the general subject of manufactures. In furtherance of the scheme of cooperation, the 1 Twentieth Annual Convention of the Association of Officials of Bureaus of Labor Statistics of America, Concord, N. H July 12 1904. ' • ' SCOPE OF THE CENSUS. XXXI Federal Office worked as far as possible in collaboration with the statistical offices of the states in which a cen- sus of manufactures was taken under authority of the state laws. It was with this end in view that the law of March 1, 1904, was enacted by Congress providing: That the Director of the Census is hereby authorized and empow- ered to cooperate with the secretary of state of the State of Michigan in talving the census of manufactures and shall equitably share the expenses thereof, the results of which may be accepted by the United States as its census of manufactures for that state for the year nineteen hundred and five: Provided, That the expenditures inci- dent to this cooperation shall not exceed twenty thousand dollars, such expenditures to be paid from the fund appropriated for the expenses of the field work of the census, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and five. And the Director of the Census may, in his discretion, cooperate with the officials of other States which take a like census in so far as it may aid in the collection of statistics of manufactures required by existing law. As previously mentioned, the state census of Michi- gan was taken in conf ormity wdth the state law of June 7, 1901. The Federal and state agents worked to- gether in collecting reports; the results were compiled by the Bureau of the Census and published in the form of a bulletin, copies being placed at the disposal of the state officials. Enabling legislation was also enacted by the legis- lature of Massachusetts. The act providing for taking the decennial census of the commonwealth, approved June 4, 1904, contains the following provision: The government of the United States having provided that the United States census office may cooperate with the statistical bu- reaus in the several states, the United States Census office to bear the expense of the field-work in gathering statistics of manufactures, the chief of the bureau of statistics of labor is hereby authorized to contract with the director of the United States census for the ren- dering of such service, the contract to be subject to the approval of the governor and council. In case the gathering of the statistics of manufactures by the United States should cover the calendar year nineteen hundred and four instead of the year nineteen hun- dred and five, as hereinbefore provided, the statistics of manufac- tures shall be taken as for the time provided in the contract made with the director of the census. Under authority of this law and the act of Congress .referred to, the chief and the chief clerk of the bureau of statistics of labor of Massachusetts were appointed special agents of the Bureau of the Census and had supervision of the canvass which was made by local special agents. Of these agents, two-thirds were ap- p^ointed and paid by the Bureau of (he Census and one- third by the bureau of statistics of labor, which also allowed the use of its office and facilities without ex- pense to the Federal Government. As in the case of Michigan, the schedules were forwarded to the Bureau of the Census, where the tabulations were made and the results furnished the state bureau. The following joint resolution of the legislature of the state of Iowa, in which a census of the population is taken and certain other statistics collected every tenth year, permitted collaboration in making a census of manufactures of that state : Be it resolved hy the General Assembly of the State of Iowa: That whereas, the acts of Congress of the United States approved March 3, 1899, and March 6, 1902, respectively, provide, that in the MFG — PT 1 — 07 iii year 1900, and every ten years thereafter, and also in the year 1905, and every ten years thereafter, there shall be a collection of the statistics of manufactures; and whereas, the collection of the sta- tistics referred to in said acts extends to and includes the state of Iowa; thi.'refore, the commissioner of the bureau of labor statistics, be, and he is hereby, authorized and instructed to cooperate with, the Bureau of tlie Census of the United States in the collection of said statistics, and assist in every manner possible, either in his capacity as commissioner or otherwise, in making said collection a thorough enumeration of the manufacturing industries of this state. And the said commissioner of the bureau of labor statistics is hereby authorized and directed to make any cliange or modification of the schedules or methods of tabulation now used by him, or in the periods covered by his biennial reports, and the dates of their pub- lication, which this resolution may make necessary. It was found practicable for the regular employees of the Bureau of the Census and a few local agents to canvass the state without the assistance of state agents, and therefore cooperation with the state officials in the fieldwork was not necessary. The results, however, were placed at the disposal of the state office at the earliest practicable date and were published in the state census volume and in the report of the bureau of labor statistics. In some states the officials had contemplated a cen- sus of manufactures, but abandoned the project and accepted the results of the Federal census. In addition to collaboration between the Federal and state governments in the preparation of the schedules and cooperation in the enumeration, some of the state bureaus furnished the Federal Office with copies of their lists of manufacturing establishments, which were of great assistance in perfecting the lists for the entire country. On the other hand, after the completion of the canvass, the Federal Office furnished these bureaus with copies of the completed lists as corrected by the field agents. The Federal Office made a special tabulation of cer- tain data desired by the officials of some of the states, and supplied them with detailed information of the Federal reports which they published in advance. One of the state bureaus obtained from the manufac- turers authority permitting the Federal Bureau to fur- nish it copies of the schedules. This enabled the state bureau to add more details to its files than had ever been possible under the application of state laws. In all cases where it was desired the state bureaus were furnished with advanced copies of the reports of the Federal census, to be used in their annual reports as they deemed advisable. LIMITATIONS OF CENSUS STATISTICS. The primary object of the census is to show the extent of the manufactures in the country, the states, the minor civil divisions, and the industries. This is accomplished by obtaining from, each manufacturing establishment information concerning the amount of capital invested, the number of persons employed, the amount paid in wages, the miscellaneous expenses, the cost of materials used, the value of products, etc. Incidental to the collection of the general data, de- XXXll MANUFACTURES. tailed information was obtained concerning the horse- power used, the time the estabhshments were in opera- tion, and the weekly earnings of wage-earners, and for some of the more important industries, statistics were secured showing the quantity and value of the different materials used and the products manufactured. Although certain limitations are necessarily placed upon the use of the statistics, the figures can be accepted as indicating the growth and relative importance of the states, cities, and different sections of the country in manufactures, and also the growth and relative impor- tance of the different industries in the country as a whole and in political and civil subdivisions. The statistics have these principal limitations : 1 . They relate to all establishments that were in op- eration during any portion of the year ending Decem- ber 31, 1904, and do not, therefore, represent a full year's operation for every establishment. Moreover, establishments were allowed to make reports for the business year which most nearly conformed to the cen- sus year, so that even when a full year is covered it is not always the calendar year. 2. They do not furnish complete information con- cerning the possible or relative advantages of manufac- turing in the different sections of the country, or in one industry as compared with another. 3. They do not disclose the profits of manufacture nor the exact relation of the cost of manufacture to the value of products. The census inquiry was designed to obtain a statement of the important items which con- stitute the great part of the cost of manufacturing, but there are many other expenses which were not taken into consideration, such as depreciation of plant, inter- est on capital owned, and losses by bad debts. 4. They can not be used to compute the true average amount of capital required in practice to produce a given product, because of the differing elements in capital and in value of products. 5. They can not be used to compute the average an- nual earnings except for an artificial unit and in the manner shown in the section on "average annual earnings" in Chapter V, where the limitations are fully discussed. 6. They can not be used to compute the average value of products per wage-earner, because of the un- certainties that have attended the computation of the average number of wage-earners employed during the year and the differences in the methods that have been used in returning the value of products. Averages. — All averages are in a sense fictitious. They can never wholly take the place of facts, but they have a value and are sometimes very practical, in that they serve a specific purpose. The mind, for certain purposes, must be assisted in reaching a conclusion, and an average furnishes this assistance. In census statis- tics, as elsewhere, the average is never the actual expe- rience of any establishment; it represents a composite establishment, resembling the actual establishments as much as, and no more than, a composite photograph of persons resembles the various individuals which it rep- resents. The average is helpful when computed from the best elements that can be obtained, when it serves a purpose of information or comparison, and when it is properly employed in a proper field. If its founda- tion is deficient, this should be strengthened; if this is difficult from the nature of the work, as in a general census, the difficulty should be plainly stated, and if averages are computed their limitations should be clearly presented.^ Certain census averages, such as the average amount of capital required for a product of a given value and the average value of products per wage-earner, have been presented in Census reports, but have been ac- companied with a statement of the limitations that attach to them and cautions to the public against their unqualified use. Notwithstanding these expressed limitations and cautions, the averages have frequently been used without qualification by writers and others to confirm their conclusions. Other Census data have been used as the basis of computations showing alleged net profits of manufacturers, and the percentages of the gross and net products to be assigned to capital and to labor, respectively, and also in attempting to establish or to refute various other economic postu- lates. It is impossible at a general census of all manufac- tures to collect from every establishment sufficiently exact figures concerning income and expenses to jus- tify their use for the purposes indicated. In many instances manufacturing is carried on in connection with mining, transportation, a mercantile business, or some other industry, and the expenses and income of the entire business are so blended that an exact segre- gation of the figures for manufactures can not be made. Many establishments do not keep book accounts in such a way that all of the Census data can be secured, and there were in 1905 many reports for which it was necessary to make more or less careful estimates for some parts. These estimates were, in the majority of instances, prepared by the proprietors or other per- sons in authority who were familiar with the opera- tions of the establishments during the census year, and they are sufficiently exact to justify their inclusion in an aggregate to show the magnitude and relative im- portance of the different industries and of all industries in the different states. 1 The mean is a single fictitious value substituted for a plurality of actual values. It stands to reason, therefore, that the former can not take the place of the latter for general purposes any more than the center of gravity can for purposes in general take the place of the sys- tem of material points to which it corresponds. — Dr. John Venn, D. Sc, F. R. S., "On the Nature and Use of Averages," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Vol. LIV, page 432. The mean of statistics is a description, a representative quantity put for a whole group, the best representative of the group; that quantity which, if we must in practice put one quantity for many, minimizes the error unavoidably attending such practice * * * statistics are different originals affording one "generic portrait." Mr. Edge worth on "The Theory of Errors of Observation and the First Principles of Statistics," Cambridge Philosophical Society, Transactions, Vol. XIV, pages 139 and 140. SCOPE OF THE CENSUS. XXXIU The only practical method of obtaming statistics to be used in making calculations, such as those for net profits and percentages of product assigned to labor and capital, is to confine the canvass to the enumera- tion of a comparatively few typical factories where good systems of bookkeeping are followed and for which complete information on uniform lines can be secured. Relation of capital to -product. — The limitations and de- fects of the statistics of capital are explained on page Ixiv. Except for a few industries the total does not include the value of rented land and buildings. Therefore two establishments having an annual product of about the same value might report widely divergent amounts as capital, because one manufacturer owned the land, buildings, and machinery, and included their value in the capital reported to the Census, while the other rented equally valuable land, buildings, and machinery, and did not include their value in the capital reported. A computation of the average amount of capital required for a product of a given value based on a combination of the reports for these two establishments would have no significance, because it would not be an indication yf the average conditions prevailing in either class of establishments. To make the statistics for these establishments uniform, the capital represented by the rent paid should be included in the total capital. The totals for the United States show $73,267,209 as paid by manufacturers for rent of land, buildings, and ma- chinery during the year. If the value of the property represented by this expense were included in the cap- ital, the total would indicate more nearly the correct amount of capital invested in manufactures. Another reason why the amount of capital required for a product of a given value can not be calculated from the Census statistics is found in the fact that the value of products does not represent an output for the same period of time for all establishments. Many establishments were in active operation during only a portion of the year, while the majority were in opera- tion during the entire period of twelve months. There- fore two establishments with practically the same capital might report a widely divergent proportion of product, because one was in operation a few weeks and the other the entire year. A computation based on the combination of such reports would have no eco- nomic value. The difference in the methods of report- ing the value of products is a further reason for not using the value to compute averages of this character. Some establishments report the selling value, while others report the value at the factory, and others the factory cost.^ For further explanation of the limitations upon the use of Census statistics reference should be made to Part I of the Report on Manufactures Twelfth Census. 1 See page cvii. COMPARISON WITH PRIOR CENSUSES. The measurement of growth is one of the most im- portant uses that can be made of the statistics of manufactures, and when possible the figures have been presented in comparative tables which embrace data reported at previous censuses. Unfortunately it has been necessary to place certain restrictions on the application of the data presented at the various cen- suses. A full explanation is given of these restrictions in the analysis of the statistics for the Twelfth Census,^ and, as the schedule for the census of 1905 was in all important particulars a duplicate of the one used at the former census, it is not necessary to repeat the explanations. Naturally the statistics presented at the census of 1900 and the statistics of 1905 are not comparable, for the former covered all kinds of manufacturing and mechanical establishments, while the latter were limited to manufacturing establishments conducted under what is known as the factory system. It has there- fore been necessary to reduce the totals for 1900 to a comparative basis by excluding the figures for estab- lishments and industries of the classes omitted in 1905. This revision of the statistics has made necessary a great deal of work. For example, to prepare com- parative totals for flour and grist mills and for lumber mills, it has been necessary to examine all of the re- ports for the Twelfth Census and make a new tabula- tion; omitting the reports for all mills engaged exclu- sively in custom grinding or in custom sawing, unless the quantity of products reached a million feet. Such a tabulation could not be made for earlier censuses, as the schedules for some of them are not available and those for others do not contain an inquiry that would develop the fact that the establishments were custom mills. For the industries in which all of the es- tablishments are of the character necessarily included in a factory census, comparison can be made with the census of 1900 and with prior censuses. In Table 1, which presents a comparison for the industries at each census from 1880 to 19Q5, the mechanical trades have been omitted and the totals for 1900 have been revised, by omitting establishments such as the custom grist and saw mills, so as to make the figures more nearly comparable with those for 1905; but for 1880 and 1890 the totals for these and other neighborhood industries, reported as a part of factory classifications, have been reproduced as printed, and consequently the comparison is not exact. As explained on page xxxv, the defect consists principally in the number of establishments. Changes in the inquiries of the schedules for differ- ent censuses affect the comparisons and should be considered. Statistics concerning live capital — that 2 Twelfth Census, Manufactures, Part I, page Ixi. XXXIV MANUFACTURES. is, cash on hand, bills receivable, unsettled ledger accounts, raw materials, stock in process of manu- facture, finished products on hand, and other sun- dries — were first called for at the census of 1890. At the census of 1890 the number and salaries of proprietors and firm members actively engaged in the business or in supervision were reported and combined with the corresponding items for clerks and other officials. In cases where proprietors and firm mem- bers were reported without salaries, the amount that would ordinarily be paid for similar services was esti- mated. At the censuses of 1900 and 1905 the number of proprietors and firm members actively engaged in the industry or in supervision was ascertained, but no salaries were reported for this class. It is therefore impossible to compare the number and salaries of salaried officials of any character except for the last two censuses. Furthermore, the schedules for 1890 included in the wage-earning class, overseers, foremen, and superin- tendents (not general superintendents or managers), while the censuses of 1900 and 1905 separated from the wage-earners such salaried employees as general superintendents, clerks, and salesmen. It is possible and probable that this change in the form of the ques- tion has resulted in eliminating from this class at the censuses of 1900 and 1905 many high-salaried em- ployees included in that group at the census of 1890. The inquiries relating to employees and wages were changed in 1900, in order to eliminate defects found to exist in the form of inquiry adopted in 1890. At the census of 1890 the average number of persons em- ployed during the entire year was called for, and also the average number employed at stated weekly rates of pay, and the average number was computed for the actual time the establishments were reported as being in operation. At the censuses of 1900 and 1905 the greatest and least numbers of employees were reported, and also the average number employed during each month of the year. The average number of wage- earners (men, women, and children) employed during the entire year was ascertained by using 12, the num- ber of calendar months, as a divisor into the total of the average numbers reported for each month. OHAPTEE II. SUMilARY OF RESULTS. FACTORY INDUSTRIES. As previously explained, the census of 1905 is the &st Federal census of manufactures that has been confined to establishments conducted under what is known as the factory system. In the revision of the statistics for 1900 to make them comparable with those for the census of 1905 it was necessary to omit wholly the data for establishments comprising the group of "hand trades," and to eliminate the statistics for establishments such as the custom grist and saw mills, which were engaged exclusively in neighborhood production, although formerly the statistics for them and the factories producing the same products were combined. Of the 512,254 establishments included in the re- ports of the census of 1900, the statistics for 304,692 have been eliminated. While the number of establish- ments thus deducted formed 59.5 per cent of the total number reported, the number of wage-earners em- ployed in them formed only 11.2 per cent of all the wage-earners, and the value of products, only 12.3 per cent of the value reported for aU establishments, which the other items formed unimportant proportions of the corresponding totals. Therefore the exclusion of the reports for these establishments has very slight effect on the statistics, except to decrease the number of establishments. The direct comparisons, so far as the totals for all in- dustries are concerned, are confined to the censuses of 1900 and 1905 and show the increase in the factory industries of the country for the period of about four and a half years. The results are summarized ia the following comparative table: Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, URBAN AND RURAL: 1905 AND 1900. Number of establishments •. Capital Salaried officials, clerks, etc., number. Salaries Wage-earners, average number Total wages Men 16 years and over Wages Women 16 years and over Children under 16 years Wages Miscellaneous expenses Cost of materials used Value of products, including custom work and repairing 1905 216, 262 $12,686,265,673 519,761 $574,761,231 5,470,321 82,611,540,532 4,244,538 $2,266,273,317 1,065,884 $317,279,008 159,899 $27,988,207 81,455,019,473 88,603,949,756 $14,802,147,087 1900 207,562 88,978,825,200 364, 202 8380,889,091 4,716,023 $2,009,735,799 3,635,236 $1,736,347,184 918,611 8248,814,074 161,276 $24,574,541 $905,600,225 86,677,614,074 811,411,121,122 Per cent of in- crease. 4.2 41.3 42.7 60.9 16.0 29.9 16.8 30.5 16.0 27.5 '0.9 13.9 60.7 29.3 1905 113, 101 $8,566,221,283 386, 713 $438,686,154 3,624 829 $1,796,277,612 2,689,883 $1,521,141,741 836,836 $266,932,764 98, 110 $18,203,117 $1,110,261,278 $5,849,805,632 29.7 i 1810,310,285, 063 1900 $6,382, $301, 3. 81,417: % $1, 196, $203, $16, $722: 84,656 106,513 432,476 280,322 509,265 154,911 123,370 325,086 960,707 731, 101 806,579 98,724 356,084 298,983 ,459,784 $8,141,364,056 Per cent of in- crease. 6.2 34.2 38.0 46.5 14.9 26.8 15.7 27.1 14.6 26.1 20.6 11.3 53.7 25.6 26.6 1905 103, 161 $4,120j044,390 133,038 8136,076,077 1,845,492 $815,262,920 1,554,655 $745,131,576 229,048 860,346,254 61, 789 $9,785,090 $344,7.58,195 $2,664,144,224 $4,491,862,024 1900 Per cent of in- crease. 101,049 $2,596,392,725 83,880 $79,379,826 1,660,112 $592,612,429 1,310,160 $539,386,477 187,410 $46,007,495 62,652 88,218,467 $183,301,242 $1,921,154,290 $3,269,757,067 2.1 58.7 58.6 71.4 18.3 37.6 18.7 38.1 22.2 34.1 n.2 19.1 88.1 38.2 37.4 1 Includes municipalities having a population in 1900 of at least 8,000, As compared with the totals for the fiscal year ending May 31, 1900, the factory industries of the country dur- ing the calendar year 1904 increased 8,700, or 4.2 per cent, in the number of establishments; 13,707,440,473, or 41.3 per cent, in the capital invested; 755,298, or 16 per cent, in the number of wage-earners employed; $601,804,733, or 29.9 per cent, in the amount paid as wages; and $3,391,025,965, or 29.7 per cent, in the value of products. The value of products given in this and all other tables, unless otherwise specified, is the gross value and contains the duplications and uncer- tainties referred to in the discussion of products. ' ' See pages cvii and cviii. 2 Decrease. Since 1900 there has been an increase in the manu- factures of the country as a whole. The capital in- vested, number of persons employed, wages paid, and value of products have been in excess of those for the preceding census year. Between 1900 and 1905 there were short periods of depression for some industries, but there was no period of general industrial depres- sion. Such depressions have occurred during most of the preceding intercensal periods, and comparison has shown the result of gains after the depression, rather than the accumulation of constant increases. There- fore, while each census has indicated a gain in the mag- nitude of the manufactures of the country, the showing (xxxv) XXXVl MANUFACTURES. may have been due, to some extent at least, to the fact that each census covered a prosperous business year. Since the census of 1905 is the first quinquennial cen- sus, there are no statistics on which to base compari- sons of increase for the same period of time. The enu- meration at periods of five years wdh lead to a truer average of the increase or decrease for a cycle of years of the factory industries than would be possible if the ten-year period were continued. It is impossible to correct the totals published at cen- suses prior to 1900 for all manufacturing and mechan- ical industries so that they will be comparable with the totals for the factory industries of 1905. It is essen- tial, however, to present statistics indicative of the increase in the manufactures of the country for earlier years, and this is done in Table 1, which shows the total for each specified industry for each census from 1880 to 1905. For the well-defined factory industries, such as the textiles, boots and shoes, glass, and iron and steel, the comparison is as satisfactory for the earlier censuses as for the censuses of 1900 and 1905; but for some indus- tries, such as the manufacture of flour and grist mill products, lumber and timber products, and harness and saddlery, the comparison is not exact, because the totals for the censuses prior to 1900 include re- ports for the small custom mills and neighborhood shops, which are excluded from the totals for 1900 and 1905. FACTORY, NEIGHBORHOOD, AND MECHANICAL INDUSTRIES. The exclusion of the establishments engaged in the neighborhood and mechanical industries from the sta- tistics for 1905 makes it impossible to supply compar- ative data for the total of all industries reported at prior censuses unless the statistics for the neighborhood , and mechanical industries are estimated. There are several methods that could be followed in making this estimate, but two are direct and easy of application. Except as to the number of establishments it may be assumed that since 1900 the neighborhood and mechan- ical industries have increased at the same ratio as all industries during the decade ending with that year, or that these industries have increased at the same ratio as the factory industries since 1900. There is a certain interdependence of the factory and the neighbor- hood and mechanical industries, and it is fair to assume that the increase of the factory industries since 1900 is a better indication of the conditions that have pre- vailed in the neighborhood and mechanical industries during this period than could be gathered from the in- crease during the ten years preceding. Therefore the totals for the neighborhood and mechanical industries for 1905, which are included in the following compara- tive table, have been estimated by the application of the corresponding percentages shown in Table i for the factorv industries: Table II.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY OF ALL INDUSTRIES— FACTORY, MECHANICAL, AND NEIGHBORHOOD— WITH PER CENT OF INCREASE FOR EACH CENSUS PERIOD: 1860 TO 1905. [Figures for mechanical and neigtil)Orhood industries, 1905, are estimates based on percentages of increase over 1900 shown for factory industries. Table I.l etc., Number of establishments. Capital Salaried officials, clerks, number Salaries Wage-earners, average number.. Total wages Men 16 years and over Wages Women 16 years and over. . . Wages Children under 16 years Wages Miscellaneous expenses Cost of materials used Value of products, including cus- tom worlt and repairing 533,769 S13,873,D35,371 566,175 ,200,251 ,157,751 ,711,706 ,801,096 ,764,515 194,083 ,992,855 167,066 328,667 ,603,535 619,851 S609 6 83,016 4 $2,631 1 S350: J29 81,651 SO, 497. 516,866,706,985 512,254 $9,817,434,799 396,759 $403,711,233 5,308,406 $2,322,333,877 4,110,527 $2,016,677,789 1,029,296 $279,994,396 168,683 $25,661,692 $1,027,755,778 $7,345,413,651 $13,004,400,143 1880 355,415 253,852 $6,525,156,486 $2,790,272,606 = 461,009 m ! $391,988,208 (') 4,251,613 2,732,595 $1,891,228,321 $947,963,796 3,327,042 2,019,035 $1,659,234,483 ffl 803,686 631,639 $215,367,976 P) 120,885 181,921 816,626,862 (■') $631,225,035 (=) $5,162,044,076 S3, 396,823, .549 1870 252,148 $2,118,208,769 2,053,996 $775,584,343 1,615, .598 m 323,770 P) 114,628 (') W 1860 140,433 $1,009,856,716 P) P) 1,311,246 $378,878,966 1,040,349 (») 270,897 (') m m (=) 82,488,427,242 , $1,031,605,092 $9,372,437,283 .?6,3(il),579,191 [ $4,232,325,442 $1,885,861,676 PEE CENT OF INCEEASE. 1900 to 1905 4.2 41.3 42.7 50.9 16.0 29.9 16.8 30.5 16.0 27.6 <0.9 13.9 60.7 29.3 29.7 1890 to 1900 44.1 50.5 U3.9 3.0 24.9 22.8 23.5 21.6 28.1 30.0 39.5 54.3 62.8 42.3 38.8 1880 to 1890 133.! 65.6 99.6 64.8 51.2 52.0 1870 to 1880 0.7 31.7 33.0 22.2 26.0 64.2 "58.'7 1860 to 1870 79.6 109.8 66.6 104.7 55.3 19.5 124.4 J Totals for 1900 and 1905 are exclusive of statistics for governmental establishments and for Hawaii. 2 Includes proprietors and firm members, with their salaries; number only reported in 1900 and 1905, but not included in this table. 3 Not reported separately. * Decrease. s Not reported. Although the schedules of inquiry used at the cen- suses of 1900 and 1905 were practically identical, cer- tain changes made in the schedules used at the cen- suses of 1900 and 1890 affect the comparison with prior censuses, as shown in Chapter I. As explained in the introduction to Part I of the Twelfth Census Report on Manufactures, the statistics for each census must be accepted with many qualifica- tions. To these qualifications must be added the possi- bility of under or over estimating the importance of the neighborhood and mechanical industries for the cen- sus of 1905. Establishments with an annual product of less than $500, and manufacturing operations car- ried on by governmental, educational, eleemosynary, SUMMARY OF RESULTS. xxxvu and penal institutions, have been excluded from all totals for the census of 1905. The increase in manufactures up to 1900 is treated in the reports of the Twelfth Census, a general survey being given in Manufactures, Part I. The short period between the censuses of 1900 and 1905 was characterized not only by an increase in manufactures as a whole, but by the development of some new, and the great expansion of some of the older industries, also by the decrease in certain lines of manufacture and a change m the geographic center of others. These facts are developed in the following discussion, and also in the reports on the manufactures of the different states given in Part II and on selected industries. CONDENSED STATEMENT. There were 207,562 establishments engaged in man- ufactures in 1900 and 216,262 establishments at the census of 1905, a net increase of 8,700, or 4.2 per cent. The greatest increase in number occurred in the manu- facture of bread and other bakery products, and the greatest decrease, in the manufactiu-e of lumber and timber products. The extent to which manufactures were controlled hj large establishments is shown by the fact that although the 24,181 establishments reported with products valued at $100,000 and over formed but 11.2 per cent of the total number, they controlled 81.5 per cent of the capital, employed 71.6 per cent of the wage-earners, and produced 79.3 per cent of the value of products. All establishments reported in the fol- lowing industries had products valued at 1100,000 and over: Belting and hose, rubber; glucose; locomotives; smelting and refining, zinc. Of the total number of establishments reported at the census of 1905, 113,101, or 52.3 per cent, were located in municipalities with a population of 8,000 and over, according to the census of 1900. These urban establishments reported 3,624,829 wage-earners, or 66.3 per cent of the total number employed, and prod- ucts valued at $10,310,285,063, or 69.7 per cent of the total value of aU products. At the census of 1900, 106,513 establishments, or 51.3 per cent of the total number enumerated, were located in these urban cen- ters, and they gave employment to 3,154,911 wage- earners, or 66.9 per cent of the total number employed, and reported products valued at $8,141,364,055, or 71.3 per cent of the value of all products. Of the 216,262 establishments reporting for the United States, 19,679, or 9.1 per cent, reported no wage-earners; 76,193, or 35.2 per cent, reported less than 5; 67,577, or 31.2 per cent, from 5 to 20; and 26,492, or 12.2 per cent, from 21 to 50. The number reporting from 501 to 1,000 wage-earners was 1,237, or six-tenths of 1 per cent; whUe only 536, or two-tenths of 1 per cent, reported over 1,000. The industry show- ing the largest number of establishments having under 5 wage-earners was bread and other bakery products, and that showing the largest number having over 1,000 wage-earners was cotton goods. The number of establishments under each form of ownership in 1905 and the proportion the number forms of the whole number tabulated are as foUows: Individual, 113,961 establishments, or 52.7 per cent of the whole number; firm, 47,942, or 22.2 per cent; incorporated company, 51,156, or 23.6 per cent; and miscellaneous, 3,203, or 1.5 per cent. At the census of 1905 the value of the manufac- tured products reported by incorporated companies was $10,912,080,421, or 73.7 per cent of the total; $2,132,619,830, or 14.4 per cent, was reported for firms; $1*702,980,808, or 11.5 per cent, for individu- als; and $54,466,028, or only four-tenths of 1 per cent, for establishments in thfe miscellaneous class of ownership. The $12,686,265,673 shown as the amount of capital invested in manufacturing industries in 1905 is an increase of $3,707,440,473, or 41.3 per cent, over that reported in 1900. There were 225,704 proprietors and firm members reported at the census of 1905, and the salaried em- ployees and wage-earners numbered 5,990,072. The total salaries and wages paid during the census year amounted to $3,186,301,763. The number of em- ployees was 17.9 per cent and the salaries and wages, 33.3 per cent greater than the corresponding items for 1900. Of the total number employed, as returned at the census of 1905, 519,751, or 8.7 per cent, were salaried employees, and they received salaries amounting to $574,761,231, or 18 per cent of the total paid all em- ployees. In 1900 the salaried employees formed 7.2 per cent of the total number of employees and re- ceived 15.9 per cent of the total salaries and wages. The increases in 1905 over 1900 were 42.7 per cent in the number of salaried persons employed and 50.9 per cent in the amount of money paid them. Of the total amount reported at the census of 1905 as ex- pended in salaries, 93.5 per cent was paid to men including the officers of corporations for which a few women were reported, and 6.5 per cent, to women. The average number of wage-earners employed during the entire year increased from 4,715,023 at the census of 1900 to 5,470,321 at the census of 1905. Of the number for 1905, 3,624,829, or 66.3 per cent, were employed in urban and 1,845,492, or 33.7 per cent, in rural districts, the corresponding percentages for 1900 being 66.9 and 33.1. The increase for the urban districts was 469,918, or 14.9 per cent, and that for the rural, 285,380, or 18.3 per cent. The manufacture of lumber and timber products gave employment to the largest average number of wage-earners and whalebone cutting, to the smallest. XXXVlll MANUFACTURES. The following five industries each employed over 200,000 wage-earners: Lmnber and timber products Foundry and machine shops (including locomotives and stoves and furnaces) Cotton goods (including cotton small wares) Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam railroad companies Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Average number of wage- earners. 404, 626 402, 914 315,874 236, 900 207, 562 The greatest number of wage-earners employed at any one time during the year was 7,017,138 and the least, 4,599,091. The four leading states, in the order of their importance . as to the greatest number of wage-earners employed at any one time were: New York, with 1,075,570; Pennsylvania, with 924,685; Massachusetts, with 578,208; and Illinois, with 478,488. Of the total number of wage-earners for all indus- tries in the United States, 4,244,538, or 77.6 per cent, were men; 1,065,884, or 19.5 per cent, were women; and 159,899, or 2.9 per cent, were children under 16 years of age. Men were employed in all of the industries. The average number increased from 3,635,236 at the cen- sus of 1900 to 4,244,538 at the census of 1905, the increase being 609,302, or 16.8 per cent. The great- est increase is shown for the industry "cars and gen- eral shop construction and repairs by steam railroad companies." The largest average number by indus- tries was reported for the manufacture of lumber and timber products; the largest average by months, for the month of October; and the largest average by states, for New York. Manufacturing establishments in urban districts reported 2,689,883, or 63.4 per cent, and those in rural districts, 1,554,655, or 36.6 per cent of the total number of men employed as wage-earners. Women were reported for 315 industries. The average number increased from 918,511 at the census of 1900 to 1,065,884 at the census of 1905, the in- crease being 147,373, or 16 per cent. The greatest increase is shown for the manufacture of cigars and cigarettes. Children were reported for 315 of the industries. The average number of children employed decreased from 161,276 in 1900 to 159,899 in 1905, the decrease being 1,377, or nine-tenths of 1 per cent. A decrease in the emplojrment of children is shown for 25 states and territories and an increase for 26. The greatest decrease occiirred in Illinois, which showed 9,943 children employed in 1900 and only 4,946 in 1905, a decrease of 4,997, or 50.3 per cent. The greatest in- crease is shown for the manufacture of cigars and cigarettes. The largest average number was reported for the state of Pennsylvania. The largest average number by industries was shown for the manufacture of cotton goods during the month of December. The month of greatest average employment for children in all industries was September. The total wages distributed among wage-earners during the census year 1900 was $2,009,735,799, while the amount shown at the census of 1905 was $2,611,540,532, an increase of $601,804,733, or 29.9 per cent. The proportion of the total wages paid men, women, and children at the census of 1900 was 86.4, 12.4, and 1.2 per cent, respectively, as compared with 86.8, 12.1, and 1.1 per cent at the census of 1905. For the United States as a whole the three months constituting the busy season were September, Octo- ber, and November. The average number employed per month during this period was 5,625,542, exceed- ing the average number for the entire year by 155,221. Of the principal industries, the greatest variation in employment at different seasons of the year is shown for the canning industry, in which the average num- ber of wage-earners ranged from 12,170 in February to 145,911 in September. The least variation is shown for the tanning and currying of leather, the highest average, 57,718, being for March, and the lowest, 56,121, for January. Of the 216,262 establishments reporting, only 1,883 failed to return the number of days in operation. Those reporting from 301 to 330 days constituted the largest number — 79,532, or 37.1 per cent of those re- porting days in operation. The next largest number — 67,492, or 31.6 per cent — reported from 271 to 300 days. The number in operation 30 days or less was 1,760, or eight-tenths of 1 per cent; while 6,104, or 2.8 per cent, operated from 331 to 366 days. The total reported for miscellaneous expenses at the census of 1905 was $1,455,019,473, an increase of $549,419,248, or 60.7 per cent, over the total for 1900. This large increase is due in part to an increase in expenditures for advertising and to the inclusion of selling expenses which may not have been reported to such an extent in 1900. The $8,503,949,756 reported as cost of materials used during the year was composed of $3,141,134,590 for materials used in the raw state, $4,917,612,779 for partially manufactured materials, and $445,202,- 387 for fuel, mill supplies, freight, etc. The aggregate cost for 1905 is an increase of $1,926,335,682, or 29.3 per cent, over the total for 1900. The cost of mate- rials used in the raw state increased 36.2 per cent; that of materials used in partially manufactured form, 26.4 per cent; and that of fuel, mill supphes, freight, etc., 17.1 per cent. In a number of industries no raw materials whatever were reported as having been used, but in all indus- tries partially manufactured materials were reported. The largest amount expended for raw materials was reported by establishments engaged in the manufac- ture of flour and grist mill products. SUMMARY OF RESULTS. XXXIX The primary sources of the raw materials ranked as follows, according to cost: From the farm, 79.4 per cent; from mines and quarries, 15 per cent; from the forest, 5.2 per cent; and from the sea, four-tenths of 1 per cent. At the census of 1900 the rank was: Farm, 81.2 per cent; mines and quarries, 13.4 per cent; for- est, 5 per cent; and sea, four-tenths of 1 per cent. The greatest absolute increase of expenditure was in those industries depending upon the farm for their raw material and the greatest relative increase in those de- pendiag upon the mine. The value of products reported at the census of 1900 was $11,411,121,122 and the value at the census of 1905 was $14,802,147,087, an increase of $3,391,025,- 965, or 29.7 per cent. As the products of many fac- tories become the materials in other manufactures, this value contains numerous duplications. Deduct- ing these, represented by the $4,980,941,700 reported as the cost of partially naanufactured materials, ia- cluding mill supplies, from the gross value of prod- ucts, $9,821,205,387 remains as the "net or true value." Deducting from this net value the cost of raw mate- rials and adding the cost of mill supplies, the amount remaining— $6,743,399,718— is the "value added to materials by manufacturing processes." This does not take into consideration the partially manufactured arti- cles imported for use in manufactures. Measured by the gross value of products, slaughter- ing and meat packing, wholesale, was the most impor- tant industryin the UnitedStates at the census of 1905; but the greatest absolute increase since 1900 is shown for the manufacture of flour and grist mill products. According to the census of 1905, products valued at over a half billion dollars were manufactured in 5 in- dustries, as follows: Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale, $801,757,137; foundry and machine shop products (including locomotives and stoves and fur- naces), $799,862,588; flour and grist mill products, $713,033,395; iron and steel, steel works and rolling mdls, $673,965,026; and lumber and timber products, $580,022,690. The manufacture of cotton goods (in- cluding cotton small wares) nearly reached the half billion mark, the products being valued at $450,467,- 704. The products of these 6 industries formed 27.2 per cent of the value of products of all the industries reported at the census of 1905. The group of industries classed as "food and kin- dred products" ranked first at the census of 1905, as at that of 1900, in number of establishments, cost of materials used, and gross value of products. ^At both censuses the group " iron and steel and their products" led in capital and wages paid, while textiles led in the average number of wage-earners employed. Of 51 states and territories in the United States, four — New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, and Massa- chusetts — manufactured products valued at over one billion dollars during the census year. Of these states, New York alone had the distinction of passing the two bilHon mark, although Pennsylvania nearly reached this immense total. These states were the most im- portant producers of manufactured commodities in 1900 also. The percentages for the 4 states for 1905 and 1900, respectively, were 39.9 and 40.8 for num- ber of establishments, 45.5 and 45.9 for number of wage-earners, and 47.1 and 48.6 for value of products. According to the census of 1905 the states east of the Mississippi river and north of Mason and Dixon's line and the Ohio river contained 65.5 per cent of the establishments in the United States, gave em- ployment to 74.1 per cent of the number of wage- earners, and reported 73.3 per cent of the total value of products. Of the highly localized principal industries, taking them in the order of greatest localization, the manu- facture of silk and silk goods was centered in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, and Connecticut. These 4 states produced 88.5 per cent of the value of such products. New Jersey leading with 32.2 per cent, and Pennsylvania following with 29.5 per cent. Of the worsted goods, 86.9 per cent of the total value was reported from Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Penn- sylvania, and New Jersey. Massachusetts led with 31.4 per cent, and Rhode Island was second with 26 .8 per cent. The products of blast furnaces were localized in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, and Alabama, the prod- ucts of these states representing 82.9 per cent of the total for the United States. Pennsylvania was first with 46.4 per cent, and Ohio, second with 17.6 per cent. Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, and New York re- ported 82.6 per cent of the value of products of rolling mills and steel works, Pennsylvania leading with 54 per cent, and Ohio ranking second with 16.6 per cent. Of the total value of glass products, 72.7 per cent was made in Pennsylvania, Indiana, Ohio, and New Jersey, the first named state producing 34.8 per cent, and the second, 18.5 per cent. Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and Missouri pro- duced 70.9 per cent of the value of the boots and shoes manufactured, Massachusetts leading with 45.1 per cent, and New York following with 10.7 per cent. Of hosiery and knit goods, 67.6 per cent of the total value of products was reported from New York, Penn- sylvania, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, the propor- tion for New York being 33.8 per cent, and that for Pennsylvania, 22.5 per cent. Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale, was local- ized in Illinois, Kansas, Nebraska, and Missouri, 66.5 per cent of the value of products being returned from these states. Illinois was first with 38.6 per cent, and Kansas was second with 11.8 per cent. Illinois led in the value of agricultural implements manufactured, with 34.3 per cent of the total value of products. New York being second with 11.6 per cent. These states and Ohio and Wisconsin showed 66.4 per cent of the total value of products for the United States. xl MANUFACTURES. Woolen goods to the value of 62.6 per cent of the total value were reported from Massachusetts, Penn- sylvania, Maine, and Connecticut. Massachusetts led with 31.4 per cent, and Pennsylvania was second with 13.5 per cent. Tjeather, tanned, curried, and finished, was reported from Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Wisconsin, and New York, to the value of 59.5 per cent, Pennsylvania leading with 27.5 per cent, and Massachusetts ranking second with 13.2 per cent. The 4 states in which the manufacture of cotton goods was most largely centered were Massachusetts, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Georgia. These states reported 59 per cent of the total value of products in the United States, Massachusetts having 29.2 per cent, and South Carolina, 11.2 per cent. Four Northern states — Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Pennsylvania — produced 48.2 per cent of the total value and 4 Southern states — South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama — 33.6. New York, Massachusetts, Maine, and Wisconsin produced 58.6 per cent of the paper and wood pulp, the percentage for New York being 20 and that for Massachusetts, 17. The aggregate motive power employed in manufac- turing establishments in the United States at the cen- sus of 1905 amounted to 14,641,544 horsepower, an increase of 40.7 per cent over the 10,409,625 horse- power used in 1900. At the census of 1905 the 14,008,639 horsepower reported as owned was divided as follows: 127,425 steam engines, with 10,828,111 horsepower; 19,598 water wheels, with 1,642,035 horse- power; 1,398 water motors, with 5,934 horsepower; 73,120 electric motors, with 1,150,891 horsepower; 21,525 gas and gasoline engines, with 289,514 horse- power; and other kinds of power, with 92,154 horse- power. Power amounting to 632,905 horsepower, of which 441,592 was electric, was rented from other establishments. CHAPTEE III. ESTABLISHMENTS AND CIHARACTER OF OWNERwSHIP. ACTIVE ESTABLISHMENTS. In the reports of the Twelfth Census the term " estabhshment " was defined as "representing one or more mills owned or controlled by one individual, firm, or corporation, located either in the same city or town, or in the same county, and engaged in the same indus- try'."' If the mills were located in different counties or in different cities or towns, the canvass of which was withdrawn from enumerators and placed in the care of special agents, they were necessarily treated as separate establishments, because the statistics were published separately for these civil subdivisions. The county presentation was abandoned at the cen- sus of 1905 and the statistics are published separately only for the different states and for municipalities hav- ing a population of 8,000 and over. Therefore only one report was required for plants operated under the same ownership, engaged in the same industry, and located in the same city, or outside the corporate limits of any city but in the same state or territory, and the data presented in such a consolidated report were accepted and counted as the statistics for a single establishment . But where the plants were engaged in different industries, as defined by the Census classifica- tions, separate reports were required. A prominent instance of this segregation is the separate reports for blast furnaces and rolling mills operated under the same ownership. As a rule, each plant for which returns were made was such as could properly be reported as one establishment and assigned to one of the 339 classifications of industry according to the product of chief value. ^ The "establishment" is a statistical unit, the signifi- cance of which changes to meet the requirements of the different methods of bookkeeping and the practice of the Office in the compilation of the data. There is an increasing tendency in many branches of industry to bring independent manufacturing enterprises under one ownership and direct their operations from a cen- tral'office. This condition increases the cases in which a number of mills or plants are considered as a single establishment by the Census, and in some instances explains the apparent decrease in the number of estab- lishments. 1 Twelfth Census, Manufactures, Part I, page Ixii. ' See page xxvi. Number not significant. — Since the interpretation of the term "establishment" is not always the same, the number of establishments engaged in the various indus- tries is no indication of the magnitude of thoSe indus- tries, nor is it a true guide to the number of buildings, mills, or plants devoted to the industries. However, concentration of ownership and variations in the man- ner of reporting different plants under the same owner- ship as separate establishments, have not entirely destroyed the utility of the unit of measurement. The totals may be accepted as a- general indication of the number of manufacturing enterprises. The apparent increase of 8,700, or 4.2 per cent, in the ntimber of establishments, however, should not be accepted as an indication of the number of enterprises established between the censuses; it is rather an indi- cation of the net gain, which is obtained by adding the new establishments and deducting the old ones that have gone out of existence. New enterprises are con- stantly being established and old ones abandoned. These increases and decreases may exactly offset each other in one industry and maj^ cause a net decrease in another, but in both instances the statistics of capital, employees, wages, and other items may show decided gains, the increases being due to the larger size of the new establishments or the expansion of the old ones. In considering the figures for the different indus- tries, and for cities for which the number of establish- ments is comparativeh' small, and there is little chance for the results of the various methods to balance each other, it must be remembered that a number of appar- ently independent plants may have been counted as a single establishment. Omission, concentration, and removal. — The omission of the neighborhood and mechanical industries has largely eliminated the small shops from the Census reports, but there are very few industries in which there are not some small establishments. The devel- opment of the large plants necessarily tends to con- centrate the production and close out the smaller establishments; therefore the decrease in the number of establishments may be due to the consolidation of formerly independent plants, while the capacity of the plants remains practical^ the same. Some estab- lishments make such a radical change in the class of products between censuses that the report for a sub- sequent census is necessarily assigned to a different (xli) xlii MANUFACTURES. classification of industry from the one in which it was formerly placed. The removal of plants to more desirable localities is also an explanation of the appar- ent decrease in some states and cities. These increases, decreases, consolidations, and removals are only the underlying details in the constant advance of the manufacturing industries of the country. This ad- vance is accompanied by an increase in the total number of establishments for the United States. The totals for the census of 1905, as compared with those for 1900, show an increase of 21,413^ establish- ments in 168 industries, and a decrease of 12,713 establislBnents in 140 industries. In the industries for which a decrease is shown there were 85,519 estab- lishments in 1900 and 72,806 in 1905, a decrease of 14.9 per cent. The following comparative table shows the decrease in the number of establishments for 13 of the industries reporting large decreases: Table III. -Number of establishments in thirteen industries show- ing 'decrease: 1905 and 1900. Total Bookbinding and blank book making Boots and shoes Brick and tile Brooms and brushes Carriages and wagons Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam railroad companies Cheese, butter, and condensed milk Clothing, men's Cooperage Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Limiber and timber products Marble and stone work Shipbuilding 1905 62, 133 1,316 4,634 1,316 4,956 1,141 8,926 4,504 1,617 1,049 19, 127 l,-«42 1,097 60, 782 954 1,599 5,423 1,523 6,204 1,293 9,242 5, 729 1,694 1,306 23,063 1,655 1,107 Decrease. 46 283 789 207 1,248 152 316 1,225 177 267 3,926 13 10 The striking fact in this table is that the decrease in the number of establishments was largest in the indus- tries for which it was difficult to distinguish between the establishments that should be, and those that should not be, included in the factory census of 1905. For example, a decrease of 3,926 is shown in the num- ber of establishments manufacturing "lumber and timber products." This industry as reported at the census of 1900 included the small custom sawmills which constituted a large proportion of the establish- ments. In the reexamination of the schedules for 1900 it was found to be impossible to eliminate exactly the same class of establishments as that excluded from the census of 1905, and it is probable that the revised total for 1900 still includes some small establiehments of the class not enumerated in 1905. This fact, and the fact that there has been an actual decrease in the number of lumber mills in some of the states, accounts for the decrease in the total for the United States. The next largest decrease is in the number of estab- lishments reported for "carriages and wagons." A 'The increase of 21,413 establishments includes 176 classified as "dairymen's, poulterers', and apiarists' supplies." In 1900 these establishments were included in various classifications of mechan- ical industries. number of the establishments included in this classi- fication at the census of 19Q0 were wheelwright or blacksmith shops in which 5 or more vehicles were manufactured on order of customers. In revising the tabulation for comparison with the totals for 1905, the same difficulties were encountered as in the revision of the statistics for the lumber industry. It is probable, however, that there has been an actual decrease in the number of small establishments of the character that should be included in a factory census. Some industries in practically all of the states and territories show a decrease in the number of estab- lishments, but in only 13 states and the District of Columbia are these decreases sufficient to overcome the increases and result in ,a net decrease for all indus- tries in the state or District. The totals for these states and the District are shown in Table iv. Table IV. — Number of establishments in states showing decrease.- 1905 and 1900. STATE. 1905 1900 Decrease. Total 58,236 59,863 1,627 1,882 631 482 7,044 4,785 3,852 10,723 6,464 382 1,618 3,272 13,785 1,617 1,699 2,000 633 491 7,128 4,828 3,886 10,929 6,853 395 1,771 3,465 13,868 1,678 1,938 118 2 9 84 43 Maryland 34 206 389 Montana 13 New Hampshire 153 193 Ohio 83 61 Vermont 239> In each of these states and in the District of Colum- bia the industries showing the largest decreases are those enumerated in 'Table in. The greatest de- crease — 389 establishments — is shown for Missouri and is due largely to the decrease of 397 in the number of establishments reported as manufacturing carriages and wagons, and lumber and timber products. IDLE ESTABLISHMENTS. Instructions to the field force at the Twelfth Census provided that, as far as possible, answers should be obtained to such questions relating to capital and to power and equipment, for the establishments that were idle during the entire year. Returns were secured from 3,864 idle establishments, with a capital of $99,440,311. While the instructions at the census of 1905 were much the same, the changed conditions attending a factory census did not permit of securing returns for all plants that were idle during the entire period of twelve months. At the census of 1900 the reports for establishments in the rural districts were collected by the enumerators when they were enumerating the population and col- lecting the statistics of agriculture. These officers visited every section of the country, and it was com- ESTABLISHMENTS AND CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. xliii paratively easy for them to secure the required reports for idle establishments. The fact that the compen- sation for such partial reports was the same as that for complete reports, was an inducement to secure the information. Of the 3,864 idle establishments enumerated in 1900, about 1,500 were for industries peculiar to the rural districts and 715 for industries omitted from the factory census of 1905. To secure reports for all idle factories at the latter census it would have been necessary for the agents to visit many localities in which there were no active establishments, and, after locating the idle factory, to search for the owner and secure estimates of values, etc. It was decided that the comparatively small economic value of the sta- tistics of capital for such establishments would not justify the large expense incident to their enumera- tion. However, reports were received from 2,330 idle establishments. While it is possible that a more thorough canvass was made of the idle establishments at the census of 1900 than at the census of 1905, it is interesting to compare the results of the two censuses, and this is done in Table v. In this table the totals for 1900 have been reduced by the exclusion, as far as possible, of the statistics for establishments of the class omitted from the factory census of 1905. Table V. — Comparative summary — idle establishments: 1905 andl900. Number of establishments Capital, total Land Buildings Machinery, tools, and implements Cash Number ol establishments reporting power. Horsepower, total Steam Water All other 1905 2,330 8132,898,781 521,208,036 S40, 107, 741 $55, 798, 474 815,784,630 1,675 344, 671 316, 572 17, 132 10, 967 19001 3,149 271,094 614, 430 962, 778 664, 734 029, 152 1,990 203, 774 169, 322 30, 495 3,957 1 Exclusive of the hand trades and neighborhood industries, omitted from census of 1905. It is probable that there were included among the idle establishments some new mills in course of con- struction and not in operation prior to the close of the census year. Moreover, at the census of 1900 the enumerators in the rural districts may have reported as idle some establishments which, while not in oper- ation at the time they called, were nevertheless active at some time during the twelve months and should have been reported as active. This possibility of an inflation of the figures was reduced to the minimum at the census of 1905, because most of the work was done by regular employees of the Ofiice, who appre- ciated the necessity of securing a complete report for every establishment in operation, either on full or partial time, however short. When a large number of idle establishments are reported for an industry, it does not follow that there has been a decrease in the products of that industry. In order to obtain advantages resulting from closer proximity to the source of the raw material used, or to the point of distribution of the finished product, or for other reasons, it is sometimes necessary to change the location of an industry and abandon the plants either temporarily or permanently. In such cases the old plants, if not abandoned, would be enumerated as idle, but the production of the new and possibly larger plants would more than overcome the loss in production that ought apparently to follow an increase in the number of idle plants. A decrease in the capital, employees, wages, or products for an in- dustry may be due to a change in the kind of products made by some of the important establishments. The statistics for industries other than those in which these establishments were formerly employed ■^ill therefore show an increase in the number of establishments, and no idle plants will be reported for the industry from which they have withdrawn and which shows a de- crease in production. This may be illustrated by the bicycle and tricycle industry, which shows a ifery large decrease since 1900. The industry was at its height during and just prior to the year covered by the Twelfth Census, but before the enumeration for the census of 1905 many of the factories had discontinued the manufacture of bicycles and engaged in the manu- facture of automobiles, and in various branches of machine shop work. It is probable that some estab- lishments reported as idle were abandoned and would not again be used for manufacturing. In view of the methods followed in making the enumeration, the statistics for idle establishments should not be accepted as complete at either census, nor as indicating a depressed condition in any branch of industry. Itis impracticable to revise the totals of 1900 for each state by eliminating establishments of the char- acter not reported at the census of 1905. The totals reported at the census of 1900, however, show that Pennsylvania, New York, Washington, Illinois, and Massachusetts, in the order named, reported the largest amounts of idle capital, the total — $41,430,084 — for the 5 states forming 41.7 per cent of the total for the United States. At the census of 1905 the 5 leading states were Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio, Cali- fornia, and Indiana, the idle capital in these states amounting to $69,271,740, or 52.1 per cent of the total. At the census of 1900 the industries with the largest amounts of capital invested in idle establishments were iron and steel, lumber and timber products, brick and tile, paper and wood pulp, and woolen goods, the total xliv MANUFACTURES. for these industries amounting to $48,044^012, or 48.3 per cent of the total for all industries. At the census of 1905 the largest amounts were reported for iron and steel, sugar and molasses refining, cotton goods, beet sugar, and lumber and timber products ; the idle capital for the 5 industries amounting to $69,179,027, or 52.1 per cent of the total for the United States. All of these industries show substantial increases in the production of the active plants since 1900, so the com- paratively large amount of idle capital is no indication of a general depression in any of them. Of the $22,836,548 capital shown for idle blast fur- naces at the census of 1905, $19,456,374, or 85.2 per cent, was reported for the idle plants in Pennsylvania, Alabama, Virginia, New York, New Jersey, and Ohio. The capital represented by the idle steel works and rolling mills in Pennsylvania, Indiana, Ohio, Wisconsin, and New York amounted to- $18,439,971, or 86.8 per cent of the total for the United States. Pennsylvania ranked first in the amount of idle capital reported for both of these branches of the iron and steel industry. The idle capital for cotton factories was con±med largely to plants in the Southern states, the 5 states Virginia, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Mississippi reported $5,054,415, or 69.4 per cent of the total. • The idle lumber mills were well distributed. The largest amount of capital invested in such mills, $710,665, was reported for Louisiana and the next largest, $675,399, for Oregon. The idle capital for these states combined with that reported for Wash- ington, Michigan, Minnesota, Georgia, and Wisconsin amounted to $3,520,423, or 68.8 per cent of the total. Louisiana reported the largest number of idle sugar refineries, but most of them were comparatively small. The major portion of the capital was invested in two large plants in New York and Pennsylvania that were idle during the entire year. The two idle beet sugar factories, representing a capital of $5,276,581, are located in California. Tables vi and vii present the statistics of capital and power equipment for the idle factories reported for each state and each industry at the census of 1905. xlvi MANUFACTURES. Table VI.— SUMMARY OF IDLE ESTABLISHMENTS, 37 STATE OE TEEKITORY. United States Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Indian Territory . . . Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Micliigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oldahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia ! Washington West Virginia Wisconsin! Wyoming Number of estab- lish- ments. 2,330 110 7 126 58 32 79 72 60 35 61 118 50 32 43 3 12 2 16 45 111 69 3 166 6 299 17 19 7 39 40 13 12 51 56 57 90 2 Total. $132, 898, 781 3,770.851 631,877 650 106, 800 8,507,174 3, 700, 393 832, 835 710, 800 337, 445 2,002,518 4, 124, 894 118, 487 7,988,929 780,263 379,343 3,010,440 2,462,626 589,005 637.912 2,912,806 3,041,750 1,928,877 856,648 891,024 1.569,743 505, 850 42,000 172, 668 5,004,241 54,050 11,387,844 1,519,333 23,950 9,168,240 35,800 1,534,002 32,219,553 1,523,677 1,038,457 515,975 •1,001,209 2,311,999 288,675 109,700 4, 704. 192 1,723,935 2, 332, 877 3,.W(i.687 210, 988 821,208,036 727,290 66,250 25 7,240 644,581 162,550 72,576 34,000 14,346 343, 148 1,076,766 8,200 787,687 65,023 35, 302 263, 768 99,660 98,277 224,013 873,969 741,475 736,065 124,527 587,610 9,460 55,860 14,900 20,080 1,067,207 4,180 2, 767, 737 128, 362 400 1,348,065 238, 292 5,524,629 152,660 28, 362 152, 600 236,776 345,050 IK, 175 7,550 464, 427 280, 175 84,268 615,265 760 Buildings. 840,107,741 Machinery, tools, and im- plements. $55, 798, 474 1,069,042 120,000 176 16,560 2,181,227 1,050,452 254,579 181,000 105, 150 338,566 904, 399 29, 950 2, 766, 746 307,566 144,268 1,065,385 549, 260 ■ 182, 764 218,860 984, 121 862,149 276,967 232,954 96,239 584,000 211,900 15,500 35,817 1,763,569 13, 830 3,684,474 608,732 11,500 2,690,656 7,260 652,580 9,665,941 780, 974 218, 129 275.700 425,865 669,628 49,200 22,860 1.890,086 396,800 671,738 1.010,515 18,250 1,582,740 291,846 200 78,950 5,041,774 1, 264, 516 466,.701 390, 700 174, 960 1, 155, 514 1.986,756 69, 620 4,212,070 382, 799 , 159,889 1,399,015 1,603,475 236, 366 139,438 943, 329 1,149,053 509, 341 438,992 160, 343 307, 700 227,500 11,600 81,856 1,667,799 35,990 3,583,596 682, 773 12,050 4,307,130 23,800 664,930 12, 400, 623 277,253 641,898 64,300 312,8.80 939,064 160, 850 64. 150 1,603.949 869,140 1,0.56,346 1,816.953 185,978 Cash and sun- dries. $15,784,630 391,779 154,781 160 3,060 739,592 1,222,875 48,979 106, 100 43,000 165,291 166,973 20,717 222, 427 24,865 39,884 282,282 210,240 71,598 55,601 111, 397 289,073 407,604 60,075 47,832 658, 693 10,600 34,916 516,666 50 1,462,037 99, 466 822, 489 3,950 88,200 4, 628, 4fl0 312,900 160, 068 23, 475 25,689 358. 267 10,450 15,150 739,730 188, 820 520,526 243,964 6,000 ESTABLISHMENTS AND CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905. xlvii POWEK OWNED. Num- ber ol estab- lish- ments report- ing. Total horse- power. Engines. Watt r wheels. Water motors. Electric motors. Other power. Steam. G.as or gasoline. Number. Horse- power. Number. Horse- power. Number. Horse- power. Number. Horse- power. Numljer. 419 Horse- power. Number. Horse- power. 1,675 344, 671 2,650 316,572 84 1,941 309 17,093 6 39 8,776 10 250 1 31 12 13, 410 1,368 61 14 13,346 921 1 4 65 2 1 S 425 1 8 1 6 :. 3 4 12 40 18 12 3 9 44 7.S 6 Sll 42 -23 66 57 42 13 30 77 31 31 32 2 9 2 11 32 7 80 32 3 136 3 38 212 12 12 5 29 28 7 10 42 ■ 49 50 68 2 654 6,947 2.372 2,420 1,855 1,010 4,629 12,260 250 26,233 2,984 848 10,717 9,630 2,299 7&5 6,399 5,690 3,969 2,650 1,981 1,680 741 130 1,735 7,808 305 30,985 2,925 128 34,059 155 4,634 90,033 2,779 1,045 415 4,121 4,296 432 371 16,440 5,626 4,688 6,750 1,030 13 63 19 17 14 12 55 113 8 185 38 19 111 104 30 11 37 81 43 38 31 8 9 i 2 7 1 51 6 166 33 3 246 3 53 467 10 15 6 38 35 3 5 65 70 49 72 11 664 5,474 1,610 2,121 1,865 850 3,764 9,931 250 24,364 2,603 745 10,507 9,620 1,350 728 5,686 6,428 3,490 2,610 1,691 1,650 741 130 240 6,698 265 28,935 2,222 128 33, 149 155 4,279 86,866 1,835 1,045 415 4,116 4,228 330 176 12,946 5,170 4,542 5,784 1,030 5 3 3 30 146 8 220 112 199 2 1 64 8 3 1,222 606 100 6 7 ■■■:":" - 8 9 1 160 10 6 12 776 909 2 47 90 1,366 11 6 54 12 13 13 6 1 762 35 8 10 9 4 3 426 266 96 205 59 1 682 80 14 16 16# 1 5 ' 17 1 10 i IS 20 2 10 4 8 949 20 408 154 228 1 19 3 1 5 1 1 37 5 43 8 10 1 ''0 9 1 15 1 400 66 243 30 '1 n 23 24 5 290 ?5 1 30 1 26 ?7 28 15 5 2 35 11 1,470 160 40 1,660 678 1 57 25 946 29 1 4 30 31 3 1 90 25 1 25 11 275 ,S? 33 >■ 34 8 111 9 251 65 448 2 100 35 .36 10 41 6 355 1,446 300 37 13 1 212 22 66 7 1,369 622 8 150 .38 39 40 41 1 4 5 64 4? 1 1 3 4 20 15 43 3 4 25 7 6 12 82 180 3,494 443 76 713 44 45 46 1 1 13 13 10 190 47 3 4 60 63 48 49 .50 ■ 1 MFG — PT 1 — 07- xlviii MANUFACTURES. Table VII.— SUMMARY OF IDLE 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 . 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 All industries . Agricultural implemeiits Ammunition Artificial feathers and flowers. Artificial stone Automobiles Number of estab- lish- ments. Bags, other than paper Baking and yeast powders Basltets, and rattan and willow ware. Beet sugar Belting and hose, linen Bicycles and tricycles Bone, ivory, and lamp blaclc Bookbinding and blank book making. Boots and shoes Boots and shoes, rubber Boxes, wooden packing Brass castings and brass finishing . Bread and other bakery products.. Brick and tile Brooms and brushes Butter Buttons Canning and preserving, fish Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables . Canning and preserving, oysters Carpets and rugs, other than rag Carpets, rag Carriage and wagon materials Carriages and sleds, children's Carriages and wagons , Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam railroad companies. Cars, steam railroad, not including operations of railroad companies. . Cars, street railroad, not including operations of railroad companies , Cash registers and calculating machines Cement Cheese Chemicals Clocks Clothing, men's Clothing, women's Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers' goods Coke Condensed milk Confectionery Cooperage Coppersmithing and sheet iron working. Cordage and twine Cork, cutting Corsets Cotton goods Cotton small wares Cutlery and edge tools Dairyinen's, poulterers', and apiarists' supplies. Druggists' preparations Dyeing and finishing textiles Dyestuffs and extracts Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. Explosives Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified Felt goods Fertilizers Files Flavoring extracts Flax and hemp, dressed Flour and grist mill products. Food preparations. Foundry and machine' shop products Foundry supplies Fuel, manufactured Furniture Gas, illuminating and heating Gas machines and meters Glass Glass cutting, staining, and ornamenting. Gloves and mittens, leather 2,330 5 3 4 162 2 81 6 32 25 9 1 5 4 2 29 1 1 10 3 2 1 1 43 2 7 1 1 4 2 7 4 2 1 3 .5 1 3 248 12 96 1 3 20 $132,898,781 242,400 43, 700 15 47,550 526,652 33, 000 60,000 1,765 5,276,681 8,300 122,500 38, 750 600 57,050 43, 000 26,650 311,727 91, 342 1,693,066 4,560 209,670 242, 860 1,290,662 892, 168 2,939 14,000 4,630 110,898 1,065 84, 934 5,500 511,500 59,315 92,000 2,641,939 38, 875 678, 925 20,000 24, 600 18, 025 9,600 2,703,149 50,004 65,000 87,840 44, 400 1, 060, 000 26,000 1,100 7, 286, 638 18, 500 355, 260 1,500 2,166 61,850 15,500 399, 256 1,117,383 3,785 1,700 186,050 313,500 3,175 25,000 3, 982, 434 124, 888 2, 575, 901 20, 000 119, 767 465,711 487, 660 2,363 4,992,211 14,600 90,600 $21,208,036 42, 126 8,000 18,500 40,000 6,000 30,000 350 169,466 67,400 2,100 1,660 1,600 2,900 66, 682 11,200 609,363 25 15,548 8,200 227,900 103, 190 600 1,540 4,000 24, 450 Buildings. $40, 107, 741 10, 800 1,800 80,000 330 2,000 617, 284 4,650 260, 480 1,600 ISO 3,600 677, 965 3,000 6,000 10,860 19,300 284,600 1,000 912, 332 3,200 50, 550 9,550 600 29. 186 245, 250 10,550 47,000 2,300 739,619 30,700 487,885 .3,000 13, 192 38, 696 14,350 438, 490 ""2,646' 75, 075 12, 500 6,000 119,000 8,000 30,000 750 1, 516, 202 3,000 46,600 10,650 Machinery, tools, and im- plements. $56, 798, 474 18, 600 9,600 6,300 72, 263 40, 249 418,918 176 87, 040 62,400 362, 576 322,010 1,235 4,340 300 43, 895 27,038 3,600 300,000 10, 571 10,000 840,236 19,400 173, 000 4,500 3,460 10, 000 3,500 136,818 17,000 24,000 43, 600 10, 000 415,000 7,000 6,300 117, 438 21,000 2,000 98, 500 355, 264 27,250 159,000 6,500 ,194,961 36,300 858, 596 10,000 31,974 170, 494 43, 400 2,984,160 10,000 13, 100 32, 500 23,000 15 19,800 176, 769 20,000 615 3, 287, 494 5,000 8,500 25,000 600 9,800 26,900 11,950 74, 113 16,962 614,928 4,200. 103, 813 163, 200 642,831 306,315 815 8,120 . 30 40, 553 765 31,927 200 130,000 11,268 62,000 1,069,820 14, 426 237, 770 12,000 7,900 4,150 6,000 1,297,132 20,000 25,000 18, 476 13,600 360, 500 8,000 800 3, 672, 986 9,000 158, 284 600 1,154 21,300 3,300 209, .394 480, 296 1,926 600 80,760 106,000 175 11,200 1,623,987 45, 870 795, 535 7,000 69,601 142, 424 151,907 105 1, 513, 834 4,500 15, 360 Cash and sundries. $16,784,530 92, 700 200 3,260 191, 793 60 303, 419 27,000 5,000 4,500 98, 669 23,941 149, 857 150 3,169 9,050 67,346 160, 643 300 2,000 300 15, 169 1,600 37, 156 18,000 114,600 400 17, 675 2,000 13, 100 376 300 691,234 10,004 10,000 16,015 1,500 10, 000 300 651, 243 28, 988 1,000 1,002 10,000 9, 700 02, 176 .36, .i? 4 1,060 67, 600 1,600 3,000 6,000 423, 967 12,018 433, 886 5,000 114,097 277,993 2,258 55, 737 60,000 ESTABLISHMENTS AND CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIR ESTABLISHMENTS, BY INDUSTRIES: 1905. xlix POWER OWNED. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments report- ing. Total horse- power. Engines. Water wheels. Water motors. Electric motors. Other power. Steam, Gas or gasoline. Number. Horse power. Number. Horse- power. Number. Horse- power. Number. Horse- power. Number. Horse- power. Number. Horse- power. 1,675 344, 671 2,550 3)6,572 84 1,941 309 17,093 5 39 419 8,776 10 250 1 7 40S 6 385 ■' 23 ? 1 4 1 4 3 4 2 2 1 56 425 330. 3 1 56 275 ISO 5 20 150 6 1 160 7 8 1 2 1 1 1 4 844 50 15 60 1 16 1 1 4 840 50 15 q 1 1 2 1 3 2 10 11 1? 3 60 13 1 14 3 I 80 1 1 l.T"> 1 3 1 4 1 117 80 150 75 68 20 5,684 16 1 2 Ifi 4 1 1 105 110 5,s 20 5, 6S4 1 36 17 18 19 20 ?1 57 4 21 38 1 SI 3 73 1,622 836 10 53 2 27 35 1 i 643 35 1.618 801 10 3 i 3 20 38 4 16 6 150 ?? 23 24 1 20 26 '6 27 28 5 382 j 1 382 1 29 i .30 2 75 2 76 31 3? 2 1 1 15 9 5 1 1 1 1,000 90 22 6,690 97 290 35 2 3 1 1,000 1 90 .33 34 1 22 36 25 6.66.5 1 25 .36 9 6 1 97 290 35 37 .38 39 1 2 7 40 1 41 1 : 10 8 1 1,521 1 ! 35 i 1 10 14 1,261 1 36 4? 2 250 1 io 4 43 44 46 3 j 295 4 ; 2P.') 46 47 2 2,170 1 : 150 3 1 2,000 160 4 170 48 49 ,60 33 11,966 1 37 6 898 38 1 6 7,300 • 15 675 31 4,575 2 90 ,61 1 22 .6? 6 323 ,53 .54 56 2 1 3 2 1 1 2 4 135 8 239 260 25 15 160 900 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 10 75 8 130 50 26 15 150 900 1 60 1 66 .57 2 9 3 100 ,58 7 200 69 6(1 61 6? 63 M 1 235 7 55 1 2 18 5 25 13,412 360 2,694 80 145 1,247 79 1 165 6 50 1 2 18 4 25 9,734 235 2,274 80 145 1,]32 74 M 4 .122 108 2 3,606 125 2 50 6f 67 19 226 22 194 6f m 7r 2 85 1 30 71 1 6 r r. 18 5,235 61 4,700 4 100 36 435 T 7, 1 1 50 i 50 7( MANUFACTURES. Table VII.— SUMMARY OF IDLE 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 INDUSTRY. Glucose Glue Graphite and graphite refining. Grindstones Gypsum wail plaster Hat and cap materials Hones and whetstones . , Horseshoes Hosiery and knit goods House furnishing goods not elsewhere specified Ice, manufactured Iron and steel, blast furnaces j Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in rolling inills or steel works. Iron and steel forgings Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails, not made in rolling mills or steel works. Iron and steel pipe, wrought Ivory and bone work Jewelry Kaolin and ground earths Lamps and reflectors Leather, tanned, curried, and finished . Lime Linen goods Liquors, distilled Liquors, malt Liquors, vinous Looking-glass and picture frames Lumber and timber products Lumber, planing mill products, including sash, doors, and blinds.. Malt •. ; Marble and stone work Matches Mattresses and spring beds Mineral and soda waters Mirrors Models and patterns, not including paper patterns . Monuments and tombstones Musical instruments, organs Needles, pins, and hooks and eyes Oil, cottonseed and cake Oil, essential Oil, not elsewhere specified . . Oilcloth and linoleum, floor. Paints Paper and wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere specified . Patent medicines and compounds Perfumery and cosmetics Petroleum, refining Photographic apparatus Photographic materials Pickles, preserves, and sauces Plated ware Pottery, terra cotta, and fire clay products Printing and publishing, book and job Printing and publishing, newspapers and periodicals . Pulp goods Refrigerators Roofing materials Rubber and elastic goods Saddlery and harness Salt Sand and emery paper and cloth. Sausage Saws Scales and balances Screws, machine Shipbuilding, iron and steel Shipbuilding, wooden, including lioat building- Shirts Shoddy Silk and silk goods Silversmithing and silverware Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. Number of estab- lish- ments. 4 1 2 5 1 19 8 1 91 13 7 1 378 50 6,650 124, 500 346, 100 18, 355 342, 500 1 Includes value of leased property. Total. SI, 536. OOU 18, 000 991,500 26, 000 37,400 65,000 500 163, 600 453, 060 31,566 808, 055 1 22, 836, 648 1 21, 247, 646 91,120 140,000 109,000 874, 440 4,500 3,000 105, 276 03,000 322, 465 75, 663 58, 000 4, 256, 210 724, 566 105,09-) 1, 817, 695 6, 115, 221 393, 530 100, 500 95, 000 7,804 304 30, 105 5,000 5,800 16, 225 6.30 12,700 690,541 1,500 47, 200 61,000 929, .377 2,734,971 47, .500 37,060 1,000 618,015 18, 600 3, 1.50 13,966 2.50 3, 522, 656 16, 416 12, 100 110,500 1,000 103, 076 27,000 1,326 348, 389 40,000 11, 500 1,600 2,003 200,000 30, 000 85, 625 Land. 1150,000 ■, 6,000 885, 000 18, 000 10,000 14, 300 3,600 66, 180 300 143, 611 3, 494, 133 2, 748, 342 42, 250 40,000 23,000 91,181 500 26,000 20, 000 81, 340 54, 295 5,000 1,402,545 77, 326 13, 025 103, 865 753,911 6S, 370 6,000 28, 900 300 6, 0.50 800 650 300 87,540 100 1,500 15, 000 104, 234 334, 398 2, .500 875 93, 163 3,000 2, 0S2 'i,'666,'2iu 1,760 27,000 41, 27(1 6,250 700 127, 5.50 4,800 2,600 75 34,000 10,000 29, 800 1,050 23, 150 33, 620 600 126, 000 Buildings. $416, 500 6,000 37, 000 2,000 10, 600 18, 200 20, 000 103, 320 9,000 235, 402 10,743,070 3, 939,. 564 22, 750 20,000 35, 000 297, 624 1,500 Machinery, tools, and im- plements. 31,067 40,000 150, 235 5,450 35,000 746, 670 346, 291 19, 030 727, 090 804, 825 92, 405 72, 000 12, 200 5,004 1,000 1,800 300 161, 705 300 5,500 25,000 225, 500 952, 272 12, 000 1,900 79, 493 3,000 6,621 100 1, 285, 236 1,4,50 40,000 10, 250 150 90, 309 20, 000 3,400 25 64,000 10, 000 28.800 600 57, 800 114, 850 14, 000 176,500 S969, .500 6,000 25,000 6,000 16, 300 32,500 400 110,000 240,485 6,266 423, 567 5,887,941 13, 237, 973 10,000 80, 000 46,000 473, 398 500 3,000 32, 415 3,000 70, 175 15,918 13, 500 1, 633, 640 223, 290 18,000 986, 740 2,507,027 147, 825 2,300 44, 400 2,600 157 7,160 1,000 4,000 6,426 30 8,000 398, 120 1,100 31,100 6,000 321, 252 1, 419, 267 33,000 5,380 200 429,042 10,000 3,000 3,833 150 539, 860 12, 415 8,400 48, 700 200 14, 190 10, 500 225 118, 530 15, 200 2,500 1,000 634 102, 000 10,000 20, 700 5,000 41,800 155, 830 1,755 35,000 Cash and sundries. $44, 500 SOO 100 30,000 43, 076 16,000 5,475 2, 711, 404 1, 321, 767 16, 120 12, 337 2,000 16, 804 20,715 4,600 473, 355 77, 660 55,040 1,049,458 94, 930 20, 200 9,500 147 5,105 4,000 7,350 "ijob' 43, 176 9,100 16,000 278, 391 29,034 28,905 800 16, 317 2,500 150 850 697, 344 4,000 500 800 250 12, 000 3,000 600 6,326 1,750 41,800 2,000 6,000 ESTABLISHMENTS AND CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. ESTABLISHMENTS, BY INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. POWEE OWNED. Num- ber ol estab- lish- ments report- mg. Total horse- power. Engines. Water wheels. Water motors. Electric motors. Other power. Steam. Gas or gasoline. Number. Horse- power. Number. Horse- power. Number. Horse- power. Number. Horse- power. Number. Horse- power. Number. Horse- power. • 18, 000 34, 876 89, 351 91, 460 6,000 448, 532 163, 3.53 Cash and sundries. $1,981,468 2,500 8,350 6,000 327 124, 100 125 3,000 10,000 35,803 181, 720 1, 177, 308 16, 286 1,400 39,300 4,970 1,000 1,460 600 47,356 10, 560 23,735 6,385 3,600 39, 187 9,637 11,329 ESTABLISHMENTS AND CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. ESTABLISHMENTS, BY INDUSTRIES: ,1905— Continued. 'liii , , POWER OWNED. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments report- ing. Total horse- power. . Engines. Water wheels. Water motors. Electric motors. Other power. Steam. Gas or gasoline. Number. 15 5 5 4 Horse- power. Number, Horse- power. Number., 4 Horse- power. Number Horse- power. Number. Horse- power. Number. Horse- power. S 3 3 4 4,062 965 1,095 58 3,060 666 1 07(1 58 3 128 425 1 8 17 3 431 300 l^' 153 1 25 154 155 166 ' 1 l.SS 3 2"^ 90 2,000 7 1 48 75 l'i7 9 2.075 1'iS IW IfiO 1 200 2 no 2 1 20C CO 161 2 50 169 163 164 4 879 12 i ,S 2.S.S; 10 74 670 7,276 22 62 109 1,012 2 100 165 166 167 16S 3 1 2,500 15 4 1 2 500 15 169 170 171 172 3 1 255 7 3 2 255 7 173 174 175 5 3 84 90 5 3 84 90 176 177 178 6 1 1 114 35 50 5 110 1 35 1 1 .'in 1 4 179 1S0 181 182 5 1 9. 354 26 275 720 345 no 2,626 2,050 4 1 8 12 6 3 27 5 360 26 275 710 275 110 1,846 1,400 1 4 183 184 \ 185 13 1 2 10 65 \ 186 6 1 15 187 1 i 188 32 4 22 1 754 50 1 4 25 600 i 189 1 190 ■ liv MANUFACTURES. CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. Changes in the form of ownership and the relative importance of the estabhshments operated under each form constitute a significant feature of the develop- ment of manufactures. The replies to the Census inquiry enable the statistics for all establishments to be presented under the following classes of ownership: (1) Individual, (2) firm, (3) incorporated company, and (4) "miscellaneous," which embraces cooperative as- sociations. It was impracticable to retabulate the statistics relating to the character of ownership of the 207,562 establishments for the census of 1900, so as to make them comparable with the corresponding data for the census of 1905. But the relative importance of the different classes at the two censuses may be indi- cated by a comparison of the totals for 1905 with those for 1900 after the data for "hand trades" and 9 addi- tional industries not enumerated at the census of 1905 have been deducted, and also by a comparison of the totals for representative industries. There were 215,814 establishments included in the general group of "hand trades" and 22,735 in the 9 additional indus- tries at the Twelfth Census, and if all of these are elimi- nated, the total will be reduced to 273,705. While this number includes 66,143 establishments that were excluded from the factory census, it is the only total that is available for a general comparison of the num- ber of establishments and value of products for each class of ownership. This comparison is made in Table viii. Table VIII.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP: 1905 AND 1900. ESTABLISHMENTS. PRODUCTS. 1905 1900 1 1905 1900 Number. Percent. Number. Per cent. Value. Per cent. Value. Per cent. United States 216,262 100.0 273,705 100.0 J14, 802, 147,087 100.0 $11,701,295,854 100. Individual Firm 113,961 47,942 51, 156 3,203 62.7 22.2, 23.61 1.6 171,843 62,627 37, 161 2,074 62.8 22.9 13.6 0.7 1,702,980,808 2,132,619,830 10,912,080,421 54,466,028 11.5 14.? 73.7 0.4 1,837,699,353 2,226,833,804 7,606,019,066 30,843,641 15.7 19.0 Incorporated company . 65.0 n.S 1 Includes 66,143 establishments that are not of the character covered by the census of 1906; 215,814 establishments representing the group of "hand trades" and 22,735 establishments, representing the industries of bottling, cheese and butter, urban dairy products, cotton compressing, cotton, cleaning and rehandiing, cotton ginning, electrical construction and repairs, kindling wood, photography, and tobacco stemming and rehandiing, are excluded. As the totals in this table for the census of 1900 in- clude the custom grist and saw mills and some other establishments of the class omitted from the census of 1905, the figures for tne two censuses are not exactly comparable. They can be accepted as indicating a tendency toward the corporate form of ownership in industrial enterprises, but not as showing the true rela- tive conditions at the two censuses. The table indicates that the percentage of the total number of establishments operated by individuals and the relative magnitude of their operations had de- creased to a considerable extent at the census of 1905 as compared with that of 1900. The proportion of the total number of establishments operated by "firms" remained practically stationary, but the percentage that the value of their products formed of the total value decreased. The proportion of both the number of establishments and the value of products of incorpo- rated companies increased. The reports on the manufactures of each state and territory given in Part II of the Report on Manufactures, census of 1905, contain comparisons of the number of establishments by character of ownership for selected representative industries. Since these industries are characteristic of the manufactures of each state or ter- ritory, the totals derived from them are a good indica- tion of the relative number of establishments of each class in different sections of the country, and they are reproduced in Table ix. The statistics for the two cen- suses in this table are more directly comparable than those in Table viii and may be accepted as reflecting actual conditions in so far as such conditions are de- termined by the principal industries in the different states. ESTABLISHMENTS AND CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. Iv Table IX.— NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS, BY CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP DERIVED FROM SELECTED INDUS- TRIES IN STATES AND TERRITORIES, WITH PER CENT IN EACH CLASS: 1905 AND 1900. STATE OR TERRITORY, AND CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. United Stiitcs Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Alabama. Individual Finn Incorporated company . Miscellaneous Alaslsa. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous .'. . Arizona. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous .'. . Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous California - Individual Firm Incorporated company . Miscellaneous Colorado. Individual Firm Incorporated company . Miscellaneous Connecticut. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Delaware - Individual Firm Incorporated company . Miscellaneous District of Columbia. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Florida. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Georgia. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Idaho - Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Illinois. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous 1905 Number of estab- lish- ments. 140,364 76,383 31,706 29,502 2,774 1,197 647 361 285 4 63 Per cent. 100.0 54.4 22.6 21.0 2.0 100.0 45.7 30.2 23.8 0.3 100,0 1900 Number of estab- lish- ments. 135,696 1,331 580 347 6 1,873 720 68 840 514 132 877 244 13 162 401 203 1 793 586 466 10,782 6,191 1,868 2,562 161 11.1 4 8 84.1 100.0 7.1 3.6 89.3 100.0 43.6 29.9 26.1 0.4 100.0 61.6 19.8 26.7 1.9 100.0 61.2 15.7 22.5 0.6 100.0 48.0 13.3 38.0 0.7 100.0 47.5 29.0 23.5 100.0 60.0 11.6 28.3 10.1 100.0 39.7 40.0 20.2 0.1 100.0 43.0 .31.8 25.2 46.3 25.7 28.0 100.0 57.4 17.3 23.8 1.5 79,870 33,240 20,780 l.SO.J 1,313 682 453 176 2 414 219 2 1,465 575 534 22 666 377 120 169 1,766 905 263 586 2 472 415 91 873 729 256 1 188 119 43 26 10,349 6,329 2,023 1,912 85 Per cent. 100.0 58.9 24.5 16.3 1.3 100.0 51.9 34 5 13.4 0.2 100.0 12 30. 6 ^ 15. 21 53. 100.0 50.9 32.0 16.9 0.2 100.0 56.3 22.2 20.6 0.9 100.0 56.6 18,0 25.4 100.0 51.5 15.0 33.4 0.1 100,0 48,0 32,7 19.3 100.0 61.8 24.6 21.6 2,1 100,0 48,3 42,4 9,3 100,0 47,0 39,2 13,8 (>) 100.0 63.3 22.9 13.8 100.0 61.2 19.5 18.6 0.8 STATE OR TERRITORY, AND CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. Indian Territory. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Individual Firm Incoroorated company. Miscellaneous Kentuclry. Individual Firm Incorporated company . Miscellaneous Louisiana. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Individual . Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Maryland. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Massachusetts . Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Michigan . Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Mississippi. Individual Firm Incorporated company . Miscellaneous Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous ' Less than one- tenth of 1 per cent. 1900 Number of estab- lish- ments. 142 66 25 4 4,474 2,280 1,120 1,046 28 2,394 1,085 569 420 330 1,348 763 346 216 23 2,535 1,334 734 462 6 1.34.5 647 253 440 1,803 961 459 372 11 208 4 5,9,57 3,155 1,290 1,480 32 5,001 2,640 1,179 1,111 71 2,905 Per cent. 100>0 62.6 24.7 11.0 1.8 100.0 51.0 25.0 23.4 0.6 100.0 45.3 23.4 17.5 13.8 100.0 56,6 26,7 16,0 1,7 100,0 52,6 29.0 18.2 2 lOOO 48.1 18. S 32.7 4 100.0 53.3 25.5 20,6 0,6 100.0 66.1 23.6 10 1 0.2 100.0 53.0 21.7 24.8 0.6 loao 52.8 23.6 22.6 1.4 loao 1,340 553 469 543 922 366 286 279 4,145 2,422 862 26 178 46.1 19.0 16.2 18.7 lOOO 38.6 30 9 30.3 0.2 100.0 58.4 20 2 20 8 0.6 loao 42.1 18.0 38.2 1.7 Number of estab- ' Per lish- cent, ments. 124 4,906 2,709 1,423 764 20 2,658 1,.300 653 436 263 1,302 788 314 186 16 2,581 1,629 709 3S8 5 1,208 677 291 239 1 1,654 919 453 279 3 2,023 1,409 469 144 1 6,009 3,302 1,466 1,220 22 5,108 2.915 1,287 829 77 2,464 1,164 651 396 343 824 437 256 130 1 4,537 2,856 685 7 108 62 56 57.3 29.8 12.9 100. 66.2 29.0 16.4 0.4 100.0 49.1 24 6 16.4 100. 60.5 24.1 14.2 1.2 100. 59.2 27.6 13.1 0.2 100.0 66.0 24.1 19.8 1 loa 0- 56.5 27.4 16.9 2. 100. 69.6. 23.2. 7.1 0.1 100. O 54 9 24.4 20 3. 0.4 loao .57.1 25.2 16.2 1.5 lOOO 47.4 22.5 16.1 , 14. 100. 63.0 31.1 15.8 1 100.0 62.9 21.8 15.1 2; 100.0 50 24.1 25.9 Ivi MANUFACTURES. Table IX.— NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS, BY CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP DERIVED FROM SELECTED INDUS- TRIES IN STATES AND TERRITORIES, WITH PER CENT IN EACH CLASS: 1905 AND 1900— Continued. STATE OR TERRITORY, AND CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. Nebraska. [ndividual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Nevada. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous New Hampshire. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous New Jersey. Individual Firm Incorporated coxnpany . Miscellaneous New Mexico . Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous New York. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous North Carolina. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous North Dakota. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Ohio. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Oklahoma. Individual. Firm. Incorporated company, ella Miscellaneous Oregon Individual- Firm. Incorporated company, ella Miscellaneous Pennsylvania Individual. Firm. Incorporated company. Miscellaneous 1905 Number ol estab- lish- ments. 635 232 170 17 204 165 1 3,046 ,852 450 743 1 51 18 28 2 28,044 277 1,245 723 583 1 190 61 55 39 218 74 97 1 1,105 614 316 267 17,002 Per cent. 100.0 60.3 22.0 16.1 1.6 100.0 45.5 20.4 31.8 2.3 100.0 51.4 27.6 20.9 0.1 100.0 60.8 14.8 24.4 (') 100.0 61.5 18.2 28.3 2.0 100.0 qi.2 23.2 14.6 1.0 100.0 41.8 32.2 26.0 (') 100.0 55.1 17.7 16.9 11.3 100.0 62.3 22 1 26.1 0.6 100.0 65.9 19.0 24.9 0.2 100.0 46.6 28 6 24.2 0.7 100.0 60.7 20.4 17.8 1.1 1900 Number of estab- lish- ments. 1,047 643 219 161 24 44 788 426 217 143 2 1,674 449 663 2 85 26,738 17, 619 6,295 2,630 194 2,274 1,183 711 376 4 219 137 42 38 2 9,9 5, 768 2,507 1,700 27 190 101 51 38 289 172 5 16,850 10, 760 3,866 2,087 1,37 Per cent. 100.0 61.4 20.9 15.4 2.3 100.0 34 1 36.4 29.6 100.0 64 1 27.5 18.1 0.3 100.0 62.3 16.7 20.9 0.1 loao 61.2 17.6 21.2 100.0 65.9 23.6 0.7 100.0 ,62.0 31.3 16.6 0.2 100.0 62.6 19.2 17.3 0.9 100.0 57.6 26.1 17.0 0.3 100.0 53.2 26.8 20.0 100.0 61.0 30.4 18.1 0.5 100.0 63.8 23.0 12.4 0.8 STATE OR TEERITOET, AND CHARACTER OF OWNEBSHIP. Rhode Island. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous South Carolina. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous South Dakota. Individual. Firm. Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Tennessee. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Texas. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Utah. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Vermont . Individual. Firm. Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Virginia, Individual Firm Incorporated company . Miscellaneous Washington. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous West Virginia. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Wisconsin. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous Wyoming. Individual Firm Incorporated company. Miscellaneous 1905 Number of estab- lish- ments. 918 383 186 347 3 307 147 306 267 86 59 71 2,175 Per cent. 100.0 41.7 20.2 37.8 0.3 100.0 40.4 19.3 40.3 918 789 2,022 1,087 401 524 10 164 64 37 66 7 1,139 656 323 156 104 1,822 991 650 275 6 1,811 669 427 703 22 1,099 387 224 2 5,410 2,512 1,064 1, 240 594 96 100.0 64.5 18.0 12.6 15.0 100.0 42.2 36.3 21.1 0.4 100.0 1900 Number of estab- lish- ments, 6.3.8 19.8 25.9 0.6 100.0 39.0 22.6 34.1 43 100.0 28.4 13.7 9.1 100.0 64.4 30.2 15.1 0.3 100.0 36.4 23.6 1.2 100.0 44.2 36.2 20.4 0.2 100.0 46.4 19.7 22.9 11.0 100.0 44.2 17.9 1.1 412 219 258 367 143 167 215 79 77 69 2,161 1,116 753 282 10 1,920 1,117 457 339 7 145 684 393 188 52 1,142 526 188 1,334 548 418 351 17 1,001 513 118 1 5,061 2,691 1,067 1,014 379 86 Per cent. 46.4 24.6 29.0 100.0 64.2 21.1 24 7 100.0 50.0 18 4 17.9 ia7 100.0 51.6 348 lai 0.5 100.0 6a 2 17.6 0.4 100.0 37.9 26.9 36.2 100.0 51.9 29.8 14 3 40 100.0 61.3 28.2 10.1 0.4 100.0 41.1 31.3 26.3 1.3 100.0 51.2 36.9 11.8 0.1 100.0 51.3 21.1 20.1 7.5 100.0 43.5 31.8 24 7 ESTABLISHMENTS AND CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. Ivii The industries selected as representative of the manufactures in the different states and territories comprised 140,364 establishments, or 64.9 per cent of the total number for the United States, at the census of 1905, and 135,695, or 65.4 per cent of the revised comparative total for 1900. Therefore they may be accepted as indicative of the changes in ownership for the principal industries in the country. For the representative industries the proportion of the total number of establishments operated under individual ownership decreased in aU but 8 states and territories, and the proportion operated by firms or companies decreased in all but 11, while the propor- tion operated by incorporated companies increased in all but 7. The states and territories in which the corporate form of ownership has decreased and the individuals, firms, or companies have increased are comparatively unimportant in manufactures. To further illustrate this change in character of ownership. Table x presents a comparison of the sta- tistics for 15 of the important factory industries for which the same methods were followed in the enumera- tion at both censuses. Table x confirms the conclusion that the number and the value of products of the establishments operated by incorporated companies were considerably greater for the census year 1905 than for the census year 1900, and that a relative decrease occurred in the number and magnitude of establishments owned by partner- ships and firms or by individuals. Iviii MANUFACTURES. Table X.— NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS FOR FIFTEEN SELECTED 25 26 27 28 29 30 Agricultural implements Boots and shoes Cheese, butter, and condensed milk Clothing, men's Clothing, women's Cotton goods ' Furniture Glass Hosiery and knit goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished , Millinery and lace goods : Printing and publishing, newspapers and periodicals Tobacco, chewing and smoking, and snuff Woolen goods Worsted goods Census. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 ,1905 1900 1906 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1906 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 Number of estab- lishments. 1,316 1,599 9,242 4,504 6,729 3,361 2,701 1,077 973 2,482 1,814 399 355 1,079 921 1,049 1,306 860 691 18,038 15,305 433 437 792 1,035 226 186 Value of products. INDIVIDUAL. Establishments. $112, 007, 344 101,2071428 320, 107, 458 258,969,680 168,182,789 130, 783, 349 355,796,671 276,717,357 247,661,560 159, 339, 539 442,461,218 332, 806, 166 170,446,825 125,316,986 79,607,998 66,539,712 136, 568, 139 95, 482, 566 252,620,986 204, 038, 127 50,777,768 29, 469, 406 309,327,606 222,983,569 116,767,630 103,754,362 142, 196, 668 118, 430, 168 165,745,062 120, 314, 344 Number. Per cent. 200 251 456 622 3,817 4,609 2,728 4,067 1,600 1,454 96 142 822 697 338 353 367 635 432 330 10,845 9,769 217 197 236 426 30.9 35.1 Products. Value. 34.6 38.9 42.8 48.8 60.6 70.8 47.8 63.8 8.9 14.6 33.1 32.9 5.3 8.2 31.3 38.3 36.0 48.6 50.2 55.8 60.1 63.8 60.1 46.1 29.8 41.2 19.0 23.1 $2,684,031 2,464,808 m « 43,919,439 43,879,011 61,893,733 52, 1^8, 361 73,020,366 64,756,420 11, 309, 388 16,663,782 22,390,538 19, 495, 444 1,234,551 2,287,036 21,040,297 19,053,234 m 14,352,907 9,818,362 56, 949, 288 56, 520, 752 4,230,977 6, 433, 463 19,624,950 20, 504, 514 11,110,638 11,980,166 Per cent. 2.3 2.4 26.1 33.5 17.4 18.8 29.5 34.4 2.6 5.0 13.1 15.6 1.5 40 15.4 20.0 28.3 33.3 18.4 25.3 3.6 6.2 13.8 17.3 6.7. 10.0 1 Omitted to avoid disclosing individual operations. ESTABLISHMENTS AND CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. INDUSTRIES, BY CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP, WITH PER CENT IN EACH CLASS; 1905 AND 1900. lix FIRM. INCOBPOBATED COMPANY. MISCELLANEOUS. Establishments. Products. Establishments. Products. Establishments. Products. Number. Per cent. Value. I'pr cent, 3.7 15.2 Number. Per cent. Value. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Value. Per cent. 121 169 18.7 23.6 14,097,433 15,318,989 327 295 50,4 41,3 8106,326,880 83, 423, 631 94.0 82.4 1 2 383 578 1,291 1,340 29.1 36.1 14.5 14.5. 89,644,551 105,974,1138 22,653,536 18,539,563 2S.0 40.9 13.5 14.2 476 398 1,385 1,628 36.2 24.9 16.5 17.6 199,849,004 117,611,212 61,309,5:!8 44,027,214 62.4 45.4 36.4 33.7 1 1 2,433 1,765 0.1 0.1 27.2 19.1 (') (') $40,300,276 24,337,561 3 4 24.0 18.6 5 6 1,354 1,428 30.1 24.9 197,932,448 171,883,511 128,447,083 89, 440, 070 55. 6 62, 1 420 243 9,3 4 3 46,168,940 (I) 2 1 (!) (') 25,165 7 8 1,428 1,117 42,6 41, 4 51.9 56.1 319 129 9,5 4.8 18.6. 4 1 0.1 (2) C) 9 10 100 123 9,3 1\6 17,103,277 880 70S 81.7 72,8 411,418,181 299, 037, 097 93.0 89.9 1 0.1 (') 11 5. 1 12 569 545 22, 9 30,0 24,811,357 28,802,660 14.6 23.0 1,087 669 43.8 36,9 123,052,406 76,827,957 72,2 61,3 4 3 0.2 0.2 192,524 189,925 0.1 0.1 13 14 26 60 6,5 16.9 2,619,890 7,674,113 3.3 13.6 337 259 84,5 72,9 74,836,170 46,033,245 94.0 81.4 15 7 3.7 2.0 917,387 545, 319 1.2 1,0 16 16 263 262 24.4 27,4 29,204,005 24,25(.,815 21,4 25,4 475 312 44,0 33,9 86, 303, 316 52, 143, 384 63.2 54.6 3 4 0.3 0.4 10,521 29,133 17 18 290 36'^ 27,6 62,397,239 63,761,210 26,068,989 13,703,262 31,736,283 33,789,475 24,7 31 3 391 308 37.3 23 6 168,736,461 109,105,921 10,355,872 5, 947, 782 216,840,895 129,670,557 66.8 53 5 1 1 0.1 1 19 '0 323 215 37. 6 36.4 51,3 46.5 105 46 12.2 7.8 20.4 20.2 21 22 3,214 2,994 17,8 19,6 10.3, 16.2 3,463 2,378 19.2 15.5 70.1 58.1 616 174 2.9 1.1 3,801,140 3,102,786 1,2 1,4 23 24 89 124 20.6 28 4 4,752,481 8,193,648 26,808,727 25,394,317 25, 417, 707 4.1 7 9 127 116 29.3 26 5 107,784,172 89,127,251 102,127,113 71,116,917 129, 240, 097 82,916,481 92.3 85 9 25 '6 202 25.5 352 44.4 71.8 60.1 2 0.3 0) 27 28 52 60 23.0 32.3 15.3 21.1 131 83 58.0 44.6 78.0 68,9 29 30 1 2 Less than one-tenth, of 1 per cent. Ix MANUFACTURES. The number of establishments and the value of products for each class of ownership in each industry are given in Table 9. The corresponding totals for the 14 groups of industries are given in Table xi. Table XI.— NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS FOR GROUPS OP INDUSTRIES, BY CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP: 1905. United States ^Food and kindred products Textiles ^ron and steel and tlieir products J Lumber and its remanufactures Leather and its finished products Paper and printing ^-—Liquors and beverages ^^Chemicals and allied products ^^ Clay, glass, and stone products ^..Metals and metal products, other than iron ^ and steel Tobacco -• ,- — ' Vehicles for land transportation ^"^ Shipbuilding .• - Miscellaneous industries.- INDIVIDUAL. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 216, 262 $14,802,147,087 45.790 17,042 14,239 32,726 4,946 30, 787 6,381 9,680 10,775 6,310 16,828 7,286 1,097 12,377 Value of products. 2,845,234,900 2,147,441,416 2,176,739,726 1,223, 730,336 706,747,470 857,112,256 601, 266, 605 1,031,965,263 391,230,422 ,_ 922,262,456 331,117,681 643, 924, 442 82,769,239 941,604,873 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 113, 961 28,268 7,726 4,905 16,062 2,176 17,727 3,438 2,854 4,461 2,809 14, 116 3,453 673 6,303 Value of products. $1,702,980,808 457,281,987 277, 173, 680 96,805,114 221,243,513 (') 132, 550, 689 46,001,427 60,790,472 52,642,387 69, 190, 109 82,902,596 36,816,883 8,932,284 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 47,942 5,177 2,923 9,491 1,385 5,867 1,270 1,'860 2,892 1,710 2,146 1,618 224 2,642 Value of products. $2,132,619,830 416, 080, 749 601,907,022 128, 684, 651 231,668,626 199,664,911 99, 499, 731 31,086,397 87,764,433 55, 473, 182 79, 161, 137 60,015,581 29,242,357 6,945,180 107,525,873 INCOKPOEATED COMPANY. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 61, 156 6,195 4,122 6,398 7,161 1,382 6,667 1,668 4,902 3,388 1,787 563 2,311 200 4,422 Value of products. $10, 912, 080, 421 1,930,717,140 1,268,046,946 1,951,501,890 769, 112, 149 421,391,212 619,823,284 424,081,598 881,916,342 281,929,789 783, 394, 162 188,186,069 577,128,703 67,891,775 746,961,362 MISCELLANEOUS. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 3,203 2,479 17 13 32 2 536 6 64 34 4 4 Value of products. $64,466,028 42,156,024 314, 770 748,071 1,806,048 (1) 5,238,552 97,183 1,495,016 1,185,064 517,048 13,435 736, 499 (') 1 Omitted to avoid disclosing individual operations. Table xii shows, for each of the 14 groups of in- dustries, the percentages that the number of estab- lishments and the value of products form of the corre- sponding totals for each class of ownership. Table xiii shows the percentages that the same items for each class of ownership form of the corresponding totals for each of the 14 groups. To show the true importance of the establishments under the several classes of ownership, the statistics for capital, employees, wages, naaterials, and products at the census of 1905 were compiled for each, and are shown in detail for the principal industries in each state and territory in Part II of the Report on Manu- factures, census of 1905. The totals for all industries in each state are given in Table 8, and Table xiv is a summary which reproduces the totals for the United States. Table XII.— RATIO OF EACH CLASS OF OWNERSHIP IN EACH GROUP TO TOTAL FOR CLASS OF OWNERSHIP: 1905. United States Food and Icindred products Textiles Iron and steel and their products Lumber and its remanufactures Leather and its finished products Paper and printing Liquors and beverages Chemicals and allied products Clay, glass, and stone products Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel Tobacco ' Vehicles for land transportation Shipbuilding Miscellaneous industries Number of estab- lish- ments. 21.2 7.9 6.6 16.1 2.3 14 2 2 9 4 6 5.0 2.9 7.8 3.4 0.5 6.7 Value of prod- ucts. loao 19.2 14.5 14,7 8.3 4.8 6.8 3.4 7.0 2.6 6.2 2.2 4.3 0.6 6.4 INDIVIDUAL. Number of estab- lish- ments. 4.3 14.1 19 15.6 3.0 2.6 3.9 2.5 12.4 3.0 0.6 4.6 Value of prod- ucts. 100.0 26.8 16.3 5.6 •13.0 (■) 7.8 2.7 3.6 3.1 3.6 4.9 2.1 0.5 (■) Number of estab- Ush- ments. 100.0 18.4 10.8 6.1 19.8 2.9 12.2 2.6 3.9 6.0 3.6 4.5 3.2 0.5 5.5 Value of prod- ucts. 100.0 19.5 28.2 6.0 10.9 9.4 4.7 1.4 4.1 2.6 3.7 2.8 1.4 0.3 5.0 INCORPORATED COMPANY. Number of estab- lish- ments. 100.0 12 1 8.1 12.5 14.0 2.7 13.0 3.3 9.6 6.6 3.5 1.1 4.5 0.4 8.6 Value of prod- ucts. 100.0 17.7 11.6 17.9 7.0 3.9 5.7 3.9 8.1 2.6 7.2 1.7 5.3 0.6 6.8 MISCELLANEOUS. Number of estab- lish- ments. 100.0 77.4 0.5 0.4 1.0 0.1 16.7 0.2 2.0 1.1 0,1 0.1 0.1 0.3 Value of prod- ucts. lOO.O 77.4 0.6 1.4 3.3 (■) 9.6 0.2 2.7 2.2 0.9 C-i) 1.4 C) 1 Omitted to avoid disclosing individual operations. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. ESTABLISHMENTS AND CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. Ixi Table XIII.— RATIO OF EACH CLASS OF OWNERSHIP IN EACH GROUP TO TOTAL FOR GROUP: 190&.,,fi United States j . . . ; Food and kindred products Textiles Iron and steel and their products Lumber and its remanxif actures Leatlier and its finislied products Paper and printing Liquors and beverages Ctiemicals and allied products Clay, glass, and stone products Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel Tobacco Vehicles for land transportation Shipbuilding Miscellaneous industries Number of estab- lish- ments. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 100.0 100.0 100.0 Value of prod- ucts. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 INDIVIDUAL. Number of estab- lish- ments. 52.7 61.8 45.3 34.5 49.0 44.0 67.6 63.9 29.5 41.4 44.5 83.9 47.4 61.4 42.8 Value of prod- ucts. 11.5 16.1 i:?.9 4.4 18.1 (=) 15.5 9.2 5.9 13.4 6.4 25.1 5.7 10.8 (=) Number of estab- lish- ments. 22.2 19.3 30.4 20.5 29.0 28.0 19.0 19.9 19.2 26.8 27.1 12.8 20.8 20.4 21.4 Value of prod- ucts. 14.4 14.6 28.0 5.9 18.9 28.3 11.6 6.2 8.5 14.2 8.6 18.1 4.6 7.2 11.4 INCORPORATED COMPANY. Number Of estab- lish- ments. 23.6 13.5 24.2 44.9 21.9 28.0 21.7 26.1 50.6 31.5 28.3 3.3 31.7 18.2 35.7 Value of prod- ucts. 73.7 67.8 59.1 89.7 62.9 59.7 72.3 84.6 85.6 72.1 84.9 56.8 80.6 82.0 79.3 MISCELLA^gftlfSj 1 Number of estab- lish- ments. 5.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 (1) Value of prod- ucts. 0.4, I') 0.1 1.7 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.1 (■) (') 0.6 ) 0.1 0.3 0.1 (') 0.1 n 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Table XIV.— SUMMARY FOR ESTABLISHMENTS, ! Omitted to avoid disclosing individual operations BY CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP, WITH PER CENT IN EACH CLASS: 1905. CHARACTER OF OWNER- ESTABLISH- MENTS. CAPITAL. WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. COST OF MATE- RIALS USED. VALUE OF PROD- UCTS. SHIP. Num- ber. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. Average number. Per cent. Wages. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. United States 216,262 100.0 S12, 686, 265, 673 100.0 5,470,321 100.0 $2,611,540,532 100.0 SI, 4.55, 019, 473 100.0 J8, 503, 949, 756 100.0 814,802,147,087 100.0 Individual 113,961 47,942 51, 156 3, 203 52.7 22.2 23.6 1.5 965,831,738 1, 188, 892, 836 10,510,811,355 20,729.744 7.6 9.4 82.8 0.2 765,972 841,280 3, 864, 549 8,520 13.8 15.4 70.6 0.2 346,860,219 380, 3.32, 213 1,879,659,645 4,798,455 13.3 14.5 72.0 0.2 146,990,869 198,934,017 1,106,189,403 2,905,184 10.1 13.7 76.0 0.2 878, 595, .541 1,202,420,608 6,381,670,469 41, 263, 138 10.3 14.1 76.1 0.5 1,702,980,808 2,]32,619,&30 10,912,080,421 54,466,028 11.5 Firm. 14.4 Iricorporated company 73.7 0.4 Individual ownersMp. — The number of establish- ments operated under individual ownership was largely in excess of the number for any of the other classes of control at both censuses. At the census of 1900 when the hand trades and neighborhood and mechanical in- dustries were included, 512,254 establishments were reported, and of this number 372,703, or 72.8 per cent, were operated by individual owners, while at the census of 1905, when 216,262 establishments were re- ported, 113,961, or 52.7 per cent, were operated by individuals. The reduction of establishments result- ing from the elimination of the neighborhood and mechanical industries was greater for this than for any other class of ownership. A decrease is shown in the proportion of products for establishments operated under this class of ownership in each of the selected industries for which the value of products is given in Table x, the greatest decrease, 7.4 per cent, occurring in the manufacture of cheese, butter, and condensed milk. With the exception of the manufacture of furniture and chewing and smok- ing tobacco and snuff, a decrease is also shown for the proportion of establishments in each of the industries in the table. Individual owliership is a characteristic of small establishments, and therefore, while the number of es- tablishments for this form of ownership exceeds the number for other forms, the magnitude of operations is considerably less. This statement is substantiated by Table viii, which shows that the value of the product for establishments in this class formed only 15.7 per cent of the total value of products for all manufactur- ing and mechanical industries except the hand trades and 9 additional industries at the census of 1900, and only 11.5 per cent for the factory industries at the census of 1905. Moreover, although more than half of the manufacturing establishments of the country were operated under individual ownership at the lat- ter census. Table xiv shows that they controlled only 7.6 per cent of the capital, gave employment to only 13.8 per cent of the wage-earners, and paid only 13.3 per cent of the aggregate wages. Therefore, aside from the number of establishments, the operations of the individual employer in the factory industries of the country is of comparatively small importance. ' In no state or territory do the operations of such establish- ments approach in magnitude those of the establish- ments controlled by incorporated companies. In 33 states and territories, however, the establishments of this class gave employment to a larger number of wage- earners than were reported for firms, and in 28 the value of their products exceeded that for the firms. Exceed- Ixii MANUFACTURES. ing the industries for which no firms were reported, the value of products for estabhshments operated by indi- vidual owners was in excess of the total for firms in 161 industries, and in 40 it was in excess of the total for in- corporated companies. While individual ownership was reported for practically all of the industdes at the cen- sus of 1905, the largest proportion of sjich owners were engaged in the manufacture of food and kindred prod- ucts, the 28,268 establishments operated by individ- uals in this group forming 24.8 per cent of the number so operated for all branches of industry. But from the percentages given in Table xiii it appears that individual ownership controlled the largest propor- tion (83.9 per cent) of establishments in the tobacco industry. This is due to the inclusion of reports for a large number of individual operators who manufacture cigars. Firms and limited partnerships. — This form of own- ership includes all firms and partnerships, whether gen- eral or limited. Although there are many large manu- facturing establishments operated by firms, the limita- tions imposed bj^ law upon the partnership render it unsuitable for great industrial enterprises. Each member of the ordinary partnership is liable for the debts of the partnership to the full extent of his resources, and the death of a partner operates, ipso facto, as a dissolution of the partnership with the con- sequent necessity of an immediate adjustment of the firm's affairs, which often results in the withdrawal of capital at a most inconvenient and critical period. This lack of stability prevents the formation of great combi- nations under this character of organization and ren- ders the participation of a large number of investors impracticable. Midway between the partnership and the corpora- tion is the limited partnership. This form of ownership is composed of two groups of partners, one engaging actively in the management of the business and incur- ring the unlimited liabilities of the ordinary partnership, and the other having no active control but furnishing the capital with a liability limited to the amount in- vested. While this is a step in advance of the ordi- nary partnership, the feature of unlimited liabilities still remains to prevent its adequate development for industrial enterprises. However, as each partner contributes to the enter- prise, a larger accumulation of capital is usual than in the case of the individual owner. The average estab- lishment operated by the firm or partnership reported a capital of $24,799, and an annual product valued at $44,483 as compared with $8,475 and $14,944, respec- tively, for that operated by the individual. Of the 512,254 establishments, including the mechan- ical and neighborhood industries, reported at the Twelfth Census, 96,715, or 18.9 per cent, were operated under this form of ownership. There were 47,942 es- tablishments, or 22.2 per cent, reported for this class/at the census of 1905. The number of establishments operated by firms was less in every state than the number operated by indi- viduals, but the proportion of the value of products for such establishments exceeded that of establishments controlled by individuals in 22 states, while the values for the two forms of ownership were equal in 1 state. The excess is noticeable in the large manufacturing states, such as New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Mas- sachusetts, and Ohio. Establishments operated by firms or partnerships existed in all but 16 of the 339 industries. In 6 indus- tries they predominated in the number of establish- ments; in 3, in both the number of establishments and the value of products; and in 23 others, in the value of products. As shown in Table xii, the group with the largest proportion of establishments controlled by firms, 19.8 per cent, was lumber and its remanufactures, and that with the largest proportion of products made in such establishments, 28.2 per cent, was textiles. The firm is a popular form for the ownership of the smaller lum- ber mills. The larger proportion for the value of prod- ucts in the manufacture of textiles is due primarily to the extensive establishments engaged in the manufac- ture of clothing. As shown by the percentages in Table x, the products for 1905 of the firms formed 55.6 per cent of the total for all establishments engaged in the manufacture of men's clothing and 51.9 per cent for those manufacturing women's clothing. The same table indicates that a decrease took place in the pro- portional product for all but one of the selected indus- tries for which the values are shown. The proportion for that one — millinery and lace goods — increased from 46.5 per cent, to 51.3 per cent. Incorporated companies. — As indicated above, the partnership and individual forms of ownership are not efficient agents under modern conditions for the best development of industry, and the corporation has been created hj law to supply their deficiencies. The right to exercise corporate powers is a franchise granted in this country by the legislatures of the different states. This grant may take the form of either a special charter or a general law under which individuals may volunta- rily combine and take to themselves corporate powers in accord with the provisions of the law. There are many variations in the general corporation laws of the different states, but common to all is the provision that insures the perpetual succession of members. In the ordinary industrial corporation this is obtained by means of interests represented by shares which are transferable at the option of the holder, whose rights pass to the assignee upon the recording of the transfer. Thus, unlike the partnership, continuity of existence is guaranteed and the stockholder . can lose nothing beyond the investment which his holdmgs represent. These characteristics have rendered the corporation the most useful and, in fact, an essential instrument for ESTABLISHMENTS AND CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. Ixiii the exploitation of great industrial projects, and have made possible tremendous aggregations of capital. Wherever large capital may be employed to advan- tage and economies of production are made possible by concentration of management and the control of allied industries, the corporation has practically supplanted all other forms of ownership. The principal industries of the country owe their great development very largely to the influence of corporations. It is not strange, therefore, that from every standpoint of statistical measurement, except the number of establishments, this form of ownership should be the most important. The establishments operated In* corporations produced 59.5 per cent of the value of all products, including those of the hand trades and neighborhood industries, at the census of 1900', and 73.7 per cent for those in- cluded in the factory census of 1905. Furthermore, Table xiv shows that at the latter census corporations furnished 82. S per cent of the capital, employed 70.6 per cent of the total number of wage-earners, paid 72 per cent of the wages, and expended 75.1 per cent of the total cost of materials. The proportion of the product manufactured by in- corporated companies increased in each of the selected industries for which the value of products is given in Table x. The greatest increase, 17 per cent, is shown for the manufacture of boots and shoes. South Dakota was the only state in which the value of products of establishments controlled by incorpo- rated companies formed less than 50 per cent of the total for all establishments. For Alaska, Arizona, and 14 states the value of products of incorporated compa- nies formed more than 80 per cent of the total value. Exclusive of the industries for which no corporations were reported the value of products for incorporated companies exceeded the value for either of the other forms of ownership in all but 49 of the 339 industries shown in the general tables. In number the corpora- tions exceeded the individuals and the firms in 167 industries and in 9 industries they manufactured the entire product. Miscellaneous ownership. — This class of ownership is relatively of small importance when compared with any of the other forms of organization. It is of especial interest, however, because most of the establishments included in it are operated by cooperative associations, whose organization involves a radical change in the industrial system. Productive cooperative associa- tions are capitalized and controlled by the operatives. They have made little impression upon industrial life in this country, and, except in isolated cases, are con- fined to industries requiring small capital and pre- senting few of the operating difficulties of a modern factory. MPG — PT 1 — 07 V Because of the comparatively simple processes usu- ally involved in the manufacture of food preparations from farm products, it is not surprising that cooper- ative associations are most numerous in the "food and kindred products " group. Of the 3,203 establishments tabulated under miscellaneous ownership in Table xi, 2,479, or 77.4 per cent, were in the "food and kindred products" group, and of these, 2,433 were engaged in the manufacture of butter and cheese. Cooperative creameries are the most numerous examples of produc- tive cooperation in this country and in 1905 were reported in 31 states, forming in several, notably Min- nesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Pennsylvania, a large percentage of the total number of establishments en- gaged in the production of butter and cheese. The majority of such establishments have certain joint- stock and certain cooperative features, and the share- holders are generall)'^ farmers who band themselves together for the purpose of furnishing a steady market for their milk and escaping the heavy losses occasioned by irresponsible milkmen. Table 9 shows that the aver- age value of products for creameries operated under the cooperative system is less than the average value for those controlled by the other forms of organization. Another feature of the cooperative creameries is the small salaries reported for salaried officials. These officials are generally members of the cooperative asso- ciation, who give but a small part of their time to work in connection with the association. Profit sharing is often erroneously ispoken of as a form of cooperation. Cases of profit sharing are fre- quent in this country, but none presents the essential, features of true cooperation. Gener all Vj profit sharing is the result of business policy and doel not alter the form of organization which existed before the feature was introduced. It is really extra wages paid to labor out of the profits as an incentive for the economical use of materials^ and greater productivity, without chang- ing the relationship of employer and employee. There- fore such cases relate to forms of ownership other than cooperative and few, if any, will be found in the mis- cellaneous group. Probably a number of productive cooperative associations have incorporated and con- sequently are lost to the miscellaneous group, since they are classed with corporations. The other forms of ownership which comprise the miscellaneous class were principally societies — frater- nal, college, etc. — printing and publishing newspapers and periodicals. In 1900 there were 174 such societies with a product valued at $3,102,785, which increased to 516 establishments with a product of $3,801,140 at the census of 1905. CHAPTER IT. CAPITAL. It is impossible to formulate an inquiry for capital that can be satisfactorily applied to all branches of manufactures in a general, industrial census. With slight modificatidn, the inquiry of the Eleventh Cen- sus was used at the censuses of 1900 and 1905. This inquiry was designed to develop the full amount of cap- ital both owned and borrowed, and while the statistics obtained by its application are not as definite as the data for other subjects covered by the census, it is doubtful if more nearly accurate totals could be se- cured by the use of any other series of questions. The use of the same form of inquiry at the different cen- suses has the great advantage of obtaining results that are comparable. The inquiry, with its accompanying instructions, was as follows: 3. CapitEd invested — owned and borrowed: The answer must show the total amount of capital, both owned and borrowed. All the Items of fixed and live capital may be taken at the amounts carried on the books. If land or buildings are rented, that fact should be stated and no value given. If a part of the land or buildings is owned, the remainder being rented, the fact should be stated, and only the value of the owned property given. The value of all items of live capital, bills receivable, unsettled ledger accounts, materials on hand, stock in process of manufacture, finished products and cash on hand, etc., should be given as of the last day of the business year reported. Land S Buildings S Machinery, tools, and implements S Bills receivable, unsettled ledger accounts, raw materials, stock in process of manufacture, finished products and cash on hand, and other sundries .... S Total capital ? Defects in the statistics. — The defects in the statis- tics of capital are frequenth" referred to in the Census reports. They are given in detail in the report of the Twelfth Census ' and may be summarized as follows : 1. It is impossible to define the word "capital" for statistical measurement so that the thing measured shall be tangible, restricted, and uniform. 2. The value of "fixed capital" — land, buildings, and machinery — is dependent upon conditions of which a census can take no cognizance. 3. The difficulties attending the collection of statis- tics for live capital — cash on hand, bills receivable, unsettled accounts, etc.— preclude the possibility of reliable results. 4. It is impossible to eliminate the duplications in gross assets and in credit capital. 5. Good will, patents, mining rights, etc., are forms of capital for which no satisfactory value can be ob- tained. 6. Many manufacturing companies have invest- ments other than those required to carry on the manu- facturing operations, such as railroads and steamships and timber lands, and it is impossible to segregate the capital that pertains strictly to manufacturing. 'Twelfth Census, Manufactures, Part I, page xcvi. (Ixiv) 7. Many corporations contend that they have but one capital account and it relates to the value of the capital stock and bonds, and therefore it is impossible to make a report of the actual or commercial value of their property as distinct from its earning capacity and other features which are considered in fixing the capi- talization. On the theory that relatively the same defects, omis- sions, and duplications occur in the statistics of capital at the different censuses, the totals may be accepted as indicating the increase, although they do not repre- sent the actual value of capital invested in all branches of manufactures. The total for the census of 1905 was $12,686,265,673 and the revised total for 1900 was $8,978,825,200, an increase of $3,707,440,473, or 41.3 per cent. The 304,692 establishments reported at the census of 1900 as engaged in the mechanical and neighborhood industries which were omitted from the census of 1905, had a capital of $838,609,599, Only the total capital was revised for the census of 1900 and it is impossible to make a comparison of the amounts for land, buildings, machinery, etc., with those for the factory census of 1905, but the statistics are shown separately for each item at the latter census in Table XV, which also gives the percentage that each item forms of the total. CAPITAL. Ixv Table XY. — Capital invested: 19or, Total. Amount. $12,686,205,t"a Land Buildings Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sundries SS0,550,C.25 1,996,125,808 3,489,759,830 «, 21(1,829, 404 In accordance with the practice of former censusts the value of rented property was omitted from the re- port of 1905. The rent paid for land, buildings, and machinery, exclusive of the rent of offices, amounted to $73,267,209. If this gross rent were capitalized at 8 per cent, it would represent $915,840,112 as the value of rented property, which, added to the capital, gives an aggregate of §13,602,105,785. The exclusion of the capital for the group of ' 'hand trades" and 9 industries omitted from the census of 1905 from the total for the census of 1900 leaves a capital of $9,343,675,622, of which land formed 10.5 per cent, buildings 14. S per cent, machinery, tools, and implements 26.3 per cent, and cash and sundries 48.4 per cent. While the inclusion in this total of 66,143 establishments of the class omitted from the census of 1905 destroys the value of a comparison of the figures to show the increase or decrease in the amounts, the percentages indicate that there has been a decrease in the proportional value of land and an increase in that for each of the other items of capital. The Census statistics of capital are too general and contain too many defects and uncertainties to justify. their use in computing the average amount of capital • required for a product of a given value. They may be accepted as showing in a general way that the ratio of capital to product has been increasing, and that industries in which large and costly machinery is employed require a larger ratio of capital to product than the industries where the machinery is limited or the processes are comparatively simple. The omis- sion of the neighborhood and mechanical industries confines the statistics to industries in which machinery is more generally employed, and it follows that a larger proportion of capital is shown for buildings and machinery than is indicated by the totals for prior censuses, which were not limited in this manner. In addition to the uncertainties attending the sta- tistics of capital, the comparison of the reports of the same establishment for the censuses of 1900 and 1905 made it evident that in a number of cases amounts had been reported for capital that are entirely out of proportion with all other statistics returned by the same establishment. In some instances establish- ments employing practically the same number of wage- earners, paying about the same amount in wages, and manufacturing products of nearly the same value in 1905 and in 1900, reported a very large increase or decrease in the capital invested. The amounts, how- ever, were certified by the manufacturers as correct, and in the absence of other information they were accepted l:)y the Office. Increases in capital which are apparently inconsistent with the increases in prod- ucts have been reported where establishments were reorganized and recapitalized betwteen the censuses. This is especially evident in cases where formerly inde- pendent plants have been brought under the same management during the period. It is true that the radical change in the form of in- quiry at the cejisus of 1890 largely destroyed the utility of the statistics for comparison with prior censuses. Still, the conclusion is inevitable that the amount of capital invested in manufactures has been increasing more rapidly than the value of the products. When the totals for the censuses of 1900 and 1905 are con- sidered, it appears that in 42 states and territories the capital increased at a greater ratio than the value of products and in 21 the excess was more than 20 per cent. In only 9 states and territories was the ratio of increase in products greater than the ratio of in- crease in capital. Exclusive of 7 industries in which capital increased and products decreased there were 88 industries shown in Table 1 in which the percentage of increase for capital was 20 per cent in excess of the percentage of increase in value of products, and only 35 in which the increase in products was in excess of the increase in capital by such a large ratio. A great variation in this respect is shown for the establishments in cities as compared with those in rural districts. For the former the capital in- creased 34.2 per cent and the value of products, 26.6 per cent; for the latter the capital increased 58.7 per cent and the value of products, only 37.4 per cent. Tables xvi and xvii are comparative tables show- ing some of the striking inconsistencies in the increases in capital and value of products. These tables are presented to illustrate the lack of harmony in the statistics and to indicate the reasons why the totals should not be used to show the relation of capital to product. Table xvi compares, for 1900 and 1905, the number of establishments, the total capital, the different items of capital, and the value of products for several in- dustries showing a much larger ratio of increase for capital than for products. Ixvi MANUFACTURES. Table XVI.— EIGHT SELECTED INDUSTRIES WITH A GREATER RATIO OF INCREASE IN CAPITAL THAN IN VALUE OF PRODUCTS, BY STATES AND CITIES: 1905 AND 1900. INDUSTRY AND LOCATION. Coke: Colorado. Per cent of increase . Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies: Pennsylvania Per cent of increase. Food preparations: New York . Per cent of increase. Iron and steel forgings: Pennsylvania Per cent of increase. Iron and steel:^ New York . . Per cent of increase. New Jersey Per cent of increase- Rice, cleaning and polishing: Louisiana Per cent of increase. Tobacco, chewing and smoking, and snuff: Missouri Per cent of increase St. Louis Per cent of increase.. Kentucky Per cent of increase Louisville Per cent of increase. Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes: Virginia Per cent of increase Richmond Per cent of increase. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 1905 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 13 9 44.4 63 27.0 156 123 26.8 36 24 50.0 29 30 13.3 21 25 1 16. 43 37 16.2 17 22 122.7 54 59 18.6 21 24 112.5 95 89 6.7 26 22 18.2 Total. i S3, 128, 136 928, 874 236.8 58,393,011 20,967,587 178.5 16,953,773 3, 333, 760 408 6 18,003,445 2, 568, 629 600.9 63,497,095 12,183,866 421. 2 51,694,677 19,971,609 168 9 6,138,228 1,818,144 237. 6 51,784,817 7,020,479 637.6 51,706,559 6,757,781 665.1 21,268,822 3, 485, 793 610.2 20,072,797 2,894,999 593.4 12, 480, 175 780,261 1, 499. 5 9, 833, 393 521,839 1,784.4 $30,200 27,700 9.0 2, 674, 606 362, 348 638.2 739, 463 259, 000 185.5 878, 359 239,734 266.4 4,197,830 1,715,094 144.8 4, 668, 627 1,668,608 181. 5 421,005 119, 109 253.5 389, 161 307,050 26.7 385, 461 294, 600 30.8 178, 500 86, 938 105.3 145,162 65, 240 122.5 62, 690 25, 330 108 34, 650 15, 096 129.6 Buildings. 543,297 95, 325 154.6 4, 419, 640 2,406,873 83.6 1.688,844 763, 100 111.0 1, 393, 726 168, 118 729.0 17,067,809 2,494,419 584.2 8, 505, 069 2, 430, 631 249.9 1,141,232 450, 260 153.6 2,271,463 1, 568, 905 44.8 2,260,853 1,549,208 45.9 877, 218 680, 984 61.0 746, 891 511,074 46.1 502,374 80, 800 521,8 417", 432 63,125 561,3 Machinery, tools, and imple- ments. Cash and sundries. S3, 029, 639 763, 382 296.9 5, 456, 045 2, 924, 209 86.6 1,450,735 620, 909 133.7 1,971,439 805,369 144.8 25, 409, 384 2,711,409 837.1 14,665,144 3, 350, 834 334.7 1,666,692 522, 250 219.2 913,641 966, 199 14.4 905,800 910, 907 10.6 925,779 726,253 27.5 774, 844 033, 813 22.3 846, 968 230,052 268.2 693,385 213,094 225.4 S25,000 42, 467 141.1 45,843,720 15,274,167 200.1 13,174,741 1,700,751 674. 6 13,759,921 1, 355, 408 915.2 16,822,072 5, 262, 944 219.6 23, 965, 837 12, 631, 536 91.2 2, 909, 299 726, 625 300.4 48, 210, 572 4, 188, 325 1,061.1 48, 154, 456 4,003,086 1,102.9 19,287,325 2,091,618 822.1 18, 406, 900 1,684,872 992.4 11,078,143 444, 079 2,394.6 8,687.926 230; 526 3, 668. 8 Value of products. 81,723,276 1,213,661 42.0 26, 257, 569 19, 112, 666 37.4 11,408,030 7, 405, 641 64.1 3,326,601 3, 369, 643 11.3 29, 862, 136 13, 858, 653 115.6 23, 667, 483 24,381,699 12.9 10,718,311 6, ?36, 451 86.9 27, 836, 422 25,101,446 10.9 27,703,258 24,411,307 13.5 13,117,000 14, 948, 192 112.3 11,636.367 13, 693, 700 115.0 6,106,936 4, 843, 641 26.1 4,417,544 4,389,746 0.6 1 Decrease. *In 1905 includes establishments as follows: Iron and steel, blast furnaces, 9; iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills, 20. The statistics for the manufacture of coke are con- fined to oven coke produced from bituminous coal and consumed largely in the manufacture of pig iron. It does not include gas-house coke obtained as a by- product in the manufacture of illuminating gas. The equipment of a number of the principal coke producing plants with extensive by-product ovens is one of the reasons for the large increase in capital. The by- product oven was introduced in the United States in 1893, and a number of such ovens have been installed since the census of 1900. The large increase in capital for the coke industry in Colorado shown by Table xvi occurred principally in the item of "machinery, tools, and implements," which includes the value of ovens, and was due to increased values represented by the equipment of one of the principal plants in the state. During the past decade there has been an unprece- dented development in the manufacture of electrical machinery, and since 1900 a large amount of new cap- ital has been invested in the industry. One of the principal companies engaged in the industry reported a large increase in capital, and it is possible that thenew equipment had not been in operation long enough to produce a corresponding increase in product. The excessive increase in capital shown for the manu- facture of food preparations in New York is due pri- marily to the establishment of a very large plant at Niagara Falls since 1900. The capital for the manufacture of iron and steel forgings in Pennsylvania increased 600.9 per cent while the value of products decreased 1.3 per cent. One of the large establishments reported for this industry at the census of 1905 was engaged primarily in the manu- facture of railroad cars at the census of 1900. The change in the character of its products was not fully accomplished prior to the census year and resulted in CAPITAL. IxvLi the assignment of a large capital to the industry with- out a correspondingly large product. The excessive increase in capital invested in the iron and steel industry in New York is due in part to the establishment of a very large plant which was not in operation long enough during the census year to have a product commensurate with the investment. One or two of the large companies engaged in the manufacture of iron and steel in New Jersey contended that stock values were the only values that could be given for capital, and the amounts reported were very much in excess of the values for the Twelfth Census. While the capital for "rice cleaning and polishing" in Louisiana shows a larger percentage of increase than the value of products, both items have increased rap- idly since 1900, and the excessive increase in capital is due probably to the fact that in the rapid development sufficient time had not elapsed for capital and products to assume their normal relationship. The capital reported at the census of 1905 for the manufacture of chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff in the state of Missouri was an increase of 637.6 per cent over the amount reported at the census of 1900, while the value of products increased only 10.9 per cent. Large increases in capital and comparatively small increases or actual decreases in value of products are sho\vn for the same industry, and for the man^ifac- ture of cigars and cigarettes in the other localities given in the above table. The inconsistencies in the capital and product reported for these two industries for the states and cities named in the table are so great that they affect the totals for all establishments engaged in the manufacture of tobacco,, which increased from $111,.517,318 to $323,983,501, or 190.5 percent, in capital and from .1263,713,173 to $331,117,681, or 25.6 per cent, in gross value of products. The abnor- mal increase in capital is due to the very large increase in the item of "cash and sundries." During the period between the censuses a number of the large companies engaged in this industry were reorganized, brought under the control of a single corporation, and recapitalized. It is probable that in preparing the Census reports the new management placed a higher valuation on the properties and possibly also included some assets under "cash and sundries" that were brought into existence through the reorganization. As explained above, there is a constant tendency on the part of corporations to equalize the values covered by the Census inquiry concerning capital with the value of their authorized capital stock and bonds, and it is possible that this may account in part for the large capital reported for the manufacture of tobacco at the census of 1905. Table xvii compares, for 1900 and 1905, the num- ber of establishments, the total capital, the different items of capital, and the value of products for several industries in certain states showing a much larger ratio of increase for value of products than for capital. Table XVII.— FIVE SELECTED INDUSTRIES WITH A GREATER RATIO OF INCREASE IN VALUE OF PRODUCTS THAN IN CAPITAL, BY STATES AND CITIES: 1905 AND 1900. INDUSTRY AND LOCATION. Canning and preserving, fish : Maine Per cent of increase. Oregon Per cent of increase . Liquors, malt: Maryland Per cent of increase Baltimore Per cent of increase. Census. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 Smelting and refining, not from the ore: New .Tersey Per cent of increase . Turpentine and rosin: Alabama Per cent of increase . Florida Per cent of increase. Wit-e: New Jersey Per cent oi increase . 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 141 117 20.5 24 4.2 21 16 31.2 16 12 33.3 13 8 1)2. 5 144 152 15.3 406 :366 10.9 4 3 33.3 82,144,690 8,481,066 174.7 1,653,097 2,658,042 135.4 6,486,090 13,857,323 153.2 5,564,493 9,689,087 142.6 5,469,326 2,161,964 153.0 767,048 1,176,391 1 34. 8 2,939,275 6,526,618 146.8 2,047,126 1,105, 304 85.2 5105,085 137,355 123.1 340,387 127,622 166.9 670,094 589,246 13.3 493, 109 473,246 4.2 745,959 140,830 429.7 13,150 626,973 197.6 63,253 3,206 099 198.0 80, 184 42,500 102.8 Buildings. $494,275 740,316 133.2 376,286 1,639,129 1 75.6 2,474,328 9,952,309 176.1 2,182,942 6,930,307 ■68.6 261,666 201.9 88, 706 111,929 120.8 443, 186 488,376 19.3 374, 477 73,194 411.6 Machinery, tools, and imple- ments. 8484,55,1 2,045,117 1 71;. 3 413,948 363,795 13.8 1,440,909 1,484,183 12.9 1,182,445 1,000,629 18.2 868,140 1,585,400 1 46.2 218,860 161,773 35. 3 663, 681 562, 172 18.1 570,094 153,113 272.3 Cash and sundries. 81,060,176 5,558,269 180.9 522,476 628, 196 11.1 2,000,759 1,831,685 9.2 1,705,997 1,284,905 32.8 3,065,387 174,068 1,661.0 446,333 376,716 18.5 1,769,156 1,269,971 39.3 1,016,371 836,497 21.5 Value of products. 85,055,091 4,779,733 5.8 2,577,746 1,788,809 44.1 4,967,063 4,133,797 20.2 4,186,170 2,934,028 42.6 7,034,139 469,224 1,399.1 2, 434, 365 2,033,705 19.7 9,901,905 6,469,605 53. ,1 11,103,959 3,375,095 229.0 1 Decrease. Ixviii MANUFACTURES. One of the largest companies engaged in the canning and preserving of fish in the state of Maine at the cen- sus of 1900 discontinued business during 1903. While some of the plants controlled by it were in operation during 1904 and were included in the census of 1905, the discontinuance of the compan}- evidently resulted in a readjustment of the capital for the industry and caused the decrease shown in Table xvii. The de- crease- in the capital for this industry in the state of Oregon is due principally to the fact that one of the largest companies reported in 1900 was idle during the entire 3^ear of 1904. However, the active establishments in both states reported an increased production. The capital reported for the manufacture of malt liquors in Maryland at the census of 1905 was a de- crease of 53.2 per cent from the amount reported for 1900, while the product increased 20.2 per cent. This condition is due to the capital and products reported for the establishments in the city of Baltimore which changed ownership and were reorganized duiing the period between the censuses. Either some of the buildings were abandoned between 1900 and 1905, or the compan}^ placed a much lower valuation on its real estate at the last ceiisus than that given by the owners at the census of 1900. The abnormal increase in the value of the product as compared with the capital in the industry of "smelt- ing and refining, not from the ore," in New Jersey is due chiefly to the fact that one large establishment, classi- fied at the census of 1900 as "smelting and refining, copper," made such a change in the character of its principal product that it was assigned to this industry at the census of 1905. A similar condition in the manufacture of wire in the same state is explained by the establishment of a very large plant during the time between the censuses. Both of these industries are of the character that permits of a rapid turning over of capital, and therefore do not require so large an investment for a given product as is necessary in other branches of manufactures. A large proportion of the establishments show a much smaller relative increase in capital than in products. The decrease in the capital reported for the turpen- tine and rosin industry in Alabama and Florida is due largely to a change in Census methods. The esti- mated value of the turpentine orchards when owned by the distiller was included in the capital reported for the census of 1900. The vast majority of the orchards were not owned by the operators of the distilleries, and the inclusion of their value for the comparatively few cases in which they were owned was misleading. In order to compile the data on uniform lines at the cen- sus of 1905, the land included in capital was confined to that on which the buildings were located and which was necessary to the actual operation of the distillery. The explanations of the apparently inconsistent increases in capital and products shown in Tables xvi and XVII illustrate the different factors that should be considered in accepting the statistics. In addition to the inherent defects attending the application of any uniform series of questions to the collection of statistics of capital, the use of general Census methods is apt to lead to an overestimate of the capital by some and an underestimate by other manufacturers. Then, as pre- viously explained, capital as reported to the Census does not include rented property. It is possible that these underestimates and overestimates of capital for the individual establishments counterbalance and the grand total comes near to reflecting actual conditions. The general understanding is that the universal use of machinery and the demands for production on a large scale at a minimum profit per unit have resulted in in- creasing the amount of capital required for a product of a given value. At any rate, the average amount of capital required for a product of $100 as computed from the census totals for all branches of manufactures shows a constant increase from census to census ex- cept from 1860 to 1870, when values were disturbed by the depreciation in currency. Capital stock of corporations. — Incorporated compa- nies were requested to report the value of land, build- ings, machinery, etc., as distinct from their capitaliza- tion, but a number contended that such a segregation was impracticable, and to be complete, the inquiry should be extended so as to cover the value of capital stock and bonds of incorporated companies. But many incorporated companies are engaged in other en- terprises than manufacturing, and own other proper- ties such as mines, railroads, and steamship lines. As a rule, the capitalization of such companies covers all of their investments and it is impossible to make a seg- regation of the value of the capital stock and bonds that would show the amoimts represented by the plants de- voted to manufacturing. CHAPTER T. EMPLOYEES AND WAGES AND TIME IX OPEKATIOX. PERSONS EMPLOYED, SALARIES, AND AVAGES. The inquiries concerning persons employed were formulated in greater detail than those for any of the other items of statistical information covered by the schedule, and every precaution was taken to secure results as accurate as Census methods would permit. In the past, for the purpose of increasing the accuracy and scientific value of the information collected, radical changes have been made in the form of the questions. These changes and their effect upon the results of the censuses at which they occurred are explained on pages Ixxxiii and Ixxxiv. At the census of 1900, however, a great advance was made over all previous attempts in this direction, with the result that the census of 1905 has produced for the first time statistics of persons em- ployed which are comparable in every essential particu- lar with the figures of the preceding census. Form of inquiry. — The inquiries used at the census of 1905 were as follows: 4. Proprietors and firm members: Men, number Women, number Give the number of proprietors and firm members, including both active and silent partners. Do not include stockholders of corporations. 5. Salaried employees: Salaried officers of corporations Superintendents, managers, foremen, clerks, and other salaried employet'^: Men , Total amount paid in salaries during the year. Women S . Total ' $ . 6. Wage-earners, including pieceworkers: Do not include salaried employees reported above. Men 16 years and over Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 year." . . Total Greatest number employed at any one time during the year. Least number employed at any one time during the year. Total amount paid in wages during the year. Salaries and wages should include board or rent furnished as part compensation. Foremen receiving wages and performing work similar to that of the men over whom they have charge are to be reported as wage-earners. If books do not show the separate amount of wages paid to men, women, and children, apportion the total wages for the year upon the basis of an average pay roll. Amounts paid for contract work, if not done by the regular employees, must not be included here, but reported in answer to Inquiry 8. 7. Average number of wage-earners, including pieceworkers, employed during each, month; Do not include proprietors and firm members, or salaried officers, superintendents, managers, foremen, or clerks. January. . February. March April May June Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. July August . . . . September. October November. , December . Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. (Ixix) Ixx MANUFACTURES. 11. Classified earnings of •wage-earners, including* pieceworkers, for the ■week during ■which the largest number of persons was employed: For week ending 1904. Distribute employees according to actual earnings (not rates) for one week only. If period of payment includes two weeks, or any time other than one week, reduce the pay roll to a weekly basis before entering the figures for this inquiry. Do not include proprietors, firm members, officials, superintendents, managers, foremen, or clerks. EARNINGS PER WEEK. Total. Men 16 years and over, number. Women 16 years and over, number. Children under 16 years, number. Under $3 per'week $3 and over, but under $4 ' $4 and over, but under $5 S5 and over, but under §6 . . . . $0 and over, but under $7 $7 and over, but under §8 |8 and over, but under §9 $9 and over, but under |10 |10 and over, but under $12 $12 and over, but under $15 $15 and over, but under $20 $20 and over, but under $25 $25 and over : Total number $.::..:.::.. Total wages for the week : $..: $ 1 These inquiries — save Inquiry 11 — were identical with the questions used at the census of 1900, except that the inquiry of 1900 called for the "greatest" and "least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year," of "proprietors and firm members," "salaried officers of corporations," and "general superintendents, managers, clerks, and salesmen," respectively, while the inquiry of 1905 relating to sal- aried employees called for only the number in each of these classes. But although the inquiries them- selves were practically the same, the arrangement was different. In 1900 all the questions concerning per- sons employed were arranged under a common head and the separate totals added to a single aggregate; whereas in 1905 each group — that composed of pro- prietors and firm members, the salaried group, and the wage-earning group — was listed separately, with distinct totals as indicated above. The instructions concerning answers to the inquiries at the census of 1900 differed slightly from those of 1905, and were given on the last page of the schedule and not in immediate connection with the inquiry, as at the latter census. They were as follows : Irujuiry 5 — Persons employed. — Account for all persons engaged in the business, both in the management and in production. Give the total salaries and wages paid, which should include board or rent furnished as part compensation. Give the number of proprietors and firm members, and, if they are not paid salaries, so state on the schedule. Stoclcholders of corporations are not to be reported unless they are salaried officials. Amounts paid for outside con- tract work must not be included in the wages, but be reported in answer to Inquiry 8. No inquiry was made at the census of 1900 to corre- spond with Inquiry 11, "Classified earnings of wage- earners," at the census of 1905. Statistics derived from Inquiry 1 1 will be made the subject of a separate report. Changes in 1900. — Because of changes made in 1900 in the form of inquiries covering salaried employees and wage-earners, comparisons with previous cen- suses are of slight value. The result of these changes, with reference to comparisons with the census of 1890, was fully explained in the Twelfth Census Report on Manufactures,^ as follows: Changes inform of inquiry . — The principal changes in the form of the inquiry were three in number: I. General superintendents and managers, many of whom, owing to a misunderstanding of the schedule, were included in the class of skilled workmen in 1890, were reported in 1900 with other sala- ried employees, except salaried officers of corporations, who formed a separate group. II. Proprietors and firm members were eliminated from the class of salaried officials, and reported separately without salaries. ' III. The schedules of 1890 made no pro-vision for reporting the average number of employees for each month, and the average num- ber was in most cases based upon the actual time each establish- ment was in operation, and not upon the entire twelve months of the year, as was the case in 1900. The first of these changes has affec,ted all classes of industries, but the exact results of the change can not be established by deduction from the statistics presented. Many of the general superintendents and managers, and their salaries, were included in the first item on the schedule for employees and wages in 1900, which called for op- eratives, engineers, and other skilled workmen; overseers, foremen, or superintendents (not general superintendents or managers). No provision was made elsewhere for "general superintendents or man- agers," except as they were inferentially called for under the head of "officers or firm members," which is commonly assumed to apply to the official staff of a corporation. An examination of the sched-, ules of 1890 gives reason for believing that in many instances these salaried officials were included among skilled workmen. The second change, compared with 1890, resulted in reducing the number of salaried officials and total salaries in all classes of indus- tries. ' Part I, pages ciii and civ. 2 In the comparative tables published in the state reports in Part II, and m many of the special reports in Parts III and IV, refer- ence IS made to the following note against the number of salaried officials, clerks, etc., and salaries, in 1890: "Includes proprietors- and firm members, with their salaries, number onlv reported in 1900." It should be stated that in such cases the number of pro- prietors and firm members in 1900 is not included in the number of salaried officials, although this might perhaps be inferred from the wording of the note. EMPLOYEES AND WAGES AND TIME IN OPERATION. Ixxi At the census of 1890 the number and salaries of proprietors and firm members actively engaged in business or in its supervision were reported, combined with clerks and other officials. In cases where proprietors and firm members were reported without salaries, the amount that would ordinarily be paid for such services wa^ esti- mated. It is impossible to segregate the number of proprietors and firm members, with their compensation, from the number of sala- ried officials, managers, clerks, etc.. with their salaries. At the census of 1900 the number of proprietors and firm members actively engaged in the industry or in supervision was ascertained, and no salaries were reported for them, since it is an almost universal rule that their compensation is not a fixed sum, but is dependent upon the earnings of the enterprise. No conclusions should be drawn from the general tables in which censuses prior to IQOOarecompared, with- out bearing in mind the eiJect of the changes in 1900. Persons eiiifloijcd — g/'oup-s. The evolution of statis- tics concei-ning persons employed has developed well- defined distinctions between three groups, as follows: (1) The operating group, composed of proprietors and firm members; (2) the salaried group, composed of salaried ofhcials, superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. ; and (3) the wage-earning group, composed of skilled and unskilled labor of both sexes. The mem- bers of the first group receive no fixed remuneration, and only the number of persons composing it was col- lected in 1900 and 1905. Table xvin is a comparative table which shows the number of persons in each of the two remaining groups and the amount of money paid them in 1900 and 1905. Table XVIII.— EMPLOYEES AND SALARIES AND WAGES: 1905 AND 1900. 190.1 1900 Per cent of increase. Number. Per cent of total. Salaries and wages. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. Salaries and wages. Per cent of total. Number. Salaries and wages. Total 5,990,072 100.0 S3, 186, 301, 763 100.0 6, 079, 225 100.0 $2,390,624,890 100.0 17.9 33.3 Salaried officials, clerks, etc .519,751 •5,470,321 8.7 91.3 574,761,231 2,611,540,532 18.0 82.0 364, 202 14,715,023 7.2 92.8 380,889,091 2,009,735,799 15.9 84.1 42.7 ■ 16.0 50.9 29.9 1 Average number. The table shows that the number of employees en- gaged in manufactures during the census year was 5,990,072, a gain of 17.9 per cent over the correspond- ing figures for 1900. Of the total number employed, as reported in 1905, 8.7 per cent were salaried officials, clerks, etc., and 91.3 per cent were wage-earners. The census of 1905 reported the immense sum of 13,186,301,763 as expended in salaries and wages, an increase of 34.5 per cent over the returns for 1900. Of this total, 18 per cent went to salaried officials, clerks, etc.; and the balance to wage-earners. The increase in the amount paid to the members of the salaried group was 50.9 per cent and in wages to the wage-earning group, 29.9 per cent, as against an in- crease in number of 42.7 per cent in the former group, and of 16 per cent in the latter. These percentages indicate increases in the average earnings of both classes. Table xix is a comparative summary showing the distribution of salaried employees and wage-earners, together with the salaries and wages paid them, by states and geographic divisions, for 1900 and 1905. Table XIX.— SALARIED EMPLOYEES AND SALARIES, WAGE-EARNERS— MEN, WOMEN, AND CHILDREN— AND WAGES DISTRIBUTED ACCORDING TO GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS, STATES, AND TERRITORIES: 1905 AND 1900. GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION, STATE OR TERRITORY. United States New England states Maine New Hampshire . - . Vermont Massachusetts . — Rhode Island Connecticut Census. \ 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 SALARIED EMPLOYEES. 519, 751 364, 202 60, 258 45,402 3,772 3, 103 2,666 2,068 2,053 1,695 32, 824 25,256 5,420 4,022 13, 523 9:258 $574,761,231 380, 889, 091 72, 799, 265 53, 396, 463 3,988,797 3, 050, 676 2, 972, 107 2, 199, 676 2, 102, 708 1,610,514 39, 654, 624 29, 479, 742 7, 040, 678 6, 300, 576 17,040,351 11,755,279 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Average number. 5, 470, 321 4,715,023 940, 752 851,903 74, 958 69, 914 65, 366 67, 646 33, 106 28, 179 488, 399 438, 234 97, 318 88,197 181, 605 1.59, 733 Wages. S2, 611, 540, 532 2, 009, 735, 799 439, 050, 232 367, 674, 353 32,691,7,59 25, 730, 735 27, 693, 203 25, 849, 631 15,221,059 11, 426, 548 232, 388, 946 195, 278, 276 43, 112, 637 35,995,101 87,942,628 73, 394, 062 4, 244, 538 3, 635, 236 Men 16 years and over. Average number. 650, 148 582, 572 56, 662 50, 382 44, 483 45, 413 28, 321 23, 954 326, 586 292,019 61,346 55, 305 132, 750 115, 499 Wages. $2, 266, 273, 317 1,736,347,184 345,138,972 288, 229, 968 27, 315, 682 20,981,559 20, 865, 433 19,321,185 13, 818, 386 10,341,995 178, 513, 343 150, 524, 869 31,797,035 26, 611, 661 72,829,093 60, 448, 699 Women 16 years and over. Average number. 1,0''€,884 918,511 263, 660 244, 541 16, 825 17,357 19,916 20,594 4, 669 3,973 147,044 133, 890 30, 742 27,907 44, 554 40, 820 Wages. §317,279,008 248,814,074 88, 086, 476 74, 804, 609 5, 106, 692 4, 445, 865 6, 640, 451 6,199,947 1,362,144 1,042,145 50,521,465 42, 344, 591 10, 245, 356 8, 483, 533 14, 210. 367 12, 288, 528 Children under 16 years. Average number. 159, 899 161,276 26, 954 24,790 1,471 2,175 967 1,639 216 252 14, 769 12, 325 6,230 4,985 4,301 3,414 Wages. $27, 988, 207 24, 574, 541 5, 824, 785 4,639,776 269, 385 303, 311 187, 319 328, 499 40, 529 42,408 3, 364, 138 2, 408, 816 1,070,246 899,907 903, 168 6.56, 835 Ixxii MANUFACTURES. Table XIX.— SALARIED EMPLOYEES AND SALARIES, WAGE-EARNERS— MEN, WOMEN, AND CHILDREN— AND WAGES DISTRIBUTED A('(T)RDING TO GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS, STATES, AND TERRITORIES: 1905 AND 1900— Cont'd. GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION, STATE OR TERRITORY. Middle states New York : New Je.rsey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland District of Columbia . Southern states Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Arkansas Louisiana ■. Indian Territory Oklahoma I'exas Central states Ohio Michigan Indiana Illinois Wisconsin Minnesota ■ Iowa Missouri Census. SALAEIEI Niiinlier. ) EMPLOYEES. WAGE-EARNERS VND WAGES. t Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Salaries. 1 Average number. AY ages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. 1 Wages. 1905 1900 198, 370 136, 213 $225,050,766 150,997,226 2,005,513 1,725,731 $974, 105, 359 773, 258, .384 1,477,425 1,269,992 $823,343,753 661,271,349 471,400 406,687 $140,803,364 112,663,092 56,688 59,052 $9,958,242 9,423,943 1905 1900 98,012 68, 030 111,14.-), 175 76,740,115 856,947 726, 909 430,014,831 337, 323, .585 603,519 503,674 349,606,071 272,844,471 245, 449 210, 834 79,016,531 62,412,171 7,979 12, 401 1,492,249 2,066,943 1905 1900 23, 196 15, 361 28,956,728 19,0.57,698 266, 336 213,975 128,168,801 96, 164, 913 195,447 166,787 108,4170,226 80,216,989 62,887 49,356 18, 183, 140 13,636,089 8,002 7,832 1,615,435 1,311,836 1905 1900 06, 081 43,935 73,269,007 46, 145, 480 763, 282 663,960 367,960,890 296,875,548 594, 487 616, 101 324,870,814 261,611,244 134, 344 116, .557 37,071.325 30,186,886 34,461 32,302 6,018,751 6,177,418 1905 1900 1,451 1,189 1,629,251 1,336,963 18, 475 20, .562 8, 158, 203 8,457,003 14, 866 16,416 7, 373, 343 7,636,497 2,960 3,310 679, 667 693,231 649 836 106, 193 127, 275 1905 1900 8,624 6,741 8,843,996 6,845,088 94, 174 94, 170 36,144,244 32, 414, 429 63, 492 61,654 . 29,656,349 26,220,954 25,149 26,908 6, 675, 452 5,466,620 6,633 6,608 812, 443 727,855 1905 1900 1,006 957 1,206,609 871, 882 6,299 6,155 3,658,370 3,022,906 5,614 5,360 3,466,960 2,841,194 611 722 177,249 169,095 74 73 14,171 12,617 1905 1900 1905 1900 55, 637 34,940 55, 128, 940 31,072,813 768, 362 628, 053 278,569,494 185,688,781 632,880 515, 182 263, 872, 660 168,460,100 89,743 71, 895 18, 406, 704 12,839,900 45,739 40,976 6,290,230 4, 398, 781 4,970 3,828 4,874,806 3,629,609 80,285 66,223 27,943,0.58 20,273,889 66,0.56 62, 671 25,197,362 18,269,026 11,990 9,889 2,294,017 1,608,968 3, 240 3,663 451, 679 395,905 1905 1900 2,892 1,744 2,898,830 1,519,290 .43,758 33,080 21,153,042 12,639,866 39, 378 29,468 20, 148, 606 11,975,783 3,249 2,812 772, 458 538,789 1,131 810 231,978 125,284 1905 1900 4,072 2,894 3,795,471 2, 394, 846 85, ,339 72, 322 21,375,294 14,051,784 55, 406 47, 028 16,433,078 10, 772, 818 18, 301 15,084 3,451,704 2,293,177 11,632 10, 210 1,490,512 986, 789 1905 1900 2,389 1,419 2,355,002 1,307,569 59, 441 47, 025 13,868,950 9, 130, 269 .37, 653 29,097 10, 233, 237 6,663,088 12,019 9,448 2,313,512 1,624,035 9,769 8,480 1, 322, 201 843, 146 1905 1900 6,104 3,815 5,927,521 3,203,643 •l2, 749 83,336 27, 392, 442 19,9.58,1,53 72,814 . 67,039 23,969,802 17, 428, 896 12,640 10,071 2,512,161 1,849,632 7,295 6,226 910, 479 679, 626 1905 1900 3,125 1,781 2,669,726 1,299,576 42,091 35,471 15,767,182 10,916,'443 39,666 33,626 16,121,963 10,469,964 2,098 1,517 602,857 416, 777 337 328 42,362 39, 702 1905 1900 5.853 4,356 5,871,247 4. 184, 631 59, 794 51.735 24, 438, 684 18,454.252 49,508 43,600 22,170,719 16,951,526 8,323 6,083 1, 975, 270 1,234,264 1,963 2,152 292, 696 268, 463 1905 1900 4,910 3,329 5,080,429 3,047,663 60, .572 45,963 22,805,628 14,727,506 51,757 39,095 21,150,048 13,674,569 6,611 4,875 1,317,356 923,303 2,204 1,993 338,224 229, 644 1905 1900 3,763 2,259 3,867,139 2,059,391 62, 173 52,711 21,878,451 14,911,683 53,496 45,837 20,393,027 13,975,0.32 4,547 3,465 924,141 689,166 4,130 3,409 661,283 347, 495 1905 1900 2,688 1,260 2, 598, ,346 1,092,937 38, 690 26,799 14,819,034 7,909,607 36,364 24, 336 14,167,965 7,546,324 2,054 1,448 464,599 243,720 1,272 1,016 186, 470 119,663 1905 1900 2.328 1,549 2,309,890 1,262,385 33,089 31,525 14,543,635 10, 184, 154 32,066 30,483 14, 329, 273 10,013,162 501 424 120, 108 76,307 622 618 94,264 94,696 1905 1900 5,977 3,576 6,044,404 2,933,935 55,859 40,878 25, 315, 750 14,725,437 49,942 34, 763 24,141,298 13, 670, 262 4,604 6,009 966,872 1,020,037 1,313 1,106 207, 680 135,148 1905 .1900 278 93 251,378 74,072 2,267 1,087 1,144,078 379, 188 2,149 1,054 1,119,040 372,875 69 19 18,632 4,632 ,39 14 6,506 1,681 1905 1900 535 176 467,042 144. 590 3,199 1,294 1, 665, 324 614,879 2,870 1,200 1,666,694 498,390 258 58 76,948 11,908 71 36 12, 782 4,575 1905- 1900 6,753 2.861 6.117,709 2.918,676 49,006 38.604 24,468,942 16,911,681 45, 766 35,996 23,731,548 16,378,411 2,479 1,693 596,169 406, 206 821 916 141,225 128,065 1905 1900 1905 1900 174,211 127,608 185,975,4.55 125,091,748 1,476,812 1,290,003 741,127,958 666,80,3,094 1,234,316 1,084,064 674,264,787 518, 689, 176 215,7.57 174, 120 61,826,884 42,927.898 26,740 31, 819 5,036,287 5,286,020 .39,991 28, 109 43, 434, 868 28, 151, 441 364,298 308, 109 182, 429, 425 136, 427, 579 303, 828 258,778 166, 270, 629 124,960,436 55, 375 45,272 16, 222, 146 10,802,783 6,095 4,059 936,750 664, 360 1905 1900 17,235 13,350 17,470,4,33 12,335.974 175, 229 155.800 81,278,837 62,531,812 147,676 134, 265 74,374,061 57,895,929 24,270 19, 014 6,293,446 4,268,303 3,283 2,621 611,330 377, 680 1905 1900 14,862 10,447 15,028,789 9,970,931 154, 174 139, 017 72,0,58,099 59, 280, 131 131,, 551 119,580 66,726,926 66, 304, 869 19,230 15,917 4,684,651 3,387,973 3,393 3,520 647,622 587,299 1905 1900 .54, .521 40.964 60, .5.59, (i78 40, ,549, 245 379, 436 332,871 208, 405, 468 169, 104, 179 314,091 275,006 187,568,896 143,714,217 60,399 47,922 19, 893, 360 13,680,271 4,946 9,943 943, 212 1,809,691 1905 1900 14,220 10,480 15,498,2.32 10, 492, 562 161,391 137,525 71,471,805 55, 695, 816 129,274 118, 332 66,167,356 61,845,213 17,970 13,640 4,674,028 2,973,092 4,147 6,653 730,421 877,511 1905 1900 9,141 6,625 9,0.32,840 0,064.229 69,636 64.. 557 35, 843, 145 29,029,190 60,886 67, 123 33,377,340 27,187,606 8,4.30 6,736 2,412,756 1,729,776 320 698 53, 049 111,808 1905 1900 7,122 5, 159 5,948,:i7r 4,232,544 49. 481 44, 420 22,997,053 18,020,653 41,082 36,896 20,963,933 16, .530, 9,58 7,314 5,729 1,854,474 1,230,206 1,085 1,795 178,646 259, 489 1905 1900 17,119 12, 474 19, 002, 2,38 13.294.822 133, 167 107, 704 66, 644, 126 46, 713, 734 105, 927 84,084 68, 816, 746 41,149,9,58 22,769 19, 890 6, 892, 023 4,966,494 4,471 3,730 935,357 698,282 EMPLOYEES AND WAGES AND TIME IN OPERATION. Ixxiii Table XIX.— SALARIED EMPLOYEES AND SALARIES, WAGE-EARNERS— MEN, WOMEN, AND CHILDREN— AND WAGES DISTRIBUTED ACCORDING TO GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS, STATES, AND TERRITORIES: 1905 AND 1900— Cont'd. GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION, STATE OK TERRITORY . Western states. Montana Idaho Wyoming North Dakota. South Dakota . Nebraska Nevada. . . Utah Colorado. Kansas , . . Arizona. New Mexico. Pacific states . . Washington. Oregon California . Outlying district: Alaska Census. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 SALARIED EMPLOYEES. Number. Salaries. 13, 370 9.834 905 508 359 92 296 153 3, 192 2,291) 106 37 979 599 2,677 1,870 3,721 3.612 291 205 17, 710 10, 123 3,658 2,103 1,769 1,143 12, 283 6,877 195 82 S14, 860, 9, 432, 1,506, 379, 66, 206, 90, 257, 129, 294, 175, 3, 074, 2, 107, 126, 34, 1,038, 500, 3,549, 2,058, 3,692, 3, 123, WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Total. Average number. 112, 807 93, 867 ,548 i,304 263, 90, 20, 624, 10, 780, 4, 092, 2,063, 2, 132, 1, 222, 14, 399, 7, 495, 321, 117, 770 S. 957 9, .S.54 ,%061 1,552 l,8:i4 2,060 1,755 1,358 2,492 2,224 20,260 18, 669 604 8,052 5,413 21,813 19, 498 35,570 27, 119 4,793 .3,126 3,478 2,490 164,077 123, 206 45, 199 31,523 18,523 14, 4.59 100,355 77, 224 1,9.38 2,260 Wages .571,404,425 .11,159,359 S, 652. 217 7, 376, 822 2, 059, 391 818, 239 1,261,122 1,209,123 1,031,. 307 671, 321 1, 421, 680 1,129,787 11,022,149 8, 842, 429 693, 407 352,606 5, 157, 400 2, 762, 522 15, 100, 366 11,707,666 18,883,071 12,802,096 3, 969, 248 2, 287, 352 2,153,068 1,199,496 106, 187, 485 63, 777, 148 30,087,2.87 17,065,140 11,443,512 6, 822, Oil 64, 656, 686 39,889,997 1,095,579 1, 374, 680 Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Average number. 102, 562 85,885 8,755 9.662 2,931 1,498 1,793 1,521 1,232 2,179 2,033 17, 321 16, 227 790 481 6,840 4,663 20, 164 18,214 32, 138 24,378 4,742 3,064 3,388 2,403 145, 313 105, 282 43, 782 30, 641 16, 843 13, 067 1,895 2,259 Wages. $68, 435, 276 49, 213, 042 8, 570, 466 7, 318, 409 2, 019, 172 807, 748 1,246,138 1,199,968 963,058 636, 858 1,329,891 1,087,461 10, 142, 694 8, 269, 206 688, 672 348, 176 4, 861, 513 2,693,668 14,531,394 11,303,204 18, 000, 690 12, 197, 657 3,950,629 2, 270, 135 2,130,959 1,180,652 100, 132, 329 59, 219, 274 29, 605, 475 16, 827, 447 10,950,459 6,491,943 59, 576, 395 as, 899, 884 1, 085, 640 1, 374, 275 Average number. 8,443 6,712 143 86 199 92 2, ,542 1,709 1,017 577 1,343 1,081 2,703 1,945 33 27 52 61 16, 862 15, 555 1,304 631 1,474 1,116 14,084 13,808 29 1 Wages. $2, 632, 294 1,544,618 69, 993 29,567 31, 129 _8, 453 13, 480 6,0.59 62, 339 29,862 86,030 25, 392 788, 545 435,880 3,867 2,143 259, 736 138, 260 490, 193 361,042 708, 022 483, 647 14,814 10, 079 14, 146 14, 234 5,615,099 4, 133, 562 455, 789 186, 853 450, 160 283, 072 4,709,160 3, 663, 627 ,188 405 Children under 16 years. Average number. 1,862 2,270 59 106 33 110 397 733 4 17 ' 195 173 306 203 729 796 26 1,902 113 251 206 276 1,583 1,842 Wages. S436, 855 401, 699 21, 758 28, 846 9,090 2,038 1,.504 3,096 6,910 4,601 5, 759 16,934 90,910 137, 343 36, 161 30, .594 78, 778 43,320 174, 359 120, 792 3,805 7,138 7.963 4, 710 440,057 424, 322 26,023 50, 840 42,903 46,996 371, 131 326, 486 In the employment of salaried employees and wage- earners the Middle states led at both periods shown and the Central states ranked second. The ascendency of the Middle states was due to New York and Penn- sylvania, while the importance of the Central states depended upon Illinois and Ohio. In 1905 and 1900, ranked by the number of salaried employees, New- York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, and Ohio led the states in the order named, but ranked by the number of wage-earners employed the order was New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Illinois, and Ohio. It is significant that while in 1900 there were nearly 13 wage-earners to every salaried employee in the United States, in 1905 the ratio declined to 10.5 to 1. This decrease in the ratio between wage-earners and salaried employees was not confined to any one sec- tion, but appeared in the statistics for each division. The greatest decline in the ratio occurred in the Southern states, where from about 18 wage-earners to every salaried employee in 1900, in 1905 the ratio dropped to 13.8 to 1. That these wide discrepancies between the increases in the number of salaried employees and the number of wage-earners were general is further. illustrated by Table xx, which compares the percentages of increase of the two groups for each geographic division. Table XX. — Per cent of increase for salaried employees and wage- earners, by geographic divisions: 1900 to 1905. GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION. Salaried employees (number) . Wage- earners (average number) . United States . 42.7 16.0 New England states 32.7 45.6 59.2 36.5 36.0 74.9 137.8 10.4 16.2 22 3 14 5 20 2 33 2 2 14 2 1 Alaska. 2 De crease. Ixxiv MANUFACTURES. No specific cause for the apparently disproportionate increase in the number of salaried employees can be given, but two general propositions may be advanced in explanation, as follows: First, that improved meth- ods in the Bureau of the Census led to greater care in the segregation of salaried employees in 1905 than in 1900, and second, that changes in business and manu- facturing methods have imposed upon the manufac- turer the necessity of making more numerous additions relatively to his salaried employees than to his wage- earning force. Improvements in Office methods. — In 1905 the sched- ule distinguished clearly between the two groups, placing them under distinct headings with separate totals; whereas in 1900 the inquiries for salaried em- ployees and wage-earners, although listed separately, were under one general heading, "persons employed," and their totals included in a common total. Thus the segregation was far more carefully made in 1905, with the result that the salaried group received nu- merous additions that in. 1900 had either been en- tirely om^itted or improperly classed as wage-earners. Furthermore, the use of Census Office men for field- work in 1905 undoubtedly contributed to the same result. In 1900 few trained special agents were avail- able for the work, and the field force was composed of men taken from various pursuits whose ability to fol- low the distinction adopted by the Census Office be- tween the salaried and the wage-earning groups of em- ployees was limited by lack of experience and deficient knowledge of the intent of the inqinry. In 1 905, on the other hand, the fieldwork was conducted entirely by Office men who had been carefully trained to apply uniform rules in distinguishing between the two groups, with the result, as regards salaried employees, of a broader and more inclusive classification than in 1900. The difl'erence between the personnel of the field force at the two periods also led to the return of a more accurate average number of wage-earners in 1905 than in 1900. At the census of 1905 great stress was laid upon the careful calculation of the average num- ber per month in answer to Inquiry 7, and the Office men understood clearly what was required for the inquiry, but at the census of 1900 the special agents could not be instructed as fully upon this point. It is probable, therefore, that the tendency to return a greater number than the true average, which has formerly almost always characterized the work of in- experienced agents, did not affect the accuracy of the results for 1905 to the same extent as for 1900. Thus the average in 1 905 was proportionately smaller and the increase over 1900 not as great as it would have been if the average for 1900 had been nearer to the actual conditions. It follows that the difference be- tween the increases in the number of wage-earners and of salaried employees was not as great in reality as Table xviii indicates. Administrative changes in manufacturing. — The ad- ministrative requirements of a well-conducted manu- facturing establishment are more numerous than formerly. Increasing competition demands the most economical production, which can only be achieved by the closest scrutiny of the expenses incident to pro- duction. Thus more complicated bookkeeping, closer supervision in the shop, and a larger staff of trained scientific men have become necessary to effect the de- sired results. Moreover, many manufacturing cor- porations at the present day consider an advertising department and a mail order division as indispensable to the expansion of their business ; whereas only a few years ago, with few exceptions, they disposed of their products through wholesale houses. Such changes must bring numerous additions to the salaried force. Aside from the normal increases due to natural growth, a certain proportion of the increase in the salaried group is doubtless due to changes in form of ownership. As the chapter on the form of ownership indicates, there is a constantly increasing number of individual manufacturers and firms who incorporate. Every such case adds at least two and usually more members to the salaried group, and takes one or more out of the operating group. Thus the salaried group is receiving constant accessions without any alteration taking place in the wage-earning group. Under such conditions it is natural that the former group should show a greater rate of increase than the latter. The effect of these changes in the methods of the Census Office and in the administration of manufac- turing establishments stands out most clearly in the case of exceptionally large plants. Especially is this true in the manufacture of iron and steel, some illus- trations of which will prove instructive. In 6 of the largest steel mills in Pennsylvania the increases in the number of salaried employees ranged from 57.6 per cent to 186.7 per cent, and in every case exceeded the percentages of increase in the number of wage-earners for the same establishments, the differ- ence in the respective percentages amounting to over 100 per cent in 2 establishments. Furthermore, the number of wage-earners to each salaried employee in these 6 mills varied far more widely in 1900 than in 1905. In 1900 the average number of wage-earners to a salaried employee for 3 of the mills was from 19 to 23.7, and for the remaining 3 from 9.7 to 12.5; whereas in 1905, 1 establishment reported less than 9, but none, more than 15 wage-earners to each sala- ried employee. The probable accuracy of the 1905 figures is evidenced in the case of 4 of the 6 establish- ments, which reported the remarkably consistent ratios of 9.6, 9.7, 10.3, and 12 wage-earners, respectively, to each salaried employee. Wage-earners. — The wage-earning group is com- posed of the average number of persons employed in manufactures during the census year, receiving pay for work done l>y the hour, day, or week, and includes EMPLOYEES AND WAGES AND TIME IN OPERATION. Ixxv pieceworkers employed in the factory or works, but excludes those working at their homes. Table xxi is a comparison for 1900 and 1905 of the aveniire number of persons in this group and the total amount paid to them, distributed according to the men 16 years and over, women 16 yeais and over, and children under 16 years of age. Table XXL— WA(;1vEAKXERS— MEN, WOMEX. .\NI) CHILDREX— AXl) WAGES, WITH PERCEXTAriES: 190.=, AXD 1900. 1900 Per cent of in- crease. Average number Total I 5, 470, 321 Per cent [ of total. 100.0 I S2, I'll 1,540, 532 Per cent j Average, of total, i number. 100.0 I 4,715,023 Men 16 years and over 4, 244, .53S Women 16 years and ovei 1,065.884 Children under 16 voai s 1,W. .svin .266,273,317 | 317,27!I.00S j 27,!I88, 207 86.8 I 3,635,236 12.1 ll 918,511 1.1 li 161,276 Per cent of total. 100.0 Wages. $2,009,735,799 Percent I; Average ' w„„„„ of total, number. ^^ ^Sos. 16.0 29.9 77.1 19.5 3.4 1,736,347,184 248,814,074 24,. 574,. 541 86.4 12.4 1.2 16.8 16.0 I 10.9 30.5 27.5 13.9 1 Decrease. At the census of 1905 an average of 5,470,321 wage- earners was employed, of whom 77.6 per cent were naen 16 years and over, 19.5 per cent women 16 years and over, and 2.9 per cent children under 16 years. The total amount paid to the members of this group was $2,611,540,532, of which 86.8 per cent was earned by the men, 12.1 per cent by the women, and 1.1 per cent by the children. These proportions represent only slight changes from those of 1900. It is particu- larlj^ noticeable that the ratio of the number of women employed to the total number of wage-earners remained constant, and that the proportion of the total amount paid to wage-earners which went to women wage-earners underwent a change of only three-tenths of 1 per cent during the five years. With the exception of the number of children employed, the increases in the number of wage-earners were practically uniform, amounting to 16 per cent both in the total number of all wage-earners and in the number of women employed, and to 16.8 per cent for the number of men. The decrease of 1,377, or nine-tenths of 1 per cent, in the number of children should not be regarded as necessarily reflecting actual conditions as to the employment of child labor in the United States. Much difficulty has always been experienced in obtaining accurate returns of children employed, owing to the disinclination of the individual employer to reveal the real extent of the employment of such labor in his factory, even though he be within the law in this particular. The returns are therefore not alto- gether reliable, and the figures in the table must not be accepted as conclusive evidence of a decrease in the employment of child labor. The percentages of increase in wages were not as uniform for the different classes of wage-earners as in the case of the numerical increases, and in every case were greater than for the latter; thus it is evident that the average wage of the three classes of wage-earners employed in manufactures has increased. The in- crease in the total amount of wages paid to all classes amounted to 29.9 per cent, which was six-tenths of 1 per cent less than the increase in the amount earned by the men, and 2.4 per cent more than the increase in the amount paid to the women, Wage-earners, hy geographic diinsions. — Table xxii presents the per cent distribution by geographic divi- sions of the total for each class for the United States for the censuses of 1900 and 1905. Table XXII. — Wage-earners — men, ivomen, and children — hy geo- graphic dirisions: per cent distribution of total for United States: 1905 and 1900. Census. PEP. CEMT DISTRIBUTION OF T(IT.\L FOB UNITED STATES. GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. United states 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 . 100.0 New England statics Middle states 17.2 18.1 36.7 36.6 14.0 13.3 27.0 27.4 2.1 2.0 3.0 2.6 C') 15.3 16.0 34.8 34.6 14.9 14.2 29.1 29.8 2.4 2.4 3.4 2.9 0.1 0.1 24.7 26.6 44.2 44.3 8.4 7.8 20.3 19.0 0.8 0.6 1.6 L7 16.9 15.4 35.4 1900 1905 36.6 28.6 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 25.4 16.7 Western states 19.7 1.2 Pacific states 1.4 1.2 1.5 (2) 1 Alaska. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Measured bj^ the number of wage-earners employed in manufactures, the Middle states formed industrially the most important geographic division in the United States at the censuses of 1900 and 1905, contributing at the two periods 36.6 and 36.7 per cent, respectively, of the total number of wage-earners employed. The Central states ranked next, but, according to Table xix, in 1905 gaA^e employment to 528,701 fewer wage-earners than the leading division, although outranking by nearly the same number — the Xew England states. The three leading divisions furnished employment to 80.9 per cent of the total nimrber of wage-earners. ^•/4 Ixxvi MANUFACTURES. Diagram 1.— AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS EMPLOYED, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905. HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS NEW YORK PENNSYLVANIA MASSACHUSETTS ILLINOIS OHIO NEW JERSEY CONNECTICUT MICHIGAN INDIANA WISCONSIN MISSOURI CALIFORNIA RHODE ISLAND MARYLAND GEORGIA NORTH CAROLINA VIRGINIA MAINE MINNESOTA NEW HAMPSHIRE ALABAMA TENNESSEE KENTUCKY SOUTH CAROLINA LOUISIANA IOWA TEXAS WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA FLORIDA MISSISSIPPI KANSAS VERMONT ARKANSAS COLORADO NEBRASKA OREGON DELAWARE MONTANA UTAH DIST OF COLUMBIA ARIZONA NEW MEXICO OKLAHOMA IDAHO SOUTH DAKOTA INDIAN TERRITORY ALASKA WYOMING NORTH DAKOTA NEVADA In 1905 the New England states contributed 24.7 per cent of the total number of women employed in manu- factures, which was 19.5 per cent less than the propor- tion contributed by the Middle states, but greater by 4.4 per cent than the proportion returned by the Cen- tral states. In the employment of children, the ]\Iiddle states led in both 1900 and 1905, with the Southern states second. The figures indicate that these two di- visions employed 64 per cent of all the children under 16 years who were employed in the United States dur- ing the census year 1904. Table xxiii presents the per cent formed by each class of wage-earners of the total number of wage-earn- ers in each geographic division. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS EMPLOYED IN MANUFACTURE, BY STATE GROUPS PERCENTAGES OF TOTAL E1MPLOYE.D NEW ENGLAND STATES MIDDLE STATES SOUTHERN STATES CENTRAL STATES \A^E:S~rERN ST>\TE"5~ PACIFIC STATES Disregarding the outlying division as of slight im- portance, the percentage of men in the total number of wage-earners employed shown by the Western states was the largest for any of the geographic divisions, the men employed in that division forming in 1905, 90.9 per cent of the total number of wage-earners for the divi- sion. The New England states ranked last in this par- ticular, the men employed forming only 69.1 per cent of the wage-earners in the division. In the latter divi- sion, however, the ratio of the women employed to the total number of wage-earners was higher than in any of the other divisions, while the ratio of children em- ployed was second only to that in the Southern states. Out of the six important divisions. New England alone EMPLOYEES AND WAGES AND TIME IN OPERATION. Ixxvii failed to show a decrease in the ratio of children to the total number of wage-earners employed, the per cent remaining constant at 2.9. Table XXIII. — Wacje-eamers — men, women, and children — bij geo- graphic divisions; per cent distribution of total nninhcr of waije- . earners for each division: 1905 and 1900. GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION. 1905 1900 New England states 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 Central states 1905 1900 1905 1900 Pacific states 1905 1900 Outlvine district i 1905 PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF TOT.\L NUMBER OF WAGE-JLARNERS FOR EACH DIVISION. Total. 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ino.o 100.0 100.0 Men 16 years and over. 77.6 77.1 Women 16 years and over. 19.5 19.5 69.1 68.4 73.7 73.0 82.4 S2.0 83.6 84.0 90.9 91.5 88.6 85.5 97.8 99.9 28.0 28.7 23.5 23.6 11.7 11.5 14.6 13.5 7.5 6.1 10.3 12.6 1.5 0.1 Children under 16 years. N-U5II!eICAL INCREASES. PER CENT OF INCREASE. GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION. Men 16 Women' Chil- i I Men 16 16 years ,dren un-jl years and I der 16 f and over. years. over. years and New England states.. . . 67, 576 Middle states 217,433 Southern states 117, 698 Central states 160, 2.'il Western states 16,677 Pacifle states 40, 031 2.9 3.4 1.8 2.6 1.6 2.4 1.1 1.9 0.7 Table xxiv presents the numerical increases and percentages of increase, 1900 to 1905, for wage- earners — men, women, and children — hj geographic divisions, exclusive of the outlying district, Alaska. Table XXIV. — Wage-earners — men, women, and children — numer- ical increases and percentages of increase, by geographic divisions: 1900 to 1905. Women Chll- 16 years i dren un- and der 16 over. years. 1 Decrease. This table shows that there were absolute increases in the number of men and women for each division, but that in four out of the six divisions there were decreases in the number of children. The greatest absolute increase shown both for men and for women appeared in the Middle states; the smallest increase for the men was in the Western states and for the women in the Pacific states. The greatest decrease in the number of children employed took place in the Central states; the net decrease for all six divisions was 1,391 children. The greatest relative increase, in the number of men was in the Pacific states, although only the Western states showed a smaller absolute increase. The only division showing a marked increase in the number of children employed was the Southern states, which employed 4,763 more children in 1905 than in 1900, an increase of 11.6 per cent. ^yage-f(irners, hy industries and groups of industries. — One of the best means which a census of manufactures affords for determining the importance of an individ- ual industry or a group of industries is found in the statistics for wage-earners. Table xxv shows the number of men, women, and children employed in each of the 14 generic groups of industries, compared for 1900 and 1905, together with the per cent that each class formed of the total for the class in the United States. During the year covered by the census of 1905, 21.1 per cent of the total number of wage-earners employed were engaged in the manufacture of textiles and textile products, a decrease, however, of six-tenths of 1 per cent since 1900. The iron and steel group ranked sec- ond in 1905 with 15.7 per cent and the lumber group third with 13.5 per cent of the total number employed. The three leaders were far ahead in this respect, their aggregates in 1900 and 1905 representing 51.6 and 50.3 per cent, respectivelj^, of the total number of wage- earners employed in the Ignited States. In the employment of men the groups "iron and steel and their products" and "lumber and its remanu- factures" stood in a class by themselves, their aggre- gates forming 36.3 per cent of the total number of men in 1905. The aggregate number of men employed in the four succeeding groups, ranked by the number of men employed, did not equal the total of the two lead- ing groups. The industries composing the textile group were the greatest employers of women and children, furnishing emploj^ment in 1905 to 54.7 per cent of the women and 51 per cent of the children. Of the four leading groups, ranked by the total number of wage-earners, in 1905, "lumber and its remanuf actures " employed the fewest women and the "miscellaneous" group the fewest children. Ixxviii MANUFACTURES. Table XXV.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY— AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS IN THE FOURTEEN GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905 AND 1900. Censu.s United State-s Food and kindred products . Textiles. 1905 190li 1905 1900 1900 Iron and steel and their rtroducts 1905 : 19C0 Lumber and its remanufactures. - 1905 1900 Leather and its finished products 1905 1900 Paper and printing. 1905 1900 Liquors and beverages 1905 1900 Chemicals and allied products 1905 1900 Clay, glass, and stone products Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel. Tobacco Vehicles for land transportation . Shipbuilding Miscellaneous industries 1905 1900 1905 1900 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 W.\GE-EARNERS. Total average number. 6, 470, 321 4, 715, 023 3.54, 054 301, 305 1,156,305 1,022,123 857, 298 737, 986 736, 946 672,656 255, .368 241,662 350, 205 297, 320 68, .340 55, 120 210, 165 182, 227 285, ,366 231, 753 211,706 171,963 1.59,408 132, 526 384, 577 314,340 50,764 46, 747 390, 831 307, 296 Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. 4, 244, 538 3, 635, 236 1,066,884 918, 511 264.682 227, 282 492, 161 423, 673 830, 274 716, 186 70S, 357 647, 508 1S2, 126 169, 886 250, 375 211,378 66, 309 .53, 210 187, 881 162,517 265, 049 211,832 1(6,478 141,347 86, 691 76, 218 381,283 310, 810 49, 916 46, 711 303, 957 237. 778 79,801 63, 091 582, 630 521, 284 18, 510 13, 779 16, 673 13.229 65,843 65, 310 90, 580 73, 886 1,191 9.52 20, 491 17,817 10, 854 9,307 31, 348 26, 137 66, 301 49, 330 2,196 2,237 66 34 79, 398 62. 118 Children under 16 years. 169,899 161, 276 9,568 10,932 81,514 77, 266 8,514 8,021 10,915 11,918 7,399 6,466 9,250 12,056 840 9.58 1,793 1,893 9,462 10, 614 3,880 4,479 7,416 6,978 1,098 1,293 774 1,002 7,476 7,400 PEK ;ent of totals for united states. THE Total average number. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. 100.0 100.0 Children under 16 years. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 6.6 6.4 6.2 6.3 7.5 6.9 6.0 6.8 21.1 21.7 11.6 11.6 64.7 66.8 61.0 47.9 15.7 15.6 19.6 19.7 1.7 1.5 5.3 4.9 13.5 14.3 16.7 17.8 1.6 1.4 6.8 7.4 4.7 6.1 4.3 4.7 6.2 7.1 4.6 4.0 6.4 6.3 6.9 6.8 8.5 8.0 6,8 7.5 1.3 1.2 1.6 : 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.6 3.8 3.9 4.4 4.5 1.9 1.9 1.1 1.2 5.2 4.9 6.2 6.8 1.0 1.0 5.9 6.6 3.9 3.6 4.1 3.9 2.9 2.9 2.4 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.0 2.1 6.2 5.4 4.7 4.3 7.9 6.7 9.0 8.5 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 (■) 0.5 0.6 7.1 6.5 7.2 6.6 7.5 6.8 4.7 4.6 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Table xxvi shows the 25 industries which averaged the greatest number of wage-earners in 1905, and com- pares the totals, distributed according to the three classes of wage-earners, with those for 1900. Table XXVI. — Coviparative summary — viarie-earners {men, womeii, and children) for twenty-fire leading industries ra7ii:ed by the total average number employed: 1905 and 1900. Census. AVERAGE Total. NUMBER C Men 16 years and over. F WAGE-EARNERS. INDUSTRY. Women 16 years and over. Chil- dren under 16 years. 1905 1900 1906 1900 5, 470, 321 4, 715, 023 4,244,638 3,635,236 1,065,884 918,611 159,899 161,276 Total for 25 industries 3,384,184 2,951,855 14.6 2,626,896 2, 292, 591 14.6 646,817 547,921 17.9 111,471 111,343 0.1 1905 1900 Lumber and timber products . . . 404,026 413,336 12.1 402,914 350, 103 15.1 315,874 302, 861 4.3 242,0,40 222, 490 9.1 401.209 408,058 11.7 397,222 344,841 16.2 147,283 135,721 8.6 239, 283 219,518 9.0 911 1,728 147.3 3,266 2,626 24.4 12S, 163 120,,S,S2 1.0 1 . 455 1,071 35.9 2, 500 3,549 129.4 Foundry and machine shop products. 1905 1900 2,426 2,636 18.0 1906 1909 40,428 40,2.58 0.4 Iron and steel, including blast furnaces and steel works and rolling mills. Per cent of increase 1805 1900 1,902 1,901 0.1 Table XXVI. — Comparative summary — wage-earners {men, women, and children) for twenty-five leading industries ranled by the total average number employed: 1905 and 1900 — Continued. Cars and general shop construc- tion and repairs by steam railroad companies. Per cent of increase Boots and shoes Per cent of increase Clothing, men's Per cent of increase Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes. . Per cent of increase Clothing, women's Per cent of increase Furniture Per cent of increase Hosiery and knit goods Per cent of increase Lumber, planing mill products, including sasn, doors, and blinds. Par cent of increase 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 I 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 AVERAGE NUMBER. OF WAGE-EARNERS. 236, 90U 173,652 149,924 141,, san 6,7 137, 190 120,927 13.4 135, 418 103,305 31.0 115,706 83.739 38.2 110, 133 87,262 2li. 2 103,715 83, 387 24.4 97.674 73, 510 32.9 1 Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. ChU- dren under 16 years. 236, 304 I 173, 209 494 364 102 79 36.4 35.7 29.1 95, 257 90, 415 5.4 49,635 46,894 6.6 5,132 4,521 13.6 I 58,759 1 48,070 22.2 75, 468 69,846 , 8.0 2,963 3,011 11.6 72.970 1 62.094 i 17. 5 67,174 37,740 51.5 5,274 3,631 49.4 42.614 20, 109 03. 2 72,242 56,866 27.0 849 764 ILl 104,206 82,013 27.1 3,165 2,476 27.8 2,762 2.773 10.4 26, 167 21,154 19.0 68,867 53,565 28.6 9,681 8, 668 11.7 95,967 71,886 432 238 1,275 1,386 33.5 81.5 18.0 ^Decrease. EMPLOYEES AND WAGES AND TIME IN OPERATION. Ixxix Table XXVI. — Coniparalirc summary — wage-earners (men, vomen, and children) for twcnty-firc leading inditstries ranked by the total average number employed: 1905 and 1900 — Continued. Printing and publishing, news- 1905 papers and periodicals. 1900 Per cent of increase Census. ', AVEKAGE NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS. Total. Printing and publisliing, book 1905 and job. 1900 Per cent of increase Bread and other bakery prod- ' 1905 nets. 1900 Per cent of increase .V Silk and silk goods 1905 1900 Per cent of increase ^Voolou goods Per cent of increase. 1905 1900 Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. 1905 1900 1905 1900 Brick and tUe 1905 1900 1905 1900 Glass .- 1905 1900 Carriages and wagons. 1905 1900 Electrical machinery, appara- tus, and supplies. 1905 1900 Leather, taimed, curried, finished. and 1905 1900 5.34 70.0 The importance of the 25 leading industries to the wage-earning classes engaged in manufactures is indi- cated by the table. Of the total number of wage- earners employed in the United States in 1905, they provided work for 61.9 per cent. , Of the total number in each class, they gave employment to 61.9 per cent of the men, 60.6 per cent of the women, and 69.7 per cent of the children. In both 1900 and 1905 the industry "lumber and timber products" averaged the greatest number of wage-earners, although the figures for 19*05 indicate a decrease of 8,709 wage-earners. This indus_ try alone of the 25 in the table showed a loss in the total number of wage-earners. This decrease was not actual, but resulted from the inflation of the figures for 1900, caused by duplications in the returns for wage- earners employed in logging that were avoided in 1905 by a slight change on the schedule in the form of the inquiry.' iSee special report on "Lumber and Timber Products." MFG — FT 1 — 07 vi "Foundry and machine shop products" was next in importance, employing in 1905 only 1,712 fewer wage- earners than the leading industry. The third industry, " cotton goods, " while ranking only fifth in the number of men employed, supplied work for a larger number both of women and children than any other industry. The greatest absolute increase took place in the in- dustry "cars and general shop construction, etc.," and amounted to 63,248 wago-earners. The greatest rela- tive increase, 4.3.9 per cent, is shown for the manufac- ture of electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. ^Yage-eanu'rs employed each month. — In Table xxvii is presented the average number of wage-earners em- ployed eacli month by classes — men, women, and chil- dren — and the greatest and least number employed at any one time during the year. Table XXVII. — Average number of leage-earners each month, andihe greatest and least number employed at any one time: IVDo. Total. Men 16 , Women years 16 years and over, and over. January 5,262,667 February ; 5,330, .'577 March : 5,450,963 April ' 5,496,144 May 5,516,156 June 5,467,764 July. August September- October November. . December. . 5,327,932 5,424,579 5,611,489 5,677,732 5,587,406 5,490,643 Greatest number ' 7,017, 138 Least number I 4,599,091 4,074,441 4,123,314 4,323,835 4,276,617 4,310,410 4,272,043 4,165,956 4,208,612 4,326,420 4,381,261 4,327,079 4,254,979 1,034,766 1,062,624 1,070,663 1,061,391 1,047,486 1,034,866 1,016,934 1,054,153 1,116,906 1,129,222 1,098,068 1,074,631 Children under 16 years. 153,361 154.639 156,565 158,136 158,260 160,255 156,043 161,914 169,164 167,259 162,269 160,933 The table shows that the smallest average number of wage-earners was employed in January and the great- est in October. From February to May, inclusive, each month showed an increase over its predecessor, but the average for June failed to reach the average of either May or April, and the average for July dropped below that of any month of the year except January. The fall seasonal industries, however, brought the av- erages for September, October, and November consid- erably above the other months. The year closed in December with an absolute increase over January of 227,976 wage-earners, or 4.3 per cent. The greatest number employed during the year was 7,017,138, while the least number was 4,599,091. The greatest and least numbers are the aggregates, respec- tively, of the greatest and least numbers reported by all establishments, irrespective of the date of employ- ment in the individual establishnient. Therefore neither the greatest nor the least number represents the maximum or minimum number employed at any one time during the census year; they are composite numbers, the components of which lack unity of time. The variations for each month from the average for the year are shown graphically in Table xxviir, which presents the relative monthly averages, computed on the basis of the average number of wage-earners em- ployed during the year. Ixxx MANUFACTURES. Table XXVIII. — Relative wage-earners per month compared with the average for the year: 1905. [Average tor the year = 100.0.] January... February. March April May June July August September October. . . November. December. Total. 96.2 97.6 99.6 100.5 100.8 100.0 97.4 99.2 102.6 103.8 102.1 100.4 Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over 96.0 97.1 99.6 100.8 101.6 100.7 97.9 99.2 101.9 103.2 101.9 100.2 97.1 98.8 100.4 99.6 98.3 97.1 95.3 98.9 104.8 106.9 103.0 100.8 Children under 16 years. 95.9 96.7 97.9 98.9 99.0 100.2 97.6 101.3 105.8 104.6 101.5 100.6 The table shows that in January, as compared with the average for the census year, there were 3.8 per cent fewer wage-earners employed and in October 3.8 per cent more. The greatest variation was shown in the figures for the employment of children, which from an average in January 4.1 per cent lower went to an average number in September 5.8 per cent higher than the average for the year. The highest percentages above the average for the year were shown in September, October, and November, indi- cating the effect of seasonal industries dependent for materials upon the harvesting period of the year. It is evident that the seasonal industries responsible for the increased percentages in the three months men- tioned employ more women and children, relatively, than men, since the departure from the average for the year is in general far more marked in the case of the two former classes than in the latter. It is noticeable that for all classes the averages for the closing month of the year varied only by fractions of 1 per cent from the average for the whole year. An example of one of the seasonal industries largely responsible for the variations during the fall of the year, as indicated by Table xxviii, is presented in Table xxix. Table XXIX. — Fruits and vegetables, canning and preserving; aver- age numher of wage-earners , by months: 1905. January. . February . March April May June July August September October. . . November. December. Total, 5,168 4,739 5,650 7,465 13, 203 28, 869 47, 823 103, 035 132, 828 87, 141 30,326 13,609 Men 16 years'and over. Women 16 years and over. 1,888 1,604 1,846 2,614 5,855 14, 410 23, 412 54, 119 69, 119 47, 386 16,327 6,676 Children under 16 years. 213 209 241 367 551 1,774 3,725 9,201 10, 613 5,400 861 335 The table shows that from an average of 5,168 wage-earners employed in January the number engaged in canning and preserving fruits and vege- tables increased to an average of 132,828 for Sep- tember. The absolute increase, therefore, was 127,660, or 36.6 per cent of the absolute increase in the average number for the United States for the same period. The increase in one seasonal industry, then, accounted for over one-third of the variation between the average numbers for January and September for the United States. The increases in the totals do not, however, show to what an extent this industry is responsible for the large increases in the number of women and children shown in Table xxvii for the fall months. The absolute increase for September over January in the average number of women in the industry was 67,231, and in the number of children, 10,400, these increases constituting 81.8 and 65.8 per cent of the absolute increases in these classes of wage-earners during the same period for all industries in the United States. Wage-earners, women and cTiildren. — Figures for the leading industries in which the employment of women and children was an important factor are presented in Table xxx, which compares the total number of wage-earners, distributed according to classes, returned for each industry at every census from 1870 to 1905. The industries selected are conducted under the fac- tory system, so that a comparison of the censuses of 1900 and 1905 with previous censuses is not affected by the exclusion of neighborhood industries and hand trades from the figures for the former two years. Of the industries shown in the table there were, in 1905, .5 in which women and children comprised over 50 per cent of the total number of wage-earners and 4 in which they formed between 30 and 50 per cent. In 3 of the textile industries — cotton manu- factures, hosiery and knit goods, and silk manufac- tures — the women and children outnumbered the men, but in the manufactures of wool they were not quite so numerous. Changes from census to census in the ratios between the number in each class and the total number of wage-earners are numerous in each industry. During the periods for which they appear in the table, 6 of the 12 industries showed increasing proportions of men employed, as follows: Cotton manufactures, from 31.6 to 46.6 per cent; wool manufactures, from 50.8 to 52.7 per cent; silk manufactures, from 26.1 to 34 per cent; glass, from 72.2 to 84.5 per cent; boxes, fancy and paper, from 26 to 29.8 per cent; rubber and elastic goods, from 59.6 to 65.4 per cent. For the quarter of a century ending with 1905 the greatest decrease in the proportion of men employed was in the manufacture of boots and shoes, the ratio declining from 74.3 to 63.5 per cent. EMPLOYEES AND WAGES AND TIME IN OPERATION. Ixxxi Table XXX.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY— WAGE-EARNERS— MEN, WOMEN, AND CHILDREN— IN TWELVE SELECTED INDUSTRIES, WITH PER CENT EACH CLASS IS OF THE TOTAL NUMBER: 1870 TO 1905. ' Cotton lUiinufaotures. Printing and publishing. Wool manufactures. Tobacco . Boots and shoes . Hosiery and knit goods. Silk manufactures. Glass. Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. Boxes, fancy and paper. Millinery and lace goods. Rubber and elastic goods. 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1.880 1870 1905 1900 1890 AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS. Total. 1,378,890 1,207,879 962, 377 682, 521 349, 799 315, 874 302, 861 218, 876 186, 472 135, 369 185, 191 162, 992 136, 836 58, 506 20, 075 179, 976 159, 108 154, 271 132, 672 105,071 159, 408 132, 526 116, 790 86,053 47, 848 149,924 141,830 133, 690 111,152 103, 715 83,387 59,588 28,885 14,788 79,601 65, 416 49,382 31,337 6,649 63,969 52, 818 44, 892 24,177 15, 367 60, 466 42,013 8,802 1,271 32,082 27, 653 18,949 9,678 4,632 27,500 16, 871 11, 118 6,555 (') 21, 184 20, 404 9,183 6,763 Men 16 years and over. 748, 017 656,637 532, 022 358, 466 163, 191 147, 283 135, 721 88,837 64, 107 42, 790 142, 565 125, 964 110, 434 45, 890 16,721 94, 841 83, 371 78, 650 67,942 53,400 85,691 76, 218 74, 394 54,986 31,997 95,257 90,415 91,406 82, 547 (■) 25,167 21, 154 14,846 7,517 4,252 27,037 24,206 17,602 9, 375 1,734 54,079 42,173 36, 064 17, 778 11,092 48, 976 34, 462 7,289 1,132 9,575 7,739 5,567 2,194 1,205 3,683 2,654 2,524 971 « 13, 863 12, 560 4,509 4,028 Women 16 years and over. 533, 134 454, 403 364, 012 241,469 133, 461 128, 163 126, 882 106, 607 91, 148 69, 637 37,614 28,765 19,026 6,777 1,569 72, 222 64, 141 64,944 49, 107 ' 39, 150 66, 301 49,330 34, 778 19,884 7,794 49,536 46,894 39,849 25, 122 68, 867 53, 565 40, 826 17,707 7,991 45, 198 34, 797 28,914 16, 396 3,629 3,455 3,529 1,886 741 703 10,902 6,966 1,469 72 20,627 18, 192 12, 866 6,836 3,088 23, 400 14.035 8,552 5,248 (■) 6,950 7,317 4,296 2,431 Children under 16 years. 97, 739 90, 839 66, 343 82, 686 53, 147 40,428 40, 258 23, 432 30, 217 22,942 5,012 8,263 7,376 5,839 1,785 12, 913 11, 596 10,777 15, 623 12,521 7,416 6,978 7,618 11,184 8,057 5,132 4,521 2,435 3,483 (') 9,681 8,668 3.916 3,661 2,545 7,366 6,413 2,866 5,666 1,386 6,435 7,116 6,943 5,668 3,572 688 695 44 67 1,980 1,722 516 648 339 417 182 42 336 (■) .371 527 378 Mi (') PER CENT EACH CLASS IS OF TOTAL. Men 16 years and over. 54.2 54.4 55.3 62,5 46.6 46.6 44.8 40.6 34.6 31.6 77.0 77.3 80.7 78.4 83.3 52.7 52.4 50.9 51.2 50.8 53.8 67.5 63.7 63.9 66.9 63.5 63.7 68.4 74.3 24.3 25.4 24.9 26.0 28.8 34.0 37.0 35.6 29.9 26.1 79.8 80.3 73.5 72.2 81.0 82.0 82.8 89.0 29.8 28.0 29.4 22.7 26.0 13.4 15.7 22.7 14.8 Women 16 years and over. 6.1. 4 61.5 49.1 59.6 38.7 37.6 37.8 35.4 38.2 40.6 41.9 48.7 49.1 51.4 20.3 17.6 13.9 11.6 7.8 40.1 40.3 42.1 37.0 37.3 41.6 37.2 29.8 23.1 16.3 33.1 33.1 29.8 22.6 66.4 64.2 68.5 61.3 64.0 66.8 53.2 58.6 62.3 53.1 5. -1 6.7 4.2 3.1 4.6 18.0 16.6 16.7 5.7 64.0 65.8 67.9 70.6 66.7 85.1 83.2 76.9 80.1 32.8 35.9 46.8 35.9 Children under 16 years. 7.1 8.0 6.9 12.1 15.2 12.8 13.3 10.7 16.3 17.0 2.7 5.1 5.4 10.0 8.9 7.2 7.3 7.0 11.8 11.9 4.6 5.3 6.5 13.0 16.8 3.4 3.2 1.8 3.1 9.3 10.4 6.6 12.7 17.2 9.2 9.8 5.8 17.8 20.8 10.1 13.5 15.5 23.4 23.2 1.0 1.4 0.5 .5.3 6.2 6.2 2.7 6.7 7.3 1.5 1.1 0.4 .5.1 1.8 2.6 4.1 4.5 ^ Returns not comparable. Increases in the proportion of women employed to the total number of wage-earners are shown in 9 indus- tries, as follows: Printing and publishing, from 7.8 to 20.3 per cent; wool manufactures, from 37.3 to 40.1 per cent; tobacco, from 16.3 to 41.6 per cent; boots and shoes, from 22.6 to 33.1 percent; hosiery and knit goods, from 54 to 66.4 per cent; silk manufactures, from 53.1 to 56.8 per cent; glass, from 4.6 to 5.4 per cent; electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. 2 Not reported separately in 1870. from 5.7 to 18 per cent; millinery and lace goods, from 80.1 to 85.1 per cent. The greatest proportional de- crease in the number of women took place in cotton manufactures and amounted to 10.8 per cent. The ratio of children employed to the total number of wage-earners decreased in each industry from 1870 to 1905, with one exception — the manufacture of boots and shoes. Of the total number of wage-earners em- ployed in this industry in 1880, 3.1 per cent were chil- Ixxxii MANUFACTURES. dren, while in 1905 the ratio had increased to 3.4 per cent, a gain of three-tenths of 1 per cent. The great- est decrease in the ratio of children to total number of wage-earners employed took place in the glass industry and amounted to 13.1 per cent in the thirty-five years. Other notable decreases in this particular are shown for tobacco manufactures and silk manufactures, amounting to 12.2 and 11.6 per cent, respectively. The industry of cotton manufactures is of particular interest because of the large number of women and children employed. Table xxxi shows the total number of wage-earners employed in the industry from 1870 to 1905, distributed according to geographic divisions and classes of wage-earners. Table XXXL— WAGE-EARXERS EMPLOYED IX COTTOX MAXUFACTURES: 1870 TO 1905. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS. GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. 1905 1900 1890 1880 174,659 1870 1905 147,283 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 United states 315,874 302,861 218,876 135,369 135.721 88,837 61,760 42,790 128, 163 126,882 106,607 84,558 69,637 159,477 33,634 120, 193 2,570 164,944 37,050 97,559 3,308 147,359 31,841 36,415 3,261 127, 185 28,367 16,741 2,366 94,775 28,974 10, 173 1,447 77,552 79,014 63,749 11,580 12,517 991 46,897 9,161 3,056 646 .30,203 8,466 3,640 481 72,373 16,339 37,938 1,513 74,882 17,. 584 32, 543 1,871 73,445 16,240 15,083 1,839 62,568 13,188 7,587 1,215 60,805 Middle states 14,306 54,664 761 15,012 40,555 1,140 14,126 Southern states 4,190 516 AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS— continued. PER CENT DISTRIBUTION, BY ( L.ASSES, OF W^AGE- EARNERS IN EACH DIVISION. GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION. Children under 16 years. Men. Women. Children. 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1 1890 1880 1 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 16.2 1870 United States... 40,428 40, 258 23,432 28,341 22,942 46.6 44.8 40.6 35.4 31.6 40.6 41.9 j 48.7 48.4 51.4 12. 8 I 13. 3 1 10. 7 17.0 9, 552 2,989 27,591 296 11,048 4,454 24,459 297 10, 165 4,021 8,815 431 17,720 6,018 4,098 505 13,767 6,382 2,343 450 48.6 42.5 45.5 29.6 47.9 40.5 41.6 34.5 43.3 36.4 34.4 30.4 36.9 32.3 30.2 27.3 31.9 29.2 35.8 33.2 45.4 48.6 31.6 58.9 43.4 47.5 33.3 36.3 49.8 31.0 41.4 36.4 49.2 46.5 45.3 51.4 63.6 48.8 41.2 35.7 6.0 ' 6.7 8.9 12.0 6. 9 13. 9 14.5 12.6 91 2 22.0 22.9 11.5 25.1 9.0 24.2 13.2 24.5 21.3 23.0 31.1 1 Includes Pacific states. From the standpoint of the number of wage-earners employed in this industry, the New England states have stood first throughout the years considered by the table, with the second place filled by the Middle states at the censuses of 1870 and 1880, and by the Southern states at each succeeding census. The most notable feature of the table is the progress made by the Southern states in the industry, as indi- cated by the number of wage-earners emploj^ed. Be- tween 1880 and 1890 this number doubled and between 1890 and 1905 more than trebled. At the census of 1905 the Southern states gave employment to 38.1 per cent of all the wage-earners in the industry, while fif- teen years previous the proportion amounted to but 16.6 per cent. From 1900 to 1905 the same division showed an increase of 23.2 per cent in the number of wage-earners employed, while the New England states showed a decrease of 3.3 per cent, and the Middle states, of 9.2 per cent. In this connection, however, it should be said that one of the largest cotton manufac- turing centers in Massachusetts was involved in a long and obstinate strike in this industry during the year covered by the census of 1905. It is probable, there- fore, that the decrease in New England was due to this cause rather than to an actual decline in the industry, in that division. The ratio of the number of men employed to the total number of wage-earners has been constantly in- creasing since 1870. The increase in this ratio, amount- ing to 15 per cent, was made largely at the expense of the women wage-earners, whose ratio has decreased 10.8 per cent during the thirty-five years. In the New England and Southern states the de- crease in the proportion of women employed has been a feature in the industry, the decrease from 1870 to 1905 amounting to 9.6 per cent in the latter division and to 8.2 per cent in the former. The Middle states have Varied but little, and the Western states have in- creased the proportion of women from 35.7 per cent in 1870 to 58.9 per cent in 1905. In the New England and Southern states the decrease in the proportion of women was offset Ijy an increase in the proportion of men, indicating that men are displacing women in the industry. The ratio of the number of children to the total num- ber of wage-earners employed has decreased steadily in the New England and Middle states. In the Southern states the ratio increased from 23 per cent in 1870 to 25.1 per cent in 1900, when apparently the maximum was reached, as five years later, according to the census of 1905, onlj;- 22.9 per cent of the wage-earners em- ployed in the industrj^ in the South were children. In fact, in 1905 the children employed by the industry " in this division comprised 68.2 per cent of the total number of children engaged in the manufacture of cot- ton goods in the United States. EMPLOYEES AND WAGES AND TIME IN OPERATION. Ixxxiu DEVELOPMENT OF WAGE STATISTICS SINCE IS 10.' Table xxxii shows the questions asked concerning persons cmployod and their compensation at tlie ccn- 'Thispart of the chupter ddwn to "Sp('fialconiniitt(M''sinquiry " was prepared by William A, Countryman, of the division of manu- factureti. suses of 1S2(J and 1S40, and all subsequent censuses up to 1890. The first account of manufactures, made in ISIO, was very general, wages and wage-earners not being considered. No census of manufactures was tiiken in IS.'iO, and the questions used at the censuses of 1900 and 1905 are pi-escuted and discussed in the preceding section of tins chapter. Table XXXII.— PERSONS EMPLOYED, SALARIES AND WAdES: QUESTIONS USED ON THE GENERAL SCHEDULE AT <:'EXSUSES OK 18:20, 1840, AND ALL SUBSEQUENT CENSUSES UP TO 1890. [The .\ iollowing the qui'yti(»ii and i)lac:fd uikIit the year, signifies that the question was asked tliat year.] 1820 X 1840 1850 1860 1K70 1880 1890 Amount paid annually in wages 1 X X Average day's wages for a skilled mechanic X X X X X X Average number of hands employed: MaU-; IVmale Average number of hands employed: Males iibovo 16 years; females above 15 yrars; children and youth X X Clerics or salesmen: Males above 16 years; females above 15 years; children; average nxunber employed during the year; total amount paid in was; >^:s during the year. .... . ... rjrpnt.pst. Tinmhf r nf hnnrts prnplnypfl at :inv''nnf' timp rlnring \hp j-ppr X Number of men employed X VnmbPr of Tipr.t;nn.<5*PTnplnyprj' Mpd ; wnrr^Pri; boyS flnd girlfl Officers an(f firm members': Males; females; average number employed during the year ; total amount paid in wages during the vear . Operatives, engineers, and other skilled workmen, overseers and foremen, or superintendents (not general superintendents or managers) : Males above 16 years; females above 15 years; children; average number employed during the year; total amount paid in wages during the year Piecework:(not Included in the foregoing statement) :• Males above 16 years; females above 15 years; children. X X Watchmen, laborers, teamsters, and other unskilled workmen: Males above 16 years; females above 15 years; children; average number employed during the year; total amount paid in wages during the year. Weekly rates of wages paid and average number of hands employed at each rate (not including those em- ployed on piecework) [from under S5 by gradations to S25 and over]; Males above 16 years; females 1 The " Joregoine statement " included operatives, engineers, and other skilled workmen, overseers and foremen, or superintendents (not general superintendents or managers;; watchmen, laborers, teamsters, and other unskilled workmen. At the census of 1840, while the question in the great majority of instances was as stated in the table, the schedules for wool, cotton, flax, mixed manufactures, tobacco, and fur hats, caps, bonnets, etc., asked for the "number of persons employed," and the silk schedule, for the "number of males employed," and the "num- ber of females and children employed." These may be regarded as special forms for the inquiry. Although the reports of manufactures for 1850 and 1860 contained statistics of the annual cost of labor, there was no inquiry on the schedule as to the total amount of wages paid. It is probable that the returns in answer to the request for the average monthly cost of labor were used as the basis of an estimate. The in- structions contained this clause: * * * "the av- erage number of hands and the average monthly wages are to be returned, so that by dividing the latter by the former the result will show the average earnings of in- dividuals." In 1850 the instructions provided that "in all cases where the employer boards the hands, the usual charge of board is to be added to the wages," and in 1890 that " wages paid should include board or rent furnished as part compensation." No mention of this is found on the schedule for 1860 or 1870 but it was specifically required on the schedules for 1900 and 1905. In 1880 some of the special schedules had a large variety of detailed wage inquiries, some covering daily or weekly rates, actual or average, and occupa- tions, the results of which were utilized in the special reports. The special schedule for cotton manufac- tures also contained the following questions, among others, with a specific statement that answers, though desired, were not required bv law: "What relation do the wages of 1880 bear to those of any previous date, both in actual amount and in purchasing power?" ("The answer may be in some respects a matter of judgment." — Note in schedule.) "What were the average earnings of women per week in the following periods*"— 1840, 1850, 1860, 1870, 1875, and 1880—" in weaving only" and "in all departments including weaving?" "Are the females in the mills now older or younger, on the average, than at previous dates?" "What were the average earnings per week of male operatives, including overseers and second hands?" Many questions were asked bearing on productivity, and at the close this statement was made: "It may, perhaps, be possible for only a few of those to whom this is sent to answer all the questions, but partial answers will be very welcome." There was an evident attempt to cover the whole field and make the work thorough. Accompanying this census a special inquiry was made concerning rates of wages and average earn- ings by occupations in certain establishments and industries, and the results were presented in a sepa- rate volume. Some of the statistics extended over a period of thirty years. The "total" on the schedule for 1890 for average Ixxxiv MANUFACTURES. number employed and for the amount paid in wages during the year was the aggregate for the different classes, made as a matter of course from the class totals already furnished, and is not included in the table. At this census some of the schedules for selected industries contained many questions concerning average number and total wages, by occupations, sex, and age. The special schedule for " timber products " and for "lumber mills and sawmills" had, among other questions, these, asked for the different specified occupations: "Average number of hands employed during the year — white; colored; Indians; Chinese." "Total amount paid in wages during the year." A special inquiry into hourly and weekly "actual rates of wages" in 1890 and 1900 for a limited num- ber of establishments was undertaken in 1900, fol- lowing the census itself, and published in a separate volume entitled "Employees and Wages." In this report cumulative percentages and the median and quartiles were used instead of the average. In its inquiries into mines and quarries, for the cal- endar year 1902, and street and electric railways, and central electric light and power stations, covering the fiscal year ending June 30, 1902, the Bureau of the Census secured the average number of wage-earners by occupations and daily rates of pay, using cumu- lative percentages and, in some cases, the median; and in telephones and telegraphs, also for 1902, the average number by occupations. The average num- ber of wage-earners embraced in these four inquiries aggregated about 800,000. SPECIAL REPORTS ON WAGES. The various special methods already alluded to, employed by the Bureau of the Census in treating wage-earners and wages, together with certain methods used in other special governmental inquiries, are described below and set forth by illustrative tables from the different reports. Tenth Census. — The special report on wage statistics for the Tenth Census was prepared under the direction of Mr. Joseph D. Weeks, expert special agent. This report was limited to showing the rates of wages of the most important classes of employees in 627 establish- ments, distributed among 53 of the more important manufacturing, mechanical, and mining industries. In addition, some further data were collected bearing on the intervals of payment, hours of labor, regularity of employment, prices of products, cost of labor to a unit of product, and the percentages of wages to cost of products. Besides the information noted above the schedules on which the rates of wages were reported provided for giving the rates for a series of years. In some instances rates were secured for periods of thirty years. The tables that follow illustrate the method of presenting the data collected at this special investi- gation. Table xxxiii presents part of the return of a boot and shoe factory in Indiana for rates of wages paid to the employees according to occupation, with the unit of payment, whether the month or d&j, from 1870 to 1880. The original table goes back to 1859. Table XXXIII.— RATES OF WAGES PAID IN A BOOT AND SHOE FACTORY IN INDIANA; 1870 TO 1880.' CLASS OF EMPLOYEES. Unit Ot payment. 1880 1879 18J8 1877 1876 1875 1874 187S 1872 1871 $125.00 S125.00 sue. 66J $108. 33J $100.00 $100.00 $133.33J$150.00 2.75 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.50 3.60 3.50 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.60 2.60 2.50 1.76 1.76 1.75 1.76 1.76 2.00 2.00 2.25 1.75 1.76 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.76 1.75 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.25 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.76 1.75 2.00 2.00 1.75 1.75 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.75 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.15 2.16 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.60 2.50 2. .50 2.60 2.50 2.75 2.76 3.00 2.00 2.25 2.26 2.26 2.26 2.26 2.50 2.50 1.90 1.90 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.25 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.25 1.26 1.25 1.25 1.60 1.50 1.60 1.60 1.75 1.75 2.00 1.90 1.90 1.90 2.00 2.00 1.76 1.75 1.7.5 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.76 2.00 1.76 1.50 1.60 1.76 1.75 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.75 1.75 1.76 1.76 1.76 2.00 2.00 2.0O 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.26 2.25 2.25 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.76 1.76 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.76 1.75 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.76 1.75 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.25 1.25 1.25 1.26 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.25 1.26 1.25 1.25 1,50 l.SO 1.60 1.75 1.75 2.00 2.00 2.00 1870 Overseer Cutter, upper. Cutter, sole Fitter Laster Treer Bottomer. . . Trimmer Burnisher. . . Edge setter. Finisher McKay sewer and cabler Channel opener and cementer . Beater out Rand and wedge tacker Heel nailer Heel shaver Heel baclter Edee blaclcer BuSer on machine. Shank buffer and marker . Seat wheeler Sack liner and tyer up Cleaner Buttoner or lacer Packer Month . Day... Day . . . Day... Day. . . Day. Day. Day. Dav- Day. Day. Day. Day. Day. Day. Day. Dav. Day. Day. Day. Day. Day. Day. Day. Day. Day. $125.00 3.10 2.10 1.90 1.75 2.00 1.76 1.75 2.00 2.00 2.50 2.25 2.00 2.00 1.26 1.75 1.60 1.76 1.75 2.00 1.75 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.50 $125.00 3.00 2.00 1.75 1.75 2.00 1.75 1.75 2.00 2.00 2.50 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.26 1.75 1.60 1.75 1.75 2.00 1.75 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.50 $150.00 3.50 2.75 2.25 2.00 2.26 2.00 2.00 2.15 2.00 3.00 2.60 2.25 2.00 1.50 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.25 2.00 2. 25 2.25 1.50 1.26 1.75 1 Tenth Census, ^'ol. XX. page Iti, '• Statistics of Wages." EMPLOYEES AND WAGES AND TIME IN OPERATION. Ixxxv To show the care with which the returns were inter- preted, the following "remarks" appended to the table are reproduced: Remarks. — This establishment makes men's, boys', and youths' kip, calf, and grain boots, and women's, children's, and misses' goat, calf, and split (Polish) boots, shoes, and fine shoes. For six months in the year about two hours per day overtime is made. This would increase the wages gi^'en in the above table about one-fifth. No extra time, however, was made during 1878. Each workman finds his own kit of tools, but the expense would decrease his wages but slightly. Payments are made on the 1st and 15th of each month in cash. The hours of labor have been ten hours for all classes. The establishment has been in constant operation twelve months in the year since 1860, with few and unimportant stoppages. It is stated in the return furnished by this establishment that there have been three strikes, the cause of each being the introduc- tion of new machinery. In each case the workmen resumed work on the employers' terms. ***** The quality of goods made has greatly improved, and conse- quently the efficiency of the workmen must be sreater than formerly. Many kinds of machinery have been introduced. This has had a tendency to lessen cost and to decrease the number of employees to a given amount of work. Table xxxiv illustrates another phase of the special report on wages — the presentation of the ratio of cost of labor to total cost of production, with the average price of the products at the factory. The return is from a shoe factory in Massachusetts and is for a series of years. It presents the average price of the shoes — first, second, and third quality — at the worlds, together with cost of labor to unit of prod- uct and percentage of wages to cost of production for each of the three qualities : Table XXXIV. — Prices and co.sl of shoes per pair in Massachusetts: 1855 to 1880. AVEKAGE PRICE AT "WORKS. \ COST or LABOR TO tTNIT OF PRODUCT. PER CENT OF WAGES TO COST. YEAR. First Second qual- ity. Third qual- ity. First qual- ity. Second Third qual- qual- ity, ity. First Second qual- qual- ity. Ity. Third qual- ity. 1855 1860 1865 1870 1875 1880 $1.00 .95 1.75 1.40 1.30 1.10 $0.80 .75 1.60 1.20 1.00 .85 $0.65 .60 1.25 .95 .70 $0.30 .26 .35 .40 .24 .22 $0.25 .20 .32 .37 .23 .22 SO. 22 .18 .32 ,34 .23 34 1 32 1 .33 28 28 30 23 22 ■■ 25 28 30 36 183 23 32 18 ! 24 A few mechanical occupations which are common to many industries were grouped by industries for pur- poses of ready reference. Table xxxv gives the wages of engineers in the agricultural implement industry.' 'Tenth Census, Vol. XX, page 14, "Statistics of Wages," etc. Table XXXV.— WAGES OF ENGINEERS— AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS: 1867 TO I88O.1 STATE. City. Unit of payment. 1880 1879 1878 1877 1876 1875 1874 187S 1872 1871 1870 1869 1868 1867 Alton Day Day Dav Day Day Day Day Day Day $3.00 2.00 2.00 2.25 2.25 1.915 2.25 2.50 2.50 $3.00 2.00 2.00 2.25 2.25 1.91? 2.25 2.35 2. .50 $3.00 2.00 2.00 2.25 2.25 1.91i 2.25 2.35 2.25 $3.00 2.00 2.00 2.25 2 25 $3.00 2.00 2.00 2.25 S3. 00 $3.00 $3.50 $3.50 $3.50 Illinois ' EvansvUle 2.00 2.25 2.26 1.915 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.25 2.25 1.911 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.25 2.25 2.00 2.2s 2.25 2.00 2.00 2.25 Kentucky $2.00 2.26 $2.00 $2.00 $2.00 Massachusetts Worcester 1.91| inis Ohio 2.25 2.10 2.25 2.25 2.10 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Ohio 2.00 2.00 2.00 Ohio 1 1 Tenth Census, Vol. XX, page 503, "Statistics of Wages, etc." Eleventh Census. — The inquiry which is now particu- larly identified as marking a distinct step at the Eleventh Census toward the ideal in wage statistics was that which required the "weekly rates of wages paid and average number of hands employed at each rate (not including those employed on piecework) " for males above 16 years, females above 15 years, and chil- dren. The classification began at "under $5" and, passing through gradations of $1, $2, S3, and S5, reached finally "$25 and over." The classified weekly rates were not returned either in sufficient number or satisfactorily enough to be util- ized for the entire United States, but answers to the other questions were used in a variety of ways bearing upon the distribution of wages. The rates were shown only for 50 selected industries in 165 cities, being made part of a detailed table which presented also the aver- age number of employees in each class called for by the schedule, average weekly earnings, total wages, and number of hours in an ordinary day of labor. These rates, as stated in the report, included those for officers, firm members, and clerks.' In this way the rates for 976,51 6 employees in 44,224 establishments were shown. In illustration, part of a table follows, showing the males above 16 years of age in cotton mills at the classi- fied weekly rates of wages : 1 Eleventh Census, Vol. V, Manufacturing Industries, Part II, page xxviii, " Statistics of Cities.'' Ixxxvi MANUFACTURES. Table XXXVI.— (■(:)TT()X GOODS, CLASSIFIED UNDER RATES OF WAGES IN CITIES: 1890. ' WEEKLY KATES OF WAGES PAID AND AVEEAGE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES AT EACH RATE, INCLUDING OFFICERS, FIRM MEMBERS, AND CLERKS, BUT NOT THOSE EMPLOYED ON PIECEWORK. Males above 16 years. Total. Atlanta, Ga Augusta, Ga Boston, Maj^s. . . Brooklyn, N. Y. Cbester, Pa Cincinnati, Ohio. . Fall River, Mass. Fitchburg, Mass. Holyoke, Mass. . . Lancaster, Pa Lawrence, Ga Lewiston, Me. . . . . Lincoln, R. I Lowell, Mass Mancliester, N. II . Newark, N. J.. . . New Bedford, Ma New York, N. Y. Patei^son, N. J.. . Pawtucket, R. I. Petersburg, Va . . . Philadelphia, Pa . , Providence, R. I. . Springfield, Mass. Taunton, Mass.. . Utica, N. Y Woonsocket, R. I. Worcester, Mass . . All other cities Total number. J4,S71 400 1,034 118 70 963 251 9,163 576 940 364 1,771 1,900 1,705 5,037 4,019 .591 3, 140 lU 287 1,170 179 2,802 1,016 9 S9.T .593 1,149 56 4, 06J 6,045 215 390 4 1 31 23 1,243 67 83 101 287 96 602 270 i 14 375 .S5 and over but imder S6. 4,085 79 193 69 176 55 116 345 1 983 39 6 25 60 22 119 210 105 .396 268 13 316 1 12 132 15 221 61 104 1 612 S6 and over but under.??. 22 288 S7and over but under .S8. 24 58 3 4 164 $8 and over but under $9. 4,729 16 24 1,498 1,016 41 100 172 1:9 52 76 .314 301 328 238 342 266 1,226 756 717 6.56 117 17 453 368 3 20 28 200 113 21 20 154 241 236 HH 1 1 135 9.-1 76 108 149 102 1 548 359 $9 and over but under 110, 10 1 2 42 40 1,244 23 261 i 178 294 12 411 4 17 186 11 22 83 14 118 20 1,164 176 164 22 166 214 172 606 556 110 and $12 and over but over but under S12. under $15. 5, 167 3 15 ■ 2 17 73 .58 1,207 28 126 19 213 235 207 438 .540 $15 and over but under $20, 23 148 1 2.50 21s .-193 4 ■',s 22 140 146 10 13 285 470 90 96 2 1 72 64 43 105 93 99 4 15 414 270 5)0 88 70 20 143 111 118 217 2,S9 90 271 53 61 73 11 446 112 24 37 13 304 $20 and over but under $25. 1,789 27 18 7 12 41 30 185 21 53 14 34 39 58 85 118 191 51 30 16 2 382 73 1 14 20 30 4 164 S2S and over. 762 6 24 2 3 11 16 81 5 10 6 12 21 31 138 55 14 43 3 4 20 96 15 12 9 15 1 ISIeventh Census, Vol. V, Manulacturing Industries, Part II, iia.ge 718, '■ Statistics of Cities." Index numbers — Report of Senate Committee on Finance. — In the report made March 3, 1893, by the Senate Committee on Finance, on wholesale prices, wages, and transportation,' relative numbers were first made use of to show the rise or fall in wages during a period of years. The first step in the computation of relative numbers is the adoption of a base line or the period to represent 100 in the system to be adopted. In the report under consideration wages in January, 1860, were taken as the basis, and the subsequent wages in every occupation in each industry expressed in percentages of the standard. Thus, if the rate of wages in an occupation was |50 a month for January, 1860, and $100 for tlic same period ten years later, then, representing the basic number by 100, the rela- tive wage ten years later was 200, or an increase of 100 per cent. In order to obtain the relative wages for all industries, two methods were pursued. The first method consisted in obtaining a simple average of the relative wages for all the occupations comprising each industry. This gave the relative wage for the industry; then a simple average of the relative wages for all industries was adopted as the relative wage for all industries. By this method industries in which the number of persons employed was small and the rate 1 A\'holesale Prici-t^, Wagc.-^, and Transportation, Senate Report 1394, by Mr. Aldrich, from the Committee on Finance, March 3, 1893. of wages great were given the same weight as indus- tries in which a large number of wage-earners were employed at small wages. To obviate this defect and give each industry its proper importance, the second method was resorted to, which consisted in weight- ing — as it is technically called — the industries accord- ing to the number of persons employed. This was done by multiplying the relative wage in each indus- try by the number of persons whose wages were reported in that industry and dividing the sum of the results by the total number oi persons reported for all in- dustries. In the Senate report daily wages from 1840 to 1891 were obtained from actual pay rolls in 22 industries, but only 21 were shown in the final tables. The num- ber of distinct series of quotations, or wage returns, from 1860 to 1891 was 543. Very many of these cov- ered the same occupation in different establishments of the same industry. The daily wages paid January, 1860, were taken as the base or standard of each wage series presented and an index number calculated for each year backward to 1840 and forward to 1891. For instance, in January, 1860, one band boy in a given cotton mill (establishment 40) earned 75 cents per day, and another in the same mill, 83 cents. The average was, therefore, 79 cents and is the base or standard for that occupation. In January, 1861, in the same mill one band boy earned 60 cents, another 67 cents, and EMPLOYEES AND WACiES AND TIME IN OPERATION. Ixxxvii two others 83 cents.' The average wage as shown for January, 1861, was accordingly 7o\- cents, a decrease of 5f cents, or 7 per cent. As 79 is talien as the base, 'Wiolesale Prices. Wages, and Transportation, Senate Report 1394, by Mr. Aldrich, frcni tlie ( dmmittee on I'iinmee. Part III, page 710. or 100 per cent, a decrease of 7 per cent from that base (100 — 7 = !)3) gives the relative wage or index number in 1861 for that wage return. All illustration of the resuhs of this method is given in Table xxxvii, wliicli is a portion of a table for wage scries in the report for cDttoii mills. Table XXXVII.— COTTON GOODS, RELATIVE WAGES: 1860 TO 1870. < [The figures preceding the name of the occupation represent the number of the estabiishment for which the relative wages are given.] VE.\R. 38. Back boys. 40. Back bands, i 18(10 100.0 80.8 73. li 135. S 177.4 171.7 ISO. s 207. :, 203. S 201.9 203.8 181.1 18(i2 ISlvi 1864 100.0 125.0 137.6 131.3 125.0 145.0 18(''"> ISiiii 1S1.7 18iiS 1869 1870 38. Balers 100.0 83.0 83.0 108.0 133.0 133.0 167.0 167.0 154. 163.0 150.0 <0 Band boys. Beam carriers. 100.0 93.0 i2ii. i; 63.3 126.6 94.3 105.1 94.9 100.0 100.0 83.2 83.2 129. ■^ 149.7 162.3 174.9 167.1 157.5 167.5 169.9 .\s. Beltinen. 38. Black- smiths. 38. Bobbin men. 38. Boiler men. 38. Boiler men's helpers. 38. Card grinders. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.5 100.0 85.7 100; 90.2 111.3 106.6 106. 95.4 100.0 110.7 111.3 105.6 123.7 100.0 115.7 110.7 116.7 116.5 159.0 97.7 115.7 119.5 122.0 160.6 153.4 107.1 129.6 140.0 150. 158.4 144.2 114.3 138 9 141.0 150.0 158.4 116.6 114. 3 1^.9 154.6 150.0 161.2 144.2 128.6 138.9 172.7 150.0 161.2 176.7 114.3 146.3 182.0 183.3 167.3 167. S 104.6 146.3 177.6 1 Wholesale I'rices, Wages, and Transportation. Senate Report 1394, by Mr. Aldrich, from the Committee on Fintmre, Pnrt I, page 122. The index numbers for every series in each industry were then brought together by years in a general sum- mary, as shown by the following section of a table: Table XXXVIIL— RELATIVE WAGES, BY INDUSTRIES; 18(10 TO 1870.i 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. lSli4. 1865. 1866. 1867. 1868. 1869. 1870. Leather. i 100.0 110.6 123.4 138.4 153.7 160.4 158.1 151.7 150.7 152.1 151. 6 Metals Lumber. and metallic goods. 100.0 100.0 103.6 102.2 107.2 102.8 131.8 106.5 144.6 121.3 163.2 144.9 154. 2 148.0 157.1 151.2 163.7 153. (1 165.6 156. 3 169.0 157.1 Paper. All in- dustries. 100.0 100.0 100.0 103.3 89.5 101.4 107.2 103.0 108.9 111.7 143.6 133.0 153.9 142.1 161.3 150.7 171.4 154.2 171.9 157.2 171.1 164.8 1 Wholesale Prices, Wages, and Transportation. Senate Report 1394, by Mr. Aldrich, from the Committee on Finance, Part I, page 174. These are simple averages, but it was deemed ad- visable to give each industry a rank of importance according either to the numbers shown for it in the occupational tables of the various Federal censuses (except for 1840, when they were taken from the sta- tistics of manufactures) or to an average based upon them. For the first five years of a decade the census figures for the decennial year were taken; for the last five a mean between the two censuses was used. As the figures for the 1890 census were still in process of tabulation when the report was being prepared, the figures for 1880 were used for 1880 to 1891. In making use of these weights the relative wage in each indus- try is multiplied by the appropriate weight and the sum of the results divided by the sum of the weights. The simple and the weighted averages are shown by the following illustrative table : Table XXXIX. — EHative wages in all occupations, grouped hy dif- ferent methods: 1860 to 1870} ' Average Simple laccording average, i to im- portance. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. 1866. 1867. 1868. 1870. 100.0 100.8 102.9 110.5 125.6 143.1 152.4 167.6 169.2 162.0 162.2 100.0 100.7 103.7 118.8 134.0 148.6 155.6 164.0 164.9 167.4 167.1 1 Wholesale Prices, Wages, and Transportation. Senate Report 1394, by Mr. Aldrich, from the Committee on Finance, Part I, page 176. Department of Labor. — The main part of the Senate wage inquirj' was conducted by the Department (now Bureau) of Labor, which had previously presented Ixxxviii MANUFACTURES. wage statistics according to a variety of methods, although without employing index numbers. In 1900-1901 that Department began an extensive in- vestigation into the wages per hour, earnings per week, and hours of labor, and the cost of living, be- ginning with 1890, in some of the leading occupations of a limited number of industries. This was much like a continuation of the Aldrich inquiry. Delays in the work permitted the report to be brought up to the close of 1903, and the results were published in 1904. A further bulletin in 1905 added figures for 1904, and the inquiry has now become an annual undertaking. For 1904 information was secured cov- ering 350 occupations in 3,732 establishments, en- gaged in 42 industries. Index numbers were used, the base being the averages during the ten-year period 1890 to 1899. The weights used were the aggregate wages paid as reported at the census of 1900. An illustrative table follows: Table XL. — Course of wages and hours of labor. 1890 to 1904, when weighted according to aggregate wages paid in each industry, as re- ported by the census of 1900. '■ [Eelative numbers computed on basis of average for 1890—1899—100.0.] EMPLOYEES. HOURS PEE -WEEK. WAGES PER HOTTR. TEAK. Relative number. Per cent of increase (+) or decrease (-)inl904 as compared with year specified.2 Relative number. Per cent of increase (+) or decrease (-)inl904 as compared with year specined.!^ Relative number. Per cent of increase (+) or decrease (-) ml904 as compared with year specified. 2 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 94.8 97.3 99.2 99.4 94.1 96.4 98.6 100,9 106.4 112.1 115.6 119.1 123.6 126.5 125.7 +32.6 +29.2 +26.7 +26.5 +33.6 +30.4 +27.5 +24.6 + 18.1 +12.1 + 8.7 + 5.5 + 1.7 - 0.6 100.7 10O.5 100.5 100.3 99.8 100.1 99.8 99.6 99.7 99.2 98.7 98.1 97.3 96.6 95.9 -4.8 -4.6 -4.6 -4.4 -3.9 -4.2 -3.9 -3.7 -3.8 -3.3 -2.8 -2.2 -1.4 -0.7 100.3 100.3 100.8 100.9 97.9 98.3 99.7 99.6 100.2 102.0 105.6 108.0 112.2 116.3 117.0 +16.7 +16.7 + 16.1 +16.0 + 19.6 + 19.0 +17.4 + 17.5 +16.8 +14.7 +10.9 + 8.3 + 4.3 + 0.6 1 Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor. No. 59. July, 1905. page 12. ' The figures in this column give, opposite each year, the per cent of increase or decrease (indicated by + or — ) which the 1904 figures show as compared with the year specified. Thus, opposite the year 1890, under employees, appears +32.6; this shows that the increase in the number of employees in 1904 as compared with 1890 was 32.6 per cent. Opposite 1890, under hours per weeic, appears —4.8; this shows that the decrease in the hours of labor per weelc in 1904 as compared with 1890 was 4.8 per cent. In lilce maimer imder wages per hour, appears +16.7; this shows that the increase in the wages per hour in 1904 as compared with 1890 was 16.7 per cent. The figures opposite each year should be read in like manner. Op- posite the year 1904, of course, no figures can be placed. Employees andwages. — As an outcome of a difference between the census of manufactures of 1890 and that of 1900 in the computation of the annual average earn- ings, which rendered the results incomparable,^ a sup- plementary inquiry into wages and wage-earners was conducted by Dr. Davis R. Dewey in order to ascertain more accurately the trend of wages during the decade. The volume entitled "Employees and Wages," in which the results of the investigation were embodied, is a most scientific presentation of the subject. 'Twelfth Censun, Manufactures, Part I, page cxxv. The investigation was limited to 34 of the most im- portant and stable industries, and the pay rolls, for one normal pay period, of 720 establishments were tran- scribed for both census years, whenever available. Each employee was shown upon the schedule according to' his actual rate of earning for the period covered by the pay roll selected. The establishnaents were distrib- uted throughout the countrj'', so that comparisons could be made within geographic divisions wherein economic conditions regulating wages would be similar. For purposes of comparison all rates were reduced to rates by the hour and week, and tables prepared by oc- cupations and establishments. Throughout the re- port wage-earners are distributed according to wage groups, with 50 cents between each group in case of weekly rates and 1 cent in case of hourly rates. To facilitate comparisons between the two census periods and to aid in analysis. Doctor Dewey made use of cu- mulative percentages and the median and quartiles. The manner of presentation is well illustrated by Ta- ble XLI. Table XLI. — Use of cumulative percentages, medians, and quartiles. '^ RATES PEE WEEK (DOLLARS). ACTUAL NUM- BER AT RATE SPECIFIED. PERCENTAGE IN THE GROUP. CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE. MEDIAN AND QUARTILE GROUPS. 1900 1890 1900 1890 1900 1890 1900 1890 Total 759 572 100.0 100.0 16ao~ 99.1 97.8 94.7 90.6 89.0 82.0 81.1 78.2 72.1 71.5 71.4 59.2 56.3 53.1 45.2 41.9 41.8 28.6 28.3 27.9 18.0 17.1 17.0 8.8 7.1 7.0 4.9 4.6 4.6 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3.60 to 3.99 :-. 7 10 23 31 12 53 7 22 46 5 1 92 22 24 60 25 1 100 2 3 75 7 1 62 13 1 16 2 1 19 1 1 6 4 15 9 3 40 3 6 37 5 2 42 6 30 45 31 5 61 3 1 62 4 1 72 2 1 22 2 1 17 1 1 3 2 1 6 2 1 4. 4 I 0.9 1.3 3.1 4.1 1.6 7.0 0.9 2.9 6.1 0.6 0.1 12.2 2.9 3.2 7.9 3.3 0.1 13.2 0.3 0.4 9.9 0.9 0.1 8.2 1.7 0.1 2.1 0.3 0.1 2.6 0.1 0.1, 0.8 0.6 "o'i' ....... 0.9 1.2 2.6 1.6 0.5 7.0 0.5 1.1 6.5 0.9 0.3 7.3 1.1 6.2 7.9 6.4 0.9 10.7 0.5 0.2 10.8 0.7 0.2 12.6 0.3 0.2 3.8 0.3 0.2 3.0 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.6 100.0 99.1 97.9 95.3 93.7 93.2 86.2 85.7 84.6 78.1 77.2 76.9 69.6 68.5 63.3 65.4 60.0 49.1 38.4 37.9 37.7 26.9 26.2 26.0 13.4 13.1 12.9 9.1 8.8 8.6 6.6 6.4 6.2 4.7 4.4 4.2 3.1 2.8 2.6 1.9 1.2 1.0 O.S 0.6 4.00to 4.49 4.60to 499 6.00to 5.49 6.50to 5.99 e.OOto 6.49 6.50 to 6.99 7.00to 7.49 . 7.60 to 7.99 8.00 to 8.49 •^- 1 8.50 to 8.99 9.00 to 9.49 9.50 to 9.99 Q. 10.00 to 10.49 10.50 to 10.99 11.00 to 11.49 M. 11..50 to 11.99 12.00 to 12.49 ^ JI. 12.50 to 12.99 13.00 to 13.49 13.50 to 13.99 14.00 to 14.49 Q. 14.50 to 14.99 15.00 to 16.49 15..50to 15.99 ' Q. 16.00 to 16.49 16.60 to 16.99 17.00 to 17.49 17.60 to 17.99 18.00 to 18.49 t... 18.60 to 18.99 19.00 to 19.49 19.50 to 19.99 20.00 to 20.49 20.50 to 20.99 21.00 to 21.49 3 21.50 to 21.99 22.00 to 22.49 22.50 to 22.99 23.00 to 23.49 23.50 to 23.99 24.00 to 24.49 24.50 to 24.99 25.00 to 26.49 1 3 0.1 0.5 - 1 Twelfth Census, Special Reports, Employees and Wages, page xxv It is evident from the table that, by means of the cumulative percentages, the proportion of the total number of wage-earners receiving as much as or more than the initial amount of each group is indicated. EMPLOYEES AND WAGES AND TIME IN OPERATION. Ixxxix The cumulative percentages also simplify the placing of the median and quartiles. The usefulness of the cumulative percentage is apparent in this table, since it discloses at a glance that for the wage-earners tabu- lated therein there was a decrease in wages between 1890 and 1900, although, obviously, it can not afford a quantitative measure of the decrease. The median is used to show in what group the em- ployee midway between the lowest and the highest paid employee falls, and the quartiles indicate, respec- tivelj', the group in which the employee falls who stands midway between the highest paid and the mid- dle employee, and that in which falls the employee who stands midway between the middle and the low- est paid employee. Thus, if two periods are com- pared, the median and the quartiles ^\t11 indicate clearly whether there was a rising or a falling in the groups wherein they appear at either of the two periods. AVERAGE ANNUAL EARNINGS. There is such an element of inaccuracy entering into the average number of wage-earners, as hitherto reported at the different censuses, that at the present census no computations of average annual earnings have been made. At past censuses this average has been computed by dividing the wages paid to each class by the average number of wage-earners in each class; and the total wages paid, by the total aver- age number. The problem presents serious difficul- ties, but it is believed that they can be overcome or minimized. Practical method. — The method to be employed in endeavoring to ascertain the average number of wage- earners and the wages paid must be such as is practi- cable, the primary object of a general census being kept constantly in view, and the limitations of time and expense being fully appreciated. It is not feasi- ble to secure the actual number of wage-earners and the actual yearly earnings of each. An enumeration, from time book or pay roll, of every person — man, woman, and child — employed for an}" length of time, from a few hours up to several months or a year, in all establishments in all industries throughout the United States, is impossible, when the severe limitations of a census are considered. An accounting of the wages paid these wage-earners separately for the entire year is subject to the same insuperable difficulties. But' if a detailed inquiry into wages and wage-earners in all industries is impracticable as a part of a regular cen- sus, the question arises whether it would be possible to make it as a separate investigation by the Bureau of the Census. That such a com-se is not practicable is shown by the limited inquiry of 1880 into daily rates of pay, and that of 1900 into hourly and weekly rates. These inquiries, although for only a comparatively few establishments, consumed, the one three and the other two years, and were conducted at much expense. To extend them to cover all the establishments in every industry in the countr}- would probably more than exhaust the time between one census and another and certainly entail a very great cost, while the resultant volumes of primary tables, summaries, and analyses would be appalling. These methods are available, therefore, only for representative establishments. Detailed inquiries being thus impracticable, the only available method of ascertaining the average an- nual earnings, if the computation of these is to be con- tinued, is that now employed — namely, the use of the average for men, women, and children, respectively, as divisors and the total wages paid and the amount paid each class as dividends — subject to the improve- ments hereinafter mentioned. This method, requir- ing a return by the manufacturer of what purports to be the average number of wage-earners and the total wages paid during the year, was early recognized as the only practicable one, and at the census of 1850 the "average number" was asked, whereas previously the "number" had been required. This method has been constantly improved. At first nothing but a bare statement of the annual aver- age number was asked for; then came a request for information concerning the months and parts of months in operation, the hours per week and per day, the overtime, and the greatest and least number em- ployed at any one time, in order that the accuracy of this annual average might be tested. It was also sought to secure tables of weekly rates, with a view, in part, to further verification. These tables and the time in operation constituted the principal sources of verification in 1890. Finally the average each month was required, the annual average being computed from these averages, verified by time in operation. A table of actual earnings for the week during which the greatest number of wage-earners was employed was afterwards secured, not only as a showing of value in itself, but as having an important bearing upon the return of the annual average number of wage-earners and total wages. During all this time a better classi- fication of salaried employees and wage-earners was being made, resulting in a more careful segregation of the wage-earners, so that they might be more strictly comparable from one census to another. As has already been stated, the foregoing method of computing the average annual earnings is subject to certain defects, which were set forth at the census of 1900.' It must never be assumed that the result shows the average annual earnings of a machinist, or of a weaver, or of a laborer, or of a wage-earner of any other occupation; or that it is the earnings of the average of persons working a whole year, or those of a group employed six months, or a month, or any other period of time. The average is simply, according to the explicit statement accompanying the announcement of the result of the computation, the annual earnings in each case of a complex average unit or artificial I Twelfth Census, Manufactures, Part I, page cxi. xc MANUFACTURES. person. This average unit is the average of wage- earners of heterogeneous occupations and rates of pay, working for all varying lengths of time, in each industry, each state, and the United States, respec- tively. But it gives a quantitative statement of average annual earnings, which is the only statement easily grasped ; presents a general idea regarding wage-earn- ers as a whole ; and furnishes results by which, char- acter of element and methods of computation being clearly stated and understood, complex conditions can be interpreted. Admitting therefore that the wage-earners making up the average number are of all sorts of skill and all grades of pay, and that they work for widely differing lengths of time, a comparison of one year's average earnings of these composite units for industries, for states, and for the United States, with another year's average earnings, on the correct basis of enumeration, measures the movement and has a practical value. The important requisites are that from census to cen- sus methods remain the same, and that the average number be obtained with all possible accuracy. Efforts to attain these conditions have not yet proved wholly successful. SPECIAL committee's INQUIRY. That the method of obtaining the average number of wage-earners and of computing average wages might be further improved, the Director of the Census, on January 15, 1906, appointed William A. Countryman, Francis C. Wilson, and Zach C. Elkin, of the division of manufactures, a committee "to investigate this question with such celerity as is compatible with thor- oughness and report their conclusions in writing." The committee submitted the following report: May 7, 1906. Mr. W. M. Steuart, Chief statistician, division of manufactures. Sir: The commit/tee on annual average earnings herewith presents its final report. The questions submitted to it by the Director in his communication of January 15, 1906, were as follows: I. Is the present method of computing average annual earnings identical with that adopted at the Twelfth Census? II. Is there any reason to believe that the return of the number of employees and wages paid has not been accurately and honestly made? III. Do the averages, as computed from the schedules, conform to the actual facts, as found in typical establishments and deter- mined by actual experience in selected communities? IV. Are these averages confirmed by the computations of the Dewey report? V. How do these averages compare with the wage returns col- lected by the Bureau of Labor and by state bureaus of labor? VI. Is there any more scientific method for ascertaining average wages than that adopted at the Twelfth ( 'ensus, and now employed in the census of 1905? The committee finds as follows, the numerals referring to the Director's questions: I. The method of computing annual average earnings at the cen- sus of 1905 was the same as that adopted at the census of 1900. II. That the return of the number of wage-earners and of the wages paid was honestly made is not doubted, but their accuracy is opea to question. III. The results of fieldwork during the week ending April 28, 1906, with an experimental schedule formulated by the committee to test the average number of wage-earners and wages paid in typical establishments' in selected communities furnishes the only basis so far for an answer to this question. A summary of the information concerning wage-earners as reported upon the Census schedule and the special schedule for the same establishments is submitted, as follows: The average nuinber of loage-earners, total aiaount paid to wage-earners, and the annual average earnings for seven establishments as computed from. tJte Census schedules for 1905, and the special wage investigation' schedules, showing the difference in each case {+ or — the Census schedule) and the per cent of difference ietirecn them, assuming the returns upon the special schedule to ie correct. Estab- lish- ment. KIND OF PRODUCT. AVERAGE NUMBER WAGE-EARNERS. Census sched- ule. Average . Ingrain carpets Art squares Foundry and machine shop Foundry and machine shop Furniture (fine cabinet work) Glass (bottles and jars) Sewing silk thread and machine twist. Special sched- ule. Difler- ence (+ or - Census sched- ule). TOTAL AMOUNT PAID TO WAGE-EARNERS. ANNUAL AVERAGE EARNING.S. PER CENT OF DIFFERENCE. Census schedule. 8112,505 9fi 1 1 :im 330 4S.-i 433 128 103 114 70 83 73 21 49 221 330, 88 55 20 Special schedule. 8,206 22, 525 44, 255 220,094 316,231 72,718 l.i5.876 25, 745 Differ- ence (+ or - Census sched- ule). -S4,299 + 1,369 -5,119 -1,537 -14,164 -15,782 +5, 138 Census sched- Special sched- Differ- ence (+ or — -\ver;ige numter Total amount paid to wage- Average ule. ule. sched- earners. earnings. &J74 ule). S(i72 + $98 -17.9 - 3.8 + 17.1 2H4 .'iHO + 2.36 — :3.7 +6.5 + .Sfl.4 514 578 674 666 +60 +,s,s -19.8 -13.8 - 10. 4 -0.7 + 11.7 + 15.2 681 730 + 49 -10.7 -4.3 + 7.2 691 706 + 15 -19.5 -17.8 + 2.2 490 798 +308 -3S.6 +62.9 248 352 + 104 -13.0 + 24.9 + 41.9 1 The special agent did not obtain the total amount n( wiiges paid by this establishment, and the amount reported upon Census schedule has been accepted for purposes of comparison. The principal source of difference upon the Census schedule is found to be contained in the average number of wage-earners. The table shows that in every case the true average as derived from the special investigation was les.s than the averages upon the Census schedules. When the totals for the se\'cn establishments are aver- aged, there is a variation from the true figures of 17.9 per cent, which in individual cases ranges from 10.7 to 43.7 per cent. The total amount paid to wage-earners showed an average variance of only :3.,s per cent from the actual figures, varying in different cases from seven-tenths of 1 per c;ent t(.> 24.9 per cent. The average annual earnings computed from the average number of wage-earners and total amount paid to wage-earners, showed an average departure from actual figure,«, as determined by the special investigation, of 17.1 per cent, but the variations were wide, rang- ing from 2.2 per cent for estalilishment number 5 to 89.4 per cent in the case of establishment number 1. EMPLOYEES AND WAGES AND TIME IN OPERATION. xci Seven wage schedules were secured, during the field test work;, from the books of the companies visited. In 2 establishments no time was kept, the work being by the piece; estimates had to be made on the basis of' quantity prodiiced, and calculated for a few time workers, on the deviation from their normal two weeks' rate; in 3 the time was by hours, and in 2 it was by days. These diffei-- ences disclose some of the difficulties attending a proper ascertain- ment of the average number of wage-earners. In one of the establishments the i)ay roll was not kept so that the number of men and women could be separately ascertained for the whole year by actual count, without too great an expenditure of time, and then not witli exactness. Nothing but a total aA'erage, irrespective of sex, could l>e attempted. Xames were written in, of men and women alike, by looms, with few initials and no Chris- tian designations, by which sex might be disclosed. For one week of the >'ear the superintendent indicated for the special agent as liest he could the men and women, and they were found to be about equally divided. No time whatever was kept. Just before each weaver's name the number of yards wo-\-en in two weeks was writ- ten, and after it the earnings. It was assumed by the special agent in conference with the manager that an average per loom based upon the actual product of the 62 looms in the establishment — each loom ha\-ing 1 weaver — for the busiest two weeks would fur- nish the best method of getting the average nufnber of weavers employed every two weeks, and, consequently, for the year. The average product of the looms was found to be 403 yards. This divided into the total yards woA'en each two weeks gave the average number of weavers. The number of pounds wound and spooled e->.ery two weeks had been entered on the pay roll just before the name of each winder and spooler. The average production the busiest two weeks was 1.401 pounds. This divided into the pounds wound and spooled e-\-ery two weeks gave the average number of wage-earners in this department. There was on the pay roll a list of time workers, but no time was entered, earnings only being shown. The full two weeks' wage being known, a calculation was made of time lost, according to the lower earnings. The time of burlers was calculated according to the amount earned by them in a full two weeks. The pay roll of another establishment contained the days em- ployed of a few persons woi-king on time. The other wage-earners were pieceworkers, and the time of some of these was calculated on the basis of a certain maximum and minimum number of pieces, fixed by the manager for this purpose as the standard production for two weeks. The time for winders and spoolers and certain others was estimated on a maximum and minimum standard as- sumed Ijj- the manager to be a full two weeks' earnings. In a third establishment the total number of men employed each week, irrespective of the time they worked, was taken, in addition to the total number of hours they worked and the total amount paid in wages. The averages were computed by dividing the total number of hours during which the factory was in operation each week into the total number of hours paid for in tliat week. The company paid only the one rate per hour, whether the plant ran ' 'regular time " or ' 'overtime." In another establishment paying by the hour there was found a bonus system of "extra time," which is given to each man in the plant over and above his regular rate of pay when he works over- time. It really amounted to about "time and one-half" for all overtime in excess of two hours in any one day. There was some difficulty in the ascertainment of the average number of wage-earners, e^•en when a time book kept by days was found. The days and fractions of days worked were not totaled, and some of the entries for fractional days were accompanied by symbols, the meaning of which had to be interpreted liy the book- keeper or other representati\e of the company. To make an accu- rate summation of days worked ref(uired considerable time and care. IV. There is no way of comparing the census averages with the Dewey computations, which are for rates of earnings by the hour or week in a limited numlier of estalilishments for 1890 and 1900. No a\'erage number of wage-earners or annual average earnings are shown. The increase in rates of earnings during the decade can not l)e ta.ken to indicate that a^-erage annual earnings increased for hours of employment may have decreased, ^^^^atevel' the Ijear- ing of the increase of rates upon a^•erage annual earnings for the decade 1890 to 1900, it would l5ro^'e nothing with reference to earn- ings from 1900 to 1905. The committee, however, made tests with the Dewe)' schedules, I lie result of which was set forth as follows in its preliminary report, under date of February 20, 1906; The tests made with the schedules taken in the special investiga- tion for the census year 1900 by Doctor Dewey were in the nature of a comparison of these schedules with the schedules pre"\-iously taken for the Twelfth Census from the same establishments. The idea was to select a number of establishments that by this test appeared to ha\'e I;)een correctly reported (reducing the census average for a year to a weekly average), and to figure out the aver- age productivity per wage-earner, using the value of products in the Census schedule as a base. This productivity was compared with that of the same establishment at the census of 1905 to disclose, if possible, whether the average number of wage-earners reported in that year was smaller or larger than that required to produce substantially the same output in 1900. This method was found to be impracticable when applied to a large number of establishments, as irreconcilable differences appeared between the number re- ported for a normal week in Doctor Dewey's schedule and the aver- age number reported in the Census schediile. V. The wage returns of the Bureau of Labor can not be compared with those of the Census. The committee reported its tests as fol- lows in its preliminary report cited above: The schedules of the Bureau of Labor show for certain establish- ments the number of wage-earners employed in selected occupa- tions at fixed rates per hour, day, or week. Actual earnings do not appear, except in the case of pieceworkers, and in no case are all the occupations of the establishment reported. Since the reports of the Census Office show actual earnings of all wage-earners and thus far disregard rates and occupations, the task of reducing the Bureau of Labor results to a comparable basis seemed hopeless from the start. However, an attempt was made to* compare the figures of Inquiry 11 on the Census schedule of 1905 with the wage-earners reported on the Bureau of Labor schedule for the same establishment. This was found to be impracticable on account of the comparatively small number of occupations reported in the different industries by the Bureau of Labor. In a number of instances these occupations represented less than one-third as many wage-earners as the Census schedules show. As for the wage returns of the few state bureaus that gather them, the bases are so narrow and the methods so dissimilar that compari- sons can not be satisfactorily made. VI. There is a more scientific method of ascertaining average wages. This method is impracticable for the entire census, but per- fectly practicable for a limited inquiry at each census, and is recom- mended for adoption. In this way not only can accurate wage re- turns be secured for certain leading establishments, but a rule can be determined by which the accuracy of other wage returns can be judged. A schedule has been prepared by which for timeworkers and pieceworkers alike the exact number of days and fractions of days, or the hours worked, with the wages paid, can be ascertained by weeks from the books of typical establishments in selected com- munities. A copy of this schedule is herewith appended . The schedule and instructions provide for securing at every cen- sus the actual number of wage-earners, the actual time worked — days, fractions of days, hours, and fractions thereof — and the total wages paid, in typical establishments, having the same kind of products, and within the same geographic limits. From these XCll MANUFACTURES. returns, the average number and average annual earnings are to be computed in the Census Office, and these computations used as a test of schedules of similar establishments in similar localities. In this way the same basis of enumeration and computation can be had at every census; and the comparison from census year to census year will become of practical value, the discrepancies, if any, and the reasons therefor, being discovered and explained. The committee, as a result of its investigations, recommends: I. That a limited amount of fieldwork be undertaken at once, as set forth in its preliminary report of April 3, 1906, to test the accu- racy of the wage returns of the census of 1905. II., That a similar limited inquiry be conducted at every census of manufactures, decennial and interdecennial, to serve as a test of the accuracy of the other wage returns made at such censuses. Very respectfully, (Signed) William A. Countryman, Francis C. Wilson, Zach C. Elkin, Committee. Schedule for average annual earnings. — The schedule used in the field test work and which the committee recommend be used for similar work in the future, is as follows : (Title page) DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR BUREAU OF THE CENSUS AVERAGE ANNUAL EARNINGS MANUFACTURES (Special schedule) Name ol establishment (State County Location of factory.^ City or town Street and No. iPost office. General office at. This schedule covers the |)eriod from 190 , to 190 Number of hours factory is in operation each day, under normal conditions. {Men 16 years and over Women 10 years and over Children under 16 years (Strike out classes not covered. Report only one class on each schedule.) Kinds of goods manufactured (describe fully) Signature of Special Agent. (Second page.) WEEK ENDING — NUMBER OF WAGE-EAKNEES, AND DAYS EMPLOYED. Amount paid in wages. 14 7 13 12 5 11 4 10 3 9 2 8 1 Total. Less than one day; total tiours. 1 1 1 i + * * + * + * * * * * * * + + * ** ***:*** Total ■ 1 ,1 ■ 1 II EMPLOYEES AND WAGES AND TIME IN OPERATION. XCIU (Third page.) NUMBER OF \VA iE-EARNERS, AND DAYS EMPLOYED. ■WEEK ENDING— 7 i3 5 4 3 - 1 Total. Less than one ) (') 0.3 10.6 0.2 28.9 18.2 39.3 28.0 3.6 31.4 41.5 30.9 24.6 36.6 6.0 16.7 1.9 16.8 16.8 36.8 7.8 6.1 25.6 9.6 18.1 18.6 21.8 10.7 0.8 5.2 4.3 0.1 6.8 4.4 3.9 3.3 0.4 1.6 0.7 1.0" 12.4 0.4 0) 13.7 0.1 0.7 0.7 15.6 0.6 S20,000but less than $100,000 but less $100,000. I than $1,000,000. Number of estab- lish- ments. Value of products. 21.3 I 12.6 Number of estab- lish- ments. Value of products. 11.5 I $1,000,000 and over. Number of estab- lish- ments. Value of products. 27.5 5.7 38.8 25.6 14.8 ■ 15.6 42.9 28.6 20.2 21.9 3.2 63.8 35.4 9.4 18.4 42.2 25.1 10.3 31.0 18.9 16.7 41.6 29.8 19.6 31.0 11.3 12.2 32.8 10.1 57.6 41.2 16.6 33.8 10.6 0.4 54.7 23.3 5.1 40.0 ;«.3 8.4 40.5 19.2 26.7 6.6 33.4 7.6 51.9 19.4 0.6 52.0 8.2 19.8 2.3 29.6 1.0 43.5 .16. 8 6.0 37.8 16.4 3.2 15.7 6.0 18.6 1.9 23.1 7.2 48.1 42.2 1.0 1 .56.2 4.7 54.5 1.1 61.1 0.3 52.0 9.2 28.0 2.8 .■59.3 0.9 56.0 0.9 ,58.4 0.3 26.0 2.4 78.2 1.3 70.8 VO 15.0 31.6 57.8 4.6 62.3 3.0 52.6 0.1 67. 3.9 11.1 19.4 36.7 0.2 10.2 15.4 38.0 6.6 19.2 6.0 39.6 0.1 74.2 2.0 40.2 37.2 24.9 5.7 44.7 60.5 28.5 21.0 7.4 S9.0 11.3 11.0 84.6 36.2 28.2 5.2 25.1 88.3 22.1 88.7 65.3 76.6 16.7 17.8 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. These tables show, more definitely than it is possi- ble to ascertain frona the totals for the 14 generic groups of industries, the relative importance of estab- lishments of different sizes in particular classes of products. For example, petroleum refining is in- cluded in Table lxiv in the group of "chemicals and allied products," for which 44.4 per cent of the prod- ucts was reported by the 154 establishments that had a product of over $1,000,000. From Tables lxvi and LXVII it appears that the 19 petroleum refineries of this class reported 88:3 per cent of the products of the 98 establishments in the United States. With the exception of "slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale," this is the greatest concentration in large establishments shown for any of the 23 selected in- dustries. There is a great variation in the relative importance of the different classes of establishments as measured by the gross value of . their products. Only about one-third of the industries reported the largest proportion of establishments as having a prod- uct valued at 1100,000 but less than $1,000,000, but the majority of the industries returned the greatest proportion of products for establishments of this class. Table lxviii shows the number of establishments in each of the 14 generic groups of industries, distributed according to the number of wage-earners, and Table Lxix shows the percentage the number in each class constitutes of the total for the industry group. Table Lxx shows the percentage that the group total consti- tutes of the total for each class. Table LXVIII. -ESTABLISHMENTS GROUPED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS, STATES, BY GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905., FOR THE UNITED United States Food and kindred products Textiles ^ Iron and steel and their products Lumber and its remanufactures Leather and its finished products Paper and printing Liquors and beverages Chemicals and allied products Clay, glass, and stone products Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel Tobacco Vehicles for land transportation Shipbuilding Miscellaneous industries Total ESTABLISHMENTS REPOKTING— number of estab- lish- ments. No wage- earners. Under 6. 6 to 20. i;7, 677 21 to 50. 51 to 100. 101 to 250. 251 to 500. 501 to 1,000. Over 1,000. 216, 262 19, 679 76,193 26,492 12, 463 9,022 3,063 1,237 636 45, 790 4,733 28, 456 8,268 2,077 1,182 772 196 36 17,042 440 1,857 5,587 4.095 2,096 1.842 682 14, 239 544 •2,809 4,841 2,478 1,433 1,264 507 253 120 32, 726 788 5,696 15,942 5, K)9 2,461 1,490 422 114 26 4,945 166 1,127 1, iS9 ,SS2 545 468 182 66 20 30, 787 5,680 12,984 8,366 ■ 2,146 869 665 145 36 2 8 3 16 13 22 6,381 474 3,161 1,838 681 230 85 17 9,680 962 3,024 2,710 1,738 768 329 108 25 10,775 166 1,800 4.786 2,241 944 615 168 6,310 201 1,665 , 2, 689 995 376 287 113 63 16,828 4,327 7,822 3, 394 689 258 216 29 145 11 75 13 68 16 38 7,285 1,097 12,377 341 118 739 2,248 306 3,350 2.645 367 4,776 761 144 1,767 420 77 816 420 52 627 237 18 189 LARGE AND SMALL ESTABLISHMENTS. CXIX Table LXIX.- -ESTABLISHMENTS GROUPED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS- CLASS OF TOTAL NUMBER FOR EACH GROUP OF INDUSTRIES: 1905. -PER CENT IN EACH Total number of establish- ments. United States Food and kindred products Textiles Iron and steel and tlieir products Lumber and its remanuf actures Leather and its finished products Paper and printing Liquors and beverages Chemicals and allied products Clay, glass, and stone products Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel Tobacco Vehicles for land transportation Shipbuilding Miscellaneous industries 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ESTABLISHMENTS REPORTING - No wage- earners. 9.1 10.3 2.6 3.8 2.4 3.4 IS. 5 7.4 9.9 1.5 3.2 26.7 4.7 10.8 6.0 Under 5. 35.2 02.1 10.9 19.7 17.1 22.8 42.2 49.4 31.2 16.7 20.4 46.5 30.9 27.8 27.1 6 to 20. 31.2 18.1 ,32.8 34.0 48.7 30.1 27.1 28.8 28.0 44.4 41.0 20.1 36.3 32.6 38.6 21 to 50. 12.3 4,6 24.0 17.4 18.0 17.8 7.0 9.1 18.0 20.8 16.8 4.1 10.4 13.1 14.3 51 to 100. 2. 3.6 7.9 8.8 5.9 1.6 5.8 7.0 6.6 1.8 0.5 0.1 1.3 0.3 (') 3.4 1.1 0.3 .5.7 1.6 0.4 4.5 1.8 1.0 1.3 0.5 0.2 ,5.8 3.2 2.0 4.7 1.6 1.0 5.0 1.5 0.6 (') 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.9 1.4 0.3 ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Table LXX.— ESTABLISHMENTS GROUPED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS- PER CENT IN EACH GROUP OP INDUSTRIES OF TOTAL NUMBER FOR EACH CLASS: 1905. Total number ol establish- ments. United States Food and kindred products Textiles Iron and steel and their products Lumber and its remanuf actures Leather and its finished products Paper and printing Liquors and beverages Chemicals and allied products Clay, glass, and stone products Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel Tobacco Vehicles for land transportation Shipbuilding Miscellaneous industries 100.0 21.2 7.9 6.6 15.1 2.3 14.2 2.9 4.6 5.0 2.9 7.8 3.4 0.5 5.7 ESTABLISHMENTS REPORTING- No wage- 100.0 24.1 2.2 2.8 4.0 0.8 28.9 2.4 4.9 0.8 1.0 22.0 1.7 0.6 3.8 Under £ 100.0 37.3 2.4 3.7 7.3 1.6 17.0 4.1 4.0 2.4 2.2 10.3 3.0 0.4 4.4 100.0 12.2 8.3 7,2 23.6 2.2 12.4 2.7 4.0 7.1 6.0 3.9 0.5 7.1 100.0 7.8 15.6 9.3 22.3 3.3 8.1 2.2 6.6 8.5 3.7 2.6 2.9 0.6 6.7 51 to 100. 100.0 9.5 16.8 11.6 19.7 4.4 7.0 1.8 6.1 7.6 3.0 2.1 3.4 0.6 6.5 101 to 260. 100.0 8.6 20.4 13.9 16.5 5.2 6.3 0.9 3.6 2.4 "4.7 0.6 251 to 500. 501 to 1,000. Over 1.000. 100.0 100.0 6.4 22.3 1 16.5 13.8 ! 6.9 : 4.7 0.6 3.5 5.5 3.7 2.6 7.7 0.6 6.2 5.7 24.7 20.5 9.2 5.3 2.9 0.2 2.0 3.4 6.1 2.3 11.7 0.9 6.1 100.0 6.7 25.9 22.4 4.7 3.7 1.5 0.6 3.0 2.4 4.1 2.4 12.7 2.8 7.1 Of the 216,262 establishments included in the fac- tory census, the largest proportion, 35.2 per cent, em- ployed less than 5 and only eight-tenths of 1 per cent employed more than 500 wage-earners. The remain- ing 64 per cent were distributed among the other five classes in the proportion shown in Table lxix, by far the largest number of establishments employing 50 wage-earners or less. In this and the following tables the number of wage-earners used for classifying the establishments is the greatest number employed at any one time during the year, and not the average number shown elsewhere in this report. This classification tends to place a larger number of establishments in the higher classes than would have resulted from a classi- fication based on the number constantly employed. The variation, however, is slight and does not disturb seriously the number in each group. There were 19,679, or 9.1 per cent, of the total num- ber of establishments that reported no wage-earners as employed during the census year. The largest number of estabhshments of this class were engaged in the in- dustries of "food and kindred products," "paper and printing," and "tobacco," respectively. In each of these three groups of industries there are many small establishments, in which there is no machinery and the owner or the owner and his family are the only opera- tives. Thus, though the individual establishment was of little consequence, the aggregate was of too great importance to be disregarded. Nearly every commu- nity presents examples of this kind, such as the bakeries in the "food and kindred products" group and the small job printing establishments in "paper and printing," while individual cigarmakers manufacture thousands of cigars in their own homes annually. For this reason also the same groups show the greatest number of es- tablishments reporting less than five operatives, aggre- gating 64.6 per cent of all the establishments in this class. In "food and kindred products" the establish- ments in the first two classes formed 72.4 per cent of the total number; in "tobacco," 72.2 per cent; and in "paper and printing," 60.7 per cent. In the industries that as a rule require the use of highly developed machinery the percentage of estab- lishments reporting no wage-earners or less than 5 cxx MANUFACTURES. was comparatively small — only 13.5 per cent in the case of "textiles," 23.5 per cent in the case of "iron and steel and their products," and 19.5 per cent in "lumber and its remanufactures." Of the number of establishments falling in the classes reporting 5 to 20 wage-earners, 21 to 50 wage-earners, and 51 to 100 wage-earners, respectively, the group "lumber and its remanufactures" claimed the largest percentages, amounting to 23.6 per cent of those in the first class, 22.3 per cent of those in the second, and 19.7 per cent in the last. In the last two of the classes named, the textile industries were second in the number of establishments, while they were first in the four follow- ing classes. It is natural that the groups which contain the great factory industries of the country should show marked concentration in the classes employing more than 20 wage-earners. Thus the textile group shows 53.7 per cent of the establishments as employing more than 20 wage-earners; "iron and steel," 42.5 per cent; and "leather and its finished products," 43.7 per cent. Table lxxi shows percentages for selected industries similar to those given in Table lxix for the 14 generic groups of industries. This table is instructive because it deals with specified industries and thus conveys a more definite idea of the relative number of the estab- lishments of different sizes in particular lines of manu- facture. Table LXXI.— ESTABLISHMENTS GROUPED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS FOR SELECTED INDUS- TRIES—PER CENT IN EACH CLASS OF TOTAL NUMBER FOR EACH INDUSTRY: 1905. INDUSTRY. United States Lumber and timber products Printing and publishing, newspapers and periodicals Flour and grist mill products Foundry and machine shop products Printing and publishing, book and job Lumber, planing mill products, including sash, doors, and blinds Carriages and wagons Furniture Liquors, malt ' Ice, manufactured Boots and shoes Turpentine and rosin Hosiery and knit goods Cotton goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Jewelry Gas, illuminating and heating Pottery, terra eotta, and fire clay products Liquors, distilled Woolen goods Electrical machinery, apparatus, and siipplies Paper and wood pulp Oil, cotton seed and cake Agricultural implements 1 Silk and silk goods Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale Hardware Tobacco, chewing and smoking, and snuff Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Glass - Coke Chemicals Cutlery and edge tools Brat-sware Worsted goods Rubber and elastic goods Iron and steel, blast furnaces Carpets and rugs, other than rag A 11 other industries Total number of establish- ments. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ESTABLISHMENTS REPOETING- No wage- earners. 9.1 1.4 21.5 8.6 4.1 17.8 1.8 6.0 1.9 2.0 0.5 2.1 1.1 1.0 0.6 4.6 3.0 2.6 2.7 5.8 5.8 0.1 4.5 0.3 4.5 13.6 0.4 1.1 5.9 3.5 2.2 10.0 Under 5. 35.2 12.8 .TO. 6 20.0 37.5 22.0 39.5 13.8 19.0 22.1 9.6 15.1 3.4 1.0 18.9 23.9 42.4 13.6 59.3 7.8 16.1 2.1 0.1 21.6 2.4 18.7 19.6 31.2 0.3 0.6 3.9 19.6 20.8 28.4 0.9 10.7 31.2 2.2 38.9 56.1 23.6 19.2 37.1 31.3 44.3 42.3 28.8 36 4 64.6 19.9 18.0 18.7 4.9 21.2 39.2 30.8 19.5 22.9 16.8 37.2 19.2 17.8 27.2 18.4 35.4 30.8 19.2 3.1 2.5 18.7 34.6 25.2 32.8 6.2 24.1 2.6 10.1 29.1 21 to 50. 61 to 100. 12.3 17.0 2.7 2.5 18.3 20.7 7.2 25.2 25.1 10.8 19.1 48.0 26.2 8.7 21.2 20.3 10.9 21.0 7.7 16.9 20.8 28.6 52.6 16.5 18.9 20.8 19.1 12.0 4.6 9.5 26.6 19.6 18.1 19.6 13.7 20.5 7.4 26.6 11.6 5.8 6.1 0.9 0.6 10.1 3.2 7.5 2.6 18.0 11.7 1.8 15-8 16.2 18.6 15.8 16.8 6.9 19.8 3.1 19.6 10.0 21.6 24.3 10.5 19.9 11.1 8.5 9.7 7.2 21.3 29.1 9.1 12.2 5.2 16.0 13.4 13.7 20.1 5.2 101 to 250. 4.2 4.5 0.6 0.2 6.9 1.5 3.0 1.8 9.7 4.4 0.2 18.1 1.4 22.8 32.1 13.0 4.3 3.3 18.7 1.1 23.1 8.5 19.4 4.8 12.0 24.4 5.0 10.8 8.5 24.8 39.8 16.6 8.0 13.4 6.1 29.7 16.1 41.7 18.0 3.5 251 to 500. 1.6 0.1 « 2.3 0.3 0.7 0.5 1.9 1.1 10.4 0.2 6.3 38.7 0.5 2.3 4.0 0.1 7.4 2.6 7.0 0.3 4.3 10.9 2.5 3.1 3.7 26.0 18.8 3.9 4.7 2.0 3.1 16.8 6.7 21.6 10.1 1.1 501 to 1,000. 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.1 (') 0.1 0.6 0.1 3.7 Over 1,000. 0.2 « O.I « 0.3 0) 0.1 0.2 1.3 2.3 11.0 1.4 0.3 0.6 0.7 7.2 0.3 0.5 0.1 1.1 1.8 0.9 0.3 2.0 3.8 2.0 1.8 1.4 20.5 5.8 0.4 1.5 2.0 0.9 13.3 4.9 8.4 5.0 0.4 1.4 1.0 4.5 1.8 0.7 13.5 1.8 0.4 1.8 0.4 0.4 4.4 0.5 1.6 5.7 0.2 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. In this table the industries are arranged according to the number of establishments reported. "Lumber and timber products" reports the largest number of estab- lishments and therefore ranks first. While in the United States as a whole 35.2 per cent of the establishments were contained in the class which employed less than 5 wage-earners, a considerably smaller proportion was reported for this class in the majority of the basic industries, such as lumber, tex- tiles, and iron and steel. Only one industry — "iron and steel, blast furnaces" — reports no establishments so small as to employ less than 5 wage-earners. Six of the industries report no establishments so large as to employ over 1,000 wage-earners. In 5 industries there were no establishments employing more than 500 wage-earners and in 3 others the number reported for this class was less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. One of the most significant facts developed by the LARGE AND SMALL ESTABLISHMENTS. CXXl table is that 87.8 per cent of all the establishments em- ployed not more than 50 wage-earners, and that in the majority of the important industries the greater pro- portion employed from 5 to 20 wage-earners. Tables lxxii and lxxiii show, for the 12 states re- porting the largest number of establishments — first, the proportion that the establishments of each class constitute of the total for the state, and, second, the proportion which the establisliments of each state con- stitute of the total for each class. Table LXXII. — Establishments grouped according to number of wage-earners, icith per cent in each class, of total for the state for twelve states haiing largest number of establishments: 1905. STATE OR TERRI- TOKT. Total num- ber ol estab- lish- ments. United States New York. Pennsylvania Illinois Ohio Massachusetts . . . Wisconsin Michigan Indiana New Jersey. California Iowa Minnesota All others 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 lOO.O ESTABLISHMENTS REPOETING- No wage-j Un- eam- dero. ers. 9. 1 35. 2 9.8 9.2 : 12.2 1 8.7 6.9 13.2 9.2 7.5 8.2 10.3 10.9 11.2 7.8 5 to 20. 31.2 21 to 60. 12.3 101 to 260. 1.4 501 Over l.TOO. l'™"- 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.7 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.5 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 (') 0.1 0.2 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Table LXXIII. — Establishments grouped according to number of wage-earners, with per cent in each state, of total for each class for twelve states having largest number of establishments: 1905. STATE OR TER- RITORY. Total num- ber of estab- lish- ments. ESTABLISHMENTS REPORTING — No wage- earn- ers. United States New \ ork Pennsylvania.. . Illinois Ohio Massachusetts.. Wisconsin Michigan Indiana New Jersey California Iowa Minnesot.9 All others 100.0 1100.0 17.2 10.9 6.9 6.4 5.0 4.0 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 2.2 2.2 32.2 18.4 11.1 9.3 6.1 3.7 5.7 3.5 2.7 2.9 3.6 2.7 2.7 27.6 Un- der 5. 1 5 to 20. 21 to 50. 100.0 16.4 11.3 6.9 6.4 4.1 5.7 3.6 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.1 3.1 29.5 100.0 100.0 17.3 9.9 6.7 6.3 5.2 2.5 3.1 ,3.4 3.1 3.4 1.9 1.6 35.6 19.5 10.4 6.4 6.3 5.9 2.3 3.3 2.9 3.2 2.5 1.2 1.5 34.6 51 to 100. 100.0 17.4 11.7 6.1 6.7 5.9 2.9 3.8 .3.2 4.1 2.3 1. 1 1.2 33.6 250. 100.0 15.8 12.4 6.0 7.1 7.0 3.1 4.1 3.2 4.6 2.0 1.0 1.2 32.5 251 to 500. 100.0 13.7 12.8 6.1 6.9 8.8 3.6 4.5 2.6 6.6 2.0 1.2 1.7 30.6 501 to l.OOO. Over 1,000. 100.0 12.8 14.4 5.9 .7.6 10.6 3.4 3.3 3.1 6.4 2.5 0.8 1 6 12.1 15.9 8.8 5.8 14.5 2.6 1.9 3.0 4.5 1.1 0.2 1.1 28.5 Table lxxii shows that Massachusetts reported the smallest percentage of establishments employing no wage-earners or less than 5. Wisconsin and Minne- sota, with 63.8 and 61.4 per cent, respectively, in these two classes, led in this particular. Massachusetts also reported the largest proportion, 1.9 per cent, employing more than 500 wage-earners. Iowa reported the small- est percentage of establishments of this class. Table lxxiii gives ample evidence of the preponder- ance of New York and Pennsylvania in manufactures. These two states contained 28.1 per cent of all the establishments in the country, and with the exception of the class containing establishments with 1,000 or more wage-earners, in which Massachusetts outranked New York, each had a larger proportion in each class than any other state. In the class reporting 251 to 500 wage-earners New York, Pennsylvania, and Massa- chusetts controlled 35.3 per cent of the total number of establishments; in the class reporting 501 to 1,000 wage-earners, 37.8 per cent; and in the class reporting over 1,000 wage-earners, 42.5 per cent. From the preceding tables and from the detailed tables given in the body of this report it is evident that the small and medium-sized establishments, those with a product of less than $100,000, predominate largely in the vast majority of the manufacturing industries of the country, but that in comparatively few industries does the value of the products of such establishments form as much as 50 per cent of the total value of products. While the large establishments, those with a product of $100,000 and over, are com- paratively few in number, the value of their products is so great as to exceed the products of all other estab- lishments. In the majority of industries the number of these establishments forms less than 20 per cent of the total number, but their products form considerably rriore than 50 per cent of the total products, rising as high as 99.4 per cent in petroleum refining, as shown in Table lxvii; in all of the basic manufactures such establishments predominate largely in the value of their products. Centralization of control. — One of the most effective methods of forming a large manufacturing enterprise is to consolidate existing independent establishments. Such a method eliminates all of the uncertainties attend- ing the inauguration of new establishments. The busi- ness relations are formed, the sale of the products, and consequently the profits, are in a measure assured, and the uncertainty attending the investment reduced to a minimum. Either independent plants may be pur- chased or erected to meet the increase of business, or a new company may be formed for the sole purpose of bringing together under one management formerly in- dependent mills. It is impossible to trace the formation of large enterprises by the former method, which is simply a gradual and natural increase in the size of ex- isting companies. The application of the latter method, however, requires the formation of a new company, which acts frequently under a charter obtained for the purpose of combining independent plants. It is prac- ticable to trace the formation of such companies and to present statistics indicating the magnitude of their operations. During and just previous to the fiscal cxxu MANUFACTURES. year covered by the census of 1900 there was unusual activity in the formation of companies in this manner, and great importance was attached to information con- cerning them. Statistics for them were accordingly compiled and presented under the title of "industrial combinations," the class of corporations included being defined as follows: For the purpose of the census, the rule has been adopted to con- sider no aggregation of mills an industrial combination unless it con- sists of a number of formerly independent mills which have been brought together into one company under a c-harter obtained for that purpose. We therefore exclude from this category many large es- tablishments comprising a number of mills which have grown up, not by combination with other mills, but by the erection of new plants or the purchase of old ones. To be included under this definition the company must have been formed under a special charter obtained for the purpose of consolidating the control of independ- ent plants. Therefore the statistics did not represent all instances where a number of plants were operated under the same control. It is difficult to ascertain whether, and to what extent, there are written or verbal agreements under which some manufacturing plants are controlled by one management. The application of census methods did not enable the oflBice to obtain sta- tistics which could be accepted as representative either of the number or magnitude of combinations of formerly independent manufacturing enterprises, or of instances in which a number of plants were operated partially or entirely under the same ownership without charters or special acts of incorporation, yet coming within the scope of centralization of control. Therefore the pre- sentation has been abandoned. OHAPTEP. VIII. RELATIONSHIP OF IXDUSTRIES. Classification hy product of chief mlue. — The regular Census method of classifying the reports has been fol- lowed in all of the tables given in this volume unless otherwise specified.' It has been the object at each census to perfect this classification in the endeavor to make the statistics conform more closely to the natu- ral busmess grouping. For some industries a greater refinement in classification was possible at the earlier censuses because establishments then frequently manu- factured only one class of products. The increase in the size of establishments has often been accompanied by an increase in the variety of products, which has rendered it necessary in some instances to make the classification more general. For example, it would now be impracticable to compile statistics of capital, employees, wages, etc., for the manufactures of "hoes" or "rakes" as distinct classes of agricultural implements, as was done at the census of I860, when 5 establishments wi.h a capital of $117,500 and a prod- uct of $224,175 were reported for the manufacture of "hoes," and 83 with a capital of $105,585 and a prod- uct of $138,118, for the manufacture of "rakes." Es- tablishments that manufacture hoes or rakes now, as a rule, make both kinds of tools and also tools of other varieties, and the statistics are shown under the broader term "agricultural implements." On the other hand there is a constant tendency to- ward specialization in some branches of manufactures, and as products become specialized they form new groups. For instance, at the census of 1900 the sta- tistics for carriages and wagons included those for automobiles, but the great increase in the manufacture of these machines demanded the separate classification wrhich was given it at the census of 1905. This indus- try likewise has become specialized, a number of es- tablishments confining their products to the bodies and parts of automobiles. Therefore the three classes, "carriages and wagons, "."automobiles," and "auto- mobile bodies and parts," are closely related. Estalj- lishments classified as "carriages and wagons" manu- factured during the year 1904, 199 complete automo- biles, valued at $235,675. Large numbers of automo- bile bodies were also manufactured in the establish- ments that make the complete vehicle, hence the pro- duction of bodies and parts shown as a separate class is ' For description of method of classifying, see page xxvi. duplicated in the values given for automobiles. A similar relationship and interdependence exists be- tween a number of the 339 classes of industry; com- paratively few of them, therefore, should be accepted as confined exclusively to the industry covered by the wording of the classification. In formulating an official list of classifications there is constant inclination to specialize in order to furnish statistics which will satisfy the demand for detail con- cerning certain classes of products. If this specializa- tion were carried to the point advocated by some, it would result in a meaningless maze of statistics. No single class would represent all of the establishments engaged in its production, and at the same time no intelligent grouping could be made to bring together the statistics for kindred products. Such a condition exists now, to a limited extent, when the statistics for each of the 339 classifications are considered inde- pendently, and the extent of the interdependence is given due weight. While other, and in some respects more scientific, methods of arranging the statistics have been used, the method of classifying the individual reports accor,ding to the product of chief value, though not entirely satis- factory, is the only practical method thus far devised for bringing together all of the data for capital, labor, and materials for the same general class of products. Partial products. — The quantity and value of the principal products are shown for some of the leading industries, irrespective of the capital, employees, and materials employed in their production. For example, 1,869,437 tons of 50° Baume sulphuric acid were manu- factured during the census year. Of this quantity, 24,502 tons were manufactured and sold as a finished product in connection, with the manufacture of fertili- zers; and 467,614 tons, in connection with the manu- facture of sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids ; 94,03 2 tons were reported as a by-product of establishments en- gaged in the manufacture of zinc; and 305,256 tons by establishments manufacturing chemicals; 9,588 tons as a by-product of other industries ; and 968,445 tons were manufactured and consumed by the establish- ments producing it. As sulphuric acid is manufac- tured in connection with a variety of other products, and as large quantities are made that do not appear on the market as such, it is impossible to show the capital, employees, and expenses devoted to its pro- (cxxiii) CXXIV MANUFACTURES. duction. A number of the other products for which quantities are shown in the special reports for the leading industries are manufactured under similar con- ditions. It is practically impossible to compile statistics of capital, employees, wages, materials, etc., which per- tain exclusively to the total production of any single commodity. In fact, in all industries as classified, conunodities are manufactured in connection with others of a similar character. One establishment may be devoted exclusively to the production of a single article, such as common brick, while other establish- ments engaged in the manufacture of the finer grades of clay products also produce brick, and a combination of these reports to obtain the total production would result in a total for capital, employees, etc., repre- senting other commodities than common brick. The only way to obtain statistics of capital, employees, wages, and materials for a particular class of products is to confine the enumeration to representative estab- lishments. The object of the census, however, is to make a complete enumeration to show the magnitude of the industries rather than the relationship between capital, expenses, and production. Generic groups. — The 339 classes of industry can be arranged in 14 groups, according to the character of their predominating raw material. The statistics are grouped in this maimer in Table lxxiv, and from an economic standpoint it is the most satisfactory arrangement. Tablb lxxiv.— comparative SUMMARY— FOURTEEN GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905 AND 1900. United States. Food and kindred prod- ucts. Textiles Iron and ateel and their products. Lumber and its remanu- factures. Leather and its finished products. Paper and printing Liquors and beverages Chemicals and allied prod- ucts. Clay, glass, and stone prod- ucts. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel. Tobacco Vehicles for land transpor- tation. Shipbuilding Miscellaneous industries. Cen- sus. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 $12,686,265,673 1,978,825,200 1,787 i,605 ;,812 i,310 ,505 ,285 ;,739 Capital. 519,751 364, 202 1,173, 900, 1,744, 1,340, 2,331, 1,538, 1,013, 730, 440, 327, 798, 557, 669, 515, 1,504, 1,139, 653, 335, 598, 323, HI, 447, 394, 121, 77, 974, 621, 151,276 927,187 169,234 633, 629 498, 15' 459,831 827, 138 067, 675 777, 194 804, 674 758,312 131,056 647,620 160,244 728, 510 093, 102 846, 682 400,558 340, 758 735,216 983,601 517,318 697,020 235, 576 623,700 341,001 316,671 318, 135 SALARIED OrFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Num- ber. $574,761, 380,889, 53, 224 45, 134 61,907 43,658 82, 112 50,098 45, 555 32, 410 17, 233 14, 391 80,009 48, 120 12,647 9,864 45,071 34, 417 18, 768 12,790 19, 471 13,092 9,236 7,836 24, 632 16,338 2, 1,405 '47,406 34, 749 Salaries. 51, 456, 38,560, 69,i!81, 50,350, 100, 444, 68,431, 48, 571, 29,992, 18,372, 14, 486, 81,808,311 48, 898, 355 21,421, 15,925, 49,864, 36,972, 21,555, 13,079, 24, 854, 15,519, 8,593, 24, 334, 16,169, 3,339, 2,007, 50,656, 32,902, WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Total. Average number. Average number. 470,321 715,023 $2,611,640,532 2,009,736,799 354,054 301,305 , 156, 305 ,022,123 867,298 737,986 735,945 672,655 255, 368 241,662 350,205 297, 320 68,340 55, 120 210,165 182, 227 '285, 365 231,7.53 211,706 171,963 1,59, 408 132., 526 384,5-'7 314, 340: 50, 754' 46, 747; 390,8.31 307, 296 Wages. 164,601,803 125,338,463 419,841,630 341,651,466 482, 357, 603 384,233,365 336,058,173 253,626,194 116,694,140 98, 726, 363 186, 647, 791 139,950,715 45,146,286 33,217,604 93,965,248 71,594,508 148,471,! 102,867,056 117,599,837 87, 198, 166 62,640,303 47,975,331 221,860,517 163, 698, 574 29,241,087 24,824,738 187,514,312 134,833,266 Men 16 years and over. 244,538 635,236 264, 682 227,282 492, 161 423, 573 830,274 716, 186 708,357 647, 508 182, 126 169,1 250,375 211, 378 66,309 53, 210 187,881 162,517 265,049 211,832 176, 478 141,347 85,691 76,218 381,283 310,810 49,915 45,711 303,967 237,778 Women 16 years and over. ,065,884 918,511 79,804 63,091 582,630 521, 284 18,610 13, 779 16,673 13,229 65,843 65,310 90,580 73,886 1,191 952 20, 491 17,817 10,854 9,307 31,348 26, 137 66,301 49,330 2,196 2,237 65 34 79,398 62, 118 Chil- dren under 16 years. 276 1,668 1,932 !,514 1,021 ,399 1,466 $1,455,019,473 906, 600, 225 840 958 ,462 1,614 Miscella- neous expenses. 774 ,002 131,773,642 75, 614, 321 199,066,264 128, 154, 477 166, 896, 687 91,955,696 130, 850, 824 64,067,774 40,737,343 21,752,239 138,245,437 75,971,854 223,446,420 186,025,365 128,879,323 73,608,984 37,822,036 18,144,850 41,595,062 19,504,372 80,145,016 78,915,293 29,107,649 19,662,679 5, 255, 506 3,684,811 101,198,364 48,537,620 Cost of materials used. 8,503,949,756 6,577,614,074 $14,802,147,087 11,411,121,122 304,416,564 778,644,270 246,562,061 894,846,961 179,981,458 993,965,831 518,908,150 481,761,505 471,112,921 390, 678, 471 308,269,655 213,701,954 139,854,147 93,815,032 609,351,160 437,637,560 123,124,392 85, 168, 409 644, 367, 583 481,190,510 126,088,608 92,866,542 334,244,377 267,129,730 37,463,179 33, 474, r- 460,205,601 332, 732, 413 Value of products, including custom work and repairing. 2,845,234,900 2,193,791,594 2,147,441,418 1,628,606,214 2, 176, 739, 726 1,806,278,241 1,223,730,336 1,009,778,067 706, 747, 470 569,619,254 857,112,256 605, 114, 847 501,266,605 382,898,381 1,031,965,263 735,432,542 391,230,422 270,726,065 922,262,466 710,626,157 331,117.681 263, 713, 173 643,924,442 506,094,454 82,769,239 74,532,277 941,604,873 665,010,866 The grouping in the above table is controlled by the similarity in the raw material consumed by the indus- tries composing each group, the use of the product being sometimes an important factor. The different classes of products included in each group are indicated by the group numbers opposite each industry in Tables 1, 3, and 5. In addition to the statistics shown in these and other tables in this volume, monographs con- taining detailed and technical information have been prepared for the following industries : RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. cxxv Agricultural implements. Automobiles. Beet sugar. Bicycles and tricycles. Boots and shoes. Butter, cheese, and condensed ■ , milk. Buttons. Canning and preserving. Carriages and wagons. Cars, steam and street railroad. Chemicals. Clay products. Coke. Cotton manufactures. Cottonseed products. Dyeing and finishing textiles. Dyestuffs and extracts. Electrical machinery, appara- tus, and supplies. Explosives. Fertilizers. Flax, hemp, and jute. Flour and grist mill products. Gas, illuminating and heating. Glass. Gloves and mittens, leather. Hosiery and knit goods. Ice, manufactured. Iron and steel. Ijeather, tanned, curried, and finished. Lumber and timber products. Metal working machinery. Musical instruments. Xeedles and pins, and hooks and eyes. Oil, essential. Oilcloth and linoleum. Paints. Paper and wood pulp. Pens and pencils. Petroleum, refining. Printing and publishing. Rice, cleaning and polishing. Salt. Shipbuilding. Silk and silk goods. Slaughtering and meat packing. Smelting and refining, copper. Smelting and refining, lead. Smelting and refining, zinc. Soap. Starch. Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids. Tin and terne plate. Tobacco. Tur])entine and rosin. Varnishes. A\'ood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin. A\'ool manufactures. Ill the following discussion of the statistics for each of the 14 groups tables giving the statistics for cen- suses prior to 1880 are presented for some of the im- portant industries. For the statistics from 1880 to 1905, inclusive, reference should be made to Table 1. The grouping in Table lxxiv follows that established and used at the Twelfth Census ^ and shows the pro- gress since 1900 in each of the industrial groups. 'Twelfth Census, Manufactures, Part I, page cxliii. Diagram 2.— VALUE OF ALL MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS, AND PROPORTIONAL VALUE OF EACH GROUP: 1905 AND 1900. 1905 1900 CXXVl MANUFACTURES. Diagram 3.— VALUE OF PRODUCTS FOR GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES; 1905 'AND 1900. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS IRON AND STEELAND THEIR PRODUCTS TEXTILES LUMBER AND ITS REMANUFACTURES CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS, OTHER THAN IRON AND STEEL PAPER AND PRINTING LEATHER AND ITS FINISHED PRODUCTS VEHICLES FOR LAND TRANSPORTATION LIQUORS AND BEVERAGES CLAY, GLASS. AND STONE PRODUCTS TOBACCO SHIPBUILDING FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS. There is no industry that appeals more directly to the consumer than the manufacture of food products. The group ranked first in gross value of products, but as many of the products are not subjected to the great variety or the complicated processes of manufacture that characterize other industries, there is not such a large number of wage-earners employed, the group ranking sixth in the number reported for the census of 1905. This group is composed of 27 industries, shown separately in Table 3 and the raw materials for most of them are obtained from the products of agri- culture. The total cost of materials emanating from this source during the census year was $1,586,193,096, or 68.8 per cent of the total cost of materials, while those purchased in a partially manufactured form, including all other materials and mill supplies, cost $668,745,274 and formed only 29 per cent of the total cost of materials. A feature peculiar to this group is the comparatively small amount added to the cost of the materials by the manufacturing processes. While the form of a large proportion of the material was greatly changed, the HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 8 12 16 20 24 1900 manufacturing processes to which it was subjected were simple and inexpensive when compared with those in other branches of manufactures. Slaughter- ing and meat packing, wholesale, is a striking ex- ample of this. The cost of the material at the census of 1905 amounted to $706,230,069 and the value of products to $801,757,137, a difference of $95,527,068, or an increase of only 13.5 per cent over the cost of the material. A large proportion of the product was sold as fresh meat. The killing of the animals and the preparation of the meat for the market are compara- tively simple processes, requiring little labor or ma- chinery and not greatly enhancing the value of the raw material; therefore it is not legitimate to com- pare this industry, simply as regards value of prod- ucts, with others in which the material passes through more costly or a larger number of processes before the finished stage is reached. This is true also in a marked degree of several of the industries included in "food and kindred products," and gives the group first rank in cost of materials used and value of products but a comparatively low rank in average number of wage- earners and total wages paid. RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. CXXVll As labor is the principal item of cost in the manipu- lation of material in most branches of manufacture, the total annual wages paid affords a truer basis of comparison. The group ranks seventh in the amount paid annually in wages, and this rank compared with a rank of second for the group "textiles" and first for the group "iron and steel products" may be accepted as a better indication of its relative importance in manufacture. Large quantities of food and kindred products are made on the farm and in the household, and necessarily they do not enter into this presentation. Some of these products are accounted for in the decennial sta- tistics of agriculture, experience having demonstrated the futilit}' of attempting to include them in manufac- turing statistics. In no other group do statistics of the factory output furnish such an incomplete survey of the industries composing it. Factory production, however, is supplying at a rapidly increasing rate a large number of the products in tliis group that were once made largely on tlic farm and in the household. liiduHti'u'H allied hy uses. — The group "food and Idn- ■ dred products" in Table 3 does not include bever- ages, nor products such as salt and baking and yeast powders, which are closely allied by uses to food prod- ucts. A classification und-r one group of articles for food and drink and essential constituents of food is presented in Table lxxv. The products are classed according to the character of the predominating raw material, as follows: (1) Animal and fish products, (2) vegetable products, (3) mineral and miscellaneous products. Table LXXV.— COMPAI^VTIVE Sl'MMARY— FOOD PRODUCTS. BEVERAGES, AND CONDIMENTS: 1905 AND 1900. Census. Aggregate _ 1905 1900 .Vnimal and fish products 1905 1900 Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale i 1905 1900 Cheese, butter, and condensed milk I 1905 1900 Slaughtering, wholesale, not including meat packing. Canning and preserving, fish Sausage Butter, reworking -. 1/ard, refined Oleomargarine Canning and preserving, oysters Vegetable products Flour and grist mill products Liquors, malt '. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 .Sugar and molasses, refinincj i 1905 ' 1900 Bread and other bakerv products 1905 1900 Liquors, distilled 1905 1900 Coffee and spise, roasting and grinding i Confectionery Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables. Food preparatioiis Malt- Pickles, preserves, and sauces MFG FT 1 — 07 ix 1905 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 52, 481 47, L'*) $1,871,517,817 1,451,548,518 10,1)47 10,744 S59 1,926 ,242 370 325 373 346 292 198 38,055 33,392 10,051 9,476 1,531 1,507 344 657 is, 227 14, Slid 805 965 451 458 1,348 962 2,261 1,813 7Cifi i;45 141 146 528 424 WAGE-EAENEKS. Capital. Average number. 314, 559, 489 251,023,085 219,818,627 173,866,377 47,255,556 36,303,164 17,896,063 14,933,804 19,853,016 19,454,222 2,704,246 1,408,897 1,718,761 265,525 1,162,891 1,335,759 1,550,776 3,023,646 2,599,563 441,691 1,490,039,385 1,145,337,456 265,117,434 189,281,3.30 515,636,792 413,767,233 165,468,320 184,033,304 122,363,327 80,901,926 50,101,362 32,540,004 39,903,719 28,436,897 43,125,408 26,319,195 47,629,497 27,795,621 51,784,434 21,401,102 47,934,204 39,2.S.S,102 19,4.39,540 10,992,677 429,509 363, 137 8212,866,093 161,184,207 102,573 98,484 69,593 64, 681 15,557 12, 799 4,541 3,705 6,959 13,355 1,265 878 404 148 441 499 522 3,291 1,335 08,942 49, 1.53 39,110 32,226 48, 139 39,459 13,649 14,129 81,284 60, 192 6,365 3,720 7,315 6,387 36,239 26,866 39,988 37, 189 11,333 8,214 2,064 1,990 8,511 7,225 Wages. 54,066,644 45,289,194 37,090,399 31,033,860 8,412,937 6, 145, 561 3,236,673 2,358,403 3,241,740 4,207,414 739,824 453, 420 252, 139 67,747 219,387 237,930 315,736 534, 444 547,909 260, 425 150,203,543 109,187,103 19,522,196 16,286,163 34,542,897 26,776,468 7,676,6.50 6,917,829- 43,179,822 27,864,024 2, {1.57, 025 1,732,7(I.S 3,036,524 2,486,759 11,699,257 8,020,453 10, 428, .521 8,251,471 4, .398,. 348 3,099,343 l,4.5(l,9n,s l,lS2,5i:! 3,06.^,263 2,238,437 $361,398,317 264,8.32,521 Miscella- neous expenses. 39,271,168 29,293,062 28,032,248 22,658,444 4,074,268 1,674,790 2,699,111 1,371,266 3,082,771 880,687 303,952 135,952 263,546 31,032 160,448 127, 500 522,230 2,489,784 232,594 23,607 311,287,965 230,169,565 19,756,711 9,,691,182 119,482,138 109,160,960 8,600,754 7,013,322 20,493,262 10,414,664 95,524,151 73,218,142 7,690,441 3,436,257 9,474,111 4, 454, 153 6,276,619 2,216,496 9,745,251 3,610,737 2,207,711 916,866 4,060,397 2,506,383 Cost of ma- terials used. $2,457,376,924 1,882,922,191 989,106,810 824,630,894 706,230,069 605,223,221 142,920,277 108,841,200 99,626,900 76,873,618 15,886,354 13,160,451 5,568,693 3,213,260 6,247,029 1,346,418 5,640,178 7,496,845 4, .397,638 7,639,501 2,590,872 837, 380 1,445,161,609 1,039,263,067 619,971,161 428,116,757 74,911,619 61,698,247 244,752,802 221,384,769 165,999,318 95,061,952 25, 625, 8.5S 16,145,363 72,171,692 65,112,203 48,810,342 35,364,208 61,582,460 37,382,541 37,667,862 24,776,625 23,620,984 14,816,741 16,634,868 13,875,079 Value of prod- ucts, includ- ing custom work and repairing. $3,374,981,688 2,599,225,252 1,1.39,557,178 965, 648, 696 801, 168, 130, 112, 80, 767,137 056,065 182,789 783,349 157,487 723, 126 ,377,210 ,999,249 1,122,904 ,688,456 ,271,080 1,114,936 1,128,601 1,630,901 1,573,725 ,499,812 3,986,239 1,262,803 2,176, 1,587; 693, 177 772, 403 713,033,395 501,396,304 298,358,732 236,914,914 277,285,449 2.39,711,011 269,609,061 175,368,682 131,269,886 96,793,681 91,449,201 69,527,108 87,087,253 60,643,946 78,142,022 66,427,412 61,180,416 39,836,882 30,288,984 19,373,600 29,696,2S7 23, 477, 136 cxxviii MANUFACTURES. Table LXXV.— < '( )MPARATIVE SUMMARY— FOOD PRODUCTS, BEVERAGES, AXD CONDIMENTS; 1905 AND 1900— Con. INDUSTRY. Vegetable prodacts — Continued. Glucose Beet sugar Kice, cleaning and polishing Chocolate and cocoa products Llquor.s, vinous " Flavoring extracts - , Vinegar and cider Cordials and sirups Mineral and miscellaneous products Mineral and soda waters Baking and ye.i st powders Salt Census. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 25 24 435 359 377 350 568 613 63 39 3,779 3,113 2,763 164 191 146 159 Capital. J17,045,313 41,011,345 55,923,459 20,141,719 8,821,099 2,601,352 8, .378, 980 0,890,732 17,775,240 9,838,015 3, ,313, 906 7,519,853 5,629,930 1,666,418 1,153,006 66,918,943 55,187,977 28,100,022 19,726,890 13,232,639 8, .337, 723 25,586,282 ■27,123,364 WAGE-EAENEES. .Vverage number. 3,963 1,970 1,492 661 2,090 1,314 1,913 1,163 1,543 1,251 1,528 1,557 660 362 17,994 15,500 10,879 8,788 2,449 1,938 4,666 4,774 Wages. $1,774,580 1,765,179 2, 486, 702 1,092,207 640,632 265,685 821,851 526,875 1,001,554 446,055 653,366 477,950 726, 148 662,077 235,299 116,917 8, .596, 906 6,707,910 5,487,901 4,079,770 1,041,606 717,000 2,066,399 1,911,140 Miscella- neous expenses. SI, 007, 218 645,804 1,999,655 441,384 615,583 230,203 1,691,491 652,338 1,050,639 460,893 709,875 442,170 1.58,157 10,839,184 6,369,894 4,660,929 2,177,049 4,942,676 . 2,432,306 1,235,579 760, 639 Cost of ma- terials used. $20,268,022 15,773,233 14,486,876 4,803,796 13,316,065 7,. 575, 622 9,722,656 6,876,682 6,693,394 3, 689, 3.30 3,935,960 3,290,600 3,852,2.33 3,134,313 2,148,548 1,605,096 23, 108, 506 19,028,240 10,002,292 8,666,361 8,940,076 7,126,967 4,166,137 3,335,922 Value of prod- ucts, includ- ing custom work and repairing. 1(24,666,932 21,693,666 24,393,794 7,333,857 16,296,916 8,723,726 14,389,699 9,666,192 11,037,853 6,647,310 7,772,070 6,308,162 7,266,469 5,931,692 3,509,768 2,107,132 68,731,333 45,804,163 30,261,150 23,268,876 19,042,521 14,568,380 9, 437, 662 7,966,897 1 In 1905 includes 30 establishments classified as "peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling." Accepting the 31 industries as representing the pro- duction of food products, beverages, and condiments in the United States, it is found that the value of prod-, ucts has increased since 1900, $775,756,436, or 29.8 per cent. It is impossible to determine how much of this increase in value is due to the increase in prices. There has been a marked increase in prices for many lines of food products since 1900 and this increase has doubt- less added to the gross value of products. The quantity'' of products is the best unit of measure in determining the increase or decrease in production, but there is such a great variety of food and kindred products that it is impossible to obtain any reliable information con- cerning the quantity manufactured for all of the indus- tries embraced in this class. It is possible, however, to ascertain the total weight or measure of the product for many, and Table lxxvi shows the production in quantity and value of the principal products of several of these industries for 1900 and 1905. Table LXXVI.— SELECTED PRODUC^TS, BY QUANTITY AND VALUE, WITH PER CENT OF INCREASE; 1905 AXD 1900. Beet sugar; Granulated, pounds Raw, pounds. Butter, pounds ' Cheese, pounds Condensed milk, pounds _ _ Canned goods: Fish- Canned, pounds Salted, pounds Smoked, pounds Fruits, pounds Vegetables, pounds _ Dried fruits, pounds Flour and grist mill products: Buckwheat flour, pounds Corn meal and corn flour, barrels Hominy and grits, pounds Rye flour, barrels Wheat flour, barrels 2 Salt, barrels I Decreasf^ 190.> 496, 618, 314 11,223,607 531,478,141 317,144,872 308, 485, 182 264,840,432 115,218,145 35,439,619 295.760,355 , 672. 7.59, 438 343,579,623 176,354,062 23, 624, 693 766,861,398 1,503,100 104,013,278 17, 128, 572 1900 I Per cent -i. 01 ir : increase. 115,686,356 47,771,719 420,126,546 281,972,324 186,921,787 164,315,495 123,409,131 21,094,066 293,637,273 142,327,265 85, 439, 406 143,190,724 27,838,811 291,726,145 1,443,339 99,763,777 15, 187, 819 329 3 '76 5 26 6 12 5 I'l.-) 61 2 68 7 46.4 302 1 113,1 159.4 4.1 4.3 12. N Per cent of increase. 1905 1900 823,493,373 85,580,527 :521.0 431,229 1.642,054 173.7 113,189,463 84,079,754 34, 6 28,611,760 26.619,829 7.9 20, 149, 282 11,888,792 69.5 16.983,779 14,05i,.5,59 20.9 6,200.5.56 5,193,627 19.4 2,362,740 957, 741 146.7 11.644,042 11.311,062 2.9 46.262,148 2S,734,6?8 57.5 15, 664, 784 4,767,005 229.3 4,;370,359 3,190,152 37.3 .56,;i6S.556 .52,167,739 8.1 8,4.55,420 2,. 567, 084 229.4 5, S92, 108 4,145,665 42.1 4S;1,26,S,514 333,997,686 43.8 9,326,683 7,901,836 18.0 2 Includes Graham flour. RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. CXXIX Since the value of product is the value at the factory or mill and does not represent the cost to the con- sumer the figures in the table should not be used to measure the differences in the average final cost per unit of measure of the commodities shown. The table indicates plainly, however, that since 1900 the general trend has been toward higher prices, which was par- ticularly marked in the case of manufactures of grain. ANIMAL AND FISH PRODUCTS. The gross value of the products of this subgroup of industries amounted to $1,139,557,178 for the census of 1905 and comprised 33. S per cent of the products as shown by Table lxxv. SlaugJi ter ing and tneat packing. — The slaughtering and meat packing industry is the most important of the group, the value of its products constituting 80.2 per cent of the total. The 929 establishments engaged in the industry reported that 50,568,943 cattle, hogs, sheep, and calves were slaughtered during the year 1904, as compared with 46,115,375 during the year ending May 31, 1900, an increase of 4,453,568, or 9.7 per cent. 1905. AC. RAM -i.— SLAUGHTERIXG AND MEAT PACKING— VALUE OF PRODUCTS BY STATES AND TERRITORIES c 30 60 90 120 MILLIONS, OF DOLUAPS ISO ISO 210 240 270 300 - 33 ILLINOIS KANSAS NEW YORK NEBRASKA MISSOURI ^" 1 ^™ ^™ 1 ^™ ^^^ MASSACHUSETTS PENNSYLVANIA tOWA INDIANA OHIO ^^^ I ^^m ^^Z *^" ^^^ CALIFORNIA MINNESOTA I NEW JERSEY WISCONSIN 1 TEXAS MARYLAND ■ WASHINGTON ■ MICHIGAN ■1 KENTUCKY ■ COLORADO ■ OREGON I RHODE ISLAND 1 VIRGINIA 1 WEST VIRGINIA 1 UTAH j MAINE DIST- OF COLUMBIA DELAWARE . TENNESSEE GEORGIA NORTH CAROLINA IDAHO Map 1. — ^hi lightering iijiil inMt parking — inhn: of products per square III ill : 1905. I I Xiess than $ 10 to a square mile ^^M 8 10 to 100 to a square mUe $ 100 to 1000 to a square mile ^S3 $ 1000 and over The line of demarcation between an establishment of the character to be included in the census of factory industries and one to be excluded is sometimes very dif- ficult to draw, and the slaughtering industry is a good illustration of this difficulty. At the census of 1850, which was the first to present statistics for the industry, it was designated as "pork and beef packing." In 1870 it was reported as "meat, cured and packed, not specified," "meat packed, beef," "meat packed, pork," and "butchering." At the census of 1880 the designa- tion was "slaughtering and meat packing, not includ- ing retail butchering." At that of 1890, as in 1900 and 1905, it was "slaughtering and meat packing, whole- sale," and "slaughtering, wholesale, not including meat packing." The statistics for butchering at the census of 1870 included slaughtering, wholesale and retail, while meat packing was classified separately under the other three designations. With the increase in the facilities for disposing of fresh meats through refrigera- tion and other processes the packing industry became, in many instances, an adjunct of the slaughtering, and therefore the four designations used in 1870 were in 1880 narrowed down to one, which included all slaugh- tering and meat packing except retail butchering, thus eliminating from the Census reports establishments engaged in retail slaughtering or butchering. At the cxxx MANUFACTURES. census of -1890 it was found that the statistics for estab- Hshments engaged in both slaughtering and meat pack- ing could with profit be presented separately from those engaged in slaughtering only, and this was accordingly done, but it was still the endeavor to limit the statistics to establishments engaged in a wholesale business. The term "wholesale" is generally applied to an establishment that does not sell its product directly to the consumer, but disposes of it to merchants, thus allowing it to pass through more than one mercantile transaction. But sometimes butchers who, for the most part, slaughter only for their own retail trade, will, because of the perishable character of the prod- uct, sell at wholesale. Also many of the larger retail butchers make a practice of selling large weights to other butchers, although the larger part ot their prod- ucts may be disposed of at retail. The establishment of abattoirs, where slaughtering and other work is done for a number of butchers, facilitates the dis- position of the products at either wholesale or retail, as the exigencA' of business demands. Therefore, in answer to the inquiry, "Do you do a wholesale busi- ness?" a considerable proportion of these retail butch- ers might answer, "Yes." The report of their business would therefore be secured, although their wholesale trade might form only a small proportion of the year's transactions. Under these conditions establishments enumerated at one census would possibly be omitted at a subse- quent census, and the same class of establishments might not be enumerated at the same census in all sections of the country. Therefore the statistics can be accepted as representiijg establishments engaged Diagram 5. — Butter, cheese, and condensed milk — value of ■products by states and territories: 1905. LIONS or DOLLARS ILLINOIS MINNESOTA PCNNBVLVANIA MICHIQAN NEBRASKA WASHINOTON SOUTH DAKOTA OSEQON MASSACHUSETTS NEW HAMBSHIHE CONNECTICUT ARKANSAS TENNESSEE n wholly or very largely in the wholesale trade, but not as the total for all establishments that were in any way engaged in a wholesale business. While the killing of the animal and the dressing of the meat enhance the value of the raw materials, these processes alone would hardly warrant the including of slaughtering as a manufacture. The making of sausage, canned meats, lard, oil, soap, fertilizers, chem- icals, and numerous other products which are adjuncts of the slaughtering industry, are, however, properly classed as manufactures, and the scope of the census covers practically all of them. The statistics for the manufacture of sausage and of refined lard must in every instance be considered in connection with those for the wholesale slaughtering and slaughtering and meat packing establishments, because the larger pro- portion of both lard and sausage is now manufactured in such establishments. Butter, cheese, and condensed milk. — Next to slaugh- tering and meat packing the manufacture, of butter, cheese, and condensed milk is the most important industry included in the group of anin:al and fish prod- ucts. The gross value of products for the three branches ot industry that consume milk as raw material amounted to $168, 182, 789, or 5per cent of the food prod- ucts, as shown by Table lxxv, and 14.8 per cent of the animal and fish group. As comipared with 1900 there was an increase of .$37, .399, 440, or 28.6 per cent, in value of products. During the decade ending with 1900 there was an increase of $70,147,644, or 115.7 per cent. A considerable proportion of the materials used in the industry "butter, reworking" are the products of the butter factories and therefore are duplicated in the group total. Map 2. — Butter, cheese, and condensed milk — raluc of products per square mile: 1905. The statistics represent all products of the factories, including all grades of butter and cheese, cream and I I Loss ihau S ID to a square uuiu ij^ $ 10 to 100 to a square mile ^^ 8 100 to 1000 to a square mile ^^ S 1000 and over milk from the separators, dried casein, skimmed cheese, whey, and also every variety of condensed milk. They RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. CXXXl do not include the operations of cream separating sta- tions, unless the station is operated as a part of a regu- lar butter or cheese factory. At the census of 1905 many establishments which produced butter in 1900 were reported as skimming stations. It is evident that the manufacture of butter is being concentrated in larger establishments, the small plants being often transformed into skimming stations which act as "feeders" to the central station where the butter is manufactured. This accounts for the decrease in the number of establishments shown for some states. The manufacture of butter and cheese is so closely allied to agricultural pursuits that it is frequently impos- sible to make a satisfactory distinction between the operations of the farm and the factory. In many sec- tions of the country farms are devoted exclusively to the production of butter and other dairy products, and, as the establishments are operated by power and em- ploy constantly a number of wage-earners, they really belong to the factory industries. The products of such establishments, however, are reported among the prod- ucts of agriculture, and their enumeration in the census of manufactures would be a duplication. Whether an establishment of the class indicated is to be excluded has been determined largely, however, by the magni- tude of its operations and the character of its equip- ment and market. At the census of 1900, 1,071,745,127 pounds of butter were reported as made on farms, a quantity more than double that made in the butter fac- tories at that census, but as 553,606,101 pounds of the farm product were reported as consumed on the farms, there remained but 518,139,026 pounds avail- able for competition with the factory products. Ac- cepting the figures for the farm production of 1900 as the production at the census of 1905, the total produc- tion of butter would be 1.603,223^268 pounds. Even this enormous quantity, however, can not be accepted as representing the total production of butter in the United States, since at the Twelfth Census it was esti- mated that 40,000,000 pounds were made by persons owning one or two cows each, the statistics for which were neither included in the reports for manufacture nor in those for agriculture.' Unlike the manufacture of butter, 'most of the cheese produced is made in the qheese factories, the census of 1900 showing but 16,372,330 pounds made on farms, of which 1,679,788 were retained for farm consumption and 14,692,542 pounds were sold. Accepting the farm production of cheese as reported at the Twelfth Census as tlic quan- tity produced by farmers at the census of 1905, the total production of cheese would be 333,517,202 pounds. Canning and preserving, fish and oysters. — In 1905 there was reported for these two industries a combined value of products amounting to $30,363,449, or 2.7 per cent of the subgroup "animal and fish products," an in- ' Twelfth Census, Agriculture, Part I, page clxxxiii. crease of $7,111,397, or 30.6 per cent, over the value reported in 1900. The preserving of fish by drying, salting, etc., is frequently done in connection with the catch, and as commercial fisheries do not form a part of the census of manufactures, the figures do not repre- sent the entire fishery industry. They include all es- tablishments where the preservation or canning of fish or oysters was carried on to any extent, but they do not include establishments which were engaged exclusively in catching and shipping fresh fish or oysters. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. These products include those depending upon vege- table growth for their raw material. At the census of 1900 the gross value of these products amounted to $1,587,772,403 and in 1905 to $2,176,693,177, an in- crease of $588,920,774, or 37.1 per cent. The amount of the increase is more than three times that of the animal and fish group and forty-five times that of the mineral group. In 1900 the products of the group formed 61.1 per cent of all food products, as shown by Table lxxv, and in 1905, 64.5 per cent. Flour and grist mill products. — This is the principal industry of the group. It furnishes the major portion of the material consumed in the manufacture of bread and other bakery products, and part of the materials for other industries. The instructions to the field force of the census of 1905 directed that no reports be secured for custom flour, feed, and grist mills, grinding exclusively for toll and local consumption. To be included in the factory census the mill must have done at least some merchant grinding during the year 1904. While there are a large number of small custom gristmills throughout the country, their omission from the census has no appreci- able effect on the statistics other than to cause a de- crease in the number of establishments, and their importance is being rapidly lessened by the more general distribution of the products of the large merchant mills. The custom mills are generally located at a distance from the ordinary routes of travel, and the compara- tively small economic value of the statistics for them would not justify the expense incident to their enumer- ation, which would necessarily be much greater per establishment than for the other portion of the in- dustry. A considerable proportion of the products of the flour and grist mills, such as the 6,913,572,697 pounds of feed and the 8,937,251,392 pounds of offal, are in- tended for animal food. Flour is the most important product for human consumption. The production of wheat flour (including Graham flour) increased from 99,763,777 barrels in 1900 to 104,013,278 at the census of 1905, or 4.3 per cent. During the fiscal year ending Juub 30, 1900, there were exported 18,703,564 barrels of domestic rye and wheat flour, or IS. 5 per cent of the total production. CXXXll MANUFACTURES. The exports in the fiscal year endino- June 30, 1905, amounted to s,831,056 barrels, or 8.4 per cent of the production. If the exports for a given year are com- posed largely of the products of that year, and if the statistics for the two census years are accepted as rep- resenting normal conditions, or an average year, the quantity of rye and wheat flour retained for consump- tion increased hj 14,181,770 barrels, or 17.2 per cent. Diagram 6.— FLOUR AND GRIST MILL PRODUCTS— VALUE BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905. MILLIONS OF DOLLARS MINNESOTA NEW YORK KANSAS (OHIO ILLINOIS PENNSYLVANIA MISSOURI INDIANA WISCONSIN MICHIGAN TENNESSEE TEXAS CALIFORNIA KENTUCKY ^™ ^^" hZ "~ ^^" ^—^ ^H ^^™ ^^ 1 ^^" ^™ ■ ^^Z ^^" ^^^ ■ ^^" ^^u ^" WASHINGTON VIRGINIA ^■~ NEBRASKA IOWA ■ OKLAHOMA ^^^^ ^^* OREGON GEORGIA MARYLAND NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA NORTH DAKOTA WEST VIRGINIA COLORADO NEW JERSEY MASSACHUSETTS MAINE ARKANSAS VERMONT INDIAN TERRITORY NEW HAMPSHIRE UTAH MONTANA CONNECTICUT ALABAMA IDAHO DELAWARE RHODE ISLAND NEW MEXICO ARIZONA SOUTH CAROLINA DIST. OF COLUMBIA NEVADA WYOMING FLORIDA MISSISSIPPI LOUISIANA ■ ■ 1 1 Map 3. — Flour and grist mill products — ralue per square mile: Itiit.j. I ^1 Less than S 10 to if square mile ^^ S 10 to 100 to a h(iuare mUe """"^ 6 100 to 1000 to a square mile ^^ $ 1000 and over Bread and other hal-ery products. — The statistics do not cover the making of bread or other bakery prod- ucts in private famihes, hotels, restaurants, or boarding houses, but the small neighborhood bakeries, as well as the large factory establishments making bread, pies, cakes, pastry, crackers, pretzels, etc., come within the scope of the inquiry. The present form of the classification originated in 1880. In 1850 it was "bakers;" in 1860, "bread and crackers;" and in 1870, "bread, crackers, and other bakery products." Statistics for the manufacture of bread and biscuits were first returned, but in a very incomplete way, at the census of 1820 for Georgia," A laryland, Michigan, Missouri, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Virginia. The fig- ures are so incomplete as to be almost worthles's. The classification for Georgia was "bread, navy and pilot;" for Maryland, "bread, pilot, navy, and crack- ers;" for Michigan, "bread, hard and soft;" for Mis- souri, "bread;" for Ohio, "bread, cakes, and cordials;" and for Pennsylvania and Virginia, "biscuits." The RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. CXXXUl value of products was reported as $56,7-1:5, but none was given for Maryland or ^licliigan. The number of wage-earners was 65. Joshua Bent'.s and Artenius Kennedy's factories, both in jMassaehusetts, seem to have been overlooked, although one was founded in 1801 and the other in 1 805,^ and were probably in opera- tion during the census year. After the censusof 1S20 no statistics coucerningbread and other bakery products appeared until 1S50, when the value of products made by ''bakers" reached $13,294,229 and the number of wage-earners employed was 6,727. The statistics for the censuses from 1S5() to 1S7(I are given in Table lxxvii. Table LXXVII. — Comparatii-c summary — bread and other bakery products: ISia to ISW. 1860 Number of establishments 3, 550 Capital SIO, 025. 966 Wage-earners, average number 14,126 Total wages SS, 353, 184 Cost of materials used : 822,211,856 Value of products i S36, 907, 704 I 1,930 S3, 909, 189 6,514 .?2, 086, 148 ?10,634,199 S16.980,012 2,027 33,390,824 6,727 $1,960,416 58,367,370 $13,294,229 The increase from 1850 to 1860 in value of products was $3,685,783, 'or 27.7 per cent, but the number of establishments and of wage-earners decreased. From 1860 to 1870 the increase in value was $19,927,692, or 117.4 per cent. Notwithstanding the inflated values of 1870 the growth of the industry was remarkable; the wage-earners increased by 7,612, or 1 16.9 per cent. At the census of 1880 compared with that of 1870 the in- crease shown for value of products was $28,917,192, or 78.4 per cent; in 1900 compared with 1890 it was $46,947,147, or 36.6 per cent. In 1905 the value of "bread and other bakery prod- ucts" was $269,609,061, and the number of wage-earn- ers, 81,284. The greatest increase in value of products is shown for the period 1900 to 1905, being $94,240,379, or 53.7 per cent. The quantity of bread baked for the trade is largely dependent upon the population of the neighborhoods in which the bakeries operate; with fancy crackers and cakes it is somewhat different. Yet, notwithstanding the inclusion in the classification of an industry the products of which are sent throughout the country and exported, the magnitude of the bread product governs the whole. New York, having the largest population, ranked first in value of products in 1905 as in 1900, Pennsylvania was second, and Illinois third, with Mas- sachusetts following closely. There have been many improvements in the methods followed in this industry. Some of the best equipped bakeries have laboratories in which samples of flour are tested for gluten and other qualities and for color. Experiments are made with various brands, and these are blended experimentally. The quantity of water to 'One Hundred Years of American Commerce, Vol. II, page 446. be added to make the dough of a standard stiffness is carefully determined. The expansion of a loaf is als(j studied and tests of yeast are made. Where bakers do not have laboratories, they can consult chemists or other experts who make a s|-)ecialty of bakers' problems. Long ago the dough was mixed and kneaded by hand; this is still largely the method employed in households and small bakeries, })ut in the larger bakeries the work is done with machinery. The texture is afterwards improved by a dough brake, consisting of a series of rolls through which the dough is passed. The division and forming into loaves are operations performed with the hand in the homes of the people; but in large bakeries automatic dough dividers and molding machines operated hx ]>ower are used. The dividing mechanism is in some instances automatically operated by the dough when a certain quantity has gone into the pockets. Some machines will divide 40 large loaves, or from 80 to 100 smaller ones, in a minute, delivering each loaf to the molding machine, thus doing a^\■ay with all handling except the placing of the loaves in the pans. The mixing and blending of doughs to procure de- sired results in the color and texture of bread are done by machinery. As with bread, so it is with cakes and pies. There are machines for cutting cakes, some with a capacity of nearly 8 dozen a minute. Doughnuts and crullers are" also formed by machinery and cooked in patent kettles. There are machines for making pies, and fill- ings of all kinds can be bought ready prepared. The mechanical perfection of cracker making is marked, the dough being kneaded, rolled out thin, and cut into the forms of squares and disks, all by power. Machinery in the cracker industry was un- known until about 1840, but since that time many finer machines have been introduced for the making of fancy goods. The reel oven came into extended use at the time of the Civil War. owing to the increased demand for hard bread for the Army and Navy. In some of the large plants to-day these ovens have a daily capacity of from 40 to 50 barrels per oven. While in 1840 only 5 kinds of crackers were pro- duced, now the varietiea aggregate 500 or more. The fancy or sweetened cracker industry began about 1 865,^ as a result of English importations. Liquors, distilled, malt, and v'inmts. — Next to flour and grist mill products the manufacture of liquors is the most important of the group of vegetable products. The gross value of the products of distilled, malt, and vinous liquors amounted to $340,255,905 in 1900 and $440,726,471 at the census of 1905, an increase of $100,470,566, or 29.5 per cent. The vast majority of the establishments included under the classification "liquors, distilled," were en- gaged in the manufacture of spirits other than fruit - One Hundred Years of American Commerce, V'll. II, page 448. CXXXIV MANUFACTURES. brandies. As a rule the fruit brandy distilleries are small establishments operated only at certain seasons of the year, and this class was not included in the fac- tory census. In addition to alcohol, spirits, and high wines the value of products includes all the by-products of the distilleries, such as cattle feed, fusel oil, and slop. When the internal revenue tax was paid by the dis- tiller, it was included in the value of the products re- ported to the Census, but when, the spirits being sold in bond, the purchaser became responsible for the tax, it was not covered in the report. While a combina- tion of reports, some including and others excluding internal revenue tax, may result in a total which reflects conditions as shown by the account books of the distillers, it is impracticable to ascertain the pro- portion of the total value that is due to the imposi- tion of the tax. It would probably be better to elimi- nate the tax in all cases. The Bureau of Internal Revenue publishes annually statistics of the quantity of distilled liquors manufac- tured; therefore such data are omitted from the Cen- sus reports. From these revenue statistics it appears that the production of distilled spirits during the year ending June 30, 1904, amounted to 134,311,952 taxa- ble gallons. The tax alone on this quantity at $1.10 per gallon would amount to $147,743,147.20, while the total value of all products for the distilleries as re- ported to the Census was $131,269,886, or $16,473,- 261.20 less than the tax. It is the practice for the brewer to pay the internal revenue tax, and the value of products, $298,358,732, shown for "liquors, malt," includes the tax for prac- tically all establishments. In addition to lager beer it also includes weiss beer, porter, honey beer, malt extract, ale, and kindred fermented liquors as well as the by-products of the breweries. Malt. — The manufacture of malt is frequently car- ried on in connection with brewing, and in such cases is absorbed in the production of malt liquors, or the malt itself is sold as a minor product. The manu- facture of malt was first shown as a separate industry at the census of 1850 under the classification "malt- sters." This classification and the present one of "malt" cover only the establishments where malt forms the only or chief product, according to value. The reports of the census of 1905 show that such es- tablishments produced malt valued at $30,288,984. As practically all of this production is sold to the brew- eries, it is duplicated in the value of products shown for "liquors, malt." Table lxxviii is a comparative summary of the industry as reported for the censuses of 1S50, 1860, and 1870. The three leading states in the malt industry in 1905 were Wisconsin, Illinois, and New 'i'ork. Wisconsin had 29 establishments with products valued at $8,740,103; Illinois, 21 with products valued at $8,539,870; and New York, 43 with products valued at $7,037,043. These three states had an aggregate of 93 establish- ments, or 66 per cent of the total number of establish- ments in the industry, and the aggregate value of products amounted to $24,317,016, or 80.3 per cent of the total value. Table LXXVIII. — Comparative summary — malt: 1850 to 1870. Number of establishments Capital Wage-earners, average number Total wages Cost of materials used Value of products 1870 208 58,017,248 1,640 $700, 624 $9,002,094 $12,016,51.5 1860 85 S2, 125, 750 589 $189,800 $2,365,299 $3,228,867 1850 11 .?27 1,800 73 818,276 $363, 660 $471,035 Sugar and molasses, refining. — The gross value of products reported for sugar and molasses refining is one of the largest in the group, amounting in 1905 to $277,285,449, an increase since 1900 of $37,574,438, or 15.7 per cent. The cost of raw materials was $22,382,180, of which $21,545,393 was reported for Louisiana. This is due to the fact that most of the establishments reporting from that state produced their sugar and molasses direct from the sugar cane, while the large refineries in New York, Pennsylvania, and other states were refining sugar which, though in a crude form, had passed through a process of manufac- ture. The value of products reported for New York was $116,438,838, which is 42 per cent of the total. The sugar and molasses industry, like others in this group, is allied closely to agriculture, and it is extremely difficult to distinguish clearly between the sugar mills properly belonging to a census of manufac- tures and those more closely allied to agriculture. Many of the mills obtain their raw material from the plantation on which they are located. The sugar and molasses from these mills are placed on the market under the same conditions as they are from mills in which the sugar is refined. The decrease in number of establishments shown for this industry is due to this difficulty and to the fact that many of the smaller mills were in rural sections and so scattered that the cost of sending agents to collect reports would have greatly exceeded the value of the statistics. Sugar and molasses produced from the sugar cane compose the bulk of the products appearing under this classification. Beet sugar and molasses are excluded, but maple sugar and sirup are included. The num- ber of establishments preparing sugar from the sap of the maple tree for general trade is inconsiderable, the production being confined ior the most part to the farms where the sap is collected and boiled down dur- ing a brief season of the year. Statistics concerning the production of maple sugar and sirup on farms did not form a part of the census of 1905, and only those establishments that produced the product for the trade were reported. RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. cxxxv The manufacture of sugar from the cane and the refining of imported cane sugar have long been indus- tries of great importance in this country. The indus- trial census of 1810 reported refineries in Massa- chusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, the territory of Orleans, and the District of Columbia (Alexandria). The total production of all the refin- eries was returned as 7,867,211 pounds, valued at $1,415,724. The figures for the different states indi- cated that the refiners received from 17 to 20 cents a pound for their product. Pennsylvania had the greatest output, producing 3,364,590 pounds during the census year, and New York came next, with 2,474,742 pounds. The returns for the census of 1820 were unsatisfac- tory for all industries. In general, the information was fragmentary and lacked uniformity. The statis- tics for the sugar industry indicated that refineries ex- isted in several states, but the figures were so incomplete as to make it impossible to give even an approximate idea of the value of the output of the country. At the census of 1840 an effort was made to broaden the scope of the industrial census, and returns concern- ing labor, capital, and cost of materials were secured in a more complete form. A serious defect, however, in the published figures was caused by the method of classification. The classes among which the indus- tries were distributed were so comprehensive that the aggregates conveyed little significance, and compari- sons with subsequent censuses have proved of little value. Thus the sugar refineries and chocolate and confectionery factories were combined, thereby ren- dering impossible comparisons with future censuses for the capital invested and the number of wage-earners ( mployed in these industries. However, the number of refineries and value of their products were shown sepa- rately, and from these figures it appears that 42 sugar refineries in the country at that census, reported prod- ucts valued at $3,250,700. The returns indicated that Massachusetts, with only 2 refineries, had products val- ued at $1,025,000 and stood first, while Pennsylvania with 20 refineries came next, with products valued at $891,000, and Louisiana third, with 5 refineries produc- ing $770,000 worth of sugar and molaspes. According to the census of 1850 the order was New York first, with 5 refineries producing sugar and molasses valued at $5,020,000; Massachusetts was next, with 4 refin- eries and products valued at $1,315,700; while Missouri with 3 and Pennsylvania with 5 refineries produced sugar and molasses valued at $1,213,600 and $1,158,000. re- spectively. The fact that apparently during the thirty years elapsing from 1810 to 1840, the value of sugar and molasses produced by New York decreased from $420,706 to $385,000, or 8 per cent, while during the ten years between 1840 and 1850 it increased from $385,000 to $5,020,000 casts some doubt upon the ac- curacy of the returns for 1840. Table lxxix is a summary which shows the figures relating to tiiis industry published at the censuses of 1850, 1860, and 1.S70. Table LXXIX. — Coinparativr summary — sugar and molasses, refin- ing: 1850 to 1S70. Number of establishments Capital Wage-earners, average number. Total wages Cost of ma( erials used Value of products. 1870 1860 59 $20,645,220 4,597 $3,177,288 !;9fi,S9t|.431 S108, 041,911 39 89,087,600 3,484 81,358,328 «:i4.103,767 •342,143,234 1850 23 52,669,000 1,656 $604, 248 $7,662,685 $9,898,800 The table indicates an extraordinary increase in the industry during the twenty years between 1850 and 1870. The number of refineries more than doubled, the number of wage-earners employed nearly trebled, the cost of materials increased more thaii twelvefold, and the value of the products more than elevenfold. The industry continued to increase during the ten years following 1870 and the census of 1880 reported a product valued at $155,484,915, or an increase of 42.7 per cent. However, the number of refineries de- creased from 59 to 49, and the amount paid in wages from $3,177,288 to $2,875,032, which indicates a con- centration movement and the introduction of labor saving machinery that lessened the cost if production. Economic changes in the production of the world's sugar supply which had been slowly gathering force previous to 1880, culminated during the decade follow- ing and produced a crisis in the manufacture of sugar which was reflected by the figures for the census of 1890. Encouraged by a system of export bounties, the beet sugar producers of Europe, particularly of Ger- many, had so increased their production that in 1889- 90 the commodity formed nearly 64 per cent of the world's production of sugar, whereas in 1879-80 it con- stituted but 43 per cent of the world's output.^ The system of export bounty adopted by the Ger- man Government enabled the manufacturers of that country to export beet sugar at a price little above the cost of production and at the same time to pay dividends on the capital invested.^ Competition under such conditions with foreign producers and ruinous competition among themselves proved disastrous to the cane sugar refiners of the United States, and many large refineries ceased to operate, as many as 18 out of 40 northern refineries, according to one authority,' going under. The altered conditions in price and production of the commodity account to a great degree for the decrease during the preceding decade which the figures for 1890 appear to indicate. From a value of $155,484,915 in ' Treasury Department, Bureau of Statistics, Monthly Summary of Commerce and Finance, January, 1902, page 2589. ^D. \, Wells, Recent Economic (Jhanges, page 130. ^Testimony of H. 0. Havemeyer before Industrial Commission, Report O-f Industrial Commission, Vol. I. CXXXVl MANUFACTURES. 1880 the product decreased to a value of 1123,118,259 in 1890, or 20.8 per cent. New York seemed to suffer most from the changes which took place during the ten }'ears, the value of the production of the state falling from §71,2.37,051 in 1880 to .117,157,694 in 1890. Notwithstanding the depression which char- acterized the industry in the Northern states, the number of establishments in the country increased from 49 to 393. This increase was due to tiie large number of small mills operated in the middle West during the latter part of the decade. From 1890 to 1900 the refining of sugar took on a new aspect in the United States, due to bounties and protective tariffs and to the concentration of the in- dustry. Government aid, energetic business methods, and reduction in the expenses of manufacture contrib- uted to make this decade a period of great prosperity to the sugar industry. The value of the products in- creased from $123,118,259 in 1890 to $239,711,011 in 1900, or 94.7 per cent. The decade was also marked by a remarkable in- crease in the number of establishments — from 393 in 1890 to 657 in 1900. This increase was attributable to altered conditions in the production of sugar in Louisiana. Previous to 1890 the sugar planters were content to extract the sirup from the cane and to crystallize the sugar without attempting to refine the product. The raw sugar which resulted was shipped to other centers for refining. The planter discovered, however, that by turning out a l^etter product he could get more for his sugar, and the larger plantations com- menced to install expensive plants equipped with the most modern machinery. By means of centrifugal ma- chines and vacuum pans the planter produced directly from the cane a high-grade sugar called ' 'yellow clari- fied," which, though not a white granulated sugar, was sufficiently free from sirup to command a ^\■ide market, and in this way the planter became a manufacturer. The success of the movement is reflected in the figures for the census of 1900, when there were 384 establish- ments in Louisiana producing sugar, with products valued at $47,891,691, against 38 in 1890, with prod- ucts valued at $12,603,913. D^iring the ten years from 1890 to 1900 the indus- Table LXXX.— quantity OF SUGAR MANUFACTURED try as a whole made notable increases in the amount of capital invested, in the number of wage-earners employed, and in the amount paid as wages. The $24,013,008 which was invested in the industry in 1890 grew to $184,033,304 in 1900, while the number of wage-earners doubled, increasing from 7,043 to 14,129, and the amount paid to wage-earners trebled, rising from $2,385,654 to $6,917,829. With products valued at $239,711,011 the industry stood ninth in 1900 among the manufacturing industries of the country. The exports of raw or of refined sugars have never attained much importance and are steadily decreasing. In 1900 the total value of all sugars exported amounted to only $1,015,397, and in 1905 the value had fallen off nearly one-third. In marked contrast to the unimportant exports are the immense imports of the commodity, most of which constitutes materials for the refineries of the United States. From the standpoint of value, sugar in 1905 was the most important import, the total value amotftiting to $97,645,449, or 8.7 per cent of the value of all merchandise imported into the United States during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1905. Of this total, cane sugar constituted about 94 per cent, of which Cuba alone contributed 70 per cent. Sugar cane was first brought to Louisiana in 1751, but all attempts at manufacturing sugar in the colony failed until 1791, when a planter named Don Antonio Mendez successfully produced the commodity with the aid of a Cuban sugarmaker named Morin. Embold- ened by this success Etiene de Bore in 1794 planted a sufficient acreage of cane to j'ield a crop of sugar for which he obtained $12,000.' Since that date Louisiana has been the home of the sugar cane in this country, although some attempts to cultivate it have been made in Texas and Florida with varving decrees of success. However, domestic production has never been sufficient to supply the consumption in the United States. Table lxxx shows how dependent upon imports the country is for its supply of sugar. ' The Universal Cyclopaedia, Vol. 11, page 194. FROM IMPORTED AND NATIVE MATERIALS AND CON- SUMED IN THE UNITED STATES, SHOWING THE PER CKNT WHICH NATIVE SUGAR FORMS OF THE TOTAL QUANTITY CONSUMED IN THE YEARS 1870, 1880, 1890. 1900, AND 1905.' Total {'onsunicil (tniis). 1S70. 1880. 1890. iftnii. inn.'. . 007,834 'JM. 7.H4 1.470 377 2,219.s.!7 2,i;32,21(l Total (tons). Itnported- Swgar (tons). .'■)44,034 ! 8.5.5, (il 12 l,310.r.74 1,957, i;iil 2.067,972 .544, 634 80.5,04.5 1,257,292 1,9.50,014 '2,056,092 UGAK MANU ^ACTUEED Total (tons'). FROM— Nati Cane (tons) . Molasses itons). ve — Beet (tons). .\11 other mate- rials 2 (tons). 63,200 101, 122 166, 803 262,186 .564, 244 ~ 50,617 53,282 7, 647 11,880 ■ 88,822 136,503 174, 4.50 334,, 522 357 2,800 82,736 220, 722 11,943 26, ,500 5,000 9,000 Per cent of sugar con- sumed pro- duced from native mate- rials. 10.4 10.6 11.2 11.8 21.4 ' Statistical M'stract nf the T'nited States." V ^Inclildrs :'>7ri,4''7 tons Ha \Viiii:in. I.', pagf ."lO:.. 24,02S tons I *orto Kican, and U,ii 2 Includes maple and sorghum sugar. i tons Uliillppine sugar. v RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. CXXXVll The proportion of sugar consumed, which was pro- duced entirelj^ from domestic products, has steadily increased at each census since 1870. The I'^nited States does not yet, however, supply raw material sufficient for the manufacture of one-fourth of the domestic demand for sugar. The manufacture of beet sugar has become a serious rival of the product of the native cane in this country, forming'39.1 per cent of the total domestic production of native sugar consumed in 1905. Cane sugar, how- ever, forms the great bulk of the commodity consumed in the United States, since at least 90 per cent of the raw sugar imported and refined in this country is the product of the cane. Statistics of imports show that in 1905 importations of cane sugar constituted over 93 per cent of the total Cjuantity of sugars of all kinds imported, and practi- cally all of it was refined in the United States before it reached the consumer. Thus, if the sugar manufac- tured from imported raw sugar and molasses be con- sidered as nearly all produced from the cane, and the cjuantity consumed be added to the quantity of native cane sugar consumed, the total for 1905 will be found to constitute about 91 per cent of the total consump- tion of all sugars in the United States for that year. Early methods of separating the sugar from the mo- lasses and refming were crude and wasteful, and this continued to be true until about the middle of the last century. The result was that the refined article was little used and was classed as a luxury. In this coun- try it is probable that the refined sugar consumed dur- ing the year 1S39 did not exceed one-tenth of the quan- tity of brown, which was then bringing at wholesale 7 J to S cents per pound in New York, Philadelphia, and Boston, or about 10 cents less than the refined product.' However, the use of the vacuum pans — patented about 1810, -but not generally introduced for many years afterwards — for concentrating the juice and crystallizing the sugar, and the invention of the centrifugal machine — probably first used about 1851^ — for separating the crystals from the molasses, wrought great changes in the refining of sugar and cheapened the production of the commodity. By 1876 the mar- gin between the cost of raw and refined sugar was only 3 cents. ^ Also, advances in knowledge of the chemis- trv of sugar refining aided greatly in bringing refined sugar within the reach of all. To-dav sugar is manufactured by expressing' the juice from the cane by means of cylindrical rollers. For white sugar the juice is then bleached with the fumes of burning sulphur. Lime is added to the juice in order to neutralize the acidity, and in subsequent heating the impurities are removed by skimming the lime salts and coagulated albumen from the top of the mixture. The clarified juice is next evaporated in ~North American Review, Vol. 48 (1839), page 427. 2 be Bow's Review, Vol. 10, page 89. 3 One Hundred Years of American ('ommerce, Vol. I, page 260. multiple etlcd \iicuum separators, through wliich the juice is pumped in continuous fiow. The contents of the separators are heated by steam, and as the vapors arise they pass through the series of pans into a con- denser from which they are pumped away. The juice now containing from 40 to 45 per cent of sugar is fur- tiier condensed in a strike pan, and finally crystallized by injections of cool sirup into the heated mass. When (Tjrstallization has advanced as far as possible, the entire mass contained in the strike pans is trans- ferred to the centrifugal machines, which are con- i structed with porous walls, so that the sirup is throwTi j out while the crystals are retained. The molasses thus obtained is put through the process three and some- times four times, in order to obtain all the sugar possible. To obtain the snow-white granulated sugar from the raw unrefined sugars, the latter are dissolved in water, filtered through a cloth, decolorized by filtering through boneblack, and finally granulated in a vacuum pan as described above. Confectionery. — This classification includes all of the confections known to the confectionery trade, together with chewing gum, licorice, salted peanuts, popcorn balls or cakes, and starch and paste compositions used l)y confectioners. , Undoubtedly numerous varieties of chocolate confections have been classified under "chocolate and cocoa products," and so lost to "con- fectionery," under which they rightfully belong. This results from the fact that many establishments manu- facturing principally chocolate and cocoa also produce chocolate confections as minor products, and in de- fault of any satisfactory method of segregating the values the entire product of these establishments has been classed under "chocolate and cocoa products." The industrial census of 1840 was the first to accord the manufacture of candj' a place among the industries of the countr3\ From the returns it is evident that the confectionery output of the country even at this early date had attained proportions of some importance. The candy manufacture in the state of Xew York dur- ing that census year was valued at $386,142, and in Pennsylvania the ]iroducts were valued at $227,050. During the following ten years machinery was intro- duced in the manufacture of confectionery and a great expansion of the industry followed. Table lxxxi is a comparative summary of the con- fectionery industry for the censuses of 1850, 1860, and 1S70. T.\BLi': LXXXI. — Comparative suinvianj — confectionery: 1850 tolSlO. Number of establishments Capi.al Wage-earners, average number. To :al wages Cost of materials used. .?4, 995, 293 5,825 S2, 091, 826 .58,703,560 Value of products S15, 922, 643 1S70 1860 1850 541 81,668,478 2,340 $688, 423 $2,990,186 So, 361, 100 383 $1,035,551 1,733 $458,904 $1,691,824 $3,040,671 CXXXVlll MANUFACTURES. As shown by Table 1, from 1880 to 1890 the industry more than doubled as a result of the fact that sugar, which is the foundation of practically all confections, had become more plentiful and vastly cheaper. There was an increase of over 100 per cent in every item with the exception of the cost of materials used, and this exception plainly reflects the low price of the prin- cipal material, sugar, which helped more than any other cause to raise this industry to a place among the important manufactures of the country. The censuses of 1900 and 1905 have been placed on a common basis by the elimination of the small estab- lishments engaged in retail trade in 1900, and now present comparable figures for the manufacture of confectionery in the factories of the country. At the census of 1905 compared with that of 1900 there was an increase in number of establishments of .386; in capital, of $16,806,213, or 6.3.9 per cent; in wage- earners, of 9,373, or 34. 9 per cent; in wages, of $3, 678,804, or 45. 9 percent; in cost of materialsused, of $13,456, 134, or 38. 1 per cent ; and in value of products, of $26,443 ,307 , or 43.6 per cent. In the United States candy making, as an art, did not obtain a firm footing until about the middle of the last century. As early as 1816, however, there were 20 con- fectioners manufacturing and selling candies in the city of Philadelphia,^ and perhaps as many more in the city of New York, but they were merely local dealers, making by hand the sweetmeats sold over their own counters. . In 1845 Sebastian Chauveau, of Philadelphia, im- ported the first revolving steam pan used in this coun- try for making candy, and in 1846 the first machine for making lozenges was invented and built by Oliver R. Chase, of Boston.' Since then the advance of the industry has been very rapid, although its growth up to thirty years ago was greatly retarded by the high price of sugar. Sugar is naturally the principal ingredient consumed in the manufacture of sweets and confections, although a considerable quantity of molasses and maple sugar is used. Chocolate is perhaps next in importance as an ingredient. Over 70,000,000 pounds of cocoa bean, valued at over $8,000,000, were imported during the last fiscal year, and a large percentage of this found its way into confections. In the manufacture of confections large quantities of chocolate, cocoa butter, and cocoa itself are used by those factories using the cocoa bean, while smaller concerns use the already manufactured chocolate and cocoa. Large quantities of glucose are also used as a substitute or adulterant for sugar. Both glucose and grape sugar are now considered harmless when used alone or as adulterants. Chicle, from which most chewing gum is made, was imported into this country to the extent of 5,060,166 pounds during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1905. ' One Hundred Years of American Commerce, Vol. II, page 625. Glucose, essential oils, and flavoring extracts are used with chicle to form gum. Flour starch, glucose, sirup, and flavoring extracts are used with raw licorice to pro- duce the licorice manufactured by confectioners. The starch and paste compositions included in confection- ery are used as the molding material for shaping and stamping confections. Glucose. — The thick sirup called "glucose" made from cornstarch and the solid product called "grape sugar" obtained from the same source are the most im- portant products included under this classification. Some starch is generally sold by the glucose manufac- turer, while corn oil and the solid residue of the corn after the oil and starch have been extracted, which is highly valued as stock feed, form by-products which help materially to swell the total value of the products for the industry. The first mention of the industry in Census reports appeared at the census of 1870, when "beet and grape sugar ' ' was shown with 2 establishments, 1 in Illinois and 1 in New York, having a combined product of but $119,720. During the ten years following, the industry advanced rapidly and at the census of 1880 there were 7 establishments reported, with $2,255,000 invested and products valued at $4,551,212. At the census of 1890 the industry was shown with the same number of establishments as in the previous cen- sus, but the capital invested had more than doubled and there was an increase of 70.4 per cent in the value of products. From the Eleventh to the Twelfth Cen- sus the manufacture of glucose, from the standpoint of the value of products, rose from a position of compara- tive unimportance to one of considerable prominence among the industries of the country. Although there was an increase of only 1 in the number of estab- lishments, the value of products nearly tripled, the amount of capital invested increased nearly sevenfold, and the number of wage-earners employed and the amount paid them in wages about doubled. The pe- riod from 1900 to 1905 was marked by continued in- crease in the value of products. During the latter census year 9 establishments were engaged in the manufacture of glucose and grape sugar, with $17,045,313 capital and 2,876 wage-earners employed, to whom $1,774,580 were paid in wages; these plants expended $20,258,022 for materials, and their products were valued at $24,566,932. Practically the whole industry is now located in the state of Illinois, and it illustrates the difficulties attending a clear presentation of statistics for a single product. Each of the facto- ries reported at the census of 1905 used corn as their principal material, and the following statement shows the diversity of products and by-products obtained therefrom and the value of each: '''°tal $24, 560, 932- Glucose 12 207 197 Grape sugar :::;::;::: 2;5oe;707 Cornstarch 4 178 141 Gluten feed :;:::.':;;; .3;736;242 Corn"'! ■•--- 1,288,233 All other products 652 412 RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. CXXXIX Thus it will be seen that while all of the <) establish- ments represented are operated as glucose factories, and are classified properly as such according to their piincipal product, the actual value of glucose manu- factured amounts to but 49.7 per cent of the total value of products. Even the total of $4,176,141 shown for cornstarch in the above statement does not repre- sent the value of starch manufactured by these estab- lishments. In the manufacture of glucose, starch is first made from corn and afterward converted into glu- cose — two separate operations in the same factory. Therefore most" of the starch manufactured l)y these establishments was immediately consumed as a par- tiall}- manufactured material. The gluten feed and corn oil are by-products. The manufacture of glucose and grape sugar com- menced in the United States about 1S6S, and the con- sumption of glucose as a substitute for the more ex- pensive cane sugar grew with great rapidity. At the present time glucose is consumed in immense quan- tities in the manufacture of candies, table sirups, in brewing, and in preserving, while in smaller quantities it is fed to bees and used for the manufacture of arti- ficial honey, vinegar, wine, and mucilage. Grape sugar is sometimes mixed with cane sugar as an adulterant. In the United States glucose is manufactured from cornstarch, while in Europe the potato is the cus- tomary raw material. The corn is hulled and then softened by soaking in water charged with a little sul- phurous acid. After one or two days in the soaking tank the softened corn is ground on especially pre- pared stones which operate like the ordinary burr mill, but the grinding is carried only far enough to loosen the germ and not to crack it. The cracked mass is next thrashed and the excess of starch removed by passing through rubber rollers, it is then treated with starch milk of such a density that the lighter germs will float while the heavier hulls and kernels sink to the bottom. The germs are removed from the top of the solution and the hulls from the bottom by me- chanical contrivances. The starch in the kernels and germs is removed by sieves and continuous washings, and is finally deposited on starch tables over which the washings are made to run. The starch settles in a hard white layer which, when drained, is ready for con- version. Hydrochloric acid is used generally to accomplish conversion and the process is conducted in steam- heated, closed, copper "converters" under a pressure of 2 or 3 atmospheres. The starch is mixed with con- siderable water and run into the converters, which already contain some acidified hot water. In from ten to thirty minutes, according to the character of the required product, the conversion is accomplished and the liquor is led into neutralizers where its acidity is neutralized by the addition of soda. The neutralized liquor is next decolorized by passing through bone- black filters; it is then drained into the vacuum pans and evaporated to the desired consistency.' Canning and f re serving, fruits and vegetables. — This industry, while of comparatively recent development, reported products to the value of $78,142,022 at the I census of 1905. California reported $13,214,985, or 47.8 per cent of the total raw material, but the value of products for this state was $23,809,988, or only 30.5 per cent of the total. The products in California con- sist principally of dried and canned fruits, which cost more in a raw state and require less labor and less expense for packages than vegetables. Thus, while the raw material in California formed 55.5 per cent of the value of the products, in Maryland where the industry is almost entirely devoted to canning vege- tables, the raw materials formed only 30.9 per cent. The cost of "all other materials," consisting princi- pally of cans, labels, and packages in Maryland, was $4,872,229, or 39.1 per cent of the value of products, while in California this item of expense was $3,393,995, or only 14.3 per cent. The statistics for the manufacture of pickles, pre- serves, and sauces should be considered in connection with those for "canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables," as manj^ of the larger establishments now manufacture both classes of products. Food preparations. — The 766 establishments reported for "food preparations" were engaged in the manu- facture of the great variety of cereal preparations which have become so popular during the past decade, and also in the manufacture of macaroni, spaghetti, and the like, potato chips, malted milk, and other pre- pared foods not elsewhere specified, and stock and poultry food. The value of the products for this class increased from $39,836,882 in 1900 to $61,180,416 in 1905, or 53.6 per cent. MINERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS. Mineral and soda witers. — The manufacture of min- eral and soda waters ranked first in this subgroup both in number of establishments and in value of products. The industry was represented in every state and terri- tory and reported 3,469 establishments with products valued at $30,251,150. Most of the materials used in this industry were purchased in a partially manufac- tured form, the amount reported for this item, includ- ing "all other materials" and "mill supplies," being $9,295,115 and that for raw materials only $167,678. The amount given for raw materials, however, repre- sents only approximate!}" the amount paid by manu- facturers for this class of materials. Most of the establishments were comparatively small and could not segregate the materials, but reported the total cost. The industry first appeared in the census of 1850, and the figures indicate that the manufacture of car- bonated beverages had attained some importance not- 'The New International Encyclopaedia, Vol. VIII, page 450. cxl MANUFACTURES. withstanding the high price of the principal materials which composed the products. Table lxxxii is a com- parative statement of the industry from 1S50 to 1870. Table LXXXII. — Oomparalire summary — mineral and soda waters: 1850 to 1870. ■ 1870 Number of establishments 387 Capital - . S3, 4C2, 3(10 Wage-earners, average number 2,3^.3 Total wages ' Sj23, 7U3 Cost of materials used | 81 , 087, 931 Value of produc. s S4, 222. 27^ 1860 123 .5.58.5,860 727 5241,202 S454, 458 .51,415,420 1850 64 5228,660 589 5153,916 J313,631 $760, 489 Manufactured ice. — Although this industry may be said t.) be related to the group "food and kindred prod- ucts," because of the extent to which it is used in con- nection with the manufacture and preservation of food, it is not deemed sufficient to warrant the inclu- sion of the industry among the food products. Manufactured foodstuffs exported. — The exports of foodstuffs partly or wholly prepared during the 3"ear ending June 30, 1904, were valued at $308,835,694 and the total imports, dutiable and free of duty, at $118,222,862. While no direct comparison should be made between these values and the total value of prod- ucts as reported by the Census, the natural conclusion from their general relationship is that only a com- paratively small proportion of the domestic produc-. tion is sent abroad and a still smaller proportion of the domestic consumption is obtained from foreign countries. TEXTILES. This group ranked third in gross value of products at the census of 190.5, being outclassed bj- "food and kin- dred products" and "iron and steel and their prod- ucts." It contains many industries in which there are complicated processes of manufacture requiring large investments in machinery and the employment of a large number of operatives. It ranked first in the num- ber of wage-earners. As compared with the totals for the census of 1900 the capital increased 30.1 per cent; the wage-earners, 13.1 per cent; the wages, 22.9 per cent; the cost of materials, 39.3 per cent; and the value of products, 31.9 per cent. The establishments reported for the group at the census of 190.5 formed 7.9 per cent of the total for all industries; the wage- earners, 21.1 per cent; and the value of products, 14.5 per cent. At this census the group is composed of 44 indus- tries, which are shown separately in Table 3. Com- parative totals from 1880 to 1905 are shown in Table 1 for 41 of the industries, 3 being shown in combination, "collars and cuffs" included with "furnishing goods, men's," "cotton small wares" with "cotton goods," and "hats, felt," with "hats and caps, other than wool." At the census of 1900 the group contained 45 industries, 3 of which — "cotton cleaning and rehan- dling," "cotton compressing," and "cotton ginning" — were omitted entirely from the factory census of 1905, while 2 classifications — "collars and cuffs" and "cor- sets" — were added. The statistics for the manufac- ture of the articles comprised in the last named classi- fication, however, were included with those for other classifications at prior censuses. The industries embraced in the textile group depend upon animal or vegetabl,e fibers for their raw material. They are characteristic of the factory method of manu- facture and include those industries in which the fac- tory system was first developed in the United States. Diagram 7. — Cotton ! — value, of products by states: 190.5. 3 OF ODLLARB ;t{AB8ACHUSETT6 SOUTH CAROLINA NORTH CAROLINA GEOROIA RHODS ISLAND NEW HAMPSHIRE PENNSYLVANIA CONNECTICUT ALABAMA MAINE NEW YORK NEW JERSEY MARYLAND VIRGINIA TENNESSEE MISSISSIPPI TEXAS KENTUCKY VERMONT LOUISIANA WISCONSIN o:iio n Map 4. — Cotton goods — value of products per square 7nile: 1905. I I Less tban 1 10 to a square mile M^ 8 10 to 100 to a square railB ^M $100 to 1000 to a square mile S^ % 1000 and over RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. •xli Diagram S.— WOOLEN (JOODS, WORSTED (iooDS, WOOL HATS, AND SHODDY— VALT'E < )F Pi;( )Dr('TS I'.Y STATES: 1905. MILLIONS OF DOLLARS MASSACHUSETTS PENNSYLVANIA RHODE ISLAND MAINE NEW YORK NEW JERSEY CONNECTICUT NEW HAMPSHIRE VERMONT OHIO WISCONSIN TENNESSEE INDIANA KENTUCKY VIRGINIA MARYLAND OREGON MICHIGAN MINNESOTA ILLINOIS CALIFORNIA GEORGIA IOWA NORTH CAROLINA WEST VIRGINIA UTAH MISSOURI ARKANSAS TEXTILE FABRICS. The textile industries proper are the most impor- tant of the group, and they all show an increased pro- duction over the totals for 1900 except "wool hats," which has steadily diminished since 1880, due to the decreasing demand on account of the preference for the cheaper felt hat. The quantity of cotton con- sumed in the textile mills, including "cordage and twine" and excluding "felt hats" and "shoddj^," in- creased from 1,92,3, .531, 948 pounds, valued at 1133,- 067,766 in 1900, to 1,981,760,046 pounds, valued at .$234,.524,340, at the census of 1905. The quantity of wool increased from 412,323,430 pounds, valued at .19.5,1.55,48.5, to 500,826,711 pounds, valued at .§125,- 902,637, and the quantity of raw silk from 9,760,770 pounds, valued at .840,721,877, to 11, .572, 783 pounds, valued at •S45, 3 18,416. The leading textile industries proper are "cotton manufactures" (cotton goods and cotton small wares), with a production in 1905 valued at $450,467,704; "wool manufactures" (carpets and rugs, felt goods, wool hats, woolen goods, and worsted goods), with a production valued at .$380,934,003; "hosiery and knit goods," with a production valued at .1136,558,139; and "silk and silk goods," with a production valued at $133,288,072; making an aggregate value of products AIap 5. — Wool manufactures — value of products per square mile: 1905. \ I Less than S 10 to a square mile ^^ g 10 to 100 to a stiuare mile ^M 6 100 to 1000 to a square mile t^^ S 1000 and over for these industries of $1,101,247,918, or 51.3 per cent of the total value of all products for the group. "Hosiery and knit goods" shows the largest percent- age of gain, 43, in value of products, in 1905 compared with 1900; "cotton manufactures" is second, with 32.8 per cent; "wool manufactures," third, with 28.3 per cent; and "silk and silk goods," fourth, with 24.3 per cent. cxlii MANUFACTURES. Diagram 9. — Hosiery and Inil goods — value of products by states: 1905. ,UONS or DOLLARG MAFtYLANO ■ CALIFORNJA Map 6. — Hosiery and knit goods — value of products per square mile: 1905. I i Less than '$ 10 to a square mile ^%%^ S 10 to 100 to a square laile 8 100 to 1000 to a square mile ^S3 S 1000 and over In addition to the manufacture of textile fabrics, the group includes industries with products resulting principally from the remanufacture of these fabrics, such as "awnings, tents, and sails," "clothing" of every description, "bags, other than paper," "men's furnishing goods," "mats and matting," "nets and seines," and "upholstering materials." The indus- DiAGRAM lO.— SILK AND SILK GOODS— VALUE OF PRODUCTS BY STATES; 1905. MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 6 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 1 NEW YORK CONNECTICUT MASSACHUSETTS RHODE ISLAND ^^^^^H ^JJ^^™ ^^^""^ F"^ ILLINOIS ■' CALIFORNIA 1 MARYLAND 1 NORTH CAROLINA 1 Map 1 .--Silk and silk goods — value of products per square mile: 1905. I I Less than S 10 to a square mile ^^ 8 10 to 100 to a ^(luare mile @ 100 to 1000 to a square mile ^^ $ 1000 and over tries in this category all show an increase in value of products at this census except "flags arid banners" and "oakum." The most important of these remanufactures are discussed in detail in the following pages. CLOTHIXG .VXD KINDRED PRODUCTS. The manufacture of clothing of all kinds includes not only articles of clothing made of cloth, but also the manufacture of boots and shoes of leather and rubber, leather gloves and mittens, corsets, fur goods, hats of cloth, fur, straw, and wool, millinery goods of every variety, and numerous other articles of wearing ap- parel, together with the products of industries called into existence entirely by the clothing industry. No statistical presentation of the manufacture of clothing in general, therefore, is complete without several in- dustries not dejieiident upon the textile group for raw materials, and such industries are included in Table LXXXIII. RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. cxliii Tlie industries in this group are distributed among three classes as follows: (1) Finished clothing from textile fibers, (2) finished clothing from leather und other materials, and (3) clothing accessories and mis- cellaneous materials. The statistics are for the census years 1900 and 1905. Table LXXXIIL— (.'OMPARATIVK yUMMARY^OLOTHING AND KINDRED PRODU(!T,S: 1905 AND 1900. Aggregate Finished clothing from textile fibers Clottiing, men's Clothing, women's — Hosiery and knit goods ^ . . Shirts Furnishing goods, men's i Hats, felt Hats and caps, other than felt , straw, and wool 2 Corsets Felt goods Hats, wool Hand knit goods Finished clothing from leather and other materials Boots and shoes Boots and shoes, rubber Fur goods Gloves and mittens, leather Clothing accessories and miscellaneous materials . . Millinery and lace goods Boot and shoe cut stock Buttons Boot and shoe findings Cotton small wares Hat and cap materials Artificial feathers and flowers Furs, dressed Cloth, sponging and refinishing Clothing, men's, buttonholes Boot and shoe uppers Straw goods Cen- sus. 190.5 1900 1905 1900 190.5 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 1905 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 ■ 1900 1905 1900 Num- l)ei' of esta.lj- Iksh- ments. 15, 952 10, 495 11,051 11,596 4,504 6,729 3,351 2,701 1,079 921 641 690 647 457 216 171 483 644 109 138 39 2,545 2,749 1,316 1,599 2,356 2,150 860 691 290 342 275 238 214 186 213 224 141 149 75 126 Capital. $687,372,901 526,540.266 439, NTH, 825 332,825,093 153,177,500 120,647,851 73,947,823 48,431,644 106, 663, 631 81,860,604 23, 379, 774 19,642,668 28,043,684 20,676,961 23, 268, 104 16,701,308 10,221,366 8, 394, 240 9,689,402 7,289,936 9,667,136 7,126,276 1,646,064 2,050,802 279, 541 204,913 190,665,387 166,060,747 122,526,093 99, 819, 233 39,441,826 33, 667, 533 17,991,869 12, 484, 172 10,705,599 56,833,689 38,654,426 17,849,821 10,704,813 9,850,007 7,003,080 7,783,900 4, 212, 668 4, 144, 606 3,277,968 8,010,491 6,397,385 4,264,651 1,744,419 2,567,648 3, 632, 789 1,296,141 798,030 401,326 288, 894 202,091 246, 539 281,090 262,881 122,012 25,070 WAGE-EAUNEP,.S. A verage number. 723,037 031, 100 470,611 .C03, 818 137, 190 120,927 115,706 83,739 103, 715 83, 387 36, 499 36, 622 27,185 30, 322 22,047 18,880 12,101 12, 644 10,976 12, 297 3,254 2,688 1,503 2,108 377 304 188,930 178, 324 149,924 141,830 18,991 14, 391 9,370 7,758 10,645 14, 345 63, 496 48,968 27, 500 16,871 5,936 6,156 10,567 8,686 4,206 2,993 5,416 4,932 2,414 1,371 4,343 5, 331 1,105 835 796 534 903 944 228 253 83 54 WilgCS $293, 304, 378 232,649,77a 182,660,016 142,893,362 57,226,606 45, 496, 728 51,180,193 32, 586, 101 31,536,024 24, 358, 627 11,233,392 10,894,327 8,760,108 9,730,066 11,282,237 9,119,264 5, 787, 563 5,026,096 3,600,462 3,644,693 1,366,764 1,024,835 619,194 937,865 78, 683 75,870 86, 889, 521 72,977,194 69,059,680 58, 440, 883 5,122,782 3,927,214 3,840,253 4,182,618 23,754,841 16,779,217 10,307,241 5,817,855 2,364,209 2,230,691 3,680,196 2,826,238 1.545,175 1.127,784 1,828,100 1,563,442 848,751 434, 148 1,396,817 1,561,403 7.54,988 478. 190 503, 935 268. 191 380, 468 332, 187 102,702 124.707 42, 2.59 14, 381 Misccllijiu- ous expenses. $148, 822, 945 86,138,322 112, 77s, 345 67, 101;, 388 .57,696,240 37,492,601 24, 349, 282 11,733,696 10,320,17li 6, 599, 865 6,461,006 4,771,601 6,424,881 2,511,838 2,831,197 1,416,737 1,698,674 1,023,.-j4N 2,104,622 987, 180 612, 766 366, 164 293, 208 185, 644 97,393 27,515 27,186,418 15,191,735 19,293,634 10,669,402 3, 215; 373 2,089,154 3, 169, 718 1,865,482 1,507,693 567, 697 8,858,182 3,840,199 4, 688, 663 1,646,167 904,950 490, 548 1,012,762 393, 862 475,021 233, 363 6,56,577 462,534 343,780 103, 606 470,200 404, 751 206, 363 49,291 191,382 93,295 46, 383 36,2.34 29, 125 26,812 33,086 847 Cost of materials used. SS17, 630, 725, 063 039,580 486, 364, 568, 191 360, 217 185, 145, 260, 215, 793, 436 218, 798 1,719,996 :, 704, 592 ,593,782 ,071,869 1,639,402 :, 960, 564 1,564,500 1,669,929 1,976,206 ;, 513, 668 ,817,230 1,906,917 1,136,237 i, 357, 189 1,754,026 1,801,028 ,369,810 1,042,202 195, 566 123, 471 569,239 079, 419 197, 168, 363, 495 632,664 000, 464 682,643 204, 391 281,092 000,889 483, 130 697,633 699,944 1,2.58,916 1,654,295 ,.586,872 ,800,282 1,144,446 1,803,246 1,047,3.56 1,627,048 1,207,665 1, 110, 137 1,216,906 1,797,7.56 1,014,380 !, 763. 337 .,641,950 519, 699 38, 862 17, 490 94,857 98, 178 290, 464 396, 643 54,989 12.933 Value of products, In- cluding clis- tom work and repairing. SI, 496, 1,127: 133, 850 415, 953 926, 697, 746,746 067,926 355, 276, 247, 159, 136, 95, 445, 342, 796,, 571 717,367 661,560 339,539 6.58,139 482, 566 1,971,105 ,121,530 1,031,682 1, 346, 482 1, 629, 353 ■,811,187 1,312,180 ,393,310 1,862,081 I, 451, 198 1,948,694 1,461,691 1,457,266 1.. 591, 940 518,315 351, 126 036, 268 884, 747 320. 258, 124, 87, 107.4.58 969.. 580 065,296 089,819 123, 129 899, 192 740, 385 926, 156 • 350, 836 463, 280 1,777,768 1, 469, 406 ,676,815 1,242,892 ., 133, 769 ,695,910 1,355,020 ', 145, 820 1,016,486 i, 394, 164 i, 440, 108 1,849,116 1, 246, 822 i, 293, 235 1,215,701 ., 400, 455 ,0,52,939 566,000 700, 158 680, 602 549,867 688,796 186,383 36,986 1 Includes 44 establishments in 1906 reported as ' 'collars and cuffs.' .MFG IT 1 — 07 X 2 Includes 68 establishments in 1905 reported as "hats, straw." cxliv MANUFACTURES. There is a considerable amount of clothing and cloth- ing accessories included in the general statistics for which it is impossible to make a segregation to be in- cluded in Table lxxxiii. For instance, lodge uniforms are classed as "regalia and society banners and em- blems;" garters, supporters, and elastic notions of all kinds are included in the "rubber and elastic goods" classification; athletic uniforms are included in the classification of "sporting goods;" pins and hooks and eyes are included in the classification of "needles, pins, and hooks and eyes." Artificial palms, plants, fruits, and flowers are used to some extent for exterior and interior house decora- tion, and as these products could not always be seg- regated from those used for millinery purposes, the entire product of "artificial feathers and flowers" was necessarily included. Hides and skins are dressed to some extent for lap tobes, rugs, etc., but the "furs, dressed " industry as a whole can safely be considered as furnishing material for 'the manufacture of "fur goods." The value of products for ' ' straw goods " consists largely of the value of contract work for bleaching and dyeing straw hat materials, but small amounts for other mis- cellaneous straw goods are also included. The product of the whalebone cutting industrj^ is largely tributary to the manufacture of clothing products, but as only 2 establishments were reported for 1905, they have been omitted from Table lxxxiii. Weaving, spinning, knitting, and some other indus- tries are still carried on to a limited extent in the house- hold, but all such products have probably been omitted from recent censuses. At any rate such operations are not extensive and can not affect the comparisons. There were, however, large quantities of clothing made by the merchant and custom tailors, by dressmakers, and in the household, which, though entirely omitted from the census of 1905, assume in the aggregate such large proportions and are of such great importance that they must be considered in making any computation of the per capita values. Since 1900 there has been a very satisfactory increase in practically all of the industries included in the group. The fact that the number of establishments did not in- crease as rapidly as the wage-earners and the value of products, indicates that the development has been due more to' the expansion of existing plants than to the establishment of new enterprises. "Artificial feathers and flowers," "boot and shoe up- pers," and "wool hats" indicate a decreased produc- tion between the two census periods. The decrease in "boot and shoe uppers" and "wool hats" has been referred to under the discussion of "leather and its fin- inhcd products" and "textiles." The decrease in "artificial feathers and flowers" was explained in the report on manufactures of the last census, as follows: "It is possible that the decrease was' caused by a re- duced demand for these goods and that it represents actual conditions. It is possible also that a large quan- tity of this class of goods was included under 'millinery and lace goods.' " l-INISHED CLOTHINCi FROM TEXTILE FIBERS. The manufacture of finished clothing from textile fibers has assumed great proportions. At the census of 1905 the total value of the output was $926,746,746, an increase of 33 per cent over the value reported in 1900. A significant feature of the table is the decrease in the number of establishments, which dropped from 11,596 at the census of 1900 to 11,051 at the census of 1905. In view of the increase in the value of products and an increase of over a hundred million dollars in capital, it is evident that large establishments are flourishing at the expense of the small shops. Clothing, men's, and clotMng, women's. — The statis- tics for these classifications represent what is generally accepted as the factory clothing industrj^. The estab- lishments in these industries which manufacture, under various conditions, ready made clothing, maj- be ar- ranged in three groups according to the ownership of materials and the treatment of the expense for wages : (1) Those in which the material is owned by the manu- facturer, under whose immediate supervision the manu- facture is carried on. In such an establishment the value of products includes the cost of the material and the expense for wages. (2) Those in which the mate- rial is owned by the manufacturer who cuts the garments but has a portion or all of the sewing done by independ- ent operators as contract or piece work. In the reports for such establishments the cost of the material is in- cluded in the value of the products, but the number of wage-earners employed by the independent establish- ments making the garments is not included, the cost of this work being reported in the amount "paid for con- tract work" under miscellaneous items of expense. (3) Those in which the contractor operates on material furnished by others. The value of products reported for such establishments is the amount received for work done during the ^ear ; and the cost of the material rep- resents only the cost of thread, wax, buttons, and such miscellaneous articles as were not furnished by those for whom the work was done. The combination of the reports for the second and third groups of establishments necessarily results in a duplication of the value of products, as the amount received for work done by establishments in the third class is reported by the establishments of the second class as an expense and enters as an item in the value of their products. Hosiery and hnit goods. — Next in importance to the manufacture of women's clothing was the production of hosiery and knit goods. Shirts; furnishing goods, men's; and collars and cuffs. — The statistics for these three branches of in- dustry are shown separately in Table 3. Some estab- RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. cxlv lishments manufacturing primarily the products of one class, show as minor products articles which, if they could be segregated, would belong in one of the other two classes. Previous to the census of 1880 the only mention made of these products occurred at the census of 1860, when a classification representing the three industries combined showed 219 establishments having a capital of $2,256,500, employing an average of 528 males and 15,068 females, who received $1,634,992 in wages, con- suming materials which cost 13,920,607, and reporting products valued at S7, 218,790. At the census of 1880 the statistics for "shirts" and "furnishing goods, men's," which were shown sepa- rately, indicate that the factory industry had attained considerable proportions prior to that date. It is probable that at the censuses of 1860 and 1870 they were included under the classification "clothing, men's." Since 1S80 each census has recorded large increases in the manufacture of shirts. The census of 1890 showed an increase in the value of the prod- ucts of 67 per cent over that of 1880, and in the fol- lowing ten years an increase of 40 per cent was re- corded. The census of 1905 showed a product valued at 850,971,105, which represented an increase of 8.2 per cent over 1900. The decrease of 20.6 per cent in the number of establishments from 1890 to 1900 is accounted for by the fact that in 1890 establishments making custom shirts solely were included, while in 1900 and 1905 they were excluded. The articles included in the classification "furnish- ing goods, men's," are neckties, suspenders, belts, hand- kerchiefs, fabric cloth gloves, mufflers, and gaiters and leggings made of cloth. This industry was first given a separate classification at the census of 1880, probably being reported with "clothing, men's," at prior censuses. The enumeration of 1905 was restricted to factories en- gaged in production for the trade only, and the statis- tics for 1900 were reduced to this basis, but the estab- lishments engaged in custom work were included in prior censuses. The manufacture of collars and cuffs as a distinct industry had reached such proportions at the census of 1905 as to warrant a separate classification. An interesting feature of this industry is its localization. Out of the 44 establishments reporting, 37 were in the state of New York, with products valued at $12,188,181, or 96.8 per cent of the total. Hats. — The establishments manufacturing hats are classified according to the character of the material used, and the industry appears in Table lxxxiii un- der "finished clothing from textile fibers" and also in the miscellaneous groups of the clothing under "cloth- ing accessories, etc.," as "hat and cap materials." The statistics for the entire industry at the present census are summarized in Table i.xxxiv. Table lyXXXIV. — Sittnmanj — hats and cups, and iniilcrials: 1905. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Capital. WAGE-EAKNERS. Aver- age num- ber. Wages. -?3-'-|™»' Total 781 «39,390,185 38,125 .?18.537,745 $33,379,152 ■tiW, 8.38,907 Wool hats Felt hats : Straw hats All other hats and caps Hat and cap materials 17 216 68 415 65 1,646,064 23,268,104 6,036,216 4, 185, 150 4,264,651 1,603 22,047 5,667 6,594 2,414 619, 194 11,282,237 2, 433, 974 3,353,5S9 S4X, 751 1,369,810 16,975,206 6,509,567 6,307,663 4,216,60i; 2,467,266 .3i;, 629, 363 10. 3.56, 690 12,955,490 1', 440, 108 FINISHED CLOTHING FROM LEATHER .AND OTHER MATERIALS. This class includes the important industries "boots and shoes, leather," and "boots and shoes, rubber." Next to the manufacture of "clothing, men's," the manufacture of boots and shoes of leather is the most important industry shown in the table. Boots and shoes, leather. — The different branches of this industry reported 1,895 establishments with a product of $357,688,160 for the census of 1905 as com- pared with 2,253 establishments with a product of $290,047,087 for the census of 1900. The decrease in the number of establishments is fully explained in the special report on "boots and shoes." The industry is specialized very much in the same way as the manu- facture of men's and women's clothing — that is, the classes of cut stock, findings, and uppers represent the operations of establishments that make a specialty of manufacturing parts of shoes, such as vamps, tongues, laces, heels, pasted inner soles, wooden heels, and canvas box toes, covering metal shoe lace hooks, fitting uppers, etc. All of these products, which ap- pear in the table under "clothing accessories, and miscellaneous materials," are included and duplicated in the total value of products reported for "boots and shoes." cxlvi MANUFACTURES. Diagram 1 1.^ P.OOTS AXD SHOES— VALUE OF PRODUCTS BY STATES: 1905, MASSACHUSETTS NEW YORK 16 30 ■46 MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 60 76 90 106 120 (36 1 nr- MISSOURI NEW HAMPSHIRE PENNSYLVANIA X J IHHH ■1 ^^^* ILLINOIS ■ NEW JERSEY ■■■i WISCONSIN ■■■ MINNESOTA ^ MICHlQAN ^ VIRGINIA ■ KENTUCKY ■ CALIFORNIA ■ CONNECTICUT MARYLAND IOWA TENNESSEE VERMONT LOUISIANA INDIANA GEORGIA NEBRASKA WASHrNQTON Map S. — Boots and shoes — value of products per square mile: 1905. ^^J I I Less than S 10 uj a square mile l/'WA 3 10 to 100 to a square mile 6 100 to 1000 to a square mile ^Si S 1000 and over Diagram 12. — Lcnihrr, U.niud, currirt I. and finished — value of prod- vets by states: I'lii'i. PENNSYLVANIA MABSacHUaETTS WISCONSIN NEW YORK DELAWARE MIt 3F OOL LARS 5 60 1 1 1 — 7" ■■ ' CAUFORNIA ^H H OHIO ■^ ■ WEST VIRGINIA ^^m ■ VIROrNJA ^^m i KENTUCKY ^^ TENNESSEE iHi NORTH CAROLINA IB MAINE wm oeoRoiA B MARYLAND ■ NEW HAMPSHIRE ■ MISSOURI ■ INDIANA ■ ALABAMA CONNECTICUT OREGON RHODE leLANO VERMONT MINNESOTA TEXAS WflSHINQTON eouTH CAROLINA It is interesting to note that the value of the finished leather product of the tanning and currying industry was $236,765,803 for the census of 1905, while the leather reported as a material for the boot and shoe industry cost $170,492,700. If these two amounts be accepted as representing the usual production and consumption during a period of twelve months, the figures indicate that about 72 per cent of the leather manufactured in the country was consumed in the boot and shoe industry. Boots and shoes, rubher. — This industry reports the least number of establishments, but next to, ''boots and shoeSj leather/' the greatest amount of capital and the largest value of products of any of this class. The excessive increase in value of products is due probably to the fact that at the census of 1905 some of the estab- lishments prepared their reports on the basis of a list price, subject to the large discounts pecuHar to the industry. ?>[ap 9. — Leather, tanned, curried, and Jin (shcd^value of products per square mile: 1905. I 1 Less Ihan S 10 to a square mile $100 to 1000 to a square mile $ 10 to 100 U) a sciuare mile ^^ $1000 and over RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. cxlvii Gloves and mittens, leather. — The census of 1905 is the first at which the statistics for the manufacture of leather gloves and mittens was given a separate classification. The value of the products for the in- dustry amounted to SIT, 740,385, but there is consider- able duplication in this value, due to the practice of different manufacturers performing only certain proc- esses and selling the partially completed products to others to be carried to a higher stage of completion. A large number of the wage-earn(M's in the industry are pieceworkers and work at their homes or else^\•here than at the factory. Their wages are reported as amounts paid for contract work and included in miscellaneous expenses; thereft>re the 10,645 wage-earners and the $3,840,253 paid as wages do not fully represent the magnitude of employment in the industry. CLOTHING ACCESSOKIES AND MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS. The industries included under this heading are for the most part the result of specialization in the manu- facture of clothing. Several of them contribute their entire product to the factories which produce finished articles of clothing. Thus the products of the indus- tries "boots and shoes, cut stock," "boot and shoe findings," "boot and shoe uppers," "hat and cap ma- terials," and "clothing, men's, buttonholes," are con- sumed entirely in the manufacture, respectively, of boots and shoes, of hats and caps, and of men's clothing. Millinery and lace goods. — This is the largest indus- try of the miscellaneous group according to value of products. It includes the manufacture of ladies' belts, collars and neckwear of ever}" description, embroidery, tucking, scarfs, hat and bonnet frames, ruffles, lace caps, the trimming of hats; the treatment and ar- rangement of feathers, the working of chenille dots on chiffon and the making of marabou chiffon, silk pom- pons, and millinery ornaments, children's bibs and headwear, and similar articles. The value of these products at the census of 1905 was $50,777,768, or 18.6 per cent of the value of all the products of the "mis- cellaneous group." The materials consumed are com- posed largely of the finer products of the textile mills. Many establishments classed as "millinery and lace goods" also manufacture some artificial flowers, and, as noted previously, the industry is allied closely to that of "artificial feathers and flowers," both classes of products being used largely for similar purposes. The statistics for "millinery and lace goods" do not include the trimming of hats, bonnets, etc., in milli- nery stores for individual customers. Cloth, sponging and refinishing. — The operations of establishments engaged in shrinking, sponging, and re- finishing cloth are here considered. The cloth treated is furnished by the establishment for which the work is done, and therefore its value is not included either as materials or products. The total reported as value of products is the amount received for work done. The total, however, does not convey a correct idea of the extent of this work, as many of the manufac- turers treat their own cloth. Butfnuholes. — The working of buttonholes is done to a limited extent in independent establishments, the materials being furnished. The statistics represent the operations of such independent establishments only. The amount added bj- the working of button- holes by these independent establishments is included in the value of the products reported by the manu- facturer for whom the work is done. * QUANTITIES AND VALUES OF TEXTILE MATERIALS AND SELECTED ARTICLES OF CLOTHING. In this as in other industries, the increase in the quantity of products is perhaps a better indication of the growth of the manufacture of clothing and of kin- dred products than the increase in the value. While it is impossible to show quantities of products for all of these manufactures, Table lxxxv presents some that are available for 1900 and 1905. For the most part the value of the articles specified has increased at a greater rate than the quantit}', silk broad goods and felt hats being the principal classes in which the reverse is true. The excess in the increase of value is due to the increase in prices and to changes in the character of products, as a larger proportion of the finer and more expensive classes of goods necessarily increases the total value. The impossibility of secur- ing uniformity in the way of reporting the value of products — some manufacturers give the factory cost, others the value at the factory, and still others the ac- tual amount received for the goods — should be consid- ered in connection with the values for all branches of industry, but especially for the textile products, in which such radical changes in the quality of products are possible. The totals for yarns show the greatest and those for hosiery and knit goods the least proportionate excess in value. A better idea of the increase for yarns, how- ever, may be had by a comparison of the percentages for 1,he different varieties, as the percentages for the totals for all yarns are fixed largely by the totals for cotton yarn. During the first half of the census year 1904 the price of raw cotton reached the highest point in ten years. Any fluctuation in the cost of raw material is reflected to a greater degree in the value of the partially manufactured products than in the value of the finished products, since in he former case the cost of labor is less in proportion to the value of production. cxlviii MANUFACTURES. Table LXXXV.— TEXTILE MATERIALS AXD SELECTED ARTICLES OF CLOTHING, BY KIND, QUANTITY, AND VALUE, WITH PER CENT OF INCREASE: 1905 AND 1900. Cotton goods . Plain cloths for printing Brown or bleached sheetings. Twills and sateens Napped fabrics Fancy woven fabrics Ginghams Ticks, denims, and stripes Duck Wool gopds. All wool woven goods Goods woven on cotton warp with weft partly or wholly of wool, worsted, or hair. Union or cotton-mixed woven goods ; Felt cloths, etc Upholstery goods ., Square yards. 4,675,023,.522 1,818,216,172 1,172,309,182 366,142,513 .330,808,140 306,254,685 302.316,1.32 256,375,486 122,601,212 619,364,177 Hosiery and knit goods. Woolen, merino, and cotton hose Merino, all wool, and cotton shirts and drawers. Woolen, merino, and cotton half hose Gloves and mittens Merino, all wool, and cotton combination suits. . Cardigan jackets, etc Yarns, etc.. Cotton yarn Worsted yarn and tops Woolen yarn Silk, spun, machine twist, sewing, embroidery, and wasli. Silk, organzine and tram Silk broad goods. Plain and fancies Piece dyed Jacquards Velvets Plushes Tapestry and upholstery. Boots, shoes, and slippers, leather . Hats, felt. . Hats, wool. 260,681,119 182,135,011 63,197,407 12,289,901 1,060,739 Dozens. 68,356,841 25,999,813 19,707,096 18,144,185 2,260,608 1,433,610 811,629 Pounds. 477,260,371 369,679,680 60,480,686 42,964,476 2,109,884 2,025,645 Yards. 136,447,107 77,454,067 36,937,937 10,479,211 7,262,315 2,547,367 1,766,210 Pairs. 242,110,035 Dozens. 2,612,175 1900 Square yards. 4,125,999,349 1,581,613,827 1,212,403,048 235,860,618 268,852,716 237,841,603 278,392,708 181,800,853 129,234,076 433,187,507 216,655,190 152,931,012 57,334,570 5,819,167 447,668 Dozens. 49,183,460 16,642,677 15,818,893 13,253,848 1,899,825 974,127 594,090 Pounds. 418,497,739 338,253,896 43,054,546 32,817,878 1,903,034 2,468,387 Yards. \ 97,940,935 ! Per cent of in- crease. 13.3 15.0 13.3 65.2 23.0 41.0 16.1 19.! 20.3 19.1 10.2 111.2 137.0 39.0 1905 56.2 24.6 36.9 19.0 47; 2 36.6 14.0 9.3 40.5 30.9 10.9 117.9 39.3 62,536,803 15,890, ,385 9,209,695 5,122,249 3,848,684 1,333,119 Pairs. 217,966,419 Dozens. 1,926,366 823,606 2.3.9 132.6 13.8 41.8 133.8 32.5 36.6 143.6 11283,136,377 80,311,612 61,263,376 23,701,305 26,108,315 28,486,342 22,471,867 23,797,578 17,005,982 239,756,660 168,439,261 50,092,572 26,288,407 4,026,483 908,937 120,474,781 1900 $213,781,469 57,780,940 55,513,032 14,301,302 18,231,044 21,066,310 16,179,200 16,446,633 14,263,008 186,355,134 117,996,743 42,510,460 23,111,696 1,994,114 742,121 83,731,072 26,162,043 66,338,450 17,4,38,914 5,556,260 . 6,643,745 8,345,369 154,483,609 80,936,369 43,228,084 10,018,760 11,109,656 9,190,650 16,206,674 45,167,649 11,043,764 4,248,687 3,575,561 3,498,837 114,612,491 56 165,212 £0,117,728 6,861,333 10,301,027 11,167,191 72,979,765 58,122,622 46,084,962 13,676,099 7,156,711 3,161,206 1, .340, 815 1,569,982 315,987,387 34,319,6.34 2,339,917 39,302,821 6,210,673 6,639,322 2,479,903 2,480,068 1,009,835 255,720,266 25,671,211 3,171,081 Per cent of in- crease. 32.4 39.0 10.3 65.7 43.2 35.2 38.9 44.7 19.2 28.7 34.3 17.8 13.7 101.9 22.5 43.9 61.4 24.8 57.9 30.8 85.8 138.5 34, i 44.1 43.5 46.0 7.8 117.7 26.6 17.3 120.2 7.8 27.5 146.9 64.5 23.6 33.7 126.2 1 Decrease. Cotton fabrics show a much greater excess in the value increase than wool fabrics. This condition may be attributed largely to the stronger advance in cotton materials than in wool, although the price of wool was somewhat higher at this census than in 1900. It would be natural to expect any industry consuming large quantities of cotton yarn to show a large excess in the increase in value. This, however, is not the case with hosiery and knit goods, the increased cost of cotton material being offset by a change in the fine- ness of products, and also by greater economies of manufacture resulting from the use of improved methods and machinery. The percentages of increase in the value of boots and shoes was 2.1 times the quantity increase, and this indica!?s higher prices resulting from increased cost of materials and manufacture. The quantity of silk fabrics increased 39.3 per cent, or about 1.5 times the value increase. According to the Census returns the cost of raw silk declined 25.5 per cent per pound between the two census years. A change in the character of products is also apparent, tending toward cheaper grades of silk, as shown by a larger proportion of materials other than silk consumed by silk manufactures. The slight decline in the average cost per pound of hatter's fur accounts in part for the lower value shown for "hats, felt." A close comparison of a detailed statement of prod- ucts for any industry, especially textiles, brings unsat- isfactory results, because of the changes in character and the unavoidable differences in classification. OTHER INDUSTRIES. Awnings, tents, and .soi7.5-.— Although the making of awnings, tents, and sails is one of the most ancient of industries or handicrafts, no notice seems to have been taken of it in census statistics prior to 1850. Table Lxxxvi is a summary of the census statistics for this industry from 1S50 to 1870.' RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. cxlix Table LXXXVI. -Comparative summary — awnings, tents, and sails: 1S50 to 1811). Number of establishments Capital Wage-earners, average number. Total wages Cost of materials used . Value of products $2, 880, 715 1S70 1860 1850 224 S71o, 7«5 1,127 $5-12.999 .?1, fill, 023 ,«2,880,715 150 $342,27.5 $298,217 $8S8,57:! Sl,442.04li 189 $271,380 sris $355,092 $889,984 51,075,703 This summan^ and the statistics given in Table 1 indicate, on the whole, a constant and consistent growth in the industry from 1S50 to the present time. The decades 1850 to 1860 and 1870 to 1880 show de- creases, which are undoubtedly the results of defective enumerations, and are not representative of actual conditions. The small establishments that make window, porch, and store awnings and place the same for individual customers were omitted from the enumeration of 1905. The principal materials used in this industry are cotton duck and the iron and wood frames, braces, etc., for awnings and tents. The quantity and value of cotton duck manufactured in the United States according to the Census reports during the years ending May 3 1 , 1890 and 1900, and the calendar year 1904 were 55,192,538, 129,234,076, and 122,601,212 square yards, respectively, valued at 88,664,395, $14,263,008, and $17,005,982-. The cost of all materials used in the manufacture of "awnings, tents, aifd sails," as reported to the Census at the same periods, was $4,150,180 in 1890, $5,227,- 503 in 1900, and $6,669,721 in 1904. A large part of this cost was for cotton duck. It will be seen, there- fore, that a large proportion of this product of cotton mills is utilized in the industry. While it is true that in modern times the sewing machine has found some application in the trade, and, together wath labor saving cutting appliances, has effected greater economy in the work, the industry is to-day, as always, a hand trade. Many of the estab- lishments engaged in the manufacture of awnings, tents, and sails are large, employing many hands, but by far the largest proportion are comparatively small. The simplicity and primitiveness of the industry- as regards mechanical appliances is illustrated in the com- paratively small number of patentable improvements recorded, and such patents as have been granted cover principally awning, tent, and canopy supports, frames, braces, etc. Flags and banners. — The manufacture of "flags and banners" is closely allied to that of "awnings, tents, and sails," and in some instances to " regaha and society banners and emblems." Establishments often manu- facture products common to the three industries, and this precludes a uniform classification from census to cen- sus, as the predominating product may be awnings and tents one year and flags and banners another. This difference in classification accounts largely for the apparent decrease in flags and banners at this census. There was one large establisliment which had gone out of business and one which reported a largel}' decreased production. Bags, other than paper. — This classification i^ limited to establishments which manufacture bags from hemp, jule, cotton, or other fiber. Bags are made frequently by the establishments that mani facture the fabric, and in many instances they are made in connection with the mancfacture of other prodi cts. In such cases they form onlj' a minor portion of the product and are incli ded in the classification to which the establishment is assigned according to its product of chief value. For example, the factories included in the classification of "cotton goods" manufactured bagging, cloth, and finished bags to the value of $3,953,732 at the ceiusas of 1905, and establishments engaged in the manufacture of jute and jute goods reported the production of gunny bagging to the value of $2,233,936. In the salt in- dustry $38,041 were expended for cloth for the manu- facture of bags. There are fiour mills and other factories in which bags are manufactured and consumed and their value does not appear separately in the Census statistics. The totals, therefore, do not exhibit the real extent of these manufactures. However, a comparison of the returns of the several censuses since 1860, when the industry was first classified separately, reveals a remarkable growth. Table lxxxvii gives the totals for 1860 and 1870. Statistics for subsequent censuses are given in Table 1. Table LXXXVII. — Comparative summary — hags, other than paper: 1870 and 1860. Number of establishments Capital Wage-earners, average number Total wages Cost of materials used Value of products 39 81,290,500 1,097 $452, 517 $3,827,678 88,261,679 19 $82,600 112 $43,968 $607, 785 $749, 678 In both 1880 and 1890 "bags, other than paper" in- cluded establishments reporting flax, hemp, and jute bagging. At the censuses of 1900 and 1905 all jute products were included under "jute and jute goods." This fact explains the decrease in the industry which the figures of 1900 apparently revealed. This change in classification makes the comparison of the censuses of 1880 and 1890 with those of 1900 and 1905 mislead- ing;. The orrowth of the industry has been constant until in 1905 products valued at $37,399,087 were man- ufactured and 5,722 wage-earners were employed, to whom $1,828,526 was paid in wages. In the earlier history of the industry the majority of the bags manufactured were of the coarser materials. Cotton was not used to a great extent. Flax cotton, a fibrous material which was made by treating flax with caustic soda and sulphuric acid and which could be spun and woven on cotton mill machinery, had been cl MANUFACTURES. used for making the finer grades of grain bags. Tlie importation of jute increased from 15,406 bales in 1860 to 62,850 in 1S70,' the manufacture of bags being an important factor in the consumption of tlie material. Cotton cloth is now used largely in the manufacture of the finer grades of bags where fine texture and neatness are required, and j ute, in the manufacture of the coarser grades, such as are used in shipping cofi^ee, rice, corn, fertilizer, etc. The r:se of machinery in the last twenty-five years has facilitated greatly the manufacture of bags, and the fact that all grades and sizes made from different mate- rials may be produced in the same establishment has caused the value of products to increase in much greater proportion than the number of establishments. One of the most important features of this industry is the increase in number of cotton bags used. Flour is now commonly sold in cotton bags of varying sizes, as also are table salt, granulated sugar, meal, and other articles of food. Oakum. — The decrease in the value of the products of oakum is more apparent than real, as one establish- ment which reported oakum as the sole product in 1900, reported also a large paper and pulp product in 1905, and was assigned to the latter classification. IRON AND STEEL AND THEIR PRODUCTS. In 1905 this group ranked second in the gross value of products and in the average number of wage-earners, and first in the total amount paid annually in wages. It is composed of 37 industries, of which 33 are shown separately and 4 in combination in Table 1 . The manu- 'The Universal Cyclopaedia, vol. 6, page 517. facture of pig iron and of steel are the basic industries of the group. On these are founded all the other indus- tries, such as those producing structural iron, machin- ery, tools, hardware, tin and terne plate, cutlery, wire, and the more delicate classes of products represented, for example, by electrical measuring instruments. The aggregate value of all products of the iron and steel group of industries in 1905 was .$2,176,739,726, as against $1,806,278,241 in 1900, an increase of $370,461,485, or 20.5 per cent. As shown by the spe- cial report on iron and steel, the value of the products of the blast furnace industry in 1905 was .?231,822,707; of steel works and rolling mills, $673,965,026; and of the remaining industries in the group, $1,270,951,993. Map lO. — Iron and steel — value of products per square mile: 1905. hJi--- I I Less than S 10 to a square mile ^^ S 100 to 1000 to a square mile $ 10 to 100 to a siiuare mUe ^S3 $1000 and over DiAOR.iM 13.— IRON AND STEEL— VALUE OF PRODUCTS BY STATES: 1905. PENNSYLVANIA OHIO ILLINOIS NEW YORK ALABAMA NLW JERSEY INDIANA WEST VIRGINIA MASSACHUSETTS WISCONSIN MARYLAND MICHIGAN KENTUCKY CONNECTICUT VIRGINIA TENNESSEE MISSOURI DELAWARE CALIFORNIA OEORQIA MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 200 240 2 BO Iron and steel. — The manufacture of pig iron is the foundation of all the industries in the group. Of the 30,582,857 tons of iron ore consumed in the iron and steel industry, 30,032,802 tons, or 08.2 per cent, were used in blast furnaces, and 549,995 tons, or 1.8 per cent, in steel works and rolling mills. Hence the value of the blast furnace products is substantially that of the basic product, which appears again and again as 1 material through successive stages of manufacture and remanufacture, in the various industries of this group and in many of the other industries. The pig iron product at the census of 1900 amounted to 14,447,791 tons, and at the census of 1905, to 16,623,625 tons, an increase of 2,175,834 tons, or 15.1 per cent. During the decade from 1890 to 1900 the quantity increased 5,602,606 tons, or 63.3 per cent. RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. cli In rolling mill products thero has been a considerable increase in the manufacture of boiler and other plates and sheets, wire rods, hoops, bands, cotton ties, skelp, and rolled blooms, slabs, billets, and tin plate bars. At tire census of 1905 as compared with that of 1900 the quantity of steel rails manufactured decreased 56,752 tons, or 2.5 per cent, although the value in- creased $11,734,071, or 25.2 per ceut. In 1900 com- pared with 1890 the quantity of steel rails increased 39(),595 tons, or 21.4 per cent, and the value decreased $13,770,596, or 22. S per cent. In considering the statistics of the hon and steel industry for the years 1900 and 1905, it should be borne in mind that the &st half of the year 1904 was a period of general business depression, which seriously affected the industry and is reflected in the returns for the census of 1905, which covered the calendar year 1904. On the other hand, the census of 1900 covered a year of business activity and expansion. The combining of iron and steel with wood or other material in many lines of industry, as in the manufac- ture of agricultural implements, steam and sail vessels, carriages, wagons, and automobiles, makes it impossi- ble to compile statistics that will fully portray the mag- nitude and importance of the iron and steel indi:stry. Iron and steel forms a considerable proportion of the products of a number of the indistries assigned in Table 1 to some one of the 13 other groups. In fact, there is practically no' indi:stry to which iron and steel does not contribute, either as machinery, or as compo- nent parts of the products. The extensive manufacture, as subsidiary products, by rolling mills of the higher grades of products, which were formerly almost altogether made as specialties by independent establishments that did not manufacture the basic material, makes it impossible to present com- plete statistics of capital, employees, wages, etc., inci- dent to the manufacture of some of the most important iron and steel products. The number of inquiries upon the iron and steel schedule were increased in 1890 to cover a number of products not enumerated previously. The inquiries were further extended in 1900, and still further at the census of 1905, so that at the last-named cens;:s most of the chief manufactures of rolling mills were specified. The subsidiary products reported by rolling mill establishments and the classifications in which they appear as principal products when made by establish- ments other than rolling mills are as follows : Subsidiary products reported by steel works and rolling mills. Agricultural Implements Cast iron gas and water pipe; soil and plumlicrs', otc, pipe. Copper rods Copper wire Cut nails and cut spikes. . Gray iron and malleable castings . Horse and mule shoes Iron and steel bolts, nuts, rivets, forged spikes, washers, etc. I ron and steel seamless drawn, clinched , brazed, etc., pipe or tubes. Iron and steel springs— car, carriage, furniture, and all other.. Iron and»steel wire Iron and steel wire nails. How classified when made as a principal product by establishments other than steel works and rolling mills. Iron and steel wrought pipe or tubes . Machinery, etc Ordnance :. Other wire products Screws Shovels, spades, scoops, etc. Stamped ware Agricultural Implements. ! oundry and machine shop products. D rass and copper, rolled. Wire. Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought. Including wire nails, not made in rolling mills or steel works. r oundry and machine shop products. Horseshoes. Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, washers, and rivi ts, not made In rolling mills or steel works. Iron and steel pipe, wrought. Springs, steel, car and carriage. M'ire. Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails, not made in rolling mills or steel works. Iron and steel pipe, wrought. Foundry and machine shop products. Ordnance and ordnance stores. Wirework, including wire rope and cable. Saws. Screws, machine: scrtws, wood. Tools, not elsewhere specified. Stamped ware. Coffer rods and copper wire. — Rolling mills manu- factured 1,406 short tons of copper rods, valued at $463,057, and 25,966 short tons of copper wire, valued at $7,252,917, as returned at the census of 1905. In ad- dition, copper and brass wire, rods, etc., to the valve of $19,789,507 were made by establishments classified under ' 'wire." This product was almost wholly copper wire. An unascertained quantity was made in estab- lishments classified as "brass and copper, rolled." Cutlery and edge tools. — This classification includes such articles as knives, razors, scissors, shears, axes, augers, gimlets, swords, meat choppers, turpentine hooks, pullers, scrapers, oyster knives, planes, etc. At the census of 1810 products of this character were reported from 3 states. "Augers and bits" were manufactured in Maine to the value of $2,000; Penn- sylvania reported "cutlers" and "planes" with an aggregate value of $132,360; and Virginia reported "swords" and "augers" valued at .$13,805. At the census of 1840 cutlery and edge tools were probably in- clii MANUFACTURES. eluded in the tabulation of "hardware, cutlery, etc." Table lxxxviii shows the industry as reported at the censuses of 18.50, 1860, and 1870. Table LXXXVIII. — Comparative summary — cutlery and edge tools: 1850 to 1870. 1870 Number of establishments 184 Capital I S4, 127, 547 Wage-earners, average number 4,428 Total wages S2, 131, 758 Cost of materials use 1 81, 624, 043 Value of products .S5, 622, 801 The census of 1850 demonstrated the fact that the manufacture of "cutlery and edge tools" was even then quite an extensive industry. The census of 1860 showed separately the statistics for 51 establishments engaged in the manufacture of "cutlery;" 166 in the manufacture of "edge tools and axes;" and 33 in the manufacture of "carpenters' tools." These 3 classifi- cations were combined and the total placed in compari- son with the classification "cutlery and edge tools" at the censuses of 1850 and 1870. Except for a slight decrease in the wage-earners, wages, materials, and products during the decade ending in 1890, there has been a steady growth in the industry, as shown by the totals for each census to and including that of 1905. Files. — A separate tabulation for files was shown for the first time at the census of 1870. The classification covers all varieties of files and rasps. In 1870, 121 establishments were engaged in the man- ufacture, employing 1,581 wage-earners with products valued at $1,649,394. The greatest number of estab- lishments was returned at the census of 1880, when there were 179; only 62 were shown at the census of 1905. The greatest increase in the number of wage- earners occurred during the decade ending in 1880. In 1905 the wage-earners numbered 3,276, an increase of 116, or 3.7 per cent over 1900. The A^alue of products has increased steadily, amounting to $4,391,745 in 1905. Foundry and machine shop products.- — Next to the manufacture of iron and steel the products of the foun- dries and machine shops are the most important in the group. Their value exceeded that for every other in- dustry, except blast furnaces, steel works and rolling mills, and "slaughtering and meat packing, whole- sale." The industry gave employment to a larger number of wage-earners than any other except "lum- ber and timber products," for which, at the census of 1905, 404,626 were reported compared with 348,380 in foundiy and machine shops. The statistics for this industry probably represent a greater variety of products than that covered by any other classification. Some of the more important prod- ucts are textile and other mill machinery, engines and boilers, hoisting and conveying machinery, and metal and wood working machinery of every description. The value of the products of metal working machinery alone amounted to $32,408,766 for the census of 1905. The great variety of products manufactured by the large machine shops makes it impossible to obtain a satisfactory segregation of the statistics for even the most important classes. The following list gives some of the products reported by the foundries and machine shops at the census of 1905. The classification does not include the entire production of all of these products, as some of them are manufactured by establishments included in other in- dustrial groups. PARTIAL LIST OF PRODUCTS INCLUDED IN THE CLASSIFICATION, " FOUNDRY AND MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS:" 1905. Adv,ertising signs. Air compressors. Air tanks. Anvils. Automobile engines. Bake ovens. Bakers' machinery. Ball bearings. Bar fittings. Biscuit cutters. Blowers. Boiler cleaners. Boilers. Bookbinding machinery. Boot and shoe machinery. Boring machines. Bottle washing machinery. Brake beams. Brewers' machinery. Brick machinery. Butchers' machinery. Canning machinery. Car wheels. Castings. Cement lined water pipes. Chain belting. Check protectors. Cigar'machinery. Clamps. Clay tempering machines. Cob crushers. Confectioners' machinery. Coffee and spice, roasting grinding machinery. Conveying machines. Cooperage machinery. Couplings. Cracker machines. Cranes. Cream separators. Derricks. Dies. Dish washing machinery. Drying frames. Dumb-waiters. Ejectors. Electric car trucks. Elevator doors. Elevators. Envelope machines. Etching machines. Evaporating machinery. Exca\ating machinery. and Fan forges. Feeding and watering appli- ances. Fertilizer pulverizers. Filters. Fire engines. Fire escapes. Fire extinguishing apparatus. Fire hydrants. Flue blowers. Folding machines. Folding pails. Frames. Furnaces lor steam l)uilers. Furriers' machinery. Gas engines. Gas holders. Gasoline motors. Gear wheels. Grain cleaning machinery. Grain handling machinery. Grinders. Hair machines. Hand drills. Hat machinery. Hay carriers. Heaters. Hoisting engines and apparatus. Hydraulic presses. Ice breakers. Ice cream freez(>rs. Injectors. Ink machinery. Insulating machinery. Iron beds. Iron chairs. Iron flasks. Iron gates and ornaments. Iron posts. Iron and wire screens. Jacketed kettles. Jack screws. Jacquard attachments. Jewelers' machines. Kettles. Knife grinders. Knitting machinery. Labeling machinery. Laundry machinery. Ijawn mowers. Lightning rods. Looms and loom fixtures. Loopers. RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. cliii napping ma- Lnbricators. Machine knive^. Machine wool combs. Mailing machinery. Manhole doors. Marine engines. Mtal mills. Mrat mixers. ]iIi'rry-go-ronnds. Mrtal beds. Metal furniture. Metallic packing chines. Metal saw tables. Metal working machinery. Milling machines. ^Molding cutters. Molding machinery. Music stands. Oilcloth machinei'y. Paint machinery. Paper bag machinery. Paper box machinery. Paper mill machinery. Parcel conveyors. Planes. Plated metal work. Pneumatic tools. Power transmission machinery. Pressor dies. Propeller wheels. Pulleys of all kinds. Pumps. Punches. Radiators. Railroad switch appliances. Road machinery. Sausage stuffers. Scouring machines. Shafting. Shear knives. Sheet metal. Shoe racks. Shuttles. Slot machines. Smokestacks. Stamping machines. Staples. Stationary engines. Steam hammers. Steam rollers. Steel pans. Steel tires. Stencil machines. Stove trimmings. Street sweeping machines. Sugar machinery. Swages. Tackle blocks. Tanks. Tanning machinery. Textile machinery. Tile making machinery. Tobacco cutters. Tolioggans. Tools. Traction engines. Trucks. Trunk racks. Turbines. Type casting and setting ma- chines. Valves. Vending machines. Vises. A\'all paper trimmers. "Warping machines. Water meters. ^\"eather vanes. White metal wrapping machines. Wire trays. '\\'ood working machinery. Many of these articles are manufactured in estab- lishments where their production is a specialtj^, and it would be possible to make a separate compilation of the statistics. There are, however, comparatively few, if any, for which such a compilation would show the total production. Under these conditions it is not strictly correct to speak of the classification "foundry and machine shop products" as the classification of a distinct industry. It is more properly a collection of industries. The sta- tistics probably cover to a greater extent than any other classification the production of articles included in other classifications, such, for example, as agricul- tural implements; electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies; hardware, etc. The heterogeneous character of the classification is acknowledged, and a partial seg- regation was made at the census of 1905 by the separa- tion of the statistics for "locomotives" and "stoves and furnaces." The quantities and values of the dif- ferent metal working machines and machine tools are also shown separately. It may be possible at future censuses to make a further segregation of the statistics. Statistics for products similar to those included in this classification were first presented in the report on manufactures for the census of ISIO. Some of the principal products enumerated at that census are given in the following list, which shows the limited character of the industry at that early date: Boring mills. ColTee mills. Hand cards. Hydraulic engines. Hydrostatic machines. Labor saving machinery. Looms for textile manufactures. | The following is a partial list of the products re- ported at the census of 1870; Patent hat looms. Printing presses. Spinning wheels. Water turning machinery. ^^'heel irons. Wire cards. Agricultural castings. Architectural castings. Belt hooks. Bleaching machines. Bobbins and spools. Boot and shoe machinery. Braiding machines. Caloric engines. Car wheels. Cider mills. Cooking ranges. Cotton gins and presses. Drying machines. Elevators. Flyers. Gristmills. Hand cards. Hollow ware. Hot air furnaces. Iron planes. Knitting machines. Lathes. Locomotive engines. Loom harnesses. Loom pickers. Looms. Machine castings. Malleable iron castings. Miscellaneous castings. Mules. Oil tanks. Paper engines. Pegging machines. Portable steam engines. Printing machines. Printing presses. Reeds, Ring travelers. Rivet machines. Rolls. Sawmills. Shuttles. Smut machines. Speeders. Spindles. Spinning frames. Spinning machines. Stationary engines. Steam fire engines. Steam gauges. Steam pumps. Stoves. Sugar mills. Tobacco machines and presses. Water wheels. Wood pulp machinery. Woodworking machinery. Wool pickers. It is probable that at the earlier censuses the statis- tics did not cover all of the products now included in the classification, but the figures for 1860 and 1870 are sufficiently harmonious to indicate the growth of the manufacture and are given in Table lxxxix. Table LXXXIX. — Coviparalivc summary— foundry and machine shop products: 1870 and 1860. Number of establishments 5, 551 Capital . . . .■ : S168, 762, 558 Wage-earners, average number 134, 819 Total wages. Cost of materials used . Value of products S76,702,796 S108, 646, 193 t238, 362, 464 1860 2 795 $60, 209', 034 67,201 826,123,762 $36,687,083 $88, 019, 299 The statistics for "foundry and machine shop prod- ucts" presented in the above table are compiled from the classifications "iron, cast," and "machinery," as cliv MANUFACTURES. reported in 1860 and 1870. The statistics for 1860, however, were revised in 1870 and presented in com- parison with the two industries as reported at that census. The decrease indicated by a comparison of the figures for 1S70 in the above table with those for 1880 in Table 1 is due probably to the reclassification in 1880 of the products that were grouped as "miscel- laneous and repairing" in 1870. This item aggre- gated $80,444,614, and probably some establishments covered by it were assigned to other classes of industry at the census of 1880. The statistics given in Table 1 for the censuses of 1890, 1900, and 190.5 cover, so far as possible, the same class of products as those included in the classi- fication at the census of 1880. The total for each census shows a constant increase, the largest actual increase being reported for the decade ending in 1900, when the value of products increased $2.31,259,098, or 56 per cent. Hardware. — Of the industries closely allied to "foundry and machine shop products," the manufac- ture of general hardware ranks first in value of prod- ucts, which are of a wide range. Some of the articles included in the classification in 1905 are given in the following list: Andirons. Automobile horns. Bicycle oilers. Bicycle pumps. Bird cage springs. Bolts. Brass drapery chains. Cabinet hardware. Candle sliades. Car hardware. Carriage drop forgings. Carriage mountings. Casket hardware. Chain blocks. Clips. Coffee mills. Copper spoons. Curtain brackets. Curtain rods. Door locks. Egg beaters. Fancy furniture nails. Fireplace goods. Furniture casters. Furniture trimmings. Hinges. Ice skates. Knobs. Melal match safes. Molding hooks. Nail clippers. Office hardware. (!)rgaii hardware. Padlocks. Piano hardware. Picture hooks. Rivets. Roller skates. Sash weights. Stationers' hardware. Trunk trimmings. Window springs. A number of these products are similar to those made in machine shop.s, and some of the establish- ments included in the class of "foundry and machine shop products" make many of these articles as sub- sidiary products. Hardware was first specified as a separate industry in the census of 1840, when it was shown under the classification "hardware, cutlery, etc.," and the value of products amoimted to $6,451,967. Since the cen- sus of 1850 the industry has been uniformly reported as "hardware." The totals for 1850, 1860, and 1870 are given in Table xc. Table XC. — Cotnparaliw summary — hardware: 1850 to 1870. Number of establishments Capital Wage-earners, average number Total wages Cost ol materials used Value of products 1870 580 S13, 869, 315 14, 236 S6, 845, 640 39, 188, 064 $23,237,329 1860 443 $6,707,000 10, 721 S3, 443, 664 $4, 402, 958 $10,903,106 1850 340 83,539,026 7,030 SI, 973, 904 83,015,688 86,9.57,770 This summary and Table 1 show that there has been a constant increase in the industry. The value of products for 1905 was more than six times as great as that for 1850. The number of establishments de- creased from 580 in 1870 to 350 in 1890 but since then has been gradually increasing. The 340 establish- ments reported at the census of 1850 were distributed throughout 16 states, but the industry was largely concentrated in Connecticut and New York. At the census of 1860 the 443 establishments were located in 19 states and the 580 returned at the census of 1870 were distributed in 20 states. Hardware, saddlery. — The manufacture of snaps, check hooks, harness chains, and all metallic trim- mings employed in the manufacture of harness and saddles are included under this classification. The census of 1870 returned 155 establishments en- gaged in the manufacture of these products, with 2,566 wage-earners and products valued at $3,227,123. In 1880 the establishments decreased to 64; the num- ber of wage-earners increased 249, or 9.7 per cent; and the value of products increased to $3,651,021, or 13.1 per cent. The fluctuation in the number of estab- lishments reported in the different censuses is due undoubtedly to changes in classification, it being im- possible in many cases to determine whether the estab- lishments should be included in this industrj' or classed with "hardware" or some other of the metal indus- tries. The statistics given in Table 1 are reasonably consistent and indicate a constant, though not a rapid, increase in the industry. HorscsliocH. — Horseshoes were made formerlv by establishments devoted primarily to their production, but now are manufactured chiefly in rolling mills. From Table 1 it appears that the value of products of establishments other than rolling mills, engaged in the manufacture of horseshoes decreased from .11,110,032 at the census of 1890 to $798,981 at the census of 1905. But there were 68,594 tons of horseshoes, valued at $5,483,137, reported by rolling mill establishments in 1905, making a total of $6,282,118 as the value of such products, exclusive of those made in the small black- smith shops. These products include shoes for mules and oxen. KELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. civ Iron and steel, nails and spiJces. — The manufacture of iron and steel nails and spikes by establishments not e(|uipped for the manufacture of hot rolled iron and steel is shown as a separate industry in Tables 1, 3, and 5, and the statistics would indicate that there has been a constant decrease in this branch of the industry since 1890. This decrease is due to the fact that the bulk of these products are now made in rolling mills. The wire nail has, to a large extent, taken the place of the cut nail, and the major portion of the wire nail product is included in the rolling mill statistics. Table xci presents the statistics for the manufac- ture of nails in rolling mills for 1900 and 1905. Table XCI. — ComparalUe snminary — manufacture of nails in rolling mills: 1905 and 1900. Total: I Kegs of 100 pounds 10,373,061 Value I 519,889,470 Cut nails — Kegs of 100 pounds 1 , 311 , ,149 Value S3, 394, 108 Kegs of 100 pounds ' 9,061,512 Value : $17,495,362 Table XCII. Total value . Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire naUs, not made in rolling mills or steel works ' s. 922, 896 Wire nails made as a by-product of the wire in- dustry I I 4,017,830 Nails made in rolling mills ] 19, 889 , 470 (■■) 15, 737 1 Not reported separately. The above tables illustrate the necessity of consider- ing all industries in which specific products occur in order to ascertain the extent of the manufacture. Foi- example, the $8,922,896 shown as the value of products for establishments in which nails were the product of chief value formed only 27.2 per cent of the value of all nails manufactured during the census year 1905. Iron and steel pipe, wrought. — The production of iron and steel wrought pipe or tubes by rolling mill estab- lishments at the census of 1905 amounted to 849,047 tons with an aggregate value of 143,985,728. There was also manufactured a large amount of wrought pipe or tubes by establishments which purchased the skelp, and this appears in the classification "iron and steel pipe, wrought , ' ' the products of which aggregate •? 17, 400, 912. Of this latter amount, $15,542,530 represents the value of the products of 12 establishments purchasing skelp 1900 6,261,463 $15,737,159 1,668,443 $3,292,063 4,603,010 812,445,096 Table xcu summarizes the statistics for all classes of nails and accounts for the entire production irrespective of the character of the establishment where manufac- tured. -Comparative summary — all classes of nails: 1905 and 1900. 1905 i 1900 S32,830,19G ' S30, 514. 4.".s and making wrought pipe or tubes, and the remaining $1,858,382 was the A'alue of seamless-drawn, clinched, brazed, riveted, etc., pipes or tubes made by 15 non- rolling mill establishments. The total value of all iron and steel wrought pipe or tubes (not including seam- less-drawn, clinched, brazed, etc.), whether made in rolling mills or other establishments, was, therefore, $59,528,25S; and the- totiil quantity, estimated on the basis of the average price per ton of the rolling mill products, approximately 1,149,000 tons. If the statistics of the industry classified as "iron and steel pipe, wrought," alone were considered, it would appear that since 1890 there has been a steady decline, as the value of the production was $37,906,801 in that year, $21,292,043 in 1900, and $17,400,912 in 1905. In 1905, 8 rolling mills reported iron or steel seamless- drawn, clinched, brazed, etc., pipe or tubes aggregating 20,636 tons, valued at $2,290,234. If this amount be added to the value of like products made by establish- ments other than rolling mills, it makes a total value of $4,148,616. Iron castings. — The bulk of the iron castings will be found under "foundry and machine shop products," but in 1905 there were reported by steel works and roll- ing mills 3,782 short tons of cast iron pipe and 42,862 short tons of gray iron and malleable castings with an aggregate value of $2,569,792. The production of cast .iron gas, water, soil, and plumbers', etc., pipe, and iron and malleable castings made by foundry establish- ments can not be segregated from the rest of the foun- dry and machine shop products. Locomotives. — The statistics for the manufacture of "locomotives," which are included in the total for "foundry and machine shop products" in Table 1, are presented separately in Table xciii. Table XCIII. — Comparative summary — locomotives: 1890 to 1905. Number of establishments Capital Wage-earners, average number Total wages Cost oJ materials used Value of products 1905 15 $38,421,048 24, 806 S15,798,432 827, 702, 930 S59, 552, 092 1900 840,813,793 19, 039 $10,899,614 $20,174,395 $35,209,048 1890 19 $24,516,574 15,678 $8,697,488 813,338,742 824,922,756 The statistics in this table represent the establish- ments devoted exclusively to the manufacture of loco- motives or those in which locomotives constituted the predominating product. They do not, however, include 14S locomotives reported at the census of 1905 as manufactured in the repair shops of steam railroad companies. The statistics for 1890 and 1900 are re- produced from a special report on the manufacture of locomotives at the census of 1900. As indicated by the number of wage-earners, value of products, and other items, the industry has increased rapidlj^ since 1890. clvi MANUFACTURES. In connection with the domestic production it is instructive to consider the number and value of loco- motives exported. Table XCIV. — Number and valve of locomotives exported: 1870 to 1905. YEAE. Number. Value. YEAR. Number. Value. 1905 453 504 289 365 423 13,617,010 5,261,422 3,219,778 3,257,894 4,0.39,006 1900 625 161 60 25 J5, 592, 403 1904 1890 1,280,606 1903 1880. . 466, 313 1902 1901 1870 341,794 The greatest increase in exports occurred in the decade from 1890 to 1900, when the number increased from 161 to 525, and the value from $1,280,606 to $5,592,403. Ordnance and ordnance stores. — The manufacture of 1,594 tons of ordnance with an aggregate value of $988,804 was reported by steel works and rolling mills, and products valued at $557,90.3 by establish- ments classified as "ordnance and ordnance stores," making a total of .§1,546,707. The manufacture of ordnance, however, is confined chiefly to governmental establishments. Saws. — The statistics for the manufacture of saws represent hand and power saws of all varieties. Saws were among the earliest metal products of the United States. At the censuses of 1810 and 1820 they vrere reported from Pennsylvania, their value at the former being $19,700, and at the latter, $20,600. But in subsequent censuses up to and including 1850 no men- tion is made of saws, and it is supposed that the indus- try was represented by the classification "hardware, cutlery, etc." The totals for the censuses of 1860 and 1870 are given in Table xcv. Table XCV. — Comparative summary — saivs: 1870 and 1860. 1S70 Number of establishments 72 Capital invested S2, 883, 391 Wage-earners, average number 1, 595 Total wages S995 , 609 Cost of materials used ?1,, 332, 891 Value of products l S3, 175, 289 1860 42 8770,200 759 S281,392 S583, 123 51,237,063 With the exception of a decrease in number of establishments betvvecii 1900 and 1905, there has been a constant increase in the industry since 1860. Springs, sttel, car and carriage. — In 1905 the iron and steel springs for cars, carriages, furniture, etc., made in 9 rolling mills amounted to 22,022 tons, valued at $1,708,632. The value of products of the establishments not equipped for the manufacture of steel and hot rolled iron and .steel was $5,740,836. Therefore the total value of the iron and steel springs, not including those manufactured as subsidiary prod- ucts in the foundry and machine shop industry was $7,449,468. Slainped wart, iiKichlncrtj, and tools. — The rolling mill establishments reported $292,923 for stamped ware, $1,269,675 for machinery, and $410,500 for shovels, spades, scoops, etc.; these amounts should be added to the value of products reported in the several industries entitled " stamped ware," "foundry and machine shop products," and " tools, not elsewhere specified," respectively, to approximate the total production for each class of products. Steam fittings and heating apparatus. — This classifi- cation includes all establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of steam and hot water heating apparatus — steam gauges, steam valves, steam traps, and steam couplers — as well as pipe fittings, ventila- ting and car heating apparatus, lubricating devices, safety valves, oil cups, and other similar devices. The principal materials used are pig and scrap iron, both malleable and cast, sheet copper, brass, tin, and iron and steel pipes and plates. Some of the estab- lishments manufacturing steam fittings and heating apparatus also use hemp, canvas, rubber, and asbestos as materials and manufacture, as by-products, packing, packing rings, and piston packing; brass castings and other brass goods, which properly come within the domain of brassware, are also manufactured in some instances. The industry was first mentioned .at the census of 1860, when it was covered by the three classifications — "steam and gas fittings and valves," "steam heaters and heating machines," and "steam water gauges." In 1870 the single classification "heating apparatus" covered the subject. Since then the present classifi- cation, "steam fittings and heating apparatus," has obtained. Table xcvi is a comparative summary, which pre- sents the statistics for the industry as reported at the censuses of 1860 and 1870. Table Xf'VI. — Comparative summary — steam fittings and healing apparatus: 1870 and 1860. IMTO Number of establishment:^ ' 59 Capital SI , fi05, 830 Wage-earners, average number 1 , 141 Total wages Sy53, 516 Cost of materials u.sed i SI , 424, 345 Value of product- | S3, 435^ 150 1800 2S 8506,500 665 8200,232 ?3fi7 262 SI, 029, 360 At the census of 1905 New York, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts contained 89 establishments, or more than half of the number in the entire industry, and their products amounted to $14,948,090, or 60 per cent of the total value of products. Steam and hot water radiators and boilers are man- ufactured frequently by establishments of the class included in the Census reports under "foundrv and machine shop products . ' ' Therefore the two industries are closely allied, and the statistics for " steam fittings and heating apparatus" should not be accepted as representing the totals for all products of this class. Stoves and furnaces, not including gas and oil stoves.— The statistics for these products are shown separately RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. clvii in Tables 3 and 5, but for purposes of comparison are combined with "foundry and machine shop products" in Table 1. In 1850 stoves and ranges were made in 13 states, in which a total of 230 establishments manufactured a product valued at $6,124,748. At the census of 1860 there were 327 establishments located in 15 states, em- ploying 8,366 wage-earners and with annual products valued at $11,498,260. No comparative statistics are available for 1S70, l-«80, 1S90, and 1900, the prod- ucts for these censuses being merged either wholly or in part in other foundry and machine shop products. In 1905 the statistics for the industry were again re- ported separately, and show 415 establishments with products valued at •'?54,409,108. Sfnidural ironwoi-l-. — The manufacture of structural iron is one of the important features in the develop- ment of the iron and steel industries. Building operations have never been thoroughly cov- ered in the Census reports, but they have heretofore been represented in part by the mechanical trades, such as masonry, carpentering, plumbing, etc. The exclu- sion of the mechanical trades from the census of 1905 eliminates statistics pertaining to the erection of build- ings, the construction of docks and canals, the grading and construction of roads, excavating, etc., but the materials used in some of these operations, which are largely the products of factories, were reported. They consist principally of lumber, iron, steel, stone, glass, and clay products. The substitution of iron and steel for wood in the erection of buildings and bridges and in the construction of vessels and cars, etc., accounts in part for the rapid increase in this industry. Builders' iron, structural shapes, beams, girders, etc., are manufactured to a considerable extent in rolling mills. Table xcvii shows the totals for this class of products as reported by steel works and rolling mills at the censuses of 1900 and 1905. Table XCVII. — Coinparnlive summary — manufacture of structural beams, girders, etc., by sled works and rolling mills: 1905 and 1900. 190.5 1900 Total: Tons 964,637 832,730,901 85(i 983 Iron- 4,475 $145,200 331,671 ?1 1,089, 170 618,391 S21, 496,531 27,091 SI, 061, 656 263, 800 S8, 381, 717 666, 092 $19,928,249 Bessemer steel— Open-hearth steel— Similar products are also manufactured to some ex- tent by the establishments included in the classification "structural ironwork" shown in Table 1, but the ma- jority of the products in this group consists of the cut- ting, punching, bending, and assembling of the structural shapes, and the manufacture of railings, fire- proof doors, hre escapes, gratings, metal shingles, steel ceilings, roofing, etc. Tools, not elsewhere specified. — This classification was first used at the census of 1880 and includes tools that can not be assigned to any of the specific classifica- tions, such as "cutlery and edge tools," "saws," "files." It embraces the manufacture of shovels, spades, bakers' tools, crochet hooks, diamond glass cutters,; drills, dentists' tools, garment workers' tools, knitting pins, polishing wheels, pipe wrenches and cutters, pressing irons, posthole diggers, stone tools, spirit levels, steel punches, etc. These products are often found as subsidiary prod- ucts of other industries. For example, agricultural im- plement manufacturers reported at the census of 1905 the manufacture of spades, shovels, scoops, picks, husking pins, post hole diggers, hammers, hay convej-- ing forks, wrenches, etc. Prior to the census of 1880 these products were distributed among various classi- fications, according to their use or the material from which the}' were constructed. The totals given in Table 1, with the exception of the number of establishments, indicate a rapid increase, but the products are of such a miscellaneous character that it is by no means certain that the same class has been uniformly included at the various censuses. Wwe and wirework. — The manufacture of "wire" and of "wirework, including wire rope and cable," are shown as distinct classes of industries in Table 3. The former represents the manufacture of wire from iron and steel rods, and brass, copper, lead, and tin bars, and also the remanufacture of wire into galvan- ized wire, barbed wire, fence wire, cables, insulated wire, and various other wires. Wirework, including wire rope and cable, includes the manufacture of woven wire and wire fencing, rat traps, bird cages, hat frames, guards and railings, mats and matting, screens, springs, and numerous other articles in which wire is the principal material. Some of the establish- ments in the latter class draw the wire and manufac- ture the finished articles, but as a rule the wire is ob- tained from the establishments included in the classi- fication "wire." In his report to Congress in 1791 on the manufactures of the country, Alexander Hamilton, then Secretary of the Treasury, referred to the fact that "copper and brass wires, particularly utensils for distillers, sugar refiners, and brewers," were among the manufactures of considerable importance. Although at the census of ISIO Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania each reported a wire-drawing establishment, there is no evidence that wire was drawn to any great extent in this country prior to the census of 1870. It was about this time that barbed wire was first manufactured. A separate classification was first given to this in- dustry at the census of 1850, when it was shown as "wire" and "wire and wireworkers." At the census clviii MANUFACTURES. of 1860 it was reported as "wire," "wire cloth," "wire rope," and " wirework, sieves and bird cages, etc." At the census of 1870 it was sliown as "insulated wire" and "wirework." The statistics for the three censuses are shown in Table xcviii. Table XCVIII. — Comparative svinin-ai'ij — wire andmreworh, includ- ing ivirc rope and cable : 1850 to 1870. Number of establishments i 175 Capital j S4, 200, 700 Wage-earners, average number 4, 270 Total wages I SI, 802, 617 Cost of materials used I S4, 512, 891 Value of products _ _ ' S8, 017, 625 91 S992, 263 1,328 8425,964 $1,417,460 $2,612,161 1850 83 $537,725 676 S208, 128 $534,548 SI, 033, 249 The statistics show a substantial development of the combined industries. The greatest increase ap- pears for the census of 1905 as compared with that of 1900, and is due primarily to the production of copper wire which was stimulated by the rapid growth of the electric industries. To show the large proportions that the wire indus- try has assumed, it is necessary to consider not only the products of rolling and other mills marketed in the form of wire, but that which is marketed in the more finished forms, barbed wire, field fencing, poultry net- ting, hay and bale ties, and wire nails as well. In 1905 there were manufactured by rolling mills 1,416,494 short tons of wire produced as such or in the form of wire products, fencing, netting, wire nails, etc., with an aggregate value of $67,551,443, as against a total of 809,745 short tons in 1900 with a value of $47,728,784. In addition, wire-drawing mills not classified as steel works and rolling mills, made from purchased wire rods, iron and steel wire and wire products to the value of $15,802,51.3 in 1905 and $5,142,603 in 1900. The aggregate value of the wire production in 1905 was therefore $SS,353,956, as com- pared with $52,871,387 in 1900, an increase of 57.7 jper cent. LUMBER AND ITS REMANUFACTURES. The lumber mill with its adjunct, the logging or timber camp, forms the basic industry of this group, which includes 25 industries shown separately in Table 3. Diagram 14.— LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS— VALUE BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5. MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 35 40 Washington wisconsin michigan louisiana minnesota pennsylvania arkansas mississippi tennessee california MAINE TEXAS ALABAMA NORTH CAROLINA WEST VIRGINIA INDIANA KENTUCKY GEORGIA NEW YORK VIRGINIA OHIO OREGON MISSOURI FLORIDA NEW HAMPSHIRE ILLINOIS SOUTH CAROLINA VERMONT IOWA MASSACHUSETTS MONTANA IDAHO MARYLAND COLORADO CONNECTICUT NEW MEXICO NEW JERSEY ARIZONA INDIAN TERRITORY DELAWARE WYOMING RHODE ISLAND SOUTH DAKOTA ALASKA UTAH BS^^ ^^ RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. clix Map 1 1 . — Lumber and timber vroducts— value per square mile: 1905. I I Less than S 10 to a square mile 6 100 to 1000 to a square mile ^^ 8 10 to 100 to a square ni'lle ^^ $1000 and over At the census of 1905 the group ranked second in the number of establishments; fifth in capital, exclu- sive of , capital invested in timber lands or standing timber, and fourth with this item included; third in number of wage-earners employed and in wages paid, but second in number of men wage-earners employed; sixth in total cost of materials used; and fourth in value of products. In value of products the group increased from $1,009,778,057 in 1900 to $1,223,730,336 in 1905, a gain of $213,952,279, or 21.2 per cent. Some of the industries, which for various reasons have been assigned to other groups, find the bulk of their material in the products of the lumber industry and are therefore essentially lumber consuming indus- tries. Prominent among this class are the manufac- tures of carriages and wagons, carriage and wagon materials, children's carriages and sleds, steam and street railway cars and general shop construction, shipbuilding, and wheelbarrows. The manufactures of agricultural implements, musical instruments, and automobiles are typical of another class of industries among whose materials lumber is an indispensable factor, although not a predominating one. Another class of industries in which lumber enters as a material, in a diminished though still important de- gree, includes the manufacture of brooms and brushes, flags and banners, phonographs and graphophones, pencils, toys and games, sporting goods, windmills, and professional and scientific instruments. In short, there are few industries in the realm of manufacture which in some form and at some stage do not draw upon the products of the lumber industry to contribute to their finished, marketable products, but by far the greater part of the product is utilized in the vast build- ing industries not included in the census of 1905. Artificial limbs. — While wood is not the only mate- rial of which these products are made, it forms the material of chief importance in the majority of them. MFG — PT 1 — 07 xi The first Census statistics concerning the industry appear in the reports of the census of 1850. The sta- tistics for each subsequent census indicate a steady development and growth in the manufacture, with the exception of 1880, when the value of products showed a decrease from 1870. Artificial substitutes for limbs were considerably used for a long time prior to 1860, as shown by the rec- ords of the United States Patent Office, but the manu- facture hardly rose to the dignity of a factory industry. Indeed, at the present time, with the exception of a few of the large establishments, the manufacture is carried on in small shops employing few workmen. The manufacture of artificial limbs received a strong impetus from the Civil War, and the later action of Congress by which all Federal soldiers afflicted with the loss of a limb were allowed an artificial substitute. The statistics for the censuses of 1850, 1860, and 1870 are summarized in Table xcix. Table XCIX. — Comparative summary — artificial limbs: 1850 to s 1870. Number o£ establishments Capital Wage-Earners, average number Total wages Cost of materials used Value of products 1870 1860 24 5 8122,300 $35,000 78 39 $36,079 $23,544 869,894 $10,050 $166, 416 $53,000 1850 3 $2,700 15 $5,880 $1,400 $14,300 Billiard tahles and materials. — Bagatelle tables, bowling balls and fixtures, as well as billiard tables, cues, chalk, and billiard balls are included under this classification. These products are similar to many included under the classification "furniture," and the statistics should be considered in connection with those for that industry. No reference to the industry is made in the published reports of any census prior to 1860. However, examination of the schedules for the census of 1850 shows that there were manufacturers of billiard tables in Ne-.v York and Boston at that time. If statistics were collected for the industry at the Seventh and prior censuses they were probably in- cluded under other classifications. The totals for the censuses of 1860 and 1870 are given in Table c. Table C. — Comparative summary — billiard tables and materials: 1870 and 1860. Number of establishments Capital Wage-earners, average number Total wages Cost of materials used Value of products 1870 39 $805,000 505 $383,768 $6.TO,864 $1,692,943 1860 25 $289,100 302 $140,566 $343,868 $739,900 That the industry was well established some time be- fore 1860 is indicated by the fact that its product was valued at more than two-thirds of a million dollars at that census. During the succeeding ten years, the manufacture of billiard tables, according to the figures clx MANUFACTURES. for 1870, more than doubled. The Eleventh Census reported products valued at $2,823,278, as compared with $1,648,182 for the Twelfth Census and $2,222,922 for the census of 1905. The apparent decrease from 1890 to 1900 was due to a change in the classification of one of the largest establishments in the country. This establishment manufactured bar fixtures and office fur- niture, as well as billiard*tables and supplies. In 1890 the total product was included under " billiard tables and supplies." In 1900 the same plant, while increas- ing its output of tables, reported a still greater value for bar fixtures and office furniture, and the report was classified as " furniture, factory product." Thus the plant's entire output of billiard tables was included in furniture. This change in classification, with others of a similar nature, though of less importance, accounts for the decrease, and the statistics should not be accepted as reflecting actual conditions. The production of bil- liard tables and materials has undoubtedly increased constantly. Boxes, wooden packing. — This classification covers boxes and crates manufactured of wood, with the exception of cigar boxes, for which the statistics are shown separately. This is another industry that ob- tains its principal material directly from the lumber and planing mill. The principal products are the pack- ing case of commerce, crates of all kinds, and box shooks. Although packing boxes were undoubtedly manufac- tured on a wholesale scale before 1850, the census of that year is the first to show statistics for the industry as a separate classification. The totals for 1850, 1860, and 1870 are given in Table ci. Table ( 'I. — Comparative summary — boxes, ivooden packing: 1850 to 1870. Number of establishments Capital Wage-earners, average number Total wages Cost ot materials used Value of products 1870 1860 696 $4,028,642 5,303 $2,068,318 $4,590,062 88,964,903 390 $1,283,910 2,035 8743,357 SI, 419, 643 82,939,917 1850 246 $386, 236 990 8308,868 8514, 788 81,099,936 The introduction of machinery has been an impor- tant factor in the development of the industry. The supplanting of the carpenter's saw, hammer and nails, rule, and hand plane, b}- mechanical gauges, saws driven by steampower which divide several boards at one cut, and machinery for assembling and nailing, has transformed the industry from a hand trade into a highly developed factory industry. Such mechanical aids have made possible the immense output of the mod- ern factory and so cheapened the product as to greatly increase the consumption. Cooperage. — The manufacture of all kinds of barrels, casks, kegs, wooden tanks, and similar products is found under this head. The principal material used is the product of the timber camp or tlie sawmill, although an increasing number of cooperage works obtain their material directly from the forest. Many of the large flour mills, salt works, turpentine distilleries, sugar refineries, petroleum refineries, and establishments engaged in other industries have their own cooperage works. The value of the cooperage of such establishments is included in the value of the products of which it is an adjunct, and as such is not included in the Census statistics for the industry. It is probable that the value of the cooperage consumed in the establishment where it is manufactured and used as a container, amounts to as much as that for which separate statistics are given. Cooperage was reported as a manufacture at the cen- suses of 1810 and 1820, but the figures are incomplete and are not of much value except to show the location of the industry. The census of 1810 reports establish- ments in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Out of a total value of products of $415,550, Pennsyl- vania was credited with $345,887. At the census of 1820 the industry was found in the District of Colum- bia, Georgia, Michigan, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Virginia. At the census of 1840 the figures were grouped, probably, with those for several other industries, under the term " all other manufactures." Table on presents the statistics as returned at the censuses of 1850, 1860, and 1870. Table CII. — Comparatirr summary — cooperage. 1850 to 1870. Number of establishments Capital Wage-earners, average number Total wages Cost of materials used Value of products 1870 4,961 89, 798, 847 23,314 $7,819,813 $12,831,796 $26,863,734 1860 1850 2,707 84,353,646 13,750 $4,284,704 $4,105,203 811,343,221 2,902 «, 383, 040 11,916 $3,201,204 82, 644, 682 87,126,317 Machinery is now used extensively in all branches of the industry and has been a principal factor in its development. Furniture.— l^ext to the products of the timber camps and lumber and planing mills the manufacture of furniture is the most important industry included in the group "lumber and its remanufactures." This classification includes not only household furniture, but also office, church, school, and lodge furniture; oflice, bank, and bar fixtures, and filing cases. Wood was the principal material consumed in the manufac- ture of these products. Therefore the classification does not include metal furniture, iron or brass beds, mattresses and spring beds, table accessories, mirrors, pianos, or lamps. While many of these articles can be classed as furniture, they are included in other groups with which they are more closely allied, because of the similarity of their principal material. The statistics for 1900 and 1905 do not include upholstering and furni- ture repair sliops, or the incidental manufacturing and repair work done by furniture dealers. The manufac- RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. clxi ture of refrigerators is a distinct industry and is shown as a separate classification. At the census of 1810 the manufacture of " chairs" and " cabinetwork " was reported as existing in Penn- sylvania, Massachusetts, Maryland, Virginia, and Ver- mont, the total product amounting to $1,426,277. Pennsylvania was credited with about one-half of the product, of which the city of Philadelphia reported $431,075. There was some furniture produced in Louisiana and Illinois, but no value was given. At the census of 1S20 the manufacture of "cabinet furniture," "chairs," and "bedsteads" was reported for 14 states, but the value of products was returned as only $498,420. The reports for the census of 1840 show the manufac- ture of furniture in 28 states and territories, the prod- uct amounting to $7,555,405. New York ranked first with a product of $1,971,776; Pennsylvania, second with $1,155,692; Massachusetts, third with $1,090,008; and Ohio, fourth with $761,146. The remaining states produced less than half a million dollars each. It is evident that the earlier censuses do not contain a full report of the industry, and they should not be used as a basis of comparison to show the increase. At the census of 1850 the manufacture was classified as "cabinet ware," in 1860, as "furniture, cabinet, school, and other," and " spring beds," and in 1870, as "furniture not specified" and "chairs." Table cm presents the statistics for the industry as reported at these three censuses. Table CIII. — Comparative summary— furniture : 1850 to 1870. Number of establishments . . . . Capital Wage-earners, average number Total wages Cost of materials used Value of products 1870 5,962 $43,383,913 53,016 $21,424,319 $25,649,680 $68, 493, 661 1860 3,609 $13,660,526 27, 167 $8, 932, 906 $8,290,661 $26, 945, 693 1850 4,242 $7, 303, 366 22,010 $6, 638, 568 $6,089,546 $17,663,064 At the census of 1890 a classification was adopted to cover cabinetmaking, repairing, and upholstering. At previous censuses "upholstering" was considered separately, but cabinetmaking and repairing were included probably with "furniture." The most no- ticeable effect of the change was the reduction in num- ber of establishments from 5,227 in 1880 to 1,919 in 1890, a decrease of 3,308. Of the 1,919 establish- ments, 340 manufactured chairs exclusively. Not- withstanding the elimination of custom work and repairing in 1890, the figures show a great gain over 1880. In 1900 the classification was "furniture, factory product," the separate classification "chairs" being discontinued. The number of establishments con- tinued to decrease, there being but 1,814, a decrease of 105 from 1890. In 1905 the classification was "furniture," and the totals indicate a substantial increase since 1900. From a production valued at $1,426,277 to that of one valued at $170,446,825 in not quite a century of growth is the record of the furniture industry in the United States as shown by the Census statistics; but these figures fall far short of showing the actual increase in the industry, since the present classification of "furniture" does not include the value of iron and brass beds and couches classified as "foundry and ma- chine shop products," furniture made hj hand in cus- tom shops, furniture produced as a minor product of establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of other products, and a number of products that have become so important as to receive separate classifica- tions. ' For a number of years practically all furniture was handmade and produced principally in small shops. About 1815 the increased consumption of a growing population necessitated a larger output of furniture, and in consequence steampower was introduced. This was the beginning of the factory system in the furniture industry. Up to 1890 more furniture was manufactured in the Eastern — especially in New York, Pennsylvania, and Mas'sachusetts — than in the Western states. Until the census of 1905 the North Atlantic led the geographic divisions; but at that census, notwithstanding New York was first in the United States, with a product of $23,539,011, the total value produced by the states of the North Atlantic division was exceeded by the states of the North Central division, led by Illinois, with a product of $15,287,605, and Michigan, with a product of $10,767,038. Prior to 1890 the prominent cities in the manufac- ture of furniture were New York, Philadelphia, Cin- cinnati, and Boston; then Chicago and Grand Rapids were added. The three leading cities at the census of 1905 were Chicago, New York, and Grand Rapids, with products valued at $17,488,257, $13,035,175, and $9,409,097, respectively. Lumher and timber products. — The lumber industry, which includes merchant lumber mills, logging camps both dependent and independent, and planing mills con- ducted in connection with lumber mills, under the classi- fication "lumber and timber products," contributed 55 per cent of the total value of products of the group in 1900 and 47.4 per cent in 1905. A duplication in the value of products of this indus- try in 1900, as explained on page xxix, not only resulted in a corresponding inflation in the total value of the products of the group, but it also accounts for the apparent decrease in the proportion that lumber and timber products formed of the total product of the group in 1905. The lumber and timber industry is essentially dif- ferent from others of similar magnitude and importance in that it is distributed widely, lumber products being manufactured on a commercial scale in every state and territory in 1900 and in all but one, North Dakota, in clxii MANUFACTURES. 1905. This characteristic of the industry results largely from the fact that owing to the unwieldy nature of its raw material, the point of manufacture is determined by its location. The center of heaviest lumber production in the United States prior to 1880 was in its northeastern portion, Pennsylvania, New York, and Maine being the leading producers in this region. The value of the output of these three states in 1870 was $28,930,985, $21,238,228, and $11,395,747, respectively, and their aggregate product, $61,564,960, formed 29.3 per cent of the total production in the United States. The growing scarcity of material in these states, "however, brought about a movement of the industry westward, and by 1880 the supremacy in lumber manu- facture had passed to the Lake states, the output of Michigan alone, $52,449,928, constituted 22.5 per cent of the total value of the production of the ITnited States. In 1890 Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota ranked first, second, and fourth, respectively, in lumber production, with products valued at $83,121,969, $60,966,444, and $25,075,132, respectively, their aggre- gate forming 38.6 per cent of the total product of the industry. Pennsylvania ranked third at that census, with products valued at $29,087,970. The Lake region still retained first rank in the industry at the census of 1900, though its prominence at that census was due chiefly to the heavy output of Wisconsin and Minnesota, the former having passed Michigan and the latter Pennsylvania since 1890. The products of Wis- consin, Michigan, and Minnesota in 1900 were valued at $57,882,001, $53,915,647, and $42,689,932, respec- tively, and their aggregate formed 27.8 per cent of the total for the United States. The development of the industry in the Southern and Pacific Coast states since 1880 has been rapid, and this, together with its wane in the Lake region, is moving the centers of greatest activity and heaviest production to these regions. The seven leading states in the manufacture of lum- ber and timber products at the census of 1905 were Washington, Wisconsin, Michigan, Louisiana, Minne- sota, Pennsylvania, and Arkansas, in the order named, and the value of their combined output constituted 45.3 per cent of the total production in the United States. Owing to the complex nature of the lumber industry,, embracing three distinct branches of manufacture, namely, logging, sawing, and planing, its range of prod- ucts is wide and varied. The leading product, how- ever, that on which the 24 other industries of the group depend in the main for material, is rough lumber, and the magnitude of the industry is indicated fairly l)y a detailed presentation of the quantity and value of this item. Table civ shows the principal varieties of lum- ber sawed, by quantity and value, for 1900 and 1905. The quantities and values of rough lumber sawed as custom work are included in this table, but only the amount received for this custom sawing is included in the general statistics for the industry. Table CIV. — Sawed lumber — chief varieties, by quantity and value: 1905 and 1900. [Quantities are in M feet board measure.] Total quantity. . Total value Yellow pine: Quantity Value White pine: Quantity Value Hemlock: Quantity Value Red flr: Quantity Value Oak: Quantity Value Spruce: Quantity Value Poplar: Quantity Value Cypress: Quantity Value Maple: Quantiity Value All other: Quantity Value 1900 34, 135, 139 $435,708,084 33,464,850 8372,909,923 12,812,307 S129,366,749 5,332,704 $78,580,577 I 3,268,787 $38,938,154 2,928,409 $27,862,228 2,902,855 $50,832,303 1,303,886 $18,289,327 853, 554 $16,205,312 I 749,592 $13,115,339 I 1 687,558 $8,780,727 ^ 3,395,487 $53,737,368 10,231,140 $87,891,750 7,349,108 $93,499,233 3,285,045 $32,739,631 1,725,968 $14,958,737 3,848,363 $53,950,425 1,409,333 $15,908,647 1,042,380 314,821,757 492,761 $6,671,741 605,664 $7, 163, 746 3,475,098 $46,404,256 Lumber, planing mill products, including sash, doors, and hlinds. — The statistics for this classification repre- sent the mills which are not operated in connection with, or under the same ownership as, the establishments in- cluded in the classification "lumber and timber prod- ucts." Therefore the two industries, which are shown separately in the general tables, represent in manj^ cases the same class of products and should be consid- ered as a continuous process of manufacture. There were 24,136 establishments reported for the two classi- fications and they gave employment to 502,300 wage- earners, or 68.2 per cent of the number reported for "lumber and its remanufactures," and their products were valued at $827,464,646, or 67.6 per cent of the total for the group. Since, however, the cost of the materials used by the planing mills represents what has already been reported among the value of products of the lumber and timber branch of the industry, there is a considerable item of duplication in this great total. Wood distillation. — This industry also requires large quantities of standing timber as material, 586,144 cords having been consumed in 1905. Because of the chemical character of its products, this industry has been included in the group "chemicals and allied products." Wood pulp. — As a wood consumer the industry of wood pulp manufacture ranks next to the lumber indus- try. The growth of this industry during the last few years has been rapid. At the census of 1900, 1,986,310 cords of wood were consumed in the manufacture of RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. clxiii woodpvilp, and this had grown to 3,050,717 cords at the census of 1905, an increase for the five years of 1 ,064,407 cords, or 53.6 per cent. The consumption of mer- chantable timber in the paper and wood pulp industry at the latter census was .equivalent to approximately 3,000,000 M feet board measure of logs, or about one- ninth of the quantity consumed in the lumber indus- try. The total wood or timber consumption of these two industries, as reported at the census of 1905, was therefore more than 30,000,000 M feet board measure. The wood pulp manufactm-e is allied so closely to the paper industry that it has been included with the naanufacture of paper, the joint classification being "paper and wood pulp," an industry in the group "paper and printing." LEATHER AND ITS FINISHED PRODUCTS. This group includes 10 industries which are shown separately in Table 3. The tannery furnishes the principal material consumed in 9 of these branches of industry. These 9 auxiliary industries represent fin- ished leather products of every variety. The statis- tics for "boot and shoe cut stock," "findings," and "uppers" represent only the establishments in which these are the products of chief value. It is probable that an increasing proportion of parts and findings are being manufactured in the boot and shoe facto- ries, where they are consumed and included with the finished products reported to the Census. An appar- ent decrease in either class would therefore be no indication that there has been an actual decline in the production. The decrease since 1900 of 368 in the number of establishments for the combined industry is in keep- ing with the tendency indicated by the reports at prior censuses toward the absorption of the smaller establLshments, especially in the tanning and currying industry and in the manufacture of boots and shoes. The gross value of products for the group increased from $569,619,254 at the census of 1900 to $705,747,470 at the census of 1905, or 23.9 per cent. The gross value of products of the basic industry, tanning and currying, increased from $204,038,127 to $252,620,986, or 23.8 per cent. The number of hides and skins of all varieties treated incrfeased from 120,266,008 in 1900 to 125,419,936 at the census of 1905. Materials other than leather enter into some of the products of the group. This is true of the classifica- tion "saddlery and harness," for which products val- ued at $42,054,842 were reported, but on the other hand the group does not include all of the industries in which leather enters as a material. For example, the classification "sporting goods" includes the manu- facture of some leather shoes, and large quantities of leather are consumed in the manufacture of "carriage and wagon materials" and "trunks and valises." At prior censuses the statistics for small custom shops were included in the returns for several of the leather manufactures. The figures for the census of 1900 given in Table 1 have been reduced to a basis comparable with those of 1905, and therefore are not strictly comparable with those for previous censuses. The manufacture of boots and shoes, measured by value of products, is by far the most important indus- try in this group. It is now one of the most highly specialized factory industries of the country. It first appeared in the Census reports as an industry distinct from the small custom shops at the census of 1870, when the gross value of its products amounted to $146,704,055. The reports of each succeeding census indicate a constant increase, and the value of prod- ucts, $320,107,458, reported for the census of 1905 is almost double that of 1880 and forms 45.4 per cent of the entire total for "leather and its finished products." The manufacture of boots and shoes, and the aux- iliary industries, cut stock, findings, and uppers, and also the manufacture of leather gloves and mittens, are included in the group "clothing and kindred prod- ucts,", discussed on page cxlii. The statistics for these and for the other principal industries of the group are presented in special reports. PAPER AND PRINTING. This group covers 21 industries, embracing the man- ufacture of paper and wood pulp and the allied indus- tries, classified as "printing and publishing," "book- binding and blank book making," "fancy and paper boxes," "wall paper," etc., all of which are shown separately in Table 3. There were 30,787 establish- ments engaged in the industries included in the group; and the value of their products amounted to $857,112,256, or 5.8 per cent of that for all industries reported at the census of 1905. As compared with 1900, the value of the product increased $251,997,409, or 41.6 per cent. Diagram 15. — Paper and wood pulp — value of products by states: 1905. MAflSACMUBETTS WrSCONSIN PENNSTLVANIA MEW Hampshire' MICHIOAN WEW JERSCr" CONNECTICUT CALIFORNIA' IOWA ■ I The value of the products of paper manufacture amounted to $10,187,177 in 1850, while at the census of 1905 the value of such products (including wood pulp, which was first shown at the census of 1870), had increased more than eighteenfold and amounted to $188,715,189. clxiv MANUFACTURES. Map 12. — Paper and loood pulp — vahie mile: 1905. of products per square g 10 to 100 to a square mile ^$9 S 1000 and over I I Less than 'S 10 to a square mile I^SI $ 100 to 1000 to a square mile In addition to the 21 industries shown for the group in Table 3, the manufacture of printers' inks, engrav- ers' materials, and type founding are allied so closely that they can with propriety be considered as forming a part of the group. In the group thus constituted there is one basic industry, the manufacture of paper, and 23 auxiliary industries. While these auxiliary industries are all related, either by the class of mate- rials consumed or by the character and use of the products, they are naturally divisible into 3 groups: (1) Industries that carry the product of the paper mill through other processes of manufacture, changing to some extent its form, but producing articles that derive their chief value through a rearrangement of the material; (2) industries that derive their chief value from impressions on paper; and (3) industries that furnish materials, other than paper, for printing and writing processes. Paper industries. — There are 9 classifications of industry covered by the first group and the statistics for each are summarized in Table cv. Table CV.— SUMMARY— MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM PAPER: 1905. Total Bags, paper Bookbinding and bianlc boolt malting. Boxes, fancy and paper..' Cardboard, "not made in paper mills. . . Card cutting and designing Envelopes .- Labels and tags Paper goods, not elsewhere specified- . Paper patterns Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Capital. WAGE-EARNERS. Miscella- neous ex- penses. Average number. Wages. 2,227 $83,225,018 70, 120 $25, 916, 602 $11,423,465 62 908 796 4 60 72 67 232 26 11,441,383 16,904,883 22,690,766 1,651,210 488, 129 7,495,912 2,117,654 18,198,221 2,236,860 2,473 17,713 32, 082 686 696 4,298 '1,348 9,842 1,082 930, 171 7,886,945 10,207,827 234,490 261, 023 1,629,511 609,439 3,712,537 444,659 484,027 2,824,481 3,114,468 108, 587 95,306 1,062,967 294, 528 2,546,332 892, 769 Cost of materials used. $53,837,! 6, 594, 976 9, 139, 937 16,685,826 926, 964 477,609 5,974,948 957, 028 12,743,559 337, 022 Value of products, including custom work and repairing. $111,933,873 10,086,863 25,223,650 36,866,589 1,564,303 1,083,278 10,222,366 2,462,497 22, 159, 202 2, 265, 125 The " cardboard, not made in paper mills," includes the heavy grade of cardboard and paper having a highly polished surface, used by textile manufacturers. "Card cutting and designing" includes the cutting and beveling of cards for the printing trade, and tex- tile industries, also designs for carpets, upholstery, wall paper, etc. "Labels and tags" includes not only the cutting and manufacture of the tag but the print- ing, when done by the same establishment. The classi- fications for all of the other industries included in the group convey a reasonably definite idea of the char- acter of the products. Boxes, fancy and paper. — Measured by the gross value of products this manufacture is the most impor- tant industry included in the subgroup. The classi- fication includes all boxes made from strawboard, cardboard, glazed paper, and other derivatives of paper and pulp. It also includes wooden boxes of fancy designs, covered with velvet, satin, etc. Sta- tistics for the industry were first shown separately at the census of 1850, and the totals for that and the two subsequent censuses are given in Table cvi. Table CVI. — Comparative summary — boxes, 1850 to 1870. fancy and paper: Number of establisliments Capital Wage-earners, average number Total wages Cost of materials used Value of products 249 $1,192,325 4,632 $1,258,662 $1,592,976 $4,029,659 1860 110 $333, 196 1,601 $358,668 $467,360 $1,162,777 1850 82 $136,240 718 $139,764 $187,796 $434, 104 The industry increased constantly during the twenty years covered by this table, but even a more rapid increase is indicated by the statistics for 1890, when the value of products increased to $18,805,330 from $7,665,553 in 1880. The work in connection with the manufacture of paper boxes was done originally by hand, scissors being used to' cut the patterns which were pasted together to form the boxes. The great demand for boxes of this character for use in packing and shipping manufactured products was met by the general intro- duction of machinery. At the census of 1905 women formed 64 per cent of RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. clxv the wage-earners in the industry; not only do they operate the machinery, but they also do the trimming and decorating of the boxes. In the manufacture of cereal food products, con- fectionery, boots and shoes, and other, industries, paper boxes are so essential to the packing and sale of the articles that they are frequently manufactured by the establishments consuming them. Boxes thus manufactured and consumed are included in the value of the products of the establishment and therefore do not appear in the statistics for "boxes, fancy and paper." Printing industries. — The statistics for the 6 print- ing industries are summarized in Table cvii. Table CVII.— SUMMARY— PRINTING INDUSTRIES: 1905. Total Lithographing and engraving Phototithographing and photi Printing and publishing, Dooli and job Printing and publishing, music Printing and publishing, newspapers and periodicals Wall paper Niun- ber of estab- lish- ments. 26, 942 248 223 8,244 145 18, 038 44 Capital. $426, 984, 102 25, 537, 781 4, 070, 813 142, 015, 638 3,487,017 239, 518, 524 12, 354, 329 WAGE-EARNERS. Average number. 205, 594 12, 614 3,876 87, 746 577 96, 868 3,913 S121,874,760 8, 198, 676 2,916,073 48, 720, 854 340, 176 59, 830, 768 1,868,213 Miscella- neous ex- penses. $108, 795, 295 3, 348, 560 874, 648 33,115,809 1,715, .363 67,638,099 2, 102, 816 Cost of materials used. $139, 785, 465 8, 349, 823 1, 303, 147 52,575,110 541,220 70,358,000 6,658,165 Value ol products, mcluding custom work and repairing. $641,237,217 25, 245, 266 7, 268, 262 182,611,720 4, 147, 783 309,327,606 12,636,580 The value of products for this subgroup forms more than three-fourths of the value of products of Group 6, exclusive of paper and pulp mills. The paper con- sumed is an important item, but the chief importance of the printing industries is due to the values created by the preparation of manuscript and the various print- ing processes. "Lithographing and engraving " appeared first in the Census reports as an industry at the census of 1850 and " photolithographing and photoengraving" at the cen- sus of 1890. The three classifications of printing and publishing — book and job, music, and newspapers and periodicals — really represent the printing industries ; to them lithographing and engraving, and photolitho- graphing and photoengraving are auxiliary. They comprise 26,427, or 98.1 per cent of the establish- ments and $496,087,109, or 91.7 per cent of the total value of products for the subgroup. Small job print- ing shops as well as large publishing houses are in- cluded in this total. The number of publications, newspapers, and maga- zines of every variety increased from 18,226 at the cen- sus of 1900 to 21,400 at the census of 1905. The cost of paper used by establishments classified as "print- ing and publishing, newspapers and periodicals," in- creased from ,137,823,856 to $58,966,258, or 55.9 per cent. The aggregate cost of paper used by these and by the music and the book and job printers at the census of 1905 was $98,960,231, or 52.4 per cent of the value of the output of the paper and wood p'jlp mills. The increase in the use of typecasting and typeset- ting machines has been one of the features in the recent development of the industry. There were 3,988 such machines reported at the census of 1900 as in use by establishments classified as "printing and publishing, newspapers and periodicals," and 6,793 at the census of 1905, an increase of 70.3 per cent. In addition there were reported at the census of 1905, 1,387 such ma- chines in use in book and job printing establishments. Industries allied to printing. — The statistics for the third group of industries are summarized in Table CVIII. Table CVIII.— SUMMARY— INDUSTRIES ALLIED TO PRINTING: 1905. INDUSTRY. Total Engravers' materials Engraving and diesinking Engraving, steel Engraving, wood Ink, printing Ink, writing Printing materials stereotyping and eieotrotyping Type founding -. Num- ber of estab- Ush- meats. 990 10 305 215 114 60 42 77 146 21 Capital. $22,016,199 98, 374 1,210,673 5,402,716 184,897 4,609,774 1,286,607 1,008,889 3,297,546 4,916,723 WAGE-EARNERS. Average number. 1,573 3,580 338 711 430 357 2,679 1,446 Wages. $7,296,587 31,062 1,032,232 2,227,860 245,032 474,987 169,726 239,036 1,993,067 883,595 Miscella- neous ex- penses. $3, 538, 728 13, 208 224, 288 501,557 87,656 1,269,387 369, 546 195,266 577, 869 309,952 Cost of materials used. 87,707,768 95, 887 376, 409 1,653,618 60, 283 2,612,658 868, 304 372, 480 1,032,063 746, 176 Value of products, including custom work and repairing. ?25,779,738 170,710 2, 422, 487 5,943,080 647,909 5,774,254 1,881,038 1,207,163 5,005,338 2,727,759 The statistics in Table cviii represent the produc- tion of practically all the supplies required for printing except the typesetting machines, the printing presses. and the paper. The manufacture of paper is shown separately under the classification "paper and wood pulp," but the presses and machinery are included in clxvi MANUFACTURES. the general classification "foundry and machine shop products," and can not be shown by themselves. In addition to the manufacture of materials and supplies required for printing, the totals include the limited amount of printing done by the establishments making steel plates or engraved blocks. LIQUORS AND BEVERAGES. The production of distiUed, malt, and vinous liquors, and the manufacture of malt and of mineral and soda waters are covered by this group. Bottling, when car- ried on as a distinct industry, was excluded from the census of 1905, but when done by the establishment manufacturing the beverage it was included. At the census of 1905 as compared with that of 1900 the number of establishments reported for the group had increased 641, or 11.2 per cent, and the value of the products, .?118,368,224, or 30.9 per cent. The prod- ucts of this group can with propriety be included in the group of "foods, beverages, and condiments," and they are so considered in the discussion on pages cxxxiii and cxxxiv. CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS. This group includes industries the chief products of which are the results of — (1) The manufacture of chemicals, such as the acids, bases, and salts, to be found in the classification of "chemicals" and sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids which are the products of purely chemical factories ; cal- cium lights; soap; and some explosives, as nitroglycerin. (2) The extraction, distillation, or deposition of chemical substances represented by such industries as bone, ivory, and lamp black; dyestuffs and extracts; gas, illuminating and heating; glue; grease and taUow; oil, castor; oil, cottonseed and cake; oil, essential; oil, lard; oil, linseed; oil, not elsewhere specified; petroleum, refining; salt; starch; turpentine and rosin; and wood distillation. (3) The mixing, compounding, or pulverization of chemical substances — as in the manufacture of axle grease, baking and yeast powders, blacking, bluing, candles, cleansing and polishing preparations, drug- gists' preparations, fertilizers, printing ink, writing ink, paints, patent medicines and compounds, perfumery and cosmetics, varnishes, some explosives, as gun- powder, and in drug grinding. No chemicals produced in other industries are in- cluded in the totals, these being referred to as partial or subsidiary products wherever mentioned. The group includes nearly all the chemical substances manufactured or compositions of matter. The prin- cipal exceptions are iron and steel, brass and other metals, and glass, which are of such importance as the materials or products of great industries that they are treated in separate groups. Coke, a result of the dis- tillation of coal, and an important material in the manufacture of pig iron, is also treated separately. Table 1 includes 36 classes of industry accredited to the chemical group, 5 of which are shown in combina- tion. Some of them have a closer relation to indus- tries included in other groups because of the cognate use of the products. For example, "baking and yeast powders" could properly be assigned to the group "food and kindred products," and it is so treated on page cxxviii. "Ink, printing" is a printing material, and it is so considered in the discussion of "paper and printing," on page clxv. "Ink, writing" is also asso- ciated closely with that group, and the statistics are likewise there analyzed. The number of establish- ments reported for the entire group increased 868, or 9.9 per cent, and the value of products, $296,532,721, or 40.3 per cent. The quantities and values for the great variety of products covered by the principal industries of the group are shown in detail in the spe- cial reports, to which reference should be made for technical information. An illustration of the relation of the various indus- tries in the group to each other and to industries in other groups is given in Table cix. The table shows every classification contained in the chemical group, and in order to distinguish them from the secondary products, which are subordinated by indentation, the classifications are termed principal products. The principal products are those of chief value upon the reports of establishments included in the chemical group and control the classification of the schedules, while the secondary products are those produced in connection with the principal products under which they are listed and appear, therefore, as products of secondary value on the schedule. Under the heading "other classifications in which found" are listed industries in which the "principal product" will be found as a secondary product and those in which the "secondary product" will be found as a principal or again as a secondary product. Thus all the statistics concerning the manufacture of axle grease on the one hand include the value of harness oil and lubricating oils which are produced by the establishments man- ufacturing axle grease, and on the other, omit the value of axle grease produced as a secondary product in the blacking, varnish, and petroleum refining indus- tries. The table therefore indicates how thoroughly intermingled is the manufacture of the products in the chemical group. Furthermore, the table shows plainly that statistics for any one class, or " principal product," can not be accepted as complete in any respect. RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. clxvii Table CIX.— CHEMICAL GROUP— KIND OF PRODUCTS, PRINCIPAL AND SECONDARY, ACCORDING TO CLASSIFI- CATION OF PRINCIPAL, AND THE OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS IN WHICH FOUND; 1905. Principal product, with secondary products sub- ordinated. Other classifications in which found. Principal product, with secondary products sub- ordinated. Other classifications in which found. Blacking. Petroleum, refining. Varnishes. Oil, not elsewhere specified. Chemicals. Oil, lard. Oil, not elsewhere specified. Petroleum, refining. Flavoring extracts. Liquors, malt. Bluing. Chemicals. Coke. Fertilizers. Flavoring extracts. Gas, illuminating and heating. Mucilage and paste. (See Bluing, principal product.) Chemicals. Flavoring extracts. Patent medicines and compounds. Perfumery and cosmetics. Paints. Patent medicines and compounds. Petroleum, refining. Chemicals. Chemicals. Mucilage and paste. (See Patent medicines and compounds, principal ■product.) (See Perfumery and cosmetics, principal product.) Chemicals. (See Starch, principal product.) Chemicals. (See Cleansing and polishing compounds, prm- cipal product.) Bluing. Cleansing and polishing preparations. (See Ammonia, under Baking and yeast pow- ders.) (See Axle grease, principal product.) (See Bluing, principal product.) Chemicals. Patent medicines and compounds. Soap. Cleansing and polishing preparations. Bluing. Ink, writing. Mucilage and paste. Ink, writing. Mucilage and paste. Bluing. Cleansing and polishing preparations. Paints. Baking and yeast powders. Blacking. Chemicals. Cleansing and polishing preparations. Flavoring extracts. Ink, writing. Mucilage and paste. Paints. Perfumery and cosmetics. ' Starch. (See Armnonia, under Baking and yeast pow- ders.) Chemicals. (See Ink, under Blacking.) (See Blacking, principal product.) (See Stove polish, under Blacking.) Paints. (See Glue, principal product.) (See Ink. printing, principal product.) Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. Chemicals. Coke. Gas, illuminating and heating. (Not found elsewhere.) Chemicals. Chemicals. Oil, not elsewhere specified. Petroleum, refining. Petroleum, refining. Petroleum, refining. Chemicals. Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. Soap. Petroleum, refining. Chemicals. Oil, cottonseed and cake. Chemicals. Dyestufis and extracts. Paints. Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. Soap. Chemicals. Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. Boiler compounds Baking and yeast powders. Bone, ivory, and lamp black. Calcium lights. Lime flour - Candles. Coke. Baking and yeast powders. . . Druggists' preparations. Dyeing and fliushing textiles. Dyestufis and extracts. Explosives. Fertiliizers. Bluing Food preparations. Glass. Iron and steel. Mineral and soda waters. Oil, not elsewhere specified. Paints. Roofing materials. Flavoring extracts Insecticide Silk and silk goods. Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. Smelting and refining, zinc. Soap. . Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids. Phosphoric liquor Phosphoric paste Varnishes. Wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin. (See Boiler compounds, under Blacking.) Proprietary medicines . . . Caramel coloring Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified. Paints. Flavoring extracts. Dyestuffs and extracts. Explosives. Sulphite of hme Iron and steel, blast furnaces. Lumber and timber products. Turpentine and rosin. Varnishes. Wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin. Bluing Dry mineral colors Flavoring extracts Niter cake Fancy articles, .not elsewhere specified. Ivory and bone work. Paints. Varnishes. (See Flavoring extracts, under Baking and yeast powders.) Fertilizers. Boiler compounds Brass polish Ink Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids. (See Paints, principal product.) Perfumery and cosmetics. (See Phosphoric paste, under Baking and yeast powders.) Stove polish . Perfume concentrates Phosphoric paste Pyroligneous acid Red oil... Dyestuffs and extracts. rosin. (See Red oil, under Candles.) Tanning extracts Cleansing and polishing prep- arations. (See Dyestufis and extracts, principal product.) Baking and yeast powders. Blacking. Bluing. Flavoring extracts. Mucilage and paste. Soap. Ink Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. Smelting and refining, not from the ore. Brooms and brushes. Polish brushes Bone, ivory, and lamp black- (See Blacking, principal product.) Drue erindine Printers' ink Druggists' preparations. Sulphate of ammonia Paints. Patent medicines and compounds. Chloride of lime Chemicals. Druggists' preparations Proprietary medicines . . . Dyeetuffs and extracts Bisulphite of soda Castor oil Drug grinding. Food preparations. Black oil Perfumery and cosmetics. (See Patent medicines and compounds, principal] product.^ Chemicals. Ink, writing. Silk and silk goods. Red oil Varnishes. Chemicals. (See Oil, castor, principal product.) Chemicals (See Chemicals, principal product.) Chemicals. Dextrins . . Paints. clxviii MANUFACTURES. Table CIX.— CHEMICAL GROUP— KIND OF PRODUCTS, PRINCIPAL AND SECONDARY, ACCORDING TO CLASSIFI- CATION OF PRINCIPAL, AND THE OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS IN WHICH FOUND: 1905— Continued. Principal product, with secondary products sub- ordinated. Dyestulf s and extracts — Con Gums Lactic acid.i... Licorice mass. Nitric acid Pyroligneous acid. Sizes Soaps Soda alum . Explosives . Acids . . , Charcoal , Nitrate of ammonia . Salt Saltpeter Fertilizers. Acids Ammonia . Bones. Charcoal Chemicals Cottonseed products. Epsom salts Eme chemicals Fish oil Fish scrap . Glue Ground bone. Hides Niter cake Nitrate of soda. Oil Pyrite cinder Soda products Sulphate of potash Sulphuric acid Tankage Gas, illuminating and heating Ammonia hquors Benzene. Coke Hydrocarbons. Tar Curled hair. Other classifications in which found. Chemicals, Drug grinding. Paints. Chemicals. Drug grinding. Chemicals. Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids. CSee Pyroligneous acid, imder Chemicals.) Glue. Paints. Starch. (See Soap, principal product.) Chemicals. Ammunition. Chemicals, Ammunition. Chemicals. Fertilizers. Oil, not elsewhere specified. Paints. Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids. Varnishes. (See Charcoal, under Chemicals.) Chemicals. (See Salt, principal product.) Chemicals. Druggists' preparations. Food preparations. Glue. Grease and tallow. Ivory and bone work. Oil, cottonseed and cake. Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids. (See Acids, under Explosives.) (See Ammonia, under Baking and yeast pow- ders.) Food preparations. Grease and tallow. Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale (See Charcoal, under Chemicals.) (See Chemicals, principal product.) Oil, cottonseed and cake. Chemicals. Chemicals. Druggists' preparations. Food preparations. Paints. Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids. Varnishes. Oil, not elsewhere specified. Glue. Grease and tallow. Oil, not elsewhere specified. (See Glue, principal product.) Grease and tallow. Grease and tallow. Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. Soap. (See Niter cake, under Chemicals.) Chemicals. Food preparations. Glue. Grease and tallow. Mucilage and paste. Oil, cottonseed and cake. Oil, lard. Oil, not elsewhere specified. Patent medicines and compounds. Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. Chemicals. Chemicals. Chemicals. (See Sulphm-ic, nitric, and mixed acids, principal product.) Glue. Grease and tallow. Oil, not elsewhere specified. Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. Coke. Chemicals. Coke. Coke. Coke. Petroleum, refining. Bone, ivory, and lamp black. Chemicals. Chemicals. Coke. Bone, ivory, and lamp black. . Fertilizers. Grease and tallow. Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. Mucilage and paste. Oil, not elsewhere specified. Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. Upholstering materials. Principal product, with secondary products sub- ordinated. Glue — Continued. Desiccated fish. Fertilizers . Gelatin Grease Oil Prepared rawhide trim- mings. Sandpaper Tankage Grease and tallow . Bones Fertihzer materials. Fertilizers Fish scrap Gelatin Glue Ground bone . Oil Soap Tankage Ink, printing. Dry paints . Vami shes . . Ink, writing. Aniline colors. Bluing... Mucilage . Paste Sealing wax. Oil, castor Castor cake Castor oil stock. Castor pomace. . Oil, cottonseed and cake. Candle stock Fertilizers . Olein Soap Soap stock Oil, essential Cologne Mint hay [cattle food] Orange juice Peppermint camphor , Oil, lard Soap Stearin Oil, linseed Linseed cake . Linseed meal Oil, not elsewhere specified. Other classifications in which found. Canning and preserving, fish. Food preparations. (See Fertilizers, principal product.) Food preparations. Grease and tallow. Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. (See Grease and tallow, principal product.) (See Oil, under Fertilizers.) Leather goods. Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. Sand and emery paper and cloth. (See Tankage, under FertiUzers.) Axle grease. Food preparations. Glue. Oil, not elsewhere specified. (See Bones, under Fertilizers.) Oil, not elsewhere specified. Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. (See Fertilizers, principal product.) (See Fish scrap, under Fertilizers.) (See Gelatin, under Glue.) (See Glue, principal product.) (See Ground bone, under Fertilizers.) (See Oil, under Fertilizers.) (See Soap, principal product.) (See Tankage, under Fertilizers.) Bone, ivory, and lamp black. Paints. Varnishes. (See Paints, principal product.) (See Varnishes, principal product.) Blacking. Bluing. Mucilage and paste. Chemicals. Dyestufls and extracts. ^See Bluing, principal product.) (See Mucilage, under Blacking.) Mucilage and paste. Starch. Varnishes. Mucilage and paste. Varnishes. Dyestuffs and extracts. (Not found elsewhere.) (Not found elsewhere.) Dyestufls and extracts. Ferrilizers. Petroleum, refining. Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. Glucose. Liquors, distilled. Liquors, malt. Oil, essential. Oil, not elsewhere specified. Perfumery and cosmetics. Starch. (See Fertilizers, principal product.) (See Oleic acid, under Candles.) (See Soap, principal product.) Oil, linseed. Oil, not elsewhere specified. Petroleum, refining. Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. Varnishes. Flavoring extracts. Patent medicines and compounds. Perfumery and cosmetics. (See Cattle food, under Oil, cottonseed and cake.) Flavoring extracts. Food preparations. Druggists' preparations. Patent medicines and compounds. Oil, not elsewhere specified. Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. (See Soap, principal product.) Oil, not elsewhere specified. Slaughtering anti meat packing, wholesale. Chemicals. Oilcloth and linoleum, floor. Paints. Varnishes. Paints. Drug grinding. Druggists' preparations. Paints. Varnishes. Food preparations. Glucose. Oil, lard. Petroleum, refining. Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. Starch. RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. clxix Table CIX.— CHEMICAL GROUP— KIND OF PRODUCTS, PRINCIPAL AND SECONDARY, ACCORDING TO CLASSIFI- CATION OF PRINCIPAL, AND THE OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS IN WHICH FOUND: 1905— Continued. Principal product, with secondary products sub- ordinated. Oil, not elsewhere specified Continued. Acids Belt dressing Candles Cattle food Chemicals Compounded wax Disinfectants. Fertilizer materials Fish scrap Glue Grease Lubricating compounds. Ointments and liniments Oleo stearin Paints -, - Pickled ohves PoHshes Soap Stock food Tallow Tankage Paints Art glass products Babbitt metal and solder, Bag blue Belt dressing Bichromate of soda Bleaching liquid Brushes Cleaning oil Coal tar distillery prod- ucts. Dextruis Disinfectants Fine chemicals Gums Insecticides Lamp and carbon blacks Lead pipe Linseed oil Linseed oil cake Linseed oil meal Pharmaceuticals Printers' ink , Red oil Roofing materials Sheet lead Sizes • Stove poUsh Tar oil Varnishes Wax polish Patent medicines and com- pounds. Flavoring extracts Pharmaceuticals, n o n- secret. (See Acids, under Explosives.) Blacking. Paints. Patent medicines and compounds. Oil, not elsewhere specified. (See Cattle food, under Oil, cottonseed and cake.) (See Chemicals, principal product.) Blacking. Petroleum, refining. Chemicals. Food preparations. Paints. Patent medicines and compounds. Perfumery and cosmetics. (See Fertihzer materials, under Grease and tal- low.) (See Fish scrap, under Fertilizers.) (See Glue, principal product.) (See Grease and tallow, principal product.) (See Axle grease, principal product.) Flavoring extracts. Patent medicines and compounds. (See Stearin, under OU, lard.) (See Paints, principal product.) Pickles, preserves, and sauces. (See Cleansing and polishing preparations, princi- pal product.) (See Soap, principal product.) ■ (See Cattle food, under Oil, cottonseed and cake.) (See Grease and tallow, principal product.) (See Tankage, under Fertihzers.) Chemicals. Confectionery. Dyestuffs and extracts. Foundry and machine shop products. Graphite and graphite refining. Ink, printing. Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet. Lumber, planing miU products. Mucilage and paste. Oil, not elsewhere specified. OilclOi;h, enameled. Patent medicines and compounds. Perfumery and cosmetics. Roofing materials. Varnishes. Glass. Glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting. Babbitt metal and solder. Brass. Smelting and refining, not from the ore. (See Bluing, principal product.) (See Belt dressing, under Oil, not elsewhere speci- fied.) Chemicals. (See Bleaching agents, under Soap.) (See Brushes, under Chemicals.) (See Cleansing and polishingpreparations, princi- pal product.) Chemicals. Varnishes. (See Dextrins, under Dyestuffs and extracts.) (See Disinfectants, under Oil, not elsewhere speci- fied.) • (See Fine chemicals, under Fertilizers.) (See Gums, under Dyestuffs and extracts.) (See Insecticide, under Baking and yeast pow- ders.) Bone, ivory, and lamp black. Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet. (See Oil, linseed, principal product.) (See Linseed cake, under Oil, linseed.) (See Linseed meal, under Oil, hnseed.) (See Pharmaceuticals, nonsecret, under Patent medicines and compounds.) (See Ink, printing, principal product.) (See Red oil, under Candles.) Roofing materials. Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet. (See Sizes, under Dyestuffs and extracts.) (See Stove polish, under Blacking.) Chemicals. Varnishes. Wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin. (See Varnishes, principal product.) Cleansing and polishing preparations. Varnishes. Baking and yeast powders. Druggists^preparations. Flavoring extracts. Perfumery and cosmetics. (See Flavoring extracts, under Baking and yeast powders.) Chemicals. Druggists' preparations. Paints. Principal product, with secondary products sub- ordinated. Patent medicines and vhm pounds— Continued. Polishers , Soap Spices Tablets Perfumery and cosmetics. Bluing Disinfectants Extracts Flavoring extracts Food colorings Manicure preparations. Medicinal preparations Oils Soap Stock food Surgical powders Petroleum, refining Asphaltum Black oil Candles Coke .' Compounded oils Lubricating greases Paraffin wax Petrolatum Soap stock Tree spray [insecticide] Salt Bromine Calcium chloride Ice Soap Bleaching agents Boiler compounds , Glycerin Hides Perfumeries Red oil Sal soda Saleratus and soda Starch Bluing J Cattle food Corn oil Gluten food [cattle food] Paste Size Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids. Alums Chloride of zinc. . Fine chemicals Hydrofluoric acid Muriatic acid Other classifications in which found. Blacking. Cleansing and pohshing preparations. (See Soap, principal product.) Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding. Chemicals. Druggists' preparations. Flavoring extracts. Baking and yeast powders. Chemicals. Druggists' preparations. Flavoring extracts. Patent medicines and compounds. Petroleum, refining. (See Bluing, principal product.) (See Disinfectants, under Oil, not elsewhere speci- fied.) Druggists' preparations. Flavoring extracts. ' Food preparations. Patent medicines and compounds. (See Flavoring extracts, under Baking and yeast powders.) Chemicals. Dairymen's, poulterers', and apiarists' supplies. Druggists' preparations. Patent medicines and compounds. Druggists' preparations. Patent medicines and compounds. Oil, essential. Oil, lard. Oil, not elsewhere specified. Petroleum, refining. (See Soap, principal product.) (See Cattle food, under Oil, cottonseed and cake.) Druggists' preparations. Oil, not elsewhere specified. * (Not found elsewhere in manufactures.) Candles. (See Candles, principal product.) (See Coke, under Gas, illuminating and heating.) Oil, not elsewhere specified. (See Axle grease, principal product.) Candles. Perfumery and cosmetics. (See Soap stock, under Oil, cottonseed and cake.) (See Insecticide, under Baking and yeast pow- ders.) Chemicals. Explosives. (Not found elsewhere.) Chemicals. Ice, manufactured. Liquors, malt. Dyestuffs and extracts. Grease and taUow. Oil, cottonseed and cake. Oil, lard. Oil, not elsewhere specified. Patent medicines and compounds. Perfumery and cosmetics. Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. Chemicals. Paints. (See Boiler compounds, under Blacking.) (See Glycerin, under Candles.) (See Hides, under Fertilizers.) (See Perfumery and cosmetics, principal product.) (See Red oil, under Candles.) Chemicals. Baking and yeast powders. Chemicals. Baking and yeast powders. Flavoring extracts. Food preparations. Glucose. (See Bluing, principal product.) (See Cattle food, under Oil, cottonseed and cake.) Oil, not elsewhere specified. (See Cattle food, under Oil, cottonseed and cake.) (See Paste, under Ink, writing.) (See Sizes, under Dyestuffs and extracts.) Chemicals. Dyestuffs and extracts. Explosives. Fertilizers. Roofing materials. Smelting and refining, zinc. Chemicals. Varnishes. Chemicals. (See Fine chemicals, under Fertilizers.) Chemicals. Chemicals, Mucilage and paste.. cLxx MANUFACTURES. Table CIX.— CHEMICAL GROUP— KIND OF PRODUCTS, PRINCIPAL AND SECONDARY, ACCORDING TO CLASSIFI- CATION OF PRINCIPAL, AND THE OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS IN WHICH POUND: 1905— Continued. Principal product, with secondary products sub- ordinated. Other classifications in which found. Principal product, with secondary products sub- ordinated. Other classifications in which found. Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed (See Niter cake, under Chemicals.) Chemicals. Chemicals. (See Fertilizers, principal product.) Chemicals. Lumber and timber products. Wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin. (See Charcoal, under Chemicals.) Chemicals. Ink, printing. Mucilage and paste. Paints. 1 Roofing materials. (See Alums, under Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed j acids.) (See Axle grease, principal product.) Chemicals. (See Charcoal, under Chemicals.) (See Coal tar distillery products, under Paints.) (See Paste, under Ink, writing.) (See Ink, printing, principal product.) (See Dyestufls and extracts, principal product.) (See Dyestufls and extracts, principal product.) (See Fine chemicals, under Fertilizers.) (See Cleansing and polishing preparations, prin- cipal product.) Varnishes — Continued. Linseed meal . . (See Linseed meal, under Oil, linseed.) """ ■' Linseed oil (See Oil, linseed, principal product.) Salt cake Sulphate of soda Superphosphates Tin crystals and salts Lubricating grease Metal polish (See Axle grease, principal product.) - '''■''"■ Cleansing and polishing preparations. Oil foots (See Soap stock, under Oil, cottonseed and cake.) Oil of tar (See Tar oil, under Paints.) Paint remover (See Cleansing and polishing preparations, prin- Turpentine and rosin Paints cipal product.) (See Paints, principal product.) Sealing wax (See Sealing wax, under Ink, writing.) Tanning materials (See Dyestufls and extracts, principal product.) Wax polish Paints. Wood distillation, not including turpentine and Alums Axle grease Bleached shellac Charcoal Coal tar distillery prod- ucts. Dextrin paste Dry colors for printing. . . DyestufEs, artincial.. Wood preservative Wood distillation, not in- cluding turpentine and rosin. Charcoal rosin. Wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin. Wood preserving. Charcoal. Chemicals. Dyestufls and extracts. Iron and steel, blast furnaces. Turpentine and rosin. (See Charcoal, under Chemicals.) Disinfectants (See Disinfectants, under Oil, not elsewhere speci- DyestufEs, natural Fine chemicals Oil of tar fied.) (See Tar oil, under Paints.) Furniture polish Spirits of turpentine Wood preservative Turpentine and rosin. (See Wood preservative, under Varnishes.) From the table it will be seen that axle grease is also made, but as a subsidiary product, by establishments manufacturing blacking as their product of chief value, by refineries of petroleum, and by varnish factories. Harness oil, made as a subsidiary product by axle grease establishments, is also returned by establish- ments classified under "oil, not elsewhere specified." Lime flour, or powdered calcium oxide, another sub- sidiary product, is also made by chemical factories; and lubricating oil as a chief product by establishments classified under "oil, lard," "oil, not elsewhere specified," and "petroleum, refining." Again, baking and yeast powders are made as a sub- sidiary product by establishments classified under "fla- voring extracts," and "liquors, malt." A subsidiary product of regularly classified baking and yeast powder factories is ammonia, which is also to be found under "bluing," "chemicals," "coke," "fertilizers," "flavor- ing extracts," "gas, illuminating and heating," and "mucilage and paste." The bluing made as a sub- sidiary product can be found under "baking and yeast powders," "blacking," "chemicals," "cleansing and polishing preparations," "flavoring extracts," "ink, writing," "paints," "perfumery and^ cosmetics," "mucilage and paste," and "starch." Among the notable features of the table are the num- ber of classifications — 26 — in which appear some of the chemicals classified as principal products under "chem- icals," and the large number of subsidiary products shown under "paints" and "varnishes." Uses. — A separation of the various industries placed in the chemical group according to the uses made of the products involves the transfer of two — "baking and yeast powders" and "salt" — to "food and kindred products," and of two others — "ink, printing" and "ink, writing" — to "paper and printing." The other industries, except those classified as chemicals and as explosives, have been arranged in subgroups ranked by value of products as follows : (1) Illuminants and lubri- cants; (2) fertilizers and fertilizer materials; (3) paints and dyes; (4) drugs, medicines, and lotions; and (5) cleansers, polishers, and sizes. Two industries are treated separately — "chemicals," the real center and base of the group, the returns being those of chemical factories, the products of which are so numerous and the uses to which they are put so varied, that it is impossible to classify them satisfactorily under any subgroup; and "explosives," which are used for purposes different from those of any of the other products shown among "chemicals and allied products," and are debarred, therefore, from all of the subdivisions. Table ex gives the number of establishments, average number of wage-earners, and value of products for each of the subgroups, with the percentages they form of the totals for the entire chemical group. Illuminants and lubricants lead except in number of establishments; in this item they are exceeded by drugs, medicines, and lotions, and paints and dyes. Fertilizers and fertilizer materials are second in value of products, but give place to paints and dyes both in number of wage-earners and in number of establish- ments. Paints and dyes are third in value of products, but second both in number of wage-earners and number of establishments. RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. clxxi Table CX. — Chemical group — number of establishments, average nuvi- ber of wage-earners, and value of products for each subgroup, by uses, with per cent each forms of total: 1905. SUBGROUP. Total. Illuminants and lubri- cants Fertilizers and fertilizer materials Paints and dyes Drugs, medicines, and lo- tions. Cleansers, polishers, and sizes Chemicals (treated sepa- rately) Explosives (treated sepa- rately) The 4 transferred indus- tries not considered here by uses ESTABLISH- MENTS. Num- ber. Per cent of total 1,147 2,220 2,S60 975 100.0 11.9 22.9 29.5 10.1 1.3 WAGE- EARNEKS. .Vverage number. Per cent ol total. 210, 165 32, 188 51, 543 21,628 17,699 19,806 ,5,800 8,256 100.0 I 81,031,965,263 Per cent ol total. 100.0 15.3 24,5 10.3 8.4 9.4 2.9 3.9 346,792,253 162,093,120 161,708,098 124, 688, 723 95, 722, 461 75, 222, 249 29,602,884 36, 135, 475 33.6 15.7 15.7 12.1 9.3 7.3 2.8 3.5 Number of establish- ments. Total Axle grease Calcium lights Candles Gas, illuminating and heating Grease and tallow Oil, lard Oil, not elsewhere specified Petroleum, refining 1,6 25 22 17 1,019 300 5 181 Wage- earners, average number. 53,245 119 41 816 30, 566 3,628 44 1,261 16, 770 Value of products. ILLUMIXANTS AND LUBRICANTS. The number of establishments, average number of wage-earners, and value of products for illuminants and lubricants are shown in Table cxi. Table CXI. — Illuminants and lubricants: 1905. $346,792,253 879, 483 135,246 3, 889, 362 125,144,945 18,814,533 796,111 22,127,253 176, 005, 320 Of the industries in this subgroup, " petroleum, refin- ing" is easily first in value of products, with 50.5 per cent, although in establishments and wage-earners (5.9 and .31.5 per cent, respectively) its rank is lower. The manufacture of gas is second in value of products, with .36.1 per cent; but first in number of establish- ments, with 61.1 per cent; and first also in wage-earn- ers, with 57.4 per cent. In the subgroup are included lubricants and fuels, as well as illuminants, for the reason that in the two lead- ing industries just mentioned there are products, not separable, extensively used for both heating and light- ing, while in one of the two, lubricating oils are also largely produced. If the establishments wholly or largely devoted to the production of illuminants be segregated from the subgroup, the list will include cal- cium lights, candles, gas, illuminating and heating, and petroleum, refining. These totals combined are : Number of establishments, 1,156; average number of wage - earners, 48,193; and value of products, $304,174,873. The percentages these are of the totals for the subgroup are 69.3, 90.5, and 87.7, respec- tively. Axle grease. — Manufacturing establishments the prin- cipal product of which is "axle grease" are included in this classification. This grease is used for carriage and car axles. The classification "axle grease" appeared first in Census reports at the census of 1880. It may have been included in "grease" and "grease and tallow" before that time. In 1880 there were 16 establish- ments having 72 wage-earners and 1365,048 in value of products. The statistics at the census of 1905 were for 25 establishments, employing 119 wage-earners, and reporting products valued at $879,483, an increase since 1880 of 65.3 per cent in wage-earners and 140.9 per cent in value of products. In considering these statistics the distinction be- tween the classifications ' ' axle grease ' ' and ' ' grease and tallow" should be understood. The former includes only axle grease, a composition of matter, while the lat- ter includes the animal fats made into grease and tal- low, soap fat, oil, etc. The figures fall far short of showing the entire manu- facture in the United States of grease used for lubri- cating axles, either carriage or car. In petroleum refining large quantities of grease used for all kinds of lubrication are manufactured, and these mineral prod- ucts are compounded frequently with other materials by the refining establishments. There was a slight decrease in the industry "axle grease" from 1890 to 1900, but from 1900 to 1905, as shown in Table 1, the value of products increased. Calcium lights. — Establishments making oxygen and hydrogen gas compressed in tanks specifically for the production of lime lights are included in this classifi- cation. The first appearance of the classification in Census statistics was at the census of 1870, where 2 estab- lishments were shown, with a capital of $56,000. The average number of wage-earners was 1 1 and the wages $6,800. The cost of materials used was $4,100 and the value of products, $16,000. At the census of 1905 the number of establishments had increased to 22; the average number of wage-earners, to 41 ; and the value of products, to $135,246. Some of the products are returned as "electric calcium effects." The principal products are found in no other classifications. The calcium light, also known as lime light, is pro- duced by an oxyhydrogen blowpipe flame thrown upon a pencil of lime, which thereby becomes vividly incan- descent and has an intense brilliancy. It is employed largely in producing stage effects and in throwing stereopticon views upon the canvas. Zirconia, an oxide of zirconium, is sometimes employed instead of lime. Candles. — The classification includes establishments making, as their chief products, candles, whether of wax or of other material, irrespective of the special purposes for which they are employed. Candles are also made by establishments engaged in manufacturing clxxii MANUFACTURES. "oil, not elsewhere specified," and in "petroleum, refining." It is impossible to give separate figures for candles for previous censuses, as this industry was combined with soap until the census of 1905. The totals for this census include 17 establishments, with 816 wage- earners, and products amounting to $3,889,362. In the manufacture of ordinary candles pure stearic acid, a fatty acid of tallow, is generally used, some- times mixed with a little wax or paraffin. Molding machines are employed, except for wax candles in the manufacture of which melted wax is poured over the wicks and rolled. Gas, illuminating and heating. — This classification includes plants manufacturing, as their chief product, gas for illuminating and fuel purposes, whatever the materials used, and whether owned by municipal or other corporations, firms, or individuals. Natural gas, being a direct product of nature, is not included. The statistics for natural gas were shown in the census of mines and quarries for 1902. Gas is also found under "coke," as a subsidiary product. Grease and tallow. — The reports of such establish- ments as rendered grease and tallow as their chief prod- uct, for further use in the industrial arts, are included here. Some of the chief products under this head are: Albany grease. Fat, Railroad grease. The classifications in 1860 were "grease" and "hides and tallow." The combined classification in 1860 is compared with the 1870 statistics in Table CXII. Table <.'XII. — Comparative summary — grease and tallow: 1870 and 1860. Rough, tallow for soap, and candles. Nuint)cr of establishments Capital 4 Wage-earners, average number Total wages Cost of materials used Value of products 1870 62 18 S841, 980 $290, 100 442 99 $184,787 $40,320 $5,114,868 $972, 186 $6,035,845 $1,267,533 The value of products increased nearly fourfold dur- ing the decade shown. At the census of 1905 the num- ber of establishments reported was 300; the average number of wage-earners was 3,628, an increase of 77.8 per cent over 1900; and tlie value of products was $18,814,533, an increase of 57.4 per cent. Oil, lard. — Nothing but lard oil, as the chief prodi ct of the establishments reporting, is classified under this head. "Oil, lard," appeared first as a separate industry in 1850. In 1870 it disappeared, being absorbed proba- bly in "oil, animal," whicli may have embraced both "oil, lard," and "oil, neat's-foot." Tabic cxiii gives the statistics from 1850 to 1870, the comparison being with the combined classification for the latter census. Table CXIII. — Comparative summary — oil, lard: 1850 to 1870. Number of establisbments Capital Wage-earners, average number Total wages Cost of materials used Value of products 1870 68 $2,072,532 543 $298, 975 $7, 582, 676 $9, 728, 667 1860 29 $612,950 151 $51, 112 $2, 131, 141 $2, 552, 510 1850 41 $362,950 193 $58,956 $1,271,602 $1,617,669 The decrease in the lard oil industry between 1900 and 1905, as shown in Table 1, is due to the discontinu- ance of one establishment in New York city, for which, in 1900, a large value of products was reported, and to a change in the classification of an establishment in New Jersey. The value of products for this, however, was so very materially reduced that had the factory remained under "oil, lard," the great decrease in the industry would nevertheless have been apparent. Lard oil is an animal olein which is extracted by open kettle rendering, by acid rendering, or by steam ren- dering. When rendered in open kettles the fatty tis- sue, chopped, is heated over water until the oil or fat is tried out. The broken tissue is skimmed off. The oil and water stratify upon cooling and are separated readily. In acid rendering the fatty tissue is boiled with water and sulphuric acid, thus dividing the tissue and liberating the oil. When lard oil is rendered by steam, the tissue is destroyed with steam under pres- sure in autoclaves. Oil, not elsewhere specified. — Under this classification are a great variety of oils. Among them are: Cocoanut oil. Cod liver oil. Corn oil. Fish. oil. Hoof oil. Neat's-foot oil. Olive oil. Rosin oil. Sperm oil. Whale oil. Some of the uses to which the oils under this head are put are shown by the following named products: Bicycle oil. Boot and shoe treeing oil. Chronometer oil. Clock oil. Curriers' oil. Cylinder oils. Engine oils. Floor oil. Food oil. Fuel oil. Harness oil. Lubricants. Machinery oil. Medicinal oil. Recovered oil for soap manu- facture. Sewing machine oils. Signal oils. Valve oils. Watch oil. "Oil, not elsewhere specified," did not make its appearance as a classification until the census of 1900, but the industries included in it were mentioned in 1810 as "oil, whale," and "oil, spermaceti," the re- turns in each case being from Massachusetts. In 1820 "oil" was returned from New Hampshire. The next appearance was in 1850, when statistics for "oil, mis- cellaneous," and "oil, whale," were shown, the indus- tries included in these two classifications being such as are now included in "oil, not elsewhere specified." In 1860 the corresponding classifications were "oil, fish, whale, and other," "oil, neat's-foot," and "oil, RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. clxxiii resin." In 1870 they were "oil, vegetable, not else- where specified," "oU, lubricating," and "oU, fish." The statistics from 1850 to 1870 are shown in Table cxiv. Table CXIV.^ — Comparative summwy — 0)7, not elsewhere, s; 1850 to 1870. 1830 Number of establislunents 120 Capital '■ SI, 855. 731 Wage-earners, average number I 1, 607 Total wages ' S342, 233 Cost ol materials used 83,394,320 Value of products i S4, 853, 163 1860 1850 66 82,538,201 429 5174,032 S5, 449, 354 56,633,633 60 $2,826,200 602 $211,596 16, 636, 979 17,906,654 The decreases shown during these decades were due largely to the gradual lessening of the whale oil industry. In ISSO the classifications were "oU, lubricating," "oU, illuminating, not including petroleum refining," "oil, resin," and " oil, neat's-foot." The classifications in 1890 were the same as in 1880, except for "oil, neat's-foot," which, as stated in a note to the general table published at that census, was included elsewhere. Petroleum, refining. — All the products of petroleum refineries reported are included in this classification. Of these the distillates are: Neutral filtered oils. Paraffin oils. Reduced oils. Filtered cylinder oils. Fuel oils. Illuminating oils. Kaphtha and gasoline. The subsidiary products include asphaltum, black oU, coke, black naphtha, lubricating greases, paraffin wax, residuiim, and sludge acid. The products of petroleum refining are used as a base for, or as a part of, a large number of articles. Among them, as returned under this classification also as subsidiary products are candles, petrolatum (or vaseline), soap stock, and tree spray (or insecticide). FERTILIZERS AND FERTILIZER MATERIALS. Subgroup 2 contains the statistics of fertilizers and fertilizer materials. Cottonseed cake is used as a fer- tilizer and as cattle food, while the oil is utilized for various purposes, some of them justifying its classifi- cation as a food product. Of the sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids classification, sulphuric acid is used largely in the manufacture of fertilizers. This use governs the classification and places it in this sub- group. Table cxv gives the statistics of the industries grouped as fertilizers and fertilizer materials. Table CXV. — Fertilizers and fertilizer materials: 1905. INDUSTRY. Number ot estab- lish- ments. Wage- earners, average number. Value of products. Total 1,147 32,188 8162,093,120 400 715 32 14,201 16, 540 2,447 56,632,853 Oil cottonseed and cake . 96, 407, 621 9, 052, 646 The leading industry in this group is "oU, cotton- seed and cake," the value of these products consti- tuting 59.5 per cent of the total. Fertilizers. — All establishments making fertilizers as their chief product are included in this classification. The kinds of fertilizers made are: Superphosphates from minerals, bones, etc. Ammoniated fertilizers. Concentrated phosphate. Complete fertilizers. Other fertilizers. Among other products returned are : Epsom salts. I Pjrite cinder. Chemicals, not otherwise speci- Soda products, fied. Sulphuric acid. Fish scrap. Other acids. Oil. Oil, cottonseed and cake. — Cottonseed-oil mills, whether making crude oil or refining it, or both making and refining it as their principal business, are under this head. The products reported are: Linters. Meal and cake. Refined oil. Cattle feed, mixed. Crude oil. Fertilizers manufactured. Hulls. In addition, some of the reports include olein, soap, and soap stock. Some cottonseed oil is refined by es- tablishments the principal product of which is fertili- zers. Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids. — All establish- ments making as their chief product either one or more of these products are here included. Such acids are also found, as subsidiary products, under the classifi- cations "chemicals," " dyestuffs and extracts," "explosives," "fertilizers," "roofing materials," and " smelting and refining, zinc." Other products, besides sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids, are: Alums. Chloride of zinc. Fine chemicals. Hydrofluoric acid. Muriatic acid. Niter cake. Salt cake. Superphosphates. PAINTS AND DYES. The third subgroup is paints and dyes. Table oxvi gives the statistics for the industries thus grouped. Table CXVI. — Faints and dyes: 1905. Number '''■'u^™^'- establish- ments. i Wage- earners, average number. Value of products. Total Bone, ivory, and lamp black . 2,220 51,543 8161,708,098 25 98 30 449 200 2,707 1,349 9,781 33,382 1,852 2,272 647, 717 10,893,113 27,577,152 07 277 910 Oil, linseed Paints 1,287 190 141 23,937,024 23,561,699 Wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin 7,813,483 In value of products " paints" stand far in the lead, with 41.6 per cent of the total, and "oU, linseed," is clxxiv MANUFACTURES. second in value of products, with 17.1 per cent of the total. Bone, ivory, and laTnp Mack. — The principal products under this classification are: Mineral black (to color fertili- zers). Pulp black. Boneblack. Ivory black. Gas carbon black. Lampblack. | There are carbon blacks, as a subsidiary product, under "paints." Among subsidiary products under the main classification are glue, printers' ink, raw bone meal, steamed bone, aad sulph'i.te of -immonia. Dyestuffs and extracts. — In this classification are es- tablishments manufacturing dyestuffs, natural and artificial, and extracts for tanning purposes, as their chief product. These principal products include, be- sides dyestuffs: Chrome tannage solution. Ground bark. Ground and chipped wood. Ground sumac. Hemlock extract. Iron liquor. Logwood extract. Mordants. Oak and chestnut extract. Palmetto extract. Red liquor. Sumac extract. Tannic acid. Turkey red oil. Among subsidiary products are gums and dextrins, castor oil, castor pomace, charcoal, chemicals (such as muriatic acid, etc.), nitric acid, and sizes. Dyestuffs and extracts are also found under "chemicals" and "ink, writing." Oil, linseed. — Linseed oil is the principal product ob- tained from flaxseed, but the totals representing this classification also include the products of meal and cake, or the solid matter of the seed after the oil is ex- tracted. Linseed oil will also be found under "chem- icals," "ink, printing," "oilcloth and linoleum, floor," "paints," and "varnishes," as a subsidiary product. While the manufacture of "flaxseed" oil is one of the pioneer industries of the United States, the records in the censuses prior to 1850 are not suitable for com- parison with the growth of the industry since that time. However, the first census of manufactures, taken in 1810, demonstrates the fact that even then its manu- facture had reached considerable proportions. At that census the industry was reported from 16 states and territories, representing a total of 374 establish- ments with an annual value of products of $819,225. Pennsylvania led with 171 establishments and products valued at $518,421. At the census of 1820 the industry was returned from 12 states. In 1840 the statistics of the industry were included probably with those of "oil mills." Table cxvii shows the statistics as returned at the censuses of 1850, 1860, and 1870. Table CXVII. — Comparative summary — oil, linseed: 1850 to 1870. 1870 Number of establishments Capi tal Wage-earners, average number. Total wages Cost of materials used Value of products 77 $3,862,956 945 $468, 387 $7,216,414 $8,881,962 1860 94 $2, 592, 550 814 $284, 694 $5,044,267 $5,981,843 1850 168 $896, 650 479 $143,664 $1,477,645 $1,948,934 Paints. — Under this classification are establishments producing pigments, paints, fillers, etc., as their prod- uct of chief value. Among the pigments are : White lead, dry and in oil. Oxides of lead. Lampblack and other carbon blacks. Paints in oil, already mixed for use. Barytes. Dry colors. Fine colors. Pulp colors, sold moist. Among the paints are : Paints in oil, in paste. Water paints. The fillers reported embrace liquid, paste, and dry fillers, putty, and whiting. Paints are also found as a subsidiary product in other classifications, among them "chemicals," "confectionery," "dyestuffs and ex- tracts," "graphite and graphite refining," "ink, print- ing," "lumber, planing mill products," "oilcloth, enameled," "roofing materials," "soap," and "var- nishes." Among subsidiary products under the paint classification itself are art glass products, bichromate of soda, brushes, cleaning oil, coal tar distillery prod- ucts, dextrins, disinfectants, fine chemicals, insecticides, and linseed oil. Turpentine and rosin. — The chief product of estab- lishments included under this head is the spirits of tur- pentine, the result of distillation of the resin of the long-leaf pine, the residuum being disposed of as rosin. Much spirits of turpentine is the result of the distilla- tion of long-leaf pine stumpage, and is included as a subsidiary product under " wood distillation, not in- cluding turpentine and rosin." A considerable sub- sidiary product in the industry is charcoal. Varnishes. — Here are included all kinds of varnishes and japans made as a principal product by the estab- lishments reporting. The varieties are : Baking japans and lacquers. Benzine varnishes. Damar varnishes. Drying japans and dryers. Oleoresinous varnishes. Spirit (not turpentine) var- nishes. Varnishes are also found as a subsidiary product under "chemicals," "ink, printing," "mucilage and paste," "paints," ahd "roofing materials." Among subsidiary products of the classification itself are : Alums. Axle grease. Bleached shellac. Charcoal. Coal tar distillery products. Dextrin paste. Dyestuffs, artificial and natural. Wood alcohol. RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. clxxv Wood distillation, notincluding turpentine and rosin. — This embraces establishments distilhng wood. The leading products among the principal products are re- fined and crude wood alcohol. Other products reported are: Acetate of soda. Acetone. Brown acetate of lime. Dye liquors. Formald ehyd e . Gray acetate of lime. Pyroligneou-s acid. Pyrolignite of iron. ^Yood ashes. Wood creosote. Subsidiary products under "wood distillation" in- clude charcoal, disinfectants, oil of tar, paints, spirits of turpentine, and wood preservative. DRUGS, MEDICINES, AXD LOTIONS. The number of establishments, average number of ^\•age-earners, and value of products in the fourth sub- group are shown in Table cxviii. T.4BLE CXVIII. — Drugs, medicines, and lotions: 1905. Total Drug grinding Druggists' preparations , Oil, essential Oil, castor Patent medicines and compounds Perfumery and cosmetics Number ',,.„„„ .„r„j «f iers ivlmeel Value ot establish^ ^^''""^S<^ products, ments. numoer. 21,628 240 52 4 ,245 292 981 7,410 132 43 10,980 2,082 $124, 688, 723 5, 145, 522 31,782.250 1, «i4, 662 642, 606 74, 520, 765 11,132,859 In all particulars the leading industry in this sub- group is "patent medicines and compounds," which has 7S.5 percent of the establishments, 50.8 per cent of the average number of wage-earners, and 59.8 per cent of the value of products. on, essential. — The products under this classifica- tion include the following oils; Black birch. Cedar. Erigeron (fleabane). Fireweed. Juniper. Peppermint, crude and refined. Sassafras. Spearmint, crude and refined. Spruce. Pennyroyal. Tansy. Wintergreen. Wormwood. In addition there are peppermint camphor, witch hazel extract, and mint hay, concrete oleoresin of orange and of lemon, orange juice, and perfumes. Essential oil is also found under "fiavoring extracts." Oil, castor. — Castor oil is not only found as the chief product under this classification, but as a sub- sidiary product under "chemicals" and "dyestuffs and extracts." In 1810 castor oil valued at $600 was reported from the state of Maryland, and in 1820 there was a classi- fication of" "oil, flaxseed, castor, etc.," establishments being reported from Ohio. The industry was not classified in 1840. The statistics from 1850 to 1870 are given in Table cxix. MFi; — PT 1 — 07 -xii Table CXIX. — Comparative siiniviary — oil, castor: 1850 to JS70. I INTO 1860 1850 Number of establishments I 6 Cii pitu.l I .t479, 800 W'jigo-earners, avcrago number j 94 Total wages I S4(i, 950 {'o.st nf materials used ' §.5:^7,250 Value of products I 3757,700 S137, 400 97 $41,196 $239,840 $320,370 23 $162, 820 147 $43, 824 $447,066 $593, 060 The statistics for 1905 include 4 establishments, with 4,3 wage-earners and products valued at $642,665. The increase in value since 1850, therefore, has been slight, \\'hile in the number of establishments and number of wage-earners there were marked decreases. The course of the industry as shown by the statistics has been rather inconstant, but the increase since 1900 in value of products is 62.5 per cent. Castor oil consists largely of the esters ricinolein and isoricinoleih, dihydroxystearin, and a small quantity of stearin, and does not contain normally any free acids. It is expressed from the seeds of the ricinus communis, of which it constitutes nearly half the weight, and in modern practice this expression is supplemented by treatment of the pomace with light hydrocarbon solvents to recover the last traces of oil. Perfumery and cosmetics. — Under this classification there are, among other articles, the following: Barbers' perfumery. Barbers' supplies, liquid paste. Bay rum. Breath perfumes. Cold cream. Cologne water. Complexion preparations. Dental preparations. Dentifrices. Face creams. Hair lotions. Lavender. I Massage creams. and Perfume concentrates. ] Perfumed waters. Perfumery. Petrolatum. Pomades. Rouges. Sachets. Stage make-ups. Talcum powders. Toilet preparations. Toilet waters. Perfumery and cosmetics were also reported as minor products of establishments classified under "druggists' preparations," "patent medicines and compounds," and several other classifications, but it is impracticable to segregate them and add to the total here shown in order to reach the grand total for the United States. No classification of "perfumery and cosmetics," or the equivalent thereof, appears in Census statistics until 1850. It then included fancy soaps, which inclusion was continued for 1860 and 1870. The statistics of the industry from 1850 to 1870 are shown in Table cxx. Table CXX. — Comparative summary — perfuviery and cosmetics: 1850 to 1870. Number of establishments Capital - - Wage-earners, average number. Total wages Cost of materials used Value of products 1870 64 $1,172,900 727 $260, 415 $892, 219 «2, 029, 582 1860 33 $597,000 535 $146, 076 $460, 194 SI. 222, 400 39 $197, 550 188 $43, 720 $163, 826 $356, 350 clxxvi MANUFACTURES. In the manufacture of perfumed waters, which are al- coholic solutions of mixed essential oils, the alcohol used is that form of it known as cologne spirits which has been deodorized thoroughly and freed from fusel oil. The essential oils are either dissolved separately in the alcohol or added to the solvent. Distillation is not employed, the development of the perfume being accom- plished by permitting the solution to stand for some time. Cologne waters are of this order of manufacture. Odoriferous extracts are made by charging fats and oils with the perfume of flowers, which is extracted with cold alcohol, or with glycerin, soft paraffin, or vaseline. This is the enfieurage or maceration process. Prepara- tion of pomades is also effected by this process, the basis being fatty oils, usually oil of almonds, oil of bean, or olive oil. Patent medicines and compounds; druggists' prepara- tions; and drug grinding. — The development of these in- dustries at an early date and their growth in the last half century, as shown by the various census reports, make them prominent among the manufacturing in- dustries of the country. Each industry has a separate tabulation at this census, but as the products are more or less related they will be treated together. The classification "druggists' preparations" includes drugs and standard compounds prepared especially for the use of pharmacists in filling prescriptions, making other compounds, etc. Such preparations are of stand- ard strength and purity and the formulas are well known to the medical fraternity; whereas the preparations known as patent medicines are compounded from se- cret formulas, or are goods sold under a trade-mark name. In 1890 a classification "pharmaceutical prep- arations" appeared in the chemical group, and the clas- sification "druggists' preparations" was also first used, but the former was merged in the latter classification in the censuses of 1900 and 1905. This change in classi- fication accounts for tRe very large increase in the value of products for "druggists' preparations" from 1890 to 1900. The unusual decrease in the number of estab- lishments returned for this industry from 1890 to 1900 was accounted for by the fact that the census of 1890 included in its report on manufactures all retail drug stores that made preparations on a small scale and sold them at retail prices, while the censuses of 1900 and 1905 excluded them. It is apparent, therefore, that in this industry no comparison between 1890 and 1900 is possible. However, in 1900 and 1905 the classification was similar and the results comparable. Among the articles reported by establishments in- cluded in the classification of "druggists' preparations " are: Dentifrice. Drugs. Effervescent salts. Elixirs. Embalming fluids. Face lotions. Filled gelatin capsules. Flaxseed meal. Fluid extracts. Granulated salts. Headache powders. Medicated solutions. Nebulizers. Ointments. Oleate of mercury. Pancreatin. Pepsin. Perfumes. Pharmaceuticals. Pills. Salves. Sirups. Soft elastic capsules. Special medicinal preparations. Sugar of milk. Sulphuret of potash. Suppositories. Tablets. Tartaric acid. Tinctures. Toilet articles. Toilet preparations. Vaccine virus. Vanilla essence. Acetate of copper. Antitoxins. Baby food. Bitters. Carbonate of copper. Charcoal preparations. (titrate of magnesia, ('itric acid. I Vjmplexion powders. Cough sirups. "Drug grinding" includes establishments which by powdering or pulverizing reduce drugs to forms con- venient for the use of nianufacturers of druggists' prep- arations and patent medicines, and for the filling of prescriptions for sale to the general public. Drug grinding is carried on to a large extent in connection with the manufacture of pharmaceutical and other preparations, so that the Census figures are far from representing the true magnitude of the industry. The first reports for drug grinding as a separate in- dustry occurred at the census of 1860, when 3 estab- lishments with a capital of $45,500, and employing 16 wage-earners, who received $5,544 in wages, produced an output valued at $107,500. In the censuses of 1870 and 1880 the industry was included evidently with chemicals. However, the censuses of 1890, 1900, and 1905 segregated the industry and during the fifteen years it has grown rapidly until now the annual prod- ucts are valued at over $5,000,000. The establishments included in the classification of "drug grinding" report the following among other products : Barks. Herbs. Botanical drugs. Licorice paste. Flaxseed meal. Peels. Flowers. Powdered licorice root Ground charcoal. Boots. Gums. Seeds. The census of 1810 shows that "drugs" were manu- factured in three states, namely, Louisiana, New Jer- sey, and Pennsylvania, the last state reportins; a product of $126,950. In 1820 medicines were manu- factured in Connecticut, Maryland, and Vermont. The census of 1840 combined the products of "medicinal drugs, paints, and dyes," which amounted to $4,151,899, over one-half of the total amoimt being credited to Penn- sylvania. At the census of 1850 a separate classifica- tion was made for " patent medicines and compounds." This classification included the many secret remedies prepared and placed on the market for sale. The sta- tistics as reported at each census from 1850 to 1870, inclusive, are given in Table cxxi. RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. clxxvii Table CXXI. — Comparative smnmary — patent medicines and com- pounds: 1850 to 1870. Number ot establishments ] 319 Capital ' SB. (.07, 684 Wage-earners, average number i 2, 436 Total wages $1, 017, 795 Cost of materials used I $7, 319, 752 Value ol products i SIO, 257, 720 1860 1850 173 51,977,385 1,059 $372, 127 $1,492,248 $3,405,594 143 $1,427,375 827 $276, 488 $1,657,880 S3, 608, 465 Among the articles reported by establishments classed as "patent medicines and compounds" are the following : Hive sirups. Hoof paste. Horse liniment and powders. Insect exterminators. Kid plasters. Kidney pills. Liquid lotions. Massage creams. Medicated shampoo Mentholatum. Mexican soap. Xer-\-ine tabules. Nonalcoholic remedy. Ointments. Pain cure. Pepsin. Petroleum jelly. Pharmaceutical specialties. Pills. Pine tar gum. Poultry food and remedies. Preservative and filler for belt- Antiseptic shaving liquid. Asthma cure. Attar compound. Belt dressing. Bitters. Boiler compounds. Breath perfumes. Catarrh specifics. Cathartic pills. Compounds for reclaiming to- bacco. Constitution tablets. Consumption cure. Corn cure. Cough balsam. Cough cure. Cough disks. Cream of sage and sulphur. Dandruff cure. Dental specialties. Disinfectants. Dyspepsia tablets. Elixirs. Embalming fluids. Emulsion of cod liver oil. Eye salve. Flavoring extracts. Fluid extracts. Fly paper. Foot powders. French hair grower. Gall cure. Germicide. Hair food. Hair restorer. mg. Rat meal. Rheumatic remedies. Shampoo liquid. Sirups. Stomach bitters. Toilet articles. Tonic for hair. Tooth powder. Veterinary medicines and sup- plies. Worm compounds. Total Blacking Bluing Cleansing and polishing preparations Glue Soap Starch Number ol es- tablish- ments. 975 138 56 156 58 430 131 earners, average number. 17, 699 1,218 206 664 2,804 11,044 1,803 Value of products. CLEANSERS, POLISHERS, AND SIZES. The fifth subgroup embraces all industries of the chemical group used for cleansing, polishing, and sizing purposes. The statistics >f these are shown in Table CXXII. Table CXXII. — Cleansers, polishers, and sizes: 1905. $95, 722, 461 5, 941, 042 678, 737 2,710,393 10,034,685 68,274,700 8,082,904 Soap. — This classification includes 44.7 per cent of the establishments, 62.4 per cent of the wage-earners, and 71.3 per cent of the value of products of the group. It covers all establishments reporting soap of what- ever kind as a chief product. The 'schedule called for hard soaps as follows: Foots. Olein. Powdered. Tallow. Toilet (including medicated, shaving, and other special All othe Soft soap, special soap articles, and glycerin are also included. A very large quantity of soap is made by establishments engaged in slaughtering and meat pack- ing, wholesale. Other classifications under which it appears are "dyestuffs and extracts," "grease and tal- low," "oil, cottonseed and cake," "oil, lard," "oil, not elsewhere specified," "patent medicines and com- pounds," and "perfumery and cosmetics." Subsidiary products under the main classification include bleach- ing agents, boiler compounds, glycerin, hides, per- fumeries, red oil, and sal soda. Starch. — All kinds of starch, whatever their use, for food, laundry, or mill purposes, are included under this head, when reported as a chief product. The kinds^ according to the material used, are: Corn . Potato.' Root. Wheat. The subsidiary products include bluing, cattle food,, corn oil, gluten food (cattle food), paste, and size.. Starch, as a subsidiary product, is found under "bak- ing and yeast powders," "flavoring extracts," "food preparations," and "glucose" — the last classification; containing a very large quantity. , (/lue. — Glue is a partly purified gelatin used in cer- tain of the arts for its adhesive qualities, and in sizing; preparations for glazing textiles and paper, for which purpose its consumption has increased greatly. Hide glue is made, as its name indicates, from hides which are boiled after being cleaned with lime, caustic soda, and sulphuric acid; bone glue, from bones, treated with hydrochloric acid; fish glue, from the skin, scales,, and muscular tissue of the larger fish. The waste or residuum is used for fertilizer. All kinds of glue — hide, bone, fish, liquid, or other — - are here classified. Some of them are also found, as; subsidiary products, under "bone, ivory, and lamp, black," "fertilizers," "grease and tallow," "leather,, tanned, curried, and finished," "mucilage and paste," "oil, not elsewhere specified," and "slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale." Subsidiary products of the glue industry include curled hair, desiccated fish, fer- tilizers, gelatin, grease, oil, prepared rawhide trim- mings, sandpaper, and tankage. Glue appeared as a classification at the census of 1810, Maryland and Pennsylvania being represented. It did not appear again until 1850. The statistics, from that year to 1870 are shown in Table oxxnL clxxviii MANUFACTURES. Table i -XXIII. — Comparative summary — glue: 1850 to 1870. Table C'XXIV. — Comparative summary — bluing: 1870 and 1860. Number of establishments Capital Wage-earners, average number Total wages Cost of materials used Value of products 70 81,964,800 800 $309, 673 $882, 981 SI, 709, 605 1860 1850 62 $1,052,900 375 $305,964 $537,276 $1,185,625 47 $519, 950 391 $99, 432 $371,616 $662, 405 The statistics of the industry for 1905 show 58 estab- hshments, 2,864 wage-earners, and products valued at $10,034,685. The industry has increased fifteenfold in value of products since 1850. The period of greatest increase was for the semidecade ending with the census of 1905, when it was 86.2 per cent. Cleansing mid polishing preparations. — Cleansing and polishing preparations first appeared as a separate classification at the census of 1870, when 21 establish- ments with a capital of $370,800 were reported. There were 98 wage-earners, having wages of $37,087; the cost of materials used was $214j696 and the value of products, $323,015. In 1905 the number of establishments was 156; the average number of wage-earners, 564, an increase over 1900 of 11 per cent; and the value of products, $2,710,393, an increase of 23.6 per cent. This classification includes the following and similar compounds : Paste. Polishing materials. Silver polishes. Stove polish. Wall paper cleaner. Washing powder. Cleansing compounds. Copper polishes. Fell polish. Floor dressing. Furniture polish. Liquid polishes. Oil polish. Some of these preparations are also found, as sub- sidiary products, under "baking and yeast powders," "blacking," "bluing," "flavoring extracts," "muci- lage and paste," "paints," "soap," and "varnishes." The subsidiary products under the classification are enamel, platers' supplies, polish brushes, and shoe 'polish. Bluing. — Bluing is a soluble compound used in laun- dry work to neutralize the yellowish tinge of white clothes. All bluing was formerly a composition of indigo, but more recently artificial coloring matter, such as Prussian blue and the coal tar colors, has come into use. The first census to show the classification of "bluing " was that of 1860. The statistics for that je&r and 1870 are given in Table cxxiv. 1870 Number of establishments Capital Wage-earners, average number Total wages Cost of materials used Value of products I860 11 1 $52,500 $500 64 1 $17,975 S288 $37, 422 81,706 $92, 100 S3, 000 Among varieties here enumerated which appear under "bluing" are: Diamond blue. I Washing fluid. Laundry wash blue. Bluing is also found, as a subsidiary product, under several classifications, including "baking and yeast powders," "blacking," "flavoring extracts," and "per- fumery and cosmetics." Blacking. — Blacking involves the use of a pigment, usually ivory black, boneblack, or lampblack, mixed with a combination of oil, vinegar, beer, molasses, water, and hydrochloric or sulphuric acid. Harness blacking usually contains glue, gelatin, gum arable, or some resinous compounds. Sulphuric acid added to ivory black and sugar produces sulphate of lime and soluble acid phosphate of lime, making a paste which is the foundation of many blackings. The classification "blacking" did not appear in Census statistics until 1860. The statistics for that year and for 1870 are given in Table cxxv. Table (_'XXV. — Covtparatire suvimary — Hacking: 1870 and 1860. Number of establishments Capital Wage-earners, average number. Total wages Cost of materials used Value of products 1870 32 $266, 750 305 8107,450 8428,716 $817,768 18 $183, 050 185 $42,520 $195, 378 $320,940 This classification includes establishments producing blacking of various kinds as their chief product. Among the varieties are: Dressings and blackings for leather. Harness dressing. Harness grease. Harness wax. Leather dressing. Leather stains and l:ilac'kings. Liquid dressings. Shoe blacking. Shoe dressings. Shoe paste. Shoe polishes. Shoe wax. Shoemakers' waxes. The stove polishes shown may be classed as sub- sidiary products. Some of the principal products are found also, as subsidiary products, under "bluing" and "cleansing and polishing preparations." RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. clxxix CHEMICALS. The purely chemical manufactures can not be grouped with any of the other classifications in the chemical group. They are used in a great variety of ways in many industries and particular!}- in comjiound- ing many compositions of matter. The chemical manufactures schedule called for the quantity and value of the following products: Cyanides. Acids. Alums. Bleaching materials. Blue vitriol. Chemical substances produce- by electricity. Coal tar products. Compressed or liquefied gases. Copperas. Cream of tartar. Epsom salts. Fine chemicals. Glycerin. Phosphate nf soda. Plastics. Potashes. Sodas. Tin salts There are at least 26 classifications in which some kind of chemical found in the chemical manufacture proper is included as a subsidiary product. EXPLOSIVES. Xo other classification in the cheitiical group in- cludes articles the uses of which are similar to those of explosives. The schedule used in collecting the sta- tistics called for the quantity and value of the following products: Blasting powder. Dj'naniilc. Fulminating mercury, (•tin cdllon nr jiymxylin. Gunpowder. Nitroglycerin. Smolvi'lcss i)owder. Sul)si(liary products reported arc acids and saltpeter. Explosives were reported as subsidiary products under "ammunition'' and "chemicals." CLAY, GLASS, AND STONE PRODUCTS. The manufactures of brick and tile, of pottery, terra cotta, and fire d&y, and of glass are the principal prod- ucts of this group, which includes 19 industries. The group contains 10,77.5 establishments with products amounting to ,1391,230,422, or 2.6 per cent of the total of all industries in the United States. While all of the industries of the group are related through a general similarity in the materials consumed, a further and perhaps a more natural grouping brings together those whose raw material of chief value was clay, or stone, or sand. Clay products. — Table cxxvi summarizes the sta- tistics for the 5 industries in most of which clay was the chief material. Table CXXVI.— CLAY PPvODUCTS: 1905. INDUSTKY. Number of establish- ments. To.al Brick and tile China decorating Kaolin and ground earths Pottery, terra cotta, and fire clay products Statuary and art goods The products of the brickj^ards and pottery works form 95 per cent of the total products for this sub- group of industries. These two industries are allied closely, as bricks and other products included under "brick and tile" are manufactured frequently in the establishments classed as "pottery, terra cotta, and fire .,801 Capital. S243,l 1,067 4,634 28 131 I S73 ' 135 119,956,959 260, 655 10, 196, 793 110,926,018 1,668,642 WAGE-EAENEES. Average number. 122,338 66,021 225 2, 157 52, 428 1,507 555,851, 28.646.005 99, 137 898, 700 25,177,665 1,030,481 Cost of mate- rials used. $35,276,883 16,316,499 107, 647 1,868,901 16,591,462 392,374 Value of products. 8142,535,057 71,152,062 326,679 4, 438, 794 64,200,792 2,416,730 clay products." The next largest product was re- ported for "kaolin and ground earths." This classifi- cation includes, in addition to kaolin, the grinding of such products as feldspar, silex, dry paints, silica sand, whiting, corundum, barytes, and manganite. clxxx MANUFACTURES. DiAGEvM 16.-CLAY PRODUCTS (BRICK AND TILE, POTTERY AND TERRA COTTA)-VALUE BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905. MILLIONS OF DOLLARS OHIO pennsylvania new jersey il'linois NEW YORK INDIANA MISSOURI CALIFORNIA IOWA .WEST VIRGINIA KENTUCKY KANSAS MARYLAND MICHIGAN MASSACHUSETTS VIRGINIA WISCONSIN GEORGIA MINNESOTA TEXAS COLORADO TENNESSEE CONNECTICUT NEBRASKA ALABAMA WASHINGTON LOUISIANA ARKANSAS NORTH CAROLINA MISSISSIPPI MAINE SOUTH CAROLINA NEW HAMPSHIRE OREGON UTAH DIST. OF COLUMBIA OKLAHOMA MONTANA INDIAN TERRITORY FLORIDA DELAWARE NORTH DAKOTA VERMONT IDAHO SOUTH DAKOTA NEW MEXICO ARIZONA NEVADA WYOMING Map 1-j. — Clay products — value per square mile: 1905. I I Less than $ 10 to a squam mile WM 8 10 to 100 to a sijuare mile S 100 to 1000 to a square mile S^ 8 1000 and over The manufacture of "statuary and art goods" is a distinctive branch of the industry, and it is probable that considerable material other than clay is used in the manufacture. China decorating of the class included in this classification consists largely of hand- work and adds considerable value to the products of the china and porcelain factories. Stone products. — Table cxxvii summarizes the sta- tistics for the industries in which stone is used largely as a material. The 5 classifications covering the production of grindstones, hones, whetstones, mantels, monuments, tombstones, and other marble and stone work, largely adjuncts of the quarry industries, form 58 per cent of the products of the subgroup and represent practically all products, included in the census of manufactures, in which the value of the marble or stone is enhanced l)_y cutting, carving, or dressing. These industries de- pend upon the cjuarry for raw material, and a large RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. •Ixxxi proportion of the products are manufactured at the quarries in connection with the regular quarry work. In such cases the statistics for the operations of the entire estabHshment are included in the census of man- ufactures, as the stone working industries and quar- rying are so intimately connected that it is impossible to make a satisfactory segregation of the data for the two Inaiiches. Quarries were included in the census of mines, and for information concerning them refer- ence should be made to the Census Report on ]\Iines and Quarries, which covered the calendar year ending December ol, 1002. Table (.'XXVII.— STONE PltoDUlTS: 19(15 Total Artiflcial stone Cement Crucibles Emery wheels Grindstones i Gypsum wall plaster Hones and whetstones Lime Mantels, slate, marble, and marbleized Marble and stone work Monuments and tombstones Number of estab- lish- ments. 11 34 25 176 17 626 4 1,165 1,439 Capital. S210, 224, 770 3,315,910 85,758,954 1,577,051 2,248,744 1,930,706 13,203,772 423,601 22,696,020 141,954 63,210,814 15,817,344 WAGE-EARNERS. Average number. .SS,030 2, ,506 17, 478 280 NOl 726 3,758 220 11,152 87 38,399 12,624 Wages. 849, 597, 761 1, 402, 868 8,814,077 159,219 451,016 289, 400 1,890,360 94, 428 4,597,113 56, 403 23,629,867 8,213,030 Cost of mate- Value of prod- rials used. ucts. S62,269,245 1, 430, 238 12,216,113 761,851 706,220 321,894 4,726,919 103,334 5, 437, 150 96, 735 17,717,374 8,755,417 $148,344,279 4, 128, 221 29,873,122 1,342,716 2, 062, 120 871,022 10, 164, 185 307, 789 14, 751, 170 223, 706 68,931,621 26,688,607 1 Includes 2 establishments manufacturing millstones distributed as follows: Maryland, 1; New York, 1. The other industries included in the table depend almost entirely upon the quarry for their raw material, but grind, crush, and otherwise treat the products so as to adapt them to other uses. The assignment of ' ' crucibles ' ' to this group is ques- tionable, as plumbago is one of the principal materials used in their manufacture. Sand products. — Sand is the principal material of the basic industry of the three remaining industries of the group, and the statistics for all are summarized in Table cxxviii. The manufacture of glass is the basic industry of this subgroup ; the other industries represent the remanu- facture of glass by subjecting it to further processes, and there is present in the value of products for the group therefore a large duplication. Table CXXVIII.— SAXD PRODUCTS: 1905. mOUSTKY. Total Glass Glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting Mirrors Number of estab- lish- ments. 399 463 119 Capital. $100,613,845 89,389,151 7,365,226 3,869,469 WAGE-EAENEES. Average number. 74,997 63,969 8,379 2,649 $43,022,164 37, 288, 148 4,369,199 1,374,807 Cost of mate- rials used. 26,145,522 4,845,393 4,587,349 Value of prod- ucts. $100,351,086 79,607,998 13, 137, 653 7,605,435 METALS AXD METAL PRODUCTS, OTHER THAN IRON AND STEEL. This group embraces 34 industries, including the smelting and refining of copper, lead, and zinc; the re- duction and refining of gold and silver (not from the ore) ; the rolling of brass and copper; and the remanu- facture of these metals into highly finished products, such as watches, clocks, jewelry, silverware, brassware, and needles and pins. Copper is consumed largely in 3stablishments engaged in the manufacture of electrical apparatus and supplies, but so many other kinds of materials are consumed in the production of electrical supplies that the industry has been included in the group of "miscellaneous industries." At the census of 1905 compared with that of 1900 the gross value of products for the group as shown in Table lxxiv increased from .1710,525,157 to $922,262,456, or 29. s per cent. Although the products of some of the industries consist of alloys such as babbitt metal, solder, and brass, the vast majority of them are finished highly and are of the most delicate character, involving the more complicated processes of manufacture. Jewelry. — Je\\elry and the allied industries, silver- smithing and silverware and plated ware, are credited at the census of 1905 with 36,941 wage-earners and products valued at $86,065,270. The classification "jewelry" includes establishments manufacturing, as chief products, metallic ornaments for personal adornment, whether of base or precious metals and with or without gems, real or imitation, such as bracelets, brooches, comb mountings, earrings, ear screws, neck and watch chains, pendants, rings, scarf pins, etc. It includes, also, diamond setting for the clxxxii MAXUFACTURES. trade and the manufacture of opera glass holders, sleeve buttons, cane and umbrella ornaments, collar buttons, studs, gold and silver purses, fobs, mountings for pipes and whips, thimbles, match boxes, pen and pencil cases, medals, badges, and jewelers' findings, such as rolled gold plate and gold filled wire. Some of these articles are found as minor products in establishments classified under " silversmithing and silverware," while plated jewelry is among the minor products of establishments manufacturing plated ware. Providence, R. I., Attleboro and North Attleboro, Mass., Newark, N. J., Philadelphia, Pa., and New York, N. Y., have long been the centers of the manufacture of jewelry. The reports for the census of 1860 are the first that can be accepted as representative of the industry, and the totals for that census and the census of 1870 are given in Table cxxix. - Table CXXIX. — Comparative summary — jewelry: 1870 and 1860. 681 Sll,787,956 10, 091 84,433,235 89,187,364 Value of products I 822, 104, 032 Number of establishments Capital Wa^e-earners, average number- Wages Cost of materials used . 1860 463 85, 180, 723 6,947 82,605,066 $6, 102, 500 $10,415,811 In 1860 there were in addition 8 establishments making "hair jewelry" having products valued at $45,600, and employing 42 wage-earner Silversmithing and silverware; and plated ware. — These industries are allied closely, but statistics for them are shown separately in Table 3. In "silversmithing and silverware" are included articles of silver, slightly al- loyed, such as tableware of all kinds, hollow and flat, articles for the dresser, made entire]^ of or mounted with silver, and a multitude of novelties made of the metal and often gold plated. "Plated ware " consists of articles similar to those enumerated under "silver- smithing and silverware," but made of a base metal overlaid with more or less of the precious metals. The distinction drawn between products classed under "jewelry" and those classed under "silver- smithing and silverware" and "plated ware" appears to be one of utility. With few exceptions "jewelry" includes articles intended primarily for the adornment of the person, their utility being of secondary or no importance, whereas "silversmithing and silverware" and "plated ware" embrace articles for the most part of general utility. Frequently silverware and plated ware are made at the same factorj^ and in such cases the assignment of the report to either class depends UDon the product of chief value. The statistics for the two classifications under con- sideration were shown separately in 1860 as "manu- factures of silver" and "silver plated and britannia ware" and in INTO they appeared as " silverwar(> " and "plated ware." In Table cxxx the figures for the industries are combined for each of these censuses. Table CXXX. — Comparative summary — silverware and plated ware: 1870 and 1860. 1870 1860 Number of establishments Capiial Wage-earners, average number Total wages Cost of materials used Value of prolucts 258 .83, 868, 675 5,060 S2, 892, 282 84,994,409 $10,486,507 234 ?3, 249, 590 3,843 $1,488,896 $4,005,.';"C 87.248,114 The great increase in the silver plated ware industry began about 1846 with the application of electro- silver plating, patented in England in 1836. Previ- ously, plated silverware was made by attaching a thin strip of silver to the base by means of solder. The new plated ware found a ready and very profitable sale. Goods of many varieties, stjdes, and qualities were pro- duced by means of improvements in methods, ma- chines, and dies for stamping and preparing the blanks, and the manufacture increased rapidly. Britannia ware, made of an alloy susceptible of a high polish, an- swered the general demand for spoons, drinking cups, teapots, etc. Although lapidary work is essential to the produc- tion of jewelr}^ containing precious stones, the cutting and polishing of the stones is a distinct uidustry and one that is not otherwise related to the group "metals and metal products, other than iron and steel;" it is therefore classed with the "miscellaneous" group. Bahbitt metal and solder. — This classification em- braces all fusible alloj^s which are used for joining metals, antifriction alloys in common use for lining bushings for bearings, and type metal of various kinds. These alloys are composed of the white metals, and, in the case of babbitt metal, also of copper. For this rea- son they are conveniently manufactured in and often appear as the product of the same plant; and there- fore, notwithstanding the dissimilar uses to ^\■hich they are applied, are classed together hj the Census Bureau. Babbitt metal, which was invented b}' Isaac Bab- bitt, of Boston, Mass., in 1S39, is a white antifriction alloy of copper, tin, and antimony, in proportions vary- ing according to the use for which the alloy is intended. The value of the invention \\as recognized by Congress, which voted $20,000 to the inventor. "Solder" is an inclusive term, which may embrace any fusible alloy to l)e used for joining metals. Tin and lead, in proportions varying according to the purpose for which it is to be applied, compose the alloy. There are numerous solders for special metals, such as gold, silver, and platinum. A gold solder must have an affinity for the metals which it is to join, and melt at a consideral)ly lower temperature. In the Report on Manufactures for the census of 1860 appears the classification " metal, prepared and white," which may have included solder, and possibly babbitt RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. clxxxiii metal. There appears to have boon no attempt to show these alloys separately prior to 1860. The classi- fication in its present form first appeared in the Census reports of 1870, when products valued at $309,900 were reported. The growth of the industry since 1880, as shown by Table 1, has been extraordinary and is due largely to the immense increase in the consumption of solder and type metal in the canning, and the printing and pub- lishing industries, and to the conunon use of antifric- tion alloys as linings for shells or bushings for bearings. The cost of materials is the principal item of expense in the manufacture of these metals. It has formed more than three-fourths of the gross value of products reported at each census since 1870. The processes are comparatively simple and add but little to the cost of the material. At the census of 1905 tliree states — New York, Illi- nois, and Missouri — produced 68.7 per cent of these alloys, New York leading with a product valued at $4,965,979, Illinois following with $2,500,418, and Mis- souri ranking third with $1,531,604. Bells. — Included under this' heading are all hollow, cup-shaped metallic spheres which, by means of a striker or clapper, are made to give forth a more or less musical sound. The classification includes all varieties, ranging in size from the small tinkling bell used for ornamental purposes to the sonorous church bell weighing several tons. It is probable that some establishments included in the classification of "hard- ware" manufacture the smaller varieties of bells; therefore the classification does not represent the en- tire production. . From the reports for the census of 1810 it appears that the industry existed at that time in Massachu- setts and Pennsylvania. In Massachusetts iron foun- dries v\'ere reported as casting bells, with products valued at $8,555, while Philadelphia had 10 "foun- dries" engaged in the manufacture, with products valued at $63,000. In subsequent censuses up to 1860, this classification was not shown separately. In 1860, 9 establishments appeared, with p'-oducts val- ued at $224,500, which had increased to $1,023,010 ten years later. From 1870 to the present census only slight increases in the manufacture of bells have been recorded by Census figures. In fact, it would appear that at the Eleventh Census the production was val- ued at a quarter of a million dollars less than that of the Tenth Census. It is impossible to state whether this decrease was actual or due to a difference in classi- fication, but since the Twelfth Census showed an in- crease of nearlj^ $200,000 over the census of 1880, it would appear that the latter cause is the more prob- able explanation. The metal used principally in the manufacture of bells is an alloy of copper and tin, which is called bell metal. There is some controversy as to the proper proportions of these metals for the production of the finest bells, but the method now commonly accepted is to mix fotir, or sometimes three, parts of copper with one part of tin. Steel has come into use in comparatively recent years, but bells cast from this metal have not proven ecjual to those cast from bell metal. The casting of the bell is a process of founding. It consists of constructing a core of brickwork covered evenly with clay to conform exactly with the interior dimensions of the bell. On this core is laid a model of the future bell, constructed of hair and earth, which is covered with a third and heavy shell. This shell is then lifted and the model broken away from the core, so that upon replacing the shell the metal may be run into the space formerly occupied by the model. The use of small call bells in houses and hotels is nearly universal in this country, and the old mechan- ical contrivances for ringing them have been sup- planted by the push button, magnet, and storage battery. In these small bells lead, arsenic, antiniony, or zinc may be added to the copper and tin, and oftentimes brass and German silver are utilized. Brass and copper manufactures. — The industries rep- resented by the classifications "brass," "brass and copper, rolled," "brass castings and brass finishing," "brassware," and "bronze castings," which are shown separately in Table 3, are allied closely to each other, not only because of the similarity in the materials used, but also because the same class of products is manufac- tured frecjuently by establishments in the different industries. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, with sometimes small additions of lead and tin, and bronze is an alloy of copper and tin, with sometimes a little zinc and lead. Not infrequentij^ the major product of one of these industries is the minor product of an- other, and in many cases the products are incapable of segregation. The major product controls the clas- sification, and hence an establishment manufacturing both brass and bronze castings may appear in the industry classified as "brass castings and brass fin- ishing ' ' at one- census and in the industry classified as "bronze castings" at another census. Included under "brass" are the statistics of estab- lishments making brass and marketing it as such in the form of ingots or shapes for remanufacture. If an establishment not only makes the brass but rolls it and markets the products in the form of bars, rods, or sheets, then it falls into the industry "brass and copper, rolled;" or if its major products are in the form of castings, then it comes under "brass castings and brass finishing." The majority of the establish- ments manufacturing brassware purchase the ingot brass and the rods, sheets, tubes, or wire used in manufacture, but some of the largest establishments make their own brass and carry the manufacture through to the innumerable finished products included under the general title "brassware." clxxxiv MANUFACTURES. The products of these industries are consumed to a considerable extent in the ' manufacture of gas and lamp fixtures, and gas and lamp fixtures are often the minor products of establishments included in the brass industries, while brass castings and brassware are some- times the minor products of establishments classed as "gas and lamp fixtures." , The six separate classifica- tions are thus so closely related that in many cases it is impossible to make a classification of the reports of separate factories which would result in the totals con- veying a correct idea of the magnitude of the operations of the different branches of the group. The statistics show that the tendency now is to con- centrate the manufacture froni start to finish under one management, from the manufacture of the brass to the completion of the highly finished final products ; whereas formerly the manufacture of the alloy as a separate business was an important industry. There- fore a better idea of the brass and copper industry will be obtained by considering as a group the industries which compose it rather than by studying each indus- try separately, since they are subject to fluctuations due to^the shifting of individual establishments from one classification to another at different census years. Viewed separately, according to the classification, the manufacture of brass shows a progressive and heavy decrease for each census period, due to the fact that more establishments making finished brass products or rolled or cast brassware make their own brass than formerly; but when the totals for the group are con- sidered they show a vigorous growth. Table cxxxi shows the value of products for the brass and bronze industries as a group (not including gas and lamp fixtures) for the years 1890, 1900, and 1905. Table CXXXI. — Value of products of brass and bronze manufactures and rolled copper: 1890 to 1905. 1905 1900 ! 1890 i Total 5102,407,104 888,653,987 ' S50,056,101 700,772 51,912,853 29,671,928 17,499,056 2, 622, 495 1,419,817 ' 2,649,860 44,309,829 ' 8,381,472 ^,891,248 i 24,344,434 16,803,764 i 13,615,172 2,229,329 1,185,163 Brass and copper, rolled Brass castings and brass finishing Brassware It must be borne in mind that this statement neces- sarily includes large duplications, the products of some establishments becoming the material for others. This table does not include the brass and copper wire product frora the "wire" industry, which amounted in 1905 to $19,657,743 and in 1900 to $4,278,635; the figures for 1890 are not available. Of the total value of this wire reported for 1905, over 95 per cent was marketed as either copper wire or insulated wire and cables. This amount added to the value of the copper wire produced by rolling mills makes a total value of approximately $26,000,00(1. These wire products were in the main manufactured from bars and rods made by industries included in Table cxxxi. It is evident that some method should be devised of classifying the reports so as to obtain consistent totals for the separate classifications, or the separation should be abandoned and one total given, covering the classes "brass," "brass and copper, rolled," "brass castings and brass finishing," and "brassware." The "bronze castings" industry is a substantially distinct industry, with the lines of separation from the brass industries fairly distinct. Plumbers' supplies. — The products included in this classification consist chiefiy of pipes, faucets, valves, sinks, laundry and bath tubs, hydrants, hose connec- tions, plumbers' woodwork, and fittings used in the construction of the water, light, ventilating, and sewerage systems of buildings and cities. Some of the products are similar to those included in the classifica- tions "foundry and machine shop products," "brass castings and brass finishing," "steam fittings and heat- ing apparatus," and "pottery, terra cotta, and fire clay products." Therefore the statistics should not be accepted as representing the total production of the articles used for the purposes indicated. Plumbers' supplies are consumed in building trades, in the construction of water and gas systems, and in similar industries, which were represented to some extent by the classifications "plumbing, and gas and steam fitting," and "masonry, brick and stone," which were included in tlie statistics of manufactures for prior censuses but omitted from the factory census of 1905. While the reports for the censuses priorto 1890 contain information concerning the manufacture of plumbers' supplies, the statistics are so interwoven with those for the building trades that it is impracticable to make a segregation that would convey a correct idea of the magnitude of the industry. The statistics given in Table 1 indicate that at each census since 1890 the in- dustry has increased. Stamped ware. — This classification represents a great variety of articles which are stamped out from sheet metal and made, principally, from sheet iron or steel, black plates, tin plates, brass, aluminum, and German silver. The "stamped ware " industry is in fact much larger than the statistics indicate, for the process of forming articles from sheet metal by presses and dies is employed extensively in a number of the industries. A large part of the products in the industry ' ' enamehng and enameled goods" are stamped forms that have been given an enameled coating or finish; metal but- tons, also, are to a large degree the products of stamp- ing; and in "brassware," "gas and lamp fixtures," and "structural ironwork," a large amount of ware is formed by stamping processes. In addition a small amount of stamped ware is made by rolling mills, RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. clxxxv which roll the plates or sheets and carry the manu- facture through to the finished stamped product. The following are some of the most important prod- ucts of the class : Architectural sheet metal ornaments, bag frames and trimmings, belt fasteners, bottle caps, brush backs, buckles, buttons, badges, caps for jars, checks, comb ornaments, cooking utensils, covers for dishes, ferrules, hat and millinery ornaments, harness orna- ments, labels, letters and signs, pocketbook trimmings, purse frames, satchel frames and locks, screw caps and oilers, shade reflectors, suspender trimmings, toilet nov- elties, trays, and umbrella mountings. Tliis list is only representative and by no means ex- haustive, since many of the articles will be found as minor products in the related industries above noted. Although drop presses for stamping ware were used in the United States as early as 1833, the statistics for "stamped ware" were first shown separately in the census of 1880, when the value of the product was $3,997,926. It is not practicable to assemble from the different industries all products mad^e by the process of stamp- ing, for in many cases they are so merged with other products that a segregation is impossible. Table cxxxii, however, shows the value of stamped products for 1905 so far as they can be segregated. Table CXXXII. — Products — stamped ware: 1905. Total Stamped ware EnameliBg and enameled goods Buttons, metal Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Value. S33, 537, 453 21,968,049 10,027,965 1, 258, 616 292, 923 The stamped ware manufactured in establishments classified as "enameling and enameled goods" consti- tutes nearly two-thirds of the products of that industry, and the value of the products as given necessarily in- cludes the value added to the ware by the enameling of the stamped forms. TOBACCO. The manufacture of cigars and cigarettes and of chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff are the only industries included in this group. Establishments en- gaged exclusively in the assorting, stemming, and re- handling of tobacco were omitted from the factory census of 1905, although included in prior censuses. When the assorting and stemming was done in con- nection with the manufacture of cigars and cigarettes or of chewing and smoking tobacco, the data for these processes were included. The quantities of the differ- ent classes of products for these industries are reported to the Bureau of Internal Revenue of the Treasurj^ Department and therefore were not compiled by the Census. Both the absolute and the relative increases were greater during the period from 1900 to 1905 than dur- ing the decade ending with 1900. At the census of 1905 as compared with 1900 the number of establish- ments increased 1,869, or 12.5 per cent, and the value of products, $67,404,508, or 25.6 per cent. The total production of chewing and smoking to- bacco reported at the census of 1905 was valued at $110,090,940. Of this sum, $109,147,576 was ob- tained from 392 establishments engaged primarily in its production and $943,364, from establishments en- gaged primarily in the manufacture of cigars, ciga- rettes, or snuff. The total value of the production of cigars, includ- ing some stems and clippings sold as such, amounted to $198,186,372. Of the total, $197,353,977 was reported by 16,240 large and small establishments that made a specialty of cigars, $831,245 was rejported by estab- lishments that made a specialty of cigarettes, and $1,150 by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of snuff. The production of cigarettes was valued at $16,354,803, and of this amount, $15,429,080 was ob- tained from 155 cigarette factories, $94,692 from cigar factories, and $831,031 from establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of chewing and smoking tobacco. The production of snuff was valued at $6,473,225, of which amount, $6,458,827 was reported by 41 snuff factories, $12,472 by the chewing and smoking tobacco factories, and $lj926 by cigar fac- tories. Miscellaneous and by-products to the value of $12,341 were reported for the 16,828 establishments in the group. VEHICLES FOR LAND TRANSPORTATION. The manufacture of all classes of vehicles for trans- portation on land are included in this group, which comprises 11 branches of industry which are shown separately in Table 3. The group as a whole shows a satisfactory growth. In 1905 as compared with 1900 the number of establishments decreased 1,454, or 16.6 per cent, but the value of products increased $138,829,988, or 27.5 per cent. The operations of re- pair shops of steam railroad companies and the manu- facture of carriages and wagons and of steam railroad cars are the most important industries in the group. Steam and electric railway cars. — The four classifi- cations of cars for which separate totals are given in Table 3 represent to some extent the same general class of work and are largely interdependent. Steam rail- road cars are not only built in establishments especially equipped for their manufacture, for which statistics are given under the classification "cars, steam railroad, not including the operations of railroad companies," but are also constructed in railroad repair shops and in es- tablishments especially equipped for the manufacture of street railroad cars. Therefore the classifications clxxxvi MANUFACTURES. should not always be accepted as confined exclusively to the class of products which their wording indicates. The establishments included in the two classifica- tions confined principally to the construction and repair of steam railroad cars, and those included in the clas- sification "cars, street railroad, not including opera- tions of railroad companies,'' reported the manufacture of .119,940 cars of all varieties at the census of 1905 as compared with 144,502 at the census of 1900. The street railway cars consist almost entirely of cars designed for use on electric roads. The manufac- ture of this class of cars is a comparatively new indus- try and has developed very rapidly with the increased use of electric current for motive power in urban rail- ways. There were but a limited number of these cars manufactured prior to 1890, but the production at the census of 1905 amounted to 4,694 cars, valued at $9,902,310. Of the four branches of the industry, the operation of the steam railroad repair shops is by far the most important. It is now one of the principal industries included in the statistics of manufactures, ranking fifth in the number of wage-earners employed at the census of 1905. Carriages, wagons, aufomohiles, and bicycles. — The manufacture of carriages and wagons, automobiles, and bicycles, which are shown as separate industries, are to some extent interdependent. Automobiles to the value of 1235,675 were manufactured in the estab- lishments classed as carriages and wagons. The classes "automobiles" and "automobile bodies and parts" are dependent. Practically the entire product of the latter is consumed in the manufacture of the complete machine, though a few finished vehicles may be produced in the factories the principal product of which consists of bodies and parts. The classification "bicycles and tricycles" is also related to that of auto- mobiles, as the bicycles and bicycle parts and attach- ments manufactured in automobile factories were valued at $234,265. Diagram 17.— CARRIAGES AND WAGONS— VALUE OF PRODUCTS BY STATES AND TERRITORIES- 1905. MILLIONS OF DOLLARS < > 2 « 6 8 10 1-2 14 16 OHIO INDIANA NEW YORK MICHIGAN tKtM ^" ^™ 1 ^™ U"* ^™ ^^" ^^^ ^^" ^™ """ ^^" ^^ !S" ^^" ^™ — ^^^ ^^^ ^^~ ILLINOIS ^^" ~™ **^^™^^ ^^ PENNSYLVANIA WISCONSIN MISSOURI MASSACHUSETTS KENTUCKY IOWA NEW JERSEY NORTH CAROLINA ^™ ^" ^™^ ^"^ """ ■M^^H ^^^ ^^ jj'™'' ^H ■■^H] """1^ ^^" ^~ ■HBH ^™ ^n ^^ ^^" ^H HHI ^^* ^n ^^^^ ^^n GEORGIA mm mm CALIFORNIA ^^^^1 ^^^^H ■ VIRGINIA CONNECTICUT ■an iBKm TENNESSEE BHB&BB^B8 MINNESOTA ^H^SI^^RSS) MARYLAND V99^^^ MAINE BlMTl ALABAMA ■HI NEW HAMPSHIRE ■■ SOUTH CAROLINA ^ WASHINGTON ■i WEST VIRGINIA LOUISIANA COLORADO RHODE ISLAND TEXAS FLORIDA KANSAS NEBRASKA MISSISSIPPI DELAWARE ARKANSAS VERMONJ OREGON MONTANA PIST OF COLUMBIA OKLAHOMA MEW MEXICO SOUTH DAKOTA UTAH. RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. elxxxvii Map 14. — Carriagrs and wagons — calur of products per sqiian- inilr: 191)5. I I Less than S LQ to a square mile ^^ 6 100 to 1000 to a square mile S 10 to 100 to a sciuare mile ^^ S 1000 and over The industries representing the manufacture of vehi- cles for land transportation, other than those running on tracks have increased rapidly since 1900. The increase for these industries considered as a whole is due largely to the rapid development of the automobile manufacture. At the census of 1900 the two branches of this industry were not of sufficient importance to warrant separate classifications, but at the census of 1905 the}' reported the employment of 12,049 wage-earners and products valued at $30,033,536. Contrasted with this increase is the decrease in the manufacture of bicycles, for which the value of products declined from $31,915,908 at the census of 1900 to $5,153,240 at that of 1905. SHIPBITILDIXO. This group covers the building and repairing of all classes of water craft, iron and steel and wooden ves- sels, yachts, boats, barges, and scows, irrespectiN-c of their uses or the class of traffic in which they are em- ployed. The statistics, liowcver, do not include data for the shipyards operated by the Federal Government. Reports were received for 9 Government yards, from which 31 vessels, each of 5 tons or more displacement, were launched during the year 1904. These vessels had an aggregate tonnage (displacement) of 27,252 and an estimated value of •10,447,009. The statistics for Government yards are shown in the sjx-cial report on shipbuilding. AVhile the capital, number of persons employed, and value of products given in Table 1 show that the indus- try has increased, its relative importance is measured more accurately l)y the numl)er, size, and character of the vessels launched. The number of vessels of over 5 tons reported at the census of 1900 as launched in pri- vate yards was 2,081, with an aggregate gross tonnage of 687,159; of thesfe, 134, with a, gross tonnage of 262,516, or 38.2 per cent of the total, were iron and steel. At the census of 1905 there were 2,248 vessels of this size reported, with a tonnage of 700,852, and of these, 155, with a tonnage of 328,819, or 46.9 per cent of the total, were iron and steel. The constru9tion of small power boats having a capacity of less than 5 tons has also increased. There were 1,687 boats of this kind, valued at $1,058,915, reported at the census of 1900 and 3,771, valued at .$1,981,815, at the census of 1905. >riSCELLAXEOUS. This group comprises 65 industries which, by reason of their peculiar character or variety of products or the varied character of the raw material utilized, could not properly be classed with any of the other groups. DiAGR.iii IS.— AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS— VALUE OF PRODl'CTS BY STATES: 1905. MILLIONS OF DOLLARS ILLINOIS NEW YORK OHIO WISCONSIN MICHIQAN INDIANA PENNSYLVANIA MINNESOTA IOWA KENTUCKY CALIFORNIA MISSOURI GEORGIA TENNESSEE MASSACHUSETTS VERMONT VIRGINIA KANSAS MEW JERSEY CONNECTICUT MAINE TEXAS NORTH CAROLINA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEBRASKA MISSISSIPPI SOUTH CAROLINA ■ I I I I I I At the census of 1905 the group comprised 12,377 establishments, employing 390,831 wage-earners, pay- ing $187,514,312 in wages, and manufacturing prod- ucts valued at $941,604,873. While these totals are clxxxviii MANUFACTURES. much larger than those reported at the, census of 1900 for the same group, the comparison does not indicate the conditions existing in any particular line of manu- facture, and therefore does not have the significance attached to a similar comparison for the 13 other groups of industries. Map 1.5. — Agricultural implevients — value of products per square mile: 1905. ) Mont ' n-dak. ■""'- i V.„ — L_ i Wo. I ^ J 1, , NeeR. COLO. i I' ! I 8 10 to 100 to a sii uare ni'Lle ^^ $1000 and over I I Less than S 10 to a square mile KSS^ 6 100 to 1000 to a square mile Some of the industries have been referred to in con- nection with other groups. The statistics for "arti- ficial feathers and flowers," "boots and shoes, rubber," "buttons," "fur goods," "furs, dressed," "hats, straw," "hat and cap materials," and "straw goods, not else- where specified" are shown with those for "clothing and kindred products," and the data for "engravers' materials" are included with the totals for industries allied to printing. There are many other important industries included in the group, and in addition to those for which special reports are given, one of them being for agricultural implements, attention is called to the following : Ammunition. — This classification includes the pro- duction of loaded shells or cartridges, both for small arms and machine guns, and rapid firing guns of small caliber, safety fuse, lead shot, miners' squibs, torpe- does, fog signals, detonators, etc. This industry first appeared in tlie Census reports at the census of 1860, although there is a record in the Census reports for 1810 of the manufacture of "leaden shot," establishments being reported in Pennsylvania, in Virginia, and in Louisiana territory. The next refer- ence to the industry appears in the census of 1S,50, when the classification was "shot." The statistics prior to the census of 1890 do not show a consistent devel- opment of the industry. The large increases and de- creases are due probably tci some extent to differences in classification and Ofhcc methods. At the censuses of 1S60 and 1880 the statistics for the manufacture of lead shot were included apparently with those for vari- ous manufactures of lead; therefore, the large increase during the decade ending with 18!I0 is not a true indi- cation of conditions. Some of the establishments engaged in the manufac- ture of ammunition also manufacture firearms, and in such cases, the entire operations being included in one report, it has been impracticable to make separate returns. The statistics, therefore, while representing principally the manufacture of ammunition, also in- clude products of a kind which constitute the major products of the classification "firearms." During the past fifteen years the capital invested in the industry has more than doubled, the average num- ber of wage-earners has increased more than threefold, and the value of the products more than twofold. The number of women employed showed a marked increase at the census of 1900 compared with that of 1890, and at the census of 1905 formed 34 per cent of the total number of wage-earners. Artists^ materials. — This classification includes prod- ucts such as palettes, canvas boards, sketching canvas, oil colors, Roman gold, gilders' cushions and burnishers, pastels, crayons, etc. The statistics for the industry shown in the Census reports are by no means indicative of the magnitude of the work of this character; they represent only the manufacture conducted on a fac- tory basis and do not include data for the production of the large amount of artists' materials made on a small scale in retail stores. With the exception of 1880, the industry has ap- peared in the reports of each census since 1860. The totals for the censuses of 1860 and 1870 are .summarized in Table cxxxiii. Table (JXXXIII. — Comparative summary — artists' 'materials: 1870 and 1860. Number of establishments. . . . . Capital , Wage-earners, average number Total wages Cost of materials used Value of products S43,800 50 $20,062 821,680 894,150 1860 $14,500 43 $15,600 $11,966 $44,800 The figures in this table and in Table 1 indicate an irregular and inconsistent development of the industry, but this is caused probably by defective canvasses at some of the censuses, and also hj the difficulty of de- ciding whether certain establishments engaged in the industry should be included in the Census reports and if included to which classification they should be assigned. The decrease in the value of products from 1890 to 1900 is explained in the reports pf the Twelfth Census as follows: The decrease probably (loes not represent actual conditions. The various products that are included are to a considerable extent reported under other industries. Artists' colors are reported by "paint" mamil'aeturers; brushes are included u nder " brooms and brushes;" and picture frames under "looking-glass and picture frames." Brooms and brushes. — The classification includes such articles as toothbrushes, " hairbrushes, horse brushes, paint and varnish brushes, calcimine brushes, printers' brushes, hatters' brushes, wire hairbrushes, RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. clxxxix pipe cleaners, bath brushes, leather brushes, shoe pol- ishers and daubers, feather dusters, woolen dusters, whisk brooms, floor brooms, hand street brooms, and brewery brooms. It does not inchide the brushes used as constituent parts of machinery, such as gin brushes or the metpilic brushes used in electrical machinery, nor does it include the revolving street sweepers. The product is confined almost entirelj' to articles that are finished completely before they are sent from the factory and are to be used individually for a spe- cial purpose. The materials used in the construction of the brush proper consist principally of broom corn, bristles, feathers, sea grass, rattan, and bamboo. The census of ISIO was the first to'contain informa- tion concerning the industry. Brushes were then re- ported as being manufactured in Massachusetts, ^larj^- land, and Pennsylvania, with products valued at $5,000, $21,000, and $94,760, respectively. The same census reported the manufacture of brooms in Massa- chusetts to the value of $4,000. At the census of 1820 the industry was reported as existing in Maryland, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, but no reference is made to it as a distinct industry at the census of 1840. Table cxxxiv gives the totals for the censuses of 1850, 1860, and 1870. Table ( XXXIV.- -Comparatire summary- 1S50 to 1870. -hrooms and brushes: Number of establishments Capital Wage-earners, average number Total wages Cost of materials used Value of products 792 $3,699,698 7,631 $1,960,280 $4,985,734 $9,317,108 349 $1,419,343 3,562 $881,644 $1,867,985 $3,524,777 1850 Table CXXXV. — Comparative summary — lapidary vork: 1870 and 1860. 449 $1,025,785 3,589 8799,102 $1,167,201 $2,514,345 The industr}" was originally carried on in the house- hold, and a large proportion of the product has always come from comparatively small estabhshments. It is probable that the decrease in the number of establish- ments from 1900 to 1905 is due to the fact that some of the smaller ones were omitted from the enumeration at the latter census. As measured by the capital, and the value of products, the industry has increased constantly. Lapidary work.- — This classification includes estab- lishments cutting, recutting, and polishing diamonds and other precious stones, and was reported first at the census of 1860 as "lapidaries' work." The classifica- tion for 1870 and subsequent censuses was "lapidary work." The statistics for 1860 and 1S70 are summa- rized in Table cxxxv. Number of establishments Capital Wage-earners, average niiiiiber Total wages Cost of materials used Value of products 1870 13 $34,400 88 $38,800 $37,184 $107,300 7 $13,400 29 S14,7C0 $14,004 $36,850 The decrease from 1880 to 1890, shown by the sta- tistics in Table 1, is more apparent than real. Other census statistics ^ for the calendar year 1889, for the diamond cutting industry alone, give the number of wage-earners as 236, the wages as $148,114, and the value of the gems after cutting as $1,006,716, a con- siderable increase over the entire lapidary industry in 1880. The increase of $1,860',533, or 32.2 per cent, in value of products from 1900 to 1905 indicates that the industry is maintaining its prosperity. Paving materials. — The establishments included im- der this classification at the census of 1905 were con- fined, as far as possible, to those engaged in the manu- facture of the material. The operations of the con- struction companies were included in the reports of prior censuses. While the totals for the census of 1900 have been revised and brought as nearly as pos- sible to a comparable basis, it was impossible to make such a revision of the totals for the cens;:ses of 1880 and 1890; therefore the large decrease shown in Table 1 does not reflect actual conditions. The paving materials consist principally of asphalt, crushed stone, small stones, tar, cement, powdered limestone, and sand. Some paving blocks of wood and stone are also included. At the census of 1905 the production of brick and stone materials used for pav- ing was, as a rule, reported with the manufacture of products of these materials used for other purposes and classed with "brick and tile" and "marble and stone work," respectively. Rubber arid elastic goods. — The classification includes the manufacture of mackintoshes, rubber coated cloth, carriage cloth, elastic webbing, dress shields, massage brushes, reclaimed rubber, druggists' sundries made wholly or partly from rubber, and automobile, bicycle, and truck tires. It does not include the manufacture of rubber boots and shoes, rubber belting and hose, or such rubber articles as are manufactured in connec- tion with hand stamps, sporting goods, steam packing, and surgical appliances. Previous to 1850 rubber goods of a certain kind had 1 Eleventh Census, Mineral Industries, pages 676 and 677. cxc MANUFACTURES. been manufactured to a consideral^le extentj but the census of 1850 is the first to report statistics for "india rubber goods." This classification included all manu- factured products of rubber, such as belting and hose, boots and shoes, car springs, coats, fabrics, packing, and suspenders. The census of 1880 is the first to show a separate classification for "rubber and elastic goods," prior censuses having reported the industry under the captions "india rubber goods," "gutta- percha," and "india rubber and elastic goods." Table cxxxvi shows the statistics as returned at the cen- suses of 1850, 1860, and 1870. Table CXXXVI. — Comparative summary — ruhher and elastic goods: 1850 to 1870. 1870 Number of establishments 56 Capital 87, 486, 600 Wage-earners, average number 6,025 Total wages, - 82, 559 , 877 Cost of materials used 87,434,742 Value of products i 814,666,374 29 53,634,000 2,802 $816,170 83,125,360 $5,768,450 34 $1,455,700 2,568 $537,828 81,608,728 $3,024,335 The discovery by Charles Goodyear of the process of vulcanizing rubber, for which a patent was issued in 1844, gave a great impetus to the industry between 1850 and 1860, and, although the number of establish- ments decreased, the value of products increased $2,744,115, or 90.7 per cent. The decrease in number of establishments may have been due to the litigation over alleged infringements of the patents. During the next decade the industry grew much more rapidly. Connecticut ranked first in -the manufacture of these goods until 1880, when Massachusetts took the lead, which position that state held until the census of 1905 when Ohio gained first place. The increase since 1880 has been somewhat remark- able. In that year there were 90 establishments employing 6,268 wage-earners, and having products valued at .113,751,724. In addition there were 3 es- tablishments classified as " rubber, vulcanized," having 495 wage-earners and products valued at $767,200. The number of establishments decreased from 261 at the census of 1900 to 224 at the census of 1905, while the number of wage-earners increased from 20,404 to 21,184, and the value of products, from $52,621,830 to $62,995,909, an increase for the latter item of 19.7 per cent. The decrease of 37 in number of establishments occurred principally in Massachusetts and New Jer- sey, and is due in part to a change in the product of cliief value in some establishments which made it nec- essary to reclassify them under the heads of "belting and hose, rubber," "steam packing," and "furnishing goods, men's," and in part to the closing of a number of small establishments. The products included in this industry were among the first manufactured from india rubber. To Mr. Mackintosh, of Glasgow, belongs the credit of being the fust t(j effect the manufacture of waterproof cloth- ing for practical use. He secured a patent for his process in 1823,' after which he built the first factory in Great Britain for making india rubber goods. The garments made from the cloth manufactured by this process were known as "mackintoshes." The first factory established in the United States for the manufacture of rubber clothing was erected b}^ the Roxbury India Rubber Company, at Roxbury, Mass., in 1833.^ The product from this factory included rub- ber cloth, rubber life-preservers, and various other rub- ber articles. Other companies were soon organized in the vicinity of Boston and New York, but it was not until the discovery of the vulcanizing process that rub- ber goods came into general use or were of any great utility. The Civil War gave a great impetus to the business by creating a large demand for rubber blankets and rubber clothing. The extensive use of the rubber tire and the increase and diversification of mechanical trades since that time have necessitated the use of rub- ber in various manufactured forms and increased greatly the manufacture. RELATION OF MANUFACTURES, MINING, AND AGRI- CULTURE. The raw materials for manufactures are composed principally of the products of mines, quarries, and farms, although the forest and the sea furnish a small proportion of such material. The statistics of manu- factures take cognizance of the standing timber as a material for the timber camps, the sawmills, char- coal burning, and various products of wood distilla- tion, and of the bark as a material for tanneries. Table lii shows that in 1905 the products of the sea consumed in manufactures constituted ordy four- tenths of 1 per cent of the total raw material. From the same table it appears that the agricultural and mining industries furnished 94.4 per cent. A consid- erable proportion of the products of the mines and quarries, and of the agricultural products of the coun- try, pass through one or more processes of manufacture before they are ready for final consumption. Not only are the three great branches of productive industry thus dependent upon each other, but it happens fre- quently that two or more of them are carried on by the same individual, company, or corporation by the use of the same capital. For example, a company may op- erate a mine and also the smelter or blast furnace in which the ore is treated, the difl'erent operations of production being carried on as a "continuous process. These conditions were appreciated and the instructions for the enumerators at the Twelfth Census provided that "butter, cheese, cider, wine, sugar, molasses, dried fruits, olive oil, and similar products made on the farm are considered farm products and are to be re- 'Dr. Ure's Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines Vol I page 696. ' ' ^ " One Hundred Years of American Commerce," Vol. II, page RELATIONSHIP OF INDUSTRIES. CXCl ported on the farm schedule; but the same products made in factories, creameries, wineries, or similar es- tablishments not forming a part of the farm, are to be considered for Census purposes as factory products, and must be reported on the schedule for manufactures, and not on the agricultural schedule." The special agents at the mining census of 1902 were instructed as follows: There are several branches of mining in which the mineral prod- ucts do not reach the market in the crude condition, but are sub- jected to certain processes at the mine or quarry before being regarded as marketable commodities. These may be processes of milling, separating, washing, burning, calcining, or other forms of manufacture. In some industries these processes are performed entirely at the mine or quarry, and in such cases the special agents are instructed that the Census schedule should include the statistics of employees and wages, miscellaneous expenses, and supplies and materials involved in the entire work of mining the crude material and preparing the same for market. The instructions for the field force at the census of 1905 contained the following paragraph: The manufacture of butter, cheese, cider, vinegar, wine, molas- ses, sirup, sorghum, and other products may be carried on either upon farms or in factories. In the former case the products will be classed as agricultural and no report is required, but in the latter they will be classed with those reported under the head of manu- factures. Returns will accordingly be made upon the manufactur- ing schedule of all factories engaged, in the manufacture of these and similar products. Factories canning fruits and vegetables, etc. , for the trade must be reported, even though carried on in connection with a farm. At the census of 1905 further instructions were given to the effect that all marble and stone \york, iiLcluding quarries where, the cutting and finishing is done and the manufacture of monuments, tombstones, etc., is carried on must be reported as manufactures. Notwithstanding this interdependence of the indus- tries, the census law provides that the censuses of manu- factures, mining, and agriculture shall be taken inde- pendently and the statistics for each published sepa- rately. It is only by such a segregation that the amount and relative importance of each can be deter- mined. Therefore, when manufacturing and mining or manufacturing and agriculture are carried on under the same ownership, it is necessary, in order to comply literally with the requirements of the law, to prepare separate Census reports for each. A separation of the data for the industries, however, is not always practi- cable, and it may be impossible on account of the busi- ness methods under which the establishments are conducted. As a result there have been at every census a number of enterprises reported in their en- tirety in two branches of the industrial statistics. Theoretically a perfect mining census should termi- nate with the delivery of the ore or crude rock at the mine or quarry, but in many cases the employees work indiscriminately in both branches of the industry, and no value is placed on the ore as it leaves the mine. Where the milling, separating, washing, burning, calcming, or other forms of reduction or manufacture were per- formed at the mine or quarry the census of mines of MFG — PI' 1 — 07 xiii 1902 included, as a rule, the employees and expenses in- volved in the entire work of the establishment. The inclusion of the statistics for the manufacture of butter in those of agriculture, because the butter is made on a farm, or of a calcining plant in the report of mines and quarries, because such plant is operated by a mining company as a part of the mining plant, injects into the agricultural or mining statistics data of capital, em- ployees, wages, and products that are just as much a part of the census of manufactures as they would be if these processes had been carried on independently of the farm or the mine. To be accurate, the statistics for enterprises of this character, operating in two branches of industry, should be included in separate groups and certain of the data assigned to each of the different branches. At the Twelfth Census the value for continental United States and Alaska of all farm products, not fed to live stock.but including animal products, amounted to $3,742,136,975. The products of manufactures for the census of 1905 amounted to $14,802,147,087. The cost of the materials consumed in the raw state at the census of 1905 that could be traced to the farm amounted to $2,492,836,646. As a considerable period elapsed between the years covered by the two reports, no direct comparison should be made between the totals ; they indicate, however, that a considerable pro- portion of the farm products sold are consumed in manufactures. Unfortunately the past censuses covered a different year for each of the three branches. The census of 1900 covered the year ending May 31, 1900, for manu- factures, and the calendar year 1899 for agriculture, while the last census of mines and quarries covered the calendar year 1902. The census of manufactures of 1905 covered the calendar year 1904. While for adminis- trative reasons it is of advantage to have the censuses for the industries cover different years, the arrange- ment makes it impossible to compile combined statis- tics for the same period to coverall branches of industry. There may have been a radical difference in the indus- trial conditions prevailing during the years covered by the different censuses, and the combination of the sta- tistics for the two censuses could not be accepted as indicating the conditions prevailing during either year. The cessation of work in the anthracite coal industry for a number of months during 1902 tends to reduce the value of the statistics for the mining census as representing conditions during a normal year. How- ever, if allowance be made for such conditions during th^ period covered by the census of mines and quarries and for the industrial conditions in the manufacturing industries referred to elsewhere, the totals may be ac- cepted as showing approximately the aggregate value of products of the two industries during a period of twelve months, and the proportion which each con- tributes to this aggregate. Therefore the totals for the mining census of 1£02 CXCll MANUFACTURES. and the census of manufactures of 1905 are presented in Table cxxxvii. Table (?.XXXVII. — Manufactures in l9l)5, and mining in 190S. Total. Manufactures, 1906. Mining, 1902. Number of establishments Salaried ofiaoials, clerks, etc. : Number 367,778 667,879 $613,781,783 6,052,049 $2,981,500,492 216,262 619,751 5.574, 761, 231 6,470,321 $2,611,540,632 $1,456,019,473 $8,503,949,756 $14,802,147,087 ■ 1151,516 38,128 $39,020,562 581,728 $369, 969, 960 Salaries Wage-earners: Average number Wages ■ Miscellaneous expenses Cost of supplies and materials. . . 51,626,791,186 58,627,764,723 515,698,973,504 $71,771,713 $123,814,967 $796,826,417 1 Number of mines, quarries, and wells. The table indicates that the industries of mining and manufacturing gave employment on the average to approximately 6,609,928 persons annually and paid about $.3,595,282,275 in salaries and wages. Of this total, the salaried officials, clerks, and other salaried employees numbered 557,879, or 8.4 per cent, and the wage-earners, 6,052,049, or 91.6 per cent. The min- ing industries contributed 9.4 per cent of the number of all employees and 11.4 per cent of the wages and salaries, and the manufacturing industries, 90.6 percent and 88.6 per cent, respectively. Of the $15,598,973,504 reported as the gross value of products, manufactures contributed 94.9 per cent and mining 5.1 per cent. CHAPTEE TX. COMPARATn'E IMPORTANCE OF STATES, TERRITORIES, AXD IXDUSIMilES. RANK OF INDUSTRIES. It is of great advantage to have a uniform standard of measurement to determine the relative importance in manufactures of the different industries and of the several states and territories. The gross value of products has been used for this purpose, because it can be readily applied and conveys a general idea of the relative standing of the industries, cities, states, or divisions; but, as explained in the sections on "mate- rials" and " products," the gross value is not the best indication of the character or extent of the manufac- turing forces expended in production, and is not, there- fore, the most efficient means of determining the eco- nomic value of any industry which is reflected more adequately by the amount of capital invested, the number of persons to whom it gives emplojanent, and the additional value created by labor and the expendi- ture of manufacturing forces. The net value of products as computed by Census methods, and the value of prod- uct remaining after deducting the total cost of both raw and partially manufactured materials, also assist in determining the economic importance of one indus- try as compared with another. In Table cxxxviii the 66 industries each having products in excess of $50,000,000 are arranged accord- ing to their rank in gross value of products. • Table CXXXVIII.- -RAXK OF INDUSTRIES HAVING PRODUCTS VALUED AT OVER $50,000,000, ARRANGED ACCORDING TO GROSS VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1905. INDnSTEY. ESTABLISH- MENTS. X um- ber. Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale Flour and grist mill prod- ucts Foundry and machine shop products Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Lumber and timber prod- ucts Cotton goods : . Clothing, men's Boots and shoes Cars and general shop con- struction and repairs by steam railroad companies. Printing and publishing, newspapers and period- icals Liquors, malt Sugar and molasses, refin- ing Bread and other bakery j products '. Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Clothing, women's Lumber, planing mill prod- ucts, including sash, doors, and blinds Smelting and refiniug, cop- per Iron and steel, blast fur- naces Tobacco, cigars and ciga- rettes Paper and wood pulp Smelting and refining, lead. Printing and publishing, book and job Petroleum, refining Furniture Worsted goods Woolen goods Electrical machinery, ap- paratus, and supplies Hosiery and Iniit goods Silk and silk goods Liquors, distilled Carriages and wagons Gas, illuminating and heat- ing I 559 10, 051 8,993 415 19, 127 1,077 4,504 1,316 1,141 18,038 1,531 344 18,227 1,049 3,361 5,009 16, 395 761 32 8,244 98 2,482 226 792 784 1,079 624 805 4,956 1,019 41 :S219,818,627 5 ■ 265,117,434 845,024,825 700, 182, 310 517,224,128 605, 100, 164 153, 177, 500 122,526,093 146,943,729 239,518,524 516,636,792 165, 468, 320 122, 363, 327 25 242, .5S4. 2.54 13 I 73,947.823 9 177,145,734 62 76, 824, 640 67 236,145,629 4 145,136,945 36 277, 444, 471 63 63,822,810 7 142,016,638 69 136,280,641 14 152, 712, 732 66 162,464,929 32 140,302,488 33 174,066,026 23 106,663,631 40 109,656,621 31 50,101,362 10 126, 320, 604 2S 725,035,204 WAGE-EARNERS. Average number. 69, 593 39, 110 348, 380 207, 662 404, 626 310, 458 137, 190 149, 924 236,900 96,868 48,139 13, 549 81, 284 57,239 115, 705 97, 674 12,752 36,078 135, 418 65,964 7,673 87. 746 16, 770 110, 133 69,251 72. 747 60, 466 103, 715 79,601 5,356 60,722 30,666 1 12 S37, 090, 399 19, 822, 196 196,247,431 122,491,993 183,021,619 94,377,696 67,225,606 69, 059, 680 142, 188, 336 59,830,768 34,542,897 7, 676, 660 43, 179, 822 27, 049, 152 51, 180, 193 60, 713, 607 10,827,043 18,934,513 66,864,978 32,019,212 5, 374, 691 48, 720, 854 9,989,367 49, 883, 235 26,269,787 28,827,556 31, 841, 521 31,636,024 26,767,943 2,657,026 30,878,229 VALUE OF PBODUCTS. Net. Rank.; Amount. Rank, 16 |S681, 710, 442 32 687,572,915 1 j 427.265,232 4 : 271,390,232 17 63 I 14 24 10 34 9 18 67 13 49 12 26 I 22 ! 19! 20 25 , 66 ! 21 \ 474, 460, 567 393, 342, 986 171,939,345 125, 167, 253 164, 054, 409 242, 536, 653 248,623,020 69, 123, 632 125, 575, 745 223.600,560 118,068,868 109,253,438 119, 607, 326 224, 493, 313 203, 276, 332 117,391,770 82,229,685 132, 227, 851 148,868,284 100, 146, 611 123, 799, 330 106,876,260 7S, 244, 136 74,001,364 104,113,997 122.747,232 00,431,486 Gross. S801,757,137 713, 033, 395 686, 901, 388 673,965,026 580, 022, 690 442,461,218 366,796,671 320, 107, 468 309, 863, 499 309, 327, 606 298, 358, 732 277,285,449 269. 609. 061 262,620,986 247, 661, 560 247,441,956 240,780,216 231,822,707 214,350,051 188, 715, 189 185,820,839 182,611,720 176, 006, 320 170, 446, 826 165. 745. 062 142,196,668 140,809,369 136, 558, 139 133, 288, 072 131,269,886 125, 332, 976 I Obtained by deducting from net value of products 40 I 17.0.57,917 36 i 119,895,819 20 125,144,946 the cost of raw materials and adding cost of mill supplies Rank. VALUE ADDED TO MATERIALS BY MANUFACTURING PROCESSES.' -SlOl, 781, 314 103, 417, 607 429, 423, 091 274, 855, 721 410,110,201 178, 818, 617 172, 015, 512 125, 458, 496 166, 663, 912 242,937,433 232,246,743 37,035,060 119, 071, 858 65,086,4,S6 118,101,027 109,264,1174 66,637,642 117,939,081 134,002,914 94, 683, 481 20, 992, 781 132,488,866 41,676,745 99,8.51.253 60,21S.,S32 69,320,.S78 77,201,836 62,464,486 69, 404, 166 107,302,313 66, 667, 153 91, 032, 860 Rank. 18 17 1 3 6 7 11 44 12 27 13 16 33 14 9 20 60 10 38 19 30 32 22 28 31 16 26 (cxciii) CXCIV MANUFACTURES. Table CXXXVIII. -RANK OP INDUSTRIES HAVING PRODUCTS VALUED AT OVER ^50,000,000, ARRANGED ACCORDING TO GROSS VALUE OP PRODUCTS: 1905— Continued. ESTABLISH- MENTS. and Butter Tobacco, chewing smoking, and snuff Slaughtering, wholesale, not including meat pack- ing..: Agricultural implements. . . Cars, steam railroad, not including operations of railroad companies Oil, cottonseed and cake — Structural ironwork Confectionery Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding Glass Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables Chemicals Patent medicines and com- j)ounds Brick and tile Boots and shoes, rubber. . . Soap , Paints Pottery, terra cotta, and fire clay products Rubber and elastic goods . . Carpets and rugs, other than rag Food preparations Locomotives Marble and stone work Shipbuilding, iron and steel. Boxes, wooden pac-king. . . , 'Fertilizers Coppersmithing and sheet iron working Stoves and furnaces, not including gas and oil stoves Jewelry Brass and copper, rolled . . . Coke Shirts Dyeing and finishing tex- tiles Millinery and lace goods Num- ber. Rank. Amount. Rank. 5,235 8 433 44 370 648 50 38 73 715 775 1,348 60 37 34 19 421 399 45 49 2,261 275 15 54 2,245 4,634 22 436 449 16 11 65 43 42 873 224 29 56 139 766 15 1,165 54 1,023 400 58 35 66 21 61 26 48 1,989 17 415 1,023 25 278 641 46 26 64 53 39 360 860 61 30 S30, 080, 419 178,847,556 17,896,083 196,740,700 88,179,047 73,770,417 76,598,607 43,125,408 38,734,868 89,389,161 47,629,497 96,621,294 45,611,640 119,956,959 39, 441, 826 54,816,301 55,783,259 110,926,018 46,297,637 56,781,074 51,784,434 38,421,048 63,210,814 101,628,261 39,643,096 69,023,264 31,944,237 52,971,105 39,678,956 32, 942, 594 90,712,877 23, 379, 774 88,708,676 17, 849, 821 WAGE-EAENEES. Average number. Rank. 9,530 62 23,990 46 4,541 47. 394 66 28 34,058 15,540 34,276 36,239 38 53 37 34 6,959 63,969 64 22 39,988 19,806 29 49 10,980 66,021 18,991 11,044 9,781 59 20 60 58 61 52,428 , 21,184 26 48 33,221 11,333 24,806 38,399 36,742 30,329 14,201 39 57 44 31 32 41 54 22,656 46 29,728 22,080 10,909 18,981 36, 499 42 47 60 51 33 35,666 27.600 35 43 Amount. Rank $5, 406, 872 6,776,325 3,236,573 25, 002, 660 20,247,821 4,837,694 19,760,210 11, 699, 257 2, 830, 243 37,288,148 10, 428, 621 10, 789, 780 4,351,867 28,646,005 8,866,806 4, 762, 676 6, 063, 177 25,177,665 9,412,368 13, 724, 233 4, 398, 348 15, 798, 432 23, 629, 867 20, 809, 908 12, 171, 104 5, 142, 147 13, 766, 688 17,823,434 12, 692, 846 6,733,487 9, 304, 498 11,233,392 15' 469, 205 10,307,241 VALUE OF PRODUCTS. Amount. Rank 3114,968,964 103,823,843 109, 613, 430 66,471,008 37,822,057 70,212,568 45,206,832 43,448,215 74,550,937 60, 238, 240 65,368,210 46, 009, 802 65, 189, 396 69,921,625 68, 219, 775 26,770,272 24,909,684 60, 657, 925 39, 384, 641 36,763,201 41, 972, 407 33,212,007 52, 646, 958 31,963,057 25,447,962 29, 442, 667 29, 557, 410 37,347,090 29, 867, 368 13,272,249 60,581,647 26,765,660 35, 098, 642 27,218,931 Gross. Amount. Rank S118, 620, 999 116,767,630 112,157,487 112,007,344 111,175,310 96, 407, 621 90, 944, 697 87,087,253 84, 188, 391 79, 607, 998 78,142,022 75,222,249 74, 520, 765 71,152,062 70,065,296 68,274,700 67,277,910 64, 200, 792 62,995,909 61, 686, 433 61,180,416 59, 652, 092 58,931,621 58, 433, 314 57,047,743 56j 632, 863 56,082,029 54, 409, 108 53,226,681 51,912,863 51,728,647 50, 971, 105 50,849,646 50, 777, 768 VALCJE ADDED TO MATERIALS BY MANUFACTURING PROCESSES.' Amount. Rank. $19, 500, 769 72, 614, 528 14, 120, 468 66, 869, 113 37, 870, 548 19,342,482 45,561,731 39, 669, 422 19,137,030 60, 503, 684 27,754,487 38, 630, 982 53, 850, 509 69, 568, 615 38,722,581 26, 803, 246 22,050,157 56,106,260 26, 482, 178 24, 889, 704 24, 636, 726 33, 354, 484 43, 703, 384 32, 190, 631 24, 428, 472 18, 770, 372 29, 591, 419 37,119,702 29, 428, 684 14, 049, 440. 22,496,625 25,822,210 35, 761, 117 24,821,940 61 23 65 26 36 39 63 29 60 41 35 24 40 62 69 34 63 54 66 46 37 47 57 64 49 66 58 51 45 55 1 Obtained by deducting from net value of products the cost ol raw materials and adding cost of mill supplies. Note.— Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills, and stoves and furnaces, not including gas and oil stoves, have the same number ol establishments; also boxes, wooden packing, and jewelry. As the industries given in tliis table follow the clas- sifications used in the general tables, and as only those are represented which have a gross value of product in excess of iSSOjOOOjOOO, the figures do not in everj'' case cover all products, even of the same general class. For example, the figures for "shipbuilding, iron and steel," alone are given, although there is another classifica- tion, "shipbuilding, wooden, including boat build- ing." The figures for the meat industry appear under two classifications — "slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale," and "slaughtering, wholesale, not includ- ing meat packing." If combinations were made for these and other closely allied industries, they would have a higher rank in some particulars than the table shows for one classification only. Seven sets of rankings are given for these industries, based respectively upon the number of establishments, capital, number of wage-earners, wages, value of prod- ucts, both gross and net, and the value of products obtained after deducting the cost of materials pur- chased in both raw and partially manufactured form, which is designated as "value added by manufactur- ing processes." None of the industries has the same rank for all seven of the standards of measurement, and but few have the same rank for as many as three. The two industries "slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale," and "flour and grist mill prod- ucts," which rank first and second in the gross value of products, and by this standard of measurement are the leading industries of the country, show the greatest variation when measured by some of the other standards , Their order of rank is reversed in the net value of prod- ucts, but they still hold the first two places. In these industries, however, the net value of products is com- posed largely of materials purchased in a raw state. The value of such materials is due to agricultural or other . forces expended upon them before they reach the fac- tor}', and as these values were not created by .manu- facturing processes it is proper to eliminate them in order to ascertain the amount added by such processes. When this is done the rank of the two industries falls to eighteenth and seventeenth, respectively, as shown by the last column of the table. "Flour and grist mill products," which ranks first in net value of product. COMPARATIVE IMPORTANCE OF STATES AND INDUSTRIES. cxcv falls to the thirtieth place in the number of wage- earners employed and thirty-second in the amount of wages paid. "Slaughtering and meat packing, whole- sale," which ranlis second in net value of products, falls to eighteenth in wage-o.irners and sixteenth in wages. In other words, these two industries, which are in the lead when measured by gross value of prod- ucts, are, when measured by a truer test of their eco- nomic importance, outranked by a large number of otlier industries. While considerable variation is shown for most of the industries under the seven standards of measure- ment, the greatest degree of consistency appears for industries involving a large number and variety of processes of manufacture, such as iron and steel and textile manufactures. "Foundry and machine shop prodticts " holds first place in capital, wages, and value added to materials by maimfacture, second in wage- earners, third in gross value, and fourth in net value of products, there being a variation of only three points in its standing under these tests. The manufacture of cotton goods holds third place in wage-earners, fourth in capital, fifth in wages and net value of prod- ucts, and sixth both in gross value and in added value, also a variation of but three points. In marked con- trast is the variation of thirty-one places in the case of "flour and grist mill products," and, leaving out of con- sideration the ranking bj^ establishments, of seventeen places in the case of "slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale." The value added to materials by manufacturing proc- esses is perhaps the best index of the relative impor- tance of the manufacturing industries, since it embod- ies salaries and wages — and hence the labor factor — together with the enhanced value due to the investment of capital in manufacturing equipment. The rank of an industry according to gross value of products is an expression of its importance as a commercial factor. The greater the value of products the larger, as a rule, is the quantity of materials and products to be handled by the transportation companies and the larger the volume of money circulated. On the other hand, the rank by wage-earners or by wages indicates the labor value of an industry as an industrial factor. The rank by number of establishments indicates the degree of concentration of an industry; for a low rank in number of establishments in connection with high rank in other respects shows a high degree of concen- tration. Moreover, of two industries presenting like statistics with respect to wage-earners, wages, and value of products, the one showing a large number of establishments is of greater general importance than the one which is concentrated in a few large estab- lishments. Otherwise the ranking by number of establishments has but slight significance. The industries classified as "slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale," and "foundry and machine shop products" may be selected as typifying opposite condi- tions, the former being concentrated in relatively few establishments, with a minimum of wage-earners employed and of added values to materials and a maximum for value of products, while the latter shows a large number of ostalilishmeiits and a maximum of wage-earners and added value to materials, with a lesser aiuouut for the value of the products. Table cxxxix shows the rank of the 20 leading industries according to the values added to the mate- rials l)v the various manufacturing processes, wage- earners, wages, and value of products, both net and gn)ss. Table ( 'XXXIX. — Tmnty leading induslric, according to value added to materials hy manufacturing processes, wage-earners, wages, and net and gross value of products: 19iJo. \ INDUSTRY. Rank ac- cord- [ ing to added value. RANK AC- CORD- ING TO WAGE- EARNERS. Foundry and machine shop products Lumber and timber products Iron and steel, steelworks androlling mills. Printing and publishing, newspapers and periodicals Liquors, malt Cotton goods Clothing, men's Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam railroad companies Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes Printing and publishing, book and job Boots and shoes Bread and other bakery products Clothing, women's Iron and steel, blast furnaces Lumber, planing mill products, including sash, doors, and blinds Liquors, distilled Flour and grist mill products Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. Furniture Paper and wood pulp mun- ber. RANK AC- CORDING TO VALUE OF PRODUCTS. Net. Gross. 3 5 4 10 11 6 7 9 19 22 8 la 15 la 16. 30. 2 1 34 20 The table shows that in the industries where the great part of the expenditures was for wages the rank by added value and by total wages is substan- tially the same. In certain indiistries there is a very much lower ranking by wages than by added value. Two of these industries — "liquors, malt," and "liquors, distilled" — are subject to special forms of taxation, and the amount paid for wages forms a small proportion of the total expenditures. The variation is marked in "liquors, distilled," which is sixteenth according to added value, but sixty-sixth in total wages paid. "Iron and steel, blast furnaces," and "flo'ur and grist mill products" are examples of industries in which expenses other than for wages, such as the cost of fuel in the former industry and interest on capital borrowed in the latter industry, are very great. In such cases, therefore, the ranking by wages paid is generally much lower than by added value. By arranging the industries into 14 groups, as de- scribed on page cxxiv, it is possible to bring together those in which the same general methods prevail and, CXCVl MANUFACTURES. by applying the methods of ranking described above, to show at a glance the relative importance of the great groups of industries. This is done in Table CXL, Table CXL.— INDUSTRIAL GROUPS, RANKED ACCORDING TO CAPITAL, NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS, WAGES, NET AND GROSS VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED TO MATERIALS BY MANUFACTURING PROC- ESSES: 1905. ESTABLISH-;, Num- ■ ber. I Amount. United States Food and kindred products Textiles Iron and steel and their products.. Lumber and its remanufactures Leather and its finisbed products . . Paper and printing Liquors and beverages Cbemicals and allied products Clay, glass, and stone products Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel Tobacco ". . . Vehicles for land transportation Shipbuilding Miscellaneous 216,262 45,790 17,042 14,239 32, 726 4,945 1 4 6 2 13 30,787 6,381 9,680 10, 775 3 11 9 8 6,310 12 16,828 7,285 1,097 12,377 5 10 14 7 $12,686,265,673 1,173,151,276 1,744,169,234 2,331,498,157 1,013,827,138 440, 777, 194 798, 758, 312 659, 547, 620 1,504,728,510 553,846,682 598,340,758 323,983,501 447,097,020 121,623,700 974, 316, 571 WAGE-EAEN- ETLZ. Average number. 5,470,321 364, 054 1, 156, 305 857, 298 736, 946 266, 368 350, 206 68, 340 210, 165 285, 365 211,706 159, 408 384, 577 50,754 390,831 $2,611,540,532 164, 601, 803 419,841,630 482,367,503 336,068,173 116, 694, 140 185, 647, 791 45,146,286 93, 965, 248 148,471,903 117, 599, 837 62, 640, 303 221,860,517 29,241,087 187, 614, 312 $9,821,205,387 VALUE OF PRODUCTS. Gross. 596, 872, 350 431,735,208 714,489,549 334,971,057 442,912,699 307, 100, 175 324,109,901 46,707,268 602, 990, 604 $14,802,147,087 867,112,266 501,266,605 1,031,965,263 391,230,422 922,262,456 331,117,681 643, 924, 442 82,769,239 941, 604, 873 VALUE ADDED TO MATERIALS BY MANUFACTUK- ING PROC- ESSES.! Amount. 86,743,399,718 574, 971 373, 530; 068 452, 640, 337 312, 306, 562 305,090,486 206,517,442 324,742,039 46.991,223 503, 130, 100 4 2 1 3 12 7 10 11 13 9 14 1 Obtained by deducting from net value of products tlie cost of raw materials and adding the cost of mill supplies. As far as possible kindred industries have been grouped together in this table, but as each group con- tains a large number of establishments the varying conditions of operation tend to adjust more evenly its rankings under the different methods of measure- ment. The group "food and kindred products," how- ever, which ranks first in gross and in net value of products, falls to sixth place in wage-earners and seventh in wages, as great a variation relatively as that shown for "flour and grist mill products" in Table cxxxviii. Table cxli presents the 14 generic groups in the order of their ranks by added value compared accord- ing to rankings selected from Table oxl. Table CXLI. — Fourteen generic groups of industrits, ranked accord- ing to added value, wage-earners, wages, and gross and net value of products: 1905. Iron and steel and tbeir products Textiles Lumber and its remanufactures Food and kindred products Paper and printing Miscellaneous Chemicals and allied products Liquors and be ^erages Vehicles for land transportation Clay, glass, and stone products Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel ' Leather and its finished products Tobacco ■ Shipbuilding Rank ac- cord- ing to added value. RANK AC- CORDING TO WAGE-EARN- ERS. num- ber. Wages. 1 1 2 3 3 6 7 7 6 4 6 11 11 13 13 5 4 8 8 10 9 9 10 12 12 14 14 RANK AC- CORDING TO VALUE OF PRODUCTS. Gross. Net. 3 2 4 1 7 6 5 9 12 11 10 13 14 RANK OF STATES AND TERRITORIES. The rank of the states and territories under the different standards of measurement is an indication not only of the magnitude but of the relative eco- nomic importance of their manufactures. In Table cxLii, which is a comparison for 1900 and 1905, the states and territories are arranged in the order of their rank in gross value of products for 1905, and they are also ranked in the six other standards of measurement shown for industries in Table cxxxviii. In addition to the statistics of manufactures this table shows the estimated population of each state and ter- ritory for 1905 and the population for 1900, together with the gross value per capita of the products of manufactures. Agriculture is the predominating industry in many of the states and territories, while mining and com- merce are leading factors in the development of others. Therefore the relative rank of a state or territory in manufactures is of comparatively slight significance unless it is considered in connection with the other forces which assist in its general industrial advancement. The development of the manufactures of a state or territory depends for the most part upon its geographic location, natural resources, transportation facilities, proximity to markets, and available capital. The growth and concentration of population are closely related to increase in, and the distribution of, manufactures. Thus the extent to which a com- munity is engaged in manufactures is best indicated by considering jointly the number of persons employed m the various manufacturing industries, the propor- tion they are of the total population, and the per capita value of the products of manufacture. CXCVIU MANUFACTURES. Table CXLII,— RANK. OF STATES AND TERRITORIES IN MANUFACTURES, 3,272 3,465 raw materials and adding the cost of mill supplies. COMPARATIVE IMPORTANCE OF STATES AND INDUSTRIES. ARRANGED BY ORDER OF (iROSS VALUE OF PRODUCTS IN 1905: 1905 AND 1900. CXCIX VALUE OF PRODUCTS. VALUE ADDED TO MATE- GROSS VALUE OF Nft. Gross. TURING PKOCESSE.S.I CAPITA. Amount. Rank. Amount. Rank. Amonn i. S14,SU2,147,(IS7 11,411,121,122 Rank. Amount. Ku.iik. Number. Rank. Amount. Rank. $2, 61 1,540,, 532 2,009,735,799 $9,821,205,387 7,443,667,490 86,713,399,718 6,213,663,386 81,338,064 76,058,167 S182 150 1 2 430,014,851 337,323.585 1 ; 1 1,495,780,488 1,134,802,615 1 1 2.488,345,579 1,871,830,872 1 1 1,184,529,784 890,088,660 1 1 7,907,025 7,268,894 1 1 315 2.5S 5 7 3 4 307,960,890 296,875,648 2 1,211,886,627 993,701,794 2 1,955,551,332 1,649,882,380 2 899,408,628 768,507,028 2 6,719,715 0,302,115 2 291 202 6 5 6 6 208.405,468 159,104,179 4 4 947,302,597 754,625,690 3 3 1,410,342,129 1,120,868,308 3 3 605,909,813 467,966,615 3 3 5,219,630 4,821,650 3 3 270 232 8 8 7 8 232,:3SS,940 195,278,276 3 3 723,696,388 580,192,232 4 4 1,124,092,051 907,626,439 4 4 524,489,309 432, 437, 786 4 4 2,904,013 2,805,346 7 379 324 2 3 9 10 1S2,429,425 130,427,579 5 5 601,546,057 471,563,923 6 5 960,811,857 748,670,855 5 5 471,4,52,717 371,1.58,462 6 5 4,351,033 4,157,545 4 4 221 180 11 11 11 12 128,168,801 95,164,913 6 6 440,813,097 321,031,734 6 6 774,369,025 553,005,684 6 6 324, 448, 561 236,279,914 6 6 2,092,048 1,883,069 15 10 370 294 4 4 13 14 w;, 044, 126 46,713,734 11 11 305,612,584 214,751,695 ij 439,548,967 316,304,095 7 10 196,876,618 138,954,305 8 11 3,277,057 3,100,005 5 134 102 24 26 15 16 SI, 278,837 62,531,812 s 297,8.58,698 198,395,c«9 9 10 429,120,060 319,691,856 8 9 214,435,201 154, 599, 355 7 8 2,530,016 2,420,982 9 9 170 132 19 21 17 18 71,471,805 55,695,816 10 10 302,482,122 231,903,919 8 8 411,139,681 326,752,878 9 8 195,362,191 152,414,414 9 9 2,196,967 2,069,042 13 13 187 158 17 17 19 20 72,058,099 59,280,131 9 9 270,714,705 234,761,770 10 7 393,954,405 337,071,630 10 7 186,163,976 151,936,867 11 10 2,040,086 2,516,402 8 8 149 134 22 20 21 22 87,942,628 73,394,062 7 7 225,454,902 184,856,238 13 11 369,082,091 315,106,150 11 11 189,463,448 155,585,134 10 7 973,284 908,420 29 29 379 347 2 2 23 24 64,656,686 39,889,997 12 12 245,580,743 152,011,620 12 13 367,218,494 257,385,521 12 12 159,581,361 101,696,216 12 12 1,593,717 1,485,053 21 21 230 173 10 13 25 26 35,843,145 29,029,190 15 15 249,705,785 172,340,235 11 12 307,858,073 223,692,922 13 13 103. 029, 875 79; 466, 071 13 15 1,934,208 1,751,394 18 19 159 128 21 22 27 28 36,144,244 32,414,429 14 14 • 137,889,338 120,209,870 15 15 243,375,996 211,076,143 14 14 99,262,066 86,838,080 14 13 1,246,304 1,188,044 20 20 195 178 10 12 29 30 43,112,637 35,995,101 13 13 132,499,150 108,339,001 16 16 202,109,683 165,550,382 15 15 95,256,264 82,851,880 15 14 469,776 428,556 36 34 430 385 1 1 31 32 18,883,071 12,802,096 29 28 168,111,853 125,512,374 14 14 198,244,992 154,008,544 16 16 46,401,543 36,187,644 29 28 31,534,471 1,470,495 22 22 129 108 26 24 33 34 25,315,750 14,725,4.37 21 26 119,001,055 . 65,932,356 19 28 180,379,692 111,397,919 17 21 74,876,613 40,423,336 17 26 1,486,841 1,381,625 23 23 125 81 27 27 35 30 22,997,053 18,020,653 24 21 122,367,358 101,780,023 17 18 160,572,313 132,870,865 18 17 62,180,596 50,870,719 . 25 20 2,214,411 2,2.31,853 12 10 /■3 60 33 32 37 38 24,438,684 18,454,252 23 20 110,877,739 90,208,749 22 19 159,753,968 126,508,660 19 19 76,728,610 62,684,434 16 16 2,202,590 2,147,174 11 12 71 59 35 33 39 40 11,022,149 8,842,429 37 35 104,576,896 107,142,948 24 17 154,918,220 130,302,453 20 18 33,012,686 37,041,043 34 27 1,067,756 1,066,300 27 27 145 122 23 23 41 42 27,392,442 19,958,153 20 19 113,693,905 71,955,748 21 23 161,040,455 94,532,368 21 24 72,078,314 49,220,743 18 21 2,367,923 2,216,331 10 11 64 43 38 38 43 44 24,468,942 16,911,681 22 23 120,604,142 68,751,484 18 26 150,528,389 92,894,433 22 25 64,459,648 42,927,056 23 23 3,373,982 3,048,710 5 6 45 30 43 42 45 46 27,943,058 20,273,889 18 18 110,646,581 80,713,402 23 20 148,856,525 108,644,150 23 22 70,020,227 65,083,077 19 18 1,933,464 1,854,184 19 17 77 59 32 33 47 48 32,691,759 25,730,735 16 17 100,177,873 76,846,099 25 21 144,020,197 112,969,098 24 20 69,437,527 66,673,643 20 17 707,818 694,466 30 30 203 163 15 10 49 50 21,375,294 14,051,784 27 27 117,080,591 69,041,877 20 25 142,520,776 85,274,083 25 28 67,432,826 44,040,162 21 22 2,004,154 1,893,810 16 16 71 45 35 37 51 52 2 Population '^ State census for 1905 is that estimated by this Bureau as of J une 1, 1904. > figures used. , cc MANUFACTURES. Table CXLII.— RANK OF STATES AND TERRITORIES IN MANUFACTURES, ESTABLISHMENTS, CAPITAL. WAGE-EARNERS. STATE OE TEKEITORY. Census . Number. Rank. Amount. Rank. Average number. Rank. 5S Tennessee 1905 1900 3,175 3,116 20 19 $102, 439, 481 63,140,657 28 26 60,572 46,963 22 24 54 55 1905 1900 2,751 1,926 23 26 96,952,621 41,574,744 29 33 45, 199 31,523 28 31 56 57 1905 1900 1,618 1,771 31 29 109,495,072 92,146,025 25 19 66,366 67, 646 20 19 58 59 1905 1900 1,882 2,000 .28 24 105,382,859 60,165,904 27 28 62, 173 62, 711 21 , 21 60 61 1905 1900 1,606 1,323 33 35 107,663,500 58,172,865 26 30 21,813 19,498 35 36 62 63 West Virginia. . 1905 1900 2,109 1,824 25 28 86,820,823 49, 103, 138 31 31 43,758 33,080 29 29 64 65 South Carolina 1905 1900 1,399 1,369 37 34 113,422,224 62,750,027 23 27 69, 441 47,025 24 23 66 67 1905 1900 382 395 45 42 52,589,810 38,224,915 34 35 8,957 9,854 39 39 68 69 Vermont 1905 1900 1,699 1,938 30 25 62,658,741 43,499,633 33 32 33, 106 28, 179 33 32 70 71 1905 1900 1,520 1,294 35 36 50,256,309 22,712,186 36 39 38,690 26,799 31 34 72 73 Oregon -, 1905 1900 1,602 1,406 34 33 44,023,548 28,359,089 38 36 18,523 14,469 37 38 74 75 Arkansas 1905 1900 1,907 1,746 27 30 46,306,116 25,384,636 37 38 33,089 31,625 34 30 76 77 Florida 1905 1900 1,413 1,275 36 37 32,971,982 25,682,171 39 37 42,091 35, 471 30 28 78 79 Delaware 1905 1900 631 633 40 38 50,925,630 38,791,402 35 34 18, 476 20,562 38 35 80 SI Utah 1905 1900 606 575 41 40 26,004,011 13,219,039 40 41 8,052 6,413 , 40 41 82 83 Arizona 1905 1900 169 154 48 48 14, 395, 654 9,517,573 42 42 4,793 3,126 42 42 84 85 1905 1900 482 491 43 41 20,199,783 17,960,498 41 40 6,299 6,155 41 40 86 87 1905 1900 657 316 39 44 11,107,763 2,462,438- 43 46 3,199 1,294 44 49 88 89 South Dakota 1905 1900 686 624 38 39 7,685,142 6,061,288 46 43 2,492 2,224 46 46 90 91 North Dakota 1905 1900 607 337 42 43 5, 703, 837 3,511,968 47 45 1,756 1,358 50 48 92 93 Idah 1905 1900 364 287 46 45 9, 689, 445 2,130,112 45 48 3,061 1,552 45 47 94 95 Alaska 1905 1900 82 48 51 51 10, 684, 799 , 3,568,704 44 44 1,938 2,260 48 44 96 97 Indian Territory 1905 1900 466 179 44 46 5,016,664 1,591,953 48 60 2,257 1,087 47 50 98 99 1905 1900 199 174 47 47 4,638,248 2, 160, 718 49 47 3,478 2,490 43 43 100 ini 1905 1900 169 139 48 49 2,695,889 2,047,883 51 49 1,834 2,060 49 46 102 103 1905 1900 lis 99 50 50 2,891,997 1,251,208 60 61 802 604 51 51 104 Note.— States or territories having equal rank in 1905 in number of establishments are Arizona and Wyoming, each fortv-elehth- and In ornQ.. vnlne of Dduets per capita, Connecticut and Massachusetts, each second; Ohio and Washington, each eleventh; Colorado and Miohiean eacii niiiptppntv Tnwo orVrt Nevada, each thirty-third; Kentucky and North Carolina, each thirty-flfth; Alabama and South Carolina, each fortieth; MlssissippiZ'd WyomiS| eTcli forty-flfth. COMPARATIVE IMPORTANCE OF STATES AND INDUSTRIES. ARRANGED BY ORDER OP GROSS VALUE OF PRODUCTS IN 1905: 1905 AND 1900— Continued. CCl WAGES. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. VALUE ADDED TO MAIE- RIALS BY MANUFAC- TURING PROCESSES.: POPULATIO^ .5 Rank. GROSS VAI PRODUCT CAPITA. UE OF S PER Rank. 37 36 Net. Gross. Amount. Rank. Amount. Rank. Amoiuit. Rank. Amount. Rank. 24 24 Number. Amount. 822,806,628 14,727,506 26 25 $100,063,567 68,529,832 26 27 8137,960,476 92,749,129 26 26 563,657,243 42,921,191 2,121,866 2,020,616 14 14 65 46 53 54 30,087,287 17,066,140 17 22 99,380,279 50,399,715 27 30 128,821,667 70,831,345 27 30 66,683,460 35,742,832 22 29 682,451 618,103 33 33 221 137 11 19 65 66 27,693,203 25,849,631 19 16 86,008,010 71,922,446 29 24 123,610,904 107,590,803 28 23 64,087,614 51,218,822 27 19 426,612 411,588 39 36 290 261 7 6 57 58 21,878,451 14,911,683 26 24 86,946,291 66,709,701 28 29 109,169,922 72,109,929 29 29 69,498,988 41,742,117 26 25 1,954,817 1,828,697 17 18 56 39 40 40 59 60 15,100,365 11,707,566 32 30 81,071,269 76,094,767 30 22 100,143,999 89,067,879 30 27 42, 168, 400 32,529,284 30 30 590,280 539,700 32 31 170 166 19 15 61 62 21,163,042 12,639,856 28 29 69,290,281 44,356,765 32 33 99,040,676 67,006,822 31 31 48,445,501 32,400,851 28 31 1,037,204 958,800 28 28 95 '70 30 28 63 64 13,868,950 9,130,269 35 34 70,333,177 44,978,430 31 32 70,376,262 63,336,811 32 32 33,385,330 25,417,815 36 34 1,415,984 1,340,316 24 24 56 40 40 39 65 66 8,652,217 7,376,822 38 38 62,965,316 48,162,383 33 31 66,415,462 62,744,997 33 33 32,041,717 28,242,011 37 32 283,493 243,329 44 44 234 217 9 10 67 68 15,221,059 11,426,548 31 31 46,866,884 37,550,304 36 34 63,083,611 51,515,228 34 34 32,664,107 27,263,844 36 33 348,129 343,641 41 40 181 150 18 18 69 70 14,819,034 7, 909, 607 33 37 47,662,771 25,640,567 34 39 67,451,446 33, 718, 617 35 39 33,627,106 18,862,784 33 37 1,655,938 1,561,270 20 20 35 22 45 46 71 72 11,443,512 6,822,011 36 39 41,539,050 25,753,999 38 38 65,526,123 36,692,714 36 37 26,294,017 17,168,507 38 39 454,337 413,636 37 35 122 88 28 26 73 74 14,543,636 10,184,154 34 33 43,466,931 28,199,516 36 36 63,864,394 39,887,678 37 36 33,606,200 23,265,366 32 36 1,384,904 1,311,564 26 26 39 30 44 42 75 76 15,767,182 10,916,443 30 32 42,777,534 27,710,560 37 36 50,298,290 34,183,509' 38 38 34,680,966 22,169,198 31 36 596,741 528,542 31 32 85 65 31 30 77 78 8,158,203 8,457,003 39 36 28,824,645 26,918,014 40 37 41,160,276 41,321,061 39 36 17,654,836 18,100,062 39 38 191,231 184,735 46 46 215 224 13 9 79 80 5,157,400 2,762,522 40 41 34,442,417 15,163,244 39 41 38,926,464 17,981,648 40 41 16,392,371 7,627,084 41 42 303,137 276,749 42 43 128 66 26 30 81 82 3,969,248 2,287,352 41 42 26,186,766 18,964,246 41 40 28,083,192 20,438,987 41 40 16,760,104 15,338,227 40 40 136,807 122,931 48 48 205 166 14 14 83 84 3,668,370 3,022,906 42 40 13,794,339 12,398,326 43 42 18,359,169 16,426,408 42 42 11,127,557 9,380,923 42 41 298,050 278,718 43 42 62 59 39 33 85 86 1,656,324 614,879 45 49 14,469,835 4,996,844 42 46 16,649,656 5,504,869 43 46 5,615,903 1,967,155 43 48 526,275 398,331 34 38 31 14 47 50 87 88 1,421,680 1,129,787 46 46 11,743,053 8,678,997 44 43 13,085,333 9,629,946 44 43 4,727,662 3,699,281 46 43 444,462 401,670 38 37 29 24 48 46 89 90 1,031,307 671,321 50 48 9,115,959 5,634,047 45 44 10,217,914 6,269,840 45 44 3,462,67i 2,349,595 48 46 416,571 319,146 40 41 25 20 60 48 91 92 2,059,391 818,239 44 47 7,261,486 2,381,546 46 49 8,768,743 3,001,442 46 49 5,016,232 1,706,020 44 49 191,060 161,772 47 47 46 19 42 49 93 94 1,095,579 1,374,680 49 43 6,263,441 2,563,868 48 47 8,244,624 4,194,421 47 46 4,821,187 2,571,271 46 44 76,208 63,692 50 50 108 66 29 29 95 96 1,144,078 379,188 48 SO 6,538,503 2,221,408 47 SO 7,909,451 2,629,067 48 60 3,396,012 1,050,495 49 50 476,812 392,060 36 39 17 7 51 61 97 98 2,153,068 1,199,496 43 45 4,149,830 3,292.614 49 46 5,705,880 4,060,924 49 47 3,736,462 2,306,399 47 46 209,322 196,310 46 45 27 21 49 47 99 100 1,261,122 1,209,123 47 44 2,804,652 2,432,040 50 48 3,523,260 3,268,555 50 48 2,324,485 2,039,069 50 47 99,959 92,631 49 49 35 36 45 41 101 102 693,407 352,606 51 51 2,389,837 961,127 61 51 3,096,274 1,261,005 51 51 1,337,295 670, 740 51 51 42,336 42,335 61 51 73 30 33 42 103 104 1 Obtained by deducting from the net value of products the cost oJ raw materials and adding the cost of mill supplies. 2 Population for 1905 is that estimated by this Bureau as of June 1, 1904. Diagram 19.— VALUE OF PRODUCTS, BY STATES AXD TERRITORIES: 1905 AND 1900. 19 05 190 NEW YORK PENNSYLVANIA ILLINOIS MASSACHUSETTS OHIO NEW JERSEY MISSOURI MICHIGAN WISCONSIN INDIANA CONNECTICUT CALIFORNIA MINNESOTA MARYLAND RHODE ISLAND KANSAS LOUISIANA IOWA KENTUCKY NEBRASKA GEORGIA TEXAS VIRGINIA MAINE NORTH CAROLINA TENNESSEE WASHINGTON NEW HAMPSHIRE ALABAMA COLORADO WEST VIRGINIA SOUTH CAROLINA MONTANA VERMONT MISSISSIPPI OREGON ARKANSAS FLORIDA DELAWARE UTAH ARIZONA 2000 IN.Y. PA. ILLINOIS MASSACHUSETTS OHIO NEW JERSEY NDIANA WISCONSIN MICHIGAN MISSOURI CONNECTICUT CALIFORNIA MINNESOTA MARYLAND RHODE ISLAND KANSAS IOWA NEBRASKA KENTUCKY MAINE LOUISIANA VIRGINIA NEW HAMPSHIRE GEORGIA TEXAS TENNESSEE COLORADO NORTH CAROLINA ALABAMA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA SOUTH CAROLINA MONTANA VERMONT DELAWARE ARKANSAS OREGON FLORIDA MISSISSIPPI ARIZONA UTAHJ Map 1().— gross VALUE OK PRODUCTS: 1905. LESS THAN $100,000,000 100,000.000 TO 300.000,000 300.000.000 TO 500.000.000 500.000,000 TO 1.000,000,000 I.OOO.OOb.OOO TO 2,00 0,00 0,000 2.000,000.000 AND OVER Diagram 20.— CAPITAL INVESTED, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905. HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF DOLLARS NEW YORK PENNSYLVANIA rLLINOIS MASSACHUSETTS OHIO MEW JERSEY WISCONSIN MISSOURI CONNECTJCUT MICmOAH INDIANA CALIFOHNIA RHODE ISLAND MARYLAND MINNESOTA LOUISIANA VIRGINIA KENTUCKY MAINE NORTH CAROLINA GEORQIA TEXAS SOUTH CAROUNA IOWA NEW HAMPSHIRE COLORADO ALABAMA TENNESSEE WASHINGTON KANSAS WEST VIRGINIA NEBRASKA VERMONT MONTANA DELAWARE MISSISSIPPI ARKANSAS OREGON FLORIDA UTAH PIST. OF COLUMBIA ARIZONA OKLAHOMA ALASKA IDAHO SOUTH DAKOTA NORTH DAKOTA INDIAN TERRITORY I NEW MEXICO NEVADA WYOMING CAPITAL INVESTED BY STATE GROUPS PERCENTAGES OF TOTAL INVESTMENT NEW ENGLAND STATES Ml DOLE. STATES SQutmern"sta"te:S~ _ P_E_N JfLAL _ST ATAS _ WESTERN STATES PACI-FIC STATES CCIV MANUFACTURES. The state reporting the largest number of wage- earners employed in manufactures at both censuses was New York, which was followed by Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and Illinois, in the order named. The average number of wage-earners for Massachusetts constituted 16.5 per cent of the estimated population of the state in 1904, as compared with 15.6 per cent in 1900, the largest percentage shown at both periods by any of the 4 leading states. Of these 4 states Pennsylvania ranked next in this respect with 11.4 per cent of the people of the state engaged in manu- factures at the census of 1905, and 10.5 per cent in 1900; New York came next with 10.8 per cent in 1905, and 10 per cent in 1900; and Illinois with 7.3 per cent in 1905, and 6.9 per cent in 1900. In each of these 4 states the percentage of the population of the state employed as wage-earners in manufactures was slightly larger in 1905 than in 1900. The proportion of the population engaged in manufactures was highest in Rhode Island where the wage-earners employed in manufacturing industries constituted 20.7 per cent of the population at the census of 1905 and 20.6 at the census of 1900; the per capita value of products for the state in 1905 was also the highest, namely, $430, and $386 in 1900. In the former respect Connecticut follows Rhode Island, the wage-earners employed in manufactures forming 18.7 per cent of the popu- lation in 1905, as compared with 17.6 per cent in 1900, and then comes Massachusetts, with ratios as above noted. The 3 states. New York, Pennsylvania, and Illinois, ranking first, second, and third in population, are the leading states in gross and net value of products of manufactures. That the area or size of a state or territory has very slight bearing on its rank in manufactures is indicated by the fact that of the 20 states or territories which have the greatest area, only 5 rank as high as twentieth in the gross value of products. Taking into consideration the seven methods of ranking given in both Tables cxlii and cxxxviii, it will be seen that there is a greater uniformity in the rank of states and territories as compared with that of industries, under the standards of measurement thus presented. Eleven of the states have the same rank in four or more of the seven methods of ranking and 1 6 others have the same rank in three of the methods. The greatest variation is shown for Rhode Island, which ranks thirteenth in capital, wage-earners, and wages, and thirty-second in number of establishments, a relative difference of nineteen places. This greater uniformity in rank is due to the equalizing effect of the different industries which are included in the total. The char- acteristic features of these industries are pronounced when the statistics for them are shown separately, as in Table cxxxviii, and, as already noted, it is the exception for any industry to have the same rank in as many as three of the standards of measurement. While a consideration of all seven methods of rank- ing shown in Table cxxxviii is necessary for a proper appreciation of the relative importance of the manu- facturing industries of any state or territory, still the gross value of products is a very convenient method of measurement, and it is adopted in Table cxLni. Table CXLIII. — Gross value of products, distributed according to states and territories grouped by value of products in 1905: 1905 and 1900. STATE OE TEBKITORY. $1, 000, 000, 000 and over: New York Pennsylvania Illinois Massachusetts SiiQO, 000, 000 but less than 81, 000,- 000,000: Ohio New Jersey 1300,000,000 but less than $500,- 000,000: Missouri Michigan Wisconsin Indiana Connecticut California Minnesota S200,000,000 but less than $300,- 000,000: Maryland Rhode Island $100,000,000 but less than $200,- 000,000: Kansas Louisiana .■ . Iowa Kentucky Nebraska Georgia Texas Virginia Maine North Carolina Tennessee Washington New Hampshire Alabama Colorado Less than SlOO, 000, 000: West Virginia South Carolina Montana Vermont Mississippi Oregon Arkansas Florida Delaware Utah Arizona District of Colmnbia Oklahoma South Dakota North Dakota Idaho Alaska Indian Territory New Mexico. . . ." Wyoming Nevada 1905 Value of prod- ucts. Rank, $2,488,346,679 1,956,651,332 1, 410, 342, 129 1,124,092,051 960,811,867 774, 369, 025 439,548,957 429, 120, 060 411, 139, 681 393, 954, 405 369, 082, 091 367, 218, 494 307,858,073 243, 375, 996 202,109,683 198,244,992 186, 379,'592 160,672,313 159, 753, 968 154, 918, 220 151,040,465 150, 528, 389 148,856,526 144, 020, 197 142,620,776 137, 960, 476 128, 821, 667 123, 610, 904 109, 169, 922 100, 143, 999 99, 040, 676 79,376,262 66, 415, 452 63,083,611 57, 451, 445 65,626,123 53,864,394 50,298,290 41, 160, 276 38, 926, 464 28. 083, 192 18, 359, 159 16, 549, 656 13, 085, 333 10,217,914 8, 768, 743 8,244,624 7, 909, 451 5, 705, 880 3,623,260 3, 096, 274 1900 Value of prod- I „ „„,, ucts. i ^^l^- $1,871,830,872 1,649,882,380 1,120,868,308 907, 626, 439 748, 670, 865 653,006,684 316,304,096 319,691,856 326, 752, 878 337,071.630 315, 106, 150 257, 385, 521 223, 692, 922 211,076,143 165,550,382 154, 00S;644 111,397,919 132, 870, 865 126,508,660 130, 302, 453 94, 532, 368 92, 894, 433 108, 644, 160 112,959,098 86,274,083 92,749,129 70, 831, 346 107,590,803 72,109.929 S9, 067, 879 67, 006, 822 63,335,811 62,744,997 51,516,228 33,718,617 36,692,714 39, 887, .578 34, 183, 509 41,321,061 17,981,648 20, 438, 987 16,426,408 5,604,869 9,529,946 6,269,840 3,001,442 4, 194, 421 2,629,067 4,060,924 3, 268, 565 1,261,005 7 11 12 13 14 15 16 21 17 19 18 24 26 22 20 28 26 30 23 29 27 31 32 33 34 39 37 36 38 35 41 40 42 45 46 60 47 The gross value of products reported for each of the leading 4 manufacturing states at the census of 1905 exceeded $1,000,000,000. :\Iassachusetts, which ranked fourth at both censuses, was the only state of the group for wliich the products fell below this amount at the census of 1900. New York and Pennsylvania for many years have been the 2 leading manufactur- ing states. Until the census of 1890 Massachusetts occupied the third rank, but it was then passed by COMPARATIVE IMPORTANCE OF STATES AND INDUSTRIES. fCV Illinois, which assumed the third place and has since retained that position. The products reported for these 4 states formed 48.6 and 47.1 per cent, respec- tivel}', of the total products for the United States at the censuses of 1900 and 1905. The next group includes states having a gross value of products in excess of $500,000,000, but less than 11,000,000,000, and comprises 2 states, Ohio and New Jersey, which have retained their relativ(> rank of fifth and sixth place at both censuses. The third group comprises 7 states, for each of which the gross value of products at the census of 1905 exceeded S300,000,000 but was less than $500,000,000. There has been considerable change in the relative rank of the states in this group. Missouri, which occupied the tenth place at the census of 1900, advanced to the seventh place in 1905, and Indiana, which ranked seventh, now raiiks tenth. Michigan and Wisconsin have also changed positions. The remaining 3 states of the group retained their relative standing at the two censuses. Marj'land and Rhode Island constitute the fourth group of states, for which the gross value of products amounted to more than $200,000,000 but less than $300,000,000. At the census of 1900 California and Minnesota were also included in this group, but at the census of 1905 they showed a sufficient increase in value of products to place them in the third group. At the previous census Rhode Island was included in the fifth group. The value of products of the 15 states comprising the first four groups formed 80.2 per cent of the total gross value of products for the census of 1905 as compared ^^■ith 81.7 per cent in 1900. Wliile the two remaining groups contain 36 states and territories, including the District of Columbia, their products formed only 19.8 per cent of the total in 1905 and 18.3 per cent in 1900. A number of the states in these groups had the same relative standing at the two censuses, but there have been pronounced changes among some of them. Louisi- ana advanced from the twenty-first to the seventeenth place, Georgia from the twentj'-fourth to the twenty- first, Mississippi from the thirty-ninth to the thirty- fifth, and North Carolina from the twenty-eighth to che twenty-fifth. It is a significant fact, indicative of the industrial .development of the Southern states, that of the 15 Southern states and territories, 7 made an actual advance in their respective ranks, 6 had the same rank at the two censuses, and but 2, Arkansas and Virginia, show a slight retrogression; while of the 6 New England states, 2 show a considerable retro- gression and 4 retained the same relative rank. Table cxliv shows the number of states and terri- tories producing a given value of product as reported at each census from 1850 to 1905, inclusive. Table CXLIV. — Slalcfi and lirrilOriiH (/rovped iirrordiiuj lo gross riiluf of proihiiis: }S5(> lo lOdfi. NUMBER OF STATES AND TERHITORIES WITH A OEOSS ^■AHrE OF PRODUCTS OF— SU)i),0(l(),0()(i 8200,000,000 TvO.ss than I bulless I but I'^kr ,5100,000,000.1 ttiHii 1 than si>on.(K)o,ii(ift, «300,ooo,ooo. $300,000,000 but less than .5500,000,000. 1905. 21 is; Id. 33 ISSO. 33 1,S70. 30 l.Slill. 35 1850. 33 $500,000,000 but less than 81,000,000,000. 2 7 3 5 5 2 1 9 3 2 4 3 3 3 2 2 1 3 $1,000,000,000 and over. The value of products on which this table is based includes for the censuses previous to 1900 the neigh- borhood industries and mechanical trades, so that al- though the figures are not comparable, yet the num- ber of states in each group at each period indicates the advance in the volume of production of the individual states. At the census of 1850 there was no state for which the gross value of products amounted to as much as $300,000,000. By 1900 there were 11 states for each of which the product exceeded this amount, and the number of such states has increased to 13 in 1905. At the census of 1905 the value of products of 10 states was in excess of the maximum for any state or terri- tory in 1860; in 5 states it exceeded the maximum for 1870; in 4 states, the maximum for 1880; and there were 2 states with products exceeding in value the maximum state product for 1890 and 1900. RANK OF STATES AND TERRITORIES IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES. The statistics for the leading industries of the differ- ent states and territories are shown separately and dis- cussed in detail in the reports on manufactures con- tained in Part II. The number of industries treated depended upon the number, magnitude, and diversity of the industries of the various states and territories; in some cases, as Nevada, New Mexico, and the Dis- trict of Columbia, where the manufactures were com- paratively unimportant, no industries were selected, but in each important manufacturing state or territory a number of industries were treated in this manner, the number being as high as 72 in New York, 57 in Penn- sylvania, and 45 in Massachusetts. Altogether there are 130 different classifications for which statistics are thus presented in the reports. The value of products for each industry selected formed either a considerable percentage of the value for all manufactures in the state or territory or a notable proportion of the value of the total production of the industry in the United States. Therefore, while some of the industries are well distributed throughout the states and territories, CCVl MANUFACTURES. others, such as the dyeing and finishing of textiles, and glass, are confined to a comparatively limited num- ber. In the aggregate they are all among the leading industries of the United States, and a comparison of the relative standing of the states and territories in them develops some interesting facts. Of the 130 classifications, 36 have been selected for this com- parison, but as a result of certain combinations of industries they appear in Table cxlv as 32. In 1900 the industries that were interdependent or used materials of a similar nature were combined and presented as one industrj''. In 1905, for purposes of comparison, the same combinations have been made and appear in the table as follows: Iron and steel, blast furnaces, and iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills, are presented as iron and steel; brick and tile, and pottery, terra cotta, and fire clay products, as clay products; and butter, cheese, and condensed milk, as cheese, butter, and condensed milk. In each of these classes the rank of each state and territory is based on the combined value of products. The rank of each state in each of the selected indus- tries at the censuses of 1900 and 1905 is shown in Table cxlv. CCVlll MANUFACTURES. Table OXlV.— RANK OF THE STATES AND TERRITORIES INDUSTRY. Census. a i - < < d ■"5 1 s £ 5 fa & 2 .a ■o 1 T 4 ! 12 12 17 16 13 12 13 11 13 16 11 16 17 27 25 23 22 29 32 33 38 10 9 20 22 8 5 14 12 4 7 2 2 15 9 8 5 19 99 ?s 9 9 38 37 19 15 40 39 15 ""24' 44 43 '"16 13 18 48 50 26 1 6 21 23 26 ..... 39 42 i ■'•1 Flour and grist mill products 18 15 3 3 16 14 17 3 10 ""24" 30 26 10 9*1 42 44 31 32 26 97 Food preparations ?8 Furniture 90 35 33 :;:::; 21 28 15 16 30 V 3?. as 21 22 22 19 21 6 8 9 8 10 15 9 11 10 15 6 10 ■■■i4' 15 13 23 17 34 35 36 30 4 4 14 17 16 24 18 18 19 13 15 20 22 34 Iron and steel ^ I'l 5 6 36 Jewelry 17 21 13 25 3S Leather, tanned, curried, and finished 30 22 21 16 17 32 32 13 19 30 34 5 8 23 22 17 13 17 16 35 34 24 20 7 6 22 22 31 31 40 39 40 42 17 20 19 16 27 28 18 16 10 13 2 2 36 36 32 36 39, 46 39 43 41 38 12 11 21 18 2 2 11 9 16 7 12 9 40 Liquors, distilled 33 21 20 41 42 4? ■29 23 38 39 24 21 31 33 14 19 20 29 26 13 8 45 45 32 37 44 38 38 47 43 7 6 19 21 8 6 46 47 48 4fl Lumber, planing mill products, including sash, doors, and blinds. Oil, cottonseed and cake SO Paper and wood pulp ^^ 20 10 10 16 14 15 16 11 9 21 19 22 f •il 6 6 14 12 14 16 ,'i4 Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale 55 21 20 22 23 '"■21" 18 17 27 29 39 37 26 26 44 38 3 4 1 2 29 28 34 35 2 1 22 23 30 43 46 1 1 6 6 49 7 4 12 14 6 7 15 13 2 2 23 21 ')6 37 30 3 3 40 39 38 42 68 69 Turpentine and rosin 61 Woolen goods 28 31 21 18 4 4 6 6 20 IS 12 11 23 26 62 Worsted goods 30 63 64 - ^ 1 Includes classiHcations of brick and tile" and "pottery, terra cotta, and fire clay products ' ! Includes classiflcStions ot "iron and steel, blast furnaces." and "iron and steel steel works arn 3 Exclusive of Alaska. 1 and steel, steel works and rolling mills." COMPARATIVE IMPORTANCE OF STATES AND INDUSTRIES. IN THIRTY-TWO SELECTED INDUSTRIES: 1905 AND 1900. CCIX S I OS 03 •6 i o3 1 a ■s ■3 i I i m 03 3 S i i 26 'ui 3 1 i i ^ t 2 1 a i >< s 'A a P 6 3 6 si a a a S CO 1-1 1 u 6 b a i i a a c 5 M ^A s S a a S 12 s z Z ?; 19 55 •> 2; 23' -A 3 P4 7 M 27 m 14 ^ > 16 17 f- 4 10 ?i 15 5 25 24 1 11 IS 14 6 8 25 12 21 24 19 3 23 2 7 28 ?H 15 2? 16 17 4 2 14 21 7 17 1 1'^ 11 4 ■'4 5 9 2 ''7 3 29 fi 19 28 ?yi 20 13 25 10 3 21 10 20 27 6 21 16 20 1 9 12 4 11 19 .34 8 39 27 ,33 3 23 9 12 42 2 3 26 13 4 1 5 6 23 29 24 44 18 37 15 16 26 23 26 10 4 41 38 24 43 18 30 5 12 29 22 20 9 4 14 37 8 39 36 48 21 11 47 3 19 45 1 46 ;« 6 24 26 43 18 25 42 30 16 31 28 7 40 6 W 19 ?5 •^1 7 n 16 r oq ■vj ■'fi 1 24 in .32 15 f. 14 .38 .34 20 9 .37 13 2 31 7 32 13 21 16 S 6 23 41 12 28 14 24 1 29 9 37 22 5 35 13 33 31 20 7 34 17 40 2 8 11 27 31 13 15 14 19 .30 7 :« 24 48 33 3 40 5 29 42 1 ,37 .34 o ,32 45 22 2n 35 43 16 26 10 17 49 9 14 31 27 11 9 13 17 32 7 36 24 48 30 3 43 4 26 39 1 40 35 2 28 46 22 18 37 42 19 29 13 10 49 10 9 16 26 4 6 12 15 20 7 22 ,30 10 1 19 5 28 3 33 14 21 24 23 32 25 8 11 10 15 21 12 24 IS 18 16 26 4 9 8 6 1 3 13 7 9 12 14 19 15 13 31 7 8 6 6 24 17 14 42 12 6 8 10 1 1 1 1 20 5 3 4 5 40 29 25 22 27 3 i 2 26 16 22 22 ....1 21 25 21 24 21 18 23 20 18 36 8 13 17 9 12 1 l-l 16 19 13 ?n 14 \ 16 .39 25 41 L... 35 43 29 11 19 20 33 15 14 18 16 2d 21 24 10 9 7 13 13 4 1 2 4 4 12 8 29 10 13 34 16 17 28 37 6 6 7 7 18 16 23 12 12 1 1 5 5 3 3 28 46 1 11 10 5 5 1 1 11 ■ 7 2 6 23 23 29 2 7 5 4 4 2 2 5 4 6 32 5 4 3 3 7 7 41 16 15 15 17 17 19 22 27 20 20 19 14 14 18 35 22 22 16 3 3 8 9 2 ■2 17 .. - 18 19 8 17 18 18 21 14 15 14 2 1 22 20 13 13 14 15 15 19 41 11 11 6 6 10 11 4 19 9 .... ^1 19 10 22 14 14 50 22 25 SO 7 12 23 25 6 43 24 8 13 11 4 5 16 i 23 23 7 '4 in 1 .36 17 43 ,34 19 20 12 35 32 15 26 9 47 25 13 47 30 18 21 9 ■l 45 7 40 17 49 33 22 46 2 24 26 3 28 20 4 34 41 29 11 14 36 31 16 19 27 8 48 26 28 11 21 27 27 31 16 15 11 9 6 8 4 7 3 12 13 14 32 8 5 10 19 14 .33 7 10 19 1 1 1 2 2 5 18 6 8 6 20 18 ,36 22 17 12 17 23 28 24 10 9 7 27 23 18 20 17 28 20 9 23 ,34 22 25 24 29 13 25 21 10 12 9 20 17 9 11 11 10 18 17 7 13 13 33 4 9 10 3 3 10 9 3 2 2 2 9 11 8 8 .30 3 11 9 8 8 30 20 19 4 3 11 12 6 4 4 4 5 5 18 10 7 6 37 .... 24 17 ■37' ,36 1 7 6 1 1 4 8 2 3 4 3 5 8 1 1 19 12 6 3 4 6 13 2 2 8 6 10 10 3 3 6 5 21 27 5 1 1 2 2 1 1 7 1 1 6 5 2 2 6 35 18 31 34 17 29 13 24 23 6 7 8 5 8 11 10 14 12 3 4 8 6 3 37 36 41 31 > 31 32 25 24 8 5 12 15 18 15 8 9 18 19 7 7 12 16 10 6 19 21 17 20 16 16 23 23 16 11 14 14 15 12 33 34 13 13 17 17 18 9 9 20 23 15 21 4 7 23 10 11 29 28 14 25 1 7 7 11 13 20 18 22 27 15 35 20 12 16 27 29 "34' 36 ! 22 20 1 1 26 25 18 19 42 23 14 28 27 37 38 13 12 4 4 16 14 17 ■'si' 16 16 19 15 15 19 12 12 23 24 24 26 30 30 22 30 30 11 19 27 34 34 43 14 14 13 9 24 26 9 '32" 25 24 12 11 14 14 28 29 20 39 40 41 . 23 15 15 12 4' 20 21 4 11 10 10 3 12 12 5 8 25 24 31 26 22 46 36 38 21 18 25 33 33 44 28 43 44 14 45 17 9 18 32 28 2 3 12 22 31 47 25 33 41 13 14 8 46 23 4 42 30 40 10 11 44 29 20 5 24 37 46 16 2.'! 28 21 9 5 8 29 14 46 37 33 11 44 1 22 4 43 26 35 34 45 17 27 42 23 18 15 20 48 47 22 26 27 15 ■ 7 3 14 28 12 41 32 25 11 44 1 16 3 48 36, 2 35 31 45 19 24 40 18 17 29 23 47 48 6 5 3 3 4 4 13 9 in 11 12 7 7 10 9 1 1 49 1 1 sn 3 3 13 13 2 2 8 8 19 7 6 9 12 2 2 18 14 6 48 1 1 3 3 10 8 1 6 7 4 4 8 9 4 17 16 5 4 1 1 9 10 2 12 11 14 17 18 18 ,31 .52 j 6 .53 . _l 1 .34 17 16 19 15 15 in 5 6 8 19 19 7 11 13 13 ,50 4 6 .16 35 3 3 24 42 20 24 ,30 22 22 31 28 23 29 13 18 27 25 30 33 41 23 27 9 16 17 25 24 25 20 12 11 11 46 .35 21 32 28 17 31 45 5fi 47 26 .36 32 67 18 19 29 10 7 6 15 11 33 22 24 12 47 1 31 41 3 43 34 2 27 45 32 28 25 36 40 8 26 20 44 58 14 17 T 7 4 4 29 5 5 24 ■'6 6 6 ,39 60 3 3 7 7 16 1 18 20 i9 22 27 '4 5 5 9 8 7 6 13 13 17 16 2 6 7 11 in "?«' 26 27 8 9 15 19 25 21 10 12 61 1 62 1 1 1 ) ! 8 4 4 5 5 3 3 2 2 9 63 64 1 1 ccx MANUFACTURES. States or territories having less than 3 establish- ments in any of the 36 industries have not been con- sidered in fixing the rank. In the above table the rank of states in industries in which only one or two establishments were returned has not been given. In such cases, in order to avoid disclosing individual oper- ations, the totals in all tables, showing states by indus- tries, have been merged in the totals for " all other industries." It is impracticable to make a segrega- tion of these totals, but the value of products is small and Avith unimportant exceptions the omission does not disturb the ranking. In states or territories for which a small number of establishments was reported in 1900 an increase would result in the state being represented in the industry and a decrease in its being omitted. In 1900 for Dela- ware there were reported 2 and for the District of Columbia 5 establishments engaged in the manufac- tm-e of food preparations. The District of Columbia appeared in the table as sixteenth and Delaware received no rank. In 1905 the number of establish- ments in this industry had increased to 3 for Delaware and decreased to 2 for the District of Columbia, with the result that Delaware appeared in the table as fifteenth and the District of Columbia received no rank. A small increase in value of products is reflected more plainly in states or territories having a comparatively low rank. In 1900 Alabama ranked seventeenth in the production of liquors, distilled, but at the census of 1905 it had attained sixteenth place by an increase of $45,638 in value. The opposite is also true as shown by the production of clay products in Massa- chusetts, the state ranking ninth in 1900 and falling to fifteenth in 1905, with a decrease in value of prod- ucts amounting to but $292,545. In 1900 Arizona ranked forty-third in the manu- facture of lumber, planing mill products, including sash, doors, and blinds, and at the census of 1905 it was forty-seventh in rank, although the products had increased in value by $4,857. Therefore a decrease in rank does not indicate a decrease in the total value of products. Of the 32 classes shown in Table cxlv, those in the greatest number of states and territories at the census of 1905 were as follows: Flour and grist mill products; tobacco, cigars and cigarettes; clay products; lumber, planing mill products, including sash, doors, and blinds; lumber and timber products; carriages and wagons; and confectionery. In 1900 the order was: Flour and grist mill products, appearing in 50 states and territories; carriages and wagons; clay products; and lumber, planing mill products, including sash, doors, and blinds, each appearing in 49; lumber and tinlber products in 48; and tobacco, cigars and ciga- rettes in 47. The states that held first, second, third, fourth, or fifth rank, either at the census of 1905 or 1900, in one or more of the various industries shown by the table, together with the names of the industries in which they attained their rank, are afe follows: New York. — At both censuses the state ranked first in cheese, butter, and condensed milk; clothing, men's; clothing, women's; confectionery; electrical machin- ery, apparatus, and supplies; food preparations; fur- niture ; hosiery and knit goods ; liquors, malt ; lumber, planing mill products, including sash, doors, and blinds; paper and wood pulp; and tobacco, cigars and ciga- rettes. It was second in rank in boots and shoes, and in flour and grist mill products ; third in carriages and wagons and in petroleum refining; and fifth in dyeing and finishing textiles, and in worsted goods. From 1900 to 1905 it advanced from third rank to second in agricultural implements, and in jewelry; from eighth to fourth in iron and steel; and to fifth in liq- uors, distilled ; but dropped from third to fourth place in leather, tanned, curried, and finished; and from fourth to fifth in clay products. Pennsylvania. — At both censuses the state ranked first in glass; iron and steel; leather, tanned, curried, and finished; and petroleum, refining; second in clay products ;^ clothing, women's; confectionery; electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies; hosiery and knit goods; liquors, malt; lumber, planing mill products, including sash, doors, and blinds; tobacco, cigars and cigarettes ; and woolen goods ; third in clothing, men's, and in worsted goods ; and fourth in dyeing and finish- ing textiles. From 1900 to 1905 it dropped from fourth rank to fifth in fertilizers, and in paper and wood pulp; and to sixth in flour and grist mill products, and in lum- ber and timber products ; from fifth to sixth in boots and shoes; cheese, butter, and condensed milk; furniture; and liquors, distilled; and to seventh in cotton goods. Illinois. — At both censuses the state ranked first in agricultural implements ; liquors, distilled ; and slaugh- tering and meat packing, wholesale; second in cloth- ing, men's, and furniture ; third in electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies, and in iron and steel; fourth in cheese, butter, and condensed milk ; and fifth in car- riages and wagons ; glass; jewelry; and tobacco, cigars and cigarettes. From 1900 to 1905 the state advanced from fourth to third in lumber and in planing mill products; from fifth to fourth in clay products; and from sixth to fifth in flour and grist mill products; but dropped from third to fifth in liquors, malt ; to fourth in clothing, women's, and in confectionery; and from fourth to fifth in food preparations. Massachusetts. — At both censuses the state ranked first in boots and shoes ; cotton goods ; woolen goods ; and worsted goods; second in dyeing and finishing textiles; leather, tanned, curried, and finished; and paper and wood pulp; third in hosiery and in knit goods; fourth in electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies; and fifth in clothing, women's. From 1900 to 1905 it advanced from fourth to third place in confectionery and from sixth to fifth in slaughtering and meat packing, whole- COMPARATIVE IMPORTANCE OF STATES AND INDUSTRIES. CCXl sale; but dropped from second to third in jewelry, and from fourth to eighth in furniture. Ohio. — At both censuses the state ranked first in car- riages and wagons, and clay products; second in food preparations, and in iron and steel ; third in liquors, dis- tilled; fourth in petroleum, refining; and fifth in cloth- ing, men's. Froiri 1900 to 1905 it advanced from fourth rank to third in boots and shoes; clothing, women's; and glass; from fifth to fourth in lumber, planir^g mill products; and from sixth to fifth in con- fectionery and in furniture ; but dropped from second to third in agricultural implements; from third to fourth in flour and grist mill products, and in tobacco, cigars and cigarettes; and from fifth to sixth in liquors, malt. New Jersey. — At both censuses the state ranked first in dyeing and finishing textiles, second in petro- leum refining, third in clay products and fertilizers, fovu-th in je\Yelry and worsted goods, and fifth in leather, tanned, curried, and finished, and electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. From 1900 to 1905 the state dropped from third to fourth in glass and from fourth to sixth in iron and steel. Missouri. — From 1900 to 1905 the state advanced from seventh to fourth place in boots and shoes, and liquors, malt, and from fifth to fourth in slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale, but dropped from fifth to sixth in confectionery, and from fifth to eighth in food preparations. Michigan. — At both censuses the state ranked third in furniture and fourth in carriages and wagons. From 1900 to 1905 it advanced in' rank from seventh to fourth place in food preparations and from sixth to fifth in agricultural implements, but dropped from second to third in lumber and timber products; from third to fifth in lumber, planing mill products, includ- ing sash, doors, and blinds, and from fifth to eighth in hosiery and knit goods. Wisconsin. — At both censuses the state ranked sec- ond in cheese, butter, and condensed milk and fourth in agricultural implements. From 1900 to 1905 it advanced from fourth to third place in leather, tanned, curried, and finished, and in liquors, malt; from fifth to fourth in paper and wood pulp; and from eighth to fifth in hosiery and knit goods, but dropped from first to second in lumber and timber products'. Indiana. — At both censuses the state ranked sec- ond in carriages and wagons, in glass, and in liquors, distilled. From 1900 to 1905 it advanced in rank from seventh to fourth in furniture, but dropped from fourth to seventh in slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale, from fifth to sixth in agricultural imple- ments, and to eighth in iron and steel, and flour and grist mill products. Connecticut. — At both censuses the state held fourth place in hosiery and knit goods and in woolen goods. California. — At both censuses the state was fifth in rank in petroleum, refining. Minnesota. — At both censuses the state ranked first in flour and grist mill products. From 1900 to 1905 it advanced from sixth rank to fifth in cheese, butter, and condensed milk, but dropped from third to fifth in lumber and timber products. Maryland. — At both censuses ■ the state ranked fourth in clothing, men's. It dropped from first rank in 1900 to second in 1905 in fertilizers. Rhode Island. — At both censuses the state ranked first in jewelry, second in worsted goods, and third in dyeing and finishing textiles. From 1900 to 1905 it dropped from fourth rank to fifth in cotton goods. Kansas. — At both censuses the state ranked second in slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. It ad* vanced from tenth place in 1900 to third place at the census of 1905 in flour and grist mill products. Louisiana. — At both censuses the state ranked third in oil, cottonseed and cake. From 1900 to 1905 it advanced from ninth to fourth place in lumber and timber products, Iowa. — At both censuses the state ranked third in cheese, butter, and condensed milk and in food prepa- rations. Kentucky. — At both censuses the state ranked fourth in liquors, distilled. In 1900 the state ranked fifth in oil, cottonseed and cake, but dropped to sixth place in 1905. Nebraslca. — At both censuses the state ranked third in slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. Georgia. — At both censuses the state ranked second in oil, cottonseed and cake. From 1900 to 1905 it ad- vanced from sixth to first place in fertilizers and from seventh to fourth in cotton goods, but dropped from first to second in turpentine and rosin. Texas. — At both censuses the state ranked first in oil, cottonseed and cake. , Virginia. — The state gained fourth place at the census of 1905 from fifth in 1900 in fertilizers. Maine. — At both censuses the state ranked third in paper and wood pulp and in woolen goods. North Carolina. — At both censuses the state ranked third in cotton goods and fifth in turpentine and rosin. Washington. — The state gained first place at the census of 1905 from fifth in 1900 in lumber and timber products. New Hampshire. — At both censuses the state ranked fifth in woolen goods, but dropped from third to fifth rank in boots and shoes at the census of 1905. Alabama. — At both censuses the state ranked third CCXll MANUFACTURES. in turpentine and rosin. From 1900 to 1905 it ad- • vanced in rank from sixth to fifth place in iron and steel and from eighth to fifth in oil, cottonseed and cake. South Carolina. — At both censuses the state ranked second in cotton goods. It dropped from second rank in 1900 to sixth at the census of 1905 in fertilizers. Mississippi. — At both censuses the state ranked fourth in oil, cottonseed and cake, and in turpentine and rosin. Florida. — From 1900 to 1905 the state advanced from second to first place in turpentine and rosin, and from fourth to third in tobacco, cigars and cigarettes. INDUSTRIES BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS. The United States, the states and territories, and the cities with a population of 8,000 and over at the census of 1900 are the only political divisions presented in the statistics of manufactures for the census of 1905. To preserve uniformity of treatment, as well as for con- venience of reference, the alphabetical arrangement has, as a rule, been followed in the general tables. In addi- tion, it is essential to have some geographic grouping of the states to illustrate the increase or decrease in larger areas, which are subject to the same general con- ditions, or to show the extent of the concentration of industries in broader areas than those included within state lines. The employment of the same geographic arrange- ment of the states for all branches of census work not only secures uniformity of methods but avoids the possibility of confusion in the use of geographic terms, and makes it possible to obtain the totals for popula- tion, manufactures, agriculture, mining, etc., for exactly the same subdivisions. With this end in view the geographic arrangement given in Table cxlvi has been adopted. Table CXLVI.— SUMMARY— UNITED STATES, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS, STATES, AND TERRITORIES: 1905. GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION AND STATE OE TEEEITOEY. United States Continental United States . . . North Atlantic division New England Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Southern North Atlantic New York New Jersey Peimsylvanla South Atlantic division Northern South Atlantic Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. - . Virginia West Virginia - . . Southern South Atlantic . North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida North Central division Eastern North Central . . Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Western North Central. . Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Number of estab- lish- ments. 216,180 89,978 22,279 3,145 1,618 1,699 10,723 1,617 3,477 67,699 37,194 7,010 23,495 19,564 10,261 631 3,852 482 3,187 2,109 9,303 3,272 1,399 3,219 1,413 73,246 51,754 13,785 7,044 14,921 7,446 8,558 21,492 4,756 4,785 6,464 507 686 1,819 2,475 Capital. 812,686,265,673 12,675,580,874 6,613,352,082 1,870,995,406 143,707,750 109,495,072 62,658,741 965,948,887 215,901,375 373,283,580 4,742,356,677 2,031,459,515 715,060,174 1,995,836,988 930,419,780 507,813,384 60,925,630 201,877,966 20,199,783 147,989,182 86,820,823 422,606,396 141,000,639 113,422,224 136,211,'551 32,971,982 3,753,349,949 2,895,446,016 856,988,830 312,071,234 975,844,799 337,894,102 412,047,051 857,903,933 184,903,271 111,427,429 379,368,827 5,703,837 7,685,142 80,235,310 88,680,117 WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. Average number. 5,470,321 5,468,383 2,827,317 940,752 74,968 65,366 33,106 488,399 97,318 181,605 1,886,565 866,947 266,336 763,282 522,611 242,991 18,476 94, 174 6,299 80,285 43,768 279,620 85,339 59,~441 92,749 42,091 1,536,889 1,224,528 364,298 164, 174 379,436 175,229 151,391 312,361 69, 636 49, 481 133,167 1,756 2,492 20,260 36,670 Wages. $2,611,540,532 2,610,444,953 1,366,194,774 439,060,232 32,691,766 27,693,203 16,221,069 232,388,946 43,112,637 87,942,628 926,1.44,542 430,014,851 128,168,801 367,960,890 175,460,786 97,066,917 8,168,203 36,144,244 3,668,370 27,943,068 21,163,042 78,403,868 21,375,294 13,868,960 27,392,442 15,767,182 773,486,166 615,643,634 182,429,425 72,058,099 208,405,468 81,278,837 71,471,805 157,842,631 35,843,145 22,997,053 66,644,126 1,031,307 1,421,680 11,022,149 18,883,071 Miscellaneous expenses. 81,455,019,473 1,453,167,757 702,599,687 167,203,971 12,485,167 9,006,821 4,923,366 93,840,186 14,623,430 32,325,002 535,395,716 301,576,788 66,562,681 167,267,247 91,770,695 49,990,908 2,691,218 21,904,752 2,724,840 14,403,382 8,266,716 41,779,787 17,962,050 6,013,241 12,206,634 5,607,862 518,132,418 413,259,173 102,704,746 46,682,613 172,186,567 46,012,191 45,674,156 104,873,245 24,493,840 12, 152, 888 49,522,457 509,880 833,360 8,490,360 8,870,460 Cost of mate- rials used. Value of prod- ucts, including custom work and repairing. $8,503,949,756 8,600,207,810 4,078,268,071 1,116,272,902 80,042,090 73,216,387 32,429,852 626,410,431 112,872,261 191,301,881 2,961,995,169 1,348,603,286 470,449,176 1,142,942,707 550,101,771 320,708,198 24,883,806 150,024,066 7,731,971 83,649,149 54,419,206 229,393,573 79,268,004 49,968,626 83,624,504 16,532,439 2,907,647,683 2,045,636,931 527,636,585 220,507,007 840,067,316 230,080,931 227,255,092 862,010,652 210,663,949 102,843,892 252,258,417 7,095,986 8,696,831 124,051,628 156,509,949 $14,802,147,087 14,793,902,563 7,244,264,373 2,025,998,437 144,020,197 123,610,904 63,083,611 1,124,092,061 202,109,683 369,082,091 5,218,265,936 2,488,345,579 774,369,025 1,955,551,332 974,028,415 560,792,632 41,160,276 243,375,996 18,359,159 148,866,625 99,040,676 423,235,783 142,520,776 79,376,262 161,040,455 60,298,290 4,889,813,934 3,605,368,132 960,811,857 393,954,405 1,410,342,129 429,120,060 411,139,681 1,284,445,802 307,858,073 160,672,313 439,548,957 10,217,914 13,085,333 154,918,220 198,244,992 COMPARATIVE IMPORTANCE OF STATES AND INDUSTRIES. ccxm Table CXLVI.— SUMMARY— UNITED STATES, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS, STATES, AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Number of estab- Ush- ments. Capital. WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Miscellantous expenses. Cost of mate- rials used. Value of prod- ucts, including custom work and repairing. GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION AND STATE OK TERRITORY. Average number. Wages. South Central division 18,590 $734,267,139 364,699 $151,069,526 $82,908,012 $498,988,696 $879,567,293 Eastern South Central 10,311 405,361,127 221,229 83,941,797 46,525,537 252, 156, 463 464,335,811 Kentucky 3,734 3,175 1,882 1,S20 8,279 147,282,478 102,439,481 105,382,859 50,256,309 328,906,012 .'59,794 60,672 62,173 38,690 143,470 24,438,684 22,805,628 21,878,451 14,819,034 67,127,729 20,630,852 12,090,099 8,048,819 5,855,767 36,382,475 .86,545,464 79,351,746 60,458,368 25,800,885 246,832,233 169,753,968 137,960,476 109,169,922 Mis.sis.'^ippi 67,461,445 Western South Central - 416,231,482 Louisiana . . 2,091 1,907 466 657 3,158 14,802 150,810,608 46,306,116 5,016,654 11,107,763 115,664,871 644,191,924 55,859 33,089 2,267 3,199 49,066 216,867 25,315,760 14,543,635 1,144,078 1,665,324 24,468,942 145,233,703 16,047,105 6,648,343 492,539 979,016 12,215,472 57,756,945 117,035,306 21,799,346 4,848,646 11,545,306 91,603,630 465,301,689 186,379,592 63,864,394 Indian Territory . 7,909,451 16,649,656 Texas 160,528,389 806,228,548 2,720 177,276,892 39,143 29,226,163 12,532,023 111,649,687 184,557,334 382 364 169 1,606 199 890 52,589,810 9,689,445 2,695,889 107,663,500 4,638,248 43,291,662 8,967 3,061 1,834 21,813 3,478 13,647 8,652,217 2,059,391 1,261,122 15,100,366 2,153,068 9,820,055 4,052,081 1,111,699 420,597 6,519,100 428,646 2,858,927 40,930,060 4,068,623 1,300,773 63,114,397 2,235,934 41,162,660 66,416,452 Idaho 8,768,743 3,523,260 Colorado . 100,143,999 6,705,880 70,105,930 169 606 115 11,192 14,395,664 26,004,011 2,891,997 423,623,370 4,793 8,062 802 164,077 3,969,248 5,167,400 693,407 106,187,485 1,208,320 1,465,707 184,900 42,366,995 14,595,057 24,939,827 1,627,776 312,489,342 28,083,192 Utah 38,926,464 3,096,274 Pacific 561,566,284 2,751 1,602 6,839 82 90,962,621 44,023,548 282,647,201 10,684,799 46, 199 18,523 100,355 1,938 30,087,287 11,443,512 64,656,686 1,095,579 11,034,750 4,185,595 27,145,660 1,861,716 66,166,165 30,596,763 215,726,414 3,741,946 128,821,667 65,625,123 367,218,494 8,244,524 This table arranges the states and territories in five divisions and twelve subdivisions, bringing to- gether contiguous states, and giving subtotals for lim- ited areas in which the same general conditions pre- dominate. It also brings together these subtotals, presenting aggregates for larger sections of the coun- try. This method of presentation, although it may not give the figures for the separate states in so convenient a form as an alphabetical arrangement, permits the broader comparison of the statistics for the country by its principal geographic divisions, and also facilitates the comparison of the manufactures of adjoining states, developing interesting facts as to their relative impor- tance. The following brief comparisons will serve to indicate the advantages of the table. Of the 4 states comprising the Southern South Atlan- tic subdivision at the census of 1905, Georgia was the most important and North Carolina ranked second. The manufactures of these 2 states gave employment to 63.7 per cent of the wage-earners, and the value of their products formed 69.4 per cent of the total for the subdivision. Each of them gave employment to more than twice as many wage-earners as were reported for Florida, the last of the group, and exceeded by more than 25,000 the number reported for South Carolina, the remaining state. Considering the entire South Atlantic division, it is found that the manufactures are divided quite evenly between the northern and southern subdivisions. The southern subdivision contains 53.5 per cent of the wage-earners and 43.5 per cent of the value of products, and the northern subdivision 46.5 and 56.5 per cent, respectively. In the Eastern South Central group the total value of products for Kentucky is not far from being three times as large as that for Mississippi, while that for Tennessee is over twice as large, and that for Alabama lacks only a little of being double. Of the twelve subdivisions shown in the table, the Southern North Atlantic is the most important. The establishments included in it gave employment to 1,886,565 wage-earners, and their products were valued at $5,218,265,936, forming 34.5 and 35.3 per cent, respectively, of the totals for the United States, includ- ing Alaska. The Eastern North Central division ranks second, reporting 1,224,528 wage-earners and products valued at $3,605,368,132, forming 22.4 and 24.4 per cent of the totals for the United States. In addition to the established official grouping of the states as shown in Table oxlvi, further interesting fea- tures of the statistics are developed by adopting the broader and more familiar grouping given in Table CXLVII. ccxiv MANUFACTURES. Table CXLVII.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY— UNITED STATES BY GROUPS GRIJUI' OF STATES. Census . Number of estab- lish- ments. Canital. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Number. Salaries. 1 ■ United States 1905 1900 216,262 207,562 4.2 $12,686,265,673 8,978,825,200 41.3 519,751 364,202 42.7 $574,761,231 380,889,091 60.9 2 1905 1900 4 22,279 22,576 11.3 72,664 70,844 2.6 33, 189 31,366 5.8 67,769 66,298 2.2 9,097 .8,101 12.3 11,192 8,329 34.4 82 48 70.8 1,870,995,406 1,507,629,619 24.1 5,015,360,056 3,656,526,169 37.2 1,391,683,540 805,405,187 72.8 3,571,145,543 2,498,642,005 42.9 402,772,960 261,651,877 53.9 423,623,370 245,401.639. 72.6 10,684,799 3,668,704 199.4 60,268 45.402 32.7 198,370 136,213 45.6 55,637 34,940 59.2 174,211 127,608 36.5 13,370 9,834 36.0 17,710 10, 123 74.9 196 82 137.8 72,799,265 53,396,463 36.3 225,050,766 150,997,226 49.0 55,128,940 31,072,813 77.4 185,976,456 125,091,748 48.7 14,860,306 9,432,106 57.6 20,624,590 10,780,965 91.3 321,909 117,770 173.3 5 6 7 1906 1900 8 4 in 1905 1900 11 1"^ It Central states 5. . . 1905 1900 14 16 Western states <>. 1905 1900 17 18 19 Pacific states ' . 1905 1900 20 ?1 Per cent of increase r* 1905 1900 23 74 1 Decrease. i . '^t; i ■ i.' , sjjaine, New Hampshire, Vern^ont, Massachusetts, Rhode" rslahd, and Connecticut. 3 New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland,, and District of Columbia. ^ Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, Indian Terri- tory, Oklahoma, and Texas. COMPARATIVE IMPORTANCE OF STATES AND INDUSTRIES. OF STATES, WITH PER CENT OF INCREASE: 1905 AND 1900. CCXV WAGE-E.\RNEEa AND WAGES. years and over. Wages. $317,279,008 248,814,074 27.5 Miscellaneous expenses. Cost of mate- rials used. Value of prod- ucts, including custom work and repairing. Total. 1 Men 16 ye Average number. 4, 244, 538 3,635,236 16.8 1 rs and over. Wages. $2,266,273,317 1,736,347,184 30.5 Women 16 .Vverage number. Children under 16 years. Average number. Wages. Average number. 159,899 161,276 10.9 Wages. 5,470,321 4,715,023 16 $2,611,540,532 2,009.735,799 29.9 1,065,884 918,511 16.0 $27,988,207 24,574,541 13.9 31,455,019,473 905,600,225 60.7 $8,503,949,756 6,577,614,074 29.3 $14,802,147,087 11,411,121,122 29.7 1 2 3 940,752 851,903 10.4 439,050,232 367,674,353 19.4 650,148 582, 572 11.6 345,138,972 288,229,968 19.7 263,650 244,541 7.8 88,086,475 74,804,609 17.8 26, 954 24,790 8.7 5,824,785 4,639,776 25.6 167,203,971 109,963,995 52.1 1,116,272,902 904,036,980 23.5 2,025,998,437 1,660,348,100 22.0 4 S 6 2,005,513 1,725,731 16.2 974,105,359 773.258,384 26.0 1,477,425 1,259,992 17.3 823,343,753 651,271,349 26.4 471,400 406,687 15.9 140,803,364 112,563,092 25.1 56,688 59,052 14.0 9,958,242 9,423,943 5.7 562,716,526 354, 108, 289 58.9 3,144,635,012 2,472,959,497 27.2 5,521,161,367 4,343,542,548 27.1 7 8 9 768,362 628,053 22.3 278, 569, 494 185,688,781 50.0 632,880 515, 182 22.8 253,872,560 168,450,100 50.7 89,743 71,895 24.8 18,406,704 12,839,900 43.4 45,739 40,976 11.6 6,290,230 4,398,781 43.0 147,357,897 82,283,645 79.1 866,450,624 564,148,540 53.6 1,550,700,277 1,020,376,844 62.0 10 11 12 1,476,812 1,290,003 14.5 741,127,958 566.803,094 30,8 1,234,315 1,084,064 13.9 674.264,787 518,589,176 30.0 215,757 174, 120 23.9 61,826,884 42,927,898 44.0 26,740 31,819 116.0 5,036,287 5,286,020 14.7 499,428,358 322,473,914 54.9 2,611,193,189 2,067,843,884 26.3 4,513,347,475 3,525,923,409 28.0 13 14 15 112,867 93,867 20.2 71,404,425 51,159,359 39.6 102,562 85,885 19.4 68,435,276 49,213,042 39.1 8,443 5,712 47.8 2.532,294 1,544,618 63.9 1.862 2,270 '18.0 436,855 401,699 8.8 34,095,010 17,580,874 93.9 449,166,741 342,902,544 31.0 631,129,723 491,926,220 28.3 16 17 18 164,077 123,206 33.2 106,187,485 63,777.148 66.5 145,313 105,282 38.0 100,132,329 39,219,274 69.1 16,862 15,555 8.4 5,615,099 4,133,552 35.8 1,902 2,369 119.7 440,057 424, 322 3.7 42,365,995 19,031,464 122.6 312, 4S9, 342 223,960,046 39.6 651,565,284 364,809,580 51.2 19 20 21 1,938 2,260 U4.2 1,095,579 1,374,680 120.3 1,895 2,259 116.1 1,085,640 1,374,275 121.0 29 1 2,800.0 8,188 405 1,921.7 14 1,751 1,851,716 158,054 1,071.6 3,741,946 1,762,583 112.3 8,244,524 4, 194, 421 96.6 22 n ... 24 5 Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, and Missouri. 6 Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Kansas-, Arizona, and New Mexico. ' Washington, Oregon, and California. CCXVl MANUFACTURES. This grouping brings the states together into geo- graphic divisions which are more comprehensive "and from the standpoint of mq,nufactures more broadly homogeneous than those shown by the grouping in Table cxlvi. With respect to it the following appeared in the Twelfth Census Report on Manufactures : ' The New England states are commonly regarded as a geographic unit, ordinary commercial use associating these six states as a dis- tinct group governed by conditions peculiar to themselves. The same is true of the Middle states, although there is less certainty in the public mind as to the states which actually constitute this group. The Southern states comprise another distinct geographic unit, and a more accurate conception of their industrial progress is obtained by associating them in one group than by dividing them into the South Atlantic and South Central groups. The Central states in the middle West, often called the Prairie states, are a homogeneous territory, whose industrial development has been nearly uniform. The same is true of the Western states, known as the Rocky Mountain group, most of which have advanced into statehood within a com- paratively recent period. Finally, there are the three states com- prising the Pacific group, whose industrial development has been 'Twelfth CerisuB, Manufactures, Part I, page clxxi. governed by conditions altogether different from those prevailing elsewhere. , Table oxlvii shows the relative importance of the manufacturing industries in these seven geographic divisions of the country, but as it is confined to two censuses and covers a period of but about four and one-half years it conveys only a limited idea of the ra- pidity of development in the different sections. To be complete the table should show the statistics for the earlier censuses, but as the totals for the censuses prior to 1900 can not be reduced to a comparative basis with those for the factory census of 1905 they are not repro- duced in this connection. Reference should be made to Part I of the Twelfth Census Report on Manufac- tures for information concerning the increase prior to 1900.^ This table should be considered in connection with Table cxlviii, which shows the percentage the manufactures of each of the seven geographic divi- sions constitutes of the total for the United States. ^Twelfth Census, Manufactures, Part I, page clxxii. Table CXLVIII.- -PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF MANUFACTURES IN THE UNITED STATES, BY GROUPS OF STATES: 1850 TO 1905. Census. PEE CENT OF TOTALS FOB UNITED STATES. GROUP OF STATES. Number of establish- ments. Capital. Wage-earners. Miscella- neous ex- penses. Cost of mate- rials used. Value of products. V Average number. Wages. New England states 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1860 1850 1906 1900 1890 1880 1870 1860 1850 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1860 1850 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1860 1850 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1860 1850 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1860 1850 1906 1900 1890 10.3 10.9 13.6 12.4 12.8 14.7 18.3 33.6 34.1 35.2 35.3 34.7 37.9 43.9 16.3 16.1 13.1 14.6 15.4 17.2 16.7 31.3 32.0 31.8 32.3 33.6 23.4 20.2 4.2 3.9 3.2 2.6 1.6 0.5 5.2 4.0 3.1 2.8 2.1 6.3 0.9 0.1 (') (') 14.7 16.8 18.0 22.4 23.1 25.5 31.1 39.5 40.7 •39.2 42.1 42.7 43.1 44.2 11.0 9.0 7.8 6.9 6.6 11.5 12.6 28.2 27.8 29.7 25.1 24.4 17.1 11.8 3.2 2.9 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.4 (■) 3.3 2., 3.3 2.5 2.2 2.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 (1) 17.2 18.1 19.3 23.7 25.7 29.9 32.7 36.7 36.6 38.5 41.7 39.2 41.6 43.9 14.0 13.3 9.7 8.2 9.1 10.1 11.5 27.0 27.4 28.2 23.6 23.8 14.2 11.5 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.0 0.8 0.3 (■) 3.0 2.6 2.6 1.8 1.4 3.9 0.4 « (>) (') 16.8 18.3 19.0 23.9 27.2 27.6 31.8 37.3 38.4 40.8 42.8 41.4 40.2 44.3 10.7 9.2 7.1 5.6 5.8 9.2 9.5 28.4 28.3 27.6 24.1 22.6 14.9 12.7 2.7 2.5 2.2 1.1 1.1 0.4 4.1 3.2 3.3 2.6 1.9 7.8 1.7 (') 0.1 (') n.5 12.2 15.7 13.1 13.8 15.3 19.4 24.3 23.8 27.6 37.0 37.6 38.1 41.1 41.7 43.1 47.9 10.2 8.6 7.4 6.3 6.5 10.6 9.5 30.7 31.4 32.5 29.4 24.9 19.6 14.5 5.3 6.2 3.6 1.4 10 0.2 0.1 3.7 3.4 3.1 2.4 1.6 2.8 0.4 C) 0) (.. 13 7 14.6 16.0 20.6 23.8 24.8 27.8 Middle states 38.7 39.1 36.3 37 3 38.1 38.9 41.3 41.8 42 5 46.4 Southern states 10.1 9.1 8.2 10.5 8.9 7.5 6.3 6 6 10.3 9 9 Central states 34.3 35.6 34,7 30.5 30.9 31.4 28 24.9 18.1 14 3 Western states 2.4 1.9 2.4 4.3 4.3 3.0 1.4 1 1 0.4 1 2.9 2.1 2.7 3.7 3.2 3.2 2.4 1.8 3 9 1.5 Alaska 0.1 (1) C) 0) (■) 1 Less than one-tentti ol 1 per cent. COMPARATIVE IMPORTANCE OF STATES AND INDUSTRIES. CCXVll As explained on page xxxiii, although the inclusion of the neighborhood industries and mechanical trades at prior censuses destroys the availability of the figures for direct comparison with those for the census of 1905, it has but slight effect on the statistics other than to increase the number of establishments. While totals in which such industries are included should not be used in comparative tables, their employment in com- puting percentages similar to those given in Table CXLVII does not greatly disturb the proportions. In this way it is made possible to extend the table to earlier censuses, thus adding greatly to its value; the percentages are therefore presented for the censuses prior to 1900, subject to the qualifications just noted. 1. The New England states. — This group comprises the states in which manufactures were first established, and during the earlier history of the country it con- tained the major portion of many of the most impor- tant industries. At the census of 1850, when the rela- tive importance in manufactures of the different states was first definitely determined, it was found that the New England states gave employment to 32.7 per cent of the wage-earners and produced 27.8 per cent of the total products of the United States. These propor- tions have decreased at each succeeding census until 1905, when the wage-earners formed 17.2 and the value of products 13.7 per cent of the total. This group of states is now surpassed in the magnitude of its manu- factures by both the Middle and the Central geo- graphic divisions, as it is exceeded by them in popula- tion also. Since 1900 there has been a larger actual as well as proportional increase in value of products for the Middle, Southern, and Central divisions than for the New England states. Notwithstanding the more rapid increase in the manufactures of other sections of the country and the resulting decrease in the proportion of the total repre- sented by the New England states, the manufactures of the division have increased enormously since 1850, and they now represent a large proportion of many of the most important industries. Among them are the following, in each of which more than 50 per cent of the value of products was reported at the census of 1905 by factories located in these states: Ammunition; boots and shoes, leather; boots and shoes, rubber; brass and copper, rolled; brassware; clocks; combs; corsets ; cotton goods ; envelopes ; firearms ; hardware ; needles, pins, and hooks and eyes; nets and seines; plated ware; silversmithing and silverware; woolen goods; worsted goods. In these states, also, were produced more than 49.9 per cent of the cutlery and edge tools, 46.3 per cent of the jewelry, 38.6 per cent of the paper and wood pulp, and 40 per cent of rubber and elastic goods. Over 49 per cent of the textiles dyed and finished in establishments not parts of tex- tile mills were dyed and finished in New England. 2. TJie Middle states. — This geographic division also contains some of the oldest manufacturing communi- ties of the United States. It contains eight out of the twenty largest manufacturing cities, and its factories cover practically all branches of industry. The rate of increase for the division has been considerably greater than that for the New England states. The gross value of its products is now more than twice as great, and its factories give employment to more than twice the number of wage-earners that there are in the New England division. The value of products, $5,521,161,367, reported for the census of 1905, is far in excess of that for any other geographic division and is an increase of $1,177,618,819 over that reported by this division for 1900, a larger actual increase than is reported for any other division. The increase in the manufactures of other states has, however, also tended to reduce the proportion in the Middle states, and, as shown by Table cxLViii, their percentage of the total value of products has decreased from 46.4 per cent in 1850 to 37.3 per cent at the census of 1905. While a large proportion of all of the leading manufactures are found in these states, they especially predominate in the following, their factories producing more than 50 per cent of the products of each class : Belting and hose, rubber; buttons; carpets and rugs, other than rag; cement; chemicals ; clothing, men's; clothing, women's; coke; dyestuffs and extracts; electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies ; gas and lamp fixtures ; gloves and mittens, leather; hats, felt; hats, straw; hosiery and knit goods ; iron and steel, blast furnaces ; iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills; lapidary work; lead pencils (the entire product) ; leather goods ; locomo- tives; millinery and lace goods; mirrors; perfumery and cosmetics; petroleum, refining; phonographs and graphophones ; photographic apparatus; photographic materials; silk and silk goods; shirts; smelting and refining, copper; stamped ware; sugar and molasses, refining; tin and terne plate; tobacco, cigars and ciga- rettes; varnishes; wall paper; wire; wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin. Other industries represented largely in the Middle states were as follows: Leather, tanned, curried, and finished, 49.4 per cent of the total value of product for the industry; glass, 49 per cent; lamps and reflectors, 48.9 per cent; paints, 48.2 per cent; steam fittings and heating apparatus, 47.5 per cent; sewing machines and attachments, 47.4 per cent; wirework, including wire r6pe and cable, 45.9 per cent; druggists' preparations, 45.2 per cent; shipbuilding, iron and steel, 44.3 per cent; printing and publishing, book and job, 42.1 per cent; pottery, terra cotta, and fire clay products, 41.6 per cent; mattresses and spring beds, 40.7 per cent; confectionery, 38.1 per cent. 3. Tlie Southern states. — It is probable that the in- dustrial development of the Southern states has been more rapid during the years between the censuses of 1900 and 1905 than for any other equal period of their history. As shown by Table cxlvii, the increase, 52 per cent, in gross value of products was almost CCXVIU MANUFACTURES. twice as large as that for any of the other divisions, with the exception of the Pacific states and Alaska, where the amounts involved were comparatively small. The increases in capital invested, wage-earners, wages, and the other items indicating industrial pros- perity were in keeping with the increase in production. At the census of 1860 the products of manufactures in this division formed 10.3 per cent of the total for the United States, but at the census of 1870, immediately following the Civil War, the proportion had decreased to 6.6 per cent, and it continued to decrease until 1880, when it was but 6.3 per cent. Since then there has been a steady growth, the census of 1905 showing a slight gain of two-tenths of 1 per cent over 1860. The manufactures of the entire country have increased enormously since the latter year, and that the South now occupies the same relative position that it held before the ravages of the Civil War had depleted its re- sources conveys at once an impression of its- rapid recovery and wonderful increase. The value of the products of manufactures reported for these states at the census of 1905 was a sum more than eight times greater than the value in 1860. From the stand- point of the number of wage-earners, the manufac- turers of the South have more than recovered their ground, for at the census of 1905 they gave employ- ment to 14.2 per cent of the wage-earners reported for the entire country, against but 10.1 per cent in 1860. This exceptional increase in the number of wage-earn- ers is due to the development of industries requiring more labor and involving a greater number of proc- esses, such as the textile industries and iron and steel. At the census of 1905 the rice cleaning and polishing industry was principally, and the turpentine and rosin industry was wholly confined to this division, and the cottonseed oil and cake and the peanut grading, roast- ing, cleaning, and shelling industries almost wholly; while more than 50 per cent of the value of products for the canning and preserving of oysters, the manu- facture of fertilizers, and wood preserving were also reported. In addition, the Southern states showed 47.7 per cent of the total value of products for chew- ing and smoking tobacco and snuff; over 40 per cent for lumber and timber products; more than 37 per cent of the total value for cotton goods ; over 30 per cent of the manufactured ice; and over 12 per cent in value of the blast furnace product of the iron and steel in- dustry. 4. TJie Central states. — As measured by the value of products, the relative importance of this group of states has increased from 14.3 per cent in 1850 to 30.5 per cent at the census of 1905, a relative increase of 16.2 per cent. During the same period the relative im- portance of the New England states has decreased by 14.1 per cent. ' Table cxlviii indicates that the increase in the pro- portion of wage-earners for the division has not been quite as rapid as in the value of products. This is explained by the fact that one of the principal indus- tries — slaughtering and meat packing^reports a comparatively low average number of employees to a product of a given value. In magnitude of operations the manufactures of the Central states exceeded those of all the other geo- graphic divisions except the Middle states. The rapid increase in the manufactures of this section has been due primarily to the development of the iron and copper mines of Michigan and Wisconsin, to the lum- ber and timber industry, and to the slaughtering and meat packing industries. For the following indus- tries these states reported more than 50 per cent of the value of products: Agricultural implements; auto- mobiles; butter; candles; carriages and wagons; cars, steam railroad; cars, street railroad; cash regis- ters and calculating machines; cheese; food prepara- tions; furniture; glucose; liquors, distilled; oil, linseed; oleomargarine; refrigerators; slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale; and stoves and furnaces. Other industries for which the Central states showed a relatively large value of product at the census of 1905 are as follows: Flour and grist mill products, 49.7 per Cent of the total value of products for the industry; soap, 48.2 per cent; druggists' prepara- tions, 47.3 per cent; glue, and wirework, including wire rope and cable, each 45.9 per cent; starch, 46.5 per cent; condensed milk, 45.6 per cent; matches, 43.9 per cent; mattresses and spring beds, 40.7 per cent; lime, 39.3 per cent; and foundry and machine shop products, 37 per cent. 5. Tlie Western states. — The 4 states of Colorado, Nebraska, Kansas, and Montana reported 82.3 per cent of the manufactures of this geographic division as measured by the value of product. All the states in this division, especially those not enumerated above, are engaged principally in agriculture and stock raising. The relative importance of the manu- factures of this division has, however, increased con- stantly since 1850. At that census the value of the products formed only one-tenth of 1 per cent of the total for the United States. This proportion had increased to 4.3 per cent at the census of 1905. At the census of 1905 the Western states reported nearly 40 per cent of the value of product for the beet sugar industry. They reported more than 50 per cent of the total value of product for the smelting and refining of zinc, 43 per cent for the smelting of lead, and 35.5 per cent for the smelting and refining of copper. The smelting of lead and copper ores is done largely m the Western states and the refining largely in the Middle states. If in the refining only the value added by the process could be given as the value of the product, the Western states would show much more than 50 per cent of the total product for the lead and copper smelting and refining industries. The value of the ore smelted is, however, duplicated in the COMPARATIVE IMPORTANCE OF STATES AND INDUSTRIES. CCXIX value of the metal refined, and thus, as the refining is done largely in the Middle states, the geographic division made up of these states is accredited with the greater value of product in these industries. 6. The Pacific states. — This division comprises but 3 states. The value of their products as reported at the census of 1905 formed 3.7 per cent of the total for the United States. The proportion is somewhat less than that for the Western states, though their manufacture gave employment to a slightly larger proportion of the total wage-earners. Since the cen- sus of 1900 the value of products has increased 51.2 per cent and the number of wage-earners 33.2 per cent, the percentage of increase in value of products being almost as great as that for the Southern states and that for the number of wage-earners considerabty in excess. For vinous liquors the Pacific states reported more than 50 per cent of the value of prod- ucts; for canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables, over 25 per cent; for canning and preserving, fish, 24.8 per cent; and for beet sugar, more than 20 per cent. Other principal industries of the division are lumber and timber products; flour and grist mill products; foundry and machine shop products; shipbuilding, iron and steel; and petroleum, refining. 7. AlasTca. — The canning and preserving of fish was the only industry of any importance in Alaska at the census of 1905, reporting 93.8 per cent of the total value of products for the territory. The other indus- tries for which reports were obtained were lumber and timber products, fertilizers, malt liquors^ and the printing and publishing of newspapers and periodicals. OHAPTEE X. POWER EMPLOYED IN MANUFACTUEES. As explained on page xxi, the census of 1905 was not confined to large establishments, but covered all that had an annual product of $500, provided they were not engaged in the neighborhood and mechanical industries. Therefore many of the establishments included were not of sufficient size to employ motive power with ad- vantage, while others were engaged in industries where power was not necessary. In reducing the totals for the census of 1900 to a com- parative basis, it was found to be impracticable to elim- inate the statistics of power for all the neighborhood and mechanical industries, the other statistics for which excluded. Comparatively little motive power, were however, was employed in these industries, and conse- quently their inclusion has but slight effect on compari- sons with the statistics for the census of 1905, except for "total number of establishments reporting power." The statistics of power, by kind, as reported at each census since 1870, are summarized in Table cxlix, which gives for each census the total horsepower. Table CXLIX.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, WITH PER CENT OF INCREASE, 1870 TO 1905. FOR EACH CENSUS PERIOD: [For 1900 the number of establishments reporting power and- the horsepower include the hand trades and neighborhood industries, except custom grlst^li^s^ custom sawmills, and cotton ginning. Prior to 1900 the total number of establishments, the number reporting power, and the horsepower include all hand- trades and neighborhood industries.] CENSUS. FEB CENT OF INCREASE. 1906 1900 1890 1880 1870 1900 to 1905 1890 to 1900 1880 to 1890 1870 to 1880 Number of establishments 216,262 134, 544 14,641,544 108.8 127, 425 10,828,111 73.9 21,526 289,514 2.0 20,996 1,647,969 11.3 73,120 1,150,891 7.9 92,154 0.6 632,905 4.3 441,692 191,313 207,562 133, 456 10,409,626 78.0 130,764 8,140,633 78.2 14,334 134, 742 1.3 23, 104 1,464,229 14.0 16,902 310,661 3.0 49,985 0.6 319,476 3.0 182,662 136,913 365, 415 100,735 5,954,656 59.1 91,410 4,581,595 76.9 8,930 0.1 39,008 1,265,206 21.1 16,669 0.3 4,784 0.1 88,671 1.5 88, 671 253,862 86,923 3,410,837 39.7 56,483 2,185,458 64.1 262, 148 2,346,142 "9.3 m 1,215,711 61.8 W 4.2 0.8 40.7 39.6 12.6 33.0 141.6 32.6 74.8 32.0 43.0 77.7 40.0 17.2 74.6 48.9 61.8 109.6 7 Number of establishments reporting power ... .... Average horsepower per establishment 326 9 Owned: Engines- Steam — Gas and gasoline — Number. 50.2 114.9 1,408.9 Per cent of total horsepower Water wheels'— 65,404 1,225,379 35.9 (=1 1,130,431 48.2 19.1 13.3 140.8 15.9 129.6 2.4 Horsepower '. 8 4 Per cent of total horsepower Electric motors- Number 332.6 270.5 1,895.4 Per cent of total horsepower « m 84.4 944. 8 Rented, total (^) (.') 98.1 260.7 ' 1 (.') o 141.9 39.7 " ' " Other kind, horsepower 1 Decrease. ' Not reported. ^ .Average for all establishments. ' Includes 1,398 water motors with 6,934 horsepower in 1905. The figures for the census of 1900 given in the table show that 133,456 establishments, or 64.3 per cent of the total number, reported the use of power, leaving 74,106, or 35.7 per cent, reporting no power. At the census of 1905 the number of establishments, exclusive of all neighborhood and mechanical indus- tries, reporting power was 134,544, a number greater than the total shown for 1900; the percentage, however, that this number constituted of the total number of establishments was 62.2, or 2.1 percent less than the corresponding percentage for 1900. (ccxx) In this table the statistics of power for 11,474 estab- lishments that were engaged in industries excluded from the census of 1905 are included for the census of 1900. These establishments used a total of 157,125 horsepower. When they are omitted, the num'ber re- porting the use of power becomes 121,982, or 58.8 per cent of the total, the proportion thus being 3.4 per cent less than the corresponding proportion for the census of 1905. Exclusive of rented power the steam horse- power reported in 1900, according to these revised fig- ares, was 8,026,022; the water horsepower, 1,449, 460j POWER EMPLOYED IN MANUFACTURES. CCXXl and the electric horsepower, 308,439; the increase in these particulars, as shown at the census of 1905, being 34.9, 13.7, and 273.1 per cent, respectively. Certain establishments do not use power, although they are engaged in industries in which power is ap- parently necessary. For example, 4 establishments included in the classification "cotton goods" at the census qf 1905 reported the use of hand looms exclu- sively; and the same was true of several establishments classified under woolen and worsted manufactures. A number of establishments engaged in the manufac- ture of hosiery and knit goods used hand laiitting machines exclusively, and others made sweaters and fancy knit goods without the use of power; while sev- eral establishments included under "silk and silk goods" were engaged in the manufacture of certain silk small wares for which no power was required. The classification "lumber, planing mill products, including sash, doors, and blinds," includes a number of establishments that were engaged in the manufac- ture of window screens, ladders, novelties for house trimming, and similar products, in which none but hand labor was employed. A part of the difl'erence between the total number of establishments and the number reporting power is doubtless due to the fact that at every census a few establishments neglect to answer the inquiry as to power; accordingly the total horsepower as reported is probably slightly less than the amount in actual use in the manufacturing industries of the country. The increasing importance of raotive power in the manufacturing industries of the country is indicated by the increase in the quantity of horsepower used. As shown in Table cxlix, the largest increase, 4,454,970 horsepower, or 74.8 per cent, occurred during the decade ending with 1900. For the period of about four and a half years, which intervened between the censuses of 1900 and 1905, the absolute increase was almost as large, amounting to 4,231,919 horsepower, although the rate was only 40.7 per cent. The horse- power reported for the latter census is over six times greater than that reported for the census of 1870. Table cl shows the percentage which each class 'of power formed of the total reported at each census from 1870 to 1905. Table CL. — Percentage each class of power is of total horsepower: 1870 to 1905. POWER. 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 Total lOU.O loao 100.0 100.0 100.0 73.9 11.3 2.0 10.9 1.9 78.2 14.0 1.3 4.7 1.8 76.9 21.1 0.1 2 0.3 2 1.6 64 1 35.9 (1) (■) (') 51.8 48 2 fl] (') 1 Not reported. " Rented electric power included with "all other." While large increases are shown for all classes of power, steam continues to be the primary power of greatest importance, constituting 73.9 per cent of the total horsepower at the census of 1905. Next to steam, water was the most important class of power, forming 11.3 per cent of the total horsepower. The statistics, however, do not show the true importance of waterpower, because an increasing quantity is elec- trically transmitted and is reported as electric power by the manufacturing establishments in which it is used, and to a certain extent the same is true of steam- power. For numerous large central electric stations that supply electric power to establishments included in the census of manufactures water is the primary power. The decrease in the relative importance of steam and water power is due primarily to the increase in electric power. This class of power was first reported sepa- rately at the census of 1890, when the total amounted to 15,569 horsepower; including the rented electric power, the total had increased to 1,592,483 horse- power at the census of 1905. When electric power is generated by the manufacturer, the horsepower of the motors is a duplication, and allowance should be made for this fact in accepting the statistics. The power reported for gas engines includes that for all internal combustion engines in which the propelling force is the explosion of gaseous or vaporous fuel in direct contact with a piston within a closed cylinder. Although this class of power has increased very rap- idly since 1890, when it first appeared in Census sta- tistics, it is still of comparatively minor importance. The amount — 283,467 — of horsepower classed as "other power" and "all other horsepower rented" includes compressed air engines and other forms of power; also some rented steampower, which it is im- possible to segregate. Table cli shows the average horsepower per estab- lishment for all industries and for 11 of the principal power using industries, as computed from the reports for the censuses from 1880 to 1905, inclusive. Table CLI. — Average horsepower per establishment in selected industries: 1880 to 1905. All industries. Agricultural implements Boots and shoes Cotton goods ' Flour and grist mill. products. Hosiery and knit goods Iron and steel Lumber and timber products. Paper and wood pulp Silk and silk goods Woolen goods Worsted goods All other industries 190.1 1900 1890 108. 8 78. 59. 1 181. 56. 904. 77. S3. 4, 522. 82. 1,475. 129. 208. 580. 129.7 39.4 781.6 70.9 69.8 1, 508. 3 60.0 ,002.4 129.3 136.4 526.4 49.2 66.3 22.5 527.1 41.0 58.9 , 156. 3 49.6 471.1 77.2 99.2 410.9 42.7 1880 39.7 34.9 15.6 288.2 31.8 51.2 508.6 32.0 179.1 44.7 53.7 216.3 28.3 1 Includes cotton small wares. The statistics of power for industries are given in full in Tables 13 and 14. The averages in Table cli are based on the number of establishments reporting the use of power, and the ccxxu MANUFACTURES. conditions attending the enumeration of such estab- lishments previously explained should be considered in this connection. It is probable that in computing the average of horsepower per establishment for. 1900 some establishments that did not use power were included in the divisor, and the average is somewhat smaller than it should be for an exact comparison with that for 1905. The increase of 30.8 horsepower per establishment is rather larger than the actual increase. The average amount of horsepower per establishment for the majority of the important industries has increased largely since 1900. The largest average and the greatest increase are shown for the manufacture of iron and steel, which includes the blast furnaces and the rolling mills and steel works. The statistics for power for the manufactures in each state and territory, as reported at each census from 1870 to 1905, inclusive, are given in Table clii. Table CLII.— AMOUNT OF EACH KIND OF POWER, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1870 TO 1905. [For 1900 the number of establishments reporting power, and the horsepower, include the hand trades and neighborhood industries, except custom gristmills, custom sawmills, and cotton ginning. Prior to 1900 the total number of establishments, the number reporting power, and the horsepower include all hand trades and neighborhood industries.] I Cen- sus. NtTMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. Total horse- power. OWNED. RENTED. STATE OE TEEBITORY. Total. Report- ing power. Engines. Water wheels, i ■ Electric motors. other power, horse- power. Electric, horse- power. Other kind, horse- power. Steam. Gasandgasoline. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. United States.... 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 n880 '1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 •1905 '1900 "1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 216,262 207,562 355,415 253, 852 252,148 134,544 133,456 100,735 85,923 m 14,641,544 10, 409, 625 5,954,655 3, 410, 837 2,346,142 127,425 130,754 91, 410 56,483 (») 10,828,111 8,140,533 4,581,595 2, 185, 458 1,215,711 21,525 14,334 289,614 134,742 8,930 20,996 23, 104 39,008 55,404 (') 1,647,969 1,454,229 1,255,206 1,226,379 1,130,431 73,120 16,902 1,150,891 310, 661 16,669 92, 154 49,985 4,784 441, 592 182,502 191,313 136,913 88,571 1,882 2,000 2,977 2,070 2,188 82 48 10 1,383 1,415 1,634 1,257 m 63 38 9 301,851 176,270 102,333 27, 576 ; 18,751 2,951 1,368 461 2,129 1,828 1,373 561 m 158 44 280, 470 162,453 91,583 15,779 7,740 2,763 954 290 77 38 472 376 14 73 . 150 764 931 (=) 4 6 3 9,618 9,421 10,382 11,797 11,011 89 117 161 296 69 8,666 3,062 51 1,183 237 20 1,448 359 94 362 283 Alaska 10 91 1 11 5 287 3 169 154 76 66 18 1,907 1,746 2,073 1,202 1,079 6,839 4,997 7,923 5,885 3,984 1,606 1,323 1,518 599 256 3,477 3,382 6,822 4,488 5,128 94 89 21 21 (=) 1,440 1,325 1,140 729 m 4,206 3,064 1,614 1,000 (=) 882 779 399 181 « 2,414 2,702 2,185 2,028 (') 26,068 9,033 826 530 90 111,216 79, 839 38,344 15. 733 7,646 220,571 133,091 73,324 32,921 25, 370 136,872 44,143 32. 734 5,802 2,225 330,560 266,041 163,233 118,232 80, 374 148 131 16 14 P) 1,781 1,584 1,172 545 m 2,408 2,158 1,481 779 873 783 467 162 m 2,331 2,696 1,794 1,124 18,828 7,653 457 370 80 107,699 78,016 36, 365 13,709 6,101 153, 178 106,190 64, 864 28,071 18, 493 117,639 39,400 30,641 3,953 1,433 218, 668 177,819 96, 178 57,027 25,979 28 19 1,392 371 8 8 8 8 (») 16 26 119 149 « 216 171 190 205 (') 108 56 47 52 m 950 1,101 1,365 1,784 (=) 267 400 329 160 10 584 734 1,778 2,024 1,546 7,260 4,680 5,091 4,850 6,877 2,094 1,493 1,723 1,849 792 66,808 67,211 63,417 61,206 64,395 120 30 4,656 496 510 75 166 38 40 114 39 * 482 326 7 88 17 1,707 279 31 159 228 3 484 201 101 55 160 689 546 (*) 6,292 3.244 361 658 281 10,212 6,138 393 1,744 1,609 22 39,363 9,624 2,522 2,606 2,593 Colorado 78 81 (■) 317 619 36 650 40 11,965 709 68 1,121 483 3,766 1,187 71 352 276 Connecticut . . 254 171 3,393 1,608 216 1,621 442 26,346 8,710 205 1,055 451 120 8,233 4,215 6,047 5,027 3,098 Dakota 251 17 631 633 1,003 746 800 482 491 2,295 971 952 79 C») 477 496 311 317 (') 258 323 197 116 2,224 324 64,162 41,399 26, 616 16,428 8,633 13,367 10,603 11, 444 3,143 1,889 55 (=) 598 646 393 254 - (') 180 241 246 118 (») 1,421 248 42,031 32,898 21,556 10,643 4,313 10,613 8,630 10,422 2,263 789 36 m 146 129 163 232 m 6 5 9 16 m 803 76 6,280 5,399 4,671 4,785 4,220 710 369 810 880 1,100 ■ '; 41 35 412 316 80 333 137 4,672 1,265 104 511 "i" 1,092 605 164 917 104 District of Columbia. . . 42 52 311 338 91 82 29 766 248 70 54 147 996 100 8 671 51 • Includes water motors in 1905. ' Not reported separately. " Not reported. ' See North Dakota and South Dakota. POWER EMPLOYED IN MANUFACTURES. ccxxm Table CLII.— AMOUNT OF EACH KIND OF POWER, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1870 TO 1905— Continued. [For 1900 the number of establishments reporting power, and the horsepower, include the hand trades and neighborhood industries, except custom gristmilla, custom sawmills, and cotton ginning. Prior to 1900 the total number of establishments, the number reporting power, and the horsepower include all hand trades and neighborhood industries.] Cen- sus. NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. Total horse- power. OWNED. RENTED. STATE OB TERRITORY. 1 Total. Report- ; ing power. Eng nes. Water wheels. ' Electric motors. Other power, horse- power. Electric, horse- power. Other kind, horse- power. Steam. Gasandgasoiine. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. 1906 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 '1880 31870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1,880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 190O 1890 1880 1870 1905 lopo 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1,413 1,276 805 426 659 3,219 3,015 4,285 3,593 3,836 364 287 140 162 101 14,921 14,374 20,482 14,549 12,697 466 179 20 508 644 31.8 244 (■•) 2,129 1,960 2,002 2.074 m 229 182 64 67 (») 8,429 8,263 4,913 3,722 (») ,241 111 11 45, 373 36, 496 16,058 7,147 3,700 229.511 137,529 84,221 61, 169 38,243 18,152 5,649 ■ 2,001 1,682 606 864,842 596, 111 286,666 144,288 86, 044 12,628 6,253 424 702 848 460 193 2,619 2,187 1,665 799 P) 212 141 33 22 m 6,201 6,787 4,967 3,445 (1) 187 100 13 41,975 35,044 15,479 6,208 3,172 183,369 110,972 55,082 21,102 10,826 15,145 4,010 972 546 311 661, 678 507,471 261,865 126,843 73,091 12, 104 6,053 349 59 34 320 173 63 10 11 45 70 202 249 1,121 1,917 29 57 32 48 240 263 446 751 (=) 4 6 2 118 116 496 939 528 28, 304 22,729 28,380 30,067 27,417 1,078 1,605 1,024 1,136 295 15,030 11,614 16,992 17,445 12,953 59 155 75 45 8 1,960 140 3 4 1,000 162 13 118 46 632 365 119 284 46 9,092 1,030 157 352 493 26 6,464 1,668 1,298 272 457 27 6 127 28 71 1,165 637 6 100 (») 2 3 Illinois . . . - 1,447 1,293 12,319 8,758 708 8,285 1,839 123,287 36,764 939 9,109 4,408 409 41,978 12,471 11,541 14,625 6,753 Indian Territory 76 15 283 45 9 47 30 85 20 7,044 7,128 12,354 11,198 11,847 4,785 4,828 7,440 6,921 6,666 2,475 2,299 4,471 2,803 1,477 3,734 3,648 7,745 5,328 5,390 2,091 1,826 2,613 1,553 2,557 3,145 2,878 5,010 4,481 5,560 3,862 3,886 7,486 6,787 5,812 10,723 10,929 26,923 14,3.52 13, 212 7,446 7,310 12,127 9|455, 4,756 4,096 7,606 3,493 2,270 4,863 5,369 4,292 4,066 (') 3,032 3,999 2,051 1,.546 (0 1,403 1,436 898 578 « 2,561 2,533 1,789 1,767 (■■') 1,430 1,284 554 402 (') 2,249 2,125 2,022 1,918 (.") 2,177 2,074 1,618 1,.532 (') 7,356 8,316 7,207 6,173 5,023 5,343 4,414 3,581 (=>) 3,171 3,066 1,519 964 (') 405,258 331,058 190,898 1.31,770 100,369 121,621 110,273 77,809 54,221 39.547 107,283 70,248 43,053 21,079 8,149 181,441 145,854 82,508 54,929 39,668 256,937 190,850 30,184 11,346 25,066 362, 153 261,319 150,508 100,476 79,573 180,963 135, 493 73,647 61,2.59 32,422 1,001,946 815. 480 617,897 309. 759 184, .356 468,449 376,321 256, 608 164, 747 105,861 226,767 182,656 112,817 53,880 20,139 4,760 5,667 4,523 3,634 C) 2,215 3,017 1,969 1,068 « 1,098 1,301 847 396 « 2,842 2,839 1,890 1,494 {') 2,622 2,887 684 430 1,720 1,633 966 611 « 2,121 2,153 1,287 914 (') 5,855 6,439 5,084 3,096 C) 4,978 5,220 4,475 3,086 (=) 2,378 2,473 1,448 669 (=) 336,932 296,926 172, ,506 109,960 76, 851 100,418 91,182 64,697 33,858 25,298 83,039 55,318 34,806 13, 468 6,360 162,829 136,122 75,513 45,917 31,928 245,745 187,492 29,439 11,266 24,924 126,818 89,257 42,796 20,759 9,465 142,096 115,590 56,545 33,216 13,961 690,467 576,525 340,774 171,397 78,502 376,090 318,835 214, 748 130, 352 70,960 167,103 146,678 83,548 25, 191 7,085 1,134 804 21,171 12,295 176 247 323 698 1,143 (=) 238 278 622 1,093 O 137 190 216 299 P) 170 178 337 663 (') 7 11 6 13 (') 1,782 1,876 2,396 2,887 (') 271 323 683 1,004 1,940 2,089 2,622 3,046 (') 684 730 1.218 1,746 (') 258 260 362 660 C) -9,686 11,964 16,181 21,810 23,518 6,631 7,316 12, 618 20,363 14, 249 6,544 7,521 7,617 7,611 1,789 4,603 4,247 6,271 9,012 7,640 266 313 66 90 142 203,094 158, 788 104,602 79,717 70, 108 10, 777 10,415 15,633 18,043 18, 461 183,427 181,907 168,932 138,362 105,864 39,342 36,529 38,986 34,395 34,895 38,245 24,9.32 27,300 28,689 13,054 1,779 378 24,600 5,139 323 1,921 290 34 9,082 2,764 1,967 1,680 1,678 922 921 4,486 4,524 70 271 211 3,566 3,609 194 1,000 388 40 6,107 2,613 523 642 190 Kansas 510 347 6,923 2,530 77 379 105 (2) 7.842 2,006 110 95 1,090 220 2,484 1,420 356 163 223 249 135 1,938 1,096 223 514 114 6,816 1,693 100 890 266 77 3,874 1,722 491 718 324 136 69 961 462 213 135 61 3,974 668 454 2,140 322 6 2,778 1,401 73 192 7 jfaine 246 106 3,063 2,178 10 264 97 18,526 2,087 191 470 220 39 8,061 7,672 2,121 1,217 2,870 398 332 4,377 3,139 175 802 220 15,. 514 3,441 212 3,531 625 3 3,309 733 1,359 1,650 979 654 468 7,487 4,074 289 3,697 823 03,939 19, 419 2,327 3,988 1,561 268 27,073 13,409 25,565 18,685 15, 307 954 686 (') 10,634 5,603 237 1,826 288 27,559 7,824 577 108 1,145 77 12,411 4,264 2,405 2,121 1,983 629 621 4,710 3,624 126 635 132 6,8.33 2,531 280 1,012 248 82 8,694 3,769 1,270 973 1,481 I Includes water motors in 1906. MFG — PT 1 — 07 XV 2 Not reported separately. 3 Not reported. CCXXIV MANUFACTURES. Table CLII.— AMOUNT OF EACH KIND OF POWER, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1870 TO 1905— Continued. [For 1900 the number of establishments reporting power, and the horsepower, include the hand trades and neighborhood industries, except custom gristmills, custom sawmills, and cotton ginning. Prior to 1900 the total number of establishments, the number reporting power, and the horsepower include all hand trades and neighborhood industries. ] Cen- sus. NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. Total horse- power. OWNED 1 RENTED. STATE OR TERRITORY. Total. Report- ing power. Eng nes. ■Water wheels. ' Electric motors. Num- Horse- ber. power. Other I power, horse- power. Electric horse- power. Other kind, horse- / power. Steam. Gasandgasoline. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1906 1900 1890 1880 1870 1906 1900 1890 1880 1870 1906 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 <1880 n870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1906 1900 1890 31880 •'1870 1906 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1,520 1,294 1,698 1,479 1,731 6,464 6,853 14,052 8,592 11,871 382 396 289 196 201 1,819 1,695 3,014 1,403 670 115 99 95 184 330 1,618 1,771 3,229 3,181 3,342 7,010 6,415 9,226 7,128 6,636 199 174 127 144 182 37,194 36,957 65,840 42, 739 36,206 3,272 3,465 3,667 3,802 3,642 507 337 382 1,157 883 985 893 (") 3,843 3,906 3,032 2,428 « 215 262 94 63 (=) 984 1,136 626 262 63 63 20 26 « 1,244 1,494 1,361 1,653 (») 4,271 4,176 2,734 2,226 103 88 66 78 18,410 18,289 13,395 11,776 (') 2,660 2,510 2,078 2,323 W 287 265 98 111,197 65,946 35,331 18, 450 12,472 271,567 196,218 145, 185 80,749 55,062 60,817 45,667 2,848 1,498 1,617 .52,134 43,3.57 23, 479 8,494 3,311 2,834 1,.561 372 716 8,545 225,632 202,442 116,830 87, 750 77,078 494,972 334,234 180, 529 99,858 68, 139 6,978 3,668 1,825 1,359 911 1,643,419 1,129,761 776,820 464, 143 334,363 219,752 156, 306 73,346 46,088 33,162 10,069 7,395 3,589 1,475 1,102 926 636 (.') 3,257 3,676 3,368 2,128 (') 203 421 72 31 516 813 514 126 C) 28 35 17 23 ffi 1,032 1,037 729 456 (') 4,876 4,794 3,073 1,619 P) 74 86 46 19 (^) 12,215 13,346 10,372 6,672 (») 2,951 2,606 1,298 616 P) 147 128 87 109,418 64,731 32, 345 15,001 10,019 221,216 173,271 137,696 72,587 48, 418 32,356 32,008 2,105 544 822 34,012 31,048 17,021 2,999 1,865 1,092 628 318 608 6,007 102, 439 89,905 46,888 18,595 8,787 386,770 281,306 1.58,718 72, 792 32, 307 6,097 3,283 1,492 427 252 830, 497 659,702 513, 660 234,795 126, 107 183,166 122,778 41,171 16,025 6,941 8,619 6,930 2,985 53 17 220 144 8 8 18 252 301 168 144 313 537 .55 40 23 39 160 166 196 245 (*) 13 21 2 6 (0 1,033 1,162 1,437 2,122 (') 537 524 639 1,213 12 9 IS 69 (') 3,889 4,409 6,439 9,752 (») 449 589 1,903 2,370 m 7 16 16 77 361 2,746 3,449 2,453 3,727 3,113 4,7.55 8,162 6,644 10,315 9,717 666 964 795 7,221 7,513 6,123 5,495 1,446 782 893 6 108 2,538 100,274 105,711 68,842 69, 156 68,291 18,197 20, 161 17,, 543 27,066 25,832 149 153 323 932 669 446,134 335, 411 231,959 219, 348 208,256 28,382 29,241 31,812 30,063 26,211 322 506 540 50 15 859 208 3 90 i?' 608 382 '25 120 212 658 432 (") 4,960 3,279 457 2,382 597 (') 23,706 7,101 618 2,664 531 163 13.966 5', 624 1,330 3,299 1,597 j. . » 19 19 74 85 17 100 78 4,081 1,988 43 85 610 3,898 1,196 8 63 17 Nebraska .... 334 368 (2) 2,035 1,919 58 300 90 6,762 1,532 49 •613 128 49 2,364 866 127 351 179 Nevada 16 9 125 39 48 5,50 1 1 New Hampshire 72 52 1,395 571 3 161 66 7,288 1,467 42 491 362 100 6,013 2,004 8,732 2,422 955 677 420 C) 9,070 3,284 136 4.673 804 68, 698 11,731 487 3,325 7,650 84 10, 603 4,126 8,309 5,976 3,562 ■■ New Mexico 23 11 « 114 64 1 30 320 160 203 8 66 2,928 1,944 44,288 16,221 1,990 8,422 2,323 126,827 29, 830 2,447 4,778 6,068 1,141 96, 284 47,768 76,611 34,771 25,723 North Carolina . 104 67 2,102 388 42 196 70 3,130 1,839 44 47 550 189 2,423 894 502 616 87 North Dakota 136 127 645 759 12 14 6 (2) 196 44 2 2 23 281 127 27 27 ■ Ohio 13,785 13,868 28,673 20,699 22,773 657 316 72 9,318 8,460 7,216 6,684 P) 316 136 11 1,238,240 817,054 418,783 261,143 174,323 17,293 6,331 161 9,063 9, '89 7, •'03 6,215 (') 184 112 11 1,028,666 732,006 382,301 222, 602 129, 677 15, 593 6,098 161 2,004 1,203 35, 101 14,230 1,183 631 566 1,134 2,080 1 1 18, 149 17,848 27,342 38,641 44,746 60 1 8,668 1,721 121,308 33,389 1,706 6,115 2,967 372 23, 159 8,768 5,743 7,846 5,880 Oklalioma 138 33 706 155 34 3 266 12 26 512 140 65 1 Oregon 1,602 1,406 1,523 1,080 969 23, 495 23, 462 39,3.39 31,232 37,200 1,091 978 664 443 « 14,6.30 16,092 12,091 10,381 C) 81 844 60,452 32,545 ' 13, 589 8,277 2,613,494 1,802,078 986,789 .512, 408 363,918 1,008 883 590 176 P) 19,4^'8 19,911 13,751 7,913 (?) 65,612 37,986 22, 430 4,334 2,471 2,088,773 1,68^', 706 894,007 402, 132 221,936 68 36 371 195 2 1 252 265, 276 i 373 m 1,987 2,115 4,671 7,075 20,660 19, 263 9,280 9,255 5,806 50,620 54,601 82, 462 110,276 141,982 31 27 496 447 37 1 '306" 4,727 2.243 78 318 490 1 ' Pennsylvania 2,890 1,620 (') .....v. 68,209 26, 246 919 19,800 4,547 311,096 85,384 2,162 35,729 9,932 312 35,701 22,362 23,366 15,847 6,927 ■ Includes water motors in 1905. ' Not reported separately. ' Not reported. ' See Dakota. POWER EMPLOYED IN MANUFACTURES. ccxxv Table OLII.— AMOUNT OF 1':A('H KIND OF POWI'^R, BY STATES AND TliRRITORIES: 1870 TO 1905— Continued. [For 1900 the number of establishments reporting power, and the horsepower, include the hand trades and neighborhood industries, pxcept custom gristmills, custom sawmills, and cotton ginning. Prior to 1900 the total number of establishments, the number reporting power, and the horsepower include all hand trades and neighborhood industries.) Cen- sus. 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1 1870 1 1905 1900 1890 11880 n870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1906 1900 1890 1880 1870 1906 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1905 1900 1890 1880 1870 1 NUMBEE OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. ■ Total horse- power. OWNED EEN Electric, horse- power. lED. STATE OR TERRITORY. Total. 1 Report- ing power. Engines. Water wheels. ' Electric motors. Other power, horse- power. 760 2,695 61 Other kind, horse- power. Steam. Gas and gasoline. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Niun- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Rhode Island 1,617 1,67S 3,377 2,205 1,850 1,399 1,369 2, 382 2.078 1,5S4 686 624 499 1,146 1,360 926 608 (3) 1,076 973 1,149 1,259 (=) 414 476 183 190,679 156, 545 112,949 63, 676 42,027 221,190 118,573 45,681 25,868 14,932 11,312 11,909 5,556 1,087 1,170 852 476 m 1,399 1,174 864 509 (") 214 308 147 140,322 115,735 83,477 41,336 23,546 167,432 80,913 29,043 11,995 4,537 8,483 9,256 4,456 63 43 (')■ 1,247 427 18 305 332 344 386 (■■') 124 130 611 1,057 (=) 36 41 48 29, 231 28, 171 27,197 22, 240 18, 481 31,097 27,586 16,399 13,873 10,396 1,069 1,099 1,052 667 162 (') 9,662 1,926 295 6,815 2,969 3,642 3,722 1,911 South Carolina 55 29 (') 239 323 268 124 (') 23,711 6,876 8 180 370 60 8,451 185 80 3,320 74 186 168 C) 1,397 1,270 32 23 7 (') 168 134 3 14 38 12 181 100 10 12 3,175 3,116 4,569 4,326 5,317 3,158 3,107 5,268 2,996 2,399 606 675 631 640 633 1,699 1,938 3,031 2,874 3,270 3,187 3,186 5,915 6,710 5,933 2,751 1,926 1,543 261 269 2,109 1,824 2,376 2,375 2,444 8,558 7,841 10, 417 7,674 7,013 169 139 190 57 32 2,476 2,416 2,243 2,108 (') 1,915 1,765 1,983 1,334 P) 375 375 178 243 1,469 1,714 1,552 1,582 w 2,425 2,425 2,602 2,768 (') 1,817 1,200 678 70 (?) 1,655 1,434 1,199 1,190 (0 6,084 4,697 2,618 2,154 (») 93 80 41 10 180, 136 131,141 84, 379 51,952 37,981 170,622 116,984 68,530 30,534 13,044 20,728 13,915 5,128 4,689 2,500 143,304 126,853 98, 654 63,314 61,322 185, 282 141,491 82, 448 57,174 49,612 171,982 88,176 42,642 4,395 2,823 143,001 92,321 66, 457 37,910 27, 331 480,664 376,091 178,668 106,086 64,223 3,690 3,900 1,829 766 344 2,766 2,449 1,577 967 (=) 1,973 1,839 2,066 1,167 (') 259 273 106 55 996 1,017 600 272 (») 2,621 2,358 1,341 899 (') 2,038 1,441 644 61 « 1,864 1,649 1,043 816 (?) 4,626 4,679 2,406 1,366 (') 69 69 52 18 P) 161,919 116,715 68,637 33,388 18,467 16.6,312 110,943 65,391 28,026 11,214 12,162 7,606 2,530 1,164 331 56,833 44,190 23,639 11,088 6,426 143,917 109,392 45, 406 19,710 8,410 150,312 77,749 37, 669 3,210 1,411 124,212 84,234 44,680 28, 456 17, 136 303,874 262,642 120,697 60,729 30,509 2,712 3,184 1,608 717 310 128 68 1,084 693 64 321 401 1,162 1,382 , (.') 32 29 121 174 m 95 112 101 214 m 1,120 1,227 1,810 2,138 C) 574 668 1,915 2,399 (') 147 156 111 46 (') 160 156 565 670 (») 1,231 1,309 1,628 2,022 (■n 16 14 9 2 9,996 11,078 15,461 18, 564 19,514 2,277 1,657 2,633 2,508 1,830 3,262 3,366 2,492 3,636 2,169 76,237 77,421 74,041 52,226 44,897 25,946 23,550 36,654 37,464 41,202 4,642 6,863 4,861 1,185 1,412 6,404 5,425 10,542 9,464 10, 196 112,665 93,122 66,744 45, 366 33,714 382 534 216 38 34 186 46 4,356 823 106 125 38 14 2,230 1,370 427 624 217 403 199 (') 1,876 968 157 410 64 (') 5,885 827 166 699 27 69 4,414 2,390 59 272 124 Utah 11 7 (') 69 89 10 60 34 C) 1,331 1,241 64 983 10 2,941 1,588 15 32 101 77 (') 1,483 1,120 10 110 24 2,688 729 34 192 266 86 4,560 1,444 1,321 1,684 844 131 79 (') 1,716 748 78 454 114 8,284 4,795 105 635 1,216 12 4,403 822 382 969 193 Washington 72 31 (') 493 189 3 274 36 (2) 3,640 576 63 486 72 50 11,660 2,662 759 176 16 312 90 C) 6,669 1,046 33 311 20 4,423 427 5 623 905 122 776 27 94 258 75 1,037 529 (') 11,356 4,368 274 2,969 561 ■ (') 40,320 10,711 296 1,916 420 109 8,668 2,426 1,866 1,412 649 24 14 88 42 11 8 86 SO 5 376 63 46 7 ' 1 J Includes water motors in 1905. 2 Not reported separately. 3 Not reported. * See Dakota. CCXXVl MANUFACTURES. Pennsylvania led in total horsepower in 1905 with 2,613,494, an increase of 45 per cent over 1900; New York was second with 1,643,419, an increase of 45.5 per cent; Ohio was third with 1,238,240, an increase of 51.5 per cent; Massachusetts was fourth with 1,001,946, an increase of 22.9 per cent; and Illinois was fifth with 864,842, an increase of 45.1 per cent. These are the positions held by these states at each of the censuses shown, except that Massachusetts had third instead of fourth place prior to the census of 1900, and Michigan held fifth place prior to 1890. The motive power employed in the manufacturing industries, which are covered by the census, forms but a small proportion of the horsepower used in all the industries of the country. A large and increasing quantity of power is used in the operation of mines and quarries, of steam and electric railways and steam vessels, in the production of electric cur- rent for light and power, in the operation of elevators and hoisting and grading apparatus,.and by stationary engines used for a multitude of purposes, not included in Census reports. The total quantity of power used in these various industries has never been ascer- tained and there is no authoritative information from which an estimate can be made. Table CLiri gives the total horsepower for some of the iudustries in which power is used extensively. Some of the figures contain elements of estimate and the totals should not be accepted as showing the exact amount of horsepower used; they, however, convey an idea of the vast importance of the mechanical power used in the industrial operations of the country. Table CLIII. — Motive power in the United States. Total Manufactures, census 1905 Idle manufacturing establishments, census 1905 Mines and quarries, census 1902 Street railways, census 1902 ; Electric light and power stations, census 1902 Telephones, telegraphs, and fire alarm systems, census 1902 - Custom flour and grist, and custom saw miUs, and industries entirely omitted from the census of 1905 but enumerated at the census of 1900 Naval vessels, January 1, 1905 Documented steam merchant vessels, June 30, 1905 Steam railroad locomotives, June 30, 1904 Horse- power. 63, 686, 878 1 14,641,544 1 344, 671 12,998,056 2 1,369,435 2 1,845,048 23,148 11,047,681 3 777,598 ■12,608,270 6 28,061,527 1 Includes duplication caused by combination of primary power and electric motors. 2 Horsepower of engines only. Does not include horsepower of dynamos or motors. 3 Compiled from Annual NavalRegister, Bureau of Navigation, United States Navy. < Compiled from list of merchant vessels of the United States, thirty-seventh annual report. Bureau of Navigation, department of Commerce and Labor. The total is incomplete in that it represents only the horsepower, when reported, of documented vessels. 6 Reported by Interstate Commerce Commission in seventeenth annual report on statistics of railways as 1,062,307,261 tractive pounds for 46,146 locomotives. Reduced to estimated horsepower by multiplying by 10 and dividing by 375. CHAPTER XI. MANUFACTURES IN GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS. The Federal, and many state, county, and city governments are engaged to some extent in manu- facturing operations, primaril}' for the purpose of supplying various needs of the different governments. Some of these enterprises assume large proportions, as in the construction and repair of vessels for the United States Navy, the manufacture of ammunition and clothing for the Army, and the operations of the GoverniiTent Printing Office and the Bureau of Engrav- ing and Printing. But the majority of them are con- nected with the educational, eleemosynary, and penal institutions of state and city governments and pro- duce articles solely for consumption in such institu- tions. A canvass of these industries was made at the Twelfth Census, and reports were secured from 138 governmental institutions and 383 enterprises conducted by educational, eleemosynary, and penal institutions. These establishments had not, as a rule, been included in previous censuses, and at the Twelfth Census theii statistics were presented separately from those for establishments conducted under private ownership. All enterprises of this character are conducted under qonditions entirely different from those controlling establishments operated by private capital. They are not conducted for the purpose of profit. The opei-- atives in many of them are inmates of the institution in connection with which the factory is operated, and are given employment as a feature of discipline. Such enterprises can not be considered as coming within the scope of a factory census, and no effort was made to secure returns for them at the census of 1905 other than for some of the most important establish- ments controlled by the Federal Government. The operations of these assume such large proportions and give employment to so many persons in the District of Columbia that it was necessary to include some uxformation concerning them in the report on the man- ufactures of the District. For the same reason the special report on shipbuilding contains statistics for the construction and repair of vessels by the United States, which form a very important feature of the shipbuilding industry. In all, reports were secured for 35 manufacturing enterprises conducted hj the United States. The statistics for these are summar- ized in Table cliv which, although not presenting all of the manufacturing enterprises operated by the Federal Government, covers the most important and illustrates the variety of products manufactured. Table CLIV. — Governmental eslablishments: 1905. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Total. Ammunition Bookbinding and blanlc bookmaldng Clothing, men's Engraving, steel, includ- ing plate printing Explosives Firearms Foundry and machine shop products Instruments, profes- sional and scientific Leather goods Ordnance and ordnance stores Printing and publishing, boolc and job I Shipbuilding, iron and steel S16, 127,015 COST OF MATERIALS USED. Total. Principal materials, including mill sup- plies and freight. 881,325 869 1,204,149 621,372 384,777 218,581 8,739 599 64, 169 5,064,2.50 1,256,264 6,7.31,931 Fuel and rent of power and heat. $15, 724, 227 $702. 78.S Value of products, including repair work. 866, 15,'; 842 1.204,149 . 586, 643 347, 174 183, 855 6,906 ' 560 .V2, 461 1 4, 864, 002 1,232,177 6. 379, 403 15,170 27 34, 829 37,603 34.726 1,833 39 1.698 200, 248 24,087 352,528 842.742,997 1.742,583 10, 520 1.8)2.252 3, 499, 517 574, 832 1.461.020 41,954 1,679 236, 190 10,053,861 6, 003, 120 17, 265, 469 (ccxxvii) OHAPTEE XII. THE LOCALIZATION OF INDUSTEIES.' The subject of the localization or concentration of certain manufacturing industries in particular locali- ties was treated at some length in the Twelfth Census Report on Manufactures.^ Since this phase of the in- dustrial organization of the United States possesses a continued and peculiar economic interest, the dis- cussion is continued here along the same lines, with as little repetition as possible. Tabular statements are presented for the purpose of indicating the present extent of industrial concentration and showing whether, according to the statistics of the census of 1905, the conditions noted in 1900 have continued, and whether this tendency to localization has become more or less pronounced in the industries in which it appeared at that time. Other industries than those discussed at the Twelfth Census, are shown by the statistics to display a tendency to locate in par- ticular places where the conditions necessary to their growth and success are favorable. Probably there are in other industries, also, decided examples of locali- zation and specialization that are not disclosed in the general tables and consequently are not mentioned here. The distribution, by states, of all industries which are shown separately is presented in Table 5, pages 74 to 465 of this volume. In this section, in connection with the discussion of each selected industry, tables are presented showing the localization of industries, by states and cities, and also the specialization of states and cities in the industries. It will be noted that, as a rule, the tables showing localization include the statistics for three censuses — 1890, 1900, and 1905— the figures for all periods 1 This chapter was prepared by Joseph D. Lewis, chief of di-vdsion. ^Twelfth Census, Manufactures, Part I, "The Localization of Industries," pages cxc ff. 'being comparable, while the tables showing special- ization are for 1905 and 1900 only, for the reason that the statistics for the value of products for all industries are included in these tables, and these statistics for 1890 have not been reduced to a factory census basis and consequently are not comparable with the figures for 1900 and 1905. With certain exceptions, the tables for cities show only cities of 20,000 population or over in 1900; when cities of less population are included, a footnote to the table indicates the fact. It should be explained, that the tables for cities do not include every city of a population of at least 20,000 m which the industry appears, but only those in which the industry is localized or specialized to an unusual degree. Occasionally the totals of a city for a certain in- dustry represent only partially the industry in the locality, and in such cases the statistics for estab- lishments situated outside the urban limits should be included in the table to show fitll}^ the extent of the centralization; this, however, is impracticable. The geographic distribution of industries has little or no significance in connection with localization. What might be termed the gregarious tendency of industries is but little influenced by artificial geo- graphic boundaries or state lines, nor has it any par- ticular reference to city limits. The centralization of industries in localities is governed almost entirely by other considerations. However, the manner in which the statistics have been compiled makes a presenta- tion by cities or states the only one practicable. Agricultural implements. — Tables clv to clviii show the localization of the manufacture of agricul- tural implements by states and cities and the special- ization of states and cities in the mdustrv. Table C'T>V.— A(;R[('ULTURAL IMPLEMENTS— LOCALIZATION BY STATES: 1905, 1900, AND 1890. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PER CENT OF TOTAL. United states. Xllinols New York Ohio Wisconsin Michigan Indiana Pennsylvania. . . All other states. 1 «().-, 1900 1890 S112,007,344 S101,207,428 S81,271,651 38,412,452 13,045,891 12,891,197 10,076,760 8,719,719 8,060,575 5,016,679 15,784,071 42,0.33,796 10,537,264 13,975,268 7,886,363 6,339,608 0,415,081 3,198,471 10,821,687 24,tW,660 ll,(iS0,8'i2 14,333,268 5,015,612 3,9.M,30C .1,7.56,131 2,(i82,71X 13,2:W,224 190.5 1900 1890 100.0 100.0 100.0 34.3 11.6 11.5 9.0 7.8 7.2 4.5 14.1 41.5 10.4 13.8 7.8 6.3 6.3 3.2 10.7 30.3 14.4 17.6 6.2 4.8 7.1 3.3 16.3 (cc.xxviii) LOCALIZATION OF INDUSTRIES. CCXXIX Table CLVI.— AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS— LOCALIZATION liY CITIES: 1905, 1900, AND 1890. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.] VALUE OF PRODUCTS. United States. Chicago. Ill Moline, lU. 2 Racine, "Wis Springfield, Ohio. Auburn, N. Y South Bend, Ind. Peoria, lU. Richmond, Ind. 2 Louisville, Ky All other cities and outside of cities. 1905 8112,007, .■544 8,347,014 5,177,079 4,061,167 2,890,301 2,744,001 2,309,962 2,163,161 0) 84,334,669 1900 $101,207,428 24,848,649 (') 3,001,009 5,272,636 2,338,191 2,432,083 2,372,329 (') 1,227,288 59,716,243 1890 SSI, 271, 661 3,976 9,613 11,883 0) 1,979 5,221 3,615 2,423 619 0) 1,053 54,676 572 ,442 611 399 ,030 TEE CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 1900 1890 100.0 100.0 ' 100.0 24.6 14.6 7.5 4.6 3.6 2.6 2.4 2.1 1.9 75.3 3.0 5.2 2.3 2.4 2.3 1.2 59.0 1 Included in "all other cities and outside of cities" to avoid disclosing individual operations. 2 Less than 20,000 population in 1900. Table CLVII.—AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS— SPECIALIZATION OF STATES: 1905 AND 1900. 2.4 6.4 4.5 3,0 0.6 1.3 67.2 VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PEE CENT WHICH AGKICULTUEAL STATE. All industries. Agricultural implements. IMPLEMENTS FORMS OF ALL INDUSTEIES. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 Cnited States $14,802,147,087 .511,411,121,122 8112,007,344 .? 101, 207, 428 0.8 0.9 Illinois . - 1,410,342,129 411,139,681 393,964,405 429,120,060 960,811,857 2,488,346,679 1,965,551,332 6,762,882,044 1,120,868,308 326,762,878 337,071,630 .319,691,866 748,670,855 1,871,830,872 1,649,882,380 5,036,362,343 38,412,452 10,076,760 8,060,575 8,719,719 12,891,197 13,045,891 6,016,679 16,784,071 42,033,796 7,886,363 6,415,081 6,339,508 13,975,268 10,537,254 3,198,471 10,821,687 2.7 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.3 0.5 0.3 0.2 3.7 2.4 1.9 2.0 1.9 New York 0.6 0.2 0.2 Table CLVIII.— AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS— SPECIALIZATION OF CITIES: 1905 AND 1900. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.] United States. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. All industries. 814,802,147,087 Moline, Ill.i Richmond, Ind Racine, Wis Springfield, Ohio Auburn, N. Y South Bend, Ind Peoria, 111 Louisville, Ky Chicago, 111 All other cities and outside of cities . 13,158,429 6,731,740 16, 468, 965 13, 654, 423 13, 420, 863 15,321,151 60,920,411 83, 204, 126 955,036,277 1,624,240,703 1900 811,411,121,122 9,302,054 4,753,546 11,676,150 12, 115, 941 9,575,000 12,959,866 44, 669, 371 66, 110, 474 797,879,141 I, 442, 179, 579 Agricultural implements. PER CENT WHICH AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS FORMS OF ALL INDUSTRIES. 8112,007,344 8,347,014 2, 153, 161 5,177,079 4.051,167 2,890,301 2,744,001 2,309,962 (») (=) 84, 334, 659 1900 8101,207,428 1905 1900 (=) 3,001,009 6,272,636 2, 338, 191 2,432,083 2,372,329 1,227,288 24, 848, 649 59,716,243 0.8 63.4 32.0 31.5 29.7 21.5 17.9 3.8 2.5.7 43.5 24.4 18.8 5.3 L9 3.1 0.6 1 Less than 20,000 population in 1900. 2 Not reported separately. 3 Included in "all other cities and outside of cities " to avoid disclosing individual operations. The 4 leading states in this industry in 190,0 and 1905 were Illinois, New York, Ohio, and Wisconsin. The relative rank of the several states shown in Table CLV was the same at the two censuses except for the interchange of rank for Ohio and New York. A no- ticeable feature of the statistics is the reduction ia the value of the products shown for Illinois and Ohio in 1905 as compared with 1900. It should not be assumed in all cases, when such changes occur from one census to another, that the causes are of a permanent character; in this particular instance the reduction is explained by the fact that a large quantity of goods was carried over at the close of 190.3 by the largest company in the industrj^, and this caused a decrease in the production reported at the census of 1905. As explained in the report on this subject at the Twelfth Census,' "the manufacture is forced to es- ' Twelfth Census, Manufactures, Part I, page cxci. ccxxx MANUFACTURES. tablish itself near its chief market on account of the high freight rates charged on its products, occupying, as so many of them do, a large amount of car space. The industry has, therefore, localized near the center of agriculture and especially of the graia producing section of the country, and has moved westward from decade to decade as grain production has gravi- tated in that direction." It was further pointed out that, with the exception of New York, the leading states in the industry are favored by the fact, that they contain or are in close proximity to the largest body of hard wood timber in North America, and are favorably located with reference to their supply of iron. Table clvi shows the localization of the industry by cities. It was found necessary, in order to avoid the disclosure of individual operations, to include the figures for 1905 for Chicago in the total for the group of "all other cities and outside of cities." It is true, however, that in 1905, as in 1900 and 1890, Chicago occupied first place in the industry, although its prod- uct was considerably reduced in value and there was a corresponding reduction in its proportion of the ■ whole. This was brought about by conditions which it is believed were entirely temporary in their char- acter. Prior to this census the statistics for Moline, 111., were not reported separately, although for a long time the city has been especially noted for the manufacture of agricultural implements. This city was second in importance in 1905, with 7.5 per cent of the value of all the agricultural implements manufactured in the United States. Tables clvii and olviii show the value of the agri- cultural implements manufactured in each of the leading states and cities in comparison with the value of products in all industries. There is no notable instance of specialization in the states presented in Table clvii. In Table clviii the figures for Moline, 111., Richmond, Ind., Racine, Wis., Springfield, Ohio, Auburn, N. Y., and South Bend, Ind., present striking examples of specialization in the industry. Artificial feathers and fi,owers. — Table clix shows the localization of the manufacture of artificial flowers, feathers, fruits, etc., in the cities of New York and Philadelphia. Table CLIX. — Artificial feathers and flowers — localization by cities: 1905, 1900, and 1890. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 190D.J VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PEE CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 United states S5, 246, 822 S6, 293, 236 $9,078,683 100.0 100.0 100.0 New Yorlt 3,965,753 721,940 569,129 4,997,194 948,763 347,278 8,020,216 619,486 438,982 76.6 13.8 10.6 79.4 16.1 5.5 88.4 Philadelphia 6.8 All other cities and out- 4.8 This industry displays a more marked localization in a small number of localities than almost any other that can be selected. Nearly the entire production in the United States, 89.4 per cent of the total value of products in 1905, was manufactured in New York and Philadelphia. However, the statistics seem to indi- cate that the industry is gradually becoming more widely distributed, the percentage of the total produc- tion reported outside of New York and Philadelphia showing an increase at each census. Nearness to the market for the finished goods seems to be the principal factor in determining the location of establishments engaged in this industry, and New York is the prin- cipal center, since it is the headquarters of the Ameri- can millinery trade, and also of the theatrical business of the country, which require most of the goods of this class. Another reason for the large preponderance of New York in the manufacture of these products is that the workers in the trade are almost entirelj^ persons of foreign birth or parentage. The foreigners upon their arrival in this country find remunerative employment in this branch of manufacture and naturally locate permanently in New York city, with the result that a great many persons skilled in the various processes of the artistic craft are gathered in the city, and this is an advantage unavailable elsewhere in anything like the same degree. Boots and shoes. — Tables clx to olxiii show the localization of the manufacture of boots and shoes by states and cities, and the specialization of states and cities in the industry. ^ Table CLX.— BOOTS AND SHOES— LOCALIZATION BY STATES: 1905, 1900, AND 1890. United States Massachusetts New Yorli Ohio Missouri New Hampshire. . . Pennsylvania Maine Illinois New Jersey Wisconsin All other states VALUE OF PRODUCTS. 1905 ■5320,107,458 144,291,426 34,137,049 25,140,220 23, 493, 552 22, 426, 700 14,607,867 12,351,293 9,026,238 6,977,300 6,513,563 21,143,260 1900 1258,969,580 1890 •5220,649,358 117, 25, 17, 11, 23, 13; 12, 116,243 116, 586, 631 23 920,854 8 253,202 4 405,558 11 235,933 10 295,847 10 375,842 8 978,043 7 791,684 2 011,743 15 ,387,900 1,661,204 ,489,728 1,841,004 ,986,003 ,354,850 ,335,342 1,756,824 , 256, 409 1,972,233 1,608,861 PEK CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 100. 45.1 10.7 7.8 7.3 7.0 4.6 3.9 2.8 ,2.2 2.0 6.6 100,0 45.2 9.9 6.9 i 4,3 9.0 5.1 4.8 3.6 2.7 1.9 6.6 1S90 100.0 52,8 10.7 3.8 2.2 5.4 4.7 4.7 4.0 3.3 1.3 7.1 LOCALIZATION OF INDUSTRIES. CCXXXl Table CLXI.— BOOTS AND SHOES— LOCALIZATION BY CITIES: 1905, 1900, AND 1890. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.] United States Brockton, Mass Lynn, Mass St. Louis, Mo Haverliili, Mass NewYorli:, N. Y Cincinnati, Otiio Eocliester, N. Y Marlboro, Mass.i Manchester, N. H Cliicago, lU Boston, Mass Columbus, Ohio Philadelphia, Pa Auburn, Me.' Portsmouth, Oiiio i All other cities and outside of cities VALUE OF PKODUCTS. 1905 5320, 107, 458 30,073,014 25,952,571 19,101,166 15,257,899 11, 905, .374 10,590,928 8,620 Oil 6,620,4.55 6,567,903 5, 592, 684 5, 575, 927 5,425,087 6,171,859 4,263,162 4,258,855 155, 124, 563 $258, 969, 580 19,844,397 16,830,733 8,280,156 15,231,440 9, 124, 495 8, 788, 424 6,933,111 3,852,931 4,052,204 5,723,126 3,882,665 3, 505, 126 5,931,045 4, 176. 826 3,043,916 139,762,996 1890 $220,649,368 16,171,624 20, 190, 695 4,250 960 16,137,362 7,796,296 6,024 454 6, 489, 382 C) 7,257,034 1,508,697 359, 000 6,851,834 127,612,030 PEE CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 I 1900 1890 100,0 100.0 9.4 8.1 6.0 4.8 3.7 3.3 2.7 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.3 48.5 7.6 6.6 3.2 6.9 3.5 3.4 2.7 1.5 1.6 2.2 1.5 1.3 2.3 1.6 1.2 54 100.0 7.3 9.2 1.9 7.3 3.6 2.7 3.0 3.3 0.7 0.2 3.1 57.8 1 Lesa than 20,000 population in 1900. - Not reported separately. Table CLXII.— BOOTS AND SHOES— SPECIALIZATION OF STATES: 1905 AND 1900. VALUE OF PKODUCTS. PER CENT WHICH BOOTS AND STATE. ' All industries. Boots and shoes. SHOES FORMS OF ALL INDUSTRIES. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 United States $14,802,147,087 $11,411,121,122 $320, 107, 458 $268,969,580 2.2 2.3 New Hampshire 123,610,904 1,124,092,051 144,020,197 439,548,957 960,811,857 411, 139, 681 , 2,488,346,579^ 774,369,025 1,955,551,332 1,410,342,129 4,970,315,375 107,590,803 907,626,439 112,959,098 316, 304, 095 748,670,856 326,7,52,878 ■ 1,871,830,872 653,006,684 1,649,882,380 1,120,868,308 3, 695, 629, 710 22,425,700 144,291,426 12,351,293 23, 493, 552 26,140,220 6, 513, 563 34,137,049 6,977,300 14,607,867 9,026,238 21,143,260 23, 405, 658 117,115,243 12,295,847 11,253,202 17,920,854 4,791,684 26,685,631 6,978,043 13,236,933 9,375,842 17,011,743 18.1 12.8 8.6 5.3 2.6 1.6 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.4 21.8 12.9 Maine.. . ... 10 9 3.6 Ohio 2 4 1.5 New York 1 4 1.3 Pennsylvania 8 Illinois 8 All other states , 0.6 Table CLXIII.— BOOTS AND SHOES— SPECIALIZATION OF CITIES: 1905 AND 1900. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.] United States Marlboro, Mass. i Brockton, Mass Auburn, Me. ' Haverhill, Mass Portsmouth, Ohio ' Lynn, Mass Manchester, N. H Columl)US, Ohio Rochester, N. Y St. Louis, Mo Cincinnati, Ohio Boston, Mass Philadelphia, Pa NewYork, N. Y Chicago, 111 All other cities and outside of cities VALUE OF PRODUCTS. All industries. 1905 $14,802,147,087 7,468,849 37,790,982 6,407,157 24, 446, 694 7,970,674 56,003,023 30,696,926 40,435,631 82,747,370 267,307,038 166,059,060 184,351,163 591,388,078 526,523,006 955,036,277 818, 616, 369 Boots and shoes. 1905 $11,411,121,122 $320,107,458 4, 24, 6, 23, , 6, 39, 24, 34, 59, 193, 141, 162, 619, 1, 172, 797, 498, 385 855, 362 965 633 418,790 658, 441 347, 493 628, 345 748, 433 668,959 732,788 677,997 764, 523 981,812 870,261 879,141 424, 759 6, 620, 466 30,073,014 4, 263, 162 15,267,899 4,268,855 25,962,671 6,567,903 5,425,087 8,620,011 19,101,166 10,596,928 5,575,927 5,171,859 11, 905, .374 5,592,684 165,124,563 1900 $258,969,580 3,852,931 19,844,397 4, 176, 826 16,231,440 3,043,916 16,830,733 4,052,204 3, 505, 126 6,933,111 8,286,166 8,788,424 3,882,666 5,931,045 9, 124, 495 5, 723, 126 139,762,995 PER CENT WHICH BOOTS AND SHOES FORMS OF ALL INDUSTRIES. 1905 79.6 66.5 62.4 63.4 47.2 21.4 13.4 10.4 7.1 6.4 3.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 1.4 1900 2.3 85.7 79.8 70.0 65.0 45.7 42.8 16.6 10.1 11.6 4.3 6.2 2.4 1.1 0.8 0.7 L7 1 Less than 20,000 population in 1900. As indicated by the statistics in Table clx, the changes that occurred in the locahzation of boot and shoe factories between 1900 and 1905 are comparatively- unimportant as regards the relative proportions of the value of products manufactured in the several states. Massachusetts led in 1905 with 45.1 per cent of the cci^xxii MANUFACTURES. total value of the boots and shoes manufactured in the United States. The actual increase in the value of such goods produced in the state was $27,176,183, but the proportion of the value of the total production decreased one-tenth of 1 per cent. The states of New York, Ohio, and Missouri show large increases in the value of their output. Both New Hampshire and Maine show little change in the value of products reported, but the percentage of the total for each to the total for the United States decreased. The development and localization of the industry in Massachusetts were discussed in the Twelfth Census report on the subject, and it was pointed out that the present flourishing condition of the manufacture of boots and shoes in that state is attributable very largely to the momentum of an early start. Table clxi shows the localization of boot and shoe manufacture by cities and indicates a strong tendency for this branch of manufacture to localize in those cities that have for some time been distinguished for prominence in the industry. Brockton and Lynn, Mass., and St. Louis, Mo., are notable examples, the value of products for each having made large absolute increases and also increases in their proportion to the total for the United States. In addition to the cities given in the table there are many other cities and towns in the industrial life of which this industry assumed chief or sole importance, but for which the statistics can not be shown without disclosing the operations of individual establishments, since for each there were less than 3 establishments reported. Among these are Spencer, Webster, Bridgewater, Mil- ford, and Stoughton, Mass. ; Auburn, Lestershire, and Endicott, N. Y. ; Nashua, Derry, and Exeter, N. H.; and Petersburg, Virginia. The degree of specialization by states, as indicated by the statistics in Table clxii showing the value of the boots and shoes manufactured in comparison with the value of products in all industries, was about the same at this census as at the census of 1900. The per- centage that the value of boots and shoes formed of the value of all manufactured products remained practically unchanged for Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio, while reductions are shown for New Hamp- shire and Maine, and an increase for Missouri. The degree of specialization in cities is shown by the order in which they appear in Table clxiii and their rank in this respect is indicated by the percentages. In the special report on the manufacture of boots and shoes at the present census the following statement appears concerning the tendency to centralization in cities displayed in this industry: The proportion which the aggregate production of these cities formed of the total for the United States at each census was not materially changed from 1890 to 1900; but the large increase in this proportion at the census of 1905 indicates that the boot and shoe industry is being strongly affected by the tendency to centraliza;- tion which is characteristic of modern commercial activity. This centralization is further emphasized by the fact that 6 of the 13 cities produced more than $10,000,000 worth of shoes each in 1905; and their aggregate production amounted to $112,886,952, or 35.3 per cent of the total for the United States and 72.2 per cent of the total for the 13 cities. In 1900 the value of prod- ucts reported for the same cities was $78,105,645, or 30.2 per cent of the total for the country and 69.7 per cent of the total for the 13 cities. Carpets and rugs. — Table clxiv shows the local- ization of the manufacture of carpets and rugs by states, and Tables clxv and clxvi show the localization and specialization of the industry in Philadelphia. Table CLXIV.— CARPETS AND RUGS— LOCALIZATION BY STATES: 1905, 1900, AND 1890. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PER CENT OF TOTAL. i 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 United States - 861,686,433 $48, 192, 351 S47,770,193 22, 8811. 416 H,00i;.116 7,275,009 3,002,652 100.0 100.0 100.0 27,120,311 19,404,133 9,713,978 5,348,011 23, 113, 058 15,029,218 6,966,237 3,083,838 44.0 31.5 15.8 8.7 48.0 31.2 14.4 6.4 47.9 30.6 15.2 6.3 New York All other states Table CLXV.— CARPETS AND RUGS— LOCALIZATION BY CITIES; 1905, 1900, AND 1890. [Cities of 20,000 population .and over in 1900.] United States Philadelphia All other cities and outside of cities VALUE OF PRODUCTS. $61,586,433 25,232,510 36, 353, 923 1900 $48, 192, 351 21,98R,0i;2 26,206,289 $47,770,193 22,000,681 25.769,512 PEE CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 1900 1890 100.0 41.0 59.0 45.6 54.4 100.0 46.1 53. 16, 15, 10, 120, 898, 981 913, 281 031,882 684, 656 972, 484 951, 474 130, 353 426, 635 148, 643 1900 $436,881,648 206,231,336 45,335,263 28,357,077 19,823,861 14,099,971 11,867,958 11,352,101 7,643,297 92,170,794 1890 8319,967,683 119, 38, 27, '15, 20, 21, 9, 3, 63, 004, 399 947,8''7 968, 068 903, 606 264, 758 178, 616 672,037 977, 892 150,431 PER CENT OF TOTAL. 1903 1900 1890 100.0 60.6 10.8 5.1 3.8 2.8 2.8 2.5 1.7 19.9 100.0 47.2 10.4 6.5 46 3.2 2.7 2.6 1.8 21.1 100.0 37.2 12.2 8.7 6.0 6.3 6.6 3.0 1.3 19.7 1 Does not include value of products for 2 establishments reported as "clothing, men's, factory product, buttonholes." 'Exclusive of 1 establishment reporting "clothing, men's, buttonholes." CCXXXIV MANUFACTURES. Table CLXIX.— CLOTHING— SPECIALIZATION OF STATi:S: 1905 AND 1900. VALUE OF PEODUCTS. PER CENT WHICH CLOTHING FOEMS STATE. All industries. Clothing. OF ALL INDUS- TEIES. 1905 1900 190.5 1900 1905 1900 United States. $14,802,147,087 $11,411,121,122 $604,158,289 $436,881,648 4.1 3.8 2,488,345,579 243,376,996 1,410,342,129 960,811,857 439,548,957 1,966,651,332 1, 124, 092, 051 774,369,026 5, 405, 710, 161 1,871,830,872 211,076,143 1,120,868,308 748,670,855 316,304,096 1,649,882,380 907,626,439 553,005,684 4,031,856,346 341,144,717 22,904,712 67, 485; 644 31,366,566 12, 195, 391 37,830,621 121,724,056 8,612,037 60,894,646 233,721,652 20,039,783 47,185,980 24,460,863 12,064,101 35,185,804 15,040,648 5,663,533 43,519,284 13.7 9.4 4 8 3.3 2.8 L9 1.9 1.1 1.1 12.5 Maryland 9.5 Illinois 4.2 Ohio 3.3 38 Pennsylvania 2.1 1.7 Ne"/ Jersey 1.0 1.1 1 Exclusive of 1 establishment reporting "clothing, men's, buttonholes." Table CLXX.— CLOTHING— SPECIALIZATION OF CITIES: 1905 AND 1900. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.] United States. New York, N. Y Rochester, N. Y Baltimore, Md Cincinnati, Ohio Boston, Mass Chicago, 111 Cleveland, Ohio Philadelphia, Pa All other cities and outside of cities. VALUE OF PEODUCTS. All industries. $14, 802, 147, 087 1,526, 82, 161, 166, 184, 955; 172, 591, 10,972, 623, 747 646, 059, 351, 036; 116, 388; 380, 811,411,121,122 1, 172, 870, 261 59, 668, 959 135,107,626 141,677,997 162, 764, 523 797,879,141 126, 166, 839 519, 981, 812 8,295,013,964 Clothing. $604,158,289 305, 16, 22, 16, 116, 64, 10, 31, 120, 898, 981 130, 353 684, 656 972, 484 951, 474 913, 281 426, 635 031,882 148, 643 $436,881,648 206, 11, 19, 14, 11, 45, 7, 28, 92, 231, 336 352, 101 823, 861 099, 971 867, 958 335, 253 643, 297 357, 077 170, 794 PEE CENT WHICH CLOTHING FOEMS OF ALL INDUS- TRIES. 1905 4.1 20.0 18.3 15.0 10.2 9.2 6.8 6.1 6.2 LI 1900 as 17.6 19.0 14.7 10.0 7.3 5.7 6.1 6.5 1.1 1 Exclusive of 1 establishment reporting "clothing, men's, buttonholes.' As indicated by the above tables, the factory manu- facture of clothing for men and women is very largely an urban industry, and Table clxvii shows that the industry is localized principally in those states with the largest urban population. The manufacture of clothing in factories has devel- oped from the small shop of the custom tailor and dressmaker to its present proportions almost entirely during the last fifty or sixty years. The industry is largely an outgrowth of the invention of the sewing machine, but a strong impulse was given to the manu- facture by the necessity arising at the time of the Civil War of supplying ready made clothing to the hundreds of thousands of soldiers on both sides of the conflict. From the beginning the tendency to centralization in large centers of population has manifested itself. Tables clxvii and clxix, showing the localization and specialization of the industry by states, are but the refleption of conditions in the large cities within the . states, and as such have no great significance. Table clxviii, showing the localization of the manu- facture of clothing in the cities, discloses' a remarkable condition. From 1890 to 1905 a large proportion of the ready made clothing of the country was manufac- tured in New York city, and the percentage which the value of such clothing formed of the total for the United States, has increased steadily, growing from 37.2 in 1890 to 50.6 in 1905; the value itself increased from $119,004,399 to 1305,898,981. For an industry of such magnitude this is an economic condition of con- siderable moment. Besides being the commercial cen- ter of the nation. New York is the principal port of entry for the thousands of immigrants who are con- stantly being added to our population, and this con- tributes in a large measure to the preeminence of the city in the industry. The statistics of population of the Twelfth Census show, in the tables of occupation, that of the persons classified as "tailors" and "tailor- esses" in New York city, 98 per cent were of foreign birth or parentage. It is also shown that the pre- ponderance of foreign workers in the trade exists in the other cities to a somewhat smaller degree. Table clxx shows the A^alue of clothing manu- factured in each of the leading cities in comparison with the value of products in all industries in those cities. The highest degree of specialization is indi- cated for New York, with Rochester, Baltimore, and Cincinnati following. Coke. — Tables olxxi and clxxii show the locali- zation and specialization of the coke industry by states. City tables arc omitted, having no signifi- cance in this industry, as the ovens as a rule are located at a distance from the large centers of popula- tion. LOCALIZATION OF INDUSTRIES. Table CLXXI.— COKE— LOCALIZATION BY STATES: 1905, 1900, AND 1890. CCXXXV VALUE OF PKODUCTS. PER CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1S90 S61,72,S,i;47 $35,585,446 S10,49S,345 100.0 100.0 100.0 Pennsylvania 28.924,229 0, 176, 120 4,174,180 1,884, .570 1,723.270 8,847,260 22,282,368 3,720,433 3, .529, 241 ■ 1,072,084 1,213,561 3,701,168 10, 415, 028 2.474,377 1,130,762 m 073, 479 1,804,099 55.9 11.9 8.1 3.7 3.3 17.1 62.6 10.5 9.9 3.0 3.4 10.0 63.1 15.0 West Virginia 6.9 Virginia 41 All other states 10.9 1 Not reported separately. Table CLXXII.— COKE— SPECIALIZATION OF STATES: 1905, 1900, AND 1890. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PEE CENT WHICH STATE. All industries. Coke. INDUSTRIES. 1905 1900 1905 1900 190.-. 1900 United States $14,802,147,087 111,411,121,122 $51,728,647 335,585,445 0.3 0.3 Alabama 109,169,922 99,040,070 100,143.999 1.9.56,551,332 148,866,525 12,389,384,633 72.109,929 67,006.822 89,007,879 1,649.882,380 108,644,150 9,424,409,962 6,175,126 4, 174, 186 1,723,276 28,924,229 1,884,570 8,847,260 3,726,433 3,529,241 1,213, ,561 22, 282, 368 1,072,684 3,701,108 5.7 4.2 1.7 1.5 1.3 0.1 5.2 5.3 Colorado 1.4 Pennsylvania Virginia 1.4 1.0 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. As snown in Table clxxi, Pennsylvania leads all the other states in the production of coke, and this has been the case since the commencement of the industry in this country. Next in importance to Pennsylvania are Alabama, West Virginia, Vir- ginia, and Colorado, in the order named. The prime requisite for coke manufacture is a supply, of good coking coal, and this is produced in abundance in the states shown in the table. It is of great impor- tance, too, that iron and steel manufacturing estab- lishments, the principal consumers of coke, be situ- ated near the coke ovens, in order that the cost of shipment may not be too great. The develop- ment of the manufacture of coke in by-product ovens has somewhat changed the relation of coke oven to coal mine with respect to their nearness to each other. Many of these ovens have been and are being built in connection with iron and steel works at points far removed from the mines and the large fields of poke manufacture. The by-products recoverable by means of these improved processes frequently exceed in value the coke made, and the added value of these products — tar, ammonium sulphate, ammonia liquor, and gas — is more than sufficient to make up the difference between the freight charges on coal and coke. This accounts for the establishment of the industry in such states as Maryland, Massachu- setts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, and New York, and places in other states many miles distant from the coal mines. Where this industry is localized, it is usually found to be centralized to a very great degree. In Pennsylvania, in what is known as the Connellsville district, consisting of Fayette and West- moreland counties, about one-third of the total value of coke manufactured in the United States is pro- duced. Likewise, in Alabama and West Virginia the coke ovens are concentrated in certain districts in close proximity to the mines, this manufacture, with the attendant mining of coal, constituting in many instances almost the sole reason for the existence of many large and small communities Table clxxii shows the value of the coke manufac- tured in each of the leading states in comparison with the value of products in all industries. No special sig- nificance can be claimed for the statistics as presented in this table. A comparison of this industry with manufacturing industries at large for the states does not show a sufficiently pronounced degree of specializa- tion to have any particular interest. However, if the method of tabulating and compiling the statistics had been such as to make it practicable to present the fig- ures by counties, it would be seen that in many locali- ties coke manufacture and the necessary mining would be practically the only industrial pursuit. Collars and cuffs. — Tables CLXXiri to olxxv show the localization and specialization of the manufacture of collars and cuffs. Table CLXXIII. — Collars and cuffs- -localization by states: 1905. STATE. Value of products. Per cent of total. 812,687,277 100.0 12,188,181 399,096 96.8 3 2 CCXXXVl MANUFACTURES. Table CLXXIV. — Collars ana cuffs — localization by cities: 1905. CITY. Value of products. Per cent of total. 812,587,277 100.0 Troy NY 11,271,708 1, 315, 569 89.6 10.5 Table CLXXV. — Collars and cuffs — specialization of cities: 1905. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. Per cent which col- CITY. All industries. Collars and cuffs. lars and caffs forms of all in- dustries. United States $14,802,147,087 112,587,277 0.1 Troy, N. Y 31,860,829 14,770,286,258 11,271,708 1,315,569 35.4 All other cities and outside of cities. 0) 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Troy, N. Y., is the center of the industry, as indi- cated by the above tables, 89.5 per cent of the total value of these goods being manufactured there; 96.8 per cent of the total for the United States was made in the state of New York. The localization of the manu- facture of collars and cuffs was discussed in the report on the subject at the census of 1900. There was no separate classification for the manufacture of linen col- lars and cuffs at that time, the returns being included under one of the two classifications, "shirts" or "fur- nishing goods, men's," and it was necessary to make another tabulation of the schedules in order to show separate data. While the output of collars and cuffs in three cities of the state of New York — Glens Falls, Albany, and New York — is considerable, it is not suf- ficient to justify their inclusion in tables showing the localization of the industry. As stated in the report on this subject at the Twelfth Census, the chief cause of the marked localization of the industry in Troy is the early establishment of the industry there and the consequent development of a class of skilled employees. The percentage which the value of collars and cuffs manufactured in Troy forms of the value of all manu- factured products of the city shows that the industry is very highly specialized. Copper, smelting and refining. — Tables clxxvi and CLXXVii show the localization of copper smelting and refining by states; also the specialization of states in the industry. As this branch of manufacture is not, as a rule, an urban industry, there are no tables presenting localization and specialization by cities. Table CLXXVI. — Copper, smelting and refining — localization by states: 1905 and 1900. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PEE CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 1900 1905 1900 United States J240,780,216 $165,131,670 100.0 100.0 62,795,613 m 22,761,981 21,222,217 8,498,956 2,583,524 122,917,925 38,365,131 36, ,387, 063 17, 286; 517 17,340,041 3,893,034 4,508,259 47,351,625 26.1 23.2 22.0 9.4 8.8 3.5 10.5 10.5 Utah 2.4 California 1.1 .51.1 2.7 28.7 1 Included in "all other states" to avoid disclosing individual operations. 2 Not reported separately. Table CLXXVII.— COPPER, SMELTING A.\D REFINING-SPECIALIZATION OF STATES: 1905 AND 1900. VALUE OF PEODtrcTS. United States Arizona Montana Utah New Jersey Michigan Colorado California All other states All industries. 1905 814,802,147,087 28, 66 38, 774, 429, 100, 367, 12,997, 083, 192 415, 452 920, 464 369, 025 120, 060 143, 999 218, 494 870, 401 811,411,121,122 20, 52, 17, 653, 319, 89, 267, 10, 100, 438,987 744,997 981,648 005,684 691,856 067,879 385,621 804, 650 Copper, smelting and refining. PER CENT WHICH COPPER SMELT- ING AND REFIN- ING FORMS OF ALL INDUSTRIES. 1905 1900 $240, 780, 216 22,761,981 (') 8, 498, 956 62,795,613 21, 222, 217 (') 2, 583, 524 122,917,925 $165,131,670 17 36, (' 38, 17: 3: 4, 47 286,517 387,063 "-) 365, 131 340,041 893,034 508, 259 351,625 21. S 8.1 4.9 84.6 (19.0 0.7 0.9 6.9 5.4 4.4 1.8 0.5 1 Included in ''all other states" to avoid disclosing individual operations. - Not reported separately. The industrj^ of copper smelting is localized almost entirely with reference to the nearness of the mines which furnish a sufficient supply of raw material in the shape of crude ore or concentrates, while copper refineries are located principally in or near large cen- ters of population to which the "blister" copper, or smelted metal can be conveniently shipped for refin- ing and where the refined copper finds a ready market. In the report on copper smelting and refining at the Twelfth Census, the following statement concerning this subject is made:' While the location of the establishments engaged in copper smelt- ing is controlled very largely by ihe source of the ore, still, in many cases, the ore is transported to meet other materials or more favor- able conditions for smelting. The products of the smelters are again transported to refineries, which are situated in localities more convenient for securing the materials used in the processes and are in clcwcr touch with the market for the finished products. • Twelfth Census, Munufactures. Part IV, page 139. LOCALIZATION OF INDUSTRIES. ccxxxvu Table clxxvi shows the localization of the indus- try by states. The establishments in New Jersey, which led in 1905 in the gross value of products with 26.1 per cent of the total, are engaged almost entirely in refining the smelted products of western smelters, as are the plants in Maryland, New York, and other Eastern states. While the statistics for the value of products for New York and Maryland do not appear in the table, there being less than three establishments in each, these states are prominent in this industry. In the production of smelted copper Montana, Ari- zona, Michigan, Utah, Colorado, and California occupy positions in the order named. Table clxxvii shows the degree of specialization of the industry in each of the states included. Ari- zona, Montana, and Utah present the greatest degree of specialization in copper smelting at the census of 1905, constituting 81.1 per cent of the total value of all manufactured products for Arizona, and 21.8 per cent for the state of Utah. The localization of establishments engaged in lead and zinc smelting is likewise controlled principally by the nearness of the ore supplies. The states occu- pying the foremost places in the value of lead smelted, without reference to the subsequent refining, are Colorado, Missouri, Utah, Texas, Montana, Illinois, and Kansas. The leading states in zinc smelting are Missouri, Illinois, and Pennsylvania, in the order named. Cotton goods, including cotton small wares. — Tables CLXXViii to CLxxxi show the localization of the cotton industry by states and cities and the specialization of states and cities in the industry. Table CLXXVIII.— COTTON GOODS, INCLUDINO COTTON SMALL WARES- AND 1890. -LOCALIZATION BY STATES: 1905, 1900, VALUE OF PEODUCTS. PER CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 United States $450, 467, 704 $339,200,320 8267,981,724 ■ 100. 100.0 100 Massachusetts 130,068,982 49, 437, 644 47,254,054 1 35, 174, 248 34,573,450 '29,540,770 26,299,853 18, 425, 384 16,760,332 15,405,823 13, 433, 904 34,093,260 111, 125, 175 29,723,919 28,372,798 18, 457, 645 26, 435, 675 22,998,249 25,447,697 15; 489, 442 8, 163, 136 14,631,086 10, 788, 003 27,577,495 100,202,882 9,800,798 9,563,443 12,035,629 27,310,499 21,958,002 / 18,431,773 15,409,476 2,190,771 15,316,909 9,777,295 25,984,247 28.9 11.0 10.5 7.8 7.7 6. 6' 5.8 4.1 3.7 3.4 3.0 7.5 32.7 8.8 8.4 6.4 7.8 6.8 7.5 4.6 2.4 4.3 3.2 8.1 37.4 3.7 North Carolina 3 6 Georgia Rhode Island 4.5 10 2 8.2 Pennsylvania Connecticut 6.9 6.7 0.8 Maine . . 5.7 New York 3.6 All other Rta.tp.s 9.7 ' Exclusive of 1 estahlishment reporting ''cotton small wares " to avoid disclosing individual operations. Table CLXXIX. -COTTON GOODS, INCLUDING COTTON SMALL WARES— LOCALIZATION BY CITIES: 1905, AND 1890. 1900, [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.] VALUE OF PKODUCTS. United States Fall River, Mass New Bedford, Mass Lowell, Mass Philadelphia, Pa Manchester, N. II Pawtuciet, R. I Taunton, Mass Lawrence, Mass Warwick, R. I Hoiyoke, Mass Lewiston, Me Adams, Mass. ^ Utica, N. Y Columbus, Ga. ' All other cities and outside of cities 1905 $450, 467, 704 2, 295, 538, 667 411,936 383, 878 462, 734 366, 061 099, 361 141,698 745,611 370, 318 019,817 972, 438 621,261 287, 658 759,081 287, 295 1900 $3.39, 200, 320 29, 16, '17, 17, 11 5, 4 215, 286, 526 748, 783 038, 676 620, 298 723, 508 636, 465 693, 466 146, 594 413, 357 764, 848 638, 116 ') 690,794 1890 $267,981,724 24, 8 19: 11, 10, 3, 2: 6, 925, 764 186, 286 789, 111 514, 601 9.57, 219 954, 960 747,816 046,914 4 S, (• 2, (■ 168, ^ ) 392, 722 013, 337 ') 160, 247 ') 293, 747 PEE CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 1900 1890 100.0 7.2 5.0 4.3 3.9 3.2 2.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.6 65,6 100.0 8.6 4.9 5.0 5.2 3.5 1.7 1.3 2.4 1.3 LI 1.4 63. 6 100.0 9.3 ■3.0 7.4 4.3 4.1 L5 LO 2.3 1.8 L9 0.8 ' Exclusive of 1 establisliment reporting ''cotton small wares " 2 Exclusive of 2 establishments reporting "cotton small wares ' ' Not reported separately. ^ Less than 20,000 population. to avoid disclosing individual operations, to avoid disclosing individual operations. CCXXXVlll MANUFACTURES. Table CLXXX.— COTTON GOODS, INCLUDING COTTON SMALL WARES— SPECIALIZATION OF STATES: 1905 AND 1900. VALUE OF PBODUCTS. FEB CENT WHICH COTTON GOODS, STATE. All industries. Cotton goods, including cot- ton small wares. INCLUDING COT- TON smaIl WAKES, FORMS OP ALL INDUSTEIES. 1905 1900 1905 . 1900 1905 1900 United States §14,802,147,087 $11,411,121,122 S450, 467, 704 $339,200,320 3.0 3.0 79,376,262 142, 620, 776 123,610,904 151,040,465 202, 109, 583 109,169,922 1,124,092,051 144,020,197 369,082,091 1,955,551,332 2,488,346,679 7,913,227,935 53, .335, 811 85, 274, 083 107,590,803 94, 532, 368 166,660,382 72,109,929 907, 626, 439 112,959,098 315, 106, 150 1,649,882,380 1,871,830,872 5,976,322,807 49, 437, 644 47,254,054 129,640,770 1 35, 174, 248 34,573,450 16, 760, 332 130,068,982 16,405,823 18,426,384 26,299,863 13, 433, 904 34,093,260 29,723,919 28,372,798 22,998,249 18,467,646 26,436,675 8,153,136 111,125,175 14,631,086 16, 489, 442 26,447,697 10,788,003 27,677,496 62.3 33.2 23.9 23.3 17.1 15.4 11.6 10.7 5.0 1.3 0.6 0.4 5.5.7 North Carolina. 33 3 21.4 Georgia . . 19 5 16.0 11.3 Massachusetts 12 2 13.0 Cntrnpntipnt 4 9 1.5 New York 6 0.5 1 Exclusive of 1 establishment reporting " cotton small wares " to avoid disclosing individual operations. Table CLXXXI.— COTTON GOODS, INCLUDING COTTON SMALL WARES— SPECIALIZATION OP CITIES: 1905 AND 1900. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.] United States Adams, Mass.i Warwiclc, R. I New Bedford, Mass Fall Eiver, Mass I^ewiston, Me Manchester, N. H Taunton, Mass Augusta, Ga Lowell, Mass Pawtucket, R. I Columbus, Ga.i "Woonsocket, R. I Utica, N. Y Holyoke, Mass Atlanta, Ga Lawrence, Mass Philadelphia, Pa All other cities and outside of cities VALUE OF PRODUCTS. All industries. 1905 $14,802,147,087 5, 492, 001 7,051,971 29,469,349 43,473,105 8,527,649 30, 696, 926 13, 644, 586 8,829,305 46,879,212 25,846,899 7,079,702 19,260,537 22,880,317 30,731,332 26,745,660 48,036,593 591,388,078 1,837,113,876 1900 $11, 411, 121, 122 6,019,989 23,397,491 39,102,710 7,778,941 24.628,345 li; 544, 150 7,984,324 41,202,984 19,271,582 14,744,900 24,092,610 14, 418, 834 41,741,980 519,981,812 10, 616, 210, 470 Cotton goods, including cotton small wares. 1905 $450,467,704 1900 $339, 200, 320 (=) 4, 413, 357 16,748,783 29, 286, 526 4, 638, 115 11,723,508 4,593,466 3,429,348 3 17,038,676 5, 636, 456 2,389,586 3.764,848 1,938,228 s 8, 146, 594 17,620,298 207, 833, 632 PER CENT WHICH COTTON GOODS, INCLUDING COT- TON SMALL WARES,PORMSOF ALL INDUSTRIES. 1905 3.0 84.1 76.2 76.1 74 8 58.3 46.8 45.0 43.4 41.3 39.1 39.0 19.0 18.7 16.3 14.0 12.0 3.0 2.1 1900 73.3 71.6 74 9 59.6 47.6 39.8 43.0 41.4 29.2 16 2 15.6 13.4 19.5 3.4 2.0 1 Less than 20,000 population in 1900. 2.Not reported separately. 3 Exclusive of vafne of products for 1 establishment reporting "cotton small wares" to avoid disclosing individual operations. ^ Exclusive of value of products for 2 establishments reporting "cotton small wares" to avoid disclosing individual operations. Table clxxviii shows that the cotton industry is largely localized in the New England states and South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama. The southward trend of the industry, as indicated by the percentages in the table, is evident, for the pro- portion of the total value of cotton goods manufactured in New England shows a continued decrease and that of the Southern states, a steady increase. Massa- chusetts, however, still occupies the first position in the industry. Among the favoring causes of the rapid development of the cotton industry in the South the reports of the Twelfth Census enumerated the access- ibility of tlie raw material, the abundant water supply, and the low cost of living. The comparatively low wage cost is another strong factor in the increase of cotton manufacture in that section; one reason for this is that the proportion of children employed in the industry is much larger in the South than in New England. Table clxxix shows the localization of the indus- try in cities, and the statistics indicate that there have been some changes in the relative rank of the several cities since the census of 1900. Fall Eiver, Mass., whichwas first in cotton manufactures in 1890 and 1900, still maintained its ascendency in 1905, while Phila- delphia and Lowell, the cities formerly next in rank in value of product, have been passed by New Bedford, which now is second. The statistics show an actual decrease in the value of cotton manufactured in Phila- delphia. The fact that only 32.8 per cent of the total value of products is reported for cities of 20,000 popu- lation or over indicates apparently that the conditions LOCALIZATION OF INDUSTRIES. CCXXXIX for cotton manufactures are less favorable in large cities. Tables clxxx and clxxxi show the value of cotton goods manufactured in states and cities in compari- son with the value of products in all industries in 1900 and 1905. The highest degree of specialization in Table GLXXXIL— DYEING AND FINISHING TEXTILES— LOCALIZATION BY STATES; 1905, 1900, AND 1890 cities is shown for Adams, Mass., where the value of cotton manufactured formed 84.1 per cent of the value of all products. Dyeing and finishing textiles. — Tables olxxxii to CLXXXv show the localization and specialization of this industry by states and cities. VALUE OF PKODUCTS. PEK CENT OF TOTAL. 190,5 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 United States . $50,849,645 $44,963,331 $28,900,560 100.0 100.0 100.0 11,979,947 11,048,512 9,981,457 6,786,263 4,361,688 6,691,678 10,488,963 8,868,290 8, 4S4, 878 7,038,012 3,625,882 6,467,306 6, 183, 397 6, 496, 215 4,743,661 6, 340, 761 3,636,051 2,600,575 23.6 21.7 19.6 13.3 8.6 13.2 23.3 19.7 18.9 15.6 8.1 14 4 21.4 Massachusetts 22.5 16.4 Pennsylvania . 18.1 New York 12.6 All other states 9.0 Table CLXXXIII.— DYEING AND FINISHING TEXTILES— LOCALIZATION BY CITIES: 1905, 1900, AND 1890. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.] United States Paterson, N.J Philadelphia, Pa Fall River, Mass Providence, R. I New York, N. Y Pawtucket, R. I Passaic, N.J Lawrence, Mass Warwick, R. I All other cities and outside of cities VALUE OF PRODUCTS. 1905 $50, 849, 546 699,295 371, 006 134, 604 254, 074 707, 489 644, 648 621, 131 428,174 262, 324 726,900 1900 $44, 963, 331 3,836, 6,562, 2,995, 2,284, 1, 460, 1,600, 2, 316, 239, « 24,667, 1890 $28,900,660 252, 316 356,272 206, 191 957, 690 538,384 417,971 ") 169, 722 ■) 012,014 PER CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 1900 1S90 100.0 11.2 8.6 6.2 4.4 3.4 3.2 3.2 2.8 2.5 54.5 100.0 8.5 12.4 6.7 6.1 3.2 3,6 6.1 0.6 54.9 100.0 7.8 15.1 4.2 6.8 5.3 4.9 4.0 "si.'g Table CLXXXIV. 1 Not reported separately. -DYEING AND FINISHING TEXTILES— SPECIALIZATION OF STATES: 1905 AND 1900. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PER CENT WHICH DYEING AND FIN- STATE. All industries. Dyeing and finishing textiles. ISHING TEXTILES FORMS OF ALL INDUSTRIES. 1905 1900 1905 1 1900 1905 1900 $14,802,147,087 $11,411,121,122 850, 849, 646 $44,963,331 0.3 0.4 202,109,583 774, 369, 026 1,124,092,061 1,956,651,332 2,488,346,679 8, 257, 679, 617 165, 650, 382 553,005,684 907,626,439 1,649,882,380 1,871,830,872 6,263,225,365 9,981,457 11,979,947 11,048,512 6,786,263 4, 361, 688 6,691,678 8,484,878 10,488,963 8,868,290 7,038,012 3,625,882 6,457,306 4.9 1.5 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 5.1 New Jersey 1.9 1.0 0.4 New York 0.2 All other states 0.1 Table CLXXXV.- -DYEING AND FINISHING TEXTILES— SPECIALIZATION OF CITIES: [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.] 1905 AND 1900. United States . Warwick, R. I Paterson, N. J rah River, Mass Passaic, N. J Pawtucket, R. I Lawrence, Mass Providence, R.I Philadelphia, Pa NewYork N. Y Ah other cities and outside of cities . VALUE OF PRODUCTS. All industries. $14,802,147,087 7,051,971 54,673,083 43, 473, 105 22, 782, 726 26,846,899 48,036,593 91, 980, 963 691, 388, 078 626, 523, 006 390,390,664 Dyeing and finishing textiles. $11,411,121,122 6,019, 48,602, 39, 102, 12,804, 19,271, 41,741, 78,657, 519,981, , 172, 870, I, 472, 168, 550,849,545 262, 324 699, 295 134, 604 621, 131 644, 548 428, 174 254, 074 ^71,006 707, 489 726,900 1900 $44,963,331 (') 836, 409 995,979 316,681 600, 916 239,017 284, 083 562, 099 460, 322 667, 825 PER CENT WHICH DYEING AND FIN- ISHING TEXTILES FORMS OF ALL INDUSTRIES. 1905 0.3 17.9 10.4 7.2 7.1 6.4 3.0 2.5 0.7 0.1 0.2 7.9 7.7 18.1 8.3 0.6 2.9 1.1 0.1 0.3 MFG PT 1 — 07- 1 Not reported separately. ccxl MANUFACTURES. Table OLXXXii shows that the industry is locaHzed closely in 5 states. The greatest concentration ap- pears in New Jersey, which in 1905 produced almost one-fourth of the total value of products for the United States. The dyeing and finishing industry represents establishments that treat fibers and fab- rics of textile manufactures. The value of product reported represents the amount received for work done and not the value of the goods operated upon. This close relationship to the textile industry has caused the location of the dyeing and finishing mills in the leading textile states. The percentages do not reveal any great change in the location of the industry since 1890, although Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and New York appear to have lost in relative impor- tance between that year and 1905. An actual decrease in value of products from 1900 to 1905 is shown for Pennsylvania. Table clxxxiii shows that about half of the value of products of the industry was reported for cities. North Adams, Mass., the town of Lincoln, R. I., and Wilmington, Del., are also dyeing and finishing cen- ters, but the statistics for them can not be published separately without disclosing figures for individual establishments. The value of products of these .3 centers aggregated $6,716,655 in 1905, or 13.2 per cent of the total for the industry. If these 3 centers be considered in connection with the 9 cities shown in the table, the 12 urban centers produced products valued at $29,839,300, or 58.7 per cent of the total for the United States. Paterson, N. J., which contributed 11.2 per cent of the total for the industry in 1905, has made a remarkable advance in the dyeing and finish- ing industry since the census of 1900, and has gained first rank over Philadelphia, Pa., which led in that year. Its value of product increased almost 50 per cent between the two censuses. Dyeing and finishing in Paterson is confined largely to "processing" silk goods, and the great increase apparently indicates that some of the work formerly done in silk mills is now done in independent plants. Tables clxxxiv and clxxxv indicate the proportion which the dyeing and finishing of textiles formed of all the manufactures in selected states and cities. Among the states, the greatest specialization is shown for Rhode Island, with a value of products for dyeing and finishing forming 4.9 per cent of the value of all prod- ucts at the census of 1905; while among the cities, the most marked specialization is shown for War- wick, R. I., with a value of products for this industry constituting 17.9 per cent of the value of all manufac- tured products in the city. Paterson, N. J., and Fall River, Mass., ranked second and third, re'spectively. Philadelphia, Pa., Passaic, N. J., and Providence, R. I., show both an actual and a proportionate de- crease in the dyeing and finishing industry between 1900 and 1905 in contrast to substantial increases in all industries. Felt Jiats. — The localization and specialization of the industry in certain states and cities is presented in Tables clxxxvi to clxxxix. Table CLXXXVI. — Felt hats — localizationby states: 1906 and 1900. VALUE or PRODUCTS. PEK CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 1900 190,5 1900 United States . . $36,629,353 S27,811,187 100.0 100.0 9,540,433 8, 662, 799 7,739,774 7, 350, 311 2,316,591 1,020,445 7,211,229 7, 546, 882 5,602,458 4, 243, 352 2,630,964 576, 302 26.0 , 23.7 21.1 20.1 6.3 2.8 25.9 Connecticut New York 27.1 20.1 Pennsylvania 15.3 9.5 2.1 Table CLXXXVII. — Felt hats — localization by cities: T905 and 1900. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.] CITY. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PER CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 1900 1905 1900 United States 136, 629, 353 i27, 811, 187 100.0 100 Ptiiladelpliia, Pa . . . 5, 847, 771 5, 798, 107 4,586,040 3,899,436 2,311,614 14, 186, 386 3,075,470 5,007,095 3,463,619 2,241,347 2,246,494 11,787,162 16.0 15.8 12.5 10.7 6.3 38.7 11 1 18 12 4 New York, N. Y ai Orange, N. J All other cities and outside of 8.0 42 4 1 Less than 20,000 population in 1900. Table CLXXXVIII.— FELT HATS— SPECIALIZATION OF STATES: 1905 AND 1900. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PER CENT WHICH FELT HATS FORMS STATE. .Vll industries. Felt hats. OF ALL INDUS- TRIES. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 Sil4.802,147,087 $11,411,121,122 $36,620,363 ?27,811,187 0.2 369,082,001 774,369,025 1,956,551,332 2,488,345,679 1,124,092,051 8,090,707,009 315, 106, 150 563,005,684 1,649,882,380 1,871,830,872 907,626,439 6,113,669,697 8,662,799 9,640,433 7,350,311 7,739,774 2, 315, 591 1,020,446 7,546,882 7,211,229 4,243,352 6,602,468 2,630,964 576,302 2.3 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 W 2 4 1 3 G. 3 3 0) 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. LOCALIZATION OF INDUSTRIES. ccxli Table CLXXXIX.— FELT HATS— SPECIALIZATION OF CITIES: 1905 AND 1900.^ [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.) VALUE OF PKODUCTS. PEE CENT WHICH FELT HATS FORMS CITY. All industries. Felt liats. OF ALL INDUS- TRIES. 1905 1900 1905 1900 190.5 1900 United States $14,802,147,087 811,411,121,122 $30,629,353 $27,811,187 0.2 2 Danbury, Conn.i 8,066,662 6,150,635 150,055,227 691,388,078 1,526,523,006 12,519„964,489 6,527,163 2,995,688 112, 728, 045 519,981,812 1,172,870,261 9,596,018,153 5,798,107 2,311,614 4,588,040 5,847,771 3,899,4.35 14,186,386 5,007,095 2,246,494 3,453,619 3,075,470 2,241,347 11,787,162 71.9 37.6 3.1 1.0 0.3 0.1 Orange, N. J 75 Newark, N.J 3 1 Pliiladelpliia, Pa New York, N. Y All other cities and outside of cities . . . 0.1 1 Less than 20,000 population in 1900. Felt hats did not appear separately in census statis- tics until 1900. A marked localization is shown for the industry in New Jersey, Connecticut, New York, and Pennsyl- rania, these states producing 88.4 per cent in 1900 and 90.9 per cent in 1905 of the total value of products for the industry. For Connecticut, however, the percent- age that the state formed of the total decreased 3.4 per cent, although the value of products increased $1,115,917. While New Jersey shows the greatest localization among the states, Philadelphia, Pa., was the leading city in the industry in 1905, followed closely by Dan- bury, Conn., the combined value of product of the two cities amounting to 29.1 per cent in 1900 and 31.8 per cent in 1905 of the total for the United States. In 1900 Danbury, Conn., was the chief felt hat city, but by 1905 it was outstripped by Philadelphia, in which city the advance of the industry has been rapid. Yonkers, N. Y., Fall River, Mass., and Bethel, Conn., produced felt hats to the value of $5,029,575 in 1905, but the statistics can not be shown separately. Table clxxxviii shows that the greatest specializa- tion of the industry was in Connecticut, where the value of the felt hats manufactured formed 2.4 per cent in 1900 and 2.3 per cent in 1905 of the total value of all manu- factured products. In 1905 the relative importance of the industry was six times as great in New Jersey as in the United States, while the percentages for Massa- chusetts and the United States were equal. Danbury, Conn., shows the most pronounced spe- cialization of the cities given in Table olxxxix, the value of felt hats constituting 71.9 per cent of the total value of products for all industries in 1905. Orange, N. J., ranked second in 1905, with 37.6 per cent. In comparison with , all industries the felt hat industry lost prestige in both of these cities between 1900 and 1905. Glass. — Tables oxc to oxciii show the localization and specialization in the glass industry. Table CXC— GLASS— LOCALIZATION BY STATES; 1905, 1900, AND 1890. United States Pennsylvania Indiana Ohio New Jersey niinois West Virginia All other states VALUE OF PRODUCTS. $79,607,998 27,671,693 14,706,929 9,026,208 6,450,195 5, 619, 740 4, 598, 563 11, 534, 670 1900 $56, 539, 712 Oil, 130 757, 883 547,083 093,822 834, 398 871,795 423, 601 1890 $41,051,004 17 179, 137 995,409 649, 182 218, 162 372,011 945, 234 691, 879 PER CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 1900 1890 100.0 34.7 18.5 U.3 8.1 7.1 5.8 14.5 100.0 38.9 26.1 8.1 9.0 6.0 3.3 9.6 100.0 4L8 7.3 13.8 12.7 6.8 2.3 18.3 ccxlii MANUFACTURES. Table OXCI.— GLASS— LOCALIZATION BY CITIES: 1905 AND 1900. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.] VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PEE CENT OF TOTAL. CITY. 1905 1900 1905 1900 $79,607,998 856,539,712 100.0 ,100.0 2,344,462 2,332,614 2,243,806 2,130,540 1,841,308 1,297,100 1,294,244 1,252,795 1,196,409 1,056,683 1,042,057 1,000,497 900,870 864, 567 223,766 58,586,280 2,381,025 1,617,373 1,308,029 2,429,686 1,010,139 1,347,011 952,591 867,698 1,142,311 1,399,317 1,021,280 m' 1,015,689 1,011,803 39,035,760 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 4.2 2.9 2.3 4.3 1.8 2.4 Bridgeton, N. J. i Brooklvn NY 1.7 1.5 2.0 2.5 1.8 Rt Lniiis Mo ' 1.8 0.3 73.6 1.8 69.0 iLess than 20,000 population in 1900. 2 Not reported separately. Table CXCII.— GLASS— SPECIALIZATION OF STATES: 1905 AND 1900. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PEE CENT -HrSICH GLASS FORMS OF ALL INDUSTRIES. STATE. All industries. Glass. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 $14,802,147,087 $11,411,121,122 $79,607,998 $56, 539, 712 0.5 0.5 99,040,676 393,954,405 1,955,551,332 960,811,857 774, 369, 025 1,410,342,129 9,208,077,663 67,006,822 337,071,630 1, 649, 882, 380 748,670,855 553,005,684 1,120,868,308 6,934,615,443 4,598,563 14,706,929 27,671,693 9,026,208 6, 450, 195 5,619,740 11,534,670 1,871,795 14,757,883 22,011,130 4,547,083 5,093,822 . 2,834,398 6,423,601 4.6 3.7 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.1 2.8 Indiana 4 4 1.3 Ohio 6 0.9 Illinois 3 1 Table CXCIII.— GLASS— SPECIALIZATION OF CITIES: 1905 AND 1900. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.] VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PER CENT WHICH GLASS FORMS OF ALL INDUSTRIES. CITT. All industries. Glass. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 United States 814,802,147,087 Sll. 411, 121, 122 $79,607,998 $56,539,712 0.5 0.5 Millville, N. J. I Bridgeton, N. J. i Muncie, Ind 3,719,417 2,963,840 6,476,267 4, 290, 166 3,651,105 29,291,654 6,111,083 165,428,881 373,462,930 267,307,038 591,388,078 13,348,056,628 2,513,433 2,258,772 7,041,676 4,592,922 2,062,156 26, 295, 629 9,433,513 165,002,687 313,617,489 193,732,788 519,981,812 10,164,588,245 2,332,614 1,252,795 2,344,462 1,042,057 864, 567 1,297,100 223, 766 2, 130, 540 1, 196, 409 900,870 1,294,244 64, 728, .574 1,617,373 952,591 2,381,025 1,399,317 1,011,803 2,429,686 867,698 (=) 1,347,011 44,533,208 62.7 42.3 36.2 24.3 23.7 4.4 3.7 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.5 64.3 42.2 33 8 30.5 Elwood, Ind. 1 10 7 Pittsburg, Pa Brooklyn, N. Y 3 St. Louis, Mo Pliiladelphia, Pa.. 3 0.4 I L(^s,s than 20,000 population in 1900. There appears to be no decided change in the local- ization of plants in this industry between the census of 1900 and the present census. The manufacture of glass was largely localized in the states of Pennsyl- vania and Indiana in 1905 as in 1900. However, the statistics indicate a slight (lecreaso in the propor- tion of the total product for the United States manu- factured in those two states. The availability of a cheap supply of fuel adapted to glass manufacture is, '-Not reported separalrl.v. as formerly, one of the main considerations, if not the principal one, in determining the location of the plants, and this continues to give Pennsylvania supremacy. Table cxc shows that the pronounced movement of the industry into Indiana, which took place between 1890 and 1900 and was caused by the discovery of new supplies of natural gas, has been arrested. There was a decrease in the value of products of the LOCALIZATION OF INDUSTRIES. ccxliii state from 1900 to 1905, while the industry in Ohio increased, although for this state there was a de- crease between 1890 and 1900. A diminution of the natural gas supply has occurred at several places in Indiana, necessitating in many instances the pump- ing of gas to the points of consumption, and to this fact is attributed the failure to maintain the growth in the industry which took place between 1890 and 1900. The industry in New Jersey apparently has not been affected by those influences which in some of the other states cause a shifting of the plants from one place to another. Many of the plants in New Jersey are old establishments which by the momentum of an early start have securetl control of certain markets, and this condition and the conservativeness which dis- tinguishes them have prevented any change in their location. The statistics of West Virginia show a large increase from 1900 to 1905 in the value of the glass produced, brought about chieflj^ by the remarkable increase in the output of natviral gas in the state (which in 1904 held second place in that respect) , and the consequent encom-agement presented to glass manufacturers to locate there. It is probable that, if the supply of gas is maintained for any length of time, a further and more remarkable growth in glass making will result. The value of glass manufactm"es in Illinois at the cen- sus of 1905 was about double that at the census of 1900. A good supply of coal, from which "producer" gas is made, tends to localize the manufacture of glass at certain points in this state. Table cxci shows the localization of the industry in cities. Only an imperfect idea of the concentration of glass manufactm-e at particular places can be gained from this table. For example, Pittsburg, Pa., which in the table appears to hold fourth place in the list of cities, has in its immediate vicinity, barely outside the city limits, many other glass houses, and if it were prac- ticable to present the statistics by counties, Allegheny county, of which Pittsburg is the county seat, would show a large preeminence in the industry. This con- dition also exists, although in a less degree, in other cities shown in the table. The changes in localization from 1900 to 1905 in respect to the cities included in the table are small and unimportant. Muncie, Ind., with a slight decrease in the value of the product, has displaced Pittsburg, Pa., from first place, the latter city having dropped to fourth. Millville, N. J., formerly third, and Washington, Pa., formerly fourth, also exceeded Pittsburg in the value of glass manufactured. The most important feature of the table is the large increase from $39,035,760 to 158,586,280 in the value of glass manufactured else- where than in the principal cities in the industry named in the table, which indicates that a process of decentralization is taking place in the industry and glass manufacturing is becoming more widely diffused. Tables cxcii and cxciii show the value of glass manu- factured in the leading states and cities engaged in this industry compared with the value of products for all industries in those states and cities. This shows the extent of the specialization in glass manufacture of the states and cities. The greatest change in the speciali- zation of states is shown for West Virginia, the per- centage which glass formed of all products having increased from 2.8 in 1900 to 4.6 in 1905. The most specialized city in glass manufacture, according to the city table, is Millville, N. J., with the value of glass forming 62.7 per cent of the value of all its manufac- tures. There are certain cities for which the statistics have not been reported separately that would perhaps show a higher degree of specialization than the cities in the table if the facts could be presented. It cafi be stated, however, that glass houses are the leading industrial feature of Washington, Charleroi, and Tarentum, Pa., and of Alexandria and Gas City, Indiana. Hosiery and Tcnit goods. — The localization and spe- cialization of the industry by states and cities is shown in Tables cxciv to cxcvii. Table OXCIV.— HOSIERY AND KNIT GOODS— LOCALIZATION BY STATES: 1905, 1900, AND 1890. United States. New York Pennsylvania Massachusetts. . . Connecticut Wisconsin Ohio New Hampshire. All other states . . VALUE or PEODUCTS. S13(i,558,139 108, bOO 753, 140 081,852 371,452 941,944 997, 047 974,290 329, 814 S96,482,S66 886,048 89f), 063 620, 267 043, 977 486, 813 576, 285 592, 829 380, 294 *i7,241,013 776, 582 944. 237 082.087 771,567 6.35, 641 635,948 481,922 913,029 PER CENT OF TOTAL. 100.0 33.8 22. 5 7.4 3.9 3.6 2.9 2.9 23.0 37.6 23.0 6.9 4.2 2.6 1.7 2.7 21.3 1890 100.0 25.2 7.6 6.6 2.4 2.4 5.2 14.8 ccxliv MANUFACTURES. Table CXOV.— HOSIERY AND KNIT GOODS— LOCALIZATION BY CITIES: 1905, 1900, AND 1890. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.] VALUE or PRODUCTS. PER CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 $136, .558, 139 S96, 482, 566 $67,241,013 100.0 100.0 100.0 15,770,873 5,261,166 4,677,022 4, 132, 470 4, 126, 873 3,816,964 2,547,676 2, 540, 105 2,133,078 91,651,912 13,040,905 2,514,073 3,944,785 2, 112, 510 • 5,026,374 3,148,110 2,303,690 1,326,397 1,540,056 60,525,666 14,932,981 715, 178 (>) 887,386 5,058,882 731,413 (■) (') 1,026,221 43,888,952 11.5 3.9 3.4 3.0 3.0 2.8 1.9 1.9 1.6 67.0 13.7 2.6- 4.1 2.2 6.3 3.3 2.4 1.4 1.6 63.4 22.2 Utioa, N. Y 1.1 1.3 Cohoes N Y 7.S Lowell, Mass 1.1 Little Falls N Y 2 Rocktord, 111 1.5 All other cities and outside of cities 65.3 1 Not reported separately. 2 Less than 20,000 population In 1900. Table CXC VI. —HOSIERY AND KNIT GOODS— SPECIALIZATION OF STATES: 1905 AND 1900. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PER CENT "WHICH HOSIERY AND STATE. All industries. Hosiery and linit goods. KNIT GOODS FORMS OF ALL INDUSTRIES. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 United States . . . . ' .... $14,802,147,087 $11,411,121,122 $136,558,139 $95,482,566 0.9 8 New Hampshire 123,610,904 2, 488, 345, 579 1,955,551,332 369,082,091 411,139,681 1,124,092,051 960,811,857 7,369,513,692 107,590,803 1,871,830,872 1,649,882,380 315, 106, 150 326,752,878 907, 626, 439 748,670,855 5, 483, 660, 745 3,974,290 46, 108, 600 30,763,140 5,371,452 4,941,944 10,081,852 3,997,047 31,329,814 2,692,829 36,886,048 21,896,063 4,043,977 2,486,813 6,620,257 1,576,285 20,380,294 3.2 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.2 0.9 0.4 0.4 2 4 Pennsylvania 1 3 Massacliusetts 7 Ohio 2 All other states ... 4 Table CXCVII.— HOSIERY AND KNIT GOODS— SPECIALIZATION OF CITIES: 1905 AND 1900. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.] United States Little FaUs, N. Y.i Cohoes, N. Y - . - Amsterdam, N. Y Utica.N. Y Bocldord, 111 Reading, Pa Lowell, Mass Philadelphia, Pa Brooklyn borough, N. Y All other cities and outside of cities VALUE OF PRODUCTS. All industries. 1905 $14,802,147,087 4,471,080 10,289,822 15,007,276 22,880,317 16; 276, 129 30,848,175 46,879,212 591,388,078 373,462,930 13,691,644,068 $11,411,121,122 4,070,596 11,031,169 10,643,310 16, 479, .327 11,021,650 32,682,061 41,202,984 519,981,812 313,617,489 1, 450, 390, 824 Hosiery and knit goods. 1905 $136,558,139 547,676 126,873 677,022 261,166 133,078 540, 105 816,964 770, 873 132, 470 561,912 $95, 482, 566 303, 690 026, 374 944, 785 514, 073 640, 066 326, 397 148, HO 040, 905 112,510 525, 666 PER CENT WHICH HOSIERY AND KNI T GOODS FORMS OF ALL INDUSTRIES. 1905 0.1 67.0 40.1 31.2 23.0 14.0 8.2 8.1 2.7 1.1 0.7 1900 0.1 56.6 45.6 37.1 1.5.3 14.0 4.1 7.6 2.5 0.7 0.6 1 Less than 20,000 population in 1900. The manufacture of hosiery and knit goods in the United States has made rapid strides during the last fifty-five years. In 1850 only 85 establishments were reported, with a value of product of $1,028,102. At the census of 1905 the number of establishments had increased to 1,079 and the value of products to $136,558,139. In 1860, the first census to give the geo- graphic location, the total value of products was $7,280,606, of which $4,847,984 was produced in the Middle states and $2,374,242 in New England, leaving only $58,380 for the balance of the country. The two divisions named still retam their relative ranks, but since 1900 the industry has found favor in other states and is now more widely distributed. New York and Pennsylvania, however, produced 56.3 per cent of the value of products for the entire country in 1905 while each of the states shown in Table cxciv reported an increased value of products in 1905 when compared with 1900, New York, Pennsylvania, and Connecticut were the only ones which lost in relative importance. LOCALIZATION OF INDUSTRIES. ccxlv Of the cities shown in Table cxcv , Philadelphia ranked first with a product at the census of 1905 of $15,770,873, or 11.5 per cent of the total for the industry. The localization for the remaining cities is not so marked, ranging from 3.9 in Utica, N. Y., to 1.6 in Rockford, Illinois. According to Table cxcvi, the highest specialization of the industry was in New Hampshire, where the prod- ucts of hosiery and knit goods comprised 3.2 per cent of the total manufactures at the census of 1905 and 2.4 per cent in 1900, making a gain of eight-tenths of 1 per cent, the largest increase shown in the table. With the exception of Ohio the importance of the industry in each state at the census of 1905 was equal to or greater than the ratio of all hosiery and knit goods to all in- dustries in the United States. Iii relation to other industries in cities hosiery and knit goods formed the greatest percentage in Little Falls, N. Y., where it represented 57 per cent of the value of all manufactured products in 1905, an in- crease of four-tenths of 1 per cent over 1900. Cohoes, in the same state, ranks second as a specialized center, hosiery and knit goods forming 40.1 per cent of the total for all industries. An examination of the four tables shows that while the industry is becoming more widely distributed, it is still largely localized in New York and Pennsylvania, and highly specialized in certain cities of these states. Iron and steel. — Tables cxcvm to cci show the local- ization of the iron and steel industry by states and cities and the specialization of states and cities. The statis- tics are a combination of those for the two branches of the industry — blast furnaces, and steel works and roll- ing mills. Table CXCVIII.— IKON AND STEEL— LOCALIZATION BY STATES; 1905, 1900, AND 1890. United States Pennsylvania Oliio Illinois Alabama New Jersey West Virginia All other states VALUE OF PRODUCTS. 8905, 787, 733 471,228,844 152, 859, 124 87, 352, 761 24, 687, 359 23, 667, 483 0) 145,992,162 1900 1803,968,273 434, 446, 200 138,935,256 60,303,144 17,392,483 24,381,699 16,614,212 111,996,279 8430,954,348 248, 809, 071 57, 134, 110 37, 173, 406 12,544,227 8, 139, 321 7,490,934 59,663,280 PER CENT OF TOTAL. 100.0 52.0 16.9 9.7 2.7 2.6 16.1 1900 100.0 54.0 17.3 7.5 2.2 3.0 2.1 13.9 1890 100.0 67.7 13.3 8.8 2.9 1.9 1.7 13.9 1 The combined statistics can not be shown. Table CXCIX.— IRON AND STEEL— LOCALIZATION BY CITIES: 1905 AND 1900. [Cities of 20,000 population ana over in 1900.J United States Pittsburg, Pa Cliicago and Joliet, 111 youngstown, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio All other cities and outside of cities VALUE OF PRODUCTS. 1905 $906,787,733 88,250,805 66,376,502 40, 175, 654 38,398,122 672,586,6.50 1900 $803,968,273 90,798,086 46,000,264 28,203,856 24,276,197 615,689,870 PER CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 1900 100.0 9.7 7.3 4.4 4.3 74.3 100.0 H.3 5.6 3.5 3.0 76.6 Table CO.— IRON AND STEEI^SPECIALIZATION OF STATES: 1905 AND 1900. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PER CENT WHICH IRON AND STEEL STATE. All industries. Iron and steel. FORMS OF ALL INDUSTRIES. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 TTnif P(i States 514,802,147,087 Sll, 411, 121, 122 8906,787,733 8803,968,273 6.1 7.0 1,965,551,332 109,169,922 960,811,867 1,410,342,129 774,369,026 99,040,676 9,492,862,146 1,649,882,380 72, 109, 929 748,670,856 1,120,868,308 553,005,684 67,006,822 7,199,677,144 471,228,844 24,687,359 162,859,124 87,352,761 23,667,483 (') 145,992,162 434,446,200 17,392,483 138,935,256 60,303,144 24,381,699 16,514,212 111,996,279 24.1 22.6 16.9 6.2 3.1 26.3 24.1 18.6 Tllinni'5 6.4 4.4 24.6 1.5 1.6 'Not reported separately. ccxlvi MANUFACTURES. Table CCI.— IRON AND STEEL— SPECIALIZATION OF CITIES: 1905 AND 1900. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.] VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PEE CENT WHICH IRON AND STEEL CITY. All industries. Iron and steel. rOKMS OF ALL INDUSTRIES. 1905 1900 1905 1900 S803, 968, 273 1905 1900 United States $14,802,147,087 $11,411,121,122 J905,787,733 6.1 7.0 Youngstown, Ohio 48,126,886 165,428,881 172,115,101 988, 824, 977 13,427,651,243 33,908,459 165,002,687 126,156,839 824,010,766 10,262,042,371 40, 176, 654 88,250,805 38,398,122 66, 376, 602 672,586,650 28,203,856 90,798,086 24,276,197 45, 000, 264 616,689,870 83.5 53.3 22.3 6.7 5.0 83.2 Pittsburg, Pa 55.0 Cleveland, Ohio. 19.2 Chicago and Joliet, 111 All other cities and outside of cities 6.5 6 Table cxcviii indicates that the locahzation of the industry by states has not changed materially since the census of 1900. Pennsylvania has maintained its overwhelming supremacj^, although its proportion of the total for the United States has decreased slightly. The changes in the proportions of the whole for the other states, shown in Table ccviii, are slight. The great factors in determining localization in this indus- try are an abundant supply of good fuel and a favor- able situation in relation to the iron ore mines. These conditions are present in each of the states and cities shown in the tables. The statistics for several impor- tant centers of the industry have not been presented, for it is impossible to give them without disclosing the operations of individual establishments. For the same reason the figures for Chicago and Joliet, 111., have been combined. In the cities omitted the manu- facture of iron and steel is practically the sole industry. Some of these cities are Johnstown, McKeesport, New- castle, Sharon, South Bethlehem, and Steelton, Pa. Pittsburg, Pa., held first place in the industry at both censuses, although there was a decrease in the value of products and in its percentage of the total for the industry in 1905 as compared with 1900. This de- crease, it is believed, was only temporary in character, and was caused by a depressed condition of the iron and steel trade during the greater part of 1904. Tables cc and cci indicate the degree of speciali- zation in the states and cities, by showing the value of iron and steel manufactured in comparison with the value of products for all industries. Jewelry. — The localization and specialization of this industry in certain states and cities is shown in Tables ecu to ccv. Table CCIL— JEWELRY— LOCALIZATION BY STATES: 1905, 1900, AND 1890. United States Ehode Island New Yorli Massachusetts New Jersey California All other states VALUE OF PRODUCTS. 1905 S63,226,681 14,431,756 12,356,865 10,073,695 9, 303, 646 1,446,828 5,612,991 $46, 128, 669 13, 229, 313 10,244,624 10, 299, 844 7,377,147 692. 694 4,285,137 1890 $34,761,468 8,011,067 7.385,139 6,507,415 4,724,500 1,523,971 7, 609, 366 PER CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 1900 100.0 27.1 23.2 18.9 17.6 2.7 10.6 100.0 22.2 22.3 16.0 1.5 9.3 1890 100.0 23.0 21.3 1.5.8 13.6 4.4 21.9 Table CCIIL— JEWELRY— LOCALIZATION BY CITIES: 1905, ]900, AND 1890. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.) VALUE OF PRODUCTS. United States Providence, R.I Manhattan and Bronx boroughs, N. Y ^ Newark, N.J Attleboro, Mass.' Chicago, 111 San Francisco, Cal All other cities and outside of cities , ' Less than 20,000 populatioi in 1900. 1905 $63, 225, 681 14,317,060 11,263,179 9,268,095 5, 544, 285 1,746,876 1,263,603 9,843,694 $46, 128, 059 12,627,817 9,172,849 7, .364, 247 5,700,177. 1,601,308 631,394 9,030,867 1890 $34,761,468 7, 801, no:! 6,646,7:34 4, 631, 600 873,000 1,512,671 14,296,650 PER CENT OF TOTAL. 190S I 1900 1890 '' Not reported separately. 100.0 26.9 21.1 17.4 10.4 3.3 2.4 18.6 100.0 27.4 19.9 16.9 12.3 3.5 1.4 19.6 100.0 22.4 16.3 13.3 2.5 4.4 41.1 LOCALIZATION OF INDUSTRIES. Table (X'IV.— JEWELRY— SPECIALIZATION OF STATES: 1905 AND 1900. ccxlvii United States Hhode Island New Jersey Massachusetts New York California All other states VALUE OF PBODUCTS. All industries. ,SM.S02,147, 20->,109,583 774,369,025 1,124,092,051 2,488,345,679 367,218,494 9, 846, 012, 355 $11,411,121,122 16S, 550, 382 553,005,684 907,626,439 1,871,830,872 257,385,521 7,655,722,224 Jewelry. $53,225,681 14,431,756 9,303,646 10, 073, .595 12,356,865 1,446,828 5,612,991 1900 $46, 128, 659 13, 229, 313 7,377,147 10,299,844 10,244,624 692, 594 4,285,337 PEE CENT WHICH JEWELKY FOEMS flF ALL INDtrS- TEIES. 1905 0.4 7.1 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.1 1900 8.0 1.3 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.1 Table COV.— JEWELRY— SPECIALIZATION OF CITIES: 1905 AND 1900. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.] VALUE OF PEODUCTS. PEE CENT WHICH JEWELRY FOEMS CITY. All industries. Jewelry. OF ALL INDUS- THIES. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 $14,802,147,087 $11, 411, 121, 122 $53,225,681 $46,128,659 0.4 0.4 10,0.50,384 91,980,963 150,055,227 1,043,251,923 137,788,233 955,036,277 12,413,984,080 8,751,427 78,657,103 112,728,045 810,807,975 107, 023, .567 797,879,141 9,495,273,864 5,544,285 14,317,050 9,258,095 11,253,179 1,263,503 1,745.875 9.843,694 5,700,177 12,627,817 7,364,247 9, 172, 849 631,394 1,601,308 9,030,867 55.2 1.5.6 6. 2' 1.1 0.9 0.2 0.1 65.1 Providence, R. I .... 16 1 6.5 Manhattan and Bronx boroughs, N. Y . . 1 1 0.6 Chicaero 111 2 All other cities and outside of cities 0.1 1 Less than 20,000 population in 1900. According to Table ecu, the manufacture is con- fined largely to the states of Rhode Island, New York, Massachusetts, and New Jersey. The combined value of products for the 4 states represented 73.7 per cent of the total product for the United States in 1890, 89.2 per cent in 1900, and 86.7 per cent in 1905. While the concentration in these states increased be- tween 1890 and 1900 it has decreased from 1900 to 1905. The jewelry manufactured in Illinois is pro- duced almost entirely by Chicago manufacturers, but this state has not as yet assumed large proportions in the industry compared with the states shown sepa- rately in Table ecu. In 1900 the jewelry product of Chicago represented only 3.5 per cent of the total for the United States, and it had decreased to 3.3 per cent at the census of 1905. The value of product is not always a true index of the magnitude of an industry in different localities, especially such an industry as jewelry, where a marked refinement in the class of goods manufactured may be made by certain cities. This was referred to in the report of the Twelfth Cen- sus as follows: * * * It will be readily seen, however, that even this is a defective unit of measure in so far as the materials used in an indus- try in one section are more expensive than those used in the same industry in another section. For example, a comparison based on this unit of measure makes a discrimination against Massachusetts as compared with New Yorli state in the jewelry industry, due partly to the more expensive materials used and goods produced in the latter state. The number of wage-earners in this industry in Massachusetts is nearly double the number shown for New York state, but the value of products is about the same.^ That the jewelry industry is localized closely in a few urban centers is shown clearly by a comparison of Tables ecu and cciii. Of the total for Rhode Island in 1905, $14,431,756, Providence produced $14,317,050. Newark, N. J., produced $9,258,095 of the state total of $9,303,646, and Manhattan and Bronx boroughs produced $11,253,179 of the $12,356,865 for the entire state of New York. Table cciv does not show a very high degree of specialization of the industry in states, Rhode Island being the most prominent, with the value of jewelry forming 7.1 per cent of the total value of all products for the state. Among the cities a Yerj marked speciali- zation is found in Attleboro, Mass. The value of jew- elry constituted over one-half of the value of produc- tion for all industries in this city at the census of 1905. Providence, R. I., ranked second in this respect, with jewelry forming 15.6 per cent of all the products. The jewelry industry appears to be keeping pace with other manufactures in San Francisco, Cal., while the other cities shown in Table ccv have remained stationary or show a decreased proportion of jewelry to all manu- factures in 1905 as compared with 1900. 1 Twelfth (Census, Manufactures, Part I, page cxc. ccxlviii MANUFACTURES. Leather gloves and mittens. — Tables ccvi to ccix present statistics showing the localization and speciali- zation of the industry, by states and cities. Table CCNl.^Leather gloves and mittens — localization by states: 1905 and 1900. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PEE CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 1900 190.5 1900 817,740,385 $16,721,234 100.0 100.0 New York 9,946,443 2,208,706 1,690,804 910,696 2,983,837 10,854,221 507,496 2,464,252 920,624 1,984,642 56.1 12.5 9.5 6.1 16.8 64.9 3.0 14.7 5.5 All other states 11.9 Table CCVII. — Leather gloves and mittens — localization by cities: 1905 and 1900. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.] VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PEE CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 1900 1905 1900 United States 817,740,385 816,721,234 100.0 100.0 Gloversville, N. Y." 6,302,196 2, ,681, 274 1,611,086 1,207,633 7,138,196 6,487,227 2,576,048 2,209,529 252, 182 5,196,248 29.9 14.6 8.5 6.8 40.2 38.8 15.4 Cliicago, 111 13.2 Milwaukee, Wis 1.5 All other cities and outside of 31.1 1 Less than 20,000 population in 1900. Table CCVIII.— LEATHER GLOVES AND MITTENS— SPECIALIZATION OP STATES: 1905 AND 1900. VALUE or PRODUCTS. PEE CENT WHICH LEATHEB GLOVES STATE. All industries. Leather gloves and mittens. AND MITTENS FOEMS OF ALL IN- DUSTRIES. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 United States . ... 814,802,147,087 $11, 411, 121, 122 $17,740,385 816,721,234 0.1 0.1 411,139,681 2,488,345,579 367,218,494 1,410,342,129 10,126,101,204 326,752,878 1,871,830,872 267, 385, 621 1,120,868,308 7,834,283,543 2,208,705 9,946,443 910, 596 1,690,804 2,983,837 507, 496 10,854,221 920,624 2,464,252 1,984,642 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0) 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.2 (') ^ Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Table CCIX.— LEATHER GLOVES AND MITTENS— SPECIALIZATION OF CITIES! 1905 AND 1900. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.] VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PER CENT WHICH LEATHER GLOVES CITT^ All industries. Leather gloves and mittens. AND MITTENS FOEMS OF ALL IN- DUSTRIES. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 United States 814,802,147,087 $11, 411, 121, 122 $17,740,385 $16,721,234 0.1 1 Gloversville, N. Y.i 9,340,763 4,543,272 138,881,546 965,036,277 13,694,345,230 9,070,520 5, 123, 370 110,854,102 797,879,141 10,488,193,989 5,302,196 2,681,274 1,207,633 1,511,086 7,138,196 6,487,227 2,576,048 252, 182 2,209,529 6,196,248 56.8 66.8 0.9 0.2 0.1 71.5 60.3 Milwaukee Wis 2 Chicaeo 111 3 (=) 1 Less than 20,000 population in 1900. The statistics of leather gloves and mittens were not reported separately at the census of 1890. Compari- sons are therefore limited to the census years 1905 and 1900. There was a decrease in relative importance in the industry for each state shown in Table ccvi, ex- cept Wisconsin, which gained 9.5 per cent at the census of 1905 over that of 1900. The greatest localization, however, was in New York, which produced 56.1 per cent of the total value in 1905 and 64.9 per cent in 1900. New York and Wisconsin combined reported 68.6 per cent of the total product for the industry in the United States in 1905. That there is a decided tendency toward a wider distribution of the industry appears from the statistics shown in Tables ccvi and covii. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The industry was first established in the locality of Gloversville and Johnstown, N. Y., which remained practically the only important manufacturing center up to about 1900. The increasing demand for leather gloves and mittens in the Western states created a promising field for the establishment of plants. Chi- cago engaged in the industry quite extensively between the censuses of 1890 and 1900. The industry, how- ever, does not appear to have prospered there, as the value of production decreased from $2,209,529 in 1900 to $1,511,086 in 1905. Milwaukee, Wis., and the state of Wisconsin increased in value of production over fourfold between 1900 and 1905. The immense quan- tities of tanned and finished leather produced in Mil- waukee, which ranked as the second city in this indus- LOCALIZATION OF INDUSTRIES. ccxlix try in 1905, lias evidently attracted many manufac- turers of leather gloves and mittens to the city, which now bids fair to become an important western center of production. The specialization of the industry by states is not very marked, as is readily seen from Table ccviii. Table ccix, however, shows that the cities of Glov- ersville and Johnstown, N. Y., are still largely given over to the manufacture of leather gloves and mittens. Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. — The local- ization of the industry iu selected states and cities at the censuses of 1890, 1900, and 1905 and the special- ization in those states and cities at the censuses of 1900 and 1905 are shown in Tables ccx to ccxiii, inclusive. Table OCX.— LEATHER, TANNED, CURRIED, AND FINISHED— LOCALIZATION BY STATES: 1905, 1900, AND 1890. United States Pennsylvania Massactiusetts Wisconsin New Jersey Delaware Micliigan California All other states VALUE or PRODUCTS. 1905 8252,620,986 69,427,852 33,352,999 25,846,123 21,495,329 10,260,842 9, 340, 349 8,072,257 74,836,236 1900 S204, 038, 127 1890 616,009 067,714 074, 373 747, 165 400,504 015, 590 406,981 711,801 $172,136,092 931,716 044, 815 161,850 069, 467 106, 894 743,760 729,278 348, 312 PER CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 100.0 27.5 13.2 10.2 8.5 4.1 3.7 3.2 29.6 27.3 12.8 9.8 6.7 4.6 3.0 3.6 32.2 1890 100.0 29.0 16.3 6.5 6.4 2.4 1.0 3.3 35.1 Table CCXL— LEATHER, TANNED, CURRIED, AND FINISHED— LOCALIZATION BY CITIES: 1905, 1900, AND 1890. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.] United States Philadelphia, Pa Milwaukee, Wis Newarls, N.J Wilmington, Del Chicago, 111 Peabody, Mass.i Camden, N. J All other cities and outside of cities VALUE OF PRODUCTS. $252,620,986 23, 14, 13, 10 9 7; 6, 167, 903, 239 074, 397 577,719 250,842 420,426 919, 370 364,928 110, 065 1900 $204,038,127 18,187,231 10,267,835 10,857,192 9,379,604 6,979,289 4, 460, 738 1,515,935 142, 390, 403 1890 $172,136,092 12,682,297 8,429,814 8, 309, 667 4,015,694 7,395,371 131,303,249 PER CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 1900 1890 9.5 5.6 5.4 4.0 3.7 3.1 2.5 66.2 100.0 8.9 5.0 5.3 4.6 3.4 2.2 0.8 69.8 7.4 4.9 2.3 4.3 76.3 1 Less than 20,000 population in 1900. 2 Not reported separately. Table CCXIL— LEATHER, TANNED, CURRIED, AND FINISHED— SPECIALIZATION OP STATES: 1905 AND 1900. United States Delaware Wisconsin Pennsylvania Massachusetts New Jersey Michigan California All other states VALUE OF PRODUCTS. All industries. 1905 $14,802,147,087 41,160,276 411, 139, 681 1,965,551,3.32 1,124,092,061 774,369,026 429, 120, 060 367,218,494 9, 699, 496, 168 1900 $11,411,121,122 41,321,061 326, 7,52, 878 1,649,882,380 907, 626, 439 653,005,684 319,691,856 267,386,621 7,355,466,303 Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. 1905 $262,620,986 $204,038,127 10, 250, 842 26, 845, 123 69,427,852 33,362,999 21,495,329 9,340,349 8, 072, 257 74, 836, 235 400,604 074,373 615,009 067,714 747, 165 015, 590 405, 981 711, 801 PEE CENT WHICH LEATHEE,TANNED, CUREIED, AND FIN- ISHED FORMS OF ALL INDUSTRIES. 1905 1.7 24.9 6.3 3.6 3.0 2.8 2.2 2.2 0.8 1.8 22.7 6.1 3.4 2.9 2.5 1.9 2.9 0.9 cc MANUFACTURES. TABLi: OCXIII.— LEATHER, TANNED, CURRIED, AND FINISHED— SPECIALIZATION OF CITIES: 1905 AND 1900. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.] United States Peabody, Mass.^ Wilmington, Del Camden, N.J Milwaukee, Wis Newark, N. J Philadelphia, Pa Chicago, 111 All other cities and outside of cities VALUE OF PRODUCTS. All industries. 1905 814,802,147,087 10,236,669 30, 390, 039 33,587,273 138,881,546 150, 055, 227 591,388,078 955, 036, 277 12,892,571,979 1900 Sll. 411, 121, 122 6,943,736 30, 586, 810 17, 969, 954 110,854,102 112,728,045 519,981,812 797.879,141 9, 814; 177, 522 Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. 1905 S252, 620, 986 7, lo: 6. 14, is: 23! 9. 16?: 919, 370 250, 842 364, 928 074, 397 577,719 903, 239 420,426 110, 065 1900 S204, 038, 127 1, 10, 10, 18, 6, 142, 460, 738 379, 504 515,935 267,835 857, 1^2 187,231 979, 289 390. 403 PER CENT WHICH LEATHEB.TANNED, CURRIED, AND FIN- ISHED FORMS OF ALL INDUSTRIES. 1905 1.7 77.4 33.7 19.0 10.1 9.0 4.0 1.0 1.3 1900 04.2 30.7 8.4 9.3 9.6 3.5 0.9 1.5 I Less than 20,000 population in 1900. At each of the three census periods presented in Table ccx the greatest concentration is shown for Pennsylvania. The product for the state amounted to more than one-fourth of the total for the United States. Massachusetts was second and Wisconsin third at each census. The value of the products of the 3 states formed 50.9 per cent of the total value for the United States in 1905, 49.9 per cent in 1900, and 51.8 per cent in 1890. The value of the leather manufactured in Phila- delphia exceeded that of any other city, and its propor- tion of the total value of .leather increased from 7.4 per cent in 1890 to 9.5 per cent in 1905. The com- bined value of product for the first six cities shown in Table ccxi amounted to 31.3 per cent of the total product of the industry in 1905, 29.4 per cent in 1900, and 23.7 per cent in 1890. A comparison of Tables ccx and ccxi shows that, although Massachusetts was the second state at the census of 1905 in value of product, Peabody, the city showing the largest value in the state, was sixth among the cities. While Wisconsin was third among the states, Milwaukee was the second city in the value of products in the industry. Although Illinois does not appear in the table, Chicago wd,s fifth in importance among the cities engaged in the industry. From Tables ccxii and ccxiii it appears that the proportion which the leather industry formed of all industries was greatest for the state of Delaware and the city of Peabody, Massachusetts. The value of the leather manufactured in Delaware was 22.7 and 24.9 per cent in 1900 and 1905, respec- tively, of the total value of manufactures for the state, and the corresponding percentages for Peabody were 64.2 and 77.4. An increase of $666,276 in value of product is shown for California, but the relative importance of the leather industry in the state decreased seven-tenths of 1 per cent. In Delaware the leather industry showed an increase, in value of products, of $850,338 and in- increased its relative importance by 2.2 per cent. The growth in Delaware during the five years between the censuses of 1900 and 1905 was considerably less in proportion than that shown for the industry during the decade endmg in 1900. A striking feature of the industry, as indicated by the statistics, is its increasing relative importance in the cities. This is caused probably by the increased production of the finer leathers, most of which are made in cities. Pottery, terra cotta, and fire clay products. — The localization and specialization of the industry in cer- tain states and cities are shown in Tables ccxiv to ccxvii. Table CCXIV.— POTTERY, TERRA COTTA, AND FIRE CLAY PRODUCTS— LOCALIZATION BY STATES; 1905, 1900 AND 1890. United States Ohio New Jersey Pennsylvania New York Illinois Missouri All other states VALUE OF PRODUCTS. 1905 S64, 200, 792 18,550,840 11,717,103 10,759,272 3,288,891 3,256,312 3,083,406 13,544,968 1900 S44, 263, 386 11,851,225 8,940,723 8, 127, 429 2,389,449 2, 143, 521 1,662,150 9,148,889 1S90 .?22,057,090 5,047,601 5, 165; 537 1,739,953 2, 122, 744 1,556,690 1,278,713 5,146,052 PER CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 1900 100.0 28.9 18.2 16.8 5.1 5.1 4.8 21.1 100.0 26.8 20.2 18.4 6.4 4.8 3.7 20.7 100.0 22.9 23.4 7.9 9.6 7.1 5.8 23.3 LOCALIZATION OF INDUSTRIES. ccli Table CCXV.— POTTERY, TERRA GOTTA, AND FIRE CLAY PRODUCTS— LOCALIZATION BY CITIES; 1905, 1900, AND 1890. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900 .] United States. Trenton, N. J East Liverpool, Ohio i St. Louis. Mo Akron, Ohio Perth Amboy, N. J^ Zanesville, Ohio All other cities and outside of citit VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PER CENT OF TOTAL. $64,200,792 5, 882, 701 6, 373, 852 2,316,236 1,718,033 1, 439, 138 1,144,384 46, 326, 448 1900 S44, 263, 386 4, 786. 142 4, 106, 200 1,267,572 867, 116 812, 188 1, 245, 262 31,190,906 J22,057,090 4,631,202 899, 855 687,850 362, 822 16,575,361 1905 1900 [ 100. 100.0 9.2 10.8 8.4 9.3 .3.6 2.8 2.7 2.0 2.2 1.8 1.8 2.8 72.1 70.5 1890 100.0 4.1 2.7 1.6 70.6 ' Less than 20.000 population in 1900. 2 Not' reported separately. Table CCXVL— POTTERY, TERRA COTTA, AXD FIRE CLAY PRODUCTS— SPECIALIZATION OF STATES: 1905 AND 1900. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PER CENT WHICH POTTERY, TERRA STATE. All industries. Pottery, 'terra cotta, and fire clay products. COTTA, AND FIRE CLAY PRODUCTS FORMS OF ALL INDUSTRIES. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 United States $14,802,147,087 $11,411,121,122 $64,200,792 $44,263,386 0.4 0.4 Ohio 960,811,867 774, 369, 025 439,548,957 1,956,651,332 1,410,342,129 2,488,345,579 6, 773, 178, 208 748, 670, 855 653,005,684 316,304,095 1,649,882,380 1,120,868,308 1,871,830,872 5,150,568,928 18,550,840 11,717,103 3,083,406 10,759,272 3,256,312 3,288,891 13,644,968 11,861,225 8,940,723 1,662,150 8, 127, 429 2,143,521 2,389,449 9,148,889 1.9 L5 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 1.6 1.6 0.5 0.6 0.2 New York 0.1 0.2 Table CCXVIL— POTTERY, TERRA COTTA, AND FIRE CLAY PRODUCTS— SPECIALIZATION OF CITIES: 1905 AND 1900. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PER CENT WHICH POTTERY, TERRA CITY. All industries. Pottery, terra cotta, and fire clay products. COTTA, AND FIRE CLAY PRODUCTS FORMS OF ALL INDUSTRIES 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 United States . $14,802,147,087 $11,411,121,122 $64,200,792 $44,263,386 0.4 0.4 6, 437, 090 32,719,945 7,047,637 34,004,243 34,800,402 267,307,038 14,419,830,732 4,749,165 28,468,068 5,708,137 22,015,643 14,061,072 193,732,788 11,142,396,249 5, 373, 852 5,882,701 1, 144, 384 1,718,033 1,439,138 2,316,236 46,326,448 4,105,200 4,785,142 1, 245, 262 867, 116 812,188 1,257,672 31,190,906 83.5 18.0 16.2 6.1 4.1 0.9 0.3 86.4 16.8 21.8 3.9 Perth Amboy N J 1 - . 5.8 0.6 All other cities and outside of cities 0.3 > Less than 20,000 population in 1900. A marked localization of the industry increasing with each census is shown for Ohio, while consider- able concentration is shown for New Jersey and Pennsylvania. In 1905 the three states reported 63.9 per cent of the total value of products for the industry. In the decade ending in 1900 Pennsylvania shows the greatest percentage of gain and the industry continued to increase during the succeeding five years, but the proportion which the value of products of the state formed of the total products was greater in 1900 than in 1905. Trenton, N. J., shows a slightly decreased propor- tion of the product, but in 1905 as in 1900 it was the first city in this industry in value of products. East Liverpool, Ohio, followed closely in 1905 with a product of $5,373,852, or 8.4 per cent of the total for the industry. From Table ccxvi it appears that in 1900 the great- est specialization of the industry is shown in the states of Ohio and New Jersey where the value of products for this industry in each state constituted 1.6 per cent of the total value of all products. In 1905 Ohio led in this respect with 1.9 per cent and New Jersey stood second with 1.5 per cent of the to*al production. A remarkable specialization of the industry is shown for East' Liverpool, Ohio; although the pro- portion was less in 1905 than in 1900, the value for this industry in 1905 formed 83.5 per cent of the total for all industries in the city. A decided speciali- zation, though not nearly so marked, is shown for Trenton, N. J. and Zanesville, Ohio, for which cities the industry formed IS per cent and 16.2 per cent, respectively, of the total value of product for all industries. cclii MANUFACTURES. Silk and silk goods. — Tables ooxviii to ooxxi show the locahzation of the manufacture of silk and silk goods and the specialization of states and cities in the industry. Table CCXVIII.— SILK AND SILK GOODS— LOCALIZATION BY STATES: 1905, 1900, AND 1890. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PER CENT OF TOTAL. STATE. 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 $133,288,072 18107,256,268 887,298,464 i 100, 100.0 100.0 42 862 907 39,333,-520 20,181,212 15,623,693 7,012,062 8,274,678 39,966,662 31,072,926 12, 706, 246 12,378,981 5,967,632 5,173,911 30,760,371 19,357,546 19,417,796 9,788,961 5,567,669 2,416,221 32.2 1 29.5 15.1 11.7 5.3 6.2 37.3 29.0 11.8 11.6 6.6 4.8 36.2 22.2 22.2 11.2 6,4 All Other states 2.8 Table CCXIX.— SILK AND SILK GOODS— LOCALIZATION BY CITIES: ]90.i, 1900, AND 1890. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.] United States Pateraon, N. J Manhattan and Bronx boroughs, N. Y Philadelpliia, Pa Scranton, Pa West Hobolcen, N. J Allentown, Pa Brooldyn borough, N. Y Easton, Pa York, Pa Jersey City, N. J Wilkesbarre, Pa All other cities and outside of cities. . . VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PER CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 8133,288,072 433, 246 887, 214 079, 193 426,636 211, o;8 901,249 741,959 290, 598 692, 480 466, 753 054, 863 103, 865 8107,256,258 26, 006, 156 6,767,544 4,531,794 3, 616, 885 3,961,054 3,467,792 1,042,199 1,274,550 56,598,284 1890 887,298,454 22, 068, 624 13,579,462 8,059,604 2,055,200 O 1,694,342 1,049,475 1,066,000 (■) 37, 735, 747 1905 1900 1890 100.0 19.: 5.1 3.f 1 Not reported separately. Table CCXX.— SILK AND SILK GOODS— SPECIALIZATION OF STATES: 1905 AND" 1900. 100.0 24.2 6.3 4.2 3.4 3.7 3.2 LO 100,0 25.3 15.6 9.2 2.4 1.9 1.2 1.2 "43.' 2 VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PEE CENT WHICH SILK AND SILK STATE. All industries. Silk and silk goods. GOODS FORMS OF ALL INDUSTRIES. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 814, 802, 147, 087 811, 411, 121, 122 8133,288,072 8107,256,268 0.9 0.9 774,369,025 369,082,091 1,955,551,332 2,488,346,679 1,124,092,051 8,090,707,009 653, 005, 684 315, 106, 160 1,649,882,380 1,871,830,873 907,626,439 6, 113, 669, 697 42,862,907 15,623,693 39, 333, 520 20,181,212 7,012,062 8,274,678 39,966,662 12,378,981 31,072,926 12,706,246 6,957,532 6,173,911 5.6 4.2 2.0 0,8 0.6 0.1 7.2 Connecticut 3 9 1.9 7 7 Table (JCXXI.— SILK AND SILK GOODS— SPECIALIZATION OF CITIES: 1905 AND 1900. [Cities of 20,000 population and over m 1900.] United States West Hoboken, N. I Pateraon, N. J Easton, Pa Allentown, Pa Scranton, Pa York, Pa Wilkesbarre, Pa Jersey City, N. J Philadelphia, Pa Manhattan and Bronx boroughs, N. Y Brooklyn borough, N. Y AU other cities and outside of cities . . . VALUE OF PRODUCTS. All industries. 1905 814,802,147,087 5,947,267 54,673,083 6, 664, 594 16,966,550 20,453,285 14,268,696 11,240,893 75,740,934 591,388,078 1,043,261,923 373,402,930 12,689,108,854 .«1 1,411, 121, 122 4,769,436 48,502,044 5, 424, 668 14,990,437 24,741,837 10,559,780 8, 616, 765 72,929,690 519,981,812 810,807,975 313, 017, 489 9, 576, 179, 189 Silk and silk goods. 8133,288,072 4,211,018 26,433,246 2, 290, 598 3,901,249 4, 426, 636 1,692,480 1,054,863 1, 465, 753 5,079,193 7,887,214 2,741,959 73,103,865 1900 §107,256,258 3,961,054 26,006,156 (>) 3, 467, 792 3,616,886 0) (I) ■ 1,274,560 4,531,794 6,767,544 1,042,199 66, 698, 284 PER CENT WHICH SILK AND SILK GOODS FORMS OF ALL INDUSTRIES. 1905 0,9 70.8 46.5 40.5 23.0 21.6 11.9 9,4 1,9 0.9 0,8 0.7 0.6 1900 83.1 53.6 23.1 14.6 1.7 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.6 1 Not reported separately. LOCALIZATION OF INDUSTRIES ccliii The silk industry at the present census, as in 1900, is localized largely in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The localization in the former state appears to be in and adjacent to Paterson, and in the latter state in Philadelphia and certain eastern counties. The strongest three influences governing the localization of plants in this industry appear to be, in the first place, the availabiUty of a suppljr of operatives who are skilled in the vtuit)us processes of the manufac- ture, and who at the same time will work" for mod- erate wages, women and children forming a large proportion of these wage-earners; socoikHv, abundant power, either in the form of waterpower or cheap fuel; and thirdly, their proximity to the principal wholesale markets for the products. These conditions are present wholly or in part wherever the manufac- tvire of silk and silk goods is carried on to any extent. As indicated m Table ccxviii, while New Jersey still led iu the industry in 1905, its proportion of the whole is smaller than that at the census of 1900. The value of the products in this state increased only $2,896,245, while in Pennsylvania the increase amounted to $8,260,594, the proportion of the entire value of prod- uct for the United States manufactured in the latter state being 29.5 per cent and in New Jersey 32.2 per cent. It is evident, therefore, that Pennsylvania is maintaining its steady movement forward in the manufacture (if silk ])roducts. The industry is local- ized considerably in New York city and parts of Connecticut and Massachusetts- Table ccxix sliows that Paterson, N. J., remains, as it has been for many years, the leading city in the manufacture of silk. The growth of silk manufacture in several of the cities of eastern Pennsylvania, noted at the census of .1 !)lll), still continues. Tables ccxx and ccxxi show the degree of spe- cialization in states and cities by a comparison of the value of the silk manufactured with that of all manu- factured products. The most highly specialized city is West Hoboken, N. J., with 70.8 per cent of the total value of products representing silk manufacture. Paterson, N. J., Easton, Allentown, and Scranton, Pa., follow in respective order. SlaugJitering and meat ■paching. — In Tables ccxxii to ccxxv the two census classifications — "slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale," and "slaughtering, wholesale, not including meat packing" — have been combined, so that the localization and specialization is shown for the entire industry. In Nebraska at the census of 1905, there were but 2 establishments in one of the industries, and the combined value could not be given without disclosing mdividual operations. Table CCXXII.— SLAUGHTERING AND MEAT PACKING— LOCALIZATION BY STATES; 1905, 1900, AND 1890. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. PER CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 1900 i 1890 1905 1900 1890 3913.914,624 $783, 779, 191 3561,611,668 100.0 100.0 100.0 317,206,082 96,375,639 60,031,133 37,098,602 30,074,070 29,352,693 21,795,694 17, 626, 707 17,238,076 287,216,128 287,922,277 77,411,883 71,280,366 43,040,886 31,633,483 25,695,044 43,862,273 15,717,712 7,810,665 14,046,217 165, 358, 496 212,291,382 44,696,077 2 24,026,876 18,320,193 20, 221, 645 23, 426, 576 27,913,840 9,768,858 2,510,431 17, 813, 166 160,623,624 34 7 10.6 36.7 9.9 9.1 6.6 4 3.3 5.6 2.0 1.0 1.8 21.1 37.8 Kansas , 7.9 4.3 Missouri . . . . li.6 4.1 3.3 3.2 2.4 1.9 1.9 31.4 3.3 3.6 Iowa 4 2 5.0 1.7 0.4 3.2 28.6 1 Tlie combined statistics can not be shown. 2 One establishment reported as " slaughtering, wholesale, not including meat packing," included in all other states. Table CCXXIII.— SLAUGHTERING AND MEAT PACKING— LOCALIZATION BY CITIES: 1905, 1900, AND 1890. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.] United States. Chicago, 111 Kansas City, Kans South Omaha, Nebr Manhattan and Bronx boroughs, N. Y. Indianapolis, Ind St. Louis, Mo Buffalo, N.Y Milwauljee, Wis.< Cincinnati, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio San Francisco, Cal All other cities and outside of cities VALUE OF PRODUCTS. $913,914,624 S783, 779, 191 1890 S.561,611,668 PER CENT OF TOTAL. 1905 1900 1890 100.0 29.5 9.7 7.2 5.1 2.7 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.1 1.0 36.9 100.0 32.7 9.4 8.7 4 9 2.4 1.6 1.6 1.7 L3 1.0 1.3 33.6 100.0 36.3 7.1 9.0 1.1 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.0 1.2 37.0 1 Two establishments reported as ' ' slaughtering, wholesale, not including meat paclcing," included in all other cities and outside of cities. 2 One establishment reported as "slaughtering, wholesale, not including meat packing," included in all other cities and outside of cities, s Not reported separately. i Includes Cudahy, Wis., in 1905 and 1900. ccliv MANUFACTURES. Table CCXXIV.— SLAUGHTERING AND MEAT PACKING— SPECIALIZATION OF STATES; 1905 AND 1900. VALUE OF PEODUCTS. PEH CENT WHICH S L A U G H TEEING STATE. All industries. Slaugiitering and meat packing. AND MEAT PACK- ING FOEMS OP ALL INDtfSTEIES. 1905 1900 1905 ' 1900 1905 1900 United States $14,802,147,087 111, 411, 121, 122 S913, 914, 624 $783,779,191 6 2 6.9 198,244,992 164,918,220 1,410,342,129 160,572,313 439,548,957 393,954,405 367,218,494 307,858,073 1,124,092,051 774,369,026 9,471,028,428 154,008,544 130, 302, 453 1,120,868,308 132,870,865 316,304,095 337,071,630 257, 385, 521 223,692,922 907, 626, 439 653,005,684 7,277,984,661 96,376,639 (■) 317,206,082 30,074,070 60,031,133 29,352,693 21,795,694 17,526,707 37,098,502 17,238,076 287,216,128 77,411,883 71,280,366 287,922,277 25,695,044 43,040,885 43,862,273 15,717,712 7,810,565 31,633,483 14,046,217 165, 358. 496 48.6 50.3 54.7 22.5 18.7 13.7 7.5 6.9 5.7 3.3 2.2 3.0 25.7 19.3 13.6 13.0 California 6.1 3.5 3.5 2.5 2.3 1 Ttie combined statistics can not be shown. Table CCXXV.— SLAUGHTERING AND MEAT PACKING— SPECIALIZATION OF CITIES: 1905 AND 1900. [Cities of 20,000 population and over in 1900.] United States Soutli Omalia, Nebr Kansas City. Kans Indianapolis, Ind Ctiicago, 111 Buffalo, N. Y Cincinnati Ohio St. Louis, Mo San Francisco, Cal Cleveland, Ohio Manhattan and Bronx boroughs, N. Y All other cities and outside of cities VALUE OF PRODUCTS. All industries. 1905 $14,802,147,087 67, 415, 177 96,473,050 82,227,950 955,036,277 147,377,873 166,059,060 267,307,038 137, 788, 233 172, 116, 101 043,251,923 667, 095, 415 $11, 411, 121, 122 69,508,899 80,023,107 59, 322, 234 797,879,141 105,627,182 141,677,997 193,732,788 107,023,667 126, 156, 839 810,807,975 !, 919, 361, 393 Slaughtering and meat packing. 1905 $913,914,624 1 65, 630, 935 ^ 88, 446, 141 24,468,810 269,581,486 16, 136, 373 13, 446, 202 17, 485, 393 8,994,992 10,317,494 46,477,324 353,039,474 1900 $783,779,191 67,889,749 73,787,771 18,781,442 266,527,949 11,601,167 10,370,177 12,943,376 7,496,958 7,514,470 38, 762, 586 278,113.640 PER CENT ■WHICH SLAUGHTERING AND MEAT PACK- ING FORMS OF ALL INDUSTRIES. 6.2 97.2 91.7 29.7 28.2 10.9 8.1 6.5 6.5 6.0 4.6 3.0 1.9 97.7 92.2 31.7 32.2 11.0 7.3 6.7 9.3 6.0 4.8 3.1 1 One establishment reported as "slaughtering, wholesale, not including meat packing," included in all other cities and outside of cities. 2 Two establishments reported as "slaughtering, wholesale, not including meat packing," included in all other cities and outside of cities. Table ccxxii shows a decided localization of the industry in Illinois; this state alone has produced more than one-third of the value of products for the entire industry at each of the last three census periods. Kansas is the next largest producer of meat products. The proportion for this state has increased from 7.9 per cent in 1890 to 9.9 per cent in 1900, and to 10.5 per cent ia 1905. On the other hand, Illinois has lost some of its prestige, as shown by a decreasing percentage, since 1890. The combined value of products for these 2 states -aggregated 45.2 per cent of the total product for the United States at the census of 1905. The largest relative increase among the states of Table coxxii is shown for Missouri, which produced 3.3 per cent of the entire product in 1890, 5.5 per cent in 1900, and 6.6 per cent in 1905. Indiana shows a great falling off in production from 1900 to 1905 and also in relative position, due to the removal from the state of one of its largest meat packing plants. From Table ccxxiii it appears that Chicago, 111., is preeminently the leading slaughtering and meat pack- ing center. Although an actual increase is reported in the value of products for the city at each census period since 1890, it has been insufficient to overcome the increase in other localities, as revealed in the de- creasing relative percentages. With the exceptions of Chicago, 111., South Omaha, Nebr., San Francisco, Cal., and Milwaukee, including Cudahy, Wis., each city shows a slightly increased proportion in 1905 compared with 1900. This indicates a more general distribution of slaughtering and meat packing establislmaents than obtained formerly. The relation of slaughtering and meat pacldng to all industries in the leading states is shown in Table ccxxiv. The industry forms a considerable propor- tion of all industries in the states of Kansas, Nebraska, Illinois, Iowa, and Missouri. Kansas stands first in this respect at the census of 1905, with 48.6 per cent. In 1900 Nebraska held first place, and while the per- centage can not be given for 1905, it has dropped below that of Kansas because of 1 large establisliment being idle during the census year. South Omaha, Nebr., and Kansas City, Kans., are almost entirely engaged in the preparation and sale of meat products. The value of all other manufactured articles in 1905 formed only 2.8 per cent of the value LOCALIZATION OF INDUSTRIES cclv of all manufactured products in the former city and only 6.7 per cent in the latter. The industry is also important in Indianapolis, Ind., Buffalo, N. Y., and Cincinnati, Ohio. OTHER EXAMPLES OF LOCALIZATION. In addition to the examples of localization and spe- cialization presented in the foregoing tables, there are many other industries in the Unitetl States confined largely or almost entirely to certain localities hj natu- ral limitations or by other conditions essential to their success. It will suffice simply to mention these and to point out the controlling causes in each case. Refer- ence to the several volumes of the Census reports will enable those interested to obtain the statistics and more detailed information concerning the industries in which this feature of industrial development appears. The statistics for such industries are presented in detail in Table 5, pages 74 to 465 of this volume. Ammunition is manufactured principally in Connec- ticut, 77.2 per cent of the total product, according to value, having been manufactm-ed in that state during the census year 1905. The chief localizing cause in this industry appears to be the fact that the center of the brass and copper manufacturing industry of the country is also in Connecticut, and therefore, sheet brass and copper, the principal materials used in the manufacture of cartridges and shells for small arms, are immediately available. The fact that a large portion of the small arms — rifles, shotguns and revolvers — are made in the state explains in part the preeminence of Connecticut in the manufacture of ammunition. The plants as a rule, have been in operation there for many years, and this has resulted in the education and training of a sufficient supply of hands for the work. The estab- lishments, too, are large and have considerable money invested in plants and materials and appear to be fully equipped for supplying the demand, and these causes, with those before mentioned, have combined to give the industry, so far as the fixity of the location of the plants is concerned, an uncommon degree of stability. The production of beet sugar seems to be controlled absolutely" by the availability of a sufficient supply of sugar beets. At the census of 1905 beet sugar factories were in operation in the following states: California, Colorado, Idaho, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wiscc^nsin. The leading states in production are Colorado, Michigan, California, and Utah, in the order given. The factories are, without exception, located in the neighborhood of the sugar beet farms, where there is a sufficient supply of unskilled labor available for harvesting the beets. The manufacture of rubber boots and shoes in the United States is practically monopolized by New Eng- land, since nearly 90 per cent of the total value of prod- ucts for the United States was reported in 1905 as the value of these goods made in the 3 states, Massachu- setts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island, and from the commencement of the manuf a cture this preponderance MFG — PT 1—07 xvii has prevailed. This can be regarded as a compara- tively new industry, for it was impossible to manu- facture these and many other rubber articles with any success before the discovery of the vulcanizing process about 1844. As the industry was first established in New England and the trade controlled from that sec- tion, the plants being steadily enlarged to keep pace with the increasing demands of the market, the bulk of the product has continued to come from there. Most of the companies have very large investments of capital, and successful competition elsewhere would require similar outlays. It is probable, too, that from long experience, knowledge of certain secret processes has been acquired without which it would be useless to attempt to manufacture goods possessing the same qualities. The manufacture of brass goods in their various forms, shown in the Census reports under the classi- fications "brass and copper rolled," "brass castings and brass finishing," and "brassware," is and has been for many years, according to the statistics, an in- dustry controlled largely by Connecticut manufac- tiirers. The value of this class of goods in 1890 was $46,341,078 for the United States, and $22,309,894, or 48.1 per cent of the whole, for Connecticut; in 1900, $85,019,444 for the United States, and $48,526,868, or 57.1 per cent, for Connecticut; and in 1905, $99,083,837 for, the United States, and $53,916,445, or 54.4 per cent, for Connecticut. The industry in Connecticut is localized principally in Waterbury, Bridgeport, and Meriden; specialization of the manu- facture of certain brass goods being carried on to a marked degree in Waterbury and Bridgeport. The preeminence of Connecticut in this manufacture has resulted logically from the early establishment of the industry in the state. It has been long renowned as the home of the "Yankee notion." More clocks, bells, lamps, pins, hooks and eyes, eyelets, and similar articles, wholly or partly of brass, are made there than in any other state, and in some instances more than in all the other states combined. The leading position held by Connecticut in the manufacture of ammunition — an industry which calls for large quantities of sheet brass and copper — also goes far to explain the suprem- acy of the state in the industry under consideration. The manufacture of brass goods at an early date neces- sitated the establishment ol plants for producing sheet brass and brass wire, and thus these two branches of the industry have acted and reacted upon each other, an increase in one loquiring corresponding expansion in the other, until Connecticut has reached its present commanding status in the production of brass goods, a position which in all probabilit}' will be maintained for some time to come. The prominence of Waterbury, the principal seat of the industry, has been ascribed to the early establishment of the metal button business, which led to brass making on a large scale. The manufacture of clocks is another industry in cclvi MANUFACTURES. which Connecticut appears to be preeminent. The vakie of clocks manxifactured in the United States at this census is reported as $8,868,000, and the value for Connecticut as $6,158,034, or 69.3 per cent of the total. The statistics of prior censuses indicate a similar pre- eminence of the state in this manufacture, as follows: Census of 1900— United States, $7,157,856, Connecti- cut, $4,545,047, or 63.5 per cent; 1890— United States, $4,228,846; Connecticut, $3,117,186, or 73.7 per cent; 1880— United States, .$4,110,267; Connecticut, $3,016,717, or 73.4 per cent; 1870— United States, $2,509,643; Connecticut, $2,245,043, or 89.5 per cent; 1860— United States, $1,187,550; Connecticut, $1,085,250, or 91.4 per cent; 1850— United States, $1,181,500; Connecticut, $1,103,200, or 93.4 per cent. There is no decided localization of clock manufacture in any city of Connecticut, the factories being scattered through several counties of the state. Waterbury and New Haven each has an important factory which tmrns out a large proportion of the product. The localization in Connecticut of such a preponderating share of the manufactm-e of the clocks of the country, and its specialization in this line, is mainly to be attributed to the momentum necessarily gathered with the growth of an industry established early in the industrial life of the nation, and managed in a manner to insure success. The large scale on which clocks have for years been manvifactured in Connecticut has had its share in the upbuilding of the brass goods industry in which the state leads, and this branch of manufacture, by mak- ing immediately available the sheet and plate brass required so largely in the manufacture of clocks, has had in turn a stimulating effect upon that business. The location of plants in the canning industry is determined entirely by the availability of the raw materials, with but little reference to the nearness of the market. By reference to Table 5, pages 130.to 134 of this volume, it will be seen that over three-fourths of the value of the canned and preserved fish was reported from Alaska, Maine, Massachusetts, Oregon, and Washington. Practically all of the salmon canned in the United States is put up in Alaska, Washington, and Oregon. The sardine canneries on the coast of Maine reported over three-fourths of that product, the quantity canned in other states being inconsiderable in comparison. The preparation of smoked and salted fish is localized chiefl}^ in Massa- chusetts. The center of the industry in that state is Gloucester, although the output of Boston is quite large. Inasmuch as a number of establishments which are included in tlic classifications "canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables," and "canning and preserving, fish," produced canned oysters as a sec- ondary product, the statistics contained in Table 5 for this branch of the canning and preserving indus- try are incomplete and do not mdicatc accurately either the extent of the production of canned oysters or the distribution of the industry among the states. In the bulletin on canning and preserving' this de- fect was remedied to s.ome extent by tabulating apart from all other p]?Q,d.ucts of the general industry the quantity and value of canned o.ys.ters produced in each state. By this method the leading position oc- cupied by Mississippi in the value of canned oysters produced, as shown by Table 5, was verified, but it was discovered that Maryland ranked second instead of fifth, as Table 5 would seem to indicate, and that Sopth Carolina stood third instead of second. While oyster beds are cultivated in abundance .elsewhere than in Chesapeake bay and the bays and inlets of the Gulf on the coast of Mississippi, the product is not canned in large quantities except at those locali- ties. The leading states in the canning and preserv- ing of fruits and vegetables are California, Alaryland, and New York. The industry is localized very largely in those 3 states, considerably more than 50 per cent of the value of these products being prepared there. The manufacture of cordage and twine, according to the reports which have been received, is localized largely in New York, Massachusetts, Illinois, and Pennsylvania. The products are rope, lines, and twine from hemp, flax, cotton, or other fiber. The total value of the products for the United States at the census of 1905 was $48,017,139, of which New York contributed $13,296,838, or 27.7 per cent; Mas- sachusetts, $11,173,521, or 23.3 per cent; Illinois, $8,748,560, or 18.2 per cent; and Pennsylvania, $4,481,818, or 9.3 per cent. As a large proportion of the demand for cordage is in the shipping trade, rope- walks are located principally in or near the larger ports — New York, Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, etc. The fact that the cities mentioned are the chief cen- ters of the wholesale trade in twines of the various kinds is the cause of the localization of the plants in those neighborhoods. The manufacture of cordage and twine is not a "local" industry and can hardly ever become such. The investment of capital which is required is large, the average per plant for 1905 being $363,829, Moreover, the demands of the mar- ket are too limited to call for a wide distribution of plants. The manufacture of grindstones, although compara- tively insignificant in the volume of its operations, affords an interesting example of an industry whose location is controlled almost absolutely by the pres- ence of the peculiar sandstone required. With the exception of 2 factories — 1 in Boston and 1 in Phila- delphia — the plants are located at the quarries. There is a sandstone called the Berea grit, found in certain counties in Ohio, which is especially adapted for grindstones, and on this account the manufacture 'Bureau of the Cciisu.s, Bulletin 61. LOCALIZATION OF INDUSTRIES. cclvii is localized largely in that section. The value of grindstones manufactured as reported at the census of 1905 is $788,049, and of this amount 1517,069, or 65.6 per cent, was reported for Ohio. The statistics of hardware manufacture, under which are classed such articles as locks, hinges, casters, car- riage hardware, and a multitude of other small metal articles, illustrates the preeminence of Connecticut over all other states in the production of these and similar goods, generally termed " notions." The total value of the products for the United States and Connecticut, with the percentages that the total for the state was of the total for the country at the last four censuses, are as follows: 1905^United States, $45,770,171, Con- necticut, $21,480,652, or 46.9 per cent; 1900— United States, 135,846,656, Connecticut, $16,301,198, or 45.4 per cent; 1890— United States, $26,726,463, Connecti- cut, $11,995,023, or 44.9 per cent; 1880— United States, $22,653,693, Connecticut, $10,374,293, or 45.8 per cent. These figures indicate that while the actual in- crease in the industry is commensurate with that in many other lines of manufacture, the percentage that the product of the state forms of that for the United States has changed but little from one census to an- other. The states that followed Connecticut in respect to value of products at the census of 1905 — Pennsylva- nia, Illinois, New York, and Oliio, in the order named — had scarcely more than a fair share of the industry when their population and markets are considered. The principal seat of the industry in Connecticut is New Britain, for which was reported in 1905 a product amounting to. $7,537,625, or 35.1 per cent of the total for the state and 16.5 per cent of that for the whole country. New Haven, also, has several important establishments. The localization of the manufacture of hardware in Connecticut is undoubtedly due largely to the impetus received from an early start. The ad- ministrative efficiency of the proprietors has also con- tributed its share to the maintenance and prosperity of the industry. The materials required are readily available. Many of the products included in the clas- sification under discussion are ingenious devices, which have been and are protected by patent right and their manufacture thus monopolized. The formation of a combination of manufacturers has of late exercised an influence toward the concentration of the industry in certain sections of Connecticut. Lapidary work — cutting and polishing of gems and precious stones — can not be said to have any exist- ence in this country outside of Greater New York. The total value of thi§ work in the United States at the census of 1905 was $7,646,814, of which $7,379,974, or 96.5 per cent, was reported for Greater New York. At the census of 1900 the production for the United States was valued at $5,786,281, of which $5,500,861, or 95.1 per cent, was contributed by Greater New York. According to the statistics of previous censuses, the industry had not assumed much importance. The great increase })etween 1890 and 1900 is ascribed to certain modifications of the tarifl' on precious stones, which permitted the importation of rough or uncut stones free of duty, tlie duty of 10 per cent on cut stones being retained. Later a tax of 10 per cent was imposed on uncut stones and 25 per cent on cut stones. As the United States is considered the best diamond market in the w(jrld, the attention of importers was at once attracted to the great advantage of purchasing the stones in the rough and cutting and polishing them in this country. Accordingly the industry was estab- lished and has since flourished, concentrating in New York city, which is the headquarters of the diamond trade in the United States. The manufacture of wine — Census classification "liquors, vinous" — is localized chiefly in California, although the industry is of considerable importance in New York and Ohio. The statistics of the census of 1905 show that 60.3 per cent of the value of wine pro- duced in the United States was made in California, and the proportion was about the same in 1900 and in 1890. The leading position of California in wine manufacture is attributed to the natural advantages of the climate and soil, which are extremely favorable to viniculture. The manufacture of cottonseed oil, it is obvious, can not be conducted successfully at a great distance from the cotton field. While there are a few isolated in- stances of plants located where cotton is not grown, they are as a rule engaged not in manufacturing oil from the seed, but in refining the crude product. The statistics indicate that the relative rank of the states in the manufacture of crude cottonseed oil and in the production of cotton coincide very closely in several instances. There are other industries which are localized near to" the raw material, notable examples of which are rice cleaning and polishing, and the manufacture of salt, and turpentine and rosin. Rice cleaning is car- ried on as a manufacturing industry almost entirely in the states where rice is grown. Louisiana reported 65.8 per cent of the value of the product and Texas 28.5 per cent, the proportion for these two states being 94.3 per cent. The leading states in salt manufacture are New York, Michigan, Ohio, and Kansas. The plants are located in all cases at the places of the mineral deposits, the crude rock salt or brine from wells being the raw "material used. Turpentine and rosin establishments are located in the forests of long leaf pine, from which the crude gum is obtained. As the more accessible portions of the forests of long leaf pine have become exhausted in one locality, the center of the industry has gradually shifted to more favored districts in the pine l)clt of the South. As early as 1850 almost the entire product was reported from North Carolina. In 1860 and 1870 North Carolina was still foremost, with South Carolina second. In 1880 the states ranked as follows in respect to value of products: .South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, cclviii MANUFACTURES. Alabama, and Florida. In 1890 Georgia had taken first place, with North Carolina, South Carolina, Mis- sissippi, and Florida following. In 1900 Georgia was still first, but Florida had passed the other states in the value of products and was second. The southward trend of the industry continued between 1900 and 1905, and at the later census the states ranked in pro- duction as follows: Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Missis- sippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Louisiana. Summary of localized industries. — Tables ccxxvi and ccxxvii are summaries, by states and cities, re- spectively, of the most pronounced examples of locali- zation, with the percentage that the value of products of the specified industry in the state or city named forms of the total value for the United States. For purposes of comparison the corresponding percentages for 1900 are also included. Table ( '('XXVI. -LOrALIZATION OF SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY STATES, WITH VALUE OF PRODUCTS FOR 1905, AND PERCENTAGES FOR 1905 AND 1900. INDUSTRY. Collars and cuffs Lapidary work Brass and copper, rolled Ammunition Artificial leathers and flowers Fur goods Clothing, women's Clocks Cash registers and calculating machines . Plated ware Rice, cleaning and polishing . Liquors, vinous Gloves and mittens, leather. Coke Iron and steel (combined) . . . Brassware Clothing, men's Hardware Boots and shoes Carpets and rugs, other than rag. Sugar and molasses, refining Turpentine and rosin Liquors, distilled Musical instruments, pianos Canning and preserving, oysters . Glass Slaughtering and meat packing (combined) . Agricultural implements Hosiery and knit goods Salt Silk and silk goods Woolen goods Worsted goods Chemicals Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables . Beet sugar Canning and preserving, fish Cotton goods Pottery, terra cotta, and fire clay products Paints Cordage and twine Dtuggists' preparations Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. Jewelry Structural ironwork Hats, felt Automobiles Silversmithing and Hilvcrwji.rc. Rubber and elastic goods Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. Pickles, preserves, and sauces Paper and wood pulp Value of prod- ucts in the United States. State. $12, 587, 277 7,646,814 New York. . 51,912,8.53 19, 930, 821 5, 246, 822 Connecticut Connecticut • 37,123,129 New York 247, 661, 560 8,868,000 Connecticut 9,875,099 Ohio 12,138,886 16,296,916 Louisiana 11,097,853 Calilornia 17,740,385 New York 51,728,647 905,787,733 Pennsylvania 17,499,056 355,796,571 Connecticut New York 45,770,171 320, 107, 458 61,586,433 Connecticut Massachusetts Pennsylvania 277,285,449 New York 23,937,024 Florida 131,269,886 Illinois 46,922,471 New York 3, 986, 239 Mississippi 79, 607, 998 Pennsylvania 913,914,624 lUinois 112,007,344 Illinois 136,558,139 New York 9,437,662 New York 133, 288, 072 142, 196, 658 New Jersey Massachusetts 165,745,052 Massachusetts 75,222,249 New York 78,142,022 Calilornia 24,393,794 26,377,210 Colorado . . 1 Alaska 442, 451, 218 64, 200, ''92 Massachusetts Ohio 67,277,910 New York 48,017,139 New York.. , 31, "82,^50 252, 620, 986 Michigan Pennsylvania 53,225,681 90,944,697 36,629,353 26,fi D i -J i \ o i \ V-- o i ^1 Z3 oht Vo<>> r' v-^ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ < < _l o \ \ "A V- \ < I Z q: QQ /«, Pi L.- .J i r- UL _. ' — —I i , i 1 i A o o 5 'Sin % se I L._ / r" "^i / I ' — n , i 10 I 1 I JO wo _j 5" Q U O O o _i DQ _ D i Q. ! 2° 2> 8i n— ».» So SS ! q: 111 \ o m 3 f-" ^■^ ( o j_...-j ~-^ \ J h"^ <- 5^ 1 cm w ; iJ'o J m -i ; uss L — te-.. r" 1 aavAvioiaa ' . -7 00^ H9na'9-/v\ IS ^ \ 1 •oo aaswNm VNviaNi_g?J L. t° J o _^- — ' L. H M \ 1- X :i d o ii. L. 3 Z W Q w a. / — ^, / -J o 1, -^•'^ I 0. \% < (0 a: / _J >- r' X^-i o ,' — .-J _j tr- \ ^-1 \ r z < < i "^ .._. o J CO \ \ \ > I z z u h o z D O m >- 1- C/) z \ < *— o < i^- oi "\> -j cclxvi MAXUFACTURES. DIAGRAM 25. AMERICAN LOCOMOTIVE CO. _ vrnGiNrA RICHMONDWORK s PACKINC5 CO. ^,^--.../\., H.BECKSTOFFER ROSENZGK UNIo'n STOCKYARDS LUM BER YARO BREWING CO. J.W.BLANTONKSONy \. oaa'SHCT ^ R.KASTCLBERGS fOUNOHY.^' ° ""^'"- EH SLAUGHTER House ^.^ \ \ _., _v^ y' SOUTHERN N / STOVE WOHKS i V' i t22a L. R. r K P. R.R RSOUTHERNB.R.SMO "^ i , — ' \ \ \ •> /an '\ ..- •n U- — "'" \ ___ . / ^*bS^'c^3°c"d^ \ _^' VIRGI .IIA-CAHOJ.IN^ y' POWERS HROS.KMAVNARO » POWt^Hcl/sCAn'BllNtaSa \ ^ ADDISON BBANW/ n^HMONOCEOAR WORKS ■" \ i' 1 TMEIKENTUCKY TOBACCO PROOUGT CO. '\_.- /■ VIRGlNtA-CAROLINA CHEMICAL COS RICHN/IOND VA. \ / RICHMOND CHEMICAL WORKS CITY BOUMOARY- IS05. ruL-TON SHOPS \ / ^^BB ic'k VARd'°° \.y RICHMOND GUANOCO. na VIHGINIA-NCAROU Special canvass of cities. — The census of manufac- tures for cities has been a special feature of the field- work at each census siaoe 1880, when 279 of the princi- pal cities were canvassed by agents appointed especially for the purpose, although the statistics were published separately for only 100 cities. At the census of 1890 1,042 cities and towns were canvassed by special agents,. of which the totals for 165 were published separately. At the census of 1900, 1,340 cities and towns were can- vassed by such employees, the totals for all being pub- lished separately. The number of cities and towns covered by special agents was increased at each census, because the services of such agents proved to be much more satisfactory than those of the general enumera- tors who collected reports from manufacturers while enumerating the population. At the census of 1905 the canvass of the entire coun- try was made by the regular employees of the Office or by special agents, but reports were secured only from establishments conducted under what is known as the factory system, the so-called neighborhood and me- chanical trades being excluded. This restriction greatly reduced the number of establishments, and it was found that it would be impossible to publish the statistics for some of the smaller places without disclosing the oper- ations of individual establishments located therein. It was accordingly decided to limit the statistics for urban manufactures to municipalities having a population of at least 8,000 at the census of 1900. It is realized. however, that in some cases this division is inadequate, since many establishments are operated under urban conditions ia smaller commrmities. Table ccxxix shows the totals for the 544 places with a population of at least 8,000 in 1900 in compari- son with the totals for the rural districts and for the United States for 1900 and 1905. Since the table compares the value of products at the census of manufactures for 1900 and for 1905, for the places with 8,000 and over in 1900, it is hardly a true indication of the relative importance of the urban manufactures in 1905. Undoubtedly there were a num- ber of places with less than 8,000 inhabitants in 1900 that at the census of 1905 had increased sufficiently to be added to the urban class. Thus, if the figures for the urban class for 1905 included such communities instead of only those that had a population of 8,000 and over in 1900, it is possible that the table would not indicate a loss in the proportion of the total production attributable to the urban communities. The totals for each of the 544 cities and towns are shown separately in Table 17. The reports on the manufactures of the dif- ferent states and territories, given in Part II of the pres- ent report, contain detailed statistics for the cities, showing the percentages of increase in each and also the respective totals in each city for establishments under different forms of ownership. Reference should be made to these reports for further details concerning the statistics of urban manufactures. URBAN MANUFACTURES. cclxvii Table CCXXIX.- -COMPAKATIVE SUMMARY FOR TPIE UNITED STATES AND FOR THE URBAN AND RURAL DISTRICTS, WITH PERCENTAGES: 1905 AND 1900. UNITED STATES. Number o{ establishments Capital Salaried ofBcials, clerks, etc., numhet .. . ' y. .....V. Salaries Wage-earners, average number [].\\\\.\..\ Total wages Men 16 years and over Wages Women 16 years and over Wages Children under 16 years ; Wages ; . Miscellaneous expenses Cost of materials used Value of products, including custom work and repairing. 211), 2(i2 812,686,265,673 519,751 5674,761,231 6, 470, 321 $2,611,640,532 4,244,638 $2,266,273,317 1,065,884 $317,279,008 159, 899 $27,988,207 $1,455,019,473 $8,503,949,756 $14,802,147,087 207, 562 ?8, 978, 825, 200 364,202 $380,889,091 4,716,023 $2,009,735,799 3,635,236 $1,730,347,184 918,611 $248,814,074 161,276 ■ $24,574,541 $005, 600, 225 $6,577,614,074 811,411,121,122 Per cent ol increase. Total. 4 2 41.3 42.7 50.9 16.0 29.9 16.8 30.5 16.0 27.5 »0.9 13.9 60. T 29.3 Per cent of United States. 113,101 $8,566,221,283 380,713 $438,685,154 3,624,829 $1,790,277,612 2,689,883 $1,521,141,741 836,836 $256,032,754 98,110 $18,203,117 $1,110,261,278 $6, 849,, 805, 532 $10,310,285,063 Total. 52.3 67.5 74.4 76 3 66.3 63.4 67.1 78.5 81.0 61.4 65.0 76.3 68.8 69.7 - - j Percent States. 106,513 $6,382,432,475 280,, 322 $301,509,265 3,154,911 $1,417, 123,. 370 2,325,086 $1,190,960,707 731,101 $203,806,679 98,724 $16,356,084 $722,298,983 $4,656,469,784 $8,141,364,065 6.2 34.2 38.0 45.5 14,9 26.8 15.7 27.1 14.5 26.1 20.6 11.3 63.7 26.6 26.6 Number of establishments Capital Salaried officials, clerks, etc., number Salaries Wage-eameiB, average number Total wages Men 16 years and over Wages Women 16 years and over Wages Childeren under 16 years Wages Miscellaneous expenses Cost of materials used Value of products, including custom work and repairing Total. 103,161 $4,120,044,390 133,038 $136,076,077 1,845,492 $815,262,920 1,664,655 $746,131,676 229,048 $60,346,264 61,789 $9,785,090 $344,758,196 $2,654,144,224 $4,491,862,024 Per cent of United States. 47.7 32.6 25.6 23.7 33.7 31.2 36.6 32.9 21.6 19.0 38.6 36.0 23.7 31.2 30.3 1900 Total. 101,049 $2,596,392,725 83,880 $79,379,826 1,560,112 $592,612,429 1,310,150 $539,386,477 187,410 $45,007,495 62,552 $8,218,467 $183,301,242 $1,921,154,290 $3,269,757,067 Per cent of United States. 48.7 28.9 23.0 20.8 33.1 29.5 36.1 31.1 20.4 18.1 38.8 33.4 20.2 29.2 28.7 Per cent of increase. 2.1 68.7 58.6 71.4 18.3 37.6 18.7 38.1 22.2 341 19.1 88.1 38.2 37.4 I The 544 municipalities having a population in 1900 of at least 8,000. 2 Decrease. At the census of 1905 the 544 places with a popula- tion of 8,000 or over contaiued more than one-half of the establishments, and measured by the capital in- vested, number of wage-earners, wages paid, and value of products, represented about two-thirds of the manu- facturing operations of the country. The table ap- pears to indicate, however, that the relative importance of the rural establishments is increasing, since at the census of 1905 they reported a larger proportion of the totals for the United States for the principal items, with the exception of the number of establishments, than at the census of 1900. Not only do the manufactures of the cities as a whole greatly exceed those of the rural districts, but the op- erations of the individual establishments in the cities are, as a rule, much more extensive than those of the establishments in the rural districts. This is shown by Table ccxxx, which gives certain averages ob- tained by dividing the amounts reported for the United States and for the urban and rural districts, respec- tively, by the number of establishments reported in each case. Table CCXXX. — Average size of establishments in the United States and in the urban and rural districts: 1905 and 1900. Census. United States. Capital Salaried oliBcials, clerks, etc., number . Salaries Wage-earners, average number Total wages Miscellaneous expenses Cost of materials used \'alue of products 1905 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 $68,662 $43, 269 2 2 $2,658 $1,835 25 23 $12,076 .89,683 $6, 728 $4, 363 $39, 322 ■831,690 $68, 445 $64, 977 Urban. $75, 740 $59,922 3 3 $3, 879 $2,831 32 30 S!5,S82 813,305 89,817 86,781 $61,722 $43,717 $91,160 $76, 435 Rural. $39, 938 $25,694 1 1 $1,319 $786 18 15 87, 903 85,865 $3,342 $1,814 $25, 728 $19,012 $43, 542 $32,368 The extent to which large establishments predomi- nate in the manufactures of the entire United States is illustrated by the statistics given in the chapter on " large and small establishments." It was impractica- cclxviii MANUFACTURES. ble to compile statistics for the establishments of dif- ferent sizes in the cities, but as the large number of small establishments tends to reduce the averages given in the above table, the relative number of estab- lishments in the urban and riiral districts, respectively, should be considered in connection with the averages. The averages can be accepted as representing an imagi- nary establishment based on a combination of reports for factories of various sizes, and only conclusions of the most general nature can be derived from them. The striking features of the preceding tables are : (1) The large increase in the average amount of capital in- vested, salaries and wages paid, and value of products per estabhshment for the United States as a whole, and for the urban and rural districts; (2) the magnitude of the average establishment in the cities, the figures for every item except for capital in 1905 being at both censuses nearly or more than twice as large as those for the average establishment in the rural districts; (3) the larger actual increases in the averages per establishment in the cities than in the rural districts, and the larger percentages of increase in the rural districts. Although Table ccxxx shows that on the average the urban establishments are larger than the rural, there are many cases, of course, where very extensive plants exist outside of urban limits. The decrease since 1900 in the proportion of capital and value of products shown in Table ccxxix for the urban dis- tricts, accompanied by only a slight increase in the proportion of establishments, may indicate that an increasing number of the larger plants are moving to the rural districts, or that a larger proportion of the new and larger factories are being established outside of the city limits, or that the establishments which were located in the rural districts have increased their operations. The relative importance of urban and rural manu- factures is shown most effectively by a graphic presen- tation, as in the following diagrams. The first pre- sents them relatively to each other and to the totals for the United States at the census of 1905, according to the statistics of capital, wages, and value of products ; while the second similarly shows the relative numbers of wage-earners in the 544 cities and towns for which statistics aire given separately, in the rural districts, and in the country as a whole. Accepting the 544 cities and towns included in Ta- ble CCXXIX as representative of urban manufactures, there has been, except in number of establishments, a slight, though general, decrease in the proportion that urban manufactm'es constitute of the total for the United States. Of the total capital invested in manu- factures, the establishments in the cities reported 71.1 per cent at the census of 1900 and 67.5 per cent at the census of 1905, a relative decrease of 3.(1 per cent. While such a large proportional decrease is not shown for any of the other items, there was a decrease of more than 1 per cent for tlie majority of them. Diagram 2G.— Urban and rural manufactures— capital and wages, and value qfproducts: 1905. BILLIONS OF DOLLARS Ol 2345678 9 10 II 12 '3 14 15 CAPITAL ' ^ *" ^ " ™ " RURAL WAGES '"" E URBAN RURAL VALUE OF PRODUCT UNITED STATES ^ " "" ^ ^j ^" RURAL " ™ B ^^ ^^ AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS fVllLLI ONS UNITED STATES URBAN RURAL There were but slight changes in the proportions of men, women, and children employed in urban manu- factures as reported at the two censuses. The greatest variation is shown for women, the proportion decreas- ing from 79.6 per cent at the ccjisus of 1900 to 78.5 per cent at the census of 1905. The decrease in number of children was greater in the rural than in the lu-ban districts. The proportional decrease in urban manufactm'es is due to the more rapid increase in the industries of the rural districts. The urban districts show the largest percentage of increase in number of establish- ments, but the rural districts reported the highest per- centage for all of the other items, the percentages ex- ceeding not only those for the urban districts, but those for the United States as a whole. The percentages of increase for the rural districts are, however, based on smaller amounts than those for the m'ban, and do not, in any instance, indicate a larger actual increase. For example, the capital for the rural districts increased 58.7 per cent and in the urban 34.2 per cent, but the actual increase in the rural districts was $1,523,651,665 as compared with 12,183,788,808 for the urban. The average number of wage-earners for the rural districts increased 18.3 per cent and in the urban districts 14.9 per cent, but the actual increase in the rural was 285,380 and in the urban districts 469,918. While the totals for urban manufactm-es as reported at the census of 1905 show substantial increases over the totals for 1900, there has not been an increase in all of the 544 cities and towns. Only 133 cities show an actual increase in all of the tw(>lve items of capital, wage- earners, wages, etc., shown in Table 17. Of these, four cities reported the same number of establishments, and four the same number of childi-en wage-earners at the two censuses ; but as the other items in these cities show increases, they have been considered as showing in- creases in all the items. Of the cities having a population of 20,000 and over URBAN MANUFACTURES. cclxix in 1900, New York shows the greatest increase in value of products and in average number of wage-earners, the increase in value of products being $353,6.52,745 and in the average number of wage-earners 76,130. The greatest percentage of increase in value of products — 198.2 — is showTi for Quincy, Mass., and is due almost wholly to the increase in the granite cutting industr}^, the introduction of iron and steel shipbuilding, and the manufacture of iron and steel bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets. The greatest percentage of increase in average number of wage-earners — 152.4 — is also shown for Quincy. The greatest decrease in value of products is that for McKeesport, Pa., and amounted to $13,004,035. This decrease is caused largely by the elimination at the census of 1905 of certain duplications in the iron and steel industry included in the statistics for the industry as reported at the census of 1900, and is therefore more apparent than real. After McKeesport, Allegheny, Pa., A\'ith a loss of $7,365,106, shows the greatest de- crease in this item, due in part to duplications in the iron and steel industry similar to those referred to for McKeesport, but also caused by a falling off in the ii-on and steel and foundry and machine shop indus- tries. The greatest decrease — 3,865 — in average num- ber of wage-earners is also shown for Allegheny. Next to McKeesport, North Adams, Mass., suffered the greatest relative loss in value of products — 25.2 per cent — owing to a falling off in the boot and shoe and textile industries. The greatest percentage of decrease in average number of wage-earners was 46.5 for Gal- veston, Tex., due in part to a lack of complete recovery from the great flood of September 8, 1900. There were 411 cities for which a decrease was shown for one or more of the twelve items. The following statement gives, for each item, the number of cities reporting a decrease: Cities reporting decreases in one or more items: 1905. Number ol establishments Capital Salaried officials, clerks, etc., number Salaries Wage-earners, average number Total wages Men 16 years and over Women 16 years and over Children under 16 years Miscellaneous expenses Cost of materials used Value of products Number of cities. 172 55 61 41 109 65 112 138 235 51 The statistics for manufactures in the entire country indicate that there has been a decrease in the number of children employed, and the above statement shows that more cities show a decrease in this item than in in any other. Portsmouth, N. H., is the only city reporting a de- crease for all the items covered by this statement. The general decrease in this city was due primarily to the fact that one large establishment engaged in the manufacture of boots and shoes at the census of 1900 was not in operation during 1904. Cripple Creek, Colo., reported a decrease in all items except the num- ber of children employed, which was the same at both censuses. The decreases in the manufactures of this city were due apparently to local conditions. In some cities, while the total for all industries shows a net increase, sonic of the individual industries have decreased. In some cases the decrease is due to an actual falling off caused by business depression, pre- vious overproduction, or some one of the various other conditions which affect all industries, wherever situ- ated. In other cities it is due to the removal of manu- facturing plants outside the corporate limits of the city, or to sections of the United States where raw material is more readily obtained and the products can be more advantageously disposed of; or where labor is more plentiful and power and land cheaper; or where advan- tage can be taken of other economies of production; or where subsidies are given or immunity from taxation offered. This shifting of establishments from one section of the country to another in the endeavor to find the locality in which manufacture can be carried on to the best advantage is becoming more prevalent with the increased competition following the rapid extension of manufactures. The consolidation of a number of inde- pendent plants under one management and the conse- quent abandonment of the plants that can not be worked to advantage, is another phase of this general readjustment which has perceptibly advanced or re- tarded the , industries of localities. In addition to these and other economic causes the increase or de- crease in certain cities may be due to changes in the kinds of industries enumerated at different censuses or to the more thorough canvass in some cities than in. others, while the apparent growth or decline of certain industries in different cities may be caused by changes in the methods of classifying the reports. In a few cases all the decreases in the various items shown for a given city can be traced to the changes that have occurred in a single industry. On the other hand, an important industry or a number of industries may show a decrease, and yet these de- creases may be more than counterbalanced by in- creases in other industries, with the result that the total for all industries will indicate a general advance. In some cities, where one or two establishments rep- resent a large proportion of the total for the citj^, the removal of one of these large plants, combined with the changes shown for other industries, has resulted in a large decrease, even though a number of the in- dustries of the city show increases. In order to ascer- tain the actual conditions it would therefore be neces- sary to compare and analyze the figures for each in- dustry, but as an analysis of that character would be more extended than the importance of the subject seems to warrant, this discussion is confined prima- cclxx MANUFACTURES. rily to the city totals, only incidental reference being made to the individual industries. Tendencies since 1880. — At the census of 1890 the statistics were shown separately for 165 cities and at the census of 1880 for only 100 cities. The limita- tion in the number of cities and the omission of the neighborhood and mechanical trades from the census of 1905 renders it impossible to make comparisons which mil show with entire accuracy the tendency prior to 1905 toward a more rapid increase in the manu- factures of the country outside of the leading cities, with a resulting decrease in the proportion of manufac- tures iu such cities. That such a condition did prevail, however, is indicated by Tables ccxxxi and ccxxxii. Table ccxxxi shows the proportion which the manufac- tures and population of the 100 cities have formed of the total for the United States at the last four cen- suses. Table ocxxxii shows the same proportions for the 162 principal cities at the past three censuses. Table CCXXXI. — One hundred principal cities — per cent of totals for the United Statts: 1880 to 1905. Number of establistanents Capital Wage-earners, average number. Total wages . t Cost ol materials used Value of products Population ' 1905 38.6 51.2 47.8 50.8 54.6 54.6 23.5 1900 38.1 54.8 48.8 52.7 56.4 56.4 22.7 18901 47.2 54.0 54.3 60 3 68.0 60.0 21.0 18801 30.7 49.6 62.4 58.6 56.3 66.2 18.2 1 Includes neigbborhood industries and mechanical trades. 2 For 1906 the population is estimated as of June 1 , 1904. Table CCXXXII. — One hundred and sixty-two principal cities — per cent of totals for the United States: 1890 to 1905. N umber of establishments Capital Wage-earners, average numlwr. Total wages Cost of materials used Value of products Population ^ 1905 42.2 67.1 63.9 66.9 69.5 69.9 26.1 1900 41.6 60.3 54.7 58.7 61.2 61.4 26.2 18901 52.3 61.1 61.3 67.7 66.1 66.9 23.8 1 Includes neighborhood industries and mechanical trades. 2 For 1906 the population Is estimated as of June 1, 1904. The percentages for 1880 and 1890 in these tables are based on totals which include the neighborhood indus- tries and mechanical trades, and the comparison is therefore not exact. As explained on page xxxv, how- ever, the inclusion of these industries has but slight effect on the statistics other than to increase the num- ber of establishments. This conclusion is confirmed by a comparison of Table ccxxxi with a similar table in the Report for the Twelfth Census, in which the per- centages for 1900 were based on totals which included the neighborhood industries and mechanical trades. From this comparison it appears that the exclusion of the neighborhood and mechanical industries has re- sulted in crediting a slightly larger proportion of manu- factures to the cities. For example, according to the table in the report for 1900, the establishments in the 100 cities reported 52.6 per cent of the value of prod- ucts, while Table ccxxxi shows that exclusive of the neighborhood and mechanical industries they reported at that census 56.4 per cent. Similarly, the percent- ages contained in the report for 1900 corresponding with those in Table ccxxxii, show that the value of products of the establishments in the 162 principal cities formed 60 per cent of the total, as compared with the 61.4 per cent for the 100 cities. Therefore this change in Census methods does not destroy the force of the comparisons made in these tables, from which it ap- pears that since 1890 manufactures located within the corporate limits of these cities have not increased as rapidly as those outside, and that the proportion of the total represented by the cities has decreased gradually. These conditions were reversed apparently during the decade ending with 1890, as for all the items the proportion given in Table ccxxxi for that census are in excess of those for 1880, indicating a relative increase in the proportions of the manufactures in the 100 cities considered. In several of the items the percentages for 1900 compare more or less closely with those for 1880, while the proportions for 1905 are somewhat smaller. The totals for the manufactures of the 100 principal cities now form a smaller proportion of the total for the United States than they did twenty-five years ago. The preceding tables show that in general since 1890 there has been a tendency to a wider distribution of manufactures and a more rapid increase for the districts outside the corporate limits of cities. Notwithstanding this wider distribution of manufactures, however. Tables ccxxxi and ccxxxii show that there has been an increasing concentration of population in the cities, the proportion of the total population in the 100 prin- cipal cities increasing from 18.2 per cent at the census of 1880 to 23.5 per cent as estimated at the census of 1905. It is probable that a considerable number of the wage-earners employed in factories located just outside the corporate limits of cities reside in the cities. Such a location enables the rural manufacturers to draw on the urban population for labor, and in return this de- mand for labor naturally conduces to an increase of the urban population. It is possible, however, that the urban population thus employed does not equal the number of wage-earners residing outside the lim its of cities and yet worldng within them. While the loca- tion of factories in or immediately adjoining cities is an important factor in the increase of the urban popula- tion, it is not the only factor, and the use of the corpo- rate limits to mark the separation l)et\veen the urban and rural districts makes it impossible to establish any definite relationship between urban population and the URBAN MANUFACTURES. cclxxi number of wage-earners who are residents of cities and reported as employed there, or to ascertain the propor- tion of the urban population that finds employment outside the corporate limits of the cities. Another reason why tliis comparison should not be made is that the number of wage-earners reported in the census of manufactures is the average number employed during the entire year, and does not bear a definite or fixed relation to the actual population. Selected industnes. — The statistics for the difl^erent industries in the 209 cities with a population of 20,000 and over at the census of 1900 are shown separately in the reports for each state, contained in Part II of this report. A presentation of urban manufactures by industries would require a summarization of the totals for each industry in these cities and in the remaining 335 cities and towns with a population of 8,000 or over. Wliile such a summary would have some statistical value, it was not considered of sufiicient importance to justify the work and expense attending its preparation. The statistics derive their principal value from com- parisons with prior censuses, as it is only by such com- parisons that the tendency of some industries toward concentration in cities and of others to a wider distribu- tion in the rural districts can be determined. The comparison can be extended to 1890 if the statistics are confined to the 162 cities for which the industries were shown separately at that census. As the entire field can not be covered, 20 industries have been selected, the statistics for which, as reported at the census of 1905 for the 162 cities, are summarized in Table ccxxxiii. Table CCXXXIII.— SUMMARY— SELECTED INDUSTRIES IN ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-TWO PRINCIPAL CITIES: 1905. INBXJSTRY. Total - Agricultural implements . Boots and shoes Chemicals i Clothing, men's Clothing, women's Number of estab- lish- ments. 0, 195 Cotton goods Dyeing and finishing textiles Foundry and machine shop products 2 i'umiture Hardware Hosiery and knit goods Jewelry Leather, tanned, curried, and finished , Liquors, malt Lumber, planing mill products, including sash, doors, and blinds Shirts Silk and silk goods Tobacco, chewing and smoking, and snufl . Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes Woolen goods 157 800 184 4,113 3,165 305 243 5,097 1,442 495 882 367 728 1,628 418 384 246 9,102 151 Capital. $2,427,932,400 95,660,623 74,690,738 61,780,853 140, 136, 161 68,029,245 239,240,672 38,079,983 678, 738, 943 83,197,902 25,653,333 49,140,612 31,356,341 96,349,522 433,159,887 91,634,606 17,942,698 62,800,623 119,365,739 105,763,709 35,312,210 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Average number. 1,177,026 24,638 90,360 8,588 121,964 106,770 119,275 17, 161 243,116 59,375 17,687 48, 722 16,882 29,042 38,434 51,426 24,211 40, 102 14,033 87, 121 18, 120 8560,253,901 13,034,997 43, 107, 417 4,707,567 53,084,767 48,659,369 43,093,301 7, 734, 721 142,138,570 30,611,325 8,063,579 16,447,697 9,914,625 14,261,085 27,820,796 28,739,873 8,176,391 14, 434, 137 4,552,875 35,888,134 6,882,775 Miscellaneous expenses. $378,368,473 6,234,746 12,710,290 3,900,418 55,871,186 23,409,202 13,648,450 3,045,666 61,089,464 10,654,258 2,777,687 5,313,724 3,416,316 6,835,869 102,135,544 8, 484, 463 6,721,245 8,066,370 24,904,228 29, 184, 181 2,065,168 Cost of mate- rials used. 81,274,980,166 24,063,310 112,486,087 27,916,610 173,094,936 124,632,115 112,596,196 10,404,620 196,063,645 42,067,415 9,380,349 34,831,245 20,636,440 86,019,201 60,901,002 76,317,338 20,714,880 38,237,957 30,826,140 53,003,384 21,798,397 Value of products. $2,658,104,260 64,922,889 190,680,363 43,973,664 333,699,500 235,941,202 182,802,396 26,390,797 493,445,446 101,317,166 26,374,499 64,167,678 43,601,366 118,666,945 246,606,306 134,103,416 40,291,465 68,931,709 77,009,042 141,707,307 34,473,135 1 Includes 14 establishments reported under ' ' sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids " and 6 as " wood distillation." 2 Includes 12 establishments reported under ' ' locomotives " and 223 as ' 'stoves and furnaces, not including gas and oil stoves." In every industry the degree of concentration in any locahty is dependent largely upon how extensively conditions are present which are favorable to its devel- opment. Some industries develop more rapidly in the rural districts, because of the character of their raw material and because of conditions afl'ecting the cost of transportation. In the majority of cases, however, manufactures tend to concentrate in the cities, because there they can enjoy the advantages of ready access to markets and to central distributing points, and com- mand a large and readily attainable supply of capital, labor, and power. The statistics given in Table ccxxxni show the mag- MFG — PT 1 — 07 xviii nitude of the 20 industries that are selected to indicate the degree of this concentration. From these totals it is evident that the industries are important factors in the industrial development of the United States, but their relation to the totals for the industries for the country as a whole is not indicated directly. Fromt Table ccxxxiv, however, it appears that in the majority of cases the industry is more or less concen- trated in the larger cities. This table shows the pro- portions which the totals for each of the 20 industries in the 162 cities formed of the totals for the same in- dustries in the entire country at the censuses of 1890, 1900, and 1905. cclxxii MANUFACTURES. Table ('(.'XXXIV. — Selected industries in one hundred and sixty-two principal cities^— jyer cent of totals for the industry: 1890 to 1905. Cen- sus. 1 Num- ber ol estab- lish- nents. Capi- tal. WAGE-EARN- ERS AND WAGES. Mis- cella- neous ex- penses. Cost of mate- rials used. V'alue of prod- ucts. INDUSTRY. Aver- age , num- ber. A'ages. Agricultural i m p 1 e - merits. 1905 1900 1890 24.2 22.7 21.4 48.6 66.7 57 7 52.0 66.0 61.3 62.1 57 7 51.0 41.1 641 55.9 49.8 68.1 65.1 49.0 57.7 54 5 Boots and shoes 1905 1900 1890 60.8 63.3 61.0 61.0 £3.0 56,6 60.3 56.2 56.7 62.4 57.0 57.9 65 9 60.3 63.5 57 52.6 55.0 69.6 64 8 57.3 51905 1900 1890 41.1 42.9 63.2 43.2 45.6 70.5 35.0 35.8 70.8 35.2 38.5 70.4 43.6 441 80.7 53.8 57 5 81.4 47 8 52.5 79.3 Clothing, men's 1905 1900 1890 91.3 93.0 96.1 91.5 94 96.8 88.9 90.0 92 4 92.8 93.5 96.3 96.8 98.4 97.3 93.2 94 7 96.6 93.8 73.3 96.7 Clothing, women's 1905 1900 1890 94 2 94.4 98.0 92.0 94 6 98.6 92.3 91.7 97 3 95.1 94 7 98.0 96.1 97 8 98.7 95.3 95.0 98.3 96.3 95 3 98.4 1905 1900 1890 28.3 34.6 41.4 39.5 45.9 52.6 38.4 43.8 51.4 45.7 51.0 54 8 46.6 63.7 55.6 39.9 45 8 63.1 41.3 47 6 64 Dyeing and finishing textiles. 1905 1900 1890 67.5 69.8 77.0 42.9 44 5 51.6 48.3 47 6 54 4 50.0 48.2 65.7 50.9 45 7 48.1 53.0 51.4 55.1 51.9 49.8 55 9 Foundry and machine shop products. 3 1906 1900 1890 511 54 4 59.4 61.8 66.1 73.9 60.3 66.0 73.6 61.8 67.6 75.3 64 3 73.2 77.1 60.5 66.8 75.9 61.7 66.9 76.1 1905 1900 1890 58.1 58.8 62.4 54 6 68.9 69.5 53.9 51.8 68.9 61.2 64 5 74 7 63.1 68.8 68.7 57.1 63.0 75.6 59.4 63.8 74 6 1905 1900 1890 67.0 64 6 67.4 48.6 53.7 50 9 65 8 67.1 68.3 65.3 66.2 57 9 55.1 5&2 73.0 56.4 66.8 57 9 55.4 56.9 61.0 Hosiery and knit goods. 1905 1900 1890 45 9 47.7 56.3 46.1 46.7 441 47 60.0 62.6 49.0 49.9 52.1 61.5 54 48.7 45.5 47 4 62,4 47.0 49.1 52.8 1905 1900 1890 86.2 84 85.1 79.0 83.8 81.5 76.5 74 6 76.2 78.7 75.6 78.7 82.1 88.2 72.9 85.4 81.6 89.7 81.9 79.2 85.1 Leather, tanned, cur- ried, and finished. 1906 1900 1890 35 29.3 24.2 39.7 41.6 42.1 50.7 51.4 39.6 52.7 53.9 43.6 46.7 44 4 38.0 45.0 45.7 43.1 47 46.9 42.1 1905 1900 1890 47.6 49.4 58.3 84 85.7 88.2 79.8 80.8 84 9 80.5 82.7 86.9 86.5 87 88.2 81.3 82.4 88.2 82.7 84 7 88.1 Lumher, planing mill products, including sash, doors, and blinds. 1905 1900 1890 32.5 30.6 39.1 51.7 53.2 61.2 62.7 53.1 64 8 56.7 57 5 70.2 62.1 63.1 68.0 52.6 61.2 63.8 64 2 62.7 65 7 Shirts 1905 1900 1890 65.2 75 3 90.1 76.7 78.3 86.6 66.3 671 81.2 72.8 74 6 84 88.7 89.1 90.6 80.8 80.5 81.7 79.0 79.6 84 5 Silk and silk goods 1906 1900 1890 61.6 60.7 76.7 48.2 50.3 61.2 50.4 66.2 66.2 53.9 60.0 70.1 57 4 59.2 66.6 50.4 541 61.1 61.7 55.7 65.1 Tobacco, chewing and smoking, and snuff. 1905 1900 1890 56.8 49.2 44 3 66.7 69.2 66.5 58.5 62.2 55.6 67 2 74 68.0 64 6 76.4 71.9 o8.6 76:8 73.7 66.0 76.8 72.6 Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes. 1905 1900 1890 55.5 56.0 63.1 72.9 66.8 76.8 64 3 67.1 71.8 64 2 (i8. 4 73.7 70.2 70.5 74 6 65 3 68.0 76.3 66.1 69.6 75.1 1905 1900 1890 19.1 17 7 16.8 26.2 29.2 29.4 24 9 32.2 32.3 23.9 32.2 32.2 25 1 33.2 29.1 24 8 35.0 32.3 24 2 34 1 32.6 1 Lincoln town, R. I., included in 1890, is omitted in 1900 and 1906. 2 Includes 14 establishments reported under "sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids " and 5 under "wood distillation." 3 Includes 12 establishments reported under' locomotives" and 223 under " stoves and furno^os, not including gas and oil stoves." The percentages for 1890 are baseci on totals which include the town of Lincoln, R. I. The omission of this town from the totals for 1900 and 1905 may have had a slight effect on the totals for some of the indus- tries. The inclusion in 1900 and 1905 of "leather,, morocco," and "leather, patent and enameled," under the head of "leather, tanned, curried, and finished," should also be taken into account. The percentages in this table are as a rule in harmony with those given in Tables ccxxxi and ccxxxii, which indicate a decrease in the proportion of all manufactures in the principal cities since 1890. But the principal object of the table is to illustrate the fact that the decrease is not general; that it has not occurred in all industries, and also that ia some industries it is more pronounced than in others. For example, the boot and shoe factories in the 162 principal cities represented a larger proportion of the total for the industry in the United States at the census of 1905 than they did in 1900, and the same is true of the establishments engaged in tanning, curry- ing, and finishing leather, though it is probable that the finishing and not the tanning branch of the indus- try has increased in the cities. On the other hand, the percentages for the value of products for the remaining industries indicate a more rapid decrease in the propor- tion in cities than is shown by Table ccxxxii for all industries. The decrease in the proportion of manufactures in the 162 principal cities is, of course, an indication of the more rapid development in the smaller cities, many of which have a population of over 8,000, and ia the rural districts. It does not follow that the same rate of decrease would be observed in any of the industries if a larger number of cities were considered. It is evi- dent, therefore, that the necessity of limiting the pre- sentation to 162 cities detracts greatly from the value of the statistics. Groups according to population. — Table ccxxix shows that more than two-thirds of the value of prod- ucts of the manufactures of the country as reported at the census of 1905 were contained in 544 municipalities, but the manufactures in many of these places are com- paratively unimportant and could be omitted without seriously reducing the proportion. It is instructive to trace the concentration further, using certain limita- tions of population. This is done in Table ccxxxv, which shows the totals for 1900 and 1905 for five groups of cities, arranged according to their estimated population in 1905, and gives the percentages the totals of each group formed of the corresponding totals for the United States. While a grouping of the cities according to popula- tion is of assistance in localizing the concentration of manufactures, it is not a perfect method of ascertaining what cities, if grouped together, would show the high- est concentration relative to their population. Some places with a large population are primarily residential in character, -while the larger proportion of the popu- lation of others is engaged in commercial pursuits. In such places the manufactures would not be as extensive as in cities with a smaller population, but URBAN MANUFACTURES. cclxxiii devoted chiefly to manufacturing industries. To show the extent which a city is devoted to manufactures, it would be necessary to arrange the cities in groups according to a certain basis of industrial importance such as per capita production. This arrangement, however, would not show the volume of output, and population seems to be the only unit of measurement that can be easily and uniformly applied. Table CH'XXXV. -COMPARATIVE SUMMARY— MANUFACTURES AND POPULATION IN GROUPS OF CITIES ARRANGED ACCORDING TO POPULATION, WITH PER CENT DISTRIBUTION: 1905 AND 1900. United States c™- in05 isoo 4.57 cities of 8,000 to 60,000 population 1905 1900 Per cent oJ total 1905 1900 47 cities of 50,000 to 100,000 population. Per cent of total 34 cities of 100,000 to 500,000 population. Per cent of total 3 cities of 500,000 to 1,000,000 population - Per cent of total 3 cities of over 1,000,000 population. Per cent of total 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 Number of estab- lish- ments. Capital. 216,262 207,562 30, 356 28, 127 14.0 13.6 11,316 10, 475 6.2 6.0 27,952 25,699 12.9 12.4 7,392 7,798 a4 a8 36,085 34, 414 16.7 16.6 $12,686,266,673 8,978,826,200 1,072,646,938 764,931,621 8.5 8.5 2,241,802,031 1, 672, 569, 332 17.7 18.6 546,262,895 387,885,322 ,4.3 43 2,200,868,616 1,810,212,966 17.3 20.2 "WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Average number. 6, 470, 321 4,715,023 \\'ages. S2, 611, 540, 532 2,009,735,799 5.39,122,919 410, 443, 032 20.6 20.4 238,375,808 188, 332, 393 9.1 9.4 426, 456, 530 337,380,030 16.3 16.8 100, 149, 093 80,847,480 3.8 40 492,173,262 400, 120, 435 18.8 19.9 C'n.st of niati'- riiiis used. $S, 603, 949, 766 6,577,614,074 Value of products. Popula- tion.i $14,802,147,087 11, 411, 121, 122 1,295,019,974 990,361,081 8.7 8.7 2,509,936,159 2,004,687,609 17.0 17.6 603,204,781 491,604,937 41 43 3,072,947,361 2,490,731,214 20.8 21.8 82, 653, .157 76, 058, 167 1 For 1905 the population is estimated. Difference in the character of industries also has its efl^ect upon the totals for value of products. In slaughtering and meat packing and in smelting and refining, for instance, there is a greater cost of materials relative to value of products than in most other industries. The value of products of a city in which such kinds of manufacture figure largely will be out of proportion to the city's real industrial importance. At the census of 1905 the three cities having a popu- lation of over 1,000,000 each contain a comparatively small proportion — 8.9 per cent — of the estimated popu- lation, but represent the greatest concentration of in- dustry shown in Table ccxxxv; they have the largest proportion, 16.7 per cent, of the establishments, and also the largest proportion, 20.8 per cent, of the value of products. The 6 cities having a population of 500,000 and over contained only about 11 per cent of the population of the United States, yet for them was reported nearly one-fourth of the total value of prod- ucts. The group of 457 cities with a population of from 8,000 to 50,000 represents a larger proportion of the capital, wage-earners, wages, and cost of materials in 1905 than did any other one group, but this large num- ber of places covers a much greater area and therefore does not represent such a pronounced concentration of manufactures as the 3 largest cities. Detailed summary. — Table ccxxxvi presents certain details for urban and rural manufactures as reported at the census of 1905, which were not included in Table ccxxix because comparative data were not available for the census of 1900. The details contained in the table assist in deter- mining more definitely the elements in which there is the greatest concentration in the cities. For example, "land" and "cash and sundries" are the two items of capital which show such concentration to the greatest extent. Land is more valuable in the cities, and there- fore represents a larger proportion of the capital of the urban manufactures. The large proportion, 71.3 per cent, shown for cash and sundries, should not, how- ever, be accepted as an indication that it is the general practice of establishments in cities to carry a larger amount of live capital than do the factories in the rural districts, but merely that at the census of 1905 there was a larger proportion of such capital in the urban districts. The amount paid for "rent of works" is re- lated to capital, because it represents an expenditure for the use of the plant, and the amount reported for rent of works at the census of 1905, 89.6 per cent was returned by the establishments in the 544 cities and towns, the largest proportion appearing for any of the items in this table. Next to rent, the largest proportions shown for urban manufactures are those for women wage-earners. The factories in the 544 cities and towns covered by these statistics gave em- ployment to 78.5 per cent of the 1,065,884 women wage-earners and 81 per cent of the total wages paid to women reported by all establislmients in 1905, in- dicating the impol'tance of this class of wage-earners in the manufacturing industries of the urban districts. cclxxiv MANUFACTURES. Table CCXXXVI.— DETAILED SUMMARY— THE UNITED STATES AND URBAN AND RURAL MANUFACTURES: 1905. Number of establishments Capital: Total Land Buildirlgs Machinery, tools, and implements Cash and sundries Proprietors and firm members Salaried officials, clerics, etc.: Total number Total salaries Wage-earners, average number and total wages: Total average number Total wages Men 16 years and over- Average number Wages Women 16 years and over- Average number .-. . Wages Children under 16 years — Average number Wages Miscellaneous e:3tpenses: Total Rent of works Taxes, not including internal rbvenue Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work Cost of materials used; Total Principal materials, including mill supplies and freight Fuel, and rent of power and heat Value of products, including custom work and repairing : . . United States. SI, 996,: $3, 489, : $6, 219, ! 216,262 $12,686,265,673 " ",560,625 , 125, 808 , 759, 836 , 829, 404 226, 704 619, 761 761,231 470, 321 640, 632 244, 538 273, 317 065, 884 279,008 169, 899 988,207 019, 473 267,209 697,616 732, 132 322, 516 949, 766 912, 347 037, 409 147,087 S574, 5, $2,611, 4, $2,266, 1, $317, $27, $1, 455, $73, $58, $1,177, $145, $8, 603, $8, 178, $325, $14,802, 113, 101 38,566,221,283 $684, 596, 448 $1,264,842,407 $2,193,918,884 $4, 432, 864, 544 113,740 $438, 3, $1,796, 2, $1,621, $256, $18, $1, 110, $65, $40, $898, $105, $6, 849, $5,664, $184, $10, 310, 390, 713 685, 154 624,829 277,612 689, 883 142, 009 836, 836 932,716 98, 110 202, 887 261,278 670, 821 189, 713 624. 694 876; 050 806, 632 921,190 884, 342 285, 063 Per cent of United States. 52.3 67.5 69.8 62.9 62.9 71.3 50.4 76.2 76.3 66.3 68.8 63.4 67.1 78.5 81.0 61.4 66.0 68.6 76.3 72.9 69.3 56.9 69.7 103, 161 $4,120,044,390 $295,965,177 $741,283,401 $1,295,840,952 -51,786,964,860 111,964 129,038 $136,076,077 1,845,492 $816,262,920 1, 554, 665 $746,131,308 229,048 $60, 346, 292 61, 789 $9,785,320 $344,768,195 $7,596,388 $18,507,903 $279,207,438 $39, 446, 466 82,654,144,224 $2,613,991,167 $140,163,067 $4,491,862,024 Per cent of United States. 47.7 32.5 30.2 37.1 37.1 28.7 49.6 24.8 23.7 33.7 31.2 36.6 32.9 21.5 19.0 38.6 35.0 23.7 10.4 31.6 23.7 27.1 31.2 30.7 43.1 30.3 States hy geographic divisions. — The percentages of increase in the urban and rural manufactures of the states and territories are shown in the reports for the different states and territories contained in Part II. To enable a comparison of the rate of increase in different states, the percentages for number of estab- lishments, capital, average number of wage-earners, wages, and value of products are reproduced in Table ccxxxvii, the states and territories being arranged in geographic divisions. Except in number of establishments the percentages of increase are greater for rural than for urban manu- factures in the United States as a whole. They are also greater in the North Atlantic, South Atlantic, South Central, and Western divisions. Urban districts show the largest percentages of increase in number of wage- earners and in value of products in the Basin and Plateau division, with 36.3 per cent and 90.9 per cent, respectively. The Rocky Mountain division made the smallest relative increases, Avith six-tenths of 1 per cent in number of wage-earners and 14.6 per cent in value of products. The rural districts show the largest pro- portional increase for these two items in the Basin and Plateau division, with 57.6 per cent in number of wage-earners and 74.4 per cent in value of products; and the smallest in the New England division, with 8.6 per cent and 21.1 per cent, respectively. Indian Terri- tory, Oklahoma, and Idaho show the largest percentages of increase in value of products and number of wage- earners because of the rapid industrial development of new territory. , The actual increase, however, was in- significant when compared with that for most of the older states, where this development has already reached a high stage, and which consequently show a much smaller relative increase. In the District of Columbia all the manufactures were urban; in the states of Idaho and Nevada, and in Indian Territory and the territories of Alaska, Arizona, and New Mexico all were rural. In 19 states and terri- tories a percentage of increase is shown in the number both of urban and rural establishments and in 11 of these the percentage for rural establishments is the greater. In 5 states there is a percentage of decrease for both urban and rural establishments and in 3 of these the percentage for the rural is the greater. In 5 states a decrease is shown for urban establishments accompanied by an increase for rural, while in 15 states a decrease appears for rural establishments accom- panied by an increase for the urban. In only 4 states are the percentages of increase for each of the four remaining items greater for urban districts; in 18 states they are greater for the rural districts. URBAN MANUFACTURES. cclxxv Table 0(^XXXVII.— PERCENTAGES OF INCREASE FOR URBAN AND RURAL MANUFACTURES, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS, STATES, AND TERRITORIES: 1905. GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION AND STATE OK TEEEITORY. United States . Urban. Rural.. Num- ber o( estab- lish- ments. 6.2 2.1 Capital, Continental United States. Urban. Rural.. U. 2 2.1 North Atlantic division . Urban. Rural . . New England. Urban. Rural - . Maine... Urban. Rural.. New Hampshire. Urban Rural Vermont - Urban.. Rural.. Massachusetts . Urban Rural Rhode Island. Urban Rural Coimecticut. Urban Rural Southern North Atlantic. u.o '1.7 9.3 ■1.6 12.8 18.6 15.1 110.3 112.3 121.8 110.7 11.9 11.9 11.7 13.6 12.5 18.9 2.8 8.9 14.4 2.8 Urban . Rural.. New York. Urban... Rural New Jersey - Urban Rural Pennsylvania. Urban Rural 4.7 iQ.S 3.4 5.7 13.2 9.3 8.8 10.3 0.1 1.0 10.9 South Atlantic division. Urban. Rural. - 4.7 1.2 Northern South Atlantic . Urban. Rural . . Delaware. Urban.. Rural . . . Ma-ryland. Urban.. Rural... District of Columbia . Urban Rural 12.2 5.9 10.3 15.7 3. .5 10,9 14,0 4.7 11.8 ■1,8 41.3 34.2 58.7 34.2 58.5 1.8 33.4 3.3 ■1.1 28.3 4S.2 11.3 24.1 23.2 20.5 26.1 6.2 36.3 18.8 17.6 20.9 44.0 17.2 49.8 23.5 23.7 22.7 22.0 21.8 23.0 24.8 27.9 19.5 37.4 WAGE-EAENEKS AND WAGES. 30.5 59.1 33.3 29.2 I 55.1 49.8 38.1 97.4 37.7 29.0 53.9 42.5 76.9 41.4 64.9 31.3 25.4 43.9 35.3 40.1 21,0 12.5 12.5 Virginia. Urban. Rural. . West Virginia. Urban Rural (2) I 60.3 1 0. 9 59. 8 0.3 i 61.0 15.6 i 76.8 11.0 60.9 16.6 I 91.7 Southern South Atlantic. 2.0 79.1 Urban. Rural . . ■North Carolina. Urban Rural 28.3 I 12.2 ' 16.6 21.7 18.0 45.9 93.2 106.5 60.7 117.4 -Vvcr- ago I Wages. numt)pr. 10. 29.9 14.9 26.8 18.3 14.9 18.3 14.1 17.9 11.2 8.6 7.2 1.4 10. 6 13.4 11.1 16.3 17.5 12.5 18.7 11.4 11.9 9.5 10.3 9.6 13.6 13.7 17.1 8.1 17.6 15.5 24.1 17.9 17.7 18.9 24.6 1 23.1 I 28.8 15.0 9.7 ; 25.7 14.0 10.3 16.5 10.4 4.7 19.2 UO.l 16.5 US. 8 0.2 1 0, r, 2,3 2,3 21.2 14.3 28.3 32.3 23.3 36.1 30.0 26.8 37.7 22.3 31.0 19.4 19.0 20.5 27.1 9.2 38.5 7.1 8.4 5.4 33.2 23.5 36.1 19.0 19.5 16.8 19.8 19.6 20.3 19.8 22.0 15.7 23.9 37.6 27,5 26.7 32.3 34.7 31.6 45.8 23.9 17.0 38.4 24.2 43,8 17.2 43.3 13.5 12.5 17.5 11.5 11.9 10.1 21.0 21.0 37.8 29.8 47.6 67.4 43.3 79.6 45.0 Value of prod- ucts. 29.7 26.6 37.4 29.7 26.6 37.3 26.3 26.4 16.3 47.3 44.2 18. 62. 1 15.2 43.7 18.5 1 63.8 ll 24.3 33.0 22.4 21.1 27.5 15.9 34.0 14.9 17.7 11.0 22.5 13.6 24.8 23.8 25.0 18.7 22.1 20.6 29.1 17.1 17.4 16.6 25.0 39.1 32.9 32.1 38.6 40.0 35.3 55.6 18.6 10.6 36.3 25.9 47.2 23.9 18.1 32.6 10.4 10.6 1,0.3 15.3 14.1 17. S 11.8 11.8 37.0 28.1 46.2 47.8 48.2 47.6 68.3 52.3 60.8 67.1 58.5 69.1 GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION AND STATE OR TEERITORY. Southern South Atlantic— Con. South Carolina Urban Rural Georgia.. Urban. Rural . . Florida.. Urban. Rural.. North Central division. Urban . Rural . . Eastern North Central . Urban. Rural.. Ohio Urban. Rural . . Indiana. . Urban. Rural . . Illinois. . Urban. Rural . . Michigan. Urban. . Rural.. Wisconsin. Urban. . . Rural Western North Central. Urban . Rural.. Minnesota. XTrban. . . Rural Iowa Urban. Rural - . Missouri. Urban. Rural.. North Dakota. Urban Rural South Dakota. Urban Rural Nebraska. Urban. . Rural . . . Kansas . . Urban. Rural. - South Central division. Urban . Rural . . Eastern South Central- Urban. Rural.. Kentucky. . Urban .. . Rural Tennessee . . Urban .. . Rural Alabama . . . Urban... Rural Mississippi. Urban Rural Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 2.2 12.8 0.4 6.i lO.i 2.4 11.2 11.8 18.2 3.8 6.4 11.9 1.9 8.9 13.4 9.1 9.9 8.7 3.7 5.0 2.8 16.1 14.5 17.2 10.9 9.1 15.5 15.7 12.5 19.6 50.4 30.6 52.8 9.9 27.1 7.3 13.5 5.2 7.7 6.7 8.1 11.3 6.6 8.5 0.3 2.4 11.5 5.1 1.9 22.5 15.1 15.9 14.0 110,3 17,5 32.9 16.4 Capital. 22.0 95.7 70.5 43.3 93.1 28.4 69.2 7.9 40,0 50.3 37.3 51.9 50.1 47.5 59.0 42.3 39.0 47.5 33.2 27.7 73.3 36.8 35.1 39.5 44.3 47.0 38.3 49.8 45.0 38.9 37.2 42.8 30.1 29.2 32.5 69.5 70.^ 64.6 62.4 4.6 25.3 88.5 13.9 21.7 15.4 44.5 49.1 60.3 37.6 71.6 56.1 84.4 73.2 63.7 81.7 67.4 75.1 51.9 62.2 52.6 75.2 75.2 56.2 79.8 121.3 16.2 142.3 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Aver- age number. 26.4 17.4 28.1 11.3 21.0 7.4 18.7 61.1 7.2 14.7 15.4 13.0 14.9 11.9 18,2 17.2 21,2 10.9 15.3 4.3 14-. 11.8 27.5 12.6 24.1 13.4 10.1 9.2 11.6 17.4 17.6 16.9 7.9 10.7 3.3 11.4 14.3 4.4 23.6 23.8 22.9 29.2 25.7 30.3 12.1 49.6 6.0 8.6 3.1 20.1 31,2 18.9 53.4 26.5 21.3 27.9 22.0 26.7 15.6 12.8 20.5 31.8 36.0 27.2 18.0 21.9 17.0 44.4 9.1 48.0 Wages. 51.9 32.6 56.8 37.2 38.6 36.5 44.4 73.5 29.4 31.0 31.7 29.4 31.1 27.5 33.7 34.0 33.0 21.6 27.2 12.8 31.0 28.3 49.3 30.0 42.4 12.7 28.3 26.7 32.6 34.0 36.3 23.6 26.2 18.9 27.6 32.0 16.8 42.7 41.7 47.1 53.6 34.0 59.9 26.8 63.7 20.0 24.7 17.2 42.0 47.5 30.5 78.6 63.0 36.3 65.5 37.4 60.3 32.4 29.1 39.1 54.9 54.2 56.7 46.7 26.4 53.3 87.4 35.1 94.3 Value of prod- ucts. 48.8 27.0 54.7 59.8 49.4 66.7 47.1 75.0 30.0 27.8 27.1 29.8 26.3 26.7 28.3 30.1 23.0 16.9 13.2 23.4 25.8 23.4 44.0 34.2 43.2 21.7 25.8 27.8 22.6 32.0 29.7 37.7 37.6 29.7 51.9 20.8 25.7 9.9 39.0 37.8 43.0 63.2 15.7 80.1 37.3 114.8 29.4 18.9 14.8 41.7 28.7 30.2 25.7 52.3 42.5 60.9 35.5 49.8 26.3 29.0 20.8 48.7 54.8 41.9 51.4 14.9 64.4 70.4 35.6 75.6 5 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. cclxxvi MANUFACTURES. Table COXXXVII.— PERCENTAGES OF INCREASE FOR URBAN AND RURAL MANUFACTURES, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS, STATES, AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Ctiliital. 69.6 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Value of prod- ucts. GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION AND STATE OR TERRITORY. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Capital. WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Value of prod- ucts. OR TERRITORY. Aver- age number. Wages. Aver- age number. Wages. South Central division — Con. 15.4 2fi.5 57.2 64.6 Western division— Continued. Rocky Mountain— Continued. Colorado Urban Rural New Mexico 21.4 21.3 21.5 14.4 85.1 15.9 245.5 114.7 11.9 7.6 17.5 39.7 29.0 24.2 35.5 79.5 12.4 Urban.. .. . 15.1 15.5 14.5 6.2 20.3 9.2 20.4 7.9 160.3 46.0 87.4 49.5 39.5 57.5 82.4 70.9 85.7 215.1 20.2 29.7 36.6 12.9 54.0 5.0 67.7- 12.0 107.6 34.6 71.5 71.9 27.8 107.8 42.8 88.5 36.3 201.7 52.5 73.9 67.3 48.9 88.6 36.0 62.9 29.6 200.8 11.9 28.1 Louisiana 40.5 Rural Rural 14.4 7.5 114.7 80.5 39.7 60.9 79.5 81.8 1 40.6 Basin and Plateau 76.7 Urban Rural fr 24.9 1.8 9.7 82.8 80.0 51.3 36.3 57.6 53.3 60.6 90.1 73.5 90.9 74.4 Arizona Urban 37.4 Rural 160.3 107.9 78.3 110.2 1.6 16.6 ■5.5 29.0 215.1 351.1 459.1 294.8 81.7 40.0 124.6 73.1 107.6 147.2 128.4 157.6 27.1 15.9 36.0 29.3 201.7 221.6 203.4 233,0 44.7 27.8 61.9 68.7 200.8 200.6 226.1 191.2 62.0 49.8 72.2 44.8 9.7 5.4 24.9 15.4 16.2 51.3 96.7 82.8 103.2 131.1 63.3 48.8 36.3 62.5 69.1 73.6 86.7 60.6 119.2 96.7 37.4 Utah Urban 116.5 Urban 90.9 127.8 Nevada -.- Urban 145. 5 l{i.2 34.4 J31.1 72.6 69.1 33.2 96.7 66.5 146.6 61.2 TTrhnn 30.5 ' 27.7 17.3 51.7 98.7 72.6 27.9 30.8 10.4 64.3 63.5 31.0 44.2 46.6 21.3 33.6 35.1 42.8 44.4 41.9 13.9 9.1 16.1 36.9 34.7 40.1 70.8 69.7 76.3 133.2 135.8 131.0 65.2 61.2 69.5 61.1 60.1 62.5 199.4 34.4 31.8 43.4 41.8' 44.2 28.1 48.8 13.2 ^ 30.0 31.0 28.2 114.2 65.1 68.2 76.3 72.6 78.3 67.7 94.4 46.7 62.1 69.9 66.0 120.3 54.7 Rural 46.8 81 9 17.9 17.0 13.3 0.7 15.4 2li.8 9.4 166.7 37.6 33.4 44.2 354.9 0.6 19.0 19.1 114.7 14.0 97.2 20.1 41.9 17.3 15.6 19.1 151.7 14.6 28.9 25.9 38.9 4.9 192.2 87.5 Rural Rural - 77.0 Montana Oregon 51.7 66.3 35.8 Idaho California Urban 42.7 46.0 2li. S 21.6 10.3 24.5 354.9 31.6 13.4 45.1 97.2 111.0 15.9 114.2 161.7 4.3 1.6 6.6 192.2 7.8 16.6 17.7 37.8 Alaska .... 96.6 Urban Urban Rural Rural 70.8 199.4 114.2 120.3 96.6 1 Decrease. Leading industries in principal cities. — Table coxxxviii shows, for the censuses of 1905 and 1900, the 6 leading industries in each of 25 cities selected as the leaders in industrial production. Table ooxxxix shows the rank of cities in each of 16 selected industries. The industries appear in the order of their rank by value of products in the United States, and for each industry the 6 cities are given which reported the largest value of products for the industry. Where one branch of an industry is of sufficient im- portance it is the custom of the Census Bureau to give that branch a distinct classification and present it sepa- rately in the various tables. In compiling Tables ccxxxviii and ccxxxix, however, it seemed desirable that some of the industries should be presented in their entirety; therefore the classifications covering the differ- ent branches were combined. The industry of slaugh- tering and meat packing, for example, as given in the tables includes the two classes "slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale," and "slaughtering, wholesale, not including meat packing." While the same industries appear as leading indus- tries in a number of the selected cities in 1905, only 6 ranked first in more than one city. Not only is there this varietur, but since 1900 the relative importance of one or more of the industries has changed in every city but one. According to Table ooxxxviii the only city for which no change in rank of industries is shown is Providence, R. I., each of the leading industries occu- pying the same relative position at the census of 1905 as it did in 1900, although all reported gains. In Mil- waukee and San Francisco the same industries appear in 1905 as in 1900, although there were numerous changes in their ranking. URBAN MANUFACTURES. cclxxvii Radical changes have occurred in the city of Alle- gheny, Pa., where, although there was a decrease in total value of products, certain industries made sub- stantial increases. In 1900 "cars, steam railroad, not including the operations of railroad companies," held first place, although represented by but 1 estab- lishment; in 1905 the industry had disappeared. In the latter year slaughtering and meat packing attained first place, advancing from fifth. A decrease in value of products for iron and steel caused that industry to fall from second place in 1900 to fourth in 1905, exchanging places with "pickles, preserves, and sauces,'' which showed a corresponding increase in value of products. "Foundry and machine shop products" remained third in rank, and "structural ironwork" went from sixth to fifth place. Sixth place in 1905 was occupied by "cars and general shop construction and repau's by steam railroad com- panies." Such changes, however, are constantly taking place in the relative position of manufacturing industries, and the illustrations here given are largely characteristic of the whole. The wide distribution of certain industries and the concentration of certain others are indicated by Table ccxxxix. The clothing industry has the greatest con- centration, more than 50 per cent of the value being produced in New York city in 1905, notwithstanding which fact it appears as the leading industry in 4 of the 25 cities. An example of wide distribution is found in "foundry and machine shop products," which in 1905 appears as one of the 6 principal industries in, 20 of the selected cities, holding first place in 2, second in 6, third in 7, fourth in 2, fifth in 1, and sixth in 2. Changes were most frequent among the industries holding • sixth place, numbering 18 in the 25 cities. For fifth place there were 15 changes. This disturb- ance in rank decreases gradually as the higher ranks are reached. For the industries ranking fourth changes occurred in 14 cities; for those ranking third, in 15 cities; for those ranking second, in 12 cities; and for those ranking first, in only 3 cities. In Table ccxxxix New York city ranks first in 5 of the industries and Chicago in 3, while no other city ranks first in more than 1 industry. Comparatively little change in ranking has occurred among" the cities producing the 6^ largest values of product in any of the 15 industries represented in the table. In 1905 the same city as in 1900 held first place in each of the industries, with the exception of furniture and of electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies, while the city holding second place had changed in 7 indus- tries, and the cities holding third, fourth, fifth, and sixth places in 8 industries each. A comparison of Tables ccxxxviii and ccxxxix develops some facts of interest. For Chicago there was reported a larger value of products for "slaugh- tering and, meat packing" than for any other city, and from Table ccxxxviii it appears that this industry was also the leading one for the city. On the other hand, the largest value of products in "leather, tanned, curried, and finished" was reported for Philadelphia, although the industry was not among the 6 leading manufactures of the city. For "foundry and machine shop products," however, which appears as the prin- cipal industry in Philadelphia, the largest value of products in the industry was reported for Chicago. cclxxviii MANUFACTURES. Table CCXXXVIII.— RANK OF SIX PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES IN 15 New York, N.Y. Chicago, III Philadelphia, Pa- st. Louis, Mo Bos^^on, Mass. . . . Cleveland, Ohio. . CiBcinnati, Ohio.. Pittsburg, Pa. Baltimore. Md. 10 Newark, N.J. 11 Buffalo, N.Y. 13 San Francisco, Cal. M Detroit, Mich Ill Providence, R. I. 17 I Nev Orleans, La. Louisville, Ky., . Rochester, N. Y. 20 I Indianapolis, Ind . Jersey City, N. J. 22 Lynn, Mass. 23 Paterson, N.J... 24 I Worcester, Mass. 25 I Allegheny, Pa..., Census. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1/ 1905 ■ { 1900 i 1905 1900 12 j Milwaukee. Wis | J^^'^ 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 Minneapolis, Minn ''. .qj,^ f 1905 I 1900 i 1905 { 1900 f 1905 :i 1900 'l 1905 \ 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 Clothing Clothing Slaughtering and meat packing Slaughtering and meat packing Foundry and machine shop products Foundry and machine shop products Tobacco manufacture Tobacco manufacture Printing and publishing Printing and publishing Iron and steel Iron and steel Clothing Clothing Iron and steel Iron and steel Clothing Clothing Smelting and refining Smelting and refining Slaughtering and meat packing Slaughtering and meat packing Liquors, malt Foundry and machine shop products Sugar and molasses, refining Sugar and molasses, refining Foundry and machine shop products Cars, not including operations of railroad companies. Flour and grist mill products Flour and grist mill products Worsted goods , Worsted goods , Sugar and molasses, refining Sugar and molasses, refining , Tobacco manufacture , Tobacco manufacture , Clothing , Clothmg , Slaughtering and meat packing , Slaughtering and meat packing , Sugar and molasses, refining , Sugar and molasses, refining , Boots and shoes Boots and shoes Silk and silk goods , Silk and silk goods Iron and steel Iron and steel Slaughtering and meat packing Cars, not including operations of railroad companies. Second. Printing and publishing Sugar and molasses, refining. Clothing. Clothing - Sugar and molasses, refijiing. Sugar and molasses, refining. Liquors, malt Slaughtering and meat packing. Clothing Sugar and molasses, refining. Foundry and machine shop products. Foundry and machine shop products . Slaughtering and meat packing Foundry and machine snop products. Foundry and machine shop products . Foundry and machine shop products. Tobacco manufacture Canning and preserving Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. Foundry and machine shop products . . Smelting and refining Leather, tanned, curried, and finished . Liquors, malt Printing and publishing Foundry and machine shop products. Cars, not including operations of railroad companies, Ldr Foundry and machine shop products. Lumber and timber products Lumber and timber products Jewelry. Jewelry. Rice, cleaning and polishing. Bags, other than paper Oil, cottonseed and cake. Oil, cottonseed and cake. Boots and shoes. Boots and shoes. Foundry and machine shop products. Foundry and machine shop products. Slaughtering and meat packing Slaughtering and meat packing Electrical machinery, apparatus, and sup- plies. Boot and shoe cut stock Foundry and machine shop products. Foundry and machine shop products. Foundry and machine shop products. Foundry and machine shop products. Pickles, preserves, and sauces. Iron and steel URBAN MANUFACTURES. cclxxix EACH OF TWENTY-FIVE SELECTED CITIES. 1905 AND 1900. Third. Sugar and molasses, refining Printing and publishing Foundry and machine shop products. Foundry and machine shop products. Clothing Clothing Boots and shoes Liquors, malt Sugar and molasses, refining Clothing Clothing Clothing Foundry and machine shop products. Slaughtering and meat packing Printing and publishing ■. Structural ironwork Foundry and machine shop products... Tobacco manufacture Liquors, malt Liquors, malt Flour and grist mill products Foundry and machine shop products... Foundry and machine shop products, Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. Foundry and machine shop products... Slaughtering and meat packing Druggists' preparations: Tobacco manufacture Oil, linseed Bags, other than paper Foundry and machine shop products- Foundry and machine shop products.. Bags, other than paper Rice, cleaning and polishing Slaughtering and meat packing Slaughtering and meat packing Petroleum, refining Foundry and machine shop products.. Flour and grist mill^products Flour and grist mill products Soap and candles Tobacco manufacture Boot and shoe cut stock Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. Dyeing and finishing textiles Dyeing and finishing textiles Slaughtering and meat packing Slaughtering and meat packing Foundry and machine shop products... Foundry and machine shop products... Fourth. Slaughtering and meat packing Slaughtering and meat packing Printing and publishing Printing and publishing Printing and publishing Printing and publishing Slaughtering and meat packing Foundry and machine shop products.. Foundry and machine shop products.. Foundry and machine shop products.. Slaughtering and meat packing Slaughtering and meat packing Boots and shoes Liquors, distilled Bread and other bakery products Iron and steel pipe, wrought Tinsmithiug, coppersmithing, and sheet iron working. Foundry and machine shop products.. Jewelry Jewelry Oil, linseed Oil, linseed Iron and steel Iron and steel Slaughtering and meat packing Shipbuilding Tobacco manufacture Druggists' preparations Bags, other than paper Printing and publishing Silversmithing and silverware Silversmithing and silverware Oil, cottonseed and cake Clothing Clothing ■, Foundry and machine shop products.. Photographic materials Tobacco manufacture Printing and publishing Printing and publishing Foundry and machine shop products.. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by railroad companies. Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. Leather, tanned, curried, and finished., Slaughtering and meat packing Iron and steel , Clothing , Boots and shoes Iron and steel Pickles, preserves, and sauces Fifth. Tobacco manufacture Tobacco manufacture I ron and steel Iron and steel Worsted goods Carpets and rugs, other than rag . Printing and publishing Printing and publishing Liquors, malt Liquors, malt Printing and publishing Liquors, malt Liquors, distilled Boots and shoes Cars and general shop construction and repairs by railroad companies. Printing and publishing Canning and preserving Slaughtering and meat packing Foundry and machine shop products. Foundry and machine shop products. Smelting and refining Cars and general shop construction and repairs by railroad companies. Flour and grist mill products Flour and grist mill products Shipbuilding Printing and publishing Automobiles Slaughtering and meat packing Printing and publishing Foundry and machine shop products. Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore. Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore. Tobacco manufacture Tobacco manufacture Flour and grist mill products Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Foundry and machine shop products. Flour and grist mill products Furniture Carriages and wagons Cars and general shop construction and repairs by railroad companies. Chemicals Patent medicines and compounds Patent medicines and compounds Iron and steel Liquors, malt Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Woolen goods Structural ironwork. . . -. Slaughtering and meat packing B read and other bakery products Foundry and machine shop products. Cars, not including operations of rail- road companies. Agricultural implements Petroleum, refining Petroleum, refining Foundry and machine shop products. Clothing Confectionery Chocolate and cocoa products Petroleum, refining Printing and publishing Printing and publishing TolDacco manufacture SI aught eringiand meat packing Liquors, malt Shirts Tinsmithing, coppersmithing, and sheet iron working. H^ts, felt Slaughtering and meat packing Liquors, malt Liquors, malt Slaughtering and meat packing Slaughtering and meat packing Clothing Clothing Slaughtering and meat packing Iron and steel Lumber, planing mill products, in- cluding sash, doors, and blinds. Lumber, planing mill products, in- cluding sash, doors, and blinds. Cotton goods Cotton goods Printing and publishing Foundry and machine shop products. Liquors, distilled Liquors, distilled Flour and grist mill products Liquors, mal't Cars and general shop construction and repairs by railroad companies.. Liquors, malt Tobacco manufacture Soap and candles Boot and shoe findings Foundry and machine shop products. Shirts Slaughtering and meat packing AVoolen goods Wirework, including wire rope and cable. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by railroad companies. - Structural ironwork I- }t3 20 I23 ►25 cclxxx MANUFACTURES. Table CCXXXIX.— RANK OF SIX PRINCIPAL CITIES IN EACH 10 11 1^ 13 14 IS Census. First. if 1905 Slaughtering and meat paclcing i jjgj^g Iron and steei i Jgjjg Foundry and macliine stiop products i i ^x^ f IPO'S Fiour and grist mill products { Jqqq Clothing '{l900 Printing and pubiisliing If 1905 1 1 1900 Cotton goods I \^ Tobacco manufacture '. .qqq Boots and shoes Liquors, malt Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. I 1905 \ 1900 I 1905 if 1900 Lumber, planing mill products, including sash, doors, and blinds. Furnituro Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies . f 1905 I 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 I 1905 1 1900 Silk and silk goods i { J^^ Chicago, 111 . Chicago, 111- Pittsburg, Pa. Pittsburg, Pa. Chicago, 111. Chicago, 111- Minneapolis, Minn . Minneapolis, Minn. New York, N. Y. New York, N. Y. New York, N. Y- New York, N. Y- Fall River, Mass . Fall River, Mass. New York, N. Y. New York, N. Y. Brockton, Mass. . Brockton, Mass. . New York, N.Y. New York, N. Y. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Second. Kansas City, Kans . Kansas City, Kans . Chicago, 111 McKeesport, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Nev.' York, N. Y . New York, N. Y. New Y'ork, N. Y. Chicago, III. Chicago, 111. Chicago, 111- Chicago, 111 - New Bedford, Mass- Philadelphia, Pa St. Louis, Mo. St. Louis, Mo. Lynn, Mass- Lynn, Mass. Milwaukee, Wis. Chicago, 111 Milwaukee, Wis. Newark, N. J New York, N. Y i Chicago, 111 NewYork, N. Y Chicago, 111 NewYork, N. Y. Chicago, 111 New York, N.Y. Chicago, 111 Schenectady, N.Y Chicago, 111 Chicago, 111 New York, N. Y - Paterson, N. J New York, N. Y. Paterson, N. J New York, N. Y. 1 Includes " locomotives " and " stoves and furnaces." URBAN MANUFACTURES. OF FIFTEEN SELECTED INDUSTRIES: 1905 AND 1900. ccixxxi South Omaha, Nebr. South Omaha, Nebr. Youngstown, Ohio., Chicago, 111 New York, N.Y. Philadelphia, Pa. Buflalo, N. Y .. Milwaukee, Yv is. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Lowell, Mass. Lowell, Mass. Louisville, Ky. Louisville, Ky. St. Louis, Mo, . . Haverhill, Mass. St. Louis, Mo. - Milwaukee. Wis Newark, N. J Milwaukee, Wis Buffalo, N. Y Philadelphia, Pa Grand Rapids, Mich, Grand Rapids, Mich. New York, N. Y Schenectady, X. Y... Philadelphia, Pa Philadelphia, Pa Fourth, New York, N. Y New York, N. Y Cleveland, Ohio Youngstown, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Milwaukee, Wis Chicago, 111 Baltimore, Md Baltimore, Md Boston, Mass Boston, Mass Philadelphia, Pa New Bedford, Mass. . - Chicago, 111 Richmond, Va Haverhill, Mass New York, N. Y Chicago, 111 Philadelphia, Pa Wilmington, Del Wilmington, Del Minneapolis, Minn Buffalo, N. Y Philadelphia, Pa Philadelphia, Pa Lynn, Mass Lynn, Mass Scranton, Pa West Hoboken, N. J.. East St. Louis, 111.. East St. Louis, 111. . Duquesne, Pa Cleveland, Ohio Detroit, Mich Pittsburg, Pa Kansas City, Mo Toledo, Ohio Cincinnati, Ohio Cincinnati, Ohio St. Louis, Mo St. Louis, Mo Manchester, N. H. . . Manchester, N. H . . , Baltimore, Md Baltimore, Md New York, N. Y Cincinnati, Ohio Philadelphia, Pa St. Louis, Mo Chicago, 111 Chicago, 111 Philadelphia, Pa St, Louis Mo Cincinnati, Ohio Cincinnati, Ohio Philadelphia, Pa Philadelphia, Pa West Hoboken, N. J Scranton, Pa Sixth. Indianapolis, Ind. Indianapolis, Ind. Johnstown, Pa. Duquesne, Pa. . Cincinnati, Ohio. Milwaukee, Wis. . Seattle, Wash Indianapolis, Ind. Boston, Mass... Rochester, N. Y. San Francisco, Cal. Cincinnati, Ohio Pawtucket, R. I Winston, N. C... Philadelphia, Pa. Milwaukee, Wis Minneapolis, Minn. St. Louis, Mo. St. Louis, Mo. East Providence, R. I. East Providence, R. I. AUentown, Pa. AUentown, Pa. :}' J. £tV¥l/Lt^Ji.CU, iV. i _._... I , Lawrence, Mass f Cinciimati, Ohio 1 „ St. Louis, Mo f ^ Newark, N. J. Newark, N. J. Peabody, Mass^ i, , Peabody, Mass !f cclxxxii MANUFACTURES. Oities and states compared. — The importance of manufactures in the large cities is more fully evident when the totals for the separate cities are compared with the totals for the larger political units, such as states, which contain a greater area, more abundant natural resources, and in most instances a larger population. A comparison of this character is made in Table ccxl, which gives the population and the value of products of manufactures in 30 of the prin- cipal cities, and shows for each city the number of states and territories exceeded by it in the value of products reported. The cities are ranked according to value of products m 1905. In 1900 the first 30 cities were not the same in all cases as those shown in the table, and the ranking for that year, therefore, indicates solely the relative importance, according to the figures for 1900, of the cities which comprised the group in 1905. Table CCXL.— PRINCIPAL CITIES IN MANUFACTURES, AND NUMBER OF STATES AND TERRITORIES OUTRANKED BY EACH IN VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1905 AND 1900. New York, N.Y. Chicago, lU Philadelphia, Pa. St. Louis, Mo Boston, Mass Cleveland, Ohio . . Cincinnati, Ohio. Pittsburg, Pa Baltimore, Md . . . Newark, N. J Buffalo, N. Y Milwaukee, Wis San Francisco, Cal. . Detroit, Mich Minneapolis, Minn. . Kansas City, Kans. Providence, R. I New Orleans, La. . . Louisville, Ky Rochester, N. Y Indianapolis, Ind Jersey City, N. J South Omaha, Nebr. Peoria, 111 Bayonne, N. J Lynn, Mass Paterson, N. J Omaha, Nebr Worcester, Mass. . . Youngstown, Ohio. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. Total. Rank. NUMBER OF STATES AND TERRITORIES OUTRANKED IN VALUE OF PROD- UCTS. 1905 51,526,523,006 956,036,277 591,388,078 267,307,038 184,351,163 172,115,101 166,069,050 166,428,881 151,546,580 160,055,227 147,377,873 138,881,645 137, 788, 233 128,761,668 121,693,120 96,473,050 91,980,963 84,604,006 83,204,125 82,747,370 82,227,960 75,740,934 67, 416, 177 60,920,411 60,633,761 55,003,023 54,673,083 54,003,704 62, 144, 965 48,126,885 1900 ,172,870,261 797,879,141 519,981,812 193,732,788 162, 764, 623 126,156,839 141,677,997 165,002,687 135,107,626 112, 728, 045 105, 627, 182 110,854,102 107,023,567 88,366,924 94,407,774 80,023,107 78,657,103 57,446,116 66,110,474 59, 6«8, 959 59,322,234 72,929,690 69,608,899 44,669,371 38, 601, 429 39,347,493 48,502,044 38,074,244 46,793,372 33,908,459 1905 1900 1905 1900 POPULATION. 3,887,762 1,932,315 1,392,389 624, 626 588,482 425, 632 341. 444 362,852 638,765 272, 950 372,008 308,343 360,298 2 317,591 260, 122 57,710 194,027 305, 132 219. 191 177,223 204, 772 227. 445 33, 177 63, 687 40,364 75,336 110,267 116, 963 126. 192 50,081 1900 3,437,202 1, 698, 575 1,293,697 576,238 560,892 381,768 326, 902 321,616 508,967 246,070 362, 387 285, 315 342, 782 286, 704 202,718 51,418 175, 597 287, 104 204,731 162, 608 169, 164 206, 433 26,001 56,100 32,722 68,513 105, 171 102, 555 118, 421 44,885 1 Estimated as of June 1. * The value of products, $1,526,523,006, reported for the city of New York at the census of 1905 exceeded that reported for each of 49 states and territories, in- cluding Alaska. Chicago, with products valued at $955,036,277, outranked 46 states and territories. The value of products for Philadelphia amounted to $591,388,078, and exceeded the amount reported for each of 45 states and territories. One of the striking features of the table is the com- paratively small population of some of the cities for which are shown products of value much greater than those for a number of states. For example. South Omaha, Nebr., at the census of 1905, reported prod- ucts valued at $67,415,177, which exceeded the value reported for each of 19 states and territories at that 2 State census. census. The population of South Omaha, estimated at 33,177 in 1904, was the smallest for ebuj city repre- sented in this table, although 7 had a lower ranking in value of products, and it did not approach in popu- lation that of any of the 19 states and territories it outranked in manufactures. The total for the city is increased out of proportion to the size of the city by the inclusion of slaughtering and meat packing, whole- sale, in which the cost of materials constitutes a very large percentage of the value of products. Youngstown, Ohio, had an estimated population of only 50,081, but its products of manufactures were valued at $48,126,885 in 1905, an amount in excess of that reported for each of 13 states. The prominence of this city is due to the iron and steel industry, for URBAN MANUFACTURES. cclxxxiii which, owing to the high proportion which the cost of materials forms of the value of the products, a larger relative value of products was reported than for most iudustries, although a comparatively small num- ber of wage-earners were employed. In 1905 Newark, N. J., retained the same position relative to the other cities shown in the table as in 1900; the increase in its value of products, however, was exceeded by the increase of 2 states, so that in 1905 its manufacturing preeminence extended over 2 less states than in 1900. Rank of cities. — Table 17 presents comparative sta- tistics for each of the 544 cities and towns included in the urban districts, as compiled for the censuses of 1905 and 1900. In Table ocxLi are presented, for 1900 and 1905, the 100 principal manufacturing cities arranged in the order of the value of products at the census of 1905. cclxxxiv MANUFACTURES. Table CCXLI.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR ONE HUNBRED PRINCIPAL * 31 32 47 I 48 New York, N. Y. Chicago, III Philadelphia, Pa. St. Louis, Mo 59 63 64 6S 66 67 68 Boston, Ma 1905 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1906 1900 Worcester, Muss _ - 1906 1900 Youngstown, Ohio 1906 1900 Cleveland, Ohio Cincinnati, Ohio Pittsburg, Pa Baltimore, Md Newark, N. J Buffalo, N. Y Milwaukee, Wis San Francisco, Cal . . . Detroit, Mich Minneapolis, Minn. . . Kansas City, Kans. . Providence, R. I New Orleans, La Louisville, Ky Rochester, N. Y Indianapolis, Ind Jersey City, N. J South Omaha, Nebr. Peoria, 111 Bayonne, N. J Lynn, Mass Paterson, N. J Omaha, Nebr Census. Lawrencr, M;ts^. Lowell, Mass. Allegheny, Pa 1905 1900 1906 1900 1906 1900 Toledo, Ohio t 1905 1900 E3TABLISH- MEKTS. 20,839 19,243 8,159 7,668 7,087 7,603 2,482 2,646 2,747 2,878 1,617 1,349 2,171 2,484 1,177 928 2,163 2,274 1,600 1,673 1,538 1,478 1,532 1,419 2,251 1,748 1,363 1,259 877 100 114 881 929 842 860 1,119 1,221 810 628 536 265 291 431 423 513 487 318 307 470 465 119 103 187 167 256 286 385 373 599 445 85 $1,042,946,487 853, 238, 133 637,743,474 611,249,431 520, 178, 654 446, 725, 392 265,936,570 150, 525, 899 131,662,822 130, 142, 663 166, 609, 252 93,021,316 130,271,811 103, 463, 842 202, 424, 240 160,570,413 148,763,503 107,216,770 119,026,172 97, 182, 390 137,023,114 96, 739, 635 162, 129, 641 106,603,870 102, 362, 378 69,643,100 91,228,214 67,223,682 66, 699, 604 60,176,730 27,773,422 18,236,338 95,666,407 79,686,394 58,647,304 42,858,215 79,998,733 44,015,944 71,629,724 46, 210, 445 63,419,820 34,736,571 82, 394, 841 78,612,223 20,664,166 16, 382, 386 22,243,821 26,638,370 50,296,704 26,251,109 23, 139, 185 16,036,623 63,695,586 46,893,628 34,657,961 32,956,435 48,771,862 41,384,128 42,370,660 22,063,869 60,063,193 48,827,445 54,809,038 45,609,908 58,341,154 51,203,845 ■ 38,643,390 23,788,291 Rank. 10 SALAKIED OFFICIALS, CLEKKS, ETC. Number. Rank. 63,586 43,783 40,276 32, 406 22,839 17, 498 11,381 8,867 9,428 7,691 6,883 6,006 8,190 6,164 5,976 3,929 6,806 5,601 5,135 4,146 6,264 3,767 5,106 4,077 5,190 3,413 5,940 4,947 3,542 2,158 1,160 2,063 3,051 2,493 2,346 1,579 3,126 2.491 4,295 3,061 4,116 2,326 2,379 1,614 875 769 782 686 746 248 1,706 1.175 1,859 1.199 966 791 2,043 1,326 791 414 633 648 964 684 2,297 1,921 2,293 1,162 Salaries. 10 92 76 $73,027,666 51,656,094 45, 601, 201 32,067,676 25,396,246 I 18,931,020 I 13, 474, 841 10,078,516 10, 464, 168 8, 179, 522 8,308,099 6,381,625 9,077,414 ] 6,437,089 i 7,146,220 4,291,809 7,086,614 5,871,110 6, 685, 231 5, 265, 512 5,542,132 3, 429, 473 5.869,600 4, 304, 609 6, 629, 948 3,929,372 6, 143, 636 4,726.201 3, 660, 129 2,112,861 1,216,068 1,910,765 3,818,697 3,063,324 2,400,868 1, 667, 472 3,366,997 2,594,662 4, 692, 139 3, 130, 523 4,096,269 2, 248. 407 2,989,880 2,038,967 949, 694 735,731 875, 060 708,970 1,036,787 412.799 1,530,374 963,647 2,163,909 1,588,313 1,079,796 765,724 2,376,913 1,706,139 936,284 478,369 971,244 996,945 1,345,120 929,302 2,606,773 2,059,341 2,291,688 1,142,884 Rank. 62 20 URBAN MANUFACTURES. CITIES IN MANUFACTURES, WITH RANK FOR EACH ITEM; 1905 AND 1900. cclxxxv WAGE-EAKNEUS AND "WAGES. TLJTO/.'TT'T T H VIT f /^OT^ J~\^IP ftX VALUE OF PRODUCTS, INCLUDING CUSTOM WORK AND REPAIR- ING. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Cbildren under 16 years. MIMLIl.ijLAW]:.vjuo EXPENSES. RIALS USED. Average number. Rank. Wages. Rank. Average number. Rank. Average number. Rank. Average number. 3,196 5,280 Rank. Amount. Rank. Amount. Rank. Amount. Rank. 464,716 388,586 1 1 $248,128,259 196,655,892 1 1 314,066 263,214 1 1 147, 454 120,092 1 1 4 3 8206,826,065 131,828,922 1 1 ((818,029,267 634,210,046 1 1 91,626,523,006 1,172,870,261 1 1 1 2 241,984 221,191 2 2 136,404,696 108. 727, 164 2 2 191,844 177,388 2 46,987 37,186 3 3 3,153 6,617 5 2 96,298,031 70,445,692 2 2 689,913,993 502,222,401 2 2 956,036,277 797,879,141 •2 2 3 4 228,899 214,775 3 3 107,640,307 94,737,389 3 3 153,681 144,293 3 3 61,830 58,037 2 2 13,388 12,445 1 1 55,449,026 39,854,009 3 3 333,352,212 296,174,969 3 3 591,388,078 519,981,812 3 3 5 6 82,698 64,832 4 5 42.642,368 29. 145, 127 4 4 62,626 48,870 4 4 16,772 13,570 6 8 3,300 2,392 3 6 ■ 37,183,096 27,404,021 6 4 137,739,927 101,838,142 4 4 267,307,038 193,732,788 4 4 7 8 59,160 52,853 7 8 31.873,185 28.208,926 6 5 40, 124 37,616 9 9 18, 169 14,744 6 6 867 594 22 29 25,006,898 18, 645, 743 7 7 94,602,913 82,296,297 7 6 184,351,163 162,764,523 5 6 9 10 64,095 52,862 6 33.471.513 24.691.891 5 7 63,358 44,213 5 6 9,374 8,216 16 17 1,363 433 13 36 15,062,862 9, 990, 737 13 13 97,701,529 66,084,468 6 11 172, 116, 101 126,156,839 6 9 11 12 58,584 64,942 S 6 27. .38.1. 669 23.103.724 8 43,387 40, 118 7 8 14,213 13,865 7 7 984 969 20 17 27,069,746 21,162,064 6 6 83,268,492 71,390,944 11 8 166, 059, 050 141,677,997 7 7 13 14 56,229 52,540 9 9 31,540,678 28,018,045 7 6 49,288 46,368 6 6 5,407 4,553 26 27 1,634 1,629 9 8 14,621,611 11,080,989 14 12 97,946,328 97,626,651 5 6 165,428,881 166,002,687 8 6 15 16 65,224 66, 571 5 4 25,633,550 23, 493, 427 9 8 41,571 41,016 8 7 19,767 21,677 4 4 3,886 3,878 2 4 18,224,852 12, 112, 419 9 10 81,014,029 76,222,830 12 7 151, 646, .WO 135,107,626 9 8 17 18 50,697 42,878 10 10 25,621.626 20,364,784 10 10 36,166 31, 193 12 11 13,093 10, 434 8 12 1,439 1,251 12 12 17,736,013 9,001,230 10 80,689,255 60,771,784 13 15 150,055,227 112,728,046 10 10 19 20 43,567 34,275 12 14 21.621.762 15.678.428 13 14 36, 441 28,937 10 12 6,739 4,828 21 26 387 610 40 31 16,083,614 8,604,939 12 16 88,367,338 65,938,462 9 12 147,377,873 105,627,182 11 13 21 22 43,640 41,220 13 11 20,910,009 17,102,266 14 12 33,202 31,766 13 10 8,093 6,666 18 20 2,245 2,908 6 5 20,754,926 16, 868, 977 8 8 71,706,220 59, 693, 700 16 16 138,881,545 110,864,102 12 11 23 24 38,429 32,555 16 16 26.015,427 17.258.604 11 11 30, 192 24,360 14 15 7,597 7,424 19 19 640 771 26 22 12,474,338 6, 850, 366 16 18 76,946,898 65,636,261 14 13 137,788,233 107,023,667 13 12 25 26 48,879 38,373 11 12 22.780.576 16.317,342 12 15 36,303 28, 001 11 13 10,810 9,137 13 14 1,766 1,235 7 13 15,866,288 9,779,533 11 14 66,792,687 47,007,497 16 18 128,761,668 88,365,924 14 15 27 28 21,752 19,620 24 25 11,460,386 9,383,404 22 22 18,483 16,640 19 22 3,202 2,826 44 41 67 154 83 61 9,220,861 4,168,196 19 27 89,086,269 68,909,670 8 9 121,693,120 94,407,774 15 14 29 30 10,529 9,483 58 54 6.449,439 4,268,875 57 56 9,344 8,373 49 47 833 765 77 74 352 345 42 39 3,975,364 2,612,439 40 38 83,883,022 68, 875, 468 10 10 96,473,050 80,023,107 16 16 31 32 39,804 38,368 14 13 19,554,968 16,931,442 15 13 26, 643 26.676 16 . 14 11, 410 11,073 10 11 1,761 1,619 8 9 7, 195, 102 5,077,732 21 21 49,973,310 42,560,664 20 19 91,980,963 78,657,103 17 17 33 34 17,631 16, 185 32 33 7. 444, 474 6,176,279 38 36 12,635 10,786 33 36 4,335 4,781 36 26 761 , 619 24 26 6,021,477 4,310,515 24 24 61,905,300 40, 386, 636 17 20 84,604,006 57,446,116 18 23 35 36 24,985 23,062 21 20 10.811,640 8,435,675 24 26 19,346 18, 513 18 16 4,638 3,396 33 34 1,001 1,153 19 14 12,272,141 12,106,067 17 11 46,681,703 34,876,937 23 22 83,204,125 66,110,474 19 20 37 38 32,440 28, 049 16 19 15,042,978 11,365,546 16 17 21,626 18,297 16 17 10,317 8,839 14 15 498 913 33 20 11,414,460 8, 163, 264 18 17 38,801.710 28,244,520 25 26 82,747,370 59,668,959 20 21 39 40 26,725 20, 985 20 23 12,620,443 8,844,089 18 24 21,611 17,394 17 20 4,652 3,340 32 36 462 261 36 49 7,942,435 4, 174, 538 20 26 51, 763, 367 38,286,906 19 21 82,227,950 59,322,234 21 22 41 42 20,353 17,391 27 29 10,021,067 7,964,944 26 29 14,713 13,043 25 25 6,136 3,991 . 27 30 504 357 30 38 7,031,034 6, 203, 102 22 19 48, 798, 807 50,266,642 21 17 75,740,934 72,929,690 22 18 43 44 6,662 6,327 89 74 3,210,336 3,115,078 87 68 6,243 5,787 86 64 270 212 91 88 149 328 61 41 2,166,229 1,692,696 69 56 59,192,689 61,017,930 \l 67, 415, 177 69,608.899 23 19 45 46 5,998 5,996 86 79 3, 306, 893 2,872,353 86 72 5,438 5,294 84 69 492 650 85 79 68 52 82 88 37,874,872 24,822,086 4 5 16,060,664 12,984,629 67 58 60,920,411 44,569,371 24 27 47 48 7,057 4,670 78 88 4,276.613 2,622,791 69 80 6,805 4,512 64 83 116 88 96 92 136 70 66 79 3,557,005 763,065 43 84 46,984,412 33,794,456 22 23 60,633,761 38,601,429 26 32 49 50 21,540 16,377 25 32 11,737,737 7,970,642 20 28 15, 237 11,399 24 34 6,028 4,875 23 24 275 103 51 72 3,741,789 2,103,491 42 41 32,616,644 24,471,218 27 30 56,003,023 39,347,493 26 30 51 62 28,509 28,542 18 18 13,001,545 11,843,098 17 16 18, 164 17, 697 20 19 9,162 9,409 16 13 1,183 1,436 16 10 6,366,010 4,898,731 23 22 27,440,733 26,054,780 31 27 54,673,083 48, 602, 044 27 25 53 54 5,822 5,276 87 83 3,203,768 2,602,707 89 81 4,476 4,325 91 85 1,299 883 67 72 47 68 87 80 4, 270, 867 3,496,099 37 31 42,893,426 19,928,091 24 36 64,003,704 38,074,244 28 33 55 66 22,796 22,593 22 22 11,825,275 11,280,926 19 18 17,392 17,890 21 18 4,788 4, 129 29 29 616 574 27 30 . 4,863,659. 3,796,027 30 29 27,011,127 23,469,548 32 31 52,144,965 46,793,372 29 26 57 58 8,577 8,679 71 56 6,718,979 4,729,620 54 51 8,399 8,556 56 46 138 106 95 89 40 17 91 94 1,699,496 933,371 82 77 35,874,460 . 23,133,338 26. 32 48,126,885 33,908,459 30 38 59 60 21,910 20,899 23 24 8,907,784 8,196,813 29 27 12,534 11,779 34 30 8,204 8,305 17 16 1,172' 816 17 21 2,030,609 1,901,221 74 47 29,416,589 24,841,477 30 28 48,036,693 417741,980 31 28 61 62 29,303 29,254 17 17 11,689,724 10,853,025 21 19 16,570 15,620 23 , 24 12,221 12,431 9 10 1,.512 1,303 10 11 4,787,058 4,309,421 31 25 26,910,790 20,279,444 33 34 46,879,212 41,202,984 32 29 63 64 16,389 19,254 38 26 8,264,368 9,617,343 32 21 12,855 16,656 32 21 2,074 2,120 58 52 460 478 36 34 4,565,463 4,150,893 32 28 26,635,692 30,831,981 34 24 46,830,272 53,195,378 33 24 65 66 15,759 1 12,747 36 43 8,126,761 5,575,529 33 42 13,553 10,495 30 37 2,140 1,997 57 56 66 266 86 48 5,482,006 2,686,405 26 36 25,680,856 i 19,397,193 36 36 44,823,004 31,976,094 34 42 67 68 cclxxxvi MANUFACTURES. Table CCXLI.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR ONE HUNDRED PRINCIPAL CITIES ESTABLISH- MENTS. CAPITAL. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS , ETC. CITY. Census. Rank. Number. Rank. Amount. Number. Rank Salaries. Rank. 69 70 Bridgeport, Conn 1905 1900 306 286 47 48 $49,381,348 31,624,974 29 29 1,965 1,067 30 37 $2,610,932 1,434,362 23 30 71 72 Fall River, Mass _ _ 1905 1900 234 240 64 68 69,376,125 67,414,879 19 17 667 512 78 68 1,141,642 861,431 54 50 73 74 Cambridge, Mass __ 1905 1900 262 243 57 5? 32,260,238 24,590,608 44 44 1,478 1,033 37 39 1,712,826 1,221,449 35 34 75 Columbus, Obio 1905 1900 460 408 34 35 30,308,424 23,462,351 49 47 2,397 1,573 20 26 2,385,821 1,614,908 25 27 76 77 1905 1900 490 437 29 32 31,412,715 27,962,460 48 34 1,819 1,396 32 26 2,026,335 1,442,764 31 29 78 79 Dayton, Ohio 1905 1900 431 426 36 .33 32,900,844 26,283,389 42 37 2,337 1,378 23 27 2,707,483 1,513,694 21 28 80 81 St. Paul, Minn 1905 1900 614 637 25 24 36,401,282 25,659,214 37 41 2,108 2,079 26 20 2,202,237 1,874,656 28 23 82 83 Brockton, Mass 1905 1900 201 186 65 64 15,336,123 9,635,291 87 86 890 604 58 62 930,644 639,372 67 67 84 8,5 East St. Louis, III 1905 1900 94 61 87 93 19,909,166 7,940,954 74 91 847 266 61 91 915,154 282,308 68 90 86 87 1905 1900 722 574 21 23 27,433,879 31,270,693 56 30 1,484 1,036 36 38 1,818,035 1,181,411 34 35 88 89 Kansas City, Mo 1905 1900 612 686 26 22 32,126,674 22,991,858 46 48 2,001 1,183 29 31 2,119,781 1,164,418 30 36 •90 91 Syracuse, N. Y 1905 1900 638 630 23 21 38,740,651 28,928,312 34 31 1,728 1,264 33 29 1,960,187 1,315,821 33 32 92 93 Los Angeles, Cal 1905 1900 814 534 19 26 28,181,418 10,046,096 53 84 2,004 717 28 53 1,996,838 671,300 32 65 94 95 Perth Amboy, N. J 1905 1900 63 47 94 95 11,583,382 6,373,836 93 95- 346 157 96 97 400,267 185,361 97 97 96 97 1905 1900 187 178 68 65 29,188,351 23,724,719 50 46 969 1,093 54 36 1,135,687 991,704 56 42 98 99 Joliet, 111 1905 1900 106 136 81 76 16,356,337 15,040,445 86 72 766 406 68 77 894,876 345,127 70 85 100 101 1905 1900 298 322 48 43 31,992,497 16,692,585 46 70 1,201 668 43 58 1,496,307 681,839 42 64 102 103 Yonkers, N. Y 1905 1900 106 107 81 81 33,731,085 12,239,123 39 80 464 308 89 84 720,599 437,488 81 78 104 105 Schenectady, N. Y 1905 1900 103 83 83 87 22,050,746 13,605,792 69 77 771 303 67 87 915,025 296,636 69 89 106 107 Trenton, N.J 1905 1900 312 246 45 56 41,623,232 24,624,692 32 43 1,043 739 51 52 1,342,640 903,263 46 48 108 109 Waterbury, Conn 1905 1900 143 124 76 78 32,950,166 21,967,318 41 61 1,173 695 45 63 1,520,784 912,331 40 47 110 111 Troy, N. Y... 1906 1900 311 327 46 42 32,697,084 25,273,773 43 42 1,409 972 38 41 ■ 1,642,409 1,267,727 38 33 112 113 1905 1900 389 382 39 39 25,915,861 22,691,677 60 49 1,481 1,148 36 35 1,685,017 1, 136, 524 37 38 114 115 Reading, Pa 1905 1900 404 403 38 37 27,506,855 25,934,188 55 40 1,285 941 41 43 1,116,997 866,116 56 61 116 117 1905 1900 ■ 179 168 71 73 37,160,103 26,935,200 36 39 720 580 76 65 1,018,209 810,458 63 53 118 119 Manchester, N. H 1905 1900 155 166 74 72 25, 248, 460 21,539,685 61 52 606 308 80 84 680,973 441,009 82 77 120 1?1 1905 1900 247 262 61 52 33, 226, 991 26,489,873 40 36 1,112 922 49 44 1,269,812 1,056,933 48 40 122 193 New Bedford, Mass 1906 1900 176 171 73 70 40,409,720 28, 182, 246 33 32 519 426 86 74 780,643 535,366 78 72 124 1^5 Newcastle, Pa 1905 1900 72 71 92 88 18,508,474 12,962,616 78 78 572 184 82 95 630,685 239,052 84 94 126 IW Elizabeth, N.J 1905 1900 124 141 79 75 23,564,094 15,951,174 64 69 740 684 71 64 866,099 800,585 73 54 128 1M 1905 1900 188 143 67 74 10,126,426 8,454,007 97 89 464 326 89 82 507,371 334,771 91 86 130 131 Johnstown, Pa 1905 1900 82 66 89 91 59,588,552 16, 437, 473 22 63 703 367 76 80 729,483 432,733 80 79 132 133 134 Portland, Oreg 1905 1900 437 408 35 35 19,724,841 11,632.813 75 82 1,025 663 52 57 1,266,157 732,369 49 60 URBAN MANUFACTURES. cclxxxvii IN MANrFArTT'RKS, WITH RAXK FOR EACH ITEM: 1905 AND 1900— Continued. WAGE-EARNEBS AND "WAGES. 1 VALUE OF PRODUCTS, MISCELLANr^uu.^ COST OF MAiii- INCLUDING CUSTOM Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. EXPENSl :s. Rank. 35 40 KIALS USED. Amount. I^^nk. IS22,334,U03 41 17,2Sli,974 41 WORK AND REPAIR- ING. Average number. Rank. ■js 30 Wages. Rank. 30 Average number. Rank. Average niunber. Rank. Average number. Rank. Amount. S4,301,,S94 2,269,437 Amount. S44,. 5.86,519 33,.5:!6,276 Ranlv. 19,492 17,038 $9,479,809 7,.S.S.i,474 13,977 11,591 28 32 6,066 5,211 28 22 449 236 39 63 35 39 69 70 26,836 30,646 19 16 10,098.871 10,742,158 25 20 14,478 1.-,,.<4S 26 23 11,117 13,0.S2 12 9 1,241 1,716 14 7 3,923,676 2,878,588 41 36 26,096,619 18,070,072 35 39 43,473,105 ,■{9,102,710 36 71 31 72 14,686 11,070 41 47 7,493,858 5, 451, 2 W 37 44 10.320 7,726 44 48 3,9110 3,277 38 37 276 67 50 81 3,.').'i2,li08 1,776,S,S6 44 62 25, 116, ,539 16,772,856 37 45 42,407,064 29,092,103 37 47 73 74 14,777 13,787 39 37 7,5li3,2,V (1,027,. 7*5 36 38 1 11,982 11,678 36 31 2,476 1,860 ,>4 58 319 249 46 60 5,384,504 3,71li,.S28 27 30 19,701,102 18,2,52,017 49 37 40,435,531 34,748,4.33 38 37 76 76 21,437 17,594 26 28 11,203,650 8,520,471 23 25 16,224 12,,S51 22 26 4,714 4,510 31 28 499 233 32 54 4,280,928 2,655,074 36 37 18,521,105 16,135,516 56 48 39,666,118 34,899,437 39 36 77 78 17,093 14,408 34 36 8,693,024 6,909,204 31 31 14,183 ! 12,013 ■1- 29 2,798 2,277 50 49 112 118 70 68 5,067,006 3,026,303 29 32 18,604,736 14,330,076 56 54 39,696,773 31,016,293 40 43 79 80 14,363 13,019 43 40 7,210,757 5,323,517 44 46 ' 10,673 9,605 42 38 3,668 3,154 40 38 32 260 92 47 4,473,388 2,969,230 33 33 19,487,692 15,912,582 51 49 38,318,704 30,056,079 41 46 81 82 13,889 10,296 46 50 8,838,379 5,776,471 30 41 10,169 7,576 45 49 3,617 2,649 43 44 103 71 73 78 2,561,013 1,036,779 60 73 22,562,666 15,333,301 40 50 37,790,982 24,856,362 42 53 83 84 7,012 5,139 79 85 3,718,986 2,364,112 78 87 6,588 4,802 68 75 318 99 89 90 106 238 71 52 1,870,060 535,797 78 90 30,225,640 27,791,704 29 26 37,686,198 32,460,9.57 43 41 86 86 9,672 8,500 63 57 6,711,286 5,235,919 48 49 8,476 7,539 54 50 1,048 848 72 73 148 113 62 70 2,862,011 1,898,772 53 48 20,999,833 24,472,275 44 29 36, 660, 410 37,906,171 44 34 87 88 11,039 9,699 54 52 6,920,442 4,668,919 53 52 8,444 6,885 55 57 2,313 2,597 66 45 282 217 49 56 4,002,518 2,097,481 39 42 19,525,121 12,531,026 50 63 35,573,049 23, .588, 6,53 46 58 89 90 14,578 11,809 42 45 7,129,707 6,303,407 45 46 11,463 9,520 37 39 2,882 2,060 48 54 233 229 53 55 4,250,826 2,944,374 38 34 16,171,650 12,548,331 66 62 34,823,751 26,546,297 46 50 91 92 10,424 5,173 60 84 7,088,175 2,600,394 46 82 8,964 4,046 51 88 1,306 982 66 69 164 145 59 62 2,741,413 1,019,803 55 74 18,689,162 8,087,926 54 87 34,814,475 15,133,696 47 83 93 94 3,950 2,006 93 98 1,827,055 919,622 95 100 3,412 1,959 93 97 471 34 86 98 67 12 83 95 864,001 290,999 97 99 30,316,381 11,346,833 28 68 34,800,402 14,061,072 48 91 95 96 9,817 8,269 61 59 4,985,884 3,614,860 60 62 8,107 6,697 59 58 1,.575 1,497 64 63 135 65 66 82 4,443,768 1,684,942 34 57 20,647,353 12,719,788 45 60 34,004,243 22,015,643 49 64 97 98 6,187 5,792 85 80 3,902,268 3,648,330 72 33 5,902 5,661 76 65 273 98 90 91 12 33 99 92 1,861,102 1,527,439 79 61 21,705,492 17,192,915 42 43 33,788,700 26,131,626 50 62 99 100 12,661 7,742 49 64 ' 6,097,913 3,216,943 62 66 9,636 5,465 47 67 2,522 2,004 .52 55 503 273 31 46 2,909,320 1,286,679 51 67 20,422,649 10,441,930 47 70 33,587,273 17,969,954 61 73 101 102 9,779 7,-5.55 62 66 4,518,547 3,263,587 64 65 6,022 4,543 74 81 3,677 2,746 39 42 80 266 79 46 2,614,501 - 926,693 63 78 23,329,973 9,541,473 38 76 33,548,688 17,303,690 62 75 103 104 14,316 8,494 44 58 9,382,360 4,965,627 28 60 13,288 7,474 31 51 984 946 73 70 44 74 ■ 88 76 1,592,012 675,780 84 86 16,497,228 9,925,064 64 75 33,084,451 17,604,869 53 105 74 106 14,252 13,138 45 39 7,000,731 6,003,316 47 39 11,247 10,625 39 36 2,518 2,310 63 48 487 303 34 43 2,033,047 1,865,553 59 49 17,692,467 16,581,063 69 47 32,719,945 28,458,068 54 49 107 108 15,406 13,226 37 38 8,015,798 6,691,467 34 33 10,948 9,411 41 41 4,120 3,473 37 33 338 341 45 40 2, 546, ,592 ], 312,. 507 61 64 17,770,142 18,202,221 58 38 32,367,359 30,330,300 56 45 109 110 19,114 22,933 29 21 7,852,718 8,876,008 36 23 7,730 7,422 61 52 11,181 16,207 11 6 203 304 55 42 5,842,341 2,504,369 25 39 13,746,280 11,462,165 75 66 31,860,829 28,738,800 66 48 111 112 16,709 12,929 36 41 7,392,748 5,297,720 40 47 13,689 11,492 29 33 1,934 1,327 59 67 186 110 58 71 3,477,597 1,770,163 45 53 14, 571 ,,758 11,120,944 70 69 31,032,589 22,228,487 57 63 113 114 18,315 16,892 30 31 7,366,161 fl, 582, 602 41 34 12,349 12,537 35 27 4,473 3,344 34 35 1,493 1,011 11 16 2,962,103 4, 678, 141 49 23 16,824,030 16,996,018 62 44 30,848,175 32,682,061 58 40 115 116 14,685 12,519 40 44 6,693,000 6,263,816 49 48 8,205 6,922 57 56 5,413 6,002 24 23 1,067 695 18 28 2,946,250 1,766,856 50 54 16,578,886 12,705,955 63 61 30,731,332 24,092,610 59 56 117 118 17,579 17,862 33 27 7,322,934 6,468,480 42 35 9,802 9,422 46 40 7,438 7,941 20 18 339 499 44 32 1,865,529 1,483,434 80 62 18,706,986 13,803,207 63 66 30,696,926 24,628,345 60 66 119 120 13,654 14, 498 47 35 6, 530, 629 6,697,403 51 32 11,286 12, 428 38 28 1,809 1,597 60 60 459 473 37 36 1,909,781 1,439,268 76 63 18,173,070 17,875,835 57 40 30,390,039 30,586,810 61 44 121 122 17,855 15,263 31 34 7, 250, 819 6, 123, 142 43 37 10,361 8,826 43 43 6,550 6,, 509 21 964 928 21 19 2, 164, 988 1,669,781 6S 60 16,091,176 11,783,379 66 65 29,469,349 23,397,491 62 60 123 124 5,729 4,529 88 89 3,603,080 2,988,162 80 70 . 6,636 4,398 81 84 163 68 94 95 30 63 95 83 1,629,297 446,876 86 93 21,529,945 13,146,079 43 57 29,433,636 20,015,798 63 69 125 126 12,335 9,498 50 53 7,397,978 5, 476, 852 39 43 11,161 8,730 40 44 1,087 711 71 76 87 57 75 86 1,417,406 1,288,016 88 66 16,981,514 12,912,637 61 69 29,300,801 22,861,376 64 62 127 128 6,651 4,679 81 87 3,466,434 1,952,762 82 92 5,707 3,731 78 90 726 937 - 79 71 118 11 69 96 13,372,403 16,207,840 15 9 10,393,753 7,368,662 92 93 29,291,654 26, 296, 629 66 51 129 130 6,914 5,600 80 81 3,864,993 2,965,465 74 71 6,691 6,474 67 66 266 44 92 97 67 82 83 75 3,038,860 1,799,739 47 60 49,764,765 13,908,438 48 66 28,891,806 21,364,746 66 65 131 132 8,171 5,380 74 82 ' M Fl 1— 5, 342, 166 2,703,569 -PT 1—07 58 76 ~xix 7,110 4.589 63 ' 79 : 973 665 74 78 88 126 74 67 1,900,416 850,346 82 17,024,303 10,177,328 60 72 28,651,321 16,903,707 67 77 133 134 y cclxxxviii MANUFACTURES. Table CCXLI.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR ONE HUNDRED PRINCIPAL CITIES 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 162 153 164 156 156 167 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 Anaconda, Mont . . Duquesne, Pa RicbmoncI, Va Hartford, Conn Springfield, Mass . . Pawtucket, R. I... Atlanta, Ga Seattle, Wash Haverhill, Mass... Wheeling, W. Va.. Nashville, Tenn. .. McKeesport, Pa... Somerville, Mass . . . Utica, N. Y Tacoma, Wash Passaic, N. J Memphis, Tenn Scranton, Pa Albany, N. Y Erie, Pa Woonsocket, R. I . . Evansville, Ind Ansonia, Conn Washington, D. C. Harrisburg, Pa — Allentown, Pa Niagara Falls, N. Y Qhester, Pa Racine, Wis Cedar Rapids, Iow:i Steelton, Pa Dallas, Tex Watertown, Mass. . Census 1905 1900 1905 1900 1906 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1906 1900 1906 1900 1906 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1906 ; 1900 1905 1900 1905 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1906 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 ESTABLISH- MENTS. Number. 281 262 340 322 296 278 186 191 294 196 467 362 320 390 196 178 263 237 333 311 237 174 296 223 258 247 490 511 267 260 103 104 275 273 482 491 177 175 259 216 131 121 148 135 247 177 Rank. 100 100 Amount. Rank 13,728,456 90 16,983,926 62 16,591,380 81 14,350,200 74 31,952,847 47 16,203,927 66 28,358,583 52 28,067,266 33 24,081,099 63 16,071,199 27, 178, 438 20,451,309 21,631,162 14,603,338 22, 343, 645 7,681,598 10,305,950 6,357,506 18, 227, 622 12,274,707 16,463.238 11,87.3.734 16,285,962 15,088,223 .10,263,892 9, 503, 426 21,184,033 17, 898, 119 13, 268, 613 6, 790, 332 28,611,310 18,377,299 14,130,020 9,766,846 19,160,787 18,98.3,780 16,676,369 18,010,515 24,114,233 19,062,773 15,461,523 13,954,1.36 14,947,5.35 9, 428, 387 7,625,864 6,239,962 20,199,783 17, 960, 498 16,066,510 7,996,663 13,557,559 11,342,770 27,116.761 14,344,446 22,070,140 17,672,198 26,433,684 16,205,631 8,697,349 5,768,880 19, 642, 863 6,266,068 10,891,084 6,461,684 5, 168, 061 4, 168, 613 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. 86 100 100 224 93 328 76 1,085 976 1,383 1,149 1,188 737 495 1,303 692 727 623 551 479 1,139 911 696 473 397 224 523 288 776 403 853 452 746 550 1,159 761 734 617 357 162 790 561 305 186 1,006 967 482 377 504 326 431 307 1,239 845 431 295 440 271 830 500 225 119 Rank. 100 99 97 100 34 94 ,S.s 79 I 62 I 119 99 Salaries. 461,273 181,015 387,766 88, 157 1,184,174 1,076 774 1,692,889 1,374,200 1, 499, 186 982,007 1,039,791 716, 465 1,360,821 768, 593 852, 592 560,608 541,599 366, 468 676, 666 409,372 1,165,067 786,173 777,862 445,337 431,171 230,591 1,084,352 735, 626 598,067 322, 420 1,072,995 622, 644 1,058,453 662,002 840,262 709,648 1,376,639 914, 402 870,901 655, 307 455, 681 256, 451 843, 608 695, 547 377,069 202,288 1,206,609 871,882 603, 283 381,992 529,863 310,309 591,434 384, 087 607,146 485, 674 1,270,669 837, 650 409. 499 267,913 594, 249 274, 189 828, 131 515, 333 235,018 163,940 Rank. 93 100 82 73 100 URBAN MANUFACTURES. cclxxxix IN MANUFACTURES, WITH RANK FOR EACH ITEM; 1905 AND 1900— (Vmlinue WAGE-EAKNEKS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. COST OF MATE- RIALS USED. VALUE OF PRODUCTS, INCLUDING CUSTOM WORK AND REPAIR- ING. T Rank.' 100 96 3tal. Rank, 92 ,89 Men 16 ypar.s and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Average number. Wages. S2.. 5119,804 2,088.939 Average number. Rank. UIO 94 Average number. Rank, Average number. Rank. Amount. Rank. Amount. Rank. Amount. Rank. 2,086 2,392 2,056 2.375 5 6 99 99 25 11 97 96 $2,297,967 309,334 66 98 $20,479,630 11,958,368 46 i;4 828,581,530 21,002,055 68 66 135 136 2,731 1.487 99 100 l,fl00..5,SO 1.0ti8. 756 94 97 2,687 ', 1,483 ; 97 99 1 100 43 4 89 99 966,825 434,469 6,363,979 5,449,966 94 23, 144, 659 14,597,470 13, 102, 042 10,375,140 39 53 28,494,303 20,333,476 28,202,607 23,048,353 69 67 137 138 12.S.« 12,,S6S 4,S 42 4. .541. 803 3,973.704 63 59 9.043 i 8,400 ' 50 46 3,645 3,821 41 32 195 647 56 24 28 20 79 71 70 61 139 140 11,221 10,677 53 49 6,562.2;!5 5,950.080 50 40 9.38li 9.190 48 42 1,754 1,426 61 65 81 61 77 85 2,795,038 1,946,342 54 44 11,487,130 11,369,033 86 67 25,973,651 23,828,961 71 67 141 142 10,523 S. lo2 59 60 5,645.2,89 3.974.6.86 55 58 7.908 5.827 60 63 2, 315 2. 195 55 50- 300 130 47 65 3,026,444 1,585,014 48 69 12,379,844 8, 892, 246 81 80 25,860,250 18,155,071 72 72 143 144 12.054 10.712 51 4,s 5.100,309 4,331,007 .59 .55 6., 504 5,, 848 62 4,780 3,928 30 31 770 936 23 18 2,346,167 1,752,847 64 56 14,111,683 9.976,710 73 73 25,846,899 19,271,682 73 70 146 146 ii.,s;ii 7,%Ci 52 63 4,434,573 2.597,393 66 83 8.624 5, 134 .52 72 2.539 2,062 51 53 728 770 25 23 2, 639, 093 1,174,797 57 70 13,441,248 7,442,973 77 91 26, 745, 650 14,418,834 74 89 147 148 6,390 4, 440 . S3 90 4,318,080 2.681.609 68 5,763 4,130 87 596 248 ,82 87 31 62 94 84 2,134,294 824,245 71 83 14,357,808 8,863,835 71 81 25,406,574 16,322,531 75 81 149 160 9,574 9,761 64 51 4.817.892 4.338,120 61 53 6,608 6.605 66 59 2,886 3,100 47 39 80 66 79 87 1,632,236 1,292,454 83 65 14,267,243 14,994,402 72 61 24,446,594 23, 418, 790 76 59 151 152 7.21.5 6.190 76 76 3.842,639 2.678.530 76 78 5.662 4,518 70 82 1,185 1,637 69 61 368 136 41 64 2,312,259 1,796,777 65 51 13,806,723 8,406,903 74 83 23,297,475 16,074,345 84 153 164 .S,43S 6,726 72 70 3,343,166 2,275,801 84 88 6, 555 4,814 70 74 1,689 1.537 63 61 191 376 57 37 2,636,082 1,205,071 58 69 13,497,869 9,027,418 76 77 23,109,601 16,301,096 78 82 155 156 s. S4,'; 7.213 6,S 68 5,. 52 1.396 4,147.087 56 57 8,605 6,987 53 55 102 50 97 96 141 176 64 60 1,378.272 375,, 377 89 96 12,309,484 2i; 834, 873 82 33 23,054,412 36,058,447 79 36 157 168 3. 474 3..52S 94 92 1.7.52.611 1,720,818 97 93 3,114 3,164 94 92 319 334 88 86 41 40 90 89 945,966 600, 704 95 91 19,175,935 16,721,003 52 46 22,955,197 20,064,619 80 68 159 160 10. .S.S2 S,S9S 57 55 4.477.092 3,275.527 66 64 6.450 5,270 73 71 4,163 3,027 36 40 269 601 52 2. 519, 205 1,917,839 62 46 12, 773,547 8,193,968 80 ,85 22, 880, 317 16,479,327 81 79 161 162 4,892 3,552 90 91 3,208,531 1,954,915 88 91 4,675 3,430 89 91 209 87 93 93 8 35 100 90 1,216,726 497, 228 91 92 16,836,686 6,340,670 68 96 22,803,169 10,301,363 82 97 163 164 11,000 6,399 55 73 3.866,09n 2.374.445 73 86 5,315 4,012 86 89 5,232 2.176 26 51 453 211 38 57 2,249,836 1,075,562 67 71 13,109,651 7,417,998 78 92 22,782,726 , 12,804,805 83 93 165 166 8,153 6,626 75 71 3.861.669 2,792,442 75 74 7,326 6,046 62 61 671 444 .so 84 156 136 60 63 1,967,973 887, 341 75 80 11,992,419 7, 879, 261 84 88 21,346,817 14,233,483 84 90 167 168 10,912 11,139 56 46 4,428,077 4,387,700 67 54 6,531 7,370 71 53 3,180 2,727 45 43 1,201 1,042 15 15 2, 047, 236 1, 590, 398 73 58 11,2,53,248 17, 220, 172 86 42 20,453,285 24,741,837 85 54 169 170 8,976 8,106 67 61 4,269,355 3,852,485 70 61 5,963 6,107 75 60 2,926 1,909 46 57 87 90 75 74 2, 869, 667 2,030,990 52 43 9,376,627 7, 506, 902 96 89 20,208,715 17,268,690 86 76 171 172 9, 1.53 8,032 65 62 4. 763. 427 3.924,783 62 60 8,200 7,261 58 54 742 .522 78 80 211 249 54 50 1,646,711 1,019,231 85 75 10, 102, 257 8,207,866 93 84 19,911,567 16,492,886 87 78 173 174 8,672 7, .591 09 65 3.550.343 2,863,780 81 73 5,195 4,573 87 80 2,881 2, .533 49 46 596 485 29 33 916,236 546,416 96 89 10, 578, 710 7,169,244 90 94 19,260,637 14,744,900 88 88 175 176 8,596 6,284 70 75 3.8.3S.115 2.4.50.790 77 86 6,696 4,726 65 76 1,.5.59 1,429 65 64 341 128 43 66 2.129,345 881,119 72 81 10,722,329 6,646,126 88 96 19,201,716 12, 167, 524 89 94 177 178 3,394 3,288 96 93 1,683,1.52 1,707,317 98 94 2.9.37 2.7,88 95 93 433 496 87 81 24 4 98 99 779, 422 329,691 98 97 16,307,606 14,966,288 69 62 19, 132, 455 18,516,043 90 71 179 180 6,299 6,155 84 77 3,668,370 3,022,906 79 69 5,614 6,360 80 68 611 722 81 75 74 73 81 77 2,724,840 1,941,118 56 45 7,731,971 7,475,216 98 90 18,369,159 16,426,408 91 80 181 182 8,395 6,439 73 72 3,936,350 2, 528, 472 71 84 6, .587 4,678 69 77 1,727 1,664 62 59 81 97 77 73 1,001,663 660,317 93 88 10,608,146 9, 006, 283 89 78 17,146,338 14,996,827 92 85 183 184 9,004 7,355 66 ■ 67 3.320,457 2.634,463 85 79 4.76t; 4.319 ,88 86 3.626 2,417 42 47 612 619 28 25 1,521,030 1,225,100 87 68 9,966,971 8,976,683 94 79 16,966,550 14,990,437 93 88 185 186 4,574 2,840 92 95 2,347.539 1.318.318 93 98 3,706 2,305 92 95 842 467 76 83 26 8 96 98 2, 149, 818 766, 766 70 85 9,192,069 4,888,318 97 99 16,916,786 8,540,184 94 99 187 188 7,061 6,972 69 3,416,843 3,131,184 83 67 5,506 5,291 82 70 1,272 1,386 68 66 283 295 48 44 1,153,064 1,042,993 92 72 10, 422, 066 8,570,732 91 82 16,644,842 14,940,105 95 87 189 190 6,504 6,138 82 78 3,156,086 2,711,531 90 75 5. 4.53 4,964 83 73 946 997 76 68 106 177 72 59 3, 127, 746 961, 114 46 76 7,142,942 6, 926, 406 99 97 10,4.58.965 11.670.160 96 95 191 192 3,259 2,374 98 97 1.464,822 986,079. 100 98 2. .598 1,896 98 98 .527 361 84 85 134 117 67 69 722,616 441, 421 99 94 12,279,506 8,163,336 83 86 16,279,706 11, 135', 436 97 96 193 194 4,656 4,762 91 86 3,040,773 2,084,206 91 90 4,670 4,655 90 78 54 86 98 94 32 21 92 93 1,317,250 924,394 90 79 10,749,753 9,938,263 87 74 15, 745, 628 14,034,342 98 92 195 196 3,445 2,842 95 94 1,759,222 1,323,156 96 95 2,710 2,169 96 96 688 496 83 82 147 178 63 68 1, 712, 366 667, 897 81 87 9,207,099 5,397,961 96 98 15,627,688 9,488,252 99 98 197 198 3,322 1,935 97 99 1,666,431 930, 789 99 99 2,111 1 227 99 100 1,092 674 70 77 119 34 68 91 409,063 146, 765 100 100 5,-528,635 3,499,183 ioo 100 15, 524, 675 5,330,026 100 100 199 200 ccxc MANUFACTURES. In the majority of the cities there have been but sUght changes in standing. Some, however, have ad- vanced rapidly, while the relative importance of others has declined. Perth Aniboy, N. J., shows the greatest advance in rank according to value of products, from t'xe ninety-first place in 1900 to forty-eighth at the census of 1905, a gain of forty-three places. On the other hand, the relative standing of McKeesport, Pa., in value of product declined from thirty-fifth to seventy-ninth, which was the most pronounced change in this respect. The greatest changes in relative rank are shown for the smaller cities. The disparities in rank shown by the cities in the dif- ferent items are due largely to the character of their predominating industries. For example. South Omaha, Nebr., ranks eighty-ninth in the average number of wage-earners and twenty-third in value of products. The principal industry of this city is slaughtering and meat packing. The establishments in this industry report a relatively small number of employees for a product of a given value, material being the principal element of cost. The standing of the city in number of employees is reduced accordingly, while its standing in value of products is advanced, because of the inclusion of the amount expended in the purchase of material. It follows that the value of products is not always a true indication of the relative importance of the manufac- turing industries of a city. The value added to the cost of materials by labor and the various manufactur- ing processes is a better test of the relative importance of the city as a center of manufactures. While the exact amount added to the cost of materials can not be ascertained from the Census statistics, if the total cost of raw and partly manufactured materials were to be deducted from the value of products, the remainder would be generally a truer indication of this amount than can be obtained by any other method. When the value of products, as reported by the different cities, is treated in this manner, there is a considerable change in the ranking of certain cities, as follows: South Omaha would drop from twenty-third to eighty- fifth; Omaha from twenty-eighth to sbcty-sixth; and East St. Louis from forty-third to eighty-ninth. In contradistinction other cities would rise in rank, as, for example: Terre Haute from sixty-fifth to thirty-third; Richmond from seventieth to forty-sixth; and Hart- ford from seventy-first to forty-ninth. To indicate the states in which the greatest concen- tration in urban districts occurred. Table ccxlii is pre- sented, which shows, for the censuses of 1900 and 1905, the totals for each state and geographic division, for all cities and towns with a population of 8,000 and over in each state and division, and for the districts which are outside the cities, together with the percentages which the respective totals in the urban and rural dis- tricts constitute of the corresponding totals for the state or division. This table indicates the tendency in the states toward a wider distribution of manufactures. It will be seen that in some states, where manufactLues are compar- ativel}' unimportant, there has been an apparent in- crease in the proportions in cities, and that in some other states the proportions for the two censuses are about the same. Of the 13 states reporting the largest gross value of products in 1905, a decrease in the proportion of urban manufactures is shown for 9 states in capital invested, for 7 in wages paid, for 8 in materials used, and for 7 in the value of products. Urban and rural statistics are presented separately in Table ccxlii for 44 of the 5 1 states and territories, ! and of these 44, a decrease in the proportion of value of products for urban manufactures is shown for 25. Of the remaining 7 states and territories, the District of Columbia is considered as purely urban, while Ari- zona, Idaho, Indian Territory, Nevada, New Mexico, and Alaska are purely rural, none of them containing a city of 8,000 population and over at the census of 1900. Of the minor geographic divisions, that of the Pacific shows a uniform movement in the proportion of the value of products manufactured in urban districts, each of the states comprising the division showing an increase, while each state in the Southern North Atlan- tic shows a decrease. Measured hj the value of products. North Dakota shows the greatest proportional decrease in urban manufactures, the percentages decreasing from 19.7 at the census of 1900 to 11.4 at the census of 1905. The statistics for Florida indicate the most pro-, nounced exception to the general rule of wider distri- bution of manufactures, the proportion of the value of products of urban manufactures increasing from 38.1 per cent in 1900 to 45.3 at the census of 1905. Of the main geographic divisions, the greatest con- centration in cities is shown for the North Atlantic states, and is due primarily to the magnitude of the manufactures in New York city, which reported 62.7 per cent of the total value of products for the state in 1900 and 61.3 per cent at the census of 1905. The value of products of manufactures in the 46 cities of the state formed 87.4 and 86.9 per cent of the totals for the state at the last two censuses, respectively, the pro- portions being consideral)ly in excess of those for any of the other large manufacturing states. Next to the North Atlantic division, the greatest concentration is shown for the North Central states, where manufactures have increased very rapidly dur- ing the past twenty-five years. In this division the concentration also is due primarily to the conditions in a single state — Illinois — which, next to New York, shows the highest jjercentages for urban manufac- tures. The city of Chicago contains a large propor- tion of the manufactures of the state of Illinois and accoiuits for the large ])r()])ortion in the urban districts. URBAN MANUFACTURES. CCXCl The territory included in the urban districts should also be considered in connection with the percentages shown in this table. It is probable that in the New- England states a much larger proportion of the total area is included in the lu'ban districts than in any of the other subdivisions. The 102 places for which the manufactures are considered as urban in this division include some towns containing areas that are rural rather than urban in character. Thus the larger pro- portion of the territory in ^Massachusetts and Rhode Island which is included by the census in the urban districts explains in part the relatively large percent- age of manufactures in these districts. Mining and stock raising are the principal indus- tries of the Basin and Plateau states, and the manu- factures are comparatively unimportant. This geo- graphic division contains only 2 cities that had a population of 8,000 and over at the Twelfth Census, and the majorky of the manufactures are located in the smaller places. The products of the establish- ments in the urban districts of the division represent only 15 per cent of the total for the division at the census of 1905, which is considerably less than the proportion for any of the other divisions. While the proportion of the value of products represented by the establishments in the urban districts of the divi- sion increased from 1.3.9 to 15 per cent, the propor- tion of capital invested increased but two-tenths of 1 per cent. One of the principal features of the table is the uniformity with which the concentration for value of products has exceeded the concentration in the number of establishments. This greater concentration is shown in every state except Alabama, Colorado, Rhode Island, and Utah, and is due to the fact that the average establishment in the urban districts is much larger than the average establishment in the rural districts. ccxcu MANUFACTURES. Table COXLII.— rOMPARATIVE SUMMAHY—MAXUFACTURES IN URBAN AND RURAL 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 United States. Urban Percent of total. Rural Per cent of total . North Atlantic division Urban Percent of total. Rural Percent of total. New England . Urban Percent of total. Rural Percent of total. Maine Urban Per cent of total . Rural Percent of total. New Hampshire Urban Per cent of total. Rural Percent of totf.l. Vermont Urban Percent of total. Rural Percent of total . Massachusetts Urban Percent of total. Rural Percent of total. Rhode Island Urban Percent of total. Rural Per cent of total , Connecticut Urban Percent of total. Rural Percent of total. Southern North Atlantic. Urban Per cent of total . Rural Percent of total. New York Urban Percent of total. Rural _ Percent of total. New Jersey Urban Percent of total. Rural Per cent of total . Pennsylvania Urban Per cent of total. Rural Percent of total. South Atlantic division . Urban Percent of total. Rural -Percent of total. Northern South Atlantic. Urban Percent of total. Rural Percent of total. Delaware Urban Percent of total. Rural Per cent of total. NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS. CAPITAL. i WAGE-EARNERS AND "WAGES. Average number. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 216,262 207,562 S12, 686, 265, 673 $8,978,825,200 5, 470, 321 4,715,023 113, 101 52.3 103,161 47.7 106,513 61.3 101,049 48.7 8,666,221,283 67.6 4,120,044,390 32.6 6,382,432,475 71.1 2,596,392,725 28.9 3,624,829 66.3 1,845,492 33.7 3,154,911 66.9 1,560,112 33.1 89,978 88, 410 6,613,352,082 4,958,248,575 2,827,317 2,456,747 69,037 65.6 30,941 34.4 67,136 64.6 31,274 35 4 4, 746, 297, 573 71.8 1,867,054,609 28.2 3,698,635,301 74.6 1,259,713,274 25.4 2,073,737 73.3 753,580 26.7 1,817,646 74.0 639, 102 26.0 22,279 22, 676 1,870,995,405 1,507,629,619 940,752 851,903 13,150 59.0 9,129 41.0 13,288 58.9 9,288 41.1 1,338,368,469 71.5 532,626,936 28.5 1,086,463,592 72.1 421,176,027 27. 9 661,791 70.3 278,961 29.7 595,098 69.9 266,805 30.1 3,145 696 22.1 2,449 77.9 2,878 707 24.6 2,171 75 4 143,707,760 41,262,671 28.7 102,445,079 71.3 114,007,715 38,860,934 34.1 75,146,781 66.9 74,958 • 26, 194 34.9 48,764 66.1 69,914 26,832 37.0 44,082 63.0 1,618 643 33.6 1,075 66.4 1,771 572 32.3 1,199 67.7 109,495,072 68,278,677 62.4 41,216,396 37.6 92,146,026 58,056,728 63.0 34,089,297 37.0 65,366 37,500 57.4 27.866 42.6 67,646 37,904 66.0 29,742 44.0 1,699 223 13.1 1,476 86.9 1,938 285 14.7 1,653 85.3 62,658,741 9,003,697 14.4 53,665,044 85.6 43,499,633 7,685,574 17.7 35,814,059 82.3 33,106 6,301 19.0 26,805 81.0 28,179 6,603 19,9 22,576 80.1 10,723 8,338 77.8 2,386 22.2 10,929 8,602 77.8 2,427 22.2 965,948,887 806,476,244 83.5 159,472,643 16.5 781,867,715 651,913,306 83.4 129,954,409 16.0 488,399 397,767 81.4 90,642 18.6 438,234 365,485 81.1 82,749 18.9 1,617 1,350 83.6 267 16.6 1,678 1,385 82.5 293 17.6 215,901,376 174,071,308 80.6 41,830,067 19.4 176,901,606 142,886,012 80.8 34,015,594 19.2 97,318 77,961 80.1 19,3.57 19.9 88,197 71,151 80.7 17,046 19.3 3,477 2,000 57.5 1,477 42.5 3,382 1,837 64.3 1,545 45.7 373,283,580 239,275,872 64.1 134,007,708 35.9 299,206,925 187; 051, 038 62.6 112,156,887 37.5 181,605 116,078 63.9 65, 627 36,1 159,733 99, 123 62.0 60,610 38.0 67,699 66,834 4,742,366,677 3,450,618,966 1,886,566 1,604,844 46,887 67.8 21,812 32.2 43,848 66.6 21,986 33.4 3,407,929,104 71.9 1,334, 427; 573 28.1 2,612,081.709 75 7 838,537,247 24.3 1,411,946 74.8 474,619 25.2 1,222,647 76.2 382,297 23.8 37, 194 28,296 76.1 8,898 23.9 35,957 26,766 74.4 9,192 26.6 2,031,469,515 1,656,324,224 81.6 .375.136,291 18.5 1,523,602,651 1,281,662,797 84.1 241,839,864 15.9 856,947 723,201 84.4 133, 746 15.6 726,909 614,441 84.5 112, 468 15 5 7,010 4,704 67.1 2,306 32.9 6,416 4,324 67.4 2,091 32.6 715,060,174 529,269,218 74.0 186,790,950 26.0 477,301,565 383,184,918 80.3 94,116,647 19.7 266,336 200,711 75.4 6.5,625 24.6 213,975 163,037 76.2 50,938 23.8 23,495 12,887 54.8 10,608 46.2 23, 462 12, 759 54.4 10,703 45.6 1,995,836,988 1,222,335,662 61.2 773,501,326 38.8 1,449,814,740 947,233,994 05 3 502,580,746 34.7 763,282 488,034 63,9 275,248 36.1 663,960 446,069 67.0 218,891 33.0 19,564 19,144 930, 419, 780 683, 328, 459 r)22,611 468,344 5,813 29.7 13,751 5,556 29.0 13,588 71.0 420,057,966 45.1 510,361,814 54.9 294,793,179 50.6 288,635,280 49.5 202,758 38,8 319,863 61.2 183,890 40.1 274, 4.54 59.9 10,261 10,020 607,813,384 347,309,940 242,991 220, 190 4,217 41.1 6,044 68.9 4,312 43.0 5,708 67.0 317,343,170 62.5 190,470,214 37.5 224,371,994 64. () 122,937,946 35,4 141,039 58.0 101,952 42.0 134,656 61.2 86,636 38.8 631 247 39.1 384 60.9 633 262 41.4 371 68.6 50,925,630 33,220,991 66.2 17.698,639 34.8 38,791,402 26,489,873 68,3 12,301,529 31,7 18, 476 13,564 73.4 4,921 26.6 20,562 14, 498 70.5 6,064 29.5 URBAN MANUFACTURES. DISTRICTS, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS, STATES, AND TERRITORIES: 1905 AND 1900. CCXCIU WAGi-EABNEES AND WAGES— Con- tinued. 1 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. COST OF MATERIALS USED. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. Wages. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 52,611,540,532 $2,009,735,799 $1,456,019,473 $905,600,22,'; $8,503,949,756 $6,577,614,074 $14,802,147,087 $11,411,121,122 1 1,796,277,612 68.8 815,262,920 31.2 1,417,123,370 70.5 592, 612. 439 211. 1,110,261,278 76.3 344,758,195 23.7 722,298,983 79.8 183,301,242 20.2 5,849,805,532 68.8 2,664,144,224 31.2 4,656,459,784 70.8 1,921,154,290 29.2 10,310,285,063 69.7 4,491,862,024 30.3 8,141,364,065 71.3 3,269,757,067 28.7 2 3 4 5 1,365,194,774 1,097,038,399 702,599,687 446,426,688 4,078,268,071 3,215,441,632 7,244,264,373 6,735,067,036 6 1,015,568,704 74.4 349,626,070 25.6 830,063,771 75.7 266,974,628 24.3 669,888,475 81.1 132,711,212 18. 9 366,931,261 82 4 78,496,327 17.6 3,026,799,372 74.2 1,061,468,699 26.8 2,448,349,342 76.1 767,092,190 23.9 5,450,269,564 75.2 1,793,994,809 24.8 4,386,112,802 76.5 1,348,964,234 23.5 7 8 9 10 439,050,232 367, 674, 353 167,203,971 109,963,996 1,116,272,902 904,036,980 2,025,998,437 1,660,348,100 11 314,123,626 71.5 124,926,606 28.5 264,002,727 71.8 103,671,626 28.2 128,685,692 77.0 38,618,379 23.0 86,002,358 78.2 23,961,637 21.8 812,260,693 72.8 304,012,209 27.2 665,834,804 72.5 248,202,176 27.5 1,475,987,505 72.9 650,010,932 27.1 1,206,013,734 72.6 454,334,366 27.4 12 13 14 15 32,691,759 10,937,422 33.5 21,754,337 66.5 25,730,735 10,020,495 38.9 15,710.240 61.1 12,485,167 4,335,613 34.7 8.149,664 65.3 7,528,399 3,080,532 40.9 4,447,867 59.1 80,042,090 25,955,997 32.4 54,086,093 67.6 61,210,327 21,083,305 34 4 40,127,022 65.6 144,020,197 46,857,522 32.5 97,162,675 67.5 112,959,098 40,424,028 35 8 72,636,070 64.2 16 17 18 19 20 27,693,203 16,269,070 58.7 11.424,133 41.3 25,849,631 16,015,293 58 1 10,834,338 41.9 9,006,821 5,626,963 62.5 3,379,868 37.5 / 6,151,892 4,253,009 69.1 1,898,883 30.9 73,216,387 44,528,066 60.8 28, 688, 321 39.2 60,163,380 35, 306, 436 58.7 24,856,944 41.3 123,610,904 73, 593, 767 69.5 50,017,137 40.5 107.590,803 62; 636, 626 68.1 46,064,177 41.9 21 22 23 24 25 15,221,059 3,208,522 21.1 12,012,537 78.9 11,426,548 2,597,321 22.7 8,829,227 77.3 4,923,366 1,433,298 29.1 3,490,068 70.9 3,444,175 1,300,178 37.8 2,143,997 62.2 32,429,852 5,874,850 18.1 26,656,002 81.9 26,384,812 4,912,882 18.6 21,471,930 81.4 63,083,611 12,251,666 19.4 50,831,955 80.6 51, 616, 228 10,786,092 20.9 40,729,136 79.1 26 27 28 29 30 232,388,946 190,241,770 81.9 42,147,176 18.1 196,278,276 159,202,765 81.5 36,075,511 18.5 93,840,185 81,837,417 87.2 12,002,768 12.8 62,392,263 55,494,453 88.9 6,897,810 11.1 626,410,431 518,476,129 82.8 107,934,302 17.2 498,655,033 407,691,316 81.8 90,963,717 18.2 1,124,092,061 931,441,989 82.9 192,660,062 17.1 907,626,439 745,258,444 82.1 162,367,995 17.9 31 32 33 34 35 43,112,637 35,106,729 81.4 8,005,908 18.6 35,995,101 29,341,906 81.5 6,653,195 18.5 14,623,430 12,342,914 84.4 2,280,516 15.6 11,098,680 9,076,395 81.8 2,022,286 18.2 112,872,261 90,762,218 80.4 22,110,043 19.6 87,961,780 72,876,934 82.9 15,074,846 17.1 202, 109, 683 165,514,471 81.9 36,595,112 18.1 166, 650, 382 137,208,737 82.9 28,341,645 17.1 36 37 38 39 40 87,942,628 58,360,113 66.4 29,582,515 33.6 73, ,394, 062 47,824,947 65.2 25,669,115 34.8 32,325,002 23,109,487 71.5 9,215,516 28.6 19,348, 686 12,797,791 66.1 6,650,796 33.9 191,301,881 126,663,433 66.2 64,638,448 33.8 169,671,648 113,963,931 67.2 55,707,717 32.8 369,082,091 246, 328, 100 66.7 ] 22, 753, 991 33.3 315,106,150 209,799,807 66.6 105,306,343 33.4 41 42 43 44 45 926,144,542 729,364,046 635, 395, 716 335,462,593 2,961,995,169 2,311,404,552 5,218,265,936 4,074,718,936 46 701,445,078 7.5.7 224,699,464 24.3 666,061,044 77.6 163,303,002 22.4 441,202,883 82.4 94,192,833 17.6 280,928,903 83.7 54,633,690 16.3 2,214,538,679 74.8 747,456,490 26.2 1,792,514,538 77.6 518,890,014 22.4 3,974,282,059 76.2 1,243,983,877 23.8 3,180,099,068 78.0 894,619,868 22.0 47 48 49 50 430,014,851 369,228,976 8.5.9 60,785.875 14.1 337,323,585 291,373,138 86.4 45,950,447 13.6 301,575,788 277,039,197 91.9 24,536,591 8.1 185,164,066 170, 527, 217 92.1 14,636,849 7.9 1,348,603,286 1,169,594,155 86.0 189,009,131 14.0 1,018,377,186 884,676,362 86.9 133,701,824 13.1 2,488,346,579 2,162,393,701 86.9 325,951,878 13.1 1,871,830,872 1,636,586,598 87.4 235,244,274 12.6 51 52 53 54 55 128,168,801 97, 790, 212 76.3 30,378,589 23.7 95.164,913 74,331,469 78.1 20,833,444 21.9 66,662,681 54,002,694 81.1 12,649,987 18.9 38,824,655 31,585,959 81.4 7,238,696 18.6 470,449,176 339,641,643 72.2 1.30.807,533 27.8 334,726,094 255,962,061 76.5 78.763,433 23.6 774,369,025 674,013,237 74.1 200,355,788 25.9 653,005,684 424,236,408 76.7 128,770,276 23.3 56 57 68 59 60 367,960,890 234,425,890 63.7 133,635,000 36.3 296,875.648 200,356,437 67.5 96,519,111 .32.5 167,267,247 110,160,992 65.9 67, 106, 255 34.1 111,473,872 78,815,727 70.7 .32,668,145 29.3 1,142,942,707 715,302,881 62.6 427,639,826 37.4 958,301,272 651,876,515 68 306.424,757 32.0 1,955,561,332 1,237,875,121 63.3 717,676,211 36.7 1,649,882,380 1,119,277,062 67.8 530,605,318 32.2 61 62 63 64 65 175,460,785 130,864,7.32 . 91,770,695 64,552,805 550,101,771 .395,686,250 974,028,415 711,800,365 66 80.581,6.37 4.5. 9 94,879.148 54.1 64,899,572 49.6 65,965,160 50.4 49,961,8.33 54.4 41.818,862 45.6 33,829,743 62.0 20,723,062 38.0 233,197.222 42.4 316,904,549 57.6 188,492.760 47.6 207.193,490 62.4 434,652,790 44.6 639, 375, 625 55.4 345,276,766 4a 5 366, 523, 689 61.5 67 68 69 70 97,056,917 76,808,083 49,990,908 34,059,989 320,708,198 258,142,IB2 550,792,632 444,474,584 71 58,493,309 60.3 38, 563, 608 39.7 49,904,762 65.0 26,903,321 35.0 34,676,284 69.4 15,314,624 30.6 26,041,817 76.5 8,018,172 23.5 170,218,259 53.1 150. 489, 939 46.9 146,041,510 56.6 112,101,172 43.4 314,976,540 57.2 235,816,092 42.8 266,694,821 60.0 177,779,763 40.0 72 73 74 75 8,158,203 6,530,629 80.0 1,627.574 20.0 8,467,003 6,697,403 79.2 1,759,600 20.8 2, .691, 218 1,909,781 71.0 781,437 29.0 1,919,809 1.439.268 75.0 480. .541 25.0 24,&S3,806 18,173,070 73.0 6,710.73f. 27.0 24,725,317 17,875,836 72.3 6,849,482 27.7 41,160,276 30,390,039 73 8 10,770,237 26.2 41,321,061 30,686,810 74.0 10,734,261 26.0 76 77 78 79 80 CCXCIV MANUFACTURES. Table (I'XLII.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY— MAXUFACTURES IN URBAN AND RURAL 90 91 92 93 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 125 121; 127 12S 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 130 151 152 153 154 156 157 158 South Atlantic division— Continued. Norttiern Soutti Atlantic— Continued. Maryland Urban Per cent of total Rural Per cent of total District of Columbia. Urban Percent of total.. Virginia Urban Per cent of total . Rural Per cent of total - West Virginia Urban Per cent of total . Rural Per cent of total . Southern South Atlantic . Urban Per cent of total . Rural Per cent of total . North Carolina Urban Per cent of total . Rural Per cent of total . South Carolina Urban Percent of total. Rural Percent of total. Georgia Urban Per cent of total . Rural Per cent of total . Florida Urban Per cent of total . Rural Per cent of total . North Central division. Urban . Per cent of total . Rural . Per cent of total Eastern North Central. Urban. Per cent ofttotal . Rural. Percent of total. Ohio .- Urban.. : Per cent of total. Rural. .L..... ...\ .. Per cent of total . Indiana . : ;..... Urban Per cent of total . Rural Per cent of total . Illinois Urban Per cent of total . Rural Percent of total. MichiL'aii. rrliiiTi Percent of total. Rural Percent of total. Wisconsin Urlwiii PrTcent of total. Rnriil Percr'nt of total. NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS. CAPITAL. WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. Average number. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 3,852 2,380 61.8 1,472 38.2 3,886 2,480 63.8 1,406 36.2 $201,877,966 156,743,849 77.6 45,134,117 22.4 .5149,165,313 111,842,932 76.0 37,312,381 25.0 94,174 70,856 75.2 23,319 24.8 94, 170 70,745 75.1 23,425 24.9 482 482 100.0 491 491 100.0 20,199,783 20,199,783 100.0 17,960,498 17,960,498 100.0 6,299 6,299 100.0 6,155 6,156 100.0 3,187 745 23.4 2,442 76.6 3,186 752 23.6 2.434 76.4 147,989,182 80,192,704 64.2 67,796,478 45.8 92,299,589 60,194,429 54.4 42,106,160 45.6 80,285 38,206 47.6 42,079 62.4 66,223 33,427 50.5 32,796 49.6 2,109 363 17.2 1,746 82.8 1,824 327 17.9 1,497 82.1 86,820,823 26,979,843 / 31.1 59,840,980 68.9 49, 103, 138 17,884,262 36.4 31,218,876 63.6 43,768 12, 125 27.7 31,633 72.3 33,080 9,830 29.7 23,250 70.3 9,303 9,124 422, 606, 396 236,018,519 279,620 238, 154 1,696 17.2 7,707 82.8 1,244 13.6 7,880 86.4 ; 102,714,796 , „ . 24. 3 319,891,600 , , -; 76. 7 70,421,185 29.8 165, 597, 334 70.2 61,719 22.1 217,901 77.9 49,235 20.7 188,919 79.3 3,272 348 10.6 2,924 89.4 3,466 286 8.3 3,179 91.7 141,000,639 21,l^'o,386 16.0 119,864,254 86.0 68,283,005 13,150,942 19.3 56,132,063 80.7 86,339 12,061 14.1 73,288 85.9 72,322 10,460 14.6 61,862 86.5 1,399 220 15.7 1,179 84.3 1,369 195 14.2 1,174 86.8 113,422,224 15, 480, 039 13.6 97,942,185 86.4 62,750,027 12, 692, 106 20.2 50,057,922 79.8 59,441 8,697 14.6 60,744 86.4 47,025 7,409 15.8 39,616 84.2 3,219 650 20.2 2,569 79.8 3.015 534 17.7 2.481 82. 3 135,211,661 61,588,508 38.2 83,623,043 61.8 79,303,316 36,004,003 45.4 43,299,313 54.6 92,749 28,818 31.1 63,931 68.9 83,336 23,822 28.6 59,514 71.4 1,413 378 26.8 1,035 73.2 1,276 229 18.0 1,046 82.0 32,971,982 14,509,864 44.0 IS. 462, 118 56.0 25, 682, 171 8, 674, 135 33 4 17,108,036 66.6 42,091 12,153 28.9 29,938 71.1 35,471 7,544 21.3 27,927 78.7 73, 246 71,263 3,753,349,949 2,633,669,669 1,536,889 1,339,373 36, 132 49.3 37,114 50.7 33,839 47.5 37,414 52.5 i 2,789,920,292 74.3 963,429,657 25.7 1,992,614,690 75.7 640,954,879 24.3 1,110,601 72.3 426,388 27.7 961,903 71.8 377,470 28.2 51,754 60,621 2.895,446,016 2,056,116,914 1,224,528 1,073,322 27, 595 53.3 24,169 46.7 25,709 60.9 24,812 49.1 2, 147, 746, .359 74.2 747,699,657 25.8 1,663,991,541 76 1 492, 126, 373 23.9 889,341 72.6 335,187 27.4 773,862 72.1 299,460 27.9 13,785 7,744 56 2 6,041 43.8 13,868 ; 7,347 , 53.0 1 6.521 ' 47.0 856.988,830 647,365,284 75.5 209.623.546 24. 3 570,908,968 439,040,127 76.9 131,868,841 23.1 364,298 269,088 73.9 95,210 26.1 308,109 229,526 74.5 78,583 26.5 7,044 2,800 39.8 4,244 60.2 7,128 2,604 35.1 4,624 114. 9 .312,071,234 186, 698. 784 59 8 125,372,450 40.2 219,321,080 134,302,053 61.2 86,019,027 38.8 164, 174- 96, 893 62.2 58,281 37.8 139,017 83,134 59.8 55,883 40.2 14,921 10,636 70.6 4, 383 29.4 14,374 1 9,902 68.9 4.472 31.1 975. ,844,799 S22,916,347 S4.3 I,i2,!i2s.4,52 1,5.7 732,829,771 644, 679, 342 88.0 88,250,429 12.0 379,436 319,486 84.2 59,950 15.8 332,871 286,863 85.9 47,008 14.1 7,44(; 3,412 4.5.8 4,034 54.2 7,, 310 3, 133 42.9 4.177 57.1 .337,894,102 203, 581, 101 60.2 134,. 313, 001 39. S 246,996,629 150,694,956 61.0 96,301,673 39.0 176,229 111,290 63.5 63,939 36.5 165,800 89,643 57.5 66, 157 42.5 8,558 3, 103 36. 3 5,4.55 63.7 7,841 2,823 36. 5,018 r,.t,o 412,647,051 2S7,1,S4,843 69, 6 125.462.208 30. 4 286,060,566 196, 375, 063 68.3 90,685,503 31.7 151,391 93,584 61.8 67,807 :b.2 137,525 85,696 62.3 51.829 37.7 URBAN MANUFACTURES. DISTRICTS, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIOXS. STATES. AND TERRITORIES: 1905 AND 1900— Continued. CCXCV WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES— Con- tinued. 1 ^^■ages. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. ( OST OF MATERIALS USED. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 .?36.144,244 27,759,670 76.8 8,384,574 23.2 .532.414, 429 24, 71)9, 598 76.5 7,614,831 23.5 $21,904,752 18,844,743 86.0 3,060,009 14.0 $14,784,769 12,446,676 84.2 2,339,093 15.8 $150,024,066 86,659,937 57.8 63, 364, 129 42.2 $129,354,412 78,986,177 61.1 50,368,235 38.9 $243,375,996 161, 325, 760 66.3 82,050,236 33.7 $211,076,143 141,426,073 67.0 ' 69,651,070 33.0 : 3, 658, 370 3,658,370 lOO.O 3,022,906 3,022,906 100.0 2,724,840 2.724,840 100.0 1,941,118 1,941,118 100.0 7,731,971 7,731,971 100.0 7,475,216 7,475,216 1 100.0 18,359,159 18,359,159 100.0 16,426,408 16,426,408 100.0 27,943,058 14.447.534 51.7 13.495.524 48.3 20.273,889 ll,129,7ti9 54 9 '■ 9, 144, 120 ; 45.1 1 14,403,382 8,275,711 57.5 6.127,671 42.5 11,249,903 8,056,119 71.6 3,193,784 28.4 83,649,149 37,387,866 44.7 46,261,283 55.3 59,359,484 28,256,752 47.6 31,103,732 52.4 148,856,525 70,690,741 47.5 78,165,784 52.5 108, 644, 150 65,177,217 60.8 53,466,933 49.2 21,153,042 6,097,106 2S.8 15,055,9.36 71.2 12,639,856 4,255,086 3a7 8,384,770 66.3 8,266,716 2,921,209 35.3 5,346,507 64.7 4,164,390 2,169,636 51.9 2,004,754 48.1 54,419,206 20,265,415 37.2 34,163,791 62.8 37,228,253 13,448,530 36.1 23,779,723 63.9 99,040,676 34,210,841 34.5 64,829,835 66.5 67,006,822 .23,079,313 34.4 43,927,509 65.6 78,403,868 54,056,649 41,779,787 20,492,816 229,393,573 137,543,568 423,235,783 267,325,771 22.088.328 282 56,315.540 71.8 14,994,810 27.7 39,061,839 T2 3 15,275,649 36.6 26,504,238 63.4 7,787,926 38,0 12,704,890 62.0 62,978,963 27.5 166,414,610 72.5 . 42,451,250 30.9 95,092,318 69.1 119,676,250 28 3 303,659,533 71.7 78,581,946 29.4 188,743,826 70.6 21,375,294 3,381,366 15.8 17,993,928 84.2 14.051,784 2.353,672 16.7 11,698,112 83.3 17,952,050 5,987,753 33.4 11,964,297 66.6 9,632,714 2,989,169 31.0 6,643,545 69.0 79,268,004 11,989,008 16 1 67,278,996 84.9 44,854,224 8,249,834 18.4 36,604,390 81.6 142,520,776 ■ 26,636,638 17.9 116,985,138 82.1 85,274,083 16, 106, 425 18 9 69,167,658 81.1 13,868,950 2,456,973 17.7 11,411,977 82.3 9,130,269 1,853,189 20.3 7.277,080 79.7 6,013,241 1, 415, 609 23.6 4,597,732 76.6 3,131,202 686,144 21.9 2,445,058 78.1 49,968,626 9,034,620 18 1 40,934,006 81.9 30, 485, 861 6,979,029 22.9 23,606,832 77.1 79,376,262 14,488,514 18 3 64,887,748 81.7 53,335,811 11,404,995 21.4 41,930,816 78.6 27.392,442 9,797,505 35.8 17.594,937 64.2 19,958,153 7,069,207 35.4 12.888.946 64.6 12,206,634 5,119,445 41.9 7,087,189 58.1 5,550,959 2,804,975 50.6 2,745,984 49.6 83,624,604 31,988,647 38.3 51,635,957 61.7 49,356,296 21,317,871 43.2 28,038,425 56.8 151,040,455 56,856,936 37.6 94,183,619 62.4 94,632,368 38,047,578 40.2 56,484,790 59.8 15.767.182 6.452.484 40 9 9,314,698 59.1 10,916,443 3,718,742 34,1 7.197.701 65. 9 6,607,862 2, 762, 842 49 1 2,855,020 50.9 2,177,941 1,307,638 60.0 870,303 40.0 16, 532, 439 9,966,788 60 3 6,665,651 39.7 12,847,187 5,904,616 46.0 6,942,671 54.0 50,298,290 22,795,162 45.3 27,603,128 54.7 34,183,609 13,022,947 38 1 21,160,662 61.9 773. 486, 165 590,248,727 .518.132,418 333,602,522 2,907,547,683 2,295,141,276 4,889,813,934 3,826,024,192 569,618,715 73.6 203,867,450 26.4 432,665,715 73.3 157,583,012 26.7 418,656,288 80.8 99,476,130 19.2 278,660,029 83.5 54,952,493 16.5 2,124,124,278 73.1 783,423,305 26.9 1,691,221,633 73.7 603,919,643 26.3 3,625,636,084 74.1 1,264,177,850 26.9 2,852,192,603 74.5 973,831,689 25.5 615,643,634 473,039,517 413,259,173 269,463,083 2.045,536,931 1,647,576,710 3,605,368,132 2,853,055,527 456,699,555 74 2 1,58.944,079 25.8 348,413,335 73.7 124,626,182 26.3 335,592,757 81.2 77,666,416 18.8 224,644,296 83.4 44,818,787 16.6 1,533,086,780 1 74.9 612, 450. 151 25.1 1,238,329,995 75.2 409,246,716 24.8 2,724,620,867 75.6 880,747,275 24 4 2,157,659,312 75.6 695,396,215 24.4 182, 429, 425 137,000,574 75.1 45, 428, 851 24.9 136,427,579 102,272.574 75.0 .34,155,005 25.0 102,704,746 81,641,784 79.5 21,062,962 20.5 63,694,201 63,690,847 841 10,103,354 15.9 527.636,585 398,336,206 76.5 129,300,380 24.5 409,302,501 298,282,142 72 9 111,020,359 27.1 960,811,857 730,200,214 76.0 230,611,643 24.0 748,670,865 561,113,610 74.9 187,557,245 25.1 72,058,099 45,704,650 63.4 2fi. 353, 449 36.6 59,280,131 35,926,711 60.6 23,353,420 39.4 46,682,513 36,286,396 77.7 10,396,117 22.3 30,807,171 26,055,785 84 6 4,751,386 15.4 220,507,007 132,653,330 60.2 87,853,677 39.8 195,162,566 124,341,281 63.7 70,821,285 t 36.3 .393,954,406 244,612,093 62.1 149,342,312 37.9 337.071,630 216,076,625 64.1 120,996,005 35.9 208, 405, 468 178,374,861 . 85 6 .30,030,607 14.4 159, 104, 179 138,984,037 87.4 20.120,142 12.6 172,185,567 151,10.5,549 87.8 21,080,018 12.2 118,047,771 103,443,355 87.6 14.604,416 12.4 840,057,316 729,117,952 86 8 110,939,364 13.2 681, 460, 122 607,230,318 89 1 74,219,804 10.9 1,410,342,129 1,222,970,456 86.7 187,371,673 13.3 1,120,868,308 990,707,594 88.4 130,160,714 11.6 81,278,837 51,862,342 63.8 29,416,495 36.2 62,531,812 36,431,481 1 58 3 26,100.331 41.7 46,012,191 31,909,478 69 4 14.102,713 30.6 25,042,614 17,997,422 71.9 7,045,092 28 1 230,080,931 136,166,577 59.2 93,914,,?.54 40 8 175,966,128 97,738,152 55.5 78.227.976 44 5 429,120,060 267,418,050 62.3 161,702,010 37.7 319,691,856 186,801,339 58.4 132,890,517 41.6 71,471,805 43,757,128 61.2 27,714,677 38.8 55,696,816 34,798,632 62. 5 20,897,284 37.5 j 45, 674, 156 34,649,550 11,024,606 24.1 31,871,426 23,556,887 73 9 8.314,539 26 1 227,255,092 136,812,716 60.2 90,442,376 39.8 185. 695, 393 110,738,102 59.6 74.957,291 40.4 411,139,681 269,420,044 63 1 151,719,637 36.9 326,752,878 202,960,144 62.1 123,792,734 37.9 81 82 83 84 85 87 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 166 157 158 CCXCVl MANUFACTURES. Table ('('XLII.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY— MANUFACTURES IN URBAN AND RURAL 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 2;i4 i 2:ii) ; •2:si; 237 I 238 North Central division— Continued. Western North Central Urban Per cent of total . Rural Per cent of total . Minnesota Urban Per cent of total . Bural Per cent of total . Iowa • Urban Per cent of total . Eural Percent of total. 'Missouri Urban Percent of total. Rural Percent of total. North Dakota Urban Per cent of total . Rural Percent of total . South Dakota Urban Per cent of total . Rural Per cent of total . Nebraska 'Urban Per cent of total - Bural Per cent of total . Kansas Urban Per cent of total . Rural Per cent of total . South Central division . Urban Percent of total. Rural Percent of total. Eastern South Central . Urban Per cent of total Rural Per cent of total Kentucky Urban Percent of total. Rural Per cent of total . Tennessee Urban Per cent of total . Rural Per cent of total. Alabama Urban Per cent of total Rural Per cent of total * . Mississippi Urban Per cent of total . Rural Percent of total. Western South Central . Urban Percent of total. Rural Percent of total. Ijouisiana Urt>an Percent of total. Rural IVr crnt of total. NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS. CAPITAL. "WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Average number. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 21,492 20,732 $857,903,933 $577,452,655 312,361 266,051 8,637 39.7 12,956 60.3 8,130 39.2 12,002 60.8 642,173,933 74.9 215,730,000 26.1 428,623,149 74.2 148,829,506 25.8 221,160 70.8 91,201 29.1 188,041 70.7 78,010 29.3 4,756 1,870 39.3 2,886 60.7 4,096 1,633 39.9 2,463 60.1 184,903,271 124,777,'794 67.6 60,126,477 32.5 133,076,669 90,973,360 68.4 42,103,309 69,636 44,391 63.7 25,245 36.3 64,557 40,118 62.1 24,439 37.9 4,786 1,663 34.8 3,122 65.2 4,828 1,524 31.6 3,304 68.4 111,427,429 82,152,708 73.7 29,274,721 26.3 85,667,334 63,664,491 74.2 22,102,843 25.8 49,481 36,945 72.6 13,536 27.4 44,420 31,456 70.8 12,964 29.2 6,464 3,690 57.1 2,774 42.9 6,863 3,786 65.2 3,067 44.8 379,368,827 324,670,793 85.6 54,698,034 14.4 223,781,088 190,540,745 85.1 33,240,343 14.9 133,167 106,078 79.7 27,089 20.3 107,704 85, 657 79:6 22,047 20.5 607 47 9.3 460 90.7 337 36 10.7 .301 89.3 6,703,837 884,188 15.5 4,819,649 84.5 3,511,968 845,668 24.1 2,666,300 76.9 1,755 386 22.0 1,369 78.0 1,358 307 22.6 1,051 77.4 686 61 8.9 625 91.1 624 48 7.7 576 92.3 7,586,142 1,748,022 23.0 5,837,120 77.0 6,051,288 927, 128 15.3 5, 124, 160 84.7 2,492 465 18.7 2,027 81.3 2,224 311 14.0 1,913 86.0 1,819 487 26.8 1,332 73.2 1,695 429 25.3 1,266 74.7 80,235,310 59,543,162 74.2 20,692,148 25.8 65,906,052 61,687,992 78.3 14,318,060 21.7 20,260 13, 101 64.7 7,169 35.3 18,669 12,707 68.1 5,962 31.9 2,476 719 29.1 1,756 70.9 2,299 674 29.3 1,625 70.7 88,680,117 48,397,266 54.6 40,282,851 46.4 59,468,266 30,183,765 50.8 29,274,491 49.2 35,670 20,794 68.5 14,776 41.5 27,119 17,486 64.6 9,634 35.5 18,690 17,232 734,267,139 427,983,941 364,699 290, 596 5,277 28.4 13,313 71.6 4,741 27.5 12, 491 72.5 302,655,173 41.2 431,611,966 58.8 193,916,102 46.3 234,067,839 64.7 129,991 35.6 234,708 64.4 107,130 36.9 183, 466 63.1 10,311 10,058 405,361,127 234,014,669 221,229 177,208 2,962 28.7 7.349 71.3 2,730 27.1 7.328 72.9 180,618,500 44.6 224,742,627 66.4 110,338,548 47.2 123,676,021 52.8 84,414 38.2 136,815 61.8 69,214 39.1 107,994 60.9 3,734 1,475 39.5 2,259 60.5 3,648 1,498 41.3 2,150 58.7 147,282,478 102,703,314 69.7 44, 579, 164 30.3 87,996,822 58,650,380 66.7 29,346,442 33.3 59,794 37,378 62.6 22, 416 37.5 51,735 33, 126 64.0 18,609 36.0 3,176 964 30.4 2,211 69.6 3,116 787 25.3 2,329 74.7 102, 439, 481 55,134,890 63.8 47, 304, 591 46.2 63,140,657 36,134,741 57.2 27,006,916 42.8 60,572 32,297 63.3 28.275 46.7 46,963 23,740 51.7 22,223 48.3 1,882 414 22.0 1,468 78.0 2,000 363 18.2 1,637 81.8 105,382,869 18,376,753 17.4 87,006,106 82.6 60,165,904 11,763,009 19.6 48,402,895 80.4 62, 173 12,046 19.4 50, 127 80.6 62,711 9,879 18.7 42,832 81.3 1,520 109 7.2 1,411 92.8 1,294 82 6.3 1,212 93.7 50,266,309 4, 403, 543 Q D 45,852,7(36 91. 2 22,712,188 3,790,418 16.7 18,921,768 83.3 38,690 2,693 7.0 36,997 93.0 26, 799 2,469 . 9.2 24,330 90.8 S,27» 7,174 328,900,012 193.969,372 143, 470 113,388 2,315 2S.0 5,964 72.0 2,011 28.0 S, 163 72.0 122,030,673 37.1 206,869,339 62.9 83,577,554 43.1 110,391,818 56.9 45,577 31.8 97,893 68.2 37,916 33.4 76.472 66.6 2,i):ji 7'.I3 .■i7. i) 1,-«K Ii2, 1 1 , S2li 747 40.9 1.(I7!1 .-ill. 1 .160,810,608 02,534.027 41.5 .88, 276, .581 100,874,729 44, 834, .564 44.4 50,040,165 66.6 65,869 19,470 34.9 36,383 65.1 40,878 17,250 42.3 23,628 57.7 URBAN MANUFACTURES. DISTRICTS, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS, STATES, AXD TERRITORIES: 1905 AND 1900— Continue. 1. CCXCVU WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES— Con- tinued. 1 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. COST OF MATERIALS USED. VALUE (IF PRODUCTS. 1 Wages. 1905 1900 190.) 1 1900 1 1 1900 1905 1900 $157, 842, 531 1117,209,210 3104,873,245 S64,139,4.W 8862,010,662 J647,564,566 81,284,445,802 $972,968,665 112,91'J,1«0 71.5 44,923,371 ^8.5 84,252,380 71.9 32,956,830 28.1 8:t,0in,531 79. 2 21,809,714 20, 8 54,005,733 84,2 10,133,7116 15, S 691,037,498 68.6 270,973,154 31.4 452,891,638 69.9 194,672,928 30-1 901,015,227 70.1 383,430,575 29 9 694,533,191 71.4 278, 435, 474 28 6 35,843,145 22,861,380 63.8 12.981.76.5 36.2 29,029,190 18,114,300 62.4 10,914,890 37.6 24.493,840 16.315,762 66 11 8, 17S,II7S 3:i 4 12,742,948 ', 8, 712, .584 i 68 4 4,030,364 31.6 210,553,949 123,779,896 58 8 86,774,053 41.2 150,299,277 96,963,701 63.8 54,335,576 36,2 307,858,073 186,101,775 60.5 121,756,298 39.5 223,692,922 143,6.37,216 64 2 80,166,706 35 8 ■22,997,053 16,945,327 73.7 6,031,726 26. 3 18,020,653 12.837.770 71,2 S. 182. 883 28 8 12,1.52,885 ■ 9,305.492 76 li 2,847,396 23, 4 6,626,455 5,035,794 76.0 1,690,661 24 102,843,892 74, 540, 539 72.6 28,303,353 27.5 85,778,867 69,197,715 69.0 26,581,152 31.0 160,572,313 116,033,279 72.3 44,539,034 27.7 132,870,865 92,341,828 69.5 40,529,037 30.5 66,644,1-6 54,587,230 81.9 12,056,896 18.1 46,713,734 38, 515, 805 82.5 8,197,929 17.5 49,522,457 43,795,760 88,4 5,726,697 11.6 33,641,428 31,340,178 93.2 2,301,260 6.8 252,258,417 176,737,322 70.1 76,521,095 29.9 184,189,030 130,393,149 70.8 63,796,881 29.2 439,548,957 335,431,978 76.3 104,116,979 23.7 316,304,095 243, 492, 639 77.0 72,811,456 23.0 1.031.307 : 21S, 548 21.2 812,759 78.8 671,321 163,078 24.3 508,243 75.7 509,880 114,966 22.5 394,914 77.5 202,723 49,033 24 2 153,690 75.8 7,093,986 555,020 7.8 6,640,966 92.2 4,150,860 783,246 18,9 3,367,614 81.1 10,217,914 1,160,832 11.4 9,057,082 88.6 6,269,840 1,230,668 1 19.7 5,029,182 80.3 1,421,680 248,200 17.5 1.173,480 82.5 1,129,787 151,574 13.4 S78, 213 86.6 833,360 239,786 28.8 593, 574 71.2 366,226 127,893 34 9 238,332 651 8,696,831 1,066,693 12.3 7,631,138 87.7 6,483,677 321,528 5 6,162,149 93.0 13,085,333 1,897,790 14 6 11,187,543 85 5 9, ,529, 946 883,624 9.3 8,646,322 90.7 t 11,022,149 ' 7,267,450 65.9 3,754,699 341 8,842,429 6,198,646 70.1 2,643,784 29.9 8,490,360 7,080,049 83.4 1,410,311 16,6 6,168,761 5, 368, 646 87.0 800, 115 13.0 124,061,628 104,777,406 84 5 19,274,222 15 5 95,923,178 82,541,779 86 13,383,399 14.0 154,918,220 126,641,601 81.7 28,276,719 18.3 130,302,453 110,346,627 84 7 19,955,826 15,3 18,883,071 1 10,791,025 \ 57.1 8.092,046 42.9 12,802,096 8,271,208 64 6 4,530,888 35 4 8,870,460 6,211,716 70,0 2,658,744 30,0 4,390,899 3,371,605 76,8 1,019,294 23.2 156, 509, 949 109,381,622 70.0 46,928,327 30. 120,737,077 83,690,520 69.3 37,047,157 30.7 198,244,992 133,748,072 67.5 64,496,920 32.5 154, 008, 544 102,700,599 66 7 51,307,945 33.3 151, 069, .526 98,718,387 82,908,012 46, 376,. 536 498,988,696 330,017,235 879,667,293 677,400,101 57,329,008 37.9 93,740,518 1 62.1 42,072,194 42.6 56,646,193 57.4 38,863,824 46.9 44,054,188 53.1 27,066,389 58.4 19,310,147 41.6 225,669,091 46.2 273,319,605 54.8 154,004,211 46.7 176,013,024 53.3 382,060,004 43.4 497,507,289 56.6 268,150,675 46.4 309,249,426 53.6 83,941,797 56,003,048 46,526,637 30,181,286 232, 156, 463 176,506,503 464,335,811 325,086,235 34,947,846 41.6 48,993,951 58.4 25,442,327 46.4 30,660,721 546 24,850,035 53.4 21,675,502 46.6 19,140,499 63.4 11,040.787 36,6 117.298,674 46.5 134.857,789 53.5 84,476,421 47.9 92,030,082 62.1 214,332,762 46.2 250,003,049 53.8 158, 151, 106 48.6 166,935,129 51.4 24,438,684 15,941,109 65.2 8, 497, 575 34.8 18,454,252 12,346,286 66.9 6,107,966 33.1 20,530,862 16,684,304 76.4 4,846,548 23.6 18,115,195 14,269,677 78.8 3,845,618 21.2 Sr,,545,464 58,892,6.50 68.0 27,652,814 32,0 67,406,202 44, 122, 236 66.6 23,283,966 34.5 159,753,968 109,910,643 68.8 49,843,425 31.2 126,508,660 85,236,254 67.4 41,273,406 32.6 22,805,628 13,143,739 57.6 9,661,886 42.4 14,727,506 8,521,661' 67.9 6,205,845 42.1 12,090,0:» 7,151,260 59.1 4,938,839 40.9 6,022,626 3,414,497 66.7 2, 608, 129 43.3 79.351,746 43,189,377 54.4 36,162,369 45.6 54,559,039 28, 492, 722 62.2 26,066,317 47.8 137,960,476 76,611,034 55.5 61,349,442 44.5 92,749,129 49,505,056 63.4 43,244,073 46.6 21,878,451 4,616, !(57 21.1 1 17,261.494 78. 9 14,911,683 3,651,798 24.6 11,259,886 76.5 8,048,819 1,669,163 20.7 6,379,6,56 79.3 4,128,294 1,113,988 27.0 3,014,306 73.0 60,4,58,368 11,668,732 19.3 48,789,636 80.7 37,998,233 9,449,963 24.9 28,548,270 75.1 109,169,922 21,835,932 20.0 87,333,990 80.0 72,109,929 19,003,683 26.4 63,106,246 73.6 14 819,034 1,246,041 8.4 13,572,993 91.6 7,909,607 922,582 11.7 6,987,025 88.3 6,855,767 345,308 5.9 5,510,4.59 94.1 1,915,171 342,437 17.9 1,672,734 82.1 25,800,885 3, ,547, 915 13.8 ^ 22,2,52.970 ,86.2 16,543,029 2,411,500 14.6 14,131,529 85.4 67,451,445 5,975,253 10.4 51,476,192 89.6 33,718,517 4,407,113 13.1 29,311,404 86.9 67,127,729 42,715,339 36,382,475 16,195,250 246,832,233 163,510,732 416,231.4,82 262,313,866 22,381,162 33.3 44,746,567 66.7 16,629,867 38.9 26,085,472 61.1 14,003,789 38.5 22,378,686 61.5 7,925,890 48.9 8,269,360 51.1 108,370,417 43.9 138,461,816 56.1 69,527,790 45.3 83,982,942 54.7 167,727,242 40.4 247,504,240 59.6 109,999,569 43.6 142,314,297 65.4 25,315,750 8,445,052 33.4 16,870,698 66.6 14,725,437 6,606,747 44.9 8,118,690 65.1 16,047.105 6,557,4.58 40.9 9, 489, 647 59.1 8,101,311 4,476,418 65.3 3,624,893 44.7 117,035,305 63,814,449 54.5 ,53,220,856 45.5 75,403,937 41,673,064 55.3 33, 730.. •^73 44.7 186,379,592 1 88,908,990 ■ 47.7 97,470,602 1 52.3 111,397,919 59,719,597 33.6 51,678,322 46.4 1 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 CCXCVlll MANUFACTURES. Table ('('XLII.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY— MA^'UFA(■TURES IN URBAN AND RURAL 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 250 257 258 259 260 2i;i 263 264 265 26b 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 31 S 319 320 321 ;J92 323 324 32,-, 326 South Central division— Continued. AVestern South Central — Continued Arkansas I'rlian Per cent of total Eural Per cent of total Indian Territory Rural Per cent of total . Oklahoma Urban Per cent of total. Rural Percent of total . Texas Urban Per cent of total . Rural Percent of total. Western division . Urban Percent of total. Rural Percent of total. Rocky Mountain. Urban Per cent of total . Rural Percent of total . Montana Urban Per cent of total . Rural Percent of total. Idaho Rural Per cent of total . Wyoming Urban Per cent of total . Rural Percent of total. Colorado Urban Percent of total. Rural Percent of total. New Mexico Rural Percent of total. Basin and Plateau . Urban Percent of total. Rural Per cent of total . Arizona Rural Percent of total . Utah Urban Percent of total. Eural Per cent of total . Nevada Rural Per cent of total . Urban Per cent of total . Rural Percent of total. Washington Urban Per cent of total . Rural Per cent of total . Oregon Urban Per cent of total . Rural Per cent of total . California Urltan Per cent of total . Rural Percent cif total. Alaska NUMBER or ESTABLISHMENTS. 1905 1.907 224 11.7 l.(iS3 S8. 3 466 466 100.0 657 123 18.7 : 534 81.3 3,158 1,175 37.2 1,983 62.8 14,802 6,842 46.2 7,960 53.8 2,720 1,746 186 10.7 1 , SliO 89.3 179 179 100.0 21. S 247 78.2 3,107 1,009 32.5 2,098 67.5 11,475 5,241 45.7 6,234 54.3 2, 318 1,074 39.5 1,646 60.6 382 137 35.9 245 64.1 364 364 100.0 169 32 18.9 137 81.1 1,606 905 56.4 701 43.6 199 199 100.0 890 256 28.8 634 71.2 169 169 .100.0 606 256 42.2 .350 57.8 115 115 100.0 11,192 911 39. 3 1,407 { 60.7 396 136 34.4 269 05.6 287 287 100. 139 29 20.9 110 79.1 1,323 746 56.4 577 43.6 174 174 100.0 828 205 24.8 623 75.2 154 154 100.0 575 205 .35.7 370 64.3 99 99 100.0 8, 329 5,512 49.2 5,680 50.8 2,751 HAS 36. 3 1,7.53 63 7 1,602 479 29.!) 1.123 70.1 t'i.839 4.035 ,59.0 2,804 41.0 4,125 49.5 4,204 60.5 1,926 691 .36.9 1,2,35 64. 1 1,406 439 .31.2 967 68. 8 4,997 2,995 ,59. 9 2,002 40.1 4S 1905 .«4fi,306,116 9.698,492 20.7 36,707,624 79.3 5.016,6.54 5, 016, 654 100.0 11,107,703 4, 716, 751 42. 6 6.391,012 57.5 115,664,871 45, 187, 403 39 1 70, 477, 468 60.9 644,191,924 307,290,279 47.7 336,901,645 62.3 17 276.1 67,295,421 38.0 i 109.981,471 I 62.0 .52,589,810 31,366,371 69.6 21,233,439 40.4 9, 689, 446 9,689,446 100.0 2,695,889 988.615 36.7 1,707.274 63.3 107, 663. 500 34,950,436 32.5 72,713,065 67.5 4,638.248 4,638,248 100.0 43.291,662 7,700,750 17.8 .35,590,912 82.2 14,.395,li.54 14,395,664 100.0 26,004,011 7,700,750 29.0 IX. 303. 201 70.4 2,, 891,997 2,891,997 100.0 423.623,370 232,294,108 54.8 191,329,262 45,2 96,952,621 45,063,988 46.5 51 , 888, 633 53 5 44,023, .'.IN 22, l.-,0, Ols .511. 3 21,,Mi6.9,30 49.7 282. 647. 201 105,073, .502 68.4 117, ,573, 69ft 41.6 10,li,S4,799 1900 $25, 384, 636 5, 617, 756 22 1 19, 766, 880 77.9 1,591,953 1,591,963 100. 2, 462, 438 843, 644 34 3 1,618,794 66.7 63, 665, 616 32.281.590 50.7 31,374,026 49.3 372, 126, 952 202,573,203 54.4 169,652,749 46.6 102, 736, 493 61,603,325 59 9 41,233,168 40.1 38,224,916 23,602,935 61.6 14,721,980 38.6 2,130,112 2,130,112 100.0 2,047,883 871,531 42.6 1,176,352 67.4 68, 172, 865 37, 128, 869 63.8 21,044,006 36.2 2, 160, 718 2,160.718 100.0 23, 987, 820 4,212,972 17.6 19,774.,S.18 82.4 9,517,573 9,617,573 100.0 13,219,039 4,212,972 31.9 9,006,067 68.1 1,251,208 1,251,208 100.0 245,401,639 136,856,906 55 8 108,544,733 44.2 41.674,744 19,109,881 46.0 22.404,863 54.0 28,359.089 14,063,215 51.7 13,7n5,.s74 48.3 175,467,806 103,093,810 58 8 72,373,996 41.2 3,568,704 ■WAGE-EARNEES AND "WAGES. Average number. 1905 33, 089 5,296 16.0 27,793 84.0 2,257 2,267 100.0 3,199 1,053 32.9 2,146 67.1 49, 066 19, 752 40.3 29,314 59.7 216,867 107, 842 49.7 109,026 50.3 39, 143 16,671 42.6 22, 472 57.4 8,957 3,985 44.5 4,972 66.6 3,061 3,061 100.0 1,834 751 40.9 1,083 69.1 21,813 11,935 54.7 9,878 45.3 3.478 3,478 100.0 13, 647 3,859 28.3 9,788 71.7 4,793 4,793 100.0 8,052 3,859 47.9 4,193 52.1 802 802 100.0 104,077 1900 31,526 3,158 10.0 28. 367 90.0 1,087 1,087 100.0 1,294 461 36.6 833 64.4 38,604 17, 047 44.2 21,557 55.8 167,703 84, 343 50.3 83,360 49.7 36, 454 16.565 46.7 18,889 53.3 9,864 4,674 47.4 5,180 52.6 1,562 1,552 100.0 2,060 798 38.7 1,262 61.3 19, 498 11,093 66.9 8,406 43.1 2,490 2,490 100:0 9,043 87,312 53.2 76, 765 46.8 45, 199 15,266 33.8 29,933 66.2 18, 523 9,001 48.6 9,522 51.4 100, 355 63,045 62.8 37, 310 37.2 1,938 Rural Percent of total. 48 100.0 10,684,799 100.0 3, 568, 704 100.0 1,938 100.0 2,832 31.3 0,211 6,8.7 3,126 3,126 100.0 5,413 2,832 52.3 2,581 47.7 504 604 100.0 123, 206 64,946 62.7 58,260 47.3 31,523 10,767 34.2 20, 756 65.8 14,459 6,049 41.8 8,410 68.2 77,224 48,130 62.3 29,094 37.7 2,260 2,200 100.0 URBAN MANUFACTURES. CCXCIX DISTRICTS, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISI(_)XS. STATES, AND TERRITORIES: 1905 AXD 1900— Continued. WAGE-EAKNEES AND "WAGES— COn- tinuoil. 1 JtI.S( ELL.VN-EOUS EXPENSE.S. COST OF MATERIALS USED. VALUE OF I'RnnucT.s. 'A'ages. 1905 1900 1 !)((■> 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1 $14,543,635 ' 2.406.640 16.6 12,136,995 83.5 SIO, 184, 154 1,276,, 571; 12. 5 8,907,.57.'i .87.5 S.i,li4.s.:i43 S',17. 597 13.5 5, 750, 746 .56. 5 32.3.s2.:i59 402.423 16.9 1.979,936 83.1 821,799,346 5,502,253 25,2 16,297,093 74,8 $18, 288, 045 3,303,928 18.1 14,984,117 81.9 .$.53,864,394 10,605,512 19.7 43, 258, 882 80. 3 S39..S87,.57X 6.511,554 16.3 33,376,024 83.7 239 240 241 242 243 1,144,078 1,144,078 100.0 379. LSS 379. LS.S 100, 4.12., 539 4:i2. 539 100. ,S(i, 112 86,112 100.0 4,848,646 4,848,646 100.0 1,697.829 1,697.829 100. 7,909,451 7,909,451 100.0 2, 629, 067 2,629,067 100.0 244 245 246 l,li.j5,324 liOS. .5.5% 36.8 1,046.765 1 63.2 514,879 200,560 39.0 314,319 61,0 979.016 541,962 55. 4 437.0,54 44.6 170.9,58 51.US2 29.9 119,876 70.1 11,545,306 3,063,337 26.5 8,481,969 73.5 3,732,618 854, 138 22.9 2,878,480 77.1 16,549.656 4. .871. 392 29.4 11.678.264 70. i; 6,604,869 1,493,998 27.1 4,010,871 72.9 247 248 249 250 251 24,468.942 10.920.911 ! 44.6 13,548,031 55.4 16,911.681 8,545.984 50. 5 8.365.697 49.5 12.215.472 6.006,772 49.2 6.208.700 50.8 5.454.510 2,995,967 54.9 2.458,543 45.1 91,603,630 35,990,378 39.3 55.613,252 60.7 54,388,303 23,696,660 43.6 30,691,643 56.4 1.50,. 528, 389 63,341,348 42.1 87,187,041 57. 9 92,894,433 42, 274, 420 45.5 60,620,013 64.5 252 263 254 256 266 145.233.703 91, 490, .574 57,756,945 1 25.483.720 465,301,689 339,565,198 806, 228.. 548 556,636,017 257 73.179.54S 50.4 72,054,155 49.6 47.422,118 51.8 44,068,756 48.2 32, 910, .8.58 .57.0 1 24,846,087 43.0 15.821,561 62.1 9.662.1.59 37.9 240,015,569 51.6 225,286,120 48.4 174,391,838 51,4 165,173,360 48.6 417,666,621 51.8 388,561,927 48.2 289,631,309 52.0 267,003,708 48.0 258 259 260 261 29.226,163 22,311.246 12, ,532, 023 5, 2.52,. 5.52 111,649,687 95,626,076 184,. 557. 334 152,143,797 262 ! 13,462.758 1 46. 1 1 15, 763. 405 ' 53.9 11.204.972 5i1.2 11,106.274 4J.8 1 6,532,947 ,52. 1 5,999,076 47.9 3.043.975 .58.0 2, 2ns. 577 42.0 54, 793, 402 49.1 56, 856, 285 50.9 49,945.7,58 .52.2 45.6.S0.318 47.8 92,187,885 50.0 92,369,449 50.0 80,476,021 52.9 71,667,776 47.1 263 264 265 266 8.652,217 4. 496, 420 52.0 4. 155, 797 48.0 7, 376.. 822 3.,S8S..«.3 3, 487', 989 47.3 4,052,081 3,087,877 76.2 964, 204 23.8 1,585,7,58 792,885 60.0 792,873 50.0 40,930,060 28,090,887 68.6 12,839,173 31.4 30,068,101 18,834,332 62.6 11,233,769 37.4 66,415,452 45.316.127 68.2 21,099,325 , 31.8 52,744,997 32, 629, 120 61.9 20,115,877 38.1 267 268 269 270 271 1 2,059,391 2,059,391 100.0 818,239 818,239 100.0 1.111,699 1.111,699 100.0 142,421 142,421 100,0 4.068,523 4,068,523 100.0 1,438,868 1,438,868 100. 8,768,743 8,768,743 100.0 3,001,442 3,001,442 100.0 272 273 274 1,261.122 549; 746 43.6 711,376 66.4 1,209,123 540, 876 44.7 668. 247 .55.3 420, 597 1.52. S74 36.3 267.723 63. 7 155, 123 61, 459 39,6 93,664 60, 4 1,300,773 389,893 30.0 910,880 70,0 1,369,730 686,756 42.8 782,974 57.2 3,523,260 1,244,223 35.3 2,279,037 64.7 3, 268, 555 1,332,288 40.8 1,936,267 59.2 275 276 277 278 279 15,100,365 S, 416. 592 55.7 6,683,773 1 44.3 11,707,566 6,775,263 57.9 4,932,303 42.1 6,519,100 3, 292, 196 50,5 3,226,904 49,5 3,230,169 2,189,631 67,8 1,040,538 32, 2 63,114,397 26, 312, 622 41,7 36,801,775 58.3 60, 750, 784 30, 524. 670 60.2 30,226,114 49.8 100, 143, 999 45, 627,. 535 45. 6 54.516.464 ,54.4 89,067,879 46,514,613 52.2 42,553,266 47.8 280 281 282 283 284 2,153.068 2.153,068 100.0 1,199,496 1, 199. 496 100.0 428,546 428,546 100, 139,081 139,081 100.0 2,235,934 2,235,934 100.0 1,998,593 1, 998, 693 100.0 5,765,880 5,705,880 100. 4,069,924 4.060,924 100,6 285 2.86 287 9,820,055 5, 402, 480 ' 2,858,927 1,199,714 41,162,660 19,979.076 70,106,930 39,681,640 288 289 290 291 292 2,462,045 25.1 7, 368, 010 74.9 1,. 532. 759 28 4 3,869.721 71.6 946.414 33. 1 1.912,513 66.9 392, .525 32 7 807.189 67.3 5,209,243 12.7 35.953,417 87.3 2.656,046 13 3 17.. 323, 030 86.7 10,541,040 15.0 59,564,890 85 6,521,140 13 9 34,160,600 86,1 3,969,248 3.969,248 1 100. 2, 287.. 3.52 2.287.3.52 100.0 1,208,320 1,208,320 j 100. 409. 468 409. 468 100.0 14,595,057 1 14,595,057 100. 7, 876, ,542 7, 876, .542 100.0 28,083.192 28,083,192 100 20,438,987 ' 293 20,438,987 294 100 295 5.157,400 2,462,045 47.7 2,695,365 52.3 2, 762.. 522 1,532.7.59 .55. 5 1,229.763 44 5 1,465.707 946,414 64.6 519,2i):i 35.4 741,471 392, .525 52 9 .348.946 47. 1 24.9.39,827 5,209,243 20.9 19,730,584 79.1 11.440.2.50 2. 656. 046 8,784?204 76 8 38,926.464 10,541,040 27.1 28. 385, 424 72, 9 17,981,648 296 5,521,140 297 30, 7 298 12,460,508 299 69. 3 300 693, 407 693, 407 100.0 352,606 352, 606 100.0 184,900 184,900 100 48.775 48,775 100 1,627,776 1,627,776 100.0 662,284 662, 284 100 3,096,274 3,096,274 100.0 1,261,005 301 1,261,005 302 100. 303 106, 187, 485 63, 777, 148 42,365,995 19,031,454 12, :!.S5, 061 65 1 6.646.393 34.9 312,489.342 223,960,046 551,665.284 364,809,580 304 306 306 307 308 57,254,745 63.9 48,932,740 46.1 34, 684, .3.87 54,4 29, 092, 761 45.6 25,431,497 60.0 16,934,498 40.0 180,012,924 57.6 132, 476, 418 42.4 121,790,0.34 54 4 102,170,012 45 6 314,937,698 .57.1 236,627.588 42 9 203,634,148 55,8 161,175,432 44,2 30,087,287 10,234,563 34.0 19,852,724 66.0 17,065,140 5,932,940 34 8 11,132,200 65.2 11.034,750 4,6,50,451 42 1 6,384,299 57.9 3,927,918 1,875,842 47.8 2.0.52,076 ,52 2 66,166,165 37,474,170 56.6 28,691,995 43,4 38,276,944 19,411,996 ,50.7 18,864,948 49 3 128, .821, 667 61.820.374 48 67.001.293 52 70,831,345 ' 309 32,973,483 310 46 6 1 311 37,857,862 ! 312 63, 4 313 11,443,512 5,853,514 51.2 6,689,998 48.8 6,822,011 3,011,336 44.1 3,810,675 55.9 4,185,595 2, 102, 439 50.2 2,083,156 49.8 1,979,287 1,003,039 50.7 976,248 49.3 30,596,763 18, 954. 202 61.9 11, 642,. 561 38.1 20,788,833 11,577,048 55 7 9,211,7.85 44 3 65, ,525. 123 31,743.949 23. 781 '.174 42 8 36,592,714 ' 314 19,084,406 : 316 52 2 316 17,508,308 , 317 47. 8 318 64,656,686 41, 166, 668 63.7 23,490,018 36.3 39,889,997 25,740,111 64.6 14,149,886 35,5 27,145,650 18, 678. 607 68.8 8.467,043 31.2 13.124,249 9,506,180 72.4 3,618,069 27,6 215,726.414 123,. 584. .552 57. 3 92, 141.. 862 42.7 164, 894, 269 90,800.990 55 1 74.093.279 44 9 367.218.494 221.373.373 60 3 145,845,121 39.7 2.57, 385. ,521 i 319 151,576,259 320 68 9 321 105,809,262 322 41,1 323 1,095,579 1,374,680 1,861,716 158,054 3,741,946 1,762,583 8, 244. .524 4, 194, 421 324 325 326 1,095,579 , 100.0 1,374.680 100,0 1,851,716 100.0 158, 064 100.0 3,741,946 100.0 1,762, .583 100. 8, 244, 524 100 4, 19«, 421 100 OHAPTEE XIY. EXPORTS AND IMPORTS. ^ For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1905, the total foreign commerce of the United States, exclusive of imports and exports of silver and gold coin and bullion, was valued at $2,636,074,737, a new high mark in the history of the country for a fiscal year and an absolute increase of $391,650,471, or 17.5 per cent, over the total for the fiscal year of 1900. Since 1880 the foreign commerce of the United States has increased in value 75 per cent, a rate of increase unequaled by any of the other great commercial countries during the same quarter of a century. Notwithstanding this enormous increase, however, the value of the foreign commerce of both the United Kingdom and the German Empire exceeded that of the United States throughout the period. Analysis of this supremacy of the United Kingdom and the German Empire in commerce shows that it results more from their necessities as great manufac- turing nations than from their preeminence as • pro- ducers of merchandise. The United Kingdom is com- pelled to import immense quantities of foodstuffs for the sustenance of the millions dependent upon the factories and workshops of the country, and, in addi- tion, must buy from other lands the raw materials necessary for the great textile industries of England. Thus it is not surprising that the value of the imports into the United Kingdom for 1904 was greater than the value of the total foreign commerce of the United States for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1905, and that imports of food, drink, and tobacco alone reached a total value greater than that of all the imports enter- ing the United States for the same period. Similarly, though not to so great an extent, Germany is depend- ent upon foreign countries for foodstuffs and for raw materials for several of the industries now flourishing in the Empire. In marked contrast to these two nations is the United States, whose resources, both agricultural and mineral, are amply sufficient to sup- ply the majority of the great staples required by the home market and to furnish in addition a large surplus for export. It follows that for both the United King- dom and the German Empire the imports far exceed the exports, whereas for the United States the reverse is true. In 1904 the value of this excess of imports for the United Kingdom was $1,218,219,000 and for the German Empire $271,674,000., whereas the value of the excess of exports credited to the United States for the year ending June 30, 1905, was $374,232,000. Domestic exports. — Statistics of exports of domestic products indicate the importance of the great com- mercial nations as producers of merchandise for the markets of the world. Table coxliii shows the ex- ports of this nature for the four leading commercial countries from 1900 to 1904. Table CCXLIII.— EXPORTS OF DOMESTIC MERCHANDISE FOR THE FOUR LEADING COMMERCIAL COUNTRIES: 1900 TO 1904.1 United States United Kingdom. German Empire. . France 1901 $1,425,711,000 1,463,410,000 1,242,987,000 869,036,000 1903 tl, 457, 647,000 1,416,179,000 1,193,483,000 820, 685, 000 1902 $1,333,268,000 1,379,283,000 1,113,313,000 820,671,000 1901 SI, 438, 079, 000 1,362,729,000 1,054,685,000 774,498,000 1900 SI, 453,010, 000 1,417,086,000 1,097,509,000 792,679,000 ^ Bureau of Statistics, Department of Commerce and Labor, Montlily Summary of Commerce and Finance, November, 1900, page 1090. Throughout the period covered by the table, which is for calendar years, the United States and the United Kingdom were the leaders in exports of domestic products. For three out of the five years the United States was supreme in this field of commerce. The German Empire, however, showed the greatest and most consistent increases for the five years, the exports of domestic products rising in value from $1,097,509,000 in 1900 to $1,242,987,000 in 1904. ' This chapter was prepared by Francis ( '. Wilson, of the division of manufactures. (rcc) Under the new grouping of exports and imports recently adopted by the Bureau of Statistics of the Department of Commerce and Labor a distinction is made between manufactured merchandise and raw materials practically identical with that of the Census Bureau, and the growing preponderance of the former group of exports is revealed clearly. Table coxliv shows the six great groups into which the exports of domestic products are now classified, so arranged that the aggregate values of manufactured and of unmanu- factured exports may be compared for the years from 1896 to 1905. EXPORTS AND IMPORTS. Table CCXLIV.— EXPORTS OF DOMESTIC MERCHANDISE BY GREAT GROUPS: 1896 TO 1905.' CCCl Aggregate valae. EXPORTS UNMANUFACTtTKED. EXPORTS MANUFACTURED. YEAR. Total. Foodstuffs in crude con- dition and food animals. Crude mate- rials Jor use in manufac- turing. Miscellane- ous — animals not for food, plants, trees, etc. Total. Foodstuffs partly or wholly pre- pared. Manufac- tures for fur- ther use in manufactur- ing. Manufac- Value. Per cent oJ aggre- gate. Value. Per c(-nt of aggre- gate. tures ready for con- sumption. 1906 $1,491,744,641 1,435,179,017 1,392,231,302 1,355,481,861 1,460,462,806 1,370,763,571 1,203,931,122 1,210,291,913 1,032,007,603 863,200,487 $597,254,387 603,023,344 601,088,674 572,785,660 658,079,436 567,790,834 518,789,543 600,884,165 486,712,308 386,778,028 40.0 42.0 43.2 42.3 46 1 41.4 43.1 49.6 47, 1 44.7 $118,185,098 135,747,224 186,308,064 184,786,389 246,394,140 227,347,193 232,903,066 305,108,615 181,420,814 128,550,669 1 $472,665,309 461,716,328 408,679,699 373,595,243 397,767,463 326,589,000 277,723,374 280,311,334 296,834,858 261,817,571 36,403,980 5,559,792 7,100,911 14,404,028 13,917,833 14,864,641 8,163,103 9,463,916 7,466,636 5,409,788 $894,490, 264 832,165,673 791,142,628 782,696,201 802,383,370 802,972,737 685,141,679 609,407,748 546,296,296 477,422,459 60.0 58.0 56.8 57.7 64.9 68.6 66.9 50.4 52.9 65.3 ,$283,064,680 308,8.36,694 .323,244,251 328, 8,31,. 350 336,605,378 318,126,502 304,754,736 284,879,827 235,051,930 219,413,574 $209,361,644 174,574,1.36 140,415,620 131,918,311 148,013,625 152,890,591 117,730,260 101,990,663 98,284,243 76,219,728 $402,064 030 1904 348,745,843 1903 .327,482,767 1902 .321, 946, .540 1901 317,764,367 liXX) 331,955,644 1SH9 . . 262,656,583 1898 222, 637, .358 1897 212,959,122 1896 181,789,157 1 Bureau of Statistics, Department of Commerce and Labor, Annual Review of Foreign Commerce, year ending June 30, 1906, page 42. In 1905 exports of domestic merchandise were valued at $1,491,744,641, of which the value of articles partly or wholly manufactiired comprised 60 per cent. In 1896 this proportion was 55.3 per cent, but fell to 50.4 in 1898, owing to immense exportations of grain, which carried the exports of unmanufactured merchandise to a point previously unequaled. After 1S9S, however, the proportion of unmanufactured exports diminished in importance until in 1905 it reached the lowest point in the history of the export trade of the countrj'. The table shows that this decrease in relative importance did not result from any falling off in the value of unmanufactured mer- chandise exported, which, indeed, increased consid- erably during the ten years, but was due to the more rapid increase in exports of manufactured goods. The percentages of increase given in Table ccxlv illustrate this fact more graphically than does Table CCXLIV. Table CCXLV. — Per cent of increase in value of domestic exports, by groups: 1896 to 1905. Aggregate Exports unmanufactured. Foodstuffs in crude condition and food animals Crude materials for use in manufacturing .Miscellaneous — animals not for food, plants, trees, etc . Exports manufactured. Foodstuffs partly or wholly prepared Manufactures for further use in manufacturing . Manufactures ready for consumption Per cent of in- crease. 72.8 18.1 87.7 18.4 29.0 174.7 121.2 1 Decrease. The table shows that the aggregate value of exports of domestic merchandise increased 72.8 per cent during the ten years, but the value of exports of unmanu- factured merchandise increased only 54.8 per cent, against an increase of 87.4 per cent in the value of manufactured exports. Under unmanufactured exports "foodstuffs in crude condition and food animals," which includes chiefly grains and live animals, decreased 8.1 per cent, while "crude materials for use in manufactures," principally cotton, coal, tobacco, and crude mineral oil, increased 87.7 per cent. Under manufactured exports "foodstuffs partly or wholly prepared," composed chiefly of meats and dairy prod- ucts, flour, oil cake, cottonseed oil, and dried and preserved fruits and vegetables, increased only 29 per cent, but ' 'manufactures for further use in manufac- turing," made up largely of copper in pigs, bars, and ingots, iron and steel partly manufactured, leather, lumber, and naval stores, increased 174.7 per cent, and ' 'manufactures ready for consumption," which is composed chiefly of iron and steel manufactures in finished form, refined mineral oil, manufactures of cotton, agricultural implements, cars, carriages, boots and shoes, and manufactures of wood, increased 121.2 per cent. The increases in the two latter groups, therefore, were by far the leading features of our export trade during the past decade. Relation of exports of domestic manufactures to domes- tic production. — Previous to the recent changes in the grouping of exports and imports already referred to, it was difficult to estimate with any accuracy what pro- portion the value of exports of domestic manufactures formed of the value of the total production of manu- factures during a census year. This condition was due in large part to the fact that the Treasury Department, and later the Bureau of Statistics of the Department of Commerce and Labor, classed as products of agricul- ture and the forests large quantities of domestic exports which were considered as true products of manufactures by the Bureau of the Census. While this obstacle has been removed by the new grouping of exports and imports, others yet remain which seriously impair the value of such a comparison. These diffi- culties result from unavoidable differences in the re- spective methods by which Census statistics and statistics of exports are obtained. Prior to the census of 1905 the statistics of manufac- tures collected by the Bureau of the Census included the value of the output of the mechanical trades and neighborhood industries. Since the products of these branches of industry either do not conform individually to a single standard or are not produced to supply a CCCll MAXUFACTURES. general demand, but are consumed or utilized only in the inimediate neighborhood in which they are pro- duced, they can not be said to have the essential char- acteristics of true manufactures, which are in the main production for general consumption and the standardi- zation of processes and products. Neither the mechan- ical trades nor the neighborhood mdustries, from the Tery nature of their functions in the industrial world, can ever contribute to the exports of manufactures. Therefore Census figures anterior to 1905, including values of a class not properly assignable to manufac- tures, are not strictly comparable with statistics of exports of domestic manufactures. It is probable that from 10 to 15 per cent of the value of the manufactured output of the United States, as reported by censuses prior to 1905, was made up of products of the mechan- ical trades and the neighborhood industries. Furthermore, the duplications which have inflated the gross value of products at every census constitute additional reasons against the use of comparisons of Census figures and statistics of exports. The cause of these duplications of value is explained at' length in Chapter VI, and the impossibility of correctly eradi- cating them indicated. A brief restatement of their nature is essential here to give a clear understanding of their effect on comparisons of Census and export values. During the census year the values of large quantities of manufactured articles are reported as the finished products of many factories which are consumed in the same year as materials for other establishments. The reports of the value of the output of the latter neces- sarily include the value of the partially manufactured articles constituting them, which is thus included twice and often several times in the gross value of products for the census year. Obviously this source of mflation does not exist in export values, for while the value of exported manufactures necessarily includes the cost of all materials which constitute them, yet the value of these materials can enter into export figures from this source only, and hence occurs but once. Accordmgly in attempting to compare the statistics it must be remembered that Census values are consideral)h^ infiated by duplications which do not exist in export values. In Table ccxlvi are presented the value of products of manufactures according to C^ensus figures and the value of exports of domestic manufactures for each cen- sus year for the last quarter (jf a centurj', together with the percentages of increase shown by each during the intercensal periods. The table also shows the ratio of the value of domestic exports of manufactures to the value of the domestic production for the census years. For the reasons stated m the foregoing paragraphs these percentages should not be accepted as indicating the actual proportion of the annual production which was exported. They are presented because they fur- nish the only moans of measurina; the variations in the ratio between the two values. The figures for 1880, 1890, and 1900 have been revised so as to exclude, as far as the returns of each census permit, the values for the mechanical trades and the neighbor- hood industries. Table CCXLVI. — Value of products of domestic manufactures, accord- ing to Census reports, and of domestic manufactures exported: 1880 to 1905. YEAR. Value of prod- ucts (Census). Value of ex- ports of do- mestic manu- factures.! Per cent of domestic production exported. 1905 $14,802,147,087 29.7 211,411,121,122 37.8 2 8,282,180,175 62.9 2 5,084,943,000 8894,490,254 11.4 802,972,737 98 9 403,738,622 28.1 315,171,021 6.0 1900 7.0 1S90 .... 4.9 1880 fi.'^ 1 Bureau of Statistics, Department of Commerce and Labor, Annual Review of Foreign Commerce, year ending June 30, 1906, page 42. 2 Revised so as to exclude the mechanical trades and neighborhood industries, which, however, could not be eliminated entirely for 1880 and 1890. Both the A'alue of the products according to Census figures and the value of exports of manufactures nearly tripled during the quarter of a century considered by the table. There were, however, considerable varia- tions in the rate of increase from (iecade to decade. The most remarkable variation between the growth of exports and of the domestic production of manufac- tures occurred between 1890 and 1900, when the former increased 98.9 per cent and the latter only 37.8 per cent. In considering the column in which is presented the per cent of the total value of products of domestic manufactures that were exported it must be remem- bered that Census values were inflated to about the same degree, approximately, in each year, so that if the source of the inflation could be removed and the true per cent obtained, the variations in the percentages from census to census would not differ materially from those presented in the table. The percentages, then, indicate that from decade to decade the proportion of the value of the total production of manufactures which were exported was subject only to slight changes. In fact, the proportion at the end of the quarter of a century was apparently about the same as at the commencement. While it is impossible to determine the actual extent of the inflation of values in Census figures, it is certain, as already pointed out in Chapter VI, that it does not, equal the cost of the partially manufactured mate- rials which enter into the products. However, by eliminating the cost of these materials from the total value of the products there will result a sum which, though too small, will more nearly represent the actual value of the production of manufactures during a cen- sus year tJian the gross value which is presented in the table. The value of the partially manufactured ma- terials was not segregated previous to 1900, and thus the calculation can not be made for either 1880 or 1890. EXPORTS AND IMPORTS. CCClll For 1905 the value remaining after deducting the cost of the partially manufactured materials and mill sup- plies was $9,821,205,387, and the proportion which the value of exports of domestic manufactures formed of this value was 9.1 per cent. But the per cent is too great, because, by the elimination of the cost of all the partially manufactured materials, a sum considerably greater than the actual duplication contained in the gross total was deducted. Thus in 1905 the actual proportion of the total A^alue of the output of manufac- tures which was exported must have been between 6.2 and 9.1 per cent. The reports on foreign commerce of the Bureau of Statistics show the leading exports of manufactured goods. Table ccxlvii presents the A^alue of these man- ufactures for the past five years. Table CCXLVII.— VALUE OF PRODUCTS OF DOMESTIC RLINUFACTURE EXPORTED; 1900 TO 1905. Total exports of iiii^nufactures. Percent of total exports... Agricultural implements: Mowers and reapers, and parts of . . . Plows and cultivators, and parts of. All otlier, and parts of Aluminum, and manufactures of Art works; Paintings and statuary Asbestos, and manufactures of Asphaltum, and manufactures of Babbitt metal Beeswax. Billiard balls : Blacking: Stove polish All other Books, maps, engravings, etchings, and other printed matter. Brass, and manufactures of Breadstuff s: Bread and biscuit Com meal Oatmeal .' Rye flour Wheat flour Preparations of, for table food All other, for animal feed — Bran, middlings, and mill feed Dried grains and malt sprouts All other Bricks: B uilding - - Fire. Brooms and brushes . Candles Carbon. Cars, carriages, other vehicles, and parts of: Automobiles, and parts of Cars, passenger and freight, and parts of— For steam railwa5-s For other railways Cycles, and parts of Wheelbarrows, push carts, and hand trucks. All other carriages, and parts of Celluloid, and manufactures of Cement . Chalk, crayons, etc. Charcoal. Chewing gum Chemicals, drugs, dyes, and medicine: Acids . Ashes, pot and pearl Baking powder.*. Coppar, sulphate of Dyes and dyestuffs Lime, acetate of Medicines, patent or proprietary Washing powders or mixtures, etc . . All other Cider. Clocks and watches: Clocks, and parts of Watches, and parts of. Coal and coke: Coke Coal tar. Cocoa, ground or prepared, and chocolate. Coffee, roasted or prepared Coins, United States: Copper Nickel Copper manufactures: Ingots, bars, plates, and old All other manufactures . . : Copper residue Cork, manufactures of Cotton manufactures: Cloths- Colored Uncolored Wearing apparel Waste, cotton mill SS94, 490, 254 60.0 Yam. All other..'. Curios, antiques, etc Dental goods Earthen, stone, and china ware: Earthen and stone ware China ware Egg yolks 10, .550, 891 2,892,060 7,2(i9,7S0 175, 859 410, 593 234, 653 291,120 67,215 24, 966 1,467 64,134 635, 232 4, 844, 160 3,026,764 645, 909 1,113,296 1, 423, 742 19, 618 40, 176, 136 2, 064, 790 722,682 1,485,071 846, 999 210, 887 431, 614 327,083 701,357 41,863 2,481,243 1,934,352 1,219,656 1,378,428 276,117 3,320,641 294, 979 1, 484, 795 69, 089 23, 479 14,923 326,020 30, 166 437,837 790,024 475, 334 1,245,776 4,911,006 310, 602 5,924,736 01,204 1,192,246 1,124,168 2,228,442 60, 252 279, 819 82, 451 (1) (') 81,795,226 4,430,065 24,820 47, 626 7, 326, 408 33,996,134 3,477,652 1,040,356 310,237 3,517,293 3,525 777,619 796, 491 84, 336 917 S832, 156, 673 68.0 11,668,062 3,537,810 7, 643, 763 183,197 . 409, 694 183, 962 160, 186 42, 373 16, 546 050 70, 394 627,003 4,347,304 2, 657. 4,S4 635, 133 1,691,669 463, 062 11, 302 68, 894, 836 2, 172, 571 366,213 1,062,336 602. 521 112,200 387,227 275. 522 510, 183 38,359 1,896,605 2, 607, 592 763, 144 1,965,026 350, 460 3, 364, 801 246, 601 630, 216 47,616 22, 646 10, 865 246,813 66, 800 326, 231 1,133,686 517,878 1, 103, 389 3,897,793 349, 869 5,730,235 103, 314 1,186,279 1,094,916 2,223,233 19,284 250,084 64, 516 37 11,408 54, 870, 072 2,272,009 41,344 39, 681 5,439,277 9,256,922 2,700,420 1,585,765 172,286 3,249,043 2,682 520, 678 614, 130 78, 704 28,294 i9o;j S791, 142,628 66.8 10, 326, 641 3, 169, 961 7, 510, 020 133,266 612, 658 133, 427 104, 586 44, 635 21,337 4,228 198, 162 611. 136 4,442,653 2,000,432 689, 636 1,382,127 1,839,106 12, 818 73,766,404 2,667,409 945,063 1,320,065 661, 131 26, 310 403, 698 283, 994 514, 753 44, 494 1,207,065 2,687,303 916,273 2,132,629 0) 3, 556, 925 249, 488 419, 361 37,238 6,118 27,242 219, 568 60,376 397,965 736. 137 619, 645 987, 067 3, 407, 696 362, 637 6, 800, 480 84, 084 1,091,724 1,041,806 1,912,459 15,531 213, 476 41 2,660 ,354,061 ,313,136 42,386 33, 844 8,443,148 16, 909, 436 2,600,136 1,294,064 0) 2, 969, 520 1,698 401,761 »7,S2, 6116,201 67.8 519,169 , 63,900 48,108 1 8, 818, 370 2,791,092 4,677,278 118,268 250,069 132, 342 89, 664 36, 760 36, 541 .2,067 236,762 462,670 3,997,977 1.930,810 604, 136 1,046,643 1,617,298 8,403 65,661,974 2, 206, 018 962,595 1,157,636 629,797 51,360 449, 161 261,729 286,531 62,313 948, 528 3,017,637 788,816 2,627,672 (') 2, 490, 063 189,974 661,526 26,313 4,929 9,062 236, 458 62, 529 363, 836 1,242,914 531,225 962,265 3,137,890 299,821 5, 305, 074 21,869 1,146,381 998, 109 1,720,457 41,062 166,245 71,152 200 1,635 39,190,619 2,027,764 0) 46, 044 7,359,288 18,501,908 2,090,592 Ii97,653 ■ (') 3,4.58,921 S,036 362,000 549, 571 51,227 14,700 S802, 383, 370 619 9, 943, 680 1,888,373 4,481,381 221,249 344, 287 135,268 97,861 102, 909 39, 464 1,607 321,237 478, 668 3, 472, 343 2,007,460 606, 811 2,065,432 2,308,649 10, 860 69, 469, 296 2,832,930 1, 383, 246 992,836 684, 838 91,640 564,968 264,047 236, 547 16,540 (') 4, 196, 019 1,419,930 2,616,804 (') 2,790,178 211,781 438,915 20,064 4,164 11, 080 198, 323 56, 072 292,081 2,324,738 394,278 1,101,037 3,440,177 0) 6, 505, 925 61, 132 1,296,222 1,044,529 1, 433, 497 (') 333, 036 0) 396 5,478 41,260,376 2,006,645 (•) 36, 717 6, 554, 226 7,581,812 1,6.54.636 1,203,260 3,278,595 1,469 252, 418 460, 220 52,693 1,610 8802,972,737 58.6 11,243,763 2,178,098 2,677,288 244-, 091 263, 443 93, 600 121,751 76, 146 91,913 1,108 418, 374 462,224 2, 943, 435 1,866,727 938, 513 2, 148, 410 1,547,900 14, 757 67, 760, 886 2, 362, 715 2,638,719 C) 1, 470, 448 116,128 400,363 232, 968 191,687 13,210 C) 2, 658, 323 984, 354 3, 563, 149 0) 2,809,784 174, 310 163, 162 27, 469 1,698 8,725 147, 233 49, 566 (') 2,120,745 498, 905 776, 413 2, 999, 153 (') 6, 540, 358 64, 283 1,190,074 787,620 1,233,921 0) 231, 609 01 2,040 21,193 56,772,166 2,080,794 (>) 29,264 4,839,491 13,2''9,443 1,602,608 610, 120 (■) 3,721,425 2,664 247, 462 519, 489 57,213 883 -PT 1—07- 1 Not reported separately. ccciv MANUFACTURES. Table CCXLVII.— VALUE OF PBODUCTS OF DOMESTIC MANUFACTURE EXPORTED: 1900 TO 1905— Continued. I 1905 1904 1903 1902 1901 1900 Emery, and manufactures of: Emery Manufactures of — Cloth Paper Wheels Fertilizers: All other Fibers, vegetable and textile grasses, manufactures of: Cordage Twine All other Fish: Dried, smoked, or cured — Cod, haddock, hake, and pollock Herring All other ^ Pickled— Maeknvl All other Salmon — Canned All other, fresh or cured Canned fish, other than salmon and shellfish. Caviare All other fish and fish products Fly paper Fruits : Apples, dried . . . Apricots, dried. Prunes Raisins Preserved — Canned All other... Furniture of metal. Furs and fur skins . Ginger ale . Glass and glassware: Window glass All other Glucose or grape sugar. Glue. Gold beaters' skins Gunpowder and other explosives: Gunpowder All other explosives Hair, and manufactures of Household and personal effects India rubber, and manufactures of: India rubber, reclaimed India rubber, scrap and old Belting, hose, and packing Boots and shoes All other Ink: Printer's All other Instruments and apparatus for scientific purposes: Electrical appliances, including telegraph and telephone instruments . All other Iron and steel, and manufactures of: Pig iron Scrap and old, fit only for remanufacture Bar iron Bars or rods of steel — Wire rods : Ail other Billets, ingots, and blooms Hoop, band, and scroll Rails for railways- Iron Steel Sheets and plates — Iron Steel Tin plates, terne plates, and taggers tin Structural iron and steel Wire. Builders' hardware, saws, and tools- Locks, hinges, and other builders' hardware. Saws Tools, not elsewhere specified Car wheels Castings, not elsewhere specified Cutlery- Table All other Firearms Machinery, machines and parts of— Cash registers Electrical machinery Laundry machinery Metal working machinery Printing presses, and parts of Pumps and pumping machinery Sewing machines, and parts of Shoe machinery Steam engines, and parts of— Fire Locomotive Stationary Boilers and parts of engines Typewriting machines, and parts of Woodworking machinery All other 24 S42, 446 16,200 1,612 287,343 734, 612 321,884 920, 127 1,698,090 826, 708 214, 056 53, 986 11,688 17,014 77,361 1,036,469 ,832,665 112,510 31,313 74,219 72, 891 !, 208, 414 606, 777 !, 455, 056 372, 087 i, 541,025 71.868 214,967 ),599,222 1,297 65, 869 !, 186, 930 i, 206, 794 279,534 600 149, 4lli; !, 410, 371 778, 471 1,146,969 622, S02 204,945 994, 100 1,214,342 !, 672, 375 276, 330 162,556 1,962,972 1,210,008 828, 123 270, 224 1,180,901 692,732 1,470,869 1,615.586 127, 193 3,036 1,288.346 316, 449 788,571 880,810 622,320 264,918 402, 036 556,8li!l 487,92:'. 177,638 330, 228 90,060 347, 328 ,399,120 .036,107 ,290,932 618, 800 1.3.32,665 , 470, 156 :. 116,088 1,104,279 ,273,016 16,866 ;, 617.610 991,8.52 l,2S0,3(i2 745, 285 613. .■>7X rw.niir. S26, 476 12,348 1,264 288, 387 596, 116 301,413 926,278 4, 396, 364 790, 681 167, 103 44, 336 10, 296 7,848 41,784 6,224,698 1, 163, 489 115, 283 16, 462 70, 039 96, 341 2,791,421 608, 611 3, 410, 497 281, 402 2,637,002 115, 490 147, 466 5,422,945 1,633 71,498 1.906.983 2,949.645 2,58.611 136, 383 2,305,213 724,514 2, 616, 076 178, 335 634, 500 880,010 1,086,364 2,469,750 2.38,. 31 4 1.36,021 4,861,204 3, 436, 519 605,976 248,093 936, 145 603, 298 1,014,934 3,582,126 145,715 30,005 4,263,376 313, 474 839,922 306, 9:50 1,943,281 5,821,921 6, 166, 170 663, 469 6,006,502 159,706 1, 544, 850 107, 826 339,812 l,520,.3'l(l 1,836,233 5,645,809 653, 912 3,716,709 1,396,746 2,703,:W7 5,623,423 l,071,fl'!0 12,627 5,261,422 1,069,401 2,169,763 4,537,125 738, 609 19,894,135 S19, 975 9,664 1,389 216, 346 380, 077 387,840 935, 687 3,331,101 636, 420 148, 667 33, 632 23,020 7,360 74, 346 4, 350, 791 869, 352 105, 228 39,278 77,776 38, 579 2, 378, 635 713,887 3, 512, 607 284, 630 1,739,571 66, 757 124, 866 11.181,115 1,911 69,519 2,091,180 2, 460, 022 253, 768 1,140 151,668 2,302,862 616,133 2,652,787 93,265 404, 586 819,985 1,056,491 2,299,876 220,544 138, 103 4.206.617 2.923.891 362,068 9li. 107 721,284 1.0.59.130 802. 173 68,064 78.745 3.154 710, 886 191,332 734, 151 66,010 1,963,797 5, 172, 140 7.461,594 413,679 4, 189, 651 166,601 1,916,091 69,848 263, 662 1,002,410 1,475,199 5, 779. 459 512.108 2.,S2l..lll 1,050.773 2,715,553 6, 105, ,8,52 719,797 19.660 3,219.778 725. 294 2.486,226 3.96i;,741 (M 20,:«7,065 $32, 427 7,789 2,316 183,230 367, 440 416, 462 713, 439 2,965,377 489,941 270, 440 57,287 15,707 15, 634 83, 602 3, 991, 402 694, 435 166, 053 41,851 120, 302 65, 337 1,190,593 178, 143 1, 404, 422 149,216 1, 195, 635 94, 323 224,285 5,030,204 1,963 51,952 1,908,154 2,319,286 284, 413 1,000 224, 779 1,837,602 633, 337 2,670,369 206,977 362,721 634, 146 1,046,315 1,781,941 189,903 119,098 3,631,759 1,767,717 ,898,118 216,272 778,708 406, 446 816, 737 78,355 85, 568 23, 472 4,613,624 290, 139 593, 177 99,792 3,202,020 5,278,454 6,938,156 319, 464 3, 586, 482 156, 388 1,472,264 46,062 211,966 937,081 1,144,062 5,379,746 536,716 2,977,290 808,943 2,169,999 4,022,697 966,, 582 $18, 310 7,626 1,367 163, 774 377, 667 469, 892 832, 376 2,591,412 409, 197 345, 697 84,239 24, 422 16,858 99, 766 4,230,271 426, 738 200, 626 118, 486 37, 021 (■) 1, 610, 681 (') 689, 113 218,715 3,006,109 71, 697 271,289 4, 404, 448 3,420 56, 2.86 2,071,023 3,113,898 254, 447 1,000 193, 345 1,618,767 674, 881 2,880,765 229,366 412,728 666, 726 724,016 1,727,527 171,758 119,467 (') 7,361,231 3, 764, 583 544, 394 884,094 336, 680 2,651,089 3,158,239 167,942 32, 567 10, 841, 189 498,964 1,752,873 66,650 3,367,023 4, 104, 563 6,669,903 327, 859 3,306,751 203, 396 1, 136, 453 33, 647 200, 640 968, 324 873, 121 6,812,715 479,274 4,054,313 1,005,929 2,187,246 4,095,663 953, 898 $14, 957 6,443 580 148,329 841,857 397, 740 927, 805 2, 646, 482 469, 808 404, 212 82, 407 56,684 14,352 99,627 2, 693, 648 535, 276 133,244 100, 786 24, 044 0) 2,247,851 1,646,332 139, 689 3,127,278 63,448 289,795 4,503,968 4,930 36, 218 1,899,901 3,600,139 226, 844 750 197,438 1,694,166 676, 688 2,506,699 263, 853 492,284 541, 830 420, 746 1,406,212 145, 321 114, 465 6, 436, 766 3,124,753 749, 496 378, 120 513,866 1, 444, 522 441.604 70, 186 138, 304 9,218,144 549,975 1,249,576 19,062 2,836,588 5,982,400 5,915,929 267,923 3,466,072 166,829 1,676,174 91,083 205,712 1,403,915 813,096 4,340,992 441,562 7,193,390 1,219,774 3,112,525 4,541,774 1,163,266 28,956 23,370 14,915 3,267,894 4.039,006 5,592,403 709,975 901,888 673, 197 1,791,062 1,696,385 1,767,856 3, 302, 191 2,827,329 2,697,544 20,505,421 0) C) 20,864,352 21,913,202 1 Not rpportPd sppHnitcly. EXPORTS AND IMPORTS. Table CCXLVII.— VALUE OF PRODUt^TS OF DOMESTIC MANUFACTURE EXPORTED: CCCV 1900 TO 1905— Continued. Iron and steel, and manufactures of — Continued. Nails and spikes- Cut Wire ; All other, including tacks Pipes and fittings _ Sales Scales and balances Stoves, ranges, and parts of All other manufactures of iron and st rd Ivory, manufactures of, and scrap Jewelers' ashes and sweepings Jewelry and other manufactures of gold and silver: Jewelry All other manufactures of gold and silver Lamps, chandeliers, and all other de\'ices for illuminating purposes . Lead, and manufactures of: Pigs, bars, and old Type All other manufactures of Leather, and manufactures of: Sole leather Upper leather- Kid glazed Patent or enameled Splits, buff, grain, and all other upper All other leather Manufactures of — Boots and shoes Harness and saddles AU other Lime Malt. Marble and stone manufactures : Roofing slate Another Matches Metal polish Mica. Mucilage Musical instruments: Organs Pianofortes Pianolas and other piano players. All other, and parts of Naval stores: Rosin Tar. Turpentine and pitch Turpentine, spirits of Nickel, and manufactures of: Nickel oxide and matte Manufactures of Notions, not elsewhere specified . Oakum. Oilcake and oil-cake meal: Com Cottonseed Flaxseed or linseed Oilcloths: For floors All other Oils: Animal — Fish Lard Whale ".... All other Mineral, refined or manufactured — Naphthas, including all lighter products of distillation Illuminating Lubricating and heavy paraffin Residuum, including tar and all other, from which tihe light bodies have been distilled Vegetable — Corn Cottonseed Linseed ' Volatile or essential- Peppermint All other All other vegetable Paints, pigments, and colors: Carbon black, gas black, and lampblack Zinc, oxide of All other Paper, and manufactures of: Paper hangings Playing cards Printing paper Writing paper and envelopes All other Parafiin and paraffin wax Paste. Pencils, lead and slate Pens and penholders Perfumery and cosmetics Photographic goods Plaster, builders' Plaster of Paris Plated ware - Platinum, and manufactures of, and scrap. I!M).-> 1904 .5404, 400 $445,033 1,7!B,230 1,517,876 397,974 309,054 ,s, 148,187 6,310,551 'Jll(;,305 222,842 i;74,771 652,303 S.55,223 881,603 11,183,892 9, 4:55, 0.56 54, 646 60,836 48,850 86,349 1,033,808 964,659 385, 417 400,995 1,579,125 1,502,888 2,508 4,384 167. 585 128,471 497, nil 405, 165 9, 444, 873 6,978,497 1,576,204 1,512,179 166,320 170,940 15,057,791 15,049.602 1,813,154 1,140,364 8,057,697 7,238,940 502,660 560, 346 1, 318, 046 1,329,747 64,970 52,984 342, 851 315,676 424,777 726,715 630, 443 645,286 52,834 68,003 37,091 37,688 2,611 1,118 11, 417 12, 527 898,878 1,095,415 513,725 404, 454 842,817 889,951 889,367 841, 162 7,069,084 6,621,870 60,520 44, 944 74,938 32,253 8,902,101 9,446,155 3,196,622 940,568 97,083 54,205 71,003 50,360 32,871 34,020 278, 526 169,921 13,897,178 9,134,088 7,600,907 7,765,169 52,643 45,571 217,286 185,726 266, 461 213,257 154,409 244, 499 11,026 10,197 217,596 273, 481 2,575,851 1,802,207 56,169,606 57,902,503 13,142,860 12,048,842 1,545,470 733,994 890,937 998,613 15,125,802 10,717,280 125,354 147,721 135,060 124,728 215,860 440, 588 139,219 189,451 501,736 329,013 605,526 672,436 2,019,055 1,755,1.32 304,338 243,417 225,032 210,518 3,059,444 2,572,447 975,099 887, 181 3,674,175 3,630,165 7,789,160 8,859,964 11,396 6,313 289, 489 261,671 130, 654 62, 595 490,297 480,567 153,929 127.501 116,997 70/19/ 16,810 15, 2SI1 703,783 693, ns 10,516 12,097 19()S 1902 1901 1900 $347,007 $318,539 $575,285 $647,711 1,245,946 947,272 982, 313 2,124,628 290,862 258.665 257,700 278,709 5,431,459 6,153,080 5, 139, 895 7,024,888 184,706 156.860 112,068 149,637 11.50.250 517.758 .532.640 536, 040 961,562 811.836 548, 716 535,385 9,048,9il2 12,740,284 15, 459. 491 15,322,922 08,816 33.6114 18, 496 22, 824 174, 158 239. ill 19 225,815 230,803 939, 7il7 1,069,056 1,017,881 892, 327 353,224 2119,291 211,791 261,311 1,133,290 963,638 1,021,435 978,874 15,527 282, 405 285, 158 14,081 137,875 191,099 137,803 125,271 299,300 224, 840 248,718 191,705 6,920,467 6,569,857 6,677,732 6,433,303 1,995,200 1,755,599 1,561,352 1,909,914 122,782 151,930 82,868 101,708 13, 493, 499 12,817,017 11,841,610 11,913,2.56 982,251 1,055,731 1,257,084 1,438,976 6,665,017 6,182,098 5,526,290 4,276,656 373,677 378,775 289,089 505, 467 1,064,496 887,316 787,628 713,730 32,694 42,674 34, 562 85,854 252,801 266,894 250,099 215, 198 628,612 945,352 898,262 950,543 641,753 644,071 646, 332 606,229 56,330 57,742 88,739 95,422 32,274 (>l . ('J « 4,615 3,867 508 3,406 12,563 15,855 8,907 8.275 1,137,713 1,186,745 1,098,521 993,309 419,029 421,614 335,219 365, 665 C) (') 0) (') 1,824,767 2,085,784 1,347,056 609,805 4,817,205 4, 202, 104 4,742,457 3,796,367 50,802 56,864 77,669 77,082 36,379 44,366 45,796 45,823 8,014,322 7, 431, 248 7,715,029 8,554,922 864,221 1,190,606 1,510,508 1,219,812 97,787 12,623 16, 428 447 186,653 485,086 613,895 602,948 26,740 28,134 23,158 30,474 95,568 164, 066 131,774 48,783 12,732,497 12,271,009 13,119,968 11,229,188 7,011,214 7,508,133 5,471,930 5,628,331 56,902 67,300 70,269 46,005 164,515 121,991 102, 366 96,912 377, 551 358,533 293,004 184,403 306,334 327,794 438,646 337,260 13,174 22, 835 28, 376 24,766 159,505 201,535 258, 406 172,568 1,225,661 1,677,738 1,565,608 2,016,802 47,078,931 53,390,346 61,477,267 56,979,666 12,052,927. 10,274,743 10,006,937 9,744,367 666, 115 875,178 1,376,047 506, 863 1, 467, 493 1,769,370 1,831,980 1,351,867 14,211,244 12,992,393 16,541,321 14,127,638 98,116 68,617 66, 653 54,148 34,943 64, 898 63, 672 90,298 252, 770 202,983 169,004 166, 424 169,796 220, 372 363,056 554, 781 299, 587 284, 412 305,663 214,569 446,786 433, 486 412,719 474,296 1,604,664 1,378,481 1,317,961 1,213,612 256,243 301,339 124.983 145,992 (') 0) (') (') 2,613,117 2,920,616 3,489,589 2,521,320 901,700 ■744,029 532,769 463,248 3,408,954 3,346,046 3,291,560 3.086.273 9,411,294 8,858,844 6,857,288 8.602,723 5,631 2,251 sii:; 1,733 186, 363 .329,877 511,659 463,315 66,317 93,426 95, 456 119. 104 390, 502 3.55,219 380,994 359.827 758. 320 2,109,533 1,998,445 1.386,122 .50. 427 63,713 62,180 43.182 21 . 459 0) Ci (n 602.708 595,626 517,208 509, 776 15, 786 8,721 3,079 61,088 iNot reported separately. cccvi MANUFACTURES. Table ( HXLVII.— VALUE OF PRODUtT.S OF DOMESTIC MANUFACTURE EXPORTED: 1900 TO 1905— Continued. Provisions, comprising meat and dairy products; Meat products- Beef products — Beef, canned Beef, fresh Beef, salted or pickled Beef, other cured Tallow Hog products— • Bacon Hams Pork, canned Pork, fresh Pork, salted or pickled Lard Lard compounds, and substitutes for (cottolene, lardine, etc.) . Mutton Oleo and oleomargarine- ■ Oleo, the oil Oleomargarine, imitation butter Poultry and game Sausage and sausage meats Sausage casing* All other meat products- Canned All other Dairy products — Butter Cheese Milk Quicksilver Quills, crude and prepared Rags and other paper stock Rice, bran, meal, and polish Roofing felt and paper Root beer - Salt. Shoe findings Silk: Manufactures of Waste Soap: Toilet and fancy All other Spermaceti and spermaceti wax. Spices. Spirits, wines, and malt liquors: Malt liquors — In bottles In other coverings Spirits, distilled — Alcohol- Wood All other, including pure, neutral, or cologne spirits. Brandy Rum Whisky- Bourbon Rye All other Wine- In bottles In other coverings Sponges. Starch . Stereotype and electrotype plates Straw and palm leaf, manufactures of. Sugar, molasses, and confectionery: Molasses Sirup- Sugar— Brown Refined Candy and confectionery. Teeth, artificial Theatrical effects, etc. - : Tin: Scrap - Manufactures of Tobacco manufactures: Cigars Cigarettes Plug All other Toys Tripoli. Trunks, valises, and traveling bags Varnish Vegetables: Canned All other, including pickles and sauces. . Vessels, sold abroad— steamers and sailing. Vinegar. 36,588,968 22, 138, 365 3,096,304 14,057 3,022,173 26, 428, 961 21,662,204 993,394 1,291,794 9,412,034 47,243,181 3,613,2.35 62, 503 11, 485, 146 711,038 897,425 671,241 2,646,868 1,97' 2, 26; ,693 ,359 Vulcanized fiber. .. Wax, shoemakers' White metal 1, 648, 281 1,084,044 2,156,616 6.53, 337 1,618 147,863 266, 891 207, 818 358 190, 376 10,921 620, 572 9,806 888,838 1,781,393 28, 124 32, 372 932, 372 80, 436 603, 3&5 223, 664 18,217 1, 175, 837 246,115 207,606 97, 328 28, 242 355, 215 18, 390 1,430, .572 41,838 502, 132 691,879 2,076,200 969 745, 639 717,020 7,604 274, 183 29, 702 721,900 59, 653 2,934,376 1,830,308 865, 860 606, 638 44, 193 231,728 791,678 580, 048 929, 742 786, 180 17, 158 37,075 (') 3 1904 $5,882,888 26,841,586 3,260,476 20,642 3,801,302 24,446.752 22,293,867 963, 321 1,669,818 9, 527, 388 46,347,520 3,581,813 40,618 12,873,658 606, 874 1,009,304 602. 628 2,3.53.167 2,254,2.35 2,002,813 1, 768, 184 2, 452, 239 1,367,794 834, 764 23, 164 110,948 200, 263 183, 403 455 99,066 912 466,619 30,814 721,770 1,778,157 39,964 28, 521 769, 432 84, 687 686, 3.59 112,291 44,119 994,959 264,693 217,661 67, 854 33, 136 403, .557 36, 646 1,340,282 26,957 471,392 692,288 1,846,663 3,427 528^ 616 661,911 7,913 60, 152 30,853 731, .5.53 36, 545 2,320,112 1,700,028 986,034 308,067 32,990 174,372 726, 585 719, 580 786,076 210,048 19, 192 23,047 .87,916,928 25,013,323 3,814,671 102,184 1,623,852 22, 178, 525 25,712,633 1,369,687 2,035,491 9,959,762 50, 854, 504 3, 607, 542 632, 476 11,981,888 798, 273 1,079,066 585,088 1,964,624 1,831,940 2,101,785 1,604,327 2,260,229 921,026 762,201 3,976 89,710 122, .589 104, 280 834 70, 296 57, 406 412, 416 19,968 573, 5S8 1, 879, 189 44,915 36, 787 l,n82,H.S2 93,7.58 452, 892 23, 510 19,213 1,458,393 203, 137 223,480 02, 368 24, 624 290, 562 60,306 832,943 37,419 492,260 1,714,899 3,546 3.58, 637 535,412 4, 715 41,666 6,611 656,096 46,962 2,281,531 1,683,162 1,182,161 281,591 16,039 188, 876 667, 476 597, 759 745, 697 196, 164 18,072 9,331 5, 961 .56, 646, 130 29,045,056 3,031,027 72,836 1,924,577 36,449,797 25,222,744 8.32,910 3, 652, 464 10,117,662 52,376,864 2,687,653 37, 067 12,254,969 601,. 521 I 856,801 I 726,437 I 1,795,044 1,801,385 3,624,764 I 2,885,609 2,745,597 1,473,564 t 425,728 6,168 73, 186 I 228,010 89,643 1,014 83,264 177,644 301,768 9, 7.59 459,092 1,171,846 91,899 23, 471 1,199,293 90, 769 338, 619 220, 453 30, 174 1,425,920 638,061 276,717 82,950 42,980 407, 345 39,279 656,705 37,780 368, 559 416, 470 2,048,561 14,089 292,715 465, 494 3,492 53,986 5i; ,790 ,169 34, 632 2, 104, 893 2,794,060 735, 268 282, 817 13, 401 139,761 607, 685 560, 612 667, 761 172.019 19, 754 8,143 (i,2K5 S5, 307, 601 31,851,361 3,146,219 . 72,677 3,848,661 37,499,026 22,842,778 708,381 2, 424, 537 9,926,633 46, 660, 148 1,449,878 46, 643 11,846,373 484, 601 1,070,190 923,974 2,778,854 1,556,671 3,212,009 4,014,905 3,960,999 1,437,818 400,298 8,281 103,739 143,922 (0 2,018 67,316 134,566 244,678 9,138 662,614 1,006,666 64,778 ' 20, 204 1,643,617 79,508 476, .582 ' 97,633 28, 176 1, 468, 110 687,969 251,583 44,670 43,013 461,660 29,554 2,005,866 45,999 412,068 291,063 2,236,014 6,056 437,523 543,833 i 3,736 136,422 1 49,914 516,343 53,174 1,877,256 2, 416, 176 745,999 280, 546 4,750 116,881 611, 469 ,628,914 544, 764 112,900 13,231 28,357 0, 648 331 1900 $5,233,982 29,643,830 2, 697, 340 197,051 4,398,204 38,975,915 20, 416, 367 658, 402 1,926,772 8, 243, 797 41,939,164 1, 476, 064 64,313 10,503,866 416,644 463,905 0) 2,307,571 1,724,064 3,941,394 3, 143, 509 4,943,609 1,139,402 656, 142 11,106 122, 270 167,023 (') 4,661 55,833 107, 739 262,608 63,851 494, 406 1,279,618 67, 125 19, 131 1,945,059 194, 157 320,306 69,277 83,698 764. 860 121, 241 24,9;l 49,927 675,665 32, 199 2,604,362 48, 877 402. 861 434, 585 1,682, ■102 11,262 1,004,135 566,487 86 55, 690 44.716 387.381 74, 623 2,290,876 2, 624, 870 1,019,772 216, 512 8,107 119, 777 620, 104 603, 288 496, 542 202,948 12,583 34, 135 13, 539 296 ' Not reported separately. EXPORTS AND IMPORTS. cccvii Table CCXLVIL— VALUE OF PRODUCTS OF DOMESTIC MANUFACTURE EXPORTED: 1900 TO 1905— Continued. Wood, and manufactures of: Timber and unmanufactured wood- Sawed Hewn Lumber — Boards, deals, and planks Joists and scantling Shingles Sbooks— Box Other Staves Heading All other Manufactures of — Doors, sash, and blinds Furniture, not elsewhere specified Hogsheads and barrels, empty Trimmings, moldings, and other house finishings. Woodenware. Wood pulp All other Wool manufactures: Carpets Dress goods Flannels and blankets Wearing apparel All other _ Yeast . Zinc manufactures: Dross Pigs, bars, plates, and sheets. Another All other articles, manufactured, , 1»05 , 294, 168 913,654 ,483,214 704, 305 69, 251 825, 145 ,278,972 :,613 635 148, 042 i, 068, 116 853,350 ,439,944 188, 906 616,331 782, 138 473, 585 ., 209, 286 64,641 15,572 81,556 ,624,472 248, 813 21,215 895, 133 ,153,356 166, 263 239, 887 1901 $8,472,355 881,557 28,603,355 875, 062 82,377 869, 802 795, 595 4,032,344 170, 874 3, 190, 687 1,433,037 4,555,411 215,532 561,504 981,888 693,474 4,640,266 60, 921 7,829 106,044 1, 457, 748 366, 396 18,772 645,311 *85,966 72, 745 147, 180 1908 %7, 462, 111 787, 082 20,965,328 647,920 8C., 245 779, m 829, 248 4,740,680 134,383 3,732,782 1,727,387 4,454,309 176,020 565, 213 886,080 445,228 4,818,014 57,979 6,442 48,141 1, 290, 853 318,713 24, 675 674,202 186, 192 99, 481 187,293 1902 $5,225,003 1,030,687 16,978,322 472, 384 86, 799 700,035 798, 884 3, 830, 432 123, 376 3,572,328 920, 688 4,125,963 127,603 492,907 768, 578 740, 103 4,451,858 86, 771 7,074 88,374 862, 179 478,069 8,439 369, 811 328, 164 101,309 307,064 1901 .?li,376 802 20, 100, 242 672, 704 89, 588 690, 271 882, 438 3,757,048 137,961 4,422,384 990, 098 3,951,498 117, 442 436, 325 777, 040 1,051,867 3,774,773 106, 166 8,239 123,054 805,717 500,567 0,809 164, 140 870, 229 95,211 678,308 1900 S5, 763, 390 785, 305 17,731,696 550, 495 169, 667 587,047 728, 753 4,:«7,418 78, 146 3, 613, 190 1,132,510 4,191,036 167, 865 428,185 981 938 458, 463 3,872,851 115,052 24,381 140,403 570,389 460,077 8,086 224, 210 1,584,702 84,513 337, 365 In 1900 wheat flour ranked first in value of exports, illuminating oil second, and copper ingots, bars, plates, and old copper third. During the intercensal period, however, the value of exports of illuminating oil underwent only a slight increase, and there was a considerable falling off in the value of exports of wheat flour, while exports of copper ingots, bars, and plates increased at such a rate as to place them for the year 1905, with respect to value, considerably in the lead of any of the manufactured products itemized in the table. The falling off in exports of manufactured bread- stuffs is very marked. Since 1900, with the unim- portant exception of rye flour, every item composing this group suffered a loss. The value of exports of wheat flour decreased $27,584,750, or 40.7 per cent, the greatest absolute decrease for any item shown in the table. Exports of manufactures of cotton generally showed a very material growth during the five years. Un- colored cloth was particularly noticeable in this respect, increasing from $13,229,443 to $33,995,134. None of the products in this group underwent any decrease in value with the exception of those included in "all other," which suffered very slightly for the period shown. In the iron and steel group, exclusive of the cruder products, such as pig iron, bar iron, etc., there were large increases in the value of exports in several cases, and where decreases are shown they are for the most part slight. Increases in the value of exports of cash registers, typewriting machines, and electrical ma- chinery were particularly notable, the value of ex- ports of the first named more than doubling and that of the last two classes nearly doubling. The most marked falling off in the value of exports of any one class of machinery appears in metal working ma- chinery, which decreased from $7,193,390 to $4,332,665. Exports of locomotives have been irregular, amounting in value to $5,592,403 in 1900 and falling to $3,219,778 in 1903, increasing again in 1904 to $5,261,422, and in 1905 decreasing nearly to the figures for 1903. Exports of leather, particularly upper leathers, have increased during the period shown by the table. Of the manufactures of leather, exports of boots and shoes, which have nearly doubled in the five years, show the greatest increase. Exports of oils of all kinds form an important por- tion of the export trade of the United States. Of the mineral oils, illuminating is the most important from the standpoint of domestic exports, but there has been only a slight increase since 1900 in the exports of this commodity. Of the vegetable oils, cottonseed is by far the most important, but in the value of the exports of this oil also there has been but a slight in- crease since 1900. In the group "wood, and manufactures of," lumber, such as boards, deals, and planks, figures most largely in the export trade, increasing in value from $17,731,696 in 1900 to $24,483,214 in 1905. Of the products of industries of comparatively recent growth, exports of automobiles are of consider- able interest. In 1900 and 1901 such exports were not of sufficient importance to warrant segregation in the reports of the Bureau of Statistics, but in the re- ports for the year 1902 exports of " automobiles, and parts of" appeared to the value of $948,528; in two years this value had nearly doubled, and by 1905 it had reached $2,481,243. CCCVlll MANUFACTURES. Rank of the United States as an exporter of domestic manufactures. — While the leading position of the United States as an exporter of domestic merchandise at the present day is due in a large part to the de- velopment of domestic manufactures, yet if the rank- ing depended upon products of manufactures alone, the United Kingdom would have an incontestable claim to first place and the German Empire would have an equally certain hold on second place. It is probable that in 1904 the value of exports of domestic manufactures from the United Kingdom amounted to at least 85 per cent of the value of exports of all kinds of domestic products, or about a billion and a quarter of dollars, while for the German Empire it would appear that at least 75 per cent — about nine hundred and thirty-two millions of dollars — of the total value of domestic exports were products of Ger- man mills and factor ",.=. Thus, notwithstanding that the position as the dading manufacturing nation has been conceded to -iie United States for several years, as an exporter of domestic manufactures the country can not claim a higher rank than third. This has resulted logically from a home market whose rapidly expanding demands have in the past proved sufficient to absorb the products of domestic \ industry. Naturally the American manufacturer, in full possession of a domestic market far greater than that possessed by the manufacturer of the United Kingdom or of any of the continental countries, has been apathetic in his attitude toward foreign trade. This attitude, however, is rapidly changing. Manu- facturers are beginning to realize that if the output of manufactures increases in the future in anywhere near the same ratio as in the past, the home market, not- withstanding its tremendous demands, will be out- grown, and therefore efforts must be made to secure a larger share of the trade of the world at large. Never has the competition between the great indus- trial nations for the trade of the people of less favored nations been waged more fiercely than at the present time. Germany and England are reaching forward with the knowledge that much of their futxu'e prosper- ity and greatness depends upon their success in this direction. In this friendly commercial struggle the United States has resources, both agricultural and mineral, unequaled by eitlier England or Germany. Moreover, the ingenuity of American inventors and the enterprise of domestic manufacturers have united to produce many articles possessing utility and construct- ive perfection far in advance of similar products of industry in other countries. Thus a demand for cer- tain American manufactures has sprung up in many quarters of the globe, which originally resulted not so much from the energy of the manufacturers in seeking foreign markets as from the intrinsic value and supe- rior usefulness of the American product. Particularly has this been true in the case of agricultural implements, typewriting machines, sewing machines, locomotives, cash registers, electrical machinery, all kinds of build- ers' hardware, saAvs and tools, and metal working, wood working, and shoe machinery, etc. Unlimited natm-al resources with a high degree of ingenuity, resourceful- ness, and energy available for their best development and application to the uses of manufactures, if com- bined with adequate methods for entering and holding foreign markets, should soon give the United States a share in supplying the world's consumption of manu- factured goods which will be more justlj' propor- tioned to its position as the greatest manufacturing nation than is at present the case. Imports. — The reports on foreign commerce of the Bureau of Statistics of the Department of Commerce and Labor distinguish between general imports and imports entered for consumption. General imports include all goods imported, whether for immediate consumption or for warehouse, while imports entered for consumption embrace merchandise entered for immediate consumption or withdrawn from ware- house for consumption. In 1905 the value of general imports was $1,117,513,071 and of imports for con- sumption, $1,087,118,133. These values were the highest ever attained during a fiscal year and repre- sent an increase over the total for 1896 of 43.3 per cent in the case of general imports, as also for imports for consumption, against ah increase of 72.8 per cent in domestic exports for the same period. The value of imports does not represent the cost to the first purchaser in the United States of the goods imported. The value of merchandise imported is the wholesale value of the goods and packages ready for shipment, as declared by the importer at the port of shipment, and it does not, therefore, include duties, freight charges, commissions for handling, etc. In 1905 the amount of $258,426,294 was collected as duty, representing an average ad valorem rate of 23.77 per cen. on free and dutiable imports. Therefore the value as declared at the port of origin, $1,087,118,133, plus the duty, $258,426,294, a total of $1,345,544,427, rep- resents more nearly than import values the actual cost to the consumer of the articles imported for con- sumption in 1905. The progressive changes which have taken place in the nature of the merchandise imported during the past ten years show the effect of the recent great expansion of manufactures. During this period the rapid in- crease in imports of raw materials for use in manufac- tures stands in nuirked contrast to the moderate increase in imports of manufactures, particularly those ready for final consumption. Table ccxlviii indicates the extent of these changes in imports from 1896 to 1905. EXPORTS AND IMPORTS. Table (CXLVIIL— VALUE OF GENER.VL IMPORTS: 1896 TO 1905.i CCCIX .Vggregute value. IMPORTS UNM.(.NUF.\rTURED. IMPORTS MANUFACTURED. YEAR. Total. Foodstuffs in crude con- dition and food animals. Crude mate- rials for use in manufac- turing. Miscellane- ous- -animals not for food, plants, trees, etc. Total. Foodstuffs partly or wholly pre- pared. Manufac- tures forfur- ther use in manufactur- ing. Value. Per cent of aggre- gate. Value. Per cent of aggre- gate. tures ready for con- sumption. 1905 81,117,513,071 991,087,371 1.025.719,237 903,320,948 823, 172. 165 849,941.184 697, 14S, 489 616,049.654 764,730.412 779.724.074 $541,950,622 459,772.940 456.590,583 42S.893.580 304.649,007 379.665,424 312.229,810 297,645,017 329,151,137 333,208,275 48.5 46.4 44.4 47.5 44.3 44.7 44.8 48.3 43.0 42.7 8146,130,903 132,223,896 119,202,674 120,280,302 110.385.208 97,916,293 98,933,256 103,984,608 128,379,785 130,002,310 83,S9, 160, 668 320,794,431 330,491,084 303,001,868 248,006,751 276,241,152 208,665,691 189, 322, 244 196,169,371 197,646,862 $6,665,061 6,764,020 5,896,825 5,611,410 6,167,048 5,407,979 4,730,863 4,338,165 4,611,981 5,569,113 S575, 556, 449 531,314,426 570, 128, 664 474,427,368 458,623,158 470,375,760 384,918,679 318,404,637 435,679,275 446,516,399 51.5 53. 55.6 52.5 65.7 65.3 55.2 51.7 67.0 67.3 8145,355,839 118,222,862 116,620,623 95,360,256 126,640,654 133, 027, 374 123,448,136 86,091,010 129,244,951 118,805,703 $177,827,960 160,233,890 195,750,847 147, 656, 292 127, 576, 924 134,222,046 91,953,914 79,288,417 88,490,406 101,070,937 $262,372,650 252,857,673 257,767,184 231,420,820 205,505,680 203,126,341 169,516,630 153,025,210 217,843,918 226, 639, 759 1904 1903 1902 1901 1900 1899 1S9.S 1897 ... 1896 1 Bureau of Statistics, Department of Commerce and Labor, Annual Review of Foreign Commerce, year ending June 30, 1906, page 42. In 1905 the value of unmanufactured imports com- prised 48. 5 per cent of the aggregate value of general imports, while ten years previous this proportion was 42.7 per cent. The increasingly important position of importations of crude materials is due to the remark- able increase in the group "crude materials for use in manufactm-ing" and the relatively slow growth of the group "manufactures ready for consumption." In 1905 the value of crude materials imported for use in manufactures exceeded the value of manxifactures imported ready for consumption by $136,788,008, while in 1896 the latter group of imports exceeded the former by §28,992,907. In this connection the per- centages of increase shown in Table ccxlix are sig- nificant. Table Ci 'XLIX. — Per cent of increase m value of general imports, by [iroups: 1896 to 1905. Aggregate Imports unmanufactured Foodstuffs in crude condition and food animals Crude materials for use in manufacturing Miscellaneous — animals not for food, plants, trees, etc Imports manufactured Foodstuffs partly or wholly prepared Manufactures for further use in manufacturing Manufactures ready for consumption Per cent of increase. 43.3 62.6 12.4 96.9 19.9 28.9 22.3 75.9 11.4 Unmanufactured imports increased 62.6 per cent against an increase of only 28. 9 per cent for manufac- tured imports. For the six groups the greatest in- crease was made by "crude materials for use in manu- facturing" and the second group in this particular was " manuf actui'es for further use in manufacturing." The least progress for the ten years was made by the group "manufactures ready for consumption," which increased only 11.4 per cent. Thus the greatest in- creases were recorded for the two groups which owe their existence to domestic manufactures. Under unmanufactured imports the group "crude materials for use in manufacturing" does not include all raw materials imported for manufacturing. In 1905 at least 66 per cent of the group "foodstuffs in crude condition and food animals " was made up of raw materials, such as green coffee, crude cocoa, etc., which were for the most part subjected to one or more manu- facturing processes before they were offered for con- sumption. Thus in 1905 approximately 90 per cent of the value of unmanufactured imports was imported as materials for manufacturing. Therefore the in- crease during the decade in the value of unmanufac- tured imports is directly attributable to the develop- ment in manufacturing during the same period. The expansion of home industries, then, has resulted in a great increase in the consumption of imported raw materials, and it is natural that because of this growth the demands of the home market for manufactures have been more nearly satisfied in every line by the manufacturers of the country than ever before. Apart from the effect of the tariff, which of course acts as a continual check upon imports of manufactures, it is certain that our home industries are becoming more and more able to compete successfully with foreign goods, and as a result are steadily supplanting them in the home market. Thus the same cause which gave an impetus to the increase in unmanufactured imports has had the effect of retarding the increase in manu- factured imports, particularly in the group of "manu- factures ready for consumption." A notable feature in the statistics of imports for the past ten years has been the remarkable increases in tropical and subtropical products imported raw for use in manufactures. Many such products are not indige- nous to the soil of the United States, and the manufac- turers are dependent upon imports for their supplies. Extraordinary increases in such products are largely responsible for the increase in the group "crude mate- rials for use in manufacturing ' ' shown in Table ccxlviii. Leading imports of raw materials of this description which showed exceptional increases from 1896 to 1905 are presented in Table ccl. cccx MANUFACTURES. Table ('< 'Ij. — Leading crude products , of tropical or subtropical growth imported for use in manufactures, with percentages of increase: 1905 and 1896. PEODUCT. 1905 1896 Per cent of increase. Silk, unmanufactured. 861,040,063 50,729,873 38,118,071 10,630,481 8,577,649 $26,763,428 16,781,633 12,870,694 (1,922,111 2,387,078 128.1 202.3 Fibers, unmanutactured flax, hemp, istie, jute, manila, and sisal 196.2 Gums — arable, camphor, copal, gambler, shellac, etc 63.6 Cocoa, or cacao, crude and leaves and shells ol 269 3 For three of the products in the table — raw silk, india rubber, and cocoa — which are not produced in the United States, the increases are fully explained by the fact that since 1890 the value of the products of the rubber and elastic industry has increased 336 per cent, the value of the products of the chocolate and cocoa industry 340 per cent, and the value of manu- facture of silk 152 per cent. The imports of fibers, chiefly tropical, increased $25,247,377, or 196.2 per cent, and since 1890 the manufactures of one of this group of fibers, jute, increased nearly eightfold. Summary. — In 1896 the value of exports and imports of manufactures was nearly the same, but ten years later the value of manufactures exported exceeded the value of those imported by $318,933,805. The most significant change of this kind took place in the value of manufactures exported and imported ready for con- sumption. In 1896 exports of the commodities in this group were valued at $181,789,157, or $44,850,602 less than the value of imports, but in 1905 this condition was reversed, and exports exceeded imports of manu- factures ready for consumption by $149,691,380. In 1905 exports of crude materials of all kinds were A^alued at $55,297,765 more than imports of the same class, but exports of manufactured merchandise ex- ceeded imports of manufactured goods by $318,933,805. Of the total excess of the value of domestic exports over general imports, therefore, about 90 per cent results from the exports of manufactured merchandise. Estimating that 90 per cent of the value of unmanu- factured imports and 46 per cent of the manufactured imports, including imports of sugar for refining pur- poses, were imported as materials for manufacturing in 1905, the aggregate value of imports for this purpose would amount to about $753,000,000, or in the neigh-, borhood of 67 per cent of the aggregate value of the general imports for the year. The value of exports of domestic manufactures for 1905 was $894,490,254, or 60 per cent of the total value of domestic exports of merchandise of all kinds. In the same year the aggre- gate value of all general imports and domestic exports was $2,609,257,712, and the aggregate of the values, as estimated above, of imports of materials of all kinds for manufactures and exports of domestic manufac- tures was approximately $1,647,490,000. Therefore about 63 per cent of the foreign commerce of the United States, exclusive of foreign exports, was due directly to the manufactures of the country. OHAPTEE XA". THE RANK OF THE UNITED STATES AS A MANUFACTURING NATION.' None of the great industrial nations has followed the example of the United States in attempting to measure at regular intervals the value of the manufactured prod- ucts of the country, so that it is difficult to furnish fig- ures that will indicate, by industiies, the relative posi-. tions of the competing nations. It is possible, however, to obtain information which, although not official, is sufficiently reliable to supply the deficiency to some extent. Estimates published by eminent statisticians and the figures appearing annualty in certain commer- cial papers are the principal sources of information. In respect to the value of manufactures produced annually the English statistician, ^Michael G. Mulhall, assigned the United States to fourth place in 1860 and conceded that it was first in 1894.^ A more recent authority, however, has expressed the belief that this lead was probably gained as early as 1885.^ According to the same authorities it is probable that the United Kingdom can claim second place, with Germany third, and France fourth. Germany has made greater rela- tive progress during the past twenty-five years than either England or France,* and now the products of German mills have supplanted English wares in many markets which Great Britain had previously monopo- ^ This chapter was prepared by Francis C. \\'ilson of the division of manufactures. 2 Michael G. Mulhall, Industry and Wealth of Nations: 1896. ' P. Leroy-Beaulieu, Les Etats-Laiis au XX Siecle, Chap. V, page 195; Paris, 1904. '' Ibid., and measured by the exports of the three countries during the past twenty years. lized.'' However, Germany has probably not ^et reached the United Kingdom in the value of indus- trial production. According to the English Board of Trade the ex- ports of manufactured goods of the United Kingdom constituted from 17 to 20 per cent of the total indus- trial output of 1902,'^ and upon this basis the value of manufactures of the United Kingdom for that year may be reckoned at about $4,588,630,000, or over three billion dollars less than the net value of tlie manufactured products, exclusive of hand trades, of the United States in 1900, according to the census of manufactures. These figures give some indication of the supremacy that the United States has obtained in the industrial world. Iron and steel. — The manufacture of iron and steel has long been considered as the most significant indi- cation of national progress and prosperity. The ore when reduced to pig iron becomes one of the most pow- erful instruments for industrial production that a country can possess. In no industry has the United States made more remarkable progress, and in none is the present ascendency of America more certain. The figures in Table ccli show the record of the principal producing countries during the past century. ^Special Consular Reports, vol. 33, 1904, page 149. The Basis of German Industrial Progress. Report of Chamberlain Tariff Com- mission, vol. 2, part 1, paragraph 153. "« Gilbert Slater, "The Free Trade View of Tariff Reform," in Hazell's Annual, page 2.30; 1904. Table C<'LI. -QUANTITY OF PIG IRON PRODUCED IN THE WORLD: 1903, 1895, 185C , AND 1800. 1 ■(JUNTRV. 1903 1895 1850 1800 Thousands of tons. Per cent of total. Thousands of tons. Per cent of total. Thousands of tons. Per cent of total. Thousands of tons. Per cent of total. Total ■-- -- 46, 381 100.0 29,300 100.0 4,422 100. 460 100. C ' 18,009 8,935 10,085 2,840 6,512 38.8 19.3 21. .S 6.1 14.0 9,450 8,020 5,790 2,010 4,030 32.2 27.3 , 19.8 1 7.0 1 13.7 560 2,260 402 670 12.7 .50.9 9.1 12.9 40 190 40 60 130 8.- 41.; 8.' 13. ( 640 14. 4 28.;; 'Data lor 1903 taken from Bulletin of .Vmerican Iron and Steel .Vssociation, Sept. 15, 1906. Remainder of data from MuUiall's Dictionary of Statistics (1899). It is impossible to present a more conclusive illustra- tion than that contained in the above table of the rapid progress made by the civilized world in the utilization of iron for machinery and other industrial purposes. During the first half of the nineteenth century the total production of pig iron increased from 460,000 tons to 4,422,000 tons, or nearly ninefold. The fact that Great Britain produced 41.3 per cent of the total pro- duction in 1800 and 50.9 per cent in 1850 is indicative of the lead England had taken in the manufacture and utilization of machinery. The relative increase, how- ever, was greater for the United States than for any of the competing nations, and the thirteenfold gain in the production of pig iron during a half century, which was essentially a formative period in the history of the Re- public, gave promise of still more phenomenal progress in the following fifty years. It has been estimated that in 1740, 26,000 tons of pig (cccxi) CCCXll MANUFACTURES. iron were produced in France, 20,000 in Great Britain, and 18,000 in Germany;^ but it is shown by the table that in 1800 the position of the leaders was reversed, while Germany and the United States were tied for third place. Fifty years later the United Kingdom had increased' its production to 50.9 per cent of the total, France barely holding second place with 12.9 per cent, the United States following closely with 12.7 per cent. The period from 1850 to 1900 witnessed great ad- vances in industrial progress in both Europe and Amer- ica. The rapid increase in the use of steampower and the application of machinery to practically every in- dustry made iron and steel essential to the industrial growth of the nations. Those countries which had great undeveloped resources have forged to the front, until now, aided by immense deposits of iron ore and coal, the United States and Germany lead the world in the production of iron and steel. In 1895 the United States produced 32.2 per cent of the total output of pig iron, while England produced only 27.3 per cent, and Germany 19.8 per cent; but in 1903 the United States produced 38.8 per cent, Ger- many 21.8 per cent, and Great Britain 19.3 per cent of the total output. The superiority of steel over iron for nearly all the purposes to which the latter is applied has led to suc- cessful inventions during the past fifty years for cheap- ening and improving the processes for converting pig iron into steel. The result has been an immense in- crease in the production of steel and a vast expansion of its field of usefulness the world over. Industrially, steel forms the essential basis of the mechanism upon which the highly developed industry of to-day depends. Thus the quantity of pig iron converted into steel is a good indication of the industrial progress of any nation. Table cclii shows, since 1885, the production of the principal countries in thousands of tons. Table CCLII. — Quantity of pig iron mid steel produced in the world: 1903, 1.S95, and 1885} [Thousands of tons.] COUNTEY. 1903 1895 ISS.-) Pig iron. Steel. Pig iron. Steel. Pig iron. Steel. Total 46, 381 35,885 29,300 14,600 19, 340 (;,210 United States Great Britain Germany France Other countries. . . 18,009 8,936 10,085 2,840 6,612 14,534 '5,134 8,801 1,885 5,531 9,450 8,020 5,790 2,010 4,030 6,110 3,880 2,160 810 1,640 4,040 7,420 3,690 1,630 2,560 1,710 1,920 1,140 530 910 > Data for 1903 taken from the Bulletin of American Iron and Steel Associa- tion, September 15, 1905. Remainder of data from Mulhall's Dictionary of Sta- tistics (1899). 2 Does not include direct steel castings. From 1885 to 1895 the total production of steel more than doubled, and from 1885 to 1903 it increased over fivefold. In 1885, 32.1 per cent of the total production 1 Brooks Adams, America's Economic Supremacy, page 3. of pig iron was converted into steel, and in 1903, 77.4 per cent ultimately became steel. In 1885 Great Brit- ain was first in the production of steel with 1,920,000 tons, or 31 per cent of the total production, but this represented a conversion of not quite 26 per cent of the pig iron produced by the nation ; the United States was second with 1,710,000 tons, or 27.6 per cent of the total output, and this represented the conversion of 42.3 per cent of the tonnage of pig iron for the nation; Germany came next in production with 1,140,000 tons, or 18.4 per cent of the total output of steel, and 30.9 per cent of the pig iron output of the nation. By 1895 a radical change had occurred in the posi- tion of the leaders, the United States contributing 41.8 per cent. Great Britain 26.6 per cent, and Germany about 14.8 per cent of the entire production of steel. In 1903 there were other significant changes. The United States produced 40.5 per cent of the output of steel, Germany 24.5 per cent, and England only 14.3 per cent. Germany, by converting 87 per cent of tlae pig iron production into steel, led in this regard, with the United States next with 80.7 per cent. In 1903, as compared with 1895, the relative increase in the pro- duction of steel was greater for Germany than for the United States. Textiles. — The greatest expansion of the textile industry has always accompanied industrial progress- iveness. It is natural, therefore, that Great Britain, the United States, Germany, and France should lead in the production of textile fabrics. Mechanism was first applied to the manufacture of textiles in England during the last half of the eighteenth century. The advantage of this early start, the development of the factory system, and the maritime supremacy of Great Britain combined to command the markets of the world for English textiles for some time after the open- ing of the nineteenth century. The United Kingdom is still the greatest producer of textiles; but in the case of many markets the English manufacturers do not have the undisputed control they possessed during the first half of the nineteenth century, for both the United States and Germany are active and often successful competitors. From the standpoint of the number of persons employed and the amount paid in wages, it is probable that the textile industry is of greater economic impor- tance than any other factory industry in the above countries. England is dependent largelv upon the cotton industry, the products of which" annually con- stitute about one-fourth of the value of the total exports leaving British ports, exclusive of bullion and coin, and France is dependent to a great extent upon the silk industry, the products of which fTom the stand- point of value have been for many years first on the list of the exports of the country. The following statement shows by countries the number of wage-earners employed in textile factories: RANK OF THE UNITED STATES. CCCXIU COUNTRY, Year. Number of wage- earners. United States > 1905 1901 1903 1903 862,732 1,029,353 802, 452 034, 378 Great Britain 2 Germany s France ■> "Bureau of the Census, Census of Manufaetures, 190.".. Those figures repro sent the greatest number employed. The a,verage number employed during the census year was 763,375. « Tenth Abstract of Labor Statistics for United Kingdom, 1904, page 21'1. s Statistical Yearbook of German Empire. 1905, page 38. ' Statistical Yearbook of France, 1904, page 126. It appears from the report of the factory inspectors of Great Britain tliat the textile industry supports about one-fourth of all the wage-earners employed in English factories.^ In no other country, with the pos- sible exception of France/ is there so large a proportion of factory emploj^ees dependent upon one industry. It is difficult to make close comparisons because of the difference in the laws governing the collection of such information in the several countries, but it is prob- able that in Germany " about one-fifth of the factory employees are employed in textile factories, and in the United States * about one-seventh. The table shows that Great Britain employed by far the greatest number of wage-earners in the manufac- ture of textiles; the United States and Gefrmany rank close together in this respect, notwithstanding the fact that the former comitry is conceded to lead the latter in textile production. This seeming inconsistency is explained by the different methods applied to produc- tion and the kind of goods produced in these countries. In the United States the concentration of wage-earners in factories is far greater than in either Germany or France: and such concentration makes possible the practice of economies which are not practicable when labor is scattered through many small factories. The following statement illustrates this characteristic differ- ence : COUNTRY. Year. Number of estab- hsh- ments. Number of wage- earners. Average number per es- tablish- ment. 1905 1903 1903 4,876 13,5.59 15,302 862, 732 802,452 634,378 177 59 42 1 Bureau of the Census, Census of Manufactures, 1905. 2 statistical Yearbook of German Empire, 1905, page 38. 3 statistical Yearbook of France, 1904, page 126. In textile production in general the productivity per wage-earner is greater in the United States than in Germany and France. This would result naturally from the fact that the ascendency of the United States is due largely to the cotton industry, in which, more than in any other branch of textiles, machinery has supplanted labor. In France the production of ' Tenth Abstract of Labor Statistics for United Kingdom, 1904, page 214. ' Statistical Yearbook of France, 1904, page 126. •■' Statistical Yearboolc of German Empire, 190.5, pages 38 and 39. ^ Bureau of the Census, Census of Manufactures, 1905. silk is still dependent to a great extent upon hand looms. The product of the hand looms of Lyon remain unequaled for fineness of texture and beauty of pattern. In America, on the other hand, high- speed pdwer looms weave all the silk dress goods pro- duced and highly developed machinery is applied to every branch of tlic silk industry. The manufacture of cotton goods is the most impor- tant branch of the textile industry. The number of spindles and the amount of cotton consumed are the standards by which the positions of the competing nations are judged. Table ccliii presents the statistics of cotton spin- dles and of the mill consumption of cotton by coun- tries, 1905-6. Table CCLIII. — World's cotton spindles and mill consumption, by countries: 1905-6.'- [■300-pound bales.] . Total United States; Cotton growing states All other states Europe: United Kingdom Germany Russia France Austria Italy Spain Switzerland Belgium Portugal All other Europe British India Japan China Brazil Mexico Canada Other countries Cotton spindles (numbei:). 120, 090, 595 1,994,868 i, 255, 228 1, 826, 144 1,730,209 000,000 702, 800 621,220 500,000 800,000 462, 762 122,000 350,000 115, 000 250,000 403, 740 619, 648 733, 890 628,096 776,000 200,000 Mill con- sumption (bales). 17, 879, 137 373, 677 535,802 865, 000 765, 000 000,000 920, 000 675,000 840,000 320,000 95,000 190,000 60,000 200,000 520,000 871, 546 194, 112 136,000 160,000 119,000 60,000 1 The statistics for the United States were collected by this Bureau. Those for other countries have been compiled from a number of authorities, among them being the International Federation of Master Cotton Spinners' and Manufac- turers' Associations, Manchester; the Financial and Commercial Chronicle, New York; Cotton Facts, Lyon & Co., Bombay; and Mitsui Bussan Kaisha, Osaka. The table discloses at a glance the commanding lead which Great Britain and the United States have ob- tained over all competitors. The 2.3,576,048 spindles which separate the two leaders indicate the preponder- ance of Great Britain in the industry. This fact is not altered by the differenc(^ in favor of the United States in the consumption of cotton. English manufac- turers have for many years devoted their attention to the production of the finer counts of yarn and lighter grades of goods, whereas in America, especially in the Southern states, coarser yarns and heavier cloths are the rule. The past fifteen years have witnessed a phenomenal growth in the cotton industry in the United States, which is indicated fairlj^ by the increase in the number of spindles. Although the industry has progressed in Great Britain, the increase has been very slow com- pared with that of the United States, as shown by the following statement: cccxiv MANUFACTURES. COUXTR'i". SPINDLES. j Per cent of increase. 1906 1890 125,250,096 348,826,144 214,384,180 ' « 40, 511, 934 75.5 Great Britain :.. 20.5 1 Bureau of the Census, Bulletin 63, Tables 11 and 15. 2 Bureau of the Census, Bulletin 63, Table 11. 3 Bureau of the Census, Bulletin 63, Table 15. < Tenth Abstract of Labor Statistics for United Kingdom (1902-1904), page. 212. Not only was the percentage of increase far greater during the decade and a half in the United States than in Great Britain, but the actual gain in spindles was about two and a half millions more. Next in importance to the cotton industry comes the woolen industry, but the data available for use in de- termining the position of the nations competing in the manufacture of woolen textiles is not so conclusive as in the former industry. For the sake of comparison it is customary to rank the countries according to the amount of wool retained for consumption. However, the wide difference between the value of wool used in the manufacture of carpets and of that used in making cloth goods causes a ranking based upon the weight of wool consumed to be open to well-founded objection. According to the special report on textiles prepared for the census of 1900, Great Britain ranked first in the quantity of wool retained for consumption, France sec- ond, and the United States, Germany, and Austria were on a fairly even footing. Figures for France, Germany, and Austria are not available for 1904, but in the following tabular statement the consumption of wool in the textile factories of the United States is compared with the wool retained for consumption in Great Britain for the years 1900 and 1904: THOUSANDS OF POUNDS. COUNTRY. 1904 United States i. Great Britain 2. .501,468 469, 600 1900 412, 745 528, 600 1 Bureau of the Census, Census of Manufactures, 1905 and 1900 — Wool con- sumption in textile mills. 2 The Statesman's Yearbook, 1906 and 1905. In 1904 as compared with 1900 the consumption of wool had increased in the United States, while in Great Britain considerable decrease had occurred in the quan- tity retained for consumption. From the fact that there has been a notable decrease in the total supply' of wool since 1900, specially marked in the clip of Aus- tralasian wool, upon which Great Britain and the con- tinent are to a considerable degree dependent for their supply, it is reasonable to suppose that the industry has not expanded to any great extent in either France or Germany. From these facts the conclusion may be drawn that the United States is now a close competitor of Great Britain and France, instead of holding, as in 1900, a doubtful tenure on third place. In the manufacture of silk and silk fabrics the United States and France led in 1900.' The value of the product was estimated at .$122,000,000 for the latter country and $92,000,000 for the former. How- ever, if the value of imported Japanese and Chinese ■foulards printed at Lyon and included in the total for France should be deducted, the value of the manu- factures of silk for the nation would be reduced by approximately $4,000,000. It would seem doubtful if the output of France has increased appreciably since 1900,^ whereas the United States census of manufac- tures for 1905, shows an increase of 25 per cent over 1900 in the value of silk manufactures in the United States. This remarkable increase has materially cut down the lead which France had in 1900, and at pres- ent it would seem that the two countries are on a nearly even footing. The manufacture of textiles from flax, hemp, and jute is not comparable in importance with the other branches of the textile industry in the United States.^ The gross value of all the products manufactured from these fibers, as reported by the census of 1900, was not one-half the gross value of the manufactures of silk. Wliile linen fabrics are manufactured to a greater ex- tent in the 'United Kingdom, France, and Germany than in America, the comparative unimportance of the industry is shown by the fact that there are probably not more than two and a half million flax-spinning spindles in Great Britain and on the continent to- gether.* The other products of the manufacture of flax, hemp, and j ute contain the fibers in such a variety of forms and quantities that there is no measure by which the nations may be ranked. However, the value of the manufactures of these fibers is not suffi- cient to alter the position of the great textile produc- ■ ing nations, as determined by the value of the products of the more important textiles. While it is not possible to rank the countries in every branch of the textile industry, in the most important, namely, the manufacture of cotton, the positions are so clearly marked as to render the task of ranking the nations for the entire industry comparatively simple. It is certain that the great advantage of an extraor- dinary lead in the manufacture of cotton gives Great Britain an undeniable position at the head of the textile producing nations; and a like advantage over every other rival in the same industry renders equally cer- tain the position of the United States as the second nation. Between Germany and France, it seems prob- 1 International Universal Exposition at Paris. Report of United States Commissioner Peck; Report on Silk Fabrics, contributed by Franklin Allen, juror oi the United States in the silk section, paee 505. Government Printing Office, 1901. 2 Statistical Yearbook of France for 1900 and 1904, Exports of Silk Manufactures for 1899, 278.3 million francs; for 1903, 293.4 million francs. P. Leroy-Beaulieu, Les Etats-Unis au XX Sifecle page 356. 3 Twelfth Census, Manufactures, Report on Textiles, page 237 ^ The Linen Industry, by Sir R. Lloyd Patterson, in British In- dustries under Free Trade, edited by Harold Cox. RANK OF THE UNITED STATES. cccxv able that the cotton industry is also the decidinn; fat- tor; for, while France may lead Germany in the manu- facture of woolen goods, and does so in the manufacture of silk goods, the margin in botli industries is not large enough to overcome the advantage which Germany has in the manufacture of cotton. Germany, there- fore, is entitled to third place, with France fourth. Food f reparations. — In the manufacture of food preparations the ITnited States has attained a lead which is the natural result of immense advantages in the production of raw materials. Widely diversified agricultural products and every natural facility for tlie raising of live stock have enabled the United States not only to produce food preparations sufficient for the needs of a numerous and growing population, but also to contribute largely toward the food supply of Europe and other parts of the world. The extent to which the aggregation of industries producing food products swells the total for all indus- tries and helps to place the Ignited States far beyond the reach of all competitors with respect to the value of industrial products is indicated hj the figures for the present census of manufactures. The industrial group of food and kindred products showed a net value of $2,176,489,626, which constituted 22.1 per cent of the nfet value of all products. However, the economic value of this group from the standpoint of manufac- tures can not be measured by the value of its products, since the report shows that while it ranked first in net value of products, it stood sixth among the four- teen great groups when measured by the number of wage-earners employed. The slaughtering and meat packing branch of the group has had an enormous growth in the past twenty- five years, and in 1 905 showed products with a net value of $791,22.3,872, or about $300,000,000 more than the estimated value of the average yearly production of cotton mantlfactures of every description in the United Kingdom.' The industry has no counterpart either in the United Kingdom or on the continent, where slaugh- tering is for the most part still a neighborhood in- dustry and meat packing as an industry is of slight importance. Flour and grist mill products swell the total value of the manufacture of food preparations by over a half billion dollars yearly, and, after the slaughtering and meat packing industry, contributed, in 1905, a larger sum than any other industry to the net value of all products. Leather products. — Dependent largely upon the slaughtering industry for raw material, the manufac- ture of leather and leather products in the United States has expanded with it and has attained a magni- tude unequaled by the industry in any other nation. It has been estimated that the United States produces ' The Cotton Industry, by Elijah Helm, in British Industries under Free Trade, edited by Harold Cox. over one-fifth of the total output of hides and manu- factures over one-fourth of the total production of leather.^ No other nation produces one-half as much leather as the United States, although Argentina contributes very largely to the supply of hides. Some idea of the immensity of the production of hides in this country may he obtained from the following statement : Slaughtering of ratllc at seven poriih in. Die Viiiled States: JUO.j^ Total _ _ 4, 570, 264 Chicago, III Kansas City, Kans. Omaha, Nebr Sioux City, Iowa St. Paul, Minn Denver, Colo St. Louis, Mo I.'.«2,8.53 1 , 012, (jfi.'i 1)42,277 68, 913 105, 963 47, 162 766, 431 1 Tlidc and Leather. .Tanuary 21, 1905. For the sake of comparison, the following statement is instructive: The. exports of from South Ameriea to the largest European markets: 19ii-i.' Number. Total 1. 448, 883 Antwerp I 1 , 053, 788 Havre I 369, 429 Liverpool 65, 666 ' Hide and Leather, .January 21, Km. The leading sources of cattle hides for the Euro- pean markets are the South American countries, yet Chicago produced nearly a half million more hides for the tanners of America than South America exported to the three leading receiving ports of Europe. Among the many necessary articles derived from leather, boots and shoes rank as the most, important. The manufacturers of the United States have trans- formed this industry from a hand trade to a highlj^ developed factory industry,' and American boot and shoe machinery is now the standard in Europe. The output of the factories in the United States has been hardly more than enough to satisfy home consump- tion until recent years, when, as a result of the in- creased output, the manufacturers have turned their attention to foreign markets. The result has been a rapidly growing demand for the product in Europe, in spite of sharp competition from English and other European manufacturers. The following statement '' indicates the popularity which American shoes have gained abroad during a decade : 2 Mulhall's Dictionary of Statistics. 3 John T. Day, The Boot and Shoe Trade, British Industries under Free Trade, page 237. ''Bureau of Statistics, Treasury Department, Statistical Ab- stracts, 1894 and 1904. CCCXVl MANUFACTURES. 1904 Pairs I 4, 642, 531 Value ' $7, 238, 940 1891 047, 318 S777, 354 The exporting of boots and shoes from the United States had no more than commenced in 1894, but during the ten years following it increased about six- fold in quantity and nearly eightfold in value. Thus, out of the four leading divisions of industry, the products of which are essential to the comfort and advancement of civilized people at the present day, the United States leads in three, namely, the production of iron and steel, of leather and leather products, and of food preparations, and is second in the production of textiles. The supremacy of the United States as a manufac- turing nation may be attributed to several causes, but none has had a more stimulating effect than the possession of a home market, untrammeled by local restrictions and protected from foreign competitors, whose growth until recently has more than kept pace with the remarkable industrial progress of the nation. At the present day American manufacturers practically supply the needs of a population double that of the United Kingdom, more than double that of France, and nearly a third again as numerous as the population of the German Empire, and in addi- tion, export to foreign markets domestic manufactures valued at more than three-quarters of a billion dollars. But to measure the consuming power of the home markets of these countries according to population alone does not present a complete picture. It is the material and social progress of the nation which fur- nishes the significant background and brings out most clearly the purchasing power of the people. With respect to the diffusion of wealth and education among the great mass of the people, none of the great industrial nations can point to greater progress than the United States. To such an extent have the resources of the United States been developed and to such perfection have the facilities for intercourse between the different sections of the Union been brought, that the internal commerce of the country during 1903 equaled the entire international com- merce of the world.' Recently it has been authori- tatively stated that the home market of the United States is ten times as great as that of Great Britain.^ Such statements are especially significant in the bear- ing they have upon the present position which the nation has attained in the manufacturing world. 1 Article by Mr. O. P. Austin, chief of the Bureau of Statistics,, Department of Commerce and Labor, cited in Bulletin of National Association of Wool Manufacturers, September, 1904, page 253. , ^ Testimony rendered before the Chamberlain Tariff Commission, cited in Bulletin of American Association of Wool Manufacturers, December, 1904, page 316. niAPTEPt XA'l. INDUSTRIAL CEXSUSES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Although no other nation appears io luive taken a.n industrial census which is comparable in every respect with the census of manufactures of the United States, the laws in a number of countries provide for censuses of production and for the collection of certain informa- tion concerning industrial pursuits in connection with the census of population. As the provisions of law and methods followed in theii- execution are of inter- est in connection with a study of the census and Cen- sus methods of this country, they are made the subject of a separate chapter in this report. GEEMAXY.i Early industrial censuses. — The first industrial cen- sus^ embracing Germany in its present extent, was taken on December 1, 1875, nearly five years after the foundation of the Empire, and was connected with the population census of that year. It covered horticulture and commercial gardening, fisheries, mines, foundries, salt works, manufactures, including the building industry, commerce, transporta- tion, and the business of furnishing lodging, food, and drink. It did not include (a) operations of an indus- trial character under the administration of the army and navy; (b) the operation of the railway, postal, and telegraph systems; (c) the insurance business; (d) med- ical institutions, the business of physicians and their assisting personnel, and midwives, and the burial of the dead; (e) musical and theatrical pursuits and shows of any kind ; (/) itinerant business ; (g) industrial operations for the employment of inmates of reforma- ' tory and penal institutions; (h) concerns devoted ex- clusively to supplying the needs of the household of the manager. But while the workshops connected with the railways, posts, and telegraphs were not in- cluded in the general census, they were covered by a separate investigation, the data being collected by the respective administrations by means of an inquiry schedule conforming to the general industrial schedule. A distinction was made between industrial concerns with five operatives or less and those with more than five. In the case of the former, the questions concern- ing the number of assistants and apprentices, by sex, iThis and the succeeding chapters on France, Austria, Belgium, and Hungary are synopses of reports prepared by Dr. R. R. Kuczynski. ^Statistik des Deutschen Reichei^, Ncue Folge, Band 6, 7; cf. Band 1. the luimber of looms, stocking frames, sewing machines, and motor engines were generally included in the household schedule or the corresponding general sched- ule of the population census or were otherwise stated. The concerns having more than five operatives were investigated by means of special industrial schedules which called for the following information: Location; name of the manager (active manager), lessee, admin- istrator (and firm name) ; legal form of organization ; nature of the industry ; the secondary industries ; num- ber of managers, by sex; number of persons engaged besides managers, by sex and age; the number, kind, and, as far as possible, power of the motor engines; and, where certain machines were characteristic of the industry, their number and kind. The unit for the purpose of the census was the inde- pendent industrial concern — that is, every industrial concern operated independently by a person as owner, lessee, or manager; and, in the shipping industry, the concern of the master or shipowner. Thus the census unit included the concern of every individual person working either in the house of the customer or in his own home or workshop on the account of outside parties. Each of the industrial concerns of the same owner, different in kind, whether locally united or sep- arated, and each of the concerns, similar in kind, but locally separated and independent^ operated, was separately enumerated. An industrial concern be- longing to several owners but under one management was counted but once. The German Imperial Statistical Office is of the opinion that, as the questions at this census were not precise enough and provisions for preventing duplica- tion were wanting, the accuracy^ of the results was not equal to that secured by the following census. This j:-ensus was taken on June 5, 1882, in connec- tion with a general occupation census. It was some- what more comprehensive than the census of 1875; but the methods were much the same. The nature of the industrial activity was more accurately investi- gated; and the examination of the industrial condi- tions in detail was extended to all trade and manufac- turing enterprises except those carried on by an indi- vidual owner working alone. Household and industrial schedules were again made use of. The former, which was the regular schedule for the occupation census, was used for industrial concerns without co-proprie- tors, assistants, or motors; the latter for those with (cerxvii) CCCXVIU MANUFACTURES. co-proprietors, assistants, or motors. Since this census was substantially the same in method and scope as the succeeding census of 1895, its details need not be dwelt upon here, the principal points of difference will be noted in describing the later census.^ THE CENSUS OF 1895. Origin. — In his message of November 17, 1881, Em- peror Wilham I. had designated the taking of a census of occupations and industries as a prerequisite to the social legislation inaugurated by that message. The census of 1882 was taken for this purpose. It was followed by the law of June 15, 1883, dealing with the insurance of workmen against sickness, the law of July 6, 1884, deal- ing with insurance against accidents, and the law of June 22, 1889, dealing with insurance against infirmity and old age. But it soon became evident that this census alone could not provide a permanent basis for legisla- tion. To be sure, the data furnished regularly by the trade associations gave valuable information about changes which occurred in the industrial enterprises subject to the laws regarding accident insurance; but this did not embrace all industries and did not cover many important details. At the same time, these statistics, like the statistics of steam boilers and the special investigations of the manufacturing develop- ment in different cities, made it evident that im- portant industrial changes were in progress and early in the nineties, parliament, the press, scientific inves- tigators, and various branches of the administration, particularly the Imperial Statistical Office and the ' Printed sources used : Verhandlungen des Reichstages, ] 894-95. Statistik des Deutschen Reiches, Neue Folge, Bandseite 101-119, Berlin, 1897-1899, especially 111,119. Preussische Statistik, Band 142, Berlin, 1898. Geschichte und Einrichtung der amtlichen Statistik im Konig- reicli Bayern, Mtinchen, 1895. Zeitschrift des kgl. sachsischen statistischen Bureaus, 41. Jalargang, 1895. Statistik des Hamburgischen Staates, Heft 18, Hamburg, 1900. Statistische Mitteilungen der niederosterreicliischen Handels- und Gewerbekammer, Bteft 3, Wien, 1898. Hans von Scheel (director of the Imperial German Statistical Office), Die deutsclie Berufs- und Betriebszahlung vom 14, .Tuni, 1895. (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik, III. Folge, 15, Band, pages 1-17.) ■Protokoll ueber die am 13, 14, 15, and 16, Mai, 1895, zu Frank- furt, a/m. abgehalteno X. Clonferenz der statistischen Aemter deutscher Stadte. Protokoll ueber die am 23, 24, 25, and 27. April, 1896, zu Magdeburg, abgehaltene XI. C'onferenz der Vorstande der Sta- tistischen, .-Vemter deutscher Stadte. Statistisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Berlin, XXI. .Talirgang. Mittheilungen des Statistischen Amies der Stadt ifuenchen, XV. Band. Breslauer Statistik, Band XVIII. Verwaltungsberichte der Stadte Dresden (1895), Leipzig (1895), Stuttgart (1892-1895), Besides this, verbal and writ((in information was obtained fi»m Regierungsrat Dr. Friedrifli Zahn, member of the Imperial ( rer- man Statistical Office; Ministerialrat Dr, Max Proebst, director of tlie Royal Bavarian Statistical Bureau; Dr. E. Hirschberg, assist- ant director of the statistical office of the city of Berlin; Mr. I. Theill of tlie statistical office of Munich. Unprinted and unpublished material was obtained from the royal statistical bureaus of Prussia and Bavaria and from the Municipal statistical offices of Berlin and Munich. Various other governmental and municipal stati--^- tiral bureaus furnislied copies of their publications pertaining lo the ci'iit'us. chiefs of the municipal statistical bureaus, began to recommend the taking of a new census, on the ground that the data of 1882 had become obsolete and that it was desirable to find a basis of comparison in order to determine the changes which had occurred in the economic situation of the country. The govern- ment finally yielded to the arguments and admitted the necessity of a new occupation and industrial census. The legislation for the census. — In 1894 the secretary of the interior decided that a new occupation and in- dustrial census should be provided for by a law similar to that authorizing the census of 1882, with a view to obtaining results comparable with those of that census. The law was promulgated on April 8, 1894, and con- tained the following provisions : Sec. 1. In the year 1895 an occupation and industrial census shall be taken for the extent of the Empire. Sec. 2. The statistical investigations shall be carried out l)y the governments of the states. The furnishing of the necessary forms and the working up of the material in so far as not assumed by the governments of the states shall devolve upon the Empire. The ex- penses incurred by the governments of the states for furnishing the material shall be defrayed by the Empire according to a rate to be fixed by the Federal Council. Sec. 3. The questions to be propounded, aside from those relating to personal and conjugal condition and religion, may refer only to the conditions of occupation and other regular breadwinning activity. Any probing into the conditions of property or income is excluded. Sec. 4. The Federal Council^ shall determine the day for the cen- sus and issue the regulations necessary for the execution of this law. Sec. 5. Whoever consciously answers untruthfully the questions addressed to him on the basis of this law or refuses to make the state- ments required of him by this law and the regulations issued and promulgated for its observance (sec, 4) shall be punished by a fine not exceeding 30 marks. The scope of the census. — The general purpose of the industrial census, as officially defined, was to afford a basis of comparison with the census of 1882 and to fur- nish new and reliable data regarding the number and size of trade and manufacturing concerns. In detail the census was designed to present a survey of the number and size (personnel and machines) of the concerns. in each industry, distinguishing fixed con- cerns (including domestic industry) from itinerant (hawkers) and showing the form of ownership (indi- vidual, corporate, etc.), the, composition of the jwrson- nel by working condition, age, sex, and real occupa- tion, and the use of motors and machines — all this data to be returned in such a way as to allow the freest possible comparison with the corresponding re- sults of the census of 1882. The drafting of the plan.—The plan of the census was prepared in the Imperial Statistical Office. It was then discussed by a conference of statisticians,^ debated by -'The Federal Council (Bundesrat) numbers 58 members, who are appointed by the government of the individual states and vote according to instructions, 3 For the census of 1882 the corresponding conference of imperial and state statisticians discussed only the tcdmical execution not the plan of the census. INDUSTRIAL CENSUSES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. CCCXIX parliament, and finally adopted by the Federal Council, without suffering any material change. The amend- ments proposed by the press and by scholars during its passage through these different stages did not essen- tially affect the original form. From the first the idea had been that the possibility of comparison with the census of 1SS2 should be preserved. In the main, therefore, the plan of that census was adhered to, while the experience gained under it determined the trend of such changes as were made. • Tlie date. — As the census was not a periodical one, there was no motive to take it m any particular year. The decennial period following the census of 1SS2 had elapsed, and as it now seemed advisable to take another census as soon as possible, the year 1S95 was chosen. The law had left the day and month to the decision of the Federal Council, and, as it was desired to com- pare the results of the new census with those of the old, it was decided that the census should be taken on Friday, June 14. TJie administrative authorities. — The German Empire consists of 25 confederate states (4 kingdoms, 6 grand duchies, 5 duchies, 7 principalities, 3 free cities) and 1 imperial province (Reichslande Elsass-Lothringen) . Although the census was authorized by an imperial law accepted by the representatives of the whole na- tion, the expenses to be borne by the Empire, and the methods and plans fixed b}' the Federal Council representing all the state govermnents, the arrange- ment and execution of the work were not in every re- spect and at every stage subject to the central admin- istration. It was the general opinion that the states and large cities — with the consent of their state governments — ought to have the right of supplementing the official schedules according to their local needs. This opinion was respected by the Federal Council, which proclaimed that the models printed as appendices to its decree were authoritative with regard to content, but that changes in form and the inclusion of additional ques- tions by the state governments were allowable. The deviations, then, might comprise the insertion of addi- tional questions, the enlargement of questions or of explanations, certain changes in the regulations re- garding the method of census taking, and immaterial changes in form; but in fact no deviations were made which had the effect of altering in any essential feature the schedules and instructions decided upon by the Federal Council. Bavaria, Saxony, and Hamburg were the only states to introduce additional questions, and of these only one, a trifling addition made by Saxony, touched upon trade and manufacture. Besides this, some states made a few formal changes in headings and in single ex- pressions. To some extent this was necessitated by differences in administrative and economic conditions. The census taking itself was decentralized; it was to MFG — PT 1 — 07 xxi be effected b}" state governments. The general regu- lations, schedules, and instructions had been issued by the Federal Council on April 25, but special regulations and communications had to be issued by the state gov- ernments, together with the schedules and instructions, and sent to the imperial chancellor by May 15. They were issued in Prussia on April 16, in Wurttembergon April 22, in Bavaria on April 23, in Saxony on April 30. The same system as that observed in furnishing the schedules was adopted in the revision and working up of the returns. A part of the commission which formu- lated the plans for the census had asked for a centrali- zation of the whole tabulation; but ihe representa- tives of the governments in the commission declared that, for political reasons, the Federal Council would not give its consent to restricting the state govern- ments in the disposition of their census material or in their option of tabulating it themselves instead of hav- ing it tabulated by the imperial ofhce. I. IMMEDIATE PREPARATIONS. The division. of the country. — As has been stated, the law ordered that the census be taken by the individual state governments. Accordingly it was their task to subdivide their territory for census purposes ; but the federal instructions to the local authorities, which were issued as an appendix to the regulations of the Federal Council, laid down certain general principles which had to be observed throughout the whole Empire. It was here directed that the census be taken by communes, and that enumeration districts be formed within the communes of such a size that one enumerator could dis- tribute the schedules in one day and collect them in an- other day. Furthermore, it recommended that each enumerator be given not more than fifty households, also that buildings with numerous occupants, such as barracks, penitentiaries, and hospitals, constitute one special district. It would be unnecessary to subdivide communes of not more than fifty households unless the farms or plants were very much scattered. It devolved upon the individual governments to give further instructions. These instructions did not vary essentially in the different states, or make any consid- erable addition to the federal instructions. The details of the subdivision into districts were left to the com- munal authorities. The larger the commune the greater were the difficulties of their task. In the small- est communes no subdivision was required. In the largest cities the methods were more or less elaborate. Here the subdivision was generally made on the basis of a preliminary census or other preparatory investiga- tion, where such took place ; or with the help of real es- tate, house, or household registers, where they were available; and occasionally with regard to the indus- trial geography of the city. Below is a tabular statement showing by groups of communes the subdivision of the kingdom of Prussia cccxx MANUFACTURES. into enumeration districts, with the average size of these districts. Corresponding figures are also given for some of the larger cities outside of Prussia. AVERAGE PER Enu- ENUMERATION Num- ber of mera- DISTRICT. Num- Indus- tion Inhabit- House- trial dis- HABITANTS. com- munes. tion dis- tricts. ants. holds. con- cerns. tricts by com- munes. In- hab- it- House- holds. In- dus- trial con- State. 1 1 54,176 216,789 31,491,209,6,644,098 ' 1 1 1 - 742,119 4.0 145 31 3.4 100,000 and more 1 18' 46,069 4, 472, 764 1,033,828 150,886 2, 448. 3 97 22 3.3 20,000 to 100,000.... 95 20,353 3,380,814 714,003 97,702 214.3 166 35 4.8 5,000 to ! 20,000 ' 506! 25,968 4,522,298 966,738 139,354 51.3 1V4 37 5.4 2,000 to I 5,000 1.193 21,004 3,628,781 764,024 108,926 17.6 1V3 36 5.2 Less than 2,000 52,364103,39515,486,552 3, 165, 505 245,251 2,0 150 31 2.4 Munich 1 2.201I 391.307 92, 236 16,239 178 42 7. 4 2,033, 386,397 2, 287 324, 341 85, 822 14, 666 190 42 7.2 Dresden 76, 399 13,907 142 33 6.3 680 l.'i3.Sll 32,961 6,175 226 48 9.1 From this table it appears that the average size of the enumeration district was much below the maxi- mum of .50 households prescribed in the federal instruc- tions. In Prussia it was .31 for the state as a whole and also for communes of over 2,000 population, which, of course, were all subdivided. The smallest districts are found in the group of largest communes. Here the number of households to a district is only 22 and the number of persons 97. The average number of industrial concerns for which schedules had to be made out varies in the five groups of communes from 2.4 to 5.4. The number of inhabitants, households, and industrial concerns per enumeration district was largest in towns of 5,000 to 20,000 inhabitants.^ In Dresden, and especialty in Munich, Leipzig, and Stuttgart, the enumeration districts were larger than in the large Prussian cities, but did not reach the limit prescribed by the federal instructions. In the free city of Lubeck there were about 900 enumeration districts, each containing from 15 to 20 households, a condition similar to that of large Prussian cities. But in the two other free cities, Hamburg and Bremen, the subdivisions were quite different and even in contra- diction of the federal instructions, for in Hamburg the 1,262 districts contained on an average not less than 122 households, with 525 inhabitants and 21 industrial concerns, and in Bremen, which altogether was sub- divided into only 77 enumeration districts, there were about 400 households and 1,800 inhabitants to a district. The distribution of forin.s. — The census law had authorized the state governments to furnish the forms if they wished to do so, Tlie regulations of the Fed- ' The subdivision soems to have been compli'te in the cities as ■well as in the country. A.s an exception, in Prussia it may be men- tioned that in the subdivision of the city of Danzig, corner lots, short communicating streets lietween market places, and in one rural district an entire mill lot, were nverlooked. eral Council added that if they were not furnished by a state authority compensated by the Empire, they would be furnished by the Imperial Statistical Office and that the state governments should come to some understanding with the Imperial Office in regard to this matter. Most of the larger states made use of their right to undertake this work themselves ^ and generally assigned it to their statistical bureaus. Financial preparation. — All the expenses, except for the enumeration itself, had to be borne by the Empire. The rate provided m the federal regulations as compensation to the states willing to furnish the forms and work up the material was 3 pfennigs (0.7 cent) per head of the population found in the census of 1890, one-third of which could be drawn on April 1, 1895, the second on October 1, and the last on January 1, 1896. The compensation was finally to be fixed according to the actual population found at the census. On April 2,3, 1896, the Federal Council decreed that one and one-fourth pfennigs (0.3 cent) additional per head be placed at the disposition of the states from October 1, 1896.^ As the law stated that the census was to be effected through the state governments and, further, that the expenses of furnishing the schedules and working up the material were to be borne by the Empire, the implication seemed to be that the state governments were to bear the expenses for the actual enumeration. But that was not the case. The Prussian instruc- tions to the administrative presidents expressly state that no compensation for enumerators could be claimed from either the imperial or the state treasury and that this fact should be especially impressed upon the authorities of the communes. Later on, motions on the part of the communes that they receive com- pensation for this expense were rejected. It fell, consequently, to the lot of the single com- munes to provide the means not only for the staff for the census taking and revisitm, but likewise for the preparatory work which was sometimes very expen- sive. Organization of the staff. — (a) The higher officers: The census law contained no provisions regarding the organization of the census takers. The regulations issued by the Federal Council stated that the com- munal authorities might, upon their own responsibdity, organize census commissions. The regulations issued for Prussia did not add anything to these federal regu- lations. The same may be said of the Bavarian instruc- tions, whicli, however, recommended very strongly the formation of census commissions. 2 Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, A\'urttemberg, Baden, He.ssc;, Braun- schweig, Hamburg, 1-Sremen, and Lubeck. » The total cost of the een.sustothe Empire- was $845,000 (3,550,420 marks). Of this amount, §550,000 (2,336,134 marks) was expended for the occupation census, $9(),000(403,361 marks) for the agricultural census, and S193,000 (810,925 marks) for the trade and manufactur- ing census. • INDUSTRIAL CENSUSES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. CCCXXl Thus the details of selecting and organizing the staff of census takers were left to the discretion of the com- munal authorities. In the smaller communes all the preparatory work was done by the chief communal officer. This was, however, not possible in the large cities. Here, and in extensive rural communes, cen- sus commissions were generally established. Still there were some cities, like Leipzig, Konigsberg, Strass- burg, Dortmund, Lubeck, and Mainz, which did not have them. The organization of the commissions and superior officers may be shown in detail by the examples of two cities, Berlin and Breslau. Of tJiese, the former had one and the latter several commissions. In Berlin the first step was the constitution of a census commission of 12 members, all being councilors and delegates of the city, which was ' 'authorized and required to order, administer, and supervise all the measures necessary for a legally complete and trustworthy execution of the work of taking the census." The commission appointed a deputy for each one of the 96 police districts in Berlin, selecting generally one of the chairmen of the city districts, while the chair- men of the police wards were required to perform the police functions of the canvass. The deputy and the chairman of the police ward were to work in harmony until the completion of the census taking; and the latter was also to be invited to the meetings of the deputies. In cooperation with a commissioner of the police and the director of the municipal statistical office, the census commission issued, on May 9, the working plan for the deputies of the districts and the circuit com- missioners (the superior officers of the census). Ac- cording to this plan, each deputy had to obtain from the statistical office before the 21st of May a list of the residents in his district who had declared themselves ready to cooperate in the census taking. Between the 21st and the 25th he was to divide his district into cir- cuits, respecting as far as possible the proposals of the chairmen of the city districts. Each chairman was to choose the circuit of which he himself wished to be the commissioner. The deputy was then to put a cir- cuit commissioner at the head of each of the other circuits, and to provide substitutes for himself and for the circuit commissioners. He was authorized to ask the transfer of a municipal officer to assist in the office work, especially in the dis- tribution and collection of the census material and in the verification, revision, compilation, and statement of the results. The cost of these assistants and the expenses of the deputies amounted to 13,185. The deputy was to complete the organization of his dis- trict by May 30 and to send, on May 31, a plan of the whole subdivision to the statistical office. From this date until the census taking began, it was the duty of the deputies to see that vacancies in the staff of the census personnel were filled and that any lack of sched- ules was supplied. In Breslau a chief commission was formed, consist- ing of the seven members of the statistical deputation, including the director of the municipal statistical office and a police councilor. Its scope was defined in lan- guage similar to that used in Berlin. It was ' 'to order and supervise all the measures necessary for a com- plete and trustworthy execution of the work of taking the census." In each of the twenty-four police wards the census taking was under the charge of ward census commissions. These were composed of a citizen, as chairman, and his substitute, both nominated by the chief commission ; the commissioner of the police of the ward; an officer of the magistracy selected by the first mayor; and at least three assessors who were nomi- nated by the chairman of the commission from among the enumerators of the ward. The municipal statisti- cal office, acting as the organ of the chief commission, was to conduct the correspondence regarding the for- mation of the ward commissions; to secure appropri- ate rooms for the meetings of the enumerators as well as for the later collection and preliminary revision of their portfolios; to determine by consulting the real estate lists the number of schedules that would be needed in the several enumeration districts; and to fill out the portfolios accordingly, and provide for their transportation to the census wards. While, then, in Berlin the formal direction of the census was withdrawn from the statistical office and placed in the hands of a census commission, in Breslau the part which the statistical office had in the super- vision was considerable. Although, on the whole, especially in the large cities, the census commissions seem to have promoted the work considerably, that was not everywhere the case. Sometimes they proved to be useless and inadequate, and in a few cases even the chiefs of the communes were not able to take up the duties they were called upon to perform in connection with the census. (b) The enumerators: As regards the enumerators, the federal instructions to the local authorities simply stated that there must be one for every enumeration district, and that they should be selected with care and should be, as far as possible, unpaid volunteers. The regulations issued by the state governments did not add any details. Thus the matter was left entirely to the discretion of the communes, and the methods by which the enumerators were selected varied according to the organization of the higher census officials in the different places. In the small communes the selection was made entirely by the chief of the commune. The methods followed in some of the larger cities may be shown by examples. In Berlin the circuit commissioners were to name the enumerators between M&j 26 and May 30, select- ing, as a rule, the house owners or their representatives, CCCXXll MANUFACTURES. and sending the list to the deputy of the district. In Breslau the members of the ward commissions, and especially the police commissioners, were required to secure the enumerators by selecting "residents of their wards who are ready to accept the honorary office, and whose public spirit and capabilities guarantee that they will discharge the duties of census taking with care and in accordance with the regulations." In the city of Hamburg the enumerators were paid and were appointed by the census commissioners. In Bremen, where they were likewise paid, they were appointed by the police authority. In response to the appeal issued by this authority in the daily press 172 persons pre- sented themselves, and 77 were chosen after it had been ascertained that they had never been offenders against the law. In the last two cities, where the office was remunerative, and also in the state of Mecklenburg, where the acceptance of the position as an honorary office without remuneration was obligatory, enumera- tors were secured with comparative ease. But else- where it proved, as a rule, extremely difficult to find a sufficient number of competent persons who could be induced to accept the unpaid honorary office. Natu- rally the methods resorted to in order to obtain volun- tary enumerators varied considerably in different places. It may be worth while to describe in detail the plan followed in one large city, noting the points of differ- ence in the methods of other cities. Dresden, a city which experienced comparatively little difficulty in ob- taining enumerators, will be taken as the main example. In order to obtain voluntary enumerators for the 2,287 districts of this city, the statistical office adapted the following devices: 1. A notice was posted in the streets and published in a newspaper inviting the citizens to act as enumer- ators. The number of persons who presented them- selves was 109. Likewise, in the city of Berlin a communication was printed in ten newspapers and posted in the streets daily for a week asking teachers, municipal officers, policemen, house porters, etc., to volunteer their serv- ices. In a similar way in Hanover the procuring of voluntary enumerators was begun early with an edi- torial appeal in the press of all the parties. Similar public invitations were issued in Leipzig, Chemnitz, Dortmund, Altona, and other cities. 2. Letters numbering 4,632 and accompanied by blanks for the answer were written to private persons. Of the replies, 1,120 were affirmative. Likewise in Frankfurt private persons were secured as enumerators through letters forwarded by the mag- istracy. The lists of citizens, aldermen, and jurymen kept by the statistical office were utilized for this pur- pose. In the city of Breslau the police used a register of the persons who had been engaged in the population census of 1890, to whom a vcrljal invitation was ad- dressed by the policemen. Likewise in Leipzig all persons who had been enumerators at the population census of 1890 were addressed by letters. The statis- tical bureau of the city of Hanover sent personal re- quests to the members of the chamber of commerce; to numerous persons engaged in trade or manufactures; to selected house owners; to members of the union of architects and engineers; to the chairmen iand other members of the boards of guilds ; to a number of honorary officers (corporals of citizens, chairmen of the city districts, arbiters, councilors of orphans, overseers of the poor) ; and to the sworn estimators of fire insurances. In a similar way the services of private persons were solicited in Cologne, Chemnitz, Dort- mund, Gorlitz, Mannheim, Mainz, Munich, Plauen, and elsewhere. But there were also cities which did not choose this method. The city of Stuttgart did not use this means on account of the fact that at the last preceding population census, out of 1,200 private per- sons invited by letter three-fourths had not answered at all, and only about 40 had accepted the office. But, as it could not dispense with the cooperation of private persons, it made use of the organization of the unions of citizens for enrolling voluntary enumerators. The communal council, acting as a census commission, sent corresponding circular letters to the presidency of the eleven unions. In a similar way the overseers of the poor were asked to cooperate. The city of Altona addressed circular letters to all the overseers . of the poor, the delegates of the cities, the guilds, the com- munal, military, and other unions. In Hanover a number of citizens, unions, political clubs, and tech- nical unions were invited to participate as enumerators. 3. The authorities of the Empire and the state and a number of larger firms were required to circulate among their personnel a list sent to them for that purpose. The lists went back to the statistical office with 158 names. The city of Altona likewise addressed circular letters accompanied by several copies of lists for the entry of the names to the provincial tax authority, the railway administration, the superior custom house authorities, the imperial post offices, the county courts, and to several institutions, such as banks. Such direct invi- tations to the governmental officials seem on the whole not to have been very successful. The appeal of the city of Stuttgart to the various officials of the govern- ment proved to be an entire failure. Only after an ap- peal to the governmental statistical office and through its assistance were 300 officers secured as enumerators. Other cities left it to the government from the begin- ning to request its officials to cooperate. In Hanover the imperial and royal authorities were asked by the administrative president to recommend to their offi- cers participation in the census work. Likewise in iMunich the governmental departments facilitated the securing of the enumerators by encouraging their offi- cers to cooperate. INDUSTRIAL CENSUSES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. cccxxm 4. Proclamations were issued and posted in the lob- bies of the royal technical high school, the royal acad- emy of arts, the royal high school of veterinary sur- gery, and the royal school of art industry; 23 students presented themselves. The services of the students of the university of Breslau were solicited in the same manner. In Leipzig all the students, with the exception of the for- eigners, were personally addressed by letter. Appeals were likewise made to university students in Munich, Strassburg, and elsewhere. 5. The school board issued an appeal to the teachers of the municipal schools. In this way 426 teachers were secured as enumerators. The same request was addressed by the city council to the superintendents of the nonmunicipal schools; 51 teachers presented themselves. The census commissioners of Altona asked the super- intendents of the higher schools and the city councilor of schools to secure enumerators among the teachers. Similar steps, apparently with much success, were taken in Berlin, Breslau, Frankfurt, Gorlitz, Hanover, Leipzig, Mannheim, Mainz, Munich, Plauen, and else- where. In Hanover even the professors and in- structors of the two royal high schools were asked to serve as enumerators. 6. By an order of the school board, the pupils of the municipal colleges, and, at the request of the statis- tical office, the pupils of the two seminaries of school teachers were asked by their respective superintend- encies to cooperate as enumerators. About 400 pre- sented themselves. In Leipzig the superintendencies of all the colleges were requested by letter to urge the pupils of the higher classes to give their services. In a similar way the older pupils of the higher schools of Plauen were asked to cooperate. On the whole it seems that the willingness, the zeal, and the capability were greatest among common school teachers. In some cities, however, for very diverse reasons the appeal to private persons met with but little success^ Often there was a real deficiency of competent persons. In Breslau one-fourth of the enumerators actually selected were wholly incapable. On the other hand, there was a want of interest, an antipathy against the enumeration, and a reluctance occasioned by the unpleasant experiences that^numer- ators had undergone in unknown houses at former cen- suses. Sometimes persons who were able and willing to accept the office were really prevented from doing so by the nature of their occupation. At other places the citizens believed that the census was a municipal concern, and that it was parsimony on the part of the city not to pay the enumerators. Sometimes even those persons who declared themselves willing to ac- cept the office abandoned it later on. In the city of Munster two-thirds of the enumerators declined at the last moment to perform their duties. The dif- ficulty of the task of finding enumerators does not seem to have been wholly appreciated by the govern- mental authorities. The Pnissian statistical bureau states that "the securing of voluntary enumerators has, for the most part, been accomplished with ease," and the director of the Imperial Office says that "the census was taken by the way of voluntary and unpaid enumerators — with a few exceptions where a small compensation was conceded, as in Oldenburg." Now the securing of voluntary enumerators, to judge from the complaints of the minor administrative authorities, was everywhere difficult and in some places impossible. In only 6 of the 35 administrative districts of Prussia could a sufficient number of enumerators be obtained without pay. In every one of the 29 other districts some of the enumerators received more or less pay, the amount varying from 24 cents to 14.76 each. The aver- age was about 83 cents. In this way the city of Halle spent $381, Elberfeld $238, and Bromberg $63. But the cities naturally tried to avoid incurring the extra charges and if possible filled the deficiencies by enlist- ing the services of municipal clerks, policemen, or mili- tary persons. The occupations of the enumerators in some of the cities are given in the following tabular statement : OCCUPATION. Total. High, school teachers , Common school teachers Higher state officers Lower state officers Higher municipal officers Lower municipal officers PoUcemen Merchants Private employees Saloon keepers, etc Fabricants others engaged in manufactures Mechanics Renters Proprietors Military persons Clergymen Students Pupils Apothecaries Physicians Agriculture, forestry, aud gardening. . Pensioned officers and military per- sons Vice-landlords Porters Workingmen Authors Artists Engineers, etc Others Not stated Women 20,965 123 998 118 578 28 647 270 1,615 3,742 3,531 71 31 124 116 170 2,510 75 32 70 053 418 Dresden. 2,287 47 436 326 29 295 119 48 41 42 312 168 17 269 10 16 51 Leipzig. 2,033 304 13 2166 261 449 : = 67 Stutt- gart. 16 132 64 98 39 53 Bres- lau. 3,165 45 363 209 86 1949 84 285 6 . 7 36 78 72 1 Includes h ' other officers." 2 including men of science. 3 Paid enumerators and helpers. The instruction of the staff. — Owing to the fact that the law authorizing the census ordered that it be taken by the states, and to the further fact that the Federal regulations directed that within the state it be taken by communes through the agency of enu- CCCXXIV MANUFACTURES. merators, instructions had to be issued to state offi- cers, to communal officers, and to enumerators. As the Federal regulations stated that the further necessary ordinances and communications should be issued by the states, the instruction of the higher ad- ministrative bodies was committed to the state gov- ernments. The Prussian minister of the interior sent the regulations, containing remarks, explanations, and orders — particularly in regard to the royal district and county authorities — together with the forms and the instructions for the local authorities and the enu- mer'ators, to the chief presidents of the provinces, to the presidents of the administrative districts, and to the royal police president of Berlin. By these regu- lations the administrative presidents were required to submit any doubts about the inquiries in the schedules or the instructions to the Royal Statistical Bureau. In case this office was not able to decide the question itself, it was to submit the matter to the secretary of the interior. The administrative presidents were fur- ther required to instruct the county authorities and to send them for that purpose three complete sets of the schedules and instructions. It then became the duty of the county authorities to provide for the proper instruction of the local authorities and chiefs of the communes and census commissions, and supply them with the special in- structions issued by the Federal Council. The Fed- eral Council also issued special instructions for the enumerators. The enumerators were asked to read these instructions thoroughly before beginning their work, in order to be able to take the census properly and decide any questions that might arise on princi- ples uniform throughout the whole 'Empire. The fed- eral instructions to the local authorities added only that the enumerators had to be well instructed re- garding their duties and that the method of filling out the schedules could be learned from the instructions printed on them. The Prussian regulations said, in a very vague way, that the county authorities, including the chief officials of the city counties, should provide for the proper instruction of the census commissions and the enumerators. The Bavarian instructions added that the local authorities were to assist the enumerators by enlightening and informing them and in every other way necessary, and that the adminis- trative authorities of the districts were to see that the enumerators of their districts met in adequate divisions at the beginning of June and conferred regarding a uniform enumeration and its proper performance. As far as practicable, an officer of the administrative authority of the district was to assist at these meetings. The local authorities then regulated the further details. The first step referred to the instruction of the higher officials of tlie census taking. In Stuttgart, where no special organization was es- tablished, the city resolved to restrict itself to printed instructions. These were published in two long articles by all the newspapers of the city, and each enumera- tor received, besides, a printed "special instruction." In those cities in which special ward bureaus were established the enumerators were authorized to get further information there. On the whole, the rather troublesome task of in- structing the staff was left to the communes. Some communes claimed that the Federal instructions were inaccurate and ambiguous, while many denounced them as incomplete. Measures for increasing the trustworthiness of the census talcing. — The measures to secure the trustwor- thiness of the individual canvass consisted mainly in inducing the public to answer the inquiries willingly and correctly. In order to remove every suspicion from the public mind, the census law stipulated that the questions to be decided upon by the Federal Council, aside from those relating to personal and conjugal condition and religion, might refer only to the occupation and other regular breadwinning activity. Any probing into the condition of property or income was excluded. The object of this restriction was to avoid asking for infor- mation which might be used by the financial authori- ties for tax purposes. While the law on the one hand thus tried to allay public suspicion, it endeavored to enforce truthful answers by providing that whoever knowingly answered the question untruly or whoever declined to give the information requested of him ac- cording to the law and the regulations decreed by the Federal Council would be fined not more than 30 marks ($7.14). This was inserted in the law because the same regulation in the census law of 1882 was believed to have considerably promoted the success of that cen- sus. With the same object in view, the following declaration was printed at the head of the household schedules : In order to obtain the basis for new statistics of the economic conditions of the German Empire, a new occupation census, which is to be connected with an investigation of the agricultural, forestry, and industrial concerns, has been ordered by the imperial law of April 8, 1895. The statements will not be used for tax purposes, but only for statistical tabulation. Whoever knowingly answers the questions untruly or refuses to give the prescribed statements will be punished by a fine not exceeding 30 marks. On the bottom of the schedule was printed the following : Confirmation: That thi' statements in this household schedule have been made completely and according to the truth is certified by * * * (signature of the head of the household or his substitute). The industrial schedule begins in a similar way with the words: Through these industrial schedules the endeavor is made to obtain the basis for a census of Hie trade and manufacturing concerns by number of persons, employment of motors and machinery. Accord- ing to the law of April 8, 1895, the industrial persons are obliged to give the information necessary for the filling out of the industrial schedules. INDUSTRIAL CENSUSES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. cccxxv It finished with the words : The truthful filling out of this industrial schedule is certified by * * (signature). The Prussian regulations said that as the household schedules contained a short declaration explaining the legal basis and the extent of the occupation and indus- trial census, the obligations and rights of the heads of the households, and the fines imposed, the government had desisted from making an additional declaration to this same end, and recommended that these statements on the household schedules, together with the main rules regarding the occupation and industrial census, be published in the official county newspapers, and that timely notice be given in the cities and in the country, especially in the communal meetings, in re- gard to the census taking, with an explanation of its scope, its problems, and the schedules. While the threat of the fines seems to have had the desired effect — onlj a few had to be imposed — it seems that the enumerators did not always receive fair treat- ment from the public. It was charged that the people had not been instructed regarding the voluntary and honorary nature of the service of the enumerators or requested to assist them as far as possible. Some of them had been treated by the better classes as distrib- utors and messengers. It also was charged by a num- ber of magistrates that the instructions to the public printed on the schedules were too extensive and in- volved to be understood. Preliminary investigations. — The regulations of the Federal Council stated in a very indefinite manner that before the distribution of the schedules the enumera- tor should learn how many households and agricul- tural and industrial concerns were in his district, in order to obtain a sufficient number of schedules, to arrange his work well, and to overlook nothing. The state regulations did not add any details. It was then practically left entirely to the local authorities to de- termine what kind of preparatory investigations should be made. The large cities generally made more or less elaborate preparations. Some of them were of the opinion that a direct preliminary census was necessary where the municipal statistical bureaus were not able to furnish from other material a state- ment of the number of lots, households, and industrial concerns as a basis for the distribution of the sched- ules. But this opinion was not shared by all. On the contrary, some held that a preliminary census was both questionable and superfluous. They were doubtful whether the municipal administrations had the legal right to take such a census, since it did not stand under the protection of the imperial law, and they main- tained that the returns made by the house owners would be in many cases inaccurate, and that sufficient guidance for the enumerators could be obtained from existing material. II. THE ENUMERATION. The unit of the census. — The unit of the industrial census of 1895 was to be the independent industrial concern (selbstandiger Gewerbebetrieb). It will then be necessary to state how the three words "indus- trial," "independent," and "concern" were to be understood. According to the explanations in the household schedule, the following were to be considered as indus- tries:^ Handicraft, industrial, and manufacturing trade or business of any land. These included sewing, milli- ner's trade, laundry, and the like; building and artistic trades and art industry; mining, smelting, and salt works; horticulture and commerical gardening; fish- eries; professional rearing of silkworms, singing birds, dogs, and like animals; banking, commerce and agen- cies for commerce, insurance, auctioneering, lending, renting (comprising the rental of steam engines and thrashing machines) ; employment agencies, and "com- missionaire" businesses; burial of the dead; carting and livery business, including post chaises and street railways; water transportation, as freighter or ship owner, including rafting and ferry business; port and pilot service and other transportation business; also the business of lodging, boarding, and the sale of food and drink.> Industrial undertakings of this descrip- tion conducted by government communes or corpora- tions — as building concerns and railway or telegraph workshops — were included, and also penitentiaries or houses of correction, if 'the product of these institutions was for sale or the work was carried on on the account of another. The following were not classified as industries: Ag- riculture and forestry; hunting; breeding of farm ani- mals; musical, theatrical, and show business; the busi- ness of physicians and accoucheurs; sanitariums and hospitals; educational institutions and schools; and the operation of railways, posts, and telegraphs. The federal instructions to the enumerators added that distilling, brewing, tile burning, peat cutting, stone and limestone quarrjdng, the livery business of a farmer, and industrial dairying were also to be con- sidered as industries. The finding of the units. — The federal in.structions to the enumerators had, as already remarked, given the very vague rule that the enumerator, before the distri- bution of the schedules, should learn how many and what households and industrial concerns were in his district, so that he might provide himself with the nec- essary number of forms, distribute his work wisely, and omit nothing. To this rule the state govern- ments added no further directions. Its insufficiency for practical purposes, resulting, in particular, from its failure to distinguish between the countrj^ and large iln the following pages "industry" and "industrial" will always mean "trade and manufactures." CCCXXVl MANUFACTURES. cities, was criticised by the local authorities. In the villages where there were, as a rule, only a few enu- meration districts, the enumerator, as a member of the common council, or as a teacher, might very well know every house and every person, or if he did not have that knowledge, he might easily acquire it. It was quite different in the cities, where generally he would not know any district perfectly ,and would not always be appointed for the one he knew best. In such cases, then, the federal instructions virtually asked the enu- merator to take a preliminary census, to do which he had no authority, and, moreover, not the least inclina- tion. In many cases the local authorities endeavored to supply this deficiency and ascertain the number of households and industrial concerns to be canvassed. It remains to be seen how, in general, the cities, on the basis of that preparatory work, tried to aid the enumer- ators in their task. In all of the seven cities where preliminary censuses were taken (Berlin, Munich, Breslau, Dresden, Leipzig, Magdeburg, and Gorlitz) the enumerators obtained from the authorities more or less detailed and exact information in regard to the houses belonging to their districts and generally in regard to the households and the industrial concerns also. They received either the schedules made out at the preliminary census or the addresses entered in the schedules to be used at the census proper. Soihetimes, however, as in Munich and Dresden, they were especially instructed to rectify and complete the schedules of the preliminary census and to pay particular attention to the changes that might have occurred since it was taken. Some of the cities which had not taken a preliminary census, but made preparatory investigations from the material at hand, as Frankfurt and Mannheim, provided their enumer- ators with information about the households belonging to their districts, if not about the industrial concerns. But most of the cities did not even give this aid to the enumerators — as, for instance, the city of Cologne, which came to the conclusion that the cards of the con- trol office of the inhabitants were not trustworthy; that the necessary statements about the place of busi- ness of the industrial concerns were altogether want- ing; and that, moreover, if entries were made in the schedules previous to the canvass, many omissions must be expected from' less zealous enumerators. With the same idea the city of Lubeck, M^hich claimed to have a fair knowledge of the single households, did not furnish any addresses, fearing that the enumerators in distributing the schedules might content themselves with calling only on those whose addresses had, thus been communicated. The method of canvassing. — The federal regulations prescribed the use of the following forms: 1. The household schedule. 2. The agricultural card. 3. The industrial schedule. 4. The instructions to the enumerator. 5. The control list. 6. The instructions to the head official of the com- mune. 7. The commune schedule. The principal schedule was the nousehold schedule, which was the only one used for the occupation census and which fm-nished the basis for the larger part of the industrial census. It was of four pages (13.2 inches long and 9.6 inches wide). It contained on the first page the statements individualizing the schedule, namely, the number of the schedule, the name of the state, district, commune, place, street, and the number of the house and of the enumeration district. Then followed in a few lines the short statement, previously quoted (see page cccxxiv) , concerning the purpose of the census and the fines. After this came instructions for the fdling out of the schedule, which were practically addressed to the enumerators. Then followed expla- nations in regard to entries to be made in the sev- eral columns. These explanations were continued on page 4. Pages 2 and 3 contained the inquiries ar- ranged in 18 columns. These pages were subdivided into two parts. The upper and larger, of 15 lines (List A) , was for all the persons present on the night of June 13 to 14 in the dwelling place of the head of the household and the rooms belonging to it; the lower one, of 4 lines (List B), for the persons belonging in the household, but temporarily absent. For both parts an example was printed at the head. The order in which the persons were to be entered was : Head of the house- hold, wife, children, other relatives, industrial helpers, domestic and industrial servants, other members of the household, and persons temporarily present. The last part of page 4 contained statements in regard to filling out the agricultural cards and industrial schedules. Last of all came the affirmation to be signed by the head of the household or his representative. According to the instructions printed on the house- hold schedule, it was to be filled out in the forenoon of June 14. The head of the household was to enter in List A (persons present) all who passed the night of June 13 to 14 in his dwelling and the rooms belonginato it, no matter whether they were permanently or tem- porarily present, or whether they were natives or for- eigners, military persons or civilians. If a person during the census night had been in different dwellings, his own dwelling, or if he was only in dwellings other than his own, that in which he stayed last was to be considered as his quarters for the night. Persons who had passed the census night in no dwelling (as those who were traveling through the night, especially railway and postal employees, workers, watchmen, etc., who were occupied in the night outside of their dwelling) were to be entered in the schedule of that household in which they arrived in the forenoon of the 14th.^ Per- ' This rule being somewhat contradictory to the instructions to the enumerators— which ordered that household schedules be left in tents serving temporarily for night lodging for building labor- ers, etc. — caused double enumerations, such as building watch- men, etc., being often counted at both places. INDUSTRIAL CENSUSES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. CCCXXVll sons born before midnight or deceased after midnight were to be included. In List B (persons temporarily absent) the temporary absentees were to be entered, especially the head of the household if temporarily absent. The federal instructions as to the concerns for which an industrial schedule must be filled out proved to be so insufficient that even the directors of the municipal statistical bureaus judged themselves unable to give an authoritative interpretation of them and resorted to an inquiry of the Imperial Statistical Office. Upon fur- ther requests from various authorities, members of census commissions and enumerators, the Prussian statistical bureau on June 7 issued a communication containing the following brief orders : An industrial schedule is also to be filled out by such industrial persons, mechanics, domestic weavers, innkeepers, owners of small commercial businesses as do not work with helpers especially appointed for the business but whose family members (wife and children) assist them in the business, if not as proper helpers yet regularly and not merely occasionally. In such cases an industrial schedule is to be made out even when the assistance of family mem- bers is not active on June 14 but takes place regularly and not merely occasionally during the period of operation. For branches (ofTices and shops) in which only one appointed (dependent) person is occupied an industrial schedule must, nevertheless, be made out. That is necessary, since otherwise the dependent single salesmen, etc., in such branches would be lost to the industrial statistics as a part of the industrially active population. But if the branch shop is operated by an independent owner (perhaps for a share of the profit, or the like), but without helps ormotors, no industrial schedule is to be made out. The industrial, like the household, schedule was of four pages (13.2inches long and 9.6 inches wide). It began with the individualizing statement (state, dis- trict, commune, number of the household schedule to which it belonged, number of the enumeration district, number of industrial schedules in addition to this filled out by the same person and corresponding to the same household schedtile). Then followed the very short exhortation, previously quoted, to the industrial per- sons and the instructions for filling out the schedule; then the inquiries which were continued on page 2. These numbered 14, all but one of which could be an- swered by simply writing one or two words, a figure, a "yes" or "no," or by underscoring one or several words. The remaining question required the filling out of tables and included a classification of the em- ployees according to their actual occupation. Page 3 was reserved for this classification. It was headed by an illustrative example and .called for a table, the rubrics of which were not specified, so that the method . of answering was left to the discretion of the one who had to fill out the schedule. For the control of the delivery of the schedules the enumerators received control lists. It was a schedule of four pages (13.2 inches long and 9.6 inches wide), containing 75 lines — one for every household. The heads of the columns were: (1) Designation of the houses in which the enumeration took place by street, ward, or other designation; (2) number of the house or other designation of the building; (3) designation of the household (the firm, the institution, etc.); (4) cur- rent number of the household schedule; (5) males present entered therein; (6) females present entered therein; (7) agricultural cards filled out; (8) industrial schedules filled out; (9) remarks. At the head of the list the location, nearer designa- tion, and boundary of the enumeration district, and the name of the enumerator were to be entered, and (at the bottom of the fourth page) the sums of the columns, the signature of the enumerator, and the date of the control. Every enumerator received two of these control lists. TTie inquiries. — The l&if, as already explained, did not designate the census inquiries. It merely pro- vided that the questions, besides those relating to per- sonal and conjugal condition and religion, could refer only to the occupation and regular breadwinning ac- tivity, and prohibited any prying into the conditions of property and income. The household schedule called for the following data regarding each person present and each person tempo- rarily absent : (1) The first name; (2) the family name; (3) the relationship to the head of the household or other position in the household; (4) the sex; (5) day and year of birth; (6) the conjugal condition (single, married, widowed, divorced); and (7) the religious confession. It further asked for the principal occupa- tion (or only occupation) as indicated by (8) the branch of occupation, that is, the principal or sole source of income, and by (9) the position therein, whether inde- pendent or otherwise; also the accessory occupation (secondary industry), by (10) branch and (11) posi- tion. Independent industrial persons and domestic workers had furthermore to state (12) whether the business was itinerant (hawkers), and whether it was conducted for the most part at home for an outside business; also (13) whether it was conducted with at least one helper, apprentice, or other laborer, etc., or with active co-proprietors or cooperating members of the family; and (14) whether any motors propelled by wind, water, steam, gas, oil, benzine, ether, hot air, compressed air, or electricity, or any steam boilers, steam vats, steamships, or sailing vessels were used. The following questions applied to male and female laborers, servants, journeymen, or other employees; also, to domestic laborers (Heimarbeiter) and home workers (Hausindustrielle), with the exclusion of those who were permanently unable to gain their own liveli hood: (15) whether at the present time working (em- ployed); (16) if not, how many days out of work (un- employed); (17) Whether unemployed by reason of temporary inability to work. The last column (18) of the schedule was devoted to remarks (especially whether only temporarily present, and in the list of those absent, the reason for the absence). The above list inck.des all the questions that were asked in regard to concerns not employing either help- cccxxvm MANUFACTURES. ers or motors/ On the back, the schedule asked whether any industrial schedules had been filled out; and if so, how many? If several co-proprietors or other managers existed, the name and residence of the one who had taken charge of filling out the industrial schedule was to be given. The place of business of the concern was to be stated if it was distant from the residence.^ The industrial schedule to be filled out for each in- dustrial independent concern employing helpers or motive power contained the following inquiries: (1) The name of the industrial person or of the manager of the business, and, if different from it, the firm name of the business; (2) the home of the industrial person; (3) the business place of the concern, and, for branch establishments, the place of the main industrial con- cern also; (4) the kind of industry; (5) in case the con- cern is not fully operated during the whole year, the months of full operation; (6) whether other business managers participate in the direction of the concern; if so, the name and home of the one who has under- taken to fill out the schedule ; (7) whether the industry is conducted by a single person, several partners, or a legal body (corporation, etc.) ; (8) whether the manager of the concern is owner, lessee, or other manager, whether he works at home for the account of another, and whether he works exclusively with members of his family; (9) .whether the industry is a principal or a sec- ondary occupation. The next inquiry (10) asked for the number of persons employed both on June 14 and on an average during the year or period of operation and was divided into (A) the number of persons by sex occupied within the business place of the con- cerns, and (B) the number occupied outside the working place but on the account of the business. 1 The answering of questions 8 to 11 regarding the principal and accessory occupation caused the most difficulties. In spite of their importance these columns were often not properly filled out. A^'ork- ingmen and merchants, for instance, were apt to designate them- selves simply as such without any additional detail. This incom- pleteness of the answers was sometimes attributed to the unclear wording and to the deficiency of the explanations; sometimes to the fact that these explanations were not read by the public. The doubt whether question 1.3 had to l)e answered by "yes" or "no" has already been mentioned. ^The differences between the inquiries in 1882 and 1895 are several: (1) In 1882 for children under 14 years of age not working for wages or serving, only the total number by sex in every house- hold was asked; in 1895 all the data were asked for every person, as the Imperial Office believed that the summary inquiry of 1882 was the reason for the deficiency of 400,000 in the number of children reported at that census. (2) While in 1882 only the number of years of age at the last birthday was asked, in 1895 the day of birth was asked. (3) The religious confession was asked in the same way at both censuses. It is hard to understand how the Imperial Office could state that the confession was a new question in 1895. (4) In 1882 the question whether the business was performed itinerarily (as hawkei's) or mostly at home on the account of another was not asked. (5) In ] 882 the questions about unemployed were not asked. (6) In 1882 the former occupation was asked for persons who had exercised a principal occupation but on acc:ount of old age, or as consequence of wound or illness, had IjecoTne permanently unable to gain their own livelihood (are no longer or only secondarily bread- winning). From widows was asked the principal occupation of the (last) deceased husband. These questions were nat asked in 1895. (7) In 1882 the questions about persons temporarily present were more detailed. The former (A) were classified as (a) active owners, co-proprietors, lessees, managers; (b) administration, countingroom, and office personnel, among them the apprentices; (c) technical superintending personnel and higher technical officials; and (d) other personnel (helpers, laborers, carters, machine hands, etc.), in- cluding the members of the family occupied profes- sionally and regularly in the concern as helpers, jour- neymen, apprentices, and the servants engaged for the industrial concern. As regards this group of "other personnel" the schedule furthermore required a classi- fication by age (over or under 16) and by occupation; also (a statement of) the number of apprentices and of married females,^ with the number of the former living in the household of the manager; finally (e) the number of individuals by sex, occupied as a rule or on an aver- age diu"ing the year or period of operation. Then (f) the other familj'^ members cooperating in the business on an average during the year or period of operation were to be given classified by age (over or under 16) and sex. The outside workers (Class B) were to be classified with respect to situation as follows: (a) Workers at home, and also their helpers; (b) itinerants; (c) workers in penitentiaries and houses of correction. The remaining questions were: (11) Whether the con- cern used motors or power engines moved by ele- mentary power; (12) the horsepower of each; (13) the number and kind of machines; (14) in case there were industrial branches constituting one "combined" con- cern, the name of these branches, the designation of the combined concern, the total number of persons, and the total horsepower of the motive machines.^ ^ The Imperial Office states that information about the age and conjugal condition was asked with a view to labor legislation. For this purpose it was thought desirable to ascertain the proportion in which the adult juvenile classes were represented among laborers, and especially among the cooperating members of the family, and the number of married women industrially active as laborers. Under juvenile laborers, in agreement with the legislation (sections 135 and 136 of the industrial code) were understood the laborers 16 years of age and under. But it may be added that, on the whole, the widely extended unfactory-like occupation of children obliged to attend school, especially in the domestic industry, and further as distributors, errand boys, skittle boys, etc., are only imperfectly stated. * The main differences between the inquiries on the industrial schedules of 1882 and 1895 were as follows: Question 5. In case the industry is not in equal operation during the entire year, state the months of full operation added in 1895. In question 6 only the name and home of the one who has filled out the schedule is asked, while in 1882 the names and addresses of all the proprietors were asked. In question 7 tlie specification of the ownership is larger in 1895. In question 8 the question "Do you work exclusively with mem- bers of your family?" was added in 1895. In question 10 the specialization of the personnel was extended m 1895. The ofiice personnel (lOAb) is distinguished from the tech- nical superintending personnel (lOAc). Among the other person- nel (lOAd) the persons under and over 16 years of age are distin- guished, the number of apprentices and of married females are especially asked, and the number of the former living in the house- hold of the manager of the conc(3rn. The specialization of the actual occupation of the personnel entered under lOAd on page 3 is an addition, and question lOAf concerning the members of the family is also new. Question lOB is enlarged. Question 11 has been extended in 1895 according to modern exigencies. Questions 12 and 13 regarding horsepower and machines, includ- irtg the register of machines on page 4, were added in 1895. INDUSTRIAL CENSUSES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. CCCXXIX in. THE REVISION. By the enumerators and other inferior officers. — With regard to the collection and the verification of the schedules, the federal instructions to the enumerator say: The enumerator will begin by noon of the 14th the collection of the household and industrial schedules and agricultural cards and finish, in any event, by the 17th. By this day, also, the agricultural cards and industrial schedules which it was necessary to furnish additionally or which were otherwise behindhand must be filled out and collected. The enumerator will, at the place where the schedule was made, immediately examine it closely in all its parts, rectify errors, and have deficiencies supplied or supply them himself. He will also see that no agricultural card and no industrial schedule is wanting, ^^'here several kinds of industry are to be stated at the concern of the owner, the corresponding number of industrial sched- ules must be filled out. Every fiUed-out schedule must be pro- vided with the signature asked for thereon. With regard to the industrial schedules, the enumer- ator had to see that one or more were filled out for every industrial concern. He was directed to make sure, in particular, (a) that every industrial employer of the kind described in the instructions printed on the industrial schedule had filled out a schedule, even if he did not employ persons within his dwelling place or workshop, but only outside; (&) that where there were co-proprietors or several managers of the busi- ness, they agreed as to which should fill out the indus- trial schedule ; (c) that where anyone conducted com- monly several kindred- industrial concerns — for ex- ample, a grain and a saw mill, a weaving and a dyeing mill — he fii-st made out an industrial schedule for each single branch of the combined concern, distributed the total personnel among them, and then entered the statements about the combined business on the sched- ule of the principal branch. lii this way each person was to be enumerated but once. Those who oper- ated in several concerns were to be enumerated where they worked the greatest length of time. The enumerator, in order to furnish for himself, as well as for the communal (local) authority (census commission), a check on the completeness of the returns, was obliged to fill out a clean copy of the con- trol list and to arrange the schedules in an order corre- sponding to that list, so that for every building and every household the household schedules, agricul- tural cards, and industrial schedules lay together. He was also to take the opportunity of obtaining any schedules that might still be lacking. When the residence of the industrial person lay in another dis- trict, and for that reason the industrial schedule was not accompanied by a household schedule, that fact was to be made evident by entering the place of resi- dence on the control list in the column for remarks. Neither the state government nor, as a rule, the cities seem to have made more definite these rather vague directions for the verification to be made by the enumerators. According to the federal instructions, the enumera- tor was to deliver the schedules, together with the two copies of the control lists, to the local authority (census commission) by noon of June 21. The state govern- ments were authorized to fix an earlier limit. The Saxon instructions, for instance, chose June 19. In the cities where there were ofiicials between the enumerator and the local authority, or census commis- sion, special regulations were of course issued concern- ing the revision to be made by the different officials and concerning also the terms of delivery. By the communal authorities. — The federal instruc- tions to the local authorities in regard to the work of revision were, to the regret of some cities, as vague as those to the enumerators. They contained simply a provision that the verification of the entries with reference to completeness and -accuracy should begin immediately after the delivery of the schedules. In this absence of more explicit directions the cities some- times adopted very elaborate schemes of their own. By the central authorities. — The census law and, in a more definite manner, the regulations of the Federal Council had, as has been seen, made it discretionary with the state governments to tabulate the material themselves, with compensation from the Empire, or to have it tabulated in the Imperial Statistical Office. The following 10 states undertook the tabulation themselves: Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, Wurttemberg, Baden, Hesse, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Anhalt, Ham- burg, and Lubeck.i For the other 16 states the Impe- rial Statistical Office was the central station. The regulations of the Federal Council ordered that the government of these latter states see that the filled-out schedules, completely and carefully- verified, reach the Imperial Office on time, and that the inquiries and after inquiries which the Imperial Office would have to make in connection with the tabulation be answered as quickly as possible. The statistical bureau of Prussia, which state had more than three-fifths of the entire population of the Empire, was the largest central, station; the smallest was in Lubeck, with sixteen one-hundredths of 1 per cent of the inhabitants of the Empire. The population tabulated by the Imperial Office amounted to but one- twelfth of the whole. In the hands of these central authorities the census material was again subjected to a process of verifica- tion and revision. In the plan adopted by the Prus- sian bureau the first step was to ascertain that the material was complete. The county register was gone over to make sure that schedules for all communes and manors had been received. The commune schedules and enumerators' control lists were consulted to see whether the number of household and industrial schedules and agricultural cards, corresponded to the 1 It may be mentioned that there was, besides, one city — Mu- nich — which likewise tabulated the returns for itself. cccxxx MANUFACTURES. entries in these documents. An examination was then made to see whether the industrial schedules which were required by the entries in the household schedules had been filled out and returned. Then the contents of the inquiry schedules were inspected with reference to the completeness and consistency of the entries. Finally, on the basis of the results of this examination, the commune schedules and control lists were revised and corrected. On the average for the Empire, then, the first stage of revision was made by the enumerators, the second by the local authorities, the third by the county au- thorities, the fourth by the central governmental sta- tistical office. It was criticised severely as a deficiency of organization that three stages were designated with- out any clearer definition of what each really was to ac- complish; that the result was merely a planless repeti- tion with a considerable waste of time and money. With the final verification of the schedules by the central authorities the census taking, that is, the col- lecting of the raw material for the publication, was ter- minated. The compilation followed. Although not cen- tralized, it took place after wholly uniform principles. BELGIUM.' Early industrial censuses. — The first general indus- trial census in Belgium was taken as early as 1846, in connection with a population census.^ The forms used at that time covered the following points : (1), Principal and secondary industry; (2) average number of work- ers by sex and age (under 9, 9 to 12, 12 to 16, and over 16 years); (3) classification of the children, the male, and the female workers by wages (9 groups from less than 50 centimes, or 10 cents, to more than 5 francs, or 96.5 cents, a day); (4) motors, machines, etc. The Belgian labor office considers that this census of 1846 "affords a substantial guarantee of exactness by the methods it followed, as well as by the care taken in the criticism of the results." No general industrial census was taken in the follow- ing fifty years. The attempt in 1866 to take such a census in connection with the population census proved a failure, the returns being so deficient that the government preferred not to publish any results. Again, in 1880, an industrial census was planned ^ on ' The review of the previous industrial censuses in Belgium is based mainly on a paper of the chief of bureau in the Belgian labor office (Dr. Emile Waxweiler, Die belgische Industrie-und Gewer- bezahlung von 1896). This paper will appear in the Allgemeine Statistische Archiv,VI. Band, 1. Halb., Prof. Dr. George von Mayr, editor of the "Archiv," has kindly furnished advance sheets of the paper. 2 Statistique de la Belgique; Industrie. Recensement g^n^ral (15 X 184G) public par Ic; Ministre de rint(5rieur : Brussels, 1851. ^ Statist ique de la Belgique: Industrie. Recensement de 1880 public' par le Ministre de I'lnt^rieur et de I'lnstruction publique: Brussels, 1887. the occasion of the celebration of the fiftieth aimiver- sary of the independence of the Kingdom. The fail- ure of the attempt in 1866 was attributed to under- taking too,much, and this time the census was restricted to a number of selected industries, the workers of which amounted to about one-half of the total industrial workers of the country. This census was taken on December 31, in connection with the population cen- sus. The forms distributed to the heads of enterprises referred to the following points: (1) The personnel. Under this questions were asked, by means of a table, as to head of the concern, master, employer, directors, engineers, foremen, overseers, clerks, other salaried employees; workers over 16 years of age, fi^om 14 to 16, from 12 to 14, under 12 years; apprentices over 16 years of age, from 14 to 16, from 12 to 14, under 12 years. The heads of the columns of the table were the following: Number of males, number of females; aver- age duration in hours of day labor, of night labor; average daily wage of laborers in money, in natura (estimated in money) ; share of the profit ; total wages ; remarks. It also asked the average number of work- ers and apprentices for the working days of the year 1880. The other questions referred to (2) the motors and steam boilers (kind, power, construction) ; (3) the machines; (4) the yearly production by quantity and value. With regard to the returns of this census the statistical commission stated : Of about 30,000 schedules distributed to the industrial persons many have come back not filled out, and most of the others furnished only incomplete, fantastic, and contradictory results. These sched- ules were sent back to the industrial persons, this time accompanied by a circular which should have made intelligible to them the pur- pose of the census, etc. By this means the bureau succeeded in inducing at least a certain number of persons to give wholly or in part the desired information. But the total result of this sec- ond investigation was still far short of the result desired. * * * About 20,000 schedules, still deficient, were sent back to the com- munal authorities and delivered for the third time to the industrial persons, each accompanied by a written communication which stated the deficiencies, etc. No satisfactory result was reached through these labors which occupied four employees an entire year. The officer who had charge of editing and tabulating the returns then tried to profit from the good relations existing between him- self and the manufacturers by making long and tiresome researches in the reports of the joint-stock companies, in industrial papers, etc. In spite of such persevering efforts it has been impossible to secure complete and exact facts, and it has been necessary to supplement a great number of schedules by comparisons and average figures. Moreover, the returns of a number of industries were so incomplete that they were omitted altogether from the publication. For the same reason the returns regarding the machines were not utilized at all. No other industrial census was taken until October 15, 1896. INDUSTRIAL CENSUSES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. CCCXXXl It is this census which will be described in the follow- ing paper. ^ THE INDUSTRIAL CENSUS OF 18fl(). Origin. — When the question of taking an industrial and agricultural census in connection with the regular population census of 1890 came up for consideration, the central statistical commission,^ having in mind the failure of the industrial census of ISSO, unanimously declared that three or even two censuses should not be taken simultaneously. This opinion, which departed from the traditions of the Kingdom, was adopted by the minister of the interior, and it was resolved that, if there was to be an agricultural or industrial census, it should be taken separately and not in connection with the periodical general population census. Nothing further was done in reference to the special censuses until 1894, when tlie Belgian Parliament sug- gested taking an agricultural census. The government , acting on this suggestion, ordered such a census for 1895, and on further consideration came to the con- clusion that an industrial census was also necessary. The steadily growing importance of manufacturing in- dustries in the Kingdom of Belgium made it more and more imperative to obtain, for the purposes of admin- istration and legislation, a thorough insight into the conditions of these industries. The budget accord- ingly included an appropriation for an industrial as well as for an agricultural census. But before the plan for the former could be matured, an important change in the administration occurred. On April 12, 1895, the labor office was created, for the special purpose of examining the conditions of the working classes, and on May 25 it was annexed to the new ministry for industrj^ and labor. The task of making preparations for the industrial census naturally devolved upon this office. The work was readily undertaken, the office being con- ' The report is based mainly upon oral information secured from Dr. Emile Waxweiler, chief of bureau in the Belgian labor office, who had charge of this census; upon his paper, Die belgische Industrie-und Gewerbezahlung von 1896, mentioned above; and upon the following documents issued by the Belgian ministry of industry and labor (labor office, division of statistics, general census of manufactures and handicrafts in 1896): Arr6te royal determinant les principales regies k suivre en vue du recensement ainsi que les obligations des recens^s. Donne k Bruxelles, le 22 juillet 1896. (Annexe 1: 1. Feuillet dedepouil- lement. Annexe II: Bulletin questionnaire A, Annexe III: Bul- letin B.) Circulaire A aux administrations provinciales et communales. Bruxelles, le 20 juillet 1896. Circulaire B aux administrations communales. Bruxelles, le 20 juillet 1896. Instructions pour les commis charges de la confection des feuilles de d^pouillement (Annexe: Liste des professions industrielles et metiers exerces par les chefs d'entreprise). Instructions pour les commis charges de la confection de Bul- letin B. Instructions pour les agents recenseurs. Instructions pour les agents contrSleurs. 2 There is no central statistical office in Belgium. Each depart- ment makes its statistics itself; the central statistical office is merely an advising body. A royal regulation of March 26, 1841, states in this regard: "The minister of the interior will communicate to his colleagues the views of the commission; they are free to adopt or to modify them." vinced that a statistical knowledge of industrial con- ditions was the most important prerequisite of effective social legislation. A plan and a bill were drawn up and were submitted in the spring of 1896 to the central statistical commission, which referred the matter to a specially appointed subcommission. In this body the discussion of the industrial census was carried on for several months.^ Mean,while the census bill, accom- panied by explanations, was submitted, on June 16, 1896, to the chamber of representatives* and adopted without change. It was also adopted by the senate,^ and on June 29 the King declared it a law. In the meantime he had issued, on June 22, a "royal decree determining the principal regulations to be followed with regard to the census as well as the duties of the enumerated-" The legislation for the census. — ^The law of June 29, 1896, authorizing the census, was the following: Sec. 1. A general census of the manufacturing industries and the handicrafts will be taken in 1896 under the chief direction of the minister of industry and labor, with the cooperation of the provincial and communal administrations, and, if necessary, of the various ministerial departments. Sec. 2. The regulations to be observed in taking the census and the obligations of the individuals called upon to furnish the informa- tion deemed necessary, would be determined by royal decree. Sec. 3. Any person who fails to perform the said obligations will be liable to a fine of from 1 to 25 francs and to imprisonment of from one to seven days or to only one of these penalties. Sec 4. In case individuals refuse to conform to the regulations, the authorities may enforce these regulations ex officio at the expense of the offenders. These costs will be collected, if the case occurs, by the local administration, as are direct taxes. In view of its cost the census was ordered by a law and not by a simple decree. But the law contained practically nothing regarding the date, the methods, or the scope. All these matters were left to be decided later by royal decree. The plan of the census was out- lined, however, in the explanations accompanying the census bill. Scope of the census. — The royal decree of June 22, 1896, stated that the object of the census was to secure information in regard to two general classes of data, the first {A) referring to the industrial establishments, the second (B) to the workers. The division was as follows : Division A. (1) The nature, number, geographical distribution, and date of foundation of the manufacturing and handi- craft enterprises existing in Belgium; (2) the nature 'Cf. Ministredel'Int^rieuretdel'Instructionpublique. Admin- istration de la statistiqvie g^n^rale. Bulletin de la commission de statistique. Tome XVII. Annees: 1890 a 1896. Brussels, 1897. ^ The chamber of representatives (chambre des deputes) consists of a number of members, not to exceed one for every 40,000 inhabi- tants, elected for four years directly by general suffrage. * The senate (senat) consists of a number of members varying with the number of members of the chamber of representatives, elected for eight years, partly directly and partly indirectly. CCCXXXll MANUFACTURES. of the products of the manufactures and handicrafts; (3) the number and position of the heads of enter- prise; (4) the number of persons who participate in the direction, administration, and supervision; (5) the number of workmen and workwomen by age groups; (6) the usual daily duration of the work and of the periods of rest; (7) the amount of wages by special occupation, sex, and age ; (8) the kind and num- ber of motors used as well as the power of some of them; (9) the number and construction of steam boil- ers serving to produce the motive power, as well as their heating surface and pressure of steam. Division B. (10) The places where the laborers of the manufac- turing industries and handicrafts dwell and those where they work; (11) the number and the composi- tion of the families constituting a household of which one or several members are engaged as workers in the manufacturing industries and handicrafts; (12) the place and year of birth, the sex and conjugal condi- tion of the workers, as well as of the members of their family belonging to the same household. TJie date. — A law passed in 1856 provided that popu- lation censuses in Belgium should be taken every ten years. But it contained no provisions regarding agri- cultural and industrial censuses. In 1876 the popu- lation census was postponed until 1880 in order that it might enter into the decimal system. Reference has already been made to the industrial census of 1846 and to the attempts to take such a census in connec- tion with the population censuses of 1866 and in 1880. It was not thought advisable to repeat this undertak- ing in connection with subsequent population censuses, but when the labpr bureau was organized in 1895 it urged the taking of an industrial census as soon as possible, and it was accordingly decided to take such a census in 1896. With regard to the season of the year, it was consid- ered of fundamental importance to select a time when the great majority of industries are normally active. But for various reasons it was not thought best to choose the month of June, which is generally selected by other countries. In the first place it seemed hardly possible to complete the preparations by June of the current year, and the idea of a postponement to the year following did not meet with favor. Besides, this June of 1896 was unfavorable, because the elections took place then. It seemed, moreover, that in Bel- gium, at any rate, industries were in a more normal condition in October. A census taken in June would have had the disadvantage of omitting the important sugar industry, which in the months from October to December employs about 25,000 hands. Then there are many persons who, in October, after the termina- tion of the agricultural work, seek a livelihood — some- times, it is true, only temporarily — in some industrial pm-suit. In the country there are even industries which .are regularly suspended during the harvest sea- son, such as making of wooden shoes, and to some extent spinning and weaving. Still another reason was that the first Belgian industrial census of 1846 had been taken in October, and it was considered of interest to show the progress of the industries hj a census taken just fifty years later. The exact date of the former census, October 15, was not, however, observed; and the date finally selected was October 31. The reason for postponing the census to the end of the month was to bring it as near as possible to All Saints' Day, a time at which the activity in the cloak and garment business, the milliners, tailor shops, etc., acquires a fresh impetiis. On the other hand, it was not wise to go beyond the beginning of November, because by that time the slack season' of the building trades sets in. The 31st was selected because it came on Sunday and, since the enumerators were obliged to call upon the workers themselves, it was especially easy to meet them in their homes then or on the fol- lowing feast day. The administrative authorities. — ^According to the law the census had to be taken under the direction of the minister of industry and labor, with the coopera- tion of the provincial and communal administrations and, if necessary, with that of the various ministerial departments. The minister accordingly was charged with the issue of- further regulations and the entire direction. All the printed matter was furnished by that department. The census taking itself was done by the communes, with some slight supervision on the part of the governors of the provinces. The final verification of the schedules and the editing, classifi- cation, tabulation, and publication of the returns were centralized in the labor office belonging to the ministry of industry and labor. I. PREPARATIONS. The division of the country. — The Kingdom of Bel- gium is divided into 9 provinces (departements) , headed by governors (gouverneurs) . The 9 provinces are subdivided into about 2,000 communes, headed by mayors (bourgmestres). The territorial unit for the purposes of the census was the commune. The further subdivision of the country was left to the communal authorities. As has been indicated, the census was: (1) A cen- sus of the establishments; (2) a census of the working population. As these were taken independently of each other by a different personnel and on different schedules, they must be treated separately: (1) With regard to the census of the establishments, the royal decree ordered that the communal administrations, before September 25, 18'.)6, more than five weeks before the census, were to divide their communes into enumera- INDUSTRIAL CENSUSES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. cccxxxm tion districts (circonscription) , each containing not more than 50 heads of enterprises, as entered in the records of population. The circular A to the provin- cial and communal administrations — issued on July 20 by the ministry of industry and labor — added that in case of very important enterprises the enumeration districts were to be reduced to 40 or even 30 estab- lishments. A list was to be sent not later than Sep- tember 20 to the governor of the province, who would ascertain that no enumeration district contained more than 50 heads of enterprises, as entered in the popu- lation records. (2) With regard to the census of the workers, the royal decree directed that the communal administrations, before October 15, 1896, should divide the commune into enumeration districts, con- taining each not more than 100 "industrial house- holds," as entered on the population records. The term "industrial households" included every family in which one or several members were engaged as workers in the manufactures and handicrafts, and also every worker m manufactures and handicrafts hving alone or in a family of which he was not a member. The formation of the enumeration districts was not originally made on a territorial basis, but with regard to both censuses the communal authorities were directed to group together the blanks copied from the population records relating, in the one case, to neighbor- ing establishments, and, in the other, to neighboring industrial households. This was done so that the blanks referring to the same street in case of an im- portant commune, or to the same neighborhood in case of a small commune, were arranged in the order of the house numbers. On the basis of the blanks thus arranged, enumeration districts with stricth^ lim- ited boundaries were finally formed for both censuses. The distribution of forms. — The royal decree stated that all printed forms necessary for the census would be furnished gratuitously to the communal adminis- tration b}' the ministrj- of industry and labor. The communal authorities were to distribute these forms to the persons connected with the census taking and keep a record of the schedules as delivered. Financial preparations. — An appropriation for an industrial census was included in the budget of 1895. This was intended to cover not only the cost of the work to be done at the central office, but all the other expenses of the census taking, no charges devolving upon any other body than the central government. The total expenses amounted to about $100,000. T%e organization of the staff. — (a) The higher offi- cers: The law provided that the census should be taken under the direction of the minister of industry and labor, with the cooperation of the provincial and communal administrations, and, if necessary, with that of the various ministerial departments. (6) The enumerators: The selection of the enumer- ators devolved on the communes. (1) As regards the census of the establishments, the royal decree ordered the communal administrations to appoint a sufficient number of educated and able enu- merators ( agents recenseurs) to insure the prompt exe- cution of the work, making the selection as far as possi- ble from among the communal clerks, the teachers, the retired officials, or other persons whose present or past pursuits would qualify them for the duties of the office. As regards the remuneration the royal decree pro- vided as follows: (a) Twenty centimes (4 cents) for each schedule properly filled out.' (6) For the schedules referring to enterprises employing more than 50 workers the enumerator will be allowed a supplementary remuneration of 1 centime (0.2 cent) for every ten workers enumer- ated above 50; but the total remuneration shall not exceed 2 francs (38.6 cents) per schedule. These rates were sometimes even doubled in order to secure able enumerators. (2) With regard to the census of the "industrial households," the royal decree ordered the communal administrations to designate as agents (agents con- troleurs) "educated and able persons, chosen, prefer- ably, from among those who best know the commune or certain sections of the same." The rates of remuneration as provided in the royal decree were as follows: (o) Five centimes (1 cent) for each properly filled out schedule referring to industrial families or workers residing in the agglomer- ated parts of the communes or living in places the population of vhich exceeded 5,000 inhabitants on December 31, 1895. '&) Ten centimes (2 cents) for all other schedules. They were allowed, in addition, 2 cents for each "in- dustrial household" not entered on the population records. Special instructions were issued to the enumerators of the census of establishments and to the agents of the census of "industrial households." The royal decree stated that the enumerators and agents were to study the instructions carefull}^ and, if any point seemed ob- scure, to ask immediately for explanations. Measures for increasing the reliability of the census. — The main inducement offered for a thorough enumera- tion was payment l)j' piece. In the instructions the attention of the enumerators and agtots was especially called to the fact that they were thus personally inter- ested in canvassing their district with great care, and that in case they delivered schedules incompletely or insufficiently filled out, their remuneration would be entirely or partially withheld. To guarantee the trustworthiness of the individual canvass, measures were taken to allay possible sus- picions on the part of the people, to instruct them prop- erly, and to define their legal obligation to answer the CCCXXXIV MANUFACTURES. questions. As regards the first point the schedule deliv- ered at the establishments began with the following observation : The present industrial census is merely a repetition of the opera- tions of the same kind effected in 1846, in 1866, and in 1880. Its purpose is to make known the principal industrial conditions. It is not connected with any definite project of regulation or with any fiscal measure. The question referring to the products was accom- panied by the special remark designed to awaken even the interest of the heads of enterprises : Independently of the interest attaching to a knowledge of the products of the national industry, this question is put with the view of furnishing information to the Belgian consuls abroad and of thus favoring the exportation of Belgian products. With the same object in view the instructions to the enumerators contained the following detailed direc- tions regarding the treatment of the heads of enter- prises : You will explain to the head of the enterprise with the greatest courtesy the object of your visit; you will explain to him also that the purpose of the census is to secure general information of the manufactures and handicrafts; that similar censuses have already taken place in 1846, in 1860, and in 1880; that an agricultural census has just been taken some months ago; that in the other countries censuses of this kind take place periodically; and that it is in conse- quence of much interest for Belgian industry now to malce itself known abroad. Many persons imagine that their declarations will be published with statement of their name, occupation, etc. It is important that you dispel this mistaken idea: Only totals will be published, all the establishments of the same industry being grouped and intermixed, so that no one among them will be recognizable. You will, further- more, add that the schedules properly filled out will be put by you in a closed envelope when you come to collect them. You will especially insist on the following: The census refers to no predeter- mined project or regulation of manufactures and handicrafts, nor to any project of taxation. The object is simply to know exactly the actual condition of the Belgian industry as the actual condition of the agriculture is already known. You will do well to provide yourself with the present instructions, in order to be able, if necessary, to read the preceding section in case you meet heads of enterprises little disposed to answer the schedule. The royal decree added: It is expressly forbidden to the enumerators to di^•ulge the in- formation which they have obtained during their commission. There was, however, no legal means to punish an enumerator who might disregard this order. The onl}^ measure taken to allay suspicions in the "industrial households" is contained in the following article of the royal decree: The agents will summarily state the purpose of their calling, insisting on the fact that it does not refer to any fiscal or police measure. Nor was any special measure taken for the instruc- tion of these "industrial households." This was hardly necessary, since the agents had to fill out the schedules themselves. As regards the census of establishments, however, the schedules contained a numl)er of explanations, and the enumerators, moreover, received detailed direc- tions about instructing the heads of enterprises who were to fill out these schedules. In case anyone de- sired a schedule edited in Flemish, the enumerators were instructed to secure such at the city hall. With regard to the obligation to answer the ques- tions, section 3 of the census law said that those per- sons who failed to perform the duty of furnishing the information required from them would be subject to a fine of from 19.3 cents to $4.82 and to imprisonment of from one to seven days, or to one of these penalties. The royal decree said with regard to the census of establishments : The heads of enterprises are bound to fill out faithfully and accu- rately the schedules which will be delivered to them. They had to certify to this at the bottom of the schedule. • The general observations printed at the beginning of these schedules quoted the provisions of the law in re- gard to penalties for refusing to answer; but the enu- merators were instructed not to refer to these penalties except as a last resort. It will be remembered that the census law provided that in cases of refusal to comply with the law, its pro- vision might be executed ex officio by the authorities and at the expense of the offenders, the costs to be collected by the local administration, as in case of direct taxes. Circular A describes in detail the procedure to be followed in such cases: In case the enumerator declares that a head of enterprise refuses to fill out the Schedule A, the communal administration will dele- gate an agent of the local police to accompany the enumerator to the head of enterprise in question and to deliver to the latter, in case he persists in his refusal, a verbal protest. This protest will be trans- mitted to the court with the least possible delay. Then the com- munal administration will proceed to an investigation with a view to gathering the necessary information so as to fill out the schedule for the offending head of enterprise. This one will, according to article 4 of the law of June 29, 1896, bear the expenses of this investigation and those caused by the making out of the Schedule A. Circular B contained a similar statement in regard to refusals on the part of the head of an "industrial household," but, foreseeing that the agent might him- self be an agent of the local police, it added that in this case he himself might draw up the verbal process. As a matter of fact, these penalties were never im- posed. Preliminary investigations. — The preliminary inves- tigations formed the most important feature of the preparations for both censuses. They were based upon the population records (registres de la population). II. THE ENUMERATION. The unit of the census. — The census originally planned by the labor office was intended to be a census of the manufacturing and handicraft concerns. But INDUSTRIAL CENSUSES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. cccxxxv the desire to secure information about the social con- ditions of the industrial working population, especially the size of their families, etc., made it necessary to take at the same time a census of the industrial working population. The consequence was that the census, as a whole, was constructed upon a double basis: (1) The independent industrial concern; and (2) the "indus- trial household" — that is, the household including de- pendent industrial workers. It will, therefore, be nec- essary to show (a) what was to be considered as "industrial," both in the census of the concerns and of the households; (b) what was to be considered as "independent" in the former and, consequently, as "dependent" in the latter; and (c) what was to be con- sidered as "concern" and what as "household." (a) The law authorizing the census states that it was to cover the manufactxires and handicrafts. Accord- ing to the roj^al decree, industrial establishments were those which effected the preparation or production or distribution of goods or services for an outside con- sumer. This definition was intended to include not only the manufactures and handicrafts, as prescribed in the law, but also transportation. On the other hand, such occupations as street cleaning, the public lighting service, the burial of the dead, the maintain- ing of streets and canals, the posting of bills, etc., were excluded since these industries did not aim at the transfer, preparation, or production of goods. Since only those establishments were to be considered as industrial which worked for an outside consumer, workshops, shops, etc., where electricity was produced 'for use on the owner's premises were not to be enu- merated as electric concerns. The same was true of a bakery run exclusively for the use of a cloister, a hospice, a barracks, or coal works, and of the painters, joiners, or tin workers employed exclusively for main- taining the buildings connected with public adminis- trations (communes, provinces, ministeries, etc.). Es- tablishments such as the royal gun foundry, which fur- nishes guns exclusively for the state, were also excluded. It was evident, on the other hand, that gas or electric enterprises conducted by the commune were to be included. On the whole, the definition in the royal decree was followed, but this was not always the case. The min- ister of railways resisted the investigation of the gov- ernmental railways, which without doubt should have been included. Again, the idea of including only those concerns which were conducted on purely eco- nomic principles led to other deviations. Those clois- ters, industrial schools, governmental charity colonies, prisons, and almshouses in which goods were prepared for an outside consumer should, according to the defi- nition, have been included, but the labor office judged that as these institutions were conducted under pecul- iar conditions and not as purely economic enterprises, they would, if included in the census and enumerated MFG — Fr 1 — 07 xxii together with other establishments of the same indus- try, furnish totals not" composed of comparable units. The labor office, moreover, starting with the idea that it would be wiser to comprehend in the census talcing itself all doubtful cases and leave the question of their ultimate inclusion to be decided at the tabula- tion of the data collected, gave the enumerators only very broad and vague instructions. It simply ordered that all the " mines, works, factories, yards, or work- shops — in one word, all the industrial enterprises" — were to be enumerated, calling the attention of the enumerators especially to the fact that all the "carriage hirers, mail coach or public carriage managers, etc.," were to be enumerated, transportation being consid- ered an industry. The rule was followed for estab- lishments, whether at work or idle. The fact that analogous economic criteria were ap- pealed to in deciding the queption whether a worker was to be considered "industrial, " led to the inclusion of a large number of workers whose employers were not enu- merated in the census of establishments. That was true not only for all those who worked at home for the account of persons not industrial, but also, for example, for engineers operating the steam boiler used in the illu- mination of a large restaurant, etc. The labor ofiice here adopted the theory that this engineer, with regard to his social condition and occupation, differed in nothing from the engineer of a weaving mill, both be- longing, perhaps, to the same trade union, to the same sick union, etc. Thus all the manufacturing workers and dependent artisans had to be included, regardless of the economic condition of their employer. (h) With regard to the distinction between the heads of enterprises, the "independent" persons, and the workers, the "dependent" persons, the first of whom were to be enumerated in the census of the establish- ments, the second in the census of the "industrial households," the royal decree states: The head of an enterprise is one who with his own implements works either alone .or with the cooperation of persons paid by him. The worker is one who by virtue of an expressed or understood contract furnishes his services to a head of enterprise for a salary. As heads of enterprises and "independent" had also to be considered those who, as seamstresses, tailors, masons, slaters, carpenters, etc., worked for daily wages in the houses of private customers. All persons who at home worked for the account of another, however large might be their business, were considered dependent. The instructions to the agents expressly called their attention to the fact that the foremen were to be con- sidered as workers. (c) With regard to the unit constituting a concern, it was ordered that in case different industries were carried on in one establishment, or if the establishment had "several subdivisions which might exist sepa- ratelv," each of the different industrial subdivisions CCCXXXVl MANUFACTURES. which, "owing to its importance, niight form a sepa- rate establishment," was to be Considered as one unit. The explanations for the filling out of the schedules attempted to indicate how this was to be understood by giving the following example : In the typolithographic industry will be considered as subdivi- sions: (1) Printing; (2) lithographing (including copper plate en- graving, engraving on stone, autographing as well as zincographing) ; (3) chromolithographing (including chromozincographing) ; and (4) the workshops where special processes are carried on, such as phototyping, photoengraving, helioengraving, chromotypograph- ing, etc. In case, however, the importance of these workshops is slight, they will be assigned to that of the first three subdivisions with which they have the closest relations. This single example could by no means help to clear up the interpretation of the very vague general rule. At the same time it shows best, perhaps, the difficulty of the task devolving upon the enumerator and enu- merated, and the scope left to arbitrary decisions. The need of explicit directions was all the greater, as the enumerators being paid by unit (establishment schedule) had an interest in carrying the subdivision as far as possible. The consequence was that at some places the number of concerns (schedules) had grown enormously, while at other places the subdivision of the establishments into separate concerns had not been carried far enough. Sometimes, for instance; the number of painters who were separately counted as glaziers was very large; sometimes only painters were counted and no glaziers. Thus confusion resulted, and it was only at the revision in the central office that the proper unit could be restored. By reason of the fact that each of the subdivisions of an establishment rather than the entire concern was to be considered as a unit, all the industrial subdivi- sions of commercial enterprises were to be enumerated. The enumerators, as will be seen later on, were espe- cially exhorted not to omit these. ^ The finding of the tunits. — Since the previous indus- trial censuses in Belgium had been taken in connection with general population censuses, the methods of dis- coveriag the industrial units were closely connected with the methods of finding out the individual inhab- itants. When the new special industrial census came to be considered, it was at first proposed to take a sum- mary population census to determine both the heads of the enterprises and the workers' families, and then take the census proper by delivering special schedules ' At the tabulation, however, the laljor office decided to exclude as a matter of principle all industrial activity which is generally per- formed only accessorily to commerce: for instance, slaughtering, which is generally associated with the commercial business of the butchers; the repairing of watches and jewels, generally closely connected with the busmess of watch sellers and jewelers; the mend- ing of umbrellas and hats, which also is generally done in the corre- sponding retail shops, etc. It is believed that since in general the census was not to include commerce it would be impossible in prac- tice to include all the industrial activities of those industries, and that the including of these few cases where the industrial work is done separately from the commercial business would only give a false picture of the real conditions. to both these classes. This plan, however, involving practically the taking of a general population census, was given up for administrative and financial reasons. The idea then arose of using the returns of the popula- tion census of 1890 and grafting an industrial census upon them. The scheduler, ^-^wever, could not be found in the department of the interior, which had charge of the census. Thereupon resort was had to the local population records, which contained all the necessary data of the last population census. (1) The main basis, then, for the census of establish- ments was the "preparatory blanks," copied from the population records, in which the name, occupation, and residence of the persons classified in these records as industrial masters were entered by clerks appointed for that purpose, who also attempted to supply from personal knowledge the place of the establishment if it was separated from the manager's residence. But at the same time the enumerators also received special instructions for the discovery of those concerns for which blanks had not been made out. This com- prised cases in which owners of establishments had not been entered at all in the population records, or had been entered under wrong designations or as commer- cial persons because their main business was a com- mercial one, although a subdivision of their establish- ments was devoted to a manufacturing activity. The instructions say briefly on this point : By examining your preparatory blanks you will see what streets or what sections of commune are assigned to you., Provided with these blanks you will make in the streets of your enumeration districts a preparatory tour, which is very important from the standpoint of the exactness of the results of the census. It can happen, indeed, that workshops, perhaps even factories, do not appear on the preparatory blanks remitted to you, although they are situated in your enumeration district. It is intended by the preparatory tour to find out these establishments. In order to dis- cover them, you must observe that a small workshop or a master working at home, even without workers, are to be enumerated as well as a large mill. You will then carefully observe each dwelling place, and notice whether signs, plates on the doors, fashion plates, or announcements placed against the windows, at the ground floor, or an upper floor, etc., do not indicate that there lives in the house a person (man or woman, boy or girl) carrying on an industry or a handicraft on his own account. You will ascertain each time whether you have a corresponding blank. If not, you will note the address, so as to be able to call there later on. Notice that it need not necessarily be the head of the family who carries on the industry. You will, for instance, note also a house where the wife is tailoress and the husband official, or a house where the son is shoemaker on his own account, the father being shop- keeper, etc. You will further note the persons who, while keeping a shop or public house, carry on besides an industry on their own account. It frequently occurs, es])ecially in the cities, that a workshop is accessory to a store or shop. For instance, linen goods, clothing, millinery, hat, and shoe and stocking shops, etc., may employ work- men or workwomen; a merchant in household goods may be at the same time a lead and zinc worker; a jeweler and fancy goods shop may have a workshop where artistic work or repairing is done; a INDUSTRIAL CENSUSES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. CCCXXXVll furniture shop may possess as an annex a workshop where furniture is manufactured, etc. When you come upon shops of this kind, you will inform yourself by entering whether manufacture or handicraft is carried on within. In case it is, 't^ou will note the address. The success of this preparatory tour, which depended entirely upon the zeal of the_ enumerators, varied very much in the different districts. The total number of preparatory blanks made out for 68 larger communes (each with more than 10,000 inhabitants) amounted to 59,633. The enumerators discovered 5,289, or 8.9 per cent, more concerns. In the city of Brussels, however, where an especially large number of additional con- cerns might have been expected, not one single concern was found by the enumerators. (2) With regard to the census of the "industrial households," the entries in the population records re- ferring to the name, sex, place and year of birth, con- jugal condition, relationship to the head of the house- hold, and occupation of all the members of an indus- trial household were transcribed to Schedule B, which was then used in takiag the census proper. Accord- ingly the agent by whom the census was taken received these schedules partially filled out. The instructions to the agents merely stated that an agent in going through the streets assigned would perhaps find "in- dustrial households" for which no schedules had been delivered, and that in such cases he was to make out a schedule himself. He was reminded that he was per- sonally interested in making these researches very carefuUy, as his reward would be higher for the forms of those households which he discovered himself. This appeal, however, had not the desired effect, probably because the additional reward did not pay for the trouble of making a research for imknown "in- dustrial households," and it seems that a considerable number of them were actually omitted. The method of canvassing . — The schedule used in the census of the establishments was a book of 28 pages printed on 17 pages. At the head of each odd page was a rectangle containing the individualizing statement as to province, administrative district, commune, and- number of preparatory blank. On the page referring to the habitual duration of labor and rest the rectangle required, besides, the entry of the street and house number of the concern. The first two pages contained general observations. The inquiries *were divided into 7 sections, the first section, which asked the gen- eral information, being divided into 14 inquiries, each requiring a direct answer. The 5 sections referring to the personnel, the habitual duration of the daily labor and of the periods of rest, the wages, the motors, and the steam boilers, were to be answered in very elaborate tables, only one of which was accompanied by a model filled out. No form was prescribed for the section con- taining the inquiry concerning products, and the last section was reserved for remarks. The explanations for the filling out of the schedules were printed as notes to the individual points. Observations as to general census of manufactures and handicrafts in 1896. — The present industrial census is merel}^ a repetition of the operations of the same kind effected in 1846, in 1866, and in 1880. Its purpose is to make Icnown the principal conditions of the industry. It is not connected with any determined project of regulation or with any fiscal measure. One schedule can include only the information re- garding one single industry. In case different indus- tries are carried on in one establishment, or if the es- tablishment has subdivisions, as many schedules must be used as there are different industries or sub- divisions. With regard to mines and underground quarries, one schedule will be used for the underground work and another for the surface work. In case the establishment is in operation at the date of the census, the information furnished must corre- spond to the conditions existing at that date; in case it happens to be idle, the information will be given for the period of operation nearest to that of the cen- sus. If the head of the enterprise considers that the conditions at the date of the census are not normal, he will mention this circumstance in his answers, under the final rubric of "remarks." He will indicate at the same time and at the same place in a summary manner what would be the normal condition with regard to the different points touched by the schedule — for instance, the number of workmen or workwomen, the duration of the work and of the rests, the- wage rates, etc. In case the establishment is not in operation at the date of the census and the shut down is not purely ac- cidental, the information furnished will relate to the normal condition of the establishment when in opera- tion. The head of the enterprise, authorized representa- tive, director, or manager who refuses to answer this schedule or who does not fill it out faithfully and ac- curately exposes himself to the penalties provided by article 3 of the law of June 29, 1896, as follows: "Any person who fails to perform the said obligations will be subject to a fine of from 1 to 25 francs and to impris- onment of from one to seven days or to only one of these penalties." The inquiries. — The schedule of Inquiry A asked for each establishment (1) the kind of ownership (whether the concern was conducted by the state, province, commune, an individual, or a joint-stock company, etc.); (2) the full name of the head of en- terprise or manager; (3) his residence; (4) the princi- pal or only industry; (5) the other industries or occu- pations, if any; (6) the situation of the principal and of the other establishments; (7) the name of the prin- cipal and of the other establishments; (8) the name, CCCXXXVlll MANUFACTURES. nature, and situation of the subdivision of the estab- lishments under consideration; (9) the date of foun- dation of the entire establishment and that of the sub- division in question; (10) whether the concern was actually in operation; (11) if it were, whether the oper- ation was normal; (12) if shut down, the cause; (13) in case the operation was intermittent, the periods of work; (14) the number of days generally in operation per year; (15) the personnel by number, sex, and posi- tion (heads of enterprise, directors, superintendents, foremen, office employees, other salaried employees, workers, including apprentices) and by age; (16) the habitual duration of the daily labor and of the periods of rest of the workers by time of work (by day ex- clusively, by night exclusively, partly by day and partly by night), by special occupation, sex, age; (17) the wages of the workers by special occupation, age, and sex, and by kind of payment (by day, hour, piece, job, contract, etc.) and kiad of wages (premiums, shares of profits, etc.) ; (18) the product of the concern; (19) the nature and horsepower of the motors; (20) the system, the ordinary and maximum pressure of the steam and the heating pressure of the steam, and the heating surface of the steam boiler. In addition to notes intended to explain to the heads of enterprises the meaning of some of the questions, detailed explanations were contained in the instruc- tions to the enumerators to verify the preliminary en- tries; to complete these by filling out the schedule completely; to ascertain whether there were at the. time of the census any members of the families of the workers living in the common household who had not been entered on the schedules, and, if so, to fill out schedules; to ascertain whether there were any per- sons entered on the schedules who did not live in the families, and, if so, to scratch out their name and the other entries made for them; and to discover at the same time those "industrial households" for which no schedule at all had been made out. The enumerators also were instructed to verify with special care the statements in regard to occupations — making sure that the persons were workers in manu- factures and handicrafts, and ascertaining and enter- ing the precise nature of their occupation in case it was not already stated with sufficient explicitness. III. THE REVISION. By the enumerators. — According to the royal decree, the enumerators of the census of the establishments were to collect the schedules between November 5 and 7, to ascertain that the entries were properly made, and to have the deficient schedules filled out by the heads of enterprises. The schedules were to be put in an envelope bearing the name of the enumerator, that of the head of the enterprise, and the corresponding num- ber of the preparatory blank. These were sealed by the enumerator in the presence of the head of the enterprise and immediately delivered, together with the preparatory blanks, to the communal authority. By the local authorities. — The verification to be done by the communes was, on the whole, only formal. This ;was especially true for the census of the estab- lishments. (1) The communal authorities, after having given a receipt to the enumerators for the envelopes delivered, had to ascertain whether all the heads of enterprises entered on the preparatory blan^ had delivered their schedules, and were to require the enumerator to take the necessary steps to supply any schedule that might be lacking. If an enumerator declared that the head of an enterprise refused to fill out a schedule, he was to bring charge against the offender. (2) With regard to the census of the industrial house- holds, the communal authorities were to ascertain, by means of the records kept of the delivery of the sched- ules to the agents, whether all had been returned; to examine whether the schedules had been properly verified and completed; to secure lacking schedules, if required ; to rectify and complete deficient ones ; and, if necessary, to bring charges against the head of a working family refusing to make the necessary state- ments. In case a schedule was deficient on account of the change of residence, the communal administra- tion transferred it to the agent of the enumeration district to which the family or worker had removed. By the central authorities. — After the material had reached the department of industry and labor, it was transferred to the labor office, which had to effect the central revision. The work consisted (a) in finding out those concerns and "industrial households" for which a schedule had erroneously not been made out; (6) in finding out those concerns for which erroneously more than one schedule had been made out ; (c) in a verification of the contents of the schedules, which sug- gested the revision of the entire material of some indus- tries; and (d) in additional and sometimes very com- prehensive researches, surpassing in some respects the original scope of the census, and thus representing special investigations grafted upon the original returns. The success which attended the general revision sug- gested the idea of securing, on the basis of the returns of the census, statistics of the domestic or house indus- try. The execution of this plan necessitated the return of 10,000 Schedules A. Three agents with one chief reviser were occupied during seven months at this extra revision. A further special verification was found necessary, when, after the revision of all sched- ules, the classification of the industries was under- taken.i Finally an attempt was made to supply the ' It may be noted that no preconceived plan of classifying the industries was adopted. The classification of the industries was made on the basis of the knowledge of the industrial conditions gained at the census and only fixed after the whole material had been revised. INDUSTRIAL CENSUSES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. CCCXXXIX wage statistics for groups of workers secured through the census by a statement of the wages of all the indi- vidual workers of the entire country. Two means were adopted for this purpose : A number of Schedules A were returned with very detailed notes to the heads especially of small enterprises; and one special agent, a former manufacturer, visited every large establish- ment in the country, securing the individual wages from the lists of 1896 kept by the employers. When the special agent had completed this trip, which took three years, the whole work of revision was terminated. DENMARK. Early industrial censuses. — The first attempt to take a general manufacturing census in Denmark was made in 1871. The government desired that complete manufacturing statistics should be prepared by the Royal Danish Statistical Bureau as a basis for pro- posed changes in the customs laws. The chief of the bureau, however, had great misgivings about putting such a work into execution. An enumeration of the factories and of handicrafts carried on in the manner of a factory had alreatly been undertaken in that year, for the purpose of showing the development of industries in the towns and places of trade since the crisis of 1857; so the government contented itself with supplementing this by a corresponding enumeration in Copenhagen and the rural districts. For every single branch of industry information was secured regarding the num- ber of factories, the year of their foundation, and the number of their laborers. In 1882 a census of manu- factures in Copenhagen was taken by a local statistical bureau. But the first general industrial census in Den- mark was taken in 1897. This is the one which forms the subject of the following study: THE INDUSTRIAL CENSUS OF 1897. Origin. — The desire for a general manufacturing census, which had been steadily increasing during two decades previous to 1897, was even expressed by the manufacturers themselves. In August, 1895, the joint representatives of the Danish handicrafts and manu- facturing industries submitted a memorial requesting the ministry of the finances to take the initiative in the preparation of complete and careful statistics of indus- tries, or at least of manufacturing industries. The matter received the attention of the newly reorganized governmental statistical bureau, and on October 16, 1896, the ministry of finances introduced in the lower house of the Danish parliament' a bill providing for a handicraft and manufacturing census in the year 1897. This bill was approved by the Diet and proclaimed a law on March 22, 1897. On April 1, 1897, a circular, ' The Diet (Rigsdag) comprises an upper house (Landsting) num- bering 66 members, 12 of whom are nominated for life by the Crown, the other 54 being elected indirectly by the people for the term of eight years; and a lower house (Folketing) consisting of 114 mem- bers, directly elected by universal suffrage for the term of three years. referring to the taking of the census, was issued by the ministry of the interior to all the head officials of the rural districts and to all the chiefs of the provincial towns; and a communication of a similar content was delivered to the magistrate of Copenhagen. The legislation for the census. — The law provided that the census should embrace all the independent mechan- ics and manufacturers, and also those persons for whom any handicraft or manufacture formed a secondary source of profit or afforded a part of their livelihood. Joint-stock companies or corporations carrying on the classes of industry mentioned were to be treated as per- sons, and manufacturing concerns of the state or com- mune were also to be included. Section 3 of the law read as follows : The census shall be taken through the filling out of enumeration schedules, which will be prepared by the governmental statistical bureau and which must be approved by the ministry of the interior. They shall contain nothing about the conduct or net proceeds of the business, but may contain questions concerning such external con- ditions as the number, sex, and age of laborers, or the number and kind of motor engines, together with further questions about the wages paid, and the gross quantity and gross value of products. The last-named questions and the questions about machines must also be answered if, outside of the schedules, they are put by the factory inspectors, appointed with reference to law No. 56 of April 12, 1899, to the handicraft and manufacturing concerns subject to their inspection or to concerns of a factory-like character correspond- ing to those embraced by the factory inspection. It was provided that the schedules should be distrib- uted and collected by the local authorities in accord- ance with the more detailed regulations of the ministry of the interior. A fine of from 2 to 20 crowns could be imposed for re- fusing to answer the questions put in the schedule or by the factory inspection, in conformity with section .3, or for giving notoriously wrong information, or other- wise intentionally ignoring the requirements stated in the schedule or by the factory inspection. Moreover, the authorities could, if necessary, enforce the delivery of the requested information by imposing daily fines of from 2 to 20 crowns. It appears, then, that the law contained a few state- ments about the methods and the plan of the census, and also some indications as to its extent. But while the government thus reserved to itself the decision of the most important points, it plainly indicated to parlia- ment its intentions in the detailed commentary accom- panying the bill. Scope of the census. — The determination of the special scope of the census gave rise to great difficulties. The government did not consider it necessary, nor, on ac- count of the limits in time, money, and forces, practical to make the census for all the industries at once. It was pointed out in the commentary on the bill that foreign industrial censuses, even when very comprehen- sive, did not include everything. Some of the princi- pal industries were omitted and reserved for special in- vestigation. This was considered the more reasonable cccxl MANUFACTURES. for Denmark, because, in the field of other industries than the manufacturing, valuable statistical material was already at hand. Accordingly it was decided that the census should be merely an investigation of the handicraft and manu- facturing industries. Moreover, the idea of taking a general occupation census, as a method of getting at the industrial concerns to be enumerated, was likewise rejected. On this point the commentary on the bill says : It is clear enough that a handicraft and manufacturing census can not procure information about all the laborers who work in the service of handicrafts and manufactures, since only those will be enumerated who at the time work for employers, ^^'hat will in fact be ascertained is principally the number of concerns and trades, the large and the small, those with and those without mechanical motive power, and so on. In\estigations of the total number of laborers can only l)e made through enumerations of the individuals — that is, population censuses. It should be observed that even if such a census is taken at the same time as a manufacturing census it can not be expected that the numbers will correspond with each other, for the reason that the laborers are not usually entered under the same designation liy both themselves and their employers, and the same laborer might work for several concerns. Even in Germany such a conformity was not expected in spite of the great apparatus which had been put into operation. It is doubtful, moreover, whether a part of the domestic industrial activity in the form of the helpers' assistance and the labor of persons who do not work immediately for a master (independent business man) will not also be omitted. But an in\estigation having in view data regarding the importance of the house industry, even if the attempt should be made to secure information through the manufacturing census, can, beyond a doubt, only be undertaken by way of an "enquete" or individual investi- gation of those industries in which domestic industry bears some part. This is the method that has been followed in foreign coun- tries when it W'as especially desired to get to the bottom of these conditions. Drafting of the flan. — With regard to the drafting of the plan, the law decreed that the schedules should be prepared in the statistical bureau and approved by the ministry of the interior. Before being delivered to the ministry for approval the schedules designed in the statistical bureau were submitted to the factory inspection, with which the bureau had entered into negotiation for assistance in the census taking. The date. — Since the census was the first of its kind, there was no precedent for taking it in any particular year. The year chosen was the first after the newly organized statistical bureau could draw a plan. The law begins with the statement that the census was to be taken in the year 1897. The comments accompanying the bill add: The census is expected to be taken in 1897, and, as far as possible, in the second half of the month of May, at which time the handi- crafts and manufactures, with few exceptions, are in full activity all over the country. A definite day will be determined upon. The information to be secured through the factory inspection will be asked for in the course of the next month after the enumeration.' The date finally selected was May 25. ' It was later decidcil that tliis investigation should be made between June and <_»ctober. The authorities. — The census was entirely central- ized in the government at Copenhagen. The forms were furnished by the governmental statistical bureau belonging to the ministry of finances. The census was to be taken partly by the communes, according to instructions issued by the minister of the interior, and partly by the factory inspection. The work of revis- ing and tabulating the material was to be done in the governmental statistical bureau, assisted by the fac- tory inspection. The publication of the results de- volved upon the bureau. In the parishes the taking of the census was to be under the direction of the parish boards (Sogneraadene). In those rural dis- tricts which as regards charities and schools belonged to towns the governing body (district board, Besty- relse, Distriktsraad) was to have charge of the work; in the towns, the town council (B3rraad); and in places of trade, the communal governing body (Kommunal- bestyrelse). I. IMMEDI.4TE PREPARATIONS. The division of the country. — According to the provi- sions of the census law the census was to be taken for the Kingdom of Denmark, which includes the Faroe Islands,^ but as it proved too difficult to extend the enumeration to these islands, the census was in the end confined to Denmark proper. The distribution of the forms. — The census law pro- vided that the schedules be furnished by the statistical bureau. The printing was therefore centralized and performed in one private office. The law also stated that the further distribution of the schedules should be performed by the authorities, according to more detailed regulations of the ministry of the interior. These regulations provided that the necessary number of schedules should be sent to the head officials of the counties. As it was added that the chairman of the local boards in the rural districts and the police stations in the towns were to keep in readiness a num- ber of copies for possible need, it is to be presumed that this excess was included in the number of sched- ules the bureau judged necessary. Financial preparations. — The sum appropriated by the census law to cover expenses incurred b}' the gov- ernmental statistical bureau for the enumeration, the printing of the schedules, technical assistance, includ- ing that of the factory inspection, and the tabulation of the material, was 12,000 crowns, or $3,216 — 8,000 crowns, or $2,144, for the fiscal year 1897-98 and 4,000 crowns, or $1,072, for 1898-99. The remarks on that section of the bill say : WTiile for the last population census about 30,000 crowns, or S8,040, have been spent, it is conjectured that this special census, in spite of ils comprehensive character, can, in view of the in- creased forces iif the bureau, be effected for the sum of 12,000 crowns, The Faroe Islands are 22 in number, 17 of which are inhabited. They constitute a royal countv and are represented in the Danish Diet. INDUSTRIAL CENSUSES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. cccxli or $3,216. This amount is arrived at by an accurate calculation of the expenses for the printing and the paper of the schedules, for which it is assumed that at least a third of the whole amount will be spent. Out of the remaining two-thirds shall be paid the expenses partly for the assistance of the subordinate personnel of the factory inspection and partly for the extra work in the two years which the tabulation is assumed to occupy, without which extra work it could not be accomplished. The organization of the staff. — (a) The higher ofRcers : The census law contained the indefinite statement that the census was to be talien by the authorities, add- ing that the details would be regulated by the ministry of the interior. It mentioned, however, the assistance of the factory inspectors. The remarks accompanying the census bill stated that the statistical bureau had applied to the factory inspection for its support and had received a favorable reply.' By the circulars of April 1 the local boards were di- rected to provide for the distribution of the schedules to the industrial persons.^ - ( h) The enumerators : The choice of the enumerators was left to the communes. The only requirement in the circulars of April 1 was that in the rural districts the parish boards should elect as enumerators trust- worthy men fit to instruct the industrial persons re- garding the fUling out of the schedules. In the towns and places of trade the distribution and collection of the schedules was to be made by taxgatherers, police- men, or such other communal functionaries as were naturally best adapted for this work. The enumerators did not receive any pay. Men chosen by the communal authorities were obliged to accept the ofhce. That was the case in the towns, where officers were charged with the canvassing, as well as in the rural communes, where mostly private persons performed the duty.^ The instruction of the staff. — Neither the census law, the explanations accompanying the census bill, nor the circulars issued to the head officials of the counties contained any indication of the manner in which the enumerators were to be instructed. This was left en- tirely to the communal authorities.^ Measures for increasing the trustworthiness of the cen- sus. — No general precautions were taken in order to make the population more stable or to increase in any other general way the reliability of the census taking. '• This assistance of the factory inspection was originally planned on a rather large scale, as indicated in the census law, section 3. For practical reasons, however, the special factory statistics to be made by the factory inspection were not extended, as provid ed in the law, to those establishments of a factory-like character which were not subject to the factory inspection. As the supplementary census to be made by the factory inspection had then to cover only 4,005 factories, or 5.2 per cent of the total manufacturing and handicraft concerns, the methods of that-census will be referred to only in a few footnotes. ^ The information about the governmental industrial ci^ncerns was to be directly returned by the governmental authorities. 3 The investigation left to the factory inspection was performed by the assistants of the factory inspectors. ■* The assistants of the factory inspectors received very detailed instruction prepared for that purpose. Here, again, it was left to the communes to awaken the conscientiousness and zeal of the enumerators, who were not obliged to take any oath before entering upon their duties. The census law contained one provision which was calculated to allay suspicion on the part of the public. It stated that the schedules should not contain any question concerning the conduct of a business or its net proceeds, but that they should be restricted to questions about such external conditions as the number, sex, and age of the laborers, the quantity and kind of motor engines, the machines, the wages paid, and the gross quantity and gross value of the product. After a description of the subjects of the individual rubrics in the draft of the schedule, the remarks accompanying the census bill state in this connection : With regard to these rubrics perhaps some hesitation might arise on account of the question of wages. But no information is required here which an employer would have any intelligible reason for wishing to conceal. The statistical knowledge reached through the information is, indeed, limited — the question referring only to the wages of one week, and being asked only for class groups of laborers. Reliable wage statistics possess interest for the employer as well as for the laborer — as is shown by the reviews of wages prepared several times by the statistical bureau of Copenhagen — and a presentation of the income of the laborers can not be furnished without the addi- tional knowledge of the extent of time unemployed. The material which may come in through the schedules, therefore, can not be used immediately for a presentation of average wages in the different branches, much less for a statement of the regular yearly incomes. The remarks on the bill also emphasize the fact that this section defends the citizens against an inspection of the private conditions of his business. Moreover, in a communication concerning the census, which, in May, 1897, was issued by the governmental statis- tical bureau to the daily papers, it was said: As a census like the present is both a difficult and comparatively expensive enterprise, it is hoped and believed that the manufac- turing population, in whose interest mainly the census is taken, will 80 well and conscientiously fill out the schedules that the information looked for will on every point give a true picture of the real condi- tions. The inquiries on the schedule are so formulated as to avoid an unfair treatment of the private relations inquired into; this is also guaranteed by the regulations of the law and the approval of the schedule by the ministry of the interior. It should be under- stood, therefore, that the delivery of the information can be made without scruple and without objection on the part of the citizen. It is hardly necessary to add that it will be used for a statistical purpose only, and will not be employed in any way which concerns the taxpaying ability of the individual citizen, his other relations to the government, or his private affairs. On the other hand, the census law decreed that whosoever would not answer the questions put in the schedules or addressed by the factory inspectors, or should give notoriously wrong information, or other- wise intentionally disregard the requirements in the schedule or those made by the factory inspection, would incur a fine ranging from 2 crowns, or 53.6 cents, to 20 crowns, or $5.36. The answering could be fur- ther enforced by imposing a daily fine of the same amount. cccxlii MANUFACTURES. The remarks accompanying the census bill explain the necessity of that section of the law, as follows : A condition involved in the successful execution of the present census is that the legislature shall constrain the citizens to answer the inquiries. The facts required are not more numerous or more difficult to give than those which are often obtained without special investigation from many industrial persons. But there is no se- curity that all the industrial persons will in every case fill out the schedule in its entirety, and it will doubtless be necessary for the legislature to issue a special injunction on the point, as is done in the larger foreign censuses. In the above-mentioned communication to the daily press the statistical bureau says on the same point: The answering of the inquiries on the enumeration schedule, according to the requirements stated on the schedule — including also the answering of the questions which the law authorized the factory inspection to put — is made a duty of the individual persons concerned. Negligence on their part may result in a mulct or daily fine. But there is hardly a doubt that only, a very few will give the government an opportunity to apply these measures. It may be safely assumed that all will understand that it is to the in- terest of the individual, as well as to the general interest, that through the present handicraft and manufacturing census, material should be gathered which by a careful explanation can furnish the basis for a general view of the position of the manufactures in Denmark. The section of the law referring to the fines was printed on the enumeration schedules. But while great pains were taken to reassure the public regarding the census, and also to warn them of their liability if they failed to answer the inquiries, not much was done to instruct them in regard to filling out the schedules. The remarks accompanying the census bill point out that there were not in Denmark, as in Germany, enumerators who might' instruct the people — a measure which, it is said, would be very expensive in Denmark.^ The circular, however, that was issued to the head officials of the rural districts expressly states that enumerators should be chosen who were capable of instructing the industrial persons about the filling out of the schedules. Moreover, the head officials of all the counties were required to publish the circular sent to them. II. THE ENUMERATION. TTie unit. — It will be remembered that the idea of taking a general industrial census, as suggested by the joint representatives of the Danish manufactures and handicrafts, was rejected, and that it was decided to confine the census to the handicraft and manufactur- ing industries. The law decreed that it should em- brace all the independent mechanics and manufac- turers, including those for whom the trade or industry was only an accessory source of profit or constituted only a part of their livelihood. It was to include also the manufacturing joint-stock companies or corpora- ' It was said that the assistance of the factory inspection would be of great importance for the successful accomplishment of the census. But it must be remembered that this assistance did not take placi-' on the large scale on which it was planned. tions as well as the manufacturing enterprises of the state or the commune. The remarks on the census bill state : The persons to whom the census applies are the mechanics and manufacturers proper, including the country mechanics and owners of cloak and garment (konfektion) trades, etc., who carry on com- merce and manufactures at the same time; also the corresponding companies and corporations; and, finally, governmental and com- munal concerns. With these latter are to be included also those concerns of a manufacturing kind which are not intended to yield a profit (for instance, the communal establishments for the supply of water). The remarks accompanying the bill then define the extent and the limit of the inquiry, as follows : The schedule is to be addressed to every man or woman in town or in the country who carries on a handicraft or manufacturing indus- try independently or conducts a clothing (cloak and garment) busi- ness. This rule will therefore exclude agriculture, commerce (ex- cept the cloak and garment business), fisheries, navigation, forestry, and all the professions. On the other hand, it will include handi- crafts and manufactures proper, also the manufactures connected with agriculture but without an agricultural character, as, for in- stance, mills, dairy farms, and slaughterhouses, and as a matter of course, it will include the country handicrafts also when carried on in connection with some agriculture. The circular issued by the ministry of the interior added that establishments which, owing to the season or other causes, were not working at the time the cen- sus was taken were nevertheless to be enumerated, and that if several branches of industry were carried on by the same person, each one was to be looked upon as a unit. The instructions on the schedule said that this division was to be carried as far as possible. This latter regulation, however, was observed in the census taking only in a restricted degree, in the case of com- bined concerns where both personnel and machine power worked now in the one, now in the other branches of the combined industry. The govern- mental statistical bureau says that these combined concerns, in perfect agreement with the actual condi- tions, were to be considered as units and that the boundary chosen offered itself as the most natural from the industrial standpoint. I TJie method of canvassing. — The law decreed that the census should be taken by the use of enumeration schedules and by questions put by the factory inspect- ors. For communal concerns the enumeration was to be conducted under arrangements made by the local boards, while information about the governmental operations was to be obtained from the administrative authorities. For all other concerns the schedules were to be filled out by the independent mechanics and man- ufacturers who received them from the enumerators. The schedule itself was a sheet of two pages, con- taining in the first half of the first page a short extract from the census act and some general instructions ex- plaining the unit of the census. Then followed the questions which were continued on the second page. At the end of the second page was to be placed the sig- INDUSTRIAL CENSUSES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. cccxliii nature of the person giving the information. No explanation was given of individual questions. In most cases the answer could be made by entering a single word or by underscoring one word or figiire. But some of the information called for had to be com- municated by filling out tabular forms printed on the schedule. About the general success of the method of making inquiries in tabular form the bureau states: Easy and natural as sucli tabular work is for one who is trained in bookkeeping and in handling figures generally, it may, neverthe- less, be very difficult for one who is not so trained. When it is con- sidered that the inquiry scheduk's were to be filled out by every independent industrial person, even by the most modest village mechanic, and that the filling out was made without instruction by enumerators, it is surprising that the result on the whole proved as good as it did, rather than that failures are found in connection with a matter in itself so difficult as wages and the conditions belonging to them. The inquiries finally put in the general enumeration schedule were the following: Name of the industrial person; whether the business was a principal or an accessory industry, and in the latter case, the principal industry; in case the industrial person carried on several industrial concerns, the number of schedules filled out; further, the kind of industry; the firm name of the business; the address of the business; the time of the foundation of the business; whether it works mainly for other businesses and, if so, for which; the number of persons in superior positions — the supervision, bureau and commercial personnel, the messengers, and other inferior per- sonnel, the laborers by sex, age, conjugal condition, birthplace, and whether working at the place of the business or at home; further, the helpers of the home workers, by sex, and for idle concerns the approximate number of persons employed at the period of operation, by sex; whether machines moved by mechanical power were used; whether steam boilers without motive power were used ; horsepower of the engines used in the regular operation; workingmen by occu- pation and wages, also kind of payment. That part of the census which was to be taken through the factory inspection related principally to the quantity and ^alue of products and the number and kind of machines. It was deemed inadvisable to include questions on these topics in the general sched- ule, because it was believed that satisfactory answers could not be obtained without direct personal instruc- tion or questioning of the individuals conducting the business. The following explanation of the plan for obtaining this information through the agency of the factory inspectors is contained in the remarks on the census bill : It can not be denied that, especially for the factory industry proper, it is of gi-eat importance to know the extent of the produc- tion. But as a general inquiry on that subject could hardly be carried through, and as the most essential part of the factories and a considerable part of the handicraft concerns come under the fac- tory inspection, the statistical bureau has applied to the factory inspectors for their support in the solution of this question. It has been agreed that the factory inspectors will, for every concern sub- ject to their inspection, secure direct information about the quantity and value, of the production after rules adopted by general agree- ment and varying with regard to the method which would be most practical in every individual case. This information will be gath- ered by means of personal application to every concern under factory inspection.' At the same time information will be secured regarding the kind and number of machines. It would be hardly right to place these questions on the general schedule, as without nearer definition one could get only incomplete and confusing answers. A full state- ment on the schedules of the names of all the machines which might exist in the different industries would be impracticable and, in certain respects, secure information without sufficient interest. When, however, the factory inspection arranges and puts the ques- tions, homogeneous and valuable information will be obtained for all the concerns to which the inspectors have admission, and all that can be gained by an enumeration of machines will substantially be realized. .\s the factory inspection in certain branches of industry covers nearly all theconcerns, but in others does not touch upon ccsrtain concerns because they do not use mechanical motive power or employ children and young persons, the help of the factory inspec- tion must of course be extended to embrace the concerns conducted like a factory, i. e., with a large number of laborers or machines similar in kind to those already under inspection, even if these do not come by law under factory inspection. The additional inquiries of the factory inspection about the value of products and the machines had to do especially with the kind of product, its commercial value, its quantity, the value of repairing work or work done for others, the kind, number, and horse- power of power engines and the machines. The addi- tional inquiries about the boilers referred to the kind of industry and boiler, the extent of the heating sur- face, the working steam pressure, the place and the year of the manufacture of the boiler. in. THE REVISION. By the local authorities. — After the schedules were collected and delivered to the local authorities, in ac- cordance with the circulars sent to the head officials of the counties, it was ascertained whether all the sched- ules had come in properly filled out, and, if necessary, corrections were made. Not later than June 14 the schedules accompanied by the lists of the industrial persons and their addresses were to be forwarded to the governmental statistical bureau, directly, by the towns and places of trade, and through the authorities of the county by the rural communes. By the central authorities. — The largest part of the material of the general census was turned in at the gov- ernmental statistical bureau in the month of June, 1897, so that the comprehensive revision work could be started on July 1. Although, as the bureau states, the schedules were generally filled out with creditable care — the penal clauses being availed of in only a very few cases — and although the communal authorities had effected with much accuracy, on the whole, the work of distribution and collection, the material naturally needed to be supplemented and rectified in many " This idea was explained a little more in detail in the instruc- tions to the assistants of the factory inspection. cccxliv MANUFACTURES. points. This was done through the communes as the revision advanced. The plan had been that the governmental statistical bureau should ascertain whether the delivery of the schedules was made in a satisfactory manner, with the help of registers of firms, inventories of guilds and cor- porations, and so on. The explanations accompany- ing the census bill further added that it was naturally very important that in case of a larger and more de- veloped industry, a revision of the material be made by experts at the place itself. These experts were pre- sumed to be the factory inspectors. But, as already mentioned, their assistance was not in reality so impor- tant as was anticipated. FRANCE. Early industrial censuses. — In the years 1839 to 1845 the French Government for the first time made an official investigation of the manufacturing industries. It was restricted, however, to establishments employ- ing more than ten laborers. In the latter part of 1860, immediately after the commercial treaty with Eng- land, the minister of agriculture and commerce ordered a second investigation,^ covering all workshops and factories indiscriminately. It was not, however, taken simultaneously for all parts of the country, having been begun in 1861 and not finished until 1865. The official report states that it included only about four-fifths of all the manufacturing establishments. A census taken in 1873 ^ again covered practically the factories alone. The next census was that of March 29, 1896, which forms the subject of the following study :^ THE INDUSTRIAL CENSUS OF 1896. Origin. — The taking of an industrial census was deemed necessary in order to furnish a scientific basis for the class of industrial and social legislation which the trend of public opinion demanded and the govern- ment was assumed to aspire to grant. It was urged ' Statistique de la France. Industrie. Resultats g^neraux de I'Enquete effectuee dans les annees: 1861-1865. Nancy, 1873. - Statistique de la France; statistique sommaire des industries en 1873. Paris, 1874, reprinted with corrections in Statistique de la France. Nouvelle S^rie. Tome III. Statistique annuelle. Ann^e 1873. Paris, 1876. ^Tlre main printed source used is: Direction de I'Office du Tra- vail, Service du recensement professionnel, Resultats statistiques du recensement des industries et professions. (Denombrement grneral de la population du 29 mars 1896.) Tome 1, Paris, 1899. The introduction contains many documents referring to the census. Some further data were secured from: Direction du Travail. Statistique de la France. Resultats sta- tistiques de d^nombrement de 1896. Paris, 1899. Direction du Travail. Office du Travail. Repartition des forces motives a vapeur et hydrauliques en 1899. Tome 1, Moteurs k vapeur. Paris, 1900. Bulletin de rOITice du Travail. Le recensement professionnel en 1896 de ann(5e NOll, pa interior, of agriculture, and of finance particii)ateil/ The proposed instructions for keeping the trade records were adopted by the conference almost witli- out change and put into effect liy an order of the ministry of commerce issued July IS, ISOr^.^ These records had not hitherto been based on the organiza- tion and cancellation of concerns, but were founded exclusively upon the communications of the tax authorities annoimcing the entry, diminution, and cancellation of the trade tax vnd, in some chamber districts, of the income tax. According to the instruc- tions of 1895, the chamber? received in addition regu- lar communications reg rding the corresponding official transactions repoited liy virtue of the provi- sions of the industrial code. The Austrian legislation required that the industrial authorities be notified and a permit be obtained before a concern could be started. The dissolution of a concern was also reported to these authorities either directly or through the tax authorities. They were informed, fm-thermore, of the appointment of a representative, of the granting of a lease, and of its expiration. In case of the death of the owner they were notified of the continuation of the business — permitted by law on the basis of the old license with- out new notification — on account of the widow or minor heirs. Finally they were apprised of the removal or the rebuilding of the place of business. Hawkers were subjected to special and more rigorous legislation. Their warrant of trade was accorded for only one year: after its expiration it could be renewed for the same length of time. On violation of certain legal prescriptions it was revoked altogether. Other industries carried on itinerantly by special license were subjected to analogous regulations. By the instructions of July 18, 1895, in regard to keeping the trade records, all these transactions were to be reported to the chambers of commerce on pre- scribed blanks, which the industrial authorities were to fill out and transmit in the coiu'se of the month following the transactions in question. The blanks arranged in a card catalogue constituted the basis of the trade records. The notifications in regard to trade taxes, which were required to enable the chambers to keep their lists of voters and appor- tion the assessments, were transmitted to them as 1 Protokoll liber die im Juni 1895 zu Wien abgehaltenen Berath- ungen der Secretare der Handels-und Gewerbekammern der im Reichsrathe vertretenen Komigreiche und Lander, betreffend die Gewerbekataster und den nachsten statistischen Quinquennial- Bericht dieser Kammern. Vienna, 1895. 2 Instruction, betreffend die Fuhrung der Gewerbekataster und die Vornahme von Gewerbezahlungen durch die Handels-und Gewerbekammern. (Erlass der Ministerien des Handels, des Innern und der Finanzen vom 18 Juli, 1895, Z. 39, 628.) before and served only as a secondary basis for the records. The instructions of July 1 s provided that these noti- fications should be transmitted to the chambers by the state financial authorities. This was done bj^ sending to the chambers the quarterly reports furnished by the tax authorities and containing the single entries, increases, diminutions, and revocations of trade tax during the quarter yeai'. In those chamber districts where such reports were not made, special reports made at least quarterly by the authorities assessing taxes were transmitted. Changes in the entries of income were also to be communicated. As regards those concerns not included in the indus- trial code (for instance, banks, savings banks, credit institutions, insurance institutions, railways, steamship enterprises, etc.), but subject to the trade tax, these communications from the tax authorities still consti- tuted the main basis of the trade records. In all other cases, however, the concerns were no longer to be entered in the records at the date of the assessment of the tax, but at- the date of the granting of the trade license. The latter nearly always coincided with that of the starting of the concern. The agreement of the records with the actual state of the industries was in this way assured. Likewise withdrawal from the rec- ords did not take place at the moment of the cancella- tion of the tax, but upon the receipt of the application for the cancellation of the concern. The data in the trade tax records at the time of the change to the new method were transferred to the blanks of the pre- scribed form and incorporated in the new records. These are subject to a permanent supervision by com- parison with the records of the firms kept by the cham- bers on the basis of the communications of the commer- cial courts. Instructions of July 18, 1895, made the following provision for a simple enumeration of the recorded industrial concerns: In the year 1896, and in every fifth year following, the chambers shall make an enumeration of all the concerns entered in their trade records according to their condition on June 1, and shall submit the results not later than November 1 of the same year to the ministry of commerce. In making the enumeration a tabulation blank was used, containing in one column the "classes, groups, and names of industries," in another the "total num- ber of concerns according to the conditions on June 1." . With regard to the filling out of these blanks, the instructions contained the following regulations: In this blank the industries must be entered with the same designa- tions under which they appear in the trade records ; and only designa- tions entirely synonymous — as, for instance, cobbler and shoemaker, tailor and clothing maker — may be combined in one entry. If several different industries are combined in one announce- ment — for instance, inn and bakery, flour and saw mill — these industries must be enumerated separately. In the first of these examples one industry will then be credited to the innkeepers and cccliv MANUFACTURES. one to the bakers; in the second, one to the flour millers and one to the saw millers. Announcements which, merely to designate exactly the extent of the concern, contain an enumeration of different goods or operations, the production, sale, or performance of which form the subject of a single industrial concern — as, for instance, "production of carpets and furniture stuffs," or " carpenter and cabinetmaker," "cloth and yarn dyer," " colorer and japanner" — are not to be treated as cumu- lative announcements but as announcements of a single concern. They are to be enumerated but once. This is especially true for commercial concerns, so that such a one, however many different kinds of goods appear combined in one trade license or permit, shall always be considered as only one concern. In addition to this enumeration the combinations of industries appearing in the form of cumulative an- nouncements were to be separately enumerated in a special statement on the same blank. Finall}'- a statement was to be made out for all the cases in which two or more concerns were joined within the same commune in the hands of one and the same industrial person. The first enumeration on the basis of the new trade records was to be effected in the year 1896, represent- ing the conditions on June 1. As, .however, several chambers reported that the preparation of the new records had not yet advanced sufficiently to allow the expectation of a favorable result, the date of the enumeration was postponed to June 1, 1897. It will now be in order to consider briefly (a) what were the main defects of the material available to the chambers; (b) how they used it; and (c) how the central authority revised it. (a) TJie defects of the material.^il) The fundamen- tal prerequisite for making the enumeration was the existence of the trade records. At the date of the enumeration such records, in a more or less satisfactory condition, were kept by 26 of the 29 chambers. The three Dalmatian chambers of commerce and industry could not afford the expense and the men required for this work. (2) On account of the different sources from which the material came, it proved impossible to keep the trade records in such a state that they always gave an absolutely true and up-to-date picture of the facts sought for. (.3) Another defect of the trade records, resulting, even more than the one just mentioned, from the fact that they originated from the old trade tax records, was the insufficiency of the designations of industries. According to the reports of several chambers, 80 per cent of the total designations of industries were taken from these old records. In numerous cases the}- gave only an indefinite, sometimes even an entirely incorrect, idea of the specialty of the single industrial concern. (4) The cumulative announcements did not offer any special deficiencies other than tliose aheadj men- tioned, although, it seems that they did not always make it certain whether the concerns referred to were combined concerns, either in the sense of the indus- trial code or from the technical or economic point of view. (5) With regard to the statements to be made about the cases, in which two or several industries within the same commune were joined in the hands of one and the same industrial person at the date of the enumeration, the niajority of the chambers reported that the records did not contain evidence by which the identity of industrial persons with the same name could be deter- mined. (6) Because of the above-mentioned inaccuracy in many designations of industries, the records did not always make it possible to determine whether the con- cern was subject to the industrial code, etc., and was therefore to be included in the enumeration. (b) The use the chambers made of the trade records. — (1) The three Dalmatian chambers which did not keep trade records could not, of course, make the enu- meration required, although one of them at least tried to supply the data from other sources. (2) Several chambers stated later on that they had enumerated on the basis of their trade records some concerns which were not in business at all, or were no longer in operation at the date of the enumeration, and that, on the other hand, they had not included some existing concerns, because at the time of the enumer- ation they were not yet entered in the trade records. (3) The chambers tried by special researches to get a better insight into the specialty of the individual con- cerns for which the notification in the trade records vs^as not exact enough (as in the case of sculptors). But their attempts to remedy the faults resulting from vague statements (such as "mixed goods shop") were successful only in a few cases. Moreover, the same "designations" of industries were not always entered under the same "kinds" of the systematic register. On the whole, the classification made by the chambers did not prove to be quite satisfactory. (4) On account of the insufficiency of the records, 15 of the chambers declared it impossible to state the cases in which two or several concerns within the same commune were united in the hands of one and the same industrial person. (5) The uncertainty as to whether certain concerns were subject to the industrial code or not induced some chambers to enumerate all the enterprises found in the trade records. Others excluded from the enumeration only those which beyond doubt were not subject to the industrial code and included all the doubtful cases. (c) Venficatiitii of the material by the central au- thority .^ {I) The instructions provided that the cham- bers submit their reports by November 1, 1897; but the majority submitted their material in the spring- of 1898, and some did not send it until the summer of 189S, or even the spring of 1899; wliile, as alread}^ stated, from two of the Dalmatian chambers no material was received, so that the central authority INDUSTRIAL CENSUSES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. ccclv was obliged to dispense with their cooperation and tried to obtain the missing information in other ways. Application was made to the ministry of finances, which thereupon transmitted to the ministry of com- merce a statement made out on the basis of the mate- rial of the tax authorities in regard to those enterprises Subjected to the trade tax in the three Dalmatian dis- tricts. As one of tjie three chambers had in the mean- time sent a report made out by methods analogous to those applied by the ministry of finances, the latter's reports were used only for the two other districts. Because of these delays in the delivery of the reports, the sifting and preparatory verification of the material did not begin until June, 1S9S. The result was that from a considerable number of chambers some of the required statements were still lacking. To obtain these and to supplement others a correspondence was entered into which proved in some respects quite suc- cessful. (2) With regard to the lack of uniformity in the treatment of the different branches of industry, the central authority tried, on the basis of the tax legisla- tion, to remedy it to some degree. But, of course, researches in regard to the accuracy of the records used were impracticable. (3) In the same way the central authority, assum- ing that the chambers had done their utmost to secure exact information about the specialty of concerns entered inaccurately in the trade records, made no change in the designations. But it tried — not always with success — to rectify the lack of uniformity result- ing partly from the differing entries in the trade records and partly from the mistakes in the classification, which was sometimes too mechanical. As the Dalma- tian statements contained only ' ' kinds ' ' of industry, the register of "designations" could not be made use of there. (4) A verification of the cumulative announcements as reported by the chambers showed the necessity of a repetition of the entire enumeration of these concerns. Many designations treated as cumulative announce- ments and divided under the several industries speci- fied proved to represent but one industry, and vice versa, and the investigation by the central authority was therefore conducted entirely from the technical and economic point of view. (■5) Since only fifteen chambers made statements about the cases in which two or several concerns within the same commune were in the hands of one and the same industrial person, the central authority abandoned the use of this data altogether. (6) The elimination of the industries not to be enumerated led to various complications as a result of the lack of uniformity in the proceedings of the chambers. With regard to the bathing establishments, the majority of the chambers had given data only about those subject to the industrial code. The cen- tral authority, after making additional researches which proved to be partly successful, concluded that their inclusion would be a less serious error than their omission altogether. Analogous considerations led to the inclusion of the banking, money, exchange, account business, and the like, although they might comprise enterprises which were exempt from the regu- lations of the industrial code. On the other hand, private business agencies, not being returned by the majority of the chambers, were excluded, although under this designation some concerns may have been reported which had as their exclusive object the medi- ation of commercial transactions and should therefore have been enumerated. It follows that some concerns subject to the industrial code were excluded, while others exempt from it were enumerated. A few additional remarks may be made about the meaning of the unit which was affected by the fact that the enumeration was an enumeration of records rather than of concerns themselves. It has been seen that with a few exceptions only those concerns were enumerated which were subject to the industrial code. There being no indication in the records of whether the concerns were in operation at the date of the enumeration or not, all were treated alike. Moreover, the number of enumerated records might not have agreed with the number of really existing concerns, as one concern may have been operated on the basis of several licenses corresponding to the differ- ent branches of the industry and entered separately in the trade records, and so may have been enumerated several times. Finally the records, emanating mostly from the old trade tax records, contained main enterprises as well as branch establishments. The latter, however, com- prised mostly only such as were separate establish- ments from the standpoint of the tax legislation and without regard to the existing trade regulations. The Austrian labor office itself came to the conclu- sion that neither in its basis nor in its extent, nor even with regard to the special features to which it related, can an enumeration like that of 1897 replace an indus- trial census. The idea of taking an industrial census in connection with the general population census had been entertained as far back as 1890. Circumstances hindered its reali- zation at the population census of that year. It could not be carried into effect until 1901, the first general industrial census of Austria being planned for April 10, 1901, on the basis of the general population census of December .31, 1900. The information at hand in re- gard to this census is not utilized here, since this report restricts itself to the censuses taken up to January ], 1901. Of the other countries in Europe, none has ever taken a general industrial census or, like Austria, at- ccclvi MANUFACTURES. tempted on the basis of existing records to make an enumeration of the manufacturing and handicraft con- cerns. The purpose of the present report, therefore, seems to be fulfilled. But it may be interesting and not inappropriate to touch upon the industrial investi- gations which have been undertaken to supply the lack of a census in some of these other countries. The methods followed in making such investigations in Switzerland and in the United Kingdom will serve as illustrations. SWITZERLAND.! No general industrial census has yet been taken in Switzerland. On three occasions, however, returns in regard to the establishments subject to the factory in- spection have been collected, conforming to the same principles and referring to the same date throughout the whole country. Although these investigations were intended to cover only certain establishments beforehand, and thus can not be strictly considered as censuses, they included a very large part of the in- dustrial workers, and for that reason it seems worth while to give a brief account of the methods followed. It must be borne in mind, however, that the estab- lishments to be included were not determined by any statistical criteria but indirectly by the char- acteristics which made them subject to the factory legislation. It will be necessary, then, to state first these characteristics. The fundamental law inaugurating the factorj;- legis- lation in Switzerland was the "federal law, regarding the work in the factories, of March 2.3, 1877,"^ issued three years after the adoption of the federal constitu- tion. Section I of this law reads as follows: Every industrial establishment, where a more or less consider- able number of workers are simultaneoilsly and regularly employed outside their homes and in an inclosed place, is to be considered as a factory and subject to the provisions of this law. When there is doubt as to whether an industrial establishment is or is not to be ranged in the category of factories, the federal council decides in the last instance, after having previously taken the advice of the government of the canton.' In the main the definition given in this section of the law determined the scope of these investigations. The first took place in May, 1882,'' the motive of which was the national exhibition planned for the 3'ear 1883. In the meantime a number of regulations had been 1 Oral information was secured in the federal department of indus- try of Switzerland. 2 La loi f^d&ale concernant le travail dans les fabriques, du 23 mars 1877, comment^e par son ex(5cution pendant les ann^e? 1878 k 1899. Public par lo d^partement f^d^ral de I'industrie. Lau- sanne, 1900. (The law is erroneously dated 1887 on the cover and the title page of this publication.) ^The llelvetian eniirederation consists of 2-1 sovereign cantons. ••SdnyeiziTische Falirikslntistik, die dein ISuiiilesgeselze betref- fend die Arbeit in den Fabiiken, vom 23. Miirz IS77", unterstellten Etalilissemenle umfassend. Auf Grundlage der im Mai 1899 vom eidgennssisehen Fabrikinspektoral in den Fabriken der Sch-ivciz vorgenommenen Erhebungen, herausgegeben vom schwoizerischcn Handels- und Landwirtschafts-Departement. Bern, 1883. issued defining or specifying more precisely the scope of the term "factory." In general, everything that could be considered as a simple carrying on of manual work or small industrj^ was to be excluded. But it appears that such considerations as the danger to the health and life of workmen, the employment of children, the use of motors, the factory-like character of the method of work, the number of looms, etc., might justify the inclusion of establishments which would not perhaps come under the general definition of factory as formulated in the law of 1877. On the basis of these or other considerations the following industrial establishments were among those expressly enumerated as belonging in the category of factories: Dye works and cement works, "although largely car- ried on in the open air or at least in places not entirely closed;" straw plaiting, "although it frecpiently pre- sents itself as a simple manual trade carried on on a small scale and most often during a rather short period of the year;" tobacco and cigar mills; finishing works, "inasmuch as there is in question the industry of tex- tiles unbleached and bleached ;' ' elastic manufactories, "even if the work is done only by hand;" embroidery workshops with three or more looms, "in case the members of the family are not the only persons occu- pied;" brick works "operated with the help of motors and occupying a large number of workers;" wood carving, if "carried on in entirely or partly indosed places in which motors are used and more than 5 workers are employed;" printing works operated with motors and employing more than 5 workers; and illuminating gas works employing more than 5 workers, whether with or without motors. It was decided that mines were not subject to the factory law; that corn mills and breweries employing only adult persons who as a rule lived in the home of the employer were not to be considered factories; neither were finishing works where the retouching, cutting out, ironing, and folding of embroidery articles was done. Such were some of the principal regulations up to March, 1882, by which the establishments subject to factory inspection, and therefore included in this sta- tistical investigation, were determined. It is evident, as already remarked, that they did not start from anj^ statistical basis. They mcluded, on the one hand, xeTX small concerns and excluded, on the other hand, very large ones; for instance, all the "finishing mills," out of which, as stated in the justification of the circular or- dering their exclusion, 10 per cent employed 25 or more workers. The regulations were, moreover, so vague that they were necessarily not uniformly fol- lowed in the different cantons. In some their applica- tion was carried to an extreme; in others a larger or smaller number of establishments were omitted which it was the intention of the legislature to include. On the whole the scope of the investigation of 1SS2 in re- gard to the number of employees by sex and age (14 to INDUSTRIAL CENSUSES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. ccclvii 16 years, 16 to 18 j^ears, and over 18 years) and the motive power employed (horsepower of water, steam, gas, hot air, horses) can not claim much credit from a statistical standpoint. To secure a basis for certain legislative measures a similar investigation was made in 18SS.* Although this still presented the same fimdamental lack of any uniform statistical characteristic in the factories in- cluded, its scope was somewhat more extended than in 1882, and the application of the factory act seems to have become more uniform. The following regulations had been formulated in circulars issued by the Federal Council to the cantonal governments : The Ja«{uard weaving -svorkshops having more than 5 workers who work in one or several places lielonging to the same proprietor, must be considered as factories in case the looms are mn\e(l or provided with lead weights. If these workshops present neither of tlaese two conditions, they will be trt'ated as factories only in case tliey employ more than 25 workers. (Circular of November 29, 1884.) All the establishments and workshops for polygrapliical arts em- ploying more than 5 workers are to be subject to the law. (Circular of April 17, 1885.) The mills and breweries employing more than 5 workers are sub- ject to the law. (Circular of April 13, 1886.) This last provision was modified by the circular of September 2, 1SS6, as follows: The classification adopted in the circular of April 13, 1886, in sub- jecting to the law the mills employing more than 5 workers, is ex- tended to all the mills employing more than 2 workers who are not all members of the family of the proprietor. The investigation covered all the establishments, both in operation and idle, subject on December 31, 18SS, to the factory act and secured about the same kind of information as the investigation of 1882. The differences were that among the employees only those of less than 18 years and those of 18 3"ears and over were distinguished, and that the hot air and animate motors which had practically disappeared were no longer asked for. A question was put about the maxi- mum and minimum number of employees occupied dur- ing the year 1888, and the horsepower of the electricity used was asked for. In comparison with the two investigations of 1882 and 1888, the recent investigation of 189.5,- made on ' account of the national exhitiition to be held in Geneva in 1896, presented one essential improvement. On June .3, 1891, the following decree was issued by the Federal Council; There will be considered as factories in the sense of article 1 of the federal law regarding the work in the factories of March 23, 1877, and made subject to the same law in so far as they correspond to the general conditions mentioned in the quoted section: (a) The concerns which employ more than 5 workers and use me- chanical motors, or employ persons less than 18 years of age, or pre- sent particular dangers for the health and the life of the laborers; ' Schweizerische Fabrikstatistik umfassend die dem Bundesge- setze betreffend die Arbeit in den Pabriken, vom 23. Marz, 1877, unterstellten Etablissements. ^ Schweizerische Fabrikstatistik nach den Erhebungen des eidg. Fabrikinspektorates vom5 Juni, 1895, herausgegeben vom Schweiz. Industrie Departement. Bern^ 1895. (b) The concerns employing more than 10 workers and presenting none of the conditions mentioned under a; (c) The concerns employing less than (J workers and presenting ex- ceptional ilangers for the health and life of the workers, or those em- ploying less than 11 wcjrkers and presenting the e\'ident characteris- lies of factories. The investigation of 1895, then, covered all the in- dustrial establishments, both in operation and idle, which occupied 10 or more workers outside of their homes and in inclosed places, and, in addition, a large number of other establishments employing fewer \\'orkers. The questions were more numerous than those, put in 1888. They included the nationality of the laborers, the hours of work by the week, the neces- sary number of horsepower under the normal opera- tion, etc. Since the methods followed at the taking of the three investigations were practically the same, it will be sufficient to describe only those of the recent in- vestigation of June 5, 1895. This investigation was ordered by the department of industry with a view to preparing for the national exhibition at Geneva a description, as complete as possible, of the manufacturing industries of Switzer- land and of their development. The investigation was made by 9 factory inspectors. They had to provide the enumeration cards, the printing of which was done at different places after approval was obtained from the department of indus- try. The factory inspectors then sent these to the manufacturers, finding their addresses in the lists of factories which were prepared and kept as a part of the execution of the factory act. The establishment as entered on the list, however, was not accepted as a unit for the investigation, for in case several branches of industry, which as a rule were separate!}' conducted, were joined in one estab- lishment (for instance, spinning and weaving, a flour and a saw mill) and carried on to such an extent that each single division could very well represent an in- dependent concern; these divisions, entered in the fac- tory list as one establishment, were to be separately treated in order to secure more correct data regarding the individual branches. There was no way of compelling the manufacturers to fill out the schedules, so the success of the under- taking depended entirely on their good will. It was therefore decided to put but very few questions, and only such as the proprietor of the establishment could answer without difficulty and, if necessary, the fac- tory inspectors could verify. Nevertheless the questions were more detailed than at the former investigations. Thus the adult work- ers were subdivided into those under and those over 50 years of age. A new question regarding the na- tionality of the workers emploj^ed in the factories was introduced, on account of the constantly increasing number of immigrant workers. It also seemed desir- ccclviii MANUFACTURES. able to ask the weekly number of working hours, in view of the ever stronger agitation for a reduction of the hours of labor. It was here expressly requested that thf periods of rest fixed b)' the factory regula- tions or in the working plans should be deducted and only the actual normal working time be considered. In the question about the motive power it was this time exactly determined how many horsepower were required under normal operation and how many were available, with the water at a normal mark and with a normal use of the various kinds of motive power, reserve engines included. HUXGARY. Early industrial censuses. — Hungary, by the ac- knowledgment of its constitution on June 8, 1867, received its administrative autonomy and independ- ence from the Empire of Austria. On December 23 of the same year the governmental statistical council created at the organization of the new government elected a commission to make the preparations neces- sary for an investigation of Hungarian industries. The commission prepared a set of forms and instruc- tions, and in the following j^ear submitted an exten- sive report of its discussions, but no further steps were taken until the establishment of the govern- mental statistical office on April 18, 1871. The new office judged that, since a general account of the in- dustrial persons had been obtained by the recent population census of 1869-70, the time was ripe for securing, by a special census, insight into the condi- tions of industry. Such a census was all the more opportune because of the necessity for inaugurating industrial legislation. The statistical office submitted the forms prepared three years before by the commission of the statistical council, and proposed to take the census in the sec- ond half of the year 1871; but the same obstacle which lay in the way of former attempts, namely, the want of executive authority, again hindered the exe- cution of the plan, and the matter was dropped. It was only after the next population census of 1S80-81 that the statistical office, in view of a na- tional exposition, took the matter up again. On Feb- ruary 28, 1883, it submitted a "memorandum re- garding the investigation of industrial statistics to be made in the year 1883." The project, after being again postponed and undergoing essential changes, such as the omission of the inquiry in regard to the value of the annual product, was finally put into effect in 18S4. In the fall of 18s3 a general schedule was forwarded to each manufacturer. The inquiries referred to the kind of industry, the number of part- ners, the number of employees distinguished by age as under or o^'er 16, the number of helpers and labor- ers by sex, of appreniices, of persons employed out- side the workshops, of temporary employees by sex; also the number and kind of motors and machines in use. If the use of motive power was affirmed, a sec- ond schedule was sent, making inquiries as to the power, the oil presses, locomobiles, turbines, pressure engines, steam engines, boilers, gas motors, and petro- leum motors. The independent' millers received, be- sides, a special and very detailed schedule.^ In addition to this main census a special census of domestic or house industries was ordered in the begin- ning of the year 1884. Every commune received one schedule for each of these industries. The inquiries re- ferred to the number of persons by age — over or under 16 — and by sex; the number of looms, sewing ma- chines, or other machines; the approximate value of the total yearly production; and the season of the year during which the people were engaged. The results, however, seem to have been very deficient. The many supplementary researches and rectifications not only failed to make good the deficiencies, but were so delayed that the census does not refer to the same date, nor even to the same year. The original in- quiries were mostly answered at the beginning of 1SS4, while the information obtained through supplemen- tary researches relates to conditions in 1885. The investigations at the beginning of the seventies, as well as the one of 1884-85, had been undertaken for particular, practical purposes. In absence of any such special motives the government lost sight of the matter, and no further attempt has been made to take a special general industrial census in Hungary. But the population census of December 31, 1890, has been taken as the basis for an industrial census, and it is this census which has to be looked upon as the first general industrial census in Hungary. THE INDUSTRIAL CENSUS OF 1890. Origin. — The chief motive for securing statistics con- cerning the entire industry of the country was to ob- tain a basis for adequate industrial legislation. This the government judged indispensable. The royal Hun- garian statistical bureau believed that the statistics should be procured through a general population cen- sus, and not, as before, through a special industrial census, for the reason that the latter did not embrace the whole population, and consequently the individ- uals to whom it did applj^ could evade it. The census of 1873, it was said, failed complete!}" on this account; the royal liungarian statistical bureau itself having openly acknowledged the complete uselessness of the data obtained. It was true that the census of 1884 had been somewhat more successful, but here again 1 A special investigation of the mill industry, which refers to the ))cginning of the year 1885, was preceded f\v similar investi- gations in the >-ears 1863 and 1873 and followed, for the millen- nium exliibition held in Budapest in 1896, bv an investigation in 1H9.^>. INDUSTRIAL CENSUSES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. ccclix the failures inseparably connected with special inves- tigations of this sort could not be avoided. As the industrial census was to be taken in connec- tion with the general population census, its formal origin coincides with the history of the latter. In July, 1S89, the director of the roj^al Hungarian statis- tical bureau submitted to the minister of commerce a memorandum in regard to the census to be taken at the end of 1890. The minister of commerce there- upon requested the royal statistical bureau to draft a bill for the census. This bill was referred to the gov- ernmental statistical council/ which approved it in the main, and proceeded to consider the forms to be used in the census. The minister of commerce, in the meantime, submitted the bill to the national Diet. It was accepted by both houses practically without modification — onl;^ one word being changed — and was sanctioned by the King on March 31 and published on April 4, 1890. The forms to be used were not definitely determined upon until later. The "general instructions for the execution of the census" were issued by the minister of commerce on August 7, 1890. Legislation for the ceitsus. — The census law ordered a general population census, applying to the condi- tions prevailing on December 31, 1890, to be taken between January 1 and January 10, 1891, under the supervision of the county and city authorities. A census of public and private buildings was to be taken at the same time. It was made the duty of every person to furnish the data relating to himself, his family, his relatives, and to the inhabitants (members of his household) as required by the census schedules to be prepared by the minister of commerce. Any evasion of the census, or intentional misstatement or willful delay in answering, constituted a misdemeanor and was punishable by a fine not exceeding 50 florins (S20.10). It had been suggested that, since the fur- nishing of the data was obligatory, it would perhaps be well to include in the la'w all the questions that were to be answered. But this idea was rejected, on the theory that the execution of the census, and con- sequently the determination of the method and the formulation of the questions, properly devolved upon the executive branch of the government. Accord- ingly these details were left to be arranged by the minister of commerce, to whom the execution of the law was entrusted. The law placed at his disposal an appropriation of 200,000 florins ($80,400) for the ex- penses of the census. The law conformed closely to the one under which the census of 1880 had been taken. (In the opinion of the Hungarian authorities, not only was that 1 This is a permanent body, composed of representatives of the several ministries and of elected professional experts, with the minister of commerce as chairman. census entirely satisfactory as regards the general system adopted, but it surpassed in methods and wealth of data the foreign censuses taken since that time. Accordingly it serA-cd as the model for the new census.) But the scope of the latter was, as already remarked, broadened to cover the field of the special industrial censuses as well as that of the regular population censuses. The law, however, contained no reference to any investigation of indus- tries. The plan for that part of the census was drawn up by the assistant director of the roj^al statis- tical bureau and not sanctioned until after the law authorizing the census had been enacted. The date. — The date of the industrial census was largely determined by the consolidation with the regular population census. There is, to be sure, no general law prescribing a decennial census in Hun- gary. But there are special laws — for example, those referring to the proportion of imperial recruits to be furnished by the two countries of Austria and Hungary — which presuppose a decennial census; and as the last population census had been taken in 1880, another had to be taken in 1890. The date selected, Deceniber 31, was the same as that of the previous census and conformed to the recommenda- tion of the international statistical congress. The administrative authorities. — Although the census law contained regulations for the total territory of the Hungarian crown, the measures for its execution, on account of the independent interior administra- tion of Croatia-SJavonia, had to be approved by the governor of these countries, and a few inconsiderable changes in general instruction and in the regulations were introduced on account of differences of admin- istrative organization. It was assumed that the census forms discussed by the statistical council would be used in the whole country, but it was stated that in case certain counties wished to collect other data regarding local conditions at the occasion of the census, permission would be granted on application to the minister of commerce. According to the law the forms were to be furnished by the minister of commerce. I The census was to be taken under the supervision of the head official of the city or countj^. I In his memorandum submitted to the minister of ' commerce the director of the royal statistical bureau said that first of all it should be distinctly understood that the royal Plungarian statistical bureau was to be entrusted with the direction of the census and the editing of the publication. The working up of the material for Hungary was to be done by the royal Hungarian statistical bureau pertaining to the min- istry of commerce; for Croatia-Slavonia, by the Croatian statistical bureau. ccclx MANUFACTURES. I. PREPARATIONS, Tlie division of the country. — The census law begins ■with the statement that the census was to be taken in the territory of the countries of the Plungarian crown/ The general instruction issued by the min- ister of commerce decreed that the county or city was to be subdivided into enumeration districts, in such a manner that each enumeration district would contain from 500 to 1,000 inhabitants. But as the law ordered that the census be taken through the communal or municipal authorities, and as the com- mune (koeszeg) constituted the basis of the enumera- tion, the general instruction added that each com- mune, even if it contained less than 500 inhabitants, and also each heath (pusztak), settlement (telepek), etc., forming a separate tax commune, should con- stitute one enumeration district. The barracks and the buildings rented by the military treasury formed distinct districts. The further subdivision of the country was entrusted to the counties and cities. The distribution of the forms. — The law stated that the minister of commerce would furnish gratuitously the forms necessary for the census. The general in- structions added: Tte minister of commerce entrusted with the execution of the census law forwards the schedules and instructions to the counties, which must provide for the further distribution. After defining the enumeration districts, the head official of the county will report to the royal Hungarian statistical bureau the approximate number of inhabitants in each district, in order that tlie forms may be sent in adequate quantities. • The census law ordered, for the expenses devolving upon the government, an extraordinary appropriation of 200,000 florins, or $80,400, to be made to the minis- ter of commerce. Out of this, 50,400 florins, or $20,260, was charged up to the expenses of the fiscal year 1890. The general instructions added: The expenses for the forms necessary for the execution of the cen- sus are borne by the state. The costs for the taking of the census are to be borne by the communes. The organization of the staff. — {a) The higher offi- cers: The statistical council resolved that the general direction and supervision of the census should be entrusted to the head official (elsoe tisztviseloe-jenek) of the county in Hungary, and to the authorities of the counties and cities (megyci es varosi toervenyhato- ' The countries of tlie sacred Stephans crown (a Szt.-jstvdn korona orszagaiban) are 1, Hungary; 2, the city and territory of Fiume; 3, Croatia-Slavonia. The existing administrative subdi- vision of the country may be briefly given here. Hungary con- sists of 7 provinces (orzdgresz). Each province consists of a num- ber of counties (toerv6nyhat<5sag) which are either ordinary coun- ties (varmegyek, niegyc) or cities (varasdlc), tlie total number of counties being 63, of distinct cities 25. Likewise Croada-Slavonia consists of 2 provinces, containing 8 counties and 21 <-ities, while Fiume is composed of the city and the territt)ry of I'lume (kerne- lete). Eacli ordinary county in Hungary is subilividcd into towns (rciulestaiiaseu viirnsok), numb<'ring 106, and districts (jiirdfc), (he latter into 12,555 large and small communes (kis-^s nagykoeszegeki. sagok) in Croatia-Slavonia. This resolution, as has been seen, was incorporated Id the law. (6) The enumerators: The general instructions di- rected that the more intelligent and reliable inhabit- ants of the place or region — such as officers and ser- geants out of service, clergymen, school teachers, pro- prietors of land, lessees, economic officers, lawyers, merchants, etc. — be selected as enumerators. The town clerk (koezsegi [Koer] jegyzoe) had to take, ex officio, one enumeration district. It was considered desirable to have enumerators who were familiar not only with the language of the region in which their dis- tricts lay, but also, if possible, with the Hungarian lan- guage. In case the communal authorities, at the sug- gestion of the corresponding administrative authority (head official of the district or mayor of the town) were, for any reason, judged unable by the head official of the county to take the census, and if, also, among the above-mentioned persons nobodj^ could be found, the head official of the county was authorized to appoint other working forces. The salaries to be paid in such cases were determined by the head official of the county and borne by the communes. Special measures to guarantee the trustworthiness of the individual canvass. — Certain steps were taken to promote the accuracy of the individual returns. They were intended to allay the suspicions of the people with regard to the purposes of the census, to unpress them with the obligation of answering, to instruct them, and to awaken their interest. The nainister of commerce said in his instructions to the counties: In order that the census work may not, in any part of the country, encounter the erroneous idea that it is an investigation which might possibly lead to an assessment of new burdens or an increase of the taxes, I require the county, in case any indication of unfounded fears of this description should arise in its territory, to disperse them immediately and to properly inform the persons concerned. At the same time the law contained a provision — in- serted at the suggestion of the statistical council — which stated that the designation of the home right (that is, the right to be treated as a resident of a com- mune from the standpoint of pauper legislation) in the census schedule did not establish this risht. To oblige the public to make the required state- ments, the law decreed that whoever intentionall}^ evaded the census, or knowingly made a wrong state- ment, or deliberately delaj^ed the termination of the work, was guilty of a misdemeanor and liable to a fine not exceeding 50 florins ($20.10). With the same purpose in view, the general instruc- tions added that the house owner was to attest with his signature the accuracy and completeness of the filling out of the schedules. The general instructions stated also that the enu- nicrators and supervising officers were obliged to en- ligltten the persons concerned on the basis of the in- INDUSTRIAL CENSUSES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. ccclxi structions, explanations, and forms. In the same way the special instructions to the county officials said : The main condition of success is that the nation itself cooperates as much as possible in the census, and that the more intelligent citizens of the country participate as zealously as they can. II. THE ENUMERATION. Tlie unit of the census. — Since the inquiries referring to the industrial census were indiscriminately atl- dressed to every person, whether he was engaged in an industrial or other pursuit, and since the plan of treat- ing the industrial concern as the rmit was not regarded until the time came for working up the material, the single member of the population constituted the unit so far as the census taking was concerned. r/ic finding of tJie concerns. — As the single inhabit- ants formed the basis of the industrial census, the find- ing of the industrial concerns depended on finding the single inhabitants. The instructions for the filling out of the schedules onh- add, with regard to the finding of the single persons in each house, that the enumer- ator was to provide the house owner or his substitute with a proper number of individual schedules, and that the latter had to distribute these among the single households. TJie method of canvassing. — The forms used in con- nection with the census were the following : 1. The enumeration schedule. 2. The instructions for filling out the enumeration schedules. 3. The house schedule. 4. The general instructions for the county officers and the enumerators. 5. The district (city or county) reviews. The main schedule was the enumeration schedule. It was a single sheet, white for men and blue for women (8.8 inches long and 6.8 inches wide), printed on one side. It contained at the head the individualizing' statement (county, district, commune, heath, etc., city, ward, street, house number), and was subdivided into two parts — the left for the questions, the right for the answers, with one line for remarks. The questions were twelve in number, ten^ relating to the merely personal and two to the economic condi- tions (occupations, industry) of the population. While the former correspond completely to those of the cen- sus of 1880, the latter, which, as has been indicated, formed the basis for the industrial census, underwent an important change. At the census of 1880 their wording for the males was as follows: What is your principal occupation or your principal industry? (Are you farmer, industrial person, merchant, officer, soldier, in the navy, or in the militia?) Have you also a secondary industry, and what? What is your industrial position? (Are you proprietor of land, lessee, merchant, master, journeyman, apprentice, day laborer, serv- ant, etc.?) 'The enumeration schedule in use in Budapest contained two additional personal questions. The corresponding questions for females were: What is your principal industry? (Are you employed merely in the household, in an industry, in agriculture, etc.?) Have you also a secondary industry, and what? What is your industrial position? (Are you manager, servant, day laborer, etc.?) At the census of 1880 the returns to these questions were so deficient and untrustworthy that a revision of them was judged necessary for the census of 1890. The form of these occupation questions was the sub- ject of considerable discussion. The governmental statistical council, in the session held on September 17, 1889, considered the matter at length and resolved that it would be wiser to put only the question: "What is your principal occupation?" The expression "indus- try" was regarded as superfluous, and the inquiry re- ferring to the secondary occupation as fruitless. It was, furthermore, decided that the mention of the more important branches of occupations should be omitted this time. The statistical council started from the idea that it would be better if the statement was made as directly as possible by designating the occu- pation. This solution, however, seemed insufficient, and those who studied the question practically and minutely felt that, on such a basis, it would be as im- possible to obtain industrial statistics as it was with the questions of the year 1880. The assistant director of the royal Hungarian statistical bureau maintained, in a lecture held on March 10, 1890, in the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, that the safest way to state the occupation of the population was by putting the follow- ing six inquiries : , 1. What is your occupation or industry (office); in what branch of production, transportation, or industry are you engaged? 2. Have you a secondary occupation; and if so, what? 3. Are you independent or in a dependent position? 4. In case you are not independent, in what position and by whom are you employed? 5. In case you are an industrial person, state whether you are engaged in the factory, manufacturing, or- domestic industry? 6. In case you are not a breadwinner, a member of the family occupied in the household, or a domestic servant, what is the occu- pation of the head of the family or the household? The main object aimed at in these inquiries was to obtain a reliable and sufficient basis for a detailed industrial census. The inquiries. — The director of the royal statistical bureau had recommended that the inquiries of the year 1880 be in the main repeated. He called atten- tion to the fact that the enumeration cards of that census fulfilled the requirements of the resolutions adopted by the International Statistical Congress at St. Petersburg in 1872, and furnished the basis for a detailed demography. The only change of importance referred to the question regarding occupation and industry. The origin of these questions has already been described. A motion — made in the statistical council — to ascertain the number of factories operated ccclxii MANUFACTURES. only during a part of the year and the number of laborers usually employed in them was rejected. The inquiries on the enumeration schedule referred to (1) name; (2) day of birth; (3) place of birth; (4) place of home right; (5) religious confession; (6) mother tongue and other native language spoken; (7) conjugal condition; (8) principal and secondary occu- pation; (9) whether independent or in a dependent position; if dependent, in what position emploj^ed; if a dependent industrial person, in what enterprise or by what master employed; (10) if not a breadwinner or domestic servant, the principal occupation of the supporter; (11) whether able to write, to read; (12) whether sick, how long. (Remarks, whether blind, deaf and dumb, insane, or idiotic.)' The inquiries for the two sexes differed only in one detail. Question 10 for males was : In case you are not a breadwinner or domestic servant, what is the principal occupation of your supporter? The wording of the corresponding question for females was : In case you are merely a family member employed in tlie house- hold or a domestic servant, what is tlie principal occupation of your maintainer (husband) or supporter? III. THE EEVISIOX. By the enumerators. — The filled-out enumeration schedules of the single households were to be collected by the house owners on or before January 5. These schedules, together with the house schedule, were then to be collected by the enumerator and verified. No in- dication of the method of verification seems to have been given. The only regulation touching upon the termination of their duties provided that the enumera- tion was to be finished by January 10, and that the total census material was then to be transmitted to the super- vising administrative officer. By the supervisors. — With regard to the duties of the supervising officer, the general instructions stated that he was to ascertain the accuracy of the census, supply- ing or rectifying, on the spot, the deficiencies and mis- takes in the single rubrics and items of the enumeration schedules transferred to him. He was, moreover, to effect the verification in such a way that the schedules of at least one household in every larger house, or where the houses were smaller, the schedules of the occupants of at least three houses in each enumeration district, were verified. Supplementations and corrections were to be certi- fied by his signature as originating from him. In case the rectifications or supplementations could not be made, or if the attempt to make them met with ' The enumeration schedules in use in the city of Budapest con- tained two additional ((\iestions referring to the relationship to the hcud of the household, or the position in the household, and, in case of ;il>sence from Budapest, the duration of absence and the actual place of sojourn. opposition, the census was to be retaken under the supervision of the head official of the county through the officers to be selected by him and at theii expense. After the verification, the enumeration schedules, tied together by households and arranged by houses, with the corresponding house schedule, were to be delivered in the cities to the mayor; in the counties to the head official of the district (a j^rdsi szolgabiro), with a certificate stating the number of the schedules. By the local authorities. — The third verification was made by the mayors of the cities or the head officials of the districts. It must then be borne in mind that in the verification by the supervisors the communal divisions had already been partially disregarded, since in cases of small communes the supervisor verified the returns of several, while, on the other hand, in the cities and towns he had verified only a part of one commune. With regard to the duties of the head official of the district, the general instruction ordered that, after having ascertained by the communes the termination of the census, he should combine the first result in a single statement, the "district review." This he transmitted to the head official of the county, with the total census material, not later than January 25, 1901 . The district review had one line for each commune and for each heath, settlement, etc., constituting a sepa- rate tax commune. The headings were: (1) Marginal number; (2) name of the commune, heath, or settle- ment, etc. ; (3) character of the commune (whether it is a "large commune" or a "small commune," or a heath, or a settlement, etc.) ; (4) the number of house schedules, filled out; (5) white enumeration schedules, filled out; (6) blue enumeration schedules filled out; (7) remarks. , The towns likewise, but without making out such a review of the results, sent the census materials to the head county official. The mayors of the cities were to enter the city wards in the district reviews instead of the commimies, and, not later than January 25, send the total census mate- rial directly to the royal statistical bureau. The head official of the county, after the census ma- terial had been received from every district and every town, made out a "county review," similar to the dis- trict review, in which instead of the names of the com- mimes those of the districts or towns were entered. He was then to send the total material packed by districts to the royal statistical bureau not later than the end of January. By the central authorities. — After the material verified by the nfinor administrative authorities had come in, .and a preliminary tabulation of the occupation sta- tistics had been made, the statistical bureau selected out of the large personnel connected with it a number of the most capable. To each member of this sec- ond group of revisers an administrative district was INDUSTRIAL CENSUSES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. ccclxiii assigned, and lie thereupon proceeded to revise the preHminary tabtdation and verify the r;iw material, especially with regard to its proposed use for industrial statistics. The statistical bureau concluded that the adminis- trative authorities showed an appreciation of the pur- pose of these supplementary inquiries, recognized their intention, and — with a few exceptions — proceeded with a thoroughness and a conscientiousness adequate to the importance of the work. According to the report of the bureau, the total num- ber of industrial persons returned as employers who could not be found in the census material was, for the comitries of the Hungarian cro\vn, 2,952. This num- ber represents only nine-tenths of 1 per cent of all the enterprises. Of the 2,952 employers not found, 2,700 belonged to Hungary proper, of which 1,300 were in the capital, Budapest. Among the helping personnel there were 4,783 individuals who did not give an em- ploj-er. This number constitutes ordy 1.17 per cent of the total helping personnel. The bureau then concludes: The smallness, on tlie one hand, of the number of employers stated but not discovered, and, on the other, of the number existing but not determinable because of the lack of statements, prove the serviceableness of the new method based on the information ob- tained from the helping personnel. We can therefore, in view of the favorable result, confidently state that the method of the popu- lation census from the point of view of the industrial statistics has stood the crucial test. GKEAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. No general industrial census has yet been taken in the United Kingdom. A partial census, however, of the maniifactures, somewhat similar to the investiga- tions of Switzerland, was taken in 1871. This covered all the manufacturing establishments in which the horn's of work were regulated by any act of Parliament from 1833 to 1867.^ The inquiries to be answered by the industrial persons referred to the number of work- ers by sex and age, the number and power of water and steam motors used, the number and kind of machines, etc. The particulars are thought to have been incom- plete, owing to the difficulty of collection. The inves- tigations of the conditions of manufactures under- taken in the following decades had, like those preceding the one of 1871,^ a more or less limited scope, that of 1889-90 being the most complete. They were made in response to parliamentary calls at different times for returns in regard to some particular topic. A change in these conditions occurred only when, in a letter of March 19, 1894, to the secretary of state, the factory statistics committee recommended that — ' Factories and Workshops, Return of the number of manufactur- ing establishments in the United Kingdom in which the hours of work were regulated by any act of Parliament from 1833 to 1867; and of persons employed therein. London, 1872. 2 Cf. Factories and Workshops, Annual Report of the (liief In- spector of Factories and Workshops for the year 1896, page 135f: London, 1897, Following the precedent of .st^ction '.','.', of the coal mines regulation act, 1SS7, occupants of factories should be required to send annually to the secretary of state a return giving the numljer of persons em- ployed and the nature and amount of power in use. The reason why the factory statistics committee thought the method of annual returns from the factory occupants preferable to the former method of special investigations were given as follows : The information as to persons employed and machinery in use has actually been obtained on various occasions by means of parlia- mentary return, e. g., P. P. No. 328 of 1390, but the committee are impressed with the fact, of which they have convinced themselves by inquiry, that these returns fall far short of accuracy, largely owing to the absence of any statutory obligation on occupiers of fac- tories to furnish the information. The committee attaches a special value to the rendering of such a return, annually. Occupiers will grow familiar with it, its accuracy will become greater year by year, and the information thus made available will enable the results of one year to be readily compared with those of another, or the statis- tics relating to factories with those relating to mines. They think it better to have a complete system in regular working order than to depend on the spasmodic efforts consequent on a sudden demand for a parliamentary return. As a consequence of this request, the following section was included in the factory act of 1895: . The occupier of everyfactory and workshop shall, on or before the 1st day of March in every year, send to the inspector of the district on behalf of the secretary of state a correct return, specifying, with respect to the year ending on the preceding 31st day of December, the number of persons employed in the factory or workshop, with such particulars as to the age and sex of the person employed, as the secretary of state may direct, and in default of complying with this section shall be liable to a fine not exceeding £10. The first year to which this new requirement applied was that ending December 31, 1895. The methods followed in this and the two following years may be given briefly here.^ Applications for returns were made by post to the occupiers of the factories and workshops which ap- peared on the registers. Second applications were made to a very large proportion. For the returns referring to the years 1895 and 1896 the inspectors per- sonally made third applications to delinquents. This, however, caused them an expenditure of time seriously prejudicial to the perfqrmance of ordinary duties. For the returns of 1897, then, in place of any third attempt, the reports for the previous year were utilized in the case of firms failing to report, except where there was a rea- son to believe that there was a cessation of operation. The chief inspector of factories and workshops consid- ered that "for practical purposes the result is probably much the same as if the collection of the relatively few outstanding papers had again been undertaken by the inspectors." The applications made to separate works or depart- ments for returns covering the year 1S95 amounted to 178,000; for 1896, to close upon 200,000; for 1897, to \ more than 220,000. Second applications were sent for I ' Sources used: Factories and Workshops, Annual Report of the I Chief Inspector of Factories and Workshops for the year 1896, I London, 1897; idem, 1897. London, 1899. ccclxiv MANUFACTURES. 1S95 to more than 30,000 occupiers; for 1896, to 62,491; for 1897, to (35,000. Third appUcations were made for 1895 to more than 20,000; for 1896, to more than 24,000; for 1897, to none, for the reasons already stated, although as in the preceding years many firms remained still unreported after the second application. After the third applications 3,308 returns remained out- standing for 1895 and 7,555 for 1896. In view of this unsatisfactory result, proceedings were taken against several occupiers for failure to make the returns for the year 1897; but in spite of this, and notwithstanding the recourse to the 1896 returns for the unsuccessful second applications, there were still 6,167 left to be reckoned as outstanding for 1897. Besides these registered factories and workshops from which returns were not received all those unreg- istered and undiscovered by the inspectors were omit- ted in these investigations. Altogether the workshop statistics seem to have been far less complete than those of factories, partly on account of the omissions in the registers, partly by reason of the frequent diffi- culty in securing from the occupiers of small workshops accurate and clear statements. Commenting on the lack of information concerning the resources, industries, and products of the United Kingdom, tihe Fortnightly Review in a recent issue states : We have got the volume of our foreign trade and details more or less classified, but no statistics at all reliable as to our home industry. This fact becomes of more importance when we recollect the many deficiencies in our information with regard to our colonies and dependencies, some of which may lie briefly enumerated. A FEW OF THE SHORTCOMINGS. 1. There is no common statistical method within the British Empire. 2. There is no common statistical year. 3. There is no annual report of the trade of the Empire. 4. There is no yearbook of the trade of the South African Customs Union. There is no common report of the trade of the West Indies. There is no common system for India, the Straits Settlements, and the other Asiatic possessions of Great Britain. The information as to the Crown colonies is very deficient and lacking in uniformity. The information as to the Dominion of Canada and the common- wealth of Australia has much improved, but there is still room for amendment. 5. There is no reliable criterion of trade and production, and no means of establishing satisfactory comparisons as to the productive power of the several states of the Empire. 6. Even such statistics as we have are difficult to understand, because it is not customary to prefix a note explaining the system of valuation, of registration, of origin and destination, inclusive and exclusive of transshipment and transit trade, bullion and specie, bunker coal, etc. The following act provides for a census of produc- tion in 1908 and subsequently: [6 Edw. 7] Census of Prodiidion Act, 1906. [Ch. 49.] CHAPTER 49. Be it enacted by the King's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows: • 1. A census of production shall be taken in the year one thou- sand nine hundred and eight, and subsequently at such intervals as may be determined by an order made by the board of trade, as soon as practicable after the taking of the first census and laid before Parliament. 2. (1) The board of trade shall superintend the taking of the cen- sus, and shall, subject to the provisions of this act, prepare and issue such forms and instructions as they deem necessary for the taking of the census. (2) The expenses incurred, with the approval of the treasury, for the purpose of the census shall be paid out of money provided by Parliament. 3. (1) Forms shall be prepared for the purpose of being filled up by the persons specified in the schedule to this act with such of the following particulars in respect of the calendar year next preceding the date of the census or any prescribed part of that year as may be prescribed; that is to say, the nature of the trade or business and particulars relating to the output, the number of days on which work was carried on, the number of persons employed, and the power used or generated, and relating to such other matters of a like nature, except the amount of wages, as may be found to be necessary for the purpose of enabling the quantity and value of production to be ascertained: Provided, That — (a) If in any case it is found inconvenient to furnish such particu- lars as respects the calendar year, the board of trade maj' allow the particulars to be furnished as respects some other period of twelve months or prescribed part thereof; (6) In order to enable the board of trade to compile, as far as prac- ticable, statistics of the net value of production without duplication, the prescribed particulars as to output may include particulars as to the aggregate estimated value of the materials used and the total amount paid to contractors for work given out to them; and (c) Particulars as to the quantity of output shall not be required except in the case of articles the quantity of which is on their impor- tation into or exportation from the United Kingdom required by the official import or export list to be entered, nor shall such partic- ulars bo required in greater detail than in those lists. (2) It shall be the duty of every person specified in the schedule to this act upon receiving notice in writing from the board of trade to that effect to fill up, and sign, and to deliver in such manner as may be prescribed, on or before the prescribed date, such date not to be less than three months after the issue of the forms, the form appropriate to his trade or business. (3) The board of trade shall issue to every person required to make a return under this act the form to be filled up by him. 4. As soon as practicable after any census is complete the board of trade shall present to Parliament a report of their proceedings un- der this act, and a summary of the statistics compiled from the re- turns under this act, and from such other information as the board are able to obtain, such summary shall include a separate state- ment of the statistics obtained in Ireland, and a similar separate statement for Scotland. 5. (1) The secretary of state may, as respects any factory, work- shop, mine, or quarry, issue and collect any of the forms under this act by arrangement with the board of trade, and in such case shall have the same powers and duties for the purpose as are by this act conferred on the board of trade: Provided, That the board of trade shall not transfer its i)owers to make rules under section eight. (2) The secretary of state may, if he thinks fit, by arrangement with the board of trade, cause any statistical returns, which under any other enactment he is authorized to obtain with respect to fac- tories, workshops, mines, or quarries, to be collected at the same time, and, if convenient, onthesame forms as returns under this act. 6. (1) No individual return, and no part of an individual return, made, and no answer to any question put, for the purposes of this act shall, without the previous consent in writing of the owner for the time being of the undertaking in relation to which the return or answer was made or given, be published, nor, except for the pur- i p< )ses of a proK(.-cution under this act, shall any person not engaged in IXDUSTRIAL CENSUSES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. ccclxv connection with the census he permitted to see any surli individual return or aii\' such part of an incUvidual return, and ev(?ry person engaged in connection with the census shall be required to make a declaration in the prescribed form that he will not disclose or, except for the purposes of this act, make use of the contcnls of any such individual return or any such part of an individual ri'turn, or any such answer as aforesaid, and any person who knowingly acts in contravention of any declaration which he has so made shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction lie liable to imprison- ment, with or without hard h\bor, for a term not (>xcceding two years, or to a fine, or to both imprisonment and a flue. i2) It shall be the duty of the board of trade in preparing forms, instructions, or rules under this act, to ha\e due regard to the cir- cumstances of various trades and industries, and in particular to the importance of avoiding the disclosure in any return of any trade secret or of trading profits, or of any other information the disclosure of which would be likely to tend to the prejudice of the person mak- ing the return. (3) In compiling any report, summary of statistics, or other pub- lication under this act, the board of trade shall not disclose in any manner whatever any of the particulars comprised in any individual return, or arrange them in any way which would enable any person to identify any particulars so published as being particulars relating to any individual person or business. (4) Where it is shown to the satisfaction of the board of trade that any trade or business is carried on by any company in whole or in part by means of any one or more subsidiary companies any aggre- gate of two or more returns relating to the trade or business so car- ried on shall for the purposes of this act be treated as an individual return. A company shall be treated as subsidiary to another company for the purposes of this provision if not less than three-fourths of its ordinary share capital is held by that other company. (5) If any person, having possession of any information which to his knowledge has been disclosed in contravention of the provisions of this section, publishes or communicates to any other person any such information, he shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall on conviction be liable to imprisonment, with or without hard labor, for a term not exceeding two years, or to a fine, or to both imprison- ment and a fine. 7. For the purposes of this act the exercise and performance by a local or other public authority of the powers and duties of that authority shall be treated as the trade or business of that authority. 8. The board of trade may, after consultation with the secretary of state, make rules under this act — (a) For prescribing, either generally or as respects any particular industry or class of industries, anything which, under this act, is to be prescribed; and (b) For exempting from the obligation to make returns under this act, either wholly or to the prescribed extent, and either uncondi- tionally or subject to the prescribed conditions, any persons or any prescribed class of persons; and (c) Generally for carrying this act into effect. All rules made in pursuance of this act shall be laid before Par- liament. 9. (1) The board of trade shall appoint one or more committees, including persons conversant with the conditions of and engaged in various trades and industries, for the purpose of advising them when considering the preparation of the forms and instructions necessary for the taking of the census and the making of any. rules under this act, and in particular such of those rules as prescribe the details of the particulars relating to output and other matters to be filled in in the several forms. (2) There may be paid to the members of any such committee, as part of the expenses incurred for the purpose of the census, such traveling and other allowances as the board of trade fix, with the consent of the treasury. (3) Committees may be appointed under this section to advise the board of trade specially as regards any special forms, instruc- tions, or rules, or generally as I'cgards any class or classes of forms, instructions, or rules which the board may assign to them. (4) A member of an advisory committee shall not as such be per- mitted to see any individual return or any part thereof or to be made ac(|uaintcd with any information contained in any answer to any question put for the purposes of tliis act. 10. If the secretary of state so directs, the intervals at which returns are to l)e made under section one hundred and thirty of the factory and workshop act, 1901, may, notwithstanding anything in that section, be the same as the intervals at which a census is directed under this act to be taken. 11. Nothing in this act shall be construed as preventing the board of trade or the secretary of state from obtaining such additional sta- tistical or other information as any per.'ion maybe willing to supply, either by the insertion of additional particulars in tlie forms under this act or by the circulation of separate forms in any censal or inter- censal year: Provided, That such particulars, if inseited in forms under this act, shall l)e clearly distinguished from the particulars required imder this act to Ije tilled in. 12. If any person required to make a return under this act — (a) Wilfully refuses or without lawful excuse neglects to fill up a form to the best of his knowledge and belief, or to sign and deliver it as required by this act; or (6) \Mlfully makes, signs, or delivers, or causes to be made, signed, or delivered, any false return in respect of any matter speci- fied in the form; or (c) Refuses to answer, or wilfully gives a false answer to, any ciuestion necessary for obtaining the information required to be fur- nished under this act he shall for each offence be liable on conviction under the summary jurisdiction act's to a fine not exceeding ten pounds, and in the case of a continuing offence to a further fine not exceeding five pounds for each day during which the offence continues, and in respect of false returns and answers the offence shall be deemed to con- tinue until a true return or answer has been made again. 13. This act may be cited as a Census of Production Act, 1906. SCHEDULE. List of persons required to make returiis. (a) The occupier of every factory or workshop within the meaning of the factory and workshop act, 1901. (5) The owner, agent, or manager of every mine and quarry. (c) Every builder, that is to say, a person, who by way of trade or business undertakes the construction or alteration of a building or any part thereof. (d) Every person who by way of trade or business executes works of construction, alteration, or repair of railroads, tramroads, harbors, docks, canals, sewers, roads, embankments, reservoirs or wells, or of laying or altering gas or water pipes, or telegraphic, telephonic, or electric lines or works, or any other prescribed works. (c) Every person who by way of trade or business gives out work to be done elsewhere than on his own premises. (/) Every person carrying on any other trade or business which may be prescribed. THE INVESTIGATIONS OF THE REMAINING COUNTRIES. No general industrial census has yet been taken in Norway. But in the last decades investigations of the factories have regularly been made about every five years.' At the last investigation not only the factories proper were considered as manufacturing concerns, but ' The last published investigation referred to December 31, 1895, Norges Officielle Statistik. Tredie Rgekke No. 305. Statistik over Norges Fabriksanlaeg ved Udgangen af Aaret 1895. Udgiven af det statistiske Central Bureau. The analogous publication referring to the year 1895 contains a summary of the earlier industrial investiga- tions in Norway. ccclxvi MANUFACTURES. every industrial concern which was conducted in a factory-Uke manner and on a large scale. Concerns which, according to the general opinion were regarded as handicrafts, were not to be included. With regard to the concerns which are referred to sometimes as factories and sometimes as handicraft enterprises, according as they are conducted on a larger or a smaller scale (for instance, tanneries, dye houses, pot- teries, workshops, etc.), the following points were to be taken into consideration: Whether steam or another mechanical motive power was used, whether the manu- facture covered essentially one special branch, whether the concern was operated with a view to storing the product, whether the product was sent to other places, or whether it was restricted to the local consumption. Only establishments were to be considered, however, which employed at least three workers. Sawmills and flour mills, at which during the total year there were less than 300 labor days, were not included. Estab- lishments which belonged to the mining and smelting business were also excluded. The same was true for stone pits, boat builders' concerns, dairy farms, and cheese making concerns. In the absence of a clear definition of the concerns to be included the authori- ties made different interpretations in regard to some of the concerns which in general are considered as handi- crafts. The central bureau then had to reconstruct the unit. The material for the investigation was secured in connection with the quinquennial reports of the head officials of the counties (Amtmaendenes Femaars- beretninger) . The statements were entered on special schedules, one for each industry carried on in an estab- lishment. They were, as a rule, filled out by the pro- prietor or manager. The inquiries included: (1) Name and kind of industry; (2) ownership of the con- cern; (3) year of the foundation; (4) average number of persons by sex, by position (owners, etc., account- ing personnel, foremen, workers, apprentices, etc.), and by age (over and under 18 years), who are occupied during the period of operation; (5) number of workers by sex by different periods of the 3fear; (6) number of weeks of operation in the preceding year; (7) total number of days of labor of the workers, etc. ; (8) par- ticipation of the proprietor in the work; (9) motive power, whether steam, water, wind, electricity, gas, or hot air. The industrial statistics of Sweden are based upon data secured under the direction of the board of com- merce (Kommers Kollegium), and published in its annual reports.' The returns covering the manufac- tures and handicrafts refer, with regard to the fac- tories, to the owners by sex and hj ownership (indi- ' Bidrag till Sveriges ofBciale Statistik. D. Fabriker och Handt- verk. Kommerskollegii underdaniga Beraettelse (Stockholm). (The last report, issued in 1900, refers to the year 189S.) vidual, joint-stock companies, state or commune, others) and to the average number of workers during the period of operation by sex and age (over and under 18 years) ; to the quantity and selling value of the products; to the net proceeds according to esti- mates of the official estimators ; to the kind and power of motors and to the machinery; finally to the acci- dents which occurred in the factories. With regard to the enterprises conducted like handicrafts, the returns refer to the number of masters and helpers by^sex, and to the net proceeds according to the estimates of the official estimators. Different concerns belonging to the same owner and combined in one establishment were treated separately. Italy began in 1883 a detailed investigation of fac- tories which has now been completed. ^ The returns do not refer to the same date but vary for the 68 prov- inces within the period from 1883 to 1898. The in- quiries for all the factories related to the number of workers, their age, and the average number of labor days per year; to the motors and to the steam boilers, by kind and power. In addition to this special state- ment, statements varying according to the particu- larities of the different industries were secured througli special schedules. In Russia the industrial statistics are mainly based upon the annual publications of the office for com- merce and industry, and are intended to cover the fac- tories only. Establishments producing goods in value less than 1,000 rubles ($515) are not considered. In the last reports, however, all mills producmg less than 10,000 rubles ($5,150) were excluded. Not only the principles governing the inclusion or exclusion of establishments, but also the completeness of the re- turns, seem not to be the same in every year. The returns are exclusively based on the statements of the manufacturers themselves, who are believed, on the whole, to have understated the extent of their business and the number of laborers. Finally, Portugal = has at different times made inves- tigations of its factories. No other country has ever taken any industrial .censuses or made similar comprehensive industrial investigations. - The results have been published in single volumes for each province m: Ministro di Agricultura. Industria e Commercio. Direnone generale della Statistica. Annali di Statistica. Serie IV. Statistica Industriale Roma, 1885-1900. A second edition partly brought up to date was published for the four provinces of Piedmont m 1892 and for the eight provinces of Lombardy in 1900. Finally five single industries ha^•e so far been treated separately for the whole country. 3 The last investigation of the kind is: Ministerio das Obras Pub- licas, tommerciii Industria. Reparticao de Estatistica Direc?ao 700?°?^°'^'''''° ® indu,sl;ria. Inquerito industrial, de 1890. Lisbon, 1891, 5 vols A review of the earli(-r industrial investigation is con- tained m the coiTespondmg publication referring to the conditions \"u ij ^™'' '^^^'^'' I^'-'su^ie do inquerito indusirial de 1881. Lisbon, .looo. OHAPTEE XYII. DESCKIPTION OF GENERAL TABLES. Table 1. Comparative summary, hy specified industries: 1906, 1900, 1890, and 1880.— In this table are presented the number of estabhshments; total capital; number of salaried officials, clerks, etc., and salaries; average number of wage-earners ; total wages ; average number of men, of women, and of children; miscellaneous expenses, cost of materials used, and value of prod- ucts reported for each specified industry in the United States at each of the last four censuses. Hand trades and neighborhood industries have been omitted, but custom grist and saw mills and other neighborhood industries, reported as a part of factory industries in 1880 and 1890, are included in the figures for these years. In order that similar industries reported at the different censuses may be comparative, combina- tions have been made in names of classifications and in the statistics, while certain of the new classifica- tions have been absorbed in the older ones from which they were taken.. The totals for some industries at the census of 1905 shown in this table will not, there- fore, agree with totals for industries of the same names in other tables, and classifications not shown in Table 1 will appear. For example, the total for "foundry and machine shop products" in this table includes establishments classed in other tables as "locomo- tives," and "stoves and furnaces, not including gas and oil stoves," as given in Tables 3, 5, 9, and 11, and also in the tables by specified industries for each state or territory in Part II and in the tables of special re- ports. "Iron and steel, blast furnaces" and "iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills" are combined. " Marble and stone work " includes "artificial stone." "Lime," "cement," and "gypsum wall plaster" ap- pear. as "lime and cement." "Cheese, butter, and con- densed milk" includes establishments classed in the other tables as " cheese, " "butter," and "condensed milk. " " Shipbuilding ' ' includes estabhshments classed as "ship and boat building, wooden" and "shipbuild- ing, iron and steel." A comparison similar to that shown in Table 1 for 1900 and 1905 for the industries of the country as a whole is made for the leading industries of each state and some of the territories in the reports for the respec- tive states and the territories in Part II. In consid- MFG PT 1 — 07 xxiv ering the figures given in Table 1 and in the tables for the different states and territories in Part II, reference should be made to the remarks concerning compari- sons on pages xxxiii and xxxiv of this report. Table 2. Comparative summary, ly states and territories: 1905 and 1900. — This table is a comparative summarj^ of all industries for the states and territories, 1900 and 1905. Table 3. Ignited States, ly specified industries and groups of industries: 1906. — Statistics of manufactures, by speci- fied industries for the United States, are shown in this table in greater detail than in Table 1. They are arranged in 14 groups, according to the character of raw materials or uses of products, as explained on page cxxiv. The table presents number of establishments; capital, divided into the various items; power — number of establishments and total horsepower; proprietors and firm members; salaried officials, clerks, etc., with their number and salaries; greatest and least number of wage-earners ; total average number of wage-earners and total wages, with average number of men, women, and children, and wages for each class; miscellaneous expenses, divided into the various items and including contract work ; cost of materials used — aggregate ma- terials, purchased in raw state and partially manufac- tured form, including all other materials ; fuel ; rent of power and heat; mill supplies; freight; value of prod- ucts ; average number of wage-earners employed during each month — men, women, and children. Table 4. Manufactures, iy states and territories: 1906. — This table presents for each state and territory totals for the same items as those shown in Table 3 for specified industries. Table 5. Specified 'industries, iy states and territories: 1905. — In this table are presented for the industries, by states and territories, the same items shown in Table 3 for the industries by groups and in Table 4 for the several (ccclxvii) ccclxviii MANUFACTURES. states and territories, except that it does not give the average number of wage-earners employed during each month. The statistics for each industry corre- spond with those given for the same industry in Table 3. States or territories represented by only one or two establishments are included in "all other states," to avoid disclosing the operations of individual estab- lishments. Table 6. Oroups of industries, by states and territories: 1905. — The statistics for the 14 groups of industries, by states and territories in 1905, are given in this table in con- densed form. Table 7. States and territories, hy groups of industries : 1905. — This table gives a condensed summary for each state and territory by groups of industries. Table 8. Summary for establishments in states and territories, by character of ownership, with per cent in each class: 1905. — In this table is given the total number of establishments under each form of ownership — indi- vidual, firm, incorporated company, and "miscellane- ous" — by states and territories and for the United States, with the percentage that each kind is of the total for each state and for the United States. The total amount of capital, total average number of wage- earners, total wages, total miscellaneous expenses, total cost of materials used, and total value of prod- ucts are also given, with the percentage that each of these is of the total for each of the states and territories and of the total for the United States. Table 9. Establishments and products, grouped by character of i ownership, by specified industries and groups of indus- tries: 1905. — This table gives by specified industries and groups the value of products according' to character of ownership of the establishments producing them, whether individual, firm, incorporated company, or "miscellaneous." The number of establishments un- der each form is also shown by each group of industries and by each of the specified industries in the group. The groups are arranged as in Table 3. Table 10. Summary for establishments in states and territories, by value of products, iinth per cent in each class: 1905. — This table is a summary for establishments in each state and territory, by the value of products as re- ported at the census of 1905, with the percentages that the totals for each class are of the corresponding totals for the state or territory. The table shows the number of establishments, capital, wage-earners, wages, mis- cellaneous expenses, cost of materials, and value of products for the establishments, separated into five groups: (1) Establishments with a product of less than $5,000; (2) establishments with a product of $5,000 but less than $20,000; (3) establishments with a product of $20,000 but less than $100,000; (4) estab- lishments with a product of $100,000 but less than $1,000,000; (5) establishments with a product of $1,000,000 and over. Table 11. Establishments and products, grouped by value of prod- ucts, by specified industries and groups of industries: 1905. — This table gives, in the same way that Table 9 does for character of ownership, the totals for the United States according to specified values of products, by groups and for Cjach industry within the group. In this, as in other tables, values have been omitted wherever they would have disclosed the products of individual establishments. Table 12. Motive power, by states and territories: 1905. — The total number of establishments in the United States and in each state and territory and the number report- ing power are given in this table, with the total horse- power reported. The different kinds of engines and other motors with their horsepower — steam, gas and gasoline, water wheels, water motors, electric motors, and other kind — are given as owned, and the electric and other kind of horsepower reported as rented. Comparative tables of power in Part II should be referred to in connection with this table. Table 13. Motive power, by specified industries and groups of industries: 1905. — This table gives in the same detail as Table 12 the amount of power, by specified indus- tries and groups of industries, for the United States. Table 14. Motive power for industries showing 50,000 horse- power and over, by states and territories: 1905. — In this table motive power is shown in the same detail as in Tables 12 and 13 for industries reporting 50,000 horse- power and over. The arrangement is by states and territories. The industries are 43 in number. Table 15. Establishments grouped according to number of wage- earners and time in operation, by states and territories: 1905. — This table gives, by states and territories, the total number of establishments reporting, the estab- DESCRIPTION OF GENERAL TABLES. ccclxix lishments reporting no wage-earners, and those report- ing from under 5 to over 1,000, this in each case being the greatest number employed at anj^ one time. Establishments are also grouped by days in opera- tion, from 30 days and less up to 366. Table 16. Establishments grouped according to nuiuber of wage- earners and time in operation, by specif ed industries and groups of industries: 1905. — The same kind of information is presented in this table as in Table 15, arranged according to groups of industries and for specified industries in each group. Table 17. Comparative summary for 544 municipalities having a population in 1900 of at least 8,000: 1905 and 1900. — This table gives condensed statistics for 544 mrniici- palities, having a population in 1900 of at least 8,000, for both 1900 and 1905. GENERAL TABLES MFG FT 1 — 0( 1 (1) GENERAL TABLES. 3 Table 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1905, 1900, 1890, AND 1880. [Exclusive of Government establislunents and of outlying districts, except Alaslta, in 1905. Hand trades and nelghborliood Industries have been omitted, but istom grist and saw mills and otlier neighborhood industries, reported as a part ot lactory industries in 1880 and 1890, are Included in the figures Jor those years. t the census of 1880 salaried ofScials, clerics, etc., were not reported separately; in 1890 they Included proprietors and firm members. In 1900 and 1905, proprietors ad Arm members were reported separately, but are not included in this table. In 1880 miscellaneous expenses were not reported. The group number indicates the roup to which the industry is assigned in Table 9.] 14 14 Agricultural implements Ammunition. 14 12 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1S90 Artificial feathers and flowers. Art Lficial limbs. Artists' materials ' . Automobiles '. Awnings, tents, and sails ^ Axle grease. 10 10 Babbitt metal and solder Bags, other than paper* Bags, paper. Baking and yeast pow- ders. Baskets, and rattan and willow ware. ^ Beet sugars. Bells. Belting and hose, leather. Belting and hose, Unen . . 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1906 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1906 1900 1890 1905 1900 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 Capital. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC, Num- ber. 648 715 910 1,943 32 33 35 4 213 224 251 174 104 87 59 33 28 21 .39 178 57 390 340 581 151 25 29 31 16 75 51 36 164 191 150 110 4.54 403 304 61 30 21 23 22 20 117 104 20 S196, 740, TOO 7, 199 157,707,951,, 10,046 146,313,997 3,717 62, 109, lies 12,116 996, 6, 719 (LSI 4,368.62911 824, 000 j 2,567 648, 3,632 7S» 3,0S1 828 1, 253, 050 442 266! 875, 770 376, 7361 361, 460 23, 083, 860 5,768,857 4,793,130 3,536,880 3,063,009 522, 700 608,201 577, 196 451,228 372,600 4,128,645 3,115,668 964,654 73., 100 12, 387, 069 7, 418, 422 9, 347, 787 4,917,400 11, 441, 383| 6,917,0411 2,321,7971 1,304,700 13,232,639 8, 337, 723 3, 587, 919 1, 350, 600 3, 600, 243 2,844,340 2, 702, 713 1,862,917 ,55,923,459 20,141,719 365,000 881,634 1,038,305 590,420 793, 120 10, 786, 245 7, 408, 219 4,973,420 2, 748, 799 2,668,377 526,059 795, 909 10,000 204 109 281 286 478 115 290, 104 ; 81 186, 896 82, 60O Salaries. $7, 672, 646 8, 363, 210 3, 704, 667 68 32 64 1,181 268 632 416 737 243 145 88 632 336 285 360 340 182 766 749 426 236 182 429 763 350 614 443 279 102 34 19 591,602 370, 668 140, 531 231,836 291, 449 565, 279 Average number. 87, 970 57,661 86, 932 WAGE-EAllNERS AND WAGES. Total. 67, 199 37, 868i 63, 145i I ,257,259 294, 770j 606, 76o' 324, 603' 625, 606 56, 446' 82,966, 73, 467! 264, 9951 172, 423 103, 946 601, 684! 379, 455' 317,385 406,056 369, 100 180,378 938, 771 835,281 426,889 202,602 139, 721 265, 114 1,004,636 366, 675 53, 514 62,382 43.447 787, 319 484, 874 334, 139 176,674 43,932, 29, 8421 Wages. 47, 394 46, ,582 38, 827 39,580 7,410 5,231 2,158 1,066 4,343 5,331 6,357 4,342 342 249 162 72 274 200 242 12,049 2,241 3,432 3,335 3,135 1,268 119 127 126 72 669 635 173 44 5,722 ' 3,922 6, 633 5, 451 2,473 1, """ 1,200 1,569 2,449 1,""" 1,441 1,042 5,106 4,217 3,303 3,119 3,963 1,970 360 630 663 372 773 2,092 1,667 1,342 1,227 692 264 273 10 $2,5,002,650 22, 450, — 18,107,094 15, 369, 610 4,032,310 2,660,954 969, 951 361, 778 1,396,817 1,661,403 2, 126, 906 1,081,040 221,913 146,620 102,438 43,833 136, 668 79, 267 102, 196 7,158,958 1,320,658 1, 757, 466 1, 568, 503 1,681,729 334, 463 61, 698 56, 238 61, 642 41,407 337, 507 294, 584 84,283 18,745 1, 828, 626 1, 102, 308 2,049,839 1,603,786 930, 171 628,033 399,714 439,620 1,041,606 717,000 574, 241 466,252 1,730,932 1,212,999 1,004,021 667, 405 2, 486, 702 1,092,207 62, 271 253,188 307, 991 193, 780 280,169 1, 164, 548 913, 877 780, 615 606, 087 252,061 64, 102 123, 524 4,600 Average number. Men 16 years and over. 46,631 46, 174 38, 327 38,313 4,836 3, 163 1,,381 604 671 979 650 321 234 151 71 188 120 210 11, 937 2,231 1,973 1,"" 1,979 526 104 111 113 67 639 630 170 44 1,959 1,211 2,""" 2,506 1,286 1,026 536 546 1,176 959 873 660 3,828 3,002 2,355 1,976 3,928 1,961 360 462 693 355 670 2,014 1,605 1,286 1,138 223 65 101 10 Women 16 years and over. .579 214 288 73 2,522 2,028 764 663 3,646 4,191 6,319 3,577 14 11 4 76 74 23 40 4 1,422 1,425 1,133 699 14 16 29 4 3. 3,418 2,-' 3,347 2,129 1,120 945 663 1,238 946 543 326 1,072 897 657 562 10 4 Chil- dren under 16 184 194 212 1,194 62 40 23 15 59 215 36 39 444 184 168 346 148 394 817 68 18 11 140 33 25 66 206 318 291 691 25 15 Miscella- neous ex- penses. 515, 178, 1 11,394,656 11, 129, 548 2,963,030 1,078,803 292, 856 470, 200 404, 751 320, 446 198, 173 92, ,326 40,170 118, 946 29, 418 45,400 1,266,154 281, 129 687, 607 359, 157 325,853 206, 224 67, 50, 158 492, 540 182, 246 49, 866 1,721,467 642, 757 469, 161 Cost of materials used. $48,281,406 43,944,628 31,603,265 31,531,170 10, 600, 929 7, 436, 748 2, 759, 782 1, 223, 452 2,014,380 2, 763, 337 4,645,850 2, 444, 418 136. 645 126, 062 93, 795 31, 370 4,942,676 2, 432, 306 705, 991 379, 722 164, 893 250, 471 1,999,655 441,384 76, 512 97,265 36, 668 1,263,294 418,090 268, 278 362,048 64,802 46,332 687, 249, 190, 13,151, 1,804, 6,669, 5,227, 4,160, 1,230, 368,074 360, 411 401,897 209,152 10, 863, 752 7,998,369 2,385,894 214, 193 30,768,040 16, 438, 576 15, 178, 266 10,085,787 4,027 6,694,976 264, 733 4, 499, 416 216, 584 3, 167, 717 3,037,319 Value ol products, including custom work and repairing. 8,940,076 7, 126, 967 4, 273, 796 3,333,868 1, 803, 290 1, 334, 528 1, 398, 483 867,031 14, 486, 876 4, 803, 796 186, 128 463,377 602, 856 389, 701 525, 175 9, 317, 206 7,499,952 6, 132, 704 6,019,863 1,697,515 462,430 427, 865 12,000 $112,007,344 101,207,428 81,271,661 68, 640, 488 19,9,30,821 13,027,635 6, 538, 959 1,904,966 6, 246, 822 6,293,235 9,078,683 4,879,324- 883,731 749,854 475,977 137,024 1,139,353 497,046 531,785 30, 033, 536 4,748,011 11,269.170 9, 143, 604 7,829,003 1,968,942 879, 4f 3 718,114 846, 4.59 365,048 13, 099, 838 9, 191, 409 2, 905, 102 262, 960 37,399,087 19,662,086 20, 207, 805 13, 238, 263 10,086,863 6, 799, 425 6,023,793 4,112,660 19,042,521 14, 568, 380 7, 406, 806 4, 760, 598 6, 187, 263 3, 636, 464 3, 633,. 592 1, 992, 86i 24, 393, 794 7,323,857 282, 672 1,000,220 1, 247, 730 823,010 1,065,824 14,220,306 10,622,622 8,633,634 6, 525, 737 2,836,699 717, 137 777,942 23,000 !Include?6'?e°stSishmentf'ta°?9M°^^^ as "automobile bodies and parts." No reports received lor this mdustry in 1880 and 1890; in 1900 it was tocluded "carriages and wagons," and was segregated for purposes ol comparison with 1905. 8 Tnplnrtpq custom and neighborhood shops in 1880 and 1890. 'iSdSdelie estSilishments in 1890 and 27 in 1880 reported as "bagging, flax, hemp, and jute," and 64 in 1890 and 37m 1880 reported as "bags, other thanpaper." sinchided to " all other industries," in 1890. Reported as " sugar and molasses, beet," in 1880, 1890, and 1900. MANUFACTURES. Table 1. -COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1905, 1900, 1890, AND 1880— Continued. 14 12 14 10 10 10 10 nrousTET. Belting and hose, rubber. Bicycles and tricycles i . . . Billiard tables and mate- rials. Blacking. Bluing. Bone, ivory, and lamp black. Bookbinding and blank book maldng. Boot and shoe cut stock. Boot and shoe findings.. Boot and shoe uppers. . . Boots and shoes. Boots and shoes, rubber. . Boxes, cigar. Boxes, fancy and paper. . Boxes, wooden packing. Brass '. . Brass and copper, rolled. Brass castings and brass finishing. Braasware. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 19 18 17 2 101 312 27 48 74 67 46 138 121 71 48 66 65 53 23 25 15 24 18 908 954 290 342 344 172 214 186 138 135 75 126 317 81 1,316 1,699 2,082 1,959 22 22 297 315 291 221 798 729 1,023 892 636 602 12 10 14 26 22 16 26 620 439 463 396 229 203 113 20 Capital. $13,240,273 5, 493, 885 6,270,068 265,000 5,883,458 29, 783, 659 2,058,072 1,617,562 883,801 1, 456, 624 1,078,169 3, 156, 475 2, 718, 604 1,403,087 494, 625 569, 535 415,119 184, 472 178,660 1,663,143 782.247 1,627,651 627,360 16,904,883 12, 744, 628 10,062,034 6,798,671 9,860,007 7,003,080 6,401,834 1,210,300 4, 144, 606 3,277,958 1,793,123 770,800 281,096 262, 881 1,216,026 209,264 122,626,093 99,819,233 95,282,311 42,994,028 39,441,826 33,667,533 17,790,970 2,425,000 4,467,452 3,288,272 3,374,451 1,023,777 22,690,766 14,979,305 9,277,973 2,496,496 39,543,096 21,939,307 13,018,456 5,304,212 215,431 603,367 1,208,619 32,942,594 20,437,236 8,041,693 9,057,600 23,492,943 17,637,807 18,663,286 5,740,237 18,930,472 11,659,977 10, 866, 001 694,582 3AI.AEIED OFFICIALS, CLEEKS, ETC. Num- ber. 512 197 110 361 2,034 128 116 88 140 461 459 207 499,010 507,094 230,412 47 64 77 46,041 41,000 66,661 47 21 62 48,490 23,650 64,247 1,647 1,076 1,342 417 342 511 276 211 202 14 16 365 8,811 7,779 6,643 822 483 130 370 216 412 2,326 1,368 1,005 1,812 1,038 916 21 27 39 758 409 103 1,300 770 960 847 633 361 Salaries. $807,648 336, 319 160,748 350, 798 1, 753, 235 123, 714 160,646 105, 128 166,280 1,790,501 1,077,790 1,395,468 432,387 302, 889 432,240 263,062 177,929 175,864 9,774 7,897 289, 012 8,706,682 7,669,949 6,707,931 874, 001 697, 239 153,802 332, 896 172, 014 331, 717 2,313,309 1,269,368 1,042,801 1,912,169 976,432 861,418 24,772 38,680 35,334 1,103,274 613,282 197,400 1,537,656 883,954 1, 164, 156 1, 005, 026 667,621 TVAGE-EAENEKS AND WAGES. Total. number 3,698 1,771 1,835 364 3,319 17,626 1,797 796 463 1,017 867 1,218 1,260 832 436 206 220 165 146 200 85 323 224 17,713 16,971 12,473 10,612 6,' 6,166 4,' — 2,885 4,206 2,993 2,081 1,' 228 263 1,363 437 149,924 141,830 133,690 111,162 18,991 14,391 9.134 4,662 6,282 4,r- 6,126 2,365 32, 082 27,653 18, 949 9,678 30, 329 21, 999 13,006 7,722 78 162 780 10,909 8,469 2,r- 6,1 11,305 9,154 10,943 6,237 10, 078 8,770 7,167 1,142 Wages. $1,804,992 918, 191 883,020 131, 721 1, 971, 403 8,189,817 982,014 600,907 277,818 705,200 400,779 496, 963 424, 174 331, 232 168, 183 77,204 79,380 47,633 60,245 105, 159 46,107 152, OH 80,249 7,886,945 6,671,666 6,608,483 3,927,349 2,364,209 2,230,691 1,891,031 735,482 1,546,175 1,127,784 696,073 461,075 102,702 124, 707 609,324 170,425 69,059,680 68,440,883 60,667,145 43,001,438 8,866,806 6,426,579 3,813,073 l,469,r— 2,120,468 1,439,599 1,802,666 748, 657 10,207,827 8,151,626 5,827,099 2,3?3,94S 12, 171, 104 7,821,388 6,615,707 2,769,135 46, 496 98, 796 401, 235 5,733,487 4,436,853 1,380,378 2,524,169 6, 208, 291 4,690,623 6,758,333 2, 729, 794 6, 176, 758 4,100,372 3,557,069 411,329 Average number. Men 16 years and over. 3,288 1,500 1, 734 342 3,298 16,700 1,747 776 417 1,013 849 679 446 409 251 105 96 107 192 85 302 198 8,784 7,592 6,484 6,127 4,010 3,784 3,162 1,235 2,402 1,769 990 768 169 217 727 245 95,257 90,416 91,406 82,647 10,985 8,248 6,126 2,614 2,793 2,137 2,771 1,274 9,676 7,739 6,667 2,194 26,868 19, 296 11, 240 6,611 78 169 780 10, 404 7,991 2,394 4,105 10,901 8,945 10,277 6,573 7,883 6,371 6,293 662 "Women 16 years and over. 332 197 91 2 7 817 16 16 32 3 690 764 357 174 94 107 33 63 8,379 7,872 6,762 4,831 1,706 2,212 1,738 1,422 1,679 1,176 1,022 662 67 34 604 174 49, 635 46, 894 39,849 25, 122 7,450 6,942 3,924 !,(■"■ 3,149 2,255 2,133 718 20,627 18, 192 12, 866 6,836 1,671 1,207 947 405 470 441 262 673 284 98 649 263 1,! 2,056 1,748 336 Chil- dren under 16 years. 21 24 650 607 237 654 220 159 102 228 125 68 2 2 22 18 6,132 4,621 2,435 3,483 666 201 84 164 340 217 221 373 1,980 1,722 616 648 1,800 1,498 819 706 36 27 62 304 120 111 117 401 197 343 116 144 Miscella- neous ex- penses. $1,571,691 234, 730 282,643 574,656 2,252,604 242,018 247, 113 195,574 142,431 972, 135 617,009 264,716 165,662 50,652 21, 736 69,454 7.5,678 84,872 2,824,481 1,676,936 1,214,297 904,950 490,648 411,472 476, 021 233, 353 163, 866 29,125 26, 812 125,707 19,293,634 10,669,402 9,217,619 3,216,373 2,089,164 943,918 460,644 245,863 337,496 3,114,468 1,607,391 941,498 3,363,788 1,550,756 1,011,900 18,116 34,863 63,046 2,363,103 992,422 321,793 2, 216, 514 982, 827 1,222,989 • No report received for this industry in 1880. 7,631,943 8,784,706 7,089,202 948, 118 ' Included in other classifications in 1880. 1,406,886 863,403 844,476 Cost of materials used. $9,089,786 4,076,702 3,479,638 863,000 2,628,146 16,792,061 718,848 729,462 1,296,942 1,080,466 3,096,807 2, 186, 809 1,484,203 710,629 266,800 244,970 186,688 197,463 203, 396 105, 712 485,867 440,068 9,139,937 7,702,543 6,007,417 5,195,771 21,586,872 17,800,282 13,744,656 6,939,249 6,047,366 4,627,048 1,965,173 1,188,817 290,464 396,643 1,902,928 448,104 197,363,496 168,632,664 118,786,831 102,442,442 32,000,464 22,682,643 11,660,787 6,023,053 3,809,961 3,061,193 3,667,320 1,389,700 16,685,826 11,766,424 7,893,941 3,678,827 33,478,991 22,777,673 14,244,603 7,674,921 363,720 1,162,635 1,766,605 39,798,683 36,111,425 6,493,231 9,623,167 16,170,163 14, 800, i 12,i49,607 6,894,452 Value of products, mcluding custom work and repairing. $14,954,186 6,169,044 6,612,840 1,086,000 6,163,240 31,915,908 2,568,326 2,222,922 1,648,182 2, 823, 278 2,289,768 5,941,042 4,604,965 2,900,402 1,491,474 678,737 675,804 467,251 344,824 647,717 359,787 1,031,030 661,376 26,223,650 20,790,858 17,067,780 11,976,764 27,675,816 23,242,892 17,903,846 7,631,636 9,365,020 7,145,820 3,469,328 2,144,946 649,867 688,795 3,346,002 790,842 320,107,453 268,969,680 220,649,368 166,060,364 70,065,296 41,089,819 18,632,060 9,705,724 7,786,286 5,856,915 7,091,948 2,903,465 36,866,589 27,316,317 18,805,330 7,665,563 67,047,743 38,163,633 26,613,180 12,687,068 700,772 1,419,817 2,649,860 81,912,863 44,309,829 8,381,47? 14,329,731 29,671,928 23,891,248 24,344,434 10,808,742 17,499,056 16,803,764 13,615,172 1,523,098 GENERAL TABLES. Table 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1905, 1900, 1890, AND 1880— Continued. Bread and other bakery products. Brick and tile. Num- ber ol estab- lish- ments. Bronze castings. 14 14 Brooms and brushes. Butter, reworking '. 12 12 12 Buttons. Calcium lights. Canning and preserving, fish." Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables. « Canning and preserving, oysters.* 6 Card cutting and design- ing. Cardboard, not made in paper mills. Carpets and rugs, other thah rag. 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 ISSI. 190; 1900 1S90 ,1880 .190; |1900 IS'.IO 1880 1905 1900 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 Carpets, rag. Carriage and wagon ma- terials. Carriages and sleds, chil- dren's. Carriages and wagons ' . . . Cars and general shop construction and re- pairs by steam rail- road companies, " Cars and general shop 1905 construction and r&- 1900 pairs by street rail- 1890 road companies. ' 18,227 14,836 10,484 6,396 4,634 5,423 5,828 5,631 27 21 14 7 1,316 1,523 1,235 Capital. 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 35 10 275 238 106 124 22 19 15 4 373 346 110 2,261 1,813 886 411 139 133 173 195 363 805 854 632 588 78 77 87 67 4,956 6,204 4,672 3,841 1,141 1,293 716 108 78 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEKKS, ETC. Num- ber. $122, 363, 327 80,901,926 .45,758,4«J 19,155,286 119,956,959 82,086,438 82,678,666 27,673,616 1,856,737 881,769 710, 190 186,500 12,052,236 9,616,150 7,743,832 4,186,897 1,718,751 255,525 7,783,900 4,212,568 3,089,265 2,013,350 143,553 95, 114 73,402 19,500 19,853,016 19,454,222 3,186,975 47,629,497 27,795.621 15,315,186 8,247,488 2,599,563 441,691 488, 129 ■ 337, 642 89,584 13, 793 1,651,210 1,168,495 616,548 443,000 56,781,074 44,449,299 38,208,842 21,468,587 1,099,555 866,971 975,381 252,604 26,024,053 19,085,776 13,028,161 7,034,718 4,335,626 2,906,472 3,158,412 770,000 126,320,604 109,875,885 93,455,257 37,973,493 146,943,729 119,580,273 76,192,477 12,905,853 10,781,939 2,351,162 8,358 9,167 13, 921 3,690 2,426 4,975 900 1,428 Salaries. $6,272,856 6, 063, 269 9,668,788 3,530,474 2, 024, 683 2,985,832 90 29 768 339 205 785 611 , 182 2,653 1,747 1,119 1,023 687 385 137 57 782 1, 1,023 324 172 210 5,058 4,003 6,069 13,337 7, 1,953 499 201 25 106,970 93, 131 58, 300 924,795 757^631 1,017,633 85,191 30,319 711,473 296,358 262,787 WAGE-EAKNERS AND WAGES. Total. Average number. 12,144 6,192 15,418 873,483 580,220 120,253 2,241,788 1,271,508 692, 390 120,867 31,831 51, 826 21, 727 30,035 103,673 102, 644 35,010 1,396,691 881,398 510,857 87,499 30,349 339,631 1,341,978 1,002,199 842,194 341,305 158,916 176,050 6,239,043 3,766,915 5,715,426 11,931,996 6,210,247 1,684,242 542,687 193, 675 23,172 Wages. 81,284 60, 192 38,841 22,488 66,021 61,979 104, 176 66,355 798 621 271 153 11,425 10, 346 9,556 8,773 404 148 10,667 8,685 3,831 6,826 41 65 80 20 6,959 13,355 5,020 87, 189 49,762 31,905 3,291 1,335 696 325 180 64 586 626 206 345 33, 221 28,411 28,736 20,371 1,736 1,318 982 724 17,160 16,387 9,996 7,602 4,003 2,726 2,726 1,310 60,722 68,425 56,525 45,394 236,900 173,652 106,632 11,052 7,025 2,009 Average number. Men 16 years and over. $43, 179, 822 27,864,024 19,120,259 9,411,328 28,646,006 21, 883, 333 29,709,357 13,443,532 601,054 372,797 196,635 64,072 4,380,220 3,787,746 3,299,393 2,424,040 252, 139 67,747 3,680,196 2,826,238 1,411, 1,645,130 23,978 24,418 34, 152 10,912 3,241,740 4,207,414 1,128,143 10,428,521 8,251,471 4,651,317 2,679,960 647, 250,425 261,023 136, 139 76,648 18,215 234,490 264,427 104,772 116,410 13,724,233 11,121 — 11,122,259 6,835,218 674,929 443,380 310,488 190,792 7,484,450 6,987,267 4,366,233 2,733,004 1,782,984 1,090,296 1,154,906 462,852 30,878,229 27,578,046 28,972,401 18,988,615 142,188,336 96,062,329 60,213,433 7,012,798 4,404,693 1,411,205 Women 16 years and over. 64,580 47,861 33,345 18,925 64,612 89,956 99, 198 69,032 778 616 265 140 7,923 7,430 7,146 5,798 391 141 5,188 4, 1,644 2,12S 62 80 20 5,262 9,676 3,787 16,760 13, 914 18,469 10,638 906 643 375 216 141 42 324 344 142 166 16,930 13,860 13,655 10,104 1,334 998 745 573 16,532 14,949 9,532 7,237 3,658 2,481 2,391 1,152 59,411 67,209 55,403 43,630 236,304 173,209 106,448 11,009 7,021 2, Chil- dren under 16 years. 14,844 10,441 4,672 2,210 76 212 268 13 1 3 3,054 2,452 1,786 1,716 12 4 6,024 4,131 2,176 3,052 1,367 2,633 841 20,438 20, 169 25, 714 15,463 1,632 505 297 54 29 12 174 218 64 126 14,408 12,468 13,076 8,570 350 271 191 233 236 36 268 164 280 70 870 840 615 273 494 364 128 1, 1,890 824 1,353 1,373 1,947 4,766 7,055 7 4 3 7 448 464 625 1,260 355 111 645 Miscella^ neous ex- Cost of materials used. 330 1,146 392 2,790 3,106 5,579 5,804 753 187 24 55 10 10 $20,493,262 $155,999,318 10,414,664 96,051,952 6,388,722 72,607,679 42,612,027 16,316,499 11,006,148 12,639,697 9,774,834 53 1,883 2, — 2,005 1,697 52 49 46 63 295 205 228 230 77 81 55 441 376 507 1,491 102 79, 56 6, 969, 161 3,584,319 5,108,769 114,624 76, 565 68,001 1,700,016 863, 875 611, 654 263,546 31, 032 1,012,762 393,862 256, 846 26, 871 11, 888 6,696 3, 082, 771 880,687 280,660 6,276,619 2,216,495 1,289,681 232,594 23,607 95,306 39, 358 9,789 108,587 82,532 38,281 4, 162, 146 2,751,879 1,819,441 183,509 97,571 78, 132 1,930,469 1,202,666 821,743 615, 143 399, 142 248,126 10,182,614 5,800,687 5,495,271 4,821,710 6,293,987 95,054 418,276 286,081 78, 761 Value of products, including custom work and repairing. 1,688,831 1,339,722 696,485 498,470 10,998,946 9,544,313 6,900,553 6,694,855 6,247,029 1,345,418 4,144,446 2,803,246 1,651,603 1,792,891 35,346 34,982 35,048 25,031 15,885,364 13,160,451 4,710,709 51,582,460 37,382,541 18,665,163 12,051,293 2,590,872 837,380 477,609 312,760 88,186 15,610 926,964 703,527 701, 764 637,971 37,947,954 27, 228, 719 28,644,905 18,984,877 489,285 622,185 726,419 424,943 16,312,683 13,048,608 7,387,904 4,781,095 2,840,462 1,906,070 1,900,907 868,054 61,215,228 63,723,311 46,022,769 30,697,086 151,140,250 109,539,013 66,561,525 5,463,360 4,336,744 1,154,840 $269,609,061 176,368,682 128,421,536 65,'824,'896 71,162,062 51,270,476 67,770,695 32,833,587 2,622,495 2,229,329 1, 165, 163 670, 912 21,103,776 18,483,760 14, 156, 383 10,560,855 7,271,086 2,114,935 11,133,769 7,695,910 4,216,795 4,449,542 135,246 118, 666 110,062 61,443 26,377,210 21,999,249 6,972,268 78, 142, 022 66,427,412 29,862,416 17,599,576 1,252,803 1,083,278 618,488 243,070 51,670 1,564,303 1,270,418 1,070,805 959,145 61,586,433 48,192,351 47,770,193 31,792,802 1,918,286 1,755,256 1,714,480 861,710 30,635,873 25.027,173 16,262,293 10,114,352 6,370,911 4,289,695 4,094,255 1,677,776 125,332,976 113,234,590 102,680,341 64,951,617 309,863,499 218,2.38,277 129,461,698 13,437,121 9,370,811 2,966,347 • No reports received for this Industry in 1880 and 1890. ' Beported as "fish, canning and preserving," in 1890 and 1900; included in other claesifleations in 1880. • Reported as "fruits and vegetables, canning and preserving," in 1890 and 1900. < Reported as "oysters, canning and preserving," in 1900. ' Includes custom and neighborhood shops in 1880 and 1890. «No report received for this industry in 1880. „ ., ■ „ • ,em ' Included in "oars, railroad and street, and repairs, not including establishments operated by steam railroad eompames, m 1580. MANUFACTURES. Table 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1905, 1900, 1890, AND 1880— Continued. INDtTSTET. Num- ber ol estab- lish- ments. Capital. SALAEIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EAKNEKS AND WAGES. Miscella. neous ex- penses. Cost of materials used. fe Total. ' Average number. Value of products, including custom work and repairing. 1 Num- ber. Salaries. Average number. Wages. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Chil- dren under 16 years. 12 Cara, steam and street railroad, not including operations ol railroad companies, i Cash registers and calcu- lating machines. ' Celluloid and celluloid goods. ' 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1890 1880 1905 1900 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1906 1900 1890 1880 1906 1900 1890 1880 1906 1900 1890 1880 1906 1900 1890 1880 1906 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 87 85 88 130 32 18 12 1 12 6 74 183 175 8,926 9,242 4,662 3,932 448 433 563 595 28 49 78 25 24 11 7 156 164 66 21 38 46 27 22 55 46 23 20 29 26 31 3 4,504 6,729 4,867 6,166 141 149 200 3,351 2,701 1,224 562 451 458 358 300 239 217 194 769 »101,154,750 95,939,249 46,109,525 9,272,680 7,587,972 6,242,373 366,875 300,000 3,158,487 1,214,000 717,118 811,225 457,484 47,255,556 36,303,164 16,016,573 9,604,803 119,890,193 89,069,460 55,032,462 28,983,458 260,665 269,360 499,647 8,378,980 6,890,732 2,630,067 630,500 1,404,744 943,328 304,160 412,325 9,703,170 8,792,653 5,727,202 2,474,900 401,326 288,894 229,335 137,350 1,499,079 653,546 1,028,523 410,000 153,177,600 120,547,851 128,253,547 79,861,696 262,091 246,539 190,118 73,947,823 48,431,544 21,259,528 8,207,273 39,903,719 28,436,897 16,996,009 6,366,392 18,531,844 13,585,162 11,097,736 5,735,392 2,567 1,610 756 $3,252,936 1,772,635 843,222 38,788 37,038 33,139 14,232 4,079 2,067 788 7 939 736 923 1,786 1,401 15,557 12,799 12,219 7,903 24,525 19,020 15,038 9,724 225 298 353 2,090 1,314 893 223 564 508 301 209 7,249 6,037 3,491 3,940 795 534 354 176 1,063 576 881 665 137,190 120,927 144,926 160,813 903 944 1,165 115,706 83,739 39,149 26,192 7,316 6,387 3,766 2,716 8,468 6,840 6,761 4,415 833,087,400 18,938,170 17,168,099 5,507,753 2,442,001 1,249,741 450,430 4,876 447,120 242,798 342,874 431,381 390,697 8,412,937 6,145,561 4,248,854 1,546,495 13,361,972 9,393,236 7,308,411 4,222,663 99,137 122,423 162,620 821,851 526,876 466,047 82,268 241,576 209,438 102,260 91,455 3,514,186 2,650,703 1,808,025 1,622,693 603,935 268, 191 200,630 62,790 341,655 176,687 239,074 137,400 57,226,506 46,496,728 51,075,837 45,940,363 380,468 332,187 392,822 51,180,193 32,686,101 15,428,272 6,661,005 3,035,524 2,486,759 1,815,634 1,370,699 4,119,811 3,077,481 2,842,444 1,895,805 38,563 36,689 32,681 13,885 3,659 1,880 678 7 687 452 917 1,784 1,393 14,036 11,637 11,429 6,419 23,366 18,101 11,911 8,318 80 123 206 1,206 688 644 110 387 342 207 181 5,087 4,519 2,942 2,807 768 626 348 136 423 178 266 73 68,759 48,070 67,786 77,255 477 426 472 42,614 26,109 12,963 2,694 3,837 3,455 2,751 2,125 6,947 6,581 4,806 3,762 144 HI 256 13 415 187 99 81 238 202 334 5 ii $6,179,801 3,104,841 1,866,576 $80,998,570 66,709,610 46,373,721 19,780,271 1,515,980 921,237 255,194 870 856,180 389,262 641,778 405,339 320,735 142,920,277 108,841,200 49,819,301 18,363,579 51,883,219 34,545,862 33,694,927 24,665,766 107,647 207,3,56 364,778 9, 722, .555 6,876,682 2,893,219 812,403 1,286,060 965,242 382, 120 237,070 3,077,574 3,028,606 1,457,778 1,908,411 38,852 17,490 34,132 71,960 1,329,435 847,846 777,570 453,700 185,793,436 145,218,798 128,846,857 131,363,282 94,867 98,178 84,167 130,719,996 84,704,692 34,277,219 19,559,227 72,171,692 66,112,203 65,961,465 18,201,302 9,501,267 6,946,348 5,547,082 3,776,222 $122,019,506 97,815,548 73,385,852 27,997,591 9,875,099 5,675,365 1,422,820 6,600 2,575,736 1,261,540 1,291,754 1, 133, 638 3 923 327 55 1,108,859 328,759 47,784 2,903,086 929,362 ^,903 14 84 172,341 250 175 2 109 6 2 6 116 121 100 154 77 66 132 268 9 18 6 117 34 6 482,016 4 25 23 22,346 15,986 110,482 70, 150 Cheese, butter, and con- densed milk. » 2 1,405 1,041 690 1,330 1,082 853 2,995 1,138 136 167 141 768 592 343 113 169 153 86 15 1,965 1,371 510 630 34 2 4 18 561 339 523 492 75,468 69,846 75,621 80,994 396 479 677 72,242 66,866 25,913 22,253 3,318 2,809 941 438 1,466 1,179 858 481 975,540 168,182,789 130,783,349 60,6.3.5,705 25,742,510 92,088,378 62,637,008 59,3,52,648 38,640,458 326,679 484,891 847,655 14,389,699 9,666,192 4,221,675 1,302,153 2,710,393 2,193,019 865,904 500,280 8,868,000 7,167,866 4,228,846 4,110,267 1,062,939 566,000 399,814 222,560 2,139,496 1,305,164 1,672,265 696,000 365,796,571 276,717.367 251, 019; 609 209,548,460 700,158 680,502 784,055 247,661,660 159,339,639 68,164,019 32,004,794 91,449,201 69,527,108 75,042,010 22,924,894 20,266,110 13,952,308 12,230,664 8,157,760 1 3,507 2,818 2,150 1,376,097 911,712 867,151 4,074,268 1,674,790 813,954 f; 3,387 2,123 1,914 4,901,523 2,923,033 2,383,432 8,937,242 4,362,608 4,413,170 China decorating ' Chocolate and cocoa prod- ucts. Cleansing and polishing preparations. Clocks S 1 18 31 114 291 289 70 15,686 21, 105 91,904 463,231 371,063 140,557 23,818 31,635 47,879 1,680,888 773,527 232,891 8 272 227 89 274,945 205,410 74,689 8 13 8 13 197 147 39 503 3 7 2 23 79 58 93 453,464 194,489 40,801 in 477 260 94 497,163 352,536 127,600 540,341 382,846 272,984 191,382 93,295 40,493 154,341 83,246 57,894 Cloth, sponging and re- finishing. 2 59 39 42 61,631 34,924 43,672 p 73 56 71 72,148 47,012 74,231 Clothing, men's •? 13,210 9,998 11,416 13,703,162 10,399,609 11,235,807 2,963 3,011 1,619 2,664 30 39 16 849 764 273 345 160 123 74 153 66 80 87 172 57,696,240 37,492,601 20,460,045 Clothing, men's, button- holes. ' Clothing, women's CofEee and spice, roasting and grinding. " Coflans, burial cases, and undertakers' goods. 2 2 8 11 208 10,920 6,716 2,859 4,809 5,608 134,103 9,975,944 6,573,618 3,384,515 46,383 36,234 45,956 24,349,282 11,733,695 3,620,042 1 2,960 2,749 1,356 3,337,759 2,951,460 1,447,386 7,590,441 3,435,257 1,229,926 4 1,161 948 673 1,344,690 1,023,393 712,812 2,502,316 832,644 822,312 1 Includes 73 establishments in 190.5, 65 in 1900, and 71 in 1890, reported as "cars, steam railroad, not including operations of railroad comoanies- " and 14 in 1905 20 in 1900, and 17 in 1890, reported as "cars, street railroad, not including operations of railroad companies." »oi lainoau companies, ana 14 in 1905, ^0 m 2 Includes 5 establishments in 1900, 7 in 1890, and 1 in 1880, reported as "registers, car fare," and 13 in 1900 and 5 in 1890 as "reeisteri rnub " were included in other classifications in 1880. ^ ' ^°'="- 3 Included in other classifications in 1900 and 1905. * Included in "timber products, not manufactured at mill," in 1890. ' Registers, cash," » Includes 5,235 establishments in 1905 reported as "butter," 3,610 as "cheese," and 81-as "condensed milk." Reported as "cheese and hiittev fnt-f-nrv " in ISRO 6 Includes 32 establishments in 1905 reported as "sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids " o"-! i-ii ^r^^-toH „. .. — ij''""';?,A,._*!ft®^_^®/?^ "'Jii? ■ ""'*9"^y> m.l880, tar," and 592 as "drugs and chemicals." ' and 141 reported as "wood distillation;' and 3 in 1880 reported as "coal ' No report received for this industry in 1880. Includes custom and neighborhood shops in 1-890. • Included in "clothing, men's," in 1880. • Includes in 1905 "peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling;" 30 establishments were reported as engaged in this industry GENERAL TABLES. Table 1.— COMPAKATIVE SUMMARY, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1905, 1900, 1890, AND 1880— Continued. CI 14 Coke. 14 Collars and cuffs, paper ' Combs. Confectionery ' . Cooperage' Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Cordage and twine . Cordials and sirups . 14 Cork, catting. 1905 1900 1890 1880 18901 1905, 1900 1890 1880; 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 Corsets'. Cotton goods'. Cotton waste '- 1905 1900 1890 '1880 , 1905 1900 1890 Crucibles. Cutlery and edge tools '' . . Dairymen's, poulterers', and apiarists' supplies." Dentists' materials DruggrindiQg<. Druggists' preparations s. Dyeing and finlshingtex- tiles. Dyestufls and extracts. . Electrical macliinery, ap- paratus, and supplies.' 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 Capital. 278 241 .218 149 42 34 31 38 1,348 962 2,921 1,450 1,517 1, 2,652 3, 102 105 150 165 63 39 40 16 50 62 65 46 1905 109 1900 138 1890 205 1880 113 1,154 1,055 905 1,005 41 25 31 1905 11 1900 11 1890 10 1880 11 254 275 474 429 27 26 13 240 173 1, 805 360 298 248 191 98 77 62 41 784 581 189 76 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Num- ber. <\ 190, 712, 877 36,502,679' 17,462,729, 5, 545, 068 237, 764 901, 233 1, 112, 260 832, 791 742,200 533,390 43, 125, 408 26, 319, 195 23,326,799 8,486,874 29,5.32,614 21,777,636 17,806,554 12, 178, 726 37, 110, 521 29,275,470; 23, 351, 883i 7, 140, 475! 1,666,418, 1,153,006 783, 567 128,400' 4,009,031 2,683,683 1,869,360 872,384 9,589,402 7," 6,640,056 1,611,695 613,110,655 467,240,157 354,020,843 219,504,794 3,585,611 2,437,324 711, 956 : 1,577,051! 1,843,616 908, 152, 1,450,250 20,809,82ll 16,465,847, 12,082,638 9, 859, 885 5,030,081 4,681,266 2,112,236' 2, 908, 113i 840,800 4, 991, 218 2,837,911 337,885 25, 152, 363 16,004,640 4,624,814 88, 708, 576 60, 643, 104 38, 450, 800 26, 223, 981 14,904,150 7, 839, 034 8,645,458 2,363,700 174, 066, 026 83, 659, 924 18,997,337 1,509,758 1,386 915 161 Salaries. 11,247,502 797, 296 113,632 13,512 5,124 4,304 6,487 1,210 809 2,097 731 171 112 106 136 136 119 906 799 779 290 182 203 107 102 25 2,739 1,982 1, "" 2,196 1,318 666 361 229 191 10,619 5,067 683 86,004 57,541 68, 321 4, 839, 529 3, 524, 838 3,850,441 1,391,802 824, 860 1,609,117 999, 860 666, 936 660,639 241,906 120,994 121, 874 197,612 195,468 125, 649 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Total. Average number. 877 1, 009, 859 815 965,614 442 553, 776 6,981 10,237,891 4,902 7,3.50,199 2,709 3,464,734 164, 170 86,426 51,216 116,689 164,050 38,960 1,068,009 927,046 717,219 359, 190 334, 133 184,494 324,978 154,683 126, 623 28,883 3, 174, 181 2, 222, 584 1,099,014 3,407,381 2, 267, 128 805, 291 608, 790 312, 109 252, 336 11, 090, 885 4, 631, 723 849, 138 Wages. 18,981 16,999 8,998 3,142 82 435 1,806 1,399 742 1,026 36,239 26, 866 21, 724 9,801 21, 149 22, 117 22,555 26,973 14,614 13, 114 12,386 5,435 660 362 281 81 2,895 2,340 2,019 792 10,975 12,297 10,928 315,874 302,861 218,876 185,472 1,569 1,091 279 280 671 230 694 14,645 12,028 8,708 10, 519 2,6 1,922 1,017 1,011 490 644 148 7,410 5.658 2,031 35, 565 29, 776 19, 601 16, 698 2,707 1,647 2,111 992 60, 466 42, 013 8,802 1,2711 $9,304,498 7,085,736 4,072,632 1,198,654 35, 125 151,576 757,657 672,467 364, 715 374,786 11,699,257 8,020,453 7,783,007 3,242,852 9,485,465 8,786,428 10,056,249 8,992,603 5,338,178 4, 113, 112 3,976,232 1,658,676 235,299 116,917 111,114 42,928 888,240 687, 796 636, 869 232,846 3,600,462 3,644,593 3,509,039 1, 745, 969 96,205,796 86,689,762 66,024,538 46,614,419 494,665 326, 627 103,041 169,219 250,654 110, 250 284,169 7,076,018 6, 662, 242 4,200,933 4,447,349 1,167,343 949,204 .TOS, 603 642,648 237,729 483,097 291,823 74, 711 2,792,914 2, 006, 540 839,686 15„469, 205 12; 726, 316 8,911,720 6,474,364 1,264,492 787,942 1,037,651 512, 097 31, 841, ,521 20,579,194 4,617,050 683, I64I ' in 1900. Average number. Men 16 years and over. 18, 915 16, 932 8,942 3,068 53 151 1,484 1,174 602 743 13,340 10, 759 11,882 6,157 20,771 21,461 22,031 24,435 8,646 7,341 6,412 2,926 424 228 202 81 1,296 1,013 842 882 1,178 1,259 1,731 776 147,283 135, 721 88,837 64,107 906 560 402 218 13,039 11, 118 8,348 9,458 2,310 1,222 631 772 406 545 132 3,152 2,616 1,773 28,483 24,419 16, 510 12, 788 2,678 1,607 2,099 976 48,976 34, 462 7,289 1,132 Women 16 years and over. 29 284 279 198 123 260 21,123 14,425 9,254 2,827 98 68 194 42 4,999 4,797 5,010 1, "" 231 130 58 1,350 1,144 884 270 9,514 10,684 9,093 7,487 128,163 126, 882 106,607 91, 148 640 531 76 Chil- dren under 16 years. 43 27 17 33 1,776 1, 588 817 330 1,496 976 963 1,029 5 4 249 183 140 354 104 539 40,428 40,268 23,432 30,217 13 Miscella- neous ex- penses. 1,156 649 248 257 607 351 188 70 178 4,145 3,093 209 5,6.58 4,253 2,298 2,038 25 36 4 10 10, 902 6,956 1, 72 6 3 350 261 112 681 41 93 35 611 16 l!i 11' 1 I 113 49 49 1,424| 1, 104 7931 1,872 6 588' 595 41 67,' 84, 891, 130 2,184,968 394, 784 7,627 160, 202 112, 243 61, 133 9,474,111 4,454,153 3,302,708 2, 385, 236 1, 284, 838 1,269,618 2,608,600 1,716,205 1,020,697 442, 170 158, 167 121, 207 508,180 329,081 119, 710 Cost of materials used. Value of products, mcluding custom work and repairing. 2,104,522 987, 180 908, 510 30,487,378 22, 112, 678 16,716,624 330,076 176,454 55,700 124, 174 198,029 77,354 1,881,776 938, 142 790,045 762,520 321,387 134,046 406, 125 318,075 224,335 37, 213 6,891,647 3,296,620 663,883 5, 978, 277 4, 137, 947 3, 131, 081 944, 360 458, 212 380,030 17,948,708 6,804,633 1,164,462 $29, 884, 532 19, 666, 532 11, 509, 737 2,996,441 223,077 1,166,000 1,329,627 951, 514 344,120 341,719 48,810,342 36,364,208 31,116,629 17,126,775 31,092,679 22, 150, 885 20, 636, 911 18,441,064 36,095,747 26,632,006 24,051,666 9,330,261 2,148,548 1,505,096 1,231,141 210,506 2,469,197 2,403,829 1,501,902 976,274 6,135,237 6,357,189 5,662,140 3,686,821 286, 255, 303 176,551,527 154,912,979 113,765,637 6,825,261 3,999,915 1,692,041 761, 851 1,673,290 396,296 965, 841 6,028,166 5,091,114 3,465,124 4,682,222 3,203,451 5,509,471 2, 109, 231 993,855 247,824 3,024,305 3,315,228 192, 321 13,419,635 10,814,432 2,411,851 19, 621, 263 17, 968, 137 12, 385, 220 13,664,295 6,829,340 4, 745, 912 6, 500, 928 3,918,741 66,836,926 49,468,272 8, 819, 498 1,116,470 • Included in " furnishing goods, men's," in 1905 and "all other industries '■ • Includes custom and neighborhood shops in 1880 and 1890. ' • Includes 77 establishments in 1906 and 82 hi 1900 reported as "cotton small wares. < No report received for this industry iu 1880. » Included in other classiflcations in 1880, 1890, and 1900. 'Includes custom and neighborhood shops in 1890. ,. ,. j ,„ ..i , i. j .,. , t. x . 'Includes 36 estabUshments reported as '^electrical apparatus and supplies" and 40 as "telegraph and telephone apparatus' $61, 728, 047 35,585,445 16,498,346 6,359,489 301,093 1,682,571 2,769,380 1,976,129 1,020,835 961, 395 87,087,263 60,643,946 66, 997, 101 25,637,033 49,424,394 38,439,745 38,617,966 33,714,770 48,017,139 37,849,661 33, 312, 559 12,492,171 3,509,758 2, 107, 132 1,903,200 331,233 4,490,952 4,392,364 2,840,359 1,666,555 14,862,081 14,461,198 12,401,675 6,494,705 460,467,704 339,200,320 267, 981, 724 210, 950, 383 8,343,328 4,880,024 1,906,622 1,342,716 2,607,308 726, 708 1,446,641 18,614,929 14,787,365 11,110,614 11,661,370 6,545,008 7,809,602 3, 721, 150 2, 594, 888 ■ 860,758 6,145,522 4,308,144 436, 766 31, 782, 250 22, 714, 889 6,659,797 60, 849, .545 44, 963, 331 28, 900, 560 32, 297, 420 10,893,113 7, 350, 748 9, 292, 514 6,263,038 140, 809, 369 92, 434, 435 19, 114, 714 2,665,036 in 1880. MANUFACTUEES. Table 1. -COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1905, 1900, 1890, AND 1880— Continued. 14 14 Electroplating! Emery wheels. Enameling and enameled goods.' Engravers' materials. Engraving and diesink- ing.> Engraving, steel, includ- ing plate printing. Engraving, wood. Envelopes . Explosives ". Fancy articles, not else- where specified.^ Felt goods. 8 Fertilizers. 14 14 Files. Firearms . Fire extinguishers, chem- ical. Fireworks ». Flags and banners. Flavoring extracts. 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1906 1900 1890 1905 19O0 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1906 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1906 1900 1890 1906 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 Num- ber of estab- Ush- ments. 312 302 313 221 34 34 17 92 129 46 22 10 11 16 11 305 277 382 246 215 286 134 65 114 144 286 167 72 51 41 12 124 97 69 64 462 392 377 151 39 36 34 26 400 422 390 364 140 179 30 32 34 31 36 29 11 377 360 148 58 Capital Jl, 286, 996 1,322,266 2,061,134 865,898 2,248,744 1,489,627 823,059 397,900 17,976,466 9, 184, 178 422, 716 296, 200 98, 374 100, 466 139, 920 54, 600 1,210,673 720,043 794,654 416,840 5, 402, 716 5,066,020 2,924,125 2, 387, 050 184,897 231, 367 480,990 183, 733 7,496,912 6,612,509 3,218,466 923,800 42,307,163 19, 466, 846 13,639,478 6,685,185 8, 788, 538 5,081,806 2, 386, 317 1,359,460 9, 667, 136 7, 126, 276 4,460,621 1,958,264 69,023,264 60, 685, 763 40,594,168 17,913,660 5,866,256 3, 867, 647 2,991,988 1,666,660 10, 376, 264 6,916,2311 4,672,424 8, 115, 489 337, 6071 136, 933 406, 733 400,000 1,542,663 1,086,133 507, 266' 679, 760 664,004 666,033 376, 130 64,300 4,404,986 3, 313, 966 1, 361, 800 404, 615 SALARIED OPFICIALS, CLEEKS, ETC. Num- ber. 144 115 397 188 125 47 563 303 70 175 76 467 385 313 264 38 22 341 529 313 176 768 197 1,006 714 558 201 136 124 1,618 1,712 1,132 109 127 231 228 132 136 39 672 594 262 Salaries. S132, 192 92, 761 368, 723 217,117 120, 577 47, 244 773, 824 304, 960 72,464 10, 920 22, 154 20, 169, 788 62, 764 472, 422 553, 600 338, 323 306, 178 42,204 22, 630 366, 913 S83, 502 316, 360 246,006 1,797,050 914, 447 309,008 614, 732 444,836 350, 594 231,065 167, 916 1,940,712 2,124,972 1,263,961 169,589 153, 875 228,365 508,340 243,206 124,274 58, 736 39,348 32,284 140,667 145, 570 47, 805 60,894 63, 764 46,436 ■WAGE-EAKNEES AhO) WAGEa Total. Average number. 698,076 654, 226 233,071 Wages. 1, 2, 1,765 1,441 801 546 246 112 9,637 7,676 608 387 49 76 139 70 1,573 964 1,168 862 3,680 3,303 2,296 1,916 338 336 945 509 4,298 2,984 2,326 1,204 6, 4,502 2,363 1,340 8,131 6,718 3,396 2,793 3,254 2,688 2,142 1,524 14, 201 11, 681 9,026 3,276 3,160 2,435 2,608 6,224 4,482 2,660 4, — 178 64 66 119 1,480 1,638 618 735 374 609 321 1,643 1,261 607 374 Men 16 years and over. $1, 092, S35 949,062 891, 752 620,848 451,016 303, 091 135, 356 68,263 3,642,-322 2, 269, 003 224, 133 98, 762 31,062 44,939 76, 460 39,840 1,032,232 543,004 696, 651 419, 646 2,227,850 2,012,327 1, 576, 406 1,951,746 246,0-32 206, 767 600,463 333, 690 1,629,511 1, 160, 463 812, 644 344, 143 3, 308, 774 2, 383, 756 1, 240, 602 676, 414 3, 576, 679 1,921,578 1, 234, 982 1,036,672 1, 356, 754 1,024,835 883, 389 439, 760 5, 142, 147 4,186,289 3, 417, 870 2, 648, 422 1,614,412 1,277,199 1,217,576 957, 412 3,722,850 2, 542, 366 1,575,931 2,700,281 107,540 32, 828 25,594 84, 750 536,608 606,990 166,298 216,069 115, 487 148,933 06,189 27,375 663,366 477,950 208, 716 129, 343 Average number. 1,805 i,r- 1,602 1,267 544 241 111 7,120 6,686 371 324 49 76 137 66 1,416 -848 1,106 698 2,203 2,119 1,384 1,118 321 308 904 468 1,183 906 698 233 6, 4,349 2,281 1,316 4,945 2,417 1,327 1,676 2,546 1,957 1,474 1,203 14,065 11, 435 8,863 8,377 2,687 2,-- 2,268 2,191 6,126 4,402 2,637 4, 578 175 63 65 117 794 880 289 313 102 166 136 15 767 662 341 Women 16 years and over. 91 102 96 Chil- dren under 16 years. 1,908 1,675 115 64 1 3 104 ,56 .39 62 1,296 1,085 883 661 10 6 2,961 2,040 1,707 91 117 39 21 2, 3,066 1,996 664 ,699 668 506 233 110 131 88 76 348 340 74 620 606 197 217 2S3 311 180 50 744 671 160 104 2 1 609 314 22 9 29 137 164 217 246 74 463 73 162 26 15 75 146 241 171 103 197 162 32 206 19 32 6 3 32 28 16 32 Miscella- neous ex- penses. $284,606 192, 791 182, 826 387, 483 133, 466 81, 148 Cost of materials used. 1, 326, 382 338, 992 13, 208 IS, 663 13, 959 224, 288 121,, 666 160, 239 601, 557 436, 326 156, 902 87. 656 67, 551 106, 791 1,062,967 430,915 346, 129 1, 657, 665 1,096,604 1, 168, 920 2,064,058 719, 716 276, 390 612,766 356, 164 232,871 4,919,824 3, 734, 285 2,790,082 408, 638 220,076 130, 310 1,128,677 661, 690 202, 656 99, 017 23, 134 18,859 171,682 81, 530 25, 483 86, 780 76, ,370 20,098 1,060,639 460,893 153, 406 1 Includes custom and neighborhood shops in 1880 and 1890. $747,331 783,854 1,048,057 663,688 706,220 508, 763 186, 579 109, 952 7,152,090 5,466,971 171, 658 306,379 96,887 141, 785 61,986 26, 464 376, 409 203,046 434,606 262,828 1,653,618 1, 209, 6,36 742, 766 648,994 60,283 63,007 157, 666 68,605 6,«74,948 3,665,276 2, 530, 793 2, 346, 500 17,203,667 10,334,974 6, 481, 723 3,271,549 6,219,093 4,061,400 1,844,666 1,065,335 5,754,026 3, 801, 028 2,809,937 2,530,710 39,343,914 28,968,473 26, 113, 874 16,595,078 1, 310, 978 1, 166, 414 1,038,943 787,569 1,738,012 1, 305, 421 486,946 1,859,026 229,003 70, 874 67, 736 81,840 769, 235 627, 761 188,938 840, 877 486,872 647, 166 196,687 48,200 3,936,960 3, 290, 600 1, 430, 120 796,049 Value of products, mclnding custom work and repairing. $2,965,014 2, 719, 961 3,121,642 1,975,700 2,062,120 1,381,675 726,425 322,022 15,709,282 9,978,509 626,884 604,269 170,710 282, 489 20.3,764 85,764 2, 422, 487 1, 468, 202 2, 187, 167 1, 180, 165 B, 943, 080 5,100,662 3,347,804 2,998,616 647,909 613,936 1,666,418 734, 728 10,222,366 6,299,330 4,865,680 3,000,617 29,602,884 17, 125, 418 11,352,615 6,802,029 14, 378, 243 9,046,342 4,810,450 2,817,230 8,948.594 6, 461, 691 4, 654, 768 3,619,652 56, 632, 853 44, 657, 386 39,180,844 23,660,795 4, 391, 745 3,403,906 3, 179, 649 2,486,533 8,276,660 6, 444, 669 ' 2,922,614 6,736,936 581,970 217. 833 196. 834 204,693 1,986,790 1, 786, 271 692, 542 1,391,132 864,692 1,038,052 465,849 119,600 7,772,070 6,308,162 2,614,614 1,195,637 'Reported as " explosives and fireworks" in 1880. GENERAL TABLES. 9 Tabli! 1.— comparative SUMMARY, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1905, 1900, 1890, AND 1880-Continued. Flax and hemp, dressed. Flour and grist mill prod- ucts.' Food preparations . Foundry and machine shop products.! Num- ber of estab- Ush- ments. Foundry supplies . 14 Fuel, manufactured 3. 14 Fur goods' Furnishing goods, raen'se. Furniture *. 14 Furs, dressed. 10 Galvanizing, 10 Gas and lamp fixtures . . Gas, illuminating and heating.' 1905 1900 1S90 18Sa 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1S90 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 Gas macliines and meters. 1905 1900 1890 1880 Glass. Glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting. Gloves and leather.8 Glucose. Glue. 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 17 79 10,051 9,476 18, 470 24,338 766 645 302 109 9,423 9,316 6,500 i," 34 30 21 IS 734 484 647 467 586 161 2,482 1,814 1,919 5,22' 85 92 26 192 36 28 27 21 263 221 108 35 1,019 877 742 113 38 34 355 294 453 411 279 170 339 394 324 300 Capital. 8238,842 71, 496 1,361,636 620,455 266, 117, 434 189,281,330 208, 473, 500 177,361,878 61,784,434 .21,401,102 6,715,535 1,293,905 936,416,978 663, 414, 323 383,257,473 155,021,734 1,516,043 981, 817 679,817 126,500 100,000 17,991,869 12, 484, 172 11, 115, 840 28,043,684 20,675,961 12,299,011 3,724,664 152,712,732 104, 484, 394 80, 780, 939 44,946,128 1,296,141 798,030 266, 921 3,698,887 2,690,471 1,775,770 1,301,973 671,460 20,206,957 9,479,108 7,218,964 3,248,400 725,035,204 567,000,506 258,771,796 5,601,157 4,601,624 1,603,426 1,147,000 89,389,151 61,423,903 40,966,850 18,804,599 7,366,225 4,000,569 2,604,089 946,180 10,705,599 9,089,809 5,977,820 3,379,648 17,045,313 41,011,346 5,991,023 2,256,000 10,673,338 6,144,407 4,869,266 3, 916, 750 SALAIMBD OFFICIALS, CLEBKS, ETC. Num- ber. 7,415 6,622 16,078 2,657 1,538 674 42,828 27,402 16,661 1,172 1,141 1,128 2,697 2,149 1,433 8,309 6,614 4,914 110 46 37 167 52 86 1,239 796 616 9,406 5,904 1,864 346 266 73 3,040 2,268 1,095 743 475 474 640 659, Salaries. 371; 147 35' »9,386 6,589 28,400 7, 352, 367 6,257,991 8,897,340 2,999,043 1, 495, 477 593,922 52, 746, 540 31, 600, 565 19, 242, 145 73, 309 79,445 61,140 1,228,765 1,005,989 1,272,043 2,167,' 2, 187, 844 1,611,323 9, 131, 357 6, 452, 241 5, 139, 676 109, 756 49, 124 48,618 191,635 46,522 111,233 1,603,256 923,392 712,699 8,463,699 6,273,500 2,143,169 370, 899 251,532 83,627 3,940,293 2,792,376 1,232,561 776,007 487,270 641,860 684,673 547, 320 438,664 388,257 280, 284 72,320 362, 159 139 465,334 192, 147 147,363 Average number. "WAGE-EAENEES AKD -WAGES. Total. 214 211 497 1,019 39, 110 32,226 47,403 58, 407 11, 333 8,214 3,478 1,333 402,914 350, 103 231, 331 145,650 315 278 163 74 70 9,370 7,758 6,947 27,185 30,322 20,778 11,174 110, 133 87,262 72,869 69,304 1,105 835 400 4,134 1,256 535 761 518 8,141 6,613 5,014 3,069 30,566 22,469 12,996 2,674 2,166 998 863 63,969 62,818 44,892 24,177 8,379 4,914 3,320 l,i 10,645 14,345 8,187 7,697 2,876 3,288 1,724 1,192 2,864 1,618 1,697 1,801 Wages. $69 46 198, 268, 19,822, 16, 285, 18, 138 17,422; 3,099: 1,222, 318, 229, 869 182,096: 129, 282: 66,093 156 135: 91 27; 6,122 3,927: 3,477; 8,760, 9,730 6,078, 2,844, 49,883, 35, 632, 35,068, 23, 695; 754, 478: 238; 620, 229: 361 244: 4,237, 3, Hi: 2, 879: 1,469: 17,057 12,436: 8,499: 1,632 1, 186: 626: 397: 37,288, 27,084 20,885: 9,144; 4, 359, 2,393: 1,964: 706: 3,840 4, 182: 2,670: 1,655; 1,774, 1,765, 902, 6O5: 1,528, 685: 676: 6OO: Average number. Men 16 years and over. 212 177 217 786 38,672 31,719 46,889 68,239 6,809 6,333 2,236 397,222 344,841 228,677 140,727 272 163 72 70 B,474 3,996 2,986 •4,; 4,152 1,274 104,206 82,013 67, 766 53,018 1,044 750 391 1,453 1,207 523 746 601 6,691 6,265 4,743 2,660 30,524 22,446 12,952 2,531 2,092 979 807 54,079 42,173 36,064 17,778 7,217 4,288 3, 10? 1,281 4,174 4,366 2,998 2,102 2,804 3,266 1,719 1,167 2,524 1,462 1,580 1,486 Women 16 years and over. 266 57 450 414 308 42 4,307 2,602 1,150 312 3,266 2,626 1,206 675 13 4 3,852 3,704 3,920 22,907 25,321 16,416 9,665 3,165 2,476 2,892 2,218 52 82 4 2,604 18 5 4 1,164 966 233 243 33 10 140 64 19 12 3,456 3,529 1,886 741 915 606 155 139 6,245 9,703 6,091 5,249 58 22 311 120 60 186 Chil- dren under 16 years. 1 26 26 176 93 206 126 217 279 92 168 2,426 2,636 1,548 4,248 2 2 44 59 41 442 621 211 335 2,762 2,773 2,211 4,068 6 77 31 7 11 17 286 292 38 166 9 3 44 3 10 34 6,435 7,116 6,943 6,658 247 120 58 166 226 277 98 346 29 36 67 129 Miscella- neous ex- penses. tl7,610 2,481 45,567 19,756,711 9, 691, 182 13,162,037 9,746,251 3,610,737 881, 628 79, 442, 491 41,071,022 24,659,643 93, 397 42,08^ 53,282 3, 169, 718 1,865,482 864, 506 6, 424, 881 2,611,838 2,330,360 16,719,082 8,633,629 .6,629,839 206,363 49,291 13,294 136,072 47,356 99, 192 2, 129, 316 1,006,392 793, 283 29,567,273 14,769,022 7, 7SJ9, 3S5 557, 635 190, 928 105,209 5,911,507 3,588,641 2,267,696 1,142,687 651,403 272,138 1,507,693 567,697 426,937 1,007,218 645, r- 923,429 1,160,631 341, 170 420, 913 Cost of materials used. $233, 132 91,032 638,286 818,243 619,971,161 428, 116, 767 434,152,290 441,645,226 37,667,862 24,776,625 8, 129, 925 1,604,660 324,260,998 286, 130, 485 171,363,925 104,041,972 624,812 628, 160 857, 874 . 132, 220 65,000 21,204,391 14,281,092 11,742,608 26,564,600 23,669,929 16,280,672 6,503,164 73,619,914 64, 929, 631 45, 368, 770 36,860,206 1,641,950 619, 699 203, 199 6,338,242 4,744,466 1,677,584 1,940,712 1, 103, 186 7,395,207 4,464,729 2,208,124 1,675,875 37,180,066 20,605,356 14,037,087 2, 612, 907 1,943,230 675,642 636,676 26,145,522 16,731,009 12,140,985 8, 028, 621 4, 845, 393 3,634,r-- 2, 188, 287 1,156,866 10,000,889 9,483,130 6,021,144 4,351,469 20,258,022 16, 773, 233 6,029,131 3,044,450 6, 186, 139 3,767,023 2,510,927 2,786,342 Value of products, mchiding custom work and repairing. $346,963 158, 650 981, 283 1,310,231 713,033,395 501, 396, 304 613,971,474 506,186,712 61, 180, 418 39,836,882 14, 106, 485 2,493,224 799,862,688 644,456,216 413, 197, 118 216,442,011 1,058,834 1,128,856 672, 440 216, 650 102,000 37,123,129 25,899,192 20,526,988 49,031,682 44, 346, 482 29,870,946 11,606,867 170,446,825 126,316,986 111,743,080 77, 845, 725 2,215,701 1,400,456 661,296 8,238,712 6,418,860 2,470,703 2, 957, 143 1,884,695 17, 560, 386 11, 479, 960 7, 825, 672 4, 329, 656 125,144,945 75,716,693 56,987,290 6,630,975 4,390,930 1,838,644 1,334,091 79,607,998 56,639,712 41,051,004 21,154,571 13,137,653 8,750,042 6,090,378 2,536,009 17,740,386 16,926,156 10, 103, 821 7,379,606 24,566,932 21,693,656 7, 756, 686 4,551,212 10,034,685 6,389,006 4,270,460 4,324,072 I Includes custom mills in 1880 and 1890. ' Includes 15 establishments in 1905 reported as " locomotives "and 415 as " stoves and furnaces, not including gas and oil stoves; " 3 in 1890 and 6 in 1880, as "cotton ties;" and 22 in 1890 and 20 in 1880, as " lightning rods." " Included in " all other industries " in 1890 and 1900. ' Included in other classifications in 1880. Includes custom and neighborhood shops in 1890. • Includes 44 establishments reported as "collars and cuffs " in 1905. Includes custom and neighborhood shops in 1880 and 1890. • Includes 340 establishments in 1890 and 384 in 1880 reported as " furniture, chairs." 'No report received lor this industry in 1880. •Reported as "gloves and mittens " in 1880, 1890, and 1900, and included a few small establishments making gloves and mittens from materials other than leather, but not knit gloves and mittens. 10 MANUFACTURES. Table 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1905, 1900, 1890, AND 1880— Continued. 10 10 14 14 10 14 Gold and silver, leaf and foil. Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore. Graphite and graphite renning.i Grease and tallow. Grindstones. Hairwork 3. Hammocks. Hand knit goods. 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 Hones and whetstones . . . 1905 1900 1890 1880 Hand stamps . Hardware. Hardware, saddlery. Hat and cap materials . Hats and caps other than wool. 8 2 Hats, wool*. 3 Horseshoes'. Hosiery and knit goods . . 14 House furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified. 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 Num- ber of estab- Ush- ments. 83 93 81 60 41 67 38 28 11 11 3 4 300 287 233 156 25 9 14 125 168 492 14 13 6 5 65 85 28 39 224 268 234 46 446 381 350 492 82 80 102 64 65 70 73 64 815 705 237 209 133 48 Capital. $1,071,562 1,086,854 1, 105, 198 498, 500 2,326,009 1,944,124 4,763,397 817, 100 478,182 411, 128 38,614 113,000 10,284,366 7,071,242 4,336,193 2,566,779 1,869,006 903, 348 78, 750 125, 261 1,131,850 760, 113 1,362,993 613,040 289,670 308,254 65, 526 22, 300 279, 54t 204,913 78, 468 152, 700; 1,231,866 1,203,910 998, 873 103, 160 52,884,078 39,311,746 26,271,840 16,363,561 4,319,161 3,335,274 3,376,366 1,656,560 4,264,661 1,744,419 1,709,650 746,828 33,479,470 ' 25,096,548 13,724,002 5, 455, 468 1,646,064 2, 050, 802 4, 142, 224 3,615,830 423,501 216, 836 97, 935 132, 525 1, 227, 457 463, 151 1, 299, 065 1, 079 106, 663, 531 921 81,860,604 796 .50,607,7.38 359 15, 579, 591 9, 872, 445 10, 634, 216 6, 939, 6.=9 456, f SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Num- ber. 481 256 317 126 44 548 226 137 363 2,617 1,844 1,176 239 222 262 114 50 116 2,223 1,369 1,262 40 18 19 4,304 2,809 1,621 543 584 250 Salaries. $85,112 35, 990 102, 629 127, 158 83,484 145, 422 30, 510 20, 750 1,434 582, 749 266, 863 286,396 80,740 57, 805 5,204 97, 799 33,476 380,347 27,164 16. 100 3,756 18,210 13, 362 26, 138 181,895 118,960 306,568 3,.089,806 2, 054, 704 1,255,419 279,490 247,117 286, 970 126,972 60, 408 145, 897 2,410,692 1,618,791 1,460,830 94, 246 66, 766 113, 968 19, .564 5,907 9,219 63,889 35, 757 40,976 4, 436, 941! 3, 124, 798 1,685,153' 581, 757, 628,314 272, 824 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Total. Average number. 1,402 1,163 1,406 955 287 219 883 304 218 137 18 89 3,628 2,040 1,470 1,091 706 1,167 124 231 863 820 1,397 1,172 271 339 80 82 377 304 186 1,814 976 1,052 705 163 31,713 26,463 18, 496 16,801 3,395 2,940 2,917 2,815 2,414 1,371 1,589 1,215 34,208 31,424 25,931 17, 240 1,603 2,108 3,500 6,470 220 189 57 225 232 231 474 4,778 6,212 3,417 592 $662,813 498, 692 698, 167 410, 647 206,263 141,400 625, 608 178, 696 107, 810 64,376 9,008 35,225 2, 114, 355 1,066,693 793,888 556,015 274, 748 407, 153 51,776 57,040 334, 778 287,288 490,254 323,315 91,379 101,626 14,604 17,576 78,583 76, 870 35, 851 137, 720 611,808 490, 036 344,089 14,580,589 11,422,758 8,656,067 6,846,913 1,623,890 1,217,202 1,260,325 960,432 . 848, 761 434, 148 698,455 463,864 17,069,800 14,144,360 12,650,917 6,635,522 619, 194 937, &M 1,249,976 1,893,215 94, 428 72,879 18, 754 52, 961 126,629 117, 427 241,894 Average number. 103,715 31, .536, 024 83,3871 24,3.58,627 59,688 16,578,119 28,885 6,701,475 879, 869 S.S?, 652 506, 929 216, 890 1 Reported as " graphite " in 1880 and 1890. 2 Includes custom and neighborhood shops in 1880 and 1890. ^Includes 216 establishments in 1906 reported as "hats, felt," 68 as "hats, straw," and reported as "fur hats," and 644 as "hats and caps, not including fur hats and wool hats " < Reported as " wool hats " in 1880, 1890, and 1900. » Included in other classifications in 1880. Men 16 years and over. 640 592 724 542 284 217 879 299 214 137 17 3,620 2,026 1,439 1,076 705 1,163 123 231 149 140 284 206 104 84 16 28 45 43 29 50 792 860 597 161 26, 690 22,850 16,252 14,481 2 ! 2,' 663 2,594 2,167 1,676 774 1,100 819 21,901 19,405 16,465 11, 373 1,030 1,358 2,220 3,222 212 182 47 136 216 206 394 26, 167 21, 1,54 14,846 7,517 2,668 3,034 2,515 405 Women 16 years and over. 723 546 Chil- dren under 16 years. 700 676 1,089 937 147 172 64 49 326 260 149 1,378 122 130 67 3,728 2,492 1,632 814 372 210 258 321 549 476 355 11,759 11,642 9,205 5,337 433 651 1,121 1,459 7 1^ 83 13 7 68, 867 53, 565 40, 826 17, 707 1,981 2,066 818 137 62 62 41 4 1,295 1,121 711 1,606 58 67 65 327 13 41 648 377 261 530 40 99 159 789 1 1 9,681 8,668 3,916 3,661 129 112 84, 50i Miscella- neous ex- penses. $163,713 37,677 46, 863 217,236 87,878 354, 113 39,484 16, 038 4,! 1, 269, 879 516,423 278,334 Cost of materials used. 139,985 36,391 5,799 271,648 156,921 282, 162 85,432 24,432 3,369 97, 393 27,616 20,352 276, 549 216, 202 126, 548 5, 045, 210 2,612,416 2,400,827 525,416 334, 350 250, 668 343, 780 103,505 146, 073 4, 429, 871 2,440,285 1, 651, 268 293,208 186,644 249,568 67,669 13,614 1,918 127,332 20, 627 42,019 10,320,176 6, 599, 865 3,627,245 1,362,446 739, 576 366, 750 $1,476,111 1,604,013 1, 834, 716 1,011,792 17,538,379 10,932,361 30,006,096 9,128,811 117, 300 216,660 26,380 144,100 12,369,076 8,751,797 5, 135, 901 11,779,482 264,413 263,811 34,742 85,366 727,688 496, 172 846,045 667, 132 189, 780 242,950 ' 26,536 61,830 195,666 123,471 88,280 239,040 564, 728 522,659 432,687 103,648 16,631,214 14, 605, 244 10,186,442 10,097,677 1,830,108 1,690,168 1, 624, 849 1,861,436 4,216,906 2, 797, 756 2,059,001 1,325,231 27,792,436 24, 420, 585 16, 160, 802 9, 341, 362 1, 369, 810 2,042,202 2, 802, 041 4, 785, 774 103,334 64, 278 6,332 92, 461 255, 742 210,637 519, 449 76, 593, 782 51,071,859 36,861,585 16, 210, 951 9,626,519 9,197,678 4,832,791 812, 361 Value of products, including custom work and repairing. $2,695,298 2,666,224 2,977,791 1,614,040 18,724,095 11,811,537 32,035,520 9,548,188 342,379 429, 173 54,605 210,000 18,814,533 11,953,021 7,474,911 13,730,013 788,049 1,088,909 122, 240 184,555 1,782,491 1,406,216 2,489,061 1,467,723 446,815 480,114 60,264 110,352 518,315 351, 126 205, 775 446,364 2,017,531 1,937.628 1,583,872 318,618 45,770,171 35,846,656 26,726,463 22,653,693 4,820,726 4,149,489 4, 118, 195 3,651,021 6,440,108 3,849,116 3,465,524 2,217,250 59,941,533 49,204,497 37,311,599 21,303,107 2,457,266 3,591,940 6,329,921 8,516,569 307,789 196,323 ■ 54, 136 224, 130 798, 981 497, 619 1,110,032 136,558,139 95, 482, 566 67,241,013 29,167,227 15,010,628 14, 278, 175 8,347,285 1,332,188 415 as "hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool;" and 171 In 1900 GENERAL TABLES. 11 Table 1 — COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1905, 1900, 1890, AND 1880— Continued. 14 14 14 14 10 14 10 Ice, mauulactured. Ink, printing!. Num- ber of esta1> lish- ments. 1905 1900 1890 1880 190,1 191X) 1S90 1880 Ink, writing* 1905 1900 1890 Instruments, professional and scientiJ&c. Iron and steel, Includine blast furnaces, and steel works and rolling mills .3 Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in rolling mills or steel works. Iron and steel, and sbutters. doors Iron and steel forgings . . Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cu t and wrought, including wire nails, not made in rolling mills or steel works. Iron and wrought. pipe. Ivory and bone work. . . . Japanning. Jewelry *. Jewelry and instrument cases. Jute and jute goods. Kaolin and ground earths. Labels and tags. Lamps and reflectors. 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1860 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 Capital. 1,320 775 222 35 60 60 35 63 42 44 38 225 261 233 171 605 668 645 1,005 72 82 100 24 13 138 90 90 91 76 102 138 1,023 851 131 145 95 63 67 47 47 19 142 156 93 74 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Num- ber. $66,592,001 38, 019, 507 9, 846, 468 1, 251, 200 4,609,774 2, 944, 797 1,863,025 1,251,050 1,286,607 876, 717 792, 194 5,382,930 4,475,609 2,996,021 1,342,196 936,327,839 573,391,663 372,678,018 230,971,884 18,912,546 10, 799, 692 10,789,821 4,933,019 1,119,542 261,958 42,550 79, 375 28, 246, 474 9, 675, 993 7, 152, 14.5 3,598,241 8, 741, 916 10, 751, 359 24, 334, 549 3, 877, 805 13,052,606 18, 343, 977 22,622,367 6,129,565 1, 269, 177 939, 714 1,894,549! 775, 564' 595,695! 117,639' 285,794 78, 710 39,678,956 27, 871, 924 22,246,508 11, 431, 164 1, 437, 835 547, 753 634,900 62,000 11,019,132 7,027,293: 1, 645, 636 415, 000' 10, 195, 793 12, 212, 341 3, .334, 575 1,291,527 2,117,6.54 848, 115 646, 815 451, 500^ 7, 795, 527| 6,375,474 2, 550, 214 1,873,6251 2,332 1,531 361 253 136 141 148 127 508 389 393 16, 561 9,211 3,820 Salaries. $2,001,111 1, 226, 331 345, 191 632 420 386 605 322 240 406 431 516 296 193 371 93 90 105 2,603 1,806 1,881 121 62 128 1.52 88 18 253 232 190 197 96 92 510 499 220 Average number. 530,355 344, 689 186,024 191, 497 133, 627 150, 938 632,487 401, 735 414,596 20,751,392 11, 737, 488 5,687,606 912, 220 571,073 467, 748 117, 407 19,452 7,625 824,032 410, 845 324,527 454, 130 444, 301 672, 741 368, 607 266,319 447, 747 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Total. 87, 784 67, 127, 95, 493 40, 653 3, 900 51,004 2, 939, 419 1,842,293 2,232,066 107, 104 34,886 140, 647 330,041 147, 313 23, 001 329,374 256, .584 195, 250 257, 758 119, 889 90,937: 695, 130 068, 516 284, 313 10, 101 6,880 2,826 447 711 603 380 430 285 381 3,437 2,775 1,978 1, "" 242,640 222, 490 148, 715 140,978 8,090 7,660 6,955 5,064 117 46 223 5,665 4, 4, 3,210 3,681 4,477 16,600 2,910 5,416 5,536 11,693 5,210 1,769 1,334 1,240 1,105 426 160 243 183 22,080 20, 468 13,880 13,697 1,676 819 910 138 6,083 4,506 1,194 525 2,157 2,094 1,271 754 618 328 4,429 4,725 2,066 1,730 Wages. Average number. $5, 549, 162 3, 402, 745 1,096,906 140,885 474,987 298, 161 269, 740 230, 284 169, 726 113, 979 150,488 1,823,205 1,428,885 1, 191, 598 588,751 141, 426, 506 120,820,276 78,977,900 65, 476, 785 3,642,268 2,991,857 3,004,454 1,981,300 407,390 85,683 30, 764 103,269 3, 428, 190 2,659,433 2,314,114 1,329,151 1,684,077 2,042,250 7, 144, 253 1, 255, 171 2, 472, 721 2, 495, 898 6, 397, 715 1,788,258 777, 463 629, 051 591, 867 414, 701 187, 736 75, 453 105, 197 65, 562 12,692,846 10,643,887 8,038,327 6, 441, 688 623, 887 322,566 446,927 51,000 1, 917, 1,181,790 368, 585 141, 979 898, 700 820, 678 548, 879 310, 909 609, 439 289, 273 288,960 149, 268 2, 170, .590 2,076,980 1,035,960 742, 423 1 Includes establishments reported as " ink" in 1880. 2 Establishmeats reported as " ink " in 1880 are shown under " ink, printing." 8 Includes 190 establishments reported as " iron and steel, blast furnaces " and 415 as ' < Includes custom and neighborhood shops in 1880 and 1890. Men 16 years and over. 10,029 6,838 2,811 695 489 362 339 203 148 223 2, 2,303 1, — 1,011 239,283 219,618 147,357 133, 203 6,921 6,436 6,087 ■ 4,264 113 44 211 5,618 4,582 4,111 2,977 2,777 3, .569 14, 967 2,011 5,355 5,486 11,403 4,909 1,406 1,041 1,061 843 302 144 167 135 15, 845 13, 771 10, 696 10, 050 794 385 620 102 2,437 1,611 .307 205 2,128 2,"" 1,266 866 872 464 415 191 3,741 3,604 1,870 1,478 Women 16 years and over. 60 10 11 18 79 219 132 146 422 149 37 1,455 1,071 2 45 767 701 310 182 23 11 95 835 794 879 519 5 13 284 253 160 137 117 6 64 24 5,785 6,306 2,968 1, 860 399 272 31 3,083 2,064 720 302 28 419 261 149 81 636 1,011 144 81 Chil- dren under 16 years. 50 23 51 1,902 1,901 1,356 7,730 402 523 558 618 10 3 2 12 47 83 86 138 69 114 754 42 .50 285 288 79 40 19 125 7 10 12 24I 4.50 391 216 22 36 18 5 563 831 167 18 1 3 5 29' 57| 29 54 56 52 110 52 17ll Miscella- neous ex- penses. $4,014,861 1,773,692 477, 485 1, 269, 387 265, 216 162, 554 359, 545 152, 391 47,676 652, 781 481, 222 203,937 47, 161, 970 32, 274, 100 16, 918, 753 970,370 531,095 697,605 144,064 24,298 4,210 1, 141, 120 425, 571 366, 812 703, 848 614, 761 1,244,624 586,261 241, 091 1,095,805 213, 272 66,540 111, . — 60, 751 16,030 21,941 4, 161, 303 2, 066, 238 1, 493, 545 203,675 81, 194 70, 771, 106 674, 986 168, 258 562, 354 270, 4.36 222, 527 294, .528 99, 478 60,882 994, 143 692, 4.59 197, 759 Cost of materials used. $6,011,325 3, 312, 393 940, 699 158, 112 2,612,558 1,63.^916 1, 145, 554 864, 765 858,304 573, 226 519, 231 1,350,153 1,362,581 698,352 444, 425 620,146,360 522,398,932 295,777,843 191,271,150 7,807,239 8,071,071 6,746,304 6,097,011 601,754 115,718 29, 792 296,600 5, 752, 315 5,213,030 4,875,697 3,960,780 4,686,349 8,561,571 22,960,737 3,312,602 12, 746, 619 16, 523, 858 25,988,798 9, 480, 049 1,380,597 930, 224 921,975 754,654 242,238 55, 305 120, 184 63,743 24, 177, 229 22,234,634 16, 110, 219 10,324,990 842,988 435,717 483,441 48, 550 5,054,130 3,015,362 501, 447, 094 1, 868, 901 1,651,335 1, 330, 290 697, 006 957,028 387, 517 402, 371 492,655 3, 682, 551 3, 497, 236 1,542,092 1, 852, 906 Value of products, including custom work and repairing. $23, 790,045 13,780,978 4,900,983 644, 763 6,774,254 3,079,948 2,376,672 1,629,413 1,881,038 1,292,759 1,128,307 5,377,755 4,8,53,335 3,271,616 1,639,094 905, 787, 733 803,968,273 430, 954, 348 296, .557, 685 14,687,108 13, 978, 382 12,373,031 10, 073, 330 1, 477,^5 319, 629 88,515 495,060 12,110,395 10, 438, 442 9,042,563 6,492,028 8,922,896 14, 777, 299 34,227,517 6,629,240 17, 400, 912 21,292,043 37,906,801 13,292,162 2,863,602 1, 873, 357 1, 918, 607 1,454,901 607, 060 215, 506 350, 819 190,080 53,225,681 46,128,659 34, 761, 458 22,201,621 2,291,648 1, 1.56, 977 1,464,053 131, 670 9, 065, 802 5,383,797 1, 120, 121 4, 438, 794 3, 722, 151 2,846,862 1, 465, 767 2, 462, 497 1,104,652 1, 048, 304 865, 825 8, 999, 874 8, 341, .374 4,039,359 3, 357, 829 iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills " in 1905. 12 MANUFACTURES. Table 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1905, 1900, 1890, AND 1880— Continued. 14 Lapidary work . Lard, refined . Laats. 10 Lead, bar, pipu, and sheet. Num- ber ol estab- lish- ments. Leather goods'. 5 Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. 2 9 Lime and cement 3. , Linen goods * Liquors, distilled. Liquors, malt . 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 Liquors, vinous . Lithographing and en- graving. Looking-glass and pic- ture frames.' Lumber and timber prod- acts. ' Lumber, planing mill products, including sash, doors, and blinds. T' 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 Malt. Mantels, slate, marble, and marbleized. 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 l&SO 1905 1900 1890, I880I Capital. 29 55 9 19 17 26 55 65 62 62 32 34 28 32 423 316 164 84 1,049 1,306 1,787 6,628 831 998 873 616 16 18 3 806 965 440 844 1,531 1,507 1,248 2,191 435 359 236 117 248 263 219 167 442 645 1905 19,127 1900 23,053 1890 22,617 1880 25,758 6,009 4,"" 3,670 2,491 141 146 202 216 4 32 90 46 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Num- ber, J2, 383, 862 3,087,390 100,635 176,875 1,162,891 1,335,759 3,898,910 2,513,066 2,008,653 1,484,966 906,820 477,692 5,015,161 3,949,330 4,892,525 2,466,376 8,508,111 5,611,294 3,571,847 1,426,860 242,684,254 173,977,421 98,088,698 73,383,911 121,558,746 48,786,730 18,752,396 6,332,338 6,293,878 6,688,999 908,589 906,800 60,101,362 32,540,004 31,006,176 24,247,595 515,636,792 413,767,233 232,471,290 91,208,224 17,775,240 9,838,015 6,792,783 2,581,910 26,537,781 22,676,142 15,490,127 4,501,825 7,633,863 5,600,301 8,554,995 4,437,666 517,224,128 400,857,337 657,881,054 181,465,392 177,145,734 118,948,556 120,271,440 38,070,593 47,934,204 39,288,102 24,293,864 14,390,441 141,954 780,176 1,8.54,759 750,300l 102 43 37 77 54 130 186 97 78 177 151 143 912 638 363 3,251 2,442 2,635 2,743 1,406 667 Salaries. $109,053 50, 967 40,844 107, 579 79, 675 187,940 223,249 108,250 85,989 238,813 201,619 169, 133 883,426 662, 140 381,183 4,451,906 3,158,842 2,735,890 3,180,772 1,415,685 ' 528,909 109 117 661 581 9,055 7,146 4,643 492 344 234 1,691 1,497 18,485 14,238 20,375 9,745 6,677 6,966 444 290 70 184 164,831 142,941 13,070 1,392,511 889,606 668,825 17,315,707 13,038,440 7,669,161 WAGE-EAENEBS AND WAGES. Total. Average number. 672,905 365,498 181,280 2,367,615 1,968,388 1,291,844 954,591 788,636 1,410,696 19,873,092 12.500,857 11; 203, 757 9,960,230 6,245,182 6,748,224 746,990 471,316 513,025 2,880 68,391 207,742 507 498 92 252 441 499 888 1,181 1, 1,131 696 637 646 605 637 571 7,785 6,293 2,997 1,430 67,239 52,109 42,392 40,282 32,388 19,085 13,043 5,669 3,811 3,283 574 1,414 6,356 3,720 4,762 6,602 48,139 39,459 30,257 26,220 1,913 1,163 1,048 967 12,614 12,994 9,656 4,322 6,625 6,029 7, — 6; 183 404,626 413,336 311,964 148,290 97,674 73,510 79,923 37,187 2,054 1,990 3,328 2,332 87 431 1,520 725 Wages. 1656,627 498, 716 58,642 142,075 219,387 237, 930 460,102 546,258 797,714 649,654 485,743 308,975 405,026 321,698 383,188 316,363 3,137,125 2,271,755 1,237,587 687,208 27,049,152 22,591,091 21,249,989 16,603,828 15,301,540 7,740,735 4,944,313 1,579,313 1,324,621 1,036,839 167,134 384,046 2,657,025 1,732,798 2,246,064 2,663,967 34,542,897 25,776,468 20,713,383 12,198,053 1,001,554 446,055 299,453 216,559 8,198,676 6,882,168 6,855,330 2,307,302 3,314,735 2,550,371 3,846,857 2,471,105 183,021,519 148,007,845 87,934,284 31,893,098 50,713,607 32,621,704 42,221,856 14,431,654 1,182,513 1,690,175 1,004,548 56,403 279,126 953, 119 313,009 Average number. Men 16 years and over. 492 469 87 207 415 438 686 1,030 1,194 1,108 694 497 645 602 635 551 4,836 3,626 1,' 1,221 64,517 50,402 41,733 39,081 32,248 18,930 12,947 5,493 1,260 1,044 218 411 5,068 3,621 4,753 6,462 46,986 38,312 29, 491 26,001 1,816 1,099 1,016 781 10,375 10,446 7,851 3,641 6,950 5,229 6,937 6,224 401,209 408,058 306,177 141,831 95,967 71, 78,293 35, 168 2,052 1, — 3,. 328 2,320 87 4.30 1,512 690 Women 16 years and over. 18 17 15 20 141 46 2 3 18 1 2 2 5 2,626 2,392 905 158 1,814 1,173 264 475 53 36 7 7 1,990 1,787 295 930 270 81 643 504 250 29 87 61 26 67 2,007 2,146 1,496 308 479 485 585 316 911 1,728 2,501 442 432 238 141 102 1 4 Chil- dren under 16 years. 6 11 6 28 11 41 61 105 12 20 2 22 323 275 94 51 534 395 726 87 120 89 169 661 452 61 73 17 18 6 40 510 643 616 190 129 232 402 309 373 196 316 406 643 2,606 3,649 3,286 6,017 1,275 1,386 1,489 1,927 1 Miscella- neous ex- penses. J125,626 78,899 13,294 160,448 127,600 845,116 328,457 142,006 62,192 338,486 222,135 208,645 1,451,724 869,981 234,695 12,498,501 7,023,416 6,397,672 6,050,077 2,291,693 984,009 403,401 387,095 65,583 95,524,151 73,218,142 65,179,927 119,462,138 109,160,960 48,276,290 1,591,491 552,338 270,377 3,348,560 2,.590,544 1,155,653 1,972,163 782,432 1,019,920 83,136,280 40,295,488 25,324,063 Coat of materials used. 13,654,313 7,215,279 6,594,958 2,207,711 916,866 1,305,246 ]7,8.'->0 106,332 108,899 $6,223,675 4,655,765 124,862 226,277 8,640,178 7,496,845 12,654,360 21,948,826 767,712 526,670 331,225 221,905 7,910,180 6,279,497 6,888,157 4,363,209 9,626,614 6,191,058 3,324,828 l,511,r-" 191,179,073 155,000,004 122,946,721 156,384,117 22,378,182 11,039,727 5,667,. — 2,649,189 3,740,669 2,550,517 268,907 1,131,875 25,625,858 15,145,363 14,909,173 27,744,245 74,911,619 51,598,247 64,003,347 56,836,500 5,693,394 3,689,330 1,318,012 1,340,629 8,349,823 7,886,045 6,265,464 2,755,264 4,975,121 4,729,282 7,069,115 4,831,248 183,786,210 242,685,257 242,662,296 146,312,937 143,137,662 99,668,501 104,926,834 45,268,462 23,620,984 14,816,741 17,100,074 14,321,423 95,735 475,038 1,254,067 476,431 Value of products, including custom work and repairing. $7,646,814 6,786,281 316,604 644,089 6,128,601 8,630,901 15,474,848 23, 195, 702 2,519,771 1,879,742 1,239,065 766,296 9,277,462 7,477,824 8,361,754 6,600,671 17,655,345 11,787,611 6,291,507 2,736,543 252,620,986 204,038,127 172,136,092 200,264,944 54,788,477 28,673,735 16,741,801 8,772,318 6,856,388 4,368,159 547,273 1,802,451 131,269,886 96,793,681 104,197,869 41,063,663 298,358,732 236,914,914 182,731,622 101,058,385 11,097,853 6,547,310 2,846,148 2,169,193 25,245,266 22,240,679 17,988,157 6,912,338 13,269,645 10,846,929 16,376,173 9,596,219 580,022,690 655,197,271 437,957,382 233,608,886 247,441,956 167,786,122 183,681,552 73,424,681 30,288,984 19,373,600 23,442,559 18,273,102 223,706 1,113,796 3,127,662 1,030,660 I Includes 2 establishments In 1900, 8 in 1890, and 24 in 1880 reported as " leather board," 17 in 1890 and 3 In 1880 reported as "bellows," and 139 in 1890 and 57 in 1880 as "leather goods." • Includes 38 establishments In 1890 reported as "leather, dressed skins," 121 as "leather, morocco," 32 as "leather, patent and enameled," and 1,596 as "leather, tanned, and curried;" and 2,319 in 1880 as "leather, curried," 202 as "leather, dressed skins," 2 as "leather, patent and enameled," and 3,105 as "leather, tanned." At the census oi 1880 establishments engaged in both tanning and currying made a separate report lor each branch of the industry and were counted twice. " Includes 176 establishments reported as "gypsum wall plaster," 626 as "lime," and 129 as '^cement," in 1905. ' Includes 1 establishment reported as "thread, linen," in 1880. » Includes custom and neighborhood shops in 1880 and 1890. 'Includes 21,011 establishments in 1890 reported as "lumber and other mill products from logs or bolts," and 1,606 as "timber products, not manufactured at mUl," and 25,708 in 1880 as "lumber, aawed,"^45 as "shingles, split," and 5 as "veneering." Includes custom mills in 1880 and 1890. 'Includes 1,203 establishments reported as "lumber, planed," and 1,288 as "sash, doors, and blinds," in 1880. GENERAL TABLES. 13 Table 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1905, 1900, 1890, AND 1880— Continued. Marble and stone work'. . Matches. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 2 Mats and matting. 14; Mattresses and spring beds.- Millinery and lace goods. 9 Millstones'. 7 Mineral and soda waters ^ 1906 1900 1890 1S80 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 190O 1890 1880 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 9 Mirrors. Mixed textiles < 14 Models and patterns, not including paper pat- terns.' Monuments and tomb- stones. ^ 14 10 Mucilage and paste. Musical instruments and materials, not specified. Musical instruments, or- gans and pianos, and piano and organ mate- rials.' Needles, pins, and hooks and eyes.' Nets and seines . Oakum s. Oil. castor. Oil, cottonseed and cake. . 1905 1900 1S90 1880 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 Capital. 1,642 1,055 1,321 2,846 23 22 2- 37 12 9 24 12 716 589 357 591 278 247 3 4 16 3,469 2,763 1,377 512 119 103 . 45 7 470 547 530 456 233 1, 1,265 2,052 111 116 55 181 229 293 84 444 390 381 345 46 52 55 45 12 19 22 13 715 369 119 45 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEKKS, ETC. Num- ber. »66,526,724 39,559,140 24,041,961 16,498,221 5,334,035 3,893,000 1,941,092 2,114,850 838,607 994, 155 392,639 212,000 14,513,608 7,998,573 6,662,929 1,749,750 17,849,821 10,764,813 6,630,210 2,678,880 49,450 178,900 28,100,022 19,726,890 10,781,817 2,^69,561 3,859,469 3,184,426 1,695,772 155,800 37,996,057 2,896,827 . 2,249,984 1,594.804 447, 351 15,817,344 12,643,030 13,073,232 2,430,311 1,220,426 748, 826 3,100 3,743,469 3,896,101 1,329,329 654,850 68,481,910 43, 810, 481 28,321,160 13,791,915 5,331,939 4,617,552 2, 269, 707 1,564,738 2,043,405 1, 160, 782 1, 136, 764 140,650 488,502 416, 199 275,675 625,018 539,221 621,798 474,000 73,770,417 34,451,461 12,808,996 3, 862, 300 2 l|692 176 66 59 1,254 851 1,019 Salaries. $3,389,219 1,755,441 2,118,907 2,754 1,692 709 1,576 1,423 1,798 302 269 138 242 118 525 964 844 2,323 158 166 95 226 168 326 2,722 1,518 1,006 200 136 3,229 1,669 396 178,340 87,115 70,655 67,035 31,000 39,607 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Total. Average number. 1,252,711 769,808 896,344 2,296,446 1,392,904 926,408 7,816 6,100 1,393,240 1,160,682 1,426,705 331,771 277, 419 190,828 238, 379 113,413 490, 112 868, 579 616,607 1,901,991 166, 998 154,728 79,629 261, 766 141,745 267,067 3, 727, 930 2, 014, 626 1,400,668 252, 818 147, 207 120, 891 101,948 63, 546 27, 864 14, 050 16, 922 10,300 27,294 17,320 25,599 3, 062, 157 1, 679, 252 414, 047 Wages. 40,905 30,641 21,960 21,471 3,185 2,047 1,696 2,219 625 1,197 383 285 10,427 7,649 6,318 2,394 27,500 16,871 11,118 6,656 37 24 174 10,879 8,788 5,919 2,726 2,649 2,655 1,404 77 43,373 2,780 2,607 1,627 815 12, 624 10,614 9,778 470 468 300 2,139 2,406 1,056 573 33,081 21,309 17,040 10, 777 3,965 2,653 1,827 1, 305 824 748 618 210 142 171 142 43 49 77 108 15, ko 11,007 5,906 3,319 $26,032,725 16,328,174 15,314,598 10,238,885 1,100,890 612,715 473,566 535,911 249,104 237,282 172,874 125,129 4,815,907 3,102,013 2,763,953 868,326 10,307,241 5,817,855 4,626,021 1,661,044 20,957 12,764 96,534 6,487,901 4,079,770 2,780,163 1,065,633 1,374,807 1,231,689 842,407 42,J00 13,316,763 1, 788, 184 1,564,948 1,005,145 421,857 8, 213, 030 6,236,006 6,028,025 237, 349 193, 082 119, 782 3,090 1,162,068 1,232,039 605, 110 293, 062 18,627,078 11,642, 11,043,538 6, 805, 732 1, 596, 923 1,067,364 756,655 480,536 243,561 222, 146 190, 121 64, 112 48, 945 51,343 46,816 28, 256 29, 068 44,532 44,714 4,837,694 3,143,469 1,493,780 Average number. Men 16 years ■ and over. 40,718 30,467 21,844 21,112 1,764 1,054 780 437 Women 16 years and over. 199 6,911 4,906 1,770 3,683 2,654 2,524 971 37 24 170 10,387 8,192 5,642 2,480 2,502 2,293 1,346 74 17,471 2,563 2,399 1,536 763 12, 681 10,694 9,739 376 323 268 1,890 2,144 981 628 31,322 20, 254 16, 680 10,397 1,862 1,362 1,017 743 84 83 104 79 124 141 124 77 107 15, 497 10,936 6,814 3,114 75 65 51 23 1,248 793 847 1,120 182 12 1, 1,649 1,149 466 23,400 14,036 8,552 6,248 190 302 100 27 119 173 45 Chil- dren under 16 years. 20,620 193 167 60 21 17 6 10 81 117 48 191 226 54 29 1,233 556 298 146 1,860 1,148 787 443 716 646 614 114 17 26 4 112 119 66 173 200 69 231 13 71 74 1,58 189 263 1.58 417 182 42 336 302 294 177 219 28 89 13 3 6,382 34 51 41 31 14 29 13 18 3 1 58 35 21 16 626 600 62 234 243 143 23 119 24 19 17 17 37 172 Mipcella- neous ex- penses. $5,483,406 2,658,732 1,772,017 422,704 463,045 124,800 119,590 46,6,38 26,661 2,678,588 1,016,744 680,386 4,588,563 1,645,167 742, 163 5,273 1, Cost ot jnaterials used. 4,660,929 2,177,049 1,286,677 667,967 323,798 169,594 434,994 245,461 158, 814 2,467,214 1,092,367 970,368 343, 764 169,553 67,581 426, 823 271,093 178,488 7, 138, 171 3,512,621 2,215,828 687,471 247, 229 104,682 136,425 81,428 63, 920 23,929 16, 6,679 49,927 13,839 28,314 4, 860, 278 2,433,912 1, 163, 586 Value of products, including custom work and repairing. $19,147,612 13,180,636 16,232,430 12,743,345 3,284,855 3,420,740 935,008 3,298,562 674,168 516,137 301,591 233,707 16,326,931 10,227,096 8,727, 3,116,471 26,2.58,916 15,664,296 .8,588,342 6,142,091 30,995 18,294 172,725 10,002,292 8,566,3.51 4,662,803 2,117,764 4,587,349 4,995,671 3,274,131 212,500 37,327,741 922,081 824,852 610,636 223,906 8,766,417 7,890,137 7,636,474 2,300,626 1,613,442 765,034 8,770 1,129,939 1, 206, 337 610, 664 386,776 27,986,627 17,370,686 13,925,499 7,975,451 1,583,644 1,227,997 776,057 806,999 1,140,616 865, 908 634,634 180, 215 240,929 283, 862 231,733 487,292 293,408 431,231 384, 890 80,029,863 46,166,823 14,363,126 6,091,251 $63,059,842 42,2.'50,457 41,924,264 31,415,160 6,646,741 6,006,937 2,193,638 4,668,446 1,242,998 1,166,330 608,625 439,370 27,755,288 17,955,678 15,683,932 5,288,234 60,777,768 29,469,406 18,047,067 9,677,840 75,922 47,152 356,619 30,251,150 23,268,876 14,353,746 4,741,709 7,605,435 8,004,301 6,000,533 304,000 66,221,703 4,645,004 3,834,498 2,734,395 1,020,660 26,688,607 20,322,981 20,671,498 3,666,423 2,656,499 1,276,611 16,700 3,481,710 3, .394, 734 1,888,613 863,746 66,092,630 41,024,244 34,979,656 18,400,993 4,750,689 3,237,982 2,109,469 1,748,101 1,724,912 1,476,022 1,002,196 291, 765 361, 198 440, 237 363,400 642,666 395, 400 573,363 653,900 96,407,621 68, 726, 632 19,335,947 7,690,921 > Includes 477 establishments reported as "artificial stone" in 1905. Includes custom and neighborhood shops in 1880 and 1890. 'Includes custom and neighborhood shops in 1880 and 1890. » Included in "all other industries" in 1906. • Included in other classifications In 1890, 1900, and 1905. » Includes 7 establishments in 1890 and 3 In 1880 reported as " cigar molds." 'Included In "marble and stone work" in 1880. Iholudes custom and neighborhood shops In 1890. .,;,,...,, .^ 'Includes 94 establishments in 1905 reported as "musical instruments, organs," 249 as "musical Instruments, pianos," and 101 as musical Instruments, piano ana organ materials;" 129 in 1900, 145 in 1890, and 171 in 1880, reported as " musical instrumento, organs and materials, ' and 261 in 1900, 236 In 1890, and 174 in 1880 reported as " musical instruments, pianos and materials." ., , • Includes 9 establishments in 1900, 10 in 1890, and 6 In 1880 reported as " hooks and eyes." • Included in other classifications in 1880. 14 MANUFACTURES. Table 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1905, 1900, 1890, AND 1880— Continued. 14 14 00, essential. Oil, lard. Oil, Unseed . on, not elsewhere speci- fled.i Oilcloth and linoleum, floor. OUcloth, enameled. Oleomargarine . Optical goods ' Ordnance and ordnance stores.^ Paints , Paper and wood pulp < Paper goods, not else- where specified. 3 Paper patterns. Patent medicines and compounds.^ Paving materials •. , Pencils, lead. Pens, fountain and stylo- graphic. » Pens, gold. Pens, steel. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. q U 1905 52 IHUll 47 1890 67 ISiiU 124 1905 5 1900 7 1,H«0 7 1S8U 28 1905 30 19(10 48 1890 62 1880 81 1905 181 19110 195 1890 137 1880 76 1905 16 1900 18 1890 19 1880 25 1905 11 1900 9 1X911 9 1880 4 1905 14 1900 24 1X911 12 1880 15 1905 122 190(1 91 189(1 191 1880 62 1905 4 1900 4 1890 4 1905 449 10,1.1 419 189!) 382 1880 244 1905 761 19011 763 189(1 64S 1880 742 1905 232 190(1 19C 1890 66 1905 26 190(1 15 1X9(1 27 1880 4 1905 2,245 190(1 1,719 1X9i: 1,127 1X80 563 1905 54 i9()i: 9E 1X9;: 704 1880 46 1905 8 looi: 7 1X9(: 5 1880 4 1905 33 190(1 23 1890 15 1905 16 19011 22 18911 IS 1X80 16 1905 5 1911(1 3 1890 3 1880 3 Capital. $723, 004 676, 286 102, 223 67, 755 213, 952 369, 773 481,526 1, 127, SOO 9,849,695 15,460,512 14,003,358 6,872,750 11,014,605 9,626,984 4, 936, 763 2,014,298 10, 108, 107 7, 176, 198 3,704,436 3,429,550 3, 695, 125 1, 702, 904 772, 820 315, 000 1,650,776 3, 023, 646 634,532 1,680,300 S, 380, 766 4,212,268 2, 608, 176 643, 825 3,278,190 3,468,713 - 7,639,991 65, 783, S59 42,501,782 34, 009, 203 13, 555, 292 277,444,471 167,607,713 89,829,548 48, 139, 662 18, 198, 221 11,370,586 2,922,449 2, 236, 860 255, 775 156, 106 105, 100 46, 611, 640 36, 677, 833 18, 696, 823 10, 620, 880| 5,218,399; 13,464,451 12,648,093' 745, 750] 4,980,820 2,227,4'15 3,100,SJu 341,59/- 1,097,826 590,629 142,265 446,933 496, 246 473,964 370, 150 575, 788 357,460 399, 182 182,500 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Num- ber. 156 2a5 187 663 789 407 183 105 62 206 394 64 316 375 337 31 81 31 3,044 2,512 1,693 3,778 2,935 1,348 1,145 720 128 693 92 5,928 6,304 2,332 157 173 1,010 283 81 64 190 84 24 34 62 62 Salaries. $40, 002 24, 733 8,568 8,620 24,426 29,024 423, 309: 446,247 308, 718 873, 133 968, 015 492, 582 300, 151 193,939 92, 203 61,079 100,584 29, 702 253, 090 412,012 91, 752 427,072 287,012 290, 078 46,413 96, 001 34,8X8 3,654,289 3,077,3181 2,036,869 6,097,032 4,500,911 1, 770, 657 1,305,875 922,689 153, 828 489, 919 . 72, 048 46, 212 5; 923, 674 5, 2&5, 134 2, 138, 819 197, 177 183,565 1,026,672 Average number. 396,027 111.8901 130, 300' 156, 967 80,808 28,902 42,287 67,522 75, 124 60,487 21,416 20, 143 I WAGE-EARNERS AKD WAGES. Total. 132 168 197 278 44 78 94 432 1,349 1,328 1,416 1,261 1,411 848 536 3,355 2,718 1,521 1,735 628 512 341 268 622 1,084 264 699 4,330 3,715 2,507 1,' 9,781 8,151 7,044 4,483 65, 964 49,646 31, 050 25,631 9,842 6,117 1,519 1,082 835 409 97 10,! 11, 606 7,058 4,025 1,919 2,436 21, 720 757 3,065 2,162 1. 399 624 318 152 . 309 378 301 264 663 473 496 280 Wages. $69, 711 61,415 28,924 24,030 23, 028 42, 205 63,: 161, 672 785, 634 693,311 977, 344 681, 677 715, 660 520, 958 260, 239 1,719,938 1,327,235 745,-'"" 733, 236 223, 819 300, 878 182, 759 116, 627 316,736 634,444 164, 138 212,962 1,923,225 1,599,072 1, 010, 374 450, 897 186,993 615,280 1,064,418 5, 063, 177 3, 929, 787 3, .568, 767 2, 132, 266 32, 019, 212 20,746,426 13, 204, 828 8, 970, 133 3,712,637 2, 242, 702 611,353 444,659 262, 259 108, 526 40,538 4,351,867 4, 334, 425 2,955,383 1,651,596 952,884 1, 143, 799 9,425,298 244,339 1,069,076 683,281 450, 460 102,233 307,688 141,012 73,897 225, 454 229,679, 185,545 172,207, 204,778] 138, 433 132, 032 88,500 Average number. Men 16 years and over. 127 161 197 273 44 77 94 424 1,345 1,321 1,882 1,378 1,236 1,355 810 522 3,216 2,626 1,477 1,690 618 612 336 216 611 1,007 262 661 2,948 2,522 i,r- 872 977 1,425 8,775 7,357 6,460 4,192 66, 827 41,647 24, 015 17, 317 4,620 3,135 971 239 109 47 13 4,959 5,620 4,231 2,604 1,919 2,428, 21, 703 7561 1,282 758 483 116 502 241 128 290 337 277 226 Women 16 years and over. 68 141 34 4 2 10 66 11 18 1,1 1,022 507 113 1 12 2 966 744 619 188 7,930 6,767 7,648 4,982 2,836 822 718 361 6,673 6,883 2,670 1,186 1,607 1,087 632 144 110 66 24 17 38 23 19 553 371 322 230 Chil- dren under 16 years. 2 41 1 12 1 20 284 171 132 103 41 60 65 103 2.55 169 268 666 240 147 109 348 203 1.57 335 16 2 176 317 273 139 12 11 Miscella- neous ex- penses. $78, 886 48,763 34,462 33, 137 47, 182 102,663 2,637,497 659, 606 1, 321, 461 1, 658, 960 2, 054, 735 965,088 901,374 433,068 195, 764 468, 171 88,889 66,929 522, 230 2,489,784 386,563 493,276 440, 297 228, 028 61,666 277, 268 18,886 6, 055, 367 3, 430, 061 3, 039, 427 16, 440, 041 10, 184, 106 6, 770, 681 2, 546, 332 1, 042, 923 234, 325 B92, 769 29, 055 54,867 26, 189, 770 17,950,200 7,063,311 469,848 245,620 1, 147, 236 860,070 278, 176 164,528 312,372 113,334 12, 380 61,407 42,740 82, 753 Cost of materials used. $1,110,470 588,694 129, 736 125, 167 681,637 971,647 920,660 4,184,460 23, 163, 151 24, 396, 775 19, 374, 643 12, 874, 294 13, 756, 074 10, 043, 629 5, 938, 842 2, 944, 335 6,779,263 4, 853, 260 2, 380, 295 3, 118, 708 3,270,746 2,696,412 983, 618 864,200 4, 397, 538 7,639,601 2, 176, 264 6, 486, 141 2, 319, 949 2, 100, 622 1, 324, 306 417, 472 131,612 802, 706 743, 348 46,306,183 33,799,386 24, 930, 532 17,062,552 111,251,478 70,530,236 44,228,480 34,862,132 12, 743, 669 9,819,820 2,627,464 337,022 124, 804 85,269 44,000 21,293,061 18, 000, 441 11, 030, 916 6, 704, 729 2,666,987 1,682,373 13,891,005 676, 301 1,803,634 1,030,917 796,378 97,344 892,206 361,932 123,214 274,235 312,637 235,628 190,906 'Includes 6 establishments in 1890 and 7 in 1880 reported as "oil, illuminating, not including petroleum refining-' 8 in 1890 and 3 in 1880 as " oil, resin;" and 15 in 1880 as ■' oil, neat's foot." ' Reported as "spectacles and eye glasses" in 1880. Includes custom and neighborhood shops in 1880 and 1890 ' Included in other classifications In 1880. 'Includes 82 establishments in 1890 reported as "pulp, wood," and 60 in 1880 reported as "wood pulp." > Includes custom and neighborhood shops in 1880 and 1890. "Includes construction work in 1880 and 1890. 62 63,011 103,005 473,847 37 37,405 52,466 294,340 33 6,295 66,630 268,269 16 38,960 164,000 124 in 1890 and 51 in 1880 as " oil, lubricatine;" Value of products, including custom work and repairing. $1,464,662 813, 495 256,847 248,868 796, 111 1,221,841 1, 181, 613 4,721,066 27,577,162 27, 184, 331 23,534,306 15,393,812 22,127,253 17,483,799 9,994,930 3,933,058 10,388,237 7, 807, 105 3, 877, 822 4,762,587 4,404,009 3,595,515 1,603,265 1,062,000 5,573,725 12,499,812 2,988,625 6, 892, 939 6, 116, 910 5,211,432 3,506,973 1, 182, 142 567,903 2,239,797 2,424,662 67,277,910 60, 874, 996 40,438,171 23,390,767 188, 715, 189 127, 326, 162 78,937,184 57,366,860 22, 169, 202 16, 785, 269 4, 179, 236 2,265,125 562, 353 377, 456 612, 650 74,620,766 58. 988. 181 32. 620. 182 14,682,494 6,033,086 3,935,593 30,644,072 1,024,243 4,425,896 2,222,276 1,687,660 279,427 2,082,005 906,464 351,775 692,029 799,078 718,070 633,061 GENERAL TABLES. Table 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1905, 1900, 1890, AND 1880— Continued. 15 Num- ber of estab- Ush- menta. Perfumery and coBmetics. 1905 1900 Petroleum, refining • . 14 Pbonographs and graph- opbones.2 Photographic apparatus . Photographic materials . Photolithographing and photoengraving.' Pickles, preserves, and sauces.^ Capital. 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 189C 190f 190; 189 Pipes, tobacco - Plated ware . Plumbers' supplies*. 5 Poclietbooks . 14 Pottery, terra cotta, and fire clay prcducts.s Printing and pubUshing, book and job.^ Printing and publishing, music* Printing and pubUshing, newspapers and period- icals.' Printing materials . Pulp, from fiber other than wood.!" Pulp goods 5 Pumps, not including steam pumps. 1906 190C 189C 190; 190; 189 190i 190, 189( 188C 1905 190C 189C 188C 190.; 190: 189' 188: 1905 i9o: 189: 1906 1900 1890 1905 190D 1890 1880 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 292 262 167 67 40l 4S, 90 105 45 5 223 203 528 424 316 109 37 185 174 122 46 68 62 53 873 1,000 707 752 6,919 4,125 3, 145 87 79 18,038 15,306 12,362 77 70 64 27 115 130 256 411 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Num- ber. 84,843,026 3,490,173 2,238,901 813,827 136,280,541 95,327,892 77,416,296 8,740,618 3,348,282 1,988,463 1,849,724 362,834 90,800 5,731,462 3,668,026 1,172,640 63,000 4,070,813 1,994,421 1,134,873 19,439,640 10,992,677 4,913,459 841,023 1,255,576 1,111,144 1,432,753 233,800 13,830,480 16,486,471 13, 150, 990 5,862,025 20,290,463 13,698,628 9,678,107 2,127,824 991,876 1,121,834 598,350 110,926,018 65,951,885 26,127,104 7,366,323 142,015,638 97,758,968 67,301,355 63,003,704 3,487,017 2,313,966 1,816,205 239,518,524 192,443,708 126,269,885 1,008,889 905,603 1,370,487 199,900 479, 158 583,837 3,197,832 2,316,985 418,045 3,230,038 1,260,710 3,540,097 2,383,482 816 808 369 Salaries. $877,091 757,695 376, 169 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Average number. 1,974 2,724,065 1,201 1,811,400 1,068 1,117,011 537 144 317 165 43 838 304 116 968 484 207 2,179 1,865 675 120 139 Total. 474 477 302 1,025 917 538 157 124 140 3,752 2,777 1,316 15,449 9,906 8,032 739 314 239 48,78: 27,57! 20,120 94 64 151 204 95 386 666,489 179, 145 278,420 129, 618 46, 184 830, 287 323,676 118,018 933,617 460, 120 228,279 2,286,517 1,701,598 608,427 80,570 108,890 159, 181 647,685 702,635 420,045 1,213,908 987,282 646,629 234,446 146,219 170,081 4,627,739 3,011,512 1,269,111 15,399,727 8,830,413 8,270,784 609,144 244,616 224, 799 47,128,711 27,015,791 17, 777, 173 I 106, 786 64,063 148,010' 7,200 24,360 83, 150 91,685 27,550 215,376 83,677 317, .5711 Average number. 2,' 1,764 1,396 741 16,770 12, 199 11,403 3,397 1,267 1,751 1 1,96 506 104 2,061 1, ■"" 783 63 3,876 2,691 1,146 8,511 7,225 3,677 1,947 1,585 1,206 645 6,281 6,392 6,617 4,675 10,763 8,024 4,947 2,281 1,653 1,208 1,413 52,428 43,714 18,980 JO, 221 87,746 67,610 60, 399 68,606 577 778 462 96,868 94,604 85,975 357 660 715 191 121 152 691 252 1,404 632 1,754 1,731 Men 16 years and over. J768,537 568,646 601,620 238,269 9,989,367 6,717,087 6,872,467 1,683,903 608,490 872,963 779,890 262, 766 ■ 41,314 923,252 662,958 420,248 26,310 2,916,073 1,749,578 760,619 3,068,263 2,238,437 1,158,892 259, 454 830,801 737,647 571,815 226,306 3,360,425 3, 088, 224 3,355,260 2,453,361 5,996,361 3,930, "'■ 2,657,685 796,985 588, 595 491,911 484,947 25,177,665 17,691,737 8,869,032 3,600,727 48,720,854 33,641,701 27, 762, 177 30,541,667 340, 176 375,202 223,783 59,830,768 50,333,061 60,824,369 239,036 232,799 338,096 98,878 28,462 68,906 283,668 283,835 111,484 718,941 247, 193 827,574 652,749 Women 16 years and over. 663 520 542 362 16, 256 11,936 10,886 3,026 1,114 1,473 1,662 436 1, 185 994 687 31 3,341 2,622 1,056 4,356 3,697 1,964 692 1,687 1,284 1,024 600 5,187 6,349 6,480 3,742 10,436 7,639 4,759 968 730 45,342 38, 171 16,402 7,i 65,293 61,743 39,644 45,890 465 668 76,817 73,663 70, 424 338 603 • 519 164 103 160 587 638 228 1,391 620 1,740 1,692 1,388 1,205 838 357 364 146 Chil- dren under 16 years. 260 230 58 835 450 194 30 451 118 73 4,004 3,232 1,685 230 225 212 163 65 998 979 974 831 260 245 73 997 596 406 416 5,963 4,481 2,023 19,975 13, 769 9,367 6,777 111 181 72 17,528 14,815 9,587 14 32 180 7 16 32 432 198 616 151 296 108 Miscella^ neous ex- penses. 96 64 163 102 68 140 115 76 99 72 107 1, 1,062 655 1,391 2,478 2, — 1, 5,839 11 29 24 2,523 6,136 5,964 6 25 16 20 1 2 19 9 7 !>' 13! 36; 12,486,801 1,182,620 421,336 6,297,508 3,330,851 2,069,268 1,653,762 215,401 471,592 229,886 28,263 1,544,790 453,092 91,356 874, ( 398, ( 145, ( Cost of materials used. $4,781,603 3,136,017 2, 128, 420 1,201,409 139,387,213 102,869,341 67,918,723 4, 161, 827,529 786,817 595,926 164,620 40,658 3,375,713 2,782,285 1, 107, 269 89,900 1,303,147 725,""" 641,395 4,060,397 16,634,868 2,606,383 13,875,079 628,283 6,328,641 1,472,639 183,800 125, 189 95,545 1,691,366 768,939 1,276,431 1,896,324 847, 094 650,938 238, 115,913 101,933 7,666,063 3,260,721 2,003,007 Value of products, including custom work and repairing. 33,115,809 16,690,132 10,882,612 1,715,363 663,097 362, 117 67,638,099 38,544,642 35,727,039 196,266 98,984 121,874 13, 191 33,202 91,617 76,271 46,228 310, 142 80,380 226,377 1,364,348 1,106, — 626,668 209,518 5,448,619 6,876,312 4,647,890 4,100,116 9,923,810 7,289,867 6,853,709 1,926,723 1,278,226 968,948 930,033 16,591,462 11,916,236 5,618,401 2,909,063 62,575,110 36,191,682 29, 602, 178 32,660,396 541,220 449,674 401,416 70,358,000 60,214,904 38,966,322 372,480 406,357 567, 638 190, 353 42, 204 126, 902 719, 161 646,639 122,851 1,192,754 637,768 1,681,275 2,038,634 I " Petroleum, refining " formed part of a separate report in 1880 and was not included m the general statistics of manufactures, nncluded in "aU other mdustries" in 1890; no report received for this mdustry m 1880. ■ Reported as "photolithographing and engravmg" in 1890. Included in other classifications m 1880. < Includes custom and neighborhood shops in 1880 and 1890. 5 Included in other classifications in 1880. .. „„„ ..a. j _li. ». j .e ., eincludes 51 estabhshments reported as "drain and sewer pipe," 686 as stone and earthen ware, and 15 as $11,132,858 7, 087, 704 4,630,141 2,203,004 176,005,320 123,929,384 86,001,198 10,237,075 ■ 2,246,274 3,479,317 2,026,063 624,342 104,305 9,543,980 5,773,325 2,121,387 142,000 7,268,262 4,190,002 2,071,580 29,696,287 23,477,136 9,790,855 2,407,342 2,834,496 2,471,908 1,881,262 628,688 12,138,886 12,608,770 11,602,966 8,696,181 21,542,485 14,771,185 11,960,464 3,767,446 2,495,188 2,165,462 1,769,036 64,200,792 44,263,386 22,067,090 8,977,333 182,611,720 121,798,476 93,909,432 90,970,341 4,147,783 2,272,385 1,683,333 309,327,606 222,983,569 179,869,750 1,207,163 1,088,432 1,459,434 421,316 103,204 524,243 1,467,407 1,267,013 352,682 2,852,623 1,341,713 4,103,410 3,644,631 Dotteryproducts"hil890. . ^. ,, . ,„,,„ 'Includes 27 estabhshments reported as "printing, tip m 1890. •'postal cardSj" Reported as "printing and publishing' 'terra cotta ware" in 1880. Reported as "clay and in 1880 and includes 1 establishment reported aa TwTtoMi^hVnoTitarPTinrtPd as "nrlntine and Dubli.'ihing'' in 1880 are shown under "printing and pubUshing, book and job.'' , ^ ^. ^. , ... . ^MnttoS publishing LwsTan^^^^ Sd periodicals " formed part of a separate report in 1886 and was not included m the general statistics of manufactures, u Included in other classifications in 1880. Included in "all other industries" m 1905. 16 MANUFACTURES. Table 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1905, 1900, 1890, AND 1880— Continued. 14 13 Refrigerators. Regalia and society ban- ners and emblems.i Rice, cleaning and polish- ing. Rooiing materials 2. Rubber and elastic goods ' Rules, ivory and wood . . Saddlery and harness ' . Safes and vaults. , Salf Sand and emery paper and cloth. Scales and balances. . Screws, machine". , Screws, wood '. . Sewing machine cases . Sewing machines and at- tachments. Shipbuilding". Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 I880I 111 96 140 109 137 47 -32 22 307 267 2,140 224 261 139 93 13 11 16 1,076 873 7,931 7,999 31 35 39 40 146 169 200 276 292 198 249 83 96 95 46 57 59 106 1,097 1,107 1,010 2,188 Capital. S6, 273, 193 4,782,110 3, 367, 329 727, 220 3, 252, 601 1, 739, 808 1,841,193 452, 590 8,821,099 2, 601, 362 2, 073, 884 562, 200 16,925,066 10, 814, 396 13, 303, 697 2,329,277 46, 297, 537 39,302,363 13, 703, 787 6, 284, 187 263,496 202, 724 172,918 54,200 29,264,460 20,462,903 35,346,620 16,608,019 7,326,133 5,479,879 4, 603, 118 2,201,600 25, 586, 282 27,123,364 13,437,749 8,548,640 1,205,864 1,372,307 705,967 121,600 2,704,246 1,408,897 1,128,662 11,287,816 8,608,487 6,313,373 3, 281, 136 8,612,993 6,307,676 1,668,665 3,814,981 4,133,141 2,466,796 1,672,343 4,265,000 6,969,446 6,464,6611 6,572,2371 5,887,643 1,333,341 1,430,403 741,300 26,695,294 19,470,389 16,043,136 12,601,830 121,623,700 77,341,001 63, 393, 074 20, 979, 874 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Num- ber. 333 237 195 404 244 299 436 169 1,029 695 2, 2,364 1,825 619 2,141 1,737 7,654 416 272 316 418 406 200 122 118 269 576 312 267 431 306 160 209 108 66 168 139 160 68 20 764 646 284 2,480 1,406 1,123 Salaries. $392, 722i 239, 953 218, 933 421, 463 196,487 306, 869 648, 562 182,033 96, 160 1,162,057 662,603 2,088,612 2,857,263 2,216,597 852,290 15,230 11, 986 22, 194 2,019,147 1,428,612 5,121,927 723,097 283,111 265, 210 487, 425 499, 748 189,049 77, 712 97,846 52,263 109,297 109, 068 198,447 623,309 329,402 276, 168 476, 627 297, 166 14.5, 078 244,417 125, 550 60, " 193, .505 169, 326 86,762 ISO, 084 66, 497 34, 122 972, 066 866,116 420, 231 3,339,741 2, 007, 237 1, 194, 870 WAGE-EARNEKS AND WAGES. Total. Average number. 4,032 3,329 2,178 1,053 2,498 1,669 2, 1,492 651 647 516 8,819 7,593 10,937 3,082 21,184 20,404 9,183 6,763 149 213 136 66 16, 032 14,364 22,672 21,446 3,488 2,033 3,816 2,206 4,666 4,774 4,256 4,493 306 274 206 82 1,266 878 837 4,650 3,215 2,676 2,566 3,133 2,775 1,350 1,654 1,965 1,557 1,057 1,585 1,' 1,970 1,668 4,460 2,663 1,822 1,822 12,671 10, 712 8,837 9,663 60, 754 46, 747 24,811 21,345 Wages. $1,905,114 1, 287, 488 1,033,832 423,680 1,012,768 471, 114 737,853 174,097 640,632 26.1,586 223, 433 110,467 4,007,669 3,072,317 6,469,514 1,411,133 9,412,368 8, 081, 803 3, 663, 976 2,450,672 5'i, 860 66, 732 51, 933 19, 974 7,634,311 6,254,462 10,908,918 7,997,752 2,162,246 1,017,237 2, 129, 615 1,096,604 2, 066, 399 1,911,140 1, 593, 442 1,305,020: 182,518 144, 183 104, 226 30,970 739, 824 463, 420 363, 226 2,707,423; 1,692,7671 1,583,626! 1,226,370 1, 764, 789 1,436,839 692,497 783, 019 941, 859 702,9651 474,463 456, 542: 656, 330 720, 873 639, 713 2,028,933 1,066,180 852, 603 683, 338 7,464,325 6,266,938 4, 7.W, 324 4, 636, 099 29, 241, 087 24, 824, 738 14,833,977 12, 713, 813 Average number. 1 Includes custom and neighborhood shops in 1880 and 1890. « Includes construction work in 1880 and 1890. " Includes 3 establishments reported as "rubber, vulcanized, " in 1880. ^Includes 8 establishments reported as "salt, ground, " in 1880. ' Included in other classifications in 1880. Includes custom and neighborhood shops in 1890 ' Reported as "screws " in 1880. ' Establishments reported as "screws" in 1880 are shown under "screws, machine " 8 Includes 64 establishments m 1005 and 44 in 1900 reported as " shipbuilding, iron and steel " ing, wooden." ' Men 16 years and over. 3,933 3,229 2,022 976 844 417 676 175 1,487 639 630 376 8,661 7,422 10, 803 3,019 13,863 12,560 4,509 4,r- 96 150 101 62 13,549 12, 765 21, 376 20,024 3,469 2,018 3,776 2,173 4,371 4,337 4,056 4,274 272 250 189 52 812 4,264 3,012 2,462 3,077 2,748 1,335 1,527 l,i 1,400 987 943 906 1,184 823 M,109 2,474 1,657 1,536 12, 108 10, 195 8,049 8,632 49,916 45,711 24,628 21,338 Women 16 years and over. 6 57 14 1,620 1,114 1,391 376 9 94 10 16 27 22 6,950 7,317 4,296 2,431 51 50 28 1 1,108 1,102 962 561 289 378 148 67 28 16 17 21 23 13 21 103 71 33 16 2 1 76 141 68 378 517 738 466 636 248 65 34 Chil- dren under 16 years. 158 155 107 41 371 627 378 304 2 13 7 3 375 507 334 861 19 14 39 33 62 162 283 132 168 266 23 11 13 26 81 16 2 264j 65 48, 49 I 320 167 164 286 621 262 673 774' 1,002 174 7i Miscella- neous ex- penses. $840,663 406, 169 296, 322 668,076 362, 869 247,882 615, 583 230, 203 147,992 1, 787, 079 887, 172 1, 117, 670 6, 616, 272 2, 806, 200 1, 133, 182 73,864 16, 694 11,183 3,074,414 1,337,027 2,666,690 801, 389 300, 630 ,564, 756 1, 235, 679 760, 639 674, 183 116, 216 67, 878 111,073 303, 952 135, 952 115, 620 1,023,943 347, 209 436, 626 968, 550 369, 099 108, 056 236, 506 105, 259 73, 946 264, 091 270, 716 310, 619 302,091 81, 772 81,396 1,406,667 763, 790 1, 865, 060 6, 265, 506 3, 684, 811 1,392,661 Cost of materials used. $3, 271, 767 2,476,518 2,377,958 881,842 2,019,067 1,596,875 1,246,906 429,227 13,315,065 7,675,522 6,601,206 2,666,497 10,842,307 6, 886, 006 14, 712, 379 3, .382, 354 38,912,226 33,482,314 11,113,528 9,641,167 65, 113 72, 657 34,325 16, 076 23, 774, 239 19,770,574 24,674,225 19,968,716 3,211,336 1,689,148 2, 635, 313 1,431,083 4, 166, 137 3,335,922 1, 826, 770 2,354,742 1,054,605 681,240 781, 606 148,477 5,568,593 3, 213, 260 1,935,170 4,035,530 2,600,217 2,346,401 1,744,083 1,633,160 1,533,379 867,966 654, 711 950,627 797, 308 331,701 935, 800 731,542 923, 147 900,676 2,593,141 1,5.33,880 990,439 1,239,400 8,107,366 7,924,696 3,502,173 4,829,106 37,463,179 33,474,896 16, 925, 109 19,736,358 Value of products, including custom work and repairing. $7,347,935 6,317,886 4,613,616 1,739,731 4,753,268 3,049,481 3, 203, 890 815,638 16,296,916 8,723,726 6,693,198 3,133,324 19,870,953 13, 690, 540 29,412,813 6,227,284 62,995,909 62,621,830 18,708,917 14,518,924 248,906 207,757 154, 173 66,200 42,064,842 33,702,563 62,970,801 38,081,643 7, 861, 069 3, 927, 867 6, 641, 844 3,352,396 9,437,662 7,966,897 5,484,618 5,191,222 1,477,003 1, 175, 896 1,249,647 262,374 8,122,904 4,688,466 3,066,367 9,819,787 6,443,748 5,572,992 3,943,106 6,002,638 6,239,788 2,322.744 3, 252; 460 2,711,600 2,058,723 1,183,341 2,184,532 2,133,844 2,699,744 2,326,645 6,272,547 2,815,142 2,249,661 2,064,837 20,869,870 18,309,752 12,823,147 13,863,188 82,769,239 ■ 74,632,277 40, 342, 116 36,800,327 and 1,043 m 1906 and 1,063 in 1900 reported as "ship and boat build- GENERAL TABLES. Table 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1905, 1900, 1890, AND 1880— Continued. 17 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Shirts 1 Shoddy. 1905 1900 1880 Showcases. 2, Silk and silt goods 10 10 Slaughtering, wholesale, 1905 not including meat 11900 pacMng.* 1890 Smelting and refining, copper.' 1905 1900 10 Smelting and refining, 1905 lead.5 1900 10 14 Smelting and refining, zinc.^ 1905 1900 Smelting and refining, 1905 not irom the ore.' 19(X) 1890 1880 Soap and candles s. Soda water apparatus. Sporting goods. Springs, steel, car and car- riage. Stamped ware ». Starch. Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified. i" 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 641 690 869 549 1905 97 1900 106 18901 94 LSSO 73 .119051 141 1900 102 1S90] ISSOl 93 1905 624 1900 483 1890 472 1880, 382 Capital. SALAKIED OFFICIALS, CLEEKS, ETC. Num- ber. Silversmithing and silver- lOOoj 98 ware. ' 1900 103 1S90 54 I 1880 77 Slaughtering and meat |l905l 559 packing, wholesale. 3 |i900i 557 11890 611 [1880 872 370 325 507 40 47 32 31 31 65 61 50 4 453 558 578 629 37 30 12 152 143 136 52 48 57 59 174 139 104 27 131 124 80 139 143 113 206 159 S23,379,774 2,461 19,642,6581 1,908 14,27:i,611' 1,543 6,841,7781.... 5, 804, 164 5,272.929' 3,754,063 1, 105. 100 3,143,094 1, 152, 898 1, 208, 022 341, 970 109, 556, 621 81, 082, 201 61,007,337 19, 125, 300 23,901,545 14,141,929 6,728,414 1, 898, 098 219,818,627 173, 866, 377 98, 190, 766 49,419,213 17,896,063 14,933,804 18,696,738 76,824,640 53,063,395 63,822,810 72,148,933 23,701,586 14,141,810 9,807,238 5,200,523 9,425,912 162, 100 57,820,306 38,068,334 24,821,069 14,541,294 3,414,676 4,202,452 3,354,928 413,000 4,249,182 2,015,437 1,693,776 1,444,750 4,016,463 4,684,278 3,459,422 1,769,293 23,107,758 13,954,176 9,718,685 2,325,940 7,007,695 11,671,567 4,929,155 5,328,256 6,928,962 4,494,507 5,438,934 3, 286, 325 Salaries. $2, 037, 119 1, 632, 001 1,511,108 WAGE-EAENERS AND WAGES. Average number. 172 1391 144' 305 106 169 4,027 2,667 1,531 850 652 201 11,305 9,635 2,907 669 564 1,064 809 524 425 354 208 203 119 3,147 2,738 1,484 333 227 154 361 168 191 270 166 158 941 690 346 248 406 218 685 453 564 245,403 166, 704 149,483 329, 786 88,155 158,048 4, 742, 270 3, 134, 352i 1,917,8771 1, 082, 579i 764,389 283,330 12,458,3321 9,452,733 3, 187, 072 Total. 885,570 648,914 1,349,528 1,627,382 954,905 887,602 764,913 681,479 440,200 354, 182 229, 244 171,053 3,637,075 2,777,071 1,534,794 295, 703 243, 710 181,041 318,795 167,509 176,059 .353,077 275,205 211,828 1,276,996 667,825 424, 798 266,395 451,334 229, 909 750,7.37 411, 792 643,629| 36, 499 .16, 622 31, 207 25,687 2, 1,926 2,156 1,282 3,082 1,363 1,331 692 79,601 65,416 49, 382 31,337 8,580 5,813 2,419 1,160 64,681 37, 502 27,297 4,541 3, 705 6,473 12,752 11,324 7,573 8,319 6,528 4,""" 1,712 983 1,646 311 11,860 9,487 7,821 5,289 1,469 963 839 332 4,260 2,225 2,008 1,401 2,476 2,102 1,734 1,630 13,560 10,002 7,281 2,730 1,803 2,6.56 2,903 3,119 4, 3,032 4,315 3,117 Wages. $11,233,392 10, 894, 327 9, 193, 495 6,403,696 834, 822 748, 948 707,099 400,326 1,681,071 708, 211 718, 102 329, 230 26,767,943 20,982,194 17,762,441 9, 146, 705 6, 266, 049 3,443,142 1,688,751 762,683 37,090,399 31,033,850 20,304,029 10,508,630 3,236,573 2,358,403 4,000,947 10,827,043 8,529,021 5,374,691 5,088,684 3,856,466 2,355,921 994,951 532,068 951,300 158,300 5,056,611 3,754,767 3,416,854 2,219,513 834,705 649,939 547,080 169,235 1,641,486 809,687 705,911 411,854 1,242,653 1,061,006 962,942 699,412 5,660,459 3,730,241 2,834,809 972,544 866,479 ,099,696 959, 108 919, 197 1'? 1,499,803 958,471 1,684,868 1,159,893 Ayprage number. t Men 16 years and over. 7,051 6,380 5,437 2,878 1,625 1,425 1,252 695 3,016 1,323 1,261 640 27,037 24,206 17,602 9,375 7,280 6,214 2,260 1,005 64,171 60,095 36, 867 26, 113 4,521 3,679 6,418 12, 702 11, 272 7,566 8,312 6,506 4,'" 1,706 927 1,639 309 8,110 6,794 6,125 4,368 1,354 942 806 308 2,281 1,184 1,044 565 2,462 2,094 1,700 1,487 9,842 6,921 6,258 2,061 1,.535 2,088 ■ 2,307 2,710 2,167 1,327 2,157 1,871 Women 16 years and over. 28,258 29,462 25,563 22, 186 458 480 866 10 4 4 45, 198 34, 797 28, 914 16, 396 1,138 514 143 42 4,459 2,935 987 64 3,382 2,066 1,182 111 20 22 17 852 734 Chil- dren under 16 years. 1,190 780 207 623 6 21 38 91 36 30 66 48 7,366 6,413 2,866 6,666 162 85 16 113 963 1,651 2,900 2,429 1,543 424 236 535 484 301 1,916 1,608 1,971 1,028 2 6 2 368 627 514 533 1 11 7 213 52 112 102 818 652 32 32 112 108 212 197 187 218 Miscella- neous ex- penses. 16,451,006 4,771,601 2,188,265 461,627 293, 149 238,094 494,650 152, 336 147, 134 14,052,777 10, 264, 208 4, 259, 623 2,478,873 909, 806 654,646 28, 032, 248 22,658,444 13,200,585 2,599,111 1,371,266 2,516,1.50 4,748,399 1,522,325 897,876 1, 166, 210 1,326,621 399,472 1,222,424 270,3,59 472,996 10,467,302 6,237,893 3,355,625 377,770 452,339 381,110 572,589 194,508 101,709 393,267 337,000 178, 290 1,561,979 785, 219 664,570 672,313 700, 277 1, 108, 136 1,511,551 684,081 431, 473 Cost of materials used. $26,639,402 22,950,564 16, 704, 353 11,306,444 6, 055, 731 4, 876, 192 6,003,035 3,366,6,50 2,374,097 1,057,666 1,077,345 519, 585 76,861,188 62,406,665 51,004,425 22,467,701 9,010,086 5,783,645 2,333,681 1,130,560 706,230,069 605,223,221 366, 99.3, 662 267,738,902 99,626,900 76,873,618 113,968,549 196,736,986 122, 174, 129 168,958,076 144,196,163 17,028,418 13,286,058 13,759,805 5,899,935 26,285,191 8,171,900 46,536,823 33,143,230 28,687,412 19,907,444 1,923,835 997,436 1,016,202 565,538 2,963,138 1,801,929 1,119,806 692,616 2,741,764 3,024,656 2,219,408 2,346,818 10,524,880 7,333,028 5,505,632 2,422,849 5,260,854 5,806,422 6, 153, 677 4,911,060 3,920,421 2,128,445 5, .328, 262 3,501,4261 Value of products, including custom work and repairing. $50,971,106 47, 121, 630 33,638,593 20,130,031 8,406,425 6,7.30,974 7,887,000 4,989,615 6, 721, 724 2,467,901 2, 569, 557 1, 172, 172 133, 288, 072 107, 256, 268 87,298,4.54 •41,033,045 20, 700, 703 13, 50.5, 583 6,436,304 2,517,661 801, 757, 137 697,056,066 433,252,316 303,562,413 112,157,48/ 86,723,126 128,359,353 240,780,216 165,131,670 185,826,839 175,466,304 24,791,299 18,188,498 17,402,987 7,784,696 28,188,826 8,411,100 72,164,062 63,231,017 43; 600, 285 26,552,627 4,634,265 3,015,493 2,711,879 1,075,569 7,032,224 3,628,496 2,709,449 1,656,258 5,740,836 5,690,499 4,331,571 3,654,862 21,958,049 14,546,191 11,277,608 3,997,928 8,082,904 9,232,984 8,934,517 7,477,742- 8,867,4.57 6,065,869 9,456,467 5,898,322 ' silverware.' "^^^/ra^eltl^y Sfstics of copper and lead smelting were shown m "Mining industries" of 1880 and "Mineral industries" I '^^i!!Zs?^U^^i^^^m%t%lo^^^3i^\Z°r.vorte6. as " silversmithing," and 59 in 1900, 30 in 1890, and 39 in 1880 reported as ' sTfpTiorted as "slaughtering and meat packing, not including retail butchering establishments," in 1880. , .. , ^^ . < Establishments reported Is "slaughtering and meat packing, not including retaU butchering establishments," m 1880 are shown under slaughtering and of 1890, but were not included in Btatistics of maimJactures. ^^^ ^.^^^ .^ several particulars from those for "smelting and refining, zinc," in 1905 and for " zinc, smelting and refining," In 1900 a comparison with the earUer years is therefore impracticable. The figures for 1890 and 1880 are given m this table under zinc." lEeDorted as "smelting and refining (base scrap metal not from the oreV in 1880 and as "smelting and refining m 1890. 8 Includes 436 establishments reported as " soap " and 17 as " candles " in 1905. sincludes 6 establishments in 1890 and 1 in 1880 reported as ■ fruit jar trimmings." 10 Includes 6 estabUshments reported as "pencil cases" m 1890. MTG— PT 1—07 2 18 MANUFACTURES. Table 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1905, 1900, 1890, AND 1880— Continued. 14 10 10 11 14 Steam fittings and beat- ing apparatus. Steam packing!. Stencils and brands. Stereotyping and electro- typing. Stoves, gas and oil'. Straw goods, not else- where specified. Structural Ironwork ". , Sugar and molasses, refin- ing. Surgical appliances. Tin and teme plate*.. Tinloil' Tinware, coppersmithing, and sbeet iron working.^ Tobacco, chewing and smoking, and snuff. Tobacco, cigars and ciga- rettes. Tools, not elsewhere spec- ified. Toys and games. Trunks and ralisea'. Turpentine and rosin '.. . Num- ber of estab- Ush- ments. 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 190.5 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1905 1900 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 176 227 217 95 106 97 34 103 92 106 104 146 140 81 45 79 35 24 775 697 724 220 344 657 393 180 219 155 71 36 57 14 15 4 2,366 1,846 7,002 7,693 433 437 395 477 16,395 14,522 10,956 7,U5 584 446 462 145 161 169 139 106 373 312 395 265 1,287 1,503 670 508 Capital. $28,541,509 18,233,173 17,017,364 3,075,751 12,253,102 2,691,304 538,564 683,367 532, 528 445,165 224, 525 3, 297, .546 2,389,215 1,332,129 536, 000 9,981,711 3,766,066 1,199,528 122,012 25,070 106, 750 3,333,560 76,598,507 43,442,377 21,968,172 1,400,197 165,468,320 184, 033, 304 24,013,008 27,432,500 5,383,203 2,487,494 856,396 843,142 10,813,239 6,650,047 1,917,839 2, 094, .327 686,000 124,500,133 35, 724, 739 38,434,900 23,167,392 178,847,556 43,856,570 30,841,316 17,207,401 145,135,945 67,660,748 59,617,827 21,698,549 22,919,371 13,686,562 11,376,622 4,384,109 4,830,761 3,279,295 2,781,185 915,575 11,018,937 8,929,044 6,900,756 2,792,266 6,961,185 11,847,495 4,062,375 1,866,390 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Num- ber. 1,491 1,215 1,134 450 290 54 34 142 490 330 186 376 191 108 5,166 2,166 1,514 1, 1,867 492 369 300 284 333 3,886 2,334 7,065 2,107 3,368 1,477 7,129 4, 11,166 665 685 329 204 981 708 763 2,147 1,, — Salaries. $1,857,617; 1,477,115 1,390,062! 594,451 325,877 77, 192 42,056 21,974 135,895 516,876 311,980 245, 106 467, 190 231,436 122; 047 3,328 1,800 15,340 5,799,916 2,406,178 1,715,756 2,153,679 1,681,524 429,621 605,750 366,216 248,514 309,554 291,323 85,653 69,041 4,793,428 2, 142, 433 5,426,110 2,456,752 3,884,071 1,620,913 6,343,682 4,709,006 8,292,929 1,264,593 678,674 662,786 366,376 183,914 271,421 1,010,971 692, 157 722,999 1,152,222 778,694 26,944 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Total. Average number. 11, 690 9,252 10, 646 2,474 2,734 1,147 315 530 418 357 305 2,679 2,408 J -_. 642 3,676 2,471 923 83 54 424 10,948 34,276 24,903 17, 168 1,934 13,549 14, 129 7,043 5,857 2,811 1,539 612 477 4,847 3,671 766 682 186 39,475 28,315 31,377 27, 116 23,990 29,161 29,790 32,756 135,418 103,365 87,000 53,297 11,643 7,614 6,410 3,151 4,330 3,316 3,148 2,196 9,091 6,964 6,032 4,634 33,382 41,864 16,266 10,635 $6,581,578 4,982,857 6,204,333 1,305,739 1,273,144 525,332 151,982 285,468 206, 231 209,482 139, 639 1,993,067 1,468,977 823,885 312,208 1,946,489 1,138,442 606,726 42,259 14,381 106,048 2,556,197 19,760,210 13,688,779 10,236,701 844, 614 7,575,660 6,917,829 2,385,664 2,876,032 1,151,663 620,801 300,804 265,372 2,383,070 1,889,917 303,307 227,774 100,673 20,608,179 13, 193, 307 15,610,266 11,243,276 6,775,325 7,109,821 6,947,158 6,419,024 55,864,978 40,865,510 36,476,060 18,464,662 6,048,587 3,781,607 3,482,052 1,489,631 1,614,706 1,119,253 1,075,429 612,786 4,139,034 2,777,016 2,790,750 1,786,586 8,382,700 8,393,483 2,906,547 1,623,061 Average number. Men 16 years and over. 11,488 9,073 10,345 2,426 2,502 1,034 276 469 374 319 261 2,686 2,210 1,166 662 3,688 2,458 918 44 22 116 3,278 34,146 24, 680 16,999 13,011 13,633 6,697 5,832 1,216 755 355 308 4,212 3,014 433 285 101 34,988 24, 273 29,081 24,755 12,721 14,124 14,942 14,886 72,970 62,094 59,452 40,099 10,977 7,103 6,127 3,042 3,006 2,221 2,211 1,153 6,065 5,555 3,805 33,237 41,375 16,031 Women 16 years and over. 118 141 188 207 101 29 28 24 11 59 121 67 44 Chil- dren under 16 years. 39 29 306 7,501 33 71 1,540 686 233 154 579 625 322 258 70 3,786 2,577 1,285 855 9,127 11,690 10,564 10,776 67,174 37,740 24,214 9,108 485 422 182 29 704 618 841 545 301 254 16 173 141 338 84 38 112 49 25 12 10 28 16 14 Miscella^ neous ex- 406 419 246' ....I 3 2 169 97 162 150 54 132 177 100 25 98 24 15 56 32 11 39 15 701 1,465' 1,011 1,600 2,142 3,447 4,284 7,094 5,274 3,531 3,334 4,090 181 325 286 233 425 241 364 176 475 129 316 94 242 $2,728,067 1,349,694 1,485,212 822,367 290,067 101, 192 91,329 63,128 68,839 Cost of materials used. 577,869 402,592 161,924 956,269 274,242 118,617 33,086 847 13,685 6,629,616 3,469,935 1,344,813 8,600,754 7,013,322 6,920,763 1,248,387 772,197 184, 749 389,873 236,456 276,401 166,053 6,395,849 3,057,231 3,029,860 38,563,794 47,633,705 19,463,749 41,591,222 31,381,588 17,673,063 2,350,253 807,115 835,443 559,543 313,840 283,592 1,782,559 786,070 663,762 1,639,014 476,171 178,662 Value of products, including custom work and repairing. $10,425,332 10,219,506 10,628,314 2,867,000 3,896,317 1,646,398 357,819 171,787 140,711 167,590 144,554 1,032,063 766,603 500, 744 200,491 3,786,763 2,501,568 840, 126 54,989 12,933 134,945 5,455,559 47,452,069 38,053,135 18,620,510 1,699,465 244,752,802 221,384,769 107,768,811 144,698,499 2,729,271 1,291,580 524,488 286,720 31,375,714 26,72«,150 1,887,745 1,074,192 198,942 53,396,217 36, 268, 722 31,217,522 26,460,228 44,954,04* 35,038,287 29,192,249 34,397,072 81,134,561 67,828,255 60,298,960 29,577,833 7,249,567 4,656,658 3,517,269 1,532,656 2,289,439 1,666,449 1,453,738 596,833 9,107,785 5,964,718 4,703,982 3,910,133 3,774,637 6,186,492 2,874,693 2,324,637 $24,910,857 22,084,860 23,147,434 5,127,842 8,951,705 3,493,710 1,003,372 793,421 673,784 732,611 472,514 5,005,338 3, 772, 025 2,183,909 724,689 7,723,697 4,579,700 2,137,944 186,383 36,985 329, 987 9,345,759 90,944,697 66,927,305 37, 746, 294 3,410,086 277,286,449 239,711,011 123,118,259 156,484,916 6,386,293 3,932,368 1,6,50,033 906,303 36,283,360 31,892,011 2,791,828 1,693,169 416,849 97,974,838 63,812,878 66,653,746 50,183,811 116,767,630 103,754,362 65,843,587 62, 793,0-6 214,350,051 169,958,811 129,693,275 63,979,575 20,407,372 13,358,300 10,528,025 4, 2.16, .568 5,677,693 4,009,999 3,749,765 1,662,513 18,643,580 12,488,646 10,821,621 7,252,470 23,937,024 20,344,888 8,077,379 6,876,983 ' ironwork, architectural 1 Included in other classifications in 1880. » Reported as " gas and oil stoves " in 1900 and " gas stoves " in 1890. Included in other classifications in 1880. • IncSudes in 1900 that jpart oJ the classification of "bridges" which relates to the manufacture of iron and steel bridges. Reported as ' and ornamental," in 1880, 1890, and 1900. Includes 131 establishments reported as " iron railing, wrought," in 1880. ' No reports received for this industry in 1880 and 1890. 'Included in "all other industries" in 1890. 'Included In " tinware, coppersmithing, and sheet iron working" in 1906: In " ttasmithing, coppersmithing, and sheet iron working" in 1890 and 1900; and in "tinware, oopperware, and sheet iron ware" In 1880. Includes cusiom and neighborhood shops in 1880 and 1890. ' Includes custom and neighborhood shops in 1880 and 1890. ' Reported as " tar and turpentine " in 1880 and 1890. GENERAL TABLES. 19 Table 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1905, 1900, 1890, AND 1880— Continued. 10 14 14 10 10 10 14 12 14 14 14 Type founding. Typewriters and sup- rypewi plies; Umbrellas and canes « Upholstering materials. , Vamislies. Vault lights and ventila- tors. Vinegar and cider ' Wallpaper'. Washing machines and clothes wringers. Watch and clock mate- rials.* Watch cases. Watches. Whalebone cutting' . Wheelbarrows. Whips. Windmills. Window shades and fix- tures.' ^f um- ber of estab- lish- ments. Wh-e. Wirework, Including wire rope and cable. 1906 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 1880 1905 1900 1890 11880 21 22 38 48 66 47 30 204 202 435 172 236 270 152 79 190 181 140 81 24 14 15 12 568 613 694 306 44 51 27 26 92 118 163 61 17 20 36 30 144 96 182 131 25 29 24 40 Capital. 596 569 305 $4,916,723 2,269,370 4,968,309 2,772,690 16,641,892 8,400,431 1,421,783 8,951,442 4,604,998 5,646,289 2,668,725 9,293,120 7,593,—' 4,427,654 1,690,200 19,702,955 17,550,892 11,308,943 3,778,100 240,809 120,760 175,225 138,450 7,619,853 6,629,930 5,858,395 2,151,766 12,354,329 8,889,794 6,709,909 3,560,500 2,951,641 2,404,669 1,712,953 662,649 425,838 367,291 705,647 123,650 12,649,771 8,119,292 4,727,100 1,584,740 19,409,931 14,235,191 10,106,114 4,144,327 66,200 221,358 166,450 1,046,087 613,467 1,116,369 266,200 3,367,957 1,893,703 1,632,404 1,078,070 5,837,150 4,308,666 2,463,231 697,100 5,976,748 5,184,341 4,167,457 1,385,515 14,898,817 4,242,173 11,607,685 4,230,071 SALAEIED OFFICIALS, CLEKKS, ETC. Num- ber. 274 183 222 1,248 532 104 527 587 841 449 358 248 1,364 1,— 706 341 451 751 497 512 230 171 104 381 235 190 366 165 174 228 143 387 281 185 409 292 374 581 94 Salaries. 5279,779 210,426 280,238 1,246,129 480,468 132,727 473,878 504,218 768,937 525,968 363,926 232,148 2,023,162 1,939,333 1,016,346 30, 12,775 44,814 359,114 390,791 428,388 691,792 816,852 302,634 148,199 104,264 168,635 31,794 20,461 54,763 494,783 289,366 219,699 614,356 294,449 101,119 16,700 76,116 26,605 46,319 183,882 245,596 141,380 392,236 249,684 135,808 479,806 322,954 421,516 793,250 136,327 327,280 WAOE-EAKNERS AND WAGES. Total. Average number. 1,446 1,424 1,950 1,^ — 6,232 4,340 1,631 5,386 5,640 6,022 3,608 4,712 5, — 3,231 1,477 1,852 1,646 1,145 673 222 138 174 115 1,528 1,657 2,637 1,257 3,913 4,172 2,584 2,487 " 1,622 1,509 1,030 476 385 331 547 324 4,221 3,907 3,679 1,758 10,724 6, — 6,595 3,346 14 69 175 584 321 567 239 1,554 1,287 944 1,056 1,929 2,045 1,110 2,624 1,801 2,025 1,279 4,737 1,603 7,596 6,169 Wages. J883,595 803,470 1,121,511 958,693 3,468,784 2,403,604 945,476 1,826,043 1,868,514 2,435,860 1,158,682 1,867, 1,715,073 1,221,914 523,417 1,200,431 995,803 732,716 366,716 154,334 81,184 115,780 66,204 725,148 652,077 720,681 413,451 1,868,213 2,074,138 1,172,154 874,921 684,252 548,707 430,888 176,287 182,475 152,234 258,422 101,060 2,170,507 1,924,847 1,896,587 976,041 6,024,400 3,586,723 3,587,808 1,712,276 7,856 38,013 75,003 295,959 127,398 251,189 72,489 603,203 478,176 403,142 415,007 968,850 940,474 565,775 244,197 1,086,232 762, 144 1,016,255 479, 133 2,858,743 859,645 3,856,622 1,982,731 Average niunber. Men 16 years and over. 1,052 1,071 1,245 1,327 5, 3,979 1,472 2,147 2,256 2,"" 1,504 3,231 2,911 2,168 961 1,767 1,479 1,116 550 222 138 172 115 1,353 1,408 2,452 1,160 3,148 3,380 2,063 1,666 1,504 1,419 938 186 186 417 3,204 2,929 2,944 1,418 5,467 3,381 3,935 2,127 13 48 123 571 321 560 220 1,054 853 668 742 1,929 2,027 1,099 685 1,853 1,~- 1,644 1,016 4,513 1,561 7,547 5,544 10,769 7,708 5,809 3,595 Women 16 years and over. 318 305 605 406 514 294 157 2,986 3,143 2,924 1,859 1,322 1,919 892 306 77 62 19 170 135 155 44 462 492 243 150 7 7 26 18 197 146 116 47 930 866 710 139 5,245 3,473 2,640 1,219 1 21 42 442 358 268 266 692 470 364 143 198 23 48 172 2,135 1,162 870 300 Chil- dren under 16 j'"ears. 76 48 100 253 36 67 2 253 241 139 246 169 268 171 210 300 278 671 111 83 67 60 14 49 87 112 25 201 22 26 20 48 79 25 17 121 26 19 1 453 475 272 275 664 Miscella- neous ex- $309,962 241, 134 236,907 1,646,421 714,721 119,773 1,297,932 699; 715 961,328 819,410 503,438 244,043 3,695,970 1,616,642 1,310,811 48,884 14,792 26,388 709,875 369,098 356,334 2,102,816 711,100 660,117 367,158 129,729 82,444 14,478 9,016 31,407 761,026 317,902 443,176 1,445,659 572,080 733,404 4,657 13,297 118,827 41,542 86,125 660,963 277, - 245,962 493,494 314,628 171,781 738,274 369,787 1,298,181 1,394,278 213,419 447,480 2,834,6.34 1,014,400 858,877 Cost of materials used. $746,176 863,689 1,434,092 660,748 1,870,261 1,402,170 632,723 8,250,246 8,381,216 7,562,921 4,502,777 7,977,193 6,881,621 3,013,263 1,023,154 13,520,491 10,939,131 7,805,663 3,699,684 160,604 140,719 185,529 108,981 3,852,233 3,134,313 3,268,455 1,888,173 6,658,165 6,072,809 3,572,027 3,629,222 2,213,390 2,174,762 1,354,650 687,643 107,361 105,549 326,398 149,315 4,428,627 4,393,647 5,022,465 2,812,922 2,258,683 1,291,318 995,740 982,224 98,875 565,173 371,460 494,313 180,036 637,720 101,853 1,253,118 1,278,324 821,614 701,225 2,307,579 2,172,098 1,123,947 523,594 6,946,478 5,575,126 6,341,874 1,635,700 30,062,487 7,014,319 15,058,640 7,034,065 17,856,211 10,813,342 8,325,435 5,410,084 26,893,614 1,936 2,117,325 13,379 6,099,869 16,344,629 996 939,904 9,142 3,894,001 11,757,902 963 897,618 6,954 3,085,591 3,681,8931 4,459 1,708,165 • No report received for this Industry in 1880. « Includes custom and neighborhood shops in 1880 and 1890. • Reported as "paper hangings" in 1880, 1890, and 1900. < Includes 4 establishments in 1890 and 2 in 1880 reported as "clock oases and materials." • Eeported as "whalebone and rattan" in 1880, 1890, and 1900. Included in "all other industries" In 1905. Value of products, including custom" work and repairing. $2,727,759 2,842,384 3,916,904 2,330,298 10,640,495 6,932,029 3,630,126 13,296,046 13,668,986 13,771,-927 6,917,463 12,677,510 10,048,164 5,733,039 1,837,706 23,561,699 18,687,240 13,795,610 6,721,174 484,466 338,111 455,413 273,395 7,266,469 6,931,692 6,649,300 3,418,038 12,636,580 10,663,209 7,431,728 8,267,303 3,838,624 3,736,243 2,489,175 1,182,714 428,692 345,347 831,343 350,69!i 8,626,504 7,783,960 8,618,479 4,589,314 11,866,400 6,822,611 6,051,066 3,271,244 135,000 682,977 626,777 1,177,780 454,441 1,185,665 227,392 3,147,328 • 2,734,471 2,163,818 1,698,633 4,795,048 4 364,312 2,475,060 1,010,542 8,930,630 8,071,854 9,239,669 2,826,518 37,914,419 9,421,238 22,012,804 10,836,605 33,038,495 19,840,382 16,652,857 9,127,818 20 MANUFACTURES. Table 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1905, 1900, 1890, AND 1880— Continued. Wood carpet'. Wood preserving. Wood, turned and carved '. Woodenware, not where specified. Wool pulling'... 2 Wool scouring • . ! 2 Woolen goods... Worsted goods. Zino< All other industries ». Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Capital. 1 rair, 211 mill) 31 1N!)(I 6 18S0 5 ions 26 1»(K) 21 1XU(I 4 1«8U 2 1905 1,097 IHIIII 1,166 1X90 872 1880 916 1905 202 1900 104 189(1 167 1880 287 ipns 34 1900 34 1905 27 1900 25 1905 792 1»(l(: 1,035 189C 1,311 1880 1,990 1905 226 190(: 186 1X9( 143 1880 76 1890 8 1880 16 1905 5 189( 17 1880 1 $330, 514 412, 357 333,000 41,600 2,934,935 1, 229, 746 262, 718 120,000 16, 842, 528 10,280,"'" 7,825,668 4,482,800 7,223,604 3,824,512 2, 711, 609 3,606,794 2,534,029 944,715 1, 187, 716 1,061,123 140,302,488 124,386,262 130, 989, 940 96,095,564 162,464,929 132, 168, 110 68,085,116 20,374,043 1,007,320 2,022,600 460, 237 3,013,622 600 SALARIED orriciALS, CLERKS, ETC. Niun- ber. 115 54 15 924 565 1,028 327 160 220 2,477 2,246 2,436 1,847 1, 615 30 Salaries. S45,016 34,950 18,464 158,227 56, 670 12,692 829,071 488, 012 893,370 359, 708 137, 981 186, 921 74,415 35,422 77,694 72,011 3,430,855 2,934,048 2,339,737 2,904,960 2,342,218 935,217 38,270 9,243 63,488 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Total. Average number. 373 119 737 478 80 36 14,687 11,558 7,402 7,240 6,694 3, 2,881 5,033 681 475 779 720 72,747 68,893 76, 915 86, 504 69,251 67, " 42,978 18,803 1,062 1,298 64 1,768 $268,886 362, 112 136,932 23, 750 314,654 205, 105 29, 317 14,717 6,031,148 4, 370, 713 3, 333, 553 2,586,578 2,357,494 1,073,303 1,050,413 1,539,671 364,754 247, 960 397, 811 338,606 28, 827, 556 24,767,006 26, 139, 194 26,836,392 26,269,787 20, 092, 738 14,944,966 6,683,027 614,826 666,970 33,916 580, 176 1,200; Average number. Men 16 years and over. 369 603 305 108 731 477 80 36 13,977 10,898 6,874 6,437 6,351 2,823 2,607 4,268 680 475 702 646 44,4.52 40, 601 42, 130 46,978 29,883 25, 696 19,071 6,436 1.1 1,: 64 791 2 Women 16 years and over. 424 364 290 142 223 131 144 67 74 24,552 24,536 30, 159 29,372 32, 130 25, 829 20,082 9,473 Chil- dren under 16 years. 286 296 238 661 263 160 143 621 3,743 3,767 4,626 10, 154 7,238 6,584 3,825 2,895 3 12 Miscella- neous ex- penses. J61, 265 67,403 41, 781 232, 633 61, 763 13, 385 1,346,844 616, 514 624, 837 718,412 210, 789 200, 961 128,396 47,395 149, 155 102,039 8,218,766 7,268,634 8,402,623 8,301,679 6,767,611 4,917,760 18,462 220,606 Cost of materials used. $350,937 418, 343 210,814 23, 500 2,462,860 1,825,365 50,697 62, 700 8,578,415 6, 829, r" 3,947,227 3,637,950 3,878,015 1,468,383 1,498,773 - 2,635,720 103,984 53,975 214,624 193,826 87, 830, 825 71, Oil, 956 82, 270, 336 100, 846, 611 109,658,481 77, 076, 222 60, 706, 769 22,013,628 2,005,682 1,771,055 199, 256 1,824,170 1,360 Value of products. Including custom work and repairing. $801,266 1,066,702 511, 700 102, 170 3,368,480 2,395,748 143,475 101, 110 20, 169, 173 14,317,673 10,939,647 8,426,817 8,531,492 3,586,642 3, 597, 602 6,235,474 881,706 531,287 1,052,909 142,196,668 118,430,168 133,677,977 160,606,721 165,745,062 120, 314, 344 79, 194, 652 33,549,942 2,976,730 2, 726, 166 313,363 3,226,845 5,512 1 Reported as ' 'carpets, wood," in 1880, 1890, and 1900. ' Includes 206 establishments reported as ' 'handles, wooden," in 1880. « Included in other classifications in 1880 and 1890. 'The report for "zinc" in 1880 and 1890 differed in several particulars from that for "zinc, smelting and refining," in 1900, and a comparison between these indus- tries is therefore impracticable. * Embraces in 1905, 'millstones," 2; "pulp, from fiber other than wood," 1; and "whalebone cutting," 2; in 1890, "fuel, artificial," 2; "phonographs and grapho- phones," 2; "racking hose," 1; "rubber, vulcanized," 1; "sugar and molasses, beet," 2; "teasels," 6;"tliread, linen," 2; "tinfoil," 2; in 1880, " racking hose," 1. 22 manufactures; Table 2.— COMPARATIVE SUMMAEY, BY 29 35 61 U3 STATE OE TEKEITOET. United States . Alabama Alaska Arizona. Arkansas. Calilorma. Colorado . Connecticut. Delaware.... District of Columbia . Florida.. Georgia. Idaho Illinois. Indian Territory. Indiana Iowa. Kansas. Kentucky. Louisiana. Maine. Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota , Mississippi Missouri Cen- sus. 1905 1900 Montana. Nebraska. Nevada. New Hampshire . 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1005 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 Num- ber of estab- Ush- ments. 216, 262 207,562 1, 2,000 82 43 169 154 1,907 1,746 6,839 4,997 1,606 1,323 631 633 491 1,413 1,275 3,219 3,015 364 287 14,921 14, 374 466 179 7,044 7,128 4,785 4, 2,475 2,299 3,734 3,648 2,091 1,826 3, 145 2,878 3,852 3, ' ' 10,723 10,929 7,446 7,310 4,756 4,096 1,520 1,294 6,464 6,853 382 395 1,819 1,695 115 1, 618 l,77ll Capital. 112,686,265,673 8,978,825,200 105,382,859 60,165,904 10,684,799 3,568,704 14,395,654 9,517,573 46, 306, 116 25,384,636 282,647,201 175,467,806 107, 663, 600 68, 172, 866 373, 283, 580 299, 206, 925 60, 925, 630 38,791,402 20, 199, 783 17,960,498 32,971,982 26, 682, 171 136,211,551 79,303,316 9,689,446 2, 130, 112 976, 844, 799 732, 829, 771 5, 016, 654 1,591,953 312,071,234 219,321,080 111,427,429 86,667,334 88, 680, 117 59, 458, 256 147,282,478 87,995,822 160, 810, 608 100, 874, 729 143, 707, 750 114,007,715 201, 877, 966 149, 155, 313 965,948,887 781,867,716 337,894,102 246,996,629 184,903,271 133,076,669 60,266,309 22,712,186j 379,368,827! 223,781,088! 52,689,810 38,224,915 80,236,310 65,906,052 2,891,997 1, 251, 208 109,495,072 92, 146, 026 SALAEIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Num- ber. 519, 751 364, 202 3,763 2,259 195 82 291 206 2,328 1,649 12,283 6,877 2,677 1,870 13, 623 9,258 1,451 1,189 1,006 957 3,125 1,781 6,104 3,816 359 92 64,621 40,964 278 93 14,862 10,447 7,122 6,169 3,721 3,612 5,863 4,366 6,977 3,576 3,772 3,103 8,624 6,741 32,824 25,256 17, 235 13, 360 9,141 6, 625j 2,688 1,260 17, 119' 12,474 9051 608' I 3,192 2,296 106 37 Salaries. 2,309,890 1,262,385 14,399,157 7,495,357 3,549,043 2,068,798 17, 040, 361 11, 766, 279 1, 629, 261 1,336,963 1, 206, 609 871, 882 2,669,726 1,299,676 6,927,621 3,203,643 379,311 66, 225 60,669,678 40,549,246 251,378 74,072 15,028,789 9,970,931 6,948,377 4,232,544 3,692,491 3, 123, 221 5,871,247 4, 184, 631 6,044,404 2,933,936 3,988,797 3,060,676 8,843,996 6,845,088 39, 664, 624 29,479,742 17,470,433 12,335,974 9,032,840 6,064,229 2, 598, 346 1,092,937 19, 002, 238 13, 294, 822 1, 506, 208 786, 737 3,074,911 2, 107, 251 126, 156 34,600 2,666 2, 068| 2,972,107 2, 199, 676 WAGE-EAENEKS AND WAGES. Total. num- ber. 5,470,321 4,716,023 62. 173 62, 711 1,938 2,260 4,793 3,126 33,089 31,525 100,355 77,224 21, 813 19, 498 181,605 159, 733 18,476 20, 662 6,299 6,155 42,091 35,471 92, 749 83,336 3,061 1,652 379,436 332,871 2,257 1,087 154, 174 139,017 49,481 44,420 35,670 27, 119 69,794 61,735 65,859 40,878 74, 958 69, 914 94. 174 94, 170 175,229 165,800 69,636 64,557 38, 690 26,799 133, 167 107, 704 8,957 9,854 20, 260 18, 669 802 604 66,366 67,646 44,483 46,413 'Includes the hand trades and neighborhood Industries, omitted \n 1905, 21,878,451 14, 911, 683 1, 096, 579 1,374, 3,969,248 2,287,352 14, 543, 635 10, 184, 154 64,656,686 39,889,997 15, 100, 365 11, 707, 566 87,942,628 73,394,062 8, 168, 203 8,467,003 3,668,370 3,022,906 15, 767, 182 10,916,443 27,392,442 19, 968, 153 2,069,391 818,239 208,405,408' 159, 104, 179 1,144,078' 379, 188^ 72,058,099 69, 280, 131 22,997,053' 18,020,653: 18,88,3,071 12,802,096 24, 438, 68t! 18,454,262 25,316,760 14,726,437 32, 691, 769 26, 730, 735 36,144,2'J4 32,414,429 232,388,946 195,278,276 81,278,837 62,531,812 36,843,146 29,029,190 14,819,034 7,909,607 66,644,126 46, 713, 734 8,652,217 7,376,822 11,022,149 8,842,429 693, 407 352, 606 27, 693, 203 25, 849, 631 Men 16 years and over. Aver- age num- -ber. Wages. $2,266,273,317 1,736,347,184 Women 16 years and over. Aver- num- ber. 84,688 61,574 20,164 18,214 132, 760 116,499 14,866 16,416 6,614 6,360 39,656 33,626 72,814 67, 039 2,931 1,'-" 314,091 276,006 2,149 1,054 131, 651 119, 580 41, ( 36,896 32, 138 24,378 49, 508 43,500 49,942 34, 763 66, 662 60,382 63,492 61,654 326,686 292,019 147,676 134,265 60,886 67,123 35,364 24,336 106,927 84,084 8,766 9,662 17,321 16, 227 790 481 20,393,027 13,975,032 1,085,640 1,374,276 3,950,629 2,270,136 14,-329,273 10,013,152 69,576,396 36,899,884 14,531,394 11,303,204 72,829,093 60, 448, 699 7,373,343 7,636,497 3,466,950 2,841,194 15,121,963 10,469,964 23,969,802 17,428,896 2,019,172 807, 748 187, ,568, 896 143,714,217 1, 119, 040 372,876 66,725,926 65, 304, 859 20,963,933 16, .530, 958 18,000,690 12,197,657 22, 170, 719 16,951,626 24, 141, 298 13, 670, 252 27, 316, 682 20,981,659 29,656,349 26, 220, 954 178,613,343 160,624,869 74,374,061 67,895,929 33,377,340 27, 187, 606 14, 167, 965 7,546,324 68, 816, 746 41, 149, 968 8,570,466 7,318,409 10, 142, 694 8, 269, 206 688, 672 348, 176 20,86.5,433 19, 321, 185 1,065,884 918,611 Wages. Children under 16 years. Aver- num- ber. 4,547 3,465 29 33 27 601 424 14,084 13,808 1,343 1,081 44,664 40, 820 2,960 3,310 611 722 2,098 1,617 12,640 10,071 90 32 60, 399 47,922 69 19 19,230 18,917 7,314 6,729 2,703 1,945 8,323 6,083 4,604 5,009 16,825 17,367 25,149 26,908 147,044 133,890 24,270 19,014 8,430 6,736 2,054 1,448 22,769 19,890 2,642 1,709 8 6 19,916 20,694 5317,279,008 248,814,074 924, 141 689, 166 8,188 405 14,814 10,079 120, 108 76,307 4,709,160 3,663,627 490, 193 361,042 14,210,367 12, 288, 628 679, 667 693, 231 177,249 169,095 602, 857 416, 777 2,512,161 1,849,632 31,129 8,453 19, 893, 360 13,680,271 18,532 4,632 4, 684, 651 3,387,973 1,&54,474 1,230,206 708,022 483, 647 1,976,270 1,234,264 966, 872 1,020,037 5, 106, 692 4,445,865 6,675,462 6,465,620 60,521,465 42,344,591 6,293,446 4,258,303 2,412,756 1,729,776 464, 699 243, 720 6,892,023 4,966,494 69,993 29,667 788,645 435,880 3,867 2,143 6,640,451 6,199,947 169, 899 161,276 Wages. 4,130 3,409 18 35 522 618 1,683 1,842 306 203 4,301 3,414 74 73 337 328 7,296 6,226 40 22 4,! 9,943 .3,520 1,085 1,796 729 796 1,963 2,162 1,313 1,106 1,471 2,175 5,533 6,608 14,769 12,325 3,283 2,521 320 1,272 1,016 4,471 3,730 397 733 4 17 967 1,639 661,283 347,495 1,761 3,805 7,138 94,264 94,695 371, 131 326,486 78,778 43,320 903, 168 656, 835 105, 193 127, 275 14, 171 12, 617 42,362 39, 702 910,479 679, 626 9,090 2,038 943, 212 6,506 1,681 647,522 587,299 178,646 269,489 174,359 120, 792 292, 695 268,463 207, 680 135, 148 303,311 812,443 727,856 3,354,138 2,408,816 611,330 377,680 63,049 111, 808 186,470 119,563 935,357 598, 282 21, 768 28,846 60,910 137,343 2,287 187,319 328,499 GENERAL TABLES. 23 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905 AND 1900. Miscellaneous expenses. Cost of mate- rials used. $1,«6,019,473 905,600,225 58,503,949,756 6,577,614,074 Value of products, including custom work and repairing. $14,802,147,087 11,411,121,122 Number oJ estab- Uah- menta report- ing. 134,544 1133,456 Total horse- power. 14,641,544 10,409,626 Owned. Engines. Steam (horse- power). 10,828,111 8,140,633 Gas and gasoline , (horse- power). 289,614 134,742 Water wheels (horse- power). 1,642,036 1,454,229 Water motors (horse- power) . 5,934 (') Electric motors (horse- power). 1, 1.50, sol 310, 661 Other power (horse- power). 'J2,164 49,986 Rented. Electric (horse- power). 441,592 182,662 Other kind (horse- power). 191,313 136,913 1 2 3 4 5 a 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 46 46 51 62 63 64 es 66 57 58 60 61 62 8,048,819 4,128,294 1,861,716 158,054 1,208,320 409,468 6,648,343 2,382,369 27,145,650 13,124,249 6,519,100 3,230,169 32,325,002 19,348,586 2,691,218 1,919,809 2,724,840 1,941,118 6,607,862 2,177,941 12,206,634 5,550,959 1,111,699 142,421 172,185,667 118,047,771 492,539 86,112 46,682,513 30,807,171 12,162,888 6,626,455 8, 870, 460 4, 390, 899 20, 530, 862 18, 115, 195 16,047,105 8, 101, 311 12, 486, 167 7,628,399 21,904,752 14, 784, 769 93, 840, 186 62, 392, 263 46,012,191 25,042,514 24, 493, 840 12,742,948 6,855,767 1, 916, 171 49, 522, 457 33, 641, 428 4,052,081 1,585,758 8, 490, 360 6, 168, 761 184,900 48,775 9,006,821 6, 161, 8921 60,458,368 37,998,233 3,741,946 1,762,583 14,595,057 7,876,542 21,799,346 18,288,045 215,726,414 164,894,269 63,114,397 60,760,784 191,301,881 169,671,648 24,883, 24,726,317 7,731,971 7,476,216 16,532,439 12,847,187 83,624,504 49,366,296 4,068,523 1,438,868 840,057,316 681,450,122 4,848,646 1,697,829 220,607,007 195,162,566 102,843,8P2 85,778,867 156,509,949 120, 737, 677 86,545,464 67, 406, 202 117,035,306 75, 403, 937 80,042,090 61, 210, 327 1.50,024,066 129, 354, 412 626, 410, 431 498,655,033 230,080,931 175,966,128 210,653,949 150,299,277 "26, 800, 886 16,543,029 252, 268, 417 184, 189, 030 40,930,060 30,068,101 124, 051, 628 95,926,178 1, 627, 776 662, 284 73,216,387 60, 163, 380 109,169,922 72,109,929 8,244,524 4,194,421 28,083,192 20,438,987 63,864,394 39,887,678 367,218,494 257,386,621 100,143,999 89,067,879 369,082,091 316,106,150 41,160,276 41,321,081 18,359,159 16,426,408 50,298,290 34,183,609 151,040,456 94,632,368 8,768,743 3,001,442 1,410,342,129 1,120,868 — 7,909,451 2,629,067 393,954,405 337,071,630 160,572,313 132,870,865 198,244,992 164,008,544 159,763,968 126, 508, 660 186, 379, 592 111, 397, 919 144,020,197 112,959,098 243,375,996 211,076,143 1,124,092,051 907, 626, 439 429,120,060 319,691,856 307, 868, 073 223, 692, 922 57, 451, 446 33, 718, 617 4,39,548,957 316,304,095 66, 415, 452 52, 744, 997 164,918,220 130,302,463 3,096,274 1,261,006 123, 610, 904 107, 590, 803 1,383 1,415 63 64 1,440 1,325 4,206 3,054 2,414 2,702 477 495 258 323 508 644 2,129 1,960 8,429 8,263 241 111 4,863 5,369 3,032 3, 1,403 1,436 2,661 2,533 1,430 1,284 2,249 2,125 2,177 2,074 7,356 8,316 5,023 6,343 3,171 3,066 1,157 3,843 3,906 215 262 984 1,135 63 53 1,244 1,494 301,851 176,270 2,951 1,358 26,068 9,033 111,216 79,839 220,571 133,091 136,872 44,143 330,550 266,041 64, 162 41,399 13,367 10,603 45,373 36,496 229,511 137,629 18,152 5,649 864,842 696,111 12,628 5,253 406,268 331,068 121,621 110,273 107,283 70,248 181,441 146, 864 265,937 190, 850 362, 163 261, 319 180,963 135, 493 1,001,946 815, 480 468, 449 376, 321 22S, 767 182, 655 111, 197 65, 946 271, 567 196, 218 50, 817 45, 667 52, 134 43,357 2,834 1,661 225, 632 202,442 280,470 162,453 2,763 954 18,828 7,663 107,699 78,016 163,178 105,190 117,639 39,400 218,668 177,819 42,031 32,898 10,513 8,630 41,975 35,044 183,369 110,972 15,145 4,010 651,578 507,471 12,104 6,053 336,932 296,926 100,418 91,182 83,039 66, 618 162,829 136, 122 245,745 187, 492 126, 818 89,257 142,096 115, 590 690, 467 676, 625 376, 090 318,836 167, 103 146, 578 109, 418 64, 731 221,215 173, 271 32, 356 32,008 34,012 31,048 1,092 628 102, 4.39 89, 905 472 376 91 1,392 371 482 326 6,292 3,244 317 619 412 315 311 338 320 173 632 365 127 28 12,319 8,768 283 45 21,171 12,295 4, 4,624 6,923 2,630 1, 1,096 961 3,063 2,178 4,377 3,139 7,487 4,074 10,534 5,603 4,710 3,624 220 144 4,960 3,279 74 86 2,035 1,919 125 1,395 571 9,483 9,421 86 117 267 400 676 734 6,965 4 , — 1,751 1,493 66,667 67,211 5,188 6,399 710 369 107 116 28,242 22,729 1,060 1,605 14,846 11,614 65 165 9,641 11,964 6,448 7,315 6,290 7,521 4,538 4,247 260 313 202, 873 168, 788 10, 610 10, 416 183, 135 181,907 39, 342 36, 629 38, 196 24,932 65 361 3,581 3,113 10, 254 9,717 7,130 7,513 742 100, 188 106, 711 295 343 141 92 185 144 83 254 65 221 167 292 49 12 146 61 .... 91 40 86 8,666 3,062 5 287 4,656 496 1,707 279 10,212 6,138 11,965 709 26,346 8,710 4,672 1,265 765 248 1,960 140 9,092 1,030 1,166 1,183 237 1,448 359 3 610 75 159 228 1,744 1,609 1,121 483 1,055 451 511 54 147 352 493 123,287 36,764 9,109 4,408 165 38 484 201 39,363 9,624 3,766 1,187 8,233 4,215 1,092 605 996 100 1,000 162 6,464 1,668 537 6 41,978 12,471 85 24,500 5,139 3,536 3,609 7,842 2,006 6,816 1,693 3,974 668 18, 526 2,087 15,514 3,441 63, 939 19,419 27, 569 7,824 6,833 2,631 859 208 23, 706 7,101 4,081 1,'" 6,762 1,532 1,921 290 1,000 388 95 1,090 890 256 2,140 322 470 220 3,531 626 1,561 108 1,146 1,012 248 2,664 631 86 610 613 128 7,288 1, 4671 491 362 9,082 2,764 6,107 2,613 2,484 1,420 3,874 1,722 2,778 1,401 8,061 7,572 3,309 733 27,073 13,409 12, 411 4,264 8,694 3,769 508 382 13, 966 6,624 3,898 1,196 2,364 866 550 6,013 2,004 94 362 250 101 55 2,622 2,606 71 352 6,047 6,027 164 917 671 1,298 272 11,641 14,626 20 1,967 1, 523 642 356 163 491 718 73 192 2,121 1,217 1,3.59 1,660 25,665 18,685 2,406 2,121 1,270 973 25 120 1, 3,299 63 127 351 285 8,732 2,422 • Not reported in 1900. 24 MANUFACTURES. Table 2.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY STATES 65 79 81 99 100 101 102 103 104 STATE OR TERRITORY. New Jersey. New Mexico . New York. North Carolina . North Dakota. Ohio. Oklahoma . Oregon Pennsylvania . . Khode Island . . South Carolina. South Dakota.. Tennessee. Texas. Utah. Vermont . Virginia Washington . . . West Virginia . Wisconsin Wyoming Cen- sus. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 Num- ber of estab- Ush- menta. 7,010 6,415 199 174 37, 194 .35,957 3,272 3,465 507 337 13,785 13, 868 657 316 1,602 1,406 23,495 23,462 1,617 1,678 1, 1,369 Capital. 1905 1900 686 624 1905 1900 3,175 3,116 1905 1900 3,158 3,107 1905 1900 606 675 1905 1900 1,699 1,938 1905 1900 3,187 3,186 1905 1900 2,763 1,926 1905 1900 2,109 1,824 1905 1900 8,558 7,841 1905 1900 169 139 $715,060,174 477,301,565 4,638,248 2,16Q,718 2,031,459,515 1,623,502,651 141, 000, 639 68,283,005 5,703,837 3,511,968 856,988,830 570,908,968 11,107,763 2,462,438 44,023,548 28,359,089 1,995,836,988 1,449,814,740 215,901,376 176,901,606 113,422,224 62,750,027 7,585,142 6,051,288 102,439,481 63,140,667 115,664,871 63,656,616 26,004,011 13, 219, 039 62, 668, 741 43,499,633 147,989,182 92,299,589 96,962,621 41,574,744 49,103,138 412,647,051 286,060,566 2,695,889 2,047,883 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Num- ber. 23,196 15, 361 224 98,012 68,030 4,072 2,894 296 152 39,991 28,109 535 176 1,769 1,143 66, 081 43, 935 5,420 4,022 2,: 1,419 4,910 3,329 5,753 2,861 979 2,053 1,1 3,658 2,103 2,892 1,744 14,220 10,480 179 87 Salaries. S28, 956, 728 19,057,698 263, 814 90, 692 111, 146, 176 76,740,115 3,795,471 2,394,846 257, 812 129,532 43,434, 28,151,441 467,042 144,690 2, 132, 514 1,222,160 73,269,007 46, 146, 480 7,040,678 6,300,576 2,366,002 1,307,669 294, 353 176,487 6,080,429 3,047,663 6, 117, 709 2,918,676 1,038,363 600,612 2,102,708 1,610,514 4,874,806 3,629,609 4,092,919 2,063,448 2,898, 1,619,290 16,498,232 10,492,662 206,306 90,647 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Total. Aver- num- ber. 266,336 213,976 3,478 2,490 856, 947 726,909 86,339 72,322 1,765 1,368 364,298 308, 109 3,199 1,; 18,523 14,459 763,282 663,960 97,318 88, 197 69,441 47,026 2,492 2,224 60,572 45,963 49,066 38,604 8,062 5,413 33, 106 28,179 80,286 66,223 45, 199 31,623 43, 768 33,080 151,391 137,525 1,834 2,060 Wages. 1128, 168, 801 95, 164, 913 2, 153, 068 1,199,496 430,014,861 337,32.3,585 21,376,294 14, 051, 784 1,031,307 671,321 182,429,426 136,427,679 1,666,324 514, 879 11,443,512 6,822,011 367,960,890 296,875,648 43,112,637 36, 995, 101 13,868,960 9,130,269 1,421,1 1, 129, 787 22,806,628 14,727,506 24, 468, 942 16,911,681 6,157,400 2,762,523 16,221,1 11,426,548 27,943,068 20,273,889 30, 087, 287 17,065,140 21,153,042 12,639,856 71,471,805 55, 696, 816 1,261,122 1, 209, 123 Men 16 years and over. Aver- age num- ber. 195,447 166,787 3,388 2,403 603, 619 603,674 65,406 47,028 1,521 1,?32 303,828 258,778 2,870 1,200 16,843 13,067 694, 487 616, 101 61, 346 55, 306 37, 653 29, 097 2,179 2,033 51,757 39, 096 46, 766 35,995 6,840 4,663 28,321 23,964 65,055 62,671 43, 782 30,641 39,378 29,458 129,274 118, 332 1,793 2,030 Wages. $108,470,226 80,216,989 2,130,959 1,180,562 349,506,071 272,844,471 16,433,078 10,772,818 ■ 963,058 636, 858 166,270,529 124,960,436 1,565,594 498,396 10,950,469 6,491,943 324,870,814 261,511,244 31, 797, 036 26,611,661 10,233,237 6,663,088 1,329,891 1,087,461 21, 150, 048 13,674,6,59 23,731,548 16,378,411 4,861,613 2,693,668 13,818,386 10,341,995 26,197,362 18,269,026 29,605,475 16,827,447 20, 148, 606 11,975,783 66, 167, 356 51,846,213 1, 246, 138 1,199,968 Women 16 years and over. Aver- age num- ber. 62,887 49,366 52 61 246,449 210, 834 18,301 15,084 199 92 55,375 45,272 258 68 1,474 1,116 134,344 115,567 30, 742 27,907 12,019 9,448 280 81 6,611 4,875 2,479 1,693 1,017 677 4,669 3,973 11,990 1,304 631 3,249 2,812 17,970 13, 640 33 16 Wages. $18, 1&3, 140 13,636,089 14, 146 14,234 79, 016, 531 62,412,171 3,451,704 2,293,177 62, 339 29,862 15,222,146 10,802,783 76,948 11, 908 450, 150 283,072 37,071,326 30, 186, 886 10,245,356 8,483,633 2,313,612 1,624,035 86,030 25, 392 1,317,366 923,303 696, 169 405,205 259, 736 138, 260 1,362,144 1,042,146 2,294,017 1,608,958 466, 789 186, 853 772,458 638,789 4,574,028 2,973,092 13,480 6,059 Children under 16 years. num- ber. 8,002 7,832 38 7,979 12,401 11,632 10, 210 36 34 6,096 4,059 71 36 206 276 34,461 32,302 5,230 4,986 9,769 2,204 1,993 821 916 195 173 216 252 3,240 3,663 113 251 1,131 810 4,147 6,663 15 Wages. $1,616,4.36 1,311,836 7, 4,710 1,492,249 2,066.943 1,490,512 985,789 6,910 4,601 936, 760 664.360 12, 782 4,675 42,903 46, 996 6, 018, 751 5,177,418 1, 070, 246 899, 907 1,322,201 843, 146 S,759 16,934 338, 224 229, 644 141,225 128, 066 36, 161 30, 594 40,629 42,408 451,679 395,905 26,023 50,840 231, 978 125,284 730,421 877,511 1,504 3,096 GENERAL TABLES. AND TERRITORIES: 1905 AND 1900— Continued. 25 Miscellaneous expenses. Cost ot mate- rials used. $66,552,681 38,824,655 428,546 139,081 301,575,788 185,164,066 17,952,050 9,632,714 509,880 202,723 102, 704, 746 63,694,201 979.016 170,958 4. 185, 596 1,979,287 167.267,247 111,473,872 14,623,430 11,098,680 6,013,241 3,131,202 833,360 366,225 12,090,099 6,022,626 12,215,472 5,454,510 1,465,707 741, 471 4,923,366 3, 444, 175 14,403,382 11,249,903 11,034,750 3,927,918 8, 266, 716 4, 164, 390 46,674,166 31,871,426 420,597 156, 123 Value ot products, including custom work and repairing. $470, 449, 176 334,726,094 2, 235, 9.S4 1,998,593 1, 348, 603, 286 1,018,377,186 79, 268, 004 44,854,224 7,096,986 4,150,860 527, 636, 585 409,302,501 11,545,306 3,732,618 30, .596, 763 20, 788, 833 1,142,942,707 968,301,272 112,872,261 87, 951, 780 49,968,626 30,485,861 8,696,831 6,483,677 79, 351, 746 54,559,039 91,603,630 54,388,303 24,939,827 11,440,250 32,429,852 26,384,812 83,649,149 59,359,484 66, 166, 165 38, 276, 944 54,419,206 37,228,253 227,255,092 185, 695, .^93 1,300,773 1,369,730 $774,369,025 553,005,684 5, 705, .SSO 4,060,924 2, 488, 345, 579 1, 871, 830, 872 142,620,776 85,274,083 10,217,914 6,269,840 960,811,857 748,670,855 ■ 16,549,656 6,604,869 65,525,123 36,592,714 1,9.^5, .5.51. 332 1,649,882,380 202, 109, 683 165, 550, 382 79,376,262 63,335,811 13,085,333 9,529,946 137,960,476 92, 749, 129 150, 528, 389 92,894,433 38,926,464 17,981,648 63,083,611 51,616,228 148,856,525 108,644,160 128,821,667 70,831,345 99,040,676 67,006,822 411,139,681 326. 752, 878 3,523,260 3, 268, .5.55 Number of estab- lish- ments report- ing. 4,271 4,176 18, 410 18,289 2,660 2,610 287 265 9,318 8,460 316 136 1,091 978 14,630 15,092 1,146 1,360 1,076 973 414 476 2,475 2,415 1,915 1,756 376 375 1,459 1,71^ 2,425 2,425 1,817 1,200 1,655 1,434 5,084 4,597 93 80 Total horse- power. 494.972 334, 234 6,978 3,658 1,643,419 1,129,761 219, 752 156, 306 10,069 7,395 1,238,240 817, 054 17,293 6,331 81,844 60,452 2,613,494 1,802,078 190,679 165, 545 221, 190 118,573 11,312 11,909 180, 1.36 131, 141 170, 522 116,984 20, 72S 13,915 143, ,304 126, 853 185, 282 141, 491 171,982 88,176 143,001 92, 321 480, 554 375, 091 3,690 3,900 Owned. Engines. Steam (horse- power). 386, 770 281, 306 6,097 3,283 850, 497 6.69, 702 183,166 122, 778 8,619 6, 9.30 1,028,665 732,006 15, 593 6,098 65, 512 37,986 2,088,773 1,587,706 140, 322 115, 735 157, 432 80,913 8,483 9,256 161,919 116,715 165,312 110,943 12, 162 7,606 56, 833 44,190 143, 917 109, 392 150, 312 77, 749 124,212 84, 234 303, 874 262,642 2,712 3,184 Gas and gasoline (horse- power) . Water wheels (horse- power) . 9.07U 3,2S4 114 64 44,288 16, 221 646 759 35, 101 14,230 706 165 371 195 68,209 26, 246 1,247 427 239 323 1,397 1,270 1,876 96: 59 1, 1,120 1,71 748 493 189 6,569 1,045 11, 356 4,358 18,072 20, 161 136 153 445, 197 335, 411 28,353 29,241 318 606 17, 781 17, 848 50 1 20, 526 19,263 60,220 64,601 29,181 28, 171 31,094 27, 586 1,0,V. 1,099 9,762 11,078 2,276 1,557 3,221 3,366 76,044; 77,421]. 25, 80,5 23, .5.50 4,482 6, 853 6,274| 5, 425' . 112, 5261 93,122 . Water motors (horse- power). 13 937 134 60 233 193 160 Electric motors (horse- power) . 58, 698 11, 731 30 126, 827 29, 830 3,130 1,839 196 44 121,308 33,; 266 12 496 447 311,096 85,384 9,662 1,926 23,711 5,876 158 134 4,356 823 5,885 827 1,331 1,241 729 8,284 4,795 3,640 575 4,423 427 40, 320 10, 71 ) so; Other power (horse- power) . 3,325 7,650 320 150 4,778 6,058 47 550 6,115 2,967 26 36,729 9,932 760 2,595 180 370 125 38 699 27 983 10 192 265 635 1,215 523 905 1,916 420 376 .53 Rented. Electric (horse- power) . 10, 603 4,126 96, 284 47, 768 2,423 281 127 23,159 8,768 612 4.727 2,243 35, 701 22,362 6,815 2,r" 8,461 186 181 100 2,230 1,370 4,414 2,390 2,941 1,588 4,650 1,444 4,403 822 11, 650 2,562 776 2 8.558 2,426 Other kind (horse- power; . 8,309 6, 971; 76,611 34, 771 502 616 27 5,743 7,846 140 65 78 3lS 23, 366 15,847 3,642 3,722 80 3,320 10 12 427 624 1,321 1,6S4' 382 969 759 176 94 258 l,i 1,412 63 64 65 66 67 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 86 86 91 92 93 94 97 99 100 101 102 103 104 26 MANUFACTURES. Table 3.— UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED Group 1 FOOD AND KINDRED PKODUCTS. INBUSTEY. United States Beet sugar Bread and other bakery products Butter Butter, reworking Canning and preserving, fish Canning and preserving, fruits and vege- tables. Canning and preserving, oysters Cheese Chocolate and cocoa products Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding. . Condensed milk Confectionery Cordials and sirups Flavoring extracts Flour and grist mill products Food preparations Glucose Lard, refined Oleomargarine Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and sheUing. Picldes, preserves, and sauces Rice, cleaning and polishing Number of estab- lish- ments. 45, 790 Slaughtering and meat packing, whole- sale. Slaughtering, wholesale, not including meat packing. Sugar and molasses, refining Vinegar and cider 51 18, 227 5,235 35 373 2,261 3, 610 25 421 81 1,348 63 377 10,051 766 14 30 528 74 292 559 370 :H44 568 Total. $1,173,151,276 ,55,923,459 122, 363, 327 30,080,419 1,718,761 19, 853, 016 47,629,497 2, 599, 563 6, 232, 182 8, 378, 980 38,734,868 10,942,955 43, 125, 408 1,666,418 4, 404, 986 265, 117, 434 61,784,434 17, 045, 313 1,162,891 1,660.776 i,ie8.8.5il 19, 439, 540| 8,821,0991 2,704,246 219,818,627, 17,896,063 165, 468, 320 7,519,863 Land. 185,332,561 1,737,943 15, 797. 767 1, 762; 633 83, 855 2,088,369 2,687,007 141, 670 361,207 569, 302 1,059,459 433, 225 3,002,819 144,000 109, 662 22,969,996 2,879.198 1,641,622 74, 372 71,000 26,000 1, 739, 240 646, 883 367,044 13, 427, 171 1,692,986 9, 188, 103 740, 028 Buildings. $200,406,968 11,466,749 29.946,976 9, 158, 088 268, 484 3,472,641 9, 144, 868 426, 239 2,924,748 1,056,768 2,340,248 2,881,980 6, 118, 706 202,981 216, 766 48, 634, 410 7,. 558, 848 3.. 503, 467 162,003 318, 162 87,900 3,177,056 1,739,052 651, .342 38, 370, 740 3,641,637 12, 145, 482 1, 790, 728 Machinery, tools, and implements. $273, 894, 908 28, 695, 825 39,894,743 11,800,637 383, 825 4, 597, 028 10,268,496 419, 683 1,810,074 1,651,399 3,758,096 3,612,416 10,304,877 121,634 336. 260 68, 628, .575 8, 594, 957 7,663,915 233,030 224, 497 198, 234 2,449,320 2,340,019 633, 762 27,770,453 2,221,994 33,630,714 2,260,545 Cash and sun- dries. ,$613,616,839 Group 3 TEXTILiES. United States. 17,042 Awnings, tents, and sails Bags, other than paper Belting and hose, linen Carpets and rugs, other than rag. Carpets, rag Cloth, sponging and refinishing. Clothing, horse Clothing, men's Clothing, men's, buttonholes Clothing, women's Collars and cuffs Cordage and twine. . Corsets Cotton goods Cotton small wares . Cotton waste Dyeing and finishing textifes. Felt goods Flags and banners Flax and hemp, dressed Furnishing goods, men's Hammocks Hand knit goods Plats and caps, other than fi-lt, straw, and wool. Hats, felt Hats, wool Hosiery and knit goods . .Jute and jute goods Linen goods Mats and matting Millinery and lace goods Nets and seines Oakum Oilcloth and linoleum, floor Oilcloth, enameled Regalia and society banners and emblems. Shirts Shoddy Silk and silk goods Upholstering materials AVool pulling. . . Wool scouring. . Woolen goods. . Worsted goods. 390 79 20 139 363 65 . 29 4,504 141 3,351 44 102 109 1,077 77 41 360 39 31 17 503 14 65 415 216 17 1,079 16 15 12 sno 12i 16 11 140 641 97 624 236 34 27 792 226 SI, 744, 169, 234 4, 793, 130 12,387,069 2,668,377 66,781,074 1,099,565 401,326 1,499,079 163,177,600 282, 091 73.947.823 11,926,879 37,110,621 9, 589, 402 605,100,164 8,010,491 3, 585, 611 88, 708, 576 9, 667, 136, 664,004! 238, 842' 16, 116, 705 289,. 570 279. 54r 4, 185. 1.50 23, 258, 104 1,646,064 106, 663, 531 11,019,132 6,293,878 838, 607 17,849.821 2,043.40.^ 488, .502 10, 108, 107 3, 695, 125 3, 252, 501 23, 379, 774 6,804,164 109,. 556, 621 9, 293, 120 2,6,34,029 1,187,716 140, 302, 488 162,464,929 $83,070,226 450, 628 345, 812 47, 489 3, 153, 804 142, 638 9,000 43,986 2, 650, 080 30, 300 928,373 220, 950 2,760,206 449,516 26,351,7.53 368, 036 286,9.39 7, .587, 005 631,582 99, 300 14, 700 855, 230 3,700 21,400 98, 500 1,958,611 70,000 3, 828, 321 328, 163 370, 666 25, 705 490,964 207, 673 .39, 808 677, 064 94, 2.50 241,272 , 561,. 461, 352 3, 3.36, .596 674,919 229, 258 133,969 10, 223, 761 11,766,470 $248, 492, 461 $484,807,281 352, 491 880, 344 216,389 8,696,950 243, 790 .52.000 1.32,020 5,083.01 44, 942 2,362,r~" 789, 984 .6,013,369 1,416,126 115, 361, 2.38 1,248,089 606, 372 16,698,086 1, 865, 7621 67,700 40, 958 1,272,. 530 4,700 32, 760 155, 536 2, 887, .309 241, 280 13,713,924 1,883,913 1,055,144 124, 697 933, .584 1.59. 741 40.644 2,519.165 794, 2,50 357, 062t 1,. 3.58, 905 971,. 5.54 14,692,813' 1,325,586, 283,986 192,6261 21,226,9.531 20,201,406 438, 802 1,677,342 364, 804 15, 129, 294 350, 819 185, 763 180, 569 6,851,045 118,838 7, 337, 871 1,331,128 9, 342, 670 1,094,820 245, 766, 621 2, 869, 913 467, 056 24,013,987 2,143,294 89,833 38, 492 1,317,260 100, 394 45,391 483, 346 5, 318, 675 247,083 32,089,938 3,161,476 1,416,613 267, 190 3,077,894 417,915 86,050 1,729,190 1,489,268 426, 760 2, 889, 527 1.278,004 29.347,016 2, 699, 733 193,556 466, .390 a5. 090, .5.59 41,. 595, 093 14, 022, 942 36, 723, 841 7, 359, 061 982, .587 9,695,078 25, 529, 126 1,611,971 1,136,163 5,111,611 31,577,065 4, 115, 334 24,699,006 1,197,903 3,742,299 124,884,453 33,051,431 4, 336, 309 693, 486 937. 117 866,717 12,073.924 4,095.145, 1, 1.52, 098 140, 2.50, 263, 10, .339, 446' 110,004,021 2, 7.38. ,552 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 25, 106 61 2,878; 6, 130, 36 199' Total horse- power. 8927,799,266 3,551,209 9, 583, 671 2, 049, 696 29,801,026 362, 308 154,563 1,142,504 138,693,358 68, Oil 63,328,813 9,584,817 18,994,276 6, 628, 941 217,620,662 3,634,453 2,326,244 40.409,498 5,126,498 407, 171 144, 692 12,671,685 180,776' 179, 990 3, 447, 769 13,093,609 1,087,701 57,031,348 6, 645, 680 3,461,4.55 421,016 13,. 347, 379 1.258,076 .322.000 5.282.698 1.317,3,57 2, 227, 407 18,669,854 3, 093, 254 62, 180, 196 4,692,; 1,827,229 394,731 73,761,215 88,901,960 11, 366 231 70 17 135 172 46 24 2,287 61 1,834 41 96 80 1,073 76 41 328 39 15 14 255 10 15 163 165 16 1,002 16 16 10 477 9 6 16 11 52 477 95 608 218 2.5 26 784 225: 1,477,245 40, 187 40,871 77,777 1,794 7.274 1,402 44,879 33 1,218 23 402 1,243 10,446 7,204 18,826 81 824 18 88 10,018 6,403 27,764 782 873 780,042 542 9 5 14 29, 278 34,908 810 1.828 30 1,667 337 74 248 11.119 16,251 3, 440 498 142, .591 118 10.. 377 327 503 147.861 10.7.50 1,861,990 1,221 5,017 1,333 39, 239 1,669 322: 6,58' 21,927 137 15,449 2,600 44,356 3,456 1,031,843 7,805 4,013 95,506 10,936 270 600 3,430 171 31 797 18, 695 1,912 83.814 22, 634 6,528 1,5.59 5,184 260 367 9.605 1,689 818 9,6.58 12, 445 78,888 15,898 1,360 3,488 163,793 130,620 GENERAL TABLES. 27 INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905. Group 1.— FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS. Proprie- tors and lirm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEEK.S, ETC. Aggregate. Officers ol corporations. Number. Salaries. Numbor. Salaries. 48, a52 ■ 20,0381 3, 497| 32 341 2,447 93 3,289 15 442 11 15:i 1, 366 68 384 13,098 10 2.' 582 33 356 491 478 364 645 (ioniT;il superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Total. Number. 53, 224 51,456,814 5, 494 SIO, 134. :»2 Salaries. Men. WAGE-EAENERS. S41,322,512 Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the yi'ar. 763 8, 3,58j 3.017; 90 785, 2,653' 186 177 291 2, 844| 313 5, 124 171 672 7, 415 2. 657 371 206' lie; 2,179' 436' 122 11,305 069 1, sse' 341 I 1,004.636 6.272,855 1 976,069'j 85. 191 1 873, 483 . 2,241,788 ■ 120, 867, 36, 696 463,231,1 3,215,034|i 363, 332 4,839,-529, 241, 905 698, 076 7, 362, 357 2,999,043 388, 257 107, 679 253,090 122, 125 2, 288, S17 648, .562 109, 297 12,468,332 885, 670 2, 153, 679 3.59, 114 122 473] 516l 16 25 220| 29 6461 24| 99; , 1, 4.50 287' 8 6' 19, 1.57 70 10 372 46 104 681 284,781 871.210' 260,762' 22, 870 226, 766 I! 710,343; 22,733^' 5,433 84.045 665,234| 72, 040 ' 1,246,483 71,522, 195,497ji 2, 216, 19: 952, 37, 13, 40, 151, 27, 1, 041, 157, 390, 111, 094: 933' 000 176 247 1 II 474 717; 641 7, 8.85; 2, .501 690 2,020J 167, 122 266 2,624 I 284 4, .578 147 573 5,965; 2, .370' 363; "I 91 2,022! .366; 112, 10,933J 623] 1,782 273| 719, 855 5, 401, 645 716, :i07 62, 321 646, 717 1, 531, 445 98, 134 31,263 379, 186 2, 650, 400 291,292 3, 693, 046 170, 383 502, 579 5, 136, 165 2, 046, 638 350,957 94, 079 212, 895 70,' 1,982,423 396,629 82,297 11, 417, 166 728, 323 1, 763, 205 247, 397 :i9,:iS9 S:i7,650,649 8, 341 83,671,.S63 8,753 (;oo, 4,982! 2,2.83; 53 616 1, 775! 1.58 115 229 2, 287 235' 3, 333 122 424! 6, 065; 1, 743 '328 691 161 87 ,,757, 356 83 1,026 633 ,735 234; 702, 969l 4, 391, 750; 628. i:i0; 52. 689 616, 0.52 1,431,. 584 94, 164 29, 532 359, 488 2,495,011; 266, 189 3, 002, 943 1.57, 574 437,022 4, 723, 4.50' 1, 767, 868 331, 3.56 93,079; 198,639, 68, 9,80 1, 843, 98S; 391.789 71,281: 1 10, 852, 756 679, 505 1,736,579 226, 282; 41 2, 9031 218 21 74, 245! 3?l 337 49 ,245 25 149 900 627 35 2 26' 265 10 29 16, 8,86 1,009,,S95 87, 177 9, Wi 30, 665 99, 861 ! 3,970 1,731 19, 698 165, 389 I 25, 103' 690, 103; 12,809 65, ,567 412,716 278, 770 19,601 1,000 14,256 1,795 138, 436 4,840 11,016 564, 400 26, 626 21,116 Least number employed at any one time dur- ing tbe year. 13, 178 90, 937 11,604 608 16, 881 172,026 7,262 4,22s 2 721 6^ 864 4,178 47, 926 1,368 2,087 48, 449 16, 340 4, 370, 501 ; 618 2,024 16, 614 2,728 1, 86, 128 5,308 29,596 3,820 Group 2 TEXTlIiES. 348, 401 6,675 76, 657 9,278 306 71, 388 6,101 3,686 1,381 5,323 2,793 28,903 486 1,351 34, 168 8,700 2,496 400 413 1,005 6,416 1,180 1,165 47,1 3,473 17, 166 1,813 6; 3, 800, 944 3; 1,620 1.067 2.37 126,. 594 82, 241 161 84, 451 78. 244 68, 369 40 4,235 41 462 42 649 43 62, 865 44 58,869 45 28 MANUFACTURES. Table 3.— UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES Croup 1.— FOOD AND KINDRED PKODIJCTS— Continued, INDUSTRY. United States B^et sugar Bread and other bakery products . . - Butter • Butter,, reworking Canning and preserving, fish Canning and preserving, fruits and vege- tables. Canning and preserving, oysters Cheese Chocolate and cocoa products Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding . . Condensed milk Confectionery Cordials and sirups Flavoring extracts Flour and grist mill products Food preparations Glucose Lard, refined Oleomargarine Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling. Pickles, preserves, and sauces Rice, cleaning and polishing WAGE-E.4.RNEKS AND WAGES. Total. Average number. 364,054 $164,601,803 Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. Slaughtering, wholesale, not including meat packing. Sugar and molasses, refining Vinegar and cider United States Awnings, tents, and sails Bags, other than paper Belting and bose, linen Carpets and rugs, other than rag Carpets, rag Cloth, sponging and refinishing Clothing, horse Clothing, men's Clothing, men's, buttonboles Clothing, women's Collars and cuffs Cordage and twine Corsets Cotton goods Cotton small wares Cotton waste Dyeing and finishing textiles Felt goods Flags and banners ^ Flax and hemp, dressed Furnishing goods, men's Hammocks Hand knit goods Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool. Hats, felt Hats, wool Hosiery and knit goods Jute and jute goods Linen goodw Mats and matting Millinery and lace goods Nets and seines Oakum Oilcloth and linoleum, floor Oilcloth, enameled Kegalia and society banners and emblems Shirts Shoddy Silk and silk goods Upholstering materials Wool pulling Wool scouring Woolen goods Worsted goods .3,963 81,284 9,530 404 6,! 39,988 3,291 2,652 2,090 5,959 3,375 36,239 660 1,543 39,110 11,333 2,876 441 522 1,356 8,511 1,492 1,265 69,593 4,541 13,549 1,528 Wages. 2,486,702 43,179,822 6,405,872 252, 139 3,241,740 10,428,521 547,909 1,493,906 821,851 2,830,243 1,513,159 11,699,257 235,299 653,366 19,822,196 4,398,348 l,774,r" 219,387 316,736 205,281 3,068,263 640,632 739,824 37,090,399 3,236,673 7,675,650 726,148 Men 16 years and over. num- ber. 264,682 J143,882,084 3,928 64,580 9,277 391 5,262 16,760 906 2,687 1,205 3,556 2,172 13,340 424 767 38,572 6,8 2,8 416 511 281 4,356 1,487 1,236 64,171 4,521 13,011 1,353 Wages. Women 16 years and over. Aver- age num- ber. 79,804 2,472,032 38,836,842 5,326,662 246,895 2,738,157 5,902,779 282,857 1,476,581 596,329 2,153,437, 1,168,004| 6,506,969' 195,256 449,4851 19,675,724 3,285,370 1,751,558 210,555 312,111 86,776 2,116,110 639,993 731,627 35,355,164 3,230,489 7,462,370 684,963 10 14,844 218 12 1,367 20,438 1,632 64 768 2,322 1,133 21,123 231 744 450 4,307 58 15 10 996 4,004 1 23 406 170 Wages. $19,151,342 5,096 3,986,635 73,536 5,044 445,228 4,176,780 195,514 15,750 200,322 662,655 332,647 4,905,493 39,111 198,346 132,513 1,078,457 19,213 4,672 3,425 112,479 931,461 239 7,402 1,478,413 3,040 98,230 39,641 Children under 16 years. Aver- age num- ber. 9,568 25 1,860 35 1 330 2,790 753 11 117 81 70 1,776 5 32 217 14 11 1 151 4 6 963 11 132 5 Wages. 81,568,377 .S131,773,642' 9,574 357,345 6,674 200 58,365 348,962 09,538 1,575 26,200 14,151 12,608 286,796 932 5,636 13,959 34,621 3,809 4,160 200 7,027 20,692 400 796 266,8^2 3,044 25,050 554 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES, Total. Kent of works. «9, 340, 376 1,999,. 555 20,493,262 2,811,2471 263,546 3,082,7711 6,275,619J 232,594! 322,062 l,680,r"" 7,366,600 940,969 9,474,111 442, 170 1,050,639 19,756,711 9,745,251 1,007,218 160,448 522,230 233,841 4,060,397 615,583 303,962 28,032,248 2,599,111 8,600,764 709,876 8,675 4,576,102 181,228 19,661 60,566 149,365 12,276 42,394 79, 483 653,876 4,366 1,297,986 38,456 162,910 693,366 324,168 24,686 54,300 20,010 205,446 17,930 69,714 290,540 278,569 166,672 28,645 Taxes, not including internal revenue. 8^,575,260 234,768 778,674 168,510 6,716 152, 106 186,762 9,683 32,035 58,942 134,654 44,890 227,768 9,162 19,046 1,503,589 147,840 77, 138 6,372 9,039 5,518 82,141 50,481 16,143 899,943 117,756 675,347 30,238 Group 3.— TEXTlliES— Continued. 1,156, 305 $419, 841, 630 492,161*230,942,286 582,630 $175,620,186 3,432 5,722 692 . 33,221 1,736 796 1,063 137, 190 903 115,706 10,786 14,614 10,975 310, 458 6,416 1,559 36,666 3,254 374 214 16,399 271 377 6,694 22,047 1,603 103,716 6,083 3,811 026 27,500 824 142 3,365 528 2,498 36,499 2,089 79,601 4,712 681 779 72, 747 69,251 1,767,^ 1,828,626 252,061 13,724,233 674,929 503,935 341,655 57,226,506 380,468 61,180,193 3,067,193 5,338,178 3, 600, 462 94,377,696 1,828,100 494,665 15,469,206 1,350,754 115,487 59,977 5,092,915 91,379 78,583 3,353,589: 11,282,237 619,194 31,536,024 1,917,986 1,324,321 249,104 10,307,241 243,651 48,945 1,719,938 223,819 1,012,708 11,233,392 834,822 26,767,943 1,867,082 364,754 397,811 28,827,556 26,269,787 1,973 1,959 223 16,930 1,334 768 423 58,759 477 42,614 1,619 8,646 1,178 145,718 1,565 906 28,483 2,646 102 212 2,317 104 45; 4,477 15,432 1,030 25, 167 2,437 1,260 437 3,683 84 124 3,216 518 844 7,061 1,625 27,037 3,231 702 44,452 29,883 1,266,805 942,503 130,957 8,271,441 680. 166 494,001 194. 167 34,572,973 246,892 26,370,180 730,664 3,779,836 771,403 52,212,730 740,538 381,996 13,643,724 1,135,013 40,843 59,631 1,252,167 39,910 18,391 2,634,378 9,166,347 487,013 10,747,214 948,467 621,135 195,844 2,324,286 .55,640 46,390 1,684,676 220,430 503,298 3,506,693 723,540 12,787,322 1,428,825 364,394 375,578 19,850,062 14,493,966 1,422 3,418 444 14,408 350 34 661 76,468 396 72,242 9,179 4,999 9,514 124,711 3,452 640 6,658 699 253 1 13,728 147 326 2,062 6,166 433 68,867 3,083 1,990 182 i 23, 400 716 17 51 8 1,620 28,258 458 45, 198 1,322 i 67 24,662 32, 130 482,179 811,179 116,568 5,084,201 86,698 9,184 133,895 22,202,790 128,500 24,661,561 2,927,344 1,392,043 2,772,560 36,872,510 1,023,474 110,101 1,640,093 219,147 71,519 90 3,786,515 48,169 59,253 708,791 2,035,686 125,957 19,364,014 876,094 582,392 .'■)2,441 7,91.5,905 1S3,219 2,399 16,656 2,901 603,202 7,5,54,388 110,242 12,859,156 414,103 19,610 8,184,449 10,379,1,54 81,514 $13,379, 159 $199,066,264j $14,577,059 $8,202,156 37 345 25 1,883 52 3 79 2,963 3D 969 283 40,029 13 1,424 354 20 449 40 . 9,681 663 561 6 417 24 1 34 1,190 6 7,366 159 . 1 10 3,743 7,238 8,482 74,844 4,536 368,591 8,176 750 13,693 449,743 5,076 148,462 9,286 166,300 56,499 6,292,456 64,088 2,408 285,388 2,594 3,125 250 55,243 3,300 939 10,420 80,205 6,224 1,434, 92,635 121,094 819 67,060 4,692 150 18,708 6,178 172,311 1,040 1,121,406 24,154 360 2,623 793,055 687,6071 1,721,467 352,048 4,102,1461 183,509; 191,382 154,341 57,696,2401 46, 383, 24,349,282! 2,927,746 2,508,600 2,104,522 29,930,801 556,577 330,076 5,978,277 612,766 86,780 17,610 3,497,135 86,432 97,393 781,322 2,831,197 293,208 10,320,176 771,106 403,401 119,590 4,688,'553 136,426 23,929 901,374 468,171 568,076 6,461,006 461,527 14,062,777 . 819,410 128,396 149,156 8,218,766 8,301,579 186,957 122,968 23,095 91,026 51,592 81,765 17,039 3,474,781 21,696 4,171,382 55,883 64,336 111,175 659,745 61,048 38, 122 410,613 8,270 23,. 532 2,038 469,138 11,685 10,419 253,294 147,563 11,693 534,273 83,383 5,701 9,306 1,087,815 12,960 400 1,955 6,575 72,370 594,663 23,955 702,550 106,308 16,462 17,460 288,640 432,728 27,569 66,990 9,688 334,060 6,062 1,180 4,296 362,976 874 118,689 17,772 192, 177 46,364 4,141,364 36,816 21,369 402,390 35,566 1,111 2,569 38,642 368 796 10,692 65,342 8,876 388,843 75,959 43,673 2,683 38,380 12,367 1,564 31,753 19,576 56,077 29,025 337,784 42,574 ' 0,723 8,001 646,223 .500,069 GENERAL TABLES. 29 AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. Group 1.— FOOD ANJB KINDRI<:D PKODIIn 208,313 1, 940 .17. 74.^1 ■'1 3, 759, 3,59 538,082 228,035 26,827,146 2,116.062 7, 743, 886 047,743 13, 452 9,090 60 14,619 86,724 114,849 3,249 26,065 88,909 6,350 642, 379 29, 207 ' 293,598 9,438 444,727 81,890 10,964 1,247,629 1,268,499 77,563 89,709 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Group 2.— TEXTII.JES— Continued. $119, 771, S.86 466, 254 1, 396, 502 310, 793 3, 612, 946 119, 593 108, 437 98,368 19,493,691 23, 363 13,098,607 1, 780, 189 1,999,615 1,947,983 24, 678, 875 380, 704 $56,515,063 6,827 136,007 8,572 124,114 6,262 34,638 34, 363, 892 5o0 6,960,704 1,073,902 252, 472 450, 817 78,009 258, 420 5,072,489 566,501 60,637 11,903 12, 165 92,885 2,429 1,500 1,100 2, .573, 938 71, 679 24,208 607,726 415,417 1,800 61,970 9,710 2,458,499 159,793 269,995 8,672,815 611,764 2, 045 724,245 352, 606 73, 360 i,522 34,241 3, 006, 287 105, 000 21,966 450,071 6,098 867, 666 448, 487 4,023 461,136 2,764,939 401, 702 6, 162, 857 648, 518 14, 995 3, 036, 327 6,245 6,859,586 22,010 106,211 123, 694 $1,246,562,061 6,873,819 6, e.S7, 3,6 410,084 681.436, 6,669,721 30, 758, 040 1,697,515 37,947,954 489,285' 38, 852 1,329,435 185, 793, 4.36 94, 857 130,719,996| 4, 639, 842 36,095,747: 6, 136, 237; 282,047,648 4,207,655j 6, 826, 261 19,621,253 5, 754, 026 486,872 233, 132 21,924,658 189, 780 196, 566 6, 307, 663 15,975,206 1,309,810 76, 593, 782 5,054,1:30 3, 740, 669 574, 168' 26, 2.58, 910. 1,140,516' 240, 929 6, 779, 263' 3,270,746 2,019,067 25, 639, 402 6, 055, 731 75,861,188(1 7,977,193 103, 984 214, 624 ! S7, 830, 8L'5 109, 058, 481 81,199,402,1 6, 564, 281 30,418,252 1,660,214 36, 696, 729 445, 904 14, 152 1, 305, 336 183,781,059 84, 202 129, 659, 933 4, 543, 957 '35,022,860 5, 968, 642 263, 632, 701 4,037,209 6, 669, 724 15,088,428 5, 449, 667 480, 914 229, 524 21, 737, 185,026 191,225 6, 238, 784 15,279,117 1,287,723 74,093,653 4,607,012 3, 572, 479 544, 435 25, 955, 828 1, 118, 869 235, 243 6, 441,. 5.57 3r203, 048 1,969,825 26, 148, 895 5. 788, 249 73, 883, 906 7, 676, 424 72, 820 126, 552 82, 875, 7,80 105, 526, 220, $462, 732, 001 $736, 670, 865 824, 267, 374 25,056 r85,928 11, 276, 846 1,1 2,270 "38,' 259 31,614,742 48, 934 221,821,944 390, 805 142, 820 3,979,585 221 ,822 0,157 400 6, 762, 772 624, 445 12,078,062 4,124,719 2,827,114 125, 977 2, 425, 862 20, 006 428, 290 6, 000 147,412 46,318,416 6,154,063 47, 875, 088 64,95S,fi27i 6,639,225 30, 132, 324 1,660,214 26, 420, 883 444, 304 14, 162 1,-305,336 183, 778, 789 84, 202 129, 521, 674 4, 543, 957 3,408,118 5, 919, 608 41,810,757 3, 646, 404 6, 516, 904 15,088,428 1,470,082 480,914 7,702 21, 737, 609 185, 025 185, 068 6, 238, 384 8,616,345 663, 278 62,015,001 482, 293 745, 365 418, 458 23, 529, 966 1, 118, 869 215, 2.37 6,013,267 3, 198, 048 1, 969, 825 26,148,895 5, 640, 837 28, 565, 490 2, 522, 371 72, 820 125, 552 35, 000, 692 40, 567, 593 $3, 007, 3 $13, 760, 613 16, 586 47,427 14, 866 714, 929 17,883 10, 318 10, 387 424, 706 4,188 212, 411 52, 379 429, 173 86, 963 9, 902, 348 97,035 39, 103 3,268,611 171,666 2,458 2,485 42, 375 2,172 1,653 17, 689, ,531, 346 46, 9671 1,283,018; 99, 908: 76,916; 4,:iS0 83, 008 6, 265 4, 808; 287,262' 60, 331 11,915' 195,372 149,144 802, 220; 131,013, 20, 434! 58, 781 2,662,1111 2,101,1194 27, 1291 27,014 4,471 32, 673 14, 514 12, 781 4,176 653,058 5, 524 558, 894 10, 651 13, 122 21,004 464, 923 25, 195 4,220 72, 339 2,336 1,516 23 51,422 1,486 747 30, 387 2.3,212 120 202, 030 1,625 5, 400 7,556 l:«,467 ;i,688 26 1,650 900 10,215 87, 956 2(1, 893 208, 336 35, 634 408 15,789 74, 181 168, 780 4,673 39, 512 10,205 402, 349 3,662 1,525 2, 78, 437 918 81,018 10,267 509, 626 16,060 7,297,475 36, 683 47,222 662, 475 64,110 1,740 949 7,033 773 437 3,204 48, 107 13,200 541,174 280, 391 78, 390 4,362 28,871 1,786 793 18, 963 3,741 2,461 56, 660 29, 798 608, 686 58, 704 3,108 11,111 1,319,706 1,37S.129 86, 123, 839 57, 052 225, 835 7,759 101,274 7,322 76 7,376 956, 176 26 307, 740 22,688 120, 966 42,668 750, 201 11,533 74, 932 629, 500 76, 248 244 151 86, 219 324 1,504 17, .599 93, 424 m, 907 66, 194 7 .■" ■ 13^ 435 67,742 9,908 29,831 2,726 24, 651 150, 619 61,647 238, 141 74, 918 7,154 3,391 898, 997' 483, 1158 $2,147,441,418 11,269,170 37, 399, 087 2,836,r- 01,686,433 1, 918, 286 1,052,939 2, 139, 496 356, 796, 671 700, 168 247,661,660 12,587,277 48, 017, 139 14, 862, 081 442,451,218 8, 016, 486 8, 343, 328 50,849,546 8, 948, 594 854, 692 346, 963 36, 444, 306 446, 816 518,315 12, 956, 490 36, 629, 353 2, 457, 266 136,558,139 9, 065, 802 5, 866, 388 l,242,i 50, 777, 768 1,724,912 361, 198 10, 388, 237 4, 404, 009 4, 753, 266 50,971,105 8,406,425 133,288,072 12, 677, 610 881,700 1,052,909 142,196,6.58 ; 65, 745,05- 30 MANUFACTURES. Table 3.— UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES Group 1.— FO&B AND KINDRED PKODUCTS^Continued. INDUSTRY. AVERAGE NUMBER OF "WAGE-EARNERS EMPLOYED DURING EACH MONTH. Men 16 years and over. United States Beet sugar Bread and other bakery products Butter Butter, reworking Canning and preserving, lish Canning and preserving, fruits and vege- tables. Canning and preserving, oysters Cheese " Chocolate and cocoa products Coflee and spice, roasting and grinding. . . Condensed milk Confectionery Cordials and sirups Flavoring extracts Flour and grist mill products Food preparations Glucose Lard , refined 01eon?argarine Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling. Pickles, preserves, and sauces Rice, cleaning and polishing Sausage Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale Slaughtering, wholesale, not including meat packing. Sugar and molasses, refining Vinegar and cider Janu- ary. 244, 626 2,927 62, 642 7,939 394 1,769 3,067 1,517 869 1,284 3,674 1,972 12, 143 395 722 38, 471 6,408 3,184 461 660 334 3,661 1,938 1,276 68, 875 4,671 12,803 900 Febru- ary. 236, 879 901 62,847 7,972 405 1,707 2,9 1,479 1,018 1,262 3,637 1,' 12, 189 391 717 38, 330 6,437 3,382 429 661 325 3,541 1,842 1,241 66,277 4,649 8,761 856 236, < 1,050 63, 490 8,287 394 1, 3,663 1,403 1,273 1,262 3,449 2,120 12, 402 398 744 38,468 6,627 3,470 421 558 302 3,638 1,660 1,201 64,736 4,503 April, May. 239, 471 246, 496 1,167 63,896 9,226 396 5,194 1,202 2,299 1,263 3,501 2,213 12, 643 416 772 37,211 6,637 2,826 405 633 317 3,777 1,137 1,181 62, 602 4,427 8,882 877 1,359 64. 678 10, 064 383 6, 6,797 288 3,618 1,143 3,606 2,: 12, 650 414 791 36, 370 6,447 2,697 388 515 299 June. 265, 142 1,468 66, 603 10, 628 383 7,456 12,685 146 3,911 1,063 3,600 2, 12, 806 460 796 36, 376 6, 319 2,189 388 623 283 July. 252, 124 4,040 4,152 872 607 1,173 1,166 63, 613 4,422 9,135 877 66, 334 4,445 9,277, 1,887 66,024 10, 642 362 7,867 20,1 93 3,954 976 3,527 2,379 12,592 447 773 37, 6,078 2,238 386 417 262 4,220 498 1,180 52,326 4,301 9,377 975 Au- gust. 277, 305 307,770 2,663 66,8j6 10, 493 362 8,853 39,715 63, Sep- tem- ber. 5,164 65, 732 10, 024 370 8,471 Octo- b'er. 307, 972 3, 956 3,664 2,296 12,915 433 778 38, 805 6,666 2,262 399 437 216 4,927 837 1,179 63,813 4,389 9,500 1,096 349 3,656 1.173 3,612 2,181 13,969 442 796 40, 089 7,672 2,639 416 478 203 5,536 1,770 1,227 9,337 399 6,184 34, 365 1,177 3,323 1,336 3,670 2,145 14,968 447 783 40, 789 7,964 3, 418 512 173 5,749 2,324 1,316 No- vem- ber. De- cem- ber. 293,687 279,816 9,244 10,166 65,163 64,481 8,633 422 4,665 1,629 2,181 1,381 3,655 2,063 16, 649 436 771 40, 434 7,586 2,964 442 603 308 6,063 2,296 1,334 9, 160 1 64, 618 8,190 433 2,146 Women 16 years and over. '«^r ^»^?v™- March, 66, 311 13, 148 6, 598 62,420 67,054 70,322 4,571 4,645 4,766 9,979 1,846 18,614 2,836 26, 886 2,736 1,592 1,174 1,372 3,578 2,011 15, 264 409 761 39,864 6,978 2,830 438 536 3,50 4,179 2,074 1,369 72, 780 4,664 24,960 1,600 13 13, 773 162 11 313 2,662 26 774 2,304 1,061 18, 462 132 606 416 4,045 70 17 16 1,226 4,607 10, 310 106' 14, 061 163 11 341 1,604 2,616 27 822 2,267 1,041 18,870 166 629 406 4,031 74 16 14 1,209 3,209 1 27 4,472 10 290 57,931 14, 441 173 11 446 1, 2,610 30 798 2,190 1,121 19,434 163 684 437 4,109 79 18 14 1,130 3,301 April. 69, 416 26 4,491 14, 581 188 11 826 2,614 2,666 49 784 2,210 1,196 19, 541 179 736 400 4,123 56 18 14 1,133 3,: "22 4,389 9 298 Group S.-TEXTlliES-Continued. United States 489, 281 499, 411 607, 706 602, 841 488, 629 477,906 471, 896 473, 768 491, 307 605, 248 602, 861 495, 079 579, 922 694, 446 606, 588 600, 182 Awnings, tents, and sails Bags, other than paper Belting and hose, linen Carpets and rugs, other than rag. Carpets, rag Cloth, sponging and refinishing. Clothing, horse Clothing, men's Clothing, men's, buttonholes Clothing, women's 12 Collars and cuffs 13 Cordage and twine . . 14 Corsets 15 Cotton goods 16 Cotton small wares. Cotton waste Dyeing and finishing textiles. Felt goods Flags and banners Flax and hemp, dressed Furnishing goods, men's Hammocks Hand knit goods Hats and caps, otlier than felt, straw, and wool. Hats, felt Hats, wool Hosiery and knit goods. J ute and jute goods Linen goods Mats and matting Millinery and lace goods Nets and seines Oakum Oilcloth and linoleum, floor . Oilcloth, enameled Regalia and society banners and emblems Shirts Shoddy Silk and silk goods Upholstering materials Wool pulling Wool scouring. Woolen goods Worsted good s 1,617 1,906 222 17,697 1,062 777 437 57, 565 469 37, 062 1,602 8,640 1,166 152, 133 1,590 892 28, 963 2,351 95 239 2,163 120 46 4,073 15, 495 759 24, 440 2,399 1,249 518 3,742 82 103 3,210 493 7,346 1,562 25,974 3,037 731 695 44, 109 29,964 1,661 1,893 226 17,623 1,065 771 422 58,598 485 44, 634 1,527 8,673 1,185 151, 624 1,698 893 29,034 2,360 94 258 2,230 124 46 4, 15, 542 802 24, 708 2,417 1,264 634 4,004 82 97 3,253 . 503 7,479 1,648 26, 596 3,080 719 636 44,281 29,850 1,824 1,879 226 17, 478 1,245 760 438 60,092 494 48, 456 1,566 9,033 1,217 150,729 1,605 904 29,294 2,446 108 251 2,336 140 48 4,406 15, 495 860 26,089 2,449 1,245 510 4,217 82 118 3,240 517 847 7,430 1,673 27,206 3,209 741 615 44,997 30, 202 2,168 1,893 230 17,611 1,435 732 438 59,587 496 46: 1,575 9,242 1,166 150,076 1, 570 907 28,7,38 2,426 111 230 2,356 123 37 4,494 14,727 935 25, 193 2,466 1,258 460 4,102 82 134 3,269 521 869 7,260 1,661 27,286 3,151 714 44,672 29, 618 2,397 1,893 226 17,294 1,521 731 437 58,017 470 37, 711 1,639 9,218 1,171 147,936 1,564 903 28, 181 2,446 118 198 2,325 115 37 4,464 14,665 1,031 26, 302 2,453 1,278 363 3,609 86 143 3,181 628 870 6,934 1,699 27, 166 3,178 634 721 44,891 29,299 2,433 1,920 223 17,100 1, '" 727 436 67, 398 448 33, 136 1,492 8,841 1,165 146,342 1,540 901 27, 476 2 — 115 194 2,286 113 36 4,398 14,793 1,140 26,317 2,461 1,225 397 2,916 85 128 3,204 548 6,694 1,568 26,381 3,162 592 774 43,976 28,760 2,295 1,978 220 16,649 1,389 749 436 66, 442 34,910 1,474 8,424 1,163 140,724 1,521 27, 169 2,716 97 199 2,260 96 37 4,389 15,; 1,279 25,002 2,407 1,218 450 3,304 87 132 3,243 869 6,388 1,620 26, 200 3,063 526 754 44,076 28, 291 2,037 2,107 223 16,126 1,351 768 373 68,153 471 43, 242 1,505 7,963 1,162 131,918 1,548 901 27,160 2,723 98 176 2,306 72 39 4,561 15,534 1,313 25,101 2,469 1,226 385 3,815 85 138 3,299 871 6,545 1,601 26,723 3,105 591 746 44,011 28, 761 2 2,0.56 222 15,969 1,382 767 386 60, 494 485 60, 423 1,463 8,102 1,219 135,524 1,657 27,833 2,728 101 176 2,362 74 42 4,789 16,064 1,282 26, 476 2,442 1,262 331 4,073 86 133 3,266 497 872 6,756 1,622 27,012 3,302 642 714 44,476 29, 942 1,896 2,047 222 16, 336 1,436 776 436 60, 725 496 61,101 1,444 8,390 1,194 144,418 1,637 913 28,960 2,607 100 193 2,411 81 64 16,924 1,240 26, 675 2,437 1,300 398 3,718 84 132 3,240 501 842 7,185 1,605 27, 800 3,457 730 769 44, 893 30,718 1,709 1 217 16, 694 1,378 781 418 69, 366 487 46, 856 1,665 8,534 1,164 147,143 1,577 929 29,272 2,669 96 214 2,412 87 60 4,695 15,932 1,042 26, 642 2,426 1,296 409 3,424 84 124 3,106 538 820 7,238 1,646 27,923 3,526 799 714 44, 692 31,602 1,652 1 221 16, 1,266 757 420 68,160 482 37, 532 1,686 8,692 1,174 160,150 1,683 922 29, 726 2,483 92 217 2,368 103 59 4,430 16,754 677 25, 159 2,428 1,309 499 3,372 84 106 3,093 572 783 7,358 1,706 28,180 3,502 787 683 44, 452 31,589 1,143 3,366 431 14,847 264 65 579 74,047 398 69, 446 8,868 4, '" 9,221 131,060 3,475 646 5,818 1,176 3,334 474 14,904 263 67 587 76, 418 406 75,786 9,160 4, 9,581 130, 545 3,524 625 6,903 703 226 12,680 176 326 1,962 6,299 312 67,064 2,940 2,006 229 22, 979 735 13 64 7 1,566 29,335 480 43, 648 1,295 14 24,751 31,648 13,060 177 326 2,036 6,3 340 68,296 2,971 2,032 228 25,864 739 13 62 7 1,592 29,648 480 44,650 1,312 28 24, 867 31,773 1,346 3,320 471 14,937 305 67 697 77,461 411 79,741 9,322 6,045 9,869 129,946 3,540 634 5,895 702 267 13,613 195 335 2,132 6,347 368 69, 194 3,020 2,010 207 27,322 756 14 62 6 1,658 29,976 488 45,680 1,335 12 24,967 32,265 1,615 3,362 471 14,837 357 66 629 76,383 399 77,789 9,513 6, 9,651 129, 342 3,608 648 5,783 711 298 13, 478 169 282 2,072 5,977 371 69,368 3,063 2,014 174 26,951 743 16 53 6 1,681 29,200 480 45,812 1,293 76 24,711 31,866 GENERAL TABLES. 31 AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. Uroiip 1.— FOOD AN1> KINDRFD PKODI CTS-Continued. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS EMPLOYED DURING EA( !I MONTH— continued. Women 16 years and over— -Continued. May. June. July. Au- gust. ^TeT' October. • Novem- ber. Decem- ber. 72,015 62, 180 71,483 77,111 110,203 132,876 116,157 85,510 1 15,388 284 12 1,385 2 15.308 306 12 1,832 7 15,247 276 13 2,425 IS 15,187 245 13 2, S35 34 15,258 219 13 2,578 25 15,172 188 13 1,826 20 14,720 173i 13' 390 15,002 239 11 1,207 5,855 14.410 23,412 54,119 69,119 47.386 16, 327 6,676 756 710 2 225 208 83 645 . 2,329 38 83 571 2,306 41 S3 53S 2,296 5.58 70 760 2,399 2,091 56 938 2,564 2, 697 41 939 2,503 2,741, 28 937 2,271 1,227 19,714 1S7 S90 365 1,285 19, 6SS 471 S.3S 345 1,216 19,071 489 784 360 1,160 20,139 194 729 381 1,138 22, 790 244 568 1,087 24,78S 240 7S7 623 1,067 25,761 169 768 580 1,008 25,218 148 684 519| 4,036 63 14 10 3,927 57 11 9 3,634 59 ir 4.070 42 14 6 5,080 43 14 7 5,115 54 14 7 4,884 51 16 8 4,6301 48 18 8; 986 SSO 7.5S 783 784 642 1,082 1,339 3,611 4,079 3,728 4,187 5,259 2 21 5,270 3 26 4,786 3 26 3,946 2 26 21 20 18 IS 4.512 10 4,595 9 2, 577 8 2,889 8 4,310 8 5,399 9 5,552 9 6,716 . 9 367 90 412 92 411 111 417 121 400 229 555 401 634 383 496 2321 C'hiMri'ti under 16 years. Janu- ary. .,588 9 1,702 21 1 17 213 1,266 5 103 76 44 1,459 2 31 75 "9 935 208 3 Febru- March. ' April. May. June. Sep- '"''■ g-t- ' be"rV Au- Octo- ber. No- vem- ber. De- cem- ber. 0,510| 6,042 (■,,,Sf6; 6,419 7,955 9,897 15,691| 17,830l 13,.523 9,0121 7,873 1,738 21 1 16 209 1,272 6 110 76 45 1,507 2 31 207 12 12 1 1,787 1,839 32 24 1| 1 73 185 241 1,232 6 110 77 50 1,537 2 32 213 12 12 2 875 9 367 1,201 10 109 83 Sb 1,539 2 34 79 203 11 10 2 1,87: 44 1 382 651 181 15 109 83 34 82 193 13 9 2 100 78 915 14 1,921 1,985 45 49 1 1 404 5:iO 1,774 3,725 53 19 107] 81 lOll 1,693 23 35: 84j I80I 15; 9 li. 95 185 4 1,010 13 117 1,700 17 38 92 217 15 83 112 "3 878 12 161 1,972' 1 630 19 112j 78 los' 1,802 2| 35 1 98; 51 1,921 42, 1 710 160' 1 125 82 71 2,038 2 32 96 228| 24; 151 16 10 12! 83 176 9 3 932 12 84 3 1,122 15 83 1,877 41 1 596, 70j 1,874 29 1 396 10,013 6,400, 851 989 7, 134 83 1 66 2,219 2 28 96 251 16 12 1 292 10 7 1,034 14 .230 11 70 2 1,832' 3 22: 4 1' 5 21 6 ■ ! 335 1 7 1,292' 1,3641 8 5' 3 9 138' 138 10 87 84 11 59 2,175 2 27 96 56 2,028 2 27 93 240 16 12 1 218 15 12 1 73 87 234 10 7 106 10 8 1,021 8 1,051 8 279 9 272 1 Group 2.-TEXTll,ES— Continued. 586,430 567,877 551,971 552,365 677,102 595,922 593,222 686,533 81,973 81,986 82,435 82,050 81,243 80,521 79,404 78, 473 80,372 82,591 83, 183 83,937 1 1,822 1,887 1,706 1,602 1,371 1,249 1,156 1,093 34 35 34 37 40 40 39 39 40 37 37 32 2 3,32! 3,39C 3,485 3,65; 3,482 3,458 3,484 3,453 335 338 345 334 345 344 372 359 354 340 338 336 3 46! 43! 439 446 44C 442 40; 409 28 27 28 27 26 ■ 24 24 26 26 23 21 21 4 14,77! 14,687 14,003 13,91S 13,779 13,88; 13,91'1 14, 408 2,053 1,987 1,961 1,876 1,885 1,864 1,832 1,813 1,822 1,801 1,827 1,885 5 384 405 372 373 379 394 365 339 37 37 48 55 62 66 63 55 56 52 49 44 6 21 10 11 14 11 11 9 66 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 7 597 551 505 46i 48S 50S 587 646 103 109 110 98 99 102 67 41 32 52 60 75 8 76,38; 75, 10; 73,256 73,387 76,117 76,97C 75,974 75,117 2,922 2,949 2,987 2,992 2,974 2,979 2,918 2,934 3,024 3,006 2,940 2,931 9 39; 38; 381 39; 4o; 398 398 389 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 1(1 71,297 65,019 61,100 67,189 76,072 78,611 75,572 69, 282 811 839 888 875 844 805 800 836 885 892 872 841 11 9,426 9,213 8,918 8,774 8,906 9,218 9,471 9,359 108 104 109 105 99 94 79 77 76 74 68 64 12 5,127 5,042 4,874' 4,845 4,561 5,093 5,228 6,372 1,026 998 1,004 1,009 959 906 931 888 899 983 1,009 1,016 13 9,476 9,335 9,170 9,196 9,920 9,865 9,65S 9,326 230 264 282 274 298 274 301 271 312 295 290 305 14 127,542 125, 65« 119,978: 110,376 114,090 123,557 126, 151 128,291 41,423 41, 180 41,039 40,803 40,059 39,627 38,318 37, 133 38,494 39,961 40,787 41,624 15 3,461 3,440 3,359 3,373 3,356 3,352 3,486 3,650 376 390 402 397 393 400 397 396 407 411 408 411 16 633 644 632 645 646 647 627 653 14 14 14 13 13 13 13 13 12 12 12 13 17 5,596 5,422 5,256 5,238 5,467 5,788 - 5,848 6,882 1,461 1,445 1,446 1,399 1,360 1,393 1,418 1,405 1,410 1,439 1,448 1,464 18 7o; 685 693 688 70C 7O0 708 707 10 10 10 10 10 9 9 8 a 8 8 8 19 301 29S 252 237 248 242 234 219 10 11 18 33 32 32 30 12 16 12 12 11 20 8 13,618 13,785 4 14,357 . 1 363 1 344 1 346 1 339 1 342 1 341 1 348 1 350 1 365 1 365 1 369 1 377 ■'1 13,391 13, 244 14,734 14,726 14,260 22 16S 162 116 104 94 120 131 152 35 27 25 20 22 22 2 3 12 22 25 25 23 287 283 295 311 323 380 394 371 4 6 5 5 5 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 24 2,012 1,949 2,046 2,093 2,192 2,157 2,052 2,041 51 51 53 54 57 56 54 52 58 60 59 65 25 5,890 5,887 6,213 6,266 6,315 6,136 6,099 6,187 423 427 436 416 424 444 462 470 471 464 479 472 26 431 471 622 602 615 453 332 289 21 21 26 35 42 55 73 64 63 36 23 21 27 69,171 69,167 67,995 68,268 69,220 70, 132 69,885 68,644 9,332 9,464 9,555 9,586 9,678 9,713 9,625 9,661 9,718 9,955 9,937 9,949 28 3,060 3,073 3,066 3,150 3,140 3,169 3,158 3,216 665 560 586 583 574 582 578 568 543 531 542 544 29 2,024 1,952 1,934 1,923 1,981 1,974 2,013 2,017 646 543 549 567 562 586 608 599 557 545 539 541 30 174 157 154 184 174 155 174 174 6 6 6 7 6 5 6 8 7 5 6 6 31 23,630 18,803 19,268 22,773 25,303 24,459 22,084 21,374 374 408 453 469 418 392 371 413 451 471 426 369 32 724 709 692 673 ■679 693 712 737 23 24 25 26 27 25 24 24 23 24 21 22 33 17 19 16 19 18 21 21 17 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 34 52 47 53 54 52 48 47 48 91 90 89 91 91 89 88 92 91 91 79 74 35 6 12 9 7 7 8 9 13 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 36 1,667 1,683 1,631 1,698 1,645 1,658 1,539 1,532 27 30 35 33 36 36 40 40 34 34 32 32 37 28,663 27,514 25,764 25, 120 26,714 28,557 29,060 29,555 1,269 1,272 1,204 1,208 1,203 1,174 1,119 1,069 1,069 1,198 1,225 1,270 38 453 433 432 442 445 430 464 469 3 4 2 2 2 6 9 9 8 10 9 8 39 45,364 44,316 43,820 43,959 45,320 46, 432 46,569 46,926 6,966 6,971 7,247 7,329 7,382 7,401 7,378 7,423 7,499 7,686 7,493 7,618 40 1,296 1,266 1,264 1,292 1,370 1,408 1,386 1,357 149 160 160 175 160 159 161 152 166 166 161 149 4t 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 11 1 12 1 12 1 12 1 13 1 12 i 1 11 4? 79 94 87 ,74 75 92 92 81 43 24,909 24,356 24,008 23,936 24,325 24,740 24,594 24,462 3,706 3,758 3,773 3,684 3,750 3,535 3,764 3,775 3,844 3,827 3,753 3,747 44 31,230 30,672 30,613 31,137 32,298 33,590 34,408 34,060 6,995 7,041 7,102 7,061 6,917 6,872 7,036 7,338 7,465 7,646 7,762 7,621 45 32 MANUFACTURES. Table 3.— UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES Group 3 — IRON AND STEEl, AND THEIR PRODIICXS. United States. Number of estab- lish- ments. Cash registers and calculating machines Cutlery and edge tools Files - Firearms Foundry and machine shop products I Gas machines and meters Hardware Hardware, saddlery Horseshoes Iron and steel, blast furnaces. 14,239 32, 254 62 30 8,993 445 82 Total. Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in rolling mills or steel works. Iron and steel, doors and shutters Iron and steel forgings Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails, not made in rolling mills or steel works. Iron and steel pipe, wrought Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. Locomotives Ordnance and ordnance stores Pens, steel Safes and vaults Saws Scales and balances Screws, machine; .' Screws, wood Sewing machines and attachments Springs, steel, car and carriage Steam fittings and teating apparatus . . . Stencils and brands Stoves and furnaces, not including gas and oil stoves. Stoves, gas and oil Structural ironwork Tin and teme plate Tools, not elsewhere specified Typewriter's and supplies Vault lights and ventilators Wire Wirework, including wire rope and cable. 24 138 76 27 416 6 31 83 85 26 7 46 62 176 103 415 79 775 36 684 24 25 649 $2,331,498,157 7,587,972 20,809,821 5,866,256 10,376,264 845,024,825 5,601,167 52,884,078 4,319,151 1,227,457 236,146,629 18,912,646 1,119,642 28,246,474 8,741,916 13,062,606 700,182,310 38,421,048 3,278,190 575, 788 7,326,133 11,287,816 8,512,993 4,133,141 6,969,446 26,695,294 4,016,463 28,541,509 683,367 62,971.105 9,981,711 76,598,507 10,813,239 22,919,371 16,641,892 240,809 14,898,817 26,893,614 Land. Buildings. S184, 164, 139 326,636 1,394,601 438, 789 544,641 70,481, ■"' 159,600 2,884,747 327, 470 27,000 17,310,397 1,641,489 45,000 2,182,432 719,597 888,715 59,852,769 2,764,106 123,680 35,000 270,278 751,937 431,337 148,670 176,850 895,242 332,619 1,749,579 47,500 4,662,680 1,057,219 6,249,357 310,000 1,984,088 498,413 23,613 938,289 1,488,811 8387,608,917 Machinery, tools, and implements. $696,567,672 730,628 3,632,318 1,119,825 1,533,508 127,346,207 616,474 7,926,932 663,969 62, 193 66,611,341 3,162,690 82,436 2,804,131 1,601,383 2,061,863 116,074,703 6,620,703 494,320 63,000 946,427 1,364,675 1,200,498 646,683 823,688 2,865,466 730,468 4,773,958 92,800 8,770,443 1,707,265 9,531,191 1,859,927 3,400,900 1,646,272 17,243 1,833,278 3,312,212 1,233,865 6, 132, 768 1,988,139 3,108,924 217,404,740 675,871 16,997,921 813,634 167,292 67,804,248 6,868,830 210, 165 6,574,276 3,014,603 3,822,829 279,642,942 6,843,037 1,516,487 146,536 2,176,189 1,775,374 2,105,162 1,593,361 2,773,310 6,657,809 1,081,639 6,947,165 302,281 7,263,690 3,339,942 15,190,897 2,912,946 6,962,652 3,192,887 • 69,487 4,570,793 6,795,911 Cash and sun- dries. 81,063,267,529 Oronp 4 — I,UinBER AND ITS KEOTANUFACTUKES. United States Artificial limbs Baskets, and rattan and willow ware. . . Billiard tables and materials Boxes, cigar Boxes, wooden packing Charcoal Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers' goods. Cooperage Cork, cutting Furniture Lasts ■ . Looking-glass and picture frames Lumber and timber products Lumber, planing mill products, including sash, doors, and blinds. Matches Pulp goods Pumps, not including steam pumps Refrigerators Rules, ivory and wood Sewing machine cjist'.'^ Show cases Wood carpet Wood preserving Wood, turned and f;],rv('il Woodenwa.re, not plscwhcrc specified. . . . 32,726 104 486 48 297 1,023 74 239 1,517 60 2,482 55 442 19,127 5,009 23 17 115 111 13 8 ■| 14l[ 20 21- 1,097 202 81,013,827,138 442,266 3,600,243 1,617, .562 4,457,452 39,543,096 717,118 18,631,844 29,532,614 4,009,031 162,7121,732 2,008,653 7,633,863 517,224,128 177,146,734 6,334,035 3,197,832 3,230,038 6,273,193 253,496 5,887,643 3,143,094 330,514 2,934,935 16,842,528 7,223,604 865,136,874 16,670 300,660 52,050 232,824 4,278,^98 56,617 1,339,787 3,394,984 320,700 9,733,475 164,730 390,298 21,867,3.53 18,605,104 245,869 72,r)00 266, 197 .506,548 11,9.50 285,212' 223,992 2S,3II() 153,533; l,431,2.Xli' 1,1.56,737 8124,595,210 9,050 711,562 93, 115 630,993 5,215,974 83,9.50 3,088,632 4,451,966 960,206 26,338,085 308,879 841,467 49,731,664 22,818,174 1,563,112 456,110 572,631 1,210,384 48,650 1,808,788 486,447 17,620 177,367 2,752,550 1,217,836 8253,635,767 126,836 899,120 175,035 1,069,094 8,438,036 404,531 2,287,895 4,227,499 686,323 25,367,870 511,610 1,102,224 164,261,218 31,187,214 1,782,644 552,411 631,494 805,936 64,225 864,744 602,555 52,7i;3 1,392,973 4,493,037 1,748,681 5,296,843 10,650,1341 2,319,603 6, 189, 191 429,793,589 4,249,212 26,074,478 2,514,078 980,972 84,419,543 7,239,537 781,942 17,685,636 3,406,333 6,279,199 245,711,896 22,293,203 1,143,803 331,262 3,935,239 7,395,830 4,776,006 1,744,437 2,195," ~ 17,286,777 1,871,737 15,070,817 240, ' — 32,274,392 3,877,285 46,627,062 6,730,366 10,581,731 11,305,320 130,666 7,656,457 15,296,680 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 12,720 8670,460,287 289,710 1,688,901 1,297,352 2,524,641 21, 610, .588 172,020 11,816,530 17,458,166 2,041,803 92,273,302 1,023,434 5,299,874 281,363,893 104,535,242 1,742,510 2,116,811 1,769,716 3,750,326 128,671 2,928,899 1,930,100 231,831 1,211,062 8,165,665 3,100,350 31 243 66 29 1,326 394 68 6 189 19 133 71 15 4 5 31 75 74 25 7 42 4' 148 40 351 63 646 20 496 62 10 25 Total horse- power. 3,800,649 6,479 35,418 5,769 17,020 596,446 1,833 37, .526 3,772 1,014 825,749 15,996 987 17,701 11,298 1,896,759 41,599 985 294 5,545 9,821 3,417 3,766 3 727 13,744 6,421 12,220 392 31,394 4,586 83,966 9,231 23,763 6,447 181 27,219 21,399 29,110 2,250,110 39 187 22 263 94C 200 563 29 2,037 61 173 18,203 4,876 22 16 70 22: 985' 175| 6,278 631 5,644 87,256 355 14,244 39,920 2,821 168,488 2,886 4,691 1,504,693 314,340 3,769 2,619 2,Hli!) G,2H5 31X 7,8;fS 4,133 473 3,404 47,896' 18,185 GENEEAL TABLES. 33 AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. Group 3 IKON ANB STEEl. ANB THEIR PKODXJCTS. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEBKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNERS. Aggregate. Officers ol corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 11,831 82,112 $100,444,686 10,243 327,031,785 71,869 $73,412,901 62,861 $68,950,640 9,008 84,462,261 1,051,119 672, 121 1 10 228 .65 14 7,992 923 906 109 339 38,458 1,108,859 1,068,009 169, 589 608,340 47,039,343 59 202 33 60 6,768 351,590 406,698 75,604 170,068 13,989,130 864 704 76 289 32,690 757,269 661,311 93,985 338, 272 33,050,213 593 525 59 237 28,462 647, 180 . 583,414 86, 494 300, 609 30,966,922 271 179 17 52 4,238 110,089 77,897 7,491 37,663 2,083,291 4,911 16, 242 3,487 7,301 426,148 3,566 12,172 2,990 4,610 274,497 2 3 4 6 6 65 333 95 1 26 345 2,617 239 40 2,231 370,899 3,089,806 279, 490 ,53,8.89' 2,890,897 50 372 28 12 249 92,789 1,009,248 62, 200 23,842 683,704 295 2,246 211 28 1,982 278, 110 2,080,658 217,290 30,047 2,207,193 244 1,807 181 25 1,922 254, 167 1,879,104 203,327 29, 144 2,177,422 61 438 30 3 60 23,943 201,454 13,963 903 29,771 3,078 36,612 • 3,783 343 47,361 2,290 27,743 2,965 148 27,206 7 8 9 10 11 49 632 912,220 123 385,045 509 627, 175 424 483,127 85 44,048 9,278 6,616 12 19 77 60 93 605 406 117,407 824,032 454,130 22 140 52 55,397 345,501 114,480 71 466 354 62,010 478,531 339, 650 53 406 302 52,622 445,629 312,686 18 59 52 9,388 32,902 26,964 863 7,127 4,197 443 4,683 3,178 13 14 15 11 296 368.607 28 92,045 268 276,562 239 264,653 29 12,009 7,050 2,643 16 64 14,330 17,860,495 711 2,931,254 13,619 14,929,241 12,648 14,361,600 971 567,741 256,135 157,316 17 9 1,164 31 72 415 1,675,289 46,413 60,487 723,097 27 4 6 61 227,734 12,400 16,900 199,966 1,137 27 66 364 1,447,555 34,013 ,44,687 523, 131 1,121 24 48 296 1,439,063 31,709 36,883 489, 496 16 3 18 69 8,492 2,304 7,704 33,636 33,329 317 754 3,766 18,997 248 612 3,237 18 19 1 15 20 21 75 77 15 1 16 576 431 209 158 764 623,309 476, 627 244,417 193, 605 972,055 51 64 30 17 53 138,592 164,612 71,945 61,300 193,447 625 367 179 141 711 484,717 312,015 172,472 132,205 778,608 432 274 146 97 538 443,079 269, 621 155,710 111,923 694,086 93 93 33 44 173 41,638 42,394 16,762 20,282 84,522 5,020 3,681 2,145 1,848 13,530 4,284 2,546 1,779 1,214 11,433 22 23 24 25 26 28 95 116 233 270 1,491 54 3,206 353,077 1,867,617 42,056 4,031,908 51 206 6 622 116,230 615,992 5,085 1,316,640 219 1,286 48 2,684 236,847 1,241,625 36,971 2,715,268 197 1,070 33 2,353 225,720 1,126,045 31,141 2,551,011 22 215 15 331 11,127 116,580 5,830 164,257 3,006 14,487 603 35,388 1,945 9,032 483 22,426 27 28 29 30 73 652 1 599 376 5,16« 284 1,083 467, 190 5,799,916 309,554 1,264,693 60 586 21 203 125, 404 1,484,811 67,450 423,403 316 4,680 263 880 341,786 4,315,105 242, 104 841,190 268 4,267 232 688 319,866 4,155,765 232, 788 753,476 48 313 31 192 21,921 159,350 9,316 87,714 4,938 45,718 6,161 13,603 2,402 24,421 3,741 10,033 31 32 33 34 29 28 7 652 1,248 28 581 1,936 1,246,129 30,860 793,250 2,117,325 74 3' 273 200, 130 10, 120 152,412 639,617 1,174 23 547 1,663 1,045,999 20, 740 640,838 1,477,708 861 17 507 1,276 897,968 17,936 615,772 1,303,704 313 6 40 387 148,041 2,804 25,066 174,004 7,252 293 5,873 16,691 6,306 183 3,648 11,186 35 36 37 38 Group 4.— IiTJJHJBER AND ITS KEMANIJFACXURES. 38,306 46,655 $48,671,861 7,631 $13,742,684 37,924 $34,829,177 33,755 $32,853,076 4,169 $1,976,101 1,047,442 639,945 1 110 525 52 384 1,071 115 236 116 370 1,812 87,970 202,602 150,546 332,895 1,912,169 20 46 18 49 347 22,982 69,005 56, 124 80,976 621,317 95 190 98 321 1,465 64,988 133,697 94, 422 251,919 1,290,852 63 163 70 256 1,269 50, 649 123,426 85, 862 222, 189 1,192,942 32 27 28 66 196 14,339 10, 172 8,560 29,730 97,910 376 7, .501 1,012 7,066 39, 221 319 4,122 736 6,649 26, 495 2 3 4 6 6 77 168 26 1,161 22,346 1,344,690 3 187 3,400 363,713 22 974 18,946 980,977 21 835 18,766 908,051 1 139 180 72,926 1,511 9,250 777 7,728 7 8 1,648 49 2,194 1,210 136 8,309 1,391,802 197,612 9,131,367 241 18 1,589 609,652 51,302 3,007,327 969 118 6,720 882, 150 146,310 6,124,0,30 864 92 5,516 822,636 133,761 5,551,456 115 26 1,204 69,514 12,549 672, ,574 28,402 3,416 128,649 16,565 2,429 92,514 9 10 11 59 467 24,054 6,618 186 984 18,485 9,745 223,249 954,591 19,873,092 9,960,230 24 136 2,477 1,936 63,999 287, 484 4,686,160 3,051,003 162 . 848 16,008 7,809 169,250 667,107 15,187,942 6,909,227 136 620 ,15,269 6,832 156,920 659,273 14,800,217 6,474,991 26 228 749 977 12,330 107,834 387,726 434,236 1,450 8,408 640,369 121,421 959 6,054 367,276 77,949 12 13 14 15 7 176 178,340 26 43,059 150 135,281 130 122,682 20 12,699 3,579 2,773 16 7 113 92 13 3 56 204 333 15 160 83,150 215,376 392, 732 15,230 180,084 15 52 56 7 6 48,350 83,813 114,742 9,300 11,900 41 152 277 8 155 34,800 131,663 277,980 5,930 168,184 25 126 236 5 152 28,781 120,884 259,746 4,500 166,716 16 26 41 3 3 6,019 10,679 18,234 1,430 1,468 862 1,676 6,093 164 4,938 663 1,254 2,457 77 3,904 17 18 19 20 21 135 22 7 1,226 205 306 50 116 924 327 329,786 45,016 168,227 829,071 369,708 70 6 20 214 69 101,530 8,520 51,660 275,613 130,763 235 44 95 710 268 228, 256 36,496 106,567 553,458 228,945 179 40 86 691 200 202,429 34,580 100, 683 506, 863 205, 184 56 4 10 119 58 25,827 1,916 5,884 47,605 23,761 3,623 597 1,198 19,488 8,283 2,571 239 354 12,605 5,577 22 23 24 25 26 MPG— PT 1 07 3 34 MANUFACTURES. Table 3.— UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES Croup 3 — IRON AND STEEL, AND THEIR PRODUCTS— Continued. IND0STBT. United States Casii registers and calculating machines. . Cutlery and edge toots Files Firearms Foundry and machine shop products Gas machines and meters Hardware * Hardware, saddlery Horseshoes I ron and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in rolling mills or steel works. Iron and steel, doors and shutters Iron and steel forgings Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails, not made in rolling mills or steel works. Iron and steel pipe, wrought Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. Locomotives Ordnance and ordnance stores Pens, steel Safes and vaults Saws Scales and balances Screws, machine Screws, wood Sewing machines and attachments Springs, steel, car and carriage Steam fittings and heating apparatus Stencils and brands Stoves and furnaces, not including gas and oil stoves. Stoves, gas and oil Structural ironwork Tin and terne plate Tools, not elsewhere specified Typewriters and supplies Vault lights and ventilators Wire Wirework, including wire rope and cable. . WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Average number. 857,298 4,079 14, 545 3,276 6,224 348,380 2,674 31,713 3,395 232 35,078 8,090 5,666 3,681 24,806 289 663 3,488 4,650 3,133 1,965 1,488 12, 671 2,476 11, 690 530 29,728 3,676 34,276 4,847 11,643 Wages. $482, 357, 503 2, 442, 001 7,076,018 1,514,412 3, 722, 850 196, 247, 431 1,532,247 14,580,5891 1, 623, 890, 126, 629 18,934,513 3, 642, 268 407, 390 3, 428, 190 1,684,077 2, 472, 721 122,491,993 15, 798, 432 186, 993 204,778 2, 162, 246 2, 707, 423 1,754,789 941,859 .556, 330 7, 464, 325 1,242,553 6,681,678 285, 458 17, 823, 434 1,946,489 19, 760, 210 2, 383, 070 6,048,587 6, 232 3, 468, 784 222 154, .134' 4, 737 2, 8.58, 743: 13,379: 6,099,869 Men 16 years and ■over. Aver- num- ber. 830,274 3, 13,039 2,687 6,126 343,062 2,531 26,690 2,965 216 34,993 6,921 5,618 2,777 5,356 204,290 24, 719 288 68 3,469 4,264 3,077 1,1 2,452 11,488 469 29, 441 3,588 34,146 4,212 10, 977 5,682 222 4,613 10, 769 Wages. 5475,046,540 2, 293, 659 6, 675, 571 1,366,958 3,691,868 194, 783, 342 1,497,927 13,270,443 1,510,380 121,""" 18,916,382 3, 348, 197 405, 890 3,419,562 1,428,591 2, 464, 628 121,615,828 15, 782, 1 186, 473 28, 978 2, 157, 290 2,633,051 1,735,187 908, 316 406,099 7, 303, 208 1,236,943 6, 523, 323 269, 668 17,771,724 1,920,879 19,721,787 2, 193, 062 5,874,995 3,284,901 154, 334 2, 793, 209: 5, 361, 2361 Women 16 years and over. num- ber. 18, 510 415 1,156 348 62 3,244 140 3,728 372 13 4 767 19 1,451 1 553 103 33 76 617 495 13 118 33 22 33 579 485 198 2,136 Wages. S5, 486, 638 147, 366 332, 696 108, 186 24, 650 999, 953 33,602 1,043,266 101,057 4,550 954 207, 738 . 1, 500 441,013 520 166, 316 24, 037 14, 139 20, 776 138, 867 149,07 4,500 36, 120 10,947 7,793 17,871 11,. 576 179,917 129,094 170, 172 58, 077 654, 562 Children, under 10 years. Aver- num- ber. 8,514 6 350 241 1,295 58 3 81 402 42 1,821 87 52 19 283 23 81 65 28 265 40 97 56 181 Wages. SI, 824, 325 26 475 976 67, 852 39, 268 6, 332| 464, 136 718l 266,8801 12,463 413 17, 177 86, 333 1,500 8,628 15,241 • 6, 693 435, 152 15, 447 9, 4S4 4,956 49,735 5,463 12, 767 12, 364 12,038 2,110 23, 136 4,843 43,917 7,739 26, 847 10,091 44, 498 7,711 7, 4.57 94,071 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. $166, 896, 687 2, 903, 1,881,776 408, 638 1, 128, 677, 70, 235, 452 657, 635 5,045,210 525,416 127, 332 9,788,139 970, 370 144,064 1, 141, 120 703, 586, 261 37, 373, 831 2, 416, 363 61, 666 53,011 801, 389 1,023,943 968, 550 236, 505 264, 091 1, 406, 667 393, 257 2, 728, 067 91,329 6, 790, 676 966, 259 6,629,616 389, 873 2,350,263 1,546,421 48, 884 1, 394, 278 2, 834, 634 Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. $6,449,796 $8,533,398 24, 461 49, 819! 17, 701 7,149 3, 665, 570 62, 873, 218,013 24, 358 2,476 242, 415 28, 416 16, 621 38,652 20, 684 519, 722 780' 4,862 1,347 31, 381 46, 677 66, 892 14,901 2,000 21,916 35, 996 107, 073 47,305 187,027 45, 127 394, 644 2,615 124, 518 55,928 11,619 13, 050 253, 281 37, 126 97, 568 15, 364 59, 353 3, 467, 447 16, 739 236,006 24, 984 1,224 742, 221 78, 247 6,672 81,358 51,918 32, 678 2,096,368 151,864 4,247 2,131 19, 836 36, 759 31,839 26, 735 29, 146 99,701 26, 732 101,062 3,600 266, 469 28, 267 117, 477 39, 973 295 49, 627 128, 185 Group 4 — L,UlnBER AND ITS REMANUFACTURES— Continued. United States. Artificial limbs Baskets, and rattan and willow ware. Billiard tables and materials Boxes, cigar Boxes, wooden packing Charcoal Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers' goods. Cooperage Cork, cutting Furniture Lasts Looking-glass and picture frames Lumber and timber products Lumber, planing mill products, including sash, doors, and blinds. Matches Pulp goods Pumps, not including steam pumps , Refrigerators Rules, ivory and wood Sewing machine cases 735, 945 $336, 058, 173, 708, 357 $329, 097, 119 Show cases Wood carpet Wood preserving Wood, turned and carved Woodenware, not elsewhere specified . 342 5,106 796 6,282 30,329 923 8,468 21, 149 2,895 110, 133 1,208 6, 625 404, 626; 97,674 221,913 1,730,932 500,907i 2, 120, 468 12,171,104' I 342, 874 4,119,8111 9, 485, 455 888, 240 49, 883, 235 797,714 3, 314, 7,35 183,021,519 50, 713, 607 3,185' 1,100,890 696 1,404; 4,0.32 149j 4, 450, 3,082 373 737 14, 687 6,594 283, 658 718,941; 1,905,114 54, 800 2,028,9.33 1,681,071 268, 886 314,664 6,031,148 2, 357, 494 321 3,828 776 2,793 26, 858 917 6,947 20,771 1,296 104,206 f, 194' i, 9,50 215, 211 1, 470, 236 490, 609 1,241,171 11,411,079 342, .599 3, 664, 269 9, 400, 111 573, 235 48, 495, 634 794, 332 3, 106, 297 401,209, 182,318,197 95, 967; 50, 360, 735 1, 764; 687! 1,391 3, 933 90, 4,109 3,016 .369' 731: 13,977 5,361 758, 758 261, 486 716.7151 1, 880. 357, 45, 048 1,950,172 1,665,146 267,911 313,; 5, 870, 480 2,077,633 16, 673 14 1,072 16 3,149 1,671 84,351,748 1,456 1, 3501 3, 166' 2 479 911 432 30 2; 5, 301 228, 630 3, 507 821, 677 436, 469 10,915 $2,009,306 $130,850,824 $4,744,361 41,069 281,14.5 879.977 9SS 166, 309 236,9(1.5 121,730 .304, 010 18,018 810 3,648 9, 380 0, 450 9, 930 002, 424' 106, 001 980' 224, 088, I 200 4 3401 6 66 280 249: 2,762, 12 196 2, .506 1,275 173 19 9 91 2 .320 36' 2, 6 286 263 1,401 32,066 79l[ 57, 720 323, 556 275 12, 366 44, 275 33, 860 507, 624 2, 394' 42, 129 466, .327 231,142 37,616 3, 554 1,410 21, 109! 426; 72,311 5,996 313 966' 54, 607; 55, 173 198, 173 379,722! 247,113' 460,644 3, 353, 788 ! 110,482! 2,502,316:! 2, 385, 236 508, 180 I 16,719,082 328, 457 1,972,163 83, 136, 280' 13, 654, 313 422, 704 91,017 310, 142 840, 003 73, 854 302,091;! 494,0.50' 61, 205 232, 033 1,346,844 718,412 52, 468 45, 869 60, 834 112,506 353, 749 554 126, 869 151,273 29, 732 1,401,452 49, 082 376, 955 447, 902 1, 140, 706 3,511 11,826 IS, 726 .30, 821 2,651 10, 000 87, 220 24,811 28, 010 152, 110 28,725 $7,642,935 2,403 18, 386 6,642 17,439 200, 878 7,790 94, 233 182, 475 18, 811 739, 167 11,911 35, 286 5, 008, 238 997, 556 15, 341 4,1 14,835 38,971 1,050 31,657 19, 705 498 11,494 85,364 77,909 GENERAL TABLES. 35 AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. Group 3.-IKON AND STEEL AND THEIR PRODCCTS-Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES — cont'd. Eent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. 2,791,180 1.725,100 365,499 1,018,681 58,939,375 441,590 4,352,099 407, 339 120, 132 8, 795, 632 798, 297 117, 565 986, 478 627,880 .507,679 34, 642, 178 2.262,720 42,557 44. 533 723, 671 938, 577 865,059 194, 827 232,945 1,243,666 2, 405, 143 30, 132 6,067,005 809,570 4,909,662 358,991 1,920,023 1,443,830 32,343 1,327,289 2, 423, 344 $145, 230, 884, .56. 682, 509 50,320 9,289 10.074 43. 494 .163.060 36. 433 239,093 68, 735 3,500: 7,87i; 65,410! 4,306: 34,732 3,366 3, 577 115,563 999' 5,000 26,501: 2,030| 14,760| 42 41,384 2,136 114,789 10.292 270. 175 65, 270! 1,036,620 188, 235, 6,1 4,627 4,312 29,824 COST OP MATERIALS USED. Aggregate. .?1, 179, 981, 458 1,515,980 6.028.166 1,310,978 1,738,012 278,074,203 2,612,907 16,631.214 1,830,108 255, 742 178,941,918 7,807,239 601,^54 5, 7.52. 315 4,686,349 12, 746, 619 441,204,432 27,702,930 131,612 103, 005 3,211,336 4,035,530 1,633,150 960, 627 731,542 8, 107, 366 2,741,764 10,425,332 171,787 18,483,865 3, 786, 763 47, 452, 31,375,714 7,249,567 1,870,261 160, 604' 30,062,4871 17,856,211 Principal materials. $1,036,211,005 1,388,015 5, 276, 650 1,135,046 1, 462, 704 2,56, 478, 297 2,526,594 15,031,453 1.622,320 228, 884 113,883,026 7,132,353 561, 712 4,882,308 4,429,366 11,906,262 .399,109,306 26,197, 111,001 86, 829 3,055,998 3, 746, 503 1,531,044 827,099 644, 672 7,786,040 2,486,213 9,957,301 160,880 17,289,406 3, 634, .508; 45,382.9661 31,185,1731 6,518,702; 1,695,343 156, 403; 29,351,373! 17,352,749, Purcliased in raw state. $112,590,165 122,629 6,000 892, 432 176, 736 200 20, 637 15,559 364 2,716,777 60 '733 42,020 "so?; 775 23,000 15,. 531 Purcliased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). .59,850' 6.50! 159, 5031 $923,620,850 1,388,015 5, 1.52. 921 1, 135, 046 1,456,704 255, 585, 865 2, 526, 594 14,854,717 1,622,120 228, 884 5,853,327 7, 132, 353 541,075 4,866,749 4,429,001 11,906,262 396, 392, 528 26, 197, 608 111,001 86, 829 3,065,938 3, 746, 603 1,530,311 827, 099 644, 672 7,786,040 2,486,213 9,915,281 160, 880 16,981,631 3,611,508 45,367,435 31,185,173 6,458,862 1,694,693 156, 403 29,351,373 17,193,246 Fuel. $120, 307, 432 98, 386 436, 363 118, 110 127, 090 12, 792, 566 45, 802 811,023 156,915 20, 290 62,885,747 361, 140 14,271 728, 669 152, 220 611,187 35,192,961 1, 305, 473 14, 099 6,148 65, 091 169, 686 56, 172 47,968 43, 063 217,536^ 203,819 305, 4391 5,1 800, 297 44,183 1,005.182 159, 786 428, 437 Rent of power and heat. $2, 372, 986 8,486 26, 933 4,135 12,823 1,374,237 6,111 114,129 8,397 1,850 2,442 16, 464 4, 14,812 18, 781 193, 705 57, 372 3,600 308 21,689 28, 664 14, 383 19, 429 Mill sup- plies. $13, 628, 603 16,600! 243, 678, 48, 298! 6,079 3,968 44,519 3,369 43, 440 12,013 166, 326 80, 689 1,820 555, 752, 248,314 51,961 17,911 1,695 6,646 70,357 168, 322^ 53, 324! 408, 104, 162 76, 516 Freight. $7,461,432 4,493 46, 662 5,389 3,050,291 4,378,812 13,604 416, 984 18, 719 4,029 1,476,067 20,796 257, 625 23, 757 689 694,636 233,394 73,888 5,676 85, 171 65,369 15,596 41,355 30,624 215, 284 11,422 6, 182, 266 526, 195 142, 477 2,912 8,561 24,314 i,i.59 44, 244 66,043 15, 334 42, 149 37,944 41,937 24,634 16,217 13,982 6,863 65,774 36,360 71, 125 815 80,387 11,414 46,948 875 270,335 71,534 371, 430 .30. 755 24,526 536, 166 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. 82, 145 23,094 2781 44,6541, 108,276' $2, 176, 739, 726 9,875,099 18,614,929 4,391,745 8, 276, 660 686,901,388 6,630,976 46,770,171 4, 820, 726 798, 981 231,822,707 14, 687, 108 1,477,235 12,110,395 8, 922, 896 17,400,912 673,965,026 59, 552, 092 557, 903 473, 847 7,861,069 9,819,787 6,002,638 2,711,600 2, 133, 844 20,869,870 6,740,836 24,910,857 793,421 54, 409, 108 12 7,723,697 31 90,944,697 32 35,283.360! 33 20,407,372 34 10,640,49s' 35 484,468: 36 37,914,419 37 33,038,496 38 Group -1.— LUMBER ANB ITS REMANnFACTlIRES^Continiicd. $80,529, 154| $37,934,374 $518,908,160 142,129 258, 372 178, 957, '330, 394i 2, 693, 462 63,845; 2,251,909; 1, 834, 592 449, 483' 13,773,064; 258, 464 1,516,401 42,723,202 10, 320, 210 387, 452 74, 895 255, 188 767, 471 22,112 160, 7.38 382,069 35, 7.56 186,646 1,037,192 535, 161 1,173 57,095 10, 680 305 205, 709 .38, 293 29,. 305 216, 896' 10, 154 805,399. 9,000 43,621 34,966,938 1,195,842 16,400 21,393 7,400 48,041 99, 696 5,666 200 6,483 72, 178 76,617 8492,817,105; $87,966,611 136, 645 1,803,290 936, 608 3.809,961 33,47.S.991 641.778 9,501,267 31,092,679 2, 4.59, 197 73,619,914 707,712 4.975,121 183. 786, 210 I 143,137,662' 3, 284. 855' 719.101 1,192,754 3,271,767 55,113 2,593,141 2, 374, 097 360, 937 2, 462, 860 8,578,415 3,878,015 120,076 1,720,702'| 891,370 3, 061,. 339 ?2. 019. 271 514,643' 9, 182, 622 6,134 929, 452 5,700 294,516 1.221,861 500. 721 26, 323 30,084,421 2, 403, 578 70, 695, 572 1,168,592 2,307,358 734, 449 689, 103 4,827,287 169.912,489 138,177,282 i,585 76,909,937 876, 42! 3,219,978 77, 228 644,860 1,120,704 3, 156, 556 43, 710 2,462,441 27, 2.33 31,136 09, 070 7,030 195,813 2,264,787 331,906 2,345,063 8,114,127 3, 708, 223 119,415 2,337,978 1,117,069 8404,851,564 122,942 797, 310; 885, 676 3,366,823 31,397,410 13,922 9,156,299 28,915,829 96, 220 69.861,123 689, 103 4,825,762 94,0u2,662 137,300,861 3, 142, 750 617, 617 1,089,668 3,086,886, 36, 680 2, 266, 62g 2,254,787 331,905 2,225,648 5,776,149! 2,591,164' 84, 375, 724 1,531 25, 500 7,593 59,092 166,418 70, 683 138,285 259, 923 34,178 1,513,676 29,933 59, 188 189,923 1,273,475 27, 289 40,600 24, 2.59 47,' 3,866 109,501 44, 447 2,123 99,737 108, 433 38,572; ,730 4,714 4,487 4,232 25,961 73,207 19,149 16, 262 6,840 216,389 18,210 29, 345 25, 764 335,015 5,058 5, ,352 7,770 175 600 19,678 5,852 420 52, 062 6, 188, $13,663,449; $7,270,082 574' 11.865, 6,612: 12, 7.53! 202, 3Si; 48,090 102, 159 6,032 439, 191 16,187 17,978 11,659,571 887, 657 9,902 18, 428 5,167 18,047 4,892 19, 948 16, 418 1,032 9,863 112,697 35,239 81,223,730,336 750' 34, 676 27,796 50,816 417,714 54, 686 113,121 629,914' 8, 569 856,086 14, 279 41,. '23 2,098,463, 2, 464, 233! 27, 686| 10,225' 37, 272 41,896 2,470 651 38. 767' 10,025' 7,777, 191,096 89, 793 883, 731 5, 187, 263 2,222,922 7, 786, 286 .57,047,743 1,291,754 20,266,110 49, 424, 394 4,490,962 170, 446, 825 2,519,771 13,269,645 680, 022, 690 247,441,966 6, 646, 741 1,467,407 2, 8.52, 623 7, 347, 936 248, 906 5, 272, 547 5,721,724 801,266 3,368,480 20, 169, 173 8, .531, 492 36 MANUFACTUEES. 12 Table 3.— UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES Gronp 3.— IKON ANO STEEL, AND THEIR PKOBUCTS— Continued. INDUSTRY. United States. Cash registers and calculating machines.. Cutlery and edge tools Files Firearms Foundry and machine shop products. Gas machines and meters Hardware Hardware, saddlery , H orseshoes Iron and steel, blast furnaces. Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in rolling mills or steel works. Iron and steel, doors and shutters Iron and steel forgings Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails, not made in rolling mills or steel works. Iron and steel pipe, wrought AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS EMPLOYED DURING EACH MONTH. Men 16 years and over. Janu- ary. 807,388 827,615 3,490 13,112 2,664 5,963 341,763 2,577 26, 676 2,922 248 32,846 6,830 3,838 13, 231 2,689 6,073 342, 788 2, 26; 989 2,917 234 35,319 7,115 Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. Locomotives Ordnance and ordnance stores Pens, steel Safes and vaults Saws Scales and balances Screws, machine Screws, wood Sewing machines and attachments. Springs, steel, car and carriage Steam fittings and heating apparatus — Stencils and brands Stoves and furnaces, not including gas and oil stoves. Stoves, gas and oil Structural ironwork Tin and terne plate Tools, not elsewhere specified . ' 623 5,628 2,835 4, 553 187, 948 29, 401 310 67 3,466 4,252 2,963 1,824 1,074 12,314 2,509 10, 645 481 26, 674 Typewriters and supplies Vault lights and ventilators Wiie Wirework, including wire rope and cable. 3,321 33, 232 3,715 11, 108 5,706 225 4,247 10, 397 Febru- ary. 630 6,590 2, 4,919 201,809 28,214 303 57 3,529 4,345 3,021 1,802 1,045 12,276 2,550 10, 343 477 27,159 3,782 32,628 3,997 11,169 5,758 212 4,518 10,821 March. 846, 394 861,633 3,609 13, 441 2,709 5, 347, 433 2,612 27,331 2,965 169 36,762 3,776 13, 424 2,707 6,204 349, 565 2,559 26,984 3,006 176 37,002 7,308 633 5,660 2,817 5,084 211,829 26, 233 307 57 3,571 4,344 3,067 1,864 958 12,247 2,621 10, 691 474 28, 702 4,074 32, 505 4,216 11,279 5,722 202 4,938 11,246 April. 848, 704 3,877 13, 448 2,718 6, 212 346, 980 2,566 26, 649 3,020 164 37,084 7,240 666 5,713 2,793 6,034 216, 337 24,166 300 60 3,610 4,287 3,108 1,879 969 12, 293 2,578 10, 654 478 29, 303 4,160 32,743 4,279 11,461 5,681 217 4,831 11,344 831,090 3,901 13,377 2,674 6,189 341,967 2,546 26. 229 2,956 162 35,070 7,164 676 6,635 2,790 5, 630 216,923 22, 486 307 60 3,646 4,252 3,109 1,830 947 12,314 2,564 11,036 479 29,355 3,893 33,681 4, 645 11,267 6,701 218 4,652 10,973 June. 716 5,417 2,677 3,906 12, 636 2,656 6,285 338,043 2,451 25,538 2,891 166 33,130 727 6,187 2,692 5,806 208,966 21, 461 289 57 3,616 4,264 3,094 1,774 929 12, 185 2,472 11,267 465 28, 907 3,777 34, 099 4,737 11,080 5,767 215 4,383 10,665 July. 812, 572 3,158 12, 670 2,663 6,359 339, 161 2, 483 26,205 2,901 147 32,791 6,824 690 6,313 2,662 6,638 187, 476 26, 490 289 68 3,460 4,208 3,034 1,'" 11,312 2, .300 11,354 467 28,125 3,226 35,078 4,647 10, 604 5,606 209 4,042 10,382 Au- gust. 820, 586 3,910 12, 695 2,590 6,297 340, 423 2,502 26, 320 2,908 219 33, 333 6,522 679 5,657 2.809 5,683 193, 050 25, 704 283 66 3,444 4,252 3,1 1,756 828 11,823 2,160 11,772 449 30, 445 3, 35, 512 4,379 10: 5,489 213 4,083 Sep- tem- ber. 83'2, 031 5,531 197, 246 24,' ■ 266 68 3,422 4,222 3,003 1,775 816 11,980 2,226 12, 206 462 31,403 3,450 35, 930 3, 10, 678 5,659 216 4,490 10,398 10,631 Octo- ber. 836, 267 3,584 12, 829 2,713 6,137 341, 863 2,519 26, 803 2,975 303 33, 892 6,643 756 5,716 2,865 5,346 205, 441 22, 829 250 61 3,389 4,293 3,156 1,788 803 12,034 2,376 12, .593 472 32, 263 3,465 35,967 3,947 10, 770 6,709 234 4,5)1 10,738 No- vem- ber. 846, 619 3,472 12,888 2,735 6,051 342,708 2,494 27, 154 3,038 317 35, 203 6,603 745 5,957 2,875 3, 12, 917 2,736 5 ' 344^070 2,469 27,402 3,082 318 37,484 6,758 728 6,144 2,756 5,461 208,931 21,918 273 59 3,348 4,259 3,181 1,793 806 12, 172 2,622 12, 697 468 31,913 3,308 34,916 3,653 10,916 5,734 252 4, 10,838 De- cem- ber. 6,675 216, 624 23, 263 289 56 3,338 4,200 3,169 1,823 798 12, 346 2,56: 12, 600 466 30, 143 3,321 33, 665 4,636 10,923 6, 863, 251 1 4,852 10, 895 Women 16 years and over. Janu- ary. 18, 664 419 1,1 340 63 3,310 134 3,697 362 16 4 766 22 1,530 681 100 29 67 44 29 541 527 612 177 2,085 Febru- ary, 18,731 396 1,078 363 61 3,237 136 3,693 367 16 4 764 22 1,632 March. 18,747 383 1,110 348 63 3,296 138 3,739 363 16 4 834 871 22 1,432 100 33; 751 666, 501 12 96 37 19 44 30 689 524 637 183 2,153 108 33 78 605 494 12 102 36 18 47 35 617 466 517 189 2,197 April. 18, 623 422 1,103 349 63 3,261 139 3,760 4 821 861 23 1,433 573 101 36 70 539 12 104 32 17 46 35 672 470 523 190 2,215 Group 4.~L,UMBER AND ITS KEMANUFACXtlRES— Continued. United States 673,651683,486 701,111 Artificial limbs Baskets, and rattan and willow ware . Billiard tables and materials Boxes, cigar Boxes, wooden packing Charcoal Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers' goods. Cooperage Cork, cutting Furniture Lasts Looking-glass and picture frames Lumber and timber products Lumber, planing mill products, includ- ing sash, doors, and blinds. Matches Pulp goods Pumps, not including steam pumps. Refrigerators Rules, ivory and wood Sewing machine cases Show eases W ood carpet Wood preserving Wood, turned and carved Woodenware, not elsewhere specified 321 3,056 791 2,799 24,714 852 6,964 19,243 1,197 101,240 1,223 6.635 384,133 86, 843 1,739 592 1,393 4,147 102 4,443 2,794 305 659 14,115 5,461 321 3,253 808 2,773 26,008 852 6,979 19,745 1,277 103, 473 1.226 6,613 389, 667 86, 647 1,739 593 1,407 4,328 96 4,142 2,905 330 724 14,231 5,460 709,009 727,394 321 3,490 772 2,751 26, 511 1,024 7,045 20, 592 1,301 105, 363 1,224 5,935 397,800 90,074 1,814 589 1, 4,566 98 4,131 3, 368 650 14, 452 5,754 322 4,003 763 2,762 27,271 974 7,066 20,745 1,346 105, 464 1,199 5,778 399,873 94, 642 1,823 1,464 4,643 103 4,066 3,099 441 651 14,193 5,726 722,910 325 4,298 748 2,758 27,970 918 7,016 20, 699 1,392 104,318 1,148 5,438 415, 935 98, 030 1,823 576 1,606 4,589 91 3,791 3,079 461 700 14,089 5,697 701,043 707,284 723,450 325 4,607 724 2, 677 28.222 6,988 20, 780 1,324 101,428 1,128 5,423 413, 194 99,862 1,769 599 1,475 4,321 88 3,768 3, 026 400 693 13,710 5,499 317 4,408 7.53 2,710 27,247 960 6,703 20,383 1,398 98, 696 1,137 5,941 397, 685 99,934 1,598 689 1,401 3,370 98 3,863 2,976 352 800 13,243 5,181 316 4,286 758 2,760 26,987 941 6,764 21,063 1,337 102, 503 1,182 6,043 398, 668 100, 618 1,683 5.54 1,413 2, ,58, 91 4,069 3,033 356 798 13,381 5,206 734,434 724,207 691,705 323 4,090 817 2,826 27,299 934 21, 260 1,285 106, 982 1,173 6,242 18, 486 101,680 1,716 672 1,402 3,004 94 4,032 3,120 379 784 13,846 5,218 324 3,877 834 2,878 27,804 877 21,923 1,238 107,790 1,178 6,609 415,315 101, 426 1,803 585 1,366 3,736 102 4,219 3,133 351 824 14,079 5,216 321 3,479 792 2,913 26,939 21,767 1,205 108, 537 1,236 6,746 408, 634 98, 617 1,8 689 1,218 3,895 91 4,381 3,067 359 840 14,171 4,784 15,726 316 3,189 762 2,910 26, 324 840 7,021 21,082 1,252 105, 678 1,275 6,097 386,219 94, 442 1,834 605 1,199 4,012 98 4,403 2,932 331 649 14,215 6,020 13 740 16 3,132 1,468 1,462 69 1,293 3,040 2 375 853 479 1,229 74 414 960 16, 202 13 811 16 3,138 1,546 69 1,348 3,140 2 437 871 494 1,272 75 31 S 46 20 28 2 16, 697 17,039 13 908 14 3,168 1,681 1,497 1, 3,160 2 452 907 515 30 428 1,040 13 1,070 14 3,117 1,854 1,483 81 1,430 3,211 2 460 919 505 1,247 418 1,010 GENERAL TABLES. 37 AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. Uroup 3.— IKON AND STEEL AND THEIR PUODUCTS— Continued. AVERAGE NUMBER OF "WAGE-EAIINEIIS EMPLOYED DURING EACH MONTII- -continued. Women 16 years and over— Continued. Child ren under 16 years. May. 1 June. July. Au- gust. Septem- October. Novem- ber. Decem- ber. Janu- ary. Febru- ary. March. April. May. S, 665 June. July. Au- gust. Sep- tem- ber. Octo- ber. No- vem- ber. De- cem- ber. 18,489 18,3121 17,853 17,863 18,243 18,688 18,871 19,036 8,121 8,382 8,469 8, lai 8,657 8,267 8,477 8,440 8,6^6 8,661 8,763 1 431 434 439 365 433 434 441 393 6 6 4 5 6 5 6 5 6 4 4 6 •?, 1,121 1,117 1,069 1,166 1,20J 1,244 1,270 1,304 320 330 337 343 360 .363 330 369 367 372 367 362 ,S 347 351 350 349 324 354 357 354 238 240 236 237 235 237 241 247 242 244 247 248 4 49 62 67 67 65 63 62 59 37 37 30 31 33 31 31 41 36 41 41 ti fl 3,226 3,178 3,146 3,113 3,156 3,306 3,332 3,369 2,012 2,049 2,073 2,117 2,090 2,073 2,027 2,052 2,046 2,085 2,107 2,167 6 140 140 135 139 138 147 146 149 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 7 3, B82 3,669 3,029 3,689 3,734 3,786 3,802 3,866 1,297 1,315 1,344 1,329 1, 333 1,310 1,246 1,255 1,256 1,272 1,283 1,300 8 365 364 362 374 379 389 382 396 53 53 65 58 68 56 61) 64 68 61 60 60 9 8 8 8 8 17 17 17 17 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 6 6 5 4 10 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 76 76 90 90 91 84 84 79 73 76 76 78 11 SOfl 708 720 751 783 771 777 729 359 387 410 428 431 436 420 409 378 374 376 416 12 10 40 67 9 48 69 8 64 71 10 63 72 11 62 72 8 57 68 10 40 68 11 39 69 11 40 67 9 42 67 12 42 72 11 47 66 13 14 857 800 776 764 794 817 828 860 15 23 23 23 14 14 14 14 14 46 46 35 43 49 63 46 43 44 29 36 35 16 1,426 1,460 1,373 1,368 1,398 1,398 1,472 1,690 1,741 1,796 1,793 1,875 1,880 1,878 1,677 1,752 1,781 1,877 1,896 1,907 17 85 93 97 89 78 78 84 87 90 89 87 87 18 2 566 2 543 2 528 2 508 1 535 1 568 1 674 1 604 19 49 49 ■ 61 57 61 60 53 52 50 54 56 42 20 19 289 22 293 18 288 20 288 19 281 21 283 20 276 20 279 15 280 19 278 16 278 19 283 ''1 106 103 101 106 100 102 107 102 22 36 36 34 33 35 32 3a 28 26 25 24 19 19 19 19 24 25 26 26 26 23 69 73 75 75 74 81 86 89 86 81 74 86 96 91 66 88 85 76 76 69 24 532 526 476 447 426 425 441 449 70 71 67 64 64 62 63 63 62 66 63 66 26 489 497 466 489 497 499 608 516 77 74 63 59 63 74 49 64 73 70 75 75 26 12 12 12 12 15 15 15 16 9 10 10 12 10 11 12 10 12 11 13 12 27 HE 127 122 117 116 136 155 1.38 61 68 70 72 72 89 99 107 91 87 94 98 2S 32 .32 28 30 35 32 31 32 28 29 29 30 29 29 27 27 27 27 27 27 29 17 22 22 22 28 30 30 24 220 256 270 266 263 255 271 277 277 284 282 260 30 45 48 49 50 52 51 52 49 36 39 . 42 41 44 42 37 43 41 39 38 38 31 3^ 37 35 31 36 36 31 28 82 87 86 88 93 96 97 101 109 118 107 100 32 626 69S 670 618 497 49( 466 564 36 48 56 68 69 64 61 66 53 65 51 56 33 475 472 464 456 483 493 493 498 160 168 174 186 196 190 181 171 177 184 187 199 34 518 513 489 499 503 611 526 521 .37 38 33 33 35 34 34 35 34 37 40 42 35 36 188 197 197 207 204 203 214 227 19 21 22 29 29 33 30 30 29 24 23 23 ,37 2,151 2,056 1,983 2,000 2,169 2,245 2,208 2, 1.58 427 446 450 449 460 462 497 494 498 511 607 609 38 Group 4.— L.UMBER AND ITS REMANUFACTURES—Continued. 17,346 17, 324 16, 596 16,399 16,887 16,927 16,588 16,345 10,038 10,246 10,681 11,086 11,214 11,446 11,328 11,442 11,277 11,020 10,736 10,467 1 15 14 15 14 15 14 15 14 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 2 1,261 1,39J 1,365 1,29S 1,266 1,107 892 763 120 137 146 209 233 269 300 276 260 209 169 146 3 U U 16 16 IS 16 IS 18 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3,08; 3,034 3,040 3,10t 3,181 3,246 3,280 3,270 342 336 328 326 334 330 343 339 344 350 351 359 6 1,967 2,004 1,801 1,616 1,639 1,680 1,449 1,458 1,610 1,717 1,761 1,867 1,954 2,017 1,894 1,808 1,762 1,744 1,736 1,730 6 10 64 10 64 8 68 6 69 4 66 4 63 3 62 3 65 4 65 3 65 8 65 10 65 7 1,474 1,466 i,393 1,395 1,424 1,442 1,480 1,499 8 86 105 114 137 160 102 88 76 243 238 269 316 306 289 297 298 287 288 274 266 9 1,42£ 1,400 1,39a 1,307 1,364 1,297 1,282 1,297 237 244 265 271 279 266 259 243 236 233 236 230 10 3,196 3,0.53 3,0u3 3,073 3,238 3,330 3,343 3,193 2,058 2,681 2,764 2,768 2,708 2,725 2,714 2,867 2,852 2,866 2,792 2,769 11 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 10 11 10 12 14 11 11 16 16 11 12 12 12 458 475 481 609 639 663 532 467 166 173 196 197 157 206 200 216 226 233 220 162 13 986 957 985 936 905 947 849 817 2,165 2,219 2,419 2,522 2,679 2,747 2,695 2,760 2,707 2,623 2,381 2,265 14 478 430 311 326 354 401 430 461 1,117 1,151 1,192 1,256 1,2.37 1,260 1,366 1,374 1,363 1,360 1,332 1,293 15 1,280 1,298 1,089 1,077 1,170 1,309 1,347 1,376 192 189 192 189 191 181 133 149 150 166 167 177 16 63 85 98 79 103 103 • 116 121 18 19 21 17 15 17 20 20 20 21 21 19 17 3 3 5 5 6 5 5 6 7 8 7 10 9 10 9 8 11 10 10 9 18 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 98 98 94 99 97 94 86 80 82 87 87 90 19 65 40 50 65 56 64 56 56 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 20 21 22 22 22 22 22 21 22 353 334 332 326 321 302 303 307 306 306 319 331 21 32 32 32 32 32 30 28 27 32 .34 36 36 37 41 41 42 36 34 32 31 22 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 23 8 290 8 279 5 287 6 278 4 283 6 301 6 296 6 310 6 278 6 278 7 277 5 276 •M 419 416 406 417 440 452 435 415 25 1,023 1,080 966 966 966 894 911 977 282 280 286 303 271 292 276 253 253 213 226 221 26 38 MANUFACTURES. Table 3.— UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES Group 5.— LiEATHER AND ITS FINISHED PRODUCTS. INDirsTET. United States Belting and liose, leather 3oot and shoe cut stock Boot and shoe findings Boot and shoe uppers Boots and shoes Gloves and mittens, leather Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried, and' finished Poeketbooks Saddlery and harness Number of estab- lish- ments. 4,945 117 290 214 75 1,3)6 339 423 1,049 46 1,076 Total. 5440,777,194 10, 785, 245 9,850,007 4, 144, 505 281,096 122,526,093 10, 705, 599 8,508,111 242, 584, 254 2, 127, S24 29, 264, 460 814,943,818 247, 582 227,654 100, 840 .36,090 2,572,107 243, 233 288, 529 9,842,911 66,800 1,316,072 Buildings. 850,044,963 546, 160 458, 439 255, 414 37, 800 8,690,331 741,891 693, 697 35, 684, 642 200, 228 2,736,361 Machinery, tools, and implements. 859,413,165 1,058,967 861,194 867,822 35,926 18,964,510 1, 161, 444 32,889,457 194, 582 2,509,457 Cash and sun- dries. 8316,375,248 8,932,636 8,302,720 2,920,429 171,280 92, 299, 146 8, 848, 669 6, 364, 441 164,167,244 1,666,214 22, 702, 670 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 3,438 229 161 17 1,116 227 206 909 16 482 Total horse- power. 218,855 3,629 4,845 3,173 67 62, 587 2,761 3,847 129,975 367 7,704 Group 6.— PAPER AND PRINTING. United States Bags, paper Bookbinding and blank book making... Boxes, fancy and paper Card cutting and designing Cardboard, not made in paper mills Engraving and diesinking Engraving, steel, including plate printing Engraving, wood Envelopes Labels and tags Lithographing and engraving Paper and wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere specified Paper patterns Photolithographing and photoengraving Printing and publishing, book and job . . . Printing and publishing, music Printing and publishing, newspapers and periodicals. Printing materials Stereotyping and electrotyping Wall paper 796 60 4 305 215 114 72 67 248 761 232 26 223 8,244 145 18,038 77 146 44 8798, 758, 312 11,441,383 16,904,883 22,690,766 488,129 1,651,210 1,210,673 5,402,716 184, 897 7,495,912 2,117,654 25,537,781 277, 444, 471 18, 198, 221 2, 236, 860 4,070,813 142,015,638 3,487,017 239,518,524 1,008,889 3,297,546 12, 354, 329 861,078,685 1,, 527, 277 536,701 1,088,864 9,400 123,829 22.025 761,700 276, 120 76, 717 627,921 34,234,934 784, 312 107, 526 42,600 3,970,274 222, 425 16,248,962 26, 100 57, 000 334, 998 8111,988,032 1,641,203 1 , 334, 957 2,409,769 12,000 348,000 48, 150 814, 440 1,046,186 202,202 1,778.962 62,898,; 2,777,827 323, 171 141,355 8,318,264 151,800 26,119,122 71,700 63,000 1, 487, 334 8310, 630, 426 4,563,146 6. 100, 144 7, ,552, 336 238, 294 495, 271 616,091 1,715,817 52, 104 2,721,536 963,214 10,812,111 103,872,408 5,082,873 293,840 1,713,911 64,282,083 492, 042 93,599,264 386, 175 1, 753, 467 3,325,299 8315,061,169 3,709,767 8,934,081 11,639,797 228, 4.35 684, 110 526, 407 2, 110, 759 132, 793 3,452,070 875,521 12, 318, 787 76,438,539 9, 553, 209 1,. 512, 323 2,172,947 66,445,017 2,620,7.50 103,551,176 524,914 1,424,079 7,206,698 18, 472 60 559 661 35 147 82 12 66 57 197 761 187 3 193 6,074 20 9,129 56 136 43 1,367,482 3,069 6,095 16,036 222 1,188 1,032 1,606 45 2,262 920 10,790 1,122,564 15, 173 38 1,940 61,036 203 104, 402 624 3,008 5,329 GENERAL TABLES. 39 AND GROUPS OP INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. Uroup 5.— LKATHER AND ITS FINISHED PRODUCTS. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. 6,503 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEEK3, ETC. WAGE-EABNEKS. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. General superintendents, managers. clerks, etc Greatest number employed at any One time dur- ing the year. lyeast number employed at any one time dur- ing tbe year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 17,233 $18,372,722 1,737 54,333,516 15,496 $14, 039, 206 11,932 $12,408,549 3,564 $1,630,657 302,557 210,953 1 94 362 253 89 1,424 427 499 1,112 62 1,181 614 417 276 14 8,811 640 912 3,261 157 2,141 787, 319 432, 387 263,062 9,774 8,706,682 584,573 883,426 4,451,906 234,446 2,019,147 87 39 38 3 683 51 77 460 13 286 220,608 84,505 55, 501 3,700 1,723,773 115,350 147,484 1,467,920 50,800 463,875 627 378 238 11 8,128 589 835 2,791 144 1,855 666,711 347,882 207,561 6,074 6,982,909 469, 223 735,942 2,983,986 183,646 1,555,272 437 298 165 11 5,613 424 646 2,551 132 1,655 518,031 310,336 173,033 6,074 5,850,363 395,794 662,819 2,862,897 176, 244 1,462,958 90 80 73 48,680 37,. 546 34,528 2,355 7,388 5,340 270 174,660 13,805 9,999 68,464 2,628 17,668 1,820 4,788 3,362 189 125,001 8,426 6,029 46,740 1,866 12,733 2 3 4 5 2,615 166 189 240 12 200 1,132,646 73,429 83, 123 121,089 7,402 92,314 6 7 8 9 10 H Group 6 PAPER. AND PRINTING. 30,835 80,009 $81,808,311 6,947 $16,658,221 73,062 $65,150,090 55,967 $57,127,908 17,105 $8,022,182 416,616 305,847 1 53 999 786 72 3 360 1,647 2,326 66 60 405,056 1,790, .501 2,313,309 51,826 103,673 ,39 222 373 9 5 119, 108 544,927 676,583 9,400 38,000 321 1,425 1,963 67 55 285,948 1,245,674 1,636,726 42,426 65,673 242 1,070 1,391 38 38 253,062 1,054,060 1,377,912 33, 175 54,597 79 355 562 19 17 32,886 191,524 258,814 9,251 11,076 2,912 23,377 41,904 792 632 2,033 14,912 27,614 595 637 2 3 4 5 6 352 229 129 44 176 385 38 529 159,788 553,600 42,204 583,502 33 68 4 44 47,300 213,066 14,800 123, 170 142 317 34 485 112,488 340, 535 27,404 460, 332 101 212 340 93,693 286,598 22,722 384,947 41 105 11 145 18,795 54,937 4,682 75,385 1,877 4,080 427 4,812 1,401 3,218 284 3,954 7 8 9 10 65 182 309 189 197 1,591 3,778 1,145 257,758 2,367,615 6,097,032 1,305,876 28 260 719 137 94,710 835,309 2,183,376 366, 736 169 1,331 3,059 1,008 163,048 1,532,306 3,913,656 939, 140 134 1,055 2,666 786 146, 100 1,377,900 3,705,951 838,447 35 276 394 223 16,948 164,406 207,705 100,693 1,673 14, 166 75,634 11,406 1,180 10,508 56, 106 8,464 11 12 13 14 15 227 8,766 148 693 968 15,449 739 489,919 933,617 15,399,727 609,144 16 140 1,903 39 97,262 279, 360 3,989,370 84,222 677 828 13,546 700 392,657 6,54,267 11,410,357 424,922 284 629 9,740 406 240,435 573, 431 9,622,510 300,986 393 199 3,806 294 152, 222 80,826 1,787,847 123,936 1,370 4,580 106,675 688 922 3,403 75,011 524 15 16 17 18 18,050 48,782 47,128,711 2,729 6,497,263 46,053 40,631,448 36,049 35,955,926 10,004 4,675,522 111,480 89,785 19 70 132 15 94 490 497 106,786 516,876 691,792 18 82 79 41,745 162,704 239,812 76 408 418 65,041 354, 172 451,980 68 336 361 56,557 321,826 428,083 18 72 57 8,484 32,346 23,897 412 2,966 4,852 322 2,563 2,522 20 21 22 40 MANUFACTURES. Table 3.— UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES Group 5.— liEATHER AND ITS FINISHED PKODUCTS— Continued. United States Belting and liose, leatlier Boot and shoe cut stoolc Boot and shoe findings Boot and shoe uppers Boots and shoes Gloves and mittens, leatlier Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Pocketbooks Saddlery and harness WAGE-EABNEES AND WAGES. Total. Average number. 255,368 2,092 5 1 — 4,' 206 228 149,924 10, 645 7,785 57,239 2,281 15,032 Wages. 1116,694,140 1,164,648 2,364,209 1,545,175 102, 702 69,059,680 3,840,253 3, 137, 125 27,049,152 796, 985 7,634,311 Men 16 years and over. Aver- age num- ber. 182, 126 Wages. 892,982,256 1,140,992 1,872,245 1,067,326 76, 588 50, 394, 644 2,005,890 2,348,073 26,321,552 499, 751 7,255,195 Women 16 years and over. Aver- age num- ber. 65, 843 66 1,706 1,679 67 49,535 6,245 2,626 1,814 997 1,108 Wages. $22,288,280 Children under 16 years. Aver- num- ber. 7,3j9 226 323 908 76 375 $1,423,604 2,105 40, 159 24,263 384 983,273 38,375 48,084 202,569 16,854 67,538 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. $40,737,343 1,507,693 1,461,724 12, 498, 601 238.987 3,074,414 Rent of works. $2,801,918 143,929 160,966 81,489 14,052 1,147,769 84,021 285, 246 358, 822 23,902 601,732 Taxes, not including internal revenue. $1,387,341 30,786 31,982 21,011 1,738 425,826 22, 330 24, 164 670, 441 5,036 154,027 Group 6 PAPEK AND PKINTING— Continued. United States Bags, paper Bookbinding and blank book making Boxes, fancy and paper Card cutting and designing Cardboard, not made in paper mills Engraving and diesinking Engraving, steel, including plate printing Engraving, wood Envelopes Labels and tags Lithographing and engraving Paper and wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere specified Paper patterns Photolithographing and photoengraving. Printing and publishing, book and job... Printing and publishing, music Printing and publishing, newspapers and periodicals. Printing materials Stereotyping and electrotyping Wall paper $185,547,791 2,473 17,713 32,082 696 586 1,573 3,r" 338 4,298 1,348 12,614 65,964 9,842 1,082 3,876 87,746 577 96,868 357 2,679 3,913 930, 171 7,886,945 10,207,827 261,023 234, 490 1,032,232 2,227,850 245, 032 1,629,511 609, 439 8, 198, 676 32,019,212 3, 712, 537 444, 659 2,916,073 48,720,854 540, 176 59,830,768 239,036 1.993,067 1,868,213 260, 376 $156,888,361 1,285 8,784 9,575 375 324 1,415 2,203 321 1,183 872 10,375 56,827 239 3,341 65,293 455 76,817 338 2,586 3,148 594,012 5, 195, 474 4,614,229 177,044 178, 298 984,668 1,7,33,967 239,772 676,944 499, 422 7, 685, 484 29,462,799 2,399,745 170,504 2,753.521 41,538,035 295,714 53,919,941 233, 441 1,967,202 1,668,245 90, 580 1,120 8,379 20,627 297 174 104 1,296 10 2,961 419 2,007 8,882 4,982 822 451 19,975 111 17,528 14 $27,046,380 9,260 .322,694 68 2,581,553 550 5,293,697 1,980 78,561 24 39,684 88 37,024 54 478,861 81 4,026 7 924,097 164 103,390 57 566,263 232 2,499,688 255 1,269,368 240 270,273 21 146,354 84 6,712,753 2.478 42,629 11 6,612,061 2,523 4,696 6 18,890 36 140,029 303 $1,613,050 13, 466 109,918 299,901 5,428 16,508 10, 640 15, 022 1,234 28, 470 6,627 46,929 66,825 43,424 16, 198 470,066 1,833 398, 766 1,000 6,975 59,939 $138, 245, 437 484,027 2,824,481 3,114,468 96, 306 108, 687 224,288 501,557 87,656 1,062,967 294, 628 3, 348, 560 16,440,041 2, 546, 332 892,769 874,648 33.116.809 1,715,363 67,638,099 195, 266 577,869 2,102,816 $12,442,941 62, 145 709,765 807,758 34, 188 800 104, 687 138, 009 27,746 123,580 57, 481 629, 586 198, 136 197,154 35,961 206, 1.32 4,411,030 50,745 4,415,912 45,609 182, 232 104,286 $3, 566, 446 24, 521 51,685 94, 318 745 4,636 2,915 24,580 666 33, 610 6,100 90,612 1,383,981 76,910 8,719 11, 172 474, 325 11,375 1,215,764 2,467 11,677 35,969 GENERAL TABLES. 41 AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. Group 5.— IiEAXHER AND ITS FIIVISHED PRODtlCTS— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Continued. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products. In- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Rent of po.wer and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). $33,501,469 $3,046,615 $471,112,921 $463,537,864 $159,474,130 $304,063,734 $3,219,043 $720,041 3672,322 $2,963,061 ■5705,747,470 1 1,071,621 706,366 292,091 11,935 16,248,069 1,007,619 1,051,569 10,588,070 188.049 2,a36,080 16,958 5,636 80, 430 1,400 1,471,980 393,723 90,745 881,168 22,000 82,575 9,317,206 21,586.872 6,047,366 290,454 197,363,495 10,000,889 9,626,614 191,179,073 1,926,723 23,774,239 9,165,408 21,388,318 5,935,512 285,645 194,648,962 9,870,748 9,496,880 187,534,500 1,914,596 23,307,296 188,938 8,966,470 21.388,318 6, 855, 610 285, 645 194,648,962 9,870,748 9,374,399 28,738,813 1,819,010 23,116,759 104,714 37,510 29,835 880 799,982 44,293 46, 465 2,056,075 4,587 95,312 17, 421 40,727 30,786 1,647 410,992 27,018 35,906 58,610 3,760 93, 176 13, 464 7,588 7,943 165 291,243 7,531 17,812 281,613 2,015 42,948 26, 199 112,729 43,280 2,117 1,212,316 61,299 29,662 1,248,275 1,766 236, 609 14,220,300 27,675,815 9,355,020 549,867 320, 107, 468 2 3 79,902 4 6 17,740,386 7 122,481 158,795,687 95,586 191,536 17,666,346 252,620,986 3,767,446 42,054,842 8 9 10 11 Ciroup 6.— PAPEK AND PKINXING— Continued. $92,937,993 396,413 1,902,296 2,196,719 44,073 103, 161 94,939 309,399 24,218 896,737 229,723 2, 402, 566 14,739,522 2,248,765 797,890 580,136 16,908,198 830,328 45,787,342 136, 617 347, 198 1,961,773 $29,298,057 948 160,735 15, 673 16, 300 21,747 29,569 35, 127 9,140 1,224 326,806 118,403 23,603 50,199 77,208 11,322,266 822,915 16,219,081 10, 673 36,862 788 $308,269,656 6,594,976 9,139,J37 16,685,826 477,609 926,964 376, 409 1,653,618 60,283 5,974,948 957,028 8,349,823 111,251,478 12, 743, 659 337,022 1,303,147 52,575,110 541,220 70,358,000 372,480 1,032,063 6, 658, 165 $282,140,257 6,488,036 8,864,136 16,069,264 466,850 896,994 337,481 1,502,843 57,822 6,894.795 916, 087 8,045,526 94,031,708 12,259,302 333, 320 1,197,469 50,122,854 528,959 66, 390, 173 354,412 905, 566 6,476.660 $25,403,882 500 17,000 310 25,235,239 108,010 612 'ii'shi $266,736,375 8,863,636 16,052,264 466,850 896,994 337,021 1,502,843 57,512 5,894,795 916,087 8,046,626 68, 796, 469 12,151,292 333,320 1,197,469 60,122,854 528,959 66, 390, 173 363,900 906, 666 6,434,809 $16,136,648 38, 737 66,080 242,006 2,916 13,766 7,744 14,379 248 26,815 12, 491 92, 804 13, 178, 567 233, 165 116 13,759 557,913 1,082 1,462,931 6,288 34,032 130,819 $3,692,997 44, 280 138, 628 141,247 4,984 975 26, 458 24, 057 1,900 33, 886 18,037 128,378 70, 169 47,468 2,260 83, 376 .1,335,645 8,760 1,492,937 8,491 66, 734 16,277 $3, 503, 631 12,956 29, 018 101,214 1,537 970 3,071 6,075 280 6,994 3,528 60,062 2,526,960 52, 171 1,336 3,318 261,015 2,051 400, 780 1,393 8,666 30,246 $2,796,222 10, 967 42,075 132, 095 1,322 14,259 1,665 6,264 33 12, 468 6,825 33,053 1,444,084 151, 463 6.226 297; 683 368 1,896 18,155 5. 163 $857, 112, 256 1 10,086,863 25,223,650 36,866,589 1,083,278 1,664,303, 1,207,103 6,005,338 12,636,680 2,422,4871 7 6,943,080, 8 647,909 9 10,222,366 10 2,462,497 11 25,245,266 12 188,715,189 13 22,159,202, 14 2,265,126 15 7,268,262 16 182,611,720, 17 4,147,783 18 309,327,606, 19 42 MANUFACTURES. Table 3.— UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES Group 5.— LiEATHER AND ITS FINISHED PRODUCTS— Continued. INDUSTRY. United States Belting and hose, leather Boot and shoe cut stock Boot and shoe findings Boot and shoe uppers Boots and shoes , . . Gloves and mittens, leather Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried,. and finished... Poeketbooks Saddlery and harness AVERAGE NUMBER Or WAGE-EARNERS EMPLOYED DURING EACH MONTH. Men 16 years and over. Janu- ary. Febru- ary. 180,938183,507 2,069 4,010 2,431 146 95, 467 2,( 4,028 2, 446 151 96, 829 March. 185, 128 3,655 3,695 4,564 4,6.59 63,566| 54,4541 1,170, l,170l 13,854, 13,978' 2,1 4,077 2,481 15: 97, 623 3,794 4,1 65,016 1,171 14,112 April. May. 181,893 178,423 2,095 3,883 2,367 172 94, 892 3,852 4,690 54, 767 1,190 13,985 2,071 3,979 2,315 161 91,848 3,915 4,637 64, 571 1,191 13, 735 June. 178, 833 179,859,182,293 2,034 3,939 2,272 165 92, 383 4,188 4,480 64, 694 1,151 13, 627 July. Au- gust. 1,972; 1,943 3,930 4,007 2,29l| 2,371 158i 157 93,730. 95,673 4,459 4,656 4,393 4,681 64,89l| 64,998 1,043 1,091 12,992, 12,916 Sep- tem- ber. 183, 573 1,936 4,113 2,446 162 96, 069 4,561 6,063 54, 769 1,319 13, 156 Octo- ber. 183, 427 1,929 4,087 2,453 161 96, 874 4,520 6,343 64,378 1,341 13,341 No- vem- ber. 183, 164 1,894 4,031 2,452 162 96,363 4,503 5,476 63, 463 1,340 13, 470 De- cem- ber. 184, 484 2,030 4,030 2,494 156 96, 533 4,390 5,362 54, 647 1,319 13,523 Women 16 years and over. Janu- ary. 64,838 68 1,680 1,775 57 49, 466 6,582 2,430 1,719 953 1,118 Pebru ary. 65, 673 58 1,690 1,804 62 60,211 6,556 2,432 1,775 963 1,132 March. 66, 423 66 1,700 1,773 60 50,603 6,791 2,491 1,829 962 1,148 April. 65,279 72 1,718 1,726 67 49,383 5,876 2,477 1,823 1,002 1,136 Group 6.— PAPER AND PRINTING— Continued. United States 248, 259 247, 053 249, 214 248, 842 250, 492 247, 783 244, 842 245, 646 251, 502 Bags, paper Bookbinding and blank book making. Boxes, fancy and paper Card cutting and designing Cardboard, not made in paper mills,.. Engraving and diesinking Engraving, steel, including plate printing. Engraving, wood Envelopes .' , Labels and tags Lithographing and engraving Paper a^d wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere specified.. Paper patterns Photolithographing and photoengraving. Printing and publishing, hook and job Printing and publishing, music Printing and publishing, newspapers and periodicals. Printing materials Stereotyping and electrotyping "Wall paper 1,296 8,760 9,428 365 342 1,466 2,207 312 1,158 836 10, 407 54,754 4,467 226 3,247 65, 660 410 76, 658 335 2,572 3,363 1,216 8,635 9,407 372 343 1,465 2,186 320 1,140 841 10,232 54, 4, 226 3,: 65, 566 410 76, 465 333 2,544j 3,387 1,201 8,651 9,020 3S2 345 1,456 2,182 318 1,174 854 9,774 55,934 4,585 246 3,286 66,788 407 76,879 338 2, 6.59 3,235 1,184! 8, 7101 9,5731 387. 344 1,223 8,806 9,508 366 344 1,410 2,196 325 1,182 873 10, 221 68, 213 4,564 253 245 3,292: 3,333 65,5861 64,945 449 478 1,451 2,188 320 1,178 864 9,137 56,732 4,608 76, 546 343 2,578 3,119 76, 467 348 2,599 2,847 1,219 8,733 9,469 355 ■ 337 1,385 2,171 334 1,158 883 10, 491 57, 800 4,588 243 3,348 63,331 468 75, 960 341 2,553 2,616 1,252 8,586 9,421 354 311 1,327 2,119 322 1,163 902 10,635 57, 177 4,532 233 3,354 61,912 454 75,316 322 2,544 2,606 1,287 8,690 9,434 362 298 1,294 2,130 330 1,167 900 10,626 ■57,787 4,494 239 3,342 61,922 452 76, 428 324 2,534 2,606 1,345 8,818 9,668 387 302 1,326 2, 326 1,207 915 10,699 58, 150 248 3,342 64, 682 469 76, 696 324 2,601 3,121 256,733 267,606 256,528 1,384 8, 9,845 396 306 1,397 2,240 320 1,222 872 10,780 58, 502 4,781 242 3,384 67, 412 473 77,8 346 2,629 3,466 1,393 9,042 9,839 392 307 1,473 2,300 316 1,226 873 10,792 57,306 4,801 236 3,422 68, 274 490 78, 419 353 2,( 3,686 1,420 9,108 9,688 383 310 1,630 2,329 310 1,222 861 10, 706 55,386 4,838 231 3,453 68, 438 500 79, 102 349 2,639 3,735 921 89,431 1,146 8,491 19, 779 283 187 100 1,293 11 2,860 405 2,042 8,812 4,871 811 371 19,911 102 17, 847 15 63 531 1,058 8,241 19,939 284 185 103 1,312 11 2,885 409 2,018 8,869 4,818 360 19,678 102 17, 645 15 60 659 90,476 1,001 399 20,010 102 17, 693 15 50 627 17,535 15 60 487 GENERAL TABLES. AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. Gronp 5.— LiBATHElR. AND ITS FINISHED PRODUCTS— Continued. 43 AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNEES EMPLOYED DURING EACH MONTH —continued. Women 16 years and over- Continued. Children under 10 years. May. June. July. Au- gust. Septem- ber. October. 67, 535 Novem- ber. Decem- ber. 07,721 Janu- ary. Febru- ary. March. April. May. 7, l.W> June. 7,443 July. 7,7.54 Au- gust. Sep- tem- ber. Octo- ber. No- vem- ber. De- cem- ber. 63,725 63,769 64,609 66,0.5f.| 66,811 67,677 6,989 7,132 7,085 7,151 7,717 7,598 7,535 7,598 7,630 1 63 67 72 62! tiS 73 (iO 07 10 10 10 9 11| 13 11 9 14 18 16 13 2 1,748 1,70') 1,665 1,663 1,667 1,707 1,761 1,779 187 187 190 192 219' 222 233 236 238 235 248 253 3 1,64S 1,579 1,558 1,582 1,631 1,6.50 1,676 1,740 123 130 128 134 126 123 123 131 130 126 108 118 4 77 75 69 65 66 73 69 65 2 2 2 2 2, 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 S 47,872 47,948 48,466 49, 751 49,838 60, 130 50,219 50,527 4,892 4,983 4,899 4,950 4,966 5,224 6,464 6,386 6,244 6,192 5,197 5,188 6 5,885 6,108 (i, 585 6,767 0,815 6,812 6,702 6,461 196 199 206 206 213 225 249 262 250 236 233 237 7 2,482 2,44J 2, 425 2,455 2, 782 2,974 3,091 3,030 292 293 311 306 297i 297 306 302 348 361 386 377 8 1,82( 1,748 1,738 1,695 1,841 1,961 1,941 1,878 836 868 873 890 875' 896 921 954 934 916 961 982 9 1,006 99C 942 962 1,010 1,050 1,060 1,074 69 70 73 72 70 74 78 76 80 82 84 78 10 1,124 1,107 1,089 1,054 1,094 1,099 1,102 1,094 382 390 393 390 371 367 367 360 358 367 373 382 11 Group 6.— PAPEK AND PRINTING— Continued. 89,152 88,318 86,985 87,831 91,334 94,115 94,771 94,841 8,943 8,995 9,178 9,093 9,128 9,153 9,205 9,290 9,406 9,638 9,547 9,625 1 1,003 1,049 1,109 1,145 1,190 1,238 1,246 1,236 67 63 66 62 70 70 63 69 71 72 71 73 2 8,211 8,244 8,312 8,387 8,341 8,530 8,601 8,769 629 518 519 528 559 571 588 587 559 556 546 641 3 20,222 19,912 19,805 20,029 21,097 21,736 21,717 21, 365 1,866 1,874 1,957 1,937 1,951 1,965 1,968 1,970 2,027 2,105 2,089 2,061 4 302 275 280 279 ■ 307 328 324 301 ■23 23 24 22 21 24 25 25 26 25 26 26 .S 186 188 162 160 161 162 162 160 95 97 98 95 96 96 79 81 83 79 79 79 6 101 99 98 99 101 110 114 118 62 52 63 56 54 50 52 63 58 57 56 66 7 1,264 1,252 1,289 1,270 1,269 1,322 1,338 1,366 80 8C 79 78 83 82 77 77 80 84 84 88 8 10 10 10 10 IC 10 9 9 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 9 2,887 2,844 2,874 2,921 3,046 3,141 3,132 3,123 151 151 157 169 160 156 144 144 150 159 162 165 10 407 416 430 415 425 431 431 440 53 64 56 55 66 57 62 61 66 56 54 55 11 1,824 1,859 1,923 2,012 2,119 2,169 2,213 2,198 226 23g 234 232 235 236 233 222 228 235 234 230 12 9,039 9,115 8,713 8,734 8,888 8,951 8,824 8,821 231 232 256 238 262 260 267 250 277 271 263 263 13 5,013 4,956 4,779 4,737 5,007 5, 182 6,235 5,198 231 235 249 253 261 248 242 221 221 233 245 251 14 866 768 744 766 767 770 765 762 18 23 23 24 25 22 18 20 20 20 20 19 15 483 534 524 623 507 475 421 384 77 77 76 84 84 86 86 89 90 87 - 86 88 16 19, 632 19,39C 18,828 18,974 20,046 20,945 21,345 21,271 2,424 2,433 2,462 2,411 2,414 2,408 2,463 2,612 2,527 2,552 2,567 2,563 17 116 114 110 110 109 115 121 123 3 17 17 3 12 12 3 13 13 3 18 18 18 17,227 16,947 16,666 16,860 17,414 17,866 18, 117 18,639 2,462 2,465 2,492 2,496 2,508 2,637 2,563 2,571 2,546 2,646 2,539 2,652 19 16 16 13 13 12 13 13 13 4 4 4 6 6 6 4 4 6 6 6 4 20 62 5i 62 61 67 72 67 56 34 36 34 34 34 35 36 36 35 34 34 39 21 382 272 264 336 452 649 676 609 320 315 317 315 250 227 226 278 316 351 363 358 22 44 MANUFACTURES. Table 3.— UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES Group 7 — liiairORS AND BEVERAGES. INDUSTRT. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 6,381 8659,547,620 179,154,084 S174,162.659 3125,026,672 $281,204,305 4,333 369,609 Liquors, distilled. ? 805 1,631 435 141 3,469 50,101,362 516,636,792 17,775,240 47, 934, 204 28,100,022 3,563,392 62,711,332 1,082,330 8,512,622 3,284,408 11,220,280 139,606,940 2,969,181 16,329,070 4,031,188 11,445,529 95,250,812 2, 425, 601 6,241,630 10,603,000 23,866,161 218,067,708 11,298,128 17,850,882 10,121,426 622 1,441 249 136 1,885 43, 121 286,324 6,731 22,071 12,362 3 4 Liquors, vinous 5 Malt 6 Group 8.— CHEMlCAliS AM* AL,L,IED PRO»llCTS. United States ...- Axle grease Baking and yeast powders Blacking Bluing Bone, ivory, and lamp black Calcium lights Candles Chemicals Cleansing and polishing preparations. - . Drug grinding Druggists' preparations Dyestufls and extracts Explosives Fertilizers Gas, illuminating and heating Glue Grease and tallow Ink, printing Ink, writing Oil, castor Oil, cottonseed and cake Oil, essential Oil, lard Oil, linseed Oil, not elsewhere specified Paints Patent medicines and compounds Perfumery and cosmetics Petroleum, refining Salt Soap Starch Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids Turpentine and rosin Varnishes Wood distillation, not including turpen tine and rosin. 25 164 138 56 26 22 17 276 166 27 124 400 1,019 58 300 60 42 715 52 5 30 181 449 2,245 292 146 436 131 32 ,287 190 141 $1,504,728,610 608,201 13, 232, 639 3, 165, 475 569, 535 1,663,143 143,563 3,004,005 96,621,294 1,404,744 4,991,218 25, 162, 363 14,904,150 42,307,163 69,023,264 726,036,204 10,673,338 10,284,366 4,609,774 1,286,607 625,018 73, 770, 417 723,004 213,952 9, 849, 695 11,014,605 65,783,259 45,611,640 4,843,026 136,280,541 26, 686, 282 54,816,301 7,007,696 12,761,920 6,961,185 19,702,955 10,506,979 $125, i 1,943 103, 300 1,191,362 149, 125 47,075 179, 589 23, 450 277, 260 8,320,566 156, 567 289,000 1,326,519 1,364,646 2, 484, 354 4,813,130 69, 685, 664 966, 606 1,091,776 301,021 98, 368 20,000 4,352,919 74,035 26,200 802,349 636,063 6, 410, 389 2,414,176 126, 975 10,221,401 8,771,232 4, 699, 357 577, 640 1, 431, 440 183, 648 1,403,641 761, 402 $199, 136, 720 89, 731 1,630,204 397, 308 48, 247 658, 864 9,400 491,624 18, 228, 577 169, 769 1,083,979 2,315,604 1,853,818 6, 605, 693 11,366,004 85,929,463 1,680,657 2, 623, 335 627,033 129, 654 40, 000 16,091,808 140,755 35, 675 1,659,924 1,012,737 7,081,890 4, 655, .320 209,460 9, 389, 369 6,115,448 8,767,115 1,499,512 2,808,467 926, 360 2,661,344 1,311,702 $647, 519, 940 73,248 1,091,200 383, 797 37,801 474, 164 42,575 639, 880 31,911,537 154,983 1,134,038 2,932,188 3, 665, 327 8,358.003 9,023,201 449,220,223 1,922,591 2,713,682 725,067 134,017 214,327 32, 232, 588 157,014 49, 075 2,289,172 1,436,706 8, 533, 218 4, 325, 476 378, 584 53,223,807 5, 402, 772 9, 986, 331 2, 004, 124 4, 960, 647 1,743,778 1,649,786 4,394,964 $632,391,907 341,922 9,419,873 2, 225, 246 436, 412 450,536 68, 128 1,595,241 38,160,614 923, 435 2, 484, 201 18, 578, 052 8, 120, 460 24,859,113 43,820,929 130,299,954 6,103,584 3,855,574 2, 956, 653 924, 568 350, 691 22, 093, 102 351,200 103, 002 5,098,250 7,930,039 33, 757, 762 34,216,668 4,128,007 63, 445, 964 5, 296, 830 31,363,498 2, 926, 419 3,561,376 4, 107, 609 13,998,185 4,038,911 6,302 13 99 66 9 21 20 . 12 237 54 .27 132 79 123 350 755 53 191 57 11 4 714 34 1 29 113 402 518 84 94 116 327 127 30 182 107 112 722,893 210 3,318 1,925 284 1,090 132 1,181 140,372 888 3,277 7,877 18, 310 37,554 60, 986 75, 625 16,908 12, 373 4,234 274 600 152, 667 849 26 10, 538 5,252 42,148 10,617 940 49, 337 19,902 24,121 13, 799 5,541 1,175 4,030 4,634 GENERAL TABLES. 45 AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. Group 7.— L,I 6,269 43,620 1,247 2, .510 8,158 6,439 43,550 1,231 2,448 8,303 5,687 44,790 1,274 2,472 8,783 5,568 46,011 1,264 2,385 9,996 5,408 47,707 1,263 2,060 11,506 4,647 49,660 1,193 1,555 12, 670 4,022 61,057 1,233 1,288 13,154 4,167 50,710 1,435 1,216 12,961 4,717 48,997 3,379 1,394 11,809 5,219 47,438 4,066 2,217 10,027 5,322 45, 163 2,687 2,514 8,875 5,371 46, 129 1,530 2,565 8,412 240 664 40 2 134 270 667 41 2 143 244 696 43 2 164 241 s 665 /( Liquors, vinous. 66 5 Malt Mineral and soda waters 1 217 Group 8.— CHEMICALS AND AL.1.IED PRODUCTS— Continued. United States Axle grease Baking and yeast powders Blacking Bluing Bone, ivory, and lamp black Calcium lights Candles Chemicals Cleansing and polishing preparations Drug grinding Druggists' preparations Dyestufis and extracts Explosives Fertilizers Gas, illuminating and heating Glue Grease and tallow Ink, printing Ink, writing Oil, castor Oil, cottonseed and cake Oil, essential Oil, lard Oil, linseed Oil, not elsewhere specified Paints Patent medicines and compounds Perfumery and cosmetics Petroleum, refining Salt Soap Starch Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids Turpentine and rosin Varnishes Wood distillation, not including turpen- tine and rosin. 189,380191,124 95 1,068 665 99 177 37 652 18, 469 369 821 3,162 2,596 6,761 15,069 28, 752 2,751 3,485 689 185 31 24,931 1,58 43 1,689 1,217 8,226 6,007 623 16, 157 3,959 7, 1,216 2,298 27, 364 1,782 2,399 94 1,064 574 100 184 37 661 18,781 366 815 3,167 2,709 5,743 18,614 28, 073 2,748 3,494 686 186 62 22, 263 164 42 1,628 1,213 8,688 5,065 638 16,247 3,762 7,442 1,341 2,393 27,933 1,784 2,. 374 195,820 97 1,077 570 103 192 37 656 18,882 385 818 3,189 2,714 5,810 20,666 28,755 2,754 3,577 693 202 61 17,009 158 41 1, 1,379 9,026 5,128 653 16,798 3,968 7,594 1,289 2,636 33,112 1,792 2,381 189, 819 183, 582 181, 258 177, 689 107 1,229 562 113 191 37 624 18,831 423 798 3,221 2,778 5,835 16,908 30,879 2, .507 3,592 689 202 66 10,644 130 42 1,324 1,209 9,331 5,099 661 16,431 4,128 7,472 1,409 2,512 35,795 1,' 2,342 113 1.224 '563 109 183 39 697 18,819 402 776 3, 2,879 5,798 13,111 31,864 2,467 3,687 687 206 62 6,356 105 42 992 1,1S7 9,039 4,906 667 16,668 4,384 7,291 1,445 2,430 37,261 1,799 2,256 114 1,226 646 106 202 37 688 19,023 402 794 3,157 2,766 6,743 11,014 32, 256 2,181 3,653 692 203 6,104 87 44 1,307 9,0.36 4,776 17,118 4,551 7,' 1,444 2,426 37,605 1,773 2,164 112 1,223 541 107 190 37 483 18, 404 368 777 2,891 2,805 5,743 11,084 32, 407 2,103 210 43 4,228 88 44 1,0 1,273 8,587 4,682 670 16,920 4,697 7,309 1,392 2,239 36,661 1,751 2,062 110 1,247 670 110 194 37 469 18,281 366 802 3,061 2,898 6,677 12,230 31,635 2,082 3,694 697 214 12 136 43 1,145 1,244 8,599 4,669 671 16,636 4,863 7,366 1,414 2,401 35,263 1,725 2,1 107 1,2,54 609 104 188 47 635 18,523 380 792 3,102 2,804 6,658 14,060 31. 146 2,190 3,763 706 221 28 12. 147 112 46 1,236 1,196 8,768 4,901 679 16,279 4,819 7,619 2,121 2,453 34,418 1,737 2,182 197, 669 104 1,245 617 106 198 36 694 18, 413 392 807 3,205 2, 6,633 12,494 30, 632 2,767 3,669 703 215 32 25,119 120 47 1,371 1,171 8,: 5,1 15,883 4,916 7,778 2,360 2,503 33,406 1,766 2,286 196,396 187,779 99 1,124 636 102 200 36 647 18,662 402 3,259 2,406 5,646 11,566 30,283 2,853 3,693 704 200 30 27, 682 132 47 1,501 1,239 8,725 6,135 683 15,339 4,454 7,814 1,661 2,517 32,064 1.760 2,392 96 1,119 605 101 205 39 670 18,724 389 822 3,231 2,313 5,549 11,964 2,895 3,557 700 193 30 25, 89: 144 48 1,660 1,186 8,396 5,060 14, .597 3,961 7,665 1,338 2,608 27,963 1.-747 2,348 20,3,50 20,570 15 1,210 530 80 3 191 1,061 162 182 4,244 25 78 122 33 326 5 10 180 5,792 1,262 290 3,199 172 14 1,130 566 108 5 3 194 1,088 160 182 4,258 25 87 130 33 327 6 10 196 27 969 6,897 1,283 83 261 3,205 192 21,001 21,213 16 1,269 568 91 6 3 201 1,104 172 171 4,171 27 74 126 33 324 6 10 206 23 1,037 6,121 1,346 85 274 3,232 175 2 16 80 18 1,303 677 90 6 3 215 1,126 176 180 4,284 28 76 130 33 334 5 10 243 24 1,038 6,005 1,381 82 269 3,183 263 2 19 83 GENERAL TABLES. 49 AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. Group 7.— lililVORS AND BEVERAGES— Continued. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAQE-EARNEES EMPLOYED DURING EACH MONTH— Continued. Women 16 years and over— Continued. Children under 16 years. May. June. July. .A.U- gust. Septem- October. Novem- ber. Decem- ber. Janu- ary. Febru- ary. March. April. May. June. July. Au- gust. Sep- tem- ber. Octo- ber. No- vem- ber. De- cem- ber. 1,261 1,436 1,462 1,380 1,329 1,169 1,076 957 623 622 681 766 911 1,057 1,148 1,098 996 829 713 637 1 242 CSS 84 1 246 321 770 83 300 820 77 272 734 129 270 699 179 1 180 266 596 150 1 156 307 531 103 1 134 267 506 49 1 134 18 411 4 18 409 4 18 449 4 18 487 4 1 256 18 535 1 353 15 607 4 2 429 13 654 11 2 468 13 616 16 2 451 17 556 43 1 378 17 509 18 1 284 19 472 4 1 217 20 415 4 1 197 2 3 4 5 202 265 245 190 191 210 6 Group 8.— CHEOTICAliS AlVD ALLIED PRODUCXS- Continued. 20,798 20,056 19,094 18,964 20,128 21,161 21,491 21,066 1,768 1,782 1,793 1,830 1,802 1,803 1,736 1,806 1,867 1,894 1,739 1.696 1 18 1,264 595 95 5 3 196 1,138 178 182 4,238 27 84 106 33 331 5 10 220 20 1,271 5S7 100 5 3 187 1,135 160 184 4,065 24 85 97 33 292 5 10 219 13 1,225 572 95 5 2 150 1,078 ^ 166 182 3,686 22 91 96 33 271 5 10 230 14 1,209 567 88 6 3 145 1,047 159 183 3,686 22 101 109 33 248 6 10 222 13 1,243 625 88 8 3 177 1,042 174 172 4,038 23 102 96 33 267 6 10 253 10 1,263 663 98 12 3 179 1,072 178 186 4,301 27 104 103 33 S16 6 10 256 9 1,249 664 103 12 3 192 1,074 180 180 4,379 26 104 99 33 347 5 10 218 9 1,220 697 92 11 3 193 1,017 173 152 4,391 24 106 107 33 ?49 6 10 187 1 36 38 2 2^ 40 4 1 35 48 10 1 38 47 10 1 35 49 10 1 34 47 10 1 36 48 11 2 1 34 49 11 2 1 38 56 5 2 1 38 60 4 2 i' 1 41 40 58 48 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 27 78 7 1 114 4 1 61 9 22 4 6 4 32 78 7 1 115 3 1 59 9 26 4 6 4 30 77 3 1 116 3 1 43 9 28 3 6 10 28 77 9 1 110 3 1 29 9 30 3 6 10 28 77 8 1 112 4 1 14 9 32 3 6 9 39 77 8 1 118 6 1 11 9 33 3 6 8 41 72 9 1 111 5 1 14 9 36 4 6 12 34 ■ 72 8 1 106 5 1 14 9 30 3 6 9 33 74 8 1 110 5 1 14 9 25 3 6 10 32 68 8 1 112 4 1 16 9 22 2 6 10 32 68 8 1 114 4 1 17 9 29 2 6 6 40 70 8 1 118 3 1 20 9 35 2 6 4 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 '1 20 11 22 S 21 19 29 29 31 31 34 32 24 ■ 12 4 4 5 7 10 24 23 25 22 '4 4 4 4 21 938 5,117 1,335 64 285 3,043 250 1 14 79 4 21 918 5,007 1,341 66 277 3,108 263 1 14 70 4 23 935 6,384 1,448 73 308 3,208 259 1 16 68 4 23 907 6,793 1,623 102 324 3,269 293 1 12 73 4 23 910 6,952 1,648 103 340 3,354 251 1 21 76 4 31 909 5,902 1,459 102 302 3,333 218 1 21 74 ■"S 21 1,053 5,730 1,376 67 268 3,165 266 1 9 79 21 1,037 5,376 1,364 70 270 3,065 240 1 9 87 2 39 318 27 425 2 44 327 27 427 2 46 343 28 407 4 325 36 2 138 9 2 47 378 27 424 7 336 34 2 141 9 2 43 353 26 443 7 336 33 2 145 9 2 43 349 30 433 13 325 36 2 147 8 2 38 343 36 402 10 309 33 8 124 8 2 38 348 35 463 9 332 38 8 124 7 2 38 359 33 496 9 341 36 3 132 ■ 7 2 42 358 34 493 7 367 34 3 127 7 2 37 346 34 403 5 347 19 3 111 7 2 37 354 36 368 1 350 5 3 98 7 26 27 28 29 30 31 326 43 327 37 32 33 129 9 132 9 35 36 37 MPO PT 1 — 07- 50 MANUFACTURES. Table 3.— UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES Group 9.— CI.AY, GliASS, AND STONE MOIJUCTS. United States Artificial stone Brick and tile Cement China decorating Crucibles Emery wheels Glass Glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting Grindstones i Gypsum wall plaster Hones and whetstones Kaolin and ground earths Lime Mantels, slate, marble, and marbleized.. Marble and stone work Mirrors Monuments and tombstones.. Pottery, terra cotta, and fire clay prod- ucts. Statuary and art goods Number of estab- lish- ments. 10, 775 477 4,634 129 28 11 34 399 453 25 176 17 131 526 4 1,165 119' 1,439 873 Total. S553,846,682 3,315,910 119,956,959 85,758,954 260, 655 1,577,051 2,248,744 89, 389, 151 7,365,225 1,930,706 13,203,772 423, 501 10, 195, 793 22,596,020 141,954 63,210,814 3,859,469 15,817,344 110,926,018 1,668,642 Land. $106, 729, 450 385, 618 27, 752, 437 18,264,689 36, 700 251,371 138, 490 6,666,467 408, 791 679,921 2, 680, 801 59, 100 1,623,845 8, 217, 884 13, 650 18, 265, 074 104, 860 2, 505, 199 18, 637, 403 135, 150 Buildings. $123,270,860 Machinery, tools, and implements. $137,988,244 440, 468 25,522,601 18, 608, 443 52, 023 239,081 328,086 24, 324, 811 626, 797 216, 461 2,671,942 76,239 1, 461, 344 4,423,916 24,000 6,914,810 361,351 1,864,520 34,947,500 166, 467 861, 113 33,296,324 33, 797, 406 37, 299 116, 816 410, 767 21,230,876 1,164,037 296,429 3,287,191 58, 150 1,720,632 3, 866, 870 9,838 13,741,080 608, 896 2,044,334 21, 165, 402 285,785 Cash and sun- dries. $185, 858, 128 1, 628, 711 33, 386, 597 16,088,416 134, 633 969, 783 1,371,401 37,266,997 5, 175, 600 737, 896 4,563,838 230,012 6, 389, 972 6,087,350 94, 466 24,287,850 2,784,363 9,403,291 36, 175, 713 1,081,240 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 7,324 Total horse- power. 831, 177 110 2,781 3,476 265, 832 126 179, 146 2 6 11 627 33 2,098 387 107,662 265 4,19C 23 2,643 163 20,635 16 684 130 17,34C 248 18.964 2 82 782 90,357 94 2,971 684 16,888 751 107,755 21 527 Group 10 METAIiS AND METAl, PKODUCTS, OTHEK THAN IKON AND STEEL,. United States Babbitt metal and solder Bells Brass Brass and copper, rolled Brass castings and brass finishing Brassware Bronze castings Clocks Coppersmithing and sheet iron working. Blectroplating Galvanizing Gas and lamp fixtures Gold and silver, leaf and foil Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore. Hand stamps Jewelry Lamps and refieetors Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet Needles, pins, and hooks and eyes Pens, gold Plated ware Plumbers' supplies Silversmithing and silverware Smelting and refining, copper Smelting and refining, lead Smelting and refining, zinc Smelting and refining, not from the ore . Stamped ware Tinfoil Tinware Type founding ; W atch and clock materials Watch cases Watches 6,310 76 21 12 25 520 229 27 36 263 224 1,023 142 32 46 16 60 185 ■ 98 40 32 31 65 174 14 377 21 17 28 14 $598, 340, 758 4, 128, 645 881,.634 215, 431 32,942,594 23,492,943 18,930,472 1,856,737 9,703,170 31,944,237 1,286,996 2,690,471 20,206,957 1,071,562 2,326,009 1,231,866 39,678,956 7, 795, 527 5,015,161 5,331,939 446,933 13, 830, 480 20,290,463 23,901,645 76, 824, 640 63, 822, 810 23,701,586 9, 807, 238 23, 107, 768 1,917,839 92,565,896 4,916,723 426, 838 12, 649, 771 19,409,931 $40, 669, 648 233, 350 49, 650 6,500 2, 230, 373 2,356,990 1, 457, 762 309, 157 420,849 2,978,087 41, 160 132, 000 634, 050 178,025 126, 670 12,850 303,511 393,991 704,880 75, 847 498, 106 1,739,4,52 400, 648 2,776,114 2,958,080 2,248,905 1,142,285 1, 274, 560 272, 029 13,711,969 51,328 28,850 431, 650 490,000 $107,307,192 190, 896 141,746 10, 744 4,382,146 3,522,046 2,902,080 380,842 1,372,288 4,329,681 57,329 248,027 652,249 185,625 152, 071 . 24,675 954, 361 982,661 791,724 390,088 1,513,192 3,615,596 3,074,194 18,962,965 18,628,976 8,645,416 1,479,220 3,336,251 417,''"- 22,168,950 160,000 46, 400 1,223,242 2, 473, 614 $153, 508, 341 347, 295 188, 477 64, 464 8,066,261 5,914,151 5,300,120 386, 139 1,964,352 5,760,i 629,237 477,292 2,016,814 170, 808 309, 151 568, 441 6,137J817 1,900,903 1,071,720 1, 180, 186 100, 923 3, 540, 635 4,721,935 6, 106, 463 15,815,148 20,941,814 4,688,300 1,. 583, 602 7, 718, 446 629,687 35,326,109 1,882,335 99, 891 2, 263, 603 6, 655, — $296,955,677 3, 367, 104 501, 762 133, 723 18, 273, 814 11, 699, 766 9, 270, 610 780,699 6,946,681 18,875,530 559,280 1,833,162 17,003,844 637, 104 1,738,117 636,900 32,283,267 4, 618, 072 2, 446, 837 3,686,818 346,010 8, 278, 547 10,213,480 15,320,240 39, 270, 413 21,293,940 8,218,965 6, 602, 131 10, 778, 511 598, 125 21,349,878 2,833,060 250, 697 8,731,376 9, 790, 434 3,847 343,939 27 20 11 24 416 202 19 35 538 20 228 24 34 803 104 31 45 16 52 Ml 96 37 30 31 38 157 11 199 18 17 27 13 1,138 586 2,053 44, 694 13, 752 13, 468 1,230 5,590 11,656 2,635 1,840 6,847 278 1,093 329 8,047 3.446 2,512 2; 840 77 6,870 14,086 8,010 85,828 32,648 23,462 18, 16" 11,203 1,612 9,918 1,382 168 2,948 4,646 > Includes 2 establishments manufacturing millstones, distributed as follows; Maryland, 1; New York, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 51 AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. Group 9.— CliAY, GLASS, AND STONE PRODUCTS. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEKKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNERS. Aggregate. Officers J corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Nmnhcr. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. year. year. 11,382 18,768 521,555,724 3,740 $7,207,525 15,028 tl4,348,199 13,218 $13,482,918 1,810 $865,281 406,214 228, 78« 1 571 5,295 26 30 3 340 3,690 1,383 18 ,57 260,973 3,530,474 1,858,208 15, 686 115,589 98 903 172 6 16 100,706 1,160,404 538,875 7,240 75, 181 242 2,787 1,211 12 41 160,267 2,370,070 1,319,333 8,440 40, 408 215 2,608 1,116 8 38 152, 931 2,299,093 1,253,611 6,888 39,004 27 179 95 4 3 7,336 70,977 65, 722 1,568 1,404 4,743 115,090 22, 765 309 322 2,041 66,940 12, 134 180 223 2 3 4 5 6 11 96 504 13 72 ISS 3.040 743 53 629 217,117 3,940,293 776,007 84,040 619, 566 31 543 . 135 9 145 73,540 1,340,761 248, 396 34,060 209,987 157 2,497 608 44 484 143,577 2, 599, 532 527,611 49,990 409,579 116 2,107 444 37 419 123,677 2,408,172 451,006 44,875 380, 187 42 390 164 7 65 20,000 191,360 76, 605 6,115 29,392 922 87,686 10,093 1,011 6, 145 703 65,642 6,926 .521 2,721 7 8 9 10 11 12 91 500 7 ■ 1,268 19 2.53 731 4 2,488 19,564 3-29,374 702.998 2.880 3,128,246 6 90 177 10,700 168, 757 251,999 13 163 554 4 2,023 8,864 160,617 450,999 2,880 2, 117, 547 10 146 488 3 1,844 7,203 151,932 421,273 2,280 2,021,891 3 17 66 1 179 1,661 8,685 29,726 600 96,656 267 2,913 15, 732 90 64, 167 184 1,700 7,934 74 25,016 12 13 14 16 465 1,010,699 16 117 2,025 550 302 964 3,752 331,771 868, 579 4,627,739 53 101 763 101,075 1.55,851 1,869,760 249 863 2,989 230,696 712.728 2,957,979 197 744 2,607 205,690 666,692 2,776,848 62 119 382 25,106 46, 136 182,131 3,199 16,046 63,666 2,288 9,782 42,683 17 X8 19 191 114 126,620 27 49,544 87 77,076 72 70,965 15 6,111 2,162 1,097 20 Group 10 — in:E:TAL.S APfD METAL, PRODUCTS, OTHER THAN IRON AND STEEl,. 6,760 19, 471 S24,.854, 690 2,579 $7, 450, 821 16,892 $17, 403, 769 13,496 $15,776,740 3,396 $1,627,029 257,686 174,012 1 70 243 264,995 39 89, 163 204 175,832 150 146,042 64 29,790 771 399 2 17 66 53,514 IS 20, 650 48 32,864 37 28, 669 11 4,196 594 466 3 9 21 24, 772 S 15,300 13 9,472 11 9,172 2 ■300 108 68 4 5 76S 1,103,274 65 276,544 703 826,730 650 797, 746 53 28,984 12,521 9,706 b 533 1,300 1, 537, 666 229 661,537 1,071 976, 119 894 896,932 177 79, 187 14, 116 9,140 6 217 847 1,005,025 86 239,663 761 765,362 693 676,032 168 89,330 11,866 8,652 7 20 li 106,970 19 61,372 66 66, 698 48 61,978 7 3,620 922 662 8 19 477 497, 163 29 93, 727 448 403, 436 346 367,366 103 46,071 7,904 6,634 9 2, 331 2, 670 2.763,885 482 886,085 2,188 1,878,800 1.759 1, 697, 471 429 181,329 30,808 16,609 10 371 144 132, 192 27 44,482 117 87,710 81 72,386 36 15,324 2,453 1,607 11 34 167 191, 635 31 68,604 136 123,031 120 116,791 16 7,240 1,553 964 12 225 1,239 1,503,266 172 436,737 1,067 1,066,519 899 986,176 168 81,343 9,574 6,484 13 106 86 85,112 8 20, 135 78 64,977 49 60, 154 29 14,823 1,659 1,330 14 0/ 95 127, 158 15 33, 426 80 93, 732 62 83,776 18 9,956 313 262 15 247 226 181,895 44 70, 337 182 111,558 120 87,664 62 23,894 1,098 868 16 1, 4.36 2,603 2,939,419 207 6.50,343 2,336 2,289,076 1,509 1,883,542 827 405,534 26,387 18, 500 17 109 510 695, 130 99 243,339 411 461, 791 329 408,392 82 43,399 5,463 3,696 18 11 177 238,813 21 57,600 156 181,213 139 169, 464 17 11,749 778 623 19 31 200 252,818 35 100,658 165 162,260 116 128,210 49 24,050 5,646 3,732 20 15 34 42,287 7 12,815 27 29,472 20 26, 890 7 2,582 338 294 21 21 474 647, 585 59 170,366 415 471,219 310 417, 201 105 64,018 7,227 5,116 22 123 1,026 1,213,908 163 391,295 862 822,613 739 760,956 123 61,667 12, 572 8,727j 23 99 850 1,082,679 74 304, 427 776 778,152 590 692.030 186 86, 122 11, 105 7,195; 24 1 809 1,527,382 39 205, 635 770 1,321,847 745 1, 298, 827 26 23,020 15,349 10,614 25 6 524 887,602 18 78,027 506 809,575 498 802,595 8 6,980 8,342 6,695 26 2 354 681, 479 50 157,807 304 423,672 287 413,836 17 9,836 7,637 5,272 27 57 225 354, 182 34 92,357 191 261,825 170 250,966 21 10, 869 2,147 1,218 28 140 941 1,276,996 148 484,-679 793 792,317 618 709, 431 176 82, 886 16, 150 11,160 29 11 70 85,653 10 28, 450 60 67,203 46 48,819 14 8,384 832 734 30 380 1.216 2,029,543 212 1,212,668 1,004 816,875 828 736, 061 176 80,814 23,368 12,207 31 14 274 279, 779 12 40,520 262 239,259 218 220,964 44 18,296 1,694 1,007 32 21 25 31,794 6 12,700 20 19,094 13 15, 269 7 3,836 446 325 33 20 381 494,783 35 164, 663 346 330, 220 237 286, 453 lOS 44, 767 4,675 3,963 34 3 366 614, 366 29 130,010 337 484,346 266 461, 490 71 32,866 11,371 10,204 36 52 MANUFACTURES. Table 3.— UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES Growp 9.— CIiAY, GI.ASS, AND STONE PRODUCTS— Continued. United States Artificial stone Brick and tile Cement China decorating Crucibles Emery wheels Glass - Glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting Grindstones Gypsum wall plaster Hones and whetstones Kaolin and ground earths Lime Mantels, slate, marble, and marbleized... Marble and stone work Mirrors Monuments and tombstones Pottery, terra cotta, and fire clay products Statuary and art goods WAGE-EARNEKS AND WAGES. Average number. 285,365 2,506 66,021 17, 478 225 280 801 63,969 8,379 725 3,758 220 2,157 11.152 87 38, 399 2,1 12, 624 52,428 1,507 Wages. 8148,471,903 1,402,1 28, 646, 005' 8,814,077, 99, 1371 159,219 451,016' 37,288,148 4, 359, 199 289, 400, 1,890,350[ 94, 428 898, 700 4,597,113 56, 403 23, 629, 867 1, 374, 807 8,213,030 25, 177, 665 1,030,481 Men 16 years and over. num- ber. 265, 049 S143, 359, 173 2,503 64, 612 17, 419 789 54,079 7,217 724 3,717 212 2,128 11,112 87 38,216 2,502 12, 581 45,342 1,450 Women 16 years and over. num- ber. 10, 854 1, 402, 286 28, 406, 967 8, 800, 445 56, 909 159,219 447, 405 35, 006, 647 4,069,173 289, 135 1,879,163 92, 838 892,221 4. 592, 917 56, 403 23, 589, 197 1,336,106 8, 200, 418 23,069,359 1,013,375 36 9 136 11 1,455 915 75 119 17 5,963 49 Wages. $3, 125, 682 8,656 2,867 40, 912 3,379 868, 808 241, 363 Children under 16 years. num- ber. 9,462 3 1,373 50 1,520! 6,221 1,260' 1 1,435 247 1 4 1 1 33 20,761 34,942! 6,626 1,862,043 16, 797| 109 28 26 1,133 Wages. $1,987,048 572 230, 382; 10, 765 1,316 232 1, 413, 693 48, 663 265 670 70 258 2,936 19,909 3,769 5,986 246,263 1,309 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. $37,822,0 268, 812 6,969,161 3,695,538 23, 818 124, 174 387, 483 5,911,507 1, 142, 687 144, 441 1,242,716 57, 659 562, 364 1, 111, 823 17, 860 5,214,594 667,967 2, 467, 214 7,6.56,053 256, 185 Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. $1,970,422 $2,144,035 51, 63' 395, 406 41,941 8,216 744 .36,393 267, 402 3,283 75, 136 157 32, 310 62,222 1,500 517, 834 127, 149 159, 921 111,053 78, 510 13, 369 503, 961 250, 732 1,1 9,277 17, 199 320,728 24, 318 6,816 48,291 941 28, 676 96,750 1,100 278,394 11, 466 89, 482 436,839 4,667 Group 10.— METAIiS AND OTETAl, PRODUCTS, OTHER THAN IRON AND STEEL,— Continued. United States Babbitt metal and solder Bells Brass Brass and copper, rolled Brass castings and brass finishing Brassware Bronze castings Clocks Copper.smithing and sheet iron working . Electroplating Galvanizing Gas and lamp fixtures Gold and silver, leaf and foil Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore. Hand stamps Jewelry Lamps and reflectors Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet Needles, pins, and hooks and eyes Pens, gold Plated ware Plumbers' supplies Silvorsmithing and silverware Smelting and refining, copper Smelting and refining, lead Smelting and refining, zinc Smelting and refining, not from the ore. . Stamped ware Tinfoil Tinware Type founding Watch and clock materials Watch cases ". Watches 211, 706 $117, 599, 837 176, 478 $106, 824, 262 569 530 78 10,909 11,305 10;078 798 7,249 22, 556 1, 943 1,256 8,141 1,402 287 976 22, 080 4,429 646 3,965 309 6,281 10, 753 8,580 12, 752 7,573 6,528 1,712 13, 560 766 16,919 1.446 385 4,221 10,724 337, 507 253, 188 46, 496 6,733,487 6,208,21)1 5, 176, 758 501,064 3,614,186 13,766,688 1,092,836 620,012 4,237,394 662,813 206, 263 611,808 12, 692, 846 2, 170, 590 405, 025 1,595,923 225, 464 3,360,426 5,996,361 5,266,049 10,827,043 6, 374, 691 3,866,466 994,951 5, 660, 459 303, 307 6,842,491 883,595 182, 475 2, 170, 507i 6, 024, 400 539 462 78 10, 404 10, 901 7,8.83 778 5,087 22, 105 1,805 1,207 6,691 640 284 792 15, 845 3,741 645 1,862 290 5,187 10, 435 7,280 12,702 7,666 6,606 1,706 9,842 433 12,883 1,062 186 3,204 5,457 329, 852 233, 179 46, 496 5,581,202 6,092,166 4, 494, 470 496,217 2,767,284 13, 653, 061 1,054,179 006, 359 3, 862, 580 444, 822 204, 549 454, 849 10, 490, 167 1,936,069 404, 589 1,031,141 219, 596 3, 014, 874 5,910,894 4,860,479 10, 808, 442 5,371,031 3,851,120 990, 768 4, 665, 554 219,233 6,890,264 774, 649 116,631 1,852,868 4, 088, 638 31,348 $10,002,451 470 284 1,998 13 1,965 306 91 18 1,164 . 723 3 122 5,785 636 1 1,860 17 260 1,138 2 6 2,900 322 3,480 318 197 9.30 5,245 7,580 18,717 143, 621 90,617 646, 695 3.327 701,062 80, 737 29, 344 4.872 314, 667 210, 737 1,714 44, 550 2, 026, 032 222, 778 436 622,379 6,533 327, 295 70, 154 380, 162 3,660 624 4,183 810, 572 82, 645 852, 013 97,, 327 65, 508 302, 520 1,931,430 3,880 35 120 197 7 197 145 47 31 286 460 52 243 2 96 162 50 818 11 556 76 2 87 22 $773,124 $41,695,062 $4,932,050 $1,959,116 75 1,292 8,664 25, 618 35, 593 1,610 45, 839 31,890 9,312 8,781 60,147 7,2.54 12, 409 77, 647 11,743 42, 403 325 18,266 9,313 24, 408 18, 601 4,722 184, 333 1,429 100,214 11,619 276 15,119 4,332, 492, 540 76, 512 18,115 2,363,103 2,216,514 1,406,886 114, 624 540, 341 3,972,080 284, 606 136,072 2,129,316 163,713 217, 236 276, 549 4,161,303 994, 143 338, 486 587, 471 61, 407 1,691,365 1,895,324 2, 478, 873 4, 748, 399 897,876 1,326,621 1,222,424 1,561,979 276, 401 2, 423, 769 309, 962 14, 478 751, 026 1, 445, 659| 43, 683 3,825 6,6.57 9,650 220,084 139, 741 8,974 17, 451 707, 025 143, 237 26, 141 275, 669 18,817 20,271 111,036 752, 756 101,177 27,968 123, 655 12, 397 34, 183 127,227 145, 552 1,342,753 1,200 3,600 28,231 124, 999 4,115 251,696 75, 300 2,369 16,311 4,300 20,985 5,506 702 155,933 96, 613 83,447 8,967 40,206 137,212 4,236 7,125 46, 634 6,013 7,372 3,853 74, 150 33, 906 26, 466 19,133 736 51,541 91,469 63, 363 374, 810 115,030 65, 172 17,616 88,559 11,922 98, 602 12,743 1,703 16, 472 171,960 GENERAL TABLES. 53 AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. Group 9.— Cl.Air, GI.ASS, AND SXONE PRODITCXS— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST or MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom worlc and repairing. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purcliased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). $31,204,984 92,502,595 $123,124,392 $78,923,860 $25,102,739 $53,821,121 $37,046,707 $690,890 $2,438,244 $4,124,691 $391,230,422 1 197,256 5,775,935 3,338,575 14,563 112,828 353,772 5,497,538 841,997 121,696 976,915 56,461 482,137 919,038 11,350 3,402,076 425,252 1,654,839 7,007,580 ! 15, 276 6,560 293,870 64,290 1,430,238 16,316,499 12,216,113 107,647 761,861 705,220 20,146,522 4,845,393 321,894 4,725,919 103,334 1,868,901 5,437,150 96,735 17,717,374 4,587,349 8,755,417 16,591,462 392,374 1,364,120 1,583,447 5,360,663 98,484 727,394 640,371 19,104,314 4,621,164 285,019 4,063,830 92,939 1,509,863 2,521,702 93,797 15,228,237 4,460,604 7,717,453 9,095,532 364,927 259,591 918,437 1,505,932 1,104,529 665,010 3,854,731 98,484 478,754 614,616 19,104,314 4,616,428 238,448 2,757,438 39,426 231,436 1,745,509 93,797 6,122,146 4,457,532 4,053,142 3,236,869 308,512 24, 666 13,583,834 5,818,371 7,864 25,280 50,301 6,243,006 93,819 25,689 496,533 9,279 214,769 2,519,647 778 1,130,471 34,274 188,715 6,563,778 16,743 5,578 45, 126 159,374 30 60 1,783 42,164 46,443 500 19,280 210 5,733 2,169 360 92,412 27,980 105,731 30,018 5,949 3,877 565,427 662,299 76 2,475 7,644 266,444 16,678 6,436 69,195 846 46,505 62,812 50 263,517 10,321 66,694 405,998 2,051 31,997 538,665 214,406 1,204 6,652 6,121 490,694 67,389 4,350 98,081 60 92,031 340,820 750 1,002,737 54,170 676,824 496,136 2,704 4,128,221 71,162,062 29,87.3,122 326,679 1,342,716 2,062,120 79,607,998 13,137,653 871,022 10,164,186 307,789 4,438,794 14,751,170 223,706 68,931,621 7,605,435 25,688,607 64,200,792 2,416,730 2 3 4 5 i,.32.5 6,903 56,848 18,970 12,746 142,374 100 19,231 33,813 3,900 1,016,290 4,100 662,972 100,581 57,732 248,640 25,765 6 7 8 4,736 46,571 1,296,392 53,513 1,278,427 776,193 9 10 11 12 13 14 Ti 9,106,091 3,072 3,664,311 5,868,663 56,415 16 17 18 19 20 Group lO MBXAL.S AND METAL. PKODUCXS, OXHER XHAN IRON AND SXEEIi— Continued. $33,840,773 S863,123| $644,367,583 $617,171,970 $140,333,882 $476,838,088 $20,222,131 $978,881 $2,511,1 $3,482,932 $922,262,456 426,239 63,606 10,756 2,197,620 1,844,903 1,165,792 96,583 441,678 3,033,996 128,950 102,806 1,725,163 133,731 189,133 157,092 3,179,190 811,417 256,052 444,683 48,274 1,593,056 1,595,608 2,261,327 2,913,435 743,712 1,251,359 1,176,578 1,323,628 253,338 2,051,511 221,909 10,406 718,043 1,269,399 1,633' 3,575 55,914; 17,906 41,006' 93,847, 8,183: 81,849i 5,152!j 460' 4,. 568 1 155,207 i 47,643 28,000ll 12,5861 81,020 8,631, 117, 40l! 37,934 6,490! 24,893 7,026] 22,000! 200' 10,863,762 463,377 363,720 39,798,683 16,170,153 7,631,943 1,688,831 3,077,574 27,147,964 747,331 4,744,466 7,395,207 1,476,111 37,538,379 564,728 24,177,229 3,682,651 7,910,180 1,. 583, 644 274,235 5,448,619 9,923,810 9,010, — 196,736, 168,958,076 17,028,418 13,759,805 10,524,880 1,887,745 26,248,263 746, 176 . 107,361 4,428,627 2,258,683 10,696,944 438,049 348,797 37,863,413 16,419,068 7,101,742 1,613,164 2,964,017 26,490,610 661,266 4,627,674 7,130,207 1,449,383 17,477,208 534,946 23,797,097 3,650,730 7,839,043 1,515,824 269,462 6,288,643 9,196,039 8,797,206 184,142,574 164,834,058 14,863,057 13,274,608 10,131,006 1,857,071 25,790,985 693,005 101,961 4,319,511 2,114,612 1,600 7,542 35,860 524 12,826 480 15,042 26,000 220,364 4,251 605,066 800 7,361 90,284 63,651,337 61,336,302 13,729,8.56 299,059 2,250 9,032 19,487 1,330 358,230 10,694,344 438,049 348,797 37,863,413 16,411,526 7,065,882 1,612,640 2,954,017 26,477,785 660,776 4,627,674 7,115,165 1,423,383 17,266,844 630,695 23,292,031 3,549,930 7,839,043 1,515,824 269,462 5,281,282 9,106,755 8,797,206 120,491,237 103,498,766 1,123,201 12,975,649 10,128,766 1,848,039 25,771,498 693,005 100,631 3,961,281 2,114,612 62,593 12,847 11,077 1,103,840 482,312 282,220 40,370 67,363 292,324 25,460 60.914 120, 956 10, 194 46,692 8,044 101,477 68,227 52,488 36, 141 649 110,334 439,055 130,717 10,061,427 3,792,269 1,666,281 439,296 169,466 23,182 344,412 27,267 3,285 40,431 88,531 6,897 1,056 625 12,116 65,287 60,946 4,255 4,043 97,700 47,230 2,710 58,635 4,856 8,765 11,694 194,710 23,262 1,003 8,495 3,253 21,062 28,915 33, 736 119,484 27,366 3,943 35,061 3,200 43,476 13,275 1,141 21,728 9,156 16,267 2,950 807 777,191 90,284 96,423 22,119 28,324 46,834 5,374 47,946 53,184 10,899 3,028 1,244 66,282 16,274 10,415 19,718 796 15,922 86, 107 27,544 621,653 98,398 137,826 26,960 70,266 4, 159 30,894 5,935 929 35,472 34,245 82,051 8,475 2,514' 42,123 113,202 90,612 8,923 23,827 220,496 8,011 5.222 32,226 779 2,686 8,900 17,663 26,058 7,231 3,466 75 12,658 173,694 20,883 1,791,848 205,986 371,254 14,998 119,091 133 38,486 11,486 12, 139 13,099,838 1,000,220 700,772 51,912,853 29,671,928 17,499,066 2,622,496 8,868,000 56,082,029 2,965,014 6,418,850 17,560,386 2,696,298 18,724,095 2,017,531 63,225,681 8,999,874 9,277,462 4,750,589 692,029 12,138,886 21,542,485 20,700,703 240,780,216 185,826,839 24,791,299 17,402,987 21,958,049 2,794,828 41,892,r"" 2,727,759 428,692 8,626,504 11,866,400 17 IS 19' 20- 21 22 23 24 25. 54 MANUFACTURES. Table 3.— UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES Group 9 CliA IT, GL.ASS, AND STOIVE PRODUCTS— Continued. United States Artificial stone Brick and tile Cement China decorating Crucibles Emery wheels Glass Glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting Grindstones Gypsum wall plaster Hones and whetstones Kaolin and ground earths Lime Mantels, slate, marble, and marbleized. . Marble and stone work Mirrors Monuments and tombstones Pottery, terra cotta, and fire clay prod- ucts. Statuary and art goods 205, 802 209, 735 AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS EMPLOYED DURING EACH MONTH. Men 16 years and over. Janu- ary. Febru- ary. 1,297 25,431 13, 706 81 254 784 60, 465 7,019 301 3,178 1,376 26,030 13, 841 82 272 760 61, 941 7,075 372 3,071 192 204 2,162 2,062 7,954i 7,1 79 79 27,726 27,953 2,433 10, 594 40,904 2,473 10,849 42,021 1,288 March. April. May. 233, 311 271i 814 304, 813 309, 663 June. 1,597 36,713 15, 459 80 280 I 77oi 62,843 7,210 480 3,431 207 2,202 9,947 79 32,021 2,488 11,830 44, 247 2,228 2,651 61,240 87,355 17,987 18,837 81 82 285 283 785 786: 3,126 94, 667 19,041 80 277 793 63,108 62,130 56,377 7, 163 7, 218' 6, 913 808 896 932 3,734 3,925 3,879 219 2,258 11,658 2,493 12, 871 45, 411 232 222 2, 206 2, 221 12,354 12,485 84 91 41,472' 43,877 2,438' 2,390 13,712 13,652 46,712 47,172 1, 440' 1, 468 July. 279, 183 3,296 96, 592 19, 566 72 288 783 24,336 6,893 923 3,923 223 2,162 12,389 91 44, 476 2,390 13, 539 45, 736 1,517 Au- gust. Sep- tem- ber. Octo- ber. 282, 252 299, 717 290, 160 260, 129 No- vem- ber. 3,381 3,4631 3,192 2,622 94,903 88,9871 74,855 51,614 19,295 18,980 18,453 17,807 77 80 8ll 82 268 289 294 283 783 791 26,768 50,516 7, 121 7, 283 4,025 220 2,120 12, 824 95 44, 657 2,446 13, 509 47, 295 1,669 4,017 223 1,953 13,047 96 43, 946 2,638 13, 494 47, 523 1,606 De- cem- ber. 234,019 Women 16 years and over. Janu- ary. Febru- ary. 10,603 10,968 March. April. 11,304 11,308 798 58,780 7,485 8631 4,037j 218! l.i 12, 544 91 42,101 2,626 13,083 47, 173 801 60, 452 7,609 743 3,780 197 2,164 10, 889 9i 38,678 2,622 12, 448 45,966 1,601 1,907 37,057 16,057 82' 287 829 61,242 7,615 588 3, 604 187| 2,120 9,267,, 89 33, 680, 16 7 143 20 10, 12 184 11| 3, 614' 8571 11 3,595 897 10 lo! 11 3,743 919 ?,C87| 112] ll,39ll 16' 43, 955 6, 634 116 16 5,971 75 111 18 6,106 45 25 13 142 11 1,738 908 83 114 18 6,115 Oronp 10.— METAIiS AND METAL, PRODUCTS, OTHER THAN IRON AND STEEL, Continued. United States 167, 656 170, 517 174, 388 176, 303 176, 24l' 175, 950 173, 239 176, 042 181, 170 183, 001 182, 342 180, 887 31, 160, 31, 085 Babbitt metal and solder Bells B rass Brass and copper, rolled Brass castings and brass finishing. Brassware Bronze castings Clocks Coppersmithing and sheet iron working. Electroplating Galvanizing Gas and lamp fixtures Gold and silver, leaf and foil Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore. Hand stamps Jewelry Lamps and reflectors Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet Needles, pins, and hooks and eyes . Pens, gold Plated ware Plumbers' supplies Silversmithing and silverware. Smelting and refining, copper. . Smelting and refining, lead Smelting and refining, zinc Smelting and refining, not from the ore . Stamped ware Tinfoil Tinware Type founding Watch and clock materials. Watch cases Watches 476 458 71 10, 102 10,686 7,691 779 4,953 19, 732 1, (""" 1,046 6,309 16, 166 3,857 683 1,833 287 4,766 9,350 6,946 11,928 7,522 6,096 1,661 9,786 443 10, 769 1,016 205 3,368 5,458 457 71 10,634 10,882 7,762 791 5,223 19, 709 1,747 1,081 6,427 635 16, 868 3,842 566 1,867 293 4,947 9,860 6,999 12,170 7,654 6,107 1,742 9,864 439 11,243 1,131 198 3,286 6,467 623 466 71 10, 364 11, 220 7,811 789 5,206 20, 207 1,796 1,238 6,548 642 281 812 K, 526 3,958 580 1/ 286 6,090 10, 166 7,131 12, 441 7,771 1, 9,969 427 12, 389 1,172 199 3,272 5,497 537 476 69 10, 417 11, 189 7,657 789 5,248 21,393 1,237 6,723 651 278 807 15, 265 3,885 605 1,: 286 6,087 10, 294 7,121 12, 860 7,609 6,827 1,851 9,815 424 13,361 1,175 200 3,152 5,304 526 475 76 10, 617 10,837 7,613 799 5,206 22,202 1,843 1,259 6,738 649 271 790 15,115 3,763 614 1,832 274 5,082 10, 173 6,969 13,031 7,265 549 533 464, 464 74 78 10,308 9,994 10,501 10,597 7,477 779 5,014 22, 480 1,714 1,250 6,525 651 284 785 15, 278 3,611 616 1,821 272 5,077 10,419 6,683 13,092 7,493 6, 868 6, 674 1,725 1,867 9, 847 9, 662 476 446 13,682, 14,311 1,161 1,140 190 186 3,203, 3,170 5, 290 5, 378 7,544 758 4,814 22, 512 1,673 1,189 6,297 637 296 767 15, 177 3,648 616 1,810 280 6,033 10,641 6,401 12,716 7,502 6,534 1,463 9,267 424 13,971 1,122 169 3,055 5,358 563 456 80 9,982 10, 679 7,793 767 4,758 22, 927 1,670 1,272 6,468 616 280 772 15,014 3, 546 630 1,870 278 5,214 10, 741 7,001 12,682 7,571 6,434 1,667 9,678 426 14, 485 1,100 186 3,157 5,491 585 4.53 79 10, 315 10, 669 8,051 746 4,962 23, 673 1,850 1,212 6,835 644 270 16,056 3,627 732 1,903 290 5,452 10,867 7,697 12, 627 7,565 6,410 1,718 9,897 421 14, 869 1,031 174 3,159 6,555 676 467 78 10, 679 10, 878 8,285 725 5,088 24, 219 1,930 1,244 7,142 636 797 16, 795 3,684 746 1,895 306 5,588 10, 945 8,083 12, 954 7,493 6,345 1,682 10, 136 420 13,053 572 456 88 10, 821 11,361 8,456 790 5,291 23, 726 1,968 1,237 7,176 639 290 792 16, 996 3,779 738 1,892 314 5,1 10,857 8,176 12,872 6,413 1,602 10, 170 428 11, 466 878 828 173] 176 3, 2281 3, 221 5, 5771 5,595 540 463 101 10, 715 11,613 8,556 824 5,281 22, 480 1,918 1,219 7,114 644 294 16,905 3,802 714 1,! 314 6,320 10,917 8,153 13,051 7,767 6,525 1,686 10, 223 423 11, 007 S70 179 3,178 5,514 606 280 2,066 10 2, 003 287 285 2,103 10 2,014 283 I 13, l,244l 715 3| 121 6,183 643 15 1,185 717 3 127 6,992 642 1,8371 17l 863' 2471 1, ml 1,872 17 914 250 1,097 9! 10 2,860 319 2,887 299 207 962 5,294 2 6 2,878 320 2,930 339 210 931 5,280 31,253 30,710 16 1,158 721 3 126 5, 774 641 1,887 17 929 257 1,072 2 6 2,849 324 3,274 368 213 947 5,258 516 .5.64 295 293 2,079 1,954 III 12 2,030 1,995 294 306 91 88 17 1,115 721 3 128 5,432 629 1,876 17 959 264 2 2 2,712 312 3, 348 212 932 5,156 GENERAL TABLES. 55 AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. Group 9.— CliAV, UliASS, AN» STONE PKODUCTS— Continued. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS EMPLOYED DURING EACH MONTH— Continued. Women 16 years and over— Continued Children under 16 years. May. June. July. Au- gust. Septem- ber. October. Novem- ber. Decem- ber. Janu- ary. Febru- ary. March. April. May. June. July. Au- gust. Sep- tem- ber. Octo- ber. No- vem- ber. De- cem- ber. 11,213 10,873 8,383 9,421 11,308 11,676 11,773 11,418 8,788 9,119 9,608 10,462 11,264 11,116 6,231 6,583 10,184 10,611 9,983 9,706 1 2 307 31 8 2 346 20 11 2 576 40 11 2 1,328 52 9 2 2,094 57 8 6 2,314 57 8 6 2,375 60 7 6 2,292 61 8 2 2,063 68 8 2 1,643 64 10 2 778 53 10 2 471 61 10 1 53 11 133 58 8 127 57 7 109 112 52 7 125 35 8 133 28 8 139 16 9 130 3 4 6 6 11 3,737 926 11 3,541 908 11 1,764 817 11 2,044 885 11 3,701 948 11 4,012 955 11 • 4,057 976 11 3,914 985 1 7,446 248 1 8 2 1 33 1 7,067 249 2 8 2 1 32 2 2,146 243 2 4 2 1 29 2 2,663 242 3 4 1 1 32 2 6,373 266 1 4 1 1 38 2 7,327 257 1 4 1 7,453 263 1 4 1 7,496 246 4 7 7,089 233 7,372 233 7,418 240 7,470 254 1 8 2 1 37 8 9 10 48 6 34 4 36 7 38 4 35 6 36 4 38 5 41 4 27 6 38 7 28 6 36 7 39 7 34 7 39 6 32 7 11 2 1 ■ 34 ^'> 1 36 2 32 2 31 13 31 31 14 1"! 88 122 18 5,980 42 75 115 16 5,886 43 80 116 17 5,276 50 68 126 17 5,952 53 60 127 17 6,130 52 67 130 17 6,172 60 70 126 17 6,199 56 72 113 17 6,017 51 72 21 24 967 3 78 22 24 971 4 96 26 26 1,033 111 28 26 1,118 6 116 29 28 1,183 8 125 30 28 1,176 9 132 30 27 1,154 11 131 32 27 1,170 8 133 33 27 1,182 12 110 29 24 1,200 11 110 30 26 1,209 10 96 27 26 1,233 11 16 17 18 19 20 eronp 10.— METALiS AND METAI- PROIWCXS, OTHEK THAN I«ON ANB STEEIi— Continued. 30,871 30,970 30,276 30,631 31,986 32,711 32,550 31,975 3,622 3,701 3,679 3,749 3,998 4,106 4,075 4,132 3,944 3,924 3,884 3,747 1 29 60 29 59 29 69 29 57 29 69 29 62 29 66 29 64 3 6 3 6 2 10 ig 2 10 ■) 6 6 9 9 8 8 8 3 4 550 567 385 382 424 418 434 426 35 36 37 35 34 35 33 33 33 35 37 37 5 289 281 276 273 272 263 280 322 114 118 121 118 115 120 122 125 119 120 123 125 6 1,890 1,846 1,846 1,882 2,009 2,073 2,126 2,113 188 190 193 205 194 196 193 200 206 201 203 196 7 12 13 16 15 15 16 16 13 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 8 10 9 9 X 1,962 1,917 1,890 1,825 1,915 1,996 1,998 2,035 202 201 197 194 196 191 181 191 192 201 209 210 9 310 328 312 305 316 322 313 297 132 128 126 128 139 150 160 166 167 158 156 1,52 10 86 87 78 81 98 100 102 104 45 46 48 44 46 46 44 49 60 60 48 50 11 18 20 18 22 24 16 19 18 23 26 31 31 34 36 ,36 39 33 32 28 24 12 1,090 982 894 1,067 1,254 1,319 1,325 1,335 286 265 254 277 273 296 252 279 311 326 321 293 13 725 726 721 704 728 728 737 733 38 38 39 39 39 39 40 41 39 39 38 39 14 3 127 3 121 3 112 3 116 3 119 3 121 3 124 3 122 15 59 61 69 62 62 65 64 64 63 64 60 ' 61 16 6,328 6,602 5,467 5,345 5,891 6,208 6,165 6,143 456 451 4.37 432 423 432 438 443 469 483 468 468 17 626 633 599 607 623 3 1,871 658 3 1,870 662 3 1,868 669 3 1,849 65 60 56 53 52 62 51 54 48 48 47 48 18 19 1,860 1,855 1,852 1,823 260 246 241 238 241 236 251 251 248 240 237 237 20 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 21 974 956 956 993 1,067 1,118 1,169 1,078 83 95 101 98 101 90 93 99 100 100 101 91 22 262 256 249 267 271 266 273 269 48 60 54 67 66 59 6S 62 62 64 63 64 23 1,069 973 960 1,087 1,233 1,361 1,342 1,281 162 157 167 163 164 132 131 148 171 183 187 17E 24 7 2 2 8 2 7 2 7 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 ■'6 19 19 19 19 19 19 23 23 23 19 19 19 27 2 2,794 2 2,844 2 2,827 2 2,846 7 2,936 9 3,094 11 3,127 13 3,034 '8 765 778 760 733 904 898 897 921 781 787 807 785 29 317 325 326 323 324 329 321 325 10 11 11 12 14 13 13 7 8 9 11 la ,30 3,781 4,008 3,836 3,898 3,752 3,667 3,306 3,026 405 469 456 561 622 725 734 686 "597 526 483 419 31 367 361 367 354 302 252 242 237 67 75 89 92 90 qq 81 84 65 .54 57 59 32 202 193 178 186 189 186 193 195 1 2 3 2 2 ? 2 2 2 2 2 2 33 940 919 890 908 921 928 941 941 92 89 88 83 86 86 88 86 86 88 87 86 34 5,182 5,138 6, 113 5,216 6,304 6,383 5,342 6,274 25 26 26 22 22 22 22 21 21 21 19 19 36 56 MANUFACTURES. Table 3.— UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES Gronp 11 TOBACCO. INDUSTRY. Number ol estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWEB. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, snd implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number ol estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 16,828 $323,983,501 16,494,954 S16,795,321 $12,921,052 $287,772,174 554 29,178 Tobacco, chewing and 8nioking,and snufE. Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes. 2 433 16,395 178,847,566 146,136,946 2,040,974 4,453,980 7,871,103 8,924,218 6,255,770 6,666,282 162,679,709 125,092,465 229 325 22,316 6,862 Gronp 12 — VEHICliES FOK liAND TKAIVSPORXAXION. United States . Automobile bodies and parts. . . Automobiles Bicycles and tricycles Carriage and wagon materials. , Carriages and sleds, children's. , Carriages and wagons Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam railroad companies. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by street railroad companies. , Cars, steam railroad, not includmg oper- ations of railroad companies. Cars, street railroad, not including oper- ations of railroad companies. Wheelbarrows 7,285 57 121 101 632 78 4,956 1,141 $447,697,020 2,528,613 20,555,247| 5,883,458, 26,024,053 4,335,626] 126,320,604' 146,943,729; 12,905,853 88,179,047 12,975,703 1,045,087 $42,550,180 146,484 951,910 282,740 1,899,845 257,444 10,867,701 20,235,247 3,168,686 3,691,364 972,804 76,966 $103,371,386 212,749 5,720,760 1,115,039 4,101,035 841,250 23, 186, 108 51,803,620 5,836,686 11,581,648 1,823,271 149,319 $81,006,1 773,326 4,290,831 2,360,r- 6,151,644 721,621 11,785,633 38,735,146 2,151,221 11,860,405 1,912,299 273,979 $220,768,652 1,397,054 12,591,746 2,124,981 13,871,529 2,515,311 80,481,162 36,169,816 1,749,261 61,055,630 8,267,329 544,833 60 113 80 528 60 2,235 963 75 66 14 25 446,529 2,803 10,484 7,131 45,318 3,1 68,495 214,719 12,353 70,183 9,763 1,432 GENERAL TABLES. 57 AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. Group 11.— tobacco; Proprie- tors and firm mem- l)ers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNERS. Aggregate. Offlcersof corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Greatest niunber employed at any one time dur- ing the year. ijeast number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. W omen. Number. Salaries. Numljer. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 19,012 9,236 $8,800,434 695 $1,615,791 8,541 $7,184,643 7,357 $6,706,013 1,184 $479,630 193, 470 134,406 1 426 18,586 2,107 7,129 2,456,752 6,343,682 189 S06 530,555 1,085,236 1,918 6,623 1,926,197 5,258,446 1,745 5,612 1,852,946 4,852,067 173 1,011 73,251 406,379 29,494 163,982 19, 187 115,218 2 3 Group 12.— VEHlCIiJES FOK LiAND TRANSPOKTATION. 6,^2 24,632 $24,334,118 1,645 $3,643,329 22,987 $20,690,789 21,392 $19,967,166 1,595 $733,623 470,363 313,097 1 50 53 81 653 62 227 954 361 1,236 324 180, 834 1,076,425 350,798 1,341,978 341,305 37 114 31 285 60 60,814 286,557 76,216 513,882 106,945 190 840 330 951 264 120,020 789, 868 274, 582 828.096 234,360 147 661 275 755 207 103,263 703, 441 251,717 746,988 207,308 43 179 55 196 57 16,757 86, 427 22,865 81, 108 27,052 3,005 14,585 4,893 20,989 4,934 1,239 6,333 1,740 13,782 3,226 2 3 4 5 6 6,022 6,058 13,337 5,239,043 11,931,996 542,687 866 1,698,251 4,192 13,337 474 3,640,792 11,931,996 3,443 13, 135 3,306,893 11,829,974 749 202 333,899 102,022 74,698 272, 638 48,436 209,646 7 8 499 25 45,566 497, 121 468 493,923 6 3,198 12,676 9,477 9 6 2,303 2,854,690 177 794,739 2,126 2,059,951 2,052 2,016,874 74 43,077 56, 167 15,843 10 3 264 398,246 29 119,915 235 278,331 214 268,525 21 9,806 6,175 2,992 11 12 69 76, 116 21 40,444 48 35,672 35 28,260 13 7,412 703 483 12 58 MANUFACTURES. Table 3.— UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES Group 11.— TOBACCO— Continued. INDUSTRY. WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Kent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Aver- age num- ber. Wages. Aver- age num- ber. Wages. Aver- age num- ber. Wages. 1 United States 159,408 $62,640,303 85,691 542,410,703 66,301 $19,130,982 7,416 SI. 098. 618 $80,145,016 $2,712,198 $615,069 Tobacco, ctiewing and smoking, and snuff. . Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes 2 8 23,990 135,418 6,776,326 55,864,978 12,721 72,970 4,212,639 38,198,064 9,127 57,174 2,241,081 16,889,901 2,142 6,274 321,605 777,013 38,553,794 41,591,222 157,182 2,655,016 281,961 333,098 Group 13 VEHICIiES FOK LAND TKANSPOKTATION -Continued. United States. Automobile bodies and parts. . . Automobiles Bicycles and tricycles Carriage and wagon materials. . Carriages and sleds, children's. Carriages and wagons Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam railroad companies. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by street railroad companies. Cars, steam railroad, not including opera- tions of railroad companies. Cars, street railroad, not including opera- tions of railroad companies. Wheelbarrows 384,677 $221,860,517 1,810 10,239 3,319 17,160 4,003 60,722 236,900 11,052 34,058 4,730 584 178,950 971,403 484,450 782,984 878,229 188,336 012,798 247,821 839,679 295,959 381,283 1,741 10,196 3,298 16,532 3,658 59,411 236,304 11,009 33,896 4,667 571 $220,928,059 962,897 6,167,345 1,964,940 7,338,142 1,687,383 30,525,515 141,978,983 6,995,067 20,191,342 2,823,966 292,479 2,196 29 11 7 333 268 870 494 38 135 9 2 $708,904 8,797 3, 3,481 87,423 80,283 266,674 185,891 16,722 50,875 4,619 450 40 32 14 295 77 441 102 5 27 64 11 $223,664 8,314 7,916 2 ! — 68|885 15,318 86,040 23, 462 1,009 5,604 10,994 3,030 $29,107,649! 319,785 3,946,369: 574,666; 1,930,469 615,143| 10,182,614 4,821,710 418,276 5,198,831 980,970 118,827 $1,740,030 35,327 88,497 68, 453 104,007 33,703 1,144,392 111,347 4,296 147,675 7,300 5,133 .$2,108,668 8,207 77,625 29,963 129,683 26,899 703,762 711,592 115,302 261,059 32,877 11,709 GENERAL TABLES. 59 AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. Group 11.— TOBACCO— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— OOnt'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). 576,553,558 $264,201 $126, 088, 008 $124,600,239 8100,638,263 $23,961,976 $769,239 $143, 905 $55,530 $519, 695 $331,117,681 1 38,083,259 38,470,299 31,392 232,809 44,954.047 81,134,661 44,253,102 80,347,137 31,347,252 69,291,011 12,905,850 11,056,126 444,243 324,996 26, 144 117,761 37,937 17,593 192, 021 327,074 116,767,630 214,350,061 2 3 Group 12.- VEHICI^ES FOK 1.A1ND TRANSPOKTATION— Continued. $23, 768, 746 250, 321 2.745.601 408,044 1,631,207 560,731 8,150,715 3,946,043 285,483 4,758,748 940,793 101,060 $1,490,205 25,930 1,034,646 78. 195 65, 572 3,810 183,755' 52,728 13. 196 31, 449' 925 $334,244,377 1, 493. 227 11, 658; 138 2,628,146 16,312,683 2,840,462 61,215,228 151,140,250 5, 463, 360 75, 657, 126 5,341,444 494, 313 $319, 182, 403 1,417,4,35 11,117,309 2, 443, 893 15, 408, 988 2,714,665 58,675,823 143, 309, 587 5,260,727 73,304,762 5,068,073 471, 141 $2,827,342 $316,355,061 2,250 2, 494, 865 142, 650 30,000 1,415,186 11,117,309 2, 443, 893 12,914,123 2,572,015 58,676,823 143, 309, 587 5, 250, 727 73, 147, 186 5,068,073 441, 141 $8, 680, 243 30, 597 180, 092 85, 791 382, 386 48, 796 1,175,035 6,035,506 153,208 1,447,703 130, 767 10,363 $362,024 7,794 35, 387 19,712 20, 719 1,837 180, 470 74,216 10, 164 8,034 2,160 1,551 $3, 469, 480 17, 624 133, 589 42,884 218, 649 28, 067 225, 667 1, 499, 603 46, 931 206,068 34, 650 6,1 $2,500,227 19, 777 191,761 36, 866 281,942 47,097 958,233 221,438 3,340 690, 559 105,804 4,410 $643, 924, 442 3, 388, 472 26,645,064 6,163,240 30,5.36,873 6,370,911 125,332,976 309,863,499 13, 437, 121 111,175,310 10,844,196 1, 177, 780 60 MANUFAGTUEES. Table 3.— UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES Group 11.— TOBACCO— Continued. LNBUSTEY. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE-EAENEES EMPLOYED DUEING EACH MONTH. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Janu- ary. Febru- ary. March. April. May. June. July. Au- gust. Sep- tem- ber. Octo- ber. No- vem- ber. De- cem- ber. Janu- ary. Febru- ary. March. April. 1 United States 80,758 82,289 83,962 84,598 85,385 85,321 84,905 85,508 87,666 89,217 90,067 88,716 64,682 65,516 65,971 63,619 Tobacco, chewing and smoking, and snufi. Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes 2 11,450 69,308 12,312 69,977 12,776 71, 186 12.749 71 ; 849 13,042 72,343 13,217 72,104 12,606 72,299 12,763 72,755 13.179 74,387 12,943 76,274 13,070 76,997 12,555 76,161 8,184 66,398 8,786 56,730 9,128 56,843 9,289 54,330 Group 13.- VEmCL.ES FOK IiAND TKAN'SPO RXATION— Continued. United States. 380,580 Automobile bodies and parts. . . Automobiles Bicycles and tricycles Carriage and wagon materials. . Carriages and sleds, children's. Carriages and wagons Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam railroad companies. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by street railroad companies. Cars, steam railroad, not including oper- ations of railroad companies. Cars, street railroad, not including oper- ations of railroad companies. Wheelbarrows 382,261 1,561 9,133 4,075 16,666 3,514 239,096 10,720 33,009 5,313 595 392,085 392,304 64, 236, 11, 37, 5 224, 11, 37, 5, 369,132 377,079 380,883 1,662 8,264 2.578 16; 086 3,! 56,918 238, 178 11,206 34,646 4,171 564 389,853 1,721 8,776 3,047 16,461 3,970 65,191 242, 110 11,072 34,253 3,713 ,669 1,982 9,640 3,686 16,812 3,918 55,943 247, 159 10,642 36,132 3,359 580 2,324 38 325 301 492 38 175 11 2 2,402 37 10 6 343 319 985 494 38 167 11 2 2,420 36 12 6 339 310 1,012 497 38 157 11 2 2,414 36 13 9 350 295 1,005 497 40 158 9 2 GENERAL TABLES. 61 AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. Group 11.— TOBACCO— Continued. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE-EAKNEEa EMPLOYED DURING EACH MONTH— Continued. Women 16 years and over— Continued. Children under 16 years. May. June. July. Au- gust. Septem- October. Novem- ber. Decem- ber. Janu- ary. Febru- ary. Marcli. April. May. June. July. Au- gust. Sep- tem- ber. Octo- ber. No- vem- ber. De- cem- ber. 64,901 65,998 66,316 66,205 67,528 68,361 68,868 67,747 6,936 7,136 7,210 7,070 7,125 7,551 7,6(iO 7,764 7,733 7,623 7,690 7,494 1 • 9,505 55,396 9,671 56,327 9,003 57,313 9,184 57,021 9,441 58,087 9,069 59,292 9,242 59,626 9,022 58,725 1,825 5,111 2,007 5,129 2,118 5,092 2,180 4,890 2,309 4,816 2,410 5,141 2,247 5,413 2,208 6,566 2,216 5,518 2,090 6,533 2,098 5,592 1,997 5,497 2 3 Group 12.— VEHICliES FOR L.AND TRANSPORTATION-Continued. 2,341 2,265 2, OSS 1,986 1,895 1,953 2,062 2,202 1,052 1,072 1,088 1,114 1,145 1,191 1,118 1,127 1,076 1,060 1,059 1,074 1 30 26 28| 26 24 21 22 24 30 40 39 38 51 80 43 37 34 26 31 31 2 13 13 16 ^X 6 7 10 13 30 35 41 42 39 38 34 30 20 21 27 27 3 9 8 8 S 6 (■) 6 6 15 15 16 16 14 14 13 13 13 14 13 13 4 349 354 345 324 2Sli 327 329 325 281 294 301 301 320 314 292 299 294 285 280 279 6 248 235 205 212 227 254 295 315 69 66 62 65 68 73 78 84 85 90 91 93 6 979 942 833' 746 748 722 736 802 409 414 440 450 462 474 466 474 446 434 416 417 7 497 484 490 491 494 498 496 498 99 102 93 97 99 101 102 101 103 107 110 110 8 40 40 36' 38 39 36 36 37 4 5 5 5 5 6 5 6 6 6 5 5 9 165 152 iir' 118 56 73 122 170 36 23 15 25 26 25 24 24 22 24 34 47 10 9 9 s' 8 7 7 8 10 70 68 66 66 61 66 49 48 42 42 40 40 11 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 10 10 10 10 10 10 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 62 MANUFACTURES. Table 3.— UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES Uroap 13 SHIPBUILiDING. INDUSTET. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. 1 Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 1,097 $121,623,700 S21,879,S42 $22,733,279 $26,993 422 j;.'in.ni7.4.'i7 611 93,390 Shipbuilding, iron and steel ? 54 1,043 101,528,251 20,095,449 17,955,229 3,924,313 19, 592, 761 3,140,518 21,985,832 5,007,590 41,994,429 8,023,028 54 557 66, 186 27,204 3 Shipbuilding, wooden, including boat building. Group 14 miSCEIiliANEOUS INDUSTRIES. United States Agricultural Implements Ammunition Artificial feathers and flowers Artists' materials Belting and hose, rubber Boots and shoes, rubber Brooms and brushes Buttons Coke Combs Dairymen's, poulterers', and apiarists' supplies. Dentists' materials Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. Enameling and enameled goods Engravers' materials Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified. . Fire extinguishers, chemical Fireworks Foundry supplies Fur goods Furs, dressed Graphite and graphite refining Ilairwork Hat and cap materials Hats, straw House furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified. Ice, manufactured Instruments, professional and scientific. Ivory and bone work Japanning Jewelry and instrument cases Lapidary work Mattresses and spring beds Models and patterns, not including paper patterns. Mucilage and paste Musical instruments and materials, not specified. Musical instruments, organs Musical instruments, pianos Musical instruments, piano and organ materials. Optical goods Paving materials Pencils, lead Pens, fountain and stylographic , Phonographs and graphophones Photographic apparatus Photographic materials Pipes, tobacco Roofing materials Rubber and elastic goods Sand and emery paper and cloth Soda water apparatus Sporting goods Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified. Steam packmg Straw goods, not elsewhere specified Surgical appliances Toys and games Trunks and valises Umbrellas and canes Washing machines and clothes wringers . Whips Windmills Window shades and fixtures All other industries ^ 648 32 213 28 19 22 1,316 275 278 42 176 92 10 327 35 34 34 868 85 11 125 65 237 1,320 225 66 32 97 54 716 647 lU 181 94 249 101 307 224 37 152 143 106 6 180 161 373 204 92 58 S3 144 3 $974, 316, 671 196,740,700 12, 116, 996 2, 567, 648 876, 770 13,240,273 39,441,826 12,052,236 7,783,900 90,712,877 1,112,260 5,030,081 4,681,266 174,066,026 17,975.4.56 98,374 7,119, 337, 607 ■ 1,542,663 l,i)16,043 17,991," ' 1,296,141 478, 182 1, 131, 850 4,264,651 6,036,216 9,872,445 66,592,001 5,382,930 1,269,177 596, 696 1,437,835 2; 383, 862 14,513,608 2,895,827 2,430,311 3,743,469 7, 203, 878 49,649, 135 11, 628, 897 5, 380, 766 6,218,399 4,980;820 1,097,825 8,740,618 1,988,463 6,731,462 1,255,575 16, 926, 065 46, 297,. 537 l,205,r-' 3,414,676 4,249,182 6,928,962 12,263,102 122,012 6,383,203 4, 830, 761 11,018,937 8,9.51,442 2,951,641 3,367,957 6,837,150 6,976,748 398, .537 $63, 766, 621 12,648,660 354,940 73, 805 68, 500 576, 210 1,443,056 664, 061 308, 896 8, 374, 672 60,400 274, 067 210,900 8, 157, 833 1,211,322 5,250 175,053 7, 6,50 83, 250 213. 700 645, 900 109,875 64,925 108,500 117,920 271,602 564.244 8,855,242 354, 442 128, 183 54, 500 24, 200 16, 100 1,209,723 182, 250 100,300 97,402 293, 428 3,083,605 1, 159, 848 151,920 1,078,961 342, 418 46,000 260,000 72,516 218,924 31,160 2,779,973 1,815,659 99,000 120,907 164, 198 198,613 549,608 26,500 215,200 566. 701 684, 359 857, 576 305,067 110,302 394, .599 288, 759 44, 408 $126,312,841 26,547,160 1,076,688 80, 219 98, 832 1,412,016 4,000,377 1,331,143 838, 311 14,235,683 153,907 682, 556 558,865 19,902,369 3, 398, 463 7,200 581,834 11,900 259, 105 254, 693 363,060 285,099 110, 670 76,400 192, 774 • 657, 629 1, 469, 196 15, 429, 399 616, 576 162,040 98,973 63, 350 65, 500 2,239,437 242, 264 143, 442 318, 408 768, 104 5,375,990 1,868,768 684, 390 517, 206 841,214 72, 371 563, 779 254, 480 1,071,210 135, 428 1,774,694 5,780,658 237,390 145,392 458, 166 714,316 1,2,54,879 39, 424 624, 438 892, 937 1,017,833 1,009,294 473,975 342,695 814,031 628, 266 226,330 $225,846,343 26,036,717 3,033,062 328, 775 218,901 2,321,476 4, 128, 552 1,772,163 2, 128, 823 69, 566. 330 204; 780 901,217 , 919,023 28, 787, 956 6, 709, 134 13,073 1,706,399 64, 191 213, 523 237, 772 720, 638 212,801 133, 893 35, 934 664,888 1,072,800 1, 781, 734 36,4,51,321 1,393,306 242,942 291,393 352, 694 130,096 2, 654, 132 958, 426 258,082 693, 193 663, 862 3,032,643 1,766,829 1,632,441 1,169,986 810, 402 138, 330 1,361,545 638,414 1,617,385 227, 846 3,831,198 8,850,316 271,725 651,001 873,215 1,518,671 2,294,120 26, 804 1,116,; 936,056 1,144,769 1,890,814 500, 197 430,852 1,251,696 1,056,811 2,000 $558,390,766 I 131,608,183 7, 652, 406 2,084,849 489, 637 8,930,672 29,869,842 8,294,879 4, 507, 870 8, 636, 192 693, 173 3,272,241 2,992,478 117,217,878 7,656,537 72, 851 4, 656, 610 253.966 986; 775 809,878 16, 262, 381 688, 366 168, 694 911,016 3,289,069 4, 134, 185 6,067,272 5,856,039 3,018,606 736,012 150, 829 997, 591 2,183,166 8, 410, 316 1,512,5" 1,928,487 2, 634, 466 38, ISO, 897 6,843,452 3,012,015 2, 452, 247 2,986,786 841,124 6, 655, 294 1,023,053 2,923,943 861,161 8,639,200 29,851,004 597,749 2,497,376 2,763,614 4, 497, 362 8, 154, 498 29,284 3, 427, 167 2, 435, 067 8,171,976 5,193,768 1,672,402 2, 484, 208 3, 376, 824 4, 002, 912 126, 799 8, 163 838, 498 689' 19, 21| 19! 19 22 556 236, 197i 37; 710 66 175 15 3ll 143, 12 54! 61 1 147, 1,277: 167i 68 10 59! 46 459; 436 • 67| 92 73 176 44 7 26 13 33 60 52 210 188 33 106 90 87 3 164 127 60 43 48 64 1 106,623 7,533 184 568 12,405 27,236 6,645 7,093 75,991 1, 4,516 1,417 145,816 9,441 135 3,555 140 347 3,621 1,994 1,263 922 62 2,279 2,749 195, 171 2,341 1,262 262 361 679 13,648 4, 1,645 1,631 4,454 19,2,80 9,553 4,086 6,016 2,997 272 2,812 1,406 4,700 1,068 23,405 55,881 1,195 2,041 3,019 4,527 9,096 447 3,089 4, 5,276 2,722 3,822 1,068 3,874 2,812 625 I 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Pulp, from fiber other than wood, 1; whalebone cutting, 2. GENERAL TABLES. 63 AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. Group 13.— SHIPBUIIiBIIVG. I Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. 1,190 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. 1 WAGE-EARNERS. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 2,480 83,339,741 233 $809, 159 2,247 $2,530,582 2,109 $2,453,395 138 $77, 187 72,183 34,277 1 18 1,172 1,770 710 1 2,544,297 796, 444 96 137 567,045 242,114 1,674 573 1,977,252 553,330 1,592 617 1,920,797 532,698 82 56 66, 455 20,732 48,303 23,880 26.117 8,160 2 3 Group 14 iniSCELiLiAIVIilOUS INDUSTRIES. 11,445 47,406 $50,655,229 5,601 812,802,380 41,806 $37,862,849 34,212 $34,063,987 7,693 33,788,862 487,778 309,920 1 496 24 289 30 7,199 389 281 68 512 7,672,646 691,602 231,836 67, 199 807,648 607 47 3 12 40 1,481,818 172, 160 , 8, 100 29,624 263,645 6,592 342 278 56 472 6,090,828 419,442 223,736 37, 575 554,003 5,889 299 191 30 376 5,767,189 396,432 169,104 24,603 494, 472 703 43 87 26 96 323,639 23,010 54,632 12,972 59,531 62,979 8,365 6,081 364 4,273 29,613 6,188 2,640 259 3,191 2 3 4 5 2 1,551 302 73 68 822 982 768 1,386 81 874,001 924, 795 711,473 1,247, .502 86,004 49 145 102 187 14 186,096 245,095 209, 101 309,011 20, 166 773 837 666 1,199 67 687,905 679,700 602,372 938,491 65, 848 574 672 499 1,164 62 598, 108 602,405 427,333 918, 195 59,664 199 166 167 46 15 89,797 77,296 75,039 20, 296 6,184 20,789 13,669 13,834 24,652 2,204 16,033 9,912 8,416 16,365 1,492 7 8 9 10 11 165 500 359,190 80 107,073 420 262, 117 283 200,694 137 51,423 3,728 1,863 12 79 400 290 10,619 334, 133 11,090,886 28 793 56,420 2,104,654 262 9,826 278,713 8,986,331 203 8,140 249,871 8,058,540 69 1,686 28,842 927,791 2,113 78,360 1,720 51,890 13 14 68 13 663 6 773,824 10,920 862,788 58,735 140,-567 73,309 1,228,765 68 3 220,816 6,240 505 3 553,008 4,680 412 3 .506,077 4,680 93 47,931 10,875 53 7,558 46 16 16 351 23 26 22 1,246 892 66 132 77 1,172 105 20 26 17 62 222,617 26,611 48,837 26, 752 162, 180 787 46 106 60 1,110 640,171 33,224 91,730 46,667 1,066,685 491 34 93 41 874 465,646 27, 137 83,167 39,240 931,965 296 12 13 19 236 174,625 6,087 8,573 7,317 134,620 8,630 222 2,069 378 12,804 4,983 148 928 286 6,413 17 18 19 20 21 109 6 148 87 79 110 33 126 114 438 109, 756 30,510 97,799 126,972 486,541 7 9 5 22 51 20,000 13,700 7,800 32,220 134,350 103 24 121 92 387 89,756 16,810 89,999 94,752 352, )91 83 13 58 86 289 79, 722 13,530 50,864 91,386 297,545 20 11 63 6 98 10,034 3,280 39, 136 3,366 54,646 1,.503 236 966 2,764 8,049 698 202 766 2,120 1,976 22 23 24 25 26 234 j 643 581, 757 99 240,463 444 341,294 307 279,665 137 61,639 5,922 3,903 27 746 200 74 31 ' 2,332 .508 93 32 2,001,111 532,487 87,784 40,663 695 89 20 9 661,616 188,265 22,424 20,719 1,637 419 73 23 1,339,495 344,222 65,360 19,934 1,514 330 61 19 1,291,381 303,>)58 55,204 18,518 123 89 22 4 48,114 40,664 10, 156 1,416 15,841 3.887 2,170 540 7,110 2,993 1,462 318 28 29 30 31 126 72 757 666 121 102 1,264 242 107, 104 109,053 1,262,711 238,379 16 8 187 39 21,882 18, 150 348,786 67,617 106 94 1,067 203 85,222 90,903 903,926 170, 762 81 75 834 157 74,712 83,661 793, 437 163,736 24 19 233 46 10,510 7,342 110,489 17,027 1,869 692 12,941 3,871 1,470 418 8,849 2,105 32 33 34 35 100 158 165,998 26 61,446 132 114.553 83 90,225 49 24,328 579 431 36 190 225 251,766 43 73,807 182 177,959 128 156, 167 54 21,792 2,593 1,684 37 87 137 79 323 2,068 331 372,362 2,846,685 608,883 51 297 80 119,996 1,020,923 215,521 272 1,771 261 252,366 1,825,762 293,362 206 1,498 224 218,638 1,690,476 279,060 66 273 27 33,82« 135,287 14,302 4,111 24, 249 9,368 3,112 18,018 7,280 38 39 40 96 316 427,072 65 162,996 251 264,076 134 206,735 117 .n7,341 4,680 4,018 41 30 3 22 157 283 190 .537 317 197, 177 396,027 165,967 666, 489 278,420 26 16 . 25 32 31 65,950 86,764 46,400 218,329 65,960 132 267 166 605 286 141,227 309,263 109,667 448, 160 212,460 117 227 92 427 203 132,449 288,661 78,306 411,216 176,532 15 40 73 78 83 8,778 20,602 31,261 36,944 36.928 3.204 3,184 708 4,189 2,009 1,137 2,992 539 2,547 1,499 42 43 44 46 46 62 82 314 103 11 838 82 1,029 2,364 40 830,287 80,570 1,162,057 2,857,263 77,712 77 8 •161 250 2 202,190 11,400 335,332 812,731 3,000 761 74 878 2,114 38 628,097 69, 170 826,725 2,044,532 74,712 588 60 722 1,696 34 553,345 63,343 746, 569 1,836,132 72, 372 173 14 166 418 4 74,752 5,827 80,156 208,400 2,340 2,446 2.216 10,689 24,666 331 1,768 1,748 7,446 18,073 271 47 48 49 60 61 27 136 115 56 3 333 361 686 460 5 295,703 318,796 760,737 694, 451 3,328 29 51 98 99 1 83,726 89,868 242,710 247,313 1,248 304 310 687 351 4 211,977 228,937 608,027 347, 138 2,080 218 225 437 292 3 169,289 188,050 443, 161 321, 154 1,680 86 86 160 69 1 42,688 40, 887 64,866 26,984 400 2,037 5,328 5,222 3,320 176 976 3,164 3,650 2,303 50 62 63 54 56 66 179 133 406 242 68 492 329 961 527 171 605,750 366,376 1,010,971 473,878 148, 199 59 64 129 63 26 122,409 128,943 270,046 93,443 44,251 433 265 832 474 146 383,341 237,433 740, 926 380,435 103,948 313 212 721 372 105 323,289 214,863 689,598 334,796 88,378 120 53 111 102 40 60,052 22,570 61,328 45, 639 15,570 3,123 5,925 ■ 10,487 6,326 1,941 2,568 2,979 7,660 4,399 1,304 57 58 59 60 61 43 25 132 2 174 387 409 11 183,882 392,236 479,806 5,943 43 52 64 73,783 88,060 141,050 131 335 346 11 110,099 304, 176 338,760 5,943 87 287 285 9 89,114 281,243 303,684 6,143 44 48 60 2 20,985 22,933 35,072 800 1,796 2,299 3,038 66 1,398 1,579 2,195 21 62 63 64 fi.5 64 MANUFACTURES. Table 3.— UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTKIES Group 1 3.— SHIPBUHiDKVG— Continued. INDUSTRY. WAGE-EARNERS AND "WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 10 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of worlcs. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Aver- age num- ber. Wages. Aver- age num- ber. Wages. Aver- age num- ber. Wages. 1 United States 50, 754 $29,241,087 49,915 829,067,884 65 I!28,451 774 $144,749 $5,255,506 $314,939 $325,580 Shipbuilding, iron and steel ? 36,742 14,012 20,809,908 8,431,179 35,941 13,974 20,647,475 8,420,409 44 21 21,552 6,902 757 17 140,881 3,868 3,767,620 1,487,886 111,695 203,244 229,874 95, 706 3 Sliipbuilding, wooden, including boat building. Group 14 — MXSCEL.L,AlVEOlIS INDUSTKIES— Continued. United States. Agricultural implements Ammunition Artificial feathers and flowers . Artists' materials Belting and hose, rubber Boots and shoes, rubber. Brooms and brushes Buttons Colce Combs „ Dairymen's, poulterers', and apiarists' supplies. Dentists' materials Electrical machinery, apparatus, supplies. Enameling and enameled goods Engravers' materials and Fancy articles; not elsewhere specified. Fire extinguishers, chemical Fireworks Foundry supplies Fur goods Furs, dressed Graphite and graphite refining. Hairwort Hat and cap materials Hats, straw House furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified. Ice, manufactured Instruments, professional and scientific.. Ivory and bone work Japanning Jewelry and instrument cases Lapidary work Mattresses and spring beds Models and patterns, not including paper patterns. Mucilage and paste Musical instruments and materials, not specified. Musical instruments, organs Musical instruments, pianos Musical instruments, piano and organ materials. Optical goods Paving materials Pencils, lead Pens, fountain and stylographic. Phonographs and graphophones. Photographic apparatus Photographic materials Pipes, tobacco Roofing materials Rubber and elastic goods Sand and emery paper and cloth. Soda water apparatus Sporting goods Stationery ^oods, not elsewhere specified. Steara packmg Straw goods, not elsewhere specified Surgical appliances .^ Toys and games Trunks and valises Umbrellas and canes Washing machines and clothes wringers. 02 1 Whips 63 1 Windmills 64 1 Window shades and fixtures. 65 '; All other industries 390,831 47,394 7,410 4,343 274 3,698 18,991 11,425 10,667 18,981 1,806 1,922 60,466 9,537 49 0,624 178 1, 315 9,370 1,105 218 863 2,414 5,567 4,778 10,101 3,437 1, 426 1,676 507 10,427 2,780 470 2,139 3,623 21,002 8,456 4,330 1,919 3,065 624 3,397 1,751 2,061 1,947 8,S19 21,184 305 1,469 4,260 4,295 2,734 2,811 4,330 9,091 6,: 1,622 1,554 1,929 2,024 45 $187,514,312 26,002,650' 4,032,310, 1,390, 817( 136,658i 1,804,992 8,866,806 4,380,220 3,680,196 9,304,498 757,667 1,167,343 949,204 31,841,521 3,642,322 31,062 2,546,098 107,540 535,508 156,401 6,122,782 754,988 107,810 334,778 848,751 2,433,974 1,879,869 6,549,162 1,823,205 777,463 187,736 623,887 666,627 4,815,907 1,788,184 237,349 1,162,068 2,034,569 12,170,261 4,322,268 1,923,225 952,884 1,059,076 307,688 1,683,903 872,963 923,252 830,801 4,007,669 9,412,368 182,518 834,706 1,641,486 1,499,803 1,273,144 42,259 1,154,563 1,614,706 4,139,034 1,826,043 684,252 603,203 968,850 1,086,232 19,2r34 303,957 46,631 4,836 604 188 3,288 10,985 7,923 5,188 18,915 1,484 2,310 1,222 48,976 7,120 49 3,495 175 794 300 6,474 1,044 214 149 1,576 1,992 2,668 10,029 2,989 1,406 302 794 492 8,286 2,663 376 1,890 3,603 20,253 7, .506 2,948 1,919 1,282 502 3,025 1,473 1,185 1,687 8,651 13,863 272 1,3.',4 2,281 2,167 2,. 502 44 1,216 3,006 8,009 2,147 1,504 1,054 1,929 1,853 45 $161,616,008 24,777,846 3,246,632 316,604 114,287 1,682,480 5,762,636 3,646,946 2,369,596 9,290,216 659,715 1,106,643 756,909 28,316,772 3,004,261 31,062 1,723,635 106,732 361,554 152,638 3,614,825 733,474 106,974 89,725 638,872 1,175,616 1,265,930 5,538,163 1,707,519 681,602 146,418 414,124 651,904 4,129,573 1,710,644 212,346 1,993,647 11,966,149 4,075,807 1,570,793 952,884 002,902 271,523 1,, 504, 625 787,071 664,275 768,662 3,973,752 7,110,066 174,800 800,935 1,141,666 976,034 1,208,190 27,784 689,271 1,277,990 3,862,972 947,215 663,853 464,678 968,850 876,846 19,264 79,398 $24,500,260 579 2,522 3,545 76 332 7,450 3,054 5,024 279 257 607 10,902 3,920 3 620 13 3,852 52 4 700 800 3,531 1,981 18 389 284 117 860 9 1,983 193 81 191 656 1,098 1,607 110 364 250 836 226 10 6,950 28 111 1,766 1,910 207 39 1,546 999 841 2,986 7 442 ""692 191,308 775,367 1,049,902 20,584 107, 172 3,001,309 652,227 1,256,375 89,216 64,160 174,028 3,410,081 656,393 790,927 808 162,188 3,556 1,599,491 19,649 836 243,131 202,601 1,252,119 590,347 3,978 105,588 76,416 39,5.57 206,799 3,396 666,453 70,350 22,033 60,612 38,998 156,912 197,926 305,729 420,641 33,358 117,859 80,350 250,995 56,913 2,326 2,204,258 6,704 33,051 464,526 493,465 59,604 14,475 455,556 280,583 229, 121 830, 143 2,410 125,161 'i93,'246 184 • 52 194 10 78 656 448 356 66 43 41 93 688 14 38 44 129 64 59 79 7 158 34 13 68 12 280 234 284 176 12 41 36 168 371 5 4 213 212 25 49 325 241 253 111 58 $1,398,044 33,496 10,311 31,311 1,787 15,340 112,961 81,047 64,226 14,282 8,726 6,640 18,267 114,668 82,668 30,636 11,766 307 8,466 1,922 7,278 23,592 7,021 10,098 19,445 1,761 3,964 1,327 30,881 7,190 2,970 11,512 1,914 57,190 48,536 46,703 35,533 2,807 1,419 5,542 7,982 5,226 31,. 591 98,0.54 1,014 719 35,295 30,304 5,350 $101,198,364 9,736 56,133 46,941 48,6851 17,989 13,364 16,147 15,178,098 2,963,030 470,200, 118,945 1,571,691 3,215,373 1,700,016 1,012,762 4,891,130 160,202 762,520 321,387 17,948,708 1,326,382 13,208 1,807,873 99,017 171,682 93,397 3,169,718 206,363 39,484 271,548 343,780 817,362 1,362,446 4,014,861 652,781 213,272 60,751 203,675 125,626 3,678,588 434,994 343,764 426,823 818,276 5,632,420 787,475 493,276 860,070 312,372 1,653,762 471,592 1,644,790 183,800 1,787,079 6,516,272 116,216 377,770 ,572,689 1,611,551 822,367 .33,086 1,248,387 659,543 1,782,569 1,207,932 357,158 660,963 493,494 738,274 14,006 $6,822,245 81,113 12,827 180,368 17,434 24,100 10,875 216,635 124, 103 64,287 21,830 36,276 75,936 789,349 20,006 3,886 200,601 12,776 11,191 7,310 781,371 42,579 9,305 99,061 83,707 138, 164 112,937 246,762 115,648 . 27,756 11,186 63,084 34,713 389,060 163,662 38,783 74,903 54,524 469,576 79,623 81,311 26,063 10,910 26,329 23,089 29,864 79,637 37,430 134,510 176,836 12,183 101,054 69,545 114,509 66,143 1,824 95, 127 57,285 374,272 204,995 17,288 23,279 18,294 90,391 2,900 $3,864,956 714,836 50,434 2,447 2,442 39,348 153,715 67,627 25,784 451,082 4,279 17,869 9,831 545,488 67,163 464 42,512 643 6,299 6,644 41,913 6,959 2,522 5,655 7,617 19,749 30,904 465,570 16,762 5,4.56 2,856 3,185 1,883 86,278 10,849 6,382 20,816 192,692 68,200 29,532 21,451 21,618 3,813 7,948 11,726 22,697 1,964 57,072 238,253 3,090 10,625 15,542 20,883 16,464 1,103 14,741 24,687 48,991 18,223 10,041 16,360 27,573 23,431 1,530 GENERAL TABLES. G5 AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. Group 13 — SHIPBUILDINti -Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent of oflices, interest, etc. Contract work. $3,940,569 S074,41S 3,144,279 796,290 2S1.772 392, Wli' COST OF MATERIALS USED. Aggregate. $88, 136, 123 ,375,040 14,248,729 2,S7,S.7Ba 259, 262 99,069 . I,.:i06, 72S 3, 045, 651 1 1,221,970| 832,237j 4,373,671 134,093'. 571,316 227,995 16,347,461 S,858 . 1,422,140 76,098 1.55,092 79,443 - 1,877,947 156, 125 27, 257 1.56,972 237, 7.88 631,574 1,148,393 3,280,087 4.58,358 179,660 36, 7(J9 . 134, 4.56 88,830 2,191,3.50 231, 164 295, 903 724, 899 4,575,963 620, 999 382,333: 419, 661 ' 827, 542 . 279,230. 1,618, 4&5i 430,012'. 1,436, .5.56' 144,416 . 1,577,926 6,031,642 100, 943 265, 791 463, 420 1,349,980 736, 339 30, 159 1,118,781 427, 691 1,350,961 1,060,139 293,669 619,680 446,9.52 615,188 9,576 133,420 21,000 28,133 I 1,51,5 5, 132 203, 7S4 30,638 2,090 7,625 266,410 142, 720 9,500,' 100 : 468,487, 700' 400' 9,960 14,668 27,865 70,212 22 4-' 2 401) 2, 950 200 12,910 29,319 2,686 1,042 18,038! 294, 189 28, 653 100 2, 673 3,000 4,240 5,900 17,571 69, 541 .300 24,082 26,179 3,421 19, 738 49, 880; 8,335 14,5751 36, 160 1,644 675; 9,264 27,601,824 9,861,355 $460,205, .501 48,281,406 10.600,929 2,014,3.S0 6,S7,2N3 9,0.^9,7.86 32,000,464 10,998,946 4,144,446 29,8,84, .532 1,329,627 3,203,451 I 5,. 509, 471 66,. 8:36, 926 7,lo2,090| 95,,Si87 II 4,826,719:; 229,003' 769, 235 624,812 21,204,391 1,641,950 117,300 727, 6,8.8 4,216,906 5,. 509, .567 9,626,5191; 6,011,325 1,3.50,1,53 1,:!.80,.597 242, 238 ,842,988 6,223,675 15,:i'25,931 922,081 2, 300, 625! I 1,129,9:J9 2,068,6381 19,587,770l 6,330,219; 2,319,949 2, 665, 987 1,803, ,5:54 892, 206 4, 161, km' 785,817| 3, .375, 713 1,. 354, 348 10,842,:»7 38, 912, -226 1,054,005 1,923,835 2,963,1:38 3,920,421 3,896,317 54,989 2,729,271 2,289,439, 9, 107, 785' 8, 250, 246 2,213,390 1,253,118 2,307,579 5,946,478 141,774 Principal materials. PurcliascMl in raw stall'. Purcliased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials "). $35,778,016 S;!5, 26,242,7,83 9,. 535, 233 6,020 26,242,783 9,5-29,207 Fuel, Rent of power and heat. $1,128,413 Mill sup- plies. 8289,991 965,548 29,813 237,474 162,865 30,729 52,517 Freight. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. S206.217 126, 2061 80,011! Oroup 14.— IMlSt'ELLANEOUN INDUSTKIKS— Continued. 8438,474,773 8102,672,787 8:3:35,801,9 45, 148, '231 10,249,745' 1,995,910 661,606 8,729,025 31,342,715 10,668,1441 3,901,3131 29,2:32,1221 1,2.80,701 3,089, 185J 5,461,458| 63, 607, .534; 6,667,706' 92,292j 4,676,065 220,961 745,865 584, 739 21,092,:328 1,596,767 82,083, 717,306 4,098,692 5,:3.58, 1.53 9,351,364 1,1,58,463 1,275,. 578 1,322,878 224,992 821 , 1 46 6, 207, 698 14,901,908 837,242 2,247,781 1,070,425 1,9,50,0,55 19,095,260 6,066,1.58 2, 228, .537 2,396,134 1,683,682 880, 648 3, 937, 822 745, 383 3,238,263; 1,319,:):30! 10,322,743 37,513,731 990, 268 1,8,53,, 500 2,879,051 3, 79:i, 215 3,447,8:35 49,317 2,627,4:52 2, 1.84,922 8,902,728 8,151,629 2,141,078 1,206,0.89 2,162,674 5,848,105 i:i9, 133 97,348 78, 705 367,217 25 3,877,794 19, .5,56, 434 6,686,305 1,, 551, 423 28,360,121 297,, 5.55 76,9.82 963, 132 1 , 665, 695 121,157 :300 1,700 318,148 4,411,740 1,241,299' 73,052 . 518, .562 1,727,:5:35 114,443; 1,094,775^ 213,411; 4,931 758, 191 5,7,50,613; 1,, 550, 029; 3,350, 949,0.53 1,924' 1,. 5.55, 228 201,493 33,242 428 488,033 509,979 14,076,260 110,221 95,475 40,714 73,065 753,225 0,6.80 502, 451 16, 652 i 29, 822; 460, 825; 212,006 251 1,, 500; 105, 444I $13,098,214 31,596,387 82,812,2.83 .54, 223,844]!, 45, 050, 883 10,171,040 1,628,693 661,. 581 4,851,231 11,786,281 3,981,839 2, 349, 890 872, 001 983, 146 3,012,203 4,498,326' 61,941,839 6,546,549 91,992 4,. 503, 6,58; 220,961; 744, 1651 266, ,591; 16, 680,. 588 I 355, 468 9,031 198, 744 2,371,:357 5, 243, 710, 8,2,56,589' 945,052' 1,270,647 564, hS7 224,992 ,821,146 456, 995 13,351,879 833,892 1, Si:;, 263 1,062,020 1,9,50,0,55 19, 095, -260, 5,117,105; 2,226,613' ,840,906 1,4,82, 189 847,406 3,934,8,57, 745, 383, 3, , 835 831,297 9,812,764 23,437,471 880,047; 1,7,58,025 2,8:f8,:«7, 3,720,1,50' 2,694,610 42,637 2,125,001 2,168,270 8,902,728 8,021,807 1,680,2,53 994,0,83 2, 162, 674 6,, 597, 605 :33,689 1,756,298 131,668 8,580 ' 8,531 2:)5,373 485,312 87,013 94,978 336, 499 18,361 35,007 :35,094 1,, 503, 111 431,i:i4 846 55,963' 1,518 12,177 22,007 31,819 27,079 25, 365 . 2,977 43,325 85,6:32 74,873 4,365,316 37,513 21,039' 11,672; 5, 333' 2, llOl 140,911 25, 566 22,986J 22, ,801 66, 784: 304,217' 142,0:30 52, 056 172,136 ,58, 529 4,083 29,520' 22, 127| 7 1,, 565' i3,ogoi 344,602 876,0,82 18,9,83 12,978 ,56,288 57, 156: 2,405'. 46, 872 2,376 4,692 11,435 29,126 10,843 41,332 40, 688 1,733 10, 698 10,953 4,925 479,091 7,921 2, 446 31,123' 5,341 2,514 3,540 37,514 9,6:30 '4,710 24, 305 10, 738 549 12,:327' 12, 390' 104,224. 48,220; 8, 205' 9,970, 41,896' 38, 276' 18,742 4,000 1,273 5, 423 22,341 7,210' 30,, 802 9, 400 14,543 ,50,, 569 8, 336 30,294 6,33) 30,978 17, 488 38,912 27,211 237, 136 8, 862 3,160 58,022 20, 156 53,351 5, 097 68,525 23, 892 35,361 23,274 31,4,57 1,.503 2, ,1/1.' 12, 782 485, 453 18, 870 858 3,2,80 46,676 59, 240 18,001 46, 456 274,999' 13, 905 13,993 6,751 623,:394 33,, 330 165 28,164' 7:39 1,047 4,316 8,, 595, 2,336' 6,181 283 6,124 15, 369 I 50, 3621 328, 794! 9,478; 4,625 807. 1,473 1,267 28,808: 7, 154 4.441 8.019 10,997 03,. 524 15.664 6,, 804 22,0,54 43.670 1,902 61 , 433 5,139 7,786 5,921 48, 137 173,897 17,979 11,899 16,515 11,089 28,216 119 7,156 15,555 10,573 18,483 12,803 4,402 20,076 6,. 501; 236. 844,. 552; 198, 270 4,:340 2,431 49,. 586 102, :354 183,. 8,56 61,011' 39, 179 5, 962 54,313 l,243j 623, 796 1 11,999 138 35, 404 444 7,632 10,210 34, 135, 6, 1:38' 3,671 2,412 44,460 39,675, 121,167J, 81,175 5,204 22, 800 4,218 2, 709 :300 150,0.80 3, .899 17.212 9, 787 30, 832 82,873 68,091 13,810 71,663 16,:3,80 150 110,020 5,958 27,297 6,607 112,282 297, 947 19,039 21,811 19,106;! 49,994 174, 268 2, 393 16,485: 30,514! 102,067; 21,499; 26,549, 22,544 65,969 21,93411 ,SS2,769,: 58,433,314; 2 24,335,925: 3 8941,604,873 1 112,007,344 19,930,821 5,246,822 1,139,353 14,954,186 70,065,296 21,103,776 11,133,769 61,728,647 2, 769, 380 6,545,008 12 7,809,602 13 140,809,369 14 15,709,282 170,710 11,961,513 17 581,970 18 1,986,790, 19 1,0.58,834; 20 37,123,129 21 3,215,701: 22 342,379 23 1,782,491 24 6,440,108 25 10,356,690 26 15,010,628 27 23,790,045 28 5,377,755, 29 2,863,602 30 607,060 31 2,291,648 32 7,646,814 33 27,755,288 34 4,545,004 35 3,656,423 36 3,481,710 37 6,041,844 38 46,922,471 39 13,128,315 40 6,116,910 41 5,033,086 4,425,896 2,082,005 10,237,075 3,479,317 9,543,980 2, 834, 496 19,. 870,953 62,995,909 1,477,003 4,634,265 7,032,224 8,867,457 8,951,705 186,383 6,385,293 5,577,693 18,643,580 13,296,046 3,838,624 3,147,328 4,795,048 8,930,630 230, 390 MFG — FT 1 — 07- 66 MANUFACTURES. Table 3.— UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES (ironp 1 3 SHIPBUIIiDING— Continued. INDUSTRY. AVERAGE NUMBER OF "WAGE-EARNERS EMPLOYED DURING EACH MONTH. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Janu- ary. Febru- ary. Marcli. April. May. June. : July. 1 Au- gust. Sep- tem- ber. Octo- ber. No- vem- ber. 48, 157 De- cem- ber. Janu- ary. Febru- ary. Marcli. April. 1 United States 46,689 46,995 49, 188 63, 131 53, 110 62,752 51,241 50, 726 50,326 49, 366 47,299 59 60 59 72 ■> 35, 793 10,896 35, 443 11,552 35,928 13,260 37, 455 15,676 36,264 16,846 36,033 16,719 35,491 15,750 35,508 15,218 35, 674 14,652 35,903 13,463 35,862 12,295 35,938 11,361 43 16 44 16 43 16 47 26 3 Shipbuilding, wooden, including boat building. Group 14.— JWISCELIiANEOtlS INDUSTKIES— Continued. United States Agricultural implements Ammunition Artificial feathers and flowers Artists' materials Belting and hose, rubber Boots and shoes, rubber Brooms and brushes Buttons Coke Combs Dairymen's, poulterers', and apiarists' supplies. Dentists' materials Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. Enameling and enameled goods Engravers' materials Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified . . , Fire extinguishers, chemical : — Fireworks Foundry supphes Fur goods Furs, dressed Graphite and graphite refining Hairwork Hat and cap materials Hats, straw House furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified. Ice. manufactured Instruments, professional and scientific. , Ivory and bone work Japanning Jewelry and instrument cases Lapidary work Mattresses and spring beds Models and patterns, not including paper patterns. Mucilage and paste Musical instruments and materials, not specified. Musical instruments, organs Musical instruments, pianos Musical instruments, piano and organ materials. Optical goods Paving materials Pencils, lead Pens, fountain and stylographic Phonographs and graphophones Photographic apparatus Photographic materials j — Pipes, tobacco Roofing materials Rubber and elastic goods Sand and emery paper and cloth Soda water apparatus Sporting goods Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified Steam packing Straw goods, not elsewhere specified Surgical appliances Toys and games Trunks and valises Umbrellas and canes Washing machines and clothes wringers Whips Windmills Window shades and fixtures , All other industries 298, 729],302, 471 1 ,309,036 309,974 1 ' t 307, 893 304, 104 294, 564 296, 700,302, 106 306,957 306,762 309, 188 79,336 80,062 . 81,644 80,651 61,543 4,445 652 189 3,365 53,639 4,532 659 191 3,202 53,836 4,777 719 192 3,476 51,648 4,994 721 174 3,492 48, 431 5,041 696 170 3,434 44, 799 4,779 462 171 3,326 40,436 39,781 4,749, 4,806 452; 603 I69! 170 3, 157 3, 140 39, 160 4,948 689 180 3,123 41,813 5,024 629 201 3,148 46,311 4,972 639 218 3,231 49, 176 4,965, 627 231 3,364 600 2,270 4,131 86 313 627 2,180 4,224 86 308 648 2,516 4,390 76 371 615 2,618 4,234 77 398 11,204 7,815 5,722 17,386 1,394 11,217 7,876 5,699 17,875 1,417 11,179 7,959 5,724 18,948 1,452 10, 403 7,901 6,210 19 647 10, 220 7,837 4,879 10,714 7,860 4,622 19,129 1,298 10,773 11,216 7,476 7,626 4,401 4,6.54 16,837 17,605 1,448 1,521 11,140 8,003 4,859 19,237 1,649 11,221 8,218 5,310 19,361 1,637 11,252 8,341 5,430 20,215 1,630 11,281 8,164 6,746 21,340| 1,6191 7,637 3,078 5,107 7,605 3,041 5,360 7, 658 3,067 5,451 6,499 3,023 5,212 1,428 iisis 252 262 273 278 2,554 2,747 2,935 2,763 2,436 2,2.59 2,101 1,964 1,844 1,928 2,042 2,168 241 253 295 278 1,245 50,438 1,260 49,337 1,240 49, 171 1,240 49, 161 1,267 48, 740 1,254 48, 787 1,224 48, 735 1,195 48, 065 1,203 48, 168 1,199 48,602 1,176 49, 074 1,162 49, 434 676 11,143 686 11,094 594 10,984 699 10,943 6,694 50 6,949 50 7,422 50 7,524 50 7,274 49 7,087 49 6,598 48 6,903 48 7,239 49 7,369 48 6,968 48 7,433, 49 1,868 1,917 1,973 1,999 3,286 165 808 , 307 4,182 3,268 180 821 298 4,044 3,386 187 860 314 4,306 3,417 199 871 316 4,608 3,444 194 853 293 4,889 3,401 189 933 274 5,167 3,384 178 691 280 5,531 3,509 164 659 303 6,042 3,738 156 761 302 6,551 3,793 167 786 308 6,817 3,728 ■160 822 313 6,887 3,586 161 783 292 6; 675 2,471 3 616 19 3,344 2,532 3 678 8 3,082 2,641 3 702 8 2,979 2,733 6 720 8 3,027 887 213 148 1,626 2,363 999 213 149 1,627 2,337 1,168 214 149 1,672 2,410 1,219 1,191 214 209 148 147 1,549 1,530 2, 360; 2, 109 1,165 202 146 1,530 1,677 1,128 204 147 1,557 1,298 1,087 209 149 1,562 1,261 1,006 222 150 1,590 1,801 958 224 148 1,617 2,151 893 221 166 1,574 2,021 827 223 151 1,678 2,126 52 4 715 826 4,483 50 4 715 827 4,604 46 4 711 838 4,846 46 4 714 792 4,773 2,466 2,585 2,660 2, 706 2, 737 2, 663 2,448 2,669 2,725 2,804 2,832 2,731 1,870 1,871 1,938 1,979 5,590 3,057 1,296 303 5,802 3,072 1.326 293 6,871 3,103 1,418 300 9,272 3,060 1,386 309 11,843 3,037 1,370 298 13,801 14,7.55 2,984' 2,883 1,370 1,401 304 297 14,722 2,899 1,411 296 13, 769 2,941 1,483 304 10,698 2,979 1,.531 301 7,338 2,964 1,464 318 5,897 2,889 1,416 301 16 367 264 144 15 379 259 88 16 391 277 94 19 409 269 102 774 488 7,769 2,509 780 504 7,733 2, 579 780 500 8,061 2,687 777 506 8,423 2,670 786 491 8,657 2,540 786 475 8,407 2, 445 773 462 7,998 2,396 488 8,110 2,466 797 490 8,661 2, 526 832 505 8,864 2,587 828 507 8,627 2,627 82S' 488 8, 222, 2, 604, 813 10 1,841 216 833 10 1,847 228 873 10 1,949 267 863 6 2,035 205 385 377 377 379 382 3.S5 372 372 375 371 369 368 93 93 95 101 1,937 1,946 1,933 1,686 1,783 1,792 1,800 1,816 1,958 1,971 2,023 2,035 184 185 186 186 3,532 19,591 7,572 3,524 19, 732 7,743 3,472 20, 000 7,598 3,506 20,067 7,516 3,452 19,980 7,379 3,412 19,860 7,271 3,439 19,107 7,282 3,507 19,642 7,402 3,517 20,431 7,548 3,635 21,221 7,772 3, 569 21,700 7,792 3,672 21,806 7,917 103 457 706 108 491 662 110 507 647 106 614 626 2,862 2,942 3,002 2,944 3,037 2,9m 2,902 2,899 2,951 3,011 3,003 2,922 1,122 1,133 1,143 1,146 1,176 1,279 486 3,180 1,429 1,256 1,279 633 3,354 1,448 1,372 1,292 523 3,258 1, 465 1,693 1,298 506 3,151 1,480 2,255 1,293 492 2,782 1,.508 2,362 1,2.52 496 2,617 1,520 2,497 1,274 462 2,617 1,643 2,511 1,280 466 2,746 1,645 2,390 1,270 496 2.997 1,611 2,241 1,280 517 3,208 1,461 1,838 1,287 632 3,229 1,391 1,438 1,300 627 3,161 1,375 1,612 112 375 244 i,638 122 441 243 1,615 116 421 244 i,62S 114 365 240 1,111 1,705 7,415 14,000 278 1,116 1,709 7,663 13,802 274 1,164 1,655 8,138 13, 995 279 1,162 1,683 8,443 14,076 283 1,203 1,684 8,896 13,896 286 1,239 1,686 9,001 14,016 280 1,216 1,653 9,103 13,614 272 1,181 1,668 9, 251 13,486 281 1,202 1,674 9,416 13, 430 261 1,193 1,706 9,316 13,772 260 1,210 1,739 8,846 13,983 258 1,224 1,682 8,324 14,387 252 781 224 10 6,926 26 807 220 10 6,962 27 770 226 10 6,980 30 822 226 10 7,052 34 1,316 2,433 2, IS8 2,487 74 1,475 2,451 2,192 2,443 65 1,697 2,478 2,231 2,489 63 1,670 2,460 2,276 2,404 62 1,631 2,346 2,330 2,411 43 1,466 2,287 2,336 2,417 16 1,317 2,017 2,182 2,620 14 786 2,048 2,132 2,591 12 1,182 2,173 2,032 2,520 38 1,210 2,203 2,001 2,637 41 1,320 2,166 2,019 2,593 46 1,27S 2,321 2,085 2,612 55 65 1,890 1,843 213 87 66 1,956 1,889 200 91 67 1,946 1,967 213 68 91 2,008 2,010 215 69 1,239 2,411 7,533 2,110 1,435 1,275 2,518 7,660 2,125 1,503 1,271 2,7.39 7,9.50 2, 108 1,.564 1,2.54: 1^224 2,830, 2,990 .'<,02.'i 7,9.S,S 2,160 2,129 1,623 1,608 1,175 3,061 8,046 2,067 1,616 1,147 3,237 8,350 2,064 1,498 1,162 3,315 8,401 2,072 1,468 1,195 3,317 8,369 2,191 1,465 1,211 3,411 8,267 2,231 1,446 1,226 3,305 8,005 2,234 1,417 1,214 2, 932 7, .534 2,207 1,405 1,513 616 779 2,872 6 1,679 682 809 2,952 6 1,656 • 782 849 3,029 6 1,578 877 853 3,041 7 1,0.52 1,681 1,8.55 54 1,066 1,829 1,863 49 1,081 1,966 1,864 48 1,093 1,059 2,069 2,167 1,876 1,899 48 49 1,030 2,069 1,871 65 1,023 2,020 1,024 1,959 1,028 1,911 1,886 40 1,062 1,868 1,862 34 1,068 1,832 1,892 55 1,072 1,787 1,819 51 443 453 457 452 1,784 1,766 35, 22 682 672 725 702 - .- t GENERAL TABLES. 67 AND GBjOUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. Uroup 13 SHIPBUIIiDIlVG— Continued. AVER.IGE NUMBER OF WAGE-EAKNEKS EMPLOYED DURING EACH MONTH— Continued. Women 16 years and over— Continued. May. June. 1 July. .Vu- gust. Septem- ber. Novrni- Doc'e Ikt. I iK'r Cliildrcn under 16 years. Janu- ary. March. April. 716 716, 19: 739 18 July. ; Au- gust. 735! 17 ,S2Xi 14' „ Sep- tein- Octo- ber. No- vem- De- cem- l^er. ber. ber. N27 7S2: 767 765 1 x(i!i; 767 762 750 2 IS m 15 15 3 Uroiip 14 — illlSCELLiAIVEOtJS INDUSTRIES— Continued. 78,702 1 76,104 73,117 74,780 79,418 82,786 83,553 82,724 7,192 7,222 7,381 7,477 7, 433 7,506 7,394 7,472 7,611 7,713 7,687 7,619 1 62-. 630 6(12 424 330 59C 626 628 229 235 213 194 182 157 125 145 161 176 190 196 2 2,621 2,392 2,20: 2,387 2,819 2,875 2,703 2,678 57 54 47 49 46 46 a 47 55 58 69 58 3 3,47- 2,62; 2,551 2,817 3,338 3,. 528 3,627 3,601 242 233 22; 217 178 1.5C 145 14f 10( 182 216 233 4 61 67 61 65 66 82 87 92 11 IC 1] 11 ir It IC IC 11 9 9 9 5 42; 39t 367 302 248 254 289 313 94 84 84 90 87 84 78 64 67 59 69 86 6 6,59. 7,17!: 7,401 7,588 7,711 7, 790 7,879 7,860 549 .539 558 491 486 539 544 582 669 588 610 617 7 3,04! 2,96! 2,90( 2,916 3,107 3,181 3,273 3,046 427 429 451 471 452 443 437 436 447 452 455 476 8 4,93 4,73 4,47; 4,lBl 4,8.57 5,259 5,076 5,193 330 351 349 354 341 358 352 363 341 381 37C 370 9 62 58 62 63 64 . 88 56 63 68 73 75 86 HI 25. 24" 251 2Ck! 311 324 318 311 34 :35 36 33 41 • 40 43 44 50 55 53 52 11 29 291 271 251 232 210 228 240 38 42 45 :39 42 46 50 47 45 32 32 34 12 60 li 61; 60; Ii06 614 629 630 630 84 85 87 88 90 95 97 94 96 97 101 102 13 10, 79 10,(i8c 10,36; 10,. 598 10,637 11,0.59 11,273 11,251 600 540 559 529 .561 549 587 002 629 628 651 641 14 1,90^ 1,94c ' 1,721 1,744 1,888 1,938 2,006 1,986 477 502 509 540 530 498 485 484 497 528 533 525 IS 1fi 2,86- 2,93; 2,983 3,053 3,172 3,352 3,257 3,050 168 198 214 223 189 216 237 221 218 239 204 181 17 721 3 431 3 491 3 615 2 601 2 610 2 548 IK 7n< 66 67 76 69 (i4 66 48 49 58 76 79 74 19 1 ( 19 15 15 22 17 10 1 2 3 3 9 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 20 3,17t 3,37.S 3,661 4,023 4,598 4,964 5,068 4,921 43 41 43 41 40 40 42 45 44 49 51 49 21 4^ 46 49 49 55 59 64 64 4 7 6 8 8 11 10 12 12 11 11 8 22 71V 4 703 4 67fc 4 086 4 701 4 698 4 691 4 683 m 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 24 78; 762 76; 782 792 793 809 827 48 48 48 50 40 28 28 28 28 26 36 48 25 4,11" 2,765 1,001 1,.533 2,632 3,211 3,635 4,172 57 57 57 57 53 41 9 / 37 47 48 58 26 1,921 1,915 I,81( 2,019 2,129 2,181 2,110 2,024 107 111 125 134 12s 1,55 95 153 147 1:38 152 123 27 18 2-1 ■^1 21 19 16 16 17 15 15 19 39 56 86 107 111 98 60 23 19 28 40: 387 371 381 412 385 396 388 59 60 61 63 57 57 56 57 00 60 59 59 29 2(1. 2&' 27! 283 335 335 304 206 56 63 71 78 74 72 80 8(1 101 97 87 89 30 91 118 127 124 1.30 127 130 129 8 8 7 6 6 ( 7 " / ' 7 7 31 M4 858 8.3.^ S74 868 891 893 885 21 21 21 21 21 22 ■79 23 23 23 23 23' 32 1 < 7 8 14 14 14 7 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 6133 2,07: 2,022 l,SSl 1,916 2,065 2,128 2,097 1,937 143 144 149 154 171 174 152 1,5s 1,59 169 167 156' 34 169 167 134 1.54 235 216 177 148 35 36 36 34 31 32 33 32 35 30 34 34 35 88 8C 7f 73 72 67 64 70 10 10 11 13 13 15 16 17 10 14 11 10' 36 186 189 188 l'S8 196 199 204 201 51 60 61 50 55 65 54 oi; 63 61 63 01 37 104 107 104 110 112 113 113 100 9 9 12 12 12 12 14 14 12 13 12 13 38 50' 489 41( 421 437 449 465 484 2,59 268 270 286 284 285 269 293 286 2,S5 288 288 39 612 liOf 651 651 611 681 711 717 220 236 234 237 239 222 223 228 241 230 251 241 40 1,117 1,IJS3 1,057 1,073 982 1,102 1,105 1,113' 281 291 286 297 296 282 271 277 26,0 289 289 289 41 4^ 1,632 i,39:3 1,601 1,615 1,609 1,644 1,628 1,667 189 184 195 203 182 191 200 199 100 i54 137 lis 43 111 111 9; 97 98 112 116 118 11 11 11 18 10 15 10 10 10 10 11 11 44 .331 303 302 308 343 413 412 3.55 9 10 9 9 8 7 8 7 / 7 8 7,45 25? 264 258 204 263 250 244 227 24 24 22 19 19 26 38 45 34 28 29 28^ 46 851 86,8 891 889 899 824 7fi6 847 32 32 34 35 41 43 45 46 45 46 44 49' 47 232 231 22S 992 220 222 226 223 33 32 36 33 30 37 97 30 38 43 39 36; 48, 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 131 128 131 151 161) 171 175 194 191 182 144 138; 49 6,938 6,871 6,691 6,720 6,943 7,110 7,200 7,007 :i38 350 343 340 345 355 392 420 417 3.83 393 376 50 34 34 34 28 26 24 20 20 5 5 5 5 ,5 6 a 5 5 51 131 197 195 146 165 94 79 56l 4 4 4 4 4 7 4 3 3 d 4 52 1,9.50 1,799 1,561 1,501 1,032 1,637 1,633 1,6,80 238 221 225 224 217 204 193 202 209 203 209 211 6:) 2,010 2,025 1,842 1,829 1,788 1,895 1,949 1,9,55 201 196 213 241 271 208 2,53 216 200 1,S4 135 10(i 64 197 211 209 317 175 189 197 248i 29 25 24 25 25 24 23 26 24 22 26 28 55 44 9 7 14 17 28 27, 56 1,505 1,506 1,467 1,518 1,578 1,.594 1,598 1,.560 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 57 981 1,035 1,113 1,168 1,228 1,269 1,210 1,027 240 237 262 2,89 341 405 428 297 336 366 375 324 .58 834 »31 857 859 872 880 858 811 237 242 249 256 261 252 233 240 246 235 225 218 .59 3,002 2,836 2,718 2,782 3,023 3,1.52 3,275 3,1.50 262 261 255 258 232 223 233 228 208 276 276 264 60 6 ■^ 7 7 8 8 8 8 103 107 111 109 107 109 106 106 120 120 115 119 61 444 424 420 428 442 452 447 442: .55 57 62 57 55 60 59 66 00 59 56 61 62 63 741 721 684 641 726 655 678 677, SO 78 77 84 90 92 78 77 78 69 68 77 64 1 1 68 MANUFACTURES. Table 4.— MANUFACTURES, BY 37 STATE OR TEEEITORY. United States 216,262 Alabama. . Alaska Arizona. . . Arlcansas. California. Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia - Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory. Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Xcliraska Nevada New Hampshire. 32 New Jersey 33 New Mexico 34 ' New York 3.5 I North Carolina. 36 North Dakota.. Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania. Rhode Island . . . South r':irolina. South Dakota. . Tennessee 45 Texas 46 ' rtuh 47 Vermont 48 ' \'irginia 49 Washington . . . 50 ■ West Virginia . 51 I Wisconsin 52 ! Wyoming Number of estab- lish- ments. 1,882 S2 169 1,907 6,839 1,.606 3,477 631 482 1,413 3,219 364 14,921 466 7,044 4,785 2,475 3,734 2,091 3,145 3,852 10, 723 7,446 4,756 1,520 6,464 382. 1,819 115 1,618 '7,010 199 37, 194 3,272 507 13,785 6-17 1,602 23, 495 1,617 1,399 686 3,175 :i, 1.58 606 1,690 3, 1S7 2,751 2,109 8,558 169 Total. 812,686,265,673 105,382,859 10,684,799 14,395,654 46,306,116 282, 647, 201 107,663,500 373,283,580 50,926,630 20, 199, 783 32,971,982 135,211,551 9,689,445 975,844,799 5,016,654 312,071,234 111,427,429 88,680,117 147,282,478 150,810,608 143,707,750 201,877,966 C'65,948,88' 337,894,102 184,903,271 50,256.309 379, 368, 827 52,589,810 80,235,310 2,891.997 109,495,072 715,060,174 4,638,248 2,031,459,515 j 141,000,639 5,703,837 .'•."iCi,'.).ss,,s:-.i) 11,107,763 II 44,023,548 , 1,995,836,988 jj 215,901,375 113,422,224 7,. 585, 142 102,439,481 115,664,871 26,004,011 62,658,741 147,989,182 96,952,621 86,820,.S2:i 412,647,051 2,695,,S89 Land. Buildings. $980,550,625 6,046,828 1,171,582 598, 245 2,227,913 29,170,038 6,692,776 22,511,027 4,329,367 3,643,174 1,591,573 9,854,898 475,897 85,991,.';23 263,026 $1,996,125,808 $3,489,759,836 Machinery, tools, and implements. 19,592,470 8,322,214 6,975,021 10,060,856 8, 740, 662 11,569,218 13,769,411 05,069,9C0 27,212,168 10,803,542 2,289,566 24,874,360 1,922,078 6,270,213 217,035 7,717,874 51,382,554 261,474 170,962,460 5,084,009 362. 477 66,785,692 1,095,074 4,998,470 169,017,723 15,424,521 3,483,798 4119,891 7,073,807 7,S2fi,47S , 1,748,288 9,409,312 11,549,793 8,326,638 5,093,213 39,953,320 231,348 19,511,469 1,790,855 2,724,969 6,559,661 38,431,512 22,969,076 57,951,273 10,175,566 3, 963, 086 3,569,742 22,317,208 2, 107, 340 153,551,183 960, 156 52,714,915 20, 138, 316 19,725,184 20, 393, 764 20, 206, 5E2 26,817,420- 29,961,918 143,979,679 63,477,379 26,822,112 8,569,860 51,558,630 13,804,292 15,650,587 451,636 15,905,359 108,484,400 986,461 277,994,544 18,665,217 I 1,061,044 , i 147,050,191 2,095,852 6,061,010 341,669,620 35,102,237 20,886,482 1,543,784 15,616,803 20, .542, 072 6,155,822 10,575,777 23, 751 , 313 12,579,859 13,883,827 64,330,58.5 538,339 46,944,461 2,778,771 4,128,956 16,725,826 90,255,809 50,277,348 Cash and sun- dries. 56,219,829,404 103,309,796 12,704,666 7,574,547 11,211,477 50,238,267- 3,904,769 232,868,466 2,514,992 88,8.37,150 31,479,489 22,607,417 32,277,855 50,374,986 61,137,809 248,600,686 92,039,898 46,914,010 20, 598, 079 98,145,985 8,189,263 25,204,380 784,667 26,667,781 191,422,710 1,769,574 512,021.045 45,665,038 1,979,073 231,437,793 4,229,016 I 14,445,776 546,894,334 60, ,321, 372 53,656.540 2,816,205 25,0,36,916 45,778,469 fl,2S3,iKS2 14,960,096 38,3(18,633 Sfi,195,.V)S 27,635,002 93,377,942 989, 669 32,880,111 4,943,591 6,943,484 20,792,716 124,783,842 27,734,300 189,511,484 23,716.031 5,018,976 16,599,190 52,801,178 3,201.439 503, 433, 837 1,278,480 150,926,699 51,487,410 39,472,495 84,550,003 71,488,428 62, 983, 815 97,008,828 608, 298,. 592 165,164,657 100, 363, 607 18,798,804 204,789,852 28,674,177 33,210,130 1,438,669 ,59,204,058 363,770,510 1,620,739 1,070,481,466 71,586,375 2,301,243 411,715,154 3,687,821 18,518,292 938, 355, 411 105,0.53,245 35, 395, 404 2,725,262 54,711,955 41,517,852 8,815,919 27,713,556 74,379,443 39,, 8.50, 266 40,208,781 214,985,204 936,633 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 134,544 1,383 63 94 1,440 4,206 882 2,414 477 268 508 2,129 229 8,429 241 4,863 3,032 1,403 2.561 1,430 2,249 2,177 7,356 5,023 3,171 1,157 3,843 215 984 63 1,244 4,271 103 18,410 2,660 287 9,318 316 1,091 14,630 1,146 1,076 414 2,475 1,915 375 1,459 2,425 1,817 1,6.55 5,084 93 Total horse- power. 14,041,644 301,851 2,951 26,068 111,216 220,571 136,872 330,550 54.162 13, 357 45, 373 229,511 18,152 864,842 12,628 405, 268 121,621 107,283 181,441 255,937 362, 153 180, 963 1,001,946 468, 449 226, 767 111,197 271,667 50,817 52, 134 2.834 225,632 494,972 5,978 1,64.3^419 219,752 10,069 1,238,240 17,293 . 81,844 2,6)3,494 190,679 221, 190 11,312 180, 136 170,522 20, 728 143,304 185,282 171,982 143,001 480,554 GENERAL TABLES. 69 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905. Proprie- tors and firm mem- ' bers. 225,704 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNERS. Aggi-egate. Orliiersol Number. corporations. General superintendents, managers clerks, ctf Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 7,017.1.38 Least number employed at any'one time dur- Total. Number. 381,336 Men. Salaries. $395,776,961 Women. Number. Salaries, Salaries. $141,820,410 Number. 4:59,669 Salaries, Numlicr, 78, ,i:i4 Saiiirie.s. ing the year. 1 2 ."ilJ,751 $574,761,231 60,082 $432,940,821 ^'•i7, 16:1,860 4,599,091 1,948 3, 763 3,867,139 707 1,1.57,308 3,056 2,709,771 2.916 2,647,4:37 140 62, 334 1 83, 332 54,138 31 195 a2I,9(j9 35 97,620 160 224,289 154 219,974 6 4,315 4, 171 3,779 , 3 133 291 471,548 48 135,765 243 3,35, 783 2.35 S28, 203 s 7,580 6.02S 4,126 4 2,140 2, S2S 2,:!li9,8i.n 27:: :'88. 568 2,055 1,921,322 1,957 1,878,540 98 42,782 50,530 31,071 1 5 7,402 12,283 14, ■.m. 157 1,676 3,553,429 10,607 10,845,728 8, 897 9,988,403 1,710 ,^57,. 325 1.52.. 574 86,698 5 1.398 2,677 3, .".49, 043 28:i 676,125 2,394 2,872,918 2,137 2,731,015 257 141.903 30,222 19,279 7 2, 9 IS 13,523 17,(1411. :i5l 1.823 5,106,049 11,700 11,9:J4,302 9,6.58 10,335,2:i4 2,042 999.068 1 208,446 154,476 : 8 641 1.451 l,62fl,2.il 201 564,619 1,250 1,064,632 1,103 1,003,041 147 61.591 29,405 16,292 9 473 1,006 1,206,609 106 295,083 900 911,526 707 819, 774 193 91,7.52 8,010 4,884 10 1,7B9 3.125 2, 669, 726 :i.55 624,603 2,770 2,045,123 2,638 2,003,511 i:'.2 41,612 37, 133 33, 654 11 3,512 6. 104 .'|,!I27,.J21 l.i:i4 1,859,240 4,970 4, 068, 281 4, ,578 3,889,212 392 179,069 121,413 8.3,i:i2 : 12 371 369 379, 311 68 69,395 291 309,916 275 302,588 16 7, 328 5,466 3, 351 13 13,990 54,521 60,559,678 5,321 13,269,556 49,200 47,290,122 31, .821 42,413,219 9,379 4,876,903 478,488 293,685 14 528 27S 251,378 S7 36,941 241 214, 4:i7 223 207,036 18 7,401 3, 840 2,170 15 7.191 14, 862 15,028,789 2.287 4.2:52.733 12,575 ■ 10,796,056 10, 438 9, 903, ,3.55 2, 1.37 .892,701 205,419 128,812 ' 16 4. 75,'i 7,122 3,948,.>77 1.028 1.449.188 6,094 4, 4! 9, 189 5,076 4.070,418 1,018 428, 771 71,093 42,885 i 17 2.766 3,721 3,692,4111 438 693, 884 3,283 2,998,607 2, 852 2,804,788 431 193,819 45,094 29,959 IS 4,108 5,853 5.. 871. 247 957 1,752,540 4,896 4, 118, 707 4,197 3,807,990 699 310,717 82,421 51,724 19 1,899 5,977 6,044,404 750 1.517,017 5,227 4,527,387 4,928 4, 387, 839 299 139,548 88,250 53,027 20 3,379 3,772 .?,988,7ri7 655 1,195,823 3,117 2,792,974 2,535 2,543,188 382 249.786 112,110 67,684 21 4,503 S,B24 8, 843, 996 894 2,267,898 7,730 6,576,098 6,797 6,190,460 933 :iS.5.6:38 138,375 90,069 22 11,258 32,824 39,654,624 3,308 9,866,706 29,516 29,7,87,918 22, 162 26,209,438 7,:i54 3,578,480 378,208 409,970 23 7, 732 17, 233 17, 470, 433 2.295 4,584,929 14,940 12,885,504 11,831 11,544,043 3,109 1,341,461 242,806 136, 492 24 4,524 9,141 9,032,840 1,016 2,165,430 8,125 6, 867, 410 6,721 6,230,791 1,404 6.36,619 97,401 53, 634 25 1, .58.S 2, 688 2, 598, 346 273 433, 754 2,415 2,164,692 2,327 2,123,498 88 41,094 .52, .571 38,721 26 6,299 17,119 19,002,2:;8 2,507 5,559,630 14,612 13, 442, 3S8 12.372 12,325,117 2,240 1.117,471 172,414 109,228 27 334 905 1,506,208 64 167,287 .841 1,338,921 SCO 1,308,409 41 :;o,5i2 11,495 6,575 28 1,904 3,192 3,074,911 267 504,304 2,925 2,570,607 2,549 2,:j70,080 :-;76 200,527 27.326 16,614 29 108 106 126, 156 16 23,010 90 103, 146 84 100,086 6 3,060 1.131 821 30 1.726 2,666 2,972,107 295 642, M5 2, ■ill 2,329,252 1,930 2,126,775 441 202. 477 79.055 56,791 31 6,7.30 23, 196 2s, 9.j6,728 2.681 8,043,345 20,515 20,913,383 17,562 19,443,027 2,953 1,470,356 321,669 229,973 32 189 224 26:i,814 35 60,809 189 203,005 179 197,721 10 5.2S4 4,702 2,973 33 41,766 98,012 111,145,175 8.284 25,762,143 89,728 85,383,032 70,259 75,918,375 19, 469 9,464,657 1.075.570 696,246 34 3,731 4,072 3,795.471 1,018 1,302,547 3,0.54 2.492,924 2,825 2,408,968 229 83,966 112,185 78,013 35 494 296 257,812 58 71,. 137 238 186, 475 214 176,080 24 10, 395 2,644 1,674 36 13,657 39,991 4.3,434,868 5,439 11,698,419 34,532 31,7.36,449 27,863 28,, 805, 470 6.689 2,930,979 457, 467 288,873 37 659 oil 467,042 124 l.™,239 411 336,803 365 .316,572 46 20,231 4,619 2,774 38 1,726 1,769 2, 132, .514 291 609; 2.38 1,478 1.523,276 1,226 1 . 388. :;71 252 134,905 27.286 17,059 39 26,029 66,081 73,269,007 5,822 15,516,914 60,259 57.752,093 52, 109 54,034,280 8,150 3,717,813 924.685 641,616 40 1,561 5,420 7,040,678 725 2,116.767 4,695 4,923,911 3, 731 4.442.33/ 964 481,574 110,838 84,196 41 1,241 2,389 2, .-5.55. 002 544 897, 141 1,,S45 1,457,861 1,739 1.422,683 106 :i5, 178 76,002 54,792 42 649 441 294.353 72 79,, 500 369 214,853 310 188,678 59 26, 175 3,381 2,374 43 3,805 4,910 5,080,429 877 1,. 506, 427 4,033 3,574,002 3,504 3,331,213 529 242,789 83.. 505 .55,328 44 3,073 5,753 6,117,709 627 1,208,150 5,126 4,909,559 4,871 4,785,796 255 123,763 68, 865 44,688 45 619 979 1,038.353 150 179,016 829 859, 337 735 814,619 94 44,718 11,876 7.875 46 1,856 2,053 2,102,708 248 627,247 1,805 1,575,461 1,502 1,442,. 386 303 133, 075 42, 568 27,658 47 3,643 4,970 4, 874, 806 741 1,305,670 4,229 3, .569, 136 3,814 3,416,545 415 1.52.. 591 112,775 72,962 48 2,602 3,658 4,092.919 566 951,700 3,092 3,141,213 2.821 3,006,888 271 134, 325 64,882 41.4.S2 49 2,230 2,892 2.898,830 510 a51,405 2,382 2,047,425 2,127 1,938,445 2.55 108,980 59,865 37,566 , 50 7,961 14,220 15,498,232 2, 133 4,075,801 12,087 11,422,431 10,527 10,716,533 l,.5fiO 705, 898 205,016 125,826 1 51 150 179 1 206,306 20 35,220 159 171,086 154 Kx.r,i2 5 2,. 574 2,511 1,498 1 52 70 MANUFACTURES. Table 4.— MANUFACTURES, BY STATES STATE OE TEEEITOKT. United States. ... 5, 470, 321 WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Average number. Wages. Alabama.. Alaska .Arizona... .Vrkansas . . Califoniia. Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia.. Florida Georgia Idabo Illinois Indian Territory . Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky. Louisiana. Maine Maryland Massachusetts . Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire. New Jei'sey New Mexico New York North Carolina. North Dakota . . Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania . Rhode Island . . . South Carolina. South Dakota.. Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont. Virginia.. Washington. . . AVest Virginia. Wisconsin Wyoming 62. 173 1,938 4,793 33,089 100, 355 21,813 181,605 18, 475 6,299 42,091 92,749 3,061 379, 436 2,257. 154, 174 49, 481 35,570 59, 794 55, 859 74,958 94. 174 488, 399 175,229 69, 6.36 38, 690 133,167 8, 957 20,260 802 65. 366 266, 336 3, 47.S 856,947 85,339 1,755 364,298 3,199 18, 523 763, 282 97, 318 .59, 441 2,492 60,572 49, 066 8,052 33, 106 80,285 45, 199 43, 758 151, 391 1,834 82,611,540,532 21, 878, 461 1,095,579 3,969,248 14, .543, 635 64, 656, 686 15, 100, 365 87,942,628 8, 158, 203 3, 658, 370 15,767,182 27,392,442 2,059,391 208, 405, 468 1,144,078 72,0.58,099 22,997,053 18,883,071 24, 438, 684 25, 315, 750 32,691,759 36,144,244 232,388,946 81,278,837 35,843,145 14, 819, 034 06, 644, 126 8, 652, 217 11,022,149 693, 407 27, 693, 203 128,168,801 2, 153, 068 430, 014, 861 21,375,294 1,031,307 182, 429, 425 1,6.55,324 11,443,512 367,960,890 43.112,637 13,868,950 1,421,680 22,805,628 24,468,942 5, 157, 400 15,221,059 27,943,058 .30, 087, 287 21.153,042 71.471,805 1, 261 . 122 Average number. 4,244,638 $2,266,273,317 53, 496 1,895 4,742 32,066 84, 688 20, 164 132, 750 14, 866 5,614 39, 656 72, 814 2,931 314,091 2,149 131,551 41, 082 32, 138 49, 508 40,942 56, 662 63, 492 326, 586 147, 676 60, 886 35,364 105,927 8,755 17, 321 790 44, 483 195, 447 3,388 603,519 55,400 1,.521 303, 828 2,870 16,843 594, 487 61,346 37,6.53 2,179 51,7.57 45, 766 6,840 28, .321 65, 055 43, 782 39, 378 129, 274 1, 793 Wages. 20, 393, 027 1,085,640 3,960,629 14, 329, 273 69, 576, 395 14,531,394 72,829,093 7, 373, 343 3,466,950 15,121,963 23,969,802 2,019,172 187,568,896 1,119,040 66,725,926 20,963,933 18,000,690 22, 170, 719 24,141,298 27, 315, 682 29.656,349 178,513,343 74, .374, 061 33, 377, 340 14,167,965 58, 816, 746 8,570,466 10, 142, 694 688, 672 20,866,433 108,470,226 2,130,969 349, .506, 071 16,433,078 963,058 166,270,529 1,565, .594 10,950,459 .'124,870,814 31,797,035 10,2:!3.237 1,329,891 21,150,048 23,7.31,548 4,861,513 13, 818, 386 25, 197, 362 29, 605, 475 20, 148, 606 66, 167, 356 1.2.1(;.138 M^'omen 16 years and over. Average number. ■\Vages. 1,065,884 J317,279,008 4,547 29 33 501 14,084 1,343 44,554 2,960 611 12,640 90 60,399 69 19,230 7,314 2,703 8,323 4,604 16, 825 25,149 147,044 24, 270 8,430 2,054 22,769 143 2,542 8 19,910 62, 887 52 245, 449 18,301 199 55, 375 25,S 1,474 134, 344 .30, 742 12,019 280 6,611 2,479 1,017 4,569 11,990 1,304 3,249 17,970 33 924, 141 8,188 14,814 120, 108 4,709,160 490, 193 14,210,367 679,667 177, 249 602, 857 2,512,161 31,129 19, 893, 360 18,532 4,684,651 1,854,474 708, 022 1,975,270 966, 872 5,106,692 5, 675, 452 50,521,41)5 6, 293, 446 2,412,756 464, .599 6,892,023 69,993 788,545 3, ,Sli7 6,640,451 18, 183, 140 14, 146 79,016,531 3, 451, 704 62,330 15,222,146 76,948 450, 150 37,071,325 Children under 16 years. Average number. 159, 899 10,24.5,356 2,313,612 86,030 1,317,356 596, 169 259, 736 1,362,144 2,294,017 455, 789 772, 4.58 4, 574, 028 13, 480 4,130 14 18 522 1,583 306 4,301 649 74 337 7,295 40 4,946 39 3,393 1,085 729 1,963 1,313 1,471 5.633 14,769 3,283 320 1,272 4,471 59 397 4 967 8,002 38 7,979 11,632 36 5,095 71 206 34, 451 5, 2.30 9,769 33 2,204 ,'(21 105 216 3,240 113 1,131 4,147 S27,988,207 561, 283 1,751 3,805 94,254 371,131 903, 168 105, 193 14,171 42, 362 910, 479 9,090 943, 212 6,506 647,522 178, 646 174, 359 292, 695 207,680 269, 385 812, 443 3,364,138 611,330 6.3,049 186, 470 935, 357 21,768 90,910 868 187,319 1,515 4,3.5 7,963 1, 492, 249 1,490,512 5,910 936, 7.50 12,782 42, 903 6,018,751 1,070,246 1, 322, 201 5, 7.59 338, 224 141,225 36, 151 40,529 461,679 26, 023 231,978 730, 421 1,504 Total. »1, 455,019, 473 8,048,819 1,851,716 1,208,320 6, 648, 343 27,145,660 6,519,100 32,325,002 2,691,218 2, 724, 840 5,607,862 12, 206, 634 1,111,699 172,185,567 492, 539 46,682,513 12,152,888 8, 870, 460 20,530,862 16, 047, 105 12,485,167 21,904,752 93,840,185 46,012,191 24, 493, 840 6, S55, 767 49,522,457 4,052,081 8, 490, .360 184,900 9,006,821 66,552,681 428, 546 .301,575,788 17,952,060 509,880 102, 704, 746 979,016 4,185,595 167.267.247 14, 623, 430 6,013,241 833, 360 12,090,099 12,215,472 1,465,707 4,923,366 14,403,382 11,034,750 8,266,716 45,674,156 420,597 Rent of works. $73,267,209 176,027 2,490 31,691 105, 101 2,673,733 427,212 1,105,602 96, 146 178, 809 155.870 323, 483 28, 455 7,646,673 38,954 836,009 580, 340 263, 592 414, 080 361,311 372, 323 1,311,.5S3 5,409,006 1,157,500 910,117 57,990 Taxes, not including internal revenue. 858,697,616 2,451,366 19,858 24, 473, 622 139,465 43,111 3,520,795 60,081 385,795 8,599,298 1,303,324 67,943 64, 122 394, 361 463,979 106, 671 180, 788 360, 875 486, 721 180, 176 967, 125 15,275 441,796 84, 241 126, 327 354, 719 1,287,605 593, 222 1,554,616 111,340 168, 923 184,028 822, 767 109,964 4, 189, 333 24,953 1,538,091 471,059 476,224 627, .591 1,059,869 910, 382 891,516 6,911,123 2,914,974 1,198,575 396,516 2,326,418 [ 1,681,955 1,417.377 260,496 274, 174 336, 401 29,003 15,763 253, 390 693, 260 2,384,237 40,907 7,845,27.5 613,047 34,860 4.495,331 64, 860 302,711 5,370,176 906, 193 548,823 46,685 515,007 600,812 125,726 269,933 496, 196 642, 659 362,571 2,584,788 19, 199 GENERAL TABLES. 71 AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Continued. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of r rim-ipu! materia S, products, in- Rent of ofRces, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. luicl. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Purchased in partially man- Total. Purchased in ufactured form raw state. (including "all other mate- SS,0.5S,747,309 rials"). 1 51,177,732,132 ?145, 322,516 88,503,949,756 33,141,134,590 84,917,612,779 1307,895,376 tl7,142,033 563,328,921 156,836,057 814,802,147,087 1 0,516,592 914,404 60, 45.^. 368 49, 670, '.134 29,087,859 2U,. 583, 075 8,135,939 36,505 1,640,556 974,434 109,169,922 2 759,323 1,005,662 3,741,946 3,423,337 1,459,652 1,963,085 169,171 412 17, 398 131,628 8,244,524 3 sn,i7S 179, 124 14,595.057 11,3.33,088 9,565,003 1,768,085 2,971,810 17,163 128,351 144,645 28,083,192 4 4,005,S.'vi 2,182,638 21,799,346 20,259,194 10,557,355 9,701,839 607,962 16,034 696,624 219,532 53, 864, 394 5 20,870,920 2, 313. 392 215.726.414 207.637,133 86,959,020 120,678,113 4,049,068 1,167,834 959,638 1,912,741 367, 218, 494 6 5,204,308 294, 3oS 63, 114, 397 57,975,599 39,370,644 18,604,955 4,044,004 106, 468 467, 775 520,551 100,143,999 7 28,272,269 1,392,515 191,301,881 179,618,643 38,719,436 140,899,207 6,748,116 407,844 2,727,982 1,799,296 369,082,091 8 2, 355, 476 128,2.56 24,&S3.806 23,605,440 11,369,212 12,236,228 845, 328 25,542 99, 403 308,093 41,160,276 9 2,115,739 261,369 7,731,971 7,231,602 2,707,365 4,524,237 ] 351,004 30,561 40,583 78,221 18,359,159 10 4,711,039 556,925 16,532,439 15,617,334 8,576,606 7,040,728 298, 192 24,023 480,028 112,862 50,298.290 11 10,403,809 656,575 83,624,504 78,962,141 42,864,421 .36,097,720 2,716,975 154,592 1,248,830 541,966 151,040,455 12 593,294 379,986 4,068,523 3,752!511 2,292,387 1,460,124 233,096 14,979 47, 133 20,804 8,708,743 13 148,876.087 11,473,474 840,0.57,316 804,432,316 344,312,703 460,119,613 26,948,967 1,671,447 2,919,919 4,084,667 1, 410, 342, 129 14 377,88.5 50, 747 4,848.640 4,514,439 3, 195, 732 1,318,707 185,201 4,099 52,241 92,666 7,909,451 15 42.949,321 1,360,092 220,507,007 207,790,429 85,6.87.3117 122,103,062 8,934,662 295, 345 1,136,638 2,349,933 393,954,405 16 10,139,579 961,910 102,843,892 98,391,717 60,623,365 37,768,:i52 2,629,891 148,697 436,603 1,236,984 160,572,313 17 7,943,656 186,988 156,509,949 151,543,449 122,6.57,448 29,186,001 2,992,626 74,445 947, 138 652,291 198,244,992 18 17,919,468 1,569,713 86, 545, 464 83,025,358 34,619,344 48,406,014 2,308,752 115,222 470,215 625,917 159,753,968 19 11.824,531 2,801,394 1)7,035,305 111,502,979 45,635,849 65,867,130 3,510,5.57 84,261 1,511,407 426, 101 186,379,592 20 9,231,577 1,970,885 80,042,090 74, 582, 670 31,871,410 42,711,260 3,537,397 194,735 1,131,064 596,224 144,020,197 21 17.158,051 2,543,602 150,024,066 144,113,930 39,249,676 104,864,254 4,615,763 .136,713 622, 404 535,256 243,375,996 22 74,951,068 6,568,988 626,410,431 599,602,742 205,291,665 394,311,077 15, 633, .570 1,600,172 6,084,586 3,489,361 1,124,092,051 23 37,464,663 4,475,054 230,080,931 214,684,859 85,504,672 1-29, ISO, 187 9,483,949 331,033 2,081,175 3,499,915 429,120,060 24 17,976,448 4,378,700 210,553,949 204, 828, 198 147,533,240 57,294,958 3,273,054 280,808 857, 330 1,314,559 307,858,073 25 4,250,46.5 1,150,796 25,800,885 23,924,339 14,947,611 8,976,728 881,319 14,636 811,946 168,645 57,451,445 26 42.885,656 2,649,428 252,2.58,417 242,672,339 109,849,753 132,822,580 6,228,962 456,951 1,113,7,87 1,786,378 439,548,957 27 2,149,,S79 224,330 40,930,060 34, 373, 735 31,274,163 3,099,572 4,314,887 109,809 360,564 1,771,065 66,415,4.52 28 7,689,097 190,688 124,051,628 12 1,905,, 534 71,746,537 50,1.58,997 1,563,626 74, 106 182, 327 326, 135 154,918,220 29 138, 622 1,510 1,627,776 1,5.58,979 ■ 863, 483 695, 491 36,298 13,471 10,946 8,082 3,096,274 30 7.07fi,077 984,094 73, 216; 387 69,523,290 31,518,973 38,004,317 2,313,772 147,736 598,577 633,012 123,610,904 31 56,495,676 5,221,402 470, 449, 176 449,920,464 119,113,424 330,807,040 14,912,555 666, 797- 2,748,888 2,200,472 774,369,025 32 304,816 62,965 2,235,934 1,969,418 595,024 1,374,394 71,732 9,991 181,656 3,137 5,705,880 33 216, 472, 1.50 52,784,741 1,348,603,286 1,303,815,795 316,339,284 987,476,511 28,587,407 4,775,763 5,079,580 6,344,741 2,488,345,579 34 15,618,715 1,580,823 79,268,004 75,087,9.50 50,916,188 24,171,762 2,358,284 62,808 1,268,423 490,539 142, 520, 776 35 414,050 17,869 7,095,986 6,7.55.343 5,667,214 1,088,129 227,256 13,700 13,826 85,861 10,217,914 36 89,311,593 5,.'i77,027 527,636,5^5 4.89, 359, 140 133,857,755 355,601,385 29,595,556 775,272 3, 764, 415 4,142,202 960,811,857 37 813,682 40,393 11, 545,. 306 10,933,753 8,873,111 2,060,642 402, 159 19,436 29, 179 160,779 16,549,656 38 3,037,518 4.59,571 30, .596, 763 29,231,106 15,646,990 13,584,116 604,743 111,435 401,957 247,622 55,525,123 39 139,952,923 13,344,850 1,142,942,707 1,056,142,704 322,252,720 733,889,984 69,277,994 1, 459, 324 9,774,721 6,287,964 1,9.55,551,332 40 11, 482, 162 931,751 112,872,261 106,853,319 38,807,996 68,045,323 3,439,846 297,519 1,565,110 716,467 202,109,583 41 5,236,7.8.3 159,690 49,968,626 45,990,932 j 38,422,566 7,568,366 2,172,245 119,298 1,474,719 211, 4.32 79,376,262 42 676,822 55,731 8,696,831 8,357,671 7,037,633 1,320,038 268,236 6,896 22,242 41,786 13,085,333 43 9,633,999 1.546,732 79,351,746 74,303,233 37,002,011 37, .301, 222 3,112,802 85,289 595, 687 1,264,735 1 137,960,476 44 9,694,677 1,456,004 91,603,6.30 86,068,741 57,127,740 28,941,001 3,742,351 132,886 1,083,246 576, 406 1.50,528,389 45 1,163,124 70,186 24,939,827 22,534,093 18,213,381 4,320,712 2,032,245 98, 657 163,335 111,497 38,926,464 46 3,771,882 700,763 32,429,852 30,519,504 14,634,276 15,885,228 1,078,810 126,23.5 331,499 373,804 63,083,611 47 12,834,540 711,771 83,649,149 78,836,298 41,266,420 37,579,878 3,421,487 120,366 630,066 640,932 148,856,525 48 7,424,660 2,480,710 66, 166, 165 62,138,207 34,584,949 27,553,2.58 1 1,349,868 235,439 1,888.130 664,521 : 128,821,667 49 6,225,790 1,508,180 54,419,206 50,595,175 21,489,455 29,105,720 ! 2,751,612 16,977 644, 675 410,767 99,040,676 50 39,222,072 2,900,171 227,255,092 215,777,490 108,886,909 106,890,581 7, 853, 475 249,497 1.766,978 1,607,652 411,139,681 51 282,534 103,589 1,300,773 1,198,775 497,588 701, 187 70,895 2.805 17, 421 10,877 3,523,260 52 MANUFACTURES. Table 4.— MANUFACTURES, BY STATES 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 STATE OR TER- RITORY. United States. Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut.. . . Delaware Dist.ofColumbia Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois IndianTerritory Indiana AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS EMPLOYED DURING EACH MONTH. Men 16 years and over. Janu- arv. Iowa Kansas Kentucky . I^ouisiana. Maine 22 Maryland 23 Massachusetts. 24 Michigan 25 j Minnesota 20 I Mississippi. . . . 27 Missouri.. 2S Montana.. 29 i Nc^braska. Xoviida New Tlanipshiro New Jersey New Mexico .... New York North Carolina. North Dakota.. Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania.. Rhode Island.. South Carolina South Dakota. Tennessee 55,219 91 4,416 30,284 73, 615 17,272 130,815 14,077 5, 134 38, 393 69,607 2,247 :01,621 2, 152 126, 479 ::6.651 30, 310 45,902 48,995 54,612 57,.J09 326,953 140, 13 2, S96 14,435 575, 112 61,776 37, 613 2,039 49,840 45,994 5,451 27, 968 68,214 .38,847, 'a RTo' 54.5.5SJ 54,214| 53,663j 52,900 102 223 2,797 3,767 4,450 4,734 30,795| 31,312 73,1.33| 75,657 17, 4o: 131,993 14,667 5,071 .39,047 18, 435 132,737 15, 295 6,265 39,954 31,123 SO,S07' 5,212 31,2.55 87,783 19,127 19,6.59 70,437 75,597 2.066 2,197| 310, 778 2,116 127,838 36,845 .-0,224 46,967 46,423 54,118 57, 176 327, 331 141,246 60,092 34, 3.39 320, 754 1,991 133,036 37,778 31,045 49,269 45, 788 53, 672 59, 67: 331,003 143,110 59,915 35,650 101,005 106,916 S, 58::, 8, 15,960 16,589 437i 492 45.. 526 45;651 192,0:i7 3,100 .586,890 54, 143 1,310 298,617 2,842 14, 382 582, 988 61,2:i2 39, 093 2,0.33 49,990 44,732 5,314 28, 490 .59,051 196,076 3,481 597, 858 56,204 1,351 308, 265 2,943 16,173 597, 296 61,265 39, 153 2,0; 132,924 15, 711 5,6.';9 40,421 75,071 2. 6:J2 322, 741 1,953| 1.34, K^o! l:;2.646 15, 703 5, 798' 4i,o:;6 73,257 3,104 323, 171 1,952 136,313 June. July. ' August. ! Septe"- 4, 272. 643 4, 155, 965J4, 208, 51214,325, 420 4, 381, 25114, 327, 079 October. Novem- ber. 52, .593 50, 56S| 3,918 3,834' 4,985 4,5.3: 30,899 31,334 90,161 91,249 39,740 41,769 31,54S' 32,324* I 51, 165 44,988 54,4.53 61,963 3.30, 380 146,697 57.241 61,5111 45,667' 56,411 63, 566' 327,662! 153,785 60,627 35,S9S 34,931 101- 8, 5.38 17, .371 ,850 44.864 198, :i29 3,338 606,307 57,012| 1,369 314, 486 2,912 17, 063 608,601 60,687 38,008 2 20,173 131.907' 15, 422 5,777 40,024 72,96l| 3, 331 1 314,825, 2,147j 134,771 42,. 572 32.277 60,957 45,3:i2' 56.. 520 64, 470 325, 464 156,161 111,054' 34, 278 107,375 107,540; 8, 767 8, 700 17,939, 18,125! 894 952' 44,881 44,252 195, 310 3, -m, .595,772' 56. 704 1,678 198,256 3, ,390 600,925 .56, 477 20, 738 1,30,5.38' 14,076' 5,847,' 40, lOsj 72,316 3, 498^ 296, 622 1 2,164 124,068 42,774 31,251 48,819 45, 169 54,961 63,069 319, 362 1.50, .8:i 60, 3.39 33, 927 106,041 8,618 16,620 931 42, 589 191,20:3; 3, 392 691,398 54,241 1,665 .50,9671 3, 828 4,560 33, 152 93,649j 21,154 130,814 14,, 553 5,7071 39,. 506 I 71,491 3,301 ,301,695' 2,036 127,931} 44,933| 32,757 49,251; 45, 67o) 55.911: 62,7141 2,955' 4, 499 34,353' 94,519: 54,744: 761 4,698 34.. 5.52 1 91, 748 56,351 376 Decem- ber. 4,264,979 21,165 22,808 132,931^ 134,8:16 15,1.55; 14,645 5,885! 6,043 39,. 596' 39,609 73,005! 75,202 3,514 3,664 316,.397J 323,512 2,215 2,410 136,446 136,658 46,667 44,007 .33,970! 33,863 50, 758 50, 881 47,724 57,867 62,0:58: 62,004 4,725 33, 779 84,916 22,200 135,818 14,482 5,664 39,418 74,767 3,222 318,382 2,345 131,382 40,600 33, 481 .50,085 64,065 60,090 70,074 73,094 68, 728 314,514 320,842 331,025 148,268 149, 151 151,753 60,932 62,026 65,489 34,005 .35,:!39 :37,819, 108,811 8,940i 16,8451 962 42,514 192, 860 3,463| 604, 863' 53,940 1,698 109, 435 9,265 18,416 922 43, 544 198, 268 3, 686 626,979 56,294 1,685 108, 752 9,271 18,462 926 44,596 199, 386 3,317 634, 348 57,134 1,622 62 010 331 759 148 679 63 332 37 553 106,9.38 8 876 17 858 51,6311 52,018 44,544 43,495 5,670 6,621 313,792 307, :«6, 292,179 296,989, 304,969 2,769! 2,696 2,692 2,655 2,839 18,067 18,567 18,708! 18,001' 18,464 613,172 600.127! .574,. 5.32 582. 29l' 594,120 60.. 5.30, 60,683 36,936 36,420 2,187| 2,270 61,889 51,62 43,609 43, .325 6, .879' 7,241 41,779 .35,920 126,096 127,769 1,9.53 1,,S73' 28, 9451 62,614 4 4,. 598 :;S, 3S7 129, 405 1,7.55' 29,1201 29,191 05,193 66,939 28, 470 67, 476 46, 406 40,218' 127,S:i4, 1 , 682 47,. 561 45,711 41,685 41,729 1.31,417, 132,992 1.619 1,,597 60, .350 36,992j 36,26: 2, 347 2, 300 51,129 51,92 ,2371 60,837 37, 147 2,299 63, 1,57 43,770 44,61 7,444! 7,409 27, 246 27. 162 66,574J 67,682 42,685 43,393 39,610 .39,090 130, 274 1,634 130,645 1,703 47, 101 8,064 28,060 69,689 197,360 3, 543 622,926 .56,536 1,651 306,108| 305,793 3,043 3,061 17,212 16,107 600, 679 600, 349 62,4,S5 62,880 38,134 2,236 53, 559 38, 690 2,184 52,556 49,, 593 49,788 7,943 28, 453 68, 871 7,291 28, 469 66,002 54,471 88 4,8.35 31,954 79,019! Women 16 years and over. Janu- ary. 1.034,765 4,726 1 30 317 9,960 Febru- ary. March, l,052,024'l,070,.563 21,8.30 1,237 135,042' 44,480 39, .540 40,719 129,014 129,242 1,860 1,903 40, 783 129,247 1,9. 14,606; 6,548j 38, 770' 70,067 2,406 319, 594 1 2, 309I 1.30, ,5.54! 2,530 639 4,724 1 29 340 9,967 1, 44, 795 2,633 625 2,129 13,262 13,019 63' 63 57,6:361 58,891 70 17,670 38,648, 6,465 32, 606 48,531 62, 618 65,134 60,672 332,731 143, 293 60,016 35,827 103,685' 8,479 17,414 796 45,209: 196,227 3,340 601,883 54,694 1,460 305, 834 3,093 15, 337 604, 677 63, 190 38,383 2,114 51,761 48, 624 6,763 28,288 62, 456 44,9:j9, 45,042 43,42Sj 40,995 .'-::< .39,976 127,.353J 1,980' 2,436 8,051 4,747 16,120 21,127 150, 769 22, 151 8,276 2,169 21,692 14, 2,346 6 19,917 61,296 9 235,, 506 18, 433 175 53,454 235 1,316 1.32,571 31,236 12, 327 265 6,550 2,514 706 4,463 11,686 1,211 2,966 16,748 31 68 18, 169 6,603 2,460 8,261 4,806 16,237 20,233 151,492 23, 124 8,359 2,119 22,034 150 2,284 6 19,970 62, 402 9 243,969 IS. 705 1,82 64,664 236 1, 313 134,604 31, 182 12, 444 268 6,535 2,497 698 4,621 11,863 1,225 3, 105 17,271 32 4,667 1 29 367 9,981 .\pril. 1,061,391 4,623 1 29 392 10,. 1,223 1,234 46,485' 43,906 2,707, 2,548 6I7' 615 2,224J 2,075 13,044 13,023 66; 68 60,796' 61,527 75; 70 18,516 18,394 6,545^ 6,512 2,533 2,633 8,268 8,167 4,890 4,570 16,056| 16,460 21,595 21,742 1,52,948; 162,134 23, ,399 23, 416 S,29lj 8,262 2,168 2,306 22,692' 22,022 1:J9, 139 2, ,378 2,413 20,066 20,1 63, 330 9 251,666 18,945 181 65,211 246 1,336 135,544 30,919 12,414 268 6,631 2, ,503 746 4,828 11,966 11,759 1,254 1,184 3,178: 3,268 17,6,S4 17,697 :i2' 32 62, 644 54 248,578 18,610 189 64,679 244 1.350 133, 485 30,442 12,632 271 6,415 2,443 784 4,887 GENERAL TABLES. 73 AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS EMPLOYED DURING EACH MONTH — COntimiCd. Women li> years and over— Continued. Children under Hi years. May. 1,047,486 June. July. l,034,8«il,015,034 396j ll,110j 1,238^ 43,556[ 2,313i C«7' 1.91.5 4,474 24' 30i 403( 13,721 1.309 43, 377 2. 462 587 l.tiilll Septem- ber. October. Novem- ber. 1,054,1.53 1,116,005 1,129,222 1, 098, OliS 1,074,031 153, 3( Decern- '■ Janu- bor. ary. " Miirch. 154,639 4. 404 98 436 1.41X1 42, 852' 2,206 563' 1,805 4,337 96 40 712 21,499 l..il9 43. 079 3,976 570 1.9.S7 4.394 90 40 95s' 20,010 1,575 45, 165| 5, 136 619 1 2.044 1,466 46,020J 3, .504 6231 2, 316 6.660 6.927 6,926 2.614 2.608 2.601 8,229 8,044 8.008 4. 175 4, 139 4,14S 16,524 16.532 15,974 23,247 24,707| 149, 16l' 144,977 23,617 24,008 8, 204 8. 192 1,890 1,.865 23, 70S. 139, 77S' 23,66.5, S,1S7^ 1,709, 8,303 4,357 16,630 33,040 133, ,S92 24.691| 8, 625 1,631 9,610 8,500 3,064 3,026 S,767 9,008 4,473' 4,847 18,357 18,608 36, 4S2 139, 159 26,989 8,842' 1,795' 2,182 21.950 21,693^ 21.580 23,220 14l! 144 ia5 135 2,436 2,429 2,325 2,633| 9 9 11 11 20,059J 19,931 19,6.37' 19,318 61,890' 61,022 59,.SS4| 62,572 54 541 .55' 7J 239,764 2.32,596 229. 39o! 240.065 I ' I I 18,431 18,287 17,518 16,953| 1,S.5 191 175 191 54,117; 54,306 246 244 1,401! 1,725' 134,112i 131,208 29,932, 29,973 .52,. 5.57 .55.517 241 293 1.701 1.517! 11,841 267 6,355 2,403 8 4,7 11,629 1,244 3,301 17,738 34 11, .501 272, 6,2.55 129,248 1.30,023 29,682 29,703 11,202 11,195 275 295 6,296 6, 756 2,483 2,534' 930 973 4,666 4,494 11,750 11,102 1,306 1,245 3,224 3,027 17,765 18,. 562 34 33 2.. 507 1.211 4,228 12,9,36 1,.357| 3,142! 18, 836| 34 65.842 66,011 91 102 257,746! 262,809 18,105| 18,369 204 237 .58,954' 58,830 294 285 1,724! 1,579 134,770, 138,227 30,487! 31,477 11,629] 12,078 314 29, 7,014 6,789 2.398 2,467j 1,635 1,595 4.399 4,, 529! 13,446| 12,306' 1,453 1,,522 3,519' 3,648 19, 095] 18,366 36 36 4, 626. 1 33 494 14,030 1,358 45,931 2,774 630 2,482 12,429 12,311 12,0071 U.265 11.926 12.845 13.254 75 lis' 104' 80 120' 120' 106 61.166 ,5Sl.S16 ,56.162, 58.051 62,490 64,424 62,684 65 63 65' Ii5 69 69 74 1S,.5,S9 18,478 16.839, 19,855 24,099, 23,126 18,954 7,428 2,871 8,540 5,081 17,952 31,338 22,942 148,806 150,09: 26.856; 25,414 8.683 2,419 24,557 24,537| 23,922 137 144 153 2,8881 2,826' 2,795 9 7 19,886 20,211' 20,033 256,778 18, 606 243 56,! 265 1,427 139,296 32,003 12,450 293 6,920 2,530 1,078 4,541 11,629, 18, 065 31 4,552 I'l 34 400 11,797 1,349, 46,002' 2, 731 637^' 2,371; 4,048 3 13 431 1,217 261 4,083 5118 333 13,295 7,832 94' 34 61,14511 4,568 75': 38 18,07l|i 3,278 7, 239 2,817 6li2 8, 230j 1, 869 5,015 1,339 16,451, j 1,091 21,627i, 4,468 151,317!i 14,7 23,910 1 2,984 8,540' 250 2,395|| 1,325 23, ,329^! 4,178 154 2, 751 I 2.S7 6 4 19,895 .897 4,060 3 13 448 1,.305 156,565 4,040 3 13 475 1,281 April. May. 4,198 3 Au- gust. Sep- tem- ber. Octo- ber. No- I De- vem- cem- ber. ' ber. 158, 136 158, 260 160, 255 1.56, 043 161, 914 4,085 14 265 282 4.173| 4,301 565', 5521 7o! 71 1 354 .363, 5.30 519, 1.344 1,.391 286 292 4.218 4,214 567 571 4,090 18| 19 524 1,607 306 4,2,35! 586 ,501 32 4,005, 34 1 21 523! 2, 450 ; 296 4.247' 73 314 4,094 37 19 595 "2, .354 317 4, 310 922 73 328 169, 164 167,259 162,259 160,93:! 1 4,075' 32! 19! 642i 1,7931 337 1 4, a58 1,107! 75' 340; 4,311, 19I 19 557' 1,.565 4,280 1 19 513' 1, 384 4,274 2 1 3 19 4 507 5 1, ,305 6 379 334, ,327 4,414 4,49!) 4.. 560 712' 5:i5, 552 7, 446 7, 463| 32' 331 4, 971 1 5,006 38 :i7! 3,243, 3, 3151 S89| 886 946 666' 662 6.59 1,892, 1,916| 1,915 1.253 1.3:W 1.211 1.130| 1,131 1,293, 7,0,S7 35i 5,009j ,37 3, 4,39 1 1,014 689 2,005J 1,179 1, 490i 7,07 47' 5,048| 41 3,504 1,086| 683 2.040| 1,184 1,.582: 6,,S31| 6,470 6,811 45 40 47 4,803J 4,880; 5,266 43! 43' 37 2,775 3,076 4,023 81 76 71 10 340 329 1 335 11 7,562 7 71- 7,750 12 4s! 46' 41 13 5,266 4,958^ 4,822 14 39 i'J 39 15 4,467| 4,551| 4,6781 4,919 5,299; 14,845' 14,946' 14,856 14,7.50 14,647, 3,071j 3,074! 3,200 3,:!29| 3,5:S8 252' 254 268 324 357 l,:B8i 1,3361 1,405; 1,190 1,191 1,074 716 1,984J 1,189! 1 1,600' 5,495 14,480 3, 653 370 1,.503 1,: 814 i 2,0,56^ 2,087 1,211 1,344 1,753 2,075 8,057| 8,614 14,333 14,374 3,624: 3,444 435 490 2.59, 4 8781 4,264[ 56 278! 4 4, 319 54 314 4 906 360 63, .391 54 54 246, 621 18,650 235 55,313 267 1,299| 139,0401 31, 868; 12,615' 277, 6,816 2.469' 1,000 4,402 11,808; 7.81l| 7,856 18' 7,,S07' 9421 8,070 18, 18, 19 7.860! 7,922! 7,897 11,749; ll,9.57j 11,924 29' 29 29 4, 472| 56, 346 1 4 973! 8,010i 23 7,825 11,920 33 4,. 505 1 60 397! 4 1,001 1,112| 1,089, 1,1 4,:322, 4,769; 4,895 66 66 59 402J 592! 708 41 4 4 1,0.59! 1,044' 1,012 8,052' 7,484 42, 48 74r 64' 1,263 63 1,347, 1,300: 3,:i88 3,232' 17,813! 31' 4,791 64 179 33, 268 5,172 9, 834 33 2, i:i6 104 155 2, 854 4,S66| 63, 172: 33, 674 4,8.89 6:! I84! 4,960| 63 j 194 1,098! 211; 7.8711 8.029! 8,165! 8,416 11,726 11,169; 10,790j 11,556 38' ;i8! 39 1 5,5.34! 4,924' 5,116 5,269 76, 75' 76 251' 278 2:i8 2.37 3,8471 3,497; 3, 452, 16 1,128' 972 9::,2! 17 841 760 710 18 2,086 1,907 1,799,19 1,:J82 20 1,168 21 1,587 1,547 l,766l 1,573 6,760j 4,607j 4, 481; 22 14,922 15,023 15,S04S23 3,259j 3,146! 3,065J24 319 26o' 26125 1,347, l,38l! l,36l|26 1 4,802' 4,, 505 4,406 27 60' 60 60 28 4441 379j ,359' 29 4i 4 4 30 992! 984! 983 31 1,292| 58 l,27l! 8, 263| 8, 240] 32 .52 .33, 33 7,933! 7,752 34 11,653; 11,734 11. 822! 35 37 4o! 40 36 5, 2861 34,1.50i 34,438, 34, ,597, 34, ,529, 32, 47?! 33,159; 35,209 5,1591 5,1921 5,134 9,998] 10.067' 10.108 31; 32 :« 2.1:15 2,150 2,126 794 100 171 2,837! 800 117, 181 2,985 98 91! 106 1,007 1,005 1,06S 3,84l| 3,96l| 4,032 8 8' 7 7.S1 12SJ 3, 1.56 100, 1,142 4,138| 5,054 9, 569 28 2, 154 806' 155! 1,89 3,266; 107J 1,177 4, 108 5,0221 9,494! 30, 2, 1.55 904 1.87, 251 3, 433 124 1,194' 4,271 1 5, 100! 9,, 307' 33 2.232 905 243J 292 5,272 9,. 370' 37 2.317 .858 :i52 264 5,348 9,592 41 2,299 764 397 258 789 304 212 3,343; 3,614 3,713! 3,443, 6,206 77, 71 19o' 177' 36,080, 35,9.37, 5,201 37 71 38 161 1 39 35,894' 40 5,452 5,454! 6,395,41 9,704' 10,018' 10, 107' 42 34 33 34: 43 2,226 2,271 2,247 44 1401 1,049! 4,324J 10, 145 9('>0 4,420 9 1.52, 1.2:15 4, 361, 121 1,304 4,183 848 831' 45 125 128; 46 221' 216 47 3,140! 3,096 48 89 83, 49 1,223 1,208 50 4,08?; 4,0,38; 51 7 6 52 74 MANUFACTURES. Table 5. ^SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, [The number preceding the name of the industry indicates Group 14 AORICUliTlJRAL, IMPLiKMENTS. (See also special report on Agricultural implements.) — STATE OR TERKITORY. Number ol estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States .' 648 8196,740,700 $12,648,650 S26, 547, 1.50 826,036,717 8131,508,183 589 106, 623 25 3 16 82 41 30 7 6 13 9 42 21 3 21 3 8 10 76 13 71 43 4 12 4 10 11 52 13 2,240,143 320, 374 792,004 71,383,289 14,623,187 3, ,319, 102 629,439' 1,898,666 393,8.59 731,710 14,342,106 7,793,316 38, 6.50 1,299,575 134,600 62, 100 432, 195 23,436,429 116,735 24,301,986 5,460,011 13, 351 756,812 147,271 ■ 490, 725 329,990 20,837,995 515, 100 158, 198 11,600 13, 650 6,118,380 1,000,274 114,373 45,400 166, .300 38,430 7,400 559,432 136,366 5.50 1.38,650 201,928 75,000 157,449 10,689,969 2,283,839 449,833 92, 200 225,600 60.850 36,926 1,410,165 799,069 4,600 191,914 15,000 9,000 75,967 2,926,797 23,600 3, 660, 252 746,505 2,465 108, 183 12,800 77,600 48,906 2,072,312 88,421 248, 276 148,892 208,. 372 11,588,525 1,263,391 349, 677 126,426 246, 400 76,011 99,127 1,141,299 642.551 14,400 185,020 00,300 16,400 54,767 2,998,146 27,, 550 3,186,546 803, 040 3, .500 126,574 18,928 102,889 53,115 2, 129,. 587 116,408 1,631,741 84,882 412,533 42,986,415 9,975,663 2,405,219 365,413 1,280,366 218,568 588,257 11,231,210 6,215,330 19, 100 784,091 59,300 33, 460 280,086 16,509,581 61,625 15,922,666 3, 493, 560 6,786 ■4 72,. 305 113,593 271,236 202, 369 15, 638, 620 264,218 21 3 14 76 36 28 6 4 n 9 39 18 2 21 3 9 73 11 70 33 3 11 3 9 9 48 12 605 590 1,557 46,648 3,916 1,918 2.55 983 1,691 888 6,659 2,717 45 856 32 365 423 13,342 206 9,152 3,240 34 704 50 666 383 8,101 597 •^ ^ 6 7 n q in n 1'' 13 15 16 17 3,250 21, 375 1,001,905 3,960 1,532,522 416,306 600 49,750 1,950 39,000 25, 600 997,476 40,053 IS 19 ''O ■"I Ohio -■-- 90 o? South Carolina ''I ''6 Vermont •>7 OS oq Group 14.— AIWiTIlJlNITlON. (See also Firearms.) Group 14. ARTIFICIAL FEATHERS AND Fl,OWERS. (See also ITIillinery and lace goods.) United States Florida Illinois Maryland New .Jersey New York Pennsylvania All other states ^ ... 213 3 17 3 14 149 19 8 82.567,648 4,700 119,470 75,018 65.915 1,864,662 409,088 28,795 .573, 805 100 4,600 3,800 8. 3.55 8,200 45,500 3,250 S80, 219 200 9,600 2,369 10, 800 18,500 35,. 500 3,250 !t328, 775 1,100 10,910 6,0,50 15,850 249,501 41,829 4, 535 :,849 3,300 94,360 63, 799 30,910 ,688,461 286, 259 17,760 1 United States 32 .512,116,996 $354,940 $1,076,588 $3,033,062 57,652,406 19 7,533 4 5 3 4 5 11 499,000 8,157,9.54 164,676 1,6.57,745 172,432 1,465,190 45.000 222, 764 8,200 11,000 5,976 62, 000 42,000 875, 188 32, 2,50 24,050 24,500 78,600 90,000 2,080,774 41,476 614,449 7,892 298, 471 322,000 4,979,228 82,749 1, 108, 246 134,064 1,026,119 4 6 1 4 335 5,260 60 1,563 3 5 Ohio 7 All other states 2 . . 1- ^ 315 10 2 13 106 Group 4 — ARTIFI€lAt. L.IITIBS. (See also Surgical ai)i>liance».) United States California Colorado Illinois Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New York Ohio Pennsylvania Texas Virginia All other states *. . . 104 S442, 266 18,300 2,300 25,062 28,947 7,7,50 04, 052 17.070 142,080 8,230 47, 165 6,5.50 5, ,391 68,789 3, 500 700 50 3,000 1,000 's"426' 3,000 200 200 3.000 500 211.50 $126,836 .5.800 850 5,279 5. 470 3. 175 20. 279 5.370 43,004 4,810 16,822 2,460 860 12,677 S2S9,710 12,500 1,460 19, 783 16,977 3,675 44,123 11,700 93,078 3,420 28. 843 4,100 4,641 46,522 18 ilndudes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 2; Arltansas, 1; Colorado, 1; Maryland, 2; North Dakota, 1; Oregon, I; South Dakota, 2; Utah 1; Washington, 1; West Virginia, 1. ' = IndiKles establishments distributed as follows: Iowa, 1; Kentucky. 1; Miiinc, 1; Massachusetts, 2; Michigan, 2: Nebraska, 1; New .Icrsey, 1; New York 1; Vermont, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 75 BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905. the group to which each industry is assigned in Table 3.] Group 14.— AGRlCriiXURAIi IIWPl,EmElVTS. (Moo also si>eclal report on Agricultural IinplenientK.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. 496 66 13 39 54 5 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Aggregate. Olficers of corporations. Number. ' Salaries Niiinbcr. Salaries. IS 42 13 7, 199 ; 1146 17 35 1,929 231 129 19 713 219 99, 440 17,148 44.124 2. 152. 293 4BH. 1511 204.277 35. 705 135. 092 12. 700 35,804 678. o09 319. 375 3 37 934 8 918 220 "".34" 23 21 1.017 19 93.1111 6, 000 2. 200 ■;o. 005 809, 322 9,250 1.001.714 226. 832 81.481,818 120 42 29 3 64 16. 200 5. Si IS 16.000 429, 389 100. 507 40, 848 7,120 28, 600 3,200 12,000 124.720 74, 745 29, 100 2,500 53 6 103 13, 050 144,912 7,600 230, 794 54,006 50.593 9,400 31.084 , 20,220 1,050,112 22,330 17, 700 4, 600 10,000 3,000 98,613 6,140 General superintendents, managers, cli rli.-t, etc, I I al. I Men. Niinil>or. Salaries. Nunibi-r. 0. 592 86,090,828 79 1 12 I 1 , 803 347 121 17 24 049 221 3 29 881 2 815 189 83, 240 11,340 27, 524 1,722,904 365, 689 163, 429 28,585 106, 492 J, 500 23,804 653, 683 244, 630 64, 001 3,600 2,200 26,956 664, 410 1,650 770,920 172, 826 32,893 4,800 21,084 17,220 951, 499 16, 190 Salaries. .?5, 767, 189 Wonieii. Number. I Salaries. AVAGE-EARNERS. Greatest numljer employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 09 9 1 . 588 318 177 23 115 13 19 668 200 78, 022 10, 352 27, 104 1,019.469 351,958 153, 301 26, 605 103, 292 8,800 21, 720 520, 246 234, 148 10 3 1 215 29 25 4 6 4 ; 5 ' 81 21 : 4, 018 988 420 103, 436 13, 631 10, 128 2,080 3,200 700 2,084 33, 338 10, 482 27 809 60,637 3,500 j 1,900 26, 445 632,480 j 1,650 713, 156 164,074 3,424 300 510 31,930 21 , S 20 16 ! 915 ; 13 1 2<(,946 ; 4,800 j 21,084 ■ 14,960 920,252 16,190 129 I 21] 6 ; 57.764 8,152 "2,'948' 4 58 ' 2,260 31,247 aroui> 14 AMMUNITIOIV. (See also Firearms.) Group 14 ARTIFICIAL. FEATHKRS AND FliOWEKS. (See also Millinery and lace goods.) Group 4.— ARTIFICIAIi lillTIBS. (See also Surgical appliances.) 29,513 706 250 207 76 8.52 306 20,273 10,113 4,322 2,608 1,632 720 175 26 1,204 796 201 84 502 340 4.110 1,736 1,696 622 36 19 846 360 69 6 71 33 326 95 8,516 2,897 160 103 7,612 3,280 2,074 2,141 17 9 846 466 72 43 288 207 446 234 4,897 1,909 226 129 24 ii 389 ' S591,602 ' 47 S172, 100 342 S419. 442 299 $396,432 43 823,010 8,365 6,188 1 j ■ 24 1 24 188 j ■ 8,800 97,000 18 226 13 34 8 43 15, 388 306,732 12, 340 33, 409 9,280 42,293 14 207 11 24 6 37 14 016 1 4 1 :\79. 129 6,466 101 898 298 483 lOS 4,868 81 602 196 338 •> 8 : 244 ' 403, 732 ' 18 ; 13 i 12,340 290. 442 11,080 28,229 7,900 38,765 19 2 10 2 6 10,290 1,260 6,180 1,.380 3.628 3 4 ,1 45 ' 72 909 11 39,500 2,000 24.260 ■i 4 j 10 11,880 ' 2 12 53 06.5.53 , 10 6 7 • 289 281 8231.836 3 .88, 100 278 8223. 7.36 191 8169, 104 87 $54,032 6,081 2,640 1 4 21 5 18 205 27 9 1 6 210 'I 780 7.410 3,108 4,571 175.. 374 38.. 343 2.250 1 9 4 6 207 47 4 780 7,410 3,108 4.671 107.274 38, 343 . 2.250 1 I i 3 148 26 2 780 6,500 3,108 2,571 127,791 27, 154 1,200 3" 69 21 2 9i6l 2,' 666" .39,483 i 11,189 1,050 33 198 142 134 4,810 083 ,81 15 146 63 71 1,860 444 62 3 4 5 3 8,100 6 7 8 110 115 887.970 20 S22.982 96 804.988 63 S50, 049 32 814,339 376 319 1 8 4 6 11 6 6 7 15 6 18 3 4 18 1 j 20 33 15 14 30 17 108 8 69 7 9 38 18 2 29 9 10 34 12 97 7 61 5 5 30 9, 3 15 1 1 32 6 23 6 20 1 1 11 10,740 249 4 1,332 11 1 1 1 "i 14 1 1 9 9,414 249 1,500 18,8,56 3, 053 12.781 520 8,151 1,800 960 7, 654 7 7,283 4 1 2,131 249 4 6 1 560 1 21 4 11 1,560 15,616 2,325 7,026 fi 31,156 3,063 3 12,300 8 1 11 1 d 3,240 728 !' 5,166 520 1,235 7 S 14,381 2,920 11,101 1 800 1 4 1,600 2,400 2,960 9 10 10 1 1 0,916 1,800 960 6,674 11 13 10,064 2 2,400 2 1,080 14 ^Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 1; Louisiana, 1; Massachusetts, 2; Michigan, 1: Missouri, 1; Ohio, 2. ^Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 1; Connecticut, 1; District of Columbia, 2; lndiana,2; Iowa,2; Kentuci:y,l; Maryland, 1; Oregon,!; Tennessee, 1; Washington, 2; Wisconsin, 2. 76 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY (Jroup 14.— AGKICCIiTUKAl. IMPliEMElVTS— Continued. STATE OR TERRITORY. WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent ol works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States Calilornia Connecticut Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maine Massachusetts Micliigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire 47,394 $25,002,650 46, 631 $24, 777, 846 579 8191,308 184 $33, 496 $16,178,098 S81, 113 $714,836 ? 479 181 584 15,3,59 3,543 1,027 105 970 153 418 3,164 1,176 22 .525 25 45 204 6,279 107 5,659 2,394 12 613 47 247 314 3,569 173 348, 531 81,698 170,723 8,851,404 1,840,609 469, 690 52, 181 438, 101 77, 471 212,586 1,685,677 637, 232 8,310 261, 116 15,025 24, 767 89, 787 3,240,885 .39, 883 2,909,540 1, 103, 441 4,065 216, 306 23,943 113,524 115, 727 1,885,775 93,653 473 175 550 14,914 3,488 1,023 104 950 151 417 3,142 1,175 22 ,521 25 45 204 6,251 103 5,619 2,376 12 593 47 238 312 3,530 171 347, 101 80,278 166, 607 8,703,663 1, 823, 786 469, 204 52,056 435, 101 76,850 212,386 1,681,545 638,868 8,310 260, 181 15,025 24,767 89, 787 3,233,585 30, 328 2,894,691 1,099,719 4,065 213,231 23,943 111,589 115,277 1,874,628 93,278 6 6 34 4 13 4 1 20 1,430 1,420 4,116 741 2,425 486 125 3,000 122, 986 16, 263 71, 728 3,960,647 1, 694, 046 337, 149 62, 124 316, 892 20,140 63,564 1,902,406 541, 739 1,203 57, 362 6,574 4,449 53,082 1,329,244 5,108 1, 053, 747 566, 272' 6,794 65, 203 36, 402 41,659 20, 640 2, 278, 736 55,060 1, 425 11, 404 2,029 7,376 208, 349 75, 200 12, 463 3,621 13, 163 2,506 6,994 78,891 21,413 108 3,664 108 422 1,159 62,600 788 114,757 10,904 54 4,964 668 2, 143 1,823 64, 561 2,814 3 4 4,700 19, .528 1,920 2,938 S 6 7 441 42 147, 003 14,398 8 q in 2 1 1 621 200 725 364 322 13, 702 2,682 2,246 240 4,029 436 100 400 6,382 140 1,977 685 126 11 " -""1 12 13 20 3,407 14 15 16 1 300 3 636 17 IS 19 New York 19 4,789 9 4 1 17 2,511 655 176 3,487 ?0 ■'1 Ohio 39 1 14,673 235 <>? Pennsylvania. .. - 9,3 •>4 3 825 17 2,260 ?5 Texas 750 60 6,340 8,497 1,600 96 Vermont . 7 1,635 2 2 19 300 450 6, 607 375 ?7 Virginia Wisconsin 28 29 20 5,540 ■Group 1 4.— AOTOTUNIXION— Continued. 1 United States California 7,410 84,032,310 4,836 $3,246,632 2,622 $775,367 62 810,311 $2,963,030 812, 827 $50,434 •>, 117 5,805 87 741 267 403 57, 673 3, 443, 766 21, 700 275, 384 50,359 183,529 81 4,037 68 400 18 232 42, 818 2,865,973 17, 710 172,945 7,153 140,033 36 1,768 19 341 219 149 14, 756 675, 162 3,990 102,439 39,906 39,116 59, 498 2,519,230 19, 658 202, 406 8,796 153, 442 2,938 35,639 202 3,888 186 7,681 3 Connecticut . . 10 2,630 875 180 2,782 330 8,660 4 Illinois >i Ohio 6 Pennsylvania 29 22 3,301 4,. 380 7 All other states Group 14.— ARTIFICIAL FE:ATHERS AND FLOWERS— Continued. United States, 2 Florida 3 Illinois 4 Maryland 5 New Jersey 6 New York 7 Pennsylvania 8 ! All other states 4,343 81,396,817 604 $315,604 3,645 $1,049,902 194 $31,311 $470,200 $180,358 $2, 447 23 6,440 50,978 24, 624 23,227 1, 101, 605 170,436 20, 607 17 36 12 9 462 70 S 4,604 17, 102 3,683 5,022 235,099 45, 482 4,712 6 130 103 74 2,846 336 51 936 32, 602 20,841 17, 378 860, 981 102, 772 14, 392 894 31, 263 12, 174 8,606 364.267 48,299 4, 697 360 5,902 1,560 2,103 165, 784 12,040 2,609 9 291 22 257 683 1,014 171 171 115 6 1,274 89 3,325 533 67 6 28 147 8 827 5,525 22, 182 1,503 Group 4 — AKTIFICIAI. LiIMBS— Continued, 1 United States 342 ,$221,913 321 $216,211 14 $5,301 7 $1,401 $198, 173 S52, 468 S2, 403 2 California 19 2 31 12 11 34 14 103 65 6 7 31 12, 127 1,200 24, 264 7,018 9,228 21,. 547 9,842 64, 466 4,300 41,961 2,820 2,432 20,718 19 2 30 10 11 32 14 94 7 69 5 7 31 12,127 1,200 24,089 6,238 9,228 20, 647 9,842 61, 464 4,300 40, 466 2,460 2,432 20, 718 3, 855 2,090 24, 860 5, 412 3,977 34,239 8, 840 71,654 3,069 20,042 2,464 3, 254 14,427 2,226 720 6,701 2,465 1,860 3,580 3,696 15, 640 1,590 9,734 700 380 4,176 22 20 90 101 67 83 83 154 18 40 19 1,505 201 3 Colorado 4 Illinois Massachusetts Michigan 1 175 1. 5 780 ! ' 6 2 900 i 1 8 Missouri 9 4 i,822 ' ""s'j i,"i76' 10 Ohio Pennsylvania Texas ■. Virginia 11 12 4 1 1,204 2 231 360 1 13 14 All other states i 1 1 1 ""i GENERAL TABLES. 77 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued. Group 14 — A«i«ICUl4TUKAl. IMPLEMENTS-Cnntiiiued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES — cont'd. Rout of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. S14, 248,729 110,007 14,224 59,502 3, 717, 542 1,515,638 310, 109 48,253 303,729 17,312 35, 245 l,7SS.09li 518, 0.« 8.V) 48, 487 6,031 3,927 50, 323 1,2.39,841 3, 755 1,504,925 541,183 5,365 59,299 19,584 39,366 12, 477 2,205,328 50,246 $133, 420 150 1.50 15, 228 1,2SS H,li39 250 7,613 32, 736 1,282 1,200 421 425 13,500 1,250 950 15,400 350 500 COST OF MATEEIALS USED. Aggregate, S4S, 281,401) 723,902 117,420 i'i01,,894 17,7.50, S.">2 2,975. 4liS 1,3.W,712 204.. V22 1,091,345 .5,.")fi5 2.52,036 3,497,210 1,089,641 13,630 4.52,056 13, li86 13,568 117,. 596 5, 678. 339 .50,950 5,692.218 2,074.973 12.635 314,279 74,233 182,403 182, 433 3,519,8.56 1.51,984 Principal nuitrrials. Total. .?45,14S,231 (39,246 96,384 .564,898 16,4.8H,367 2, 722, 195 1,2.83,509 193,323 1,048,262 59,831 235, 778 3,346,686 1,019,746 12,475 419,340 12,691 11,045 109, H82 5,341,500 44,945 5,369,025 1,982,571 12, 395 290,044 68,783 167, 616 171,649 3, 294, 880 143, 365 Purchased in raw state. $97,348 312 49,718 20,000 481 3,090 2, 783 2,876 Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing " all other materials"). 845,050,883 2,260 "s'iog 200 244 9,075 645 555 639,246 96, 384 564, 898 16,486,055 2, 672, 477 1,283,509 193,323 1,028,262 59, 350 232, 688 3, 343, 903 1,016,870 12, 475 419, 340 12,691 8,785 109,682 ■ 5, 336, 391 44, 945 5, 368, 825 1,982,327 12, 395 290,044 68,783 158,541 171,004 3,294,325 143,365 Fuel, $1,756,298 20, 033 15, 730 20, 504 677, 209 113, 081 26, 274 6,161 29,969 8,795 9,231 90, 224 58, 553 650 16, 190 2,120 4,624 227, 673 3, 185 169, 408 65, 457 180 22,461 1,960 11,802 7,898 143, 062 5,737 Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. S46, 872 $485, 453 145 10,009 6,724 1, 615 100 1, 545 448 193 8,371 9.58 5,770 "iso 620 600 623 1,300 3,583 1,989 1,997 223, 501 17,708 19, 398 2,713 7,430 604 1,772 31,929 5,042 25 4,341 38 403 970 42,909 420 63,386 i 11,803 60 774 299 2,985 B80 37,877 817 $844, .552 53, 675 3,317 14, 350 353,786 115,760 25, 916 3,225 4,139 5,887 5,062 20, 000 6,342 480 13, 185 650 2,420 60, 487 2,400 90, 269 14,522 1,000 2,915 1,606 43,414 765 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. $112,007,344 1 1,483,746 269, 743 1,039,671 38, 412, 452 . 8,060,576 2 3 t 6 2,692,212 395,262 : 2,190,917 1 206,650 664,051 7 8 9 10 11 8, 719, 719 2,885,056 38,000 1,068,008 46,000 12 13 14 15 16 61,860 391,926 13,045,891 126, 865 12,891,197 17 18 19 20 21 5,016,679 34,932 768,895 187,134 22 23 24 25 441,671 404,281 10,076,760 398, 192 26 27 28 29 Group 1 I AJ^tMHJNITION— Continued. S2, 878, 769 $21,000 $10,600,929 $10,249,745 $78,705 $10,171,040 $131,668 *2,376 ! 818,870 I $198,270 $19, 930, ,821 1 35,560 2,482,816 19,276 195, 736 8,280 137, 101 21.000 509,. 590 7,803,630 168,160 1,219, .521 1 109,641 i 790, 387 497,340 7,505,193 165, 971 1,203,200 109,066 768,976 497,340 |l 7,450,483 !| 165,471 '' 1,179,725 109,066 ll 768,955 4,650 106,449 -. 1,200 ■ 2,300 11,502 689 1 3,313 15 1,051 4,100 180, 486 520 650 12,514' 780,400 15, 394, 485 228,925 1,920,317 208,698 1,397,996 ■> 54,710 500 23, 475 3 980 .. 12,008 560 .. 7,021 350' 826" 4 5 6 20 7 $142, 129 1,367 1,^350 19,059 2,846 1,850 30, 576 5,061 55, 560 1,461 9,845 1,745 1,369 10,050 309 423 Group 14.— ARTIFICIAL, FEAXIIEKS AND Fl.O'^VEBS— Continued. $259,262 $28,133 .525 25,070 8,2&5 6,246 182, 124 35,245 1,767 2,307 2.5,'676' 150 0,896 2,0.53 10,. 581 6,355 4,052 21,215 8,778 40,265 3,911 14, 734 2,462 2,560 12, 781 $2,014,381.1 8, 256 87,678 53, 193 25, 123 1,462,829 366,879 10,422 $136,645 $1,995,910 8,076 83,476 .52,911 23,889 1,4.53,140 364, 313 10,105 $367,217 $1,628,693 4,080 3,996 83, 476 52,911 22,972 1,210,672 246,311 8,456 917 242,, 568 118,002 1,650 $8, 580 180 942 255 902 4,824 1,407 70 195 Group 4.— AKTIFICIAI, L,IMBS-Continued. $129,076 6, 615 1,936 10,297 6,1.36 3,47" $6, 134 $122,942 1,000 5,615 1,935 400 , 9,, 897 6,1,36 1,59 3,722 634 82 4,714 15 2 30 336 475 20,060 8,323 38,350 3,705 13,633 2 194 2,485 11,846 1,.525 350 2, 150 664 "45' IS,. 335 7,973 36,200 3,705 12,969 2,194 50 201 55 61) 40 176 66 1113 25 42:! 62 1 , 028 46 336 507 1,248 40 114 409 500 8 94 IIU 52 2, 4.83 11,801 $4, 340 3,050 25 143 807 150 165 13 30 137 1.30 $5,246,822 20,200 217,362 151,675 84, 667 3,996,903 721,940 54,075 S.883,731 ; 1 42,025 2 13, 180 3 87,465 4 31,698 5 23,960 6 132,573 7 48, 206 8 256, 466 9 20,050 10 114,105 19,878 11,277 11 12 13 82,858 14 78 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY <>roiip ».— AKXIFICIAl, STONE. (See also lUarlJle and stone ^vorlt.) STATE OR TERRITORY. United States California Colorado Connecticut Florida Georgia Illinois Indian Territory . . . Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Jersey New York North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Peimsylvania South Dakota Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states ^ ... Number of estab- lish- ments. Total. $3,315,910 262,350 9,630 57, 650 70, 482 38, 725 120, 737 13, 450 174,013 176, 128 63, 443 14,747 118,405 200,329 37, 484 76, 773 80, 787 628, 982 29, 900 437, 460 30, 624 309,354 37, 495 26, 550 15, 600 111,647 174, 165 $385, 618 22, 210 400 7,000 6,278 8,900 25,500 21, 080 22, 250 10, 706 18, 200 21, 356 350 10, 455 9,000 79,000 28, 465 1,300 40,953 1,000 14,400 13,415 22, 600 Buildings. 3440,4 32, 400 2,260 3,700 3,440 1,925 21,167 800 18,830 28,848 6,805 2,381 26, 675 18, 850 4,700 6,360 10, 100 50, 788 7,000 78, 400 2,905 58,064 6,000 2,900 1,600 24, 975 18,615 Machinery, tools, and implements. S861, 113 57, 723 4,880 11,911 19, 727 8,600 29, 780 7,100 70, 167 60, 195 20, 244 6,600 36, 630 34, 411 11, 200 22, 505 20, 323 91,304 14,000 119, 506 8,581 97, 469 16, 250 3,300 8,100 20,931 59, 876 Cash and sun- dries. $1,628,711 160,017 2,100 36, 039 41,037 19,400 44,290 5,550 63, 936 64, 835 25,688 6,866 36,900 125, 712 21,234 37, 463 41, 364 407, 890 8,100 211,089 17, 838 112,868 14, 246 4,960 5,900 52, 326 73, 074 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 2,781 5 35 32 4 210 132 47 38 38 77 330 25 35 265 20 6 92 217 Group 14.— ABXISXS' mAXERIALrS. 28 8875, 770 S68, 600 $98,832 8218,901 $489,637 19 668 10 3 7 8 197,515 210, 961 135, 426 331,868 3,000 12,900 50,000 2,600 5,501 37,831 30,000 26,600 29, 460 99,867 11,599 77,975 159, 554 60,363 43,827 225, 793 7 3 3 6 63 350 25 140 ^ c; Group li .VrXOMOBIl,E BODIES AND PAKXS. (Sec iilso Automobiles; Carriage and wagon materials; and special report on Automobiles .) United States Illinois Indiana Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New York Ohio All other states ' . . . $2,628,613 $145, 484 22, 331 63,495 315,162 681,627 23,686 174,413 681,367 676, 532 10,000 8,000 22, 400 4,300 67, 000 33, 784 $212, 749 8,000 24, 921 44, 783 2,166 7,900 78, 239 46, 740 8773,326 81,397,054 13 686 21 603 29,310 1.56 660 5 687 (12 008 21 iS 671 185,701 8,645 13, 892 252, 931 357, 784 15.833 . 70,205 267, 457 410, 307 2,803 303 685 20 218 704 740 Group I'i. VliTOMOBIIiES. (Sec also Automobile bodies and parts; Carriages and wagons; and special report on Automobiles.) United Stati-a , California- . . Connecticut. Illinois Indiana Massachusetts . Michigan New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states ^. $20,555,247 $951, 910 48, 802 3,712,922 378,636 1,140,509 1,623,857 3,766,240 310,261 3,172,531 3,544,162 1,462,963 1,240,006 165, 458 500 138,324 2,600 (~,500 73, 141 173, 977 275,018 83,050 65, 600 67, 300 5,000 52,720,760 770, 987 3,001) ICi7,S71 199, 048 361,634 $4, 290, 831 369, 275 518,9.52 231,129 86,644 11,420 28,800 851, 477 209, 654 309, 125 362, 773 644, 660 61, 874 791,534 751,304 194, 204 161,727 43, 799 812,591,746 18, 702 1,962,134 163, 382 596, 013 998,896 2,685,069 258,387 1,736,704 2, 190, 866 962,030 924, 335 105, 239 113 10, 484 32 1,822 114 1,060 616 1,511 232 1,228 2,550 568 645 116 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows; Alabama, 2; .Vriz.ona, 1; Louisiana, 2; Maryland,!; Massachusetts, 2; Mississippi, 1; NewHampshlre 1- Rhode Island, 1; Tennessee, 2; Texas, 2; Utah, 1; Virginia, 2. ' 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Connecticut, 1; MassuchusL'tts, 1; Michigan, 2; Ohio, 2; Pennsylvania, 2. GENERAL TABLES. 79 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. tiroiip ».— ARXIFICIAli STONII. (See also lUai-blc and nIoiio woi-k.j Proprie- tors and flrm mem- bers. S.ILAKIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNERS. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. , 21 27 148 612 21 225 445 311 6,961 14,242 113,205 296,940 16, 350 131,156 248, 558 1.52, 596 21 25 146 686 21 221 411 310 6,961 13, 975 112,455 291,863 16, .350 130,066 238, 787 152,440 5,140 5,075 3 4 Indiana Massachusetts Michigan Missouri 1 2 5 192 750 1,162 1 ■ 75 6 6 21 3,925 55,823 6, 19 41,804 58,613 86.760 7 New York 3 18 860 6,853 1 16 1 240 3,918 156 8 Q Ohio All other states $36,327 3,068 210 4,280 0, 748 1,410 11,834 ! 2,017 ; 6,760 S8, 207 37 333 1,477 1,788 131 128 3, 231 1,082 Group li — AliTOMOBIIiES— Continued. I'nited States. California. . . Connecticut. Illinois Indiana 6 Massachusetts. 7 MichiR.'in 8 New .Jersey. . . . 9 New York 10 Ohio 11 |-'^■nn.syl^■ani;l . . 12 "W'iscriMsin 13 All othi'r st'ites 10, 239 14 1,065 146 952 2,123 60 1,024 566 620 I 103 I 111,124 783, 993 11111,433 482,19.8 .590,277 970,895 40, 296 1,095,4711 1.. 368, 810 3,i2, 482 299, 624 78, 348 10,196 811,167.345 146 784 944 2, 122 59 1 . 618 611 1 103 10,124 781,604 100, 433 480, 456 594, (182 970, 770 40, 248 1,094,120 1,367,160 3.52,482 297, 518 78,348 ; S3, 689 300 125 I i 5 $7, 916 2,389 1,895 48 1,062 2,106 $3,94i;,369 10,139 466,851 61,721 230,226 228, 504 1, 423, 167 40, 4,59 665, 776 677, 374 61,795 163,995 16. 3li2 3, 420 1,945 8,701 ■ 3,592 6,397 12, .8(1,-) 3,776 36, S38 4, 2S1 2,118 580 4,044 , 625 257 11,843 1,297 6,647 9,591 9, 365 O.iO 7, 793 20, 034 1,160 9,192 .596 GENERAL TABLES. 81 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Ciontinued. Group 9.— AKTll'iriAl, STONK— Cdntiimed. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent ot offices, interest, etc. S197, 236 Contract work. 6,155 610 1,511 4,154 5,385 1,830 10,890 8,581 1,300 3S6 4,046 11,910 4,039 3,300 3,327 57,288 I 605 17.955 2.S63 17.921 3.910 158 600 10,799 10,835 $6, 550 ' Aggregate. 1,086 ;«o S.34 1,810 r29,9:iO 11. 250 16. 208 I 41.4.^7 26.137 ' .■..), 49,S IS. 7.r> 6S.067 4.i. 339 25.151 I 65,873 31.050 281. S53 IS. 022 167, 405 13,019 71.168 27.0S.'i 3.468 3, 962 42, 2I« 56.901 OST OF M.VTERIAI.S USED. Principal materials 81.3114.120 128, 1,S2 10. 104 15, S4S 39,751 25, 747 ,i0.63.'i IS. ,iy5 60. 44S 42. 394 24.227 11,9.37 11.900 42, l«5 41.096 30,,S22 133, 198 20.9S1 19, i;44 59,97S 30,088 270, 317 17, 540 157, 836 12,907 66.736 23, 995 3,400 3,430 39,552 51.572 I'urclmyed in raw stati'. S259,.591 Purclrased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing " all other materials"). 81. 104, .529 14,415 ,SS4 2. 777 n'.-.a) 2, 720 11.441 2,6.50 13,272 7.305 4.772 6,910 7, 42S 21, 470 3,362 21,362 1,954 15. 9S7 6. 630 65, 756 1,970 16,326 4.288 40 880 S, 207 24. 4.13 113.767 9,220 13, 071 34, 421 23. 027 39. 194 13.945 53.176 35,089 19,465 4,990 ! 33, 668 111,728 16, 2.82 38,616 28, 134 254, 330 10,910 102,080 10,937 49,410 19, 707 3,360 2.560 34. 345 27,117 Fuel. Kent of powr and lipat. 933 5,921 330 1,481 40 1, S,S9 345 10 320 1,563 3,107 Mill HUp- S3,877 1, 234 24 681 200 30 95 Freight. S,31,997 20 1,000 632 43 12 130 972 633 1,000 360 960 36 1.55 10 ioo' 100 360 108 10 30 15 15 83 152 10 1,4.S8 618 123 480 1, 730 740 1,184 128 45 lib' 751 1,609 666 10 63 185 75 174 2, 462 598 90 175 362 1,232 802 302 18 357 1 5,519 4,043 112 6,642 I 48 2,230 2,500 Value of products, in- cluding cus- ' torn worlc and repairing. 84,128,221 328, .591 ,39, 450 60,965 98, 918 86, 802 137, 790 36. 965 214, 626 120, 390 35, 695 21,434 118, 746 384. 272 93, 703 150, 433 93, 542 929,977 35. 966 446, 491 42,531 251, 412 63, 000 13, 222 12, 790 112, 437 158, 153 I Group 14.— AKTISTS' MAT15KI.VL.S— Continued. S99,069 .51)87.283 .5661.606 } S25 S661.581 S8, 531 SI 1 435 83,280 i. 1 60,065 11,284 9,428 18,292 284, 181 ll 278,564 1' 278,564 129, 847 29, 127 224, 043 193 i 2,999 6,120 inn 88 643 153 2,397 • ■ 136.804 il 129,847 31,349 1 29,127 1,830 388 240 8.096 96,329 1 4 234.949 1 224.068 25 i: i $260, 321 1,943 4, .382 38,781 46,287 4,508 27,822 50,180 76, 418 125,930 92 150 15.9&3 1,000 2,020 3,185 3, .500 Group 13.— AUTOMOBIIiE BODIES AND PARTS— Continued. .51, 493, 227 7 545 11 h:«) 220. 456 370 397 .30 738 142 746 234 72.5 254 790 81,417,435 6,620 10, 450 212,916 552, 527 28, 710 1.38, 224 231, 860 236, 128 82.250 1,.500 750 31,415,185 6,620 10,450 212,916 652,527 28.710 138. 224 230.3110 235. 37S 530, 397 57,794 517,624 215 970 500 2,743 8,127 1,122 1,345 470 1,210 7,244 9,618 788 2,268 992 779 160 380 1,178 1,803 1.50 908 11, .539 1,506 S19,' 50 30 2.497 6. 595 620 136 3,090 6,759 13,388,472 29,005 43,300 502,050 1, 119, 826 63, 350 6 468, 208 7 569,601 I S 593.132 I 9 Group 12 AUXOMOBILES— Continued. 52.745,601 51.034,640 6,462 453,063 61,723 221, 087 212,016 370,035 I 35,733 I 520,896 ] 652,637 : 58,517 I 154,223 9,210 I 500 1,030,962 250 422 $11,6.58,1.38 12,863 1,163,072 104, 390 811, 823 1,047,488 2,872,655 43, 905 1,764. .567 2, 298, 651 601,4.30 845,348 91,946 $11,117,509 12, 004 1.098,463 98. 9.35 753, 797 992,241 2. 7.50. 209 38,2!0 1,710,096 2,180,808 570,660 824, 081 87,766 12,004 1,098,463 98, 965 753, 797 992. 241 2, 7.50, 209 38. 2.30 1,710.096 2. 180. ,SOS .370. 1160 ,824.081 87,763 199 28,328 1,535 18, 523 20, 573 21,177 3,074 27. .892 42. S13 7. 732 6. 447 1.797 $35, 387 $133,, 5.50 640 3, 380 1, 137 3.420 3, 3.30 1.462 14. 486 3. 1148 2.924 8, 734 135 20, 2711 11,988 30, 517 612 5,293 46. $191,761 26.907 385 18,070 19.266 67.422 527 6,800 .526,643,064 36, 380 2,644,334 327, 710 1,595,302 2, 160, 455 6 6.876,708 . 7 118, 7,53 8 3,791,956 9 766 Ii24 945 614 24,614 ' 12,490 i, 13,875 !' 1,380 3,788,563 1, 225, 678 1,873,2.59 203, 966 10 11 12 13 MFQ PT 1 — 07- 82 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 2 ATVjfiivGs, TENTS, AND SAIL.S. STATE OR TEEEITOKY. Number of estab- lish- ments. United States. Alabama California Colorado Connecticut District of Columbia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentuclcy Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Jersey New Yorlc Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode I^and Teimessee Texas Washington Wisconsin All other states ' Total. $4, 793, 130 7,640 290,921 108,098 18,700 103, 100 1,074,485 90, 788 95,774 16, 174 8,975 46, 975 49,705 70, 369 230,801 88,901 122, 828 640,619 43,600 72, 168 493,894 495, 144 81,606 196,981 31, 587 17,310 48, 624 76, 881 33,867 137, 925 Land. 3460, 628 450 57, 170 33,000 151, 500 6,d00 20, 000 100 300 1,,500 2.200 60 1,300 600 10, 833 13, 625 39, 800 89,600 2,000 13,600 300 2,600 1,000 "2,466" Buildings. $352, 491 1,200 24, 665 25, 000 61,500 16,000 11,600 360 700 2,800 6,100 860 1,600 Machinery, fools, and implements. 1,300 10,268 20,900 57, 100 82,900 2,000 19,500 500 3,000 1,568 600 $438,802 1,700 36, 682 13,513 2,400 3,600 61,361 8,841 6, 440 3,000 960 2. ,326 8,460 7,622 29,366 8,113 16, 398 47,460 3,300 9,542 66, 978 46. 658 7; 650 21,016 7,000 2,360 6,709 2,800 10,790 Cash and sun- dries. 83,561,209 4,290 172; 404 94, 586 16, 300 41,600 800, 124 5d, 047 88,834 11,724 7,025 40, 360 33, 946 61,847 198,535 80, 788 106, 630 671,968 40, 200 28,101 340,016 275,986 69,856 142,966 23, 787 9,460 39. 188 68, 572 31,057 123, 135 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1,221 270 39 15 15 3 2 14 3 138 14 35 70 11 12 179 107 15 42 Group 8.— AXLiE GREASE. (See also Grease and tallow.) 1 United States 25 1608,201 $103, 300 $89,731 .573, 248 $341,922 13 210 Illinois "> 5 , 6 14 288,552 129,894 189, 765 39, 600 16,300 47,500 34,600 17,500 37,731 35, 405 12.850 24,993 179, 147 83,244 79,531 3 3 7 64 84 72 3 New York 4 All other states 2 Group 10 — BABBITT ffflETAI, AND SOLDER. ] United Statcy 75 ■$4. 128, 646 .5233,350 $190,896 .$347,296 $3,367,104 ?. 4 12 \ 5 15 11 4 17 265, 615 971,393 10,000 33,265 686,241 1,109,721 328,677 46, 777 686,966 18,332 102, 162 1,150 3,7.50 46, 198 86,809 26, 844 7,8j2 .56, 158 237,283 866. 431 8.360 25,615 685,043 856, 187 201,720 32,885 553,690 8 2,800 10,000 600 2,000 20,000 69. 675 47.613 4.000 37, 108 4 5 2,666 36,000 97.050 .53,500 2,000 41,000 6 Missouri New York S q Washington 10 1 Includes estabHshments distributed as follows: Arkansas, 1; Florida,!; Georgia, 1; Indian Territory. 1; Mississippi. 1- Xow Hamoshire 1- North Dntntn 1; Oklahoma, 1; South Carolina, 2; South Dakota, 1; Utah, 2; Virginia, 1; West Virginia, 1. ' vv ■ , - ampsmre, 1, iNorin i^ai^oia, 2 Includes e.9taWishments distributed as follows: California,!; Iowa, 1; Massachusetts,!; Michigan,!; Minnesota,!; Missouri !■ New Jersey > Ohio 1- Penn- sylvania, 2; West Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 2. ■"'' "*". ^. J^c"" GENERAL TABLES. 83 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. liroup 2 AWNINOS, TENTS, AND SAILS. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SAL.\EIED OFFICIALS, 1 LEliKS, ETC . WAGE-EAENEES. Aggregate. Officers oleorporatioiis. (ienernl superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing ttie year. Total. 1 Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salarios. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 442 532 1 S50li,7(i0 74 8130,088 468 $376,672 350 3321,818 108 $54,854 5,089 2,449 1 4 26 6 4 ■>■> S 11 3 ' 9 30 ■"> ■"> (inii 9 IS 1 63 14 7 2,000 4,304 15, 186 300 8,002 61,363 10,538 3,873 2 5 14 2,000 1,980 12, 130 15 283 88 42 125 739 141 66 27 33 66 168 122 462 98 156 395 49 123 891 381 25 230 24 42 60 58 46 134 9 159 69 17 25 470 52 27 13 14 42 45 68 181 55 61 223 29 46 376 146 20 115 11 30 35 35 22 64 2 15 23 1 8 fiS 16 10 r.MS4 23.02U :i00 5 7,S!S0 7,840 4 4 1 7 4 3 2,324 3,056 300 902 3,605 2,288 973 3 4 5 9,752 72,213 17,538 t;,S73 1 5 3 1,750 10,850 7,000 3,000 5 56 10 4 7,100 67,858 8,250 2,900 6 7 8 9 10 2 1 1,040 7 t;,005 2 5 1,040 3,145 1 5 780 3,145 1 260 2 2,860 13 oo 6 3,lil2 29.904 6 36 19 18 48 5 8 48 74 4 3,612 29,904 14, 180 15,724 37,548 4,140 6. 154 36,216 57,768 4,012 15,705 3,500 900 3,840 10,520 2,406 20, 792 5 27 17 12 31 2 6 39 56 2 14 3 1 3 8 3 20 3,300 25,442 13, 180 12,736 28,914 2,700 4,972 30,923 49,889 2,600 12,966 2,950 900 3,216 8,290 2,406 20,292 1 9 2 6 17 3 3 9 18 2 6 1 312 4,462 1,000 2,988 8,634 1,440 1,182 5,293 7,879 1,412 2,740 550 14 50 5 IS 3 17 105 15 5 30 3 4 5 36 23 18 67 6 8 54 88 4 19 4 1 s 14 3 21 IS. 680 15,724 73,598 9,140 6,154 43.114 84,888 4,012 15, 705 3,500 900 10,680 13.020 2. 4n« 20, 792 1 * 1 4,500 16 17 19 1 36,060 5,000 is 19 lO i " 6,898 27,120 21 22 93 1 19 1 4 ?4 ''i ! 1 4 12 3 21 ■'6 4 6,840 2 2,500 1 4 624 2,230 27 28 99 1 500 .30 1 (See also Grease and tallow.) 22 55 $55,446 10 $19,970 45 S35, 476 32 $29,280 13 S6,196 152 105 1 1 14 23 , 19,258 15 : 12,135 17 i 24,053 4 1 5 4,650 600 14,820 19 14 12 14,608 11,635 9,233 14 10 8 12,027 10,060 7,193 5 4 4 2,581 1,575 2,040 49 68 46 29 39 37 2 3 4 Group 10.— BABBITT HIETAl, AND SOLDER. 70 243 i $264,995 39 $89,163 204 $175,832 150 $146,042 64 $29,790 W71 399 1 3 4 2 6 27 "9 4 12 17 28,530 54 60,823 6 9 18,706 15,390 11 45 9,824 45, 433 6 35 6,542 38,941 5 10 3,282 6,492 44 261 5 10 89 142 65 15 140 29 75 3 6 17 109 46 11 103 2 I 7 31 64 22 4 44 4,352 21 , 136 68,037 28,958 7,300 45,860 ■ 7 27 62 14 3 36 4,352 13,724 59, 505 17,658 6,100 19,336 3 23 38 12 3 30 2,680 11,720 46,467 16,768 6,100 16,8.34 4 4 24 2 1,672 2,004 13,038 800 5 4 2 8 1 9 7,411 8,532 11,400 1,200 26,524 6 7 8 9 5 2,602 10 ^Includesestabllslmients distributed as Jollows: Colorado,!; Connecticut, 2; Kansas, 1; Maine, 1; Maryland, 2; New Jersey, 2; Ohio, 2; Oregon,l; Tennessee, 1; Virginia, 2; Wisconsin, 2. 84 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 3 AWNINGS, TENTS, AND SAIliS— Continued. WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. STATE OR TEREITOEY. United States. Alabama California Colorado- Connecticut District of Columbia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucicy Louisiana Maine Maryland Massaohnsert^^ Miciiigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Jersey New Yorlc". Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Texas Wasliington Wisconsin All other states Average number. 3,432 11 205 73 28 67 577 77 36 18 22 83 280 74 Wages. SI, 757, 466 7,505 124, 497 39,648 14,525 40,305 315,047 27,688 13,581 6,076 10, 428 25,446 45,360 48,684 166,333 31,529 100 43,714 309 137,721 37 16,356 64 34,934 546 286,964 241 101,019 22 12,226 166 85,709 13 7,164 38 11,782 47 18,087 46 31,842 32 16,065 81 37,241 Men 16 years and over. I «'°"'™ ^^^l^^''' ^""^ Average number. 10 113 24 19 34 Wages. Jl, 266, 805 7,225 92,154 18,361 10,875 22,760 Average number. 1,422 284 204,699 287 36 18,977 41 24 10,039 12 11 4,266 7 12 7,420 10 35 21,707 12 83 43,920 6 70 44,929 12 198 136,563 82 41 22,795 32 46 26,926 54 130 83,224 173 15 9,004 22 47 28,853 16 3/.-) 228,821 170 115 66,011 126 8 6,000 14 120 71,418 46 9 6,280 4 1/ 6,788 20 15 8,556 32 :w 22,783 16 16 12,336 16 36 23,115 43 Wages. S482, 179 280 28,317 21,287 3,6.50 17,545 109,054 8,711 3,. 542 1,810 3,008 3,193 1,440 3,516 29,770 8,566 16,788 53,353 7,352 6,039 .57,843 35,008 6,226 14,291 884 4,814 9,531 9,059 3,719 13,583 Children under 16 years. Average number. Wages. 88,482 4,026 1,294 239 168 42 300 180 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Taxes, not rp^j.,,. Rent of including ■'°™'- works. internal 1687,607 1,022 53,914 27,274 4,058 1,409 133,856 9,589 7,232 2,836 2,146 7,876 11,130 7,330 49,251 23,040 20,997 88,344 9,956 12,219 83,512 57,794 4,700 19,855 3,387 3,153 7,273 8,990 2,609 22,856 »186,957 827,569 320 11,019 7,620 1,065 600 18,165 2,450 1,600 960 1,380 3,670 3,119 3,610 20,301 4,098 6,715 20,365 3,304 1,956 37,613 6,377 1,600 11,619 745 1,234 2,356 5,524 1,400 7,172 70 3,292 574 I 68 ; 284 ; 5,240 ! 588 I 404 , 84 ! 41 357 493 284 : 1,210 573 838 3,097 463 457 2,442 3,793 345 489 7 224 437 634 169 612 Group 8.— AXIiE GREASE— Continued. United States Illinois New York All other states $61,598 18,702 18,256 24,640 $58,174 17,625 16,429 24, 120 $3,216 1,077 1,827 312 $208 $206,224 70,619 77,294 58,311 $4,852 630 3,400 822 704 1,407 079 1,618 Group 10.— BABBITT METAl, AND SOLDER Contii^ur.l 1 United States 660 $337,607 539 8329,852 1 29 j 87,680 1 $75 9 37 142 4 5^ 128 58 14 122 26,524 69,. 554 2,588 4,176 37, 485 85,868 32,843 11,196 67,274 37 139 4 7 57 127 58 10 100 26,624 68,951 2,688 4,176 37,485 3 Illinois. 2 i 628 1 ^- 4 5 Michigan 6 7 New York 85,348 32,843 9,375 i;2.5li2 1 520 S Pennsylvania .... 9 Washington All other states 4 22 1,820 4,712 10 $492,640 $43,683 $20,985 36,376 105,229 719 23,554 52,595 5,170 8,892 444 840 640 489 1,949 01 5,130 6,646 141,510 23,066 13,128 96,363 19,818 2,009 2,390 3,580 4, 146 992 525 2,048 GENERAL TABLES. 85 STATES AND TERRITORIES; 190.5^(\>ntimie(l. Uruup 2 AWNINGS, TUNTS, ANH SAIL,S— Cojilinui'il. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. 632 39,193 19,080 2,925 525 110,451 6.5,il .1,178 1,792 3,S49 . 7,51S . 3,436 '. 27,740 . 17.869 14,444 . 64,8S2 . 6,189 . 9,306 42,280 47,624 . 2,755 . 7,747 . 2,6:i5 . 1,695 . 4,480 . 2,832 . 950 10,971 IIST (IF MATERIALS USED. ?ri.S27 Aggregate. $6,669,721 500 1,177 90 I 4,100 24,110 lOC.Od'l 162, 244 24,S7S 72,0.5S 2,024,631 118,250 55,296 21,169 12,680 71,050 129,607 81,672 307,606 97,521 163,339 824, 3S0 81,019 62,905 ,156,792 326,280 89,596 284,932 20,680 79,739 107, 157 139,373 39,475 284,574 Principal materials. Total. 23,436 400,166 l.">9.761 24,. 505 71,200 2,012,990 116,659 53,517 20,885 12,360 70,687 126,831 80,993 302,122 95,265 159,866 810,665 78,700 61,984 548,250 321,632 88,800 282,338 20,310 79,484 106,526 138,130 38,709 257,716 Purcliased in raw state. Purcliased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing " all other materials"). .S6,539,2 1,000 23,436 400,165 135,705 24,505 71,200 2,012,996 116,559 52,517 20,885 12,350 70,687 126,831 80,993 302, 122 96,266 169,866 810,665 78, 700 61,984 548,250 321,632 88,800 282,338 20,310 79, 484 106,526 138,130 38,709 257,716 Fuel. $16,586 15 246 408 220 475 3,621 210 370 30 15 18 839 246 1,052 370 165 1,678 400 475 2,376 1,584 65 50 211 420 420 Rent of power and heat. 827,129 2,627 Mi5 112 333 3,567 546 320 139 206 50 ,521 207 3,279 616 1,428 2,430 384 274 3,602 1,886 175 146 635 773 145 520 Mill sup- plies. .84,673 ! 71 110 11 60 1,280 35 156 115 10 25 104 .6 125 220 35 40 1,339 324 136 200 15 46 112 1 42 Freight. t67,0,52 660 3,800 1,100 30 3,167 900 934 270 1,312 120 1,027 1,3.30 1,863 9,587 1,500 132 1,225 864 919 'iog' 147 200 26,876 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom worlc and repairing. .'11,269,170 42,600 739,330 £96,376 53,000 159,918 2,696,917 192,649 103,291 35,238 29,905 128,049 229,410 170,844 707,093 196,767 284,130 1,236,886 139,4.50 141,699 1,249,408 718,216 123,343 512,537 64,025 110,871 174,113 240,934 69,641 433,631 Group 8.— AXI,B GREASE— Continued. 5197,443 8225 $368,074 8339,942 .51,045 •5338,897 84,712 ' 5572 5203 ; 322,645 . S879,483 1 68,582 117.606 72,990 225 111.798 55,871 13S,670 107,014 110,746 122,182 107,014 110,746 121,137 1,516 1 506 752 68 60 86 8,502 i 266,975 250 319,300 13,893 293,208 •) 3 1,045 2,444 66 4 Group 10 BABBITT OTETAL AND SOl,DEK— Continued. 30,717 94,388 214 17,684 46,409 117,647 20,065 10,213 89,102 1,633 310,863,752 $10,695,944 590,238 1,916,160 36,167 74,679 1,360,415 583,439 1,893,609 36,837 74,100 1,346,154 4,306,764 722,506 132,007 1,724,937 4,208,447 716,172 128,344 1,710,842 $1,600 583,439 1,892,009 36,837 74, 100 1,346,164 4,208,447 716,172 128,344 1,710,842 .$62,593 S6,897 516,267 5.S2,061 $13,099,838 1 5,593 12,648 240 260 7,944 22,042 6,238 926 6,712 1,066 2,310 30 136 115 1,690 150 6,683 50 18 5,099 2,230 1,020 721,419 2,500,418 44,191 116,020 1,531,604 4,966,979 888,408 200,850 2,130,949 9 1,000 3 4 75 1,103 72,455 75 2,600 4,743 5 '^ 7 8 137 1,523 9 i,ii7 10 86 MANUFACTURES. , Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 2.— BAGS, OTHEK THAN PAPER. STATE OK TEEEITOEY. Number ol estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWHE- Total. L^nd. Buildings- Machinery^ tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number oi estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 79 $12,387,069 $345,812 $880, 344 $1,577,342 $9,583,571 70 5,017 California . . ■) 7 4 6 6 17 3 6 3 6 3 20 901, 429 104,226 1,145,384 2,708,441 867,449 387,885 541,015 434,000 384, 496 201,000 4,711,744 1,200 2,000 72,744 11,400 67, 671 289,366 125,998 116,900 100, 476 60,000 114,879 22,000 606,909 825, 485 92,826 1,005,542 2,151,007 681,451 176,486 338,860 329,000 220,448 110,000 3,662,477 6 4 4 6 13 2 5 3 5 3 19 179 112 131 497 416 42 477 90 1,082 113 1,878 3 A Louisiana . . 30,000 80,500 36,000 11,500 30,040 16,000 150 20,000 121,422 62, 171 187,668 24,000 83,000 71,660 30,000 49,019 49,000 331,936 5 6 New York . . 7 North CaroUna . . S Ohio 9 Oregon in 11 Virginia . . . 1'' Group 6 BAGS, PAPER. 1 United States 62 $11,441,383 .51,627.277 81,641,203 $4,563,146 $3,709,767 60 3,069 ? 4 4 12 9 15 18 31,980 110,000 4,773,557 1,305,979 364,112 21,986 62,700 2,019,766 473, 637 82,664 1,912,604 9,996 16,500 823, 664 643,817 260,798 2,064,993 2 3 9 9 10 17 IS 55 309 1,619 129 979 3 Indiana 30,300 965,073 100,825 6 6.50 10,600 905,074 187, 700 14, 100 463,829 4 5 6 Vp.Tinsylvflm'n. 7 4. 856, 755 424. 429 Group 8.— BAKING AND YEASX POW^BERS. (See also Flavoring extracts.) United ^ates California Illinois Indiana Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New York Ohio Pennsylvania "Wisconsin All other states'* . . . 164 $13,232,639 2,219,177 3,867,755 67,094, 35,224 3,975 97, 269 266,803 224,9.54 49, 719 23,810 127, 100 27,250 3,999,657 219,136 60,846 50, 475 1,903,405 SI, 191, 362 $1,630,204 103, 400 184, 100 1,480 1,900 1,500 236, 514 275, 561 1,100 6,410 600 3,750 17,000 8,000 4,776 3,750 45,813 26,000 14,668 3,875 2,000 630,000 3,900 6,600 530,750 2,000 1,000 9,000 317, 682 5,819 500 15,000 358, 429 81,091,200 111,315 251,226 7,460 6,350 475 20,800 60, 613 45, 405 9,179 4,996 20, 301 2,600 299,996 22, 762 3,160 1,076 233,608 $9,419,873 1,767,948 3, 156, 878 57, 064 21,564 1,500 68, 959 142,377 146; 549 21,097 18,814 99,024 16,250 2,638,912 188, 556 56, 196 26, 400 993. 786 3.318 227 1,400 18 12 45 296 134 41 26 472 121 23 11 430 'Includes establishments distributed as follows: Indiana,!; Kansas, 2; Kentucky,! New Jersey, 2; Rhode Island, 2; Tennessee, 2; Wisconsin, 2. 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 1 Minnesota, 1; Missouri,!; New Jersey, 1; Virginia, 2; Wisconsin, 2. Maryland, 2; Massachusetts, 2; Michigan,!; Minnesota, 2; Nebraska, 1; Connecticut. 1; Georgia, 2; Iowa, 1; Maine, 1; Maryland, 2: Massachusetts, 2; Michigan, 1; GENERAL TABLES. 87 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued. Group -i BAOS, OTHI5R THAN PAPER. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. 64 Aggregate. Nimiber. 55, 206 21.430 50, 646 111,735 SJ.984 12. 3,57 22,820 17,600 42, 534 5,000 179, 372 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. ("!oiK>ral .supci'intendents, managcr.s, clork.^. etc. OlTicer.'* nf corporations. Salaries. $601,684 Total. Number, i Salaries. 10 4 I 22,300 5. .580 2.500 ;».500 39.750 3,300 3,780 5,400 2.000 as. 189 \ 11 42 5 149 S448, 385 Men. Salaries. 3398, 463 32, 906 15,850 48,146 81,235 43,234 9,057 19,040 12,200 42,534 3,000 141,183 25 12 37 68 42 6 14 8 34 5 126 29, 6112 13, 794 42, 631 72, 570 39, 666 8,087 14,164 10, 600 38,270 3,000 126,019 Women. Numlier. Salaries. .M9,922 3,244 2,056 5,515 8,665 3,568 970 4,876 1,600 4,264 15, 164 WAGE-EARNERS. Greatest I Least number number employed enlployed at any one ! at any one time dur- I time dur- ing tbe ing tiie year. year. 405 145 446 793 810 274 408 224 798 209 2.146 4,932 218 111 327 523 606 186 383 78 795 153 1,552 Group 6.— BAGS, PAPER. 63 360 $405,056 39 $119,108 321 $285,948 242 $253,062 79 832,886 2,912 2,033 1 5 9 3 18 11 3 (i) 124 17 149 2,170 6,880 111,147 89,815 12,799 182,246 3 7 60 .113 15 133 2.170 6,880 63,064 67,015 10, 599 136,220 1 4 41 70 13 113 1,040 5,500 58,005 51,268 10, 193 127,056 3 9 43 2 20 1,130 1,380 5,059 15,747 406 9,164 35 72 650 540 168 1.447 25 29 405 415 149 1,010 ? 10 11 2 16 48.083 22.800 2.200 46,026 4 5 6 7 Group S.— BAKING AND YEAST POAVDERS. (See also Flavoring extracts.) 150 756 ' $938,771 82 .52.37,481 674 .$701,290 501 $625,219 173 $76,071 2,813 2,117 1 4 21 8 1 10 6 3 9 ' 4 4 29 15^ 5 3 18 184 , 199,940 192 : 247,533 13 ; 7,400 5 ; 3,356 5 24 2 3 6,700 81,700 2,500 1,920 179 168 11 2 193,240 165,833 4,900 1,435 97 134 2 161,668 146,269 3,660 1,435 82 1 31,572 34 19,564 4 : 1,240 165 901 48 30 4 124 206 51 27 22 90 22 290 44 17 5 767 132 677 bl 17 4 66 163 45 23 14 78 17 266 29 14 5 630 2 3 4 1 6 25 25,530 41 , 44,367 11 13,920 14 12,766 15 ' 16,497 21 ; 24,706 9 ! 7,548 64 j 144,534 27 20,000 13 1 11,454 2 2 4 1 6 3,960 5,500 1,380 2,675 2,400 12,820 23 42 9 10 14 15 9 49 23 11 21 . 570 as, 867 12,540 10,091 14,097 11,886 7,548 70,554 16, 100 7,971 18 36 8 12 10 8 40 15 10 18,114 ?6,689 12,065 9,386 12,641 8,882 7,080 66,562 13, 360 7,201 5 li 2 2 2 5 1 9 8 1 3, 456 2,17S 475 705 1,4,56 3,004 468 3,992 2,740 770 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 4 2 73,980 3,900 3,483 14 15 16 17 119 159,221 ^1 10 34, 563 109 124,658 97 120, 207 12 4,451 18 ' Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 1; Connecticut, 1; Georgia, 1; Iowa, 2; Montana, 1; New Jersey, 3: Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 1; Tennessee, 2; Utah, 1; Virginia, 4; Washington, 2; West Virginia, 1. 88 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Groui> 2.— BAGS, OTHER THAN PAPER Continued. STATE OR TERRITORY. WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. 1 Rent of works. Taxes, not including Internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. A\ erage number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States 5,722 81,828,526 1,969 S942,503 3,418 1811,179 345 S74,844 81,721,467 8122,968 $65,990 3 4 California Illinois Louisiana Missouri 299 127 370 ■ 691 722 91Q 121,652 47,496 116,753 248,960 230,300 33,656 112,394 49,174 271,777 35,738 560,826 140 58 115 246 210 40 120 53 267 45 675 73,280 28,552 48,221 127,728 97,233 13,944 69,776 34,424 134,628 12,018 312,699 141 66 255 391 511 150 266 53 389 121 1,076 46,772 18, 460 68,632 111,661 133,017 16,416 52,618 13,750 90,633 22,020 238,310 18 3 2,500 494 99,417 20,098 154,247 362,687 196,467 156, 491 71,467 35,900 96,716 7,900 520,077 18,826 8,540 7,561 13,380 32,006 3,189 1,008 6,808 ■ 12,345 1,818 4,254 3,820 4,100 2,397 800 25,451 5 fi 54 1 29 9,671 50 3,196 s Ohio 3Sfi 1,260 6,100 2,860 2,800 30,637 q 122 796 183 1,807 16 150 17 57 i,666 46,516 1,700 9,817 10 Pennsylvania 11 Group 6.— BAGS, PAPER— Continued. 1 United States Illinois Indiana 2,473 8930,171 1,286 8594,012 1,120 $322,694 (iS 813,465 8484,027 $62, 145 524,621 30 46 635 482 159 1,221 11,884 16,081 214,622 176, 796 57,795 452,994 12 261 2.S7 88 610 7,008 12,111 133,482 125,995 42,465 272,951 18 19 274 188 66 556 4,876 3,970 81,140 49,266 14,122 169,320 4,762 16,841 43,017 107, 741 21,407 290,269 2,670 1,100 13,412 7,340 6,738 30,885 75 1,275 6,518 7,103 328 9 222 3 4 55 1,534 1,208 10,723 5 Ohio 6 Group 8.— BAKING AND YEASX PO"WI>EKS— Continued. 1 United States. ,449 2 ! California. 3 I Illinois 4 I Indiana... 5 I Kansas 6 ' Kentucky. 7 Louisiana 8 Maryland. .:..- 9 Massachusetts. 10 Michigan 11 Minnesota. 12 Missouri... 13 Nebraska.. 14 New York. Ohio Pennsylvania. . . Wisconsin All other states. 151 I 758 42 i 17 [ 4 ! 86 I 175 18 84 I 19 : 275 50 , 'l\ liS2 $1,041,606 1,175 70,876 348, 776 12,376 6,633 1,222 22,605 66, 406 22,620 7,807 34,527 9,236 I 141,273 I 17,213 8,348 3,018 261,979 84 330 14 7 45 83 33 10 11 42 11 112 19 11 4 357 $666,359 52,866 213, 409 6,203 3,445 13,200 41,305 18,854 6,099 5,587 24,3.33 5,9(il 77,192 9,830 7,124 2,628 177,449 1,238 $367,948 427 2S 10 4 1 310 18,019 135,085 6,173 2,188 338 7,472 22,966 3,666 2,794 2,220 10,044 3,275 63,821 7,279 1,224 390 80,994 11 6 281 1,833 1,135 150 266' 104 $4,942,676 3,. 536 381,099 1,383,369 10,080 4,341 363 21,464 261,088 18, 452 44,633 32,928 67,898 8,712 1,860,039 31,327 12,642 6,555 807,786 $61,267 2,292 12,006 1,893 360 156 2,472 5,397 3,192 1,090 2,900 6,820 1,320 8,342 3,832 3,670 110 6,415 $50,8 5,010 7,383 189 270 22 160 1,763 1,904 427 120 685 276 22,879 679 314 192 8,666 GENERAL TABLES. 89 STATES AND fERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Wroup 2.— BAGiS, OTHER THAN PAPEK— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERHLS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of oflacos, interest, etc. Contract work. .\ggregate. Principal matci-jjils. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Puroliased in raw state 1 Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). $1,396,502 §136,007 $30,758,040 $30,418,252 '' S2S5,92N ' 830,132,324 $47,427, $27,014 S39.512 $226, X35 $37,399,087 1 77,403 10,660 139,878 336,962 100, 844 43,530 66,387 26,700 91,459 4,300 438, 489 2,118,957 641,602 3. 644, 300 5,018,2.57 3,011.578 879, 283 1,209,641 798, 100 2,627,541 123,475 10,685.300 2,072,058 638,677 3,636,687 4,945,782 2,996,797 873, 677 1,173,255 795,000 2,607,524 120, 400 10,558,395 2,072,068 638, 677 90 425 5,194 675 5,961 1,836 4,857 480 30 1,800 420 1,470 4,291 1,015 230 1,662 6,633 3,372 90 844 700 10,705 1,105 13, 166 40,600 1,595 2, 504, 436 808, 784 4,076,226 6, 612, 494 3,647,701 1,310,742 1,600,754 967,000 3,303,998 216,863 12,460,089 ? 3 3,636,687 4, 945, 782 2,996,797 873, 677 1,173,266 796,000 2,321,596 120,400 10, 558, 395 4 1 7,095 6,552 285 4,512 600 8,867 500 18, 501 56,911 5 1,800 108,707 6 ! 4,751 31,000 7 8 q 285,928 25 in 11 25,500 90,953 ^?, Group 6.— BAGS, PAPEK— Continued. $396, 413 S94S 1 86,594,976 86, 48S,03i; S6, 488. 036 $38, 737 $44, 280 812,956 $10,967 $10,086,863 1 ■'' 017 63, 764 92,083 1, 791, 909 955,016 326, 607 3,365,598 63,173 90,217 1,775,936 904, 566 63, 173 90, 217 1,775,936 901,666 323, 682 3,330,462 616 985 10, 100 1,602 689 30, 388 75 16 4,304 i;,6ii 437 1, 513 887' 9,960 100 20 93,929 153, 430 2,858,011 1,613,106 466,813 5,001,574 74S 865 682 32, 276 1,699 3,215 3 23,087 4 93 '^S 260' 5 323, 682 3,330,462 6 250 15'^ 7 Group 8 BAKING AND YEAST POWDEKS— Continued. 84,761,326 373, 147 1, 363, 980 7,998 3,711 185 18,832 193, 526 13,356 43,016 29,908 61,393 7,116 1, 828, 818 26, 616 8,658 6,253 785,913 $69, 245 1,300 $8,940,076 1, 241, 478 1, 786, 830 49,886 25,938 4,429 134, 485 282, 106 392, 371 64, 172 4i, 454 245, 485 19,927 3, 061, 163 185, 245 58,366 27,460 1,319,291 SS, 776, 636 1, 230, 327 1, 757, 600 48,163 24,925 4,420 131, 166 255,765 ! 391,445 62, 569 40,468 I 244,807 18,593 3,053,444 183, 162 57,561 27, 100 ,245,121 S87' 798 679, 261 129, 673 3 208 140 25, 787 500 36,648 1,788 3,458 661,066 1,627,927 48, 160 24,717 4,280 131, 166 229, 978 391, 445 61, 854 39,968 244, 807 18, 693 3,052,727 147, 614 .55, 773 27, 100 l,241,(;il3 6,651 21,341 69 209 9 8, 572 176 630 105 89 455 4,907 745 214 210 16,223 4,894 2, 760 128 200 734 204 .590 8 606 4,162 100 85 171 75 40 866 15 564 25 74 65 1,389 814 1,203 49 10 30 126 6,032 1,479 87, 898, 838 Sm, 604 818, 781 877,340 967 1,426 595 2,500 17, 394 750 599 86 551 25 51, 436 $19,042,521 1,956,669 4,541,241 148, 501 64, 619 9,000 217, 738 716, 530 461, 647 159, 641 110,311 420. 172 51,221 6, 836, 540 285. 173 120,316 48, 100 2, 896, 113 90 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 4.— BASKETS, AND KATTAN AND WIL,L,0\»^ WARE. STATE OR TEEEITOET. United States Alabama California i Delaware Illinois Indiana Kentucky Louisiana Maine 1 Maryland ^ Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Virginia Wisconsin All other states i . . . Number of estab- lish- ments. 3 32 194 38 38 3 7 21 Total. »3, 600, 243 40,391 66, 513 162, 227 42,419 166, 894 112, 689 2,672 1,926 66, 979 274, 626 373, 702 1,223 26, 100 39, 872 203, 548 1,119,371 224, 017 136, 267 125, 676 97, 924 345, 309 Land. S300, 660 1,663 5,990 14,600 8,750 13,200 610 700 200 4,050 27, 300 41,933 125 7,740 83,965 19, 640 14, 199 9,800 8,850 36, 545 Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. $899, 120 4,000 I 18, 330 24, 670 11,800 27, 330 17,028 800 875 12, 660 82, 587 76,851 300 5,050 16,000 234, 216 39,984 26,960 16, 249 21,262 77, 621 19,000 4,581 44, 449 2,068 31,114 74,905 67 600 68,511 86, 261 155 1,640 12, 450 59,936 222, 820 87,314 19, 686 32, 690 34, 598 Cash and sun- dries. i.901 15, 728 27, 612 68, 508 19, 801 95, 260 20, 146 1.105 250 32, 580 96, 128 168, 657 643 24, 560 21,672 120, 872 678, 371 77,079 76, 522 67, 936 33, 214 142,367 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 160 28 456 11 600 126 16 60 352 656 2 2 113 306 1,967 79 166 190 252 840 Group 1,— BEET SUGAR. (See also special report on Beet sugar.) 1 51 j S55, 923, 4.59 Jl, 737, 943 811,466,749 S28, 695, 825 814,022,942 .61 40,187 2 6 9 19 3 15 10, 672, 786 16,639,688 12,989,630 2,171,698 14,449,757 193,903 1 838, 766 343, 898 22,599 ' . 338,787 1,819,614 2,681,208 3,601,987 476, 186 2,837,754 5,639,949 7,579,871 7,229,599 972, 219 7,274,187 3,019,320 4,539,753 1,814,146 700, 694 3.949,029 6 9 19 3 15 13, 791 8,547 9,041 1,200 7,608 3 Colorado 4 Michigan . . 6 fi All other states 2 . Group 10.— BEIiliS. (See also Foundry and macliine sliop products.) 1 United States . 21 $881,6.34 $49,650 $141,745 $188, 477 $501,762 20 586 Connecticut <>, 7 4 10 464,017 184,839 232, 778 ' 28,050 15,000 6,600 1 76,515 32,000 33, 230 92,083 48,400 47,994 267, 369 89, 439 144,964 7 4 9 407 3 29 130 4 All other states 3...: Group 5 BEIiTING AND HOSE, LEATHER. United States California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island All other states <... $10,785,245 190, 2.53 1,545,110 833, 175 105, 339 622, 194 438. 775 167,088 110,352 3, 669, 183 482, 367 709, 174 267, 264 1,644,981 .5247. 582 2.754 58. 000 18, 000 8,000 78, 170 4,000 2,500 8,500 15, 258 5,000 30,000 17,400 1,000 62,000 26,000 9,694 110, 330 3,600 10,000 16, 600 44,889 18, 000 81,000 163, 247 $1,058,967 30, 188 76,500 84,211 7,095 84,594 25,-423 13,294 27,001 294, 338 59,580 120, 335 52.433 183.975 $8, 932, 536 156,311 1,348,610 748,964 54, 244 520,006 224, 852 146, 194 70, 851 3,349,845 362, 640 666, 839 103, 821 1,280,359 3,529 133 173 212 60 236 365 60 66 1,078 307 205 150 494 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Cormecticut, 2; Florida, 1; Georgia, 2; Iowa, 2; Kansas, 1; Nebraska, 2; Oregon, 2; Rhode Island !• South Carolina,!: Tennessee,!; Utah, 1; Vermont, 2; Washington, 2; West Virginia, 1. ' ' ' ' 2 Ihcludes establishments distributed as follows: Idaho, 3; Miimesota, 1; Nebraska, 3; New York, 1; Ohio,!; Oregon,!; Utah, 4; Washington 1 GENERAL TABLES. 91 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group -1,.— BASKETS, AN» RATTAN AND AVH-liOW -WOIKE. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEKKS, ETC. Plerk.s, etc WAGE-EAENERS. Aggregate. Officers of Xunilier. corporations. General superintendents, managers. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing tlie year. 7, .501 Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 1 Total. 11 Men. omen. Number. Salaries. Salaries. Number. 1 Salaries. Niiiiilirr. Salaries. Namljer. Salaries. 525 236 $202,602 46 $69,005 190 5133,597 163 S123, 425 27 810,172 4,122 1 3 13 10 18 3 5 5 3 20 39 23 6 7 4 36 7 2 9 1 19 2 6,200 2,220 7,596 1,560 17.52S . 1 1,500 6 2 6 4,700 2,220 2,847 6 2 6 4,700 2,220 2,847 222 126 405 106 478 1.59 8 21 109 369 777 o 29 60 182 2,256 763 225 398 210 596 80 46 224 55 229 104 8 9 74 174 255 2 15 39 107 1,336 447 106 349 128 336 o '1 3 1 6 4,749 1,560 6,200 4 5 14 2 ii,32S 11 2 10,060 2,875 3 i,268 6 7 H "■""":"; ;'"::;:.: .i ::;: 13 21 1 17 14,630 17,361 13, 610 2 3 3 5,500 4,200 4,400 11 18 14 9,130 13, 161 9,210 11 12 13 9,130 10, 131 8,910 10 6 1 3,030 300 11 12 13 5 2 9 65 14 8 16 4 o2 2.399 1,629 11.2S11 00,913 7,929 5,888 12,880 3,780 17,324 1,500 3 2 7 58 11 8 14 3 11 899 1,629 4,780 38,957 5,729 5,888 9,280 3,180 7,784 1 2 60 8- 7 14 3 8 275 1,629 4,780 36, 175 4,829 5,524 9,280 3,180 6,880 2 624 14 1=; 3 6,600 16,956 2,200 16 1 217 ' 41 i 41 8 3 1 2,782 900 364 17 18 19 2 1 11 3,600 600 9,540 '>fl 7 22 ''I 3 904 22 Group 1. — BEET SUGAR. (See also special report on Beet sugar.) 763 ■51,004,636 122 S284. 781 641 $719,865 600 $702,969 41 816,886 13, 178 5,675 1 90 96 269 47 261 149,030 219, 318 293,500 51,600 291,288 11 11 41 4 55 61,730 60, 404 91,667 15, 000 56,980 79 85 228 43 206 87,300 158,914 201,833 36,500 235,308 71 83 210 41 195 83,820 157, 614 195, 157 35,300 231,078 8 2 18 2 11 3,480 1,300 6,676 1,200 4,230 1,627 2,953 5,006 782 2,810 529 1,294 1,641 770 1,441 3 4 ■; 6 Group lO. — BEIiliS. (See also Foundry and macblne sbop products.) 17 1 66 $53,514 18 $20,650 48 $32,864 37 $28,669 11 $4,195 694 456 1 1 4 12 31 12 23 27,390 11,080 15,044 10 4 4 13,150 4,000 3,500 21 8 19 14,240 7,080 11,. 544 15 7 15 11,487 6,580 10,602 6 1 4 2,753 500 942 381 33 180 309 28 , 119 2 3 4 Group 5.— BELiTING ANO HOSE, liEATHER. 94 614 $787,319 87 $220,608 527 $566, 711 437 $518,031 90 $48,680 2,365 ! 1,820 1 4 20 23,290 2 4,200 18 19,090 15 17, 815 3 1,275 47 30 2 2 34 82,434 6 44,500 29 37,934 19 32,300 10 5,634 136 121 3 6 63 82,306. 12 28,900 51 63,-406 45 50, 074 6 ' 3,332 164 146 4 2 11 5,747 1 600 10 5,147 8 4,383 2 764 13 . 11 : 5 7 52 54,152 11 23,180 41 30,972 31 26, 497 10 4,475 : 202 160 1 6 6 16 22,804 3 11,220 13 11,584 9 9,040 4 2,544 111 i 88 1 7 2 27 20,492 7 7,680 20 12,812 16 10,812 5 2,000 43 24 8 9 8 6,826 1 1,900 7 4,926 6 4,562 1 364 81 i 65 9 22 216 287,432 16 29,240 200 258, 192 177 244, 194 23 13,998 869 ' 644 10 1 43 58,659 10 24,912 33 33,747 28 31,142 5 2,605 92 60 11 17 38 34,625 1 4,000 37 30,625 31 27,554 6 3,071 136 119 12 6,080 102,472 1,500 38,776 3 4,580 63, 696 3 4,580 55,078 37 34 13 12 82 17 65 50 16 8,618 424 328 14 3 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Illinois, 2; Indiana,!; Iowa, 1; Michigan, 2; Missouri, 2; Ohio, 2. ^ Includes estabhshments distributed as follows: Delaware,!; Georgia,!; Kentucky,!; Louisiana, !; Maine, !; Maryland, 1; Minnesota, 2; New Han-ipshire, !; North, Carolina, !; Tennessee, 2; Virginia, !; Washington, !; Wisconsin, L 92 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 4.— BASKETS, ANB RAXTAN AND WIl.L,OW WARE— Cor, tinued. STATE OR TERRITORY. United States Alabama California Delaware Illinois Indiana Kentucl^y Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire . . . New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Virginia Wisconsin All other states WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Average ntimber. 134 70 267 60 338 7 12 1 75 269 405 2 21 52 139 1,569 474 170 367 168 408 32.807 24,016 65,711 28,467 112,339 29,968 3, 560 4,060 28, 244 106,781 160,002 600 6,9.30 24.774 48; 822 586, 558 158, 744 66, 624 57, 669 50,519 133,737 Men 16 years and over. Wages. 51,730,932 Average number. 3,828 105 38 227 58 7 12 73 248 302 1 18 51 124 1,166 334 1,53 198 157 287 Wages. SI, 470, 2.36 28, 863 14, 674 58, 998 24,813 90, 945 21, 362 3, 560 4,060 102, 790 135, 434 300 6,570 24, 574 45, 580 492,929 128, 369 62.074 41,452 47. 533 107, 476 Women 16 years and over. Average number. IVages. 1.072 8228,630 Children under 16 years. Average number. 11 I 1,193 30 8,992 29 I 5,2,30 11 3.549 98 18, 868 33 ,828 1 7 386 115 14 143 5 2,263 20,810 300 310 200 1,987 91,242 26, 725 3,520 13,144 1,000 21,469 18 2 11 1 19 Wages. S32, 066 2,751 350 1,483 105 2,626 778 364 10 ; 1,728 24 3, 758 8 1,255 17 2, .387 25 3,650 3 1,030 26 3,073 6 1,986 25 4,792 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. .?.379. 722 8,274 4,383 15, 948 7,909 24, 336 C, 394 744 735 14,739 35, 102 33,404 275 2,872 2,267 21,. 597 114,217 22,9.36 17,276 10,.J,J2 7,927 27, 835 Rent of works. .S45.869 330 2,016 21 2,708 490 665 636 1,507 2,370 781 164 2,127 3,786 17, 379 1,754 6,094 350 600 2,091 Taxes, not including internal .S18, 386 176 667 413 147 1,434 10 72 10 2,422 4,241 6 42 168 543 3,352 1,195 685 168 737 Group 1 aEET SUGAR— Continued. 1 United States 3,963 ,S2,486,702 3,928 $2,472,0.32 10 So, 096 25 S9,574 $1,999,5.55 S8.675 S234, 768 ■> 614 1,048 1,211 168 922 429,420 792,916 581,074 96, 882 586,410 606 1,039 1,206 168 910 424,771 788, 4m 678, 665 96,882 583, 228 4 . 1 4 2,749 660 1,647 4 8 1,900 3,870 862 .305, 410 459,880 706, 628 39,792 487,845 24, 714 80,666 72,898 1,300 56, 190 3 Colorado Michigan 4 8,676 fi All other states 1 240 11 2,942 Group 10 — BEIiliS— Continued. 1 United States Connecticut - 530 S253, 188 462 S233, 179 60 SIS. 717 S SI, 292 S70.512 S3, 825 86,606 2 3 353 32 146 172,291 17, 292 63, 605 307 32 123 169,fi04 17,292 56,283 ■ 39 11,570 7 1,117 21,337 29,4.55 25, 720 150 980 2,695 3,314 712 1,480 4 21 7,147 1 176 Group 5.— BEL.TING AND HOSE, LEATHER— Continued. United States California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New .Tersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island All other states 130 167 11 177 SI, 164, .548 26,999 76, 982 96, 680 7,324 104, 224 99 34 69 759 53, 238 18,9.35 34, 681 423,694 80 47, 734 127 84,255 36 377 22,051 169,851 2,014 34 127 166 11 166 99 33 80 125 33 343 81,140,992 25,343 75, 942 94, 380 7, .324 100,410 53, 238 18,519 .33,007 418, 528 47,734 83, 695 20, 543 162, .329 $21,451 656 1,040 1,200 3,814 416 1,493 4,968 560 1,508 5,806 12 .S2.105 10 181 208 $1,263,294 27.830 109. 679 114,1.34 6.061 34, 62S 31,291 9,781 378, 200 57.692 .58. 267 11.259 337, 679 .S143.929 6,870 160 24, 160 415 13, 570 2,750 2,600 3, 430 61,009 5, 497 14,210 400 8,968 S30, 786 528 2,495 2.334 '641 5,075 461 495 4,174 721 GENERAL TABLES. 93 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. «roui» 4.— BASKE:TS, AND KATTAN AND WIl,L,OW WAKE— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— COUt'd. Rent ol offices, interest, etc. S258, 372 Contract work. 7,768 1,621 7,142 5,054 22 412 5,719 36 1 725 5,570 ,rv I- 29.760 28,382 105 703 2, 099 17, 26S 56, ,S2C. 19,987 8,769 8,082 6,590 23,754 S.-.-.095 Aggregate. SI, 803, 290 179 8,372 , 364 550 1 36, 660 1,828 1,952 19,600 55,498 98,011 34,948 66,984 26, 139 2,632 3,001 52,865 9."i.225 146,860 1.855 11,159 1 1 20,595 '■ 103, 204 656,546 96, 792 .w 456 47 927 (i.i 873 145 120 COST OF MATERIALS USED. Principal iiuiti'i-ials TotaL $1,720,702 Purcliasfd in raw statr. Purchased in partially manufactured I form (inciud- ' ing "nil Dthnr I ltl;lt("'Tiiils" ) . 57117,310 18.,S.S9 1 16, 816 50. 8118 2,233 97.357 32,616 33.3,80 12, 162 61.0.51 24, 418 25,388 22,712 2,534 1,634 2,913 2, 133 52,302 18,712 91,795 20,0.51 139,379 79,908 1,845 10,348 6, 509 1.5,565 160 99,580 59,365 634, 220 451,863 92,810 35,860 55, 139 28, .509 45,247 21,845 62, 408 48,336 133,744 43,611 2,073 48, 635 (14, 742 21,218 36, 633 2,117(1 900 780 33, 590 71,744 59, 471 1,845 3,839 15,405 40, 215 182, 357 56, 950 26,630 23, 402 14,072 90, 133 Fuel. S25, .500 264 100 Rpnt of power and heat. 464 2,323 764 10 20 225 617 9,896 2,263 1,693 100 1,905 1,638 Mill sup- plies. S4, 487 $11, 865 412 "24' 495 25 600 . 946 1,065 360 327 191 48 215 8 2,508 193 462 1,364 60 257 2,402 1,424 226 225 1,200 1,023 Freigtit. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom worlc and repairing. $34,676 256 4,070 439 1,065 1,136 98 20 60 150 5,328 676 4,145 1,904 2,973 215 1,.398 2,355 8,388 $5, 1.87, 2(13 83,713 92, 830 220, 166 97,313 266,965 68, 507 10, 672 11,662 124,349 303, 470 435, 384 8,196 36, 264 56, 129 206, 103 1,949,015 352,300 184,811 141, 187 171,923 21 366, 304 22 Group 1.— BEET SUGAR— Continued. S1.742,a57 $13,255 ; $14,486,876 $13,039,077 $11,714,596 $1,324,481 81,224,865 $150 5102,897 $119,887 $24, 393, 794 1 279, 673 379, 214 1,023 2,463,829 3,892,405 3,761,473 585,376 3, 783, 793 2,269,216 3,579,006 3,334,641 497, 164 3,359,050 2,011,176 3,083,337 3,028,634 466, 384 3,125,065 258, 040 495, 669 306,007 30, 780 233,985 180,582 303, 844 338,598 58, 699 343, 142 14,031 !.- 9,555 j.. 34, 183 12,513 32, 615 4, 415, 172 7,198,982 6,378,004 938,384 6, 463, 262 ? iso" 63,'96i' 17,000 48,986 3 I 620,889 38, 492 4, 166 4 5 424, 589 8,066 6 Groui> 10.— BEIiliS— Continued. $63,606 $3,575 $463,377 $438,049 3438,049 $12, 847 $1,056 $2,950 $8,475 $1,000,220 1 17,873 24,188 21,645 245,817 90,829 126,731 231, 604 87, 194 119, 251 231,604 87, 194 119,261 7, 755 1,387 3,706 179 280 597 1,891 88 971 4,388 1,880 2,207 • 540,0.52 179, 223 280,946 9, 3,575 3 4 Group 5.— BEL,TING AND HOSE, L,EATHEK— Continued. $1,071,621 $16,968 $9,317,206 $9,156,408 $188,938 $8,966,470 $104,714 $17, 421 $13, 464 $26, 199 $14,220,306 1 20,432 107,034 87, 440 5,005 62, 158 27, 796 17,5^2 5,856 314,302 48,021 43,326 10,056 322,623 120,783 616,006 616,680 • 65,323 804,679 472,997 207, 441 110,067 3,764,315 549, 668 540, 740 78,870 1,370,637 115,749 609,083 603, 645 63,805 796,889 459,261 205.817 107^393 3,736,340 544,513 534, 420 76,348 1,302,165 8,000 107,749 609,083 533, 645 63,805 796, 889 434, 261 181,817 106, 455 3, 71.5, 340 544,503 534, 420 7(3,348 1,202,165 150 5,011 4,665 400 3,225 7, 625 1,213 1,383 20, 186 1,890 2,725 1,7.56 54, 485 2,850 150 1,152 825 1,931 35 240 686 2,560 .550 1,,827 40 4.. 575 271 262 6,818 36 1,348 595 171 205 1,506 345 407 6.55 845 1,763 600 400 267 1,286 6,481 234, 240 932,927 1,0.55,050 99, 222 1, 107, 971 639,745 316,224 189,970 5,749,267 752,716 866,030 163, 268 2,114,676 2 3 200 70,000 4 5 6,000 6 25,000 24,000 938 21,000 1 y 10, 758 K 400 3,723 2,380 1,361 71 8,577 9 10 11 12 13 40.000 14 94 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 2.— BEIiTING AND HOSE, LiINEN. STATE OK TEERITOEY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 20 $2,668,377 $47,489 $216,389 $364,804 $2,049,695 17 1,333 Maryland •> 4 7 3 6 580,048 420,035 963,044 705,250 6,000 6,000 21,434 16,065 11,000 12,000 148,970 44,419 46,015 71,470 193,958 44,361 519,033 331,566 598,682 600,416 4 7 3 3 243 195 756 139 1 4 New Jersey . ^i Group 14.— BEL.TING AND HOSE, RUBBER. (See also Rubber and elastic goods.) 1 United States 19 $13,240,273 $576,210 $1,412,016 $2,321,475 $8,930,572 19 12,406 •> 12 7 8,481,247 4,769,026 351,250 224,960 1,108,540 303,476 1,264,355 1,067,120 6,767,102 3,173,470 12 7 7,666 4,740 1 Group 13.— BICYCI-ES AND TRIC¥CLES. (See also special report on Bicycles and tricycles.) 1 101 85,883,458 $282,740 $1,116,039 $2,360,698 82,124,981 80 7,131 ■> 4 13 8 4 8 3 32 3 12 3 U 13,631 1,029,876 689,567 238,330 18,235 11,300 657,629 1,132,226 209,909 31,212 1,851,745 2,317 432,196 344,710 48,334 5,700 2,800 277,114 396,066 46,121 10,775 796,675 11,214 407,803 234,210 158,307 8,236 8,600 273,706 607,610 107,987 18,212 389,297 3 10 8 4 6 1 23 3 10 3 10 8 2,939 1,130 232 11 4 612 666 128 32 1,380 s 47,036 4,400 2,500 1,900 142,840 106,247 29,189 2,400 4 5 6 7 s New York 26,260 30,629 27,100 81,459 199,130 28,701 2,225 522,848 Ohio 10 11 1'' 144,025 Group 4.— BIL.L.IARD TAB1.ES AND JTIAXERIAIiS. 1 United States ... 48 81,617,652 $52,060 $93,115 $175,035 $1,297,352 22 631 ") 8 9 3 17 3 8 37,125 124,630 94,240 936,164 288,395 137,108 2,200 1,000 6,600 7,600 21,600 14,350 2,000 3,500 5,200 19,425 39,790 23,200 8,125 9,913 4,200 90,862 62,105 9,830 24,800 110,117 79,340 818,367 176,000 89,728 2 3 3 10 2 2 22 IS 48 338 150 56 ^ 5 n Ohio 7 All other states ^ Group 8. — BliACKING. (See also Cleansing and polisliing preparations.) 1 United States 138 $3,166,476 $149,125 $397,308 $383,797 $2,225,245 66 1,925 Illinois 9 11 3 3 53 3 4 31 13 4 13 130,247 20,212 15,949 1,201,695 28,800 36,303 640,429 664,148 110,683 417,009 10,000 1,000 13,000 4,000 24,282 2,699 1,411 133,100 3,800 4,252 87,464 36,676 2,586 87,528 82,965 12,513 14,538 847,861 25,000 32,051 435,716 409,998 93,973 270,631 4 2 1 28 2 3 14 6 39 10 7 801 23 62 329 204 s 4 'S Massachusetts 28,900 191,834 8 7 S 45,650 50,900 4,626 8,050 71,600 56,. 574 9,500 50,800 9 10 11 6 450 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Illinois,!; New York, 1; Ohio, 2; Pennsylvania, 2. 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 1; Connecticut,!; Delaware, 1; Illinois,!; Massachusetts,!; New York, 1; Pennsylvania 1. 3 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 2; Coimecticut, 2; Indiana, 2; Maryland,!; Missouri, 2; North Carolina, 1; Rhode Island ' 1. GENERAL TABLES. 95 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 2.— BI<:L.TI]Va AND HOSE, LIIV-EN. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. - Officers ol SALAI corporations. tIED OrnCIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNERS. Aggregate. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing thie year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing tbe year. Total. Men. W omen. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 15 102 ?176.(i74 20 S97,700 82 $78,974 63 S«8,221 19 810,753 775 619 1 1 5 3 6 1 31 25 1 n 42,680 28.007 74, ',172 31,015 8 3 6 19,200 8,500 55,000 16,000 23 '^2 is 19 23, 480 19,507 19,972 16,015 17 17 17 12 20,016 15,837 19, 452 12,916 6 5 1 7 3,464 • 3,670 520 3,099 252 113 28t) 121 201 80 241 97 2 3 4 5 Group 14 — BEIiXING AND HOSE, RUBBER. (See also Rubber and elastic goods.) i 512 .5807,648 40 $253,645 472 $564,003 376 $494,472 96 $59,631 4,273 3,1J] 1 i5 461,382 346,266 32 8 200,795 62,850 190 282 260,587 293, 416 149 227 228,217 266,265 41 65 32,370 27,161 2,626 1,747 1,883 1,308 ?. 3 Group 12.— BIC\'C1.ES AND XRlCYCIiES. (See also special report on Bicycles and tricycles.) 81 ' 361 $350,798 31 11 $76,216 ; 330 $274,682 275 $251,717 55 S22,Sllo 4,893 1,740 1 3 ; 2 82 47 19 2 28 61 6 3 109 1,300 82, 304 46,026 13,225 1,060 1,404 25,974 62, 2d6 3,940 2.388 111,881 1 5 700 7,780 1 77 47 17 2 1 20 54 6 1 104 600 74,624 45,026 8,225 1,060 624 17,574 48, 496 3,940 468 74,046 1 69 36 12 2 1 13 40 4 600 71,874 39,568 6,320 1,060 624 14,062 42,044 3,280 12 1,624 492 118 18 3 620 565 167 19 1,275 8 371 213 23 9 3 U2 296 61 8 557 6 6 8 11 6 2,660 5,458 1,905 3 4 2 6,000 5 6 o 28 1 8 7 780 8,400 13,800 7 7 14 2 1 7 3,612 5,852 660 468 2.360 8 9 15 ' 4 8 10 2 5 1.920 37,836 11 97 71,685 12 Group 4.— BIIililARD TABL.ES AND MATERIAI/S. 52 116 $160,546 IS 356,124 98 $J4,422 70 $85,862 28 S8, .560 1,012 735 1 9 10 1 21 1 10 1 12 60 I 42 4 624 11,280 12,124 101,7,';8 22,282 2,478 1 2 7 46 40 3 624 900 5,500 69, 438 16,782 1,178 1 2 4 19 624 900 1,200 1,4.50 4,386 29 81 180 466 149 107 22 56 106 344 126 81 ?. 6 6 5 2 1 10,380 6,624 32,320 5.500 1,300 5 41 21 3 4,300 67,988 12, 396 1,178 i 5 6 7 Group 8.— BLACKING. (See also Cleansing and polishing preparations.) 137 451 $499,010 51 $139,842 400 $359, 168 308 $317,231 92 541,937 1,563 946 1 10 25 14 9 102 21 21 164 28 5 62 23,666 8,308 9,824 107,886 11,424 16,000 207.917 42, 127 7,121 64,738 3 4 i 1 7,000 3,640 3,600 24,601 2,000 22 10 7 93 20 21 148 19 3 ■ 67 16, 666 4,668 6,224 83,284 9,424 16,000 146,516 ■ 17,827 1,621 56,938 11 6 7 60 17 14 124 16 2 62 11, 466 2,706 6,224 66,869 8,140 13, 100 136,094 17,007 1.361 54, 274 n 5 6,210 1,962 175 41 14 408 27 17 424 321 21 305 97 29 7 299 12 16 218 109 18 141 2 3 2 62 4 4 23 14 3 15 4 .33 3 7 24 3 1 6 16.415 1,284 2.900 10, 422 820 260 2,664 6 6 7 16 J 2 5 61.401 24, 300 5,500 7,800 8 9 10 11 < Includes establishments distributed as lollows: Connecticut, 1; Iowa, 1; Michigan, 1; New .Jersey, 1; Pennsylvania, 2; Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 1. ' s Includes establishments distributed as follows; California,!; Connecticut, 2; Indiana, 1; Kentucky,!; New Hampshire,!; New Jersey, 2; Ohio, 2; Oregon,!; Bhode Island, 1; Tennessee, 1. 96 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 2.— BEIiXING AND HOSE:, I/INEN— Continued. STATE OE TEEEITORY. WAGE-EAENEE3 AND -WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United states Maryland Massachusetts New Jersey 692 82.52,061 223 $130,957 444 8116,568 25 $4,536 $352,048 $23,095 $9,588 2 3 4 5 223 71, 1.50 96 39,512 263 97,425 110 43.974 54 36 90 43 28, 138 22,306 51, 706 28,807 161 56 167 61 41,863 15,883 44,669 14, 153 8 5 6 6 1, 149 60, 259 1,323 36,270 1,050 193,161 1,014 62.358 11,300 11,260 340 195 2,487 1,571 4,710 820 Group 14 BEL.XING AND HOSE, RUBBER— Continued. 1 United States New Jersey 3,698 SI, 804, 992 3,288 $1, 682, 480 332 1107, 172 78 $15,340 $1,571,691 $24,100 $39,348 ■> 2,192 1,506 1,112,049 692, 943 2,057 1,231 1,071,568 610,912 121 211 37, 296 69, 876 14 64 3,185 12, 165 949, 326 622,365 300 23,800 21,689 17,659 3 Group 12 BICYCIiES AND TRICYCIiES— Continued. United States California Illinois Massachusetts Micnigan Minnesota New Jersey New York Ohio... Pennsylvania Wisconsin AH other states 3,319 $1,971,403 10 969 344 79 11 410 446 94 12 942 6,010 593, 902 180,384 47,763 6,088 1,060 205,945 292, 780 61,762 0,925 578, 784 3,298 10 968 335 79 11 2 407 446 90 12 938 $1, 964, 940 6,010 693, 641 178, 030 47,763 $3,481 6,088 1,060 205, 113 292,780 51,060 6,925 576, 470 14 $2, 982 1, 266 3 I 832 I'j ioii' 'i'l i82' $574, 655 3,029 76,915 110,908 24, 567 3,354 1,458 83,268 158, 556 30, 670 10, 892 71,038 $58, 463 1,666 31, 060 2,220 740 1,768 570 10, 604 720 3,740 844 4,532 $29,963 50 5,357 3,064 918 160 2, 644 3,078 544 Group 4 BIIililARD TABLES AND MATERIAliS— Continued. 1 United States Illinois Massachusetts Missouri New York Ohio All other states 796 $500, 907 i 776 3496,609 16 $3,507 4! $791 o 21 69 79 395 139 93 i 10, 873 41,838 25, 560 292, 779 75,285 54,582 17 68 79 j 395 127 90 9,468 41,578 25, 550 292, 779 73,160 64,074 4 1,405 3 1 260 4 5 6 7 10 2 1,760 352 2 1 375 156 8247,113 850, 834 86,642 10, 795 3,267 217 14,151 5,285 ' 838 10,583 4,261 1,59 168,342 35,881 2,927 28,698 1,600 2, 052 14, 544 540 449 Group 8.— BLACKING— Continued. United States Illinois Maine Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan Missouri New York Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states 3495, 963 128 I 28 I 10 ■ 15 14 331 114 i 20 212 1 46,062 10, 426 2,500 163, 964 4,470 6,206 121,379 44, 610 7,183 90, 175 679 $304, 026 62 156 4 4 143 63 14 126 27, 276 4,134 2,200 102, 745 1,754 2,675 09,802 26, 310 5,933 61, 191 10 181 56 4 68 $178, 825 12, 444 6,291 300 60,977 1,712 3,530 50, 569 17, 306 1,100 24, 606 232 1,004 1,018 150 4,378 $972, 135 41, 675 11,702 5,060 319,510 19, 689 11,371 231, 280 45,838 30, 824 265, 186 $65, 158 $14,274 4,286 649 324 261 817 79 24, 946 6,597 740 26 1,890 270 26, 322 3, 467 2,783 1,374 518 222 2,533 1,430 GENERAL TABLES. 97 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 3.— BEI,TING AND HOSi:, LiINEN— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Bent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. .\ggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. SI. 660. 214 Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing ' ■ all other materials"). $310,793 $8,672 $1,697,515 '•■ $1,660,214 $14,866 S4,471 $10,205 $7,759 $2,836,699 1 46,472 14,867 188,111 61,343 490, 231 483, 830 367, 466 662,672 166,246 483,830 .357,466 652, 672 166.246 3,248 3,524 6,485 1,609 1,500 930 641 1,500 1,653 1,379 7,028 145 764, 747 562,433 1,162,172 367,347 ? 8.572 369, 108 666, 726 171,460 5,809 3 4 1,960 5 Group 14.— BEL,TING AND HOSE, KUBBER— Continued. $1,506,728 $1,515 i $9,089,786 $8,729,025 $3,877,794 $4,851,231 $235, 373 $29, 126 $46,676 $49,586 $14,954,186 1 927, 337 579,391 6,141,465 2,948,321 5,901,680 2,827,345 2,754,453 1,123,341 3,147,227 1,704,004 162,962 82,411 11,900 17,226 42, 497 4,179 32, 426 17, 160 9, 915, 742 5,038,444 '>, 1,515 , 3 Group 12.— BICYCIiES AND TKICYCL,ES— Continued. $408,044 $78,195 ' $2,628,146 $2, 443, 893 $2,443,893 $85,791 $19,712 $42,884 $35,866 $5,153,240 1 1,308 40,508 35,584 22,609 1,311 880 69,287 154,758 26,386 2,975 52,438 • 15,708 512,753 289,107 95,709 14,407 4,539 347, 165 456,656 130, 181 18,781 743, 140 15,160 474,370 266,596 89,767 13,836 4,470 326, 102 418,868 124,918 17,734 692,082 15, 150 474,370 266, 696 89,767 13,S36 4,470 326,102 418,868 124,918 17,734 692,082 122 21,318 13, 262 3,243 210 56 7,393 17,073 2,714 632 19,869 186 400 520 12 336 6,059' 10,647 503 20 1,029 100 11,700 5,808 1,487 25 4 3,796 3,384 196 425 16,961 150 4,965 2,921 1,200 29,652 1,161,481 682,047 208,384 34,016 12, 162 758,789 1,040,982 250,348 44,456 1,030,923 9. 3 70,040 300 125 4 5 6 10 3,816 6,684 1,851 70 14, 199 7 733 8 9 10 6,997 11 ^^> Group 4 BIIililARD TABLES AND JUATERIALiS- Continued. $178,957, $10,680 $936, 608 $891, 376 $5,700 $885,676 $7,593 $4,232 $5, 612 $27,795 $2,222,922 1 7,211 8,028 5,963 119,414 25,046 13,295 100 266' 10,120 18,859 78,050 59,313 574,784 • 121,655 83,947 17,539 76,161 57,100 554,847 105,200 80,539 17, 539 76,161 57, 100 649, 147 106,200 80,539 425 512 231 3,675 1,931 819 700 860 342 2.340 20 202 40 2,643 2,661 46 175 335 1,600 11,279 11,863 2,543 65,869 190,081 123, 575 1,403,396 275, 278 174,733 2 3 4 5,700 5 260 7 Group 8.— BLACKING— Continued. $885,358 $7,345 $3,096,807 $3,019,722 $44,654 $2,976,068 $25,391 $9,674 $11,076 $30,944 $5,941,042 1 36,841 11,117 4,164 286,742 18,924 9,211 195,491 41,681 30,084 251,103 248,268 55,069 15,451 1,241,033 17,306 66,635 840,557 178,765 62, 109 372,624 243, 753 52,930 15,101 1,214,885 16,011 63,773 818,032 174,617 60,630 359,990 900 242, 853 62,930 16, 101 1,214,782 16,011 63,773 817,682 161, 583 60,630 329,723 434 110 250 9,794 90 936 4,064 2,538 642 6,534 1,298 504 25 3,399 150 2,224 26 549 1,500 75 8.161 860 900 13,031 926 837 4,116 397,674 96,950 32,007 2,191,153 46,586 106,381 1, 663, 997 359, 914 190, 457 856, 923 2 3 4 1,226 103 4,794 206 27 1,479 610 5 6 7 6,000 350 13,034 3,951 76 8 9 10 120 30,267 272 1,712 11 MFG ^PT 1 — 07- 98 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 8.— BI.IIING. STATE OS TEKEITOEY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 Vniterl States 56 S569, 535 $47,075 S48,247- $37,801 $436,412 9 284 Illinois 6 4 6 3 3 15 9 11 62,060 8,213 248,943 10,325 7,432 103,657 31,516 97,489 6,000 2,500 4,160 1,125 8,098 226 160 16,666 3,270 6,228 60, 410 7,088 223,998 10,100 7,282 67,927 20,246 69,361 1 15 ■i 4 Massachusetts 6,900 10, 947 2 72 =; 6 1 2 1 2 126 30 26 17 7 New York 9,976 4,000 22,200 20, 100 4,000 10,700 8 q Pennsylvania All other states ^ Group 8.— bone;, IVORY, AND LAIHP BIjACK. (See also Paints; Chemicals; ana special report on Cbemicals.) 1 United States. .. 25 ! $1,663,143 $179,689 $568,864 $474, 154 $450,636 21 1,090 Pennsylvania 9 8 ■ 368,253 774, 244 620,646 77,800 19,600 82,289 121, 700 236, 271 200,893 102,863 280,623 90,778 65,900 237,950 146, 686 6 9 6 316 310 465 s 4 All other states = Group 6. -BOOKBINDING AND BL.ANK BOOK MAKING. (See also Printing and. publishing; and special report on Printing and publishing.) United States. 2 California 3 Colorado 4 I Connecticut 5 District of Columbia. 6 Georgia Illinois Indiana. .. Iowa Kansas Kentucky. Louisiana Maine , Maryland Massachusetts . Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire. New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania. Rhode Island . Virginia Washington Wisconsin All other states ^ 26 3 -17 6 3 79 11 13 3 3 7 11 15 96 22 22 28 3 23 304 45 3 102 10 $16,904,883 313, 606 10,700 86, 676 26, 368 13, 000 1,361,566 144,266 48,006 96, 645 9,360 21,220 70, 201 82,350 2,268,635 429, 572 193, 615 230, 179 8,093 349, 466 7, 567, 640 231,417 25, 665 2, 548, 805 81. 664 107,936 30,600 502,730 56, 025 $535, 701 7, 450 200 17,809 183, 800 7,000 9,100 3,000 2,000 $1,334,967 9,000 6,600 160 860 52,400 500 65,300 1,500 2,400 27, 628 62,919 16,948 235,818 73,749 8,400 500 57,442 691,857 242,913 17,600 2,900 8,100 4,000 $6, 100, 144 147,002 8,000 36, 180 16, 019 7,000 602. 681 66,428 26, 374 38, 348 6,000 15, 600 37, 394 67,023 652,005 129, 957 96, 070 80,330 4,500 134, 618 2, 444, 382 134, 334 13, 000 1,050,694 38, 633 47, 469 13,050 169,913 30,050 $8,934,081 161, 004 2,700 49, 496 10, 349 6,000 661, 284 86,828 21,631 28,269 3,360 6,620 32, 807 26, 327 1,317,893 209,918 96, 946 133, 999 2,893 139, 596 4,337,601 97, 083 12, 665 1,093, 173 43, 031 35, 977 6,560 321,717 12,375 559 7 179 6,095 116 2 39 11 2 83 32 812 230 177 1,956 133 12 1,328 22 43 7 126 46 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Indiana, 2; Kentucky, 1; Louisiana, 1; New Jersey, 1; Oklahoma. 1; Tennessee, 1; Virginia, 2; Wisconsin, 2. 2 Includes estabUshments distributed as follows: Georgia, 1; Illinois, 1; Massachusetts, 1; New Jersey, 1; New York, 2; Ohio, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 99 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Gronp 8.— BL.i;iNG. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EAKNEES. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerics, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 53 47 845,041 9 •S13,2a0 38 131,841 26 $25,889 12 $6,952 283 162 1 4 4 6 4 1 13 11 10 14 1 9 12,700 30O 12,292 1 1,200 13 1 6 11,500 300 7,292 7 1 3 9,000 300 6,430 6 2,600 61 18 45 12 11 73 21 52 16 s 10 6 11 53 17 31 2 3 5,000 3 1,862 4 3 8 1 11 2,700 1,800 4,000 1 6 1 10 900 5,980 390 5,479 1 6 900 5,980 6 9,9SC ; 2 7 390 6,679 1 2 390 1,200 s 1 1,200 8 4,279 9 Groap 8.— BONE, IVORYT, AND IiAJfll* IBLACK. (See also Paints; Cliemlcals; and special report on Chemicals.) 11 47 S4S,490 ' 22 S22, 102 25 $26,388 21 $24,840 4 SI. 648 235 181 1 6 1 4 7 29 11 7,280 24,322 16,888 2 18 2 3,000 16,702 3,400 5 11 9 4,280 8,620 13,488 4 10 7 4,020 8,320 12,500 1 1 2 260 300 988 67 70 98 52 60 69 2 3 4 Group 6o— BOOKBINDING AND BLANK BOOK ITIAKINO. (See also Printing and publislfting; and special report on Printing and publisliing.) 999 1,647 $1,790,501 222 $544,927 1,425 $1,245,574 1,070 $1,054,050 355 $191,624 23,377 14,912 1 25 5 17 4 4 83 6 14 2 3 7 12 17 110 23 24 34 2 26 344 52 4 117 8 9 8 25 14 40 1 11 6 1 212 19 22 9 45,316 300 11,754 8.060 720 209,732 17,518 27,604 14,524 10 15,400 30 1 10 2 1 172 10 21 7 29,916 300 8,754 2,180 720 132,877 8,176 27,284 4,524 22 1 7 2 1 112 7 16 4 25,356 300 7,230 2, 180 720 100,924 6,216 20,660 3,540 8 4,660 524 21 79 47 22 2,248 117 67 96 11 50 113 200 2,939 343 213 432 12 322 9,233 441 58 4,562 82 201 33 824 98 404 19 69 30 13 1,187 78 61 75 9 33 90 131 2,121 160 160 353 7 2S2 6,645 328 42 1,766 64 137 24 580 64 2 3 1 4 3,000 5.880 3 1,524 4 5 6 40 9 1 2 76,855 9,342 320 10,000 60 3 6 3 31,953 1,960 6,624 984 7 8 9 10 11 1 7 11 140 24 27 30 936 6,482 7,049 141,875 24,695 33,459 38,316 1 7 10 127 21 24 25 936 6,482 6,049 107,461 15, 195 26,759 26,216 1 4 7 72 14 19 21 936 6,240 6,100 78, 716 11,710 23,879 22,916 12 3 3 56 7 6 4 1,242 949 28,746 3,485 2,880 3,300 13 1 13 3 3 5 1,000 34,414 9,500 6,700 12,100 14 16 16 17 18 19 55 681 38 5 224 17 7 54,080 768,923 26,680 6,400 272, 182 18,320 7,200 6 77 5 2 17 3 2 12,000 242,920 7,200 3,600 66,196 6,100 2,500 49 604 33 3 207 14 6 42,080 626,003 19,380 1,800 206,986 13,220 4,700 41 460 26 2 182 12 5 39, 168 447,405 16,524 1,500 193,477 12,232 4,700 8 144 7 1 25 2 2,912 78,598 2,856 300 13,609 988 20 21 22 23 24 26 26 27 57 2 48,576 900 18 21,900 39 2 26,676 900 32 23,422 7 2 3,254 900 28 29 ' 3 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 1; Delaware, 1; Idaho, 2; Montana, 2; Nebraska, 1; New Mexico, 1; North Dakota, 1; South Dakota, 1; Tennessee, 1; Texas, 1; Utah, 1; Vermont, 2. 100 MANUFACTURES. Group 8.— BliUING— Continued. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY STATE OR TEEKITOKY. WAGE-EARNERS AND "WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over.. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of worlcs. Taxes, not including internal ' revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States 206 877,204 105 $52,303 94 S23'. 785 7 81,116 8165,662 $13,231 $2,035 7, 25 11 34 8 11 61 16 41 10,352 3,170 13,989 3,682 4,990 27,344 4,910 8.767 9 6 16 8 10 32 11 13 6,890 1,868 9,343 3,682 4,730 19, 194 4,203 3,393 14 5 18 4,174 1,302 4,646 2 288 52, 744 982 60,974 1,301 1,613 32,105 3,966 12,078 1,488 627 840 660 1,356 4,568 1,706 1,986 117 3 Maryland 4 Massachusetts 522 41 87 427 135 706 5 Minnesota « 1 29 2 25 260 8,150 399 4,854 7 New York 8 Pennsylvania 2 3 308 ! 520 I Group 8 — BOIVE;, IVORV, AND L,AJ?IP BI,ACK— Continued. 1 United States PeriTiRylvq.nifi 200 $105, 159 192 $103,699 7 $1,360 1 $100 .$69,464 $6,290 $5, 866 2 57 60 83 30,803 34,456 39,900 56 59 77 30,703 34,306 38,690 1 100 26,730 26,882 16,842 1,800 1,290 3,200 842 3,413 1,611 3 1 6 150 1,210 4 All Other states Group 6.— BOOKBINDING AND BLANK BOOK IW 4 KING— Continued. United States. California Colorado Connecticut District of ColumlDia Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Virginia Washington Wisconsin All other states 38 16 1,562 93 52 82 9 40 101 147 2,505 227 177 384 9 295 ■ 7,984 383 61 1,985 69 76 .S7, 886, 945 233, 473 7,611 31,177 20, 818 6,026 800,238 34,335 23,828 29,066 4,070 20, 170 50,442 67, 308 1,026,734 89,486 82,622 158,944 4,710 116.718 3,048,146 159, 412 22,766 901,2.55 36,460 46, 148 17,226 230. 610 31,319 8,784 197 4 31 22 6 78 1,236 119 111 159 5 174 3,930 206 17 982 39 17 293 28 85,195,474 ;,379 .52,581,553 3,225 19,162 13,904 2,855 569,581 23,007 16,247 21,310 2,608 14,702 40,040 39,001 649,049 60,802 61,267 99,825 3,184 86, 474 341,805 112,974 11,852 613, 244 28,607 27,411 13,896 157,797 19,184 244 11 35 13 691 47 22 32 4 33 63 1,141 66 204 4 111 3,946 160 31 893 30 101 11 327 44 84,930 3,986 12,016 6,030 1,780 226, 311 11, 146 6,892 7,695 1,212 3,492 10, 402 17,231 347,249 26,660 21,355 55,588 1,526 27,973 1,282,939 43, 361 10,400 267,703 7,853 17, 737 3,330 64, 298 11,459 6 128 10 10 108 18 3 110 $109,918 $2,824,481 6.142 300 4,346 182 250 1.976 1,076 29, 436 3,023 1,271 23, 342 3,077 604 20,308 8,615 676 62, 248 1,0.56 18, 552 3,163 . 2,687 238, 661 16,916 21,020 1,836 1,890 2,516 9,457 9,135 397, 127 34, 403 50, 206 45,383 1,164 46, 563 1.319,937 52, 331 4,124 347,. 571 19,025 11,200 2,879 92,729 10.702 $709,766 18, 338 680 3,928 2,120 600 85, 411 5,027 2,779 222 1,450 1,800 3,520 5,132 64, 324 4, 490 10,665 15, 479 336 6,968 363, 213 20,142 2,280 73, 177 6,006 1,540 1,080 16,188 3,970 $51, 685 1,412 26 435 206 146 5,406 347 218 515 44 13,674 1,383 577 898 26 2,291 12, 755 1,281 203 4,908 642 1,384 259 1,521 430 GENERAL TABLES. 101 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Ciroup 8.— B1.1IING— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATEKIAL3 USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). 1 1 1142,552 S7.S44 5265,800 8259,994 $700 S2.59.294 .$2, 220 S2,701 $197 $682 $678,737 1 51,139 355 58,968 600 70 19,910 2,124 9,386 31,780 31,2.M 3, S65 3, S30 31, 255 3,430 61,775 12, 817 6,637 94, 756 16, 186 32,438 70 35 1,141 430 26 131, 273 11, 304 182, 373 24,930 17,852 194, 411 34, 694 81,900 ■> 400 S 644 63.283 13, 157 7,258 96, 979 16, 573 32,905 61, 775 13,117 6, 637 94,756 16, 186 32,438 100 40 621 1,200 117 150 4 300 •; fi 7,200 491 357 132 50 5 482 25 25 7 •H 310 q Uroiip 8.— BONE, IVORY, AND liAITlP BLACK— Continued. $57,298 5203,396 $185,377 $63,045 $122, 332 $1.3,355 $400 $2,840 $1,424 $647,717 1 23,088 22,179 12,031 01,162 52, 052 90, 182 1 56, 573 48,831 79,973 33,975 19, 070 10,000 22,598 29,761 69,973 2,960 1,425 8,970 405 1,796 639 1,224 178,687 274,022 195,008 ■) 3 400 200 4 Qroup 6.— BOOKBINDINO AND BLANK BOOK MAKING— Continued. $1,902,296 $160. 735 32,6-'8 450 10,584 817 241 136, 741 10,942 12,023 1,255 381 436 2,972 3,959 313, 6*7 28,285 I 32, 366 17,006 200 21, 749 auM,uzu 25,022 1,641 249,936 8,677 6,876 1,420 67,170 5,802 9,820 3,605 20 1,700 11, 103 600 6,000 2,450 5, 482 2 m 6.598 12,000 602 16, 5o5 44,949 5,886 19, 550 3,700 1,400 120 7,850 500 $9, 139, 937 179, 216 2,242 26, 047 14,426 934, 347 177, 708 36, 895 124, 431 2,720 5,137 44, 544 29,702 1,409,919 220, 429 97, 166 131,228 2,200 113, 77S 3,845,508 140, 343 20,070 1, 136, 532 24, 505 47, 641 7,373 341, 643 17,308 $8, 864, 136 172,908 2,100 24, 484 13, 750 6,751 912, 395 169, 049 36, 319 122, 741 2,527 4,728 42, 525 27, 139 1, 369, 776 206, 608 94, 252 127, 560 2,104 105, 986 3, 743, 418 135, 072 19,270 1,098,591 21,973 44, 9.37 6,871 3.34, 262 16,040 $600 $8, 863, 636 172,908 2,100 24, 484 13, 750 6,751 912, 395 169,049 36, 319 122, 741 2,527 4,728 42,526 27,139 1, 369, 776 206, 608 94, 252 127,660 2,104 106, 986 3, 743, 418 136,072 19, 270 1,098,091 21,973 44,937 6,871 334, 262 16, 040 $66, 080 205 24 311 312 5,720 747 61 510 40 306 1,382 10, 908 2,795 64 1,634 66 2,157 20,988 926 130 14, 606 94 185 149 1,513 349 $138, 628 4,408 108 390 348 127 13,714 1,032 362 1,020 150 1,603 1,017 20, 046 666 2,504 1,762 3,751 61,858 2,983 550 11, 414 1, .321 1,496 186 4,766 660 $29,018 1,330 10 34 16 4 1,482 64 56 150 3 13 65 46 7,084 565 1,702 11, 740 395 120 3,246 71 13 17 337 64 $42,075 365 1,036 6,816 97 10 55 119 2,106 9,796 132 183 30 179 7,504 968 8,677 1,046 1,010 160 765 205 $25, 223, 650 635,943 14, 844 104,681 50,236 22,142 2,565,997 286, 924 140,021 209, 675 10,866 36, 364 127, 273 141,841 3, 393, 654 439, 147 328,622 481, 926 11,378 406,858 11, 165, 333 456,940 60,480 2,968,028 119, 782 130,900 37,500 792, 878 84, 728 102 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY (iroup 5.-BOOX AND SHOE <;UT STOCK. (See also Boot and shoe findings; Boots and slioes; and special report on Boots and slioes.) • STATE OR TERRITORY. United States Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states J .. . Number of estab- lish- ments. 290 4 230 4 3 25 7 7 10 $9,860,007 30, 200 7,236,732 204, 987 43, 627 1,216,120 195, 462 150, 340 772, 549 Land. $227, 664 Buildings. tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. S468, 439 $861,194 $8, 302, 720 6,700 109,486 20, 100 6,000 16,998 8,000 43, 300 18,071 8,000 249,943 10,600 5,000 84,944 ' 8,000 38, 700 63,262 i 8,900 511, 446 28,997 13,715 154,282 29,900 13,488 100, 466 6,600 i, 365, 858 145, 290 19, 912 959,896 149, 562 54,862 600, 760 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 229 3 184 3 2 16 5 6 10 Total horse- power. 4,845 128 2,836 366 52 634 123 120 587 Group .i.-BOOX AND SHOE FINDINGS. (See also Boot and shoe out stock; Boots and shoes; and special report on Boots and shoes.) United States. Illinois Maine Massachusetts. . . New Hampshire. New Jersey New York Rhode Island All other states ^ . 4 4 155 7 11 17 5 11 $4,144,506 $100,840 70,260 161,968 3, 152, 428 137, 970 235,607 180,. 308 154, 463 51,611 I 4,600 7,760 73, 190 6,150 7,600 260 1,600 $266, 414 26, 600 11, 600 170, 007 32,200 12, 207 1,000 3,000 $867, 822 9,900 36, 312 662, 617 47,900 76,064 74,008 48, 197 13, 824 $2, 920, 429 30, 360 106, 406 2,346.614 61,720 14a 830 105, 050 106, 266 33, 187 2 4 107 7 3,173 230 2,020 408 126 157 88 108 Group 5.— BOOT AND SHOE UPPERS. (See also Boot and shoe flndlng;s; Boots and shoes; and special report on Boots and shoes.) United States.. Maryland Massachusetts Missouri New York Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states » 75 $281,0 14,000 6,115 47, 437 68,202 45, 634 15, 300 ! $36,090 $37, 800 $35,926 $171,280 17 67! I 200 4,000 2,300 7,600 3 6 1 15 75 3,160 2,865 1 25 500 1,000 5,547 40, 390 1 1 i! 12,000 4,600 8,905 42,797 2 2 10,000 13,900 2,150 19,584 ! 6,975 7,889 9,326 48,819 3 12 13,375 14,325 20 Group 5.— BOOTS AND SHOES. (See also special report on Boots and s boes.) 1 United States 1,316 $122,626,093 $2,672,107 $8,690,331 $18,964,510 $92,299,145 1,116 62,587 21 9 7 44 4 5 9 10 60 14 602 23 17 34 3 60 51 188 7 62 3 119 4 6 4 3 6 6 63 4 1, 139, 450 685, 341 95, 361 3,656,671 306,309 419, 280 756, 468 351,948 4; 460, 939 430, 620 49, 629, 728 1,702,398 2,432,366 8,242,304 140,700 7,931,070 3,038,877 14,106,058 86, 220 10,230,015 33,756 7, 197, 959 173,766 56, 082 130,863 618,383 976, 482 182, 511 3,677,619 47,620 64,065 1,900 1,050 160,900 4, .500 1,900 35, 500 28,600 62,870 32,085 9,740 3,000 476, 425 25,206 165, 672 61,634 68, 775 311,300 21,000 2,712,402 186, 176 9,250 1,192,591 3,000 396. 183 288,266 819, 196 3, s:!0 774, 7SS 2,397 661. 184 16,998 3,600 39,600 21,121 67, 000 9,000 311,914 8,000 264, 643 80,480 27, 528 732,884 30,673 71,516 124, 158 94, 176 623, 396 130, 191 6,811,412 267,720 409,362 1,220,824 46, 100 816,775 684,059 2,446,143 12,000 1, 891, 204 10, 080 1,340,856 47, 567 12,710 24, 500 46,971 154, 104 12,000 611,810 19, 170 778,667 493,221 63, 783 2,286,462 246,031 190, 192 535,276 160,498 3,553,373 279, 329 39,285,299 1,102,993 2,012,853 6,681,389 90,400 6,604,037 1,999,402 10,672,699 65,616 7,259,719 20,779 4,997,316 107, 698 36,872 47, 763 448,291 746, 378 159, 161 2, 657,. 100 17,450 13 9 6 35 4 6 8 7 41 12 437 18 13 34 2 48 39 147 5 60 2 99 4 3 3 3 6 3 47 4 241 238 61 2,062 133 263 294 169 2,744 176 20,597 696 1,033 7,371 86 4,816 1,435 5,952 70 7,431 15 3,265 200 15 500 71 734 31 1,886 23 ^ fi Illinois fi 7 10 11 12 1? 720,615 145, 510 900 247,600 1,200 115, 075 67, 160 268, 820 4,775 304,304 600 198,606 1,503 3,000 19, 100 2,000 9,000 1,750 86, 625 3,000 14 16 17 10 New York ?1 OMo ?'> 24 26 Utali 27 28 30 31 All other states ^ Group 14.— BOOTS AND SHOES, RUBBER • 22 $39, 441, 826 $1,443,055 $4,000,377 $4, 128, 662 $29,869,842 22 27,236 5 7 10 9,632,042 14, 844, ,588 15,066,196 3.32,009 462, 622 648, 624 972, 791 i,.3m.r.2i 1, 628, 062 1,370,463 1,321,959 1,436,130 6,866,776 11,660,586 11,352,480 6 7 10 7,638 8,988 10,610 \ All other states ^ 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 1; Illinois, 2; Maryland, 2; Missouri, 2; Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 2. > Includes estaljlishments distributed as follows : Connecticut, 2; Indiana, 1; Iowa, 1; Ohio, 2; Pennsylvania, 2; Virginia, 1: Wisconsin, 2. •Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 2; Colorado, 1; Connecticut, 1; Georgia, 2; Illinois, 2; Kentucky, 2; Louisiana, 2; MicTiigan, 2; Minnesota, 1; Ohio, 2; Texas, 1; Washington, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 103 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued. Group 5.— BOOT AND SHOl? CUT STOCK. (See also Boot and Hlioe flndlngK; Boots and shoes; and Kppiial report on Boots and slioes.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. OIIKUl. WAGE-EARNERS. Aggregate. OfQcers of corporation.s. General superliitcndcTiLs, managers. 3lerlcs, etc Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing tlie year. Least Total. Numlrer. Men. Salaries. W employed at any one time dur- Nuraljer. Salaries. Number. Salaries. SS4,605 Number. Salaries. 1347, 882 Number. Salaries. ing tlie year. 362 417 .S432.3S7 39 378 298 S310, 336 80 $37, 640 7,388 4, 7.SS 3 296 8 3 32 3 10 7 5 289 9 5 65 15 2 37 2,500 301,002 10, 160 3,630 56, 672 18,706 2,310 37, 407 6 267 9 4 50 9 2 32 2,500 247,337 10, 160 2,690 48,072 7,206 2,310 27,707 5 202 6 3 45 9 2 2(1 2,500 216, 504 8,900 2,200 40,028 7,206 2,310 24, 688 33 5,416 312 81 678 212 101 056 ^ 22 53,665 65 3 1 6 30,833 1,260 390 2,044 3,438 168 1 5 6 1,040 8,600 11,500 56 407 123 5 9,700 6 3,019 499 Group 5i— BOOT AND SHOK FINDINGS. (See also Boot and sltoe cut stock; Boots and shoes; and special rex>ort on Boots and slioes.) 253 276 $263,062 ' 38 555,501 238 S207,561 165 $173,033 73 $34,528 5,340 3,302 1 3 i 14 4,900 1 2 11,058 1 4 189,525 '\ 20 4,050 , 1 22.729 ! 4 13.658 3,400 2,700 32,081 1,200 8,080 2 10 187 3 11 16 4 5 1,500 8,368 167, 444 2,860 14,649 13,668 4,420 4,682 1 10 125 3 10 11 2 3 1,000 8,368 128,876 2,850 14,077 11, 104 3,320 3,448 1 500 78 223 3,869 174 61 123 2,462 141 2 3 191 9 10 28 4 8 207 4 15 16 4 12 62 28,568 4 5 1 5 2 2 572 2,554 1, 100 1,234 308 1 227 433 i 243 6 7 4.420 .. . 161 48 a 12,722 i 7 ,8,040 104 57 9 Group 5.— BOOT AND SHOE UPPEKS. (See also Boot and slioe tindin@;s; Boots and shoes; and special report on Boots and shoc^.) 89 14 Sfl.774 j'l 3 $3,700 11 $6,074 11 $6,074 270 189 1 6 7 2 35 8 6 25 1 30 30 33 22 42 19 7 36 ? 2 4 3 1 2 2 1,102 2 2 3 1 1 2 1,102 1,500 1,240 624 308 1,300 2 2 3 1 1 2 1,102 1,500 1,240 624 308 1,300 60 24 52 3 4,000 1' 1,240 2 2,600 4 5 624 21 43 40 6 1,508 1 1,300 ' 1 1,200 7 a Group 5 BOOTS AND SHOES. 56 11 11 32 1 15 39 14 197 11 45 177 8,8U 10 287 23 , 20 53 37 I 352 ! 55 3,400 178 215 ' 498 233 992 9 497 16 24 63 12 256 88. 706, 682 61,378 52, 185 9,380 322, 626 19,833 18, 459 46, 996 31, 149 368, 696 43,852 3,245,029 189, 764 188, 365 564, 442 6,400 449, 312 266, 789 960,076 6,400 991,049 683 482, 122 19,264 2,760 23, 375 81,194 11,260 254, 252 1,275 174 15 10 38 2 21 35 84 2 $1,723,773. 12, 880 13, 440 1,200 96, 970 6,600 780 22, 600 6,000 94, 630 11, 600 481,247 36, 300 21,110 87,386 3,000 66, 2,50 87,096 199, 902 1,500 264, 421 110,812 8,500 19, 200 1,000 70,350 ,128 40 9 259 19 19 41 35 313 47 3,226 163 206 448 3 477 198 908 7 900 (See also special report on Boots and shoes.) $6,982,909 448 12 24 56 11 211 3 38,745 8,180 225, 656 13, 233 17, 679 24, 396 26, 149 274,066 32, 252 2, 763, 782 153, 464 167, 255 477,067 3,400 383,062 178, 693 760, 174 4,900 726, 628 5,613 371,310 10,764 2,760 23, 375 61,994 10, 260 183,902 1,275 33 30 9 171 13 18 31 29 231 37 2,035 116 130 376 2 366 144 615 6 617 S.5,850,363 2,515 362 9 18 45 9 165 3 33, 600 32,973 8,180 184, 606 11,133 17,079 20, 588 24, 670 241, 122 29, 058 2, 205, 843 134, 102 143, 1127 435, 961 2,500 329, 868 155, 938 630, 890 4,600 605, 087 334, 861 9,762 2,760 20, 339 56, 208 9,300 164, 443 1,275 1 10 . 6 82 10 1,191 47 75 72 1 121 54 293 1 283 .51,132,646 4,898 5,772 41,050 2,100 600 3,808 1,479 32, 944 3,194 557, 939 19, 362 23,628 41,096 900 53, 194 22, 755 129, 284 300 121, 541 174, 650 125,001 36, 449 1,012 3,036 5,786 960 19, 459 819 679 249 4,891 296 650 861 474 7,001 735 74,191 I 2,000 1,930 11,903 168 12,226 4,483 19,086 107 15,374 27 9,968 248 46 117 1,943 137 3,901 72 638 237 ■ 239 2,790 254 386 i 7 633 8 364 , 9 4,539 , 10 634 11 50,778 : 12 1, 607 13 1, 401 14 8, 767 125 16 8, 651 17 3, 802 IS 14,087 19 84 I 20 12,268 ! 21 23 I 22 7,977 23 207 24 42 108 1,576 27 28 29 2,682 i 30 26 I 31 Group 14 BOOTS AND SHOES, BUBBEIS. 1 822 $874,001 49 8186,096 773 $687,905 674 $598, 108 199 SS9, 797 20,789 15,033 1 1 172 296 356 199, 130 287,002 387,869 13 15 21 42,003 61,873 82,220 169 280 334 157, 127 225, 129 305,649 128 209 237 140, 237 196, 263 261,608 31 71 97 16,890 28,866 44,041 5,279 8,320 7,190 2,764 6,915 5,364 2 2 3 4 ■I Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 1; Delaware, 1; Indian Territory, 1; Rhode Island, 1. , „^ ^ ., , ^ , 5 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Indiana, 1; Michigan, 1; Missouri, 1; New Jersey, 2; Pennsylvania, 1; Rhode Island, 4. 104 MANUFACTURES. Table 5,— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 5.— BOOT AiVU SHOE: CUT STOCK— Continued. STATE OR TERRITORY. United States Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania , All other states WAGE-EARNERS AND "WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 5,936 $2,364,209 4,010 81,872,245 1,706 $451,805 220 $40, 169 $904,950 $160,966 $31,982 12 ! 4,636 4,408 1 1,830,867 178 1 69,645 71 , 20,337 505 1 177,502 135 1 49,677 93 24. 632 7 3,088 110 30 306 111 60 299 . 3,836 1,471,606 43,772 12,560 139, 728 43,886 19,292 137,666 5 1,181 60 36 194 18 33 189 700 332,437 13,873 6,940 36,239 4,764 5,240 61,622 9,111 632, 694 13,733 5,518 140,984 28, 435 7,612 66,863 2,000 112,903 703 396 30,467 2,695 1,440 10,472 156 24,296 62 162 2,343 536 1,162 3,277 139 18 6 6 6 26,924 2,000 837 1,636 937 534 197,213 46 7,926 Group 5 BOOX ANI> SHOE FINDINGS— Continued. United States , 4,206 IlUnois ! 73 Maine. 1 163 Massachusetts i 3,062 New Hampshire I 161 New Jersey 261 NewYork 314 Rhode Island I 109 All other states ' 73 $1,545,176 27,488 46, 320 ,161,706 56,987 90, 472 91,583 44,986 25, 634 2,402 ! $1,067,326 13 10,608 97 33,218 846 824,091 86 40,047 126 68,236 136 49,422 56 33,299 44 18,406 1,679 45 65 1,158 96 175 48 26 $463, 586 13,880 13, 071 324,888 16, 940 26,568 41,711 10, 960 6,678 126 $24,263 3,000 31 12,726 460 737 660 $475, 021 9,563 18, 070 376,070 5,026 18,253 20, 618 9,443 17,988 $81,489 124 960 62,614 200 3,972 6,869 3,880 2,890 $21,011 17,856 602 813 183 140 328 Group 5.— BOOT AND SHOE! UPPEKS— Continued. United States 2 Maryland 3 Massachusetts 4 Missouri 5 NewYork 6 Pennsylvania 7 Wisconsin 8 All other states 228 $102,702 169 $76,688 67 $26,730 2 $384 $29,126 $14,062 $1,738 30 46 23 43 19 32 36 11,427 22,027 13,. 524 21,2?3 8,496 7,738 18,217 26 21 15 35 14 18 30 9,971 9,291 10, 600 17,989 6,843 5,647 16,247 4 24 7 8 4 14 6 1,456 12,736 2,724 3,284 1,469 2,091 1,970 1,857 1,581 2,267 11,221 1,616 2,023 8,560 784 925 1,831 6,797 444 895 2,376 73 34 436 100 406 213 476 1 200 1 184 Group 5 — BOOTS AND SHOES— Continued. 1 United States 149,924' $69,059,680 95,257 I $50,394,644 2 ! CaUiornia. .. 3 , Connecticut. 4 Geor^a 6 Illinois 6 ; Indiana 7 Iowa 8 Kentucky. 9 ' Louisiana. 10 Mainn Maryland . 11 Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota. . . . Missouri Nebraska New Eampshire. New .Jersey New York North Carolina. . Ohio Oregon.. J Penhs.vlvania. . . . Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont "^^irginia ■ Washington Wisconsin All other states . 700 489 239 :i,fil7 226 478 669 370 6,776 651 62,633 1,723 1,714 10,428 121 10,416 4,192 16, 656 89 13, 890 26 8,878 226 43 109 225 1,738 106 3,226 54 384, 504 204,013 66,515 1,865,319 70,610 186,663 200, 121 136,786 2,622,519 235, .572 33,160,667 681,362 718,600 4,335,005 50,234 4,377,361 1,7.53,924 7,582,896 24,679 5,222,723 17,262 3,2.30,443 78, 319 21,722 46,601 98, 417 369, 138 46, 978 1,247,765 23, 972 516 282 184 2,461 146 250 357 307 3,942 406 41,386 974 1,104 6,982 6,921 2,580 10, 543 60 7,747 24 5,247 136 38 72 126 1,332 78 1,949 37 311,849 133, 260 66, 766 1,344,334 52,000 112,767 134,917 121,127 1,962,332 166,119 24,700,436 491,479 660,941 2,865,577 35,812 3,152,517 1,297,567 5, 588, 685 20,293 3,552,857 16, 482 2,302,666 56, 690 20,174 37,358 64,236 299,892 33,398 896, 744 20,380 49,535 $17,681,763 170 187 35 1,309 71 200 251 62 1,791 226 20, 139 573 699 3,485 41 3,379 1,388 5,678 26 5,316 1 2,978 ■ 60 3 32 99 342 28 ' 991 16 70,110 68,029 6,750 502,821 17,065 68, 492 58,^2 15, 479 661,576 66,987 8.219,513 158,671 165, 901 1,2.34,964 14, 422 1,204,935 413,518 1,941,543 4,000 1,521,091 780 832, 164 16, 506 1,248 8,583 34, 181 60, 692 8,680 301,413 3,517 6,132 14 20 20 127 9 28 51 1 42 19 1,108 176 11 961 116 224 335 663 29 2 5 2,545 2,724 3,000 18, 164 1,545 4,404 6,972 180 8,611 2,406 240,718 31,212 1,758 234,464 19,899 42,839 52, 668 386 148,775 95,623 5,123 300 660 49, 608 76 $1.9,293,634 i $1,147,769 65,396 131,175 10,806 580,076 40, 136 50,136 218,998 29, 464 628, 101 68, 101 8,340,835 370,011 382,056 967,167 12,773 702,798 641,174 2, 256, 646 9,354 2,277,107 6,363 1,014,272 53, 980 7,243 2,304 46,482 72,604 28, 396 474, 472 6,320 443, 512 23,358 41,281 46, 664 2,650 51,640 19,284 211, ''■88 840 116,362 1,644 48, 460 1,825 1,403 30 1,200 2,948 4,366 28,840 2,197 Group 11.— BOOTS AND SHOES, RUBBER- United States. fVinncclieiit . . . Massjiohil.si'tts. All nthrr st;ili'> 18,991 4,706 7,674 0,011 .38,866,800 2,430,926 3.7.54.001 2,681.879 10,985 2,642 4,270 4,073 .S5, 752, 526 1,568,230 2,2f)2,149 1,892,167 7,450 1,928 3,242 2,280 $3,001,309 830, 170 1,424,496 746,644 -Continued. 5.51' 136 162 268 $112,961 32, 526 37,357 43,078 $425,826 15, 635 4,152 6,296 1,612 3,088 1,014 38, 120 11,574 120 1,685 900 1,184 2,396 1,366 3,876 350 17,093 16, 667 10, .364 2,496 203,268 13, 646 9,932 17, 863 911 16,740 7,072 28, 858 408 57,342 222 7,966 736 190 900 568 4,085 590 12, 348 204 .S3, 216, 373 $10,875 $163,715 766, 746 1,387,049 1,061,678 10,000 210 666 42,931 86,097 26,687 GENERAL TABLES. 105 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 5 — BOOT AND SH01<: CUT STOCK— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— COnt'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purciiased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). $706,366 S5,C36 521,586,872 S-'l, 388,318 $21,388,318 $37,510 $40,727 $7,688 $112,729 $27,1)75,815 1 3,306 494,810 12,678 4,960 107,184 26,304 5,010 53, 114 3,li.i0 39.3Gr> iKi; 16.S61.52S 38,660 16,707,991 142,157 68,836 2,321,438 425,728 184,271 1,499,238 38,660 16,707,991 142,167 68,835 2,321,438 425,728 184,271 1,499,238 482 23,331 1,024 1,042 6,828 518 453 3,832 72 33,896 120 161 4,160 435 98 1,434 226 131 953 92,i56' 1,852 1,612 11,058 262' 5,795 72,828 21,. 567, 092 251,682 117,472 2,870,724 578,873 238,782 1,978,362 n 300 145,5S,S 71.3S7 2,344,219 ' 427,232 185,393 1,611,960 ^ 1,000 3,461 760 276 2,142 p, Q Group 5 BOOT AND SHOE! FINDINGS— Continued. $292,091 $80,430 $6,047,356 $6,935,512 $79,902 $5,855,610 $29,835 $30,786 $7,943 $43,280 $9,355,020 1 9,225 16,235 220,485 4,224 12,453 9,276 5,423 14,770 40,458 93,539 5,240,381 71,471 283,496 ! 170,002 60,730 j 87,279 39,389 83,673 5,161,600 66, 180 276, 400 164,420 58,798 85,052 300 13, 487 39,089 70, 186 5,161,600 51,870 226, 166 162,860 58,798 85,052 986 2,163 17,063 82 160 23.726 2 6,856 33,370 1,278 728 1,026 26" 86,850 183,630 7,754,142 156,877 493,096 350,676 176,154 154,797 9 697 4,622 892 868 560 192 112 3 75,115 4 14,310 50,245 1,660 2,941 ' 180 5 1,015 4,300 1,910 1,792 1,320 1,661 3,690 2,204 420 434 6 7 8 q Group 5.— BOOT ANV' LHOE UPPEKS— Continued. $11,936 $1,400 i $290,454 $285,645 $285,646 $880 $1,647 $165 $2,117 $549,867 1 700 622 30O i 10,509 16,610 23,160 93,098 20,464 41,168 86,545 10,324 14,630 22,433 92,669 20,343 40,660 84,796 10,324 14,530 22,433 92,559 20,. 343 40,660 84,796 62 118 108 240 420 90 31 255 503 25 45 35 13 577' 272 158 10 156 944 29,042 66,968 47,391 162,720 37,600 59,036 147,111 ? 3 4 3,224 766 915 5,708 1,100 278 80 75 277 5 fi 22 25 7 ■8 1 Group 5.— BOOTS AND SHOES— Continued. $16,248,069 $1,471,980 $197,363,495 $194,048,962 $194,648,962 $799,982 $410,992 $291,243 $1,212,316 $320,107,458 T 45,609 75,807 6,704 530,382 38,330 48,051 111,633 25,238 488,859 55,251 6,836,805 332,658 278,546 623,936 9,212 632,703 480,400 1,979,419 8,106 2,099,803 4,497 967,002 23,877 5,650 1,374 22,993 65,571 23,450 433,284 3,919 961,169 787,774 264,710 5,666,109 299,612 521,590 1,360,487 377,716 8,301,861 635,276 88,493,009 2,016,058 2,631,689 14,930,005 161,496 15,529,993 3,841,929 19,792,932 116, 5"1 14,667,615 25,934 8,701,463 639,664 38,561 111,883 411,127 1,916,038 121,403 4,220,098 40,873 950,889 772,866 255, 147 5,558,426 293,304 607,934 1,340,013 365,069 950,889 772,866 255,147 5,558, 4?5 293,304 507,934 1,340,013 365,069 8,177,915 527,054 87,566,562 1,978,839 2,581,945 14,699,348 155,202 15,302,856 3,799,692 19,473,487 113,053 14,331,0.59 24,722 8,664,727 617,227 37,984 105,073 395, 186 1,868,522 120,063 4,136,239 38,560 2,991 6,196 2,150 36,093 2,830 3,998 1,394 1,083 43,814 3,813 282,919 6,446 14,082 67,786 644 79,303 24,376 91,690 999 69,118 4,166 2,980 499 11,324 579 528 2,6U) 4,200 16,432 2,232 194,421 6,440 9,312 15,135 2,800 12,061 2,733 66,025 2,296 1,622 852 9,399 2,060 1,287 4,1.30 1,589 20,319 949 71,841 8,591 7,523 33,252 100 12,428 4,233 43,513 144 16,616 160 19,692 3,603 82 136 4,375 13,944 10 6,426 72 827 4,110 6,062 40,868 839 7,843 12,340 5,775 43,381 1,228 387,;;66 15,742 18,827 124,484 2,750 123,345 10,895 119,217 2,325 132,146 512 67,286 12,984 260 4,607 8,466 24,073 325 43,283 250 1,677,668 1,279,755 372,983 9,026,238 459,700 853,990 . 1,929,939 620,014 12,351,293 1,011,393 • 144,291,426 3,531,028 4,169,732 23,493,552 263,450 22,425,700 6,977,300 34,137,049 185,635 25,140,220 64,601 14,607,867 836,955 91,030 9. 47,161 3 4 5 6 7 103,603 8 9 3,492 8,177,916 527,054 87,556,562 1,978,839 2,681,945 14,699,348 155,202 15,302,856 3,799,692 19,473,487 113,053 14,331,059 24,722 8,564,727 617,227 37,984 105,073 395,186 1,868,5 '^ 10 11 85?, 250 450 £2,297 278,694 12 13 14 15 16 1,715 34,418 36,881 17 18 19 20 3,600 18,576 640 18,956 4,510 236 390 2,900 21 22 845 27,543 40,802 1,340 23 24 26 1,678 200 8,499 90 24,587 1,061 196,211 , 26 20,731 675,772 27 2,627,244 28 120, 0L3 4,136,239 38,560 916 9,563 930 226,738 ! 29 6,513,563 : 30 80,412 1 31 — Group 14.— BOOTS AND SHOES, RUBBEK— Continued. $3,045,651 $5,132 ! $32,000,464 713,815 1,296,610 1,035,226 5, 1.32 8,307,686 13,178,270 10,614,508 $31,342,716 8,159,593 12,950,051 10,233,071 $19,556,434 6,405,103 8,806,194 6,346,137 $11,786,281 2,754,490 4,143,857 4,887,934 $485,312 125, 153 181,833 178,326 $10,843 $59,240 750 10,093 7,656 32,916 18,668 $102,354 15,284 12,720 74,350 12,829,346 39,034,549 18,201,401 106 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 4 BOXES, CIGAR. STATE OR TEEEITOKY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 297 $4,467,462 S232,824 $630,993 81,069,094 S2, 624, 541 263 5,644 ■) 6 3 4 4 17 7 10 3 8 6 17 6 6 6 57 30 88 6 13 56, 100 26, 227 24,754 90, 147 252, 712 62,900 85, 236 15, 110 76,350 247, 362 162,792 31,152 211,887 91,574 1, 134, 254 399, 460 1, 193, 662 244, 982 61,791 7,000 3,000 2,600 12, 515 18,682 15, 500 6,660 2,000 13, 150 20,000 20, 644 2,600 6,900 31,415 164,808 49, 163 215, 441 39, 725 10, 300 14,800 4,900 11,973 20,531 51,582 13,700 15,586 5,350 10,750 64,042 49,483 7,750 65, 698 22,580 310,397 75, 070 267, 605 48, 527 28,770 33, 300 15, 527 9,681 44,601 169, 448 18,800 59, 400 7,260 48,050 134, 570 83,315 16,902 148, 189 30,079 646, 983 267, 232 667,686 128, 197 16,321 6 3 4 4 15 7 10 3 6 6 17 5 6 5 43 27 82 6 10 387 11 39 152 183 86 127 17 55 71 230 20 75 127 1,398 581 1,754 214 118 3 2,800 600 12,500 13,000 4,900 3,600 500 4,400 28, 750 9,350 4,000 2,100 7,500 22, 066 17,995 62,930 28, 533 7,400 4 5 fi Illinois 7 s 9 10 11 Massachusetts T' n 14 16 16 New York 17 Ohio IS Pennsylvania . 19 'n Group 6.— BOXES, FANCY AND PAPER. (See also Fancy articles, not elsewhere specitied.) 1 United States 796 $22, 690, 766 $1,088,864 $2,409,769 $7,562,336 $11,639,797 661 16,036 16 3 37 4 60 11 7 4 9 16 . 88 22 6 17 12 36 260 3 42 3 98 8 6 8 4 12 15 420, 184 41,099 1,836,850 114,016 2,101,939 400,804 65, 726 42,450 144,900 519, 140 2,094,811 671, 152 342, 221 575, 435 125, 386 731, 586 6,893,715 28,050 1,596,963 35,863 2, 388, 001 176, 600 83, 524 222, 514 29, 191 475, 867 532, 779 5,300 13,283 113,303 24, 610 717, 166 41,740 945, 161 116,930 32, 776 16,760 35,200 186, 241 693, 023 183,216 112, 232 206,763 41, 545 232, 718 2,057,602 11,800 463,364 16,294 933, 723 57,331 38,310 97, 156 14,684 139, 405 123, 414 288,298 16, 589 894,230 68,040 1,012,128 148.885 13,950 25,700 79,356 208,385 1, 115, 594 290,974 216,989 264, 882 71,046 323,868 3,884,663 7,860 869,386 19,669 1,102,280 93.844 45,214 90,368 14,607 187.933 295.279 14 1 33 4 44 11 7 3 9 13 79 18 4 15 12 30 187 3 39 3 83 8 5 7 3 . 12 14 105 6 1,177 36 2,925 309 73 24 130 219 2,001 558 87 462 163 590 3,904 30 842 15 1,678 81 75 127 9 357 164 ^ 4 ,15,300 104 59, 668 33,300 2,000 170, 164 4,132 85,082 101,689 17,000 1 ft Illinois 7 8 9 10 8,584 30,350 91,768 78, 197 3,000 27,800 4,198 62, 100 354,266 2,050 64,064 21,760 94, 164 294,426 118,766 10, 000 76,000 8,597 112,900 597, 184 6,360 220, 159 11 Maryland I"* 13 14 15 16 17 IS New York 19 •'0 Ohio ''1 •J? 130, 450 5,500 221,548 19,925 ■>3 Rhode Island ">'! Tennessee •"; 10,000 26,000 ''6 Washington 27 37,626 33, 460 111,004 80, 636 •'8 All other states 2 , 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 1; District of Columbia, 1; Louisiana, 2; New Hampshire, 1; Oregon, l; Utah, 1; Vermont, l; Vir- ginia, 2, Washington, 2; West Virginia, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 107 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 4.— BOXES, CIGAR. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNERS. Aggregate. Officers 3 2,600 4 9,820 30,159 3,020 2,300 2,800 1,250 3 8 4,000 11,400 21 6 1 2 1 11 11 1 19 4 110 25 72 22 1 5,820 18,759 3,020 300 2,800 1,250 9,268 8,022 780 14,028 2,340 105,261 16,716 46,073 11,897 75 6 17 2 1 1 1 6 10 1 11 2 98 22 52 19 1 5,820 16,629 1,600 300 1,400 1,250 6,616 7,422 780 9,888 1,560 98,665 15,428 38,045 10,861 76 S 4 4 2,130 1,420 6 7 2 2,UU0 8 1 1,400 9 10 9, 2tN 5 ■ 1 2,652 600 11 12, 874 780 26, 146 4,610 132,261 21,216 47,509 17,697 2,075 6 4,852 12 13 6 2 5 3 7 2 3 12,118 2, 270 27,000 4,500 2,436 5,800 2,000 8' 2 12 3 20 3 4,140 780 6,696 1,288 7,028 1,046 14 15 16 \l 19 'O Group 6.— BOXES, FANOV AND PAPER. (See also Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified.) 41 296 4 41 4 118 10 3 2,326 33 5 130 23 211 32 11 9 10 65 234 48 22 63 10 60 814 4 158 4 219 22 11 29 3 42 54 ,313,309 36,394 7,000 168,003 19,530 240,656 29,129 9,300 7,090 9,146 24, 818 227, 328 54,092 32,356 64, 736 7,095 53, 950 818. 097 2,580 155, 520 4, .383 198, 8.33 18,862 27,894 4,040 31,821 61,620 373 S676, 5S3 2 2 7 39 3,600 3,000 60,556 8,980 76, 320 11 3 13,300 3, 120 5 4 5,570 2,592 32 9 6 24 3 46, 245 22,000 18,660 34, 885 50 8 89 3^ 17,230 189,658 1,200 60,124 24 2 3 50, 760 2,500 3,840 7 2 9 10 11,200 3,000 14, 100 25,213 1,963 $1,636,726 31 3 16 172 9 5 61 202 39 16 .52 725 2 122 4 195 20 32, 794 4,000 97, 447 10, 650 164, 336 15,829 6,180 7,090 3,576 22, 226 182, 083 32,092 13,806 29,851 7,045 36; 720 628, 439 1,380 96, 396 4,383 148,083 16, 362 5,196 16, 694 1,040 17,721 36, 407 1,391 26 3 76 13 120 16 6 140 25 9 32 37 511 2 85 3 136 12 6 14 1 27 33 $1,377,912 29,842 4,000 86, 418 9,430 133, 182 13, 597 5,480 7,090 2,640 17, 192 149,934 25,903 9,818 26, 591 7,046 29,897 633,025 1,380 80,083 3,783 123, 331 11,784 4,560 14, 409 1,040 15, .376 31,082 $258, 814 2,952 11,029 1,120 31, 154 2,232 700 2 936 22 5,034 62 32, 149 14 6,189 7 3,988 7 3,260 15 6,823 214 96, 414 37 15,313 1 59 8 2 600 24, 752 4,578 636 8 2,285 6 11 2,345 5,325 41,904 672 58 2,281 217 3,114 488 103 112 267 685 3,592 1,014 363 1,103 229 6,508 12, 113 48 1,996 59 4.562 473 245 593 69 560 480 27,614 3,772 404 168 519 32 407 341 342 36 1,872 140 2,309 355 91 I 9 147 I 10 479 i 11 2,468 I 12 670 I 13 277 ! 14 702 I 15 181 j 16 1,201 I 17 9,269 18 34 19 1,290 ' 20 33 i 21 ^Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 1; Delaware, Texas, 2; Utah, 1; Vermont, 1; West Virginia, 2. 1; District of Columbia, 1; Kansas, 2; Kentucky, 1; Nebraska, 2; Oklahoma, 1: 108 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 4.— BOXES, CIGAK— Contmned. STATE OK TEREITOEY. United States California Colorado Connecticut Florida Illinois .- Indiana Iowa Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio ■.... Pennsylvania ....._ Wisconsin All other states WAGE-EARNEES AND WAGES. Average number. 6,282 96 21 32 229 416 58 114 35 116 141 300 60 370 153 1,811 1,585 193 72 Wages. J2, 120, 468 46,974 9,476 12,008 88; 193 150,703 20,468 34,296 9,074 38, 411 63,299 91,708 19,475 104,908 42,462 764,243 135,967 427,991 48,480 22,332 Men 16 years and over. Average number. 11 116 173 23 37 9 46 67 123 20 96 59 986 678 60 34 Wages. 81,241,171 34,460 4,474 6,928 67,824 85,684 10,407 15,526 3,672 21,697 36,551 47,643 9,489 40,904 22,330 501,631 72,018 238,858 20,398 12,887 Women 16 years .and over. Average number. 27 12 20 110 225 34 71 24 175 40 204 57 778 2S7 793 114 38 Wages. $821,577 10,444 4,690 5,844 30,044 01,436 9,869 17,684 6,109 16,157 27,748 43,465 9,986 63,362 12,728 244,561 63, 102 169,871 26,042 9,446 Children under 16 years. Average number. 340 7 114 19 Wages. 857,720 2,080 312 236 325 3,583 192 1,086 393 657 10,642 7,404 8,061 847 19,262 2,040 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. $460,644 9,171 1,630 2,045 13,273 44, 120 3,888 8,881 1,012 4,552 9,613 10,621 4,518 16,906 8,165 163,714 40,885 91,070 22,641 4,139 Rent of works. $112,506 4,200 312 750 1,310 16,069 1,236 1,106 336 640 2,036 2,841 1,796 5,832 400 54,473 7,698 10.467 '480 1,635 Taxes, not including internal revenue. $17,439 621 365 127 684 1,090 433 456 39 506 1,291 1,316 154 297 367 2,982 2,426 2,944 1,166 288 Group 6.— BOXES, FANCY AND PAPER— Continued, United States California Colorado Connecticut Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire . . . New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Virginia Washington Wisconsin All other states 32,082 433 42 2,032 172 2,700 412 96 100 222 502 3,026 836 320 847 202 1,334 10,711 41 1,743 45 4,179 437 187 549 44 490 380 $10,207,827 151,669 20,044 763,646 35,966 963,782 110,209 20,476 26,038 70,416 131,993 1,069,338 230, 140 119,364 239,933 69,398 397,311 3,584,261 8,684 474,702 14,987 1,212,606 106,046 46,219 103,736 13,611 128,317 116,146 112 13 798 40 104 16 24 49 106 836 220 118 174 50 364 15 1,057 106 71 64 4 111 122 $4,614,229 67,473 8,836 424,682 13,516 476,366 49,256 6,804 8,148 23,989 47, 160 433,787 101,732 64,840 80,324 21,367 168,038 1,745,347 4,703 199,301 7,458 461,817 39,241 23, 162 29,689 2,652 45,713 68,938 20,627 312 29 1,119 116 1,683 273 79 74 168 365 2,059 636 199 566 151 921 6,763 17 1,173 29 2,567 320 116 478 40 230 245 $5,293,1 82,396 11,208 323,607 20,410 437,871 65,743 13,549 16,600 46,437 80,936 598,033 117,008 54,178 144,970 47,931 221,739 1,797,453 3,278 2.58,730 7,329 669,262 64,671 23,057 73,441 10,959 58,766 56,336 115 17 271 35 1 2 5 31 131 80 3 107 1 49 258 6 122 1 655 12 149 13 $299,901 1,800 15,3.57 2,040 39,545 5,210 123 390 990 3,907 27,518 11,400 336 14,639 100 7,534 41,461 703 16,671 200 81,426 2,234 $3,114,468 23,839 1,872 34,946 3,968 160,077 20,121 467,494 18,312 7,575 4,220 7,593 69,712 247,108 87,568 47,371 47,388 , 12,414 102,081 1,158,663 1,649 176,969 3,991 301,578 22, 176 8,601 22,621 4,536 30,877' 65,060 $807,768 19,380 1,980 26,911 3,102 96,221 870 2,288 2,220 2,690 11,500 61,318 7,396 8,450 17,880 3,008 20,425 300,991 $94,318 40,779 2,220 92,167 7,464 3,640 3,745 1,656 3,3S7 ; 6,010 1,467 235 6,428 808 9,054 2,623 502 33 992 3,2S0 16,634 4,559 1,600 3,402 749 3,199 17,676 230 7,295 224 5,240 462 317 891 80 2,664 3,785 GENERAL TABLES. 109 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued. Group 4. -BOXES, CI«.\U— Cnntinued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. .\ggregatc. Principal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. $50,816 Total. S3, 001,339 Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured fonn (includ- ing " all other materials"). $330,394 j S305 $3,809,961 $294,616 $3,366,823 $59,092 $25,961 $12,753 $7,786,286 1 4,450 52,777 23,168 23,093 80,010 251,506 39,953 63,860 19,991 67,586 72,336 132,087 40,277 193,185 65,066 1,107,286 373,941 1,023,411 131,337 42,491 50,890 22,235 22,217 83,343 243,336 37,849 57,888 19,413 65,682 69,696 122,687 39,080 184,818 69,797 1,076,616 358,783 982,335 124, 102 40, 672 60,890 22,236 22,217 59,543 243,336 37,849 57,888 19,413 65,682 69,696 122,587 39,080 184,818 59,797 806, 191 358,783 982,044 124, 102 40,672 220 65 108 1,682 2,378 ■ 623 658 265 1,699 1,108 3,282 230 1,493 1,843 . 16,086 6,032 17,282 4,753 296 1,140 28(1 554 300 3,091 962 937 240 60 574 1,517 562 2,981 527 30 10 254 365 187 . 100 23 155 308 154 6 ' 203 240 3,626 1,103 3,623 1,695 155 135,585 41,550 47,488 260,644 576,086 81,465 145,887 35,131 133,688 226,115 291,439 78,870 385,364 117,421 2,344,407 668, 796 1,879,095 247,418 91,948 ? 963 568 204 1,031 2,346 332 4,277 60 3 1,168 11,279 27,961 2,219 4 23,800 6 6 7 7,321 8 li37 9 3 406 in ti,2Si; 650 4,547 400 3,690 3,186 3,809 6,609 18,341 465 311 11 6,305 12 2 5(S 13 10,777 14 7 3"^^ 12 15 100,247 30,762 270,425 7,i49 2,414 1,830 322 1,058 16 17 77,370 20,895 2.316 1 293 291 18 19 ^0 Group 6.— BOXES, FANCY AIVIJ PAPER— Continued. ■ .52,196,719 $15,673 $16,685,826 $16,069,264 $17,000 $16,062,264 $242,006 $141,247 $101,214 $132,095 $36,866,589 1 14,098 1,753 126,738 16,211 355,121 14,819 4,785 1,967 3,311 43,672 169,156 76,613 37,321 26,106 8,657 78,457 773,397 1 319 241,129 14,416 1,432,197 86,603 1,683,916 214,661 27,669 53,764 106,191 221,364 1,602,179 431,489 222,656 362,926 118,447 563,322 5, 561,, 544 18,674 1,071,723 31,288 1,676,413 119,803 104,378 105,042 18,968 214,130 391,045 226,941 226,941 14,200 1,386,302 80,382 1,696,174 206,341 25,733 51,545 102,541 214,6.59 1,533,. 565 418,279 218,448 349,551 115,045 534,548 5,368,791 16,251 1,049,163 30,543 1,608,073 115,035 101,703 86,780 16,163 201,580 383,928 196 75 20, 168 4,377 135 6,749 1,533 17,075 2,071 460 414 1,017 250 15,949 6,585 2,134 4,244 1,210 4,603 43,696 137 7,275 580 11,657 1,390 1,590 1,253 600 2,046 3,317 286 5 7,068 524 11,859 357 175 125 154 678 19,451 1,363 202 1,451 297 1,783 44,200 110 1,555 100 6,031 355 40 145 15 2,411 474 9,329 12^916' 4,064 23,134 1,592 364 1,200 169 524,068 14,200 1,386,302 80,382 1,596,174 206,341 25,733 51,545 102,541 214,669 1,. 533, 565 418,279 218,448 349,551 115,045 534,548 5,368,791 16,251 1,051,163 30,543 1,608,073 115,035 101,703 101,780 16,163 201, .580 383,928 57,990 i 3 2,768,381 1 4 184,622 ' 6 7,098 36,674 4,300 927 480 2,310 6,777 27,006 4,320 1,837 4,310 1,270 10,157 74,870 595 8,552 65 24, 144 2,311 1,045 1,598 90 7,471 2,458 3,686,234 6 407,220 ' 7 75,048 8 101,575 9 600 1,200 236,149 10 496,670 : 11 6,208 942 35 3,370 626 2,231 30,087 1,581 3,178 3,636,680 12 913,454 13 456,472 1 14 770,118 15 244,222 1,317,872 12,747,584 40,800 2,132,940 65,326 3,906,295 340,923 196,430 323,670 49,162 497,742 691,042 16 17 6,600 18 19 128,895 2,000 20 1,547 203,996 14,250 4,644 17,985 2,800 24,836 45,265 21 176 26,508 712 22 23 24 15,000 266 2,100 622 868 26 26 27 2» 110 MANUFACTUEES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 4.— BOXES, "WOODEN PACKIIVG. (See also liumber, planing mill products. Including sash, doors, and blinds.) STATE OE TEKRITOET. United States. Number of estab- lish- ments. Alabama Arkansas California. . . Colorado Connecticut. Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas..... Kentucky . Louisiana. Maine Maryland Massachusetts . Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire . New Jersey New York North Carolina . . Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania. .. Rhode Island . . . South Carolina. Tennessee. Tex8,s Vermont . . Virginia... Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states i . 1,023 11 52 28 11 4 9 10 26 41 120 46 16 25 46 17 183 18 71 ' 15 55 Total. 339,543,096 222, 103 128, 639 3,170,065 22, 639 80, 124 102, 658 258,695 605. 144 4,631,953 480, 964 263,830 257, 138 1,419,791 239, 156 724. 145 1,363,388 5, 133, 079 1,492,913 620,068 1,258,797 1,703,957 320, 154 5,335,015 209, 402 1, 479, 506 317, 355 2,092,838 293, 136 8,856 639, 105 174,094 339,226 724, 685 223, 070 48, 904 1,911,811 1, 346, 693 Land. $4, 278, 498 6,670 6,150 42, 707 1,400 4,675 4,840 4,365 34, 396 597, 120 33, 229 ■ 22,500 53, 500 182, 652 42, 300 80,125 119,960 579,505 116, 729 33, 780 185, 164 166, 575 42,416 853, 391 26, 423 170, 559 10, 800 274, 894 63,000 1,000 17, 785 10, 439 31,925 162, 460 39,525 225 262, 774 2,550 Buildings. 85,216,974 26, 400 16,826 173, 281 4,800 15, 800 8,370 21,978 94,062 703,973 70,632 39,085 32,500 206, 336 34,100 122, 749 180, 198 810, 038 162, 144 104,428 206, 628 222, 446 44, 627 767, 474 32,898 209, 748 20, 100 314, 304 47,220 1,050 63, 050 36, 144 50, 800 130, 841 25,523 4,360 175, 781 66, 500 Machinery, tools, and implements. S8, 438, 036 78,236 44, 000 444, 641 14,000 14,068 31,700 136, 659 165, 516 976, 170 134,511 60,994 55,000 269,007 60. 100 168, 040 332,953 997, 295 301,316 176, 566 425, 563 388, 958 76, 606 1, 108, 319 73, 051 314, 256 57,060 476, 458 59, 580 4,654 130, 153 62,604 52, 371 194, 493 87, 304 17. 101 363, 956 86, 000 Cash and sun- dries. S21,610,688 111,797 61,663 2,609,436 2,439 45, 681 57, 748 95, 793 211,181 2, 365, 690 242, 692 141,251 116, 138 761, 796 102, 656 353, 231 730,287 2, 746, 241 922, 724 ,306, 294 441,462 925, 978 156, 706 2,606,831 77, 030 784,943 229,405 1,027,182 123, 336 2,152 438, 117 64,907 204, 130 236, 891 70, 718 27, 228 1, 119, 301 1,201,643 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 7 26 40 120 42 12 25 44 13 171 18 66 13 48 6 3 Total horse- power. 87,256 366 5,956 120 166 373 805 1,465 9,181 1,429 512 2,665 748 3,025 3,683 11,996 4,008 1,528 3,049 3,851 512 9,593 855 3,991 802 3,345 520 67 1.540 547 1,473 1,514 566 270 3,989 812 Group 10. — BRASS. (See also Brass and copper, rolled; Brass castings and brass tinisliing; Brassware.) 1 United States 12 S215, 431 S6,600 $10,744 S64, 464 S133,723 11 2,063 Illinois ? 3 3 6 90,406 33,400 91,625 3,000 3,000 4,000 3,744 17,864 4,400 42,200 66, 542 25,000 42,181 3 3 5 92 1,850 111 3 Pennsylvania All other states 2 4 3,500 Group 10.— BRASS AMD COPPER, ROL.I.ED. (See also Brass; Brass castings and brass finishing; Brassware.) 1 United States 26 832,942,594 52,230,373 $4, 382, 146 S8, 056, 261 $18,273,814 24 44,694 Connecticut New Jersey . . . . . 2 3 16 4 27,401,887 667,648 4,873,059 1,627,410 18,099 584, 864 3,545,426 42, 101 794,619 6,995,663 178, 182 882,416 15,233,388 429,266 2,611,160 15 4 5 32,794 1,950 9,950 4 6 1 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Arizona, 2; Mississippi, 2; Nebraska, 2; Nevada, 1. ? Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 1; Kentucky,!; New Jersey, 1; Ohio, 2; Washington, 1. GENERAL TABLES. Ill STATES AND TERRITORIES; 1905--Continued. Group 4.— BOXES, WroODEN BACKING. (See also L.iiinber, planing mill products, Including sash, doors, and blinds.) Proprie- tors and Arm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNERS. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. General superintendents, managers , clerlrs, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number Employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 26, 495 Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. 1,269 Salaries. SI, 192, 942 Number. 196 Salaries. 1,071 1,812 $1,912,169 347 S621,317 1,466 11,290,862 S97,910 39, 221 1 3 6 , 12 3 11 9 8 8 54 28 13 1 2 7 28 48 131 52 14 14 42 21 233 23 89 14 66 6 4 7 13 27 16 6 4 48 3 16 11 107 2 7 1 8 23 27 202 37 14 18 45 16 16 87 i 212 95 31 101 69 22 224 16 80 8 84 11 15,400 6,925 129,397 1,584 4,674 5,415 22,218 35,476 245. 402 34, 253 18, 744 18,058 47. 193 24.562 12, 354 71,074' 215,321 91, 564 34, 412 113,957 ■ 70,268 17,610 239,917 7,480 81,888 7,588 85, 279 13, (i20 4 2 18 1 3,600 1,375 39,830 720 12 9 89 1 7 6 16 16 176 26 8 16 36 13 14 64 178 77 26 73 61 20 198 10 59 6 71 11 11,800 5,650 89,667 864 4,674 3,415 11,268 12, 226 177,402 18, 673 6,800 14, 658 23,413 9,562 10, 134 40,922 166, 761 66,014 22, 132 64, 577 56,408 16,210 192, 359 4,600 48,732 4,688 56,007 13,620 12 9 81 1 6 6 16 13 159 21 6 15 30 13 11 63 129 63 20 66 49 19 173 10 60 5 64 11 11,800 5,650 85,387 864 3,790 3,415 11,268 11, 146 168,997 17,164 5,900 13,878 20,413 9,562 9,480 40,818 131, 299 50,393 19,012 61, 257 50,740 15, 742 179,026 4,600 44,300 4,588 62, 647 13,620 557 247 1,318 30 115 281 648 1,042 4,498 732 374 258 1,077 322 737 2,245 4,114 2,093 567 1,523 1,660 496 4,090 548 1.608 246 1,769 179 43 697 518 377 1,508 308 79 1,996 321 284 99 886 16 82 91 335 560 2,919 ,,4,59 "^ 232 186 834 227 512 1,608 2,956 1,219 363 938 1,272 396 2,828 326 1,109 108 •> 3 ,. "~ 8 4,180 4 2 884 .6 7 2 7 12 12 6 2 9 3 2 23 34 18 5 28 8 2 26 6 21 3 13 2,000 10,960 23,250 68,000 15,680 11,944 3,400 23,780 15,000 2,220 30, 152 68,660 35,550 12, 280 49,380 13,860 1,300 47, 558 2,880 33, 156 3,000 29,272 8 2 16 4 2 1 6 1,080 8,405 1,509 900 780 3,000 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3 1 49 14 6 7 12 1 25 654 104 26,462 5,621 3,120 3,320 5,668 468 13,333 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 9 4,432 26 27 7 3,460 1,264 i 28 151 29 23 30 34 16 16 40 15 3 79 1 ^ 33,052 16,212 15,301 35,678 15, 136 3,180 90,468 31,610 1 2 2 13 8 1,500 3,000 2,570 13,325 9,396 33 14 14 27 7 3 64 18 31,552 13, 212 12,731 22,353 5,740 3,180 60,638 18, 610 29 13 10 25 5 2 49 16 29, 602 12,912 11,131 21, 453 4,600 2,540 46,738 17, 410 4 1 4 2 2 1 5 2 1,950 300 1,600 900 1,140 640 3,800 1,200 369 188 271 780 75 40 1,348 262 31 32 33 34 35 36 26 2 39,930 13,000 37 38 Group 10. — BRASS* (See also Brass and. copper, rolled; Brass castings and brass finishing; Brassware. 9 21 $24,772 ' 8 $16,300 13 S9, 472 11 S9, 172 2 $300 108 68 1 1 4 4 i ^^ 19, 372 4 11,800 7 7,672 7 7,572 36 12 60 21 6 41 3 10 5,400 4 3,600 6 1,900 4 1 1,600 2 300 4 Group 10.— BRASS AND COPPER, ROLLED. (See also Brass; Brass castings and brass finishing; Brassivare.) 5 758 $1, 103, 274 65 $276,544 703 $826, 730 650 $797,746 63 $28,984 12, 521 9,705 1 1 3 1 621 20 117 895, 179 32,483 175,612 40 6 9 189, 735 17,069 69,750 581 14 108 705, 444 15, 424 105, 862 546 11 94 685,762 13,890 98, 104 36 3 14 19, 692 1,534 7,758 10, 122 323 2,076 7,836 240 1,629 2 3 4 * Includes establishments distributed as follows: Massachusetts, 1; Michigan, 2; New York, 1; Pennsylvania, 1; Wisconsin, 1. 112 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 4.— BOXES, WOODEN PACKHVO— Continued. STATE OR TEERITORY. United states Alabama Arkansas California. Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa - - - . Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire. . . New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas . Vermont ?. Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states "WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Average number. 347 106 985 22 153 408 717 3,637 494 293 154 942 223 609 1,770 3,579 1,508 400 1,202 1,424 421 3,371 349 1,323 147 1,416 159 11 514 238 309 927 148 51 1,612 261 S12,171,104 90,406 34,812 668,036 11,299 50,711 35,252 124,769 156,380 1,549,902 204,543 110,362 69,995 335,699 81,789 260,077 617,128 1,665,298 671,794 174,893 504,024 589,479 160,657 1,510,454 70,494 544,205 72,012 635,924 87,255 1,902 177,445 65,944 103,246 245, 132 62,497 23,353 .589,390 114,547 Men 16 years and over. Average number. 26,858 Wages, 253 69 882 19 133 394 546 3,483 403 271 121 775 151 595 1,521 3,108 1,398 392 922 1,332 302 3,283 240 1,242 141 1,282 159 6 452 189 250 663 108 49 1,408 247 .511,411,079 71,974 26,413 639,103 10,437 39,277 33,028 121,635 134;835 1,503,155 179, ,525 105,588 64,116 306,924 67,541 256,879 481,672 1,516,895 539,442 173,437 444,994 564,422 134,101 1,489,645 58,797 628,982 70,448 611,928 87,2.55 1,395 170, 183 56,131 88,666 196,039 51,982 22,563 550,836 110,947 Women 16 years and over. Average number. Wages. 18 7 11 81 439 45 77 114 44 65 37 5 23 4 26 67 102 38 1 40 14 1436,469 4,280 5,196 9,638 11,434 1,424 3,000 9,046 33,144 18,738 1,516 4,189 1,960 2,774 9,467 141,969 18,601 13,199 22,309 26,912 9,850 8,197 8,655 1,408 5,323 144 555 6,660 14,266 21,271 10,215 640 7,901 3,600 Children under 16 years. Average number. 2 108 66 33 22 24 149 65 3 168 32 65 8 220 15 6 44 44 44 1 HI 58 23 2 162 2 1 164 Wages. 8323,556 14,151 3,203 19,295 862 134 12,500 13,603 6,280 4,774 4,365 24,586 12,288 424 26,989 6,434 13,7.51 1,456 45,831 2,748 644 10,959 3,500 6,568 166 18,673 363 0,707 3,153 434 27,822 300 150 . 30,653 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. $3,363,788 19,387 6,018 149,299 1,577 4,114 9,313 20,552 67,846 344,767 45,932 14,523 122,332 16,242 45,946 202,246 426,118 128,810 47,916 136,202 109,134 53,216 690,286 9,518 180,275 19,880 115,237 13,851 467 111,529 25,428 33,956 68,035 25,683 4,403 128,337 28.439 Rent ot works. 5363,749 61 COD 31,807 180 2,380 115 780 48,335 4,043 930 334 2,305 1,956 1,350 11,792 33,745 9,237 894 25,301 13,288 6,208 96,625 660 15,914 2,372 21,135 2,850 18 2,700 640 813 6,127 115 736 6,683 150 Taxes, not including internal revenue. $200,878 323 259 233 1,429 1,416 19,914 3,404 1,617 1,038 4,897 438 3,632 8,745 36,084 12,440 2,378 10,283 7,691 1,719 28,964 1,077 9,819 1,660 7,063 1,725 51 1,345 1,103 1,962 4,676 1,449 244 10,755 2,367 Oroup 10 BRASS— Continued. 1 United States 78 S46,496 78 »46,4S6 ] «18,115 $6,667 $702 1 25 9 44 15,742 6,891 23,863 25 9 44 15,742 6,891 23,863 8,764 2,676 6,675 3,960 640 2,057 185 178 339 3 Pennsylvania.. 4 1 Group 10 BRASS AND COPl»EK, KOl.L,ED— Continued. 1 United States 10,909 $5,733,487 10,404 $5,581,202 470 $143,621 36 .$8,664 $2,363,103 $9,6.50 $155,933 7, 8,762 285 1,862 4,645,775 131,775 955,937 8,293 279 1,832 4,502,460 130,398 948,344 438 6 26 135,886 1,377 6,368 31 7,429 1,736,206 62, 196 574,701 660 6,000 3,000 126,022 3,505 26,406 3 New Jersey 4 4 l,i35 GENEEAL TABLES. 113 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Uroup 4 — BOXEili, AVOODEN PACKING— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent ol ofQces, interest, etc. Contract work. $2,593,462 18,503 4,053 99,512 1,074 1,475 6,690 18,560 60,930 273,008 22,189 41,990 13, 161 115,130 13,848 35,997 124,486 345, 119 107,133 44,643 99, 618 88,155 44,551 449,447 5,848 134,542 15,848 86,539 9,276 59,923 23, 520 19,401 56,432 12, 119 3,423 110,999 25, 922 $205, 709 10,500 1,700 448 4.720 3,600 360 1,396 67,223 10,170 738 15,260 1,943 20,000 600 47,561 165 11,780 800 12,000 COST OF MATERIALS USED. Aggregate. 69, SOS 72,403 1,395,070 11,643 98,305 96, 603 134. ii;i3 238. 44;1 4,380.389 509, (IST 584, Stili 179.824 767,727 260.239 740,331 1,712,140 4,522,615 1,263,266 516,874 1,132,532 1,593,696 514,016 4,594,784 221,517 1,559,486 155,838 1,989,471 222,140 2,911 156,805 119,774 296,594 937,339 101,599 65, 439 1,857,964 413,394 Principal materials. Total. $32,619,271 68,340 68,730 1,368,962 10,993 90, 181 94, 943 129,967 223,052 4,280,886 600,098 566,710 177,508 747,017 256,672 727,562 1,698,117 4, 426, 563 1,168,170 490, 406 1, 104, 428 1,565,114 508,786 4,480,719 216, 324 1,512,252 146,232 1,952,438 217,901 2,846 153,319 112,954 294,154 932, 660 99,249 61,920 1,763,073 400,036 Purchased in raw state. $1,221,861 41,930 12, 426 5,800 8,028 4,400 13,235 74,223 54,090 72,768 400 7,392 4,260 49, 612 63,238 218, 254 91,158 2,400 60,059 44,711 500 91,849 8,777 62,017 4,683 40,034 1,206 47,569 14,064 3,600 52,5.52 18,355 750 55,263 12,500 Purchased in partially manutactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). $31,397,410 28, 410 56, 305 1,363,162 2,965 90, 181 90, 543 116,732 148,829 4,226,796 427,340 566, 310 177,608 739, 625 252, 422 678,040 1,634,879 4,208,309 1,077,012 488,006 1,054,369 1,620,403 508, 286 4,388,870 207,647 1,460,235 141,649 1,912,404 217, 901 1,640 105,750 98,900 290,654 880,108 61,170 1,707,820 387,636 Fuel. $166, 418 2,207 450 1,338 10 300 990 6,638 3,676 * 612 1,450 7,467 346 476 4,678 21,601 14,646 880 9,771 4,776 1,741 40, 731 1,586 10,794 100 13,766 760 2,070 251 875 445 8,931 1,734 Rent ol power and heat. 173, 207 3,852 "2'662' 5,404 200 600 16 3,659 300 300 7,258 1,230 3,028 300 1,695 1,665 22, 146 65 1,938 300 1,995 1,200 50 570 1,225 625 1,800 480 80 9,264 Mill sup- plies. $202,381 961 350 12,065 100 194 330 4,426 2,314 28,222 2,632 6,716 850 2,117 2,922 6,993 6,662 24, 578 13,861 7,198 6,901 8,458 1,814 14,343 2,277 7,592 2,438 9,488 539 16 2,660 1,847 904 3,179 510 84 14, 770 2,310 Freight. $417,714 3,375 7,994 4,630 320 12,093 59,239 3,182 10,328 "7," 567 5,011 3,793 42, 515 55, 469 15, 362 11, 132 13,553 10 36,845 1,265 26, 910 6,768 11,784 2,500 66 2,333 40 2,510 71,110 50 Value ol products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. $67,047,743 243, 599 140, 720 2, 435, 142 29,028 202, 251 169, 950 379, 622 693, 622 7,303,734 845, 178 842,012 299, 182 1,433,044 494, 658 1,174,735 2, 769, 336 7,671,893 2,272,621 900, 251 2,203,924 2, 565, 612 742, 543 7, 586, 919 355,606 2,631,817 280,865 3,142,414 379, 647 8,601 697, 427 280, 389 608, 193 1,461,851 253,203 117,919 2,924,579 645, 667 (iroup 10.— BRASS— Continued. $10,766 $363, 720 $348,797 8348,797 i $11,077 S525 $807 $2,514 $700, 772 1 4,619 1,868 4.279 157,648 83,392 122,780 151,038 79,924 117,835 151,038 79,924 117,835 6,305 938 3,8.34 205 30 572 i'soo' 14 414,402 104,060 182,310 ? 3 525 4 Qroup 10.— BRASS AND COPPER, ROliliJED-Continued. $2,197,620 $39,798,683 $37,863,413 $37,863,413 $1,103,840 $12,116 $777, 191 $42,123 $51,912,853 1 1,609,634 42,691 546, 295 32,241,629 687,462 6,869,602 30,662,200 658,481 6,642,732 30,662,200 658,481 6, 542, 732 866,367 21,383 216,090 12,116 660,451 5,960 110,780 40,495 1,628 41,911,903 997,026 9,003,924 2 3 4 MPG — PT 1 — 07- 114 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group lO.— BKASS CASTINGS AlVD BRASS FINISHING. (See also Brass; Brass and copper, rolled; Brassware; Bronze castings; Plumbers' supplies.) STATE OR TEKRITOKY. United States Alabama California Colorado Connecticut Illinois Indiana Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states J . . . Number of estab- lish- ments. 620 30 12 7 29 114 51 60 14 3 6 3 14 17 823, 492, 943 93,668 715, 184 68,100 3, 463, 373 2,314,789 119,337 58, 966 134, 448 133, 610 1,816,776 2, 104, 638 697,070 113, 157 1,609,056 2,808,816 1,680,309 2, 665, 448 214, 365 12, 600 27,300 124, 345 1, 147, 130 1,381,670 Land. 82,356,990 16, 500 166, 200 8,000 370, 624 311,248 12, 404 4,000 19,000 17,050 119,050 69,288 111,960 2,000 228,200 296, 682 104, 124 266,042 14,700 . 600 10,700 200 141,670 77, 848 Buildings. $3,522,046 12,100 14, 600 16,000 967,993 407,781 22, 962 5,600 22,277 18, 525 163, 666 276, 434 95,270 14,200 212, 237 337,077 236, 561 319, 135 30,800 200 3,500 3,100 233,816 119,423 Machinery, tools, and implements. $5,914,151 12, 441 209, 630 17, 300 886,974 632,389 33, 590 18,080 32,932 30,900 264,998 682,002 158,454 24,800 419,724 767, 396 495, 430 494,046 40, 846 7,300 7,600 68,993 429, 437 288,991 Cash and sun- ' dries. $11,699,756 62, 627 324, 864 17, 800 1,247,782 963, 371 50,381 31,386 60,239 67, 135 1,268,073 1.186,914 331,386 72, 157 748,894 1,418,761 844, 194 1,686,226 128,009 4,400 6,600 62,062 342,207 896, 408 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 13,752 155 199 24 2,702 1,141 143 28 97 163 1,842 167 129 425 1,067 1,421 1,902 100 ■ 22 10 70 463 622 Group 10 BKASS WARE. (See also Brass; Brass and copper, rolled; Brass castings and brass flnlsliing; Hardvrare; Plumbers' supplies.) United States California Connecticut Illinois Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Wisconsin All other states 2. , . 64, 460 9,706,637 1,024,941 474, 100 390, 613 23, 400 261, 602 3, 166, 676 1,483,862 26, 960 1,943,004 217,504 97, 943 62, 100 $1,467,762 644,260 60, 446 38, 468 17,900 30,600 162, 180 63, 700 7,600 427, 118 2,600 3,100 $2,902,080 1,214,760 173, 168 39, 593 66,730 21,800 601,853 167,286 960 706, 622 6,0,38 9,000 4,300 $6, 300, 120 34, 400 2, 779, 204 284, 684 179,891 90, 681 6,500 80, 464 985,056 319, 466 10, 600 377,102 100, 570 18,812 32,800 $9,270,610 30,050 5,067,333 606, 653 216, 148 215, 402 16,900 j 118, 648 1,516,487 943, 400 6,900 432, 162 108, 396 70, 131 21,900 13, 468 6 24 23 7,272 24 623 16 238 6 443 4 21 11 201 .TO 2,743 10 688 3 18 27 1,064 12 141 4 63 4 29 1 IncludesestablishmGntsclistributedasfolIows: Arkansas, 1; Delaware, 2; District of Columbia, 2; Georgia, 2; Iowa, 1; Kansas, 2; Louisiana, 1; Minnesota, 2; New Mexico, 1; Oregon, 1; Texas, 1; Vermont, 1. GENERAL TABLES. las STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 10.- -BRASS C.VSTINGiS AND BRA8S FINISHIINU. (See also Brass; BrasK and copper, rolled; BrawNivarc; Bronze eastinj^'s; Plunibers- supplies.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEEKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNF,RS. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. (iciieriil superintendents, managers, clerics, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing tlie year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing tlie year. Total. Men. Women. '. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. 1,071 Salaries. Number. 894 Salaries. Number. Salaries. 533 1,300 , .?1,, 537, 6.56 229 3.561.537 S!i76. 119 S896,932 177 $79,187 14,116 9,140 X 3 16 2 20 26 7 6 6 7 51 26 13 6 35 129 64 64 16 3 8 1 11 13 5 44 1 178 152 10 7 8 16 118 138 37 67 154 95 140 10 4,849 68,001 1,300 206, 810 143.823 S. 312 5.093 1 11 1.612 24. 300 4 33 1 164 130 7 7 4 12 91 110 30 5 59 135 82 102 7 3,237 33,701 1,300 144, 124 90, 436 3,912 5,093 4,100 10,564 91,766 95,236 33, 466 5,800 61, 109 153,509 82, 664 89, 837 6,984 2 ■ 24 1 156 99 4 5 4 12 70 ,S2 26 4 55 117 67 83 5 2,787 27,942 1,300 141,934 78, .361 3, .384 4,109 4,100 10,564 82,912 80,260 30, 646 6,300 59, 947 145, 469 75,630 80,670 6,048 2 9 450 5,759 58 392 34 1,903 1,190 139 66 68 127 1,649 1,838 243 98 646 1,888 1,179 1,280 127 13 27 84 637 631 40 300 29 1,127 820 70 42 58 100 820 1,348 132 74 443 1,099 854 819 108 5 18 66 391 377 2 3 14 3 62.686 53. 387 4.400 9 31 3 2 2,190 12,075 528 984 5 6 7 8 9.948 4 5,848 15,000 46,621 81,520 20.504 2.700 25,770 43.480 36,000 73,940 6,240 q 25,564 ' 4 10 138,377 176,756 53,970 8,500 86,885 196,989 118,664 163. 777 12.224 27 28 8 19 13 38 3 21 28 4 1 4 18 15 19 2 8,844 14,986 2,820 500 1,162 8,050 ' 7,034 9,167 936 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 '0 ''1 h 39 66 7,366 ii 2 H7. ,S01 13 42. 657 10 3,500 39,202 14, 821 6 26 66 3,866 28,599 27, 836 4 25 50 3,294 27,399 25,906 2 1 6 672 1,200 1,930 22 23 24 Group 10.— BBASSWAKE. 217 6 1^1 15 12 280 118 30 27 6 21 209 45 (See also Brass; Brass and copper, rolled; Brass castings and brass iinisliin^; Hardivare; Plumpers' supplies.) -51.005,025 17, 690 403, 873 126, 154 33,525 37, 593 5,600 27,609 206,129 52, 823 64,270 20,320 4,939 4,600 8,750 92, 825 29, 000 13, 910 14,000 13, 900 39, 830 16,000 255 106 22 20 6 14 197 41 3,000 1,000 $765, 362 8,940 311,048 97, 154 19, 615 23, 593 6,600 13, 709 166, 299 36. 823 56, 822 20, 320 1,939 3,600 201 81 15 17 5 13 163 30 $676,032 8,940 284, 608 83, 456 16, 114 22, 283 5,200 13, 189 144, 612 32, 401 42, 374 17, 680 1,575 3,600 8, 330 26,440 13, 698 3,501 1,310 520 21,687 4,422 14, 448 2,640 364 11,866 8,652 48 40 6,966 4,646 708 538 351 230 626 375 16 10 222 139 2,535 1,622 502 398 19 19 611 437 264 116 54 45 45 38 2Includee establisliments distributed as follows: Colorado, 1; Indiana, 1; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 1; Nebraska, l;WaPliington, 1. 116 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 10.— BRASS CASTINGS AND BRASS FINISHING— Continued. STATE OB TEEEITOEY. WAGE-EAKNEES AND "WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States 11,305 86,208,291 10,901 $6,092,156 284 890,617 120 $25,618 82,216,514 8220,084 895, 613 •>, 51 347 32 1,382 975 101 64 63 107 1,225 1,580 185 85 532 1,457 1,018 1,010 116 6 20 74 455 430 23,331 241, 126 22,002 846,365 577,259 55,067 20,093 31,587 44, 487 671,370 765,881 113, 630 48, 108 296,893 803, 677 563, 257 526,593 78,060 2,447 11,460 29,264 243, 182 203,272 51 336 32 1,331 931 99 46 61 106 1,169 1,499 180 85 530 1,398 998 993 116 6 18 74 418 425 23,331 237,668 22,002 823, 732 564,824 64,665 18,333 30,923 44,367 665, 881 738,395 112,564 48,108 296,332 785,534 557,310 521,331 77,754 2,447 11,060 29,264 233,989 202, 372 21,784 46,998 4,080 217, 896 323, 310 7,867 5,533 8,477 16,608 261,126 227,740 61, 836 6,870 126,372 304,614 114,522 299,120 13,627 963 2,201 6,210 101,837 49,046 466 4,113 305 8,843 5,618 696 172 1,080 1,126 19,632 15,652 1,966 349 3,426 7,333 10,351 6,656 1,477 63 51 377 4,743 1,638 s 1 468 10 3,000 14,040 1,100 12, 180 20,022 1,435 2,084 200 3,480 25,675 11,149 3,652 1,064 18,266 61,262 16,128 23,860 3,377 680 1,215 800 3,074 6,341 4 Colorado "i Connecticut., 41 44 19,905 12,435 10 2,718 6 Illinois 7 Indiana. 2 402 8 8 2 1,760 664 q Maine in 1 12 40 5 130 1,616 7,791 1,066 11 44 41 13,874 9,696 1' 13 Missouri 14 1"! 1 43 19 13 1 364 14, 470 5,647 4,225 306 1 16 1 4 197 3,573 300 1,037 Ifi New Yorlc 17 Ohio . . 18 It 'n TPTITIARSPP ^1 Wasliington 2 400 OT ■>■! Wisconsin 26 6,704 11 5 2,489 900 ?4 Group 10.— BRASS'W ARE— Continued. United States CaliJomia Connecticut Illinois Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Wisconsin All other states 10,078 41 6,238 605 289 449 11 165 2,060 462 19 483 185 50 41 85,176,758 19,336 2,703,397 326, 163 161, 769 179, 728 8,029 88,662 1,044,060 236,057 13,096 286, 296 62, 587 24, 082 23, 606 37 3,664 675 232 379 11 144 1,708 438 19 149 47 41 84,494,470 17, 862 2, 186, 441 317, 099 146, 834 164, 240 8,029 81,314 952,983 232,077 13,096 273, 685 64,038 23, 276 23, 606 1 1,439 27 46 62 20 332 14 8646, 695 600 493,904 8,414 13,226 13, 784 7,040 89, 782 3,980 9,110 6,049 806 3 136 3 11 835,593 23,062 650 1,709 1,704 208 1,286 3,601 2,500 81,406,886 9,552 616, 270 114, 438 41, 658 45,870 6,356 16, 443 - 351,661 68,658 1,460 102,366 16, 433 5,261 10, 581 8139,741 6,780 16, 675 23, 196 8,658 400 936 3,826 57,585 6,680 480 7,234 5,400 1,238 853 883,447 209 47,889 2,881 3,198 2,740 1,064 11,992 5,388 160 629 679 313 GENERAL TABLES. 117 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 10.— BRASS CASTINGS AND BRASS FINISHING— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. roST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Kent of ofBces, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). $1,844,903 $55,914 $16,170,153 815,419; 068 $7,54! $15,411,526 $482,312 $66,287 $90,284 $113,202 $29,671,928 1 21,328 27,775 2,675 147,963 297,770 4,326 3,277 7,197 11,902 213,497 200,239 46,042 5,457 104,680 246,664 88,043 267,616 8,773 220 736 4,033 94,020 41,771 236,706 299,297 47,541 1,324,577 1,799,860 86,226 69, 494 47,195 182,429 1,380,060 1,498,546 1,169,035 70,020 1,466,392 2,036,254 1,138,022 2,037,737 228,384 14,884 9,366 46,282 652,231 431,616 231,185 271,872 45,861 1,240,960 1,733,294 80, 143 67,490 42,616 176, 760 1,287,242 1,424,779 1,133.167 59, 613 1,417,365 1,949,749 1,086,381 1,957,217 216,694 13,948 8,636 43,926 526,950 404, 440 231, 185 271,872 45,851 1,240,002 1,733,053 80, 143 67, 490 42,696 176,760 1,287,227 1,424,509 1,133,167 59,532 1,417,206 1,947,908 1,086,371 1,966,717 216,274 13,948 8,636 43,926 626,660 400,704 4,509 15,761 1,260 66,780 47,241 3,721 483 3,435 3,228 57,079 44,127 16, 371 5,030 33,339 47,946 27,617 51,739 10,612 675 410 1,666 20, 360 20,043 1,012 1,061 30 5,805 4,638 198 65 625 547 20,417 16, 100 1,284 269 3,394 8,616 7,804 14,413 427 16 25 102 1,664 2,774 291,611 814, 417 91,804 2,982,115 3,183,539 175,334 120,830 121,700 318,267 2,661,038 3,145,917 1,472,725 161,362 2,282,796 3,776,966 2, 348, 713 3,370,827 396, 426 21, 148 29,950 100, 965 996,602 807,878 -:> 70 8,180 110 5,661 4,222 216 1,076 344 483 10,636 1,496 986 1,829 996 10,880 10,104 2,815 266 216 395 2,423 300 6,371 10,466 949 380 175 1,411 4,787 13,043 17,228 3,279 11,308 18,064 6,216 11,553 485 30 T 4 4S,910 58 241 6 1.400 7 S 20 10 2,421 800 175 15 270 11 12 IS si 150 1,841 10 500 320 14 16 355 16 17 1,188 18 19 Of) 200 01 598 2,294 1,843 300 . 3,736 1,963 2,516 03 395 24 Gronp 10.— BRASSWARE— Continued. $1,165,792 .?17.906 .57,631,943 .57,101,742 $35,860 $7,066,882 $282,220 $60,946 $96, 423 $90,612 $17,499,066 1 2,563 551,706 87,661 28,647 42,730 3,971 11,563 279,274 65,164 820 81,516 10,504 3,444 6,240 21,330 4,346,774 414,797 142,604 204,063 16,433 137,659 1,469,022 348,533 19,535 312, 156 114,088 62,880 33,069 19,376 4,013,374 390,497 136,269 188,068 14,606 129,082 1,378,307 331,141 17,430 298,591 10", 023 47,793 30,286 19,375 4,013,374 - 390,297 135,269 152, 408 14,506 129,082 1,378,307 331,141 17, 430 298,591 108,023 47,793 30,286 120 191,836 7,719 3,196 11,196 6 6,273 42,140 4,451 1,070 9,616 1,136 2,172 1,292 1,673 15,285 12,037 1,918 230 655 1,146 17,877 3,451 810 1,694 2,857 673 941 12 48,522 2,466 1,307 2,809 67 1,109 26, 566 9,366 226 1,626 2,072 1,323 66 250 77,758 2,078 915 1,760 300 60 1 5,142 125 126, 955 9,022,427 1,152,874 454, 728 549, 376 54, 050 316, 683 3,671,283 904, 589 41,896 840,890 271,977 103,930 88, 498 o ? 700 1,256 200 4 5 35,660 6 1,400 7 8 2,800 1,426 q 10 n 7,160 730 I*" 13 1,019 485 14 3,175 111 118 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 1.— BREAD AND OTHER BAKERY PRODUCTS. STATE OR TEKKITOKT. United States. Alabama Arizona. Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Ehode Island South Carolina South Dakota ... Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington' West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Number of estab- lish- ments. 18, 227 52 16 63 615 186 327 52 77 85 82 19 1,406 43 581 268 237 236 151 428 1,108 614 272 57 614 45 138 11 113 1,000 27 3,164 34 39 1,138 78 93 2,817 174 62 32 81 244 28 57 80 166 111 532 19 Total. $122,363,327 473, 136 84,965 179, 563 3, 327, 359 942, 879 2, 259, 707 297,005 1, 507, 447 222,808 312,239 27,115 13.515,431 45,790 3,868,666 1,581,911 751,705 1,114,343 787, 104 496, 699 1,920,572 7,017,236 2,829,028 2, 608, 707 183, 856 7,415,957 466, 430 653, 856 39, 419 346, 673 5, 406, 486 63, 835 24,651,370 76, 760 106,938 8,320,101 179, 670 776, 180 19,100,202 1,065,966 277, 878 170,127 1,293,619 1, 276, 338 353,018 214, 397 596, 728 456,293 298,278 2,593,208 30,430 Land. 815,797,767 86, 650 6, .560 18,500 661,480 79,335 302, 666 61,075 398, 782 41.535 49, 725 2,650 1,373,697 500 370, 210 181, 175 101,985 131,995 136, 780 52,800 146,322 676, 772 296, 460 293,040 27,565 623, 545 41, 420 73, 596 6,900 31,426 992, 779 14,860 3, 160, 647 4,260 13, 470 1, 108, 225 38,275 184, 650 3,105,049 140, 309 45,805 20,525 96, 676 166,949 17,061 21,600 96, 150 68,765 49,350 372,908 6,350 Buildings. 829,946,976 121, 100 29, 150 27,260 709, 713 146, 482 687, 792 122, 375 496,000 46, 487 106, 660 7,560 3,085,128 700 719, 248 327, 300 221,809 243, 792 222, 130 99,485 740,950 1, 491, 827 638, 374 459, 364 46, 775 1,476,493 78, 749 148, 830 8,700 93, 460 2,069,979 17, 200 4, 812, 482 6,650 36, 360 2,167,940 51,950 164, 400 6,010,935 303, 501 92, 700 42, 102 148,920 277, 454 41,200 37, 300 166,600 90,975 89,690 721,346 7,750 Machinery, tools, and implements. $39,894,743 90, 484 12,800 57, 290 836, 740 376, 856 571, 196 51, 380 190, 185 79,980 54, 598 8,126 6,019,207 13, 870 1,237,972 564, 859 194,397 375, 776 144, 777 103,346 451, 401 2, 729, 701 1,165,207 1,028,384 49, 480 3,078,017 227, 847 260, 698 8,000 90,030 1, 063, 063 10,360 9,002,568 29,946 27,188 2, 916, 645 46, 366 196, 145 4,720,673 289,562 49, 626 40,366 618, 666 476, 464 163, 371 46, 580 128, 782 123,051 75, 580 802, 776 6,376 Cash and stfn- dries. $36, 723, 841 174,902 36, 466 76, 623 1,119,426 340, 207 698,063 62, 176 423,480 56,806 101,266 8,790 4,037,399 30,720 1,531,236 508, 577 233, 514 362, 780 283, 417 240, 968 582, 899 2,219,936 728, 997 727, 919 60, 035 2,337,902 118, 414 170, 733 16, 819 131,768 1, 290, 665 21,425 7,676,673 36,915 29,930 2, 137, 291 44,079 229, 985 5, 263, 545 322,604 89, 747 67, 134 429, 358 355, 471 131, 386 108, 917 206, 196 172, 502 83,758 696, 179 10,965 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 2,878 18 206 3 137 71 37 38 66 12 172 117 54 11 92 4 25 1 20 132 1 332 9 2 4 15 508 24 10 4 20 40 7 Total horse- power. 40,871 87 898 231 575 105 4,451 11 1,594 438 318 418 692 146 776 1,909 1,201 941 141 2,407 84 183 1 75 1,189 6 6,763 42 14 4,225 16 263 7,010 628 132 81 316 475 77 63 221 117 308 643 7 > Includes X estabUshment in Alaska. GENERAL TABLES. 119 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group l.-BRElikD AND OTHER BAKUKV PRODUCTS. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. 59 24 08 737 200 355 53 84 107 90 25 1,512 56 667 121 310 257 257 172 444 1,268 721 309 62 649 51 i 160 ] 14 ' 129 j 1.074 28 3. 362 40 43 1,247 118 i,009 205 57 41 95 270 28 64 90 194 131 572 21 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Aggregate. Onicers of corporations Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 51 1 18 293 64 270 : 11 I 10 300 195 38 1 55 33 60 157 915 263 242 15 549 22 24 3 28 315 1 1,435 10 8 555 4 70 1,038 59 29 12 69 77 14 20 49 18 21 175 36,272,855 473 42.010 I 417 I 17,1.142 213, 7S2 77,205 183, 324 10, 242 32,910 3,390 17,402 590, 615 220. 745 134,518 36,606 41,688 17,010 40,738 113, 264 502,091 169, 039 181, 358 4,648 510, 524 23,658 22,480 1,620 13,804 199, 152 100 1,098,950 5,744 6,375 411, 229 1,132 73, 547 860.929 42, 705 18,937 7,110 58,205 66,290 12,893 13, 678 31, 476 14, 101 7,978 119, 294 S871, 210 4,000 60 5,000 44,177 20, 580 11, 172 3,120 12,900 1,500 132, 355 20, 675 21, 164 13,200 3, 336 725 13, 572 19, 486 19, 690 15,000 900 72, 400 9,000 3,000 43, 940 1,800 54,480 4,650 128, 102 7,811 2,200 2,100 8,600 4,200 6,180 3,000 1,000 5,040 General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. WAGE-EAENEKS. Total. Number. 7,885 S.aiaries. $5,401,645 48 1 17 265 54 259 10 32 645 173 33 53 32 60 149 903 248 236 14 515 22 22 3 27 291 1 1,356 10 6 518 4 65 987 53 75 14 20 46 16 20 170 ,38,010 417 12,942 169, 605 56, 626 17 152 122 20, 010 1,890 17,402 458, 260 200,070 113,354 23, 406 38, 352 16,285 40,738 99, 692 482, 605 149, 349 166, 358 3,748 438, 124 23, 658 13,480 1,620 10, 804 155, 212 100 947, 795 5,744 4,575 356, 749 1,132 68,897 732, 827 34, 894 16, 737 5,010 49,605 62,090 12, 893 13, 678 25,296 11, 101 6,978 114,254 Men. Number, 39 .1 9 87 44 175 6 12 2 14 234 108 17- 38 26 32 94 361 154 1,55 10 424 19 10 3 15 169 1 768 6 5 357 1 40 738 31 22 7 9 137 Women. Salaries. S4, 391, 750 35, 178 417 10, 996 95,590 50, 865 143, 645 5,776 12, 684 1,280 15,080 379, 412 183, 241 92, 493 19, 144 32, 476 15, 401 33, 073 81,629 301, 602 123, 867 137, 885 2,930 405, 449 22, 150 9,823 1,620 7,675 117,227 100 727, 626 4,164 4,200 300, 553 600 59,243 646, 616 26, 966 15,227 4,286 43, 436 58,018 11,827 11,400 21,418 8,560 4,394 104, 624 Number. 2, 903 178 10 54 65 16 15 6 28 55 542 94 81 4 91 3 12 12 122 4 1 161 25 249 22 5 3 19 13 5 7 Sahirics. Jl, 009, 895 2,832 1,946 74,015 5,760 28,607 1,346 7,326 610 2,322 16, 829 20,861 4,262 5,876 884 7,665 18, 063 181,003 25,482 28,473 818 32, 675 1,508 3,657 3,129 37,985 220, 169 1,580 375 56, 196 532 9,654 86, 211 7,928 1,510 730 6,169 4,072 1,066 2,278 3,878 2,551 2,584 9,630 Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 90, 937 540 70 194 3,103 715 1,919 216 806 329 430 34 8,512 49 2,360 1,243 743 875 851 561 1,879 6,284 2,499 1,494 192 4,535 172 428 43 403 4,206 19, 555 126 101 6,778 140 504 12, 046 1,068 352 123 704 934 214 214 615 523 299 1,901 19 Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 76, 657 396 65 167 2, 755 647 32 6,961 44 2,000 1,015 645 695 806 426 1,626 2,053 1,261 173 3, 254 152 368 27 330 3,713 34 16,611 111 82 5,181 121 364 10, 465 921 282 114 507 799 188 174 492 442 246 1,593 16 1,671 7 177 I 8 713 ' 9 267 ! 10 380 I 11 5,095 22 120 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 1 — BRBAD AND OTHER BAKERlf PRODUCTS— Continued. 9 10 H 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 3a 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 STATE OK TERRITORY. "WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Total. Average number. United States. Alabama.. Arizona... Artcansas. California. Colorado.. Connecticut Delaware Dist:rict of Columbia Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory . Indiana '. . Iowa Kansas.. . Kentucky . Louisiana. Maine Maryland . Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire. New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina. North Dakota . . Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania . . Rhode Island. . South Carolina. South Dakota. . Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington. .. West Virginia. Wisconsin Wyoming 475 66 171 2, 778 670 1,751 195 771 284 396 33 7,415 38 2, 115 1,061 626 744 742 5, 552 2, 194 1,347 160 3, 764 161 .383 31 357 33 17,708 115 86 5,295 119 430 10, 964 964 311 116 603 SSI 191 187 569 460 263 1,714 17 Wages. S43, 179, 822 161,252 53, 004 85,000 1,990,692 411,043 1,019,477 97, 443 491,792 124, 420 138,082 28, 319 4, 115, 443 23, 771 994, 204 500, 419 303, 689 349, 831 373, 877 220, 381 762, 913 3,071,654 1,031,807 669, 929 69, 268 1,815,587 101,504 187, 963 28,064 188, 421 2, 312, 090 20, 984 10, 172, 127 35, 878 43,857 2, 520, .384 63, 884 221,122 5, 392, 430 570, 059 99, 271 48,614 236, 564 394, 993 90, 133 84,185 236, 284 321, 247 127, 430 765, 457 13, 580 Men 16 years and over. Average number. 64, 680 371 69 152 2,307 490 1,426 159 704 249 323 29 6,401 37 1,665 495 687 678 358 1,481 4,352 1,647 969 144 2,482 92 284 27 290 3,564 14, 638 92 66 3,997 102 290 8,914 854 242 74 417 126 142 228 1,207 15 S38, 835, 842 147, 534 49, 264 79, 989 1, 823, 269 338, 419 922, 967 90,486 477,714 116,788 121,244 26, 867 3, 526, 499 23, 667 893, 331 445,003 275, 405 314,655 360,606 196.099 722, 304 2, 728, 407 911,629 567,916 65, 809 1, 486, 238 78, 903 162,017 25, 817 170, 246 2,241,991 19, 760 9, 307, 101 32, 634 37, 266 2, 249, 454 60, 137 186, 203 4, 890, 359 636, 372 84,852 39, 364 202, 785 361,264 75,981 71,874 219, 254 285. 553 120, 781 652, 281 12,596 Women 16 years and over. Average number. 14,844 100 6 15 444 169 306 21 60 21 48 3 1,923 1 406 226 112 132 42 86 1.56 1,060 464 370 4 1,126 60 89 4 60 187 3 2,912 6 20 1,244 12 120 1,660 103 42 162 141 59 39 22 399 2 Wages. $3, 986, 635 13. 204 3,506 4, 366 1,58, 989 68, 874 93,087 4,454 12, 562 6,148 12,961 1,252 562, 610 104 92, 298 60. 205 24,019 .30, 494 9,299 20, 560 30, 628 313, 123 101,497 100, 392 967 301, 762 20, 431 23, 445 2,247 16,851 53, 208 696 838, 798 834 6,601 259, 815 2,846 30,096 436, 107 32, 161 7,940 9,260 29,864 28, 725 13,096 11,334 11,893 34, 196 4, 132 93,746 Children under 16 years. Average number. 1,860 44 29 19 25 22 25 54 140 83 8 12 156 7 97 1 158 18 5 20 390 7 30 30 7 13 108 Wages. $357, 345 8,575 5,211 4,265 4,782 3,973 3,722 9,981 30, 124 18, 681 1, 622 2,492 27, 587 2,J70 2,501 1, .324 16, 891 528 26, 228 2,410 11,115 901 4,823 65, 964 1,526 6,479 3,915 5,004 1,057 977 5,137 1,498 2,517 19, 431 MISCELLANEODS EXPENSES. 614 234 645 8,434 3,760 3, 423 2,503 1,526 2,484 .3,887 200 26, 334 Total. S20, 493, 262 52, 743 8,594 35, 505 818, 347 233, 573 419, 873 40, 368 234, 461 48, 877 51,062 9,019 1, 789, 329 21, 205 505,024 345,001 109,916 131, 993 132, 161 77, 989 262, 764 1,173,685 650,917 448, 452 21,985 1, 250, 755 64, 697 70,451 8,078 51,287 734, 536 7,350 4, 665, 919 15,855 14, 848 1, 282, 613 19, 296 94,023 2, 834, 700 165, 079 27, 744 31,076 420,448 259, 862 76, 227 30, 618 91,464 113, 486 35, 7S4 497, 790 6,543 Rent of works. $4, 575, 102 12, 632 4,196 14,461 231, 526 43,056 75, 702 4,192 22, 187 19, 264 18,830 3,192 410, 512 5,949 85,369 67, 063 38,073 36,049 38, 892 28, 663 46, 434 .336, 380 97, 161 61,088 7,890 171,687 9,550 23, 847 3,070 20, 526 229, 122 4,045 1, 370, 885 8,606 5,823 217, 608 7,661 29,588 481, 400 37, 472 8,433 6,284 28, 111 44, 314 8,345 9,777 17,260 44, 913 16, 448 60,308 2,499 Taxes, not including internal revenue. 3,558 867 1,283 21, 526 7,719 13,035 2,680 8,162 2,088 541 59, 447 311 23, 496 10, 991 10, 726 9,054 7,126 3,257 17, 115 54,242 19, 243 15, 100 1,382 42,901 2,542 4,311 494 2,352 41,264 604 134,829 876 1,228 57,059 1,413 5,576 123, 798 6,045 3.340 1,562 5,202 9,933 1,292 3,523 5,461 3,462 3,213 18, 740 356 GENERAL TABLES. 121 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 1.— BREAD AND OXHKR BAKERY PllODUCTS-Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. COST or MATERIALS USED. Principal materials. $15,125,393 .3H,093 36,553 3,476 19,771 56 564,996 182, 798 290 330,736 33,596 400 204,104 27,535 S 27.752 68,743 65,121 16, 123 418,692 3,688 60 Aggregate. S155,999,:US iit;i),4(;s i;fi.s.» ;!17,4S7 J,7.'..S,li47 •1,4S7,279 3.44(i,:!4.:i 410,3."i3 1,.">S0,9S3 416,130 559,551 S9,297 14,279,499 131,200 4,131,117 2,063,412 1,004,1194 1,400,042 : 1.1172,1119 S77,17S 3,0I1H,S113 10,721,322 3,8.53,187 II 2,11.58,002 1 2fi0,.s7,S I 7,2.80,549 352,939 719,721 64,085 651,903 8,204,203 86,501 36,388,630 133,406 183,885 9,058,896 278,772 875,332 19,299,546 1,824,407 370,235 218,176 1,020,577 1,7.51,938 280,845 277,062 1,061,370 904,947 526,985 3,151,027 51,773 SI. 50,. 537, 203 6.50,721 122,0,56 305,616 .5,, 547, 794 1,409,925 3,310,003 398,873 I, ,533, 213 400,8711 542,:569 8,5,, 501 13,784,109 126,2.52 3,972,678 1,970,514 951,125 1,357,195 1,608,345 845,042 2,965,636 10,323,500 3,697,648 2,555,937 249,823 7,066,022 339,411 685,761 60, 178 628,554 7,918,213 82,338 35,283,272 125, 128 172,008 8,722,582 265,206 835,569 18,627,687 1,760,142 353,949 209, 433 994,065 1,691,843 270,224 262,249 1,024,451 871,748 508,781 3,013,969 49,469 Purchased in raw stati'. $6,696,279 14,016 7,740 8,658 485, 131 127,391 159,993 23, 196 100,117 14,039 4,272 615,790 280 87,768 60,562 21,160 59,516 16,048 29,280 136,621 630,670 228,768 78,299 5,246 87,941 1,100 47,634 1,500 17,241 493,512 9,341 1,087,639 3,468 2,300 285,034 13,900 48,536 1,153,960 225,755 11,562 6,172 29,731 21,2,39 7,526 8,. 501 65,562 65,831 15,833 65,316 5,594 Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). «143,840,924 636,705 114,316 296,968 5,062,663 1,282,534 3,150,010 375,677 1,433,096 386,837 532,679 81,229 13,168,319 126,972 3,884,910 1,909,952 929,965 1,297,679 1,592,297 815,762 2,829,015 9,692,830 3,468,880 2,477,638 244,577 6,978,081 338,311 638,127 58,678 611,313 7,424,701 72,997 34,195,633 121,660 169,708 8,437,648 251,306 787,033 17,473,727 1,534,387 342,387 203,261 964,334 1,670,604 262,698 253,748 958,889 815,917 492,948 2,948,653 43,875 Fuel. $4,464,743 13,844 4,810 9,374 163,772 42,280 93,004 9,243 41,081 12,644 15,661 3,766 395,921 4,701 126,813 72,488 41,563 34,247 .55,166 29,739 92,479 306,763 124,675 83,067 7,409 166,413 12,326 31,622 3,882 19,272 253,504 4,043 993,736 5,069 9,094 258, 128 12,370 20,625 543,345 56,916 14,395 8,183 22,678 50,950 8,445 12,480 22,517 24,061 17,131 106,8.39 2,304 Rent of power and heat. $301,923 19,618 4,592 5,206 1,860 1,425 1,806 696 48,936 200 7,026 4,940 2,022 4,051 6,107 720 1,780 19,444 6,887 5,602 768 25,824 691 768 20 1,556 8,134 48,161 355 1,380 21,238 54 900 25,354 3,593 1,148 260 1,808 3,132 1,917 300 3,873 2,742 359 2,791 Mill sup- plies. $192,392 544 426 3,584 .1,528 5,346 140 931 130 625 10 33,486 47 7,418 581 254 4,335 1,466 94 3,013 9,403 6,261 1,383 155 12,523 121 576 5 457 4,657 32,660 127 95 16,095 34 1,455 32,551 571 531 526 2,223 69 92 566 98 255 4,947 Freight. $.503,057 363 4,914 1,263 20,879 28,954 32,787 437 4,333 674 100 20 17,047 17,182 14,889 9,730 214 1,536 1,583 3,955 62,212 17,716 12,013 2,723 9,767 390 994 2,064 19,695 120 30,802 2,727 1,308 40,853 1,108 16,783 70,609 3,185 212 1,500 3,784 190 1,941 9,963 6,298 469 22,481 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. $269,609,061 1,110,433 244,760 697,255 10,619,427 2,657,207 5,897,552 6.57,978 2,675,984 747,708 934,928 148,857 26,145,472 221,260 6,934,725 3,610,967 1,861,596 2,225,314 2,685,626 1,488,878 5,168,645 18,659,703 7,115,648 4,619,507 498,. 527 12,672,244 739,817 1,351,009 127,263 1,075,288 13,601,739 161,750 61,033,576 245, S05 310,710 15,641,065 470"; 338 1,503,636 33,370,304 3,053,889 617,965 387,704 1,974,323 3.049,325 '541,655 498,919 1,606,3.39 1,682,. 348 912,422 5,380,845 90,936 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 61 122 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 9.— BRICK AND TIliE. (See also Pottery, terra cotta, and fire clay products; and special report on Clay products.) STATE OR TERRITORY. Numbei- of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWEK. Total. Land. Buildings. Macliinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- Ush- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 4,634 $119,956,969 827,752,437 S25,522,601 $33,295,324 $33, 386, 597 3,476 255,832 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 63 5 55 69 63 34 21 8 14 69 19 435 27 392 302 65 88 62 66 60 64 169 101 74 162 14 99 5 36 63 10 192 111 14 590 23 43 370 47 10 84 92 39 9 84 61 37 141 3 1,033,277 79,428 942,893 3,928,601 1,035,834 1,889,862 272,325 422, 235 341,857 1,813,942 91,257 12,988,263 410,636 5,448,696 4,800,594 3,473,416 1,562,666 1,343,017 599,016 5,336,963 2,460,983 2,181,805 1,688,273 846, 508 7,457,911 240, 100 1,665,889 73,005 932, 579 3,040,470 41,700 10,954,096 661,492 204,497 12,048,599 321,974 366,347 13,886,769 516,909 174,535 1,200,394 1,608,653 438,476 100,086 3,145,805 966,470 1,962,217 3,051,666 14,096 123,348 9,900 144,526 1,213,960 227,080 614,465 28,105 133,750 30,300 457,417 16,000 2,620,265 11,850 909,382 806,217 541,689 300,844 316,630 109, 170 2,210,387 671,413 480,072 443,233 136,084 1,431,111 101,300 206,424 18, 160 146,042 714,337 2,650 4,027,416 127,416 12,000 2, 136, 195 28,425 87,650 3,606,816 76,764 41,370 253,991 253,345 56, 116 19,200 801,053 223,368 226,219 700,663 360 178,750 12,820 170,908 776,606 144,098 411,963 43,725 61,200 99,465 206,266 16,960 3,541,648 110,781 1,414,403 1,430,012 448, 119 228,318 312,373 130,076 1,381,138 586,236 393,473 405,429 204,449 669,552 26,800 421,668 4,100 141,454 569,638 3,900 1,869,826 110,495 13,700 3,348,650 35,627 54,793 2,858,940 76,601 41,944 189, 275 336,911 139,470 20,830 646, 375 182,556 675,963 496,628 800 396,260 27,968 296,083 1,030,169 342, 222 326, 123 51,450 76,452 138, 116 638,356 24, 130 3,880,412 238,861 1,608,116 1,397,790 1,623,719 573,347 385,712 108,740 1,137,322 386,763 728,236 318,774 279; 690 1,898,997 47,450 313,868 23,535 285,214 799,328 13, 100 2,422,524 236, 184 83, 262 3,240,078 169,563 89, 924 3,819,833 234,458 64,100 364,352 567,672 143,290 20,835 7^5,635 263,462 391,342 1,004,048 9,500 334,929 28,760 331, 376 907,876 322,434 637,311 149,045 160,833 73,986 511,903 36,167 2,945,938 49,044 1,516,796 1,166,575 859,888 460, 147 328,302 251,030 608, 116 816,671 580,024 520,837 226,285 3,568,251 64, 660 624, 92« 27,220 369,869 967, 167 22,060 2,634,330 178,398 95, .546 3,323,676 88,369 133,980 3,601,180 130, 186 37, 121 392,776 460,725 99,600 39,220 912,742 297,094 668,693 861,327 3,446 55 2 31 52 33 31 9 7 14 57 3 312 17 316 226 55 57 52 29 29 48 158 83 48 89 8 70 1 9 52 2 169 79 10 504 17 25 309 45 8 48 50 8 7 69 36 34 103 1 3,360 143 1,851 6,067 2,192 3,254 479 770 903 5,479 147 28,122 1,806 15,896 14,645 7,240 3,098 3,215 880 4,353 3,745 8,147 4,132 2,368 6,978 689 3,510 120 1,315 6,979 163 19, 110 3,222 432 33,430 1,224 766 31,271 2,631 365 3,165 3,406 737 268 4,977 . 1,486 3,447 5,995 66 Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory Maine OO o^ Ofi OO OO ?? ?=i North Dakota ... . . . Ohio V IS Oregon . ?0 41 South Dakota . . -l*^ -l*^ A') Utah '1^ 16 Virginia 47 Washington ■IS West Virginia dO 'V) Wvornine Group 10.— BRONZX; CASXITTGS. (See also Brass castings and brass flnlslilng.) United States Massachusetts New Jersey New York Pennsylvania All other states ^ .,. $1,856,737 127,951 184,493 468,008 619, 240 457,045 $309, 157 800 14,557 110,000 86,000 97,800 $380,842 5,260 16,500 130,000 86,044 143,038 S386, 139 6,932 76, 271 135, 108 88,129 79,699 $780,599 114,959 77, 165 92,900 359,067 136,508 1,230 35 107 157 558 373 1 Includes 2 establishments in Rhode Island. GENERAL TABLES. 123 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 9.— BRICK AND TILf:. (See also Pottery, terra cotta, and Are clay products; and special report on Clay products.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALAKIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Aggregate. Number. Salaries. j 3,69i 60 I 5 34 24 S 21 ! 509 ! 27 il 498 jl 366 Ij 65 96 58 68 50 63 206 132 88 181 13 129 9 32 73 11 213 146 10 704 20 56 445 52 9 108 71 53 11 84 52 29 146 2 101 33 63 13 9 " 19 303 17 176 155 109 67 65 18 76 47 89 52 63 161 50 1 19 70 I 4 243 46 , 15 I 416 i 17 10 ' 424 I 36 6 81 15 7 128 45 48 84 2 $3,530,474 Officers of corporations Number. ; Salaries. Total. Number. Salaries. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc Men. Women. Number. ' Salaries. Number. Salaries. 71,874 37,525 101,948 39,400 64,429 12,840 10,084 17,220 91, olio 2,900 349,845 19,. 540 172,324 145,564 117,212 47,694 50,541 12,881 77,798 41,372 73,222 42,781 44,895 179,025 13,400 40,873 3,000 18,739 67,974 3,600 281,207 24,681 10,200 390, 159 14,660 8,750 355, 133 29,072 3,080 64,769 73,860 12,630 5,180 117,808 37, 150 55,502 73,628 940 903 51,160,404 2,787 $2,370,070 2,008 $2,299,093 179 21,805 50,069 54 8,659 2 76 12 7 127 6 2 93 10,350 35,915 8,600 14,300 I 0,000 2,400 5,800 40,550 99,139 3,390 55,487 51,273 37,345 19,220 8,760 4,280 44, 165 8,200 25,203 13,260 5,400 63,576 3,600 9,220 6,400 22,400 3,000 127,296 8,563 5,950 153,060 6,165 1,650 91,277 5,820 900 20,090 15,320 6,010 2,400 34,315 16,510 19,790 18,260 28 71 2 245 14 131 112 80 43 54 13 53 44 63 43 56 120 7 37 1 16 56 2 167 34 331 30 4 5 101 34 36 67 2 27,175 60,033 30,800 60, 129 6,840 7,684 11,420 51,015 2,900 250,706 16,150 116,837 94,291 79,867 28,474 41,781 8,601 33,633 33,172 48,019 29,531 39,495 115,449 9,800 31,653 3,000 12,339 45,574 600 153,911 16,118 4,250 237,099 9,495 7,100 263,856 23,252 2,180 44,679 58,540 6,620 2,780 83,493 21,640 35,712 55,368 940 08 20 50 I 7 7 14 2 233 14 128 107 71 42 52 12 50 39 55 112 7 36 1 16 51 2 155 34 8 263 11 7 281 30 4 50 68 20, 675 , 04,553 I 2!1,900 76,307 27,874 41,021 8,265 32,801 33,028 47,019 27,531 38,995 111,419 9,800 30, 153 3,000 12,339 42,807 600 149, 195 16,118 4,250 226,773 9,495 6,600 251,613 23,252 2,180 42,924 58,540 6,120 2,780 82,993 21,240 35,232 53, 152 940 870,977 1,410 600 1,480 . 900 4,500 600 760 336 832 144 1,000 2,000 600 4,030 1 1,500 5 2,767 12 4,716 26 10,326 1 60 500 12,243 5 1,755 1 500 500 400 480 2,216 WAGE-EAENERS. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Ijcast number employed at any one time dur- ing tlie year. 116,090 66,940 1,758 52 1,045 2,174 927 1,009 42 514 1,188 090 47,979 I 5 2,150 6,840 7,164 I 1 520 11,420 51,015 2,900 '. ! 243,351 j 12 , 7,355 16,150 114,817 ' 3 2,020 92,414 : 5 I 1,877 1,802 421 446 652 2,454 189 8,867 501 6,916 4,693 2,443 2,183 1,866 786 2,461 2,326 2,943 2,382 1,645 3,820 260 1,768 66 1,145 3,278 118 12,094 2,618 301 10,671 396 648 11,431 1,692 132 2,109 2,271 609 224 3,382 971 1,251 3,188 26 412 130 67 312 1,252 117 4,008 294 3,237 2,415 1,362 1,086 656 418 904 865 1,546 1,070 1,053 2,085 187 628 41 364 99 6,683 1,310 167 6,244 216 285 6,173 806 1,333 1,179 260 89 1,669 521 507 1,502 6 Group 10.— bronze: CASTINGS. (See also Brass castings and brass flnlsliing.) 20 74 $106,970 19 $51,372 56 $55,598 48 $51,978 7 $3,620 922 662 1 2 4 7. 3 4 5 3 26 26 15 4,852 3,215 24,680 45,133 29,090 2 2,200 3 3 24 19 6 2,652 3,215 21,560 22,731 5,440 2 3 19 19 5 2,028 3,215 19,044 22,731 4,960 1 624 55 119 425 223 100 34 87 308 ■ 165 68 2 3 1 7 9 3,120 22,402 23,660 6 2,516 4 5 1 480 6 » Includes establishments distributed as follows: Connecticut, 2; Illinois, 2; Indiana, 1; Iowa, 1; Ohio, 2; Rhode Island, 1. 124 MANUFACTURES. Table 3.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 9.— BKICK ANB TII.E— Continued. STATE OR TEEKITOKY. WAGE-EAKNEKS AND WAGES. United States. Alabama.. Arizona... Arkansas . California. Colorado . . Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia. Florida Georgia 12 Idaho 13 Illinois .14 i Indian Territory . 15 ! Indiana 16 ' Iowa 17 Kansas 18 Kentucky . 19 I Louisiana. 20 ' Maine 21 I iVIaryland. Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri 27 1 Montana 28 i Nebraska 29 I Nevada 30 I New Hampshire. 31 ■ New Jersey 32 I New Mexico 33 New York 34 j North Carolina. 35 ! North Dakota.. 36 1 Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania... South Carolina . South Dakota . . Tennessee . Texas Utah Vermont . . Virginia... Washington... West Virginia . Wisconsin Wyoming Average number. 6,021 1,044 30 526 1,357 495 1,041 209 257 425 1,446 72 8,463 217 3,336 2,633 1,800 1,114 1,027 330 1,464 1,098 1,436 993 903 2,337 97 905 21 527 1,947 64 6,737 1,079 117 19 0, 184 264 ,561 875 1,234 1,308 291 108 1,964 512 763 1,638 Wages. S2S, 646, 005 301, 224 20,380 186, 308 825, 346 322, 235 475, 205 86,941 90, 528 108, .598 350, 194 44, 891 3,052,436 104, 219 1,402,850 1,241,596 840, 679 362, 138 398, 784 164, 719 534,002 495, 759 650, 640 466, 478 271, 806 1, 118, 690 76, 666 471, 426 15, 816 228,979 784, 202 31,409 3, 160, 797 247,050 59, 825 2,941,685 81, 669 131, 563 3, 212, 829 184, 292 27,401 378,043 470,007 172, 598 46, 811 680, 140 305, 839 329, 995 685,725 5,714 Men 16 years and over. Average number. 64, 612 956 30 508 1,342 1,031 207 246 418 1,361 71 5,388 216 3, 272 2,591 1,794 1,077 982 328 1,458 1,096 1,406 974 831 2,233 95 882 21 624 1,920 57 6,713 1,018 116 6,652 183 261 7,414 861 1,185 1,257 273 108 1,872 510 764 1,591 Wages. S28, 406, 967 288, 756 20, 380 183, 779 821,076 318,497 471,921 85,437 89, 377 107, 810 340, 896 44, 480 3,038,348 104,069 1, 393, 4.50 1,234,940 839, 623 368,072 390, 276 164, 172 533, 152 495,069 644, 186 462,373 259,048 1,096, .521 76, 020 466, 285 15, 816 228, 493 778, 425 29,896 3,166,063 240, 432 59, 625 2,929,460 81, 130, 3, 186, 181, 27, 371, 461, 169, 46, 1167, Women 16 years and over. Average number. 305, 545 328, 284 677, 551 5,714 Wages. S8, 656 220 1,934 121 146 437 210 306 a58 1,646 240 162 255 Children imder 16 years. Average number. 1,373 37 45 1 6 1 27 16 72 104 2 23 7 24 61 1 61 1 3 147 24 Wages, $230, 382 12, 248 2,529 4,271 3,738 1,360 604 1,151 788 9,299 411 13, 926 150 9,279 6,510 1,056 4,066 8,608 110 850 290 6,624 3,475 12, 758 22, 169 645 4,930 181 4,919 1,513 5,734 6,618 200 10, 579 300 900 26, 168 2,486 6,235 8,467 3,546 12, 239 294 1,549 7,919 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES, Total, $6, 969, 161 76, 445 10,959 89, 912 210. 795 67,349 111, 226 32, 511 20, 826 19, 439 167, 608 8,762 831, 309 23,176 328, 430 297, 636 169, 855 109, 381 101, 696 21, 721 85,163 112,412 134. 796 94, 822 43,095 357, 546 13, 788 61,343 2,697 51,287 144, 401 1,768 730,066 35, 574 11, 121 691, 707 32, 757 26,924 878, 788 42,034 6,837 112, 728 94, 730 22,013 9,815 176, 890 60,645 101, 495 130, 430 2,553 Rent of works. $395, 405 4,190 962 2,739 2,910 8,335 1, .595 302 3,087 50 35, 376 566 9,764 13, 276 11, 124 2,231 7,599 1,852 3,974 4,364 12, 106 525 522 9,848 410 1,310 163 270 11, 600 180 84,297 1,525 677 19, 314 486 1,860 114, 941 1,788 6,515 462 904 2,300 2,186 595 1,148 6,200 Taxes, not including internal $503,951 4,677 437 4,660 11,387 7,329 439 1,319 978 6,151 553 38, 566 1,502 27, 322 20, 465 21, 642 6,455 7,564 4,035 10,981 19, 791 11,984 8,238 5,359 28,133 1,491 6,677, 202 3,817 12, 848 346 52, 319 3,406 492 66,506 1,776 2,154 47,939 2,994 823 4,943 6,920 1,202 404 11,281 4,830 5,100 17, 614 58 Group 10 BRONZi: CASTINGS— Continued. 1 United States 798 $501,054 778 $496,217 13 $3,327 7 $1,510 $114,524 $8,974 $8,967 •> 45 lOO 375 193 86 29,465 53, 172 240, 714 128,863 48.840 44 83 376 192 84 29,240 49,288 240, 714 128, 656 48,320 1 11 225 2,582 11,401 8,377 25,600 39,865 29,291 835 654 5,100 720 1,665 977 1,551 3,245 1,881 1,313 3 6 1,302 New York e; 1 208 6 All other states. 1 620 GENERAL TABLES. 125 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 9.— BRICK AND TH,!;:— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent of offices, inteiest, etc. S5, 775, 935 Contract work. 65,162 10, 522 82,240 179,080 50,560 94, 04S .30. 477 8, 208 18. 4til 109, 210 4,959 753,004 , 21,109 I. 282,534 259,737 1 125, 208 95,345 ! 86,358 16,134 ' 63,388 1 87,876 91,932 73,036 35,525 297,539 53,056 2,332 44,950 118, 567 1,242 578, 370 26,976 8,333 591, 497 30,496 22,920 709, 673 37,252 6,014 74, 615 87,181 19,907 4,293 151, 649 54,020 95, 247 107,011 1,295 $293,870 2,416 2,050 17,589 6,550 49,160 3,200 4,364 8.810 4.158 11,881 5,350 75 700 6,820 391 18, 774 13,023 1,689 22,026 3,500 300 2,250 1,386 15,080 3,667 1,619 24, 391 6,235 26,655 1,167 2,818 11,774 1,200 605 1,200 COST OF MATEKIALS USED. Aggregate. S16,316,499 204, 026 16, 475 196, 543 334, 617 164, 498 198, 159 26, 485 46, 218 64,919 366,069 27, 415 1,705,475 61, 461 981,889 838,139 444, 161 175, 692 209, 662 117, 500 227, 140 425,142 290,302 177, 423 668,876 277, 174 6,265 151,118 336, 988 17,605 1,368,045 167, 476 34, 345 1,632,821 76, 476 63,009 1, 599, 252 177, 268 20,305 264,971 365, 613 68,270 20,724 428, 521 149, 339 209, 971 553, 370 2,413 Principal materials. Total. 14,9li4 6,399 8,611 41,718 26,009 18, 054 1,969 480 16,660 3,949 1,934 113,862 1,845 152, 440 60,136 22, 692 6,486 12,329 13,861 14,855 36,365 17,198 30,296 65, 955 8,103 18, 336 76 2,966 66, 120 1,145 240,260 7,476 560 150, 963 620 6,916 158, 565 5,985 3,347 17, 326 27, 457 533 1,660 34,067 3,240 45, 431 26, 656 25 Purchased in raw state. $918, 437 ,513 3,120 29, 728 23,065 13,894 » 1, 139 460 487 1,100 79,223 210 71,178 27, 442 41,063 17,880 837 7,691 11,098 13, 101 16, 352 4,477 25,202 25,321 4,527 14, 594 76 2,032 44,046 176, 881 2,007 636 106, 989 455 704 79, 818 914 1,732 6,599 14,587 527 1,305 20,971 855 8,681 8,022 Purchased in parti allj' manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). Fuel. $665,010 $13,683,834 6,451 6,399 5,391 11,990 2,944 4,160 830 20 16,173 2,849 1,934 34, 639 1,635 81, 262 42, 227 19,073 4,812 5,649 4,638 2,763 1,754 21,013 12, 721 5,094 40,634 3, 576 3,742 933 21,074 1,145 63,379 5,469 25 43, 964 165 5,212 78, 747 5,071 1,616 10, 727 12,870 6 346 13,096 2,385 86, 750 17,634 25 180,001 9,661 180, 725 268,811 132, 562 173, 155 23,942 44, 827 46, 408 321, 032 22, 683 1,506,416 45, 877 695, 464 725, 606 349, 291 145, 502 189,817 103, 016 • 206, 352 306, 871 366, 351 262, 969 140,770 679, 675 25, 593 248, 103 4,990 142, 484 266, 779 15, 986 977, 849 154, 538 32,883 1,371,519 70, 779 56,002 1, 259, 629 148, 765 15, 478 235, 405 318,054 68, 946 18, 079 359, 213 128, 844 146, 620 508, 374 2,348 Rent of power and heat. $46, 126 910 9,526 1,866 350 450 2,400 1,712 1,211 600 125 537 800 760 710 1,500 1,125 897 5,618 ■ 62 362 817 1,270 6,540 230 4,633 126 Mill sup- plies. $565, 427 7,547 415 6,097 8,976 2,973 5,495 245 911 1,861 17,888 58, 107 3,739 27, 116 20. 625 21, 168 6,596 13, 084 1,618 6,144 6,897 9,667 6,831 5,135 16,027 873 10, 251 76 3,606 7,306 474 34, 774 4,388 342 63, 335 1,878 1,090 104, 899 6,146 449 12, 240 7,371 2,230 215 12, 637 4,672 18,072 15. 626 40 Freight. $638, 665 1,514 300 5,587 1,098 1,105 329 21, 760 25, 378 105, 668 21, 739 13, 576 1,778 275 783 1,182 12,059 3,564 512 7,219 2,000 484 2,063 109, 544 1,012 560 46, 652 3, 199 1 75, 442 16, 102 1,031 12, 731 21 550 22,604 7,950 848 .3,589 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. $71,152,062 846, 866 45,881 792, 426 1,915,561 817,019 1,081,147 205,236 185, 748 236, 634 1, 337, 372 112,770 7, 546, 409 248, 931 3,818,238 3,361,776 1,907,343 886,736 972, 523 420, 111 1,097,072 1,170,710 1,650,988 1, 227, 136 782, 842 2, 598, 861 178, 675 1,131,913 37,905 529, 008 1,830,080 80,910 7, 430, 151 695, 708 170,257 7, 136, 030 261,438 316, 122 7, 279, 915 665, 831 83, 766 1, 100, 398 1, 304, 663 345, 806 104, 2.35 1,803,680 675, 124 870, 200 1,847,727 17, 195 Group 10 — BKOIVZE: CASTINGS— Continued. $96,583 $1,688,831 $1,613,164 $524 $1, 612, 640 $40, 370 $4,256 $22, 119 $8,923 $2,622,495 1 9,689 6, 172 17,255 37,254 26,313 179, 277 62, 836 363,741 837,492 245,485 170, 467 59,253 355, 711 796, 406 232, 327 10 170, 457 59,253 355,211 796, 402 232, 317 3,647 2,235 4,726 22, 535 7,228 1,110 45 900 76 112 2,105 19,096 730 3,977 1,191 300 455 3,000 246,282 157, 161 696,948 1, 127, 382 394,732 S 500 4 10 rf 5 2,200 6 126 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14 BROOMS AND BRUSHES. STATE" OR TERRITORY. United States . Alabama Arkansas California. .. Colorado Connecticut . Georgia Illinois Indian Territory. Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentuclty. Louisiana. Maine Maryland . Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire. New Jersey New York North Carolina-. Ohio Oklahoma . Oregon Pennsylvania.. Rhode Island.. South Dakota. Tennessee. Texas Utah Virginia... Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states'. Number of estab- lish- ments. 1,316 129 5 61 58 34 176 3 111 7 3 162 a 3 25 28 3 16 9 6 35 12 Total. 812,052,236 8, 156 30, 440 121,322 22, 550 86, 876 88. 382 631,452 11,064 383, 375 193,710 121,672 112,329 8,325 29,225 794, 806 1,853,939 375, 371 100, 836 302,551 206, 284 77, 962 384,029 3, 308, 192 7,200 1,031,610 16,718 40,100 961,181 81,049 12, 570 46,427 88, 363 1,465 22,209 39,560 36, 435 271,025 144,676 Land. S654,061 25 6,250 7,600 800 5,175 3,700 69,816 600 18, 760 12,981 19, 805 7,535 500 1,650 39, 397 86, 416 28, 648 6,110 40, 836 8,626 1,000 12,860 142,986 600 33,325 1,200 100 51,325 5,480 100 3,410 5,960 460 3,330 3,500 2,000 20, 930 11.400 Buildings. $1,331,143 275 6,900 2,200 600 10, 650 9,200 120, 806 1,490 59,062 42,434 25, 720 6,750 1,000 4,200 72,971 148, 725 38, 706 9,850 61,115 36,299 3,500 27,350 317, 485 450 147,315 1,615 2,500 73,800 8,600 520 3,900 12,875 350 3,070 13,950 6,000 29,911 29, 200 Machinery, tools, and implements. $1,772,153 1,050 9.510 26,570 9,250 17,823 16, 560 76, 234 2,734 69, 163 34, 500 15,240 15,486 2,615 6,225 99, 770 149,032 56, 492 14,158 36, 169 19,938 11,660 84,041 482,969 950 226, 522 3,130 11,000 149,516 16, 233 1,150 11,060 16, 189 290 3,129 6,410 7,180 52,690 22,725 Cash and sun- dries. $8,294,879 6,806 7,780 86, 952 12,000 63, 328 69,932 374, 698 6,240 246, 400 103, 796 60,907 82, 558 4,210 17, 150 682, 668 1, 470, 767 262, 525 70, 718 174, 432 141,522 61,902 269, 788 2, 364, 763 6,200 624, 348 10, 773 26,500 686, 640 60, 736 10,800 28,067 63, 339 375 12,680 16,700 20, 265 167, 594 81,251 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 566 Total horse- power. 2 62 55 16 130 37 626 10 363 161 47 44 6 39 324 392 305 57 87 97 127 180 1,337 50 1,066 10 29 467 112 2 52 45 33 182 105 Group 1.— BUTTER. (See also Cheese; Condensed milk; and special report on Butter, cheese, and condensed milk.) United States. Arizona Arkansas California... Colorado Connecticut . Delaware . Georgia... Idaho Illinois Indiana... Iowa Kansas Kentucky. Maine Maryland . . Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire. New Jersey New York North Dakota... Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania . . South Dakota . Tennessee. Texas Utah Vermont.. Virginia. . . Washington Wisconsin Wyoming All other states^. 6,235 5 3 231 12 41 12 349 63 607 67 3 36 56 36 203 712 37 36 4 31 29 543 56 154 3 67 519 97 3 10 39 172 68 902 5 4 $30, 080, 419 $1,762,633 20,100 860 150,306 57, 630 11,300 2,200 7,400 2,886 96, 861 17, 635 159,277 144,545 250 22,128 6,355 12,925 45, 265 162, 277 67,064 68, 248 1,370 8, 6.50 7,120 172,409 8,132 78, 655 800 18,825 19,158,088 1^4, 495 18,938 250 5,070 10,926 37,666 1,800 20,418 189,170 600 2,050 36, 073 3,000 316, 142 78,771 61,603 11,600 7,600 14, 660 541,030 77,685 973,018 398, 8S5 1.600 103, 481 38,9.58 86, 101 302, 613 1,139,088 96, 662 429,709 27,807 66, 750 36, 481 1,115,930 88,132 275, 641 2,000 51,660 818, 363 158,808 2,000 7,150 72,730 288, 671 3,400 56, 636 l,,Vi.l260 5,400 3, 300 $11,800,637 89, 792 5,300 620, 930 136, 466 .35, 171 33, 226 10, 500 15,960 661,686 136, 384 1,097,626 710,350 4,400 69,311 86, 837 38,804 453,317 1, 414, 675 210, 320 454, 998 16, 100 52,605 64, 260 1,309,137 338,715 8,650 1.53, 177 1,101,335 213, 285 3,660 16,780 117,078 319.301 3,900 162, 679 1,543,826 12, 631 3,600 $7,359,061 34, 756 2,060 439, 266 278, 537 61,373 16, J22 800 7,780 245, 929 88,128 576, 805 700, 770 13, 100 171,481 44, 778 73, 727 179, 625 475,819 145, 736 899, 866 11.7,<7 31,001 28, 620 549, 437 14, 326 156, 849 4,250 152, 870 672, 831 93, 108 2,500 6,470 188, 097 280, 324 1,020 265, 192 534, 630 19, 452 1,9.50 5 3 225 12 40 11 347 62 605 63 3 36 65 36 202 704 36 35 4 29 29 520 50 152 3 65 517 ' 94 34 170 64 881 5 77, 777 263 42 2,713 430 299 165 64 116 4,702 814 9,648 2,400 37 443 676 364 2,777 11, 150 629 865 67 494 353 8,441 618 2,125 91 641 8,666 1,410 21 62 776 2,382 14 775 12,340 83 32 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Delaware, 1; Vermont, 1; Wyoming, 1. District of Columbia, 2; Florida, 2; Idaho, 1; Mississippi, 2; North Dakota, 1; South Carolina, 1; GENERAL TABLES. 127 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 14.— BROOmS AND BRUSHES. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. 1,551 7 10 59 7 18 14 129 7 66 65 52 43 5 10 40 63 40 207 4 135 4 173 12 5 40 34 5 19 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEKKS, ETC. Aggregate. Number, 982 Salaries. $924, 795 600 2.500 3,100 1,800 6, 670 5,420 66,518 38 20 5 11 1 26 10 39 14 11 29 250 45, 431 16, 377 4,856 10, 860 1,200 1,900 59,945 99, 169 23,233 6,220 25, 936 12,823 13, 630 23, 209 233, 325 122,433 2,400 82,884 5,032 1,936 4,786 948 1,260 2,760 26, 179 9,455 Officers of corporations Number. Salaries. 3245.095 240 '4,656 15,400 4,500 3,200 1,000 11,900 11,953 2,000 8,936 3,400 53,770 38, 850 15,350 11,872 100 General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Total. Number. 837 26 222 Salaries. $679,700 600 2,500 2,SB0 1,800 2,020 4,220 39,820 30,031 11,877 1,666 10, 860 1,200 900 48,045 76, 469 16,147 6,220 13,983 10,823 4,694 19,809 179, 565 83,583 2,400 67,534 5,032 948 1,260 2,760 14,307 9,355 Men. Number. 19 12 2 11 1 1 44 64 15 9 24 11 3 22 182 Salaries. $602,406 60U 2,600 2,860 1,800 1,500 3,820 35, 302 27,094 10,369 1,656 10,800 1,200 900 46, 867 63,052 13,739 5,860 13,045 9,963 2,717 17,921 157,064 74,005 1,800 60,074 4,200 1,936 4,236 1,260 2; 160 12, 402 8,705 Women. Number. 165 Salaries. $77, 295 520 400 4,528 2,937 1,508 1,178 13,417 2,408 360 938 870 1,977 1,888 22,491 9,578 600 7,460 832 250 WAGE-EAKNEES. Greatest Least number number employed employed at any one at anv one time dur- time dur- ing the ing the year. year. 13, 669 9,912 1 25 18 2 44 38 3 175 126 4 30 24 5 161 116 6 141 104 7 866 614 8 17 7 9 534 350 10 306 244 11 180 124 12 92 60 13 60 49 14 48 39 15 ■ 699 352 16 1,631 1,255 17 578 397 18 163 122 19 310 197 20 97 59 21 114 74 22 460 345 23 3,690 2,644 24 22 16 25 1,126 913 26 38 26 27 57 53 28 1,033 762 29 151 93 30 14 12 31 153 111 ,32 159 133 33 5 3 M 69 55 35 29 17 36 62 42 ;-!7 234 186 .38 147 133 39 Group 1.— BUTTER. (See also Cheese; Condensed milk; and special report on Butter, cheese, and condensed milk.) 3,497 2 3 218 8 ' 17 14 4 4 233 51 313 67 6 16 71 12 91 254 26 20 18 26 479 17 134 4 72 495 32 2 12 34 85 6 49 606 3 5 7 1 113 28 28 S976, 069 7,460 1,000 65, 779 31,156 16,289 2,160 13 211 60 777 100 3 23 6 47 139 222 49 113 1 20 5 109 24 50 1 32 267 126 2 23 121 38 252 3 1,712 53, 474 17,298 134,881 73, 861 2,650 8,911 2,306 9,330 47,001 61,066 32, 648 102,063 240 6,188 1,170 60,429 1,491 14,860 208 16,046 62,221 26,293 1,198 15, 770 26, 523 30, 602 50,286 2,520 12 133 $260,762 3,180 14,312 9,000 2,120 312 7,434 2,656 29, 110 20,360 3,354 60 14,266 11,175 6,408 30,300 620 '23,"i66' 6,700 20,489 5,970 4,800 5,356 13,030 26,266 12 192 48 680 81 3 20 4 47 70 217 44 99 1 17 5 74 24 47 1 21 240 122 2 20 114 26 119 3 $716,307 4,280 1,000 61,467 22,166 13,169 2, 160 1,400 40,040 14, 643 106, 771 63, 601 2,660 5,557 2,246 9,330 32,745 49,890 26,240 71,753 240 5,568 1,170 37,323 1,491 14, 460 208 9,346 31,732 20, 323 1,198 10,970 21,168 17,672 24, 020 2,520 2,283 4 1 69 23 25 12 181 46 44 62 207 33 74 1 14 5 71 24 14 234 114 1 19 105 22 101 2 $628, 130 4,280 1,000 42,897 21,320 13,145 1,740 1,400 40,752 14, 033 94,039 43,234 2,650 3,266 2,246 8,624 31,083 46,022 20, 456 58,051 240 4,458 1,170 36,083 1,491 13,116 6,006 30,428 16,752 1,000 10, 520 18, 798 16,072 19,839 1,920 218 7,177 8,670 836 24 420 5,288 610 11,732 10,267 2,291 706 1,662 3,868 5, 784 13, 702 1,110 'i,'246 1,346 208 3,340 1,304 3,671 198 450 2,370 1,500 4,181 600 11,604 48 4 527 109 99 30 17 15 624 180 1,380 472 12 91 92 74 5.53 1,121 233 363 10 74 ' 60 1,271 78 290 15 131 1,112 246 3 7 103 457 4 245 1,446 14 4 9,278 28 4 443 66 95 25 10 14 504 159 1,031 337 12 78 82 65 469 1,010 123 201 10 58 44 926 60 251 8 106 983 193 202 1,233 11 4 32 33 34 36 30 37 38 39 40 2 Includes establishments distributed as foliowsr Montana, 2; Rhode Island, 1; West Virginia, 1. 128 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Gronp 14.— BKOOMS AND BRUSHES— Continued. STATE OE TEERITOEY. United States. Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Georgia Illinois Indian Territory — Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states United States Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington Wisconsin Wyoming All other states "WAGE-EARNEES AND "WAGES. Total. Average ! m„„„g number. wages. 11,425 $4,380,220 19 3S 153 27 136 I 112 711 10 437 272 133 64 55 43 442 1,436 505 140 226 68 90 390 3,182 14 942 32 44 848 127 13 130 138 3 47 17 45 204 134 7,184 17,600 80, 663 18,274 53,328 27,994 334, 182 3,914 139, 167 89, 205 55, 389 22,632 24, 728 17,591 167,350 462, 234 156,392 62,921 101,558 27, 500 35,729 157, 626 1,220,311 3,221 366, 836 16,064 17, 476 365,296 48, 490 6,000 42,032 62, 469 1,450 13,327. 8,883 17, 802 87, 584 40,829 Men 16 years and over. Average number. 18 31 144 24 92 110 541 182 101 51 55 24 377 248 135 206 65 57 235 2,200 10 719 30 34 644 41 13 121 119 2 43 14 37 178 116 Wages. $3,646,946 7,136 15, 780 78,043 17,074 42, 734 27,724 288,967 3,714 121, 120 72, 732 47, 253 20,352 24,728 14,063 156,971 287, 627 121,466 61,979 96,807 26,850 25, 265 118,995 1,015,930 2,973 314, 452 14, 240 14, 475 320, 702 23,220 6,000 40,637 59, 177 1,350 12,939 8,123 15, 235 83,253 37,860 Women 16 years and over. Average number. 3,054 6 7 3 41 2 153 19 36 837 234 33 144 926 1 10 117 Wages. $652, 227 1,820 2,100 1,200 10,021 270 41,813 14, 697 13,660 2,319 1,391 3,628 6,938 168, 453 31,232 742 1,850 10, 464 36, 732 192, 637 47,962 512 3,000 28,245 25, 270 156 180 150 400 1,307 2,758 620 Children under 16 years. Average number. 87 Wages. $81,047 520 '573' 3,402 200 3,340 2,813 6,817 4,441 6,154 3,694 200 2,901 650 1,899 11,844 248 4,422 312 '16,349' 1,239 3,112 100 238 360 1,260 1,573 2,449 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. $1,700,016 1,328 5,641 20,941 5, 145 14, 186 4,832 141,009 2,031 54,060 37,908 15,064 39,987 511 I 2,368 69, 841 201, 128 49, 462 14,607 46, 314 62,313 19, 105 52, 254 416, 680 434 196, 856 4,018 2,236 124, 253 6,656 1,349 6,198 18,940 173 2,111 5,531 6,047 33,933 15, 577 Bent of works. $216, 635 484 244 7,174 2,040 2,557 1,720 16, 498 276 3,691 2,273 2,374 2,613 312 769 7,628 18, 181 3,892 2,383 7,629 659 1,345 7,594 68,999 120 11,563 480 1,200 30,832 1,438 311 2,198 1,487 24 406 695 516 4,740 590 Gronp 1,— BUTXEK—Continued. 9,530 30 4 446 86 95 26 14 12 507 164 1,121 392 12 74 64 456 998 136 251 10 61 43 963 63 241 11 100 946 192 1 6 87 376 3 206 1,252 11 2 55,405,872 21, 892 2,240 321, 461 51, 654 67, 155 12,038 3,964 9,380 294, 341 86,543 667, 569 178, 606 6,290 44, 580 29,036 40,803 237, 218 607, 248 64, 371 135, 787 9,030 35, 481 21,075 623, 202 37, 256 147, 403 6,080 63,289 442, 441 125,360 520 3,610 49, 357 200, 281 1,236 141, 119 719,614 7,034 1,319 9,277 30 4 436 67 95 25 14 12 491 163 1,093 343 12 72 76 63 446 995 125 218 10 59 41 965 .53 237 10 96 928 190 1 5 81 370 3 199 1,247 10 2 $6, 326, 662 21, 892 2,240 317,749 45,932 67, 155 12,038 3,964 9,380 288, 840 86, 333 658,938 161,225 6,290 44, 194 28, 486 40, 179 234, 668 606, 678 61,870 123, 563 0,030 34,581 20, 590 520, 718 37, 266 146, 538 - 5,880 62,305 436,029 124,641 520 3,610 48, 130 199,316 1,236 138, 607 718, 449 6,494 1,319 218 $73, 536 3,702 5,722 5,196 210 8,011 15, 500 386 330 624 2,514 480 2,436 12, 224 $6, 674 305 620 1,881 136 90 66 900 360 2,328 660 200 984 i,188 819 126 156 205 1,224 830 965 397 1,457 970 540 1,056 195 $2,811,247 12, 226 553 163,942 54,i635 24, 391 9,447 1,246 6,714 108, 748 144,533 354, 613 120, 862 3,016 39, 110 11, 380 11,839 107, 504 282, 453 95, 700 184, 959 2,433 21,928 10,909 197, 867 10, 443 39, 720 1,631 35, 704 162, 716 57,253 178 1,835 44, 404 95, 446 1,411 48,289 339,006 1,715 499 $181,228 60 32, 735 5,586 360 956 500 9,493 702 12, 696 1,952 1,060 440 1,644 306 2,371 12, 398 4,689 5,680 463 1,124 15,017 1,207 4,465 300 5,151 22,388 1,298 120 750 6,486 7,335 108 8,146 13,060 360 144 Taxes, not including internal revenue. $67, 627 72 195 763 269 558 482 4,139 14 2,518 1,077 797 476 67 186 3, ,582 11, 1.57 3,378 479 1,399 603 370 1,225 8,087 39 8,894 139 275 2,006 768 38 97 560 39 156 263 177 1,255 $168, 510 944 67 8,962 834 792 187 260 426 7,139 8,554 17,018 8,081 145 2,177 743 1,425 6,827 16,435 2,715 7,426 370 1,111 582 14,587 956 5,113 161 1,963 9,832 2,684 18 100 2,118 5,249 65 2,419 20,930 105 10 GENERAL TABLES. 129 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905- MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. SI, 221, 970 , 4:i5,593 11,222 496 121,6.56 48,215 23, 249 8,304 98.5 5,788 91,065 135,277 321,591 110, 829 1,821 i 36, 493 8,993 10, 109 98,306 263,104 88,396 171,953 2,063 20,354 9,203 166,914 8,280 29, 692 1,180 28,590 129, 978 52,909 40 985 35,080 62,306 1,238 37, 725 299,009 1,250 345 Aggregate. S203, 7S4 (II .5.202 '.... 13.014 2,846 10. 891 180 2,630 91, 724 29, 648 1,741 I 47,851 100 34,558 i 11,893 12, 105 24. 793 132 : 1,213 , 200 46,621 , 12.010 171,790 I 42, 382 11,745 I 26,676 I 9,610 31,370 , 29,681 16,630 ' 760 29,698 \ 13,737 325,304 14,290 275 \ 114, 168 62, 231 3,399 : 760 90,615 i 800 4, 423 ! 27 1,000 I 3,753 i 150 16,893 ! 110 1,549 4,573 5,354 27,928 ' 10 8,382 I 5,557 $35,916 451 3,408 1,339 518 362 720 20, 656 0,007 64,227 307,987 2, 848, 891 11,335 820, 992 24,894 23,370 813, 216 64,488 12, 246 89,067 141,814 2,305 31,535 29,678 41,736 168,561 174, 865 $101,290,711 189. 644 27. 879 5,760,823 1,013,639 670, 321 159, 846 26, 817 128, 607 5, 350, 871 910, 681 12, 662, 571 3, 170, 774 47,852 1,009,112 399, 297 778, 851 4,013,896 10, 894, 700 981,086 2,657,741 161, 120 710, 118 317, 752 10, 955, 980 474, 344 2, 196, 695 65, 741 1, 156, 148 7,920,511 1, 833, 366 9,527 48,985 739,518 5, 435, 408 16, 180 1, 768, 376 16,601,816 94, 944 29,184 $10,998,946 11,400 27.9;i."> 153,959 i 26,8,S.S S4.:»5 123,424 867,572 6,404 380,617 216,037 110, 4.50 237, 520 50, 331 47, 254 604,980 1,476,575 292, 065 149, 072 237, 031 223.971 -Continued. Group 14 BRUOIUS AND BKUSHES— e'oiitiniiirl. COST OF MATERIALS USED. I'rincipal iiinti-rials. Total. SIO, lUiS, 144 Purchased in raw state. 86, 686, 305 11,290 27, 310 145, 362 26,485 82,807 122,206 862,684 6,106 355,045 201,277 106,714 236, 219 47,293 46,071 591,445 1, 452, 556 281,948 145, 530 231,231 198,542 62, 734 301, 177 2,776,498 11, 300 797, 186 23, .367 22,900 780,696 61.050 11,650 87, 536 140,322 2,257 30, 632 28, 102 39,336 157, 326 166,956 899, 020, 230 176, 724 27, 262 5, 665, 026 985, 379 660, 290 156, 463 26, 260 126, 216 6,193,654 885,998 12, 383, 619 3, 012, 266 47, 180 974, 343 388, 258 . 769, 392 3, 924, 007 10, 587, .369 967, 370 2,581,152 157, 962 696, 407 310, 625 10, 754, 846 459, 599 2, 160, 605 62, 125 1, 129, 762 7, 774, 917 1, 785, 383 9,253 47, 493 728, 612 6, 349, 676 15,830 1, 748, 591 16, 169, 804 92, 619 28,893 Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). 83,981,839 8,900 21,270 107, 332 18,400 24,610 101,040 462, 501 4,201 167, 162 146, 037 70, 254 178, 817 39,646 30,750 475, 3.59 1,007,119 133, 869 106, 351 119,522 160, 526 29, 132 136, 175 1,700,049 8,700 435, 290 14, 505 18,605 488, 411 10, 068 8,675 66, 096 91,205 1,850 23, 463 21,975 29,920 90,857 127, 763 2,390 6,040 38,030 8,086 58, 197 21, 166 390, 183 1,904 187, 883 55,240 36, 460 56, 402 7,647 15. .321 116, 086 445, 437 148, 079 39, 179 111,709 38,016 33,602 165.002 1,076,449 2,600 361,896 8,862 4,396 292,285 60,982 2,975 21,440 49, 117 407 7,169 6,127 9,415 66, 469 39, 193 j?^uel. $87,013 Rent of power and heat. 15 215 495 240 5,868 2,189 2,237 655 466 233 4,368 10, 394 3,240 887 939 439 36 2,333 26, 311 11,498 63 265 6,242 1,283 45 442 1,185 16 149 111 211 2,942- 1,700 I Group l.—BUTTEK— Continued. $95,635,770 $3,384,460 I 170,100 i 25,972 5, 576, 933 941, 695 651,925 164, 338 24, 800 121,779 5,032,391 859, 067 11,941,289 2,621,137 46, 876 931,3.50 374, 355 762, 490 3,795,4.53 10, 223, 584 929, 892 2, 468, 894 1.55, 7.58 r.72, 009 303, 112 10, 386, 730 436, 791 2,095,991 58,380 1,099,391 7,641,969 1, 710, 869 9,053 46, 060 705, 948 5, 146, 870 15, 668 1,707,719 15, 682, 271 88,540 28, 332 6, IG4 1,290 88, 093 43, 684 8, 365 2,125 460 4,437 161, 263 26, 931 442, 330 391, 129 306 42,993 13,903 16,902 128, .554 363, 785 37, 478 112, 258 2,204 24, .398 7, 513 368,116 22, 808 64,614 3, 745 30, 371 132,948 74, 524 200 1, 433 22, 064 202, 806 162 40, 872 487,633 4,079 561 12, 340 562 59, 460 6,209 6,113 3,115 1,477 1,904 116,515 20, 702 218, 410 57, 086 536 10,511 7,903 li.619 .55,942 239, 240 7,689 17, 634 2,990 11,195 6,142 176, 198 10, 945 30, 708 1,326 9,646 113,637 37, 826 235 1,065 9,792 56,043 326 12, 663 276, 280 1,020 286 841,332 72 60 1,740 258 134 770 3,551 271 657 459 400 288 240 100 272 4,360 700 1,000 2,042 356 708 1,825 13, 106 30 1,664 240 75 2,380 594 150 120 30 383 30 1,427 360 Mill sup- plies. $18,001 23 ID 88 30 188 208 ' 576 ! 10 220 514 Freight. $183, 866 848,019 10, 633 6,922 200 1,366 2,171 100 51 3167, 675 1,860 2,712 4,692 5,998 1,094 485 239 180 1,249 2,817 290 175 368 2,108 1,434 820 580 65 5,771 670 411 268 80 212 15, 672 1,820 23,382 4,972 87 564 913 698 9,713 23, 040 873 2,271 3,695 110 1,061 13, 256 3,263 37 137 879 6,729 24 1,610 I 28,286 i 135 6 340 C, 274 116 333 4,893 18 22,606 11.550 116 2,566 60 1,498 10 2,788 40 810 705 8,190 3,434 5,831 544 6,623 360 1,296 319 2,500 20 24, 614 462 287 923 1,729 4,082 29,894 5 1,481 9, 163 8 1,216 130 893 23,005 219 1,342 400 121 488 95 92 3 30 6 719 21 961 30 2,130 934 5,932 1,124 4,725 8447, 599 19, 933 14, 569 3,507 75 23, 664 2,161 34, 989 96, 450 50 23, .594 2,172 2 242 22! 374 42, 339 462 50, 686 131 37 1,103 1,358 557 428 3,895 9,947 811 2,504 1,448 2,000 14, 430 15,885 6,884 3,404 26, 013 360 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom worlc and repairing. 821, 103, 776 29,150 2 70,583 3 318, 140 4 60, .3.50 5 188,800 6 193, 282 7 1,687,395 8 14,738 9 699,933 10 400, 495 11 220, 765 12 366, 494 13 85,097 14 96,076 15 996, 709 16 2,5.52,730 17 611, 890 IX 293, 771 19 527,791 20 362,288 21 145,053 22 699,204 23 5,401,887 24 17,888 25 1, 726, 176 26 57,623 27 52, 825 28 1,707,880 29 186, 796 ,30 24,041 31 181, 693 32 258,024 33 4,660 34 58,975 35 52, 638 36 84, 101 37 376,941 ,38 291,104 39 3118, .520, ! 267, 495 33, 081 6,891,992 1,198,839 814,703 197,422 38, 878 162,896 6,292,428 1,162,171 876, 958 4,769,116 12, ,561, 782 1,246,513 3, 308, 944 196, 661 841,545 395, 499 12, 775, 608 556,910 2, 688, 346 88, 630 1,375,668 9, 304, 447 2, 182, 653 11, 498 62, 585 900, 980 5,972,628 20, 209 2, 157, 268 18,650.302 114, 354 34,308 14,737,127 12 3, 841, 301 13 83, 631 14 1,186,973 15 518, 760 16 MFG — PT 1 — 07- -9 130 MANUFACTURES. Group 1.— BUTTER, RE; WORKING. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY STATE OR TERRITOEY. Nmnber of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United states 36 81,718,751 S83,865 $268,484 S383,825 .S982,.587 35 1,794 Illinois Iowa Oliio - ■ 1 2 3 4 6 7 9 8 11 490,727 416, 284 207,501 ■ 604,239 5,000 49,856 7,000 22,000 27, 784 126,700 30,000 84,000 111,395 69,800 68,730 143,900 346,548 179, 929 101,771 364,339 7 ■ 9 8 11 425 218 451 700 Group 14. — BUTTONS. (See also special report on Buttons.) 1 275 57,783,900 1308,896 S838,311 $2,128,823 .54,507,870 236 7,093 3 11 22 4 51 ■ 12 10 46 31 4 21 18 12 20,354 1,308,408 164,478 68,801 1,173,866 740, 114 138,568 841,635 2,033,649 .59,608 718,757 116,240 399,422 1,500 80,968 4,150 2,400 239,607 6; 731 9,722 274,649 56,449 32, 477 315,391 187, .:6i 40, 242 239,721 587, 950 10,664 196,988 44,724 132,285 6,732 713, 184 98, 148 36,324 755,422 308, 029 78, 103 472, 364 1,395,486 48, 944 364,351 48,446 182,337 3 10 13 3 51 7 8 38 54 4 20 17 8 62 919 220 66 1,471 554 169 729 1,576 29 796 289 213 ■^ Connecticut 4 Illinois Indiana - . fi 23,675 111,600 6,807 42,250 6,699 79,378 132,924 14,416 87,300 43,514 s Massachusetts Missouri q in New York , .... 1'' 22,627 7,520 2,100 134, 791 15,550 82,700 IS Wisconsin 14 All other states 2 -(- Group 8 — CALCIUM LiIGHTS. United States Illinois Massachusetts New York Pennsylvania All other states ^. . . 6,750 16, 328 66, 100 24,900 29, 475 $23,450 2, 600 1,000 9,000 10, 950 $9,400 1,500 1,500 6,600 S42,575 1,250 3,400 21, 700 6,100 11,125 $68, 128 6,600 9,628 41,900 9,300 1,800 20 Group 8.— CANDIiES. (See also Grease and tallonr- Soap.) 1 United States 17 $3,004,006 $277,260 $491,624 $639,880 $1,596,241 12 1,181 California •> 3 8 6 1,475 1,331,183 1,671,347 225 327,763 311,892 1,2.50 675,062 918,929 ^ 121,600 155,760 206,858 284,766 6 6 in 1,010 Group 1.— CANNING AND PRESERVING, FISH, (See also Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables; Canning and preserving, oysters; Food preparations; and special report on Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables, llsli, and oysters.) United States Alaska California Illinois Louisiana Maine Massachusetts Michigan New York Oregon Virginia Washington Wisconsin All other states '.. . 63 13 4 3 141 50 4 15 25 4 36 7 $19,853,016 10,275,736 464, 330 13, 390 331,971 2,144,690 1,976,171 18,350 .598, 553 1,653,097 37,800 2,036,327 112,001 190,600 $2,088,369 1,151,282 19, .500 5, 600 16, 500 105, 685 167,515 1,260 82, 200 340, 387 10,000 150, 5.50 600 37,400 •33,472,541 1,696,9.55 115,749 6,900 37,, 500 494,276 248,4,50 10, .500 77,878 376,286 15,200 329, 148 17,900 45,800 »4, 597, 028 2,640,001 82, 158 650 56,987 484, 555 223, 143 1,300 53, 357 413,948 6,950 605, 184 8,095 20, 700 $9,696,078 4,787,498 246, 923 340 220,984 1,060,175 1,337,063 5,300 385,118 622,476 5,660 951,445 86,406 86, 700 7,271 2,310 35 1,712 232 8 102 1,084 43 1,359 38 85 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 2; District of Columbia, 1; Indiana, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Michigan, 1; Minnesota 2; Missouri 1- New York, 1; Wisconsin, 1. •>--?» 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 2; Kentucky, 1; Maine, 1; Maryland, 1; Michigan,!; Minnesota, 1; Mississippi 1- Nebraska 1; New Hampshire, 1; Tennessee, 1; Utah, 1. • • > • GENERAL TABLES. 131 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 1 BUTTEK, REWORKINO. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. 32 8 Aggregate. Number. ' Salaries. 24 14 12 40 SS5. 191 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Officers of corporations. Number. Salaries. '.870 26. 67S 15.932 12.296 30.285 5,270 7,200 5,400 5,000 Total General superintendents, manjigcr.s. clerics, etc. Men. Wo Number. Salaries. 862,321 Number, Salaries, Number. Salaries. 63 21 , 408 8,732 6,,S!l(i 25, 285 $,62,6S9 $9,632 l,s,;i,H4 7,640 4, 660 21,505 2,424 1,092 2,336 o, 780 WAGE-EARNERS. Greatest numl;)er employed at any one time dur- ing tlie year. 182 91 94 141 Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Group 14. BUTTOINS. (See also special report on Buttons.) 1,596 95,001 10,510 3.460 74,686 54.319 5. 671 93.:iS2 284. 0.« 3.239 53,998 5,420 26, 162 S209,101 41,120 3,938 6.156 27,600 360 36,307 62. 448 16,803 3,220 11,150 3 66 13 4 111 23 16 64 309 6 44 4 16 S502, 372 1,696 53, 881 6, 572 3, 460 68, 52d 26, 719 5,311 57,075 221,582 3,239 37,196 2,200 16,012 3 47 10 4 90 16 12 52 . 213 4 36 4 10 $427, 333 1,596 49, 610 5,876 3,460 68,977 22,799 4, 635 51,595 178, 061 2,460 34,198 2,200 11,976 3 2i" 3 12 96 875,039 9, 532 3,920 776 5,480 43, 521 7S9 2,998 '3,036" 13,834 1, 415 1 101 63 ?. 1,217 872 3 401 241 4 189 101 5 3,809 1,598 6 144 719 < 7 374 163 X 1,820 1,061 , NOT MADE IN PAPER ]T1I1,1,S. (See also Paper and wood imlp.) ' 4 I $1,651,210 |l .9123,829 1 $348,000 $495,271 $684,110 1,188 Group -i C-\RPETS AND RUGS, OTHER THAN RAG. (See also Woolen goods; AVorsted goods; and special report on "Wool manufactures.) 1 United States 2 Cnnnceticut 3 M:is,suchilsr'tls 4 .\('\v .Trrscv 6 Nc'u- York (j Pennsylvania 7 I All other states^ ... 139 $66,781,074 - — __ .__ _-_-=— 3 10 8 12 102 4 4, 304, 158 7,904.650 2.097,815 19.830.452 22,284.077 359 922 $3,153,1 (i2:i. 060 533. 324 48.050 939, 313 99:-;. 467 16.600 »8, 696, 950 $15,129,294 $29,801,026 135 39,239 914,042 1,575,831 1,191,225 3 4,910 1,705,609 1,731,174 3, 934, 643 10 8,918 .411,411 431.084 1,207,270 8 1,448 2,171,009 4,640,617 12,079,513 12 10,869 3,426,831 6, 647, 465 11,217,324 98 12,724 69,148 103, 123 171,051 4 370 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: i>ntii.'^iana, 1; New Mexico, .1 ; Oklahoma,!; Rhode Island, 1; South Dakota, 1. 'Includes estalilishments distributed as follows : Aljiliuuia, ] ; Ni^wVork,!; *')rc^o!i,2; Virginia,!. a>U;oViTnon1-o Hi. 1-iA 1- rM-,;. GENERAL TABLES. 135 STATES AND TERRITORIES; 190.5— Continued. Group 1 — CANNING AND PRESERVING, FRUITS AND VEGETARl,ES. {See also Cianiilnu : preserving, oysters; Food i>reparations; and special report on Cannlnu; and presei-vlnsi oysters.) iiid p -oMci-Y^iii;:-, fisli; C'anning and Is jiiid I'ogctables, lisli, and Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OliTICIALS, CLEKICS, ETL . Aggregate. General supi'rintciiileiits, managers, clerks, etc. OITicers of corporations, i- Number. Salaries. 82,241,78 Number. Salaries. S710, 343 4S.i 14 82 11 18 173 383 3 113 "3 83 20 1 48 428 117 12 47 149 3 039., isl 13, -ISO 2.. sill) 1,8,037 300 2.liS0 71.777 129. 74S I'S, ,iS.5 3, 73/^ 11,, 540 85. ;w, 298.107 7,300 70,056 11.780 680 15, 357 11.184 600 35.4"i8 444. 797 SS5 75. 327 10, .5.83 21.1.82 71 4 1 4 1 1 15 70 10.342 4,101 24, 735 4.400 5.825 3. 698 145 134. 603 1,2.50 1S0,0;I5 0.500 600 1,975 200 900 14,750 58,629 27,450 1,360 3,200 37,797 75,265 6,000 28,030 3,010 12,850 139. 488 100 23,795 5,775 4,525 ■3,250 1,500 8,230 1,200 1,100 1,660 . 46, 490 Total. llcll. Number. Salaries. ;| Number, i Salaries, 2,020 81,631,445 414 10 4 33 1 2 62 127 54 4 13 78 346 1 72 11 3 62 32 4 2 109 3 100 1,558 452,889 6,980 2,200 16,062 100 1,780 57,027 j 71,119 41.135 2, 376 8,340 47, 690 222.902 1,::00 42,026 8,770 (iSO 11,918 5, 594 600 22, 628 305,309 785 61,632 4,810 16, 657 1 76 =1= Women. Number. Salaries. ,431,. 5,84 245 7,092 2,601 16, 505 3,200 4,726 2,048 145 89.113 1,250 1 8 329 9 3 31 1 2 69 112 49 4 12 68 316 1 64 10 3 57 1 29 307 4 80 7 31 100 1,5.58 413, 692 6,200 1,900 15, .520 100 1,7,80 65,. 827 66, 087 38, 835 2,375 8,295 43,674 210, 166 1,300 39, 631 8, 620 680 11,668 5,694 600 20, 376 282,569 785 50,712 4,290 16, 297 2,601 16.385 2.800 4,699 2,000 145 85,131 1,100 WAGE-EARNEES. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing tlie year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing tlie year. 71, 7,80 300 1,200 4,432 2,300 68 1,000 8,300 190 111 2,081 38 40 45 3,916 12,736 8 1 2,495 150 5 260 48 2,252 22,740 820 520 360 120 400 26 10 1 3,982 150 1 , 440 10 4,475 11 2,866 12 216 13 389 14 1,329 15 19,489 16 66 17 2,160 18 604 19 40 20 1,786 21 663 ■10 41 23 2,809 24 10,589 26 175 26 2,111 27 409 2K 1,426 29 52 a) 343 31 330 32 468 33 33 34 3,018 35 80 1,086 815 280 118 104 6,660 12,614 0, 070 550 1,108 5,524 33, 568 170 6, 389 961 47 3,231 1,631 73 6,274 25,942 356 8,349 847 2,959 73 1,054 646 1,612 340 ,139 303 36 362 257 37 5,058 I 1,695 38 228 ' 89 j 39 Group 1 — CANNING AND PRESERVING, OVSTERS. (See also Canning and preserving, fisli; Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables; Food preparations; and special report on Canning and preserving, I'rults and vegetables, tisli, and oysters.) 93 ISO -8120, X07 19 $22,733 167 $98,134 1.58 894, 164 9 83,970 7,262 5,101 1 8 5 7 10 13 11 11 11 4 9 19 16 27 11 15 64 11 20 , 22.740 7,996 i 3| 11,400 6 19 15 26 6 14 52 9 18 11,340 7,996 9,845 12,000 1,990 8,635 29,138 3,300 9,340 6 19 15 24 5 13 48 9 17 11,340 7,996 9,845 11,800 1,990 8, 135 27,118 3,300 8,840 50 416 1,286 961 346 218 1,591 386 1,766 102 140 43 339 679 368 283 94 1,230 345 1,588 56 76 ^ 10,445 ! 15,500 3,333 8,816 30,038 3,910 13,540 1 2 6 1 2 ] 2 ' 2 600 3,500 1,343 180 900 610 4,200 4 1 200 5 1 4 500 2,020 7 8 9 1 500 10 11 4 4,560 4 4,650 2 3,800 2 750 I'' Group «.-< ARD CUTTING AND DESIGNING^ 72 06 861,826 ' 9 S9,400 57 S42,426 38 S33, 175 19 $9,251 792 595 1 8 1 32 23 1 3 j 1 39 14 6 6 950 1 35 14 4 3 950 23,424 12, 632 2,392 3,028 1 19 14 2 960 15,669 12,632 1,424 2,600 30 462 111 97 92 25 356 82 73 69 ? 26,864 12, 632 4 3,440 16 7,765 3 4 4,892 6,488 2 3 2,566 3,460 2 1 968 528 5 6 Group 6.— CARDROARD, NOT MADE IN PAPER miliLS. (See also Paper and Avood pulp.) S103, 673 $38,000 I 55 $66,673 38 $54,597 17 $11,076 632 537 Group 3 CARPETS AND RUGS, OTHER THAN RAG. (Sec al,so Woolen "Wool inanui'actures. ) ;oods; "Worsted goods; and special report on 1,023 $1,396,691 ; 78 $349, 350 103 171,979 ' 7 47, 700 86 141,216 7 36, 3f,0 47 89,972 |! 13 57, 410 269 327,509 17 79,000 504 0.53.089 ;, 31 123,310 14 13,926 3 6,000 946 81,047,341 837 $999, 419 108 847, 922 90 124, 279 80 117,365 16 6,914 79 105, 886 70 101, 399 9 4,487 34 32, 562 31 31,263 3 1,299 252 247,909 239 240, 681 13 7,228 473 528,779 408 501,145 65 27,6.34 11 7,926 9 7,666 2 360 36, 47 28,875 2,112 6,668 1,442 12.090 14.884 :'"0 1,090 4,656 1,070 10.225 11,594 236 < Includes establishments distributed as follows: New York, 1; Pennsylvania, I; Rhode Island, 2. ^ Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama. 1; Georgia. 1; Indiana, 1; North Carolina, 1. 136 MANUFACTURES. Table 5. -SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 1 CANNING AND PRESEKVING, FKIJITS AND VEGEXABLiES— Continued. STATE OR TERRITORY. 1 United States. 2 Alabama 3 Arkansas . . . 4 California... 5 Colorado 6 ] Connecticut. WAGE-E.IENERS AND "WAGES. Average number. 39,9 7 Delaware - 8 1 Georgia... 9 Idaho 10 Illinois.-.. 11 Indiana... 12 Iowa 13 Kansas 14 Kentucky. 15 Maine Id I Maryland. 17 ] Massachusetts. IS ! Michigan 19 I Minnesota 20 Mississippi 21 Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire. New Jersey New York North Carolina. . Pennsylvania. . . South Carolina. Tennessee 27 Ohio. 28 ! Oregon. 29 ~ 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Texas ■ Utah Vermont. Virginia.. Washington . . . . West Virginia. . Wisconsin All other states . United States. 13 194 ,138 212 71 11 34 1,141 3,102 1,163 100 316 733 8,978 1,342 147 4 530 292 15 1,558 6,618 1,.577 160 469 10 203 369 52 829 71 1,196 42 Wages. 1,724 38, 497 2,531,883 79,252 15,219 186,511 761 14,350 384,340 757,187 292,512 22,050 40,461 215,756 1,743,656 35,797 321,552 39,174 626 80,590 62,065 3,929 348, 1.56 1,903,983 6,889 400,061 41,862 128,399 1,044 30, 489 11,. 526 99,390 15, 108 136,531 25, 699 7,541 391,631 12,330 Men 16 years and over. Average number. Wages. S5, 902, 779 Women 16 years and over. Average I wages, number. I "^ 20,428 I 84,176,780 Children under 16 years. A.verage number. 2,790 Wages. 8348,962 6 68 2,489 120 28 384 2 16 745 1,438 667 42 1 116 452 3,169 22 I 492 'i 59 16^ 157 6 675 3,066 18 864 38 177 3 67 20 142 26 239 21 16 739 8 1,204 19,148 1,227,180 58,. 561 8,354 87,474 295 10,. 3.50 299,183 473,752 204,929 15,199 17,272 165,699 816,920 14,842 173,662 21,690 250 37,463 38,672 2,360 202,396 1,161,649 3,640 280, 179 18,229 74, .522 500 18,197 4,921 48,739 10,874 .59,764 11,919 2,966 307,038 2,897 3 1 109 1 4,390 76 i 42 j 611 I 2 14 359 1,489 388 34 173 238 4,699 62 802 59 90 7 847 3,391 28 661 ■ 105 225 6 112- 44 171 23 494 42 55 384 30 295 17,408 1,258,428 17,862 6,765 87,035 239 3,100 77,787 258, 733 74,920 4,870 21,204 45, 128 795,686 20,965 141,939 13,320 1.53 34,937 18,818 1,361 141,410 720,434 2,421 114,183 21,134 47, 289 481 10,526 4,719 39,804 3,884 68,676 12,680 4,575 74,860 8,982 4 17 2.59 16 1 104 7 4 37 175 108 24 27 43 1,110 48 29 2 96 45 2 36 161 11 52 17 67 1 24 25 56 3 96 225 1,941 46,275 2,829 100 12,002 217 900 7,370 24,702 12,663 1,981 1,985 4,929 131,1.50 5,961 4,264 223 8,190 4.. 575 218 4,350 21,900 5,699 2,499 6,. 588 63 1,766 1,886 10,847 3.50 8,092 1,200 MISCELL.tNEOUS EXPENSES. Total. 9,743 451 85,275,619 205 7,243 1,473,075 26,210 1,194 66,643 453 3,440 190,087 565, 789 154,744 10,682 9,405 189,616 645,873 2,798 179,056 13,434 431 21,844 26,228 3,461 156,091 053.366 3,342 163,736 23,548 32.443 '233 7,912 6,330 41,267 14, 759 23,669 6,475 1,462 248,942 2,234 Rent o£ works. .5149,365 40 261 53,490 35 Taxes, not including internal revenue. 2,244 10 8,040 1,720 435 6,338 52,8.59 I 1,040 1,159 j 131 I 342 1 I 250 ! 1,110 i 10,617 : 40 3,210 1,441 5 1,242 15 56 240 2,284 10 1 800 Group 6.— CARDBOARD, NOT MADE IN PAPER MIliLS Continued. 88 ' 816,508 , 586 8234,490 324 8178,298 174 839,684 Group 2.— CARPETS AND RUGS, OTHER THAN RAG— Continued. United States Connecticut Massachusetts New Jersey ........ New York Pennsylvania AH other states 33,221 1,815 5,179 l.l.W 11,077 I.I, 710 281 813,724,233 657,462 2, 187, 767 417,548 4,567,481 5,829,135 64,840 16,930 8,271,441 867 2,383 781 5,354 7,410 1.35 360,. 539 1,217,320 322,272 2,649,9.58 3,677,056 44,296 14,408 846 2,395 357 5,417 5,266 127 $5,084,201 270, 845 876,442 92,846 1,857,120 1,968,154 18,794 1,883 I 8368,591 102 401 15 306 1,040 19 26,078 94,035 2,430 60, 403 183,925 1,7.50 $108,587 .54, 162, 146 183,048 367, 462 83, 825 1,904,307 1,599,678 23,836 $91,026 3,446 5,793 81,787 8186,762 10 439 41,231 1,175 166 1,743 43 315 6,563 13,699 6,492 461 .554 10,329 26,481 435 8,800 ,784 80 1,350 801 146 6,547 26,528 215 9,311 1,252 1,233 8 830 426 2,936 306 1,809 505 113 12,452 194 G roup 1. CANNING AND PRESERVING, OVSTERS— Continued. 1 United States 3,291 8547,909 906 S2S2,867 1,632 .8195,514 763 $69,. 538 8232,594 812,276 89,683 45 177 568 282 120 78 753 142 1,034 33 59 31,830 24,671 54,306 .55,099 25,359 17,051 171,214 23,070 110,734 17,245 17,331 45 35 66 76 44 73 245 79 196 12 35 31,830 10,579 22,315 22,424 14,554 16,517 85,767 15,816 38,766 9,471 14,828 1 36,633 6, 145 7,760 21,726 2,104 6,033 95,016 19,326 19,812 5,734 13,306 120 465 1,080 15 225 1,000 501 60 1,460 300 7,050 5'"* 7 233 1,186 1,348 191 552 3,2.50 348 1,794 214 40 104 266 162 64 4 348 66 695 18 16 11,028 18,168 26,918 9,656 438 63,537 6,574 60,066 7,366 1,774 38 236 44 12 1 160 8 243 3 8 3,064 13,822 5,757 1,1.50 96 21,910 680 21,922 408 729 4 ! Georgia . 6 Maine. . 7 Maryland 8 Mississippi 9 North Carolina 10 ' South Carolina 12 All other states Group 6 .-CARD CUTTING AND DESIGNING— Continued. 1 '; United states 696 •8261,023 375 8177,044 ' 297 378,551 24 85,428 895,306 834,188 8745 2 '. Mpw Icr^pu 27 409 102 85 73 13,278 144,786 44,461 28,882 29,616 20 209 79 38 29 11,772 7 5 9 1 2 1,508 1,266 2,134 249 273 2,140 71,281 11,411 4,574 6,900 1,396 23,314 4,214 2,704 2,660 109 139 237 65 195 3 93,036 38,050 16,791 18,396 196 14 46 42 .50,484 4,277 12,842 10,948 4 Pennsylvania 5 6 All other states $4,636 .?;S34,060 17,267 106,642 6,467 147,268 56, 790 626 GENERAL TABLES. 137 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.T— Continued. Group 1 CANNING AND PKESERVING, FKUIXS ANO VEGETABIiES-Continiu-d. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. ( IIST OF MATERIALS USED. . Mill sup- plies. SC5,903 Freight. 8413,211 Rent of offices, interest, etc. • P incipal materials. , Value of products, in- Contract . ^ work. Aggregate. 8120,673 ' .?51,."i,S2,460 Total. Purchased in raw state. S27,(i()9,626 Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). Fuel. Rent uf power and heat. tom work and repairing. S4,818.SHl .8.^.0,387,535 822,717,909 $696,695 819,116 $78,142,022 1 155 '-. - 1 4.416 4,179 98,327 17,119,551 243,700 26,681 1,003,311 8,657 30,895 1,846,814 3,024,443 1,, ".55, 938 49,779 171,8,83 1,007,418 8,(77,017 110,507 977,813 139,396 2,246 344,157 302,609 9,868 1,404,836 6,639,616 23,984 1,697,991 160,983 526,519 3,263 146,364 44,971 487,620 67,916 634,775 90,445 48,757 1,641,023 23,293 2,099 75,553 13,214,985 101,973 14,551 389,412 2,795 21,0(10 692,727 1,148,896 607,196 16,661 76,186 490,699 3,850,362 62,882 669,015 53,015 860 136,848 90,702 4,664 696,667 3,056,964 11,076 746,419 83,305 240,441 1,460 50,335 22,506 183,306 27,030 238,672 48,981 18,204 720,771 11,420 2,080 22,774 3, 91 14,. 566 141,727 12, 130 613,899 5,862 9,895 1,154,087 1,875,547 1,048,742 ,33,118 95,698 516,719 4,926,6,55 67,625 408,798 86,381 1,386 208,309 211,907 5,204 708,169 3,482,662 12,909 951,572 77,678 286,078 1,803 96,019 22,466 304 314 30,886 396, 103 41,464 30,, 563 920,252 11,873 220 5,852 17 131 9,7(.(l 373 140 1,219 8,456 180,293 23,809,988 474,436 ,59,4.57 1,450,185 6,543 • 104,310 17,399,489 251.699 28,245 ; 1,030,640 ' 9,004 j 33,895 1 , ,894 , 509 3,097,161 1,, 59.1, 396 3 1,277,551 26,000 100,8(13 88,314 6,526 14,175 167,689 ■2,100 300 12,776 200 35 11,660 18,126 13,143 210 10,000 3,543 23,070 3,7,50 24,876 2,467 4 5 653 ;i75 1,124 13,274 147 2,900 34,046 45,306 22,447 817 60 6 7 410 13,627 1 8 04,600 9 3,116 (■.5 1 , 889 7,868 2, (.98 75 517 1,169 10,260 130 3,772 449 12 470 318 55 1,936 14,082 104 1,803 108 739 20() 90 688 353 534 322 175,484 ioo 1,418 170 3,111,866 ' 10 549,684 147,817 6,81 i 5,086,896 11 2,779,804 12 1(1,121 ,50,881 185,(174 1,028,876 8, 898,. 527 1 ' 116,255 1,045,541 145,146 ! 2.313 89,760 13 8,861 2,674 288,516 14 lli3,314 ,5i;2,753 1,323 168,819 12,519 361 20,037 25,426 3,065 147,434 913,986 8.59 151,214 22,296 9,635 3,780 278" 16,416 88, 190 1,868 38,330 2,839 ,55 5,641 4,239 470 19,393 217,227 467 17,321 4,142 7,174 150 1,912 1,000 8,411 1,494 8,175 1,936 330 760' 6 1,891,790 15 12,466,549 16 165,804 ' 17 1,747,981 : 18 263,985 : 19 3,359 : 20 508,913 21 215 i 3.53. 368 3,200 1,800 100 5,919 36,182 50 7,157 669 6,433 70 2,190 600 9,467 ' 308.966 10,493 1,432,209 6,807,832 24,637 l,72,"i,473 669,489 22 20,947 23 12.5 725 32 1,201 ............ 2,204,365 1 24 2,235 2,228 11,589,397 44,741 2,840,359 282,328 841,168 6,240 25 26 ■^7 166.902 640,866 3,489 150,656 46,661 606, 176 59,763 1 647,895 94,052 49,381 1,709,797 24,468 28 2<:i,720 1 220 49 29 30 5,840 240,296 31 84,933 ' 32 38,2711 801,958 33 25" 112,711 34 j 19,487 .1,960 89 4,386 1,350 910,859 36 173,289 36 i 1 34S 366" 624 26,110 665 75,357 2,847,127 44,203 37 •^35 390 3,461 110 39,213 500 38 ■"> 040 ,39 Gr $2,590,872 oup 1.— CANt* 82,525,063 HNG AND I $1,587,310 •RESERVIN G, OVSTE RS— Coiitii ued. 84,702 8200,582 $10,053 $937,763 $47,1.55 .825 $13,927 83,986,239 1 35 986 123,006 79,252 150,633 361,891 74, 176 160,790 1,029,604 128,706 345,870 17,413 119,633 122,431 73,848 149,773 354,077 71,746 160,360 1,001,304 124,659 338, 199 16,488 112,188 99,582 38,004 88,548 226,266 41,209 161,721 549,525 83,044 205, 143 8,689 94,980 22,849 36,844 61,226 127,812 30,537 8,629 451,779 41,015 133,066 7,799 17,208 650 989 840 6,815 1,345 410 25,220 2,862 5,480 849 1,796 26 135' 20 699 39 5 2,980 265 468 56 45 4;286" 3(VI 1,045 26 227,702 134,092 256, 760 509,325 ?. 3 5,494 20,363 1,688 ' 4 6 125,541 6 4,481 220,162 ; 7 1,502,497 8 929 1,723 20 5,605 176,773 9 16,558 5,220 668,239 10 60,476 11 6,216 204,683 12 Group 6.— C AKD CllTT ING AND D $466,850 ESIGNING— Continued $1,637 81,322 ! §44 073 .S16,300 $477,609 9,637 140,480 97,181 43,806 18&,605 $466,850 8,826 137,034 94,713 42,164 184,113 $2,916 $4,984 $1,083,278 1 635 31,528 6,960 1,805 3,145 8,826 137,034 94,713 42,164 184,113 34 711 1,393 276 603 612 2,365 640 1,147 220 66 270 436 120 647 38,866 480, 116 218,066 98,000 248,232 2 16,300 100 ioo" 1,122 3 4 6 6 _ Grou p 6.— CAKOB tOARD, NOT mADE IN PAPER iWlL,l.S— Co ntinued. $103,151 $926,964 $896,994 $896,994 $13,766 $975 $970 $14,259 81,664,303 1 Grov ip 2.— CARPI ETS AND R UGS, OTHE R THAN RAG— Cont inued. 8402,349 S3, 612, 946 $124,114 $37,947,954 $36,696,729 $11,275,846 $25,420,883 8714,929 $32,673 $101,274 $61,686,433 1 166.781 257,364 78,368 1,751,246 1,342,769 17,428 2,169,773 6,702,615 978,856 11,133,063 16,706,431 257,216 2,071,852 6,388,826 951,299 10,763,311 16,287,577 243,864 1,313,367 2,899,393 109,465 4,954,338 1,999,283 758,485 3,489,433 841,834 5,798,973 14,288,294 243,864 72,473 171,398 23,908 224,236 216,654 6,261 25,448 124, 428 2,199 114,550 133,632 2,092 3,221,346 9,713,978 1,748,831 19,404,133 27,120,311 377,834 2 2,435 15,528 1,450 40,967 40, 130 3,199 3 4 6 118,332 5,782 28,438 1,800 6 7 — 138 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Cirou|> 2.— f'ARPETS, RAG. STATE OR TERRITORY. Number of estab- lish- ments. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- Total iish- horse- ments re-, power, porting. United States California Colorado Connecticut Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraslca New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Washington Wisconsin A.11 other states i . . . 363 • 11 37 22 64 7 13 11 31,099,555 12,800 3,420 24, 950 195,911 19,100 89,926 15,899 43,5.50 49,005 42,701 22, 0.55 17,100 12,235 18,975 78,313 84,794 303, 218 11,453 27, 100 27,050 .5142,638 S243,790 83.50,819 3,2.50 3,500 35, 900 3,000 12, 225 1,725 3,200 3,900 5, 6.50 3,000 4,000 2,000 2,900 10,400 15,235 27,325 2,328 2,700 400 2,750 8,500 53, 800 5,975 24,885 1,9S0 10,800 4,000 8, .500 1,000 5, 500 4,900 5, 800 15, 775 25,275 67,900 1,750 3.J00 1,400 2,400 2,300 10,000 52,729 7,100 33,522 7,988 12, 800 23,2i0 18, 689 13,350 5,250 3, 260 4,070 31,698 29,484 59, 824 4,675 12,250 16,200 S362,.;08 4,400 1,120 2,950 53, 482 3,025 19,294 4,206 16,750 17,875 9,862 4, 705 2,350 2, 075 6,205 20, 440 172 1,069 2 5 1 3 1 S 28 2.50 5 51 18 171 3 31 3 2.5 10 67 15 93 6 56 6 40 3 25 3 24 11 108 14,800 11 158,169 25 2,700 4 8,8.50 8 9,0.50 9 313 256 22 53 71 Croup 12.— CARKIAOE AND IVAQON mATERIAIiS. (See also Automobile bodle.s and parts; Carriages and wagons; and special report on Tarriages and wagons.) 1 ^ United States 2 Alabama 3 Arkansas 4 California 5 I Connecticut - 6 Delaware 7 Illinois 8 Indiana 9 ■ Iowa - 10 Kentucky 11 Maine 12 I Maryland 13 I Massachusetts 14 I Michigan 15 I Minnesota 16 . Mississippi 17 Mis.soiiri 18 Ncbra.'ika 19 Xrnv Jliimpsbiri'. . . . 20 Xrnv .ler.sev 21 : New York 22 ! Ohio 23 I Oregon 24 Pennsylvania 25 Tennessee 26 Virginia 27 West Virginia 28 Wisconsin 29 All other states 2. . . 632 26 3 9 13 45 108 3 .55 3S 10 4 19 14 826,024,0.53 22,700 432,152 54, 105 238,483 69,844 51,899,845 84,101,035 2,300 27,730 1,165,733 3,602,876 284, 297 1,084,018 31,344 320, 260 679, 726 2,0.38,109 63, 695 170,121 879,026 8.F.95 326, 888 452,1.52 1,932,944 6,315,044 8,800 3, .537, 902 1,171,518 4C2, 219 :7;i,240 ::8:i, 629 108,233 28, 200 5, 2.50 77,929 £06,765 18,750 105,857 1,160 15,000 46.100 94, 289 5, 800 7,4.50 111,919 350 9,400 24, 200 151,650 42;i, 822 2, £00 56,718 86,151,644 813,871,629 45,318 36.300 1 1 , 5r:3 257,615 514.063 .59,2: 2 6..:nn 64,. ".62 70,750 12,200 104,^02 15,065 63,859 13,371 5,^00 243, i02 2S:f, 713. 297. 6?S 64,463 17, 600 10, 823 34,860 10,300 439,693 18.100 25,250 103,369 1,000 36,000 .57,900 332, 332 899, 728 645, 629 152,292 60.509 37,340 52. 237 14,726 165 71,825 28,S,lin4 6.228 53, 203 100,182 486,820 15,245 45,797 161,467 2,210 i97,002 86,700 616,926 1,. 504, 606 1,.350 956,145 232,819 130, 629 62,392 68, 288 27, 645 110,124 39,690 546, 690 2,038,283 134,490 545,300 17,216 187,495 ! 462,694 1,017,307 ' 24,5.50 602,271 5, 435 184, 486 283, 352 932,036 3,486,888 7,450 1,638,490 721,944 263, 481 68, 685 228, 244 55,562 14 452 29 2,218 3 88 6 421 IX 1,049 33 3,337 4 173 11 590 95 1,311 68 426 100 1,901 I 6,175 • 1,461 2,299 10,708 5 5,120 3,332 960 652 I 332 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Kentucky, Vermont. 1. 1; Maine, 1; North Dakota, 1; Oregon, 2; Rhode Island, 2; Tennessee, 1; Texas, 1; Utah, 1; GENERAL TABLES. 139 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190r>-C'oiitinued. Group 2 flAKPETS, KAO. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED (IFFICIALS, CLERKS, ir.Ti'. WAOE-EARNERS. Aggregate. Omcorsol Nuinher. 13 corporations. Salaries. .?22,90() (jLnn.-ral superintendents, managers. Clerks, Pie Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing tile year. 2,4.50 Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. 25 IJ7,306 Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. §64,699 Nunilicr. Salaries. 458 137 887,499 124 99 8.57,294 1,340 1 4 5 4 78 14 37 18 12 23 31 8 13 10 15 45 20 84 9 15 13 1 , 1 14 13 29 390 59 227 93 134 132 148 69 57 33 53 189 201 431 23 89 66 11 .11 13 173 25 112 39 101 69 77 49 27 20 38 104 85 291 16 46 43 3 1 . 1 4-1 3 3 24 4 17 1 5 5 11 5 5 2 1 3 13 17 1,142 2,780 9,791 1,540 6,180 180 2,560 , 4,330 8,519 3,099 2,760 1,172 ■ 500 2,660 7,828 7,968 2 1,092 3 2,780 19 8,606 3 1,390 14 4,700 1 180 3 1,900 4 3,730 11 : 8,519 I 4 ' 2,849 5 2,760 2 1,172 1 ! 500 2 2,200 7 ] 5,604 16 7,242 1 50 ■^ 3 30 4 19 1 5 6 11 5 5 2 1 3 16 18 2,780 16,691 1,540 7,880 180 2,550 11,830 8,519 3,099 2,760 1,172 500 2,650 10,628 10,958 4 6 (i,9(HI 6 1 3 1,185 150 480 5 2 2,700 7 8 2 1 660 600 q 1 7,600 10 11 1 250 1'' 1? 14 ...... ........ 1 6 450 2,224 716 16 3 1 2,800 3,000 17 18 19 '>n 5 2,(i20 5 2,6211 3 I 2,070 2 560 o\ Group 12.— CARKIAOE AND WAGON IT1AT£RIAL$. (See also Automobile bodies and parts; Carriages and Ava»;ons; and special report on Carriages and ^vagons.) 563 1 1,236 j 81,341,978 285 5513,882 951 3828,096 7.56 8746,988 196 881,108 20,989 13,782 1 3 16 12 14 4 23 59 17 13 5 12 , 26 29 4 13 19 5 8 18 38 65 2 67 36 10 1 38 2 19 6 64 142 22 89 600 30,469 2,700 20,784 4,280 66,760 143,436 17,200 88,628 1 31 1 13 4 61 116 20 67 600 23,. 569 l,.50O 10,284 2,408 46,524 90,036 15,100 52,418 1 29 1 3 42 88 15 52 600 22,369 1,.500 0,680 1,988 42,596 78,978 13,280 47,014 17 452 48 164 36 1,146 2,679 247 1,228 16 216 353 2,062 61 223 630 8 171 380 1,464 6,269 12 2,037 1,257 316 133 249 118 10 7 1 6 2 13 26 2 22 6,900 1,200 10,600 1,872 20,230' 53,400 2,100 36,210 2 1,200 284 ' 3 38 4 G 1 9 28 5 15 3,704 420 3,928 11,058 1,820 5,404 107 ' 5 24 1 6 804 7 1,778 : 8 166 ; 9 764 i 10 8 1 11 21 21 84 8 16 49 18,910 24,238 89,663 3,860 13,972 61,494 6 9 16 4 3 20 6,800 11,610 29,266 1,080 3,300 36,920 16 12 68 4 13 29 12,110 12,628 60,387 2,770 10,672 24,. 574 14 8 60 2 13 24 11,310 10,738 63,329 2,058 10,672 22,134 2 4 18 2 800 1,890 7,058 712 154 ' 12 257 13 1,240 14 52 15 147 16 5 2,440 437 6 118 309 751 3,420 9 1,621 816 202 81 17 IS 13 29 97 292 10,783 29,273 111,377 361,202 2 23 76 3,000 4,333 44,600 167,667 11 27 74 217 7,783 24,940 66,777 193,. 535 8 26 55 164 6,693 24,4.50 58,485 172,022 3 1 19 63 1,090 490 8,292 21,513 19 20 21 22 93 93 67 17 11 23 12 119,945 64,112 14, 121 14,025 19,296 10,870 ig 16 3 5 2 2 35,790 21,090 3,140 8,548 3,120 1,200 74 61 14 6 21 10 84, 165 43,022 10,981 6,477 16,176 9,670 65' 49 11 4 14 10 80,. 327 42,667 9,901 4,177 13,460 9,670 9 2 3 2 3,828 365 1,080 1,300 2,716 24 25 26 07 23 12 118 ! 28 71 29 ^Includes establisljments distributed as follows: Colorado, 1; Vermont, 1; Washington, 1. Florida, 1; Kansas, 2: Louisiana, 2: Nortti Carolina, 2; Rhode Island, 1; Texas, 2; Utah, 1; 140 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, B^ Group 2.— CARPETS, K AG— Continued. STATE OR TERRITORY. WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. m + , '! n.^ 1/. J \\'oinen 10 years and , Children under 16 Total. Menl6 years and over. ^,,^„ ™-irc 1 United States 2 I California 3 i Colorado 4 ! Connecticut 5 , Illinois 6 I Indiana 7 Iowa 8 Kansas 9 Maryland 10 Massachusetts 11 Michigan 12 ' Minnesota 13 Missouri 14 ! Nebraska 15 New Jersey 16 I Xeu' York 17 Ohio IS , Pennsylvania 19 ' Washington 20 AViscoiisin 21 i All other states Average number. 1,736 Wages. S074/ Average number- 1,334 Wages, Average number. 0,155 12 4,856 12 4,780 24 9,968 2,iS 121,531 40 11,373 1.58 58, 196 51 22,699 68 20,202 8/ 33, 223 1U9 34,233 56 26,990 3V 19,818 24 5,969 38 14, 220 128 49,912 143 54,059 356 129, 691 19 7,782 64 22,662 52 22,765 9 ! 24 218 17 113 43 48 79 54 ■' 43 30 12 34 105 316 13 41 41 2,714 3,780 9,968 110,002 7,182 49, 625 20, 405 17,137 30, 811 22,745 24.628 IS, 148 4,025 12, 520 39, 498 44,715 120,639 5,338 16.114 20,161 350 Wages, Average number. 1,623 1,000 ,32 10,113 20 3,839 42 7,897 8 2,294 14 2,365 7 2,250 49 10,666 U 2,362 4 1,220 13 1,944 2 600 36 10,114 8,944 8,546 2,444 6, 408 1,980 Wages. 88,176 1.4111 362 700 162 822 4.50 1,100 300 400 506 140 624 MI.SCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. S1S3. 509 1,377 1,503 ; 984' I 39,289 I 3, 8.58 24,476 ; 0,114 : 4,438 '■ 10,026 ' 9,056 i I 4.909 I 3.084 1,562 I 2,533 24.185 16,350 30, 087 1,485 3,515 5,879 Rent of works. ,693 300 745 288 10,943 1,570 2,384 1,803 2,015 3,775 1,948 1,631 797 396 1,332 7,901 1,976 7,469 626 1,464 3,340 Taxes, not including internai revenue. $6, 062 43 31 35 1,237 163 650 94 159 277 165 119 70 227 3.52 702 1,186 93 125 127 Group la C'ARRIAGli: AND WAGON MATEKIAliS— Continued. United Stat. Alabama 3 Arkansas 4 California Connecticut Delaware Illinois Indiana Iowa 10 Kentucky 11 Maine..." 12 Maryland .13 Massachusetts... 14 Michigan 15 Minnesota Mississippi 17 Missouri 18 Nebraska 19 New Hampshire . . 20 Xew Jersey 21, New York 22 Ohi(. I^regon.' 24 Penn.'jyJvaiiiLL. . . . 'I'ennr'sspc Virginia .. 27 West Virginia. . . . Wisconsin 29 All other states. . 10 326 42 135 28 969 2,250 195 922 8 172 298 1,712 61 147 627 6 139 348 1,103 4,369 11 1,893 973 286 90 176 87 87. 484. 450 4,024 113, 587 39, 853 76, 460 16, 378 458, 186 930, 033 73,990 303,656 3,516 67, 693 173,903 806,653 28,910 66, 550 248, 327 3,948 67,118 154,893 468,677 1,933,870 6,100 853, 025 341,867 100,013 41,977 86, 706 34, 638 16,532 ' 87,338,142 10 319 40 135 28 955 3,157 191 • 831 163 396 1,643 ■61 141 514 6 139 340 1,046 4,127 11 1,804 950 280 87 173 4 113 29 76: IB; 464 911 72 287 65, 173, 788, 28, .55, 244, 3, 67, 153, 465, 024 539 541 460 378 003 175 663 631 516 695 203 116 910 760 303 948 118 372 834 ,966 1.100 .296 .. 16li ;,78S ,237 .894 . .5.38 47 126 ""'3 3,190 6,496 913 11,727 1,248 700 12,740 11,375 36,659 """'636' 1 , 04.S 313 993 13,363 425 4,298 T.50 '5.' 798' 800 997 1.520 1,,56S 20,093 3,701 SI, 930, 469 8104,007 $129,683 3,784 92 2,070 295 2,160 118 36, 703 4,825 25,884 2,411 155 3,864 1,480 341 102,. 577 1 242,637 19, 618 83, 488 1,221 9,410 4,446 2,264 570 60 6,864 19,118 1,963 6,385 140 17,796 ,50,024 150,252 6,060 15,952 1,176 7,233 2,066 680 319 1,973 4,999 16, 438 367 .1,331 78,964 2,033 16,994 40, .587 185, 41 16 11,696 780 1,225 5,424 17,604 3,165 63 1,817 1,943 6,344 4.56, 797 1 , 902 164, 150 109, 542 19,035 1,620 6, 645 1,397 32,564 70 9,881 4,659 36, 3,52 14, 662 81 1,485 836 2.229 446 48,616 13,172 2,. 8.52 , 1 . 686 GENERAL TABLES. 141 STATES AND TERRITORIES; 1905— Continued. i;roii|> 2.-<'.VKPETS, KAG— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent of offices, interest, etc. S119, 593 Contract work. S6, 262 935 727 661 17,059 1,805 19,042 3,217 2,264 5,874 6,799 3, 113 2,168 1,096 973 15,782 13, 573 18,341 716 1,936 3,512 so" 320 2,500 100 150 3,092 50 .Vggregatp. S4S9, 285 2,301 4,732 5,345 4S. 108 t., 357 31,431 9,721 53,430 15,317 9.159 17,159 6, 029 3,545 10.387 30, 670 20,990 195,312 2,(«7 9,07li 7, 529 HIST OF MATERIALS USED. I'rineipal materials, 2,136 4,190 2,795 40, 746 5,700 27, 787 8,638 52,100 12,971 7,165 15,861 5,202 2,967 9,438 28,051 16,541 188, 339 2,290 7,631 5,366 Total. $445, 904 Purchased in raw State. .?1.G00 Purchased in partiallj' manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). S444, 304 1,500 2,136 4,190 2,795 40,746 5,700 27, 787 8,638 52, 100 12,971 7,165 15, 851 5,202 2,967 9, 438 27, 951 10, 541 186, 839 2,290 7,631 6,366 Fuel. $17, 883 96 220 113 3,075 570 908 150 1,040 599 783 718 172 Rent of power and heat. 36 96 2,401 1,248 52 2,313 570 40 1,125 367 538 12 411 408 1,414 681 2,731 305 2,907 1,533 175 210 706 376 557 1,365 .Mill sup- plip,s. $3, 662 33 10 6 725 30 81 20 250 242 123 97 204 20 77 312 654 508 12 95 163 Freight. $7, 322 216 30 2,314 5 342 343 380 101 126 62 53 212 759 2,025 26.S 78 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. $1,918,286 13, 073 17, 439 24,250 322, 035 30, 836 152, 660 53,077 94, 000 90,215 93, 584 70, 849 42, 620 16, 387 34; no 160,359 134, 444 448,833 16, 313 57, 616 56,587 Group 12 — CARRlAex: ANB WAGON MA 'rEKIAl.,S— Continued. ■51.631,207 $65,572 $16,312,083 942 31,853 ( 666 '.. 22,254 .. 2,052 !.. 2,750 1,625 i 7,687 275,376 62,672 127, 132 28, 203 86,303 217,274 15,391 67,983 962 14,648 36, 465 131,758 5,013 " 12,812 63,606 1,190 13,952 33,220 161, 618 398, 938 212 144, 143 65,764 33,786 13,827 43,535 11,040 1,800 ;, 550 59 1,500 498 3,481 37, 722 860, 278 2,270,814 205,040 723, 853 7,443 210, 851 374, 096 1, 434, 550 84,850 116, 254 673, 890 15,042 95, 524 312, 522 1,193,027 4, 418, 235 8,015 1,344,454 769, 378 165,771 89, 567 366, 524 71,635 $15,408,988 7,250 261,0.55 59,832 118, 461 26,349 821,268 2,179,003 196,811 695,718 6,507 164, 475 341, 432 1,358,391 81,515 106, 465 651,997 14, 200 ! 85, 119 ! 269, 530 ' 1,116,123 1 4,175,575 7,850 1,252,096 743,656 j 162,276 84, 668 353, 679 08,788 $12, 914, 123 $382, 385 2,000 87,541 92, 471 400,646 4,560 96, 898 450 20, 800 875 30, .500 400 103,915 241,036 1,850 19, 690 19, 950 607, 800 85,314 608, 257 105,811 3,376 37, 870 22, 455 5,250 173,514 59, 832 114,961 26, 349 728, 797 1,778,357 191, 251 598, 820 6,057 143, 675 340,667 1,327,891 81,115 5,550 410, 961 14, 200 83,269 249, 940 1, 096, 173 3,567, 775 7,850 1, 166, 782 235, 399 56, 464 81, 192 315, 809 46,333 $218, 649 $281,942 106, 593 2, 421 65 I 60 46, 118 330 2,053 I 450 ■ 3,229 I 8,267 I 160 667 , 178 262 4,581 8,845 477 1,276 255 387 374 800 13, 951 20, 0U4 1,581 5,947 132 4,692 18,107 2,875 12, 312 600 2,399 1,785 22,719 110 4,811 31,855 19,025 9,314 15 2,740 8,988 220 1,765 5,153 11,954 7,970 461 2,514 31,660 23,214 1 65, 043 40 68,603 21,970 14, 199 23,940 9,470 3,046 1,770 3,229 922 1,189 ! 1,080 $30,535,873 ; 20, 000 681, 649 131, 662 286, 903 57,710 1,593,105 4,030,524 396, 734 1,445,612 18, 366 341, 680 742, 327 2, 788, 287 152, 280 254, 384 1,127,299 32, 339 218, 441 646, 540 2, 070, 362 , 906, 375 22 23 24 25 20, 337 2,872,341 1, 502, 930 378,741 195, 270 578, 099 145, 676 142 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 13 — CARRIAGES AND SLEDS. CHILDREN'S. (See also Furniture.) STATE OR TEEEITOKY. United States Connecticut Illinois Indiana Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states i . . . Number of estab- lish- ments. S4, 335, 626 56,800 258,112 180,000 527, 999 230,042 203, 384 222,261 35, 757 216,714 1,428,298 406, 902 264,472 304, 885 Land. S257, 444 22, 800 15, .500 33, 777 13, 356 4,000 22,000 500 24,600 74,000 28, 000 15,911 3,000 Buildings. 8841,250 800 66, 939 20, 500 79,364 34, 880 20, 257 43, 636 4,500 50, 460 306,145 98, 014 38, 913 76, 852 Machinery, tools, and implements. $721,621 3,800 27, 604 24, 000 48, 436 38, 723 95, 355 47, .550 3, 852 29, 784 214,913 86, 35P 50, 746 50,508 Cash and sun- dries. $2,515,311 52, 200 140, 769 120, 000 366,422 143, 083 83,772 109,075 26,905 111,880 833,240 194,538 158,902 174,525 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- powe r. 42 67 230 522 409 58 164 50 280 738 328 340 620 Group 12.- -CARRIAGES AND WAGONS. (See also Agricultural implements; Automobile bodies and parts; Carriage and ^vagon materials; and special report on Carriages and wag'ons.) 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 United States. Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Khode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states-. . . . 23 16 184 35 21 6 31 75 290 38 102 40 154 HI 280 183 134 12 222 6 17 39 200 4 ,590 125 348 14 601 30 38 3 59 34 3 32 92 25 34 311 5 S126, 320, 604 558, 163 314,919 1,676,158 262, 888 2,087,840 264, 783 50,117 222, 127 1,508,9.58 10, 838, 860 22,276,315 3, 107, 725 324, 166 4,225,145 236, 770 680, 764 898, 874 3,813,839 9, 264, 093 2, 1.59, &85 303, 120 4,878,917 60, 258 202, 933 814, 372 2,545,445 61,050 13,962,721 2,010,457 12, 980, 183 53, 990 93, ,595 8, 830, 520 328, 684 502,243 54,415 1,445,350 285, 514 2,950 214, 301 1,615,715 230, 418 313,614 9,751,420 28, 030 SIO, 867, 701 ,?23, 186, 108 $11,7,85,633 880,481,162 2,235 68,495 30, 025 37,800 354, 140 60,800" 239,655 75, 103 43,804 232, 150 57,600 423, 460 80, 962 42,914 268,598 35,965 196, 592 372, 083 190, 401 821,270 108,623 1,228,133 8 11 112 16 44 459 321 724 84 903 46,315 22, 500 55, 775 133,532 1,063,686 75,085 12,700 38, 150 ■ 206,093 2,140,279 25,930 6,800 * 32, 758 185,897 976,613 117,453 8,117 95, 444 983,436 6,658,282 9 2 10 35 157 . 104 67 169 1,251 5,752 674,960 171,276 32, 100 286,341 53,610 4,571,858 367,560 72,625 735, 835 44,410 1,602,747 241,323 31, 105 301,518 45, 155 15, 426, 750 2,337,566 188,336 2,901,451 93,595 103 52 10 37 16 9,708 1,513 96 3,256 220 52,275 60, 650 381,254 .500,475 197, 040 170,800 276,333 534, 159 1,382,093 414, 244 92,736 103, 970 445,535 844,356 267,577 344,9.53 457,921 2,452,891 6, 737, 169 1,281,024 57 26 112 101 73 702 564 1,770 6,796 1,712 36, 574 344,262 9,000 55,700 99,460 30,721 655, 176 3,100 42,800 209,295 49,990 391,796 17,422 26,281 87,256 185, 835 3,485,683 30, 736 78, 152 418,361 8 103 5 10 29 413 1,970 21 94 507 458,570 9,050 1,724,141 95,835 885,593 665,088 9,500 2,612,456 263,575 2, 130, 062 286,523 5,500 1,378,529 195,275 1,032,288 1,135,264 37,000 8,247,595 1,455,772 8,932,240 68 2 239 60 162 1,091 24 6,310 1,310 7,375 7,025 3,300 1,275,394 62,000 38,410 15. 750 11,489 2,078,435 66, 100 53, 234 6,300 22,308 1,071,623 52, 828 .M,396 24,916 56, 498 4,406,168 147, 756 356,203 6 S 247 14 10 15 95 4,908 1.58 420 9,600 138, 182 53,348 200 23,420 23, 000 196,179 68, 403 750 68, 200 3,000 212,784 51,719 900 29,005 18,915 899,205 112,044 1,100 93,676 2 26 12 16 1,107 118 23 324 130,560 52, 800 50, 175 849, 643 1,350 244,630 37,650 53,004 1, 780, 170 4,000 115,625 53,000 39,766 960,928 11,650 1,124,900 86,968 170,669 6,160,679 11,030 35 20 14 149 3 778 130 365 5,736 50 'Includes establishments distributed as follows: Maine, 1; Maryland, 2. GENERAL TABLES. 143 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued. Gl-Qup l'.i.— CAKKIACiES AND Sl,EDS, CHIKiDREN'S. (Spf also Furniture. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. 5-2 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEKKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNEKS. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Niiinl'or. Salaries. Total. Men. Women. Number.! Salaries. Number. Salaries. Nunilier. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 324 S341,305 60 .?!«,, 045 264 S2.'4,360 207 5207,308 57 $27,0.K 4,934 3,226 1 4 2 3 3 3 s 1 2 1.5 2 7 1 1 5 28 22 1 ^^ 29 21 12 6 8 1 74 39 19 17 5,540 25,928 19,632 51,342 25,740 20,950 17,040 3,280 8,616 81,217 43,170 19,060 19,790 5 23 19 38 21 17 8 1 5 63 34 19 11 5,540 19,278 15,032 33,342 14,040 13,2,'JO 9,840 250 3,716 69,742 33,420 19,060 7,850 3 19 13 32 15 12 7 4,, TOO 16,828 12,580 30,220 11,920 10,620 9,240 2 4 6 6 6 5 1 1 2 15 5 3 1 1,040 2,450 2,452 ■3,122 2,120 2,630 600 250 776 6,524 2,944 2,040 104 136 217 179 730 371 195 213 70 332 1,218 541 305 427 67 147 89 462 151 136 168 41 199 973 230 251 t: 5 3 6 8 4 4 5 3 11 5 6,650 4,000 18,000 11,700 7,700 7,200 3,030 4,900 21,475 9,750 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 48 29 16 10 2,940 53,218 30,476 17,020 7,746 10 11 12 13 6 11,940 312 14 Group 12. -('.4RKIAGE:S and wagons. (See also Agricultural implements; Automobile bodies and parts; Carriage and wagon materials; and special report on Carriages and wagons.) 27 15 236 39 108 28 6 42 91 338 19S 120 53 120 46 LSI 14S 343 204 171 11 274 229 6 71.'i 160 430 15 758 33 42 2 73 41 46 111 36 43 3S7 1 9 87 401 796 175 12 163 11 14 31 120 514 74 17 260 6 11 16 490 64 741 1 4 310 8 16 2 83 9 70 12 18 246 1 28,021 8,373 48,675 8,900 110,.'5O8 5,260 1,560 6,010 96, 786 466,781 808,928 176,950 9,280 163,350 10,576 11,499 17,966 109,140 493,. 523 79,516 17,244 285,791 6,000 8,823 20,6.50 86,541 1,920 604,819 59,628 707,490 520 1,033 277.310 6;756 20,480 2,000 94,346 8,636 1,000 61,226 10,768 16,375 276,385 1,800 866 23 81 100 26 3 20 5 5 9 17 75 15 3 77 2 1 3 24 108 10,780 900 20,794 2,500 44,497 40,842 160,670 217,647 46,200 3,600 47,422 7,140 6,720 6,772 32,620 160, 196 29,700 4,500 113,393 2,100 1,500 8,000 29,646 156,368 21,760 196,462 73,188 1,200 6, .300 2,000 43,606 5,408 21,100 1,500 3,300 66, 138 1,800 4,192 64 320 "149 143 6 103 439 59 14 183 4 10 13 418 40 633 1 4 262 7 12 54 11 16 210 83,640,792 17,241 7,473 27,881 6,400 66,011 5,260 1,560 6,010 56,944 306,111 .591,281 130,750 6,680 116,928 3,436 4,779 11,194 76,520 333,327 49,816 12,744 172,398 3,900 7,323 12,660 66,895 1,920 448,461 37,868 611,028 520 1,033 204, 122 5,556 14,180 50,740 3,136 1,000 40, 126 9,268 13,076 210,247 3,443 21 9 28 6 ^49 8 1 9 66 268 668 128 7 118 6 20 70 348 64 14 155 3 365 36 484 1 3 235 13 175 83,306,893 16,641 6,746 26, 148 6,300 61,973 6,260 1,660 6,010 51,864 276,724 629,699 120,211 4,680 106,668 3,436 3,815 10,790 ■64,285 291,983 47,446 12,744 157,301 3,600 5,903 11,010 55,419 1,920 423,476 36,466 449,905 520 818 190,946 5,156 13,040 43,938 3,136 1,000 37,346 8,648 11,400 193, 163 138 21 53 4 149 8333,1 600 728 2,733 100 4,038 4,080 29,387 61,582 10,539 1,000 10,360 964 404 12,235 41,344 2,370 15,097 300 1,420 1,640 1,476 24,985 1,402 61,123 216 13,176 400 1,140 6,802 2,780 720 1,675 17,084 ,698 459 170 1,168 200 1,649 186 72 247 1,350 6,126 8,788 1,468 260 2,117 350 613 934 2,873 6,085 1,153 194 3,366 30 191 433 1,916 32 8,079 1,658 61 81 6,643 289 422 20 48,436 207 116 810 157 1,206 117 36 167 863 3,014 6,644 850 184 1,481 251 376 641 1,764 3,446 2,014 19 106 343 183 301 739 j 21 169 ! 22 1,404 27 21 28 6,321 29 1,176 30 6,234 31 18 37 ,790 38 251 180 39 U 6 40 130 94 41 1,203 940 42 257 164 43 249 190 44 3,956 3,014 45 32 28 4b 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Arizona,!; Indian Territory, 1; Nevada,!; North Dalcota, 1 ; Wyoming,!. 144 MANUFACTURES. Table 5. ^SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 13.— CARRIAGES AND SLEDS, CHIliDRElN'S— Continued. WAGE-EARNERS AND "WAGES. STATE OR TERRITORY. Total. Average number. United States. Connecticut Illinois Indiana Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states 99 177 118 593 242 159 192 57 249 397 271 363 Wages. 4,003 ; SI. 782, 984 47,713 85, 377 49,983 313, 441 83, 584 69, 549 80, 844 22, 287 116, 163 480, 711 170, 003 • 89,641 173,688 Men 16 years and over. Average number. 3,658 97 16S 113 533 234 135 168 47 243 1,011 318 246 348 Wages. 11,687,383 47, 323 80, 992 48, 568 289,273 81,442 64, 471 72, 545 19, 922 114, 293 458,991 153, 532 84, 641 171,390 Women 16 years and over. Average number. Wages. S80, 283 390 4,385 1,300 20, 540 1,497 5,078 8,299 1,325 1,670 21,720 11,779 2,000 400 Children under 16 years. Average number. Wages. $16,318 1 14 4 115 3,628 645 3 1 1,040 300 26 15 14 4,692 3,000 1,898 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. 8615,143 7,640 55, 629 32,639 52, 024 28, 363 23, 656 9,989 6,481 64, 662 216, 087 70, 006 22, 670 36, 397 Rent of works. $33,703 2,440 640 1,390 3,314 3,000 900 6,012 840 IQ, 070 Taxes, not including Internal revenue. 5,097 S26, 899 300 1,363 1,233 4,300 1,629 709 1,261 75 1.163 10, 862 442 1.456 2,216 Group 12.— CARRIAGES AND AVAGONS— Continued United States . . Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin - - . - All other states. . . 60,- 370 134 938 177 1,372 137 ' 62 196 1,115 4,186 7,166 1,103 214 1,812 293 451 774 2,232 4,688 872 171 2,636 23 144 382 1,638 26 (J, 789 1.373 li. 768 43 52 5. 569 238 :i4i; 19 917 211 8 108 1,046 201 221 3,506 25 $30, 878, 229 161,399 60, 898 684, 812 129, 567 690, 185 68,992 26, 249 101, 890 426, 484 2,320,141 3,264,027 628, 016 105, 168 800, .331 159,317 243, 678 347, 236 1,367,349 2, 246, 493 424, 777 74, 953 1,477,540 19,900 83, 155 229,624 900, 903 19,947 3,936,924 481,528 3, 335, .5,51 23, 407 36,209 2,794,366 140,218 118,280 12, .52,S 416. i;x2 124; 082 5,075 58, 825 372, 490 1,58, 200 113.032 l,72J,ni7 14,295 59, 411 350 132 932 171 1,370 136 61 193 1,094 4,123 6,854 1,088 212 1,750 291 450 770 2,211 4,570 169 2,582' 22 142 381 1,034 26 6,719 1,292 6,548 43 62 5,488 225 329 19 904 211 8 108 997 200 219 3, 461 25 S30, 625, 616 167,828 60, 698 683, 157 128, 309 689, 655 68, 886 24,937 101,418 421,160 2,300,366 3, 172, 498 622, 503 104, 794 787, 598 159,011 243, 110 346, 688 1,358,979 2,206,708 423,977, 74, 693 1, 459, 470 19, 760 82, 789 229. 174 960. 175 19,947 3,918,222 466, 607 3,267,028 23, 407 36,209 2,778,910 139,263 115,010 12, 528 414, 080 124, 082 5, 675 68, 825 363, 388 157,960 113,716 1,709,1,% 14,296 5 50 225 14 1 23 30 114 $266, 674 100 '536' 2,050 16,206 63, 106 5.213 150 5,024 8,120 38, 426 642 460 260 16,201 2. 476 68,067 6,973 I 955 i. 1,936 750 240 . 136 11,278 886,040 3.571 300 1,655 1,248 107 312 472 3,274 3,570 18.423 300 224 7,709 306 648 250 1,360 158 260 1,416 160 366 2,601 12, 446 466 9, 4,S2 1,334' 8,352 1S2 3,604 SIO.182,614 77, 199 12,872 169, 439 21,262 104,042 16, 504 4,873 27, 279 137, 456 844, 469 1, 173, 980 424, 778 26, 290 364, 043 17, 862 44, 061 63, 496 336,964 933, 855 135,948 16,045 490, 140 5,630 24, 252 36, 146 191,970 1,201 1,31,1204 109,190 1,481,686 3,149 5,940 603, 466 19,086 28, 441 2.010 122,837 21,224 702 8, 3,53 81,938 21,603 20,826 644; 000 81,144,392 6,100 1,093 68.357 8,174 23, 085 3,883 2,100 6,539 9,868 119,376 36, 198 18, 874 2, i;s,s 8, 723 5, .398 7,101 17,801 90, 749 18, 568 14, 123 240 98,867 1,920 6,362 2,270 29, 829 263,014 8,420 112,329 800 4,046 84, 468 6, 916 1,932 23,204 6,840 222 632 8,583 9,203 1,775 12, 177 1,545 3,090 2,271 9,759 2,569 12, 635 1,319 610 1,797 10,469 56,795 93, 138 16, 677 2,408 22, 141 981 4,995 6,358 24,866 75, 494 11,561 1,189 23,880 416 1,674 5,514 16, 844 485 90, 210 12, 192 75, 446 416 365 36,999 1,641 2,566 640 8,599 2,393 18 1,716 8,668 2,253 1, ,521 48,939 358 GENERAL TABLES. 145 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 12.— CARKIAIJES AND SLEDS, CHILDItTCN'S Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd . Ilent of offices, inrerest, etc. Contract work. r.0,731 4,900 53,626 29,126 47,724 25,444 19,633 .'i, 72S 5,506 46,047 203,205 59,494 21,214 ifl.osi S3, 810 1,450 180 Aggregate 104,835 138,481 68, 469 438, 107 149,524 74,-528 162,376 21,461 183,070 802, 586 316,587 181,139 199,299 COST OF MATERIALS USED. J^rincipal materials. Total. 100,660 132,777 66,469 429,581 145,671 68,892 160,641 21,113 169, 106 737, 141 308, 172 178,964 196, 578 Purchased in raw state. $142,660 45, 000 100 10, 100 Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). 82,572,015 8,000 3,850 23,361 850 13,300 55,660 132,677 55,369 429,. 581 137,926 6.S,S92 1.12,6-11 li 17.263 14-i,V4.i 736, 291 294,872 178,964 166, 134 Rent of power and hcat- S4S,796 1,290 3,7,54 l,8fM 6,42(i 2, rm 2,-S75 662 300 1,879 22,912 2,113 700 1,421 81,8-37 Mill sup- plies- 828,067 Freight. 847,097 60 300 237 600 160 60 76 25 100 335 2,100 497 .560 273 48 617 16,927 4,660 625 1,300 2,860 1,790 500 542 1,964 200 25,446 1,592 775 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. i, 370, 911 195,900 333,660 173,619 940, 228 336,888 226,806 306,030 59,216 462,362 1,823,304 680, 165 327,918 515,826 Group 12.— CARRIAGES AND WAGONS— Continued. lis. 009 11,023 S7, 2.S1 9,719 64,740 4,S-5 14,042 800 3,-">82 10, 102 2,163 200 13,443 117,119 5,-500 659, 122 1,039,175 389,062 21,039 316,526 11,483 9,176 5,469 1,165 155 j 6,653 23,364 36,382 203,621 817, 252 108,250 14,616 8,601 2,9-56 17,719 22,541 2,024 360, 377 2,796 16, 216 7,016 400 27,372 136,497 716 990 ; 8,800 938,079 86,866 1,278,679 1,933 21,901 1,722 15,132 1,529 471,483 9,829 23,963 10,505 700 1,370 90,909 . 10,091 212 5,805 64,384 8,997 17, 530 125 1,900 260 200 403 i 1,050 671,290 2,322 ii,-594 ^ 369,470 70,219 789,413 132,648 666,068 102, 352 21,776 124,177 1,222,149 4,886,773 8,698,170 1,479,085 116, 724 2,089,687 151,365 392,280 487, 231 1,666,271 7,005.109 781,727 96, 491 3,687,478 37,369 113,340 196,851 1,036,002 27,364 5,008,143 1,229,396 8,437,362 26,008 45,761 3,557,514 116,627 289, 740 9,903 898,447 130, 164 4,315 54,816 1,029,976 188, 314 210, 452 3,725,358 17,3.53 858,675,823 330,009 67,344 726,785 121,617 625,437 99,649 20,736 119,445 1,161,580 4,676,946 8,316,808 1,414,664 110,766 2,035,098 142,018 375,548 470,479 1,578,678 6,727,628 723,338 90,008 3,490,652 33,856 105,182 183,705 980,935 25, 642 4,758,079 1,162,869 8,201,981 22,407 41,394 3,410,452 108, 260 283,322 8,993 841, 164 122,234 4,138 49,675 988,656 173,033 193,306 3,-537,036 15,382 -858,675,823 330,009 67,344 726,785 121,617 626,437 99,649 20, 736 119,445 1,161,-580 4,676,945 8,316,808 1,414,664 110,7-56 2,036,098 142,018 375,-548 470,479 1,. 578, 678 6,727,628 723,338 90,008 3,490,652 33,8-56 105, 182 183, 705 980,935 25, -542 4,758,079 1,162,869 8,201,981 22,407 41,394 3,410,462 108, 260 283,322 8, 993 841 , 164 122, 234 4-1-38 49,675 988,656 173,033 193,306 3,537,036 16, 382 4,266 2,057 35,383 7,993 27,610 1,036 850 2,914 12,391 89,367 158,819 25,060 4,162 28,006 5,513 12,006 10,849 42, 575 113,319 27,385 3,423 43,314 1,780 2, 734 7,Sfi;5 35,396 947 131,428 19,344 96,297 961 2,916 85, 230 4,426 4,493 730 14,982 3,844 175 3,296 10, 702 6,454 4,721 77, 156 871 8180,470 8225,667 8,233 670 360 13,266 1,271 1,874 525 75 566 3,710 20,478 13,608 2,978 578 2,480 1,551 1,-525 2,424 16,914 ■4,972 2,843 225 i 11,510 I 690 1,475 1,560 5,617 676 16,732 I 1,146 21,367 628 1,104 9,592 2,138 350 100 1,892 2,498 720 1,270 3,805 181 3,027 2,061 313 3,146 442 2,179 27 40 67 4,376 24,980 27,078 3,618 273 18,313 763 1,496 3,920 18, 757 2,606 1,240 6,401 196 186 1,165 5,037 200 26,098 3,622 29, 261 154 190 11,130 406 1,069 80 5, 1-53 414 2,62/ 498 1,187 13,672 138 32,564 146 10,846 1,325 8,968 1,115 75 1,185 40,092 74,003 82,8-57 32, 775 955 5,790 1,404 8,448 1,983 14, 184 140,433 25,556 1,596 35,601 848 3,763 1,566 9,017 8125,332,976 76,806 42, 516 88,446 1,958 157 41,110 1,398 506 35,2-56 1,174 805 26,721 4,-524 11,0.57 94,468 240 720, 282 189,914 2,220,486 379,368 1,909,483 228, 360 75, 266 344,481 2,303,196 9,798,966 16,228,337 2,974,043 320, 768 4,069,438 436,434 937,644 1,143,463 4,179,724 ■ 12, 101, 170 1,715,8-58 239, 566 6,551,130 107,060 285,984 565,944 2,813,634 66,850 12, 573, 148 2,304,065 16,096,125 66,921 114,429 8,620,787 369,870 648, 226 31,119 37 1,774,726 38 367,547 39 12,300 40 163,756 41 1,913,530 482,263 443, 291 7,611,392 : 43,745 ; -10 146 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 13.— CAKS AlVD GENERAIi SHOP CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIRS BY STEAM RAIl.ROAI> COMPANIES. ^See also Cars, steam railroad, not including: operations of railroad companies; liocomotlves; and special report on Cars, steam and street railroad.) STATE OR TERRITORY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWEK. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements'. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 1,141 $146, 943, 729 820,235,247 $61,803,520 S38, 735, 146 S36, 169, 816 963 214,719 Alabama 16 7 13 28 34 6 6 3 6 28 8 99 4 44 40 23 24 16 15 21 99 34 24 15 34 10 30 6 7 21 10 65 11 3 74 12 128 8 6 16 47 7 6 29 10 24 30 9 4 2,104,291 523,427 561,317 4,046,888 1, 646, 279 1,330,619 1,009,916 201,618 439,845 2,102,313 183, 141 13,241,626 88, 360 5,147,248 3,627,832 3,041,633 2,412,691 1,471,097 1-, 024, 172 2,303,354 4, 494, 294 2,462,881 6,961,326 1,337,132 2,672,946 1,065,108 5,975,368 250, 888 1,044,979 3, 510, 337 936,963 11,661,993 867,666 137,110 7,603,063 390,235 30,417,607 299,923 107,116 2,028,941 4,598,912 522, 140 623,879 2,740,078 1,694,364 1,054,421 3,916,005 900, 678 290,039 181,976 31,800 79,239 863,696 183,846 379,000 14,826 68,400 34,860 416,362 30,476 2, 679, 142 4,300 682,685 366, 629 331,306 484, 609 232,900 60,860 833,196 1,220,550 165,200 746, 989 107, 124 266, 489 66,340 1,960,866 13,000 53., 614 330,800 33,350 1,014,387 41,085 16,000 717,488 55, 500 3,785,045 30,700 4,840 174,330 362, 129 138,370 61,900 112,290 266, 500 68,326 476,101 77, 940 30,000 514,575 272,285 162,813 2,056,440 676,810 199,350 884, 443 87,100 114, 140 664,634 69,656 4,846,197 31,775 2,069,801 1,433,899 1,319,925 486,385 364,860 441,728 666,989 1,363,100 631,678 3,868,215 309,643 925,064 660,231 891,675 88,829 305, 866 1,412,587 360, 428 3,372,067 361,660 90,148 3,260,740 43,597 10,047,891 79,575 35. 225 875,403 1,239,338 169, 606 270,200 840,175 1,039,512 327,795 1,620,103 271 . 376 120.200 664, 663 183,996 174, 710 993,184 507, 243 363, 616 401,916 46,018 182, 127 576, 450 74, 463 2,803,269 14,390 1,246,394 1,271,028 914,953 607,306 280, 534 259, 597 657,936 785,722 943, 487 1,794,572 423,643 943,780 312,207 1,077,373 66,067 281,783 1,227,861 344,472 2,836,967. 251,830 22, 146 1,883,126 108,882 8,288,739 117,966 38, 170 515,490 1,285,044 190,149 172, 629 890,819 3,50, 773 292,270 894, 437 339,781 42, 500 743, 178 35, 346 144,656 144, 668 278,380 398,763 8,732 16 7 12 26 26 4 3 3 6 26 3 76 2 38 32 18 17 14 14 15 20 27 22 11 28 9 16 6 7 20 69 9 3 68 11 114 7 4 13 43 4 6 27 9 ■■)9 25 8 3 3,630 516 1,861 6, 1.52 2,967 810 3,116 612 645 2,206 2,015 21,213 130 10,624 6,062 2,788 2,668 799 1,363 5, 162 2,626 4,693 6,357 1,019 6,006 2,136 6,143 212 1,466 6,664 852 9,142 988 128 18,827 965 46,812 510 285 2,027 3,826 379 1.010 6,340 1,618 2,829 5,685 1,674 583 3 4 'i i\ 7 8 Delaware in 108,718 655,867 18,568 3,214,028 37,895 1,159,368 557,376 475, 349 834, 391 592,813 261,997 146,233 1,124,922 722, 516 661,650 496,822 537,613 16,330 2,045,444 82,992 403,716 639,099 198,703 4,428,672 203,091 8,817 1,641,699 182,256 8,296,932 71,683 28,881 463,718 1,712,401 24,115 119,160 896,794 47, 579 366,031 925, 364 211,582 97,339 11 !■' 13 Illinois 14 Indian Territory ... 11 16 17 IS 19 ■'0 ■>1 Maryland .' 22 9^ Massachusetts , 14 ''^ '>fi 97 9S 9q 30 31 39 33 New York 31 North Carolina ^'i 36 Ohio 37 38 Oregon . . 30 40 South Dakota 41 f Texas Utah 14 46 47 West Virginia 48 49 'if) Wisconsin ." Wyoming 1 Includes establisliments distributed as follows: Alaska,!; Oklaboma, 2; Rhode Island, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 147 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 12 — CARS AND GBNERAl. SHOP CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIRS BV STEAM RAILROAD <0.1IPAN1ES. (See also Cars, steam railroad, not Including' operations oi' railroad companies; liocomotlvcs; and special report on Cars, steam and street railroad.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Aggregate , Ollieers (if eorporjitiDtis. Number. 13,337 239 39 13.J 271 21.5 133 ! S9 45 223 40 1,137 IS.) 211 198 201 372 102 414 381 25 43 35.5 69 991 96 20 1,169 ,271 91 13 179 29 401 63 172 301 76 60 CtMicriil superintendents, managers, cierks, etc. Men. j Wc Nuiiil«'r. Salaries. NiniiliiT. Salaries, Sn, 931, 996 23.j,123 54,200 152,378 313,456 252,8,50 86 , 643 45,408 224,935 45,900 1,061,599 22,430 589,477 371,099 229,502 170,305 188,017 26,676 204,916 168,226 190,932 339,762 107,997 365,714 98,165 189,419 26,224 34,065 307,827 91,263 836,005 78,884 19,283 968,618 61,983 1,852,768 64,392 14,520 173 436 499 426 93 424 20,982 323,3.51 70,035 12S .565 267 732 91 ;«2 67 848 13,337 239 39 135 271 215 133 89 27 45 223 40 1,137 22 672 409 253 185 211 28 226 201 372 102 414 76 381 25 43 355 69 .991 96 20 1,169 49 2,271 91 13 179 29 401 63 172 301 76 60 $11,931,996 235,123 54,200 1,52,378 313,456 2,52,8,50 86,643 82,255 22,599 45,408 224,936 45,900 1,061,599 22,430 589,477 371,099 229,502 170,305 188,017 26,676 204,916 168,226 190,932 339,762 107,997 365,714 98,165 189,419 26,224 34,065 307,827 91,263 836,005 78,884 19,283 968,618 61,983 1,852,768 64,392 14, .520 173,436 499,426 93,424 20,982 323,351 70,035 128,565 267,732 91,382 67,848 Number. Salaries. Niniitier. ,Siil;irleH. 232 .39 1.33 268 211 133 89 27 45 213 1,114 22 660 404 250 183 211 13,135 i ?11,829,974 231,497 .54,200 151,623 311,387 250,390 86,643 82,255 22,599 45,408 220,314 45,060 1,050,969 22,430 682,932 368,619 227,388 169,225 188,017 26,172 204,451 195 166,476 198 190,014 368 337,660 100 106,737 404 360,163 76 98,165 381 189,419 25 26,224 43 34,065 345 303,061 69 91,263 972 827,541 96 78,884 19 18,563 1,149 958,430 49 61,983 2,238 1,835,856 90 64,032 13 14,520 175 171,156 429 497,206 88 92,584 23 19,482 401 323,351 63 70,035 172 128,666 2B7 266,032 I.:) 91,230 .58 66,708 3|- 755 2,069 2,460 4,621 840 10,630 .504 465 1,750 918 2,102 1,260 5,551 4,776 10,1 16,912 360 WAGE-EARNERS. 2,280 2,220 840 1,500 2,700 152 1,140 Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 272,638 6,0.52 1,326 2,843 9,, 345 3,623 2,364 1,602 725 1,190 5,130 764 21,520 337 12,684 7,095 6,839 5,185 2,946 1,015 5,414 4,520 4,947 6,250 3,081 7,790 1,142 3,914 424 1,047 6,427 1,885 16,902 2,177 157 19,. 569 1,045 47,540 1,252 251 5,222 9,622 1,543 886 12,192 1,493 4,940 5,956 1,492 974 Least number employed at any one time dur- ing tbe year. 209,646 4,948 1,007 2,178 7,074 3,526 1,669 987 658 1,047 4,491 655 16,347 142 10,080 5,682 5,564 4,220 2,106 727 4,674 3,024 3,977 5,317 2,307 5,950 958 2,737 350 947 4,728 1,451 12,551 1,782 137 14,767 825 36,450 1,017 154 4,357 7,543 1,378 784 6,861 1,175 3,711 4,941 1,073 714 148 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Uroup 13 CAKS AND GENERAL, SHOP CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIRS BV STEAM RAILROAD COMPANIES— Continued. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 STATE OR TERRITORY. WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Total. Average number. Wages. United States 236,900 , $142,188,336 Alabama. . Arizona... Arkansas. . California. Colorado. . Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia. Florida Georgia 12 Idaho 13 ! Illinois Indian Territory. Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky . Louisiana. Maine Maryland . Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire . New Jersey New Mexico . . . . New York North Carolina. North Dakota. . Ohio O regon Pennsylvania- . . South Carolina. South Dakota.. Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington. West Virginia. . . Wisconsin Wyoming All other states. 5,501 1,159 2,508 8,251 3,052 1,975 1,341 648 1,111 4,777 713 19,095 274 11,348 6,372 ,196 6, 4, 2,434 863 4,977 4,004 4,435 5,767 2,653 6,760 1,039 3,245 315 1,007 6,556 1,667 14, 172 1,973 146 17,026 930 41,838 1,131 184 4,760 8,593 1,248 833 7,345 1,327 4,255 .5,444 1,212 852 2, 992, 577 961, 296 1,544,917 6,067,789 2, 264, 859 1, 256, 308 814, 945 367, 025 561,334 2, 415, 744 639,313 12, 104, 522 184. 023 6,664,212 3,859,893 3,929,831 2, 524, 796 1, 284, 599 467, 594 2, 836, 848 2,521,509 2, 496, 947 3, 300, 180 1, 420, 876 4, 164, 684 799, 468 2, 108, 816 279,887 570, 229 3, 220, 032 1,228,641 7,996,695 1,022,970 101,785 9,889,812 677, 312 25, 516, 964 577, 191 105, 684 2,616,984 5, 369, 960 964, 391 450. 024 3, 663, 208 869, 044 2,114,096 3, 127, 564 884, 005 496, 954 ,, ,/. .1 Women 16 years and Men 16 years and over. -J, Average iv-iffes Average number. ^ ' number. 236,304 8141,978,983 5,489 1,159 2,508 8,249 3,049 1,973 1,339 614 1,110 4,767 713 19,043 274 11,333 6,366 6,189 4,580 2,434 863 4, 969 3,998 4,431 5,764 2,653 6,755 1,039 3,245 315 1,004 5,535 1,662 14,156 1,969 146 16,996 930 41,573 1,122 184 4,736 8,593 1,247 833 7,334 1,326 4, 232 5,441 1,212 852 2,989,693 961,296 1,544,917 I 6,067,239 2,263,268 1,256,471 814,227 ' 354,051 561,063 2,413,692 639, 12,084, 184, 6, 659, 3,857, 3, 928, 2, 521, 1,284, • 457, 2, 833, 2,519, 2, 496, 3, 299, 1,420, 4, 162, 799, 2, 108, 279, 569, 3, 212, 1, 226, 7,990, 1,022, 101, 9,877, 677, 25, 416, .575, 106, 2,612, 5, 369, 963, 450, 3, 659, 2,107, 3, 126, 884, 4i)i;, 313 938 023 017 765 196 841 .599 594 874 189 782 464 876 468 816 887 761 545 835 : 436 370 785 960 312 961 624 684 781 024 591 624 414 005 954 49 Children under 16 years. Wflsps I Average " "iges. , number. $185, 891 102 24 10 1 1,343 1,591 837 718 12, 974 271 2,052 Wages. $23, 462 1,641 '""556' 5, 196 2,036 1,000 92 7 1,635 8 2,954 8 6 4 2,974 2, 320 - 1,165 3 71;: 600 11,8.52 88, 339 1,387 62 11,664 1 180 MISCELLANEOOS EXPENSES. Total. Rent of works. 134, 703 21,504 18, 977 203,762 78,389 27,489 12, 255 6,524 6,768 77, 261 2,676 246,687 15 254, 893 73, 245 102, 668 88,164 48, 494 21, 075 99, 915 58,969 82, 129 25, 445 25,082 ';. 76,148 4, 668 ■ I . 178,008 1. 3,785 . 21,114 . 200,700 . i! 64, 123 - 236,162 7,673 II 325 4,301 100 12,980 3,377 420 3,139 1,160 2,970 358, 137 140,518 1,221,323 5, 462 50 70,685 127,844 2,158 11,944 98,271 25,131 68,712 45,358 132,357 6,310 250 360 0,000 100 Taxes, not including internal revenue. $4,821,710 $111,347 $711,692 10,685 2,201 3,397 31,754 14,916 25 978 84 1,041 19,961 2,591 49,544 16 46, 332 4,453 20,888 14, 146 11,235 6,904 2,596 28, 184 19, 435 1,816 4,543 16, 653 4,668 13,704 1,810 6,674 8, 223 2,245 63,800 4,810 81,849 9,883 97,016 3,477 50 8,045 26, 553 1,958 2,992 19,829 19,063 10, 376 1,380 8,228 1,593 GENERAL TABLES. 149 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 13 — CARS AND GENERAL. SHOI» ecial report on Cars, steam and street railroad.) 1 United States . 73 888,179,047 $3,691,364 $11,681,648 .$11,850,406 861,0.55,630 ' 66 70, 183 Delaware . . o 3 16 6 4 4 6 4 5 9 17 2,707,101 15, 467, 326 5,304,214 1,499,210 7,783,077 6,686,534 2, 890. 866 3,297,777 31,623,686 11,019,266 227, 500 497,041 212, 000 45, 468 710, 500 416, 634 372, 306 61,276 708,953 440,687 565, 641 3,783,670 810,000 198, 262 1,019,024 846, 486 667, 330 262, 796 2, 623, 799 915,641 567, 448 2,332,697 726, 054 198,000 1,585,820 738, 853 528,013 107, 760 3, 604, 677 1,471,083 1,356.612 8,853,918 3, 556, 160 1,057,480 4, 467, 733 4,686,561 1,423,207 2,875,947 24,586,257 8,191,855 3 13 i 5 4 4 5 3 4 9 16 1,887 17,106 4, 761 470 9,243 4,108 2,535 3,599 20, 304 6,170 3 4 Indiana 5 6 7 8 Michigan Missouri 9 10 Ohio 11 Group 12.— CARS, STREET RAILROAD, NOT INCLUDING OPERATIONS OF RAILROAD COMPANIES. (See also Cars and general shop construction and repairs by street railroad comi>anies; and special report on Cars, steam and street railroad.) 1 14 812,975,703 5972,, S04 81.823.271 81.912.299 $8,267,329 14 9 763 Ohio. *? ■ 4 10 1,7'I8,065 11,227,638 61,294 1 297,942 911,510 ! 1,526,329 318,322 1,693.977 1,070.607 'i 7,196..S22 4 10 2 375 s All other states 3 , . 7 388 Groui> 3 .-CASH REGISTERS AND CALCULATING MACHINES. 1 32 87,687,972 $326, 636 $730, 628 $1,233,866 s.5.2m;.843 31 6,479 Illinois 7 4 6 16 609,782 1 632, 494 4,642,053 2,003,643 5,000 8,320 242, 260 71,066 2, 500 46, 679 612.. 500 168.949 246,842 96. 490 522, 663 368,870 255,440 382,006 3, 264, 640 1,394, 7.-,.S 7 4 5 15 86 98 5,538 767 •^ New York . 4 Ohio (i All other states ^ . 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 2; Connecticut, 2; Delaware, 1; District of Columbia, 2; Kansas, 1; Maine, 2; Minnesota, 2; Nebraska, 1; Oregon, 1; Texas, 1; Utah, 1; Virginia, 2; Washington, 2; Wisconsin, 1. 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 2; Colorado, 1; Georgia, 2; Iowa, 1; Kansas,!: Kentucky, 1; Marvland 1; New Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 2; Tennessee, 2; West Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 2. GENERAL TABLES. 151 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 12.— CAKS AND GEINERAL, SHOP CONSTRUCTION ANB REPAIRS BY STREET RAlIiROAD COMPANIES. (See also Cars, street railroad, uot lucliidlii^ operations of railroad companies; and special report on Cars, steam and street railroad.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALA corporations. Salaries. S45,.5H« ^lED OFFIC lALS, CLEEKS, ETi . WAGE-E Greatest ARNERS. Aggregate. 1 Omcersot !~ r Number. General superintendei ts, managers. Men. ■Inrks.c'tc. Least Total. W Numl^er. omen. employed employed at any one j at any one time dur- ! time dur- ing the ing the year. year. 12,576 , 9,477 Number. Salaries. Number. 474 Salaries. Nuniljer. 468 Salaries. S4H3,!)23 Salaries. 83,198 499 S542,liS7 S.197.121 (1 1 91 29 5 6 2 14 2S 20 169 19 44 93.S41 31,107 5,340 6,449 2.O80 18,593 43,877 26,309 167,732 16,678 44,867 85,314 1 100 2,700 90 ! <13,741 27 ■'« 407 90 '5 4 1 14 22 20 165 14 36 70 93,741 28. 407 6,340 4,229 1,080 18,593 24,477 26,309 165,284 14,392 38,457 73,614 941 1 71H 1,131 ' 852 150 1 99 132 1 95 960 ■ 847 460 1 335 1,071 ' 801 446 284 4,431 3.012 ■' ■1 5 4 1 14 22 20 169 14 37 71 5,340 4,229 1,080 18,593 24,477 26,309 167,732 14,392 38,-507 74,314 4 1 2,220 1,500 5 6 7 1 19,400 8 Q 4 2,448 10 5 7 1 2.2.S6 6,360 11,000 165 1,2,30 1,459 135 1,110 1,189 11 1 1 50 700 1' 13 1 Group 12.— CARS, STEAM KAIL.ROAD, NOT INCLUDING OPERATIONS OF RAILROAD COMPANIES. (See also Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam railroad companies; and special report on Cars, steam and street railroad.) ,303 102 628 89 26 156 197 136 83 546 340 S2, 854, 690 112, 424 718,968 108, 163 40,978 150,027 210,607 142,273 134,919 842,445 393,886 S794,739 18,725 183,276 22,800 16,300 18,800 43,916 26,861 47,100 303,530 113,431 98 590 82 21 152 183 130 73 488 309 $2,059,951 93,699 535,692 85,363 24,678 131,227 166,691 115,412 87,819 538,915 280,455 052 82,016,874 74 94 91,575 4 573 .526,070 17 Tl 80,983 5 19 23,274 2 143 128,081 9 174 161,711 9 129 114,634 1 69 86,290 4 471 528,855 17 303 275, 401 6 843,077 ! 55.167 15,843 1 2,124 2,067 1,027 2 9,622 13,676 > 2,975 3 4,380 4,973 2,025 4 1,404 1 1,061 881 h 3,146 ■ 7,288 566 6 4,980 5,379 2,232 7 778 2,642 421 8 1,529 2,438 1,421 9 10,060 10,404 1,979 10 6,054 5,239 2.316 11 Group 13.— CARS, STRE:£:T RAILROAD, NOT INCLUDINO OPERATIONS OF RAILROAD COMPANIES. (See also Cars and general sliop constrnetiou and. repairs by street railroad companies; and special report on Cars, steam and street railroad.) 3 264 8398,246 29 8119,915 235 8278,331 214 $268,525 21 89,806 6,175 2,992 1 70 194 92,609 305,637 9 20 26,000 93,915 61 174 66,609 211,722 53 161 63,435 205,090 8 13 3,174 6,632 1,089 5,086 502 2,490 2 3 3 Grou ) 3.-CASH REGISTERS AND CALCULATING MACHINES >. 10 923 .SI, 108, 859 59 8351,590 864 46 23 681 114 87.57,269 593 8647,180 271 8110,089 4,911 3,566 1 4 1 2 3 51 28 715 129 58,356 42,778 852,585 1.55.140 5 6 34 15 14,800 17,100 281,910 37,780 43,556 25,678 570,675 117,360 33 17 453 90 39,130 22,348 481,099 104,603 13 6 228 24 4,426 3,330 89,576 12,757 306 300 3,289 1,016 248 88 2,694 536 2 3 4 5 3 Includes establishments distributed as follows; California, 2; Colorado,!; Missouri, 2; New Jersey, 1; New York, 2; North. Carolina, 1; Pennsylvania,!. * Includes establishments distributed as follows: Connecticut, 3; Indiana,!; Massachusetts, 2; Michigan, 2; Missouri, 3; New Jersey, 2; Pennsylvania,!; Rhode Island, 1. 152 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 12.-CAKS AND GENEKAl. SHOP CONSTRUCTION ANB REPAIRS BY STREET RAILROAD COMPANIES-Continued. WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. Total. STATE OE TERRITORY, Average number. United States. 11,062 I $7,012,79 California. Illinois Iowa Kentucky . Massachusetts. Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania . . . All other states. 862 1,006 120 103 903 424 935 366 3,710 150 1,176 1,317 671, 866 654, 486 64,073 48, 560 602,384 245,804 602, 774 224, 878 2, 260, 615 93,788 687, 088 856, 482 Men 16 years and over. Average number. Wages. 11,009 $6,S95,067 852 1,003 120 102 888 424 934 356 3,690 150 1,175 1,315 671, 866 653, 286 64,073 48, 267 596, 222 245, 804 602, 589 224, 878 2, 251, 255 93, 788 686, 698 866, 341 Women 16 years and over. Average number. 38 Wages. S16,722 1,200 Children under 16 years. Average I -^vages. number, i ^ li, 162 $1,009 293 390 141 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. $418,276 1,635 39, 424 6,062 5,438 4,765 10, 102 74, 352 26,076 153, 681 6,956 43,625 46, 160 Rent ol works. S4,296 1,800 1,200 1,296 Taxes, not including internal revenue. $116,302 585 20,974 2,917 1,570 1,030 2,013 18, 619 3,855 38,831 2,725 8,200 13,983 Group 13 CARS, STEAM RAILROAD, NOT INCLUDING OPERATIONS OF RAILROAD COMPANIES-Continued. 1 United States Delaware Illinois Indiana 34,068 $20,247,821 33, 896 $20,191,342 135 $50,876 27 $5, 604 $5,198,831 $147,675 $261,069 1,559 9,036 3,252 892 3,831 3,186 1,602 2,066 6,461 3,176 1,031,334 5,930,761 1,927,573 613,787 2,200,977 1,843,384 984,028 1,197,667 3,060,906 1,567,615 1,546 8,986 3,252 892 3,825 3,174 1,576 2,058 6,443 3,145 1,027,488 5,909,759 1,927,573 513,787 2, 199, 157 1,839,369 974, 732 1,195,399 3,056,690 1,547,388 12 60 3,690 21,002 1 156 169, 888 1,204,095 244, 382 73,056 602,778 713,692 93,095 195,475 1, 468, 804 443,666 7,958 72,909 23,963 7,472 30, 113 16,350 16, 448 24,011 32,338 30, 497 ^ 73, 610 1,200 16,000 6 11 27 7 1 21 1,820 4,015 9,290 2,158 152 8,742 23,967 144 2,301 4,024 26,329 Ohio in 17 9 4,063 1,385 11 Group 13.— CARS, STREET RAILROAD, NOT INCLUDING OPERATIONS OF RAILROAD COMPANIES-Continued. United States. Ohio All other states. ,730 766 3,966 $2, 839, 579 474, 738 2, 364, 841 4,667 764 3,903 $2,823,966 474, 438 2, 349, 528 $4,619 $10,994 300 10, 694 $980,970 133, 579 847,391 1,300 6,000 $32, 87' 7,229 25,648 Group 3 CASH REGISTERS AND CALCULATING MACHINES— Continued. 1 United States 4,079 S2, 442,001 3,659 $2,293,659 415 $147,366 5 $976 .?2, 903, 086 $24, 461 $37, 125 270 146 2,845 818 152,762 76, 636 1,760,482 452, 121 270 146 2,499 744 162,762 76, 636 1,634,818 429, 443 1 76,666 106, 725 2,123,858 596,837 6,878 1,000 4,635 11,948 1,565 716 30, 336 4,618 ■^ 1 1 4 346 70 126,376 21,990 1 4 288 088 <^ All other states GENERAL TABLES. 153 STATES AND 'TERRITORIES: 190.S-Coiitiniio <<»,TIPVNIES Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES — cont'd. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract VfOTk. S285, 483 : 113, 195 1,060 16,650 3,145 ' 3,868 : 3,735 8,089 55,733 19,121 3,100 103,555 1 10,095 2,935 I 35,425 1 32,177 Aggregiitc. So. 463, 360 461.101 417,545 74,932 63, 493 383, 705 313,022 489,958 1,297,905 54,949 482,962 964, 196 IIST OF MATEEI-\LS USElT. Principal materials. 446, 155 381,874 74. 643 63,038 374, 697 303, 691 471,497 463, 606 .222.967 47.324 473.253 928.082 Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (inclnd- ; ing "all other \ materials"). 446, 156 381,874 74,543 63.038 374, 697 303, 691 471,497 463, 606 1.222,967 47, 324 no. 253 928, 082 Mill sup- plies. Freight. $45,931 1,855 11,756 364 120 1,784 4,320 5,636 1,135 3. 423 5.673 4,936 5,029 S3, 340 200 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. .?13, 437, 121 1,228,443 1, 142, 562 150, 407 123,940 993, 434 587, 521 1,210,961 746, 856 3,879,933 172, 371 1,258,5'?2 1,942,162 Group 12 OARS, STEAM RAIIiROAD, NOT INCJUJDING OPERATIONS OF RAILROAD COMPANIES Continued. S4,75S.74S $31,449 $75,657,126 $73,304,762 $157,577 $73,147,185 $1,447,703 $8,034 $206,068 S690, 659 $111,175,310 1 161, 776 1.032,329 218,219 4^,684 572. 665 672,940 76, .503 169. 163 1, 419; 484 386,085 154 25,247 1,000 1,941.642 21,172.7.58 6,844.(147 1,206,763 9,517,496 8.378,556 2.755,043 3,358,171 13,821.410 6,661,242 1,888,913 20.658,686 6.272,473 1.17'.^014 9.192,528 8,198,083 2,697,378 3,306,397 13, 443, 086 6,468,204 1,888,913 20,652,656 6,214,878 1, '79 014 9, 179; 966 8,191,401 2,696,030 3,306,397 13,433,374 6, 404, 556 49, 645 ,-!30,810 130,618 12,776 219,894 174,627 44,281 48,853 321, 120 115,079 766' 3,084 42, 376 6, 9,% 1,497 60,916 5,367 12,884 2,921 57,204 13,863 3,699,736 30, 926, 464 10.035,971 l,v,56,3.53 13,467,751 12,069,226 4,250,812 5,539,408 19, 428, 230 9,901,359 •y 6,030 57,595 140, 186 435,060 13, 476 41,157 200 500 3 4 5 1,435 12,662 6,682 1,348 3,000 278 6 7 8 2.'96S' 656 q 9,712 63,648 4,' 060' 10 60,040 1] Group 12 CARS, STREET RAIL.ROAD, NOT INCliUDING OPERATIONS OF RAILROAD COMPANIES— Continued. $940,793 So, 341, 444 $5,068,073 $5,068,073 $130,767 1 .52, 160 $34,650 $105 804 125, 050 1,069,383 4,272,061 1, 032, 396 4,035,678 1,032,395 4,035,678 23 988 11.464 23, 186 1 536 815,743 106,779 2,150 104,268 $10,844,196 1 Group 3 — CASH REGISTERS AND CALCUIiATING MACHINES— Continued. $2,791,180 $50,320 $1,615,980 $1,388,015 68,058 103,864 2,038,887 580,371 175 145 60,000 :«. 768 78, 306 1,2.33,944 172, 973 24, 107 74,544 1, 135, 753 153, 611 1,828,326 2 9,015,870 I 3 $1,388 015 $J8,386 $8, 486 $16, 600 $4, 493 $9,875,099 1 24 107 543 1,500 87, 376 8,968 4,730 1,036 821 1,899 1,378 1,226 9,459 4.538 536' 3,957 321,016 363,717 6, 669, 533 2,520,834 9 74, 544 ? 1, 1.35, 753 153, 611 4 154 MANTJFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED IMDUSTRIES, BY Group 9.— CEMENT. 1 STATE OR TERRITORY. United states. Number of estab- lish- ments. 2 California. . 3 I Georgia 4 , Illinois 5 Indiana 6 Kansas... Marj^land Michigan Minnesota New .Jersey New Yorlc Ohio Pennsylvania Virginia \\'isconsin .'. All other states ^. . S85,758,954 4,855,531 800, 795 2,455,341 2,143,858 3,615,585 216, 794 10,633,176 87,000 7,128,025 11,373,235 3,594,603 28, 165, 398 1,418,885 644,300 8,626,428 Land. S18, 264, 689 2, 605, 000 455, 000 246,603 134,177 916,328 10,610 3, 674, 754 13,000 .598, 600 3,502,318 543, 198 4, 736, 874 89,733 276,000 463, 594 Buildings. 818,608,443 444,000 130,000 689, 621 699, 293 451,570 2,209,361 28, 000 1,382,347 2, 269, 828 573,803 7,013,464 261,287 155,000 2, 324, 170 Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. $33,797,406 1,248,498 133, 600 1,022,&57 1,014,402 1,502,796 1 74,217 3,818,147 31,000 3,733,082 3,996,312 1,921,329 10,390,147 585,657 70, 200 4,256,362 $16,088,416 668, 033 82,296 496, 260 395,986 744, 891 35,368 930,914 15,000 1,413,996 1,614,777 656, 273 6,024,913 492,308 144,100 1,683,302 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 5,351 6,045 7,025 7,006 6,383 1,660 24,028 400 12, 456 29,946 13,319 43,783 3,666 726 18, 474 Group 4. — <'HARC'OAr,. (See also Luiuber and timber products; and special report on Lumber*) 1 United States 74 S717, 118 $66,617 883,960 5404,531 S172,020 7 ' 365 ? 17 6 13 4 6 3 26 34,774 5,204 542,623 7,775 6,335 11,200 109, 207 7,700 100 29,. 572 700 1,649 2,500 58,021 3,075 2,250 700 16, 856 8,676 420 366,690 1,080 125 600 27, 240 16,949 2,184 88, 440 2,920 3,960 8,200 49,367 3 Indiana 4 2 205 1 ^ 35 5 6 Ohio 7 Pennsylvania 1,800 16,746 8 All other states K 4 ; H5 Group 1.— CHEESE. (Sec also Butter; Condensed nillk; and special report on Butter, olieese, and condensed milk.) United States California Colorado Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Maine Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire — New Y ork North Dakota Ohio Oregon Pennsvivania Utah.'. Vermont Washington Wisconsin All other states'... 3,610 4 41 24 48 23 10 162 274 31 120 10 16 1,464 J6, 232, 182 107,945 42,824 2,400 74, 436 42,220 112,367 37,994 18,964 370, 798 113,261 26,868 8,376 4,250 2,356,094 6,600 366, 766 62, 499 229,372 17, 650 127,608 30,064 2,070,613 15,415 8361,207 16, 720 2,300 125 8,160 2,970 10, 196 1,600 250 15, 360 4,865 2,165 320 260 125,262 230 22, 415 5,895 25,845 925 4,635 1,370 108,735 825 81,810,074 24,020 12, 500 950 30, 300 14,220 42,363 18,9.57 7,500 133,211 62,250 12,800 3,100 2,300 1,096,131 3,320 160,242 18, 893 98,925 4, 975 63,225 9,7.50 1,119,716 6,100 20, 632 10, 800 1,325 17,060 15,310 30, 485 9,280 6,825 105,642 37, 085 6,7.50 1,505 1,.500 718,616 1,950 12',l,;"i4S 23,431 71,609 8,700 34, 480 13,562 541,639 2,340 81,136,153 46,. 573 17, 224 18,926 9,721) 29, 324 8, 257 4,389 116,585 19,061 4, 1.53 3,450 201) 416, 0S5 53, .560 1 4,280 32,993 3,060 35,268 5,382 300,. 523 7,160 1,218 10, 446 16 162 6 96 2 4 22 184 13 213 36 316 17 167 2 12 62 695 31 361 7 44 3 36 2 20 450 3,670 107 1,143 12 74 37 314 6 37 18 . 182 4 32 365 2,782 2 12 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 2; Colorado, 1; District of Columbia, 1; Kentucky. 2: Missouri, 2; Noith Dakota 1- Tennessee 1' Texas, 2; Utah, 1; Washington, 1; West Virginia, 1. ' . . , . 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Arkansas, 1; California, 1; Delaware, 2; Illinois, 2; Iowa, 1; Kentucky, 1; Maine, 2; Massachusetts ''■ Minne- sota, 1; Mississippi, 1; Missouri, 2: New Hampshire, 2; New .Jersey, 1; Texas, 2; Utah, 1; Virginia, 2; Wisconsin, 2. ' "' "' GENERAL TABLES, 155 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Croup 9.— CEMENT. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. 26 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEKKS, ETC. Aggregate. Officers of corporations Number. Salaries. 5 •lo-j 3 1,383 32 31 67 20 62 13 142 171 155 So 379 50 9 151 88,788 52, 520 101,675 41,. 520 83, 130 14, 992 175, 369 5,980 215,096 220,656 125, 273 4S4. 165 .5S, 699 l(i.42S i;3.9l7 Number. Salaries. NuihIkt. Salaries 9 5 10 7 6 3 16 14 33 (IcTuTjil superintendents, niaiiagcrs, oIitIch, etc. AVoiiipn. 112, 100 14,000 32,. 500 14, 440 20,225 3,959 64,250' 35, 650 84, 233 39, 130 113,040 15.293 8.000 42 055 23 26 57 22 56 10 126 7 159 126 71 346 44 ?1,.319,333 26,688 38,520 69, 175 27,080 02,905 11,033 121, 119 5,980 179, 4^6 136,423 86, 143 371,125 43, 406 8,428 131,862 Men. Number. Suljii-irs. 1,116 19 24 53 20 51 9 115 7 147 114 02 320 40 7 122 i.Oll Nimihcr. , Siiiarics. $65,722 23, 788 20, 520 00, 139 20,420 00,006 10, 553 115, 175 5, 980 173, 266 129, 297 81,687 358, 131 40, 676 8,428 127,546 4l 2 4 2 2,900 12,000 3, 036 660 2,900 5,944 6,180 7,120 4,460 12,994 2, 730 4,316 WAGE-EARNERS. Greatest number . employed at any one time dur- ing tlie year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing tlie year. 806 298 003 914 157 1,000 113 1,808 3,476 1,051 7,566 750 176 2,559 12, 134 399 197 306 639 479 30 835 59 1,124 9.55 505 1,392 Group 4.— CHARCOAL. (See also liUinber and timber products; and special report on Iiuniber.) 77 25 S22, 346 3 ?3,400 22 818,946 21 .?1S,700 1 S180 1,511 777 1 18 1 9 11 , V 91 2 1,200 2 1,200 2 1,200 465 11 ; 6.33 1 7 27 36 3,32 242 10 332 7 19 28 139 3 13 1 12, 090 800 13 1 12,696 800 ■ 12 1 12,516 800 1 180 4 1 ^ 1 7 9 7,050 3 i 3.400 6 4,250 6 4,250 s Gronp 1.— Cfl£ES£. (See also Butter; Condensed milk; and special report on JButter^ clieese, and condensed milk.) 3,289 177 1 S-36. 690 rto .S5. 433 122 S31,263 115 829,632 7 SI, 731 4,228 3,586 1 61 8 5 37 21 48 31 6 105 32 16 4 2 1,240 1 182 19 120 4 21 11 1,262 7 900 1 900 1 900 75 62 10 2 51 28 40 25 9 9 13 2 3 4 5 5 25 2 1 11 14 2 3,049 1,720 2 07S 086 12 4,040 1,861 188 3 2,444 2 6 12 1 1 13 2 605 1.720 1,451 060 12 3,274 1,161 188 2 3 12 1 1 6 13 2 605 1,270 1,451 660 12 3,274 1,161 188 02 :« 64 5 2 4.50 6 13 1 627 25 30 10 S Q 5 1 760 700 252 68 15 4 7 1,463 3 359 43 166 18 64 14 1,461 13 191 10 60 12 4 6 1,228 3 318 11 1'' 13 1-1 23 1 6 4 4 14. 695 84 97 499 120 23 1 6 1 4 ii, 695 84 97 250 120 21 1 6 1 4 13,536 84 97 250 120 2 1,100 15 1 16 17 3 249 37 18 128 19 1 8 58 14 ■>o 12 6 55 3,428 400 2.840 1 12 6 26 3,428 400 2,218 12 6 23 3,428 400 2,097 •>^ 1 90 29 022 3 121 1,277 i 23 9 34 1 1 ^Includes establisliments distributed as follows: Connecticut, 1; Delaware, 1; Massachusetts, 2; Soutli Dalcota, 1; Virginia, 1; West Virginia, 2. 156 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group a.—rEIWENT— Continued, STATE OR TEBEITOEY. United States California Georgia Illinois Indiana Kansas Maryland Michigan Minnesota New Jersey New York Oliio Pennsylvania Virginia Wisconsin AH other states WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Average number. 17,478 596 251 540 74 1,029 89 1,436 2,219 743 6,609 608 96 1,787 ?8, 814, 077 235,979 i 86,762 I 328,140 I 380,807 402, 195 31,060 668. 704 42, 659 696. 705 1,133,298 462, 418 2,988,173 223, 626 39, 107 1,104,444 Women 16 years and I Children under 16 over. years. Average number. 595 251 540 787 711 74 1,028 89 1,434 2,216 743 6,479 597 94 1,781 ^Vages. ;-^7--g«| Wages. Average ^^^^^ number. $8, 800, 445 235, 349 86, 762 328,140 380, 548 401,681 31,060 668, 504 42, 659 696,062 I S2,867 1,132,914 3 384 452, 418 2,981,312 30 8 5" 6,861 1,782 924" 221,334 38,882 1,102,920 3 1 1 510 225 600 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. $3, 695, 638 209, 650 84,081 183,148 83, 785 271,266 22,079 426, 770 4,126 121,958 521,219 176,287 1,188,923 117,707 27,666 256, 976 Rent of works. .5<1,941 Taxes, not including internal revenue. 1,260 300 1,020 13,700 1,659 6,311 9,597 14,160 2,016 37,968 435 15,245 44, 502 26,917 56,873 3,985 3,199 15,175 aroup 4.— CHARCOAL.— Continued, 1 United States Alabama Indiana Micliigan 923 $342,874 i 917 S342,599 6 S276 ■> 271 10 419 7 20 19 177 56,460 ! 4,260 195,228 2,962 6,825 9,359 67,790 271 10 419 7 20 19 171 56, 460 4,250 195,228 2,962 6,825 9,359 67, 515 3 4 h 6 Ohio 7 Pennsvlvania 8 Ail other states 6 27.5 «110, 482 15.366 226 69, 345 609 272 5,9.38 28, 726 $554 $7,790 209 24 6,961 67 37 115 9 106 325 502 Group 1.— CHEESE— Continued. 1 United States California Colorado 2, 652- $1,493,906 2,587 $1,476,681 54 $15,760 11 \ $1,575 $322,062 $42,394 $32,035 2 3 55 11 1 39 23 39 22 4 171 43 12 2 2 895 2 210 30 84 11 43 9 938 6 33, 488 6,876 500 19,783 11,067 19,606 9,521 2,813 92,161 26,284 4,475 900 971 486, 240 990 130,389 17,587 43,776 5,788 22,973 6,510 548,373 2,835 53 11 1 39 23 38 22 4 165 43 11 2 2 869 2 208 30 83 10 41 8 917 6 32,864 6,876 500 19,783 11,067 19,446 9,521 2,813 90,499 26, 284 4,415 900 971 478,069 990 129,425 17,587 43, 598 5,688 22,573 6,360 543,617 2,735 1 1 480 1 j 144 6, 355 1,521 173 3,915 4, 789 6,213 2,371 1,387 25,956 5,587 1,011 125 50 121,291 301 27,029 3,274 \ 10, 188 1,652 4,462 1,604 91,633 1,185 1,242 120 90 1,338 2,370 726 283 102 2,444 676 130 72 790 181 13 346 324 579 199 104 1,938 638 135 20 15 11,801 15 2,583 504 1,405 131 567 253 9,444 160 4 S 6 7 1 1 160 ; S Kansas q 10 Michigan 4 1 1,438 2 224 11 1'' 1 1 60 13 14 New Hampshire 15 New York 26 S,171 12, 666 56 5,230 176 693 340 660 60 12,815 105 16 North Dakota 17 Ohio 2 964 ...... 1 IS 19 Pennsylvania 1 1 2 178 100 400 ■'fl Utah '"1 Vermont 10 1 ; 150 5 • 897 1 : 100 ''3 Wisconsin 16 3,869 'M GENERAL TABLES. 157 STATES AND TERRITORIES; 190.5— Continued. (iroup SJ.—CKHIENT— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. $3,3,38,675 $64,290 189,833 82,422 176,010 74,188 6,117 577 251,431 19,763 5.474 367,983 3,690 16,823 106,713 460,687 140,516 1,087,511 112,981 24,066 240,781 16,030 S,S54 y.li74 741 Aggregate. Tlilicipal inattTials S5,3()0.6lki 66:!, 568 84,020 4.5'.l,707 422,135 418,687 12,700 909,026 2i;n.-)i 1,863,245 1,014,428 533,957 4,359,819 430, 193 26,764 995,813 286,560 3,210 179,535 130,401 387,642 3,, 572 152,654 5,376 973,681 431,560 267.034 ,869,734 366,194 6,606 308. 106 PurcliiLsi'd in raw .stati'. .S1,505,!I32 Purcliased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all otlior materials"). 13,854,731 51 179 45 001) 211 !)84 1 Hi i :i2ii 72 1105 395 .582 28 170 75 017 631 141) 109 y'J2 60 543 236,381 3,210 134,. 535 109,417 371,222 3,. 572 80,649 5,375 578,099 403,390 192,017 1,228,594 256,202 5,. 506 247,562 Fuel. $6,818,371 203, 192 74,044 226,397 283,014 14,553 7,987 676,659 15,426 646,228 629,724 219,767 2,271,273 65,459 18,879 575,776 Rent of power and heat. $159,374 136,233 1,270 2,112 3,100 Mill sup- plies. ,M2,299 34, 465 6,766 63,775 8,720 16,689 691 26,474 260 196,971 47,669 19,679 150,386 8,540 2,379 90,965 Freight. Value of ) produces, in- j eluding cus- ; torn work and repairing. $214,406 4,128 450 54,239 47,365 4,216 25,375 75,326 3,308 $29,873,122 1,601,397 344,201 1,178,101 1,282,798 1,476,219 49,018 2,559,551 82, 700 2,924,770 3,135,951 1,508,492 10,233,866 820,103 125,336 2,551,019 Qroup 4 CHARCOAL— Continued. $63,845 $38,293 2,702 12,455 87 43,963 8,421 543 130 1,438 4,. 500 14.982 12,917 S041, 22,893 3,4.56 514,273 7,011 6,405 3,000 85,741 $614,643 22,883 3,465 388,897 6,511 6,405 2,625 84,867 $500,721 22,8,52 3,360 \ 376.208 6,446 I 65 ! 130 IL 870,683 1,633 500 81,766 1,432 $54,686 64,311 '"'375' 111,280 9,278 880,976 13,050 14,421 23,880 238,869 Group 1.— CHEESE— Continued. 5244,925 .82,708 825,2.56,612 ) .524,941,488 $23,818,116 $1,123,372 $288,062 S495 $10,950 $16,617 $29,138,100 1 4,323 1,220 341,544 67.462 335,229 66,196 6,904 229,283 98,267 226,883 83,072 35,969 1,486,092 239,166 51,124 13,741 20,101 9,925,225 3,832 1,402,907 202,462 864,145 48, .501 376,282 78,668 9,125,887 21,572 324,010 62,013 6, ,360 218,389 94,. 543 215,764 79,346 34,8(18 1,422,289 228,626 48,232 12,951 19,123 1 9,4.56,7.59 ; 3,633 1,345,497 196,286 825,513 47,067 i 361,605 ; 76,414 8,718,271 20,617 11,219 4,183 644 10,894 3,714 11,119 3,726 1,161 63,803 10,530 2,892 790 978 468, 466 199 57,410 6,176 ' 38,632 1,434 14,677 2,254 407,616 9.55 6,660 1,126 180 3,807 2,049 4,, 532 1,696 226 17,059 6,109 791 482 161 96,265 88 24,280 2,394 8,407 1,059 3,918 1,305 107,010 468 226 430 76 696' 102 880 124 43 3,745 246 421,202 9 65 91,305 1 3 70 7.089 5 8,948 ! 4 2,231 233,921 100,-528 233,1)59 84,961 36.244 1,508,026 244,865 51,945 14,2.37 20,262 10,027,606 3,930 135 292.994 6 2,095 120 128,496 ; 6 4,908 764 291,199 7 1,889 69 105,048 1 8 43,005 I 9 1,766,163 10 309,347 11 67,445 1 12 1,181 21,. 574 4,373 6 25 . 1,105 354 746 33 36 94,134 230 19,216 2,594 8,072 1,181 3,225 1,291 69,374 30 11 3 17,166 13 22,. 564 14 2,690 450 3,089 2,677 10 519 11,403,719 6,. 571 1,765,913 253,676 1,019,1.59 62,831 443,806 96,620 19,500,532 15 16 1,429,136 21)4,940 875,445 49,859 380, .569 80,062 9,238,872 22,0.50 1,430 84 17 18 18 473 55 85 2,420 244 284 9 3,210 19 20 21 20 60 2,766 22 23 930 20 32,392 24 158 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 8.— CHEMICAIiS. (See also Dyestnfts and extracts; Fertilizers; Explosives; Oil, essential; Paints; Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids; Varnishes; Wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin; and special report on Chemicals.) STATE OR TERRITORY. Number of estab- lish- ments. United States. California Georgia Illinois Indiana Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota. Missouri New Jersey New Yorlc Ohio Pennsylvania Virginia Wisconsin All other states i Total. 596,621,294 1,968,880 292, 482 4, 280, 108 143,313 41,258 1,627,976 ,2,661,786 14,796,767 98, 146 4,366,417 16, 293, 660 23, 149, 126 3, 664, 791 20,667,278 1,066,368 194,072 1,348,886 $8,320,566 270, 669 25,000 665,943 10,889 4,700 179,004 124,756 1,144,943 334,423 1,227,500 2,306,797 190, 128 1,518,130 266, 163 1,500 51,121 Buildings. j Machinery, tools, and implements. 518,228,577 312,983 56, 000 803, 586 37,700 8,177 118, 682 627, 471 2,661,634 9.883 527,224 2,427,132 5,200,961 564, 778 4, 530, 406 139,821 6,400 295,839 $31,911,537 916, 377 149, 870 1,025,760, 58, 166 22,596 356, 165 710,047 7,901,143 70, 434 567,076 3, 572. 940 7, 172, 836 1,782.971 5,631,938 488, 439 101,209 483, 68? Cash and sun- dries. ?.3S.160,614 469,051 61,612 884,819 36, 568 5, 785 974, 225 1,189,512 3,189,047 17, 829 2,937,695 9,066,078 8, 469, 533 1,110.914 8,976,804 161,935 84,963 518, 244 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 140, 372 1,060 109 3,854 340 86 625 3,431 24,048 62 1,593 10, 168 70, 178 6,419 11,161 2,556 243 Group 9.— CHINA DECORATING. I See also Pottery, terra cotta, and tire clay products; arid special report on Clay products.) United States New Jersey New York Pennsylvania All other states 2... 8260, 655 153, 694 47, 256 12,'405 47,300 836, 700 10,0Q0 5,500 1,200 20,000 852, 023 30, 723 9,500 1,800 10,000 837.299 16,609 11.946 2,545 6, 200 f 134, 633 96, 362 20,311 6.860 11,100 2 6 1 1 1 5 Group 1 CHOCOliATE ANO COCOA PRODUCTS. 1 United States.. 25 .18,378,980 85.59,302 81,066,768 SI, 651,. 399 85.111,511 ; 23 7,204 New York t 10 4 11 2,361,350 1, 123, 660 4,893,980 101,800 36, 300 421,202 276,012 69,. 540 711,216 611,676 336,004 703, 720 1,. 371, 863 681.806 3,0.57.842 10 4 9 2,592 1,465 3,147 a 4 Group 8 CliEANSIlNG AND POLISHING PREPARATIONS. (See also Blacking.) United States Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Massachusetts Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ^... 81,404,744 88,781 70. 275 15, 190 7.7.50 148.763 55,960 95,499 619,563 77,865 32, 000 193,112 S156.,567 6.550 18,300 6,050 82, 200 7,200 14,700 SI 69, 759 13, 650 24,300 700 12,736 19,473 68,400 6,000 .?1.54,983 8.850 3.085 925 2.050 13,036 6, 210 16,320 00,311 9,230 8,475 26, 491 923, 4?~5 54 888 59. 731 6 24 24.590 2 39 13, 571 1 6 5.700 1 30 101,414 84 49.750 2 38 53, 656 4 60 408,652 14 321 ,i5,425 8 60 23.. 525 3 14 127.421 8 212 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 1; Connecticut, 1; Delaware, 1; District of Columbia, 1; Kentucky, 1: Mninr, l; Nevada, 2; Rhode Island, 2; Texas, 1; Vermont,!; West Virginia, 1; Wyoming,!. 3 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 2; District of Columbia, 1; Illinois, 2; Ohio,!; Tf^nncssuc, !. GENERAL TABLES. 159 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190,5— Continued. Group 8.— CHEMlCAliS. (See also Uyestiiirs and extracts; Fertilizers; Explosives; Oil, essential; Paints; Sulplmric, nitric, and mixed acids; Varnislies; Wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosIi|; and special report on Chcniicai.«.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. Aggregate. 41 17 123 6 2 41 106 322 9 ISli 425 8J8 2H9 290 30 Salaries. .?-!. 047.889 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNERS. O IliL'iTs of corporations. 44, 37U 21,100 185, 579 7,344 1,440 51,504 1S7.76S 3S8, 114 8,130 232.1>84 678.142 1.274.141 400. 033 455. 644 44.308 23. 195 44.321 Total Number. | Salaries, ij Number. 2I.7 1 81.103.257 11 3 10 12,600 8,000 19,760 17.000 115.520 .')(). 983 65, 733 1.57 7811 307 188 89,670 85 790 22 100 10,093 30 14 113 1 36 90 304 9 ICiS 384 778 245 258 21 General superintendents, managers, clerks, de. \\'ornen. Number. Salaries. Salaries. Men. Number. Salaries. 83,144,6.32 31,776 13,100 106,819 7,344 400 34, 564 122,248 337,131 8,136 176,961 520, 362 966,953 310, 363 369,854 22,208 23, 195 34,228 2,240 20 13 105 29 74 276 5 137 365 704 220 82,992,091 20, 799 12, 800 102, 125 7,344 32, 155 112,937 323, 728 6,652 159,069 502, 742 922,936 292, 334 361,961 22, 208 23, 195 34, 050 271 4,977 240 3,094 400 2,409 0.311 13, 403 2,484 17,882 17.620 44.017 18, 029 17,903 Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 403 31 778 83 16 377 977 3,974 759 4,028 5,467 1,162 3,521 618 70 264 Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 17,708 196 31 666 63 291 768 2,907 572 3,238 4,504 881 3,074 260 68 193 Group 9.— CHIINA DECORATING. (See also Pottery, terra cotta, and tire clay products; and special report on Clay products.) 6 13 4 8,566 3, 340 3,780 S7,240 0,240 1,000 S8, 446 2,326 2,340 1, 3,780 $0, 888 1,508 2,340 SI, 558 818 740" 161 116 10 32 180 Group 1 fHOCOliATE AND COCOA PKODUCTS. 16 291 8463,231 25 884.045 ■' 266 $379,186 229 : 8369,488 ' 37 i S19.698 2,721 1,381 1 10 3 2 134 53 104 166. 519 82. 627 214.186 8 1 16 30,960 500 52,585 . 126 52 88 135, 559 82,027 161,600 109 41 79 127,227 76,096 166, 166 17 11 9 8,. 332 i 1,102 5,9.32 il 382 5,434 |! 1,237 620 297 464 2 3 4 Group 8 — CL.EANSING AND POL.ISH1NG PKEPARAXIONS. (See also Blacking.) 144 272 8274.945 40 879,810 232 $196, 135 181 $170,893 51 $24, 242 716 504 . 1 23 8 24 37 6 25,610 31,362 6,500 6 2 2 10, 220 600 3,400 18 35 4 15,390 30, 762 3,100 13 30 3 12. 320 28, 5,52 2,500 5 6 1 3,070 2,210 600 54 59 11 5 64 32 25 265 61 23 116 46 39 6 6 41 20 20 189 38 22 79 2 3 2I 5 16 4 6 27 25 21 13 41 12 21 59 20 6 46 35, 984 11,812' 30,326 72,263 17,647 , 4,215 39,226 4 3 6 6 4,720 5,400 18,760 24.830 7,380 37 9 15 62 14 6 42 31,264 6.412 11,566 47, 433 10,267 4,215 34,726 30 8 14 36 9 5 33 28, 181 5,812 11,230 39,689 7,802 3,955 30,952 7l 1 1 : 5 1 ; 9 3,083 600 330 7,S44 2,465 260 3.774 6 7 8 9 10 11 4 4,500 12 3 Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 2; Illinois, 1: Maryland, 2; Massachusetts, 2; New Jersey, 2; Ohio, 1: Wisconsin, 1. ^Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 2; Connecticut, 2; Maryland, 2; Michigan, 2; Minnesota, 2; New Hampshire, 1; Rhode Island, 1; Texas, 1; Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 1. 160 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 8.— CHEMICA1.S— Continued. OalLfornia Georgia llinois- - . 5 I Indiana. . Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania . . . Virginia Wisconsin All other states . WAGE-EAENEHS AND WAUE.^. Men 16 years and over Average ivases number. , " ^^es. Women 16 years and Average number. 810,482,559 Wages. S;91,019 Children under 10 years. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Average number. Wages. 3,373 301 65 224 188, 764 12, 180 388, 260 35, 434 5,881 141,197 479. 551 1,835,678 5,504 275, 657 1,727,338 2, 624, 701 651.032 1,843,631 121,404 26,036 120,311 1 1 10 I 520 270 3,880 Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. $16,202 j S7. 592, .852 i' iijo' "" 2" sio' 77 76 23,306 9,966 6 11 1,360 2,470 102 445 197 2 154 27,022 123, 125 52, 448 676 ... 33 11 5 6,994 2,482 807 46,510 6 1,-579 15 3,196 109.909 27, 588 306, 119 18,li74 2,857 164,988 469, 446 1,126,320 13, 590 250,041 1,240,764 2,312.912 243,096 1,065,428 77,862 58. 126 105,332 S156, 196 I Si.S2.240 450 i 750 3,919 100 3,497 4,863 10,000 092 9,946 26,558 68. 152 ' 5.244 8,697 600 5,S00 6.228 7,960 844 12,888 ;,5S9 64 8,225 22, 242 57,806 292 24,870 64. 112 117,460 28, 586 38, 472 1,166 644 6,021 United States. New Jersey New York Pennsylvania All other states 225 Group 9.— CHINA BECOKATING— Continued. S99,137 105 45, 147 88 39, 850 9 3,993 23 10, 147 80 $56,909 136 S40,912 ' 9 11,316 ' «23,818 S8,216 81,039 34 23. 631 64 20,680 7 836 8,668 636 656 34 25,329 64 14,521 ... 7,928 4.512 125 5 2,993 3 7,50 1 250 1,128 624 39 7 4,966 15 4,961 ; 1 230 6,094 ; 2, 444- 319 Group 1.— CHOCOLATE AND COCOA VROISl'CTS Continued. United States. 2 New York 3 Pennsylvania . . . 4 I All otlier states. 2,090 1821,851 259,070 120, 680 442,091 1,205 S.596.329 768 8200,322 117 S25,200 , .SI, 680.88.8 .382 263 660 172,087 96, .399 327,843 369 73 326 86,063 20,523 93,736 22 15 80 920 3,768 20, 512 717,141 163, 729 800,018 879, 483 60,040 13. 400 0, 043 $68,942 8,029 1,216 49,l'i97 Group 8 CI.EANS1NG AND POLISHING PREPARATIONS— Continued United States. Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Massachusetts . . . Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania . . . All other states . 47 50 $241,576 24,072 14,6,52 3,630 390 21,983 7,942 13, 180 92,919 13,9.50 7,477 41,381 44 13 6 1 39 I 17 20 1.34 27 13 74 8194, 748 22,728 7,486 2,880 390 19, 534 ', 6,939 12,5.37 67,737 12,262 5,737 ; 36, .548 169 844,860 3 36 1 , 344 (;,,S64 750 2,449 3 812 2 1 643 88 26, 182 11 1,718 5 1,490 11 3,608 302 191 250 1,225 $463, 464 $39, 105 35,222 6,781 278 68,998 i 709 632 9,070 406 15 1,021 544 2 53,467 5,290 845 11,902 l,4.'i7 134 38.084 758 570 148, l57 14,607 2,646 24,160 1 3, 196 261 8,905 2, 462 10 04,488 2,896 640 GENERAL TABLES. 161 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued. Oroup 8.— CHEH1ICA1,S— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Furl. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased In raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materifll.s"). 86,899,868 $156,568 542,062,611 $36,691,267 S7, 760, 240 $28,931,027 $3,909,719 $631,870 $281,420 $548, 335 $76,222,249 1 100,453 25,794 289,312 17,085 2,693 153, 266 440,841 908, 234 12,606 214, 593 1,160.094 1,046 700,311 41,322 1,354,969 188, 623 11,146 588,897 1,513.524 4.402,624 9,480 2. 172. 144 6. ti.-ffl. 468 12.958,436 3.002.610 7, 265, 246 163, 547 137,414 921, 851 679,828 38,212 1,190,628 171,504 7,979 504, 463 1, 360, 350 3,110,689 6,923 2,084,423 6, 208, 004 11, 122, 232 2, 561, 669 6,603,384 146, 131 132, 438 862,620 86,398 15,000 98,456 260 3,950 180,398 519, 187 1,492,146 4,355 293,829 1,055,560 1,666,207 162,489 2, 226, 162 33, 278 493, 430 23,212 1,092,172 171,244 4,029 324,065 841, 163 1, 618, 643 2,568 1,790,694 6, 152, 454 9,656,025 2, 409, 070 4,377,222 112,853 132, 438 829,945 83, 101 2,050 132,063 16,578 2,168 73,724 135. 600 1,188,907 168 58,021 354,737 ■ 992,702 208,061 607, 853 7,396 3,465 .43, 135 5,320 510 25,285 641 639 710 2,719 47,864 533 5,465 43,932 103,482 17,494 21,093 1,400 32,062 1, 123, 871 132, 740 2,282,629 27.3,087 29,467 1,081,778 3,508,769 9,037,460 53,644 3,278,993 13, 023, 629 23,021,705 4,589,749 11,773,719 490, 346 265, 457 1, 255, 227 550 250 1 6,743 4 5 360 10,000 7,584 30,921 6 7 1,.500 160, 2,S0 7,271 24,243 1,856 1,843 7,332 685,891 8 9 10 632 22,392 16, 463 154, 129 216, 606 30,428 8,620 11 1? 2. 125. 800 208 666 1,600 600 13 l-l 1,018,259 76, 097 2,487 15 IR 61, 982 1,511 2,922 17 94, 083 32,676 147 13, 127 18 Group 9 CHINA BECOKATING— Continued. $14,563 $107,647 $98,484 $98, 484 $7,864 $30 ■$76 $1,204 $326,679 1 7,476 3.291 465 3,331 52, 655 34,682 1,247 19,263 48,608 31, 137 954 17,885 48,508 31, 137 954 17,885 3,128 3,370 293 1,063 30 75' 889 139, 234 123, 386 11, 843 52,216 •> ■^ 4 315 f-y Group 1.— CHOCOIiATE AND COCOA PKODtJCTS— Continued. $1, 542, 463 $9,722,656 $9,657,966 $6,643,264 $3,014,702 $85,548 S19, 779 $11,403 $47, 869 $14,389,699 649,072 149, 113 744, 278 2,673,008 1, 390, 148 6, 659, 399 2, 618, 777 1, 349, 314 5, 589, 865 1, 384, 851 1,052,560 4, 105, 843 1,233,926 296, 754 1,484,022 25, 171 14,356 46,021 2,687 9,600 7,492 3,407 870 7,126 22, 966 16,008 8,895 4,077,009 2,133,987 8, 178, 703 9 S 4 ■ Group 8.— CLiEANSING AND FOIilSJHING PREPAKATIONS— Continued. $408, 261 $175 $1,286,060 109,950 66,076 3,345 770 154,955 19, 558 90, 136 677, 734 62,039 39,189 162, 308 $1,247,023 106, 044 62,372 .3, 140 600 144,989 19,033 88,680 565,536 69,807 38, 382 158,440 $45,863 $1,201,160 $11, 863 $6,301 $810 $20, 063 82,710,393 1 28, 163 67,667 8,650 325 47, 322 10,311 36,756 130,904 20,678 6,433 61,052 940 4,266 106, 104 58, 116 3,140 460 143, 679 19,033 88,680 540,623 69, 179 38, 382 144,874 387 1,204 60 96 468 135 679 5,307 1,194 332 2,002 1,238 36 60 16 5 85 10 106 302 71 50 81 2,246 2,460 263, 362 196,681 16,500 4,400 332,548 63,729 210, 575 1,055,467 151,788 83,642 331,801 3 130 4 150 150 1,310 70 8,369 200 551 4,272 575 385 946 5 1,044 180 121 2,317 392 40 839 6 7 S 26,013 628 q 25 10 11 13,666 19, 1 MFG PT 1 — 07 — -11 162 MANUFACTURES. Table 5. SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 10.— CliOCKS. (See also TTatch and cloct materials; WatfUes.) STATE OR TERRITOKY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Macliinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 38 $9,703,170 $420,849 $1,372,288 $1,964,3.52 $5,945,681 36 • 5,590 TnTiTipptinnt , , ? 10 6 10 3 9 6,761,036 500,083 2,063,384 49,709 338,961 352,796 15, 703 38,000 1,031,064 69,875 245,049 1,376,417 220,921 316,972 16, 786 34,266 . 4,000,759 193, 584 1,453,363 33,920 264,055 10 5 9 3 8 4,430 91 754 32 283 3 Massachusetts 4 5 Pennsylvania 6 14,350 26,300 Oronp 2.— CI.OTH, SPONGING AND REFINISHING. 1 United States 55 $401,326 $9,000 $52,000 $185, 763 $154,' 563 46 322 Illinois 2 6 6 4 32 4 5 18, 700 73,765 20,875 220,699 8,686 58,702 , 10,200 13,616 12, 500 113,229 7,600 28,619 8,500 7,650 8,375 107,370 1,085 21,583 4 5 4 24 4 5 12 57 35 169 11 38 3 Maryland K 2,500 60,000 4 Massachusetts 5. New York 6 Ohio • . 7 Pennsylvania 6,500 2,000 Group a — CliOTHING, HORSE:. 1 United States 29 .?1, 499, 079 $43,986 $132,020 $180, 569 $1,142,504 24 658 New York ?. 6 9 6 8 164,226 387,661 615,941 331,251 1,800 12, 773 14,213 15, 200 500 13,646 98,674 19, 300 6,400 41,075 82,294 60,800 165, 526 320, 167 420,860 245, 951 5 7 5 7 25 137 269 227 3 Pennsylvania 4 5 All other states s Group 3 — OliOXHlNG, MEN'S. United States Alabama California Colorado Connecticut Georgia. Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio.: Oregon Pennsylvania South Carolina Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states ^ . . . 3 73 3 15 14 588 34 18 28 28 121 166 2,177 16 340 3 311 5 25 16 7 14 7 6 97 $153, 177, 500 67,336 984,931 248, 395 180,698 548,498 18,834,691 1,836,411 1,324,852 181, 138 4,841,327 1,322,571 239,096 9,019,897 5,386,345 1,744,467 1,961,836 1,235,004 4,316,607 371,273 208,291 1, 620, 994 63, 370, 399 943, 774 11,980,401 321,429 12,490,044 53, 590 1,281,363 744,062 603,015 462, 589 146, 934 486,061 3,685,963 133,220 $2,660,080 4,250 28,000 4,526 18,000 296,835 35,000 10,400 1,000 55,610 36,500 13, 180 86, 160 49,017 43,700 1,300 16,800 69,010 7,800 61, 125 1,182,904 6,618 217,766 10,000 255,400 4,650 35,050 13,700 11,400 7,600 1,600 2,600 56,416 6,375 $5,083,017 25,000 26,000 12,000 63,299 573,955 95,200 66, 900 17,000 145,455 51,000 31,700 270,759 125, 750 11,042 68, 987 142, 100 34,600 244, 866 1,824,486 31,615 268, 130 22, 500 404, 165 3,681 95, 242 42, 800 51,002 32, 350 4,000 6,000 177,630 18, 275 $6,861,045 6,413 94, 567 17, 528 10,922 74,407 721, 244 164,213 94,640 21, 152 199, 095 46,371 52,822 338,017 253, 208 191,994 126,423 42, 601 232, 176 40, 945 17, 611 125, 682 2,607,714 66, 220 223,081 30,929 524,914 8,095 147,261 100, 128 38,001 45,971 14,264 16,454 141,173 14,809 $138,593,368 31,672 837, 364 230,867 153, 261 392, 792 17,242,657 1,541,998 1,152,912 141,986 4,441,167 1, 188, 700 141, 394 8,324,971 4,958,370 1,412,144 1,823,070 1, 106, 616 3,873,321 330,328 148,380 1, 189, 322 57, 756, 295 «39, 321 11,271,425 258,000 11,305,565 37,164 1,003,810 587,434 502,612 376,668 127, 170 461, 107 3,310,744 93,761 2,287 3 32 3 11 14 429 29 16 5 40 16 20 72 122 33 25 7 49 5 6 50 783 16 199 2 193 3 21 12 7 11 7 6 33 7 16 198 49 71 168 402 260 44 642 142 1,263 981 749 901 309 250 1,217 152 124 616 5,402 176 1,263 2,391 18 647 73 182 161 27 77 496 528 ■Includes estabhslmients distributed as follows: Illinois, 2; Michigan, 2; Missouri, 1; Ohio, 1; Rhode Island, 1; Vermont 1- Wisconsin 1 2 Includes 2 establishments in New Jersey. ' ' ' " GENERAL TABLES. 163 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 10.— f'liOCKS. (See also WatcU and clock materials; Watclies., Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNERS. Aggregate. Officers ol corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing tbe year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. . Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 19 477 $497, 163 29 $93,727 448 $403,436 345 $367,365 103 $46,071 7,904 6,634 1 339 28 72 1 37 315,472 32,917 110,623 995 37,156 U 6 11 53,971 9,666 29,200 328 22 61 1 36 261,501 23,261 81,423 995 36,256 246 18 55 1 25 227,054 20,843 78,275 995 30,198 82 4 6 34,447 2,418 3,148 6,618 179 1,694 60 453 4,692 148 1,352 51 391 •> 7 3 3 6 3 4 5 1 900 11 6,058 6 Group 2.— CliOTH, SPONGING AND RKFINISHING. 68 69 $61,034 13 $25,900 46 $35,734 40 $33,042 6 $2,692 916 658 1 4 5 4 43 7 5 6 3 7 228 4,300 -' 5,000 3 3 2,228 4,300 1 3 1,500 4,300 2 728 65 123 42 592 31 63 59 49 20 454 28 48- 2 3 4 44 1 6 39,942 780 9,384 8 13,700 36 1 3 26,242 780 2,184 34 1 1 25, 162 780 1,300 2 1,080 6 6 3 7,200 2 884 7 Group 3.— CliOXHING, HORSE:. 32 73 $72,148 14 $31,600 59 $40,648 47 $36,842 12 $4,706 1,330 719 1 6 9 17,616 2 12,700 7 4,816 4 3,100 3 1,716 77 61 2 13 14 9,260 2 2,700 12 6,660 11 6,160 1 400 342 207 3 2 25 26,622 7 12,600 18 13, 122 14 11,812 4 1,310 565 268 4 11 25 19,760 3 3,700 22 16,060 I'S 14,770 4 1,280 346 183 5 Group a.— CI.OXHING, BIEN'S. 6,103 13,210 $13,703,162 606 $1,920,867 12,004 ' $11,782,295 10,038 $10, 687, 535 I 2,566 $1, 194, 760 158,437 118,287 1 5 251 6 102 36 19 62 5,000 90, 290 34,894 28, 178 53,343 3 8 4 3 11 2,400 11,900 4,960 13,300 14,400 3 94 32 16 61 2,600 78,390 29,944 14,878 38,943 3 57 28 15 43 2,600 60,222 27,590 14,368 35,824 130 2,068 264 367 1,176 92 1,357 240 300 856 ■> 37 4 1 8 18,168 2,354 520 3,119 3 4 15 11 . 6 6 710 26 11 3 138 2,791 235 188 19 293 2,968,391 189,468 117,925 9,956 273,318 53 28 25 3 36 248,983 63,960 31,619 2,125 71,257 2,738 207 163 16 257 2, 719, 408 135,498 86,306 7,831 202,061 2,073 134 147 12 225 2, ,388, 446 104,967 80,801 6,306 187,661 665 73 16 4 32 ■ 330,962 30,641 6,506 1,626 14,400 23, 460 3,034 1,334 244 4,260 17,767 2,264 1,012 176 3,267 7 8 9 10 11 46 34 204 248 40 102 20 881 523 131 77,936 13,866 800,356 525, 763 134,687 4 2 19 32 19 9,200 4,000 56,230 131,380 44,600 98 18 862 491 112 68,736 9,856 744,126 394,383 90,087 88 10 772 415 82 64,216 7,750 703,547 356,791 77,544 10 8 90 76 30 4,520 2,106 40,579 37,592 12,543 1,288 798 9,453 4,883 2,410 1,049 628 7,860 3,109 1,749 12 13 14 16 16 45 110 65 319 18 37 112,837 48,650 365, 401 17,368 27,982 6 10 29 15,680 16,500 86,350 105 65 290 18 36 97, 157 32,150 279,051 17,368 25,982 91 60 211 14 26 91,272 29, 482 245,462 13,708 20,638 14 5 79 4 10 5,885 2,668 33,589 3,660 5,344 1,726 878 5,620 717 302 1,265 556 3,672 584 221 17 10 52 2 12 19 Of) 1 2,000 21 126 3,025 9 446 6 219 4,649 46 903 12 117,668 5,291,876 45,479 985,774 11,732 9 158 15 24 13, 940 805,810 22,660 57,820 210 4,491 30 879 12 103,728 4,486,066 22,829 927,954 11,732 124 3,647 29 769 3 77,569 4,035,340 22,529 869,867 5,800 571,878 3,056 116,693 56, 599 16,837 86 944 1 120 9 26, 169 450,726 300 68,097 6,932 54,307 300 6,706 2,304 2,618 3,609 62, 403 1,032 7,247 374 2,003 45,562 773 6,080 299 22 23 24 25 '>6 470 4 36 10 2 804 9 136 65 34 663,334 4,356 145, 149 81,088 32,755 17 2 14 14 6 37, 149 1,000 21,750 22,185 13,300 787 7 122 51 28 626, 185 3,356 123, 399 58,903 19,455 660 6 102 46 19 137 1 20 5 9 10,893 164 2,171 878 688 8,535 89 1,658 507 413 27 28 29 30 31 5 6 2 96 8 SO 21 24 264 18 38,339 11,436 25, 937 338,369 14,281 11 5 2 29 5 11,138 5,150 2,600 81,396 4,145 39 16 22 235 13 27,201 6,286 23,337 156,973 10,136 26 14 21 187 10 21,781 5,848 22,737 233,533 8,303 14 2 1 48 3 5,420 438 600 23,440 1,833 867 195 307 3,103 225 540 95 164 2,596 160 32 33 34 35 36 3 Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 1; Illinois, 1; Kentucky, 2; Maine, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Missouri, 1; New Jersey, L i Includes establishments distributed as follows; Arizona, 1; Arkansas, 1; Delaware, 2; Oklahoma, 1; Rhode Island, 1; South Dakota, 1; Utah, 1. 164 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 10.— CI.OCKS— Continued. STATE OE TERRITORY. WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Kent of works. Taxes, not Including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United states 7,249 S3, 514, 185 5,087 J2, 767, 284 1,965 $701,062 197 346,839 $540, 341 J17,451 $40,206 ? 5,150 166 1,459 55 420 2,600,679 109,520 584, 573 26,972 192, 441 3,523 148 1,120 47 249 1,994,427 103, 317 601,675 24, 700 143, 165 1,445 17 335 6 162 563,008 6,203 82,358 1,872 47,621 182 43,244 272, 631 42,333 110,594 11,811 102,972 741 2,580 10,530 1,920 1,680 30, 477 2,767 5,541 3 1,418 3 Massachusetts 4 4 2 9 540 400 1,655 ■i Pennsylvania fi Group 2.— CI.OTH, SPONGING AND REFINISHING— Continued. 1 United States 796 $503,935 758 S494, 001 34 $9, 184 3 S750 $191,382 $81,765 $1,180 ? 63 84 34 531 29 54 47,040 34,806 16,633 359, 130 15, 100 ■ 31,226 63 50 34 528 29 54 47,040 25,622 16, 633 358,380 15, 100 31,226 13,526 5,788 6,289 136,037 3,333 26,409 6,191 1,230 3,000 66, 454 1,890 3.000 40 680 129 165 28 138 3 Maryland 34 9,184 4 % New York 3 750 fi Ohio 7 Pennsylvania Group 2.— CliOTHlNG, HOKSE— Continued. 1 United States 1,063 $341,655 423 $194, 167 661 $133, 895 79 $13,693 $154,341 $17,039 $4,296 ?, 70 296 430 267 35, 128 105, 472 111,523 89, 532 38 196 111 78 23, 130 82, 192 46,088 42,757 32 91 253 185 11,998 22, 490 54,032 45, 375 28,542 i 26, 305 70,681 28,913 6,790 4,369 1,000 5,880 336 296 2,334 1,330 3 9 66 4 790 11, 403 1,400 4 '^ Group 2 CL.OTHING, MEN'S— Continued. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 •27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 United States Alabama California Colorado Connecticut Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire. . . New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania South Carolina Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states 137,190 117 1,634 244 297 1,022 20, 283 2,636 1,176 201 3,614 1,200 650 8,671 3,963 2,060 1,452 678 4,863 640 268 3, 193 53, 836 879 6,556 338 125 1,878 690 666 739 144 234 2.811 857,225,506 27, 473 094, 835 82, 500 115,990 264, 842 9,799,166 713, 670 336, 494 67, 140 1,014,602 246, 976 166, 817 2,791,436 1,793,199 633,250 450, 501 169,056 1,740,546 197,967 82, 637 1,322,361 26,008,458 193, 619 2, 570, 405 120,144 3, 604, 670 25, 454 390, 765 178,937 163,524 164, 649 51,606 63, 769 949,885 49,375 58, 759 12 604 21 55 100 358 168 36 659 114 117 3,210 1,661 239 162 137 876 39 22 1,472 33,020 119 2,115 28 4,177 16 306 73 49 64 17 22 606 14 $34,572,973 4,772 318, 521 15,080 33, 365 43,049 5,431,824 163, 196 76, 178 17,273 318, 180 62, 374 50, 861 1,602,249 1,067,484 133, 180 92, 100 43,112 492, 438 24, 060 11,518 802,511 19,513,029 46, 792 1,309,082 17,011 2,282,308 4,700 109,316 35.945 28,297 24,333 9,927 10,713 371,673 7,522 75,468 $22,202,790 105 1,026 218 242 866 11,598 2,155 999 165 2,826 1,026 633 4.692 2.276 1,810 1,285 503 3,873 685 236 1,697 20, 584 711 4,349 310 4,890 105 1,476 594 517 051 127 211 2,160 160 22, 701 375, 574 66, 432 82,625 215, 655 4, 260, 607 547, 416 257,098 39,867 681,767 179,819 115,956 1,057,897 718,200 498, 570 357,777 122,447 1,227,878 172, 113 71,119 610,423 6,455.044 143, 729 1,249,387 103, 133 1,262,393 20, 379 269,285 139,984 125,227 137,733 41,679 52,944 573,089 41,043 2,963 592 23 19 129 60 869 36 11 4 38 105 16 24 232 49 92 399 5 24 $449, 743 740 988 6,238 106, 825 2,958 2,218 14, 556 4,782 131,290 7,515 1,500 624 3,496 20,230 1,794 •3,427 40, 385 4,098 11,936 59,969 375 12, 164 3,008 2,583 112 i,123 810 $57,695,240 4,294 337, 843 32,261 22,837 63, 586 9,166,482 388, 641 174, 122 28, 105 791,832 172, 717 32,553 2,779,017 2,215,332 362, 964 131,615 160,018 648,294 30,912 24, 741 378, 196 32,211,968 139, 177 3,142,140 14,190 2,644,293 15, 528 242,763 148, 473 68,694 61,094 23, 352 64, 490 958, 203 14,523 $3, 474, 781 1,175 44, 825 6,066 6,473 8,680 406,993 22,274 10,922 1,928 33, 167 22, 137 2,911 162, 755 144, 433 26, 598 28,415 2,513 75,271 10, 445 511 26, 364 ,940,718 4,390 182, 596 3,312 239,293 716 16, 805 7,725 1,800 3,340 3,756 1,731 22,303 1,540 $362,976 676 2,825 1.495 789 2,725 57,650 9,930 7,271 577 11,723 3,531 970 30, 203 28, 793 11,041 5,432 2,377 17, 445 3,528 583 6,562 77,371 6,448 31,903 2,613 9,623 390 4,559 6,315 1,200 3,060 261 764 14,218 336 GENERAL TABLES. 165 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. iiroup lO fL,OCItS— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES — cont'd. COST OF MATERIALt USED. Value of products, in- eluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. J'uel. SI 17, 363 Rent of power and heat. $4,043 Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purctiased in 'partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all otiier materials"). $441,678 S41,006 S3, 077, 574 $2,954,017 $2,964,017 $28,324 $23,827 S8. 868, 000 1 241,138 36, 965 89, 523 9,888 64, 174 275 31 5,000 1,926,363 70, 173 862,314 31,744 196,990 1,830,982 66, 533 834, 606 31,012 190,884 1,830,982 66, 533 834, 606 31,012 190,884 62,889 2,704 8,440 627 2,703 915 615 1,745 60 808 18,028 145 7,511 46 2,535 23,639 276 12 • ■.,168,034 274, 002 1,731,347 82, 292 622,325 9 'i 35,700 6 Group 2 CLOTH, SPONGING AND REFINISHING— Continued. S108, 437 1 $38,852 $14, 152 $14, 152 $10,318 $12,781 $1,525 .576 $1,062,939 7,296 3,878 3,160 69,418 1,415 23,271 1 3,264 1 3,176 250 955 150 12,662 120 26 250 965 160 12,652 120 25 2,959 50 475 7,004 • 1.069 1,224 45 191 165 1,064 40 20 90, 400 62, 286 32, 747 749, 053 31,930 86, 523 1,980 942 4,933 126 2,338 1 732 1 26,653 1,354 3, 683 76' Group 3.— CliOTHING, HORSE— Continued. $98, 368 $.■14. fiSS $1,. 329, 436 .51,306,336 $1,306,336 $10,387 $4,176 $2, 160 $7,376 $2,139,496 22.416 14.282 47,967 13,703 7,358 19,280 8,000 100, 987 302,087 529, 265 397,106 99,430 296, 183 518, 109 392,614 99, 430 295, 183 518,109 392, 614 153 3,444 4,157 2, 633 1,237 396 1,692 861 167 1,070 216 708 i,'994' 5,082 300 202,606 636, 418 798,236 602,237 Group 2 t^LOTHING, ITIEN'S— Continued. $19, 493, 591 S34, 363, 892 $185,793,436 $183,781,069 $2,270 $183,778,789 $424, 706 $553, 058 $365, 796, 571 2, 443 118.674 24.700 12,110 52,281 3.953.961 333,797 155. 929 19,600 633,803 101,287 21,422 1,007.020 791 , 705 249, 464 97.768 155. 128 379,634 16, 939 23, 647 160, 639 7,962,463 121,219 1,155,650 8,265 1,119,528 7,422 203, 857 52, 193 64,157 54, 694 19.345 20, 495 379, 798 12, 648 171,619 "'3,' 459 4, 747, 978 22, 640 6,000 113, 139 45.762 7.260 1,. 579. 039 1,250,401 76, 861 176,944 184, 631 22,231,416 8,120 1,771,991 ,275,949 7,000 17,632 83,240 1,537 41,500 541,884 84,097 2,004,282 271,331 276, 704 929. 400 27,190,804 2,428,289 1,141,714 222,566 3,301,845 1,240,974 243, 643 11,358,078 7,222,485 2, 333, 906 1,574,189 761,864 4,803,962 696.060 264,041 2,064,238 84.886,481 905, 291 9,461,337 293, 321 11,839,979 76, 186 1,832,264 672, 134 532,640 574,026 141,667 486, 302 3,478,616 210, 831 82,363 1,974,663 261,780 268, 494 912,580 26,798,441 2, 398, 468 1,112,909 220, 760 3,243,450 1,226,667 234,745 11,305,718 7, 170, 365 2, 300, 091 1,533,548 743, 727 4,683,410 669, 729 261,499 2,019,016 84,346,029 890, 141 9, 286, 240 290, 670 11,704,969 75, 179 1,796,057 664, 454 523, 219 564, 201 138, 101 472, 521 3.419.302 198, 664 2,270 82, 363 1,974,663 251,780 268, 494 912, 680 26,798,441 2, 398, 468 1,112,909 220, 760 3,243,450 1,225,667 234, 745 11,303,448 7,170,365 2,300,091 1,633,548 743, 727 4,683,410 669, 729 261,499 2,019,015 84,346,029 890, 141 9, 286, 240 290, 670 11,704,969 76, 179 1,796,057 664, 464 523,219 664,201 138,101 472, 621 3,419,302 198. 564 2,945 615 53,897 3,041 6,849 880 9,684 170 3,488 24,792 20, 549 7,386 3,927 6, 605 13, 524 2,341 1,694 16,965 159, 376 2,443 26, 698 214 28,619 192 4,828 596 1,721 2.844 216 1,320 13,841 1.282 1,224 11,966 2,821 1,095 4,(86 86, 490 14,295 3,321 552 14, 187 5,684 2,366 14,790 21,357 9,740 13,216 286 21,711 6,869 238 7,801 202,929 4,631 32,381 2,010 33, 150 765 8,015 3,876 4,349 4,4H2 1,096 644 8.835 1.104 10 435 230 2,086 648 5,707 634 642 134 1,537 452 6,667 1,646 2,044 602 1,680 5,657 111 60 1,867 28,600 1,925 2.882 427 5,234 50 1,663 609 391 457 97 1,117 1,623 165 500 15,054 16, 500 2,084 10,871 246,269 11,861 17, 993 240 32,98? 8,604 2,592 6,211 8,669 14,645 22,897 10, 667 79,660 17,000 550 8,590 148, 647 6,151 113, 136 21,801 2,600 2,960 2,041 2,158 9,700 34,916 9.716 133, 486 3,627,617 469, 760 515,783 1,481,949 66,202,999 4,044,063 1,919,667 ■344, 640 6,279,078 1,979,308 642, 994 19,654,916 13,028,012 3,838,699 2,581,210 1,262,621 8,872,831 996,869 437, 651 4,386,158 167,167,636 1,400,730 18, 496, 173 506,033 22,662,116 136,700 2,961,681 1,204,859 917,. 536 953, 883 241,505 730, 767 6, 525, 276 301,796 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 166 MANUFACTUEES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 2.— CliOTHING, MEN'S, BTJTXONHOIiES. STATE OR TEEEITORY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 141 $262,091 S30,300 J44,942 $118,838 $68,011 61 137 Illinois ■?, 14 11 3 92 7 9 5 40,897 14, 495 10,050 141, 599 22,950 22,260 9,850 5,800 1,500 4,700 14,300 2,000 13,642 700 3,700 21,000 2,000 13,555 9,100 850 70, 533 4,350 17,250 3,200 8,000, 3,196 800 35,766 14,600 5,000 650 6 6 8 7 3 4 5 34 7 5 3 84 23 12 3 fi Ohio 7 Pennsylvania 8 All other states ^ 2,000 4,000 Group 2 CliOTHING, WrojHEIV'S. United States CaUfornia Colorado Connecticut Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Tennessee Vermont Washington West Virginia Wisconsin AU other states 2 3,351 55 3 17 191 27 9 12 8 10 56 142 44 10 52 7 70 2,210 143 3 223 4 $73,947,823 536,711 25,600 435, 139 3, 557, 559 905, 627 612,757 140,354 68,310 194,200 1,214,610 2, 756, 663 1, 307, 166 131,219 1,179,113 ■510, 682 1,599,124 47,008,328 4,796,2.30 12, 380 5,992,494 79, 166 188,238 37,479 157,876 465, 342 146, 656 $928, 373 10,000 108, 500 17,500 16, 000 3,000 6,000 200 1,000 16, 600 20, 483 3,885 53, 350 445,065 70, 360 $2,352,766 131,600 I "io^Mol 14,500 1,960 76.286 369,700 57,600 28,240 3,900 6,000 1,000 32,400 31,660 84,898 16, 165 186,360 966, 990 153, 100 253, 577 ' "36," 666' 35,500 16, 600 $7, 337, 871 62, 676 7,600 85,826 343, 465 124, 227 33,852 21,998 8,510 32,800 124,893 383, 818 189,805 40, 051 130,746 24, 572 219,985 4,262,754 443, 353 1,280 671,397 5,177 41,726 5,153 15,381 46,046 20,882 $63,328,813 484, 136 18,000 263,027 2,736,894 706, 400 434, 666 111, 466 39,800 160,200 1,066,317 2,324,485 1,011,980 91,168 1,048,368 466, 970 1,140,429 41,333,629 4, 129, 427 11,100 4,936,020 73,989 100,012 32,326 142,496 369, 296 108, 324 1,834 34 3 12 168 25 9 10 4 10 31 126 44 9 48 7 59 884 ; 122 184 3 15, 449 96 7 321 721 482 79 76 27 76 233 832 947 88 430 145 679 6,778 1,403 15 240 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Massachusetts, 1; Michigan, 1; Missouri,!; Wisconsin, 2. GENERAL TABLES. 167 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 2.— CliOTHING, MEN'S, BUTTONHOLES. Pfoprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEKKS, ETC.' WAGE-EAENEES. Aggregate. Officers ol corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 164 8 $4,809 8 t4,809 8 «4,809 1,466 836 1 14 14 4 107 8 12 5 62 74 6 1,088 98 119 19 49 66 6 510 98 88 19 ■> 1 525 1 525 1 525 •^ ^ 4 3 2 1,590 1,980 3 2 1,590 1,980 3 2 1,590 1,980 5 (i 7 2 714 2 714 2 714 8 Group 2.— CI/OTHING, WOMEN'S. 4,913 10,920 S9, 975, 944 360 $1,004,649 10,560 . $8,971,295 6,938 $7,029,192 3,622 $1,942,103 148,503 78,362 1 231 3 19 256 22 67 1 57 718 153 58,464 500 65,643 717,294 156,267 3 4,200 64 1 63 696 136 54,264 500 56,972 668,094 108,647 42 1 37 441 92 40,600 500 47,741 526,714 92,706 22 13,664 1,290 55 1,015 6,059 2,104 751 44 771 3,544 1,020 2 3 4 22 17 8,671 49,200 47,720 16 255 44 9,231 141,380 15,841 4 5 6 3 13 11 7 82 41 35 17 19 153 31,094 42,856 14,560 16,100 128,271 4 5 2 1 7 6,700 10,200 2,000 1,200 24^290 37 30 ■ 15 18 146 24,394 32,656 12,560 14,900 103,981 21 16 10 8 108 18, 120 16,420 9,700 9,700 86,171 16 14 5 10 38 6,274 16,236 2,860 5,200 17,810 607 563 217 589 2,419 298 324 113 355 1,385 7 8 9 10 11 188 50 14 62 305 219 33 188 314, 351 166,996 20,778 172,389 20 29 3 14 74,280 35,625 2,080 26, 710 285 190 30 174 240,071 131,371 18,698 145,679 187 98 12' 116 189,798 89,030 12,060 116,182 98 92 18 58 50,273 42, 341 6,638 29,497 6,016 2,825 496 2,423 3,418 1,141 313 1,303 12 13 14 15 3 83 3,303 179 13 209 7,054 033 13,800 180,428 6, 473, 672 657,355 6 11 143 34 8,430 38,090 509,403 97,250 7 198 6,911 699 6,370 142,338 5,964,269 560,105 3 110 4,648 439 2,380 101,856 4,704,586 480,486 4 88 2,263 160 2,990 40,482 1,259,683 79,619 459 4,447 96,220 7,953 307 3,283 47,869 5,015 16 17 18 19 330 6 1 11 859 10 22 5,180 615, 785 9,884 20, 489 11 848 7 17 5,180 591,276 7,064 11,589 6 467 6 11 3,020 407,992 6,764 7,219 5 381 1 6 2,160 183,283 300 4,370 35 10,786 129 681 34 6,004 46 426 ■?o 11 3 5 24,510 2,820 8,900 21 22 23 8 3 12 17 4 16 53 30 5,000 25,846 48,719 14,223 4 12 44 27 5,000 15,846 38,999 11,573 3 11 26 19 4,700 15, 306 30,387 9,064 1 1 18 8 300 540 8,612 2,519 67 80 653 315 27 37 323 212 '>4 4 9 3 10,000 9,720 2,650 25 26 27 2Includes establishments distributed as follows: Delaware, 1; District of Columbia, 1; Georgia, 2; Idaho, 1; Kansas, 1; Nebraska, 2; North Carolina, 2; Rhode Island, 2; South Carolina, 2; Texas, 1; Virginia, 1. 168 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Oroup a.— CI. 1 Group 2.— CliOTHING, WOMEIV'S— Continued. $13,098,607 I $6,960,704 49,liS3 6,855 104, 482 669,397 217,500 8,5,683 17,743 4,665 13,926 256,837 606,614 489,915 15,720 113,567 20,087 280,979 :, 743, 798 809,607 1,860 561,368 9,211 37,801 3,621 16,536 52,950 9,212 18,260 3ii,"2ii 6,678 3,600 2,240 41,964 51,712 15,638 19,419 6,009,867 227,081 221,689 31,646 $130,719,996 863, 161 83,782 533,737 6,332,831 987,679 432,093 438,447 154,512 308,620 1,698,595 4,789,263 1,730,777 140,758 1,798,671 402,030 2,174,313 91,704,804 6,768,798 31,645 7,902,561 128,022 424,213 63, 408 193,746 463,210 190,331 $129,569,933 844,413 83,340 522,759 6,222,518 966,872 424,303 433,547 163,044 303,977 1,681,637 4,730,838 1,686,866 137,410 1,766,880 395,950 2,150,635 91,172,436 6,646,934 31,625 7,791,845 126,971 416,280 61,760 187,612 444,690 186,091 $38,269 600 "i3,'956' "2! 338' 7,465 14,000 $129,621,674 843,913 83,340 508,803 6,222,518 964,534 424,303 433,547 163,044 303,977 1,681,637 4,730,838 1,679,401 137,410 1,766,880 396,950 2,150,635 91,158,436 6,646,934 31,525 7,791,846 125,971 416,280 61,760 187,512 444,, 590 186,091 $212,411 ! $558,894 $307,740 4,289 11,903 6,458 1,361 1,036 146 9,767 7,465 10,933 1,783 3,626 2,631 9,468 113,022 7,227 40 15,' 808 1,719 244 2,280 1,202 7,947 380 3,452 34,629 3,688 3,057 2,939 1,298 2,025 4,040 28,492 11,548 1,266 17,046 8,577 314,669 44,398 60,786 960 3,082 2,732 535 278 62 800 4,664 1,114 482 126 170 73 1,254 1,212 858 89 620 215 3,266 54,686 4,341 80 5,619 25 260 30 71 232 391 10,508 2,437 69,117 9,647 2,400 1,897 21,266 20,672 210 10,499 2,354 2,367 49,991 66,898 28,603 1,066 2,872 1,160 5,918 3,376 2,112 $247,6 ,560 1,744,-583 127,980 1,097,802 12,236,618 2,109,222 762,230 771,827 243,542 554,312 3,196,498 02,146 15,085,790 197,549 722,393 105,700 309,000 839,661 369,567 8,696,044 1 12 3,628,794 13 316,855 14 3,321,810 16 601,861 16 4,218,819 17 173,648,386 12,803,582 170 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 1.— COFFEE AND SPICE, ROASTING AND GRINDING. STATE OK TERRITORY. United States . Alabama Calitornia Connecticut District ot Columbia Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Texas Virginia Washington West Virginia , . . Wisconsin All other states ' Number ol estab- lish- ments. 421 Total. $38, 734, 868 21,327 2, 221, 153 97, 894 236, 600 53,314 16,250 6, 488, 160 399, 591 611, 463 189; 525 403,135 439, 847 2,248,256 58, 750 783, 969 3, 128, 678 363, 682 10,852,998 6,931,776 389,046 1, 463, 642 162, 558 74,960 45, 560 109,000 248,087 29, 150 271, 600 405, 230 Land. SI, 059, 459 1,600 42,300 4,600 19,600 6,600 160,000 13,460 15, 500 5,000 6,000 14,000 2,000 36, 750 42,400 26, 700 351,685 170, 502 10,000 72,850 4,00Cf 1,000 500 4,000 31,000 28, 912 Buildings. $2,340,248 7,000 25,225 3,000 20,000 9,600 298, 991 32,000 67,000 2,000 10,000 8,000 36, 650 1,000 76, 250 113, 668 26,350 1,014,839 362, 362 12,000 122,860 4,000 7,700 1,500 8,000 36,000 45, 373 Machinery, tools, and implements. $3,768,096 4,169 361,899 15,200 8,500 10, 218 6,250 365, 264 67, 537 63, 204 27,400 66, 935 29, 685 140, 083 14,500 56, 639 310, 788 62, 398 1,390,253 374, 946 24,813 188, 116 11, 567 16, 200 8,975 11,000 29, 809 3,650 55, 760 46, 560 Cash and sun- dries. $31,677,065 8,668 1, 791, 729 76, 194 188, 500 28,096 11,000 6,673,905 286, 694 475, 769 160, 125 322,200 396, 262 2,057,622 41,250 614, 420 2,661,832 259,234 8,096,321 6,023,966 342, 232 1,069,727 150,991 51,750 27, 876 98,000 216, 278 13,500 148,750 285, 396 Group 4 — COFFINS, RURIAI, CASES, AND UNDERTAKERS' GOODS. Number ol estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 18,826 25 816 130 41 30 15 2,010 402 330 149 452 222 1,469 74 652 1,289 256 6,666 1,782 134 935 88 61 59 53 104 40 305 338 United States California Connecticut Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Maine Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota.... Missouri New Jersey . New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania South Carolina Tennessee Vermont Wisconsin All other states 2.., $18,531,844 197, 466 293, 374 280, 825 1, 493, 702 1, 194, 359 100, 550 864, 297 770, 400 563, 420 1,091,061 362, 578 3, 169, 060 185,864 2,644,642 1,732,960 156, 260 196, 390 355, 409 1,340,948 $1,339,787 4,000 26, 397 31, 200 131,923 76,000 29, 306 3,000 27,700 44, 250 36, 685 61,076 31,000 238, 656 7,400 213, 676 180,030 7,100 52,837 9,600 33,890 95, 263 $3,088,632 6,000 45, 793 45,150 216, 127 187, 253 94, 302 18, 600 168, 182 139, 019 86, 818 187, 830 56, 849 438, 636 28, 575 583, 825 329, 271 20, 276 150, 368 36, 125 47,500 215, 244 $2, 287, 895 10, 448 41, 894 31,400 108, 302 119, 257 63, 306 8,200 167,962 88,728 39, 787 119, 291 52, 458 398,357 39, 168 424, 466 186, 703 60,988 113,289 17, 920 38, 189 158, 782 $11,816,530 177, 018 179, 290 173, 075 1,038,350 811, 849 507, 022 70, 850 500,463 498, 403 402, 130 722, 865 222, 271 2,083,511 110, 721 1,422,776 1,037,956 67,897 647, 859 133, 745 235, 830 871, 659 14, 244 54 179 379 1,205 942 326 237 473 232 964 336 1,834 395 2,037 1,297 125 713 310 414 810 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows; North Dakota, 1; Vermont, 1. Colorado, 2; Delaware, 1; Kansas, 1; Maine, 1; Mississippi, 1; Montana, 1; Nebraska, 2; North Carolina, 2; GENERAL TABLES. 171 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 1.— COFFEE AND SPICE, ROASTING AND GRINDING. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. S\LA.EIED OFFICIALS, CLEEKS, ETC. WAGE-EAENEES. Aggregate. Officers ot corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerics, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 442 2,844 $3,215,634 220 $565,234 2,624 $2,660,400 2,287 $2,495,011 337 I IJ155,389 0,864 5,323 1 3 42 7 3 7 6 15 3 4 4 12 28 1 17 16 IS 104 15 6 69 2 6 4 7 9 6 3 6 1 400 254 1 343,261 20 , 12,374 7 -27.000 1 236 16 6 1 3 367 25 61 17 72 47 131 7 43 351 26 483 502 56 91 6 11 1 9 15 400 300, 167 8,374 7,000 900 1,980 414,076 20, 604 69,371 21,920 80,064 40, 444 145,759 6,612 31,088 336, 440 22, 176 527,817 407, 292 36, 152 73,630 4,400 13,600 364 7,780 14,280 1 203 14 6 1 3 328 22 44 17 66 46 109 4 31 307 22 442 446 42 59 4 10 400 283, .508 7,750 7,000 900 1,980 393,475 18,812 66,714 21,920 76, 464 39,644 136, 122 5,400 26,333 316,806 20,668 507,952 383, 133 30,792 59,668 3,450 13,360 1 8 368 25 13 11 11 1,042 164 96 35 173 89 373 17 228 612 50 1,922 759 47 420 35 46 49 36 80 6 62 107 8 311 21 13 10 11 858 114 96 35 124 74 290 15 179 501 38 1,399 481 42 400 33 46 16 19 54 6 46 83 •> 18 4 2 2 43,094 4,000 20,000 3,600 33 ; 16,659 ,2 1 624 3 t 3 3 386 31 64 20 79 50 142 9 56 390 26 613 532 56 97 8 11 2 9 19 4,500 1,980 472,768 32. 104 96. 096 2S, 220 104,964 48,444 182,673 7,812 51,626 446,210 28, 176 699, 480 486,080 36, 152 88,330 6,960 13,600 3,864 7,780 23,780 6 7 19 6 13 3 7 3 11 2 13 39 1 30 30 58,602 11,600 26,726 6,300 24,900 8,000 36,814 1,200 20, 438 108,770 6,000 71, 663 77,788 39 20,601 3 1,692 7 : 3,657 8 9 10 11 6 1 22 3 12 44 3 41 56 14 32 2 1 1 1 3 3,600 800 9,637 1,212 4,755 19,634 1,508 19,865 24, 159 5,360 13,962 950 240 364 480 2,040 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 'I 6 2 14,700 2,550 22 23 1 3,600 •>5 8 12 7,300 12,240 'fi 4 9,600 27 27 29 36,726 26, 484 27 25 36,726 21,084 26 15 36,310 17,910 1 10 416 3,174 ""t 4 5,400 30 Group 4 — COFFINS, RURIAI. CASES, AND UNDERTAKERS' GOODS. 168 1,161 $1,344,690 187 $363,713 974 $980,977 835 $908, 05i , 139 $72,926 9,250 7,728 1 2 6 4 11 9 7 22 19 132 72 10, 380 24,625 20, 789 158, 524 86,838 4 3 5 16 18 7,200 6,994 9,570 31, 536 38,305 3 19 14 116 54 3,180 18,631 11,219 126, 988 48,533 2 17 12 104 42 2,700 17,691 10,136 120,233 42, 501 1 2 2 12 12 480 1,040 1,084 6,765 6,032 74 122 191 716 636 64 104 111 619 455 2 3 4 6 6 30 36, 667 4 8,600 26 28,067 24 27, 107 2 960 235 57 397 670 216 44 329 583 7 11 15 11 8 56 61 47, 193 66,292 6 8 4,160 17, 200 60 53 43,033 49, 092 36 36 36, 433 41,494 16 17 6,600 7,598 9 10 5 3 3 26 30 46 27 237 37,047 49,218 29,434 278, 263 4 8 1 23 8,950 17, 140 4,000 61,870 26 38 26 214 28,097 32,078 26,434 216,393 21 32 24 195 25, 170 28,886 24, 570 204, 665 5 6 2 19 2,927 3,192 864 11,728 199 616 229 1,447 176 444 207 1,189 11 12 13 14 1? 23 17 128 94 12 13, 676 166,833 93,875 7,860 7 20 17 4 6,040 , 53,070 17.628 4,320 10 108 77 8 7,536 113,763 76, 247 3,540 8 91 66 7 7,160 103,247 70,967 3,180 53, 648 4,303 12,498 71, 573 2 17 11 1 375 10,516 5.290 360 230 1,273 937 100 174 981 858 84 15 16 17 18 62 10 18 92 83,208 9,103 18,948 106,018 14 5 3 18 27,580 4,800 6,150 29,600 38 5 15 74 55,628 4,303 12,798 76, 418 35 5 14 65 3 1,980 484 135 152 551 388 98 123 482 19 1 9 6 20 1 9 300 4,845 21 22 'Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 1; Kansas, 2; Kentucky, 1; Louisiana, 1; Maryland, 1; Mississippi, 1; Montana, 1; Nebraska, 1; Oregon, 1; Rhode Islajid, 2; Texas, 2; Utah, 2; Washington, 2. 172 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Oroup 1 — COFFEE ANJD SPICE, BOASTIIve AND GRINMIVG— Continued. STATE OE TERKITOEY. WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. • Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1. United States 5,969 $2,830,243 3,556 $2, 163, 437 2,322 S662, 655 81 S14, 161 $7,356,600 S553,875 $134,654 ? 8 331 23 13 11 11 953 131 92 35 146 77 319 16 188 664 35 1,642 592 45 401 34 46 20 28 64 6 60 89 3,288 196,049 11,610 6,120 6,142 4,276 431,889 44,923 42, 165 15,918 64,947 30,726 175, 537 7,561 66, 420 268, 123 18,376 831, 446 220,794 22,894 215,057 22,024 17,540 9,350 7,607 38,385 3, 102 1 19,644 29,350 8 217 15 13 11 8 551 47 60 20 70 57 180 12 69 340 24 1,092 257 34 262 25 38 13 12 43 6 38 35 3,288 157, 987 9,390 6,120 6,142 3,626 327, 720 26, 427 36, 636 12, 798 46, 270 26,871 128, 458 6,719 37,864 214,873 16,288 663, 109 137, 861 19, 192 166, 048 19, 274 16, 690 7,088 6,347 28,085 2,652 16,974 20, 660 4,430 443,621 13, 617 . 11,600 6,288 3,690 1, 284, 823 59, 754 107, 135 28, 585 73, 282 67,304 342, 692 6,847 172, 184 536,009 23,508 1,830,376 1,678,302 50,730 346, 639 30,771 6,518 4,080 14, 601 116,310 2,790 45, 473 55, 641 270 60,963 1,550 480 1,040 1,980 100, 236 9,610 6,900 4,800 8,340 5,829 32,610 1,806 16,058 51,724 3,430 159, 585 26,259 3,060 25,683 4,308 2,460 610 1,850 11, 476 670 7,600 3,900 264 6,998 872 490 244 235 23,164 4,346 4,894 900 2,199 1,344 9,851 160 4,418 13,365 1,093 22,228 19,969 2,406 3,585 66 324 926 716 1,537 470 2,840 4,773 R California 112 8 37,675 2,220 2 387 4 S District oJ Columbia Florida fi 7 Georgia 1 378 84 30 15 75 20 136 4 119 173 8 548 335 11 137 9 8 7 16 21 1 12 64 390 100, 917 18, 496 6,035 3,120' 19, 677 4,866 46,539 832 28,556 45,306 2,642 177,929 82,943 3,702 49, 579 2,760- 1,850 . 2, 262 2,260 10,300 4.50 2,670 8,700 2 24 260 3,252 S Illinois Q Indiana . in 2 484 11 Kentucky . ^?, 13 Maryland 14 3 640 1S 16 Minnesota 17 41 3 2 7,944 446 408 18 New Jersey IQ ?.(\ Ohio ?1 Oregon m Pennsylvania 2 430 ffl M TPTITIPSSP^ as Texas Zfi Virginia W Washington ?^ West Virginia 29 Wisconsin W Group 4 — COFFINS, BITRIAl, CASES, AND UNDEKTAKEKS' GOODS Continued. United States California Cormecticut Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Maine Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York North Carolina . . . - Ohio Pennsylvania South Carolina Tennessee Vermont Wisconsin : All other states 120 133 676 494 221 51 355 630 190 485 218 1,323 183 1,164 430 116 133 517 $4,119,811 41, 666 61,005 62, 744 344, 7«3 216, 763 105, 119 27, 460 198, 996 301,099 93, 576 244, 646 112, 444 690, 576 61, 798 636, 695 426, 891 25, 144 185,183 44, 474 59,869 288,890 6,947 69 103 117 506 384 177 49 286 660 163 400 193 1,010 162 945 676 406 97 116 450 S3, 664, 269 37,606 55, 581 56, 427 295, 467 187, 666 92,040 26, 846 173, 737 281, 602 86,157 220, 804 105,088 690, 841 48,411 481, 747 360,583 24, 719 177, 330 39,008 66,230 268,379 1,466 10 13 14 168 108 43 2 27 77 25 311 13 206 181 $443, 176 4,060 4,649 6,000 49,004 28,797 12, 809 614 24, 996 19, 497 8,419 21,610 7,366 99, 371 2,712 51, 940 64,324 7,863 5,466 4,439 19,361 $12,366 ! .52,502,316 32, 969 27,936 37, 672 269, 239 119,761 775 317 312 300 270 2,332 '"364" 675 3,008 1,984 426 190 1,150 74, 822 4,755 124, 267 158,024 68, 707 160, 223 32, 482 395,915 65, 415 396, 188 154,945 11,728 105, 141 16, 098 63, 789 203, 260 $126, 869 10, 260 4,400 19, 788 797 2,644 990 10, 103 4,183 8,270 7,600 34, 744 4,066 10, 621 192 100 450 7,861 $94, 233 1,306 2,143 9,437 7,266 3,971 524 6,355 10, 731 1,637 4,463 1,054 11,668 1,262 14, 956 6,032 911 4,321 776 1,565 5,043 GENERAL TABLES. 173 STATES AISD TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 1.— COFFEE AlVD SPICE, ROASTIIVG AND GIHNDING— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATBEIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and beat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partiaUy manufactured form (includ- ing " all othSr materials"). S6, 557, 561 1 $110,610 ]' .?IW. 847,335 $65,051,361 $55,441,464 $9,609,897 $279, 186 $170,897 $27,557 $318,334 $84,188,391 1 3,406 375, .570 11, 195 10,630 5,004 1,475 1,161,423 45,799 95,341 22,886 62,743 48,051 300,231 4,882 151,708 467,538 18,985 1,648,563 1,527,636 45,264 317, 371 26, 397 500 27.772 27,387 3,220,735 194,052 190,980 89,890 35,6SS 12, 375, 498 746,617 1,070,951 260,049 1,250,422 922, 978 2,709,002 97, 120 1,315,914 5,040,637 407, 570 22,550,141 7,554,593 648,156 1,778,410 287,894 261, 165 199,875 180, 497 257, 213 50,050 359, 152 968,725 22, 960 2,491,689 180, 832 189, 880 88,170 35, 180 11,657,016 637, 180 951, 185 247,924 483,007 921, 121 2,426,113 89,500 1,119,179 4,748,466 378, 090 20,617,092 3, 620, 817 516,077 1,712,509 232,000 241, 165 193, 535 180,497 196, 132 50, 050 4,427 729,046 13, 220 1,100 1,720 508 718, 482 109,437 119,766 12, 125 767,415 1,857 282,889 7,620 196,735 292,171 29,480 1,933,049 3,933,776 132,079 65,901 55, 894 20,000 6,340 100 9,471 1,740 1,041 684 48 47, 187 4,027 3,177 1,768 4,424 4,686 10, 123 ,650 3,695 23,356 2,075 102,724 19,276 2,330 18, 110 1,540 951 986 1,212 125 1,910 5,950 5,820 260 18, Oil 375 600 1,404 490 16, 182 3,150 5,088 1,184 6,020 740 11,750 860 6,204 18,807 3,316 44, 216 7,866 2,757 9,389 1,810 1,676 604 2,421 2,070 25 1,100 147 30 15 12 2,708 286 310 109 724 297 406 190 449 3,297 122 9,400 4,990 665 1,148 25 11 47 160 70 205 462 247 45, 464 4,682,618 269, 450 266,452 121,642 62, 950 15, 745, 057 963,930 1,458,957 359,325 1,652,763 1,171,689 3,657,151 132,800 1,816,278 7,263,684 567,732 26, 995, 311 9,968,286 811, 076 2, 697, 360 ? 100 3,250,750 197,864 194, 151 92,293 36,238 12,482,957 761,596 1,136,747 i,433 1,550 1,600 300 3 4 5 6 7 41,382 7,516 57,221 270 50 350 22, 124 8 9 10 263,380 1,261,640 929,051 2,753,405 98,820 1,372,911 5,145,068 417,062 22,711,447 7,626,308 653, 808 1,822,167 294,520 264, 303 201,752 184, 290 265, 028 52,765 367,664 981,578 11 12 2,080 13 14 15 46,649 58,971 3,979 4,966 39,583 1R 2,392 17 18 19 105,438 20 ■Jl 15,110 3,251 600 240 99 374, 347 23 3,734 330,861 243,600 245, 689 523,984 64,050 602, 450 1,223,437 24 2,545 12,036 103,298 1,750 35,133 46,968 25 96 61,081 5,550 600 1,500 3,739 97 9R 350, 779 8. 373 600 3,047 99 863,319 1 105.406 30 ' Group 4 — COFFINS, BURIAI. CASES, AND UNDERTAKERS' GOODS— Continued. $2,251,909 7,952 22,230 35,529 230,014 111, 708 67,957 3,241 108,809 141,573 57,070 146,890 23,928 347,833 64,028 376,666 138, 364 10, 626 100,160 15, 222 61, 774 181, 346 $29,305 13,925 1,537 600 ijeto 125 500 938 660 '9,'66o $9,501,267 134, 486 149, 680 110, 929 928, 897 472, 202 301,992 43, 731 378, 627 524, 838 171, 447 647, 961 225,809 1,884,775 69,885 1,176,008 1,005,020 37,965 349,399 I 81,291 150, 933 652, 392 $9, 182, 622 130,088 144, 545 107,285 904, 742 454, 143 282,468 43, 228 307, 404 609, 238 168, 143 641,259 214,024 1,841,069 58,538 1,145,959 967,075 31,480 342, 881 76,057 140, 740 612, 266 $26,323 150 9,000 $9, 156, 299 129, 938 144, 545 107, 285 904, 742 454, 143 282, 468 43, 228 367, 404 509, 238 168, 143 641, 259 214, 024 1,823,896 58, 638 1, 145, 959 967, 075 31,480 342, 881 67, 067 140, 740 612, 256 $138, 285 700 2,643 2,399 13,457 9,147 4,743 210 5,495 7,428 5,310 2,725 3,809 25, 175 3,077 22, 100 11, 169 1,800 3,232 2,612 4,353 6,701 $19, 149 504 72 720 2,379 300 100 4,415 640 780 180 824 1,494 540 "iso $48,090 $113, 121 414 1,305 525 2,940 2,385 588 113 658 1,146 174 493 7,976 8,006 835 6,353 6,673 1,285 2,446 350 390 3,036 2,780 1,115 5,379 6,227 14, 193 80 655 6,386 40 3,304 6,154 7,435 772 18, 609 3,400 300 2,272 5,300 28, 720 $20, 266, 110 260, 311 300, 694 276, 727 1,867,162 1, 106, 946 607, 082 122, 871 994, 839 1,224,567 397, 196 1,245,969 453, 452 3, 677, 394 270, 639 2,623,862 1,988,577 126, 247 922, 618 165, 545 325, 730 1,407,682 174 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14.— COKE. (See also special report on Coke.) STATE OR TEKBITOKT. United States. Alabama Colorado Indian Territory. Kansas Kentucky Obio Pennsylvania Tennessee Virginia West Virginia All otber states i. Number of estab- lish- ments. 4 110 9 13 74 19 S90,712,877 3,425,193 3,128,136 116,806 33, 166 178,686 583,913 56,838,875 733, 426 3,467,449 8,063,570 14,143,668 Land. 88,374,672 133,242 30,200 940 6,924,672 32,260 451,457 36,029 762,314 Buildings. $14,235,683 87,902 43,297 6,500 800 ,10,800 22,432 12,214,790 16,364 322,137 621,627 889,044 Machinery, tools, and implements. 859,666,330 2,889,380 3,029,639 98,806 26,630 137,634 373,300 31,791,167 662,772 2,304,911 6,961,310 11,290,781 Cash and sun- dries. $8,536,192 314,669 26,000 11,500 5,736 29,312 184,613 6,908,346 22,049 388,944 444,604 1,201,519 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 197 Total horse- power. 75,991 3,385 3,806 110 170 350 48,955 405 6,496 3,907 9,408 Group 3.— COliliARS AND CUFFS. (See also Furnishing goods, men's; Shirts.) 1 United States 44 - SU, 926,879 8220,950 8789,984 $1,331,128 19,684,817 41 2,600 7, 37 4 3 11,629,429 34,715 262,735 219,950 1,000 787,984 2,000 1,244,127 15,186 71,815 9,377,368 16,529 190,920 36 4 2 2,440 32 128 3 Pennsylvania 4 Group 14.— COMBS. (See also Ivory and bone urork; Fancy articles, not elsewhere speclAed.) 1 United States 42 $1,112,260 $60,400 8163,907 $204,780 8693,173 37 1,298 Massachusetts . . ■> 20 11 6 6 626, 168 257,680 143,300 86,112 23,700 10,000 20,700 6,000 82,332 20,000 37,000 14,676 101,643 56,000 23,859 23,278 418,493 171,680 61,741 41,259 20 7 5 6 781 153 243 121 3 New York : 4 Pennsylvania 6 All other states ^ Group 1.— CONDFNSEJD ITIII^K. (See also Butter; Cheese; and special report on Butter, cheese, and condensed milk.) United States. California- . Illinois Michigan . . New York. Ohio Pennsylvania Washington Wisconsin All other states ^ , 810,942,955 473,729 3,702,410 536,867 3,563,419 213,699 802,720 345,729 195,919 1,108,463 $433,225 6,700 142,410 21,460 148,376 9,150 59,000 8,200 15,000 23,940 $2,881,980 38,995 1,002,266 72,953 1,186,166 87,100 153,600 37,500 62,000 241,500 83,512,416 127,886 1,064,598 179,897 1,260,351 73,984 192,591 160,500 72,000 390,609 84,115,334 301,148 ,493,136 262,667 968,627 43,465 397,629 149,529 46,919 452,414 81 6,403 173 1,711 465 2,392 263 669 180 180 480 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows; Georgia,2; Illinois, 1; Maryland, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Minn6sota,l; Montana, 1; New Jersey, 1; NewMexico,2; New York, 2; Utah, 2; Washington, 2; Wisconsin, 2; Wyoming, 1. 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Illinois, 1; Michigan, 1; Vermont, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 175 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Qrou]> 14.— COKE. (See also special report on Coke.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALAEIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EABNERS. Aggregate. Officers ol corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerlis, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing tne year. Total. ■ Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 73 1,386 51,247,502 187 $309,011 1,199 J938,491 1,154 $918,195 46 320,296 24, 652 16,355 1 107 36 4 96,518 26,637 2, 810 34 23, 327 73 36 3 72,191 26,637 2,660 72 36 3 71,471 26,637 2,560 1 720 2,602 1,037 111 24 132 153 12,462 476 1,479 3,627 2,659 1,492 342 79 7 80 73 9,342 347 1,072 2,076 1,446 2 3 1 250 4 6 4 12 749 39 70 231 134 8,000 12,504 733,617 24,315 58,147 160,032 125,922 1 3 1 71 9 13 35 20 6,000 500 196,798 7,986 16,600 27,123 30,528 1 11 678 30 57 196 114 2,000 12,004 536,819 16,330 41 ,-647 132,909 95,394 1 10 637 30 55 196 114 2,000 11,604 518,243 16,330 41,047 132,909 95,394 R 1 72 1 41 400 18,576 7 8 « 2 600 10 11 T. Group 2.— COI.I.AKS AND CUFFS. (See also Furnishing goods, men's; Sliirts.) 55 717 $637,197 29 $154,792 688 $482,405 494 $401,735 194 $80,670 11,870 9,633 1 46 5 4 672 10 35 605,394 7,912 23,891 26 1 3 149,548 1,500 3,744 647 9 32 455,846 6,412 20,147 467 8 19 380,207 6,100 16,428 180 1 13 75,639 312 4,719 11,371 124 376 9,281 98 154 2 3 4 Crronp 14.— COMBS. (See also Ivorj and bone-ivork; Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified.) 58 81 $86,004 14 320,156 67 $65,848 52 $59,664 15 $6,184 2,204 1,492 1 22 17 8 11 51 19 7 4 53,840 14,470 8,002 9,692 11 2 11,556 2,600 40 17 7 3 42,284 11,870 8,002 3,692 32 13 5 2 39,442 9,990 7,372 2,860 8 4 2 1 2,842 1,880 630 832 1,267 580 183 174 849 370 146 127 2 3 4 1 6,000 5 Group 1 .— CONDENSED miLiK. (See also Butter; Cheese; and special report on Butter, cheese, and condensed milk.) 15 313 $363,332 29 $72,040 284 $291,292 236 $266,189 49 $26,103 4,178 2,793 1 11 79 17 83 5 40 24 16 38 11,585 97,687 13,617 117,276 3,720 36,225 29,760 15,800 37,672 2 6 1 5 2,400 17,700 1,800 19,000 9 73 16 78 5. 36 20 14 34 9,185 79,987 11,817 98,276 3,720 28,165 16,950 11,620 31,672 6 58 14 69 5 33 13 13 24 7,966 73,103 11,130 92,966 3,720 26,765 13,150 10,800 26,600 3 15 2 9 1,220 6,884 687 5,320 148 1,349 320 1,249 71 264 210 140 427 70 1,004 236 820 43 135 146 97 243 1. 2 3 2 2 2 3 4 6 6 6 4 2 4 8,060 12,800 4,280 6,000 2 7 1 10 1,400 3,800 720 5,072 7 8 1 3 .9 10 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Connecticut, 1; New Jersey, 2; Ohio, 2; Rhode Island, 1. * Includes establishnjents distributed as follows: Colorado,!; Indiana,2: Iowa, 1; Maine, 1; New Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 2; Oregon, 2; Utah.l; Vermont,!. 176 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14.— COKE— Continued. • STATE OR TEKKITORY. "WAGE-EARNERS AND "WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. "Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States 18,981 89,304,498 ,18,915 19,290,216 66 $14,282 $4,891,130 $64,287 $451,082 ? 2,165 923,983 371,897 44,013 5,562 40,493 54,343 6,172,736 128,568 440, 120 1,003;592 1,119,191 2,165 578 90 11 92 113 10,139 377 1,064 2,525 1,771 921,813 370,977 44,013 5,562 40,493 54,343 5,168,751 128, 568 434,963 1,001,542 1,119,191 10 3 2,170 920 . 166,902 38,372 6,000 305 7,963 9,400 3,363,421 21,035 52,643 369,906 865,183 2,000 1,600 1,500 16,416 126 3 Colorado.... 581 90 ■i 11 92 113 10,164 377 1,094 2,533 1,771 305 1,384 1,650 330,727 3,687 10,238 . 32,241 64,309 fi 89 500 27,367 7 Ohio ;... Pennsylvania s 15 3,985 q in Virginia 30 8 5,157 2,050 4,970 26,753 618 11 1'' All otiier states Group 2.— COt.L,ARS AND CUFFS— Continued. 1 United States 10,786 33,667,193 1,519 $730,564 9,179 $2,927,344 88 $9,285 $2,927,746 $55,883 $17,772 •>' 10,368 99 319 3,667,158 21,454 78,681 1,449 35 36 698, 360 10,484 21,720 8,843 60 ■ 276 2,861,644 10,616 66,285 76 4 8 7,254 455 1,576 2,872,737 13,081 41,928 52, 194 520 3,169 17, 190 45 537 3 4 Pennsylvania Group 14.— COJttBS— Continued. 1 United States Massachusetts New York 1,806 $757,667 1,484 $659,715 279 $89,216 43 $8,726 $160,202 $21,830 $4,279 2 3 991 617 169 139 396,026 228,746 66,460 66,436 820 421 142 101 343,489 204,394 62,444 49,388 162 90 7 30 . 48,499 23,208 1,875 15,634 19 6 10 8 4,038 1,144 2,131 1,413 63,006 67,213 19,130 10,853 6,290 13,724 640 1,276 3,141 200 633 305 4 6 Pennsylvania All other states Group 1.— CONDENSED MIliK- Continued. 1 United States 3,375 $1,613,169 2,172 $1,168,004 1,133 $332,647 70 $12,508 $940,969 $4,366 $44,890 o 102 1,189 248 1,010 37 188 159 108 334 59,102 614,463 102,923 476,630 14,166 70,093 71,382 60,089 146,332 77 697 139 692 23 120 118 87 219 49,927 367,982 73,563 384,320 10,940 55,068 68,689 64,002 113,613 25 451 109 313 9 66' 36 18 107 9,176 138, 131 29,360 90,989 2,666 14,926 11,673 6,334 30,494 23, 727 402,074 19,097 257,092 6,374 64,640 39,114 16,778 112,063 360 360 1,884 13,709 4,225 15,680 458 1,080 983 1,308 5,563 3 Illinois Michigan 41 8,340 'i 5 6 2 6 3 8 321 649 100 1,120 753 1,225 2,456 6 Ohio Pennsylvania Washington Wisconsin 7 8 q in 1,200 GENERAL TABLES. 177 STATES AND TERRITORIES; 190.^— Continued. Group 14.— i'OKI?— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATEEIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. i Rent of j offices, ] interest, etc. 1 1 ■ Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. lient of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). $4,373,671 $2,090 529,884.532 .?29, 232, 122 $28,360,121 $872,001 $336,499 $1,733 $274,999 $39, 179 $51,728,647 1 138,486 36,502 4,600 3,997,247 985,817 101,366 16,392 21,253 170, 423 14,978,581 610,855 1,183,079 2, 647, 482 5,172,037 3,871,510 956, 324 93,062 16, 392 18,773 169,923 14,770,281 591, 773 1, 141, 369 2,610,481 4,992,234 3, 799, 827 922,394 93,062 16,392 18,698 169,923 14, 423, 048 582,461 1,105,432 2,580,118 4,648,766 71,683 33,930 21,837 16,600 600 74,560 13, 993 7,704 29,340 6, 175, 126 1,723,276 189, 861 20,588 100,194 259,058 28,924,229 809,801 1,884, .570 4, 174, 186 7,467,768 '1 246 ■i -1 5 6,490 7,260 3,003,492 17,348 37,435 .311,912 810,266 75 806 476 500 77,229 4,652 19,548 16, 433 69,904 1,198 6 7 1,845 347,233 9,312 35,937 30,363 343, 468 129,322 7,230 22, 162 19, 143 119,899 1,733 16 7,200 8 9 10 1,425 11 I'' OroiipS COL.L.A.RS AND CUFFS— Continued. SI, 780, 189 $1,073,902 S4, 639, 842 $4,543,957 $4,543,957 $52,379 $10,651 $10,267 .$22,. 588 $12,687,277 1 1,740,108 12,516 27.565 1.063,245 4,495,607 . 41,682 102,653 4, 406, 770 40,967 96,220 4,406,770 40, 967 47,655 138 4,686 10,256 240 156 9,596 145 526 21,331 192 1,065 12,188,181 107, 210 291,886 ? 3 10,657 96,220 4 Group 14.— COMBS— Continued. $134,093 $1,329,627 $1,280,701 $297,555 $983, 146 $18,361 $10,698 $13,905 85,962 $2,769,380 1 63,575 53,289 17,957 9,272 741,918 311,661 118, 298 157,760 707, 108 305,024 115,544 153,025 181,656 47, 140 68,600 160 525,453 257,884 46,944 162,866 12, 964 1,600 2,350 1,447 4,863 3,219 11,799 1,512 239 356 5,184 306 165 307 1,431,849 781, 476 274,458 281, 598 ? 3 4 2,616 5 Group 1.— CONDENSED MIL,K— Continued. 8891,303 $400 $16,372,954 $15,859,177 .?8, 706, 297 .97,152,880 .8401,985 $546 $38, 197 873,049 $20,623,690 507, 743 6,691,111 1,674,427 6,868,449 148, 963 1,257,509 738,688 843,957 1,792,843 1 21,493 388,005 14,872 238,966 5,916 63,560 38,131 15,070 105,300 367,819 5, 124, 206 1,506,341 5, 809, 286 103,366 i 860,363 543,439 666,497 1,403,637 339, 192 4,960,491 1,457,468 5,662,886 99,364 825, 827 627, 147 649,690 1,347,213 186,359 2,633,924 700,962 3, 137, 321 67,295 523,697 338, 120 362,960 765, 669 152, 833 2,326,567 756, 516 2,515,664 32,069 302, 130 189, 027 296,630 581,544 11,459 137,936 31, 143 129,264 3,903 15,117 14,227 12, 580 46,366 2,610 7,830 652 13, 100 99 8,138 995 1,136 3,637 4,658 17,949 16,078 13,937 ■ 2 3 ioo' 4 6 346' 11,281 724 2,191 6,331 R 400 9 100 10 MFG PT 1 07- -12 178 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 1.— COIVFECTIOIVEKV. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. STATE OR TERRITORY. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 1,348 $43,125,408 $3,002,819 35,118,706 S10,304,877 524,699,006 824 27,764 1 10 6 93 19 20 3 13 5 16 87 43 24 18 16 16 17 44 93 44 27 9 43 4 10 4 38 199 8 70 6 13 160 12 6 5 25 23 12 4 17 28 10 33 7 159, 199 163,720 1,809,758 341,268 301,556 133,600 130,715 79, 184 666,347 3,703,861 870, 157 752,374 95,392 486,288 236,432 111,979 1,154,819 3,746,791 766,786 824,561 118,650 2,348,391 38,600 262, 603 15,760 1,130,326 8,712,481 45, 106 1,764,417 21,074 188,630 6,978,913 98, 161 16,142 181,866 645,973 893,228 401, 176 179,011 297, 181 641,564 118,991 1,336,361 167,428 1,500 7,000 92, 500 14,500 23,600 9,000 8,500 2,500 21,000 126,702 28,000 48,700 16,000 35,000 45,504 13,578 424,691 57,799 68,629 52,800 20,050 13,691 122, 483 887,977 220,999 164,092 14,764 105, 152 44,634 25,900 ■ 296, 539 988,423 217,852 177,305 40,350 808,443 11,550 55,478 1,950 176, 506 2,103,630 10, 730 328,932 6,987 41,400 1,840,907 17,9.59 1,8,50 23,661 114,393 167,056 61,640 33,315 72,830 153,036 24,000 234,373 31,150 109,696 .122, 142 1,165,865 240,969 170, 727 55,700 67, 165 65,493 456,864 2,341,077 623,596 461,682 54, 188 366,336 172,912 63,679 620, 530 2,095,608 480,934 611,2.56 42,300 1,355,678 24,300 207,025 11,800 694,656 4,451,767 24,375 1,211,924 14,087 139, 130 3,023,469 67,702 5,792 130,776 627,830 666,803 287,236 84,844 186,663 398,028 86, 191 814,044 117,278 6 3 69 9 12 2 8 234 60 658 129 250 88 26 s Arkansas 4 5 Colorado 6 7 Delaware 8 Florida 10 27,000 156, 3.59 9,200 47, 200 14,860 11,300 8,236 6, 100 35, 100 260, 107 21,800 8,900 12,500 54,810 760 50,000 318,448 16,362 89,400 11,600 12,500 10,750 16,300 202, 6.50 412,653 46, 200 27, 100 23, 400 129,460 2,000 13 66 28 18 7 11 7 8 22 66 27 14 5 27 3 5 1 21 114 2 44 1 9 88 6 392 .4,600 674 533 30 362 174 62 801 2,871 013 440 64 1,121 9 68 1 444 5,577 9 902 3 59 4,105 137 11 !•> 13 14 15 16 17 Maine 18 10 •'n 21 22 23 24 Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska - New Hampshire . New J ersey 26 27 ■'8 1,000 115,273 , 981,375 6,000 83,444 1,000 243,892 1,175,709 4,000 140,117 or) North Carolina 30 ?1 Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island 32 33 34 35 2,000 780,949 5,000 3,000 4,500 3,000 38,000 14,700 16,300 10,366 30,500 2,700 80,000 4,000 6,000 1,333,598 7,500 5,600 22,928 750 132,369 37,600 44,552 27,422 60,000 6,100 207, 944 15,000 ^6 South Dakota 3 15 17 8 4 8 14 4 26 4 15 323 405 272 132 214 234 38 690 60 37 3 3 4 10, 398 29, 403 100,167 360 9,763 5 267 176 4,400 900 135 6 7 R 660 294 1,772 300.275 9 186 MANUFACTURES. Table 5. SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 4 CORK, C17TTING. STATE OR TERRITORY. Number of estab- lish- ments. ' CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States SO $4,009,031 $320,700 $960,205 $686,323 $2,041,803 29 2,821 '>. 5 4 6 19 13 3 124,702 59,668 366,818 334,677 3,114,291 8,875 10,522 9,250 70,324 96,020 499,257 950 114, 180 50,418 183,167 238,207 1,452,556 3,275 2 3 5 8 10 1 60 32 540 173 2,001 25 3 Massacliusetts 4 New Jersey .. . 46,750 100 272,000 1,850 66,577 350 890,478 2,800 5 New York , 6 Pennsylvania 7 Ail other states i Group 2.— CORSETS. United States Connecticut Illinois Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York Pennsylvania All other states 2... 109 $9,589,402 3,924,961 578,528 1,232,941 1,448,595 111,340 1,258,640 876,244 36,236 121,917 $449,515 243,500 21,575 65, 196 48,444 8,000 42,000 10,800 5,000 16,000 $1,416,126 775,008 70,974 182,854 74,670 22,000 173,244 59, 476 8,000 50,000 $1,094,820 403,798 89,592 138,955 139, 116 17,327 97,573 188,266 10,376 9,817 $6,628,941 2,502,665 396,387 855,936 1,186,465 64,013 946,823 617,702 12,860 47,100 3,456 427 402 326 17 404 214 13 24 Group 2.— COTTON GOODS. (See also Cotton small wares; Hosiery and knit goods; and special report on Cotton goods.) United States Alabama Connecticut Georgia Indiana Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Mississippi New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia Wisconsin All other states 3. , . 1,077 46 49 103 5 4 3 15 12 142 14 25 17 30 212 3 144 73 127 16 13 $605,100,164 24,758,049 31,088,865 42,349,618 2,276,816 2,155,883 1,795,794 21,642,675 6,955,149 173,669,030 4,620,133 31,176,461 14,289,787 17,926,041 57,413,418 190, 159 25,005,303 43,627,584 82,337,429 5,113,372 2,729,236 3, 155, 177 7,067,428 431,644 3,525,214 $26,351,753 670,901 1,742,155 1,569,330 78,000 42,574 134,018 1,268,926 669,200 7,368,279 117,524 1,754,396 655,222 586,512 1,790,581 1,600 1,268,881 2,496,184 1,998,956 251, 442 91,452 131,701 1,639,886 45,000 109,134 $115,361,238 4,996,740 7,099,101 9,211,392 503,233 416,302 380,760 3,278,433 1,282,806 30,682,067 1,043,673 4,283,052 2,891,134 4,440,152 10,701,840 21,642 4,783,610 9,536,283 15,766,566 1,077,341 498,781 538,838 1,178,119 102,015 648,469 $245,766,621 12,048,586 10,883,737 19,543,459 1,124,167 916, 150 820,226 7,926,805 3,579,678 65,553,209 2,242,071 6,892,710 5,505,567 6,793,082 28,484,819 61,500 7,941,270 14,509,864 41,950,436 2,346,458 1,405,847 882,350' 2,871,691 151,163 1,333,796 $217,620,562 7,041,822 11,363,872 12,036,437 671,416 781,857 460,800 9,178,612 1,623,466 70,076,476 1,116,865 18,246,303 5,237,874 6,106,295 16,436,178 105,517 11,011,642 16,986,263 22,621,471 1,439,131 733,155 1,602,288 1,377,732 133,376 1,433,815 103 5 4 3 16 12 142 14 25 17 30 212 3 141 72 127 16 13 4 10 3 7 1,031,843 28,084 48,642 80,636 5,266 3,086 2,050 39,836 12,245 309,616 6,904 79,405 16,698 26,674 93,548 330 22,843 71,926 156,117 8,346 3,523 4,263 9,502 940 4,475 'Includes establishments distributed as follows: Ohio, 1; Rhode Island, 1; Wisconsin, 1. » Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 2; Georgia, 1; Maryland, 1; Minnesota, 2; Ohio, 2. GENERAL TABLES. 187 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190&— Continued. Oroup 4.— CORK, CUTTINU. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OrnCIALS, CLERKS, ETC. "WAGE-EAKNEBS. Aggregate. OfBcers of corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. , Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 49 136 $197, 612 18 $51,302 118 $146, 310 92 $133,761 26 $12,649 3,415 2,429 1 2 6 3 21 10 7 15 2 32 23 61 3 21,931 1,396 26,882 30,585 115,558 1,260 2 1,628 13 2 29 17 54 3 20,303 1,396 18,832 18,685 85,834 1,260 12 2 . 22 12 42 2 19,928 1,396 16,200 16,299 79,938 1,000 1 375 133 42 269 641 2,319 11 103 36 225 371 1,688 6 2 3 6 7 8,050 11,900 29,724 7 5 12 1 3,632 2,386 5,896 260 4 6 6 7 Group a.— COKSETS. 96 877 $1,009,859 72 $247,073 805 $762,786 538 $620,523 267 $142,263 12, 514 9,077 1 12 14 6 6 1 4 38 6 10 360 36 74 161 11 93 120 6 16 479,574 36,650 143,717 142,942 12,402 83,861 94,930 2,173 14,610 15 4 13 10 4 14 12 71,860 11,020 83,503 22,350 7,550 30,240 20,560 346 32 61 151 7 79 108 6 16 407,724 24,630 60,214 120,592 4,852 63,621 74,370 2,173 14,610 233 14 39 117 2 61 63 2 7 338,840 15,600 49,696 105,226 1,800 43, 916 65,941 1,206 8,300 112 18 22 34 6 18 45 4 9 68,884 9,030 10,618 16,366 3,052 9,706 18,429 968 6,310 5,004 1,143 1,673 1,686 100 1,578 1,268 108 164 3,709 689 1,070 1,077 47 1,329 985 74 97 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 in Group 2.— COTTON GOODS. (See also Cotton small trares; Hosiery and. knit goods; and special report on Cotton goods.) 6,738 $9,911,767 $3,711,429 5,306 $6,200,338 4,871 $6,992,287 $208,051 351, 415 285, 302 4 4 12 33 4 182 43 259 342 558 34 25 16 200 100 .,604 64 309 135 194 903 526 761 66 36 27 45 20 46 342,879 504, 172 725,947 60,548 25,249 24,842 341,724 92,830 2,658,668 79, 321 616,062 239,061 281,068 973, 148 13,990 833,587 891,360 1,008,308 79, 557 36, 187 28,113 64, 794 31,966 68,426 74 67 183 10 7 3 37 7 187 24 29 15 32 101 230 23 5 4 14 2 148,006 165, 686 344,106 24,550 12,600 10, 125 146, 118 14,980 928,843 32, 170 122, 133 48,906 93,742 470,933 8,600 158, 100 356, 499 629, 364 33, 645 6,300 9,700 33,086 150 14,200 185 285 375 24 18 12 163 93 1,317 40 280 120 162 583 4 505 425 531 43 31 23 31 18 38 194,873 338,487 381,841 25,998 12,749 14,717 196, 606 77,850 1,729,815 47, 161 393,919 190, 146 187, 326 502,215 5,390 675, 487 534,861 478,964 46,912 29,887 28, 413 31, 709 31,806 44,226 343 22 16 9 160 91 1,196 37 254 111 148 564 4 420 394 493 42 31 22 30 17 191,899 326,237 364, 878 25, 569 11,992 13, 437 196, 087 77, 162 ,669,836 45, 471 380,601 186, 084 181,016 496,034 6,390 628,892 519,990 465, 413 45,812 29,887 28,113 31,353 31, 520 41,625 3 2 121 3 2,974 12,250 16,963 429 767 1,280 1,619 698 69,979 1,680 13, 318 4,062 6,311 7,181 46, 696 14,871 13, 641 100 300 366 286 2,601 12,834 13, 947 27, 469 1,696 1,188 1,108 13, 539 4,264 100,982 2,439 21,281 6,764 9,707 42,142 120 15, 491 23, 712 42,950 2,816 1,583 996 3,658 286 1,563 9,616 12, 145 21,956 1,047 961 652 11,600 3,689 82, 106 2,066 17, 621 6,026 7,516 33,467 104 12,361 20,240 34, 182 2,302 953 752 3,478 227 1,246 » Includes establishments distributed as follows: Arkansas, 2; CalUomla, 1; Delaware, 1; Illinois, 2; Missouri, 1. ( 188 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 4.— COKK, CUTTING— Continued. STATE OR TEKEITOBY. WAGE-EAENEKS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent ol works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. 1,296 Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United states 2,895 $888,240 8573,235 1,350 8281,145 249 S33,860 S508, 180 829,732 818,811 2 115 44 206 496 2,026 8 41,573 18,372 70,820 135,266 619,664 2,545 69 28 101 276 815 7 28,302 13,772 52,390 101,615 374,795 2,361 46 16 95 220 972 1 13,271 4,600 17,280 33,651 212,159 184 18,641 4,394 47,382 69,003 366,884 1,876 7,488 2,820 180 16,504 2,350 390 672 221 1,094 60 16,584 190 3 ■» 4 10 1,150 5 6 239 32,710 7 Group 3.— CORSETS— Continued. United States Connecticut Illinois Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York Pennsylvania All other states 10,975 1 83,600,462 4,412 961 1,348 1,378 73 1,459 1,124 1,418,140 331,206 477,399 469,030 21,894 437,750 378,066 23,238 43,739 1,178 8771,403 515 109 154 143 124 119 4 4 318,677 85, 169 130,782 92,750 2,760 60,713 77,958 944 1,650 1,514 3,757 778 1,148 1,227 1,325 1,003 83 127 82,772,560 1,070,013 230,624 339,693 373,576 18,978 375,997 299,608 21,982 42,089 140 74 46 $56,499 , 82,104,522 29,460 15,413 6,924 2,704 156 1,040 500 312 450,778 169,823 329,803 329,992 16,975 521,304 271,382 5,870 8,595 8111,175 6,638 14,279 6,602 4,951 2,500 26,075 46,630 1,420 2,280 $45,364 12,928 1,689 12,497 9,991 1,008 5,226 760 200 1,066 Group 3.- COTTON GOODS— Continued. United States. 17 18 Alabama Connecticut - Georgia Indiana Kentucky . . . 7 Louisiana 8 Maine 9 Maryland 10 Massachusetts . 11 Mississippi 12 New Hampshire. 13 New Jersey New York North Carolina. . 14 15 16 I Ohio. Pennsylvania. . . Rhode Island. . . 19 ! South Carolina. 20 ' Tennessee 21 Texas 22 1 Vermont 23 . Virginia 24 I Wisconsin 25 All other states. 310, 458 11,480 13,067 24, 130 1,174 1,031 828 12,382 3,993 88,033 2,161 19,731 5,362 8,589 36,356 107 13,789 21,917 37,271 2,294 851 3,456 161 1,302 894,377,696 2,457,928 4,637,216 6,313,392 302,036 243,215 198,812 4,056,858 934, 108 32,352,325 618, 448 7,372,808 2, 021 i 841 3,000,193 7,503,512 27,185 5,455,858 7,890,160 7,701,689 531,406 269,737 241,400 883,908 43,760 439,902 146,718 852,212,730 5,009 7,107 10,851 319 364 232 6,323 1,346 43,393 9,697 2,016 4,434 15,909 20 6,056 10,593 18,279 931 420 370 1,783 65 402 1,361,106 2,786,070 3,067,435 109,713 103,866 88, 463 2,050,210 453,085 17,787,769 246,086 4,049,098 1,006,946 1,746,218 4,065,176 11,290 3,172,128 4,335,669 4,459,175 274, 456 144,315 124,587 635,847 21,840 212,303 124,711 $36,872,510 3,377 5,158 7,873 774 676 408 6,469 1,862 39,054 796 9,625 2,848 3,860 12,236 87 6,546 9,377 10,167 836 1,260 88 648 693,647 1,676,660 1,663,361 180,436 121,766 87,639 1,892,853 390,047 13,261,481 198,037 3,246,693 918,827 1,198,389 2,374,443 15,895 2,054,930 3,122,844 2,023,517 157,446 89,781 106,741 288,836 20,620 188,722 40,029 I 86,292,456 3,094 802 5,406 81 101 188 690 785 6,586 556 409 498 295 8,212 1,187 1,947 8,835 628 205 51 413 8 252 403, 175 175,586 682,596 11,886 17,584 22,720 93,795 90,976 1,303,075 74,326 77,017 96,068 66,, 586 1,063,893 228,800 431,767 1,218,997 99,. 504 35,641 10,072 59,225 1,300 38,877 $29,930,801 1,002,033 1,163,110 2,396,611 119,844 124, 413 69,053 1,203,933 167,164 9,276,447 , 232,411 1,827,646 450,390 954,185 2,637,939 10,735 2,026,752 2,166,686 3,229,796 242,620 93,436 101,434 284,601 17,668 133, 106 8659,745 $4,141,364 10,532 3,970 12,596 300 3,456 6,750 4,233 144,157 459,302 2,800 50,241 124,978 277,199 13,501 8,863 3,999 265,519 28,146 1,821,296 12,053 288,211 66,918 141,078 256,269 1,460 67,584 264,861 377,609 16,102 8,413 5,806 29,690 2,311 9,267 GENERAL TABLES. 189 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group a.— CORK, CUTTING— Continued. MISCELL.VNE0U3 EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent o£ offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). S449, 483 $10,154 S2, 469, 197 $2,403,578 $2,307,358 $96,220 $34, 178 $6,840 $6,032 $8, 569 $4,490,952 1 10, 481 1,353 46, 108 42,295 347,950 1.296 76,349 33,910 190,835 350, 450 1,802,427 5,226 72, 690 32,880 183, 767 340,293 1,769,021 4,937 72,578 112 32, 880 2,103 43,143 14, 490 3,492 1,160 65 5,341 2,716 24, 649 247 600 740 120 3,300 2,080 145 8 1,617 1,212 3.040 10 1,754 217 2,' 929' 3,637 32 180,968 67, 667 380,271 670, 134 3,175,848 16,074 •> 3 181,654 297, 150 1,754,531 1,445 4 10, 154 5 6 7 Group 2 CORSETS— Continued. .51.947.983 $6,136,237 $.'5,968,542 $48, 934 $5,919,608 $86,963 $21,004 $16,060 $42, 668 $14,862,081 1 431,312 2,684,085 560, 785 770, 904 700,305 47, 663 681,785 616, 588 38,652 34,480 2,605,960 543,914 757,213 674, 157 45, 436 664,974 605, 343 38, 123 33,422 37, 634 2, 568, 326 543,914 757, 213 665, 157 45,436 664,974 603,043 38, 123 33,422 63,223 6,759 4,574 4,304 254 5,666 1,816 57 310 2,204 1,936 1,195 4,306 994 1,825 7,516 377 661 9,048 2,868 390 1,379 17 1,283 988 70 17 . 3,660 5,308 7,532 16, 159 962 8,037 925 25 80 5, 590, 637 1,236,995 1,939,788 1,975 458 106,954 2,092,529 1,674,586 81,300 i 163,834 2 l,i3 S.">.i 3 310,804 315, 050 13,467 490.003 223, 992 4 '^.iO 4 9,000 6 6 7 2,300 8 9 5 ''.50 10 Group 2 COTTON GOOOS— Continued. $24.1 78.S7i 961,792 1,025. .548 2,119,412 106, 343 114,248 65,0.54 709, 467 135.038 7,435.76.5 220,358 1,528,975 363,853 806,674 2.376,861 5,042 1,753,697 1,352,864 2,829,120 225, 318 85,023 95, 628 252,111 15, 257 106, 627 $450, 817 218,416 10,059 16, 163 783 4,809 61, 414 88,658 23,067 $282,047,648 18,222 12,010,798 10,070,291 23,832,297 1,139,702 1,164,976 780, 633 9,173,226 3.873,475 79,767,088 1,648,842 18,496,971 5,142,785 8, 402, 601 33,025,340 88,546 13,211,483 17, 669, 470 34,308,311 2,240,973 1,017,608 726,094 2,802,260 377,914 1,075,964 $263, 632, 701 11,488,888 9,250,6.54 22,522,361 1,070,377 1, 134, 105 723, 457 8, 602, 445 3,691.755 74, 312, 621 1,473,614 17,5.37,978 4,855,043 7,895,207 30,806,374 85, 729 12,623,075 16,206,272 31,563,638 2,126,335 941,789 660, 492 2,690,924 366. 372 1,003,396 $221,821,944 11,085,763 6,860,666 21,132,744 1,058,538 1,051,887 680, 311 7,810,400 3,293,937 62,232,818 1,404,662 15, 705, 596 2, 647, 840 6, 190, 179 27,822,753 2,918,136 11,747,126 30,769,178 2,045,800 918, 977 628, 710 2, 596, 425 341,234 878,365 $41,810,757 403, 125 2,389,988 1,389,617 11, 839 82,218 43, 146 792,045 397, 818 12,079,803 68, 8.52 1,832,382 2,207,203 1,705,028 2,983,621 85, 729 9, 704, 939 4,459,147 794, 460 80, 636 22,812 31,782 94, 499 25, 138 126,031 $9,902,348 299, 692 349, 963 619, 666 66, 826 23,949 35, 853 220, 391 76,769 3,031,717 93,388 626,049 175, 705 243, 687 1, 323, 489 1,740 302, 761 720,971 1, 478, 669 65, 664 42,260 31,005 48, 659 8,610 35,997 $464,923 3,500 3,600 55,160 16,325 'si'iis' 29,250 2,865 81,512 9,332 44,740 14, 845 94, 485 8,322 300 400 16,869 $7, 297, 475 204, 499 413,082 534, 429 8,600 6,922 10,076 314, 794 94, 098 2,186,291 73, 641 269,027 93, 192 135,015 771,634 201,670 651,012 1, 130, 578 57, 326 26,247 32, 462 62,292 2.112 19,787 $750, 201 14,219 53, 102 100, 682 5,000 11,248 19,271 10,853 153,041 8,299 34, 667 15,980 47, 180 114,611 277 39,237 76, 370 41,041 1,658 ,845 386 420 915 $442,451,218 16,760,332 18,239,155 35, 174, 248 1,483,513 1,564, 618 1,081,951 15, 405, 823 5,244,742 129,171,449 2,462,808 29,640.770 8, 578, 527 13,017,904 47,254,0.54 154,250 24,136,813 30. 628, 843 49; 437, 644 3,560,984 1,587,289 1,086,622 4, 484, 131 553,007 1,841,841 190 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Uroup 3.— COTTON SlTIAliIj Wares. (See also Cotton goods; Hosiery and knit goods; and special report on Cotton goods.) STATE OE TERRITORY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number ol estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 77 $8,010,491 $368,036 $1,248,089 $2,859,913 $3,534,463 76 7,805 Connecticut ■> 3 19 3 21 26 6 69, 772 883,262 648,200 2, 169, 151 3,949,625 390,481 60 31,746 33, 100 67,400 225,540 10,200 300 118,912 112,900 147,250 822, 129 46,698 41,749 412, 540 166,200 714,615 1,350,183 174,626 27,673 320,064 236,000 1,239,886 1,561,773 159,057 3 18 3 21 26 5 339 1,177 350 1,111 4,322 606 3 4 Massachusetts New York . . 5 6 Pennsylvania Rhode Island 7 Group 2 COTTON WASTE. 1 41 $3,585,611 $285, 939 $506,372 $467,056 $2,326,244 41 4,013 Massachusetts New York 2 3 8 3 18 12 1,605,379 294, 143 712,948 1, 073, 141 172, 600 4,000 44,183 66,266 299,260 43,000 57, 860 106,262 181, 167 24,556 96,665 165, 768 852, 452 222, 687 515, 360 736,855 8 3 18 12 1,338 276 828 1,672 4 5 Pennsylvania AU other states 2 Group 9.— CKtiCIBL.ES. 1 United States 11 $1,577,051 S251,371 $239,081 $116,816 $969, 783 11 627 Pennsylvania A II nt.hp.r stfl.tps 3 2 3 5 6 958, 840 618,211 95,371 156,000 142,081 97,000 51,936 64,880 669,452 300,331 5 6 360 267 Group 3.— CCTliERV AND EDGE TOOLiS. (See also HardvFare; Sairs; Tools, not elsewhere specified.) United States Connecticut Illinois Indiana Maine Maryland 1 Massachusetts Michigan New Hampshire New .Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Washington Wisconsin All other states ^ . . . $20,809,821 6,086,834 666,536 356,770 89,611 7,990 2,900,355 182, 892 327, 426 1,127,391 2, 747, 154 1,734,637 3,774,070 4,250 12,650 791,356 $1,394,601 384, 624 70, 850 13,600 12, 250 800 271,099 22,047 29, 417 66,252 137, 387 75,073 232, 752 5,000 73, 550 $3,632,318 1,062,272 102, 179 82,294 11,200 2,150 546,777 38,908 34,867 147, 116 398,961 271, 824 783, 770 149,200 $6,132,768 1,137,910 184, 768 133,826 22,374 2,650 715,686 49, 449 30, 750 236,685 561,012 542, 545 1,346,469 1,560 4,000 163,096 3, 502, 128 308, 738 127, 051 43, 687 2,390 1,366,793 72,488 232,392 677,338 1,649,794 846, 195 1,411,079 2,700 2, 850 405,611 243 35, 418 7,194 680 806 668 22 6,120 384 794 764 4,936 1,990 11,437 6 57 761 Group 14 DAIR.¥jn:EN'S, POULiTEBEKS', AND APIAKISTS' SUPPlilES. United States CalHomia Connecticut Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Massachusetts Michi^aa Missouri Nebraska New Jersey Ne-n York. Ohio Pennsylvania Virginia Wisconsin All other states ^ _ . S.5, 030, 081 174, 700 21,3.50 671,382 126,020 137,951 105, 456 4,250 18,978 21, .509 168, 365 141,078 2,283,281 583,037 151, 177 ■ 14, 200 355,690 151,757 $274,067 12,500 700 40,725 4,400 3,750 • 4,050 200 4,325 1,650 6,076 7,428 93, 798 33, 800 8,900 1,765 36,626 14, 475 30,100 3,300 86,800 17, 435 22,601 19,365 760 5,300 6,366 9,921 29, 240 192, 851 66,000 19,300 3,550 48, 692 23,186 $901,217 13,650 10, 600 110,380 50,021 23,906 31,186 1,060 3,000 • 7, 493 30, 348 26,839 . 353, 600 92, 777 32,603 6,800 72, 182 35,922 S3, 272, 241 118,460 6,860 334,477 54, 164 87, 734 50, 855 2,250 6, 353 6,100 122, 021 77,571 ,643,132 391,460 90,374 3,085 199, 190 78, 175 4,516 8 60 2 5 19 613 9 137 6 285 2 55 3 18 2 22 2 42 6 94 3 80 21 1,475 10 784 9 138 X 86 6 401 10 221 I Includes estabUshments distributed as foUows: Georgia, 1; Illinois, 1; New Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 1; Ohio, 1. 2Include^ establishments distributed as follows: Connecticut, 1; Georgia, 1; Illmois, 1; Indiana, 1; Maine, 1; Maryland, 1: Michigan, 1; New Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 1; Ohio, 1; Texas, 2. 'Includes estahhshments distributed as follows; Connecticut, 1; IlUnois, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Michigan, 1; New Jersey, 1; Utah, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 191 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued. " Group 3.— COTTON SIflAKiLi n^ARE^S. (See also Cotton goods; Hosiery and knit jfoods; and special report on Cotton goods.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. Aggregate. 11,712 .'i4,S.W 32,670 S4,(iS4 129.639 12.. WO SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEKKS, ETC. WAGE-EAENEES. General superintendents, managers, slerlcs, etc Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing tire year. Least number employed ai any one time dur- ing tlie year. Total. Men. Women. |! : NiinilHT. 59 Salaries. SI. 12.292 Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 184 $173,832 145 .*l.'->4,877 39 $18,965 6,020 4,902 1 ! '1 15 17 4 8,800 25, 595 16,000 44,880 52,017 5. COO 4 34 19 49 68 10 2,912 29,264 16, 670 39,804 77,622 7,580 2 29 16 34 55 9 2,080 26,788 16, 170 32,937 70,652 7,250 2 5 3 15 13 1 832 2,476 1,500 6,867 6,970 310 44 689 251 1,599 3,143 294 44 604 186 1,394 2,690 184 2 3 4 6 6 7 Group 3 COTTOIV WASTE. 41 116 SUM, 170 20 $65,050 96 $99,120 81 $91,574 15 87,546 1,672 1,431 1 10 29 57,480 7 26,315 22 31, 165 18 28,879 4 2,286 518 425 2 2 10 15,712 1 5,000 9 10,712 6 9,484 3 1,228 80 73 3 22 27 32,002 6 12,250 21 19,762 15 16,720 6 3,032 230 173 4 7 50 58,976 6 21,486 44 37,491 42 36, 491 2 1,000 844 760 6 Group 9.— CRTJCIBI.BS. 3 57 .?115,689 16 $75, 181 41 $40,408 38 $39,004 3 $1,404 322 223 1 1 o 34 23 63,133 62,456 8 8 38,256 36,925 26 15 24,877 15,531 25 13 24,613 14, 491 1 2 364 1,040 107 215 46 177 2 3 Group 3.— CUTI.ERY ANB EDGE TOOIiS. (See also Hardtrare; Saws; Tools, not elsenrhere specified.) 228 906 $1,068,009 202 $406,698 704 $661,311 525 $683,414 179 $77,897 16,242 12,172 1 11 2 2 14 3 36 19 8 21 56 9 25 3 4 15 262 17 22 "i 327,931 23,450 22,642 1,680 52 6 6 109,450 13,634 7,300 210 11 17 2 218, 481 9,816 16,342 1,680 169 9 14 1 198,938 8,766 13,718 1,200 41 2 3 1 19,543 1,060 1,624 480 4,840 464 316 60 15 2,498 168 343 1,062 2,672 1,053 1,920 7 18 806 3,919 421 258 33 8 1,589 108 285 918 2,264 823 1,272 6 12 266 2 3 4 5 6 91 19 25 75 161 109 84 123,835 16,202 29,627 96,280 200,921 90,818 99,196 26 3 4 7 33 29 27 60, 116 5,700 9,200 27,900 63,950 47,141 47,907 65 16 21 68 128 80 67 63,719 9,502 20,327 68,380 136,971 43,677 51,289 50 13 17 52 99 36 43 58,029 8,677 18,282 60,083 121,117 31,419 44,350 15 3 4 16 29 44 14 5,690 826 2,045 8,297 15,854 12,258 6,939 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 34 1,000 35,527 3 7 300 14, 100 2 27 700 21,427 2 20 700 18, 145 16 7 3,282 16 Group 14 DAIRYOTEN'S, POlTliTERERS', AND APIARISTS' SUPPliIES. 165 500 $369, 190 80 $107,073 420 $252, 117 283 $200,694 137 $51,423 3,728 1,863 1 7 4 22 8 5 2 4 4 2 6 1 29 15 17 8 13 18 17 2 78 11 28 6 14,500 1,200 .52,877 9,660 22,020 2,760 4 6, .500 13 2 66 7 22 4 8,000 1,200 36,577 5,200 15,440 1,660 8 2 34 4 13 2 5,800 1,200 25,657 3,775 12,240 960 5 2,200 166 9 486 144 236 183 5 13 31 243 77 1,126 467 67 24 328 125 .59 5 278 42 62 73 5 9 4 63 27 699 289 41 12 129 66 2 3 12 4 6 2 16,300 4,450 6,680 1,200 32 3 9 2 10,920 1,425 3,200 600 4 6 6 7 R 1 3 23 8 203 68 23 240 1,960 12,957 5,480 151,792 47,933 10,075 1 1 21 6 181 66 20 240 400 12,082 2,980 115,500 31,767 7,725 1 1 13 3 27 27 9 240 400 6,082 956 12,764 9,427 2,125 9 2 2 2 22 12 3 1,660 875 2,600 36,292 16,166 2,350 1(1 8 3 154 29 11 7,000 2,024 102,746 22,340 5,600 11 12 13 14 15 16 19 10 16,644 9,102 5 4 6,760 5,550 14 6 9,894 3,562 10 5 8,300 3,052 4 1 1,694 500, 17 18 includes estabUsliments distributed as Jollows: California, 2; Delaware, 1; Kentucky, 2; Minnesota, 2; Missouri, 2; North Carolina, 1; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 2; Vermont, 2; West Virginia, 1. ^ ^-, tt -u- i xt +v, r, i- i 'Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 2; Delaware, 1; Maine, 2; Maryland, 1; Minnesota, 2; New Hampshire, 1; North Carohna, 1; Tennessee, 1; Utah, 2; Washington, 2. 192 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 3.— COTXOIV SMAIiL, IVAKES— Continued. STATE OK TEREITOKT. WAGE-EAENEKS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Childre'n under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages, Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States 5,416 $1,828,100 i,565 8740,538 3,462 81,023,474 399 S64,088 $556,577 $61,048 $36,816 44 15,800 202,692 71,025 487,587 1,000,006 50,990 23 194 74 340 848 86 8,084 81,149 33,610 186, 138 408,825 22,732 21 382 133 978 1,857 81 7,716 115,291 36,665 276,900 567,526 19,376 7,385 54,737 22, 136 135,625 290,485 46,209 2,148 8,665 220 6,581 2,136 2,641 24,300 938 3 4 Massachusetts 607 New York 211 31 ■ 4 156 136 72 6,262 760 24,549 23,055 8,882 5 6 7 Pennsylvania Rhode Islanr" 1,474 2,841 239 35,804 12,941 1,500 Croup a — COTTON WASTE-^Continued. 1 United States Massach usetts 1,559 $494,565 906 S381,996 640 $110,161 13 $2,408 $330,076- $38,122 $21,369 •> 478 76 206 799 190,401 24,611 98,979 180,574 309 40 178 379 147,393 17,881 91,984 124,738 168 36 26 410 42,810 6,730 6,605 64,016 1 198 1 93,354 20,427 65,212 151,083 12, 122 3,800 8,490 13,710 9,161 610 1,471 10,127 3 New York 4 Pennsylvania. 2 10 390 1,820 5 Group 9.— CRUCIBLES— Continued. 1 United States Pennsylvania 280 $169,219 280 $159,219 $124,174 $744 $9,277 2 89 191 52,805 106,414 89 191 52,805 106,414 41,609 82,566 4,280 4,997 3 744 Group 3.— CUTliEKV AND EDGE XOOL,S— Continued. United States. Connecticut. Illinois Indiana Maine Maryland. . . Massachusetts... Michigan New Ha.mpshire- New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania. . . Washington Wisconsin All other states. . 4,. 505 441 293 48 11 2,169 133 318 1,001 2,497 914 1,566 7 16 567 $7,076,018 2,469,855 163,021 132, 896 20,964 6,445 1,090,738 67,424 148, 800 447,980 1,254,.376 391,646 663,867 6,584 9,000 213,422 13,039 4,108 393 1,881 125 300 867 2,164 814 1,460 7 15 559 $6,675,57] 2,336,109 162,951 131,816 20,964 5,169 990,044 65,582 146,650 413,443 1,172,640 370, 442 643,493 6,584 9,000 211,794 1,166 410 38 4 223 5 18 81 221 94 69 $332,596 113,483 8,770 1,080 83,823 1,000 3,250 24,012 62,273 20,292 13,964 648 53 112 $67,852 10,263 1,300 16,871 842 10,.526 19,463 912 6,410 980 $1,881,776 667,620 73,000 33,119 7,128 776 211,774 23,769 20,038 96,735 337,563 206,397 158, 692 1,600 1,047 43,718 $49,819 3,072 160 424 10,263 60 300 6,865 16,608 2,680 3,260 920 610 3,747 $97,568 32,608 1,437 2,454 629 110 20,613 1,738 2,506 4,942 9,280 7,764 9,764 45 159 3,519 Group 14 — DAIRIfMEN'S, POUL.TEKEKS', AND APIARISTS' SUPPL,IES-Continued. 10 United States. California... Connecticut. Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Massachusetts - Michigan Missouri 11 Nebraska... 12 New Jersey. 13 ' New York.. 14 ( Ohio Pennsylvania . . . Virginia Wisconsin All other states. 2,608 106 6 369 71 130 118 6 107 46 916 361 55 12 204 85 $1,167,343 66,583 5,045 151,912 22,918\ 66,342 25,178 1,200 3,835 7,240 67,083 19,832 429,229 166,810 23,794 3,254 77,099 39,989 2,310 106 6 289 37 121 38 2 6 20 93 46 905 325 45 12 179 81 $1,106,643 66,583 5,045 136,767 16,384 63,647 13,507 500 3,561 7,240 .52,874 19,692 426,366 169,308 22,380 3,254 70, 466 39, 179 257 $54,160 13,700 6,064 2,695 11,671 700 4,209 2,409 4,845 1,114 6,233 520 $6,640 1,445 470 240 464 2,657 300 400 290 $762,520 27, 775 1,114 192,232 10,103 36,179 22,296 215 1,553 1,139 33, 444 13,125 237,011 99,356 36,977 464 37,928 11,609 $36,276 1,032 168 8,034 1,248 1,922 3,000 60 700 14,620 2,284 490 1,770 948 $17,869 938 40 2,658 810 873 607 10 235 138 445 287 3,078 4,922 394 82 1,661 691 GENERAL TABLES. 193 STATES AXU TERRITORIES: 190.5— Cent inued. Groups — COTTON SMAlili WAKES— Continued. MISCELL.VNEOU.S EX- TENS Ky— Cont'd. Rent of j ofBces, interest, I'tc. S3Sn,704 Contract work. ;7S,00!) 4,417 31 , 61)3 20, 000 92,S4.i 188,li0S 43,771 4,33."i 6S,23H COST OF MATERIALS USED. rrincipul in)it{. rials Aggiv S;4,207,(i:V. I32,97S 500, Sli4 242, 12.-> 1,110,1194 1,990,(134 225, 3( ill I'nrcliust'd in niw state. S4, 037, 209 S39(I,,SII5 131,,"i.".4 ■ 467,li3li I' 23l),l«10 'I ' 1,074,1112 : 1144 1,909,1144 , 29S,,',II1 217,7113 ■ 91,3.11 Purcha.scd in partially maniifactiiTi'd loriii (incliul- iiig ' 'jdi oUifT iiiutcrials " 1 . 83,646,404 131,,>-)4 4117,1131) 23(1,11110 1,073,(1118 1,611,134 120,412 Kent of I X.I, powrran.l' Mil Isup- I p^^. Iicat. I""'^- ! S97,035 S2.'-.,195 ,5311,683 .Sll,633 80S 14,464 7,279 4,100 1,000 21,531 6,080 52,12(1 8,710 4,006 2,126 7,871 19,834 1,345 5111 4,. 577 400 5,720 320 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. 8,016,486 186,229 897,533 416,000 2,163,040 3,944,607 409,077 Group 3 — COTTON WASTE— Continued. JS,420 72,071 16,017 54,907 115,425 344 11,821 S(i,S25,2lil 2,793,46(1 .S33,51S 1,300,984 2,171,293 8(1,(1.39,724 2,698,786 .535,944 1,2S4-,(I70 2,140,924 S142,,S20 S6, 516,904 S39, 163 S4,220 847,222 874,932 $8,343,328 1 2,698,786 535,944 1,201,250 2,080,924 15,712 1,394 9,522 12,5,35 1,415 300 1,125 1,380 36,485 515 2,740 7,482 41,068 15,365 9,527 8,972 3,296,003 039,863 1,675,236 2,732,226 2 3 4 6 82,820 60,000 Group 9.— CRUCIBIiES— Continued. .?112,.S2S ? 1,32.5 1,325 $761,851 533,798 228,053 S727,.394 8248,1140 ■ $478,754 ' $25,280 $50 .52,475 86,652 $1,342,716 1 36,004 76,824 517,934 !| 209,460 l; 55,938 192,702 461.996 16; 758 8,634 16,640 60 578 1,897 6,652 783,678 659,038 2 3 .100 630,630 63,044 30,515 6,349 242 180,754 21,971 17,232 S4,92.S 311,449 194,9.53 145,.5(..S 635 378 36,4.52 Group 3.— CUTLERY AND EBGE TOOLS— Continued. S9,289 1,210 7,559 150 86,028,166 2,112,881 175,967 95,613 22,048 2,013 811,143 56,702 148,411 462,978 733, 287 422,632 611,260 2,295 5,526 365,410 85,275,550 1,842,303 159,994 76,515 16,567 1,364 692,036 46,669 136,891 439,001 676,251 333,660 532,644 1,865 4,512 316,388 $122,629 $5,152,921 28,438 70 6,599 7.9.S3 0,377 49,898 1,818,239 159,994 76,515 16,567 1,364 663,. 598 46,599 131,292 431,018 669.674 333,. 550 482,746 1,866 4,512 315,388 $436,353 150,509 8,760 17,396 4,076 617 49,257 6,454 4,073 17,237 36,903 37,104 58,441 40 760 44, 720 825,933 8243,678 350 428 9,061 36 1,348 6,507 4,248 1,874 285 69 1,577 113,819 1,113 1,326 311 32 . 52,, 524 2,508 2,726 2,417 10,749 40,028 12,907 30 160 3,029 6,900 6,672 376 944 8,266 1,036 4,722 2,975 2,877 7,702 6,394 76 26 690 $18,614,9 6,167,852 486,446 313,392 72,680 ■ 11,376 2,584,927 177,269 382,723 1,205,623 ' 2,949,079 ; 1,272,315 2,117,(103 13,. 300 21,500 838,445 Group 14 DAIRYMEN'S, POULTERERS', AND APIARISTS' SUPPLIES— Continued. $571,316 25,805 906 112,917 8.045 33^384 18,689 145 818 960 32,174 12,838 172,363 89,150 28,2,37 382 24,523 9,970 8137,0.39 68,623 , 500 51 46,960 3,000 7,836 '9,'974' 83,203,461 44,829 5,306 661,284 142,331 103,681 183,339 2,122 6,767 41,831 93,074 41,123 1,272,411 418,9(13 55,519 4,, 560 170,260 55,031 83,089,1X3 4 700 .347 148 140 336 99 188 182 .579 1 990 5,680 [| 41 403 |l 89,090 38,674 i 1,221 514 1 408 439 511 117 1 4,10S 163,5.59 51,976 $76,982 ,S.S3 100 2,900 (16,112 4,623 2,000 ; 3,012,203 38,384 4,700 647, 148 139,671 99,088 182,679 1,990 5,680 41,403 89,090 35,774 1,155,402 403,834 .30,117 3,808 163, 3,39 49,971) $35,007 i 685 89 6,818 424 1,789 615 85 62 380 1,890 961 12,2.37 3,486 1,441 22(1 2,, 571 1,336 $10,963 1,936 220 1,668 260 500 10 '.3,'i34' 680 205 200 240 $13,993 25 68 161 707 1,754 :,170 333 47 $64,313 3,835 280 4, ,592 780 933 100 40 3,923 781 27,752 4,169 3,423 125 3,040 640 $6,645,0 200,934 16,990 1,130,501 208,520 281,944 270,700 5,560 18,908 63, 166 247, 126 87,549 2,610,447 852,413 140,370 13,676 365,118 141,196 MFG — PT 1 — 07- -13 194 MANUFACTURES. Group 14.— DENTISTS' ITIATERIAIiS. Table 5. —SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY STATE OR TEERITORY. Number of estab- lish- ments. j CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 80 S4, 681, 266 .5210,900 S558, 865 $919,023 $2,992,478 66 1,417 Illinois , . , . . o 8 5 21 3 20 23 190, 300 117,783 1,843,791 15,506 \ 2,079,114 434, 772 500 600 74,100 4,909 479,770 2,692 264, 136 93,417 115,200 112,874 894,406 12, 814 1,576,579 280, 605 7 6 15 3 15 21 31 12 878 5 371 120 3 Massachusetts New York . 4 46,000 423,615 5 Ohio 6 126,000 38,400 112,400 22, 350 7 All other states i Grovip 8 DRirO GRUVDING. 1 United States . 27 $4,991,218^ $289,000 $1,083,979 $1,134,038 $2, 484, 201 27 3,277 Massachusetts ■?, 3 6 ■ 8 3 7 75, 445 3,489,777 246, 975 112,268 1,066,753 17,000 146,000 12,000 12,000 102,000 10,000 726,714 49,000 20,565 277, 700 9,300 838,237 80, 679 23,213 182, 609 39, 146 1,778,826 106,296 56,490 504, 444 3 6 8 3 7 144 1,165 447 215 1,306 3 4 New York 6 6 All other states 2 Groui> 8.— DRUGGISTS' PREPARATIONS. (See also Patent medicines and cojupoiinds; Perfumery and cosmetics.) United States California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Tennessee Washington Wisconsin All other states 3. . . $26, 152, 3 176,404 141,954 1,184,452 1,241,046 2,253,902 7, 650, 266 65, 227 968, 542 764, 659 3,813,791 1,199,538 4, 191, 337 53, 650 12,000 84, 450 544, 861 $1,326,519 4,000 4,000 32, 000 58, 203 39,750 16,000 294, 820 34,700 48, 584 2.37, 574 74, 000 426, 688 1,600 1,200 30,000 23, .500 $2, 315, 604 6,000 13, 000 41,237 88,124 125, 493 49, 500 845, 614 110, 345 129,600 .301,926 78, 000 465, 666 1,600 700 20,000 38, 900 $2, 932, 188 21,575 12,8.50 142, 169 130,616 228, 893 104, 684 1,003,400 12, 800 117, 944 ■ 178,802 381,907 97, 140 431,882 6,150 4,100 4,060 53, 326 1, 578, 052 144, 829 112,104 969,046 964,203 1,859,766 636, 200 5, 606, 432 62, 427 705, 553 407, 773 2,892,386 950,. 398 2, 867, 201 44, 200 6,000 30,400 429, 136 7,877 22 29 393 342 750 149 3,227 81 157 460 931 361 ■ 844 2 132 Group 2. DVEING AND FINISHING TEXTILES. (See also special report on Dyeing and flnlshlng textiles.) United States Connecticut Illinois Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Pennsylvania Rhode Island All other states ■' . . . 4 ' 67 55 4 123 37 16 .,708,676 4,562,055 246, 916 30,875,445 1,250,949 13,068,657 7,529,611 828, 766 9,922,738 16,969,936 3,4.53,503 $7,587,005 726, 169 9, 4.32 1,819,000 86, 666 948, 201 508,980 113,448 869,836 2,183,079 323, 194 900, 225 50, 410 3,711,238 295,000 2,683,367 1,363,803 156, 646 2,024,948 4, 680, 687 831,863 $24, 013, 987 1,879,830 127. 196 4, 301, 225 490,000 5, 489, 961 2,192,048 316,820 2,605,166 6,176,986 1,434,767 0, 409, . 1,056,831 69, 879 21,043,982 379, 283 3,947,128 3,464,780 241,8.53 4,422,798 4,929,286 863, 679 328 7 46 3 46 47 4 114 36 16 95,605 5,617 632 20, 304 3,745 14, 426 7,212 705 10,288 23,894 8,782 Group 8 DYBSTUFFS AND EXTRACTS. (See also Chemicals; and special report on CJiemlcals.) United States Maine Massachusetts New Jersey New York North Carolina Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Virginia West Virginia All other states s. . . $14,904,160 20,922 978, 121 1,599,846 3,547,048 1,308,317 3,031,823 182, 677 1,113,241 1,407,790 296, 668 1,418,697 81,364,545 500 189,300 179, 344 453,008 215,665 182, 250 1,100 47, 505 74,509 9,870 31,594 $1,853,818 4,000 140,200 183, 418 367, 837 202, 810 183, 918 19, 878 266, 602 282, 396 15,050 197,709 $3, 565, 327 1,600 108, 643 286, 801 778,576 385,021 374,268 43, 360 429,466 417,603 158,027 682,962 $8, 120, 460 14,822 659, 978 951,283 1,957,627 504, 921 2,291,387 118, 339 369, 668 633, 282 112,721 606, 432 18,310 1,205 1,023 2,431 2,160 2,731 294 2,541 4,400 436 1,090 , 2; District of Columbia, 1; Georgia, 2; Indiana, 2; Kentucky, 1; 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: CaUfornia, 2; Connecticut, 2; Delaware, Michigan, 2; Minnesota, 2; Missouri, 1; Nebraska, 1; New Jersey, 2; Tennessee, 1; Wisconsin, 2. ' Includes establishments distributed as follows: CaUfornia, 1; Illinois, 1; Maryland, 2; Ohio, 2; Wisconsin, 1. 3 Includes e-stabUshments distributed as follows: Colorado, 2; Georgia, 2; Iowa, 1; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 2; Maine, 2; Nebraska 2- New Hampshire r North Carolina, 1; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 2; Texas, 1; Virginia, 2; West Virginia, 2. i- . . GENERAL TABLES. 195 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued. Group 14 DENTISTS' mATEKIALS. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNEKS, oncponitions. .Salaries, S.55. 420 (ioncnil sill ii'i-iiitcndc its, managers, clerks, rtc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing tbe year. NuinbtT. ' Total. Men. Women. Number. : Sahiries. Number. Salaries. Number. 203 5 iSaliiTK^'i. Number. Salaries. 7J 290 i .S334.133 28 262 .5278. 713 .S249.871 69 828,842 2,113 1,720 1 5 19 2 21 25 13 1 11,500 [ 5 3,700 8 7,800 6,500 3 1,300 89 27 841 11 961 184 60 24 667 4 820 139 2 3 4 6 6 7 136 i77.,'<44 3 2. 440 102 107. .193 36 34. 756 9 . 29,200 127 3 99 25 148,644 2,440 102, .593 17,236 107 2 74 15 1,38,023 2,290 90,508 12,550 20 1 25 10 10,621 150 12,086 4,686 3 11 5,000 17, 520 Group 8.— DKUG GRINDING. 23 107 ,?154. 1'^3 29 S77,592 78 S77.091 66 S68, 667 13 .S8. 434 1,082 757 1 3S" 19 9 74.'5S2' 25. 496 6, SI 6 47. 789 14" 6 Hooo' 10,500 24' 13 9 32 29,682" 14,996 6,816 25, 597 23' 10 7 25 28,' 902" 12,600 5,400 21,755 i' 3 2 7 780' 2,396 1,416 3,842 36 725 88 40 193 34 495 66 31 131 2 3 4 1 ! " 9 22.192 Group 8 — OKUGGISTS' PKEPAKATIONS. (See also Patent medicines and compounds; Perlumery and cosmetics.) 155 2.739 S3. 174, 181 221 .8751.157 2,518 S2. 423, 024 1,725 $2,044,667 793 S378, 357 8,606 6,381 3 1? 5 o " 9 31 20 102 166 94 78 859 5 118 79 405 145 508 f, 4 18 101 39,560 46.797 123.045 214. 404 206, 341 92. 250 .S.57..3.59 6,300 162. 641 91,757 565.753 226, 414 417,343 6, 120 2,500 17,974 97, 623 6 8 17 12 10 16 .30 13,920 34, 600 47,840 40,756 132, 892 27,774 130, 576 25 12 86 154 84 62 829 5 98 72 368 136 485 6 1 16 81 25. 640 12. 197 75,205 173.648 73. 449 64. 476 726,783 6. 300 77,141 60,970 473, 437 198, 414 373,917 6, 120 600 12.974 61.753 21 8 47 130 57 46 494 5 79 < 54 • 246 109 347 5 1 15 61 23,540 10,672 49,716 163,833 59, 896 57,221 669,864 6,300 68, 586 55. 070 402,240 188,264 317,093 6,600 600 12,974 53. 19!) 4 4 38 24 27 16 336 ■ 2,100 1,625 26, 489 9,816 13, 554 7,255 156,919 116 69 370 361 682 364 2,697 41 341 343 1,100 308 1,549 23 18 ■14 210 96 41 298 227 570 272 ' 1,677 , 3 5 39 16 29 5 20 37 9 23 85, 600 30,787 92,316 28,000 43,426 19 18 122 27 138 1 8,556 5,900 71, 197 10,160 56,824 520 237 321 851 266 1,301 17 13 11 147 1 3 3 20 1,900 6,000 35,870 1 9 20 8, .554 Group 2.— DYEING AND FINISHING TEXTII.ES. (See also special report on Dyeing and flnistaiug textiles.) 310 2,196 83. 407, :»! 240 .?1, 031, 193 1,956 S2, 376, 188 1,736 $2, 273, 932 221 $102,256 39,964 30,796 1 2 88 161,812 20 62,611 68 99,201 59 95, 136 9 4,065 1,673 1,2.59 ?. 2 28 31,605 7 12,000 21 19,605 14 15,266 7 4,340 156 98 3 24 403 769,283 43 236,787 360 523, 496 328 609,094 32 14, 402 8,347 6, 335 4 1 i 48 53,601 1 6. 666 47 46,936 30 41.649 17 5,386 992 780 5 31 j 552 .846.532 70 312.116 482 534, 417 441 616,421 41 18,996 8,866 6,221 6 60 204 2.57.846 13 .32,420 191 225, 426 175 217,782 16 7,644 4,002 3,223 7 2 27 28, 1.50 6 9.575 21 18,675 18 16,710 3 1,865 314 248 8 161 324 445.062 27 106,060 297 339,002 264 32u, 208 33 15,794 6,291 3,794 9 19 403 672.315 36 173, 183 367 499, 132 323 477,009 44 22, 123 8,304 6.926 10 8 119 151.185 17 80,786 102 70,399 83 62,758 19 7,641 2,119 1,912 11 Group 8.— DYESTUFFS AND EXTKAOTS. (See also Cliemlcals; and special report on Chemicals.) 82 361 $608,790 63 am, 881 298 $416,903 274 .1404.641 24 $12,262 3.613 2,178 1 5 17 9 4 3 16 6 8 6 5 4 1 24 95 93 17 26 12 19 27 9 38 300 29.052 192,0.30 147,688 31,833 ; 40.826 21,183 21,360 45,065 8,266 71,197 1 21 86 81 10 23 9 16 18 4 30 300 21,052 152,880 103, 151 9,084 30,826 19, 183 13,260 24. 206 2,114 40,847 1 3 8 6 300 1,292 5,200 2,086 16 286 280 603 569 254 78 334 601 98 494 7 130 212 376 329 161 54 243 302 47 327 3 9 12 3 3 4 9 6 8 8,000 39, 150 44, 637 22,749 10,000 2,000 8,100 20,:49 6, 152 .30,360 18 78 76 10 21 8 14 17 4 28 19,760 147, 680 101,065 9,084 30.410 18, 455 12,900 23, 706 2,114 39. 467 3 4 5 2 1 1 1 416 728 360 500 7 8 9 10 2 1,380 12 ^ Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 1; California, 1; Delaware, 1; Indiana, 2; Iowa, 1; Kentucky, 2; Maine, 1; Maryland, 2; Ohio, 1; South Carolina, 2; Virginia, 1; West Virginia, 1. 5 Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 2; Connecticut, 2; Florida, 2; Illinois, 2; Kentucky,!; Michigan,!; South Carolina, I ; Wisconsin, 1. 196 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14 DENTISTS' MATEKlALiS— Continued. STATE OE TEEEITOEY. WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. 4 Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States Illinois 1,922 8949,204 1,222 $756,909 607 8174,028 93 518,267 3321,387 375,936 $9,831 ' -> 78 26 767 6 887 168 36,945 15, 327 449,862 2,646 367,801 77, 724 44 17 650 2 422 87 27,502 11,896 413,292 1,472 243,976 68, 771 25 113 4 395 61 6,987 3,431 36,970 1,073 110,208 16, 359 9 1,456 22.068 3.356 312 3 6.540 1,496 67 4 4 600 116,452 32,946 ; 3,845 10,034 ■ 352 , 19 100,402 ' 30,276 4,123 66.891 ' 7,611 i 1,465 5 Ohio.. fi 70 10 13, 617 2,594 1 7 All other states 1 1 Group 8 DRUG GRINDllVG— Continued. 1 United States 981 1483,097 802 1 3443, 552 178 339,315 1 3230 3318,075 326,283 317, 426 2 35 663 79 35 169 19,060 328, 842 43, 426 19,039 72,730 25 566 69 ! 33 119 15, 560 307, 626 40,460 18, 492 61,424 10 107 10 2 49 3,600 21,216 2,976 647 11,076 24, 810 161, 197 31,840 400 3,220 13,650 4,090 4,923 707 10,148 758 493 5,320 3 1 4 New York >; Pennsylvania 6 1 230 Group S OKUGGISTS' PREPARATIONS— Continued. 1 United States Calilornia Connecticut Illinois Indiana Maryland 7,410 32,792,914 3,162 31,673,284 4,145 81.101,991 113 317,639 35,891,647 || 3215, 183 3136,882 2 106 65 326 304 625 309 2,168 38 271 256 984 292 1,448 21 14 12 181 67, 466 18, 199 167, 037 106, 726 190, 219 124,291 829,221 13,669 99, 289 84,428 446, 143 116,374 461,067 6,594 6,019 4,385 63, 797 60 30 1 179 126 229 135 969 24 79 86 465 145 530 12 8 11 84 40,662 10,960 112,480 68, 170 97,692 83,107 607, 100 8,907 46,657 45, 181 287, 157 78,921 241,244 4,212 4,569 4,208' 42,177 45 25 141 178 396 174 1,182 14 182 169 608 137 887 9 4 14, 494 7,249 63,367 47, 656 92,627 41,184 319,602 4,762 51,045 38,947 156, 671 34,928 214,907 2,382 1,060 11 2,310 47,698 83,991 \i 378, .551 241,933 918,890 ; 166,608 ! 833,737 5,888 245.430 199,342 1,433,991 236,SO,S 968,7,94 1; 7,987 !■ 2,900 17,181 111.868 11,660 900 20,942 3,165 23, 200 20,621 10,692 1,767 14,900 960 .67, 729 12, 706 23, 137 1,180 850 1,360 9,425 1,360 383 3,881 6,905 32, 484 2,953 51, 268 361 4,786 4,586 7,460 5,946 10,686 30 . 150 286 3,467 4 6 1,266 ' f, 7 1 8 27 2,519 q Minnesota Missouri New Jersey 10 11 10 1 11 10 31 1,687 300 2,316 1,.525 4,916 1'' 13 14 Ohio 15 Tennessee 16 2 i 3 400 177 390 17 IS 94 21,230 Group 3.— DYEING AND FINISHING TEXTIL.ES— Continued. United States Cormecticut Illinois Massachusetts New Hampshire. . . New Jersey New York North Carolina Pennsylvania ." Rhode Island All other states 35, 565 1,406 123 7,508 859 7,597 3, .586 301 4,585 7,662 2,038 316, 469, 205 639, 697 44, 576 3, 262, 417 352, 473 3, 465, 830 1,577,976 83,034 2,075,904 3,181,597 785,802 28,483 I 313,543,724 5.668 31,640,093 1,127 81 6,835 672 6,664 2,724 236 3,728 5,742 1,674 566.962 32, 503 2, 753, 681 302,507 3, 230, 146 1,348,996 69, 344 1,870,338 2,649,512 710,837 241 42 1,390 137 814 803 64 456 1,465 246 65,909 12, 072 440, 568 39,966 212, 563 219, 593 13, 509 122, 497 451, 605 61,811 1,424 3285,388 38 6,726 283 60 119 59 1 401 355 118 68. 208 10,00D 23, 122 9, 388 181 74, 009 80, 480 13, 154 35,978,277 166, 381 21, 893 1,637.429 86, 766 1,213,308 378, 390 28, 346 757 494 1.213, '.179 474, 302 3410,613 100 7,690 18,819 600 195, 802 52, 949 750 69,603 73,900 300 3402,390 28.401 369 148,302 ■14,550 39,230 44,316 2,677 32, 702 69, 442 22, 402 Group 8 — DYESTIIFFS AND EXTRACTS— Continued. 1 2 United States Maine 2,707 31,264,492 2,678 .31,256.946 25 36, 966 4 3580 8944, 360 9 160 260 619 436 203 70 259 424 82 306 3, 615 84,311 138,332 316, 678 132, 863 106,264 41,167 102, 662 136,535 28, 294 174,791 6 149 235 613 436 201 70 269 423 82 305 3,021 84, 103 133,832 315, 170 132,8.53 106,004 41, l(i7 102, 1,52 136, 423 28,294 174,427 3 694 4 New Jersey 15 4,500 6 1,508 167 443 6 233,786 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 iiJi : 1 112 33.S4;3 80,602 All other states 1 I 364 GENERAL TABLES. 197 STATES AXD TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 14.— DENTISTS' MATERIALS— Continued, MISCELL.\NEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent of offices, interest. I'tc. $227,996 Contraft work. S7,025 18,401 4,977 71,S".l i;.sio 9,063 600 6.5.788 215 57,91,") Aggregate, I?,-., 509, 471 24,285 171,108 2,721,132 ti..'.2S 1,409,900 1,176, ,518 COST 2,000 3 17,4,32 ..! 232,160 4 13 0.56 60,733 5 7" 346 i 768,. 554 9,129 6 Group 8 DRUGGISTS' PREPARATIONS— Continued. $864,046 9,110 67,323 154, 377 217,874 79,029 61,921 41,107 76,417 63,554 31,972 71,362 .?5.321 $13,419,635 $13,045,124 $1,453,129 $11,591,995 $133,226 $23,970 $44,462 $172,864 $31,782,250 1 145,864 88,240 609,728 880,789 1,275,382 426,792 3,343,163 47,614 854,557 321,504 1,974,140 444,669 2,661,210 62,591 23,805 40,744 319,943 142,289 85,274 591,578 865,763 1,246,726 411,858 3,183,488 46,550 807,559 317,078 1,939,628 436,322 2,633,439 62,350 23,486 40,004 312,743 20 25,000 197,859 6,254 106,184 12,763 675,770 22,500 8,996 37,770 54,328 110,100 74,. 300 1,450 2,600 11,000 107,336 142,269 60,274 393,719 860,499 1,140,542 399,096 2,-507,718 24,050 798,564 279,308 1,886,300 325,222 2,469,139 60,900 20,985 29,004 205,407 1,012 2,860 11,766 5,044 16,324 5,746 44,725 664 2,981 3,476 17,773 5,720 11,704 20 120 440 2,870 438 1 125 1 100 2,000 16 935 8,767 11,837 6,399 76,896 100 39,122 260 7,306 1,542 14,269 125 300,828 268,691 1,529,965 1,747,268 3,265,220 917,809 8,797,911 102,425 1,564,406 767,890 5,297,666 1,210,063 6,037,619 107,500 57,800 00,789 728,410 2 3 4,261 1,198 930 , 305 ! 495 4 5 6 1,378 411 1,718 1 36,336 300 ' 7 8 9 4,280 j 615 206 484 6,817 2,616 1,527 458 749 ; 1,049 96 ' 10 11 12 13 14 16 200 ' 16 300 2,990 17 1,070 ! 270 18 Grouii 2.— DYEING AND FINISHING TEXT11.ES— Continued. $6,072,489 S92,.S85 $19,621,253 137,880 .. 927,096 10,570 1,443,386 •71,606 '.. 969,746 256,223 24,919 3,264 26,922 ; .S,".5.30" 25,903 30,000 4,179,076 512,644 5,052,184 1,-339,430 85,648 662,201 1,066,4.59 431,. 500 2,98'i " 5,178 20,100 1 2,701,027 3,639,268 1,156,080 $16,088,428 712,750 18,556 2,996,871 379,986 4,122,256 990,468 49,201 2,163,232 2,701,886 953,222 $16,088,428 712,750 18, 566 2,996,871 379,986 4,122,256 990, 468 49,201 2,163,232 2,701,886 953,222 $3,268,511 162,530 6,380 747,046 114,452 .592,287 287,640 20,524 424,961 768,330 164,361 $72,339 10,552 640 500 6,555 7,873 15,710 11,802 5,350 13,357 $662,475 8,875 2,401 302,317 11,351 84,983 19,964 13,965 72,227 128, 127 18,265 $529,500 42,389 2,023 132,342 280 244,785 25,648 1,868 28,805 45,576 5,876 Group 8.— DYESTUFFS AND EXTRACTS— Continued. $2,675 $6,829,340 1,200 7,219 616,681 1,499,867 1,651,653 418,243 . 629,499 327,218 362,252 392,755 119,280 804,773 $6,317,648 7,011 686,662 1,453,426 1,527,261 341,980 .591,541 301,987 305,938 353, 429 102,068 746,355 $3,391,262 $2,926,386 199,291 157,066 791,121 288,605 637,489 81,484 280, 416 317,416 91,892 646, 483 7,011 387,371 ,296,360 736,140 53,376 54,052 220,503 25,523 36,013 10,166 99,872 $386,249 $53,799 $70,668 208 20,393 30,181 80,545 71,603 33,244 14,129 43,016 36,307 16,318 40,305 100 I 876 1,781 4,499 27,475 4,660 4,714 459 2,833 3,019 904 3,455 7,646 10,885 16,372 10,643 10,465 14,668 $60,849,545 2,215,314 161,399 11,048,512 1,108,886 11,979,947 4,361,688 250,805 6,786,263 9,981,457 2,956,274 $10,893,113 30,051 999,262 2,176,253 2,705,580 636,628 966,364 513,006 720,256 736,622 249,465 1,159,627 198 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14.— EI.BCTRICAL, MACHIIVEKY, APPARATUS, AND stfpPLclES. (See also special report on Electrical macbinery, apparatus, and supplies.) STATE OR TERRITORY. United states California Colorado Connecticut Illinois Indiana Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Texas Wisconsin All other states i . . . Number of estab- lish- ments. 24 7 32 104 34 3 6 72 14 15 20 6 42 175 92 80 11 3 23 22 $174,066,026 716, 440 141,800 4, 183, 635 21, 644, 783 3, 174, 506 203, 701 191,315 12,735,427 413,732 389,211 1,644,031 162, 486 18, 467, 821 30, 643, 167 10, 408, 184 58,393,011 3, 608, 034 7,800 6,329,351 617, 692 Land. 8, 157, 833 10, 253 6,600 138,316 1, 808, 263 118, 774 6,754 12, 500 345,900 1,300 14,000 64,360 6,038 698, 651 1, 699, 654 236, 569 2, 674, 606 68,832 225, 800 23, 874 Buildings. $19, 902, 359 Machinery, tools, and Implements. $28, 787, 956 Cash and sun- dries. $117,217,878 23,787 7,000 596,067 2,768,715 386, 453 25, 443 43, 000 1, 874, 094 6,600 29,000 97,523 3,082 2, 468, 166 4, 626, 852 1, 291, 827 4, 419, 640 621, 188 553, 273 81, 749 111, 170 66, 300 568, 868 5, 254, 379 858, 380 37, 906 52, 669 2, 603, 567 81,847 126, 668 437, 671 50, 015 3,489,171 4,702,014 2, 893, 023 6,455,046 779, 461 3,000 1, 052, 866 166, 966 671, 230 64,000 2, 880, 285 11,823,426 1, 810, 898 134, 698 83, 146 7,911,876 324, 0S5 220, 553 1, 044, 487 103, 351 11, 811, 933 19, 616, 647 6, 987, 765 46, 843, 720 2, 138, 653 4,800 4, 497, 422 346, 103 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 22 7 31 91 33 1 6 69 13 11 18 6 42 150 86 70 10 3 22 20 Total horse- power. 145,816 278 70 2,748 10, 646 4,879 280 329 15, 795 401 140 826 172 8,008 40,811 9,405 43,828 3,317 15 3,372 Group 10.— El,ECTROPIiAXING. 1 United States 312 $1,286,996 $41, 160 $67,329 $629,237 $659, 280 280 2,636 California ■>, 8 7 3 26 7 7 45 8 4 10 10 106 16 22 9 3 9 12 29, 750 14,049 7,600 157, 828 12,585 20,887 228,334 20,278 12,050 39,126 49,958 412,606 65, 171 112,922 24, 888 3,075 35, 615 40,375 1,000 2,000 14,200 9,974 6,000 76, 622 7,860 10,000 98,317 10,600 5,350 15, 925 24, 236 216,031 28,390 41, 747 10,100 1,575 23, 110 30,300 12,550 4,075 1,600 58,406 3,225 6,887 120,717 7,978 6,700 23,200 21, 222 192, 576 20, 781 45,976 13, 508 1,500 9,405 10, 076 8 7 3 23 7 7 42 8 4 8 9 91 12 20 8 3 8 12 82 76 23 281 88 77 263 161 41 89 45 702 186 197 73 8 92 161 3 4 5 7,750 200 16, 160 1,300 5,000 5,600 1,400 6 7 8 Massachusetts 3,700 300 9 10 Minnesota 11 I' New Jersey 1,500 1,000 12,000 13,000 3,000 3,000 4,000 12, 199 1,280 13 14 Ohio. ' . . . 15 16 17 Washington . -. . . 18 Wisconsin 700 2,400 19 All other states 2 ' Group 9 — EOTEKY WHEEI/S. 1 United States 2 Massachusetts 3 [ Michigan 4 I New Jersey 6 ] New York 6 Pennsylvania 7 All other states ^. . . 34 $2,2 ;,744 1, 164, 846 111, 026 51, 461 122, 968 387, 126 411,328 $138, 490 60, 100 16, 790 1,000 5,000 44, 500 12, 100 $328,1 156,043 10,300 4,000 23, 629 65, 925 68, 189 $410, 767 162, 786 22, 621 " 12,990 25, 712 118, 986 67, 673 $1,371,401 785, 918 62, 315 33, 471 68, 617 167,714 263, 366 33 2,098 10 786 * 146 3 190 3 148 4 490 9 338 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Delaware, 1; District of Columbia, 2; Georgia, 2; Iowa, 2; Louisiana, 2; Maine 2- Nebraska 2- Oregon 2- South Carolina, 1; Tennessee, 2; Virginia, 2; Washington, 1; West Virginia, 1. > > - ; , & , , 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 1; Delaware, 1; Georgia, 1; Iowa, 1; Nebraska, 1; New Hampshire 1- Oklahoma 1- Tennessee 1- Texas, 2; Virginia, 2. . . . , . GENERAL TABLES. 199 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5 ijiitimiod. Group H.-EI.ECTKU Al, MACHINEKY, APPAKATIIS, A1VI» SUPPLIES. (Sec also special report on Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. ) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. 400 HAL.VRIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNEKS. Aggregate. Olliccrs nf corporations. 10,619 Sll,090,885 Number. 793 112 14 225 l,l«l :«4 23 871 60 32 1S3 14 1,012 1,668 1,023 2,746 119 396 112,836 18,4.50 27S,0U 1,406,868 ;iS2,421 8,348 26,248 962,650 5S,.JSS 35,960 193,244 12,359 1,002,693 1,730,441 1,079,006 3,089,53.5 153,096 450,644 89, 487 17 5 37 109 40 6 7 67 14 18 4 49 143 100 79 16 Cicnornl supi'i-intnidents, managers, cli^rks, etc ' 'T -- . - - Total. |l Men. Salaries. , Number. ,104,554 27,037 6,900 117,182 280,117 92,216 4,200 15,280 187,270 23,515 27,000 60,740 2,900 214,629 315,731 253,222 297,304 52,071 9,826 Salaries. 58,986,331 Number. Salaru'.^ 88,058,540 97,040 30,200 188 1,.522 344 4 16 804 46 14 1.57 10 963 1,525 923 2,667 103 85,799 I 11,550 160,829 ; 1,126,751 I 290,205 I 4,148 10,968 775,380 ' 35,073 8,960 132,. 504 9,459 788,064 1,414,710 825,784 2,792,231 101,025 353,604 69,287 143 1,189 263 13 633 29 7 1,327 655 2,408 77 306 56 81,989 11,300 141,322 936,459 245,404 3,784 9,816 688,024 27,278 5,340 113,639 8,845 698,363 1,303,569 690,651 2,625,575 87,037 Women. Numljer. 329, 183 50,962 8 1 45 333 81 1 3 171 17 7 37 2 155 198 259 26 $927,791 3,810 250 19,. 507 190,292 44,801 364 1,152 87,356 7,795 3,620 18,865 614 89,701 111,141 135,133 166,650 13,988 24,421 8,325 Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 78,360 540 123 1,991 7,380 1,822 111 180 10,540 077 202 968 128 7,586 25,246 6,375 10,832 1,631 23 1,463 542 Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 51,890 1 310 71 1,408 5,419 1,198 51 7 139 1 8 7,277 . 9 418 ! 10 140 j 11 643 12 54 I 13 6,339 14,514 3,985 8,437 1,201 11 982 287 Group 10 EK.ECTROF1.ATI1VG. 371 144 $132,192 27 $44,482 117 $87,710 81 $72,386 36 $15,324 2,453 1,507 1 10 4 2 2 23 2 1 8 19 4 6 46 13 7 4,200 986 1,700 20,129 1,600 350 6,566 7,080 4,680 3,875 2,702 63,238 14,666 3,818 3,930 1 1,200 3 2 2 19 2 1 7 10 7 3 6 34 9 5 6 3,000 986 1,700 14,793 1,600 3.50 3,486 7,080 4,680 2,975 2,702 27,698 7,406 3,180 3,930 3 1 2 11 2 3,000 750 1,700 10,775 1,600 56 53 24 343 24 44 341 90 28 94 68 883 1,30 135 53 8 37 42 41 31 11 209 10 33 192 61 21 60 39 543 79 94 44 6 19 24 ■> 6 1 236 3 6 4 29 7 4 5,336 8 4,018 5 6 11 53 8 7 12 10 1.32 15 31 10 3 7 12 1 5 1 1 1 1 12 3 1 1 350 1,862 312 225 275 312 4,892 1,750 750 342 7 1 1 2,080 2 9 6 2 6 22 6 4 4 1,624 6,768 4, 455 2,700 2,390 22,706 5,716 2,430 3,588 8 q 10 1 1 900 11 1? 12 4 2 25,640 7,200 638 13 14 15 16 17 2 1,488 2,184 2 1,488 18 2 2,184 2 2,184 19 Group 9.— EOTEKY WHEEIiS. 11 188 $217,117 31 $73,540 157 $143,. 577 115 $123,577 42 $20,000 922 703 1 2 3 1 1 2 2 85 12 6 15 24 46 99,278 15,896 8,120 12,724 24,796 56,303 8 4 4 2 6 8 29,320 6,980 7,100 3,000 8,600 18,540 77 8 2 13 19 38 69,958 8,916 1,020 9,724 16,196 37,763 54 6 59,642 8,000 23 2 2 10,316 916 1,020 476 61 16 44 100 226 352 60 13 16 76 I81; 2 3 4 is 14 ' 28. 9,724 12,968 33,243 5 5 10 3,228 4,. 520 6 7 > Includes establishments distributed as follows: Connecticut, 2; Illinois, 2; New Hampshire, 1; Ohio, 2; Ehode Island, 1; Washington, 1. 200 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, B\ Group H niiECTKICAl, MACHINEKV, APPAKATUS, AND SUPPI.IES— Continued. WAGE-EARNEES AND WAGES. Total. STATE OR TERRITORY. Average number. United States. California... Colorado Connecticut - Illinois Indiana- . ... 60, 466 403 89 1,707 6,131 1,416 Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts . Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire. New Jersey New York Pennsylvania.. . Rhode Island . . . Texas Wisconsin All other states. Wages. 531,841,621 244,123 54, 674 724, 426 3, 203, 435 663, 834 73 34,518 161 65,813 8,798 6,003.190 529 176,817 170 103,016 795 411,804 83 32,224 6,268 2,894,139 16,301 9,286,912 5,114 2, 268, 497 9,404 1,409 13 1,204 5,299,668 j 557,065 4,450 672,812 140,206 Men 16 years and over. Average number. 48,976 364 48 1,197 4,941 1,232 60 139 7,107 372 168 546 44 3,833 14, 405 3,747 8.252 1.002 13 1,140 366 \^'ages. S28, 316, 772 232, 164 37, 074 693, 872 2,780,370 615,925 31,273 62, 198 4,437,918 148,852 102,040 327, 999 22, 235 2, 203; 102 8, 700, 862 1,874,381 4,909,121 442, 441 i i, 450 655, 891 134, 604 Women 16 years and over. Average number. 10, 902 32 41 403 1,186 184 13 14 1,499 143 239 39 2,353 1,854 1,352 1,069 .398 Wages. $3,410,1 10, 483 17, 600 112,210 422, 187 47,909 3,246 2,600 621, 186 25, 366 975 81,565 9,989 676, 246 578. 405 391,776 376. 709 112,524 15,844 4,363 Children under 16 years. Average number. 588 Wages. $114,6 7 1,476 107 4 18,344 878 8 192 14 1,015 44, 087 10 2,240 14,791 7,645 2,340 14,838 2,100 1,077 1,238 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. 817,948,708 74, 623 10, 900 431,226 1,969,790 469, 061 14, 033 20, 679 1,448,091 97, 031 30, 146 227, 048 14, 496 1, 581, 625 3,263,960 1,685,614 5, 580, 353 201,343 1,710 758, 306 78,983 Rent of works. S789, 349 18, 034 2,940 20, 560 181,608 7,888 1,685 65, 160 10,310 6,164 23,401 2,080 30, 736 166,311 126, 178 89, 106 22,344 1,400 9,801 5,743 Taxes, not including internal revenue. $645, 488 2,280 966 10, 142 99, 895 13,095 323 737 67, 135 2,201 1,160 7,154 348 38,491 149,240 73, 194 66, 194 10,366 30 10,811 1,738 Group 1 0.—EI.ECXKOPIiATIlNG— Continued. United States . California Connecticut District of Columbia. Illinois Indiana Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota Missouri 12 New .lersey. 13 Ncvv York.. Ohio. Pennsylvania. Rhode Island- . . Washington Wisconsin All other states. 1,943 I $1,092,835 47 42 16 272 16 37 2.59 71 24 73 45 717 99 111 35, 062 21,417 6,460 156, 156 9,470 19, 326 149, 510 30, 965 16,662 46,714 22, 638 409, 186 66,117 58,333 20,943 5,540 13, 684 16, 762 46 39 12 263 16 37 221 69 21 67 42 667 96 104 40 7 27 32 $1,054,179 34,792 20, 217 5,260 152, 550 9,470 19, 326 137, 392 30,500 14, 737 45, 261 21,859 396, 609 66, 379 67, 094 18,847 6,640 13,684 16, 762 1,200 '2;346' 426 360 11,784 408 1,377 1,200 260 2,213 165 400 1,103 1,893 330 670 $284, 606 6,341 4,340 2,965 I 44,082 2,240 ' 4,002 42,039 6,227 2,861 16,198 5,266 107,381 13, 773 11,462 4,236 I 1,060 1 3,454 6,701 I $143, 237 $4, 236 4,140 2,732 1,688 16,916 1, 137 1,790 18, 513 1,530 1,500 7,736 2,196 61,435 6. .540 7,231 3,268 600 1,776 4,510 122 36 126 434 153 92 1,379 124 54 340 82 286 609 156 95 60 81 109 Group 9 EfllERY WHEEliS— Continued. 1 United .=!tatps Massachusetts Michigan 801 S451.016 789 ?447. 405 11 .?3.379 1 S232 2 3 408 61 14 28 85 205 240, .553 38,400 9,640 8,414 48,891 105,118 397 60 14 28 86 206 237,260 38,082 9,640 8,414 48, 891 105,118 10 1 3,061 318 1 232 4 5 New York . 6 Pennsylvania AH otlier states 7 $387,483 237, 385 9,068 6,423 11,152 39, 754 83,711 ?9, 609 3,986 540 764 40 996 3,284 10,094 1,847 88 2,629 539 2,002 GENERAL TABLES. STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. <>roup 14.-EI.ECTK1CAI. MACHINERV, APPARATUS, AND SUPPLIES-Continued 201 MISCELLANEOUS E.X- TENSES— cont'd. Rent of offices, interest, utc. $16,347,461 49,859 6,795 400, 524 1,549,153 435, 458 10. 710 IS, 157 1,289,816 S4. ,120 23. S22 196, 493 12,008 1,510,448 2,924,023 1,426,642 6,431,612 168,644 280 737, 435 71,002 Contract work. S26U, 410 Aggregate. 866,836,926 4,350 200 139,134 2,020 3,000 200 25,980 434,241 65, 4S0 2,7.54,122 7,649,446 1,066,634 84, 406 92,600 7,324,167 294. 374 1S6, 561 1,850 25,376 .59.500 259 500 (;06. .424 .,3SS 6,872,638 17, 846, 213 4,699,140 11,365,212 4,017,178 11,635 1,020,359 357,708 COST OF MATERIALS USED. Principal nuitcriuls. Total. 863,607,634 413.144 61.946 2,672,758 7,352,387 997, 52,s SI , 865 89,658 6, 848, 4',IS 276, 152 177,915 572, 400 83, 842 6, 543, 636 16,931,652 4,405,016 10,870,867 3,937,906 11,420 935,088 344,968 Purchased in raw state. 31,665,695 2,245 Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). 861,941,839 3,800 633, 811, ,347 38 410,899 61,945 2,627,442 7,352,367 981,113 81,85,') S9.li5s 6,li(12,971 275,1.52 177,91.5 ,568, 600 83,842 6,010,067 16,120,134 4,405,016 10,863,520 3,937,867 11,420 935, 088 344,968 Fuel. .51,603,111 3,048 905 31,414 152,922 49, 683 74s 7N5 268,,8S2 3, 838 3,970 10, 048 722 137,029 424, 620 178,264 167, 150 13,039 .52,847 3, 407 Rent of power and heat. $479,091 7,410 2,440 12,060 61,038 9,310 720 1,617 7, 674 4,487 2,230 13, 721 1,072 19,096 206, 401 27,098 20, 368 8,072 190 8,655 6, 832 Mill sup- plies. 8623,394 1,807 180 16,009 38, 228 8,439 183 490 62,300 1,170 546 4,943 983 106, 636 97,982 67, 752 197,947 8,267 25 18,611 997 Freight. $023, 796 8,832 10 21,881 44,871 { 1,774 900 50 76, 813 9,727 1,900 I 5,312 1,169 66,442 186, 658 31,020 108, 880 49,895 5,168 2,504 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. $140,809,369 1,004,284 178, 759 4,939,831 16,700,027 2, 857, 174 169, 788 224, 859 15,882,210 702, 102 423,933 1,740,583 149,871 13,803,476 35,348,276 11,019,235 26.257,669 5, 435, 474 23,055 3, 194, 132 754, 725 Group lO — El,ECTROPL,.\TlNll— Continued. S128,950 2 079 1,573 1,142 21,732 920 2, 120 I 22, 147 4,573 I 1,297 I 8,122 J 2,987 43,507 7,724 4,076 872 400 1,598 2,082 .?8. 183 6.000 30 2,163 8747,331 20, 500 6,216 4,299 124. 126 2,247 98, 472 9,426 4,764 19,719 9,091 363,593 18,653 23,702 i I 16,692 1,645 1 5,776 9,322 $661,256 17,282 I 4,060 3,636 113,519 l,lV5 7,297 88,674 6,279 2,936 16,069 7,204 333,137 14,531 18,921 15, 400 1,320 3,357 6,400 $480 120 360 $660, 776 17,282 4,060 3,635 113,519 1,175 7,297 88,674 6, 159 2.936 16,069 6,904 333, 137 14,531 18,921 15,400 1,320 3,357 li, 400 $26, 460 360 726 414 3,937 617 996 2,356 2,249 149 870 284 6,171 1,472 1,866 269 35 2,484 1,326 146 5,068 511 696 7,052 694 1,556 2,544 1,490 15,412 2,306 2,559 902 285 455 1,746 172 106 16 927 44 270 204 13 96 53 2,584 130 316 101 5 110 141 $8,011 202 90 676 20 120 100 141 214 40 20 $2,965,014 97,340 45,233 22,2£0 425,068 23,741 43, 610 434,806 68,700 32,712 103,624 52, 737 1,184,811 136, 636 127,606 67, 480 9,600 34,736 54,296 $363,772 $6, 903 216,403 I 6,903 6,671 ! 5,571 ' 8,483 ■ 38,219 •78, 425 Group 9.— EJMEKV WHEEIiS— Continued. 1 $706,220 $640, 371 $25,756 .SCil4,616 310,756 33,743 10,768 20,176 107,205 222,372 273,680 29, 335 8,901 18,871 102,913 206,671 11,569 95" 5,867 8,224 262,111 29,335 8,806 13,004 94, 689 206,671 $50,301 j $1,783 .?7,644 $5, 121 $2,062,120 1 33,238 523 265 3,050 1,001,229 2 3,375 360 293 380 139, 439 3 1,692 .. 41 134 38, 203 4 ■1,165 .- 110 30 74, 147 5 3,215 248 602 227 275,540 6 7. 616 (■|.52 6,333 1,300 633,562 V 202 MANUFACTURES. Table 5. -SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14 l:NAinX:L,IlVU AND ENAMELiED GOODS. STATE OR TERRITORY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 92 817,975,456 $1,211,322 83,398,463 SS. 709. 134 57,656,537 66 9,441 1 3 4 9 6 2,284,050 1,639,498 95,696 32,610 3,810,345 1,523,9.52 1, 182. 505 192, 635 3,023,740 4,190,546 30,000 156,545 5,900 2,650 273,071 126,411 124,800 10,000 282, 446 199,500 175,000; 1,628,100 216,685 389,214 15,260 i 26,200 6,600 20.760 450,930 877,064 48, 246 2,700 1,854,265 572,215 396, 162 130, 259 1,445,307 1,879,400 2 3 8 2 10 11 7 10 3 10 601 933 107 16 1,012 1,015 896 106 1,619 3,136 3 4 Maryland Massachusetts 6 7 8 q X e w York - Ohio Pennsylvania 22 13 9 11 % 3 12 780,296 439, 347 265, 644 29, 670 600,103 869,968 902,713 385,979 396,899 22,706 695,885 1,241,678 10 11 Wisconsin Group 14.— ENGRAVEKS' ITfATERIALS. 1 10 S98,374 55,260 87,200 813,073 872,851 9 135 •> 6 4 74, 141 24, 233 5,260 7,200 7,700 5,373 53,991 18,860 6 4 109 26 3 All other states 2 ... Group 6.— ENGRAVING AND DIESINKING. 1 United States 305 .51,210,673 ; 822,025 848, 150 $615,091 8526, 407 147 1,032 *? 7 4 36 4 3 26 7 4 8 20 122 14 20 23 7 4,725 7,187 138, 676 7,060 11,644 78,383 44,211 22,775 61,612 135, 370 417,618 68,340 115,168 80,264 17,850 2,181 4,700 69,432 2,535 6,819 29, 1.55 20,821 11, 260 31,176 65,946 223, 950 34, 300 56,324 46,804 9,.700 2,644 2,487 61, 244 2,200 4,725 38,628 23, 390 11,626 30,337 46,026 189, 218 25,540 46,844 32, 650 8,150 3 1 19 3 3 13 5 3 6 13 40 8 14 16 4 2 88 16 14 55 27 24 68 135 338 78 86 61 40 4 4,666 1,325 4,000 1,000 5 A 7 4,500. 6,200 8 10 11 5,766 1,700 1,500 3,000 300 17,700 2,750 7,000 9,000 500 1? 13 Ohio 14 15 16 Group 6.- -ENGRAVING, STEEL,, INCL.UDING PLATE PRINTING. (See also I.tthog:raptaing and engraving; Fliotolitlio- grapliing' and photoengraving.) 1 United States. California Connecticut 4 District of Columbia. 5 Illinois 6 Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts, Missouri New .Jersey . New York... Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania. .. Texas Wisconsin All other states * 35,402,716 38, 134 7,. 545 .50, 400 680,568 12, 105 24, 407 114,364 59, 588 66,749 3, 402, 785 8,660 22, 650 728, 219 6,000 26,865 154, 677 8761,700 500 1,000 1,.500 630, 100 109, 600 8814, 440 1,000 253,000 2,400 395, 220 143, 320 19,600 81,716,817 23,8.54 4,210 14,900 144, 284 4, 677 8,075 36, 636 22,488 41,517 1,099,051 5,800 15,000 196,862 2,650 16,272 79, 541 .82,110,759 14, 280 3,335 34,000 282,284 7,428 16, 332 77,728 37, 100 21,332 1,278,414 2,860 7,650 278, 437 2,350 10,593 36, 636 82 3 4 6 184 2 2 31 62 66 832 12 13 341 3 16 50 Group 6 — ENGRAVING, VI'OOD. 1 United States 114 SLS4.Sfl7 1 852,104 8132,793 12 46 ConnrctiL-ut ? 7 18 9 13 46 4 10 7 9,216 39.0.33 49,906 11,990 63,292 1,8.55 16,011 3, 595 3,400 6, 650 15,274 5,180 14,835 766 4,935 1,075 5,816 32,383 34,(>.31 6,810 38,457 1,100 11,076 2,520 3 1 7 2 1 1 13 17 5 6 4 Mas.s.irhn^ptts 6 Missouri New York i 6 7 Ohio 8 1 4 9 ,V11 other stiitess 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 2; Connecticut, 2; Indiana,!; Kentucky,!; Louisiana,!; Minnesota,!; Missouri, 2; Tennessee !■ West Virginia, 1. > j » 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: lUinois, 1; Massachuspii.s, i ; Michigan,!; New Jersey, !. 8 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado,!; District nf ((ilumbia. 2: Inwa. 1; Kentucky, 1; Tennessee,!; Wisconsin,!. GENERAL TABLES. 203 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 14 ENAniELINC: AND ENAini!;i.Ii;n GOODS. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, (LEEKS, ETC. Aggregate. Number. Salaries 663 24 102 1 105 50 45 18 100 115 Officers of corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. ;;il. Men. Women NumliiT. Salaries. Number. Salaries. NumtKT. Salaries. i Number. Salaries. S773.S24 ;i ,-,,S S220,SUi 26,348 I 142.71IS I' 8 49,000 5.S32 2 4,116 1,500 I ' . . . . IS.5.073 ! 3 37,000 67,076 '\ 18 40,904 51,594 7 13,270 16,008 I ; 150,739 ' 8 38.. 500 126, ,8.56 12 38,026 505 S553, 008 1 1 102 32 38 18 92 103 26,348 93, 798 1,716 1,500 148,073 26, 172 38, 324 16,008 112,239 88,830 3505,077 19,302 93, 298 1.716 1,,500 139,. 580 20,834 34,324 11,702 108, S66 73,955 93 S47.931 8 7,046 ' 500 15 8,493 12 5,338 7 4,000 9 4,306 10 3,373 31 14, 875 WAGE-EARNERS. Greatest ■ Least number number employed employed at any one at any one time dur- time dur- ing the ' ing tire year. year. 10,875 l.5r,i 123 34 1.3,52 1,150 835 419 1.633 2,788 5.58 768 1,227 80 32 1,085 668 489 329 1,406 1,474 Group 14 — ENGRAVERS' JTIATERIAIiS. 13 6' $10,920 1 1 3| S6,240 3 $4,680 3 i4,680 63 46 1 6 4l i 2 i 1 8,840 2,080 3 6,240 1 2 2,600 2,080 1 2 2,600 2,080 35 18 32 14 2 3 ."""1 Group 6 ENGRAVING AND DIESINKING. 352 6 3 29 ' 4 4 142 14 23 30 $159, 788 30,030 1,000 10, 744 7,822 5,660 9,327 12,250 57,292 11,560 4,606 5,897 2,820 33 $47,300 4,500 4,620 5,900 17,480 4,760 1,040 1,320 142 $112, 488 780 22, 350 1,000 6,244 3,202 5,660 3.427 12.2,50 39,812 6,800 3, 566 5,897 1,500 101 $93, 693 18,084 1,000 5,464 2,526 4,850 2,427 11,750 32,606 5,940 2,350 4,416 1,500 $18, 795 4,266 2 2 2 2 1 780 676 810 1,000 500 15 3 2 4 7,206 860 1,216 1,481 1 ' 1,877 1,401 1 13 11 2 11 9 3 274 213 4 7 2 5 14 13 6 116 79 7 42 38 8 43 37 9 96 80 10 182 129 11 624 470 12 110 97 13 129 77 14 174 112 15 42 34 16 Group <>.— ENGRAVING, STEEL, INCHJOING PLATE PRINTING. (See also Litlio^rapliing and engraving; Pliotolitho- grapliing and ptiotoengraving.) 229 38.5 $553, 600 68 $213,065 317 $340,536 212 $285,598 105 $54,937 4,080 3,218 1 8 5 11 18 4 7 15 15 6 85 . 5 36 4 2 7 ■ 2 1 5 53 3 2 22 n 2 162 1 4 96 1,600 1,200 6,458 76,009 2.934 1,2.50 25,630 17,200 2,500 300,354 900 4,905 94,908 1 1,080 1 4 37 3 2 19 11 2 137 1 2 ,8-8 520 1,200 3,858 40,689 2,934 1,250 18, 130 11,000 2,. 500 175,964 900 1,305 71.533 1 1 2 26 2 2 11 9 2 97 1 1 61 520 1,200 3,104 35, 821 2,700 1,250 13,666 9,600 2,600 153,7,55 900 825 52,265 62 15 102 500 37 38 181 101 54 2,040 9 34 683 10 39 175 53 13 64 435 19 27 149 76 64 1,574 9 28 522 10 30 156 3 1 16 2,600 35,320 2 11 1 754 4,868 234 4 6 7 3 3 7,. 500 6.200 8 2 4,464 1,400 8 9 in 25 124, 390 40 22,209 11 1? - 8 3,600 23,375 1 37 480 19,268 13 14 15 5 13 2,780 14,972 2 7 1,800 7,200 3 6 980 7.772 2 4 620 6^ i 2 360 900 16 17 Group C.^ENGRAVING, WOOD. 129 38 $42, 204 4 $14, 800 34 $27,404 23 $22, 722 n' $4,682 427 284 1 7 22 8 14 63 5 11 9 1 23 3 8 900 26,902 6,044 3,000 4,058 1 21 2 1 8 900 18,902 1,044 1,200 4,058 1 16 900 16,980 5 '" 2! 1,922" 1,044 15 121) 42 140 8 75 52 ,34 82 2 h 8,000 5,000 1,800 3 1 4 1,200 2,342 < 1,716 6 7 1 1,300 1 1 1,300 1 1,300' 34 3 30 3 8 9 _J _ < Includes establishments distributed as follows: Georgia, 1: Louisiana, 2: Minnesota, 1; Rhode Island, 2; Tennessee, 1; Utah,l; Virginia, 1; Washington, 2. 5 Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 2; Colorado, 1; Indiana, 2; Michigan, 1; Minnesota, 1. 204 MANUFACTURES. Table 5 SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14.— ENAMEIilNG AND ENAMEIiElJ GOODS— Continued. WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. STATE OK TEKEITORY. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. 1 Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United states 9,537 $3,642,322 7,120 83,004,261 1,908 $.555,393 509 »82, 668 81,326,382 $20, 006 $67, 163 Illinois 847 377, 368 386, 397 43,614 15,805 428,820 378, 322 301,067 157,581 489,865 1,063,583 692 1,054 51 23 955 641 494 234 992 1,984 310, 930 294, 444 27, 763 12, .559 .379,294 288, 323 237,463 115,260 400, 030 938, 195 135 62. 741 20 73 3,697 20,497 80,209 103, 764 9,653 5,049 297,234 87, 767 82,211 45, 437 • 138, 737 476,321 746 1,291 2,600 978 5,732 ,520 1,498 4,054 3,579 11,299 655 159 21,147 7,080 1,070 340 14,368 7,466 3 4 Maryland Massachusetts 1,397 95 32 1,214 958 740 385 1,497 2,372 270 44 9 195 302 221 132 319 281 71,456 15,751 3,246 44,490 87,449 57,812 38, 479 76,070 97,899 5 6 New York 64 15 ■25 19 186 107 5,036 2,550 5,792 3,842 13,765 27,489 7 8 q Ohio Pennsylvania in Wisconsin 11 2,587 United States, 2 ' New York 3 I All other states. 49 Group 14 ENGKAVEKS' MATER1AI,S— Continued. $31,062 19, 568 11,494 49 S31 062 ' $13,208 $3,886 $464 33 19, .56S 8,391 4,817 1,670 1 381 2,216 i 83 16 11,494 1 ! 1 Group 6 ENGRAVING AND DIESINKING— Continued. 1 United States California 1,573 .?1, 032, 232 1,415 $984,568 104 $37,024 54 $10, 640 $224. 288 $104,687 $2,915 •> 12 9 227 4 13 91 39 35 89 153 528 102 99 135 37 10, 928 5,920 164,368 3,700 6,987 .53,908 21,614 24,235 58,255 101,531 349, 135 61,338 58,985 87,710 23,618 11 7 209 4 11 82 33 32 77 130 485 91 80 129 34 10,616 4,920 157, 842 3, 700 6,656 52, 751 18, 824 22, 825 55,220 95, 496 334,960 57, 936 53,817 85, 832 23, 173 1 2 11 312 1,000 4,940 1,626 1,088 41,322 5,053 1,294 14,099 4,909 7,710 15,010 13,911 77,478 14, 148 10,118 12, 248 4,274 1,182 854 18,326 300 748 7,177 2, 106 2,440 5,416 4,440 39,815 6, 467 6,392 7,287 2,737 76 22 464 48 40 595 88 90 202 299 158 531 133 65 10-1 1 4 1,586 5 Indiana 6 1 156 1 9 175 1,157 7 8 6 3 4 17 36 6 9 6 2 2, 790 1,410 1,4.56 5,296 12,0.50 2,414 2,997 1,.S7S 325 9 10 8 6 lb i" 1,579 739 2,126 988 2,171 126' 11 1'' 13 Ohio 14 Pennsylvania 15 16 Rhode Island Group 6.— ENGRAVING, STEEl., INCLUDING PLATE PRINTING-Continued. United States. California Connecticut .District of Columbia. Illinois Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts. Missouri New .Jersey. New York. . Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania. . . Texas Wisconsin All other states - 57 13 72 442 26 35 165 84 53 1,795 8 32 10 33 166 30, 046 5, 130 , 37,378 275, 188 10,925 15, 172 102, 829 38, 390 26,416 1,199,202 5,786 17, 736 334, 135 7, 0.50 1.5, 131 107,338 2,203 58. 254 16 19 111 46 47 1,054 6 30 24 113 81,733,967 $478,861 27,800 4,048 34,022 223, 485 5 4 13 169 : 1,855 1,082 3,252 47,,snfi 8,421 11,944 84,963 28, .522 9 15 '32 2,244 3,072 17.566 .S.,S73 24,751 890, 382 5, 300 16, 932 4 71 S 2 1,1. M 304,471 485 804 260, S,S6 6,750 216 70, 582 13,749 92,012 5 60 .s:i2 14,7112 $15,022 Group 6. -ENGRAVING, WOOD— Continued. 104 3,807 260 156 300 995 620 4,349 ,667 300 5.50 624 8501,657 10,311 2, 052 6,054 92, 415 2,159 3,174 22, 580 14, 298 10,304 218,663 1,330 3,409 92,000 966 3, 998 17,844 3,615 1,K6 2,338 26,297 \ 900 1,444 14,394 (i. .567 1,923 49, 099 795 1,340 20,055 606 1 , 540 5, SOI) 1 United ,'^tatfs Connecticut 338 $245,032 321 8239, 772 10 .$4,026 7 .? 1,234 11 95 58 36 106 8,018 66, 198 48,486 24,8.56 72,928 10 91 54 35 102 8,218 65,268 46,280 24,712 72, 226 1 2 3 2 400 3 566 2,000 390 2 1 1 2 364 206 144 312 4 Massachusetts New York 7 Ohio 8 Pennsylvania All other states 30 2 22,426 1,.520 'I 21,. 548 1,520 2 67(1 1 208 j 541 17.S 6,949 404 10, 992 40 01 3,439 10 133 1,376 $87,656 $27. 746 .?565 1, 121 5, 367 4,,'i95 2,784 3,554 33,369 8,650 5,. 5.57 6 104 302 115 26,949 836 10,783 396 1,376 1,024 16 7,134 1,607 1 21 GENERAL TABLES. 205 STATES AND TERRITORIES; 1905— Contiimod. «>il-ou|> 14 — l<:iNAMHl.IN GOODS— Continued. I MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent of ofllees, interest, etc. Contract worlc. Aggregate. ,217.711 I 5_n. .iiv: "Ts.sM :TT~; sn. 171 ' 6,:!:is 3.912 267.1188 i 2.667 80.167 79. 336 307 40. 913 100 124. .369 447.810 1 18,428 2.072.19 (i.ST l)F MATERIALS USED. rrincipal iiuitiM-ials. 87,152 090 SU, 832 243 911 426 105 683 9,246 869,309 631 192 416 460 62 495 779, 625 863, (:64 101,170 8,262 797,834 568,665 394,597 57,176 1,169,248 1,927,465 I'urcliased in raw Htiiti'. .8121.1.57 32, 682 16,701- Purchased in partiall.v manufactured form (includ- ing "all otlier materials"). 708, 959 863,664 101,170 8.26 797 834 ,567 ,5,57 394 ,597 67,176 1 1 136 566 1 910 764 50,827 43,203 2,027 788 55,093 61,406 16,076 3,988 73, 142 134,074 Rent of power and heat. S7,921 1,042 1,56 793 525 290 992 Mill sup- plies. $33,330 1,676 4,559 219 40 5,098 4,682 2,733 339 9,448 4,530 Freiglit. $11,9 625 'ssi' 6,914 2,764 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. 816,709,282 1,072,894 1,903,131 232, 435 46,519 1,988,.W< 1,414,478 966, 579 338, 392 2,358,6')0 4,788,680 •88. S.t¥ 6. 340 2,518 895. 887 17.116 i, Ciroup 14 ENGKAI'EKS' MATERIAliS-Continued. 76.610 15. 682 s;oo 300 $91,992 $846 .32,446 S165 $138 8170,710 1 76,310 16,682 096 150 1,350 1,096 115 60 lis 126,747 43.963 2 3 Group e.— ENGRAVING ANB BIESINKING— Continued. 505 450 2.495 4,330 I 9,. 592 8. 172 30,374 7.131 3,150 5.000 2,993 600 4.776 120 1.433 2.570 4.200 220 850 $376, 409 10,087 1,673 43,934 2,277 2, 145 25, 470 17,523 10,. 305 45,948 21,821 115,225 22,168 32, 874 18,819 6,240 $337, 481 $337,021 10,001 1,440 37,636 1,982 1,590 22, 484 16, 538 8,580 43,080 1 18 2ol 05 143 19 549 30 63(i 15.802 1 4 780 1 10,001 1,440 37,636 1,702 1,590 22,484 16, 538 8.580 43.090 18,231 104,963 19, 549 30, 636 16,802 4,780 $7,744 12 28 216 68 360 809 20 """353' 2,112 1,625 793 761 241 456 $26, 458 18 60 5,829 210 91 1,043 843 1,490 2,395 1,108 7,471 1,688 1,201 2,173 938 $3,071 45 264 17 104 122 36 110 370 1,007 43 281 578 21 $1,655 1,060 '266' 79 195 6 26 45 Group 6 ENGRAVING, STEEL,, INCLiUDlNG PIiATE PRINTING— Continued. Group tJ. -ENGRAVING, WOOU— Continupi 52.422,487 34.956 2 16,200 3 375,824 4 18,060 5 16,647 6 147,746 7 68,664 8 66, 700 it 160,999 10 197,680 11 836, 704 12 166,124 13 140, 365 14 164,925 15 44,013 16 $309,399 S29..569 $1,553,618 .¥1.502,843 SI. 602, 843 $14,. 379 824,057 $6,075 $6,264 $5,943,080 1 6,050 756 2,388 58. 9iifl 1,199 1,730 7,354 6,929 8. 1.56 138. 180 495 2,008 62,742 350 1,426 10,668 105 ia,5o' 200 50 ' 428' 680 26,'"i!l2' 10, t)45 3,498 10, 551 219,777 7.628 7,178 ■ 69,926 32,906 6,632 874,118 2,560 4,770 235,026 3,491 9,374 55,249 9, 662 0, 3.il 9.710 211,604 7,419 6,996 67,018 31,446 5, 368 8.56.700 2,310 4,185 224,402 3,395 8,514 60,763 9,662 3,5.01 9,710 211,604 7,419 6,996 67,018 31,446 6,, 368 856,700 2,310 4,185 224, 402 3,395 8,, 514 60,763 2 58 84 3,787 14 21 133 310 1,166 6,106 186 26 470 2,317 179 96 1,981 825 9,'i44" 184 520 4,, 378 48 360 3,344 1,005 24 197 1,025 6 16 76 25 98 l,7o6 90 40 90 1,044 10 50 719 300 i,"432" 56 1,528 266' 705 76,818 19,121 76,0,54 766, 432 27,415 39, 362 266, 486 . 164,763 69,572 3,177,881 • 15,650 51,400 922,061 14,000 40,026 237,059 •> 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 l"* 65 1,714 13 13 5, 764 966 3,003 35 300 360 14 15 16 77 17 $24,218 $35, 127 $60,283 $57,822 $310 $57,512 S248 $1,900 $280 $33 $647,909 1 327 10, 155 2,79/ 2,239 0,746 140 1,263 562 2,100 17,743 656 419 9,405 300 4.604 1,437 13,380 13, 636 6,426 20,866 464 3,940 1,145 1,405 12,533 13,346 5,118 20,455 450 3,370 1,145 1,405 12,383 13,346 5.118 20, 455 450 3,370 985 14 35 26 55 80 4 35 18 3 21,918 203, 671 94,812 68,791 197,991 5,800 51,736 13,190 ■5 160 631 260 240 237 178 5 6 92 3 4 8 1 5 fi 7 632 3 S ioo q 206 MANUFACTURES. STATE OR TERRITORY. United States . Connecticut Illinois Missouri New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states i . _X, Number of estab- lish- ments. Table 5. SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 6.— ENVELOPES. Total. $7, 495, 912 1,707,681 451, 344 288, 663 1,015,230 330, 387 275,847 3,426,760 1276, 120 108, 750 1,000 7,500 10, 000 2,990 7,000 138,880 Buildings. 397,492 8,000 15, 000 20, 000 49,810 5,000 550,884 Machinery, ' tools, and implements. 82,721,536 607,367 220, 256 115,377 437, 962 105, 071 106,633 1,128,880 Cash and sun- dries. J3, 452, 070 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 594,082 222, 088 150,786 547,268 172, 516 157,214 1,608,116 Group 8.— EXPliOSIVES. (See also Cbenilcals; and special report on Cliemicals.) Total horse- power. 2,262 602 196 121 469 91 124 659 Unit d States. Illinois - . - Indiana. . Michigan. Missouri.. New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states 2 $42,307,163 774, 776 2,096,288 316,473 2,364,490 507,948 2,868,417 6, .320, 285 28,059,486 $2,484,354 50,246 56, 545 9,400 146, 624 38, 237 208, 667 310,723 1,663,912 S6, 605, 693 161, 135 282, 245 51, 129 363, 193 79, 502 582,511 789, 731 4,296,247 $8, 358, 003 262, 141 452, 557 22, 945 476,431 156,400 684,273 1,185,402 5,117,S.i4 824,869,113 301, 254 1, 304, 941 231,999 1,378,242 233, 809 1,392,966 3,034,429 16,981,473 123 5 2, 1.58 / 1,410 4 431 4 734 5 1,028 16 6, 326 39 6, .356 43 19. Ill Group 14.— FANCY ARTICLES, NOT ELSE^VHERE SPECIFIED. (See also Boxes, fancy and paper; Ivory and bone work.) United States. Arkansas California. . . Connecticut . Illinois Kansas Massachusetts . Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania. . Rhode Island Washington Wisconsin All other states'" 4 3 17 113 19 34 4 3 10 15 87,119,8 2,475 128, 432 198,852 715,061 18,600 342,626 124,031 215,600 42,023 1,499,493 1,860,480 1, 111, 1.58 268,029 15,810 8,608 306,024 262,694 $175,053 100 10,800 5,450 11,300 3,600 2, 750 .?.o,S 1,834 68, 128 36,6.50 20,850 8,2.50 6,7.'iU 1,025 300 19,900 35,949 24,120 11,000 8,2.50 "766' 176,. 566 108.600 1.53,300 9,825 ■,3.-|S 1,976 $4,656,610 425 22,435 42,360 240,204 2,700 1,660 75, 297 116,093 439, «7 1,400 64,078 13,830 35,000 8,800 267,448 110,201 179,400 33,223 .327,633 1.52,851 294,734 72,829 927, 176 1,263,379 642,274 177, 126 5,240 3,850 92, 676 26,8.54 10, .570 4,758 179,340 228,839 88 104 280 3 62 56 95 10 743 719 817 94 35 3 311 1.33 Group 2.— FEliT GOODS. (Sec also Woolen goods; and special report on Wool nianuractures.) United States. Massachusetts New York Pennsylvania All other states * . 10 12 89,667,136 2,1.55,527 4,021,651 .318, .532 3,141,426 .$.531,582 $1,866,762 .$2,143,294 $5,126,498 39 : 10.936 133, 190 218,775 28,900 1.50, 717 342, 242 807,887 111,397 604, 236 383,883 922,658 106,326 730,427 1,296,212 2,072,331 101,909 1,656,046 10 ; 2,830 12 4,764 5 ,520 12 \ 2,822 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows; California, 2; District of Columbia, 1; Massachusetts, 12; Michigan, 2; Minnesota, 2; Nebraska, 2; Virginia,!; Wisconsin, 3. 2 Includes estaWishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 3; Cahfomia, 5j Connecticut.!; Delaware,!; Indian Territory, 1; Iowa, 1; Kansas 5- Kentucky 1- Maine, 1; Maryland, 1; Massachusetts, 1; New Jersey, 10; Tennessee, 3; West Virginia 8; Wisconsin,!. ' ' GENERAL TABLES. 207 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Oroup 6 ENVKI^OPES. Proprie- tors and Arm mem- bers. 44 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERK S, ETC. , uperinteiK WAGE-EARNERS. Aggregate. Officers ol Number. corporations. Salaric.'i. liriKTJli S ents, managers, clerks, e If. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- mg the year. Least numljer employed at any one timejiur- ing the year. Nuiiilicr. rotnl. Number. 340 Men. Sniarif'S. Number. \'oiiicn. Number. Salaries. Salaries. Salaries. 529 j S.5S3.ri(12 44 S123.170 485 $460,332 S:«4,947 145 S75, 385 4,812 3,9,54 1 1 10 I 10 60 74, oXS 61 56,015 i 2S 35, 4S4 146 138,492 18 20, .532 .39 50,983 177 207.458 4 12 4 10 3 2 9 6,200 18, SilU 14,000 40, 350 7,800 6,240 29, 720 56 49 24 136 15 37 168 68,338 37, 155 21,484 98, 142 12, 732 44, 743 177,738 44 31 16 93 10 29 118 61,i;27 28,461 15,851 77,419 10,104 40,995 150,490 12 18 9 43 5 8 50 0,711 8,694 5,633 20,723 2,628 3,748 27,248 771 .585 214 1,023 194 274 1,751 . 667 464 198 889 175 200 1,361 2 3 4 5 u 11 7 8 Group S. KXP1.0SIVES. (See also riicmltals; and special report on Clienilcals^) 1,2S9 24 S3 163 919 56, 457 52,262 15,174 33, 560 27,817 123, 709 233.049 ,253,022 50 188 S741,742 24,900 15, 533 5.092 7,900 12,240 57,250 117,799 501,028 1,001 23 24 8 24 17 61 113 731 81,056,308 31,557 36, 729 10, 082 25, 61 ;o 15,577 68,459 115,250 761,994 895 20 8 19 14 47 99 666 $1,001,444 31,256 33,945 10,082 22,540 14,146 61,341 107,761 720, 373 8,53,864 301 :,784 3,120 1,431 7,118 7,489 31,621 270 371 1.55 .385 126 503 977 3,811 5,709 96 294 100 232 92 401 877 3,617 Group 14.— FANCV ARTICLES, NOT EliSEWHERE SPECIFIED. (See also Boxes, I'ancy and paper; Ivory and bone work.) 351 3 28 892 .5862,78 105 I S640, 171 491 S465, 046 296 S174, 525 ;,630 15 I 142 12 i 42 ' 1 12 17 17 119 40 26 44 6 232 204 .H. 066 17,932 136,493 2,300 1 28 I 260 3,660 56, 260 34 497 11 11,874 21 149 2 6,000 65 7''l) 4 536 178 2.52 12 66,671 170 7S7 17 25,252 56 568 13 25, 470 28 694 4 6,250 1 .596 2 1,000 '> 820 o 2,820 ■^.5 378 4 3,720 34,075 6 13, 390 16 14 91 5 29 24 44 6 220 187 44 33 14,282 80,233 2,300 22, 623 16,149 65, 720 4,536 185, 507 146, 535 31,098 22, 444 595 21,6.58 20, 685 16 16 36 6 148 114 29 15 6,146 12,600 62,896 16,986 11,592 61,508 4,066 108, 477 110,907 23, 576 13, 494 500 18,258 16, 750 2,660 1,782 17, 337 2,300 6,637 3,557 4,212 77,030 34,628 7,522 8,960 96 3,400 3,935 158 261 1,040 18 452 261 270 34 1,309 2,713 861 471 74 6 181 97 209 10 926 1,660 638 241 27 5 288 116 Group 2.— FEI.T GOODS. (See also Woolen goods; and special report ou Wool manufactures.) 18 , 201 .?3.50,594 45 S135,044 156 $216,660 126 $200,014 30 .515,536 3,744 2,829 1 1 , 37 60.032 9 80 160,017 4 i| 13 ( 25,228 4 i 71 ■ 105,317 3 19 4 19 6,000 71,444 14,400 43,200 34 61 9 62 64,032 88,573 10,828 62,117 28 49 8 41 60,432 82,300 10,228 67,064 6 12 1 11 3,600 6,273 600 6,063 1,097 1,229 146 1,272 716 1,011 60 1,042 2 3 4 5 'Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 2; District ol Columbia, 2; Indiana, 1; Iowa, 1; Kentucky,!; Maryland,!; New Hampshire, 2; North Carolina, 2; Tennessee, 2; West Virginia, 1. < Includes establishments distributed as follows: California,!; Connecticut,!; Illinois,!; Indiana,!; Maine, 2; Michigan,!; New Jersey, 2; Ohio, 2; Wisconsin,!. 208 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES,, BY Oroiip 6.— ENVELOPES— Continued. STATE OR TERRITORY. United States. . Connecticut Illinois Missouri New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other state.s "VVAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. ■MT^^ 11- „„ -^ „„^ ., -^^ Women 16 years and Men lb years and over. over- Average number. ' 718 278,. 'i3S 464 159, 460 208 75,800 960 354,264 185 68,886 234 82,841 1,529 609,922 1,183 239 111 69 181 69 64 460 S676,944 120,258 54, 655 39,796 111,248 36,129 29,006 286, 852 Average number. ;,961 450 346 104 771 114 165 1,012 Wages. S924,097 152,651 103, 493 29, 632 241,652 33,302 51,027 312,340 Children under 16 years. Average number. Wages. 154 S28, 470 5,429 1,312 6,372 1,364 455 2,808 10, 730 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. $1,062,967 155, 193 57, 720 91, 462 242,670 7,454 40, 701 467,867 Rent of works. $123,580 1,800 20,726 9,440 50,067 2,829 12,290 26,428 Taxes, not including internal $33, 510 7,647 1,134 1,639 1,852 831 298 20. 209 Group 8 EXPLOSIVES— Continued. 1 2 3 4 6 United States Illinois 6,800 $3, 308, 774 5,708 $3,283,729 91 $24,946 1 $100 $1,657,665 $9, 812 871,263 142 299 123 306 93 428 897 3,512 82,611 174, 563 87,964 125,247 49,095 236,205 526,609 2,026,480 142 299 119 ; 273 I 92 .416 874 3,493 82,lill 174 563 43,062 118,146 19,0v6 52,696 49,976 134,016 234, 664 1,006,111 495 3,126 2,443 1,020 1,841 12,209 11,740 38, 389 2,385 Michigan . - 8(i.llli 116,665 48, 735 233, 115 ,^^20, 181 2,021,843 4 33 1 12 22 19 1,848 8,682 360 3,090 6, .328 4,637 fi 150 2,761 3,146 1,370 7 Ohio . - . 8 1 100 9 All other states Group 14 F-INCV AKTIi'LES, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED—Continued. United States. Arkansas.. . California. .. Connecticut . Illinois Kansas Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey. . . New York. . . . Ohio Pennsylvania . Rhode Island. . . Washington. . . . Wisconsin All other states , 6,624 ion 168 288 li'.S 241 19 1,091 2,102 701 37, 45 4 329 203 52,149 73,396 329, 091 7,899 119,658 49,789 73,651 7,285 463,248 808, 566 284, 393 96,423 11,960 2,060 96, 337 69,314 $1,723,535 55 126 388 12 102 11 604 ,162 454 113 19 2 176 36, 445 58,877 213,869 7,149 68, 324 27,315 42,980 4,805 317,747 544, 768 231,947 45.736 7.7i'.(; l,li.50 67,7<),s 46,370 I 43 41 320 178 96 139 7 474 903 229 237 140 96 15, 497 14.087 107,301 51,158 21,925 30, 571 2,135 143, 148 259, 772 50, 190 46, 226 3,034 26,338 19, 486 207 432 7,931 750 176 549 345 2,353 4,025 2, 251) 4,462 1,030 400 2,201 3, 4.5!) $1,807,873 316 21,173 27, 447 99,835 5,243 72, 190 19, 163 81,313 10,683 321,607 !i 662,723 'I 241,719 :| 46,912 5,373 793 46,484 45,999 $200, 501 $42,612 76 6,243 1,578 29,168 216 21 866 726 1,369 152 13, sSfl 3,512 6,955 1,545 1,217 700 228 34 6,018 104,082 4,927 12,262 6,308 18,044 9,671 224 1,040 655 2,826 6,510 50 5 1,800 1,198 Group 2.— FE1.T GOODS— Continued. 1 United States i 3.254 .51.356.764 2,546 SI. 135, 013 699 8219,147 9 $2,694 i $612,766 SS. 270 $35,666 2 3 Massachusetts 809 i 313.836' xoo 2,S3,s.5] \'ew York 1,117; 410.7.55. S47 402, .584 96 269 4 331 28,550 87,941 1,200 101,456 4 1 1,4.35 230 119,881 287,270 22,762 182,863 4,613 11,819 '. 11 148 4 60,2, , 125 .01.077 5 .\ll other states 1,103 4,il,,SS6 774 , 3.S9.,501 4 929 3,657 10,539 GENERAL TABLES. 209 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— C'ontinued. «roui» (J 10VKI.OPES— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS E.\- PENSES— cont'd. Rent of oirices. inCiTo.=;t. etc. SS96. 737 Ho. 741; 34.li(i0 80.483 185.251 3. 7il4 28.n:i 418. liHO Contract work. 1.200 5, 400 Aggregate. •*.5.974.948 1.3S0.273 319. 23H 214.501 U98.941 :i.5J.503 j 255, .57; 2.44l>,lii; COST or MATERHLS USED. Principal iiuileri;il> Total. .?5.,S!I4.795 1.367,240 314,105 210,083 982,544 356,978 248,009 2,415,836 Purchased in raw state. Purcliased in partially manufactured form Cinclud- ing "all other materials"). So. .894. 795 1,367,240 314,105 210,083 982, 544 356.978 248.009 2,415,.S3li Fuel. iient of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. S26. 815 833. 881; 86,994 5,525 638 2,532 6,931 1,454 1,764 8,971 5,188 3,560 " 50 8,575 950 1,175 14,388 1,244 630 1,836 841 121 297 2,019 Freight. $12, 458 1,076 297 1,050 4,632 5,403 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. 1,990,239 710, 776 468, 615 1,906,367 543,313 489,028 4,114,028 tiroiip S.— EXPl.OSIVES--Continued. ■SI. 574. 140 S2.460 817.203,667 42, 567 412, 129 110,635 16,653 2,000 1.188.014 519 399 1.270.931 47,784 119,046 200 152.046 1 274 786 219.528 966,352 250 2.516.461 9 869 901 I 816,411,012 $610,342 $15,800,670 $509,860 $176 $128,291 $154,329 $29,602,884 1 404,151 34.R6S 369,283 1,126,270 498,041 1,243,704 141,012 1, 154, 458 2,284,651 8,983,251 7,223 24,577 16,909 26,202 4,267 48,535 64,611 318,546 755 3,741 3,414 1,025 576 12,117 16,362 90, 301 is' 556' 1,000 711,620 1,141,146 498.901 ! 1,243,704 146,871 1,200,567 2,394.382 9,381.300 14,876 860 1,679,306 791,278 1,645,705 348, 118 1,843,211 4,012,857 18, 670, 783 3 175' 4 5,859 46,099 109,731 398,049 342 13,577 41,106 79.754 6 7 " 8 9 Uroup 14 — FANCY ARXICIiES, NOT ELSEVTHERE SPECIFIED— Continued. $1,422,140 8142.720 220 8,524 25, 144 264. 393 4.875 53,134 14,951 74,130 9,004 309,281 315,672 227,221 32,926 2,783 133 40,458 39,291 6,640 '4,' 965' 3,950 124,925 "'i,'566' 1..500 406' 84., 826. 719 745 .38. 940 126. 460 1 107, 043 10, 646 289, 364 114,558 168, 343 41, 464 804, 386 1,520,992 498, 147 199, 234 12. 796 1,822 199,690 142. 19C $4,676,065 725 36, 653 116,370 638,953 8,240 279,992 111,626 164. 476 41,143 776,227 1,478,686 486, 401 193,963 12,281 1,600 190. 875 137.865 $172,407 $4, 503. 658 6,752 120 4,000 10 162,325 7,900 200 1,100 726 29,901 116, 370 638,953 8,240 279, 872 107,626 164, 475 41,143 776.217 1,326.361 486, 401 186,063 12,081 1,600 190,875 136, 755 $56,963 331,123 S28, 164 20 i 1,076 1 4,791 3,281 160 700 1,927 2,066 14,688 10,999 7,535 1,235 50 5,707 1,692 823 216 6,413 2,915 100 63 3,195 4,584 12 288 442 802 1.753 7,175 4,164 8,637 334 1,516 2,926 457- 301 138 140 2 308 651 606 202 835. 404 326 1,888 3,812 2,060 6,469 463 1,000 135 4,543 8,516 2,361 653 2,1491 1,935 $11,961,513 3,500 164, 386 288,560 1,659,667 27,702 584, 421 262, 123 438, 737 76,093 10 2,071,998 11 3, 719. 725 12 1,336.761 13 482,568 14 43, 646 16 8,640 I 16 439,125 17 353,961 18 Group 2.— FEIiT GOODS— Cnntinned. $566,501 I 82,429 101,020 I 2.429 276,122 I 20,702 I 168,657 I 8.5. 754, 026 MFG — PT 1 — 07- 1,976,491 1,928,974 186,974 1,662,587 -14 85,449,667 1,892,458 1,813,923 174, 603 1,568.683 83.979,585 1,327,490 1,382,786 136, 866 1, 132, 443 $1,470,082 664, 968 431,137 37.737 436,240 8171,666 48,110 63,143 10,761 49.652 $2,336 22 HI $64, 110 6,310 28, 157 1,164 18. 479 $76, 248 28. 591 23.640 ,1 446 23, 571 88. 948, 594 2,686,011 3, 178, 768 370.342 2.713.473 210 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Clroup W FERTILIZERS. (See also Cottonseed products; SlaugUtering and meat packiug, wliolesale; and special report on Clieniicals.) STATE OR TERRITORY. Number of estab- lish- ments. 9 ! 10 ! 11 ! I 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 United States Alabama California Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Mississippi New Terspy New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania South Carolina,.... Tennessee Virginia All other states i... 400 $69,023,264 19 14 10 7 8 3,050,922 903, 849 987, 378 205, 554 899,049 4 14 4 4 11,158,070 546, 171 235, 195 872, 487 2, 143, 846 3 39 9 5 53,683 6,058,246 3,600,183 1,048,733 6, 290, 706 2,598.3.56 3. 697, 799 3, .5.51.267 5. 386, 068 7,086,878 3,381,073 4,871,810 395,951 Land. $4, 813, 130 91,033 60,450 104, 050 5, 700 9,000 368, 345 115,200 8,100 70,000 119,206 4,500 827, 565 163, 772 26, 432 776.619 167,700 9(1, 245 237. 5.52 Ii21..528 232, 9.58 350,871 336, 304 26,000 Buildings. Jll,366,004 588, 533 125, 466 174, 489 17, 300 99,444 1, 765, 685 146, 261 54, 700 476, 280 190, 737 11,000 894, 695 354, 991 153, 508 846, 855 499, 379 596, 182 604, 435 796, 788 1,559,265 680, 244 629, 607 100, 260 Machinery, tools, and implements. J9, 023, 201 362, 661 107, 876 171,419 34,500 119,901 1,354,012 105, 218 74, 723 77, 820 388, 386 7,500 815,518 490, 240 106, 050 1,060,845 195, 975 312, 356 509,090 093, 256 728, 330 434, 146 765, 356 108,023 Cash and sun- dries. $43,820,929 610, 057 537, 420 148, 064 670, 704 7,670,028 179, 492, 97, 672 248, 387 1,445,517 30,683 3, 520, 568 2,591, 180 762, 743 3, 606, 387 1,735.302 2, 699. 016 2, 200, 190 3, 274, 486 4, 566, 325 1,916,812 3, 140, 543 161, 668 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Group 3. — FILES. (See also Hardware; Tools, not elsewhere si>ecifie. 129 259 457 266 369 65,011 101,688 170,223 73, 600 124, 986 100 116 267 137 184 53, 536 67,940 114,752 49, 141 76, 185 29 113 184 125 169 11, 476 28,048 52,632 24,037 46, 996 34, 653 8, .573 66, 735 26,921 34, 800 1,700 302 8,114 134 941 809 930 1,081 823 1,656 1 30 16 4 16 6,700 2,839 422 2,805 4 New York 5 Ohio 6 .Vll other states 374 $115,487 102 840,843 263 871,619 19 S3, 125 386,780 823,532 $1,111 34 193 105 25 17 11,564 63,347 24,191 8,460 7,926 6 56 29 6 7 1,300 21,646 10,9C3 1, .590 5,346 28 132 66 18 9 10,082 40,702 11, .586 6,769 2,380 1 li 10 1 1 182 1,000 1, 042 101 200 14,273 53, .576 14,881 1,295 2,755 2,979 18,657 1,092 376 428 197 55 561 104 194 GENERAL TABLES. STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Ui-oup 8.— FEKXIliIieERS -Continued. 2L3 MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— font 'd. Rent of offices. interest, etc. Contract work. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Aggregate. Principfil materials. Total. o;i.;i4:^.9i4 ii s;^7,8f;2,48i Purchased in raw st;itc. S10,797, 157 Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). 327,065,324 137,;5fi4 60,i;74 77,,51.s 57,460 7:1.334 681,968 45,726 .. 4,000 28, 442 69,.5:V5 220, :?0S S.0.5S 227, 2;51 56,978 .. 461,028 1S.8, 874 254. 585 248. 272 367, 726 206,478 i 2.S0, 665 '. """1,213" 2.680 3,541 """16.297" 2.311 .303.1.56 74,257 .. 13, 5.'-l l,606,:i:,0 .519. \m .524. N91 287.414 l,:.e5.070 6,527.065 90. 702 1.56.017 279,.151 1,013,640 38, 765 4,991,789 1.276,299 ! s.57.412 3,928,047 1.333,868 2,217,756 1,:«6. 446 2, 890, 7,«0 2,692,031 ! 1,711,800 3, 240. 675 448. 797 1,565,902 .501, 1S8 498,968 270,466 1,318,113 6 ;^67 .380 ,S.5 678 1,50 171 275 673 984 159 37 493 4 ,891 424 1 225 149 834 221 3 .821 320 1 270 554 2 1.52 734 1 :j'>6 2H2 2 740,807 ■1 556 721 1 475 803 3.098 168 414 107 480, 400 98, 806 52, 491 110,615 80, 544 2, 089, 062 3, .593 67,565 27,809 356, 946 5,118 1,249,719 159,838 288, 851 1,127,280 557, 362 682, 720 519,573 502, 781 758, 243 498, 004 957, ,393 115, 844 1,086,502 402, 382 440, 477 159, 851 1,231,569 4, 277, 718 82,086 82, 606 247, 864 627, 213 32, 376 3,641,706 1,065,311 545,, 370 2, 694, 040 713, 192 1,470,014 806, 709 2, 238, 026 1, 798, 478 977,799 2,140,775 298, 263 Fuel. S953, 490 33, 783 11,731 16,007 9, 865 3,400 135, 315 4,711 4,447 1,905 25, 826 652 72. 179 .38. 033 16, 502 93, 347 49, 793 56, 483 34,083 83,990 78,034 28, 769 124, 540 30,096 Rent oI power and heat. 533, 737 130 4,049 600 1,812 1,487 15 500 6,852 6,000 6,254 3,845 150 S124,962 6,516 2,201 1,586 1,620 .306 12, 160 298 899 373 7,731 5, 463 1,440 10, 733 3,:i80 1,200 120 4,536 7,025 1,689 9,719 500 17,798 92 5,000 3,661 5,717 4,694 8,320 19, 308 1,650 17,761 46, 626 15, 322 6,283 9,458 4,445 39,366 201,945 8,329 160 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. S56, 632, 853 2,341,132 893,711 943,221 ■370,889 1,590,371 : 9,461,415 ; 131,298 : 298,677 i 4.39,111 1, 556, 227 66,064 6, 631, 763 1,978,356 1,082,387 i 5,651,914 2, 082, 404 17 3, 098, 561 18 2,289,176 19 4,094,978 20 3, 637, 576 2, 700, 561 4,659,281 633, 790 510,074 51.310,978 , Group 3. —FIIiES— Continued. .=:ilw. 499 ! .51,135,046 81,136,046 8118, 110 54,135 .548,298 .55,389 14,391,745 1 1.048 1 .5." 273" 100 2.472 14,160 1 39,128 ' 288,406 .59,431 9,958 '1 .394.. 899 502. 525 1,630 11,050 33,972 244, 857 50, 170 6,827 335, 771 450, 769 1,630 11,0.50 33, 972 244, 857 50, 170 6,827 335, 771 450, 769 420 2,940 3,994 34,681 5,390 1,103 31, 797 37,786 210 157 50 268 5.510 1,131 1,712 26,949 12,531 55 120 550 2,937 710 25, 430 81,833 120, 175 969,389 222,867 56, 467 1,127,227 1,789,367 0, 15 802 3 I''' 390 364 420 2,030 316 65 760 4 83,186 5 7.7TO 1,960 fi 7 93,798 149,535 4,700 327 . 690 8 9 543, 494 254,470 ; 18,2.SO 509,232 i 238,507 25,000 3,282 214 13,190 I 570, 098 59, ,500 3,440 - 15, .506 3, 600 12,034 32,820 3,6.50 11,698 i 2,2.50 ?1. 7.38,012 507, 281 R.57, 875 329, 398 9,808 33,650 425, 177 734, 862 264, 149 7,803 30, 713 liroup 3.— FIREARMS^ Continued. 50,000 81, 456, 704 j tl27, 090 $12,823 $116, 374 $19,021 ! S8, 276, 560 1 j 425, 177 734, 862 264, 149 7,803 24,713 42. 268 69. 269 24,964 39 560 4,018 3,895 4,610 400 29, 613 54, 432 29,110 1,642 1,777 6,305 5,427 6,666 24 600 1 2,367,190 4,011,316 1,726,922 31,932 138, 200 ? 1 3 4 ) 5 6,000 6 Group 14 FIRE EXTIlNGiriSHERS, CHEIMlCAIi— Continued. S229, 003 25, 265 22, 179 75, .370 60. .503 45, 686 $220, 961 24, .590 21,800 72, 177 58,680 43, 814 $220, 961 24, 590 21,800 72. 177 58, 580 43, 814 51,518 170 540 370 438 55, 341 500 249 2,271 1,275 1,046 382 266 86 130 12 302 Group 14.— FIREWORKS— Continued, $155,092 32, 144 7,341 67, 540 26, 964 32, 103 5100 5769, -235 80, 269 194, 618 234,918 94, 999 164,431 $745, 865 77,001 191 . 344 230, 565 91,282 155, 673 51,700 8744. 165 1,400 150 I 160 77,001 189, 944 230, .565 1 91,132 1,55,523 Group 2 FliAGS AN!» RANNERS— Continued. .581.970 56, 850 61,954 154, 419 176, 139 132, 608 812,177 .52, 514 $1,047 87,632 $1,986,790 1 1,956 2,024 1,139 1,458 5,600 250 100 60 22 615 1,062 1,160 830 2,237 2,353 250, 272 406,946 648,064 269, 588 411,920 '' 3 2,324 4 5 190 6 $60,637 81,. 500 $486, 872 11,097 61,. 549 33, 364 13, 228 1.500 302, 444 82, 182 816 13, 633 2,133 27,064 $480,914 $480, 914 61,010 300,293 79, 640 13, 434 26, 537 61,010 300, 293 79, 640 1,3, 4.34 26, 5,37 $2, 468 $1,516 $1,740 8244 5.S54, 692 1 lis 14 1,306 200 585 900 10 46 36 109, 300 . 606,441 156, 929 32,264 50, 758 38 89 100 215 ; 96 171 f 214 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 1.— FLiAVORING EXTKACTS. (See also Baking and yeast powders.) STATE OE TEBKITOKY. Number of estab- lish- ments. United States California ' Colorado Connecticut Illinois Iowa Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia Washington.. Wisconsin All other states i . . . Total. 34,404,986 $109,662 Buildings. 8216,765 Machinery, tools, and implements. S336,2e0 Cash and sun- dries. $3,742,299 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. . 16 6 9 36 9 9 7 33 9 10 13 3 9 103 29 30 6 4 4 4 4 3 121,686 53, 650 52, 452 1,045,334 21,014 136,345 31,915 278,936 105.755 38^ 190 244,153 3,200 163.789 1,304,610 281,084 129,903 10, 487 32,646 76,765 12, 100 74,970 34,630 72,968 78, 404 2,500 2,000 100 12,5.50 900 2,000 300 24,300 3,225 5,200 200 1,500 200 8,650 49,2.50 10,000 2,500 3,500 2,400 20 300 1,100 2,000 8,389 12,700 800 4,6'iO 300 26,709 78,500 21,500 1,500 500 1,700 20 1,500 1,400 4,300 11,811 11,1.50 4,138 67,182 1,860 4,285 1,815 24,578 11,305 9,815 9,861 500 24,295 85,948 21,383 17,825 715 1,175 6,480 400 3,850 3,371 3,830 106,475 38,600 47,914 941,302 19,154 104,796 30, 100 242,744 76,650 27,375 228,142 . 2,200 104,135 1,090,912 228,201 108,078 9,772 31,471 66,285 7,600 71,080 29,459 66,638 63,416 Total horse- power. 29 11 10 166 46 167 147 Group 3 FL,AX AND HEMP, DRESSED. United States Kentucky Michigan All other states ^ ... 160,111 61,589 27, 142 814,700 12,000 2,550 150 18,500 17,489 4,969 S38, 492 $144, 692 12,400 12,844 13,248 117,211 18, 706 8,775 1,55 175 270 Group 1,— FI,Oi:]R AND GRIST jniLIi PRODUCTS. (See also Food i>reparations; and special report on Flour and grist mill products.) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 46 46 47 48 49 50 61 United States. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory. . . . Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon '. Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia AVashington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming 10,051 $265,117,434 ■ 40 9 91 122 52 86 47 7 7 114 28 363 33 566 276 3 161 202 142 405 363 9 682 12 234 9 72 182 13 825 234 66 694 75 105 ,195 22 29 96 387 154 63 109 366 194 $22,969,996 \ ■$48,634,410 I $68,628,575 $124,884,453 | 10,018 371,666 404, 445 1,352,669 11,467,164 2,325,671 1,335,822 484, 171 192,653 77,684 1,895,718 685,397 14,128,467 889,451 11,906,761 5,216,059 13,816,887 7,342,417 50, 200 1,422,671 2,717,268 1,881,478 7,664,270 34,867,366 70, 700 14,834,042 991,191 6,496,878 411,368 1,008,936 2,907,250 139.420 24,819,316 1,990,346 2,383,673 14,931,065 3,242,032 3,997,069 18,765,691 389, 479 205,619 2,427,556 6,927,156 7,786,339 1,212,439 1,319,735 6,503,101 6,490,492 2,622,906 10,545,861 222,440 35,920 9,000 96,406 1,219,227 141,167 152,377 47, 690 42,375 12,560 219,630 39,256 896, 760 31,650 831,436 653, 440 807,982 414,979 4,000 169,560 222, 186 148, 137 1,120,677 1,546,330 14,8.50 1,124,108 101,020 625,655 69,400 114,235 386,109 9,620 3,505,813 219,895 106,990 1,224,877 143,461 601,596 2,114,569 33,900 16,682 116,665 48.5,979 386,995 139,940 187,225 654,217 658,675 236, 875 1,111,630 27,400 80, 472 63, 733 246,085 1,669,723 429,850 340,866 89,500 .52,650 12,366 362,575 127,739 2,824,240 196,847 2,214,238 1,105,395 2,431,205 1,188,107 14,500 307,887 5.53,297 406,629 1,533,013 4,108,366 16,800 2,695,715 253,671 1,637,202 120,500 184,4.50 655,950 29,800 4,408,026 335,279 456,646 3,542,325 685, 730 704,098 4,249,736 101,290 46,321 486,805 1,104,809 1,521,603 249,611 289,600 1,188,133 885,211 534,506 2,148,165 43,347 108,005 86,, 500 511,942 2,183,835 616,425 158.530 141,669 15,600 14,240 575,973 240,947 3,692,236 ,367,788 3,501,317 1,714,220 3,691,716 1,871,910 9,700 254,398 751,534 280,461 2,398,745 9,892,141 29,760 3,866,708 168,367 1,971,698 66,840 121,378 564,329 62, 100 4,682,402 856,864 644,558 4,890,097 843,657 793, 280 4,243,562 80,868 92,618 820,381 2,178,041 1,991,653 421,461 199,020 1,574,704 1,004,060 761,555 2,663,010 66,776 780,042 147,269 245,212 498,236 6,394,369 1,138,229 - 684,049 205,312 82,028 38, 529 737,540 277, 456 6,815,231 293,166 6,359,770 1,843,004 6,885,984 3,867,421 22,000 690,826 1,190,241 1,046,251 2,601,836 19,310,629 9,300 7,268,511 468, 133 2,362,323 164,628 588,873 1,300,862 37,900 12,223,075 578,308 1,176,679 5,273,766 1,669,184 1,89,S,089 8,157,834 173,421 49,998 1,003,715 3,168,326 3,885,088 401,527 643,890 2,186,047 4,042,646 1,089,971 4,623,056 84,917 91 122 •52 86 47 7 7 114 28 363 33 566 273 361 388 3 153 201 140 405 363 9 682 12 232 9 72 180 13 822 234 56 694 73 105 1,188 22 29 96 387 154 63 100 366 76 194 389 11 2,134 465 4,435 11,509 5,933 3,115 2,827 462 167 8,396 1,963 38,267 2,268 4?, 333 20,077 35, 141 23,391 140 6,603 10,663 9,363 36, 197 86,517 425 40,610 1,455 18,065 361 4,523 9,612 399 68,522 10,359 5,777 64,240 6,768 10,013 61.686 i;310 1,440 6,785 23,501 16,319 3,047 7,178 16, 194 8,553 8,339 42,714 591 I Includes establishments distributed as follows: District of Columbia, 1; Georgia, 2; Indiana, 2; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 2; Nebraska, 1; Oregon, 2; Vermont 1 GENERAL TABLES. 215 Group l.-FI,AVORING EXTRACTS. (Sec also Ba ZTC. king and yeast powders.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. Ag SALAB lED OFFK lALS, CLERKS, I WAGE-EAKNERS. gregate. Salaries. Office vs of corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerics, etc Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing tlie year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing tlie year. Total. Men. W omen. Number. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Numlier. ' Salaries. Numlier. Salaries. 384 672 S698,070 99 5195,497 ■ 573 S502,,579 |, 424 8437,022 U9 S65,557 2,087 1,351 1 20 4 25 it 9 102 10 40 14 43 10 6 1 31 19,919 10, 120 7,878 102,281 li,l.;IS 33,370 8, :w;i 66, 757 11,928 3, 490 29, 866 1 200 4 4,220 2 ■ 3,0110 18 ' 38,992 4 1 2,958 2 ' 6,000 3 1 2,340 5 27,917 2 [ 2,400 24 19,719 5 ; 6,900 7 4.878 19 ! 16,300 5 5,900 7 4.878 5 3,419 66 39 377 18 21 4 236 82 ' 16 124 2 54 463 190 69 14 26 58 9 59 7 24 62 42 66 25 224 11 21 4 113 58 13 69 1 42 347 119 55 13 18 14 9 • 41 5 15 36 2 9 31 9 8 8 28 8 13 13 5 118 28 "40 8 4 84 6 38 11 35 8 6 27 63,289 3,740 27,370 6,049 38, 840 9,528 3, 490 21,906 53 3 24 9 07 ■"4 24 47, 476 2,620 23, .5,SS 5,285 35,236 8,340 2,850 20,946 si 3 14 2 8 2 2 3 15,814 1,120 3,782 764 3,604 1,188 640 900 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 4 7,960 12 13 IS 176 16 12 19 23,i72 205, 762 71,892 13,540 1,300 11,160 17,360 3 5,500 18 47,790 13 j 17.490 i ^ 15 158 59 16 2 9 15 17,672 157,972 54, 402 13, 540 1,300 6,600 8,900 13 16, 528 115 140,463 46 48,042 13 12,816 1 780 7 1 5,640 11 7,220 2 43 13 3 1 2 4 i,i44 17,509 6,360 724 520 1,020 1,740 14 15 16 17 IS 3 ; 4,500 4 1 8. 400 ' 19 4 3 2 3 10 10 20 ?1 32 7 12 25,240 5,280 14.334 8,340 2 1 3,750 2 1 1,680 5 i 9,500 j 1 i 900 30 5 7 6 21,490 3,600 4.834 7,440 25 ■ 19,033 3 1 2,160 6 4,322 4 0,600 6 2 2 2 2,457 1,440 512 840 22 23 24 25 Group 2.— FLiAX AND HEM1», DRESSED. 17 16 S9,386 4 S3, 120 11 S6,266 11 S6,266 352 159 1 9 5 8 2 2.756 5.800 830 2 2 920 2,200 3 6 2 1,836 3,600 830 3 6 2 1,836 3,600 830 220 76 45 38 •> 78 54 3 8 4 Group 1.— FI.OUR AND GRIST IWII.L, PRODUCTS. (See also Food preparations; and special report on Flour and products.) 13,0,18 7,415 S7, 352, 357 1,450 82,216,192 5,965 $5,136,165 5,066 $4,723,450 900 $412,715 48, 449 34, 168 1 2 3 42 29 14 55 317 92 19,673 17,585 44,697 443, 196 103,696 3 6 7 46 11 1,900 10, 400 7,600 132, 720 13,650 26 8 48 272 81 17,773 7,186 37,097 310. 476 90,045 24 8 46 242 79 17,098 7,185 36,617 287,871 89, 265 2 676 189 49 349 1,170 358 161 37 116 94 26 2 30 2 480 f 22,605 780 257 1 4 826 5 193 , 6 98 65 11 8 146 46 12 5 3 102 39,044 7,930 7,687 2,700 96, 673 10 2 1 9,700 2,600 5,000 36 10 4 3 77 29,344 5,330 2,687 2,700 . 57,653 31 9 4 3 73 26,938 4,914 2,687 2,700 55,693 5 1 2,406 416 107 147 62 17 667 163 7 130 8 62 9 14 396 10 26 38,020 4 1,960 11 22 412 45 830 377 21 466 40 345 173 18,626 508,767 39, 526 303,321 135,007 7 103 4 74 35 6,750 180, 146 3,600 96,585 47,066 14 362 36 271 138 11,875 328,621 35,926 206,736 87,941 14 322 36 227 122 11,875 309, 784 35,026 189, 533 81,941 100 2,919 311 2,751 935 78 2,100 121 1,923 749 12 40 1 44 16 18,837 900 17,203 6,000 13 14 16 16 429 617 4 209 249 453 264 1 28 91 451,609 192,744 650 17,674 72,969 107 43 147,095 47,490 346 211 1 17 78 304, 614 145,254 650 8,351 53, 180 296 184 1 8 74 283,363 135,247 650 6,879 54,008 60 27 21,151 10,007 2,442 1,741 6 293 679 1,574 1,245 6 222 524 17 18 19 11 13 9,223 17,789 9 4 2,472 1,112 20 21 181 568 416 10 752 41 277 836 8 458 26, 472 232, 736 906,274 6.085 457,714 6 34 108 1 129 5,750 49,902 234,821 1,800 189, 710 35 243 728 7 329 19, 722 182,834 671,463 3,286 268,004 19 182 562 6 281 13,693 158, 832 674, 492 2,085 248, 799 16 61 166 1 48 6,029 24,002 96,961 600 19,205 325 1,800 5,506 36 3,096 273 1,386 3,227 22 1,978 22 23 24 26 26 6 294 8 109 221 36 167 6 11 48 46,748 153, 176 7,500 8,676 36,699 1 33 2 1,000 43,670 2,460 35 134 4 11 37 45,748 109,506 5,040 8,676 22,449 32 117 3 8 29 43,828 102,310 4,560 7,800 19,530 3 17 1 3 8 1,920 7,196 480 876 2,919 76 1,071 33 166 507 66 776 16 127 442 27 28 29 30 11 i4,256 31 14 1,067 376 66 1,003 2 620 72 76 438 1,500 594, 451 46,790 84,915 422, 332 1 89 23 15 102 900 176, 420 16,780 19,790 166,701 1 431 49 61 336 600 418,031 30,010 65, 125 266, 631 1 77 5 3 75 600 35,309 1,653 1,202 28,891 37 3,786- 709 383 3,188 23 2,713 495 289 2,480 .32 364 44 58 261 382, 722 28, 357 63,923 227,740 33 34 36 36 56 101 1,558 23 29 153 85 306 16 14 146,043 106, 666 237,394 7,450 7,494 54 20 51 2 3 60, 130 36, 785 65, 147 600 2,160 99 66 255 13 11 85,913 69,881 182,247 0,850 5,334 95 67 188 11 11 83,633 63,673 153,873 6,182 5,334 4 8 67 2 2,280 6,208 28,374 668 561 584 3,076 48 85 360 299 2,572 46 49 37 38 39 40 41 110 584 152 80 139 64 250 292 48 14 67,338 212,094 346,696 27, 160 10, 658 25 40 44 17 5 26,395 67, 445 94, 967 5,980 6,500 39 210 248 31 9 30,943 154,649 251,729 21,170 4,158 32 191 244 30 5 27, 743 147,317 249, 415 20,690 2,940 7 19 4 1 4 3,200 7,332 2,314 480 1,218 399 1,968 1,219 182 225 316 1,398 856 142 116 42 43 44 45 46 498 66 301 511 9 142 171 79 234 6 104, 726 211,840 66, 777 252,986 5,305 21 37 14 55 18,365 67,210 11,630 72,600 121 134 65 179 86,371 144, 630 54, 147 180, .386 5,305 106 126 58 147 6 82,765 140,940 61,067 164,968 5,305 15 8 7 32 3,606 3,690 3,080 15, 418 1,096 858 488 1,635 26 892 466 378 1,169 19 47 48 49 50 .61 ^Includes establishments distributed as follows: Iowa, 1; Minnesota, 1; Nortb Dakota, 1; South Dakota, 1; "Wisconsin, 1. 216 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 1 FLAVOKING EXTKACTS— Continued. STATE OR TERRITORY. Total. Average w„„es nnmher. vvd,ges. Men 16 years and over. United States 86.53,366 ! Average number. 767 California. .. Colorado Connecticut . Illinois Iowa Maine Maryland Massachusetts . . . Micliigan Minnesota Missouri Nnw Hampshire. New Jersey New Yorlc Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia Washington Wisconsin All other states . . 28 233 12 150 67 14 S8 1 47 393 147 56 12 21 33 9 48 5 13 42 20. 357 40, 142 9,851 116,018 3,442 6,686 1,118 72,421 22,596 5,705 29,820 400 18, 699 165, 792 53,882 24, 655 6,912 4,528 9,870 4,670 14, 145 2,398 6,968 12,291 23 43 14 111 5 6 2 60 26 10 32 1 27 224 56 34 10 5 21 7 19 3 10 18 A V ages. S449J.S5 r3, 872 35,660 6,406 81, 545 1,693 3,592 546 44, 341 12, 386 4,070 18, 234 400 13, 441 118, 567 31, 152 20, 141 6,020 1,664 7,628 4,370 7,622 1,698 6. 396 S.041 .\ND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. 8198,346 "67385 4,482 3,3.52 32. 601 1,749 3,094 572 27,958 8,206 1,635 11,459 Average number. _ 32 1 Wages. 744 $5,535 .SI. 0.50, 639 21,""8f5"" 22, 148 10,041 219,470 9,541 27,897 11,824 130,332 32,836 7,316 32,805 735 18,974 272, 833 88,999 28, 106 2,650 13,883 18,229 1,350 29,520 7,987 16,288 25,000 S162,jlW ^ SjW 2.212 1,097 27, 119 2,150 519 2,156 18,829 2,360 1,845 8,285 50 576 45, 478 10, 740 7,437 996 1,660 1,800 840 2,160 870 2,635 2.376 S19, 046 19 14 13 113 7 14 2 89 31 4 54 100 380 386 470 3,303 213 936 166 2,309 1.175 251 811 12 594 3,695 2,414 119 3 63 405 75 470 118 272 406 1 i M 1,872 i22' 2,004 2 127 20 168 90 20 2 14 12 2 28 2 3 23 5,25S 47, 075 22.522 4,266 892 2,720 2,242 300 6,331 700 572 3,975 1 1 2 iso 208 248 2 144 1 192 1 275 Group 2 — FLAX A1VI> HEMP, ORESSEII— Continued. Kentucky Michigan [ited States 214 .859,977 212 869, 631 1 .596 1 1 S250 250 517,610 1 11,566 2,728 3,316 1 82,038 "^IJiSO"" " 245 113 J .?2, 669 2,078" 380 111 y 141 51 22 29,701 21,690 8, 586 140 50 22 29, 451 21,594 8,686 1 9b states Group 1 — FlrOUR AND GRIST MII.L. PRODITCTS Continued. United States. Alabama.. Arizona . . . Arkansas. California . Colorado.. Connecticut Delaware 9 District of Columbia. 10 Florida 11 , Georgia 12 I Idaho 13 I Illinois 14 : Indian Territory 45 , Indiana 16 ! Iowa ),.110 I 819,822,196 17 '■ Kansas 18 I Kentucky 19 ! Louisiana 20 I Maine 21 : Maryland 22 i Massacliusetts. 23 i Michigan 24 Minnesota 25 ! Mississippi 26 j Missouri 27 Montana. Ncliraska Nevada Ni'W Ilanip-shirc New Jcrsry New Mexico. . . . New York North Carolina. North Dakota.. Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania . . . Rhode" Ishmd... South CaroUna. . South Dakota.. Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont 44 46 46 47 Virginia 4S I Washingloii. . 49 We.st Virginia .50 ' A\'isi-on.^in . . . . 51-1 Wyoming 169 36 263 167 137 61 13 464 2,410 161 2,289 770 1,831 1,373 4 234 550 277 1,508 4,481 20 2,346 67 Hia 17 12S 454 29 3,063 519 312 2.700 456 395 2,632 45 60 347 1, 595 98(1 150 1,S5 957 613 400 1,.351 10 53, 887 24, 368 103, 632 659, 488 202, 778 85, 874 68,425 30, 279 5,515 146,095 66, 864 1,210,865 78, 238 1,091,428 399, 108 1,024.405 615, 1.58 1,738 108, 3.S2 212, 332 154,065 766, 690 2, 650, 818 6,763 1,090,843 57,096 468, 268 16,098 63. 464 210, 689 14,382 1,563,122 160,329 200, 439 1,339,568 253. 256 271,183 1,246,835 23, 771 18,414 38, 572 203, 102 591,046 .527, 652 91 461 i 91 464 348 681 409 828 183,050 1 719 682 11 258 1 158 36 262 861 244 169 137 61 13 462 84 2,398 161 2,271 762 1,810 1,337 4 233 543 276 1,480 4,440 20 2,333 67 ■ 821 17 128 461 29 2,966 513 .312 2,606 466 395 2.613 44 60 346 1..5S0 985 148 183 951 1,344 16 9,675,724 450 63, 24, 103, 645, 202, 83, 58, 30, 5, 145, 66, 1,208, 78, 1,084, 396, 1,020, 507, 1, 108, 211, 153. 7.59. 2, 0.37, 16. 03. 210, 14, 1,531, 169, 200, 1,312, 253, 271, 1, 243, 23, 18, 202, .588. 527. 90 ! 90. 347, 407. L82, 717. 11. 791 660 738 070 225 665 630 035 763 459 .096 !.399 098 464 133 362 841 636 439 153 2.56 183 120 621 414 602 756 $132,513 14, 140 2,260 97 0, 320 3.005 3.330 6.401 500 6,910 13, 166 2,196 'i6,'869" 400 21, 281 916 554 831 399 790 790 258 1,609 160 600 300 400 910 2, om 'i,m' 280 300 312. 440 260 617 693 '492' 2,106 1,990 150 145 850 349 260 712 ^S19J56, 711 29,716 30, 739 70,058 595, 860 272,570 41,010 48,416 11,869 2,967 197, 123 56. 256 806, 646 61,699 793, 605 322,960 1,077,391 609, 530 2, 495 57,941 23S. 525 92.980 541. 168 4,471,li76 4,620 960.217 88.. 552 391). ,5,'<7 20. 333 35. 106 144, ,522 (i,384 1,726,638 98, 822 214.019 992. (>25 2.39.632 235, 836 927, 480 13,367 7,708 204, 249 488, 700 810, 098 68, 147 ,54, 155 223,190 4(lli,378 116,063 784,065 13,240 $693,356 9,200 4,800 2,590 20,825 2,680 5,243 11,476 3,100 510 2,240 2,100 22, 559 30 12, 437 12, 556 29.493 5,990 600 8,801 17,160 22, 691 19, 737 65,380 "si," 677' "s.'sso 546 6.655 14.845 1,081) 96,036 5,797 ,500 33, 452 1,810 2,741 114, 465 3,760 445 6,318 6,166 3, 415 3,499 5, 799 17,071 20,318 3,039 25,005 500 $1,603,. 17,731 37,403 43,867 9,609 7,317 GENERAL TABLES. 217 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 1 — FLAVORING EXTKACTS— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent of olTices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregiite. SS7S,2(XI 12,7 75 19,-100 8,474 188,998 7,178 26, 442 9,502 109, 194 29,301 5,220 23,709 073 223,562 75,845 20,365 1,651 12.160 16,024 435 26, 890 6.999 13,381 22,213 150 "ho 1S.5 960 99. 397 112,,S.S3 53, 375 tiJS, 172 25, 119 Sl,S2il 24, 507 4:i5.221 154. 774 IS, 55S 254,, 598 4.. 351 85.765 867, 393 306, 579 133,053 17,703 41, 362 94, 198 11,260 111,981 19, 109 61,868 62, 848 COST OF MATERIALS USED. Principal m^itiria Total. 1, S."iS, 4li'.l 97,765 111,.S7() 50. 572 ,849,094 24, 845 81,342 24, 465 428, 108 149, .SSS 17, 628 252,624 4,2.59 82,790 851,9TB 301,07fe 131,973 17,551 38,846 81,240 10,975 111,184 IS, 008 61, 243 59,148 PurchlistMl in r:i.\\' .^tiitc. .S508, 370 34,710 12, 850 15,686 124, 280 1,809 ""2,'i96' 25,295 67,116 1,494 416 515 13,734 88,323 71,549 18,502 862 400 2,350 200 28,421 350 418 6,900 rnrcliii-.st'd in partially nianiifat'lnn-d lorm {includ- ing "all othiT materials" ). $3,350,099 63, 055 99,020 34 886 724 K14 23,036 SI .342 .T> 275 4! 12 813 92 772 16 134 2.52 208 3 744 69 056 763, 650 229 529 113 471 16 689 38 446 78,890 10,775 82, 763 17, 658 6n,,S25 .52,248 fuel. Rent of power and lieat. 819, 215 675 300 90 3, 374 150 399 95 2,014 950 265 425 30 2,650 3,390 2,022 737 129 33 .340 I 75 507 155 165 365 400 703 .300 4,176 10 1,736 640 1,384 4,578 1,088 67 240 140 75 60 Mill sup- plies. S4.531_ 17" 10 2,276 429 2 28 100 10 425 610 200 Freigllt. 1.37 1, 100 114 49 5 4,093 2,100 15 8 62 6,842 2,191 215 23 2,416 12,570 150 25 786 382 3,195 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. 87,772.070 203, .iSl 206,901) 87, 875 1,525,256 61,606 173,771 .58, 864 816, 263 281,660 55, 150 491,790 8,266 165,533 1,928,330 637,647 278, 785 44, 500 77,662 168, 659 26,000 187,992 39, 188 113, 295 133, 697 7.. 558 2. 103 2.242 250 "850" 177.831 33. 281 22,020 Group 2. — FliAX AND HEiTIP, DKESSED-Continued. $229,524 8221,822 87, 702 82,4,3,5 : i?23 $949 S151 S346,963 1 176,377 31,971 21,176 173,984 27,567 20,271 2,393 4,404 905 885 955 645 23 395 :365 199 151J 228, 467 74, 149 44, 347 2 3 4 Group 1.— FliOUR AND GRIST MILL PRODUCTS— Continued. S17. 464, 548 895,218 8619,971,161 S609, 615, 788 S.585,065,067 $24,550,721 $.5,999,987 $342,649 S909, 769 $3,102,978 $713,033,395 1,760,4.52 743, 124 3,702,495 20,202,542 5,783,421 1,981,774 1,536,604 669, 595 137, 180 8, 178, 926 1,584,473 39, 892, 127 2,682,6.57 36, 473, 543 12,099,493 42,034,019 18,007,786 66, 762 3,932,882 7,318,212 4,618,313 26,612,027 122,069,123 109, 693 38,026,142 2, 003, 136 12, 190, 303 620, 969 2,641,775 6, 468, 613 388, 124 64,546,435 6,863,770 6,463,228 40,865,566 9, 436, 266 8,467,613 38,518,702 1,134,092 725,222 6,519,364 25,360,758 22,083,136 2,426,791 3,206,075 13, 832, 299 14, 663, 612 6.200.2tll 28,352,237 283, 653 1 15.9,s:, 22,959 58. 839 514,704 246.666 28,480 35,295 7,779 1,8.50 179,704 47,165 715, 355 .56,823 684, 834 276.076 965,397 .559.283 1,720 38,320 204, 824 56,046 446,572 4,204,082 4,024 848,3.32 82,245 348,748 18, 158 21,772 113,879 3, .375 1,519,053 81,503 199, 499 836,227 216,293 206,006 734,584 9,583 5,534 177, 180 446,091 757, 776 45,039- 41,039 182,476 403,599 97,311 685,140 11,326 1,600 iie" 1,556,392 641,201 3,156,600 17, 132, 239 4,797,409 1,690,486 1,315,404 667,855 112,038 7,264,804 1, 315, 398 34,929,657 2,156,000 31,342,117 10,317,008 36,, 895,122 15,099,049 53, 360 3.442.115 6,209,983 4,112,9.39 23, 414, 207 109,060,973 94, 959 32,927,827 1,. 592, 386 10, 153, 429 431.817 2.. 348, 332 4,521.713 311.857 47,372,493 5,9.85, 862 6,462,541 35,626,232 8,0.30,939 7, :j52. 430 33,204,512 1,059,4.38 633,294 6,367,765 21,912,157 18,962,7.55 2,043,0.54 2, 872, 445 12,170,629 12,771,390 6,213,205 24,756,140 219, 155 1,527,199 616,824 3,098,913 16,878,616 4,6,37,606 1,671,274 1,273,089 563,280 110,841 7, 191,. 508 1,289,369 34, 472, 372 ; 2,066,331 30, 844, 027 9, 939, 798 36,332,585 14,881,019 52,368 3,408,641 6,107,451 4,074,995 23,021,224 107, 434, 854 92, 1.39 32,220,798 1,513,385 9,932,165 429, 472 2, 336, .305 4,461,423 302, 256 46, 794, 856 5,868,2,56 5,288,940 36,072,249 7,821,173 7. 283, 228 32.723.006 944, 168 619,598 5,207,832 21,445,687 18,501,178 2,029,087 2,857,902 12,029,693 12,. 548, 210 5,1,59,047 24, 426, .301 214.460 1; 462, 408 596,718 2,957,222 16,370,616 4,388,790 1,650,490 1,225,339 544,930 109, 337 6,855,531 1,234,648 32,941,938 1,979,. 527 29,924,607 9, 624, 426 34,566,946 14,228,800 49,258 3,382,965 5,877,541 4,0.55.972 22,217,725 102,. 598,4.52 .37,364 ,30,691,370 1,441,833 9, 405, 494 420, 756 2,300,010 4,370,119 290, 390 44,611,975 5,703,349 6,061,707 33,888,156 7,410,490 6, 903, .553 31,842,369 940, 187 602, 166 5,003,611 20,473,983 17,579,966 1,970,171 2,848,352 11,.5,S0,075 11,939,232 5,01S, 1,34 23,043,069 203, 962 74,791 20, 106 141,691 507,901 248, 816 20,784 47, 750 18,360 1,,504 336,977 64, 721 1,530,434 85,804 919, 420 315, 372 1,766,639 652,219 3, 100 25,576 229,910 19,023 803, 499 4,836,402 4,775 1,, 529, 428 71,, 552 526,671 8,716 36, 295 91,304 ll,,S6fi 2, 182,, SSI 164,907 227,233 1,184,093 410, 683 379, 675 880, 647 3,981 17,433 204,221 971,704 921,212 58,916 9, .550 449, 618 608,978 140,863 783, 232 ! 10,498 ' 22,942 8,606 46, 418 99, 389 52, 206 13,368 13,964 1,658 934 65, 191 19,574 306,260 26, 393 375, 523 145, 793 398, 185 176, 772 450 12,391 66, 701 24,865 241,9.33 933, 435 2, 450 4.51,406 11,829 183, 265 1,205 4,046 24,510 7,1. '12 .305,666 93, 29S 124, 541 374, 193 112,769 29,631 233,217 8,715 11,025 132, 106 170,565 239,941 6,967 8,416 65,651 75, 132 45,060 234,956 2, 365 860 2,400 700 69,866 2,891 1,371 6,706 18,567 6,019 1,908 3,095 965 263 7,246 1,963 68, 136 3,739 46,936 23,210 48, 877 19, 304 192 3,040 20,041 4,162 35,973 124, 864 370 65,821 6,070 17, 339 240 2,069 6,149 886 103, 443 9,372 8,768 48,979 9,268 7,706 38,882 617 799 9,465 26,043 29,903 2,602 3,274 12, 706 16,640 6,018 27 554 330 2,500 12,000 4, 863 65,901 101,579 748 25,256 1,372 2 3 4 5 3,198 7 8 680 9 10 .50 240 1,562 9,636 10, 620 2,950 73, 353 60,537 72, 030 201,008 103,061 21,604 n 12 3,100 13 14 7.003 48.5 4,602 7,199 12,414 350 360 11,086 3,895 6,169 6,203 14,814 15 16 17 3,6.50 18 19 7,057 12,895 3,808 108,874 553,006 20 1,650 60 5,589 25,459 21 22 23 24 ■55 20, 159 1,103 1,800 2,2.30 900 2,722 2,655 1,320 41,030 3,740 188, 699 59,301 18, 430 3," 266" 27,076 243 127,498 11,196 40, 292 124,955 81, 829 2,835 201,000 106,138 647 8,302 269,612 184, 808 249 1,793 51,171 81,784 3,090 63,008 2,000 26 27 28 29 1.37 1,150 250 30 31 32 33 34 3,'> 10,743 5,856 6,900 29,030 8,407 800 1,325 60 360 6,925 5,159 1,060 11,408 49,624 36 37 38 3,037 39 40 41 3,020 60 5,040 42 43 44 46 46 220 1,700 47 48 49 950 4,321 50 61 218 MANUFACTURES. . Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 1.— FOOD PREPARATIONS. (See also Canning and preserving, fisli; Canning and preserving, I'rults and vegetables; Canning and preserving, oysters; Flour and grist mill products; Pickles, preserves, and sauces; and special report on Canning and preserving, I'ruits and vegetables, lisli, and oysters.) STATE OK TEKEITOEY. United states. California- . . Colorado. . . . Connecticut. Delaware — Florida Georgia. . . Illinois. . . Indiana. . . Iowa Kentucky. Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan 17 i Minnesota.. IS ' Missouri.. . . 19 Nrl.raska.- 20 Now Jorspy . 21 Nc\y York. . 22 ' Ohio 23 , Oregon 24 [ Pennsylvania. 25 Rhode Island . 26 I Tennessee 27 ' Texas 28 Washington.!!!!! 29 Wisconsin 30 , All other states ' . Number o£ estab- lish- ments. 13 58 55 16 35 5 27 156 31 6 78 7 7 U 6 16 13 Total. $51,784,434 846,812 78, 705 272,572 324,341 30,354 15,060 8,367,636 257,654 5,169,086 14,477 238,681 13,400 205,113 1,339,913 3,446,786 656,049 1,378,971 144,227 2,743,922 16,953,773 4,990,594 190,331 2,082,320 103,224 38,411 132, 139 61,886 1,329,693 470,404 Land. $2,879,198 163,420 7,775 47,610 4,000 5,850 1,200 272,078 11,820 283,171 11,000 500 18,800 51,522 448,277 2,600 69,405 30,500 184, 100 739,453 223,660 300 162,907 4,600 3,000 11,200 2,350 64, 460 63,750 Buildings. S7, 558, 848 106,444 17,100 56,125 36,000 7,450 1,100 799,564 37,800 1,182,616 30,000 600 41,8* 107,041 876,348 220, 168 219,829 31,000 524,844 1,588,844 901,111 360,978 31,012 6,100 37, 100 7,000 236,874 96,0.50 Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. $8,294,957 166,792 17,730 36,699 20,600 ■ 8,200 1,560 994,511 70,864 1,416,002 352 96,436 1,300 33,050 201,922 751,363 117,078 298, 473 8,215 682,796 1,450,735 1,083,065 47,162 337,249 13,982 9,406 37,965 31,328 234,995 126,237 $33,051,431 421,166 36, 100 133,238 263,841 8,854 11,200 6,301,483 137, 170 2,287,297 14, 125 101,245 11,100 111,413 979,428 1,369,798 216,203 791,264 74,612 1,352,182 13,174,741 2,782,768 142,869 1,221,186 53,630 19,906 45,884 11,208 793,264 184.367 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 6 37 50 12 24 2 25 101 Total horse- pov.'c r. 29,278 669 54 89 76 22 16 2,904 1,130 3,045 5 433 232 1,016 6,266 387 635 70 1,526 4,213 2,951 153 1,540 40 44 136 76 801 762 ' Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 1; Arizona, 1; District of Columbia, 2; Indian Territory, 1; Kansas, 2; Montana, 1: Utah, 2- Ver- mont, 1; Virginia, 2. GENERAL TABLES. 219 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Ciroup 1.— FOOB PREPARATIONS. (See also Canning and preserving, lisli; Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables; Canning and preserving, oysters; Flour and grist mill products; Pickles, preserves, and sauces; and special report on Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables, lisli, and oysters.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EAKNERS. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- Least number employed at any one time dur- Total. Men. Women. Number. ' Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. ing the ing the year. year. 749 2,657 .52,999,043 2S7 S952. 405 2,370 .52,046,638 1,743 81,767,868 627 .5278.770 16,340 8,700 1 1 122 110 ' S7.124 S 5. 400 13 12,790 li 9.060 19 22,200 91 8 10 5 64, 924 5,400 6,930 7,260 70 6 4 5 52,624 4,800 3,957 7,260 21 2 6 12, 400 600 2,973 778 62 67 283 20 6 1,405 302 1,527 10 160 15 190 737 1,861 337 862 28 937 3,380 1,240 70 1,022 90 44 201 61 494 161 368 63 43 126 16 4 714 194 647 4 104 13 100 376 803 235 327 24 413 1,969 701 60 763 63 32 105 26 301 136 2 3 4 4 3 T 5,860 1,800 4 h 4 6 4 7 58 13 16 12 6 8 1 61 54 10 30 3 18 153 21 4 88 5 7 10 4 11 9 594 44 76 6 07 "9 37 92 316 41 174 57 151 494 69 13 160 15 6 19 6 94 21 594.523 27.192 98.985 4,800 33, 3U8 3, ,566 23,371 110,S,S9 334,992 123.167 206.369 44.588 196,. 306 644,402 72.f.'i<; 111. 400 124.922 12,1.S6 3,054 13,239 4 560 34 4 9 109,853 2,326 14,347 560 40 67 6 26 9 31 75 288 34 153 53 136 436 56, 10 141 14 6 16 3 85 11 484, 670 24,867 84,638 4,800 24,388 3,566 17,451 60,280 236,642 29, 120 145,869 36.588 133,351 403,456 56,516 13, 400 70, 704 9, 186 3,064 10,239 2,760 94,539 12,040 421 32 51 6 23 9 28 57 190 26 123 33 89 340 47 9 71 8 4 16 3 66 6 424,674 22,885 75. .503 4,800 139 8 16 59,996 1,982 9,135 8 9 10 11 1 8,920 22,468 3,566 3 1,920 12 13 6 17 7 21 4 15 68 13 3 19 1 5,920 50,609 98,350 94,047 60,500 8,000 62,955 240,946 15,572 3,000 54,218 3,000 16, 459 49,802 194, 503 23,971 123,626 28,250 111,623 357,449 52,212 12,800 56,920 6,749 2,610 10,239 2,760 86, 408 9,050 3 18 98 8 30 20 47 96 9 1 70 6 2 992 10,478 42,139 5,149 22,243 . 8,338 21,728 46,007 4,304 600 13,784 2,437 444 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 26 3 ■ 3,000 1 1 son 27 98 161,878 29,884 9 10 67,339 17,.S44 19 5 8,131 2,990 29 30 220 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Gronp 1.— FOOO PREPAKATIONS— Continued. STATE OR TERRITORY. United States California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia: Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentuclty Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Texas Washington Wisconsin All other states . , . . Total, Average number. 11,333 429 44 47 139 17 6 955 143 977 12K 49S 1,041 271 .571 26 701 2,619 874 61 879 71 36 153 25 362 115 Wages. .54,398,348 190, 489 22! 847 48,71,'") 7,140 1,.585 425,078 52,572 337,242 3,165 55,2.55 2,47(1 4n,.iS.S 230, 1S4 4.:i9,.'.2G 108,828 183,691 16,. 376 278,773 881,242 339,276 30, 560 344,069 29,716' 10,0.55 61,393 12, 727 156,301 55, 938 WAGE-EARNERS AND "WAGES. Men 16 years and over. Average number. 304 37 24 38 17 4 601 116 548 6 107 4 77 331 665 101 240 20 422 1,414 584 61 631 40 32 74 16 233 72 Wages. .53,285,370 156,390 20,634 13,926 19,073 7,140 1,275 328,042 48,058 238,516 3,165 49,260 1,944 29,897 183,707 357,631 57,389 124,617 14,460 196,334 614,244 264, 938 27,990 282,990 21,377 9,119 31,130 9,103 132, .534 41,487 Women 16 years and over. Average number. Wages. Children under 16 years. Average number. 4,307 I .?1, 078, 457 118 5 ; 22 100 33,307 1,660 8,809 29,486 2 353 26 365 18 2 49 162 376 168 303 6 "279 1,198 279 8 221 31 4 74 9 310 96, 732 4,314 92,470 4,763 415 10,333 45,689 101,896 51,257 52, 824 1,916 82,439 65,960 72,466 2,180 ,54,796 8,338 936 19,333 3,624 17,766 14,451 Wages. .$34,521 1,792 258 112 156 304 200 6,256 1,232 117 358 788 182 6,250 1,038 1,882 380 6,284 930 '6,'602' MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. S9, 745, 251 146,671 9,949 49,615 13,714 3,321 325 450, 565 43,032 251,659 5,474 66,845 4,187 41,611 606, 147 2,266,990 241,645 247,610 64,429 532,823 2,018,196 1,295,446 25,511 526,748 20, 136 4,110 23,607 14,473 721,326 59, 186 Rent of works. 1324, 168 27, 207 1,520 1,887 516 75 39, 132 2,092 ■ 2,868 430 6,964 360 3,420 27,317 7,007 10, 226 20,643 1,890 4,289 121,400 8,640 4,806 22, 148 1,063 1,885 1,218 1,484 3,241 440 Taxes, not including internal S147,840 3, 959 536 888 295 194 SO 9,766 821 6,466 12 2,716 36 1,712 8,469 32,816 1,334 7,031 939 7,406 28,658 17,608 475 5,960 317 104 1,177 58 4,999 3,048 GENERAL TABLES. 221 STATES AXD TERRITORIES: 190.-i- -Contimied. <;roiii> l.-K'OOn PHUPARATIONS -Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— ^:ont'd. COS T OF MATERIALS s. USED. Fuel. Rent of power and lieat. $104,710 Mill hup- pllrs. $56, 547 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. 1 Aggregate. Pi incipal imitcria Purchased in raw state. Freight. Rent of ofBces, interest, etc. Contract work. Total. Purchasi'd in partiallj' manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). 1 S9, 264. 173 $9,070 $37,667,862 $36,543,691 $17,392,229 $19,151,462 $693,274 $369,640 $61,180,416 1 114.305 1 1,200 937.697 7. 893 ' ... 1 72. 588 903, 773 69, .898 90, 160 334, 237 15, 108 22,4.55 3, 3.55, ,836 312.096 6, 328, 447 10, 754 1,4.57,232 7,971 241,688 1,130,362 2,053,526 916,872 1,989,817 122, 797 1,617,697 6, 420, 249 6, 294, 478 236,674 1, 719, 728 163, 649 131,819 202, 525 21,668 996,739 385,436 289,857 24,706 12,264 218,096 7,881 13,410 979,004 87, 148 4, 129, 264 208 613,916 45, 192 77,896 116, 141 7,227 9,045 2, 376, 832 224,948 1, 199, 193 10,546 1,457,232 5,222 198,403 825, .537 810,832 827,306 756,969 120,550 1,353,648 4,464,336 1,328,485 32, 276 1,285,343 149, 216 120,068 176,045 14, 165 398,201 147,692 13,720 2,181 2,966 1,6.55 342 679 58,255 4,652 60,547 126 .10,089 244 3,414 30,532 140,822 6,050 19,017 •487 28,000 106,077 40,949 4,507 28,803 976 835 1,793 1,322 18, 760 5,. 574 12,064 394 180 18 240 120 9, .527 510 2,752 36 756 1,096 116 50 188 3 15 3; 404 1,131 2,771 5 1,211 7.044 1,587,494 140, 463 216,969 457, 425 32,312 27, 519 2 3 46.840 ' 05.481 12.903 1 j 337. ,598 3.127 ! ' 16.042 200 1 i 23, 269' 2, 125 1,.500 349 4 5 6 7 401.677 1 ' 3,497,710 40.119 ! 1 327,803 242.325 ! 1 6,399,765 5.032 ' 11.621 57,165 1-469.327 70,688 9,514 5,248 700 39 3 1,264 5,045 48,841 64 43,766 5,600 6,225 64,467 29,884 5,245,002 ! 8 484,847 9 6,934,724 10 22, 198 11 1,740,386 12 3 791 i'.sbk' 8,218 247,745 1,169,746 2, 2.55, 816 925,481 2,057,843 130, 871 1, 656, 585 6,664,492 6,369,166 244 046 2,749 43, 285 304,825' 1,242,694 89,566 1,233,848 2,247 264,049 1,955,913 4,965,993 204, 398 434,385 4,433 11,751 26,480 7,503 598, 538 237, 744 25,146 13 36. 479 570.361 2.213.8.59 230,085 218,069 61,600 .521.128 1,867.329 1,269,093 20, 230 494, 7.59 18,756 2,121 21,212 12, 931 1,030 2,681 1,729 1,969 3,454 1,896 1,904 ,53,0.59 1,361 1,.580 1,612 659 243 2.1,85 531 400 1,830 349 1,126 10,898 536 1,789 91 2,759 20,640 2,494 1,285 2,914 68 37 309 145 47 1,071 404,373 2,502,855 6,753,699 1,590,513 3,001,570 278,971 3,163,415 11,408,030 7,859,915 355, 232 3,184,179 241, 118 187,901 376,430 76,804 2,211,425 670,521 14 15 16 17 1,767 18 19 20 809 105 21 22 23 3,881 1,796,551 155, 573 43, 494 221 3,312 2,000 750 4,306 13,191 24 25 136,246 208,812 24, 416 1,020,252 407, 102 26 27 28 713,086 29 65, 698 30 222 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 3. -FOUNDRY AND MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS. (See also Iiocomotives; Steam fittings and heating apparatus; Stoves and furnaces; Stoves, gas and oil; Structural ironworli; Vault lights and ventilators; and special report on IHetal ivorking machinery.) STATE OE TEEEITORY. 9 10 11 12 13 14 IS 16 17 18 19 20 21 00 23 ! 24 \ 2o 26 I 27 I 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 46 46 47 48 49 50 United States,. Alabama Arizona Arl^ansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoina Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee, Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states i Number of estab- lish- ments. 8,993 71 7 33 331 88 232 30 10 18 81 6 736 10 296 185 84 70 677 397 163 35 208 10 36 71 397 3 1,243 67 18 866 16 39 1,182 133 ■ 37 11 90 101 21 56 70 105 73 319 4 Total. 8845,024,825 6,192,165 172,419 762,326 14,774,641 3,241,263 24; 763, 180 5,827,002 187,200 416,988 5,163,281 99,613 78,314,131 65, 135 22,227,723 5,304,709 2,722,639 3,525,161 3,943,989 4,809,089 6,819,161 70,090,094 19,008,633 5,855,363 875,116 10,947,064 689,771 580,893 4,099,410 .57,730,411 77,279 120,381,946 2,123,440 166,927 100,442,712 202,963 1,800,333 169,648,734 23,728,205 511,339 187,939 4,358,190 4,793,998 460,937 3,158,560 2,912,228 3,492,663 1,909,269 4.5,349,606 131,217 Land. 570,481,289 644,517 26,300 109,. 507 2,424,381 266,915 1,508,149 746,717 21,000 68,700 346,369 2,300 9,697,643 5,. 570 1,346,330 562,562 295, 165 338,269 640,610 480,676 500,567 3,347,376 1,293,893 616,884 126, 450 974,962 19,799 50,364, 302,822 4,213,925 33,000 8,269,293 154,233 21,000 7,333,612 56,375 258,200 14,498,723 1,373,098 63,129 30,000 414,494 308,728 37,900 199,457 210,039 676,180 127,072 5,646,664 11,. 500 Buildings. 8127,345,207 974,722 27,627 90, 000 1,352,368 410,696 4,265,306 1,728,035 52,000 53,906 693,412 15,111 12,580,792 11,525 3,424,736 876,811 464,636 481,368 329,764 716,276 902,937 9,342,421 2,825,468 696,290 109,7.35 1,645,472 186,397 70,177 659,682 9,344 656 14,000 16,037,096 186,287 36,124 16,794,507 34,265 242,962 26,451,940 3,800,645 69,043 24,670 748,060 561,466 84,060 448,868 392,029 389,440 324,650 7,367,673 16,800 Machinery, tools, and Implements. S217,404,740 1,559,671 53,414 208,375 4,400,090 1,388,493 7,297,491 1,360,238 49,500 127,342 1,166,230 61,980 18,687,328 34,565 5,967,479 1,393,515 760,918 803,677 886,653 1,293,117 1,258,434 14,705,019 5,302,722 1,666,991 224,072 2,991,760 202,366 227,118 885,163 13,446,136 17,000 30,214,204 497,814 53,072 26,152,685 46,476 690,211 42,662,197 6,639,051 214, .555 114,270 1,062,407 1,150,161 164,540 732,498 998,255 1,025,44s 641,232 15,995,987 34,8.50 Cash and sun- dries. S429,793,689 3,013,265 65,078 363,844 6,697,702 1,176,159 11,692,234 1,992,012 64,700 177,040 2,958,280 30,222 37,348,368 13,475 11,489,178 2,481,831 1,202,020 1,901,837 2,187,962 2,319,020 4,157,223 42 ,278 ,660 2,876,198 414,869 5,334,880 281,219 233,234 2,251,753 30,725,794 13,279 66,861,363 1,286,106 45,831 50,161,908 65,847 708,960 86,033,874 11,915,411 164,612 18,999 2,1.33,239 2,783,643 164,437 1,777,737 1,311,905 1,501,479 816,415 16,339,282 69,067 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 8,326 7 31 298 81 224 30 8 16 77 6 678 9 284 67 75 62 60 95 97 154 34 196 10 34 65 371 3 1,140 65 17 815 13 38 1,123 122 36 10 84 97 19 65 67 99 70 299 4 Total horse- power. 696, 445 6,601 131 641 7,043 2,707 17,868 3,681 122 342 4,404 145 55,881 126 20,688 3,946 2,739 3,056 2,797 4,846 5,251 41,810 19,608 4,386 782 6,960 1,171 540 2,993 35,937 S7 67,994 1,684 151 71,901 20e 1,147 134,949 7,393 1,122 269 6,363 2,861 99 3,201 2,529 2,848 3,075 32,459 46 i Group 14.— FOCfNDRV SUPPLIES. 1 United States 34 $1,516,043 .5213,700 8254,693 $237,772 $809,878 31 3,621 •> 3 6 5 12 8 250,990 108, 106 .363,919 684,564 108,474 60,000 24,000 .. 56,200 70, 000 3,500 40,000 36,343 87,500 84,600 6,250 35, 050 22,666 .55,300 100,000 24,756 115,940 25,097 164,919 429,9.54 73,968 2 6 5 12 7 637 291 1,096 1,355 343 3 New York .. .. .. 4 Ohio 5 Pennsylvania H Group 14.— FUR GOODS. (See also Hats and caps other tlian felt, straw, and nrool.) 1 United States 2 California 3 Connecticut 4 Illinois 5 Indiana 6 Iowa 7 Maryland 8 Massuchusetts 9 Michigan 10 Minnesota 11 ] Missouri 12 ; Nebraska 13 New .Jersey 14 ' N'cw York 15 j Ohio 16 ! Pennsylvania 17 Washington 18 j ^Yisconsin 19 Another states 3... 603 11 27 11 24 18 817,991,8 431,785 44,. 596 622,020 12, .5.55 114,037 45,4,50 156,549 1,039,674 2, 542, 597 104,785 131,600 63, 277 11,250,995 137,883 423, 731 119,763 660, .381 190. 191 S645,900 160,000 1,500 3,000 300 1,.500 19, 100 29,450 4,000 .50,000 8.000 350,2.50 300 3,200 10,000 13,. 500 1,800 $363,050 .50, 300 5, 200 26,000 1,000 6,000 45, 100 24,200 4,000 10,000 6,300 146, 250 1,000 4,600 5,000 23,000 5,100 $720, 538 $16,262,381 8,385 2,566 17,096 1,655 16, 704 223, 100 35,330 475,924 9,600 90,833 3,3.50 5, 778 63,488 81,426 5,136 42,100 160,771 911,986 2,407,522 91,650 2,300 2, 175 431,713 4,250 69,300 46,802 10,322,782 132,333 20,5.-,0 6,8S5 38,001 10,082 395,381 97,878 685,880 173,209 143 6 350 165 7 1,105 10 5 6 157 32 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alaska, 1; Nevada, 1; Wyoming, 2. 2 Includes establishments di.^Jtriliutcd as follows: California, 1; Indiana, 2: Kentucky, 1; Massacliusotts, 1: Michigan, 1; New Jersey, 1; Wisconsin, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 223 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. GrouiJ 3.-FOlJNimY AND MACHINE SHOP PRODirCTS. (Soo also L,ocomotIves; Sloaiii fittings and lieatlng apparatus; Stoves and lurnaoes; Stoves, gas and oil; Stiiictural Ironwork; Vault Uglits and ventilators; and special report on Metal working machinery.) i i i Proprie- tors and firm j mem- bers. 315 SO 132 14 16 14 13 501 13 242 179 ; 9S I 49 56 ' 101 .So 638 400 163 45 164 11 35 56 321 3 1,193 76 .>2 069 20 40 1,158 94 39 12 82 99 19 54 80 83 48 287 4 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, i;T( . Aggregate. Number. ! Salaries. 3.S .4J.S :uT 9 733 146 1.097 20S 9 36 260 .s 4.44.S 3 I 1,270 421 I 137 ISS j 170 ! 162 340 2.474 1.311 416 61 216 2.211 1 0.469 136 4 5.013 1 65 6,748 7.58 28 262 173 25 203 130 205 134 1,605 6 ■ OlTicersof cor[)iir:[tions. Number. 1 Salaries. 421i. 42!l 10.320 I 30.795 I 9SS..MH 2 10. .".2.:) 1,,W0.2.S3 263. vol S.200 . 37. 069 29.5. 9;io 11.380 II. 5,341.915 2.7,S0 l,:«o. 495 .■382,448 144. 3S6 j 218,759 I 241,017 I' 197,002 , 333,022 I' 3,417.912 1,378,484 430.421 73.200 .841,490 57.200 41.542 228.665 2.. 803. 810 ; 1.200 ■ 6.635,011 138,467 2.980 5.964.713 300 77 553 8.231 318 1 . 0.58 218 28 771 1 1) 000 1 321 295 229 545 43.045 ll ■loj 997 147 658 236 640 141 814 1,982 119 6,420 1 71 2 5 149 30 216 36 602 3 196 85 30 56 33 28 56 348 226 83 7 174 29 1 301 647 37 13 857 113 6 1 71 32 9 27 35 46 35 204 S13.9 ,130 1,57,243 4.200 6.870 332.322 .S2.000 564. 590 107.080 19.900 87.850 417.438 116.932 52,474 103,645 76, 563 70, 255 117,151 1,026,306 398,253 128,171 15,000 325. 830 9,420 11,360 52,110 851,450 1,780,672 45, 186 1,800 1,866,094 22, 880 2,217,606 340,087 8,675 300 112.830 68,098 22, 400 71,992 64,013 85, 732 54,040 495, 427 General suiiiiintendents, managers, clerks, etc Total. i! Men. Number. Salaries. 32,690 $33,050,213 240 2i«l. LSI 7 6,1211 23,925 6511.482 128,. 325 Number. 23 384 116 881 172 9 19 208 8 3,846 1,074 3.36 107 133 137 1,34 284 2.126 1,085 333 64 534 34 31 187 1,910 1 4,822 99 52 5,891 646 221 141 16 176 95 1,401 6 Salaries. .530, 966, 922 96.- 6!:)3 1.56. S21 K, 200 17.199 208.145 11,380 3,937,802 968,057 265,516 91,912 115,114 164,454 126,747 221,871 2,391,606 980,231 302,250 58,200 615, 660 47, 780 30, 192 176,555 1,954,360 1,200 4,864,339 93,281 1,180 4,098,619 300 54, 673 6,013,712 718.131 20,096 5, 700 208,463 161,447 20, 645 153,005 93,645 170.908 87, 774 1,486,692 6,420 20 503 106 739 166 9 18 179 3, 347 921 261 86 109 131 107 270 1 , 728 SflO 2,S3 48 456 32 26 155 1,705 1 4,173 82 2 3,1.10 262,916 6,120 22, 560 603,211 122,719 892, 639 1.54.017 8.200 16.719 197.549 11.020 3,662,721 45 5, 415 636 20 2 184 135 15 127 87 897,430 235, 837 82,897 104,664 160,914 114,460 216, 698 2,193.968 893,817 278.320 56,295 476.732 46.440 28,266 161 . 461 1., 836. 296 1,200 4,554,828 85. 441 1,180 3,804,015 Women. Number. Salaries. 4,238 $2,083,291 60, 553 6,784,002 602,712 19, .536 5,700 189, 303 157,827 19,745 134,665 90, 275 160,716 81,966 1, 412, 082 6,420 11 ""3 81 10 142 6 1 29 1 499 153 75 21 24 398 195 .50 32 206 649 17 617 1 476 no 1 49 8 17 11 156' 6,268 '"i,'365 53,271 5,806 73,064 2,804 360 275,081 70, 627 29,679 9,016 10, 460 3,540 12,297 6,173 197,638 86,414 23,930 1,905 38,928 1,340 1,036 16,104 118,064 299,611 7,840 294,604 300 4,120 229,.710 55,419 560 19, 162 3,620 900 18,440 3,370 10, 192 WAGE-EARNERS. Greatest number employed at anyone .time dur- ing the year. 426, 148 ^ 5, 65.3 , 90 : 493 7, ,874 I 1,779 14,194 2, 435 186 I 43S 3,566 75 40, 553 69 13,426 3,622 1 , 892 2,153 2,114 3,309 4,349 37,383 15,976 3,117 624 6,913 479 448 2,276 26, 089 74 ,54.503 1.345 409 54, 507 118 69,732 9,937 607 150 3,931 2,616 346 2,076 2,280 2,107 1,413 17,297 44 Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 3. 4.S0 00 282 4.. 583 1,181 10,276 l.(il7 103 224 2,632 38 12 26,933 13 47 14 8,650 15 2,833 16 2,539 I 1,562 , 215 1,324 1,432 1,068 924 11,043 30 1,1.84 . 17 1,677 I 18 1,274 19 2,539 20 3,208 ' 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 26,576 10,133 2,195 469 4,016 277 246 1,690 18, 422 50 37,1.53 32 946 33 46 34 26,308 I 35 56 36 560 37 46,705 38 7,404 ' 39 372 ; 40 111 41 Oroup 14 FOUNDRY SUPPLIES. 22 ' 77 $73,309 17 826, 762 60 J46, 557 41 S39,240 19 57,317 378 286 1 1 11 30 18 , 11 5,800 , 9,944 , 30,835 18,920 ! 7,810 1 7 8 23 16 7 6,800 7,292 13, 835 15,340 4,290 4 5 16 13 3 4,800 5,450 12,080 14, 360 2,560 3 3 7 2 4 1,000 1,842 1,755 980 1,740 48 33 132 87 78 42 33 93 74 44 3 7 3 4 2,652 17,000 3,580 3,520 3 4 11 ^1 5 6 Group 14. Flic GOODS. (See also Hats and caps other than I'elt, straw, and wool.) 1,246 1,172 181,228,765 62 8162, 180 1,110 i 19 ' 8 35 1 11 1 13 44 136 2 2 81, 066, .5.85 18,406" 4,, 873 .36,ri.S3 .S30 7,112 900 9,200 40, 774 142,460 3,400 1.700 S74 .?93 1,965 236 8134.620 12,804 6,413 1 20 9 40 8 ^ 10 19 23 47 9 6 8 939 12 36 13 22 18 24 8 44 1 14 1 13 49 142 3 2 33,006 4,875 67,615 850 10,962 900 9,200 46,074 166,960 7,400 1,700 5 14, 600 12 4 26 1 9 1 9 36 124 1 1 14,120 2,917 31, 768 850 6,410 900 7,600 36,638 135,216 2,400 1,200 4 9 4,286 1,958 4,317 215 54 440 34 89 56 211 820 1,363 163 67 8,134 155 268 74 453 181 113 19 236 17 35 35 66 360 1,083 41 51 15 3,772 44 123 33 284 87 2 3 9 31,530 4 5 3 3,8.50 2 702 6 7 4 8 12 1 1 1,700 4,136 7,244 1,000 500 8 5 6 1 4,366 24,, 500 1,000 9 10 11 1:^ 1,^ 776 3 29 6 40 17 800, i 97 2,000 19,800 7,800 36,084 14, 342 26 65,900 7.50 3 29 3 37 14 734, 297 2,000 19, 800 6,000 30,0.84 8, 642 ,593 642,161 157 3 10 92, 136 2,000 6,060 14 15 19 5 '6 14, 730 6,000 24. 233 4.900 Ifi 1 3 3 1,800 6,000 5, 700 17 10 8 3,849 3, 742 18 19 3 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alaska, 1; Colorado, 2; Dakota, 2; Oregon, 2; Rhode Island, 1; South Dakota, 1; Utah, 1; Vermont, ; District of Columbia, 1; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 1; Maine, 2; Montana, 1; North 224 MANUFACTURES. 10 11 12 13 14 15 Hi 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 46 46 50 Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 3.— FOIJNDKV AN» MACHIIVB )SHOI» PKODUCTS— Continued. STATE OR TERRITORY. United states. Alabama. - Arizona. . . Arkansas. California . Colorado. - Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia- Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory Indiana Iowa Kansas Iventucky Louisiana Maine '. Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri WAGE-EARNERS AND "WAGES. Average , waees 348, 380 $196,247,431 Montana.- Nebraska New [lampshire. New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina. . North Dakota. .. Ohio -Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania . . . Rhode Island. .. South Carolina. . South Dakota. . Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia. . . Wisconsin All other states. 2 3 4 5 6 Maryland Mas.'jjic'ha.sett.s Michit^an 10 ' MiniK'Sot 11 Missouri 12 Nebraska 13 New Jersey 14 New York 15 Ohio 16 Pennsylvania 17 Wasliington 18 Wisconsin 19 All other states 4,589 2, 133, 78 57, 363 199, 5,872 4,381, 1,451 1,061, 12,292 7,043, 1,990 1,018, 135 80, 264 138, 3,000 1,254, 58 44, 32, 966 19,785, 45 31, 10,967 6,377, 2,667 1,395, 1,499 882, 1,891 878, 1,608 929, 2,867 1, 446, 3,859 2,361, 31,599 18,333, 12,760 6,797, 2,629 1,654, 516 260, 6,298 3,216, 352 325, 322 195, 1,925 1,0.33, 21,878 12, 424, 58 34, 46, 15B 26,128, 1,110 517, 64 36. 44,014 23,834, 76 45, 757 579, 66,863 31,231, 8,543 4,633, 460 212, 123 124, 3, 189 1,431, 1,988 1,219, 277 198, 1 , 676 927, 1,804 799, 1,445 1,065, 1,137 671, 13,890 7,878, 34 35. Men 16 years and over. Average number. 343, 062 4,573 78 367 5,806 1,437 12, 025 1,973 135 263 2,977 58 32,373 44 10,808 2,632 1,488 1,880 1,607 2,822 3,856 30,978 12,445 2,608 514 5,214 351 321 1,873 21,155 58 44, 410 1,099 64 43, 581 73 762 56, 308 8,280 433 123 3,176 1,981 277 1,673 1,793 1,439 1,123 13,734 34 Wages. 8194, 783, 342 2, 130, 335 57, 097 197,786 4, 367, 827 1,068,692 6,972,435 1,016,070 80, 443 138, 127 1,250,877 44,081 19,601,082 31, 308 5, 340, 677 1,384,214 880,280 876. 178 929, 152 1, 438, 098 2, 360. 686 18, 158, 580 6,731,699 1,548,743 259,931 3, 186, 823 326, 622 194,969 1,016,714 12,207,107 34, 321 25, 904, 483 514, 906 36,713 23,720,880 44, 522 578, 152 31,093,510 4,566,016 209, 375 124, 226 1,429,262 1,217,865 198,014 926, 517 798, 187 1,062,830 667,094 7,838,615 3.p, .522 Women 16 years and over. Average number. 3,244 Wa $999, 953 10 ] 3,658 196 66, 578 486 127 20 2 6 378 152 19 47 463 686 5 252 2 176 189 10 163, 397 31,165 6,967 400 1,200 122, 778 29,346 5,992 16,292 142,273 189,821 948 72, 560 900 64,328 64, 478 1,960 1,224 900 1,400 832 2,304 15, 472 Children under 16 years. Average number. Wages. 2,074] $464,: 16 2,704 1,846 10, 449 3,190 14,742 3,615 1 23 150 3,152 107 1 32 16 9 5 1 2 3 243 163 2 2 58 1 1 6 260 160 12 181 1 5 369 74 7 21,467 250 6,191 4,455 1,880 1,100 192 462 689 51,962 36, 131 200 331 24,058 285 191 1,022 75, 445 34. 541 1,611 40, 676 182 855 73,275 14,039 788 1,456 1,191 1,721 1,723 1,974 24,046 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Hent of works. 968, 399 17, 207 44, 792 1,126,025 286, 140 2,246,119 268, 748 16, 651 23,416 439, 863 7,924 7,694,816 4,321 2,249,744 540,980 306, 147 348, 189 386, 627 316,741 1,090,926 5,461,298 2,383,099 603, 441 73, 873 1,083,272 44, 161 59, 889 307, 1,38 4,448,568 7,434 10,4.53,327 200, 771 13, .340 9, 243, 952 13,041 67, 505 10,996,027 1,622.019 26,629 13,351 474, 664 483,023 18, 962 441,840 210, 167 251,246 143,718 2, 701 , 400 6,623 Taxes, not including internal revenue. $70,236,452 $3,665,570 $3,467,447 4,975 600 3,407 181,811 29,838 78,008 6,020 3,820 2,415 14,387 840 662, 499 i 981 ' 37,942 20, 867 14, 266 15, 698 11,280 7,665 23, 387 393, 499 86, 334 36, 326 1,351 114,117 2,040 8,541 11,622 173, 639 791.887 6,948 3.30 272,054 650 3,605 495, 499 79, 370 3, 419 265 18, 328 22,286 2,662 9,585 19, 438 31,074 6.610 53, 752 744 Group 14.— FOUIVUKV SUPPliIKS— Continued. United States Illinois New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states: ... 315 28 112 76 53 $156,401 300 22,092 13, 522 58, 187 41,300 21,300 46 26 112 76 40 $152, 538 22,092 12, 898 58,187 41,300 18,061 $3, 656 $307 307 $93, 397 15,210 5,731 33,857 20, 772 17,827 .310 I Group 14.— FUR GOODS— Continupi $3, 169, 718 35, 230 5,780 12,689 14,855 37,172 1,427 3,876 50,263 26,575 118,974 15,989 930 2,406 30, 100 901 343, 107 405 110. 180 22, 632 18,236 16,055 5,334 25, 448 34, 497 449,435 145, 344 26, 183 5,651 50,406 3,514 3,158 15, 784 165,911 677 382,964 12, 266 887 608, 396 2,040 10, 762 440.022 91,325 3,649 1,686 27, 562 21,915 3,869 20,219 17,321 23, 574 11,110 156,712 $6, 644 600 2,000 1,060 874 1.400 , 2,073 1,180 1,267 3.070 430 .5781,371 $41,913 24,780 3, 600 4, 550 248 35,254 2.006 1,950 94 2,635 447 2,910 90 14, 840 873 16,311 5,430 26,938 7,079 9. 316 1,005 3,372 1,650 2,784 323 657,291 12, 463 10,980 685 323 2,432 ; 1,624 1,541 GENERAL TABLED. 225 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 3.-FOUNI»RY AND MACHINU SHOP PRODIIOXS-Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- ------ - — ' = PENSES- -cont'd. COS T OF MATERIAL S. 3 USED. Value of Principal n^ateria products, in- cluding cus- Rent of offices, Contract work. Aggregate. Purchased in partially Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- Freight. tom work and repairing. Total Purchased In manufactured raw state. form (includ- ing " all other materials"). $256,585,865 858,939,375 S4, 163,060 S278,074,203 $2M.4~S.W7 J892, 432 812,792,566 81,374,237 83,050,291 84,378,812 3685,901,388 1 915,558 10,694 4,688,163 3,803,089 7.-., 472 3,727,617 179,090 2,808 43,100 560,076 8,839.677 2 36,335 76, 2,60 216, 678 71,796 ; 180, 462 71,795 180,362 3,400 18,578 430 1,657 625 3,930 194,000 , 3 663,870 j 4 1,175 100 12,051 33,716 6, 305, 638 5,744,901 6,328 6,739,573 205,337 98,287 30,961 226, 162 15,440,071 1 5 1,933,485 1,806,130 84 1,806,046 75, 164 21,292 18,516 12,383 4,107,986 ' 6 2,036,352 12,785 6,538,099 5,572,342 66,246 5,507,096 546,248 70,491 245,041 103,977 20,067,953 7 245, 739 2,000 1,555,649 1,397,300 5.742 1,391,558 79,919 5,695 7,218 65, 617 3,432,118 8 2,800 74,007 68,190 68,190 4,186 6,471 63,000 696 530 505 3,902 65,679 222, 450 498,738 5,125,943 9 10 11 18,595 211,323 1,999,602 7,000 898 190, 700 1,841,611 2,474 5,579 776 22,935 376,654 18. 722 1,842,509 6,183 38,889 31,097 27,565,300 31,097 27, 494, 110 4,163 1,554,184 1,805 165,547 752 189,921 1,082 282,250 114,823 73,003,940 12 13 6,271,390 517,820 29.757,202 71,190 2,093 446,988 216 110 65, 705 150 101,199 85,278 14 21,078,675 15 1,983,141 118, 481 9,620.731 8,974,667 34,591 8,940,076 32, 172 461,348 36, 133 2,091,392 1,905,546 2.844 1,902,702 111,799 9,966 15,811 48,270 5,178,126 16 232,890 40,756 1,577.864 1,466,671 260 1,465,411 78,026 6,537 14,582 13,048 3,385,720 : 17 304, 168 12,268 1,800,084 1,704,896 4,401 1,700,495 68, 392 2,329 16,378 9,089 3,979,309 IS 224,471 144,542 1,228,661 1,154,623 4,000 1,150,623 51,730 240 10, 158 11,910 3,149,209 19 280, 878 2,750 1,845,040 1,731,936 8,555 1,723,381 70,688 15,923 15,810 10,783 4, 462, 757 20 1,001,281 31,760 2,901,678 2,707,185 8,766 2,698,419 141,257 3,739 36,056 13, 441 .8,525,583 21 4,324,843 293,521 20, 700, 746 19,290,893 57,869 19,233,024 764, <64 123,924 323,314 198,151 55,071,239 22 1,835,276 316, 145 10,446,297 9,703,677 128, 397 9,575,280 418, 262 31,019 84,2<,2 209,047 24, 178, 321 23 458,632 82,300 2,614,876 2,397,823 137 2,397,686 124, 425 14,202 25, 764 52,662 6,246,184 24 60,572 6,299 356, 292 335,938 335, 938 9,522 244,632 4 075 1,767 4,990 42,743 919,940 10,917,476 0(^ 893, 156 25,593 4,304,467 3,943,831 4,066 3,939,766 25,976 47, 275 26 38,607 362, 686 313,306 257,333 1,034,152 1 166 312, 140 257,263 1,031,696 37, 930 8,624 35,614 2,868 1 401 7 181 871,590 27 753,011 28 3,081,993 1.29 48, 190 282, 106 9,399 14,162 266. 746 13,086 1,107.871 2,456 17,142 6,801 4,037.008 52,010 16,731.258 15,516,684 51", 020 15,465,664 829,092 53,794 193,605 138, 083 41,639,644 1 30 6,7o, 22.500 16,999 16,999 3,386 1,200 298, 175 915 70,618 31 8.624,917 653,559 33,600,691 30,896,891 102, 291 30, 794, 600 1,649,644 331,400 424,581 91,432,923 ,32 127,367 54, 190 1,240,005 1, 122, 784 286 1,122,498 43,389 7,325 17,580 48,927 2, 464, 555 33 12, 123 51,565 42, 563 42,563 33,465,248 1,400 367 2,058 561,467 8.025,688 437, 814 36,101,419 33,554,679 89,431 1,520,310 78,025 386,938 85,969,929 .35 9,051 1,300 51,605 43,652 30 43,522 5,445 1,210 416 982 147,887 36 49,347 3,791 619,820 557,980 1,710 556,270 34,617 12,765 10,227 4,231 1,531,675 37 9,285,333 774, 173 48,149,886 44,743,777 86,650 44,657,127 2,062,432 100,814 644, 462 598,401 112,856,748 38 1, 179, 198 272. 126 4,898,037 4, 476, 477 21,115 4,455,362 202,612 56,810 62,527 99,611 13,959,283 39 19,561 100 171, 388 146, 791 146, 791 17, 521 780 1,948 380 4,348 542,059 ! 40 220 916 1 41 11,500 54,277 44, 243 773 43,470 2,488,710 9,570 113,292 84 398,232 30,442 2,717,840 2,494,598 6.888 7,746 12,740 89, 464 5, 830, 1)78 42 420,768 18,054 2,188,499 2,025,094 600 2,024,494 99,640 12, 280 10,347 41,138 4,952.827 43 12,431 20 248,203 217, 810 217,810 15,031 4,243 699 10,420 587, 484 44 405,170 6,866 869,066 782,026 2,680 779,346 41,462 6,594 17,232 21, 742 3,183,920 ' 45 161,588 11,820 1,102,963 975,573 14,451 961, 122 72, 330 6,325 5,527 43,198 2,767,656 ; 40 183,448 13, 150 1,762,995 1,636,448 454 1,635,994 44,048 31,064 9,120 42,315 3,862,279 1 47 125,448 550 1,315,449 1,204,212 4,600 1,199,612 52,194 675 33,979 24, 489 2,673,770-' 48 2.394,230 96,706 11,677,021 10, 718, 161 21,815 10,696,346 616,237 19,272 80,007 143,344 27,463,334 49 5,070 39,842 37, 104 37, 104 1,061 1,397 160 130 96, 322 ."^n 81,877,947 ! Group 14.— FOUNDKlt' SUPPLIES— Continued. 879,443 ! 8624,812 S.584.739 8318,148 8266,591 .?22,007 83,540 84,316 810, 210 81,058,834 1 12.610 1 1 174, 715 46,616 220,236 113,032 70,214 168,490 44,464 201,997 103,944 66, 844 86,000 17,460 113,780 85, 154 16,754 83,490 27,004 88,217 18,790 1 49,090 5,226 1.739 4,648 7,760 2,645 1,000 173 1,590 1,338 215 232,500 96, 102 360,714 t 230,516 139,002 2 3.797 180 3,000 60 9,000 3 30,384 • . 4 18, 325 5 14,327 360 1,150 6 14, 485 3,436 81,835 2,689 13,898 3,797 23, 638 124,976 214, 472 17,518 1,718 5,269 1,223,641 31,435 6,336 84,791 14, 223 .5468, 487 32 12,520 5,000 28, 877 1,323 150 404, 085 3,200 3,253 9,547 500 Group 14 FUK GOODS— Continued. 821,204,391 281,927 41,245 819, 026 28,264 97,944 76, 256 248, 921 1,036,134 2,011,528 106, 625 64, 483 22, 612 15,238,640 129, 168 372,976 52, 527 451,674 124,441 821,092,328 279,047 40,888 813, 345 27, 898 95,278 76, 127 247,230 1,017,365 1,997,244 105, 165 62, 325 22,273 16, 193, 483 128, 621 371,070 51, 751 441,634 121, 684 84,411,740 115,275 15,596 127,680 1,200 48, 200 1,000 612,553 1,011,597 13,800 2,175,4 122,656 16,000 130, 469 19,475 816,680,588 163, 772 25.292 085.665 26.698 47,078 75,127 247. 230 404,812 985,647 91,305 61,. 575 22, 273 13,017,984 128, 521 248, 414 35, 751 311,175 102,209 831,819 20 187 666 110 ,173 5,031 951 625 356 156 17, 387 150 420 191 2,834 603 1,498 145 1.940 50 , 118 1,347 1,901 7,095 748 im 61) 16,413 477 796 520 2.566 1,060 1,595 61 70 176 157 1,340 ,?34.135 I 837,123,129 1 1,360 25 3,114 136 200 11,6 4,8 13 123 1,010 6, 193 20 5,164 690 15 2,")4 50 4,386 1,010 681,608 96,266 1,431,858 57, 120 184, 175 3 4 5 6 118,699 464.220 1,771,435 3,378,731 232, 645 8 9 10 11 115, 7.30 • 62, 080 26,244,346 240, 186 718,097 132, 152 909,350 284, 411 MFCS FT 1 — 07- -15 226 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES. BY Group 2.— FURNISHING GOODS, MSN'S. CSee also Collars and cuff's; Shirts.) STATE OB TERRITORY. United States California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Wisconsin All other states i. . . Number of estab- lish- ments. 603 235 38 43 4 6 4 14 Total. $16, 116, 705 60, 099 48,911 1,819,050 327, 297 89,009 47, 074 13, 640 611,002 1, 328, 906 40,971 79, 700 176,669 55,213 1, 736, 268 7, 416, 536 1, 063, 744 972, 722 59, 837 62,929 9,107 109, 132 Land. S855, 230 625 239, 115 12, 400 4,500 100 340 43, 500 5,000 "'ii,'666 39,000 463.900 19, 500 7,460 6,800 100 "i'm Buildings. $1,272,630 4,000 434, 144 27, 300 16,500 1,500 2,200 3,300 103, 400 15, 000 "i2,'666' 136, 245 408, 700 64, 641 36, 100 li,700 600 1,200 Machinery, tools, and implements. $1, 317, 260 4,351 7,769 63,600 59,360 16, 125 8,000 2,500 69, 469 115, 020 5,260 6,600 10,075 16, 635 154, 285 427,628 135,979 196, 326 6,913 6,200 2,365 14,830 Cash and sun- dries. S12, 671, 686 55, 748 36, 617 1,082,191 228, 247 62,884 37, 474 8,600 648, 233 1,066,986 36,721 64, 100 166, 494 15, 578 1, 406, 728 6, 116, 308 843,624 733, 846 39,424 46,029 6,752 91,202 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 255 Total horse- power. 11 277 267 45 4 459 685 308 182 Group 4 — FURNITURE. United States. Alabama Arkansas California . . . Colorado Connecticut . Georgia. Illinois.. Indiana. Iowa Kansas. . Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts. 17 Michigan.. 18 Minnesota . 19 I Mississippi. 20 I Missf)uri. . . 21 Nebraska.. New Hampshire. New -Tersey New York North Carolina -- Ohio 27 Oregon 28 Pennsylvania.. 29 Rhode' Island... 30 South Carolina. 31 Tennessee . 32 Texas 33 Vermont . . 34 I Virginia — yi Wasiiington 36 West Virginia... 37 Wisconsin 38 All other states - 2,482 14 87 11 19 32 202 180 35 12 34 10 11 61 126 134 51 6 69 6 27 32 511 105 206 18 222 4 40 12 23 26 23 19 100 10 $152, 712, 732 110, 780 846, .392 2,441,491 166,960 292, 361 1,903,924 16, 936, 222 11,663,119 1,343,095 305, 986 1,219,897 645, 900 414, 094 2, 291, 266 13, 637, 808 15, 797, 769 2,250,669 404, 534 4, 406, 840 124, 616 923, 537 1, 196, 883 21,926,871 4, 621, 994 12, 948, 855 785,713 10,648,973 30, 783 162, 794 2, 779, 903 284, 001 1,496,097 762, 736 365, 928 769, 204 16, 610, 777 304, 971 9, 733, 475 18, 200 34, 490 117, 560 34, 000 26, 900 124, 821 1, 139, 399 622, 869 107, 159 20, 150 116,563 107, 000 64, 184 119,412 656,011 782, 018 170, 660 11, 498 386,426 3,200 60,000 119, 150 1,724,863 187,288 • 943, 371 23, .300 618, 792 5,013 189, 735 9,937 50, 200 38, 951 21,626 76, 860 1,104,000 20, 000 $25,338,085 14, 550 138, 171 261, 324 32,000 59, 662 288, 451 2, 536, 168 2, 114, 876 250, 845 52, 776 204, 445 131,098 71,150 447, 382 1, 677, 375 2,979,806 399, 688 89,914 667,0.51 25, 600 165,992 271,871 3, 419, 123 568, 939 2,385,173 68, 000 1,921,124 4,000 35,016 408, 162 36, 177 362, 149 119, 086 56, 900 150, 328 2, 892, 526 31, 300 $25, 367, 870 28, 766 193,030 227,959 29,850 71,053 360, 644 1, 978, 138 2, 224, 646 200, 227 87, 130 222, 375 86, 675 63, 004 284, 476 1,631,286 2, 139, 388 310, 061 81, 610 538,930 7,506 147, 694 198, 186 3,839,544 976, 762 2,141,677 137, 197 1,764,939 8,439 47, 836 491, 366 66,899 369,279 161,142 88,000 190, 209 3,979,219 22, 941 $92, 273, 302 49, 274 480, 701 1, 834, 668 71, 100 134, 746 1, 140, 008 11,282,517 6, 700, 838 784, 864 145,931 676, 614 321, 127 226, 766 1,439,996 9, 773, 137 9, 896, 568 1,370,470 221.512 2,815,433 8S, 311 6.59,951 607, 676 12,942,341 2,889,005 7, 478, 634 667, 216 6, 344, 118 18, 344 74,929 1,690,661 180,988 724, 469 443, 567 199, 403 342,807 7,535,032 230, 730 2,037 168, 488 8 265 14 1,164 68 1,733 9 164 16 541 29 2,415 16V 15,887 166 15,765 31 1,605 11 641 28 2,362 9 689 9 316 42 3,002 lOV 8,787 129 19, 449 40 2,316 5 470 68 4,912 3 63 25 1,847 25 944 362 20,691 96 9,142 177 15, 492 14 699 172 12.171 3 25 5 435 ,38 3,902 9 423 21 3,191 24 1,502 16 677 14 971 91 13,727 V 143 , ,; Includes establishments distribiited as foUows: Georgia, 2; Kentucky, 2; Louisiana, 1; New Hampshire, 1; North Carolina,- 2; South Carolina, 2" South Dakota 1; Utah, 1; Vermont, 1; West Virginia, 1. / . j , «* GENERAL TABLES. 227 STATES AND TERRTrORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 2.— FURNISHllVG GOODS, MEN'S. (See also Collars and culTs; Shirts.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EAKNEES. Aggregate. Officers of corcorations. General superintendents, managers. Clerks, etc Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Number. Total. Men. \V omen. Number. Salaries. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. 1,149 Salaries. Number. Salaries. 639 1,880 51,520,739 97 8194,435 1,783 81,326,304 $1,062,409 634 $263,895 19,668 13,098 I 10 12 246 35 15 1 9,832 7 2'^2 179i 124 26, 342 9.766 360 12 5 237 28 11 1 9,832 4,822 159,512 19,942 7,266 360 10 3 152 19 7 1 8,762 3,592 118,643 16, 162 .5,880 360 2 4 1,080 1,230 40,869 3,790 1,386 133 23 1,926 1,065 163 101 27 997 1,130 89 73 228 111 2,222 7,606 1,714 1,616 182 76 11 166 68 10 1,328 689 90 71 13 362 684 62 44 134 66 1,973 4,814 1,237 1,239 136 55 11 112 2 2, 400 9 , 19,612 •7 , 6,400 4 2,500 3 4 5 6 7 45 16 4 S i) 24 29 5 9 12 6 1.5 .'*9 4 9 58 119 17 9 29 27. 278 119, 247 10, 575 7,674 25, 780 5 i6,'454' 58 114 17 8 24 27,278 108,793 10,575 6,174 18,680 39 90 12 7 18 21,960 97,231 8,125 6,774 15,980 19 24 5 1 6 5, 328 11,. 562 2,460 400 2,700 9 10 1 1 1,500 6 1 7,100 12 13 14 51 959 134 152 6 10 2 IS 59. 193 772. 471 lOS. 714 126, 22« 4,300 7.168 1.060 18,405 23 21 7 1 4 3,900 83, 044 26, 155 20.060 1,000 3,360 47 936 113 146 5 6 2 14 55,293 689, 427 82,559 106, 168 3,300 3,808 1,060 11, 455 42 564 61 108 1 2 1 ■ 12 52, 493 540,063 58,773 93,606 1,500 2.680 600 10,256 5 372 52 37 4 4 1 2 2,800 149,364 23,786 12, 662 1,800 1,128 460 1,200 IS 16 17 18 19 20 01 4 6,9.50 22 Group 4 FURNITUKE. 2.194 8.309 89.131.357 1,589 33,007,327 6, 720 $6, 124, 030 6,516 $5, 551, 456 1,204 $572,574 128,649 92,514 1 11 4 82 10 14 4 43 102 19 31 2,336 43,493 113, 627 21, 520 29,724 1 12 18 1 6 600 16, 480 27,287 600 7,800 3 31 84 18 25 1,736 27,013 86,340 21, 020 21,924 3 27 63 16 19 1,736 26,389 74,699 19,100 20, 161 156 828 1,576 166 361 113 467 926 143 214 o 4 21 2 6 1,624 11,641 1,920 1,773 3 4 5 6 24 136 ,st; 23 11 127 1,064 673 153 22 149.440 1,225,834 728, 613 132, 411 25, 192 40 168 178 32 2 72,800 439,859 305, 206 40,580 2,100 87 896 496 121 20 76,640 785, 976 423, 407 91,831 23,092 77 727 399 109 17 70,940 703, 063 382,979 87,219 21,900 10 169 96 12 3 5,700 82,912 40,428 4,612 1,192 2,150 13,979 11, 147 1,028 314 1,445 10,511 8,148 767 124 7 8 9 10 11 28 9 7 63 160 75 30 19 182 .362 73,833 30,997 21, 582 198,494 446, 2.34 21 4 3 21 37 31, 160 9,352 2,300 63,010 101, 700 64 26 16 161 325 42,673 21,645 19, 282 135, 484 344, 634 42 23 11 139 250 36,935 20, 716 17, 300 126,806 306,236 12 3 5 22 76 5,738 930 1,982 8,679 39,299 1,325 560 309 2,610 7,495 968 401 199 2,009 6,698 12 13 14 15 16 92 45 S 43 7 880 167 20 295 9 1,064,123 162,768 19,258 333,218 6,790 141 33 4 70 2 338,829 48,060 6,900 128, 606 1,800 739 134 16 226 7 725, 294 114,698 12, 358 204,712 4,990 579 107 15 198 6 654, 701 102,002 12, 108 193,074 3,880 160 27 1 27 70,693 12, 696 250 11, 638 1,110 15, 116 1,749 362 3,107 126 11,267 1,111 181 2,207 87 19 20 21 29 36 610 43 165 56 64 1,231 286 801 53,040 98,039 1, 463, 370 236,350 797, 622 11 197 109 184 10,500 30,624 422, 165 107,026 303, 247 49 63 1,034 177 617 42, 540 67, 515 1,041,205 129, 324 494, 375 41 46 880 153 480 39,052 64, 393 966,0.57 121,281 429, 432 8 164 24 137 3,488 3,122 75, 148 8,043 64,943 678 929 19, 466 6,160 9,509 449 697 12,924 4,347 7,272 22 23 24 26 26 20 241 5 3 41 627 43,974 602,955 2,462 10,960 5 100 7,380 155,963 36 627 3 U 36,594 446,992 2,462 8,060 25 456 3 10 30, 247 416,417 2,462 7,960 11 71 6,347 30, 576 603 9,442 36 255 361 6,650 29 217 27 28 09 3 2,900 1 90 30 25 7 14 20 146 20 70 53 1.57,881 21,000 81,474 44,864 44 10 19 20 66, 750 11, 100 37, 200 20,537 102 10 51 33 91, 131 9,900 44,274 24, 317 84 10 34 28 80,506 9,900 35,033 22, 284 18 10, 626 3,106 354 1,284 879 2,095 233 1, 003 583 31 30 17 6 9.241 2,033 33 34 28 12 65 11 21 34 549 16 22,146 37, 492 617,393 10, 878 21 22 476 16 22, 146 19,872 449,007 9,678 17 14 397 12 20,736 16,420 400,735 8,610 4 8 79 3 1,410 3,452 48,272 1,068 374 682 10, 437 124 258 ,36 12 73 1 i7, 620 168,386 1,200 407 8.023 90 36 37 38 ^Includes establishments distributed as follows: Delaware, 1; District of Columbia, 2; Florida, 1; Indian Territory, 1; Oklahoma, 1; South Dakota, 2; Utah, 2. 228 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 2.— FUKNISHING GOODS, MKN'S— Continued. STATE OK TERRITORY. ; WAGE-EAENEKS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. I Total. i Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States 16,399 85,092,915 2,317 81,2.52,157 13, 728 S3, 786, 515 364 $55,243 S3, 497, 135 S469,138 $38, 642 ■» 92 16 1,647 780 103 72 15 752 921 76 53 163 88 2,116 6,258 1,442 1, 457 163 65 11 112 36,930 3,668 581,364 186,333 29,724 21,664 4,061 194,000 348,280 26,271 13,288 38,646 28, 696 489.036 2,184,391 341,688 477,898 47,800 14,134 1,883 24, 463 21 2 172 36 12 10 2 73 217 10 2 21 13 121 1,227 130 210 10 12 2 14 12,682 664 104, 074 14,586 5,193 3,267 1,366 27, 771 123,607 4,363 322 10,343 6,660 59,036 690,208 63,435 110, 719 5,500 3,491 247 4,743 69 13 1,438 728 90 61 13 669 699 64 48 142 75 1,923 4,960 1,286 1,152 153 61 8 96 23,932 2,904 469,916 170, 104 24, 402 18,283 2,696 161,998 223, 792 20, 762 12,668 28, 302 21.935 419,292 1,481,345 272,353 367, 083 42,300 10, 418 1,486 19,545 2 416 35,850 2,860 450,418 46, 184 17,430 4,585 1,993 124,876 273,688 14, 778 7,869 42,391 2,390 89,603 2,012,706 173, 978 144,843 7,712 4,686 1,863 36,633 9,410 420 48,964 3,873 933 967 420 21,518 22, 529 2,000 1,817 7,356 600 4,506 292, 147 14, 826 30,407 1.438 1,300 887 2,821 443 49 4,751 1,103 468 208 50 1,628 11,624 158 252 324 419 2,108 10, ,342 2,693 1,009 266 136 67 554 ■^ Connecticut Illinois. 4 37 16 1 1 7,374 1,643 129 124 5 6 Iowa 7 s 9 Maryland 20 5 1 3 4,231 881 156 298 10 11 1'' 13 14 !■; 71 71 26 95 10,707 12,838 5,800 10,096 16 17 IS Ohio 19 20 ''1 Tennessee 2 1 2 225 1,50 175 09 All other states. . - Group 4.— FUK.NIXURE— Continued. United States. .Mabama Arkansas.. . Calif ornia... Colorado Coimecticut . Georgia. Illinois . . Indiana. Iowa Kansas . . Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan... Minnesota. . Mississippi. Missouri- - - Nebraska. . New Hampshire. New Jersey New York North Carolina. - Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania. . Rhode Island. . South Carolina. Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia. .- Wisconsin All other states. 110,133 119 686 1,190 157 283 1,828 12,266 9,731 858 265 1,103 430 237 2,280 6,537 13, 260 1,475 262 2,713 106 548 801 16,113 5,164 8,420 425 7,847 31 140 2,610 290 1,112 713 306 608 9,212 107 S49,883,235 256, 184 884, 575 137,141 166, 367 504, 078 6,637,897 3,929,183 370,217 110,661 437, 722 176, 866 lis, 106 969, 493 3, 300, 068 5,938.312 691,389 85,313 1,368,179 45,226 245, 997 440,225 8,442,294 1,310,738 3, 771, 461 233, 466 3, 492, 355 25, 430 46, 943 923, 102 146, 257 423,996 228, 613 173,962 197, 179 3,549,758 77, 484 104, 206 110 615 1,145 165 279 1,631 11,909 9,000 815 226 1,067 421 232 2,118 5,837 12,589 1, 455 242 2,531 96 533 71 ill 15, liliS 4,732 8,049 414 7,514 31 133 2. 482 273 1.0!I7 653 297 500 8,494 101 848. 495, 634 36, 948 245, 753 865, 706 136. 437 166, 330 474. 561 6,542,146 3,799,266 368, 299 103,846 432,032 175, 266 117,202 931,914 3, 086, 240 5, 763, 702 686, 155 83,013 1,325,015 41,282 242,860 428, 823 8,282,467 1,259,694 3, 678, 606 229, 431 3, 407, 506 25, 430 45, 081 895, 717 141,680 419,689 219, 569 171,648 195.644 ' 3,409,042 73,6.54 3, 165 24 35 1 3 51 207 ,520 23 4 17 ,599 286 20 3 46 6 32 369 46 335 10 120 6 343 3,544 15,715 600 797 9.388 63,211 93,048 6,687 693 5,125 190, 817 87,109 6,234 300 15,971 3,580 1,083 10. 760 144, 105 4,550 85, 995 3,925 31, 148 3,23:', l,.53li 3,219 1,141 2,158 1,235 78,045 3,830 47 10 1 1 146 150 211 20 1 146 101 17 136 2 10 3 79 386 36 1 213 116 13 4 65 1 2 375 2,150 6,887 3,164 104 240 20, 129 32,. 540 36, 879 5,231 6,815 4,485 1,600 211 22, 454 23,011 87, 501 2,000 27, 193 364 2,064 15, 722 46. 494 6,81.0 110 63,701 S16,719,082 862 24, 152 2,041 1,088 7,803 1,50 300 62, 671 3,078 85, 803 198, 181 24, 097 41,279 265, 744 2, 356, 380 1, 410, 138 154, 161 64, 137 140,663 25, 756 36,293 288, 172 885, 358 1,820,345 321,644 20, 974 409,719 19, 440 121, 498 130,223 2,850,994 368, 724 1,557,032 82,698 1,200,666 4,269 14, 129 353. 336 31.625 95, 1 72 66. 909 35, 368 63. 219 1,165,674 26,194 SI, 401, 452 187 3,222 62,028 7,936 4.904 10, 661 262, 233 36, 460 8,950 1,368 5,315 2,362 2,729 53, 691 92, 480 35,998 19, 838 224 50, 659 403 4,419 9,912 472,110 1,760 90,209 5,332 100,002 2,661 10,352 4,695 4,301 2,851 5,340 628 31,939 3. 283 S739, 167 447 2, ,502 8,203 1,212 1,870 9,497 74, 259 70. 172 8,158 2,062 7,107 753 1,808 15, 411 66, 132 125, 439 15,951 922 23, 686 490 3,439 5,596 63. 503 24,831 76,008 6,102 23, 549 325 726 13, 892 1,260 3,340 2,367 2,623 3,0.22 70,668 1,855 GENERAL TABLES. 229 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Uroiip U — FURNISHIIVU 12 33 5 3 11 7 6 15 98 13 34 5 1 3 6 12 407,634 1,617,840 92,851 19,137 106,364 61,300 246,419 9,659,819 4,378,282 637,317 1,424,964 69,290 52,750 281,821 1,151,179 91,200 25,700 4,000 5,000 1,000 10,000 51,100 68,360 14,000 1,200 3,000 6,000 33, 164 302,409 11,601 3,. 500 33,900 9,700 73,637 139,483 787,884 81,492 3a5,956 21,000 5,250 38,188 89,650 232, 170 1,221,371 63,250 9,437 68,454 35,600 172,782 9,480,658 3,082,601 485,925 894,434 38,290 47,600 221,843 949,629 10 29 5 3 10 6 6 14 81 9 30 5 3 6 12 156 893 93 18 44 25 245 431 1,799 543 703 73 30 77 717 3 Illinois .. 4 5 6 7 Minnesota 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 7,600 244,300 26,000 78,450 3,000 32,078 263,497 43,900 66,124 7,000 Ohio Pennsylvania Washington 3,800 34,000 17,990 78,000 All other states ■* United States. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia. Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire. New Jersey New York North Carolina- - North Dakota.. - Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania. . . Rhode Island. . . South Carolina. South Dakota. . Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia. . . Wisconsin , All other states ■" 1,019 13 3 10 53 8 26 4 3 11 12 64 43 60 22 17 4 15 12 64 46 ]6 5 28 25 13 38 100 12 58 1 5l 5 90 6 4 7 11 19 3 6 19 7 7 33 8725,035,204 926,694 127,582 1,438,090 31,285,728 6,307,147 11,035,535 708,397 6,201,349 1,347,622 5,832,018 97,119,203 11,971,606 8,314,612 2,021,627 5,391,044 2,194,816 2,0.58,409 21,226,931 33,174,483 19,712,110 11,389,659 305,375 43,646,652 6,978,982' 1,789,973 37,595,791 224,340,734 614,951 431,620 25,080,921 1,232,205 2,472,934 67,063,699 5,792,906 1,153,124 654,220 2,185,096 2,230,534 851,850 458,7.34 2,747,006 7,633,042 675,908 18,868,572 546,713 $59,585,564 76,434 3,600 265,844 2,362,941 732,595 503,150 35,900 814,875 57,002 930,582 3,539,041 708,632 415,658 163,285 297,241 47,284 204,950 1,045,829 3,468,702 2,034,707 501,721 13,058 1,294,766 334, 198 44,350 1,608,064 27,624,517 35,584 13, 102 1,821,. 502 83,400 439,074 4, 485,. 502 723,850 48,000 28,250 306,528 258,566 75,300 18,200 136,749 530,657 118,800 1,287,774 45,200 885,929,463 137,661 8,000 724, 104 2,9.50,369 775,723 1,138,334 12l'i,i;00 621,llli 77,294 72C..144 7,133,103 1,134,579 589,942 211,461 391,720 92,604 280,586 1,084,471 6,370,473 4,175,957 613,707 18,382 2,993,318 192,590 169,900 2,701,834 36,315,490 52,866 18,360 3,069,321 238,050 234,570 7,880,451 455,7.50 97,067 81,249 195,972 184,924 15,1)00 46,344 346,616 104,100 40,500 1,046,461 66,400 .8449,220,223 630,711 112,407 328,086 23,779,062 4,458,883 8,442,886 496,950 4,230,116 1,065,220 3,999,096 36,104,661 8,643,068 6,606,758 1,469,096 4,206,893 1,684,524 1,251,393 18,277,837 19,640,544 12,231,040 7,471,890 217,903 36,434,706 6,101,951 1,347,862 31,324,030 130,234,779 3,50,6.50 286,415 17,622,951 836,450 1,259,738 32,434,459 3,245,963 845,891 476,138 1,139,417 1,300,032 732,950 333,091 1,602,861 6,445,778 477,4,55 8,688,582 343,050 8130,299,954 3,575 120,056 2,193,356 " 339,946 951,165 48,947 .529,242 148,106 176,196 50,342,398 1,486,327 702,254 177,785 495, 190 370,404 321,480 818,794 3,694,764 1,270,406 2,802,341 55,432 2,923,862 350.243 227,861 1,961,863 30,165,948 75,&51 113,743 2,567,147 74,305 539,562 12,263,287 1,367,343 162,166 68,583 543,179 487,012 28,600 61,099 660,780 662,507 39, 153 7,845,755 92,063 76,625 1,379 39 475 3,833 418 2,248 105 1,414 522 587 5,711 1,973 970 2,027 792 152 171 1,361 5, .571 2,387 1,336 111 3,450 1,461 265 2,885 16,086 309 1,955 2,052 43 208 6,842 652 43 115 624 325 217 187 358 454 58 3,402 52 'Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colnmdo, 1; Iowa, 2; Missouri. 1; Nebraska, 1; New Jersey, 2; Ohio. 1; Pennsylvania, 1; Texas, 2; Utah 1- Wyoming, 1. ' ' ' 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 1; Connecticut, 1; Maine, 1; Maryland, 2; Michigan, 1; New Jersey, 2; Ohio, 2; West Virginia, 1- Wisconsin, 1. ■ • , GENERAL TABLES. 231 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued. Group 14 FIFRS, BRKSSED. Proprie- tors and film mem- he rs. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNERS. Aggregate. Offleersol corporations. S:iliirifS. Cieni'ral superintendents, managers, clerics, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Mm. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Number. Salaries. 889,756 Numljer. 83 Salaries. Number. Salaries. 109 b 5 11 64 6 17 110 S109.756 $20,000 103 S70,722 5,000 20 $10,034 1,503 698 1 6 10.630 1 5.000 : 5 5,030 4 1 630 65 35 191 985 51 176 14 11 112 427 26 108 2 3 42 23. 540 50 61,590 2 1.144 10 , 12.8.32 42 44 10 23, 540 46, 590 1,144 12,852 29 40 1 9 16,700 44, 638 832 12,. W2 13 4 1 1 6.840 1,952 312 300 4 6 15.000 5 7 34 10 4 11 4 167 ^4 $191,635 24. 250 34.890 127.807 $68, 604 1,500 8,190 16, 239 42, 675 Group 10. 136 11 19 103 -GAL.VANIZIIMG. 120 $123,031 3,188 16, 060 18, 651 85, 132 $115,791 ^' 3,l88" 16, 060 18, 623 77,920 $7, 240 28 7,212 69 17 159 507 801 48 2 10 3 120 4 266 5 520 6 Group 10.- -GAS AND LAMP FIXTUJKES. (See also I 27 23,895 4 9,300 23 14, 595 18 12,801 5 1,794 178 138 15 8 120 131.. 538 8 21,700 112 109,838 93 101,037 19 8,801 1,126 965 16 Group 8.— GAS, 1L,1.UMI1VAT1NG AND HEATING. (See also special i •eport on Chenilca Is.) 9,406 S8, 463, 699 948 $1,488,401 8,458 $6,975,298 7,526 $6,559,283 932 $416,015 40, 571 24,742 1 57 3 29 454 138 208 40 46 34 88 1,095 202 164 63 92 78 .56 1S.S .378 380 . 86 24 585 70 35 786 1,721 40 12 427 14 18 1,068 62 1 "* ' 14 50 81 ! 1^ 81 89 15 273 22 38, 081 2,520 23, 184 390, 559 90,704 189,850 32, 209 107.555 26, 372 73, 516 1,343,669 171,781 138,706 45, 119 95,258 64,091 37,697 177, 474 424, 656 260,309 78,741 12, 486 236, 141 59, 159 27,732 535,831 1,858,943 19, 546 10, 980 366, 131 7,436 23, 475 845,998 79, .511 10, 558 9,450 57,837 77, 637 6,725 12,689 63,649 74,097 12, 100 221,, 384 22, 153 11 1 5 44 3 36 3 9 5 14 64 34 25 16 20 7 16 11 84 40 5 5 30 12 8 101 107 9 2 65 2 3 63 15 3 2 8 14 2 1 13 8 2 1 8,766 780 4,284 40,830 7,400 56, 438 5,620 46,800 6,100 16,950 97, 514 51,565 28, 478 12,580 35,760 18,036 10,835 15,916 157,675 56,325 12, 412 3,252 38,600 15,026 1,520 113,815 293,032 5,725 3,080 100,625 1,700 5, 325 74.681 20,685 2,175 150 15.860 23,250 2,465 1,200 11,026 11,641 1,380 48,717 2,507 46 ■ 29,315 2 ' 1,740 24 ' 18,900 410 i 349,729 135 i 83,304 172 1 133,412 37 j 26,689 37 1 60,755 29 20,272 74 56, 566 42 2 21 386 105 129 34 30 26 64 952 147 121 38 54 68 34 162 226 221 72 15 453 56 22 666 1,495 27 8 318 11 14 945 43 11 9 40 66 5 13 65 74 13 204 19 27,892 1,740 17,976 339,216 72,005 112,307 25, 609 56, 075 19,072 50, 986 1,212,621 111,576 101,878 28, 651 50,483 44,615 24, 562 153,900 233,909 153, 290 61,299 8,776 149, 775 43, 173 24, 986 413, 366 1,509,248 12,911 7,348 239,214 5,576 17,198 750,041 56, 226 7,620 7,350 40,897 54,087 4,260 10, 370 51,423 59, 936 10,720 156,174 19,046 4 1,423 152 7 221 986 144 838 81 605 174 585 3,546 804 693 295 539 277 156 309 2,764 1,777 840 94 3,424 380 184 1,844 8,350 140 10 2,699 30 33 4,073 531 121 82 488 187 77 49 366 151 142 1,353 70 120 7 100 770 98 493 66 320 69 408 2,498 500 354 153 339 192 77 158 1,329 847 372 48 1,512 232 120 1,048 6,154 87 10 1,906 2 3 1 1 3 24 30 43 3 3 10 79 21 18 9 18 3 6 15 68 119 9 4 102 2 5 19 119 4 2 54 1 1 60 4 2 3 2 1 924 10, 513 11,299 21, 105 1,080 4,680 1,200 5,580 33,634 8,640 8,350 3,888 9,015 1,440 2,300 7,658 33,072 50,694 5,030 458 47,766 960 1,226 8,650 56,663 910 552 26,292 160 952 21.276 2,600 763 1,950 1,080 300 4 5 6 1 7 8 9 10 11 10 3 4 10 1,031 168 139 47 72 71 40 177 294 340 81 19 555 58 27 685 1,614 31 10 372 12 15 1,005 47 13 12 42 67 5 16 68 81 13 246 20 1,246,155 120,216 110, 228 32, 5.39 59, 498 46,055 26, 862 161, 558 266,981 203,984 66, 329 9,234 197, 541 44, 133 26,212 422,016 1,565,911 13,821 7,900 265, 506 5,736 18,150 771,317 58, 826 8,383 9,300 41.977 54,387 4,260 11, 489 52, 623 62, 456 10,720 172, 667 19,646 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 19 20 3 5 21 22 23 24 14 25 26 27 5 1 1 28 29 30 31 18 32 32 1 33 3 2,276 : 34 405 35 93 36 37 ' 37 4 1 279 145 29 38 39 40 3 3 7 1,119 1,200 2,520 19 41 1 ^^ 213 [ 42 99 43 70 44 41 1 16, 493 600 611 ! 45 29 ' 46 ^Includes establishments distributed as lollows; Colorado, 2; Connecticut, 2; Iowa, 1; Kentucky, 1; Maryland, 2; Michigan, 1; Nebraska, 1; Tennessee, ' Includes establishments distributed as follows: Idaho, I; Indian Territory, 1: Montana, 2; Nevada, 2; New Mexico, 1: Wyomin?, 1. 232 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Qroup 14 FUKS, DRESSED— Continued. STATE OR TERRITORY. WAGE-EARNERS AND "WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS E.XPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Cliildren under 16 years. Total. 1 Rent of worlis. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States Illinois 1, 105 8754,988 1,044 8733, 474 62 S19, 649 9 .81,865 .«206, 363 142,679 S6,969 ■> 38 20 138 738 38 133 26,981 11,508 91,098 516, 645 19,378 89, 378 34 12 129 718 37 114 26,265 9,308 87, 835 509,609 19,066 82 491 4 6 9 19 1 13 1,716 1,900 3,263 6,786 312 6,672 16, 156 2,417 27,263 122, 433 3,494 34,601 2,730 1,620 1,160 33, 578 500 2,991 278 55 1,996 2,576 221 1,834 f Michigan. 2 300 4 Minnesota 5 New Yorlc . . . . 1 360 6 Wisconsin 7 All otiier states 6 1,215 Group 1 0.— GAIi VANIZING- -Continued. 1 United States Illinois 1,256 8620,012 1,207 8606,369 18 S4,872 31 88, 781 8136, 072 826, 141 87,125 o 55 14 138 354 696 29,643 8,870 75, 529 178,366 327,616 55 14 138 344 656 20, 643 8,870 76, 629 176, 789 316, 628 8,503 6,276 29, 690 66, 757 35,846 4,269 1,640 9,635 7,442 3,165 149 156 1,470 1,697 3,654 .T 4 New Yorlc 6 10 21 2,666 6.215 6 18 4,872 Group lO.— GAS AND l,AItIP FIXTCKES —Continued. 1 United States 8.141 84, 237. 394 6,691 83,862,580 1,164 8314, 667 286 860, 147 $2,129,315 8275, 669 846,634 2 3 4 Calilornia Illinois Indiana 244 1,050 66 11 140 48 164 889 2,749 441 1,039 68 45 156 1,032 169, 091 584,041 38, 062 3,487 81, 867 29, 477 113,631 309, 260 1, 474, 494 183,314 561, 142 25, 599 44,915 75, 582 563,^32 216 843 59 3 132 37 161 350 2,441 407 920 37 45 132 908 157,022 627. 342 36, 190 1,686 78,807 26, 7,58 112,981 175,907 1,399,042 175,351 518.843 16,310 44,915 60,614 ,521,913 3 197 7 8 6 11 2,062 55, 134 1,872 1,902 2,600 2,719 25 10 10,007 1,665 18,208 312,567 17,166 1,652 48,254 6,418 33,071 611,008 682,270 98,544 203, .^54 4,369 14,570 23,992 154,882 4,386 64,600 1,660 600 11,182 2,922 10,812 8,010 120,000 12, 184 32, 443 2,256 2,520 3,950 8,245 2,330 4,750 630 147 815 188 707 2,134 21,766 1,594 2,361 228 450 686 7,958 5 Kansas 6 2 460 7 8 Missouri 3 151 28 2 19 2 650 28,758 6,345 300 4,403 306 q 388 280 32 100 29 104, .595 70, 107 7,663 27,896 8,983 10 New York 11 Ohio 1'' Pennsylvania . 13 14 Washington 16 22 81 5,666 23,478 1 43 312 8,041 16 All other states . . United States. Alabama.. Arizona... Arkansas . . California . Colorado . . Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia. Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts... Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire . Now Jersey New York North CiiroliiKt. . North Daketi. .- Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania. . Rhode Island--. South Carolina. South Dakota - . I ennessee Te.xas--.. ("tah Vermont . Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states Group 8.— GAS, IIiLiUMIIVATlNG AND HEATING— Continued. 30, 566 ^136 7 117 848 109 640 4(i7 !!.") 482 2,964 621 468 218 417 239 100 227 1,847 1,287 575 55 1,826 302 142 1..3li7 7, 029 104 10 2,239 32 2, S,S2 462 108 47 358 164 41 29 26S lO.S 86 911 41 817,067,917 62,3.57 6,077 ,60, 962 fi50, 218 97, 694 330, 163 62,261 297, 495 35, 240 164,143 1,695,472 289,223 253,952 95. 198 191,842 144, 794 62,781 127, 519 1,090,907 575,168 30, 524 2li,S. IG.'i 24,4:56 ,S9S, 24li 142, 006 72, 900 727.649 4.636.411 37,948 5, SOS 1,082, (Ml 7,606 31.432 1,478.330 302,821 30, 546 25. 681 127 222 kg!, '-So 21.li01 13.. 396 136. 47:i 7s.:M('i 43. .565 464,465 34, 020 136 7 117 848 109 640 76 467 95 482 2,964 618 467 217 417 239 100 226 1,846 1,286 ,574 55 1,826 302 142 1,359 7,028 104 10 2,239 448 108 47 3.57 164 41 2(iS 108 86 909 41 817,043,030 52, 3.57 6,077 50,962 6.50.218 97, 694 330, 163 52, 261 297, 495 35, 240 164, 143 1.695.472 288, 1,S3 2,53. liin 95. 098 191.842 144. 794 62, 781 127, 319 1,090,657 674, 868 267,623 24, 436 898, 246 142,006 72, 900 726, 075 4,636,036 37,948 6, 808 1,082,686 7.(inii 31,432 1,475.816 296,021 30, .546 26,681 127,(1116 102, 835 21,601 13, 395 136, 473 78, 346 43, 565 463, 735 34, (12(1 33 .513,333 .51,554 1,040 342 350 300 400 1.286 100 730 ■?29. 557, 273 50, 51.5" 12, 708 50, 764 1, 767, 347 217, 641 549, 409 31,887 283,377 94,764 193, 631 2. 407, 332 470, 529 415, 4,53 83,314 235, 557 144,236 US. 737 7.33.022 1,7,8.3.994 1.074,198 159,981 45, 720 2,100.936 318, 437 110,899 2,796,832 7,872.952 46, 085 19,639 (ins, ,500 11,207 114,907 ' 2, 982, 725 173,339 50, 545 46, 109 171,322 162, 364 33,986 40,915 1.52, 865 210,970 20, 090 463,926 33,019 Ji724, 551 1 85, 626, 239 240 3,512 200 2, 134 276 26 120 10 4,000 216 1,500 60 35, 130 4.320 92 4,225 640 6(8,123' 400 10 211 ioo' 9,332 1,254 5, 359 150. 885 34, 331 76. 244 (i. 4.33 104. 151 8. ,509 29.904 738, 661 ■ 56, 678 51 , 642 17.617 55. 246 57, 315 16,985 167, 650 411,846 163, 569 38, 963 4,202 295,106 ,so. 3(ii; 16. 184 2,52., 326 1.918.060 5. 573 2.710 3i;2.686 512 8. 2.59 49, 504 70, 476 11,619 2,280 71,756 26. 372 3, ,502 3,617 11,770 20, 874 1.574 109. 276 5.072 GENERAL TABLES. 233 STATES AND TERRITOKIES: 1905— Continued, Group 14.— FURS, DKESSED— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES — cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of onices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate, Frineipal materials. Fuel, Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight, _ S6, 138 Total, Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials " ) , .?156, 125 S700 SI, 641, 950 81,596,767 ,56,695 1 64.220 SI, 241, 299 S355, 46S $27,079 .»fl,630 50 525 ,S2,336 110 15 202 1,692 146 171 $3,215,701 ] 13,147 4,176 2,527 964,000 125,000 16,245 129,352 50,045 2,864 30,978 230, 495 3,217 37,869 1,215 233 4,235 14,732 1,486 5,178 1,100 3 4,057 100 285 693 146,780 27,363 1,199,235 1,400,052 ,56,733 242 24.107 500 6,167 1.003.472 5,3iil 994. 97S 4 86,080 200 : 380,434 ' 356,495 2,773 ' ^1 379 19.462 8,415 f 29, 776 173,803 1 167.221 640 385, 538 ' n roup 10.— GALiVANIieiNG —Continued, $102,806 .54,744,466 54,627,674 $4,627,674 $60,914 $2,710 1 $47,946 $5,222 1 $6,418,850 1.59,930 i 4,095 3,481 18, 585 47,618 29,027 91,093 83,407 14,539 340, 461 1,708,904 2,480,363 83,407 14,539 340, 461 1,708,904 2,480,363 4,458 1,254 8,833 22,522 23,847 600 803 5 695 19,901 26, 542 1,825 15,956 1 351,439 1 754 248 158 35,372 , 1,450 ,5,58,177 . ' 2,92i 318 1 2,347,974 ' . 660 3,317,397 e Group 10 GAS AND L,AMP FIXTURES— Continued, 51,725 , 163 9^961-, 236,622 14,976 $81,849 1,527 16,585 905 11,257 25,000 2,308 21, ,552 500,864 526,, 5113 13,941 68.794 15.972 167.936 H24 1,685 200 3,600 8,000 19, 456 138,679 S7, 395,207 "^ 192T519 1,087,955 72 979 lo! 006 106, 558 43,386 153,832 1,640,386 2, 473, 139 288,181 625, 78« 74,323 55,000 143,671 427, 484 $7,130,207 .515,042 $7, 115 , 165 180,699 1,047,242 69,275 9,665 96, 387 40,900 145, 217 1,613,342 2, 410, 643 270, 273 604, 853 71,520 53, 400 137,934 378,957 9,867 725 180, 699 1,047,242 69, 275 9,565 96,387 40,900 146, 217 1,613,342 2,400,776 269,548 604,003 71,520 53, 400 137,934 375,357 $120,956 2,189 15, 785 1,431 405 6,750 450 3,335 24,960 28, 178 8,533 7,145 1,000 970 19, 825 5, 799 6,171 1,220 2,661 806 2,830 836 20,381 2,026 7,538 1,280 1,500 4,033 1,554 $53, 184 $32,225 362 4,765 420 36 145 30 646 1,168 10, 461 3,703 5,218 283 100 234 25,623 3,470 13,992 633 1,200 1,804 80 3,486 3,646 1,034 240 500 1,525 Group 8.— GAS, ILI/CMINATING AND HEATING— Continued, $23,018,031 $288,452 41, 182 11,454 45, 165 1,606,450 183, 110 469,144 25, 454 179,226 86,245 163, 727 1,661,313 412,675 363, 785 65, 577 180, 311 8.1,920 101,742 ,571,372 1,163,687 8.S0, 654 ■ 121,028 40, 018 1,805,220 237,387 59,586 2,543,114 5, 938, 244 41,112 8,834 331, 589 10, 155 106,648 2, 268, 723 102, 863 38,926 43, 829 96,085 133, 703 30,484 37, 298 132, 884 190,096 18,516 354, 550 27, 947 6,500 537,180,066 5, 224 900 208,461 29, 759 550 600 1,392 12,328 1,003 1,375 : 3,081 1 2,279 1 1,000 87, 376 8,321 72,093 1, 184, 178 257,335 826,389 118,335 633,119 80,977 290,696 4, 519, 400 571, 146 624,024 221, 249 263, .504 163,690 129,269 458,289 3, 096, .544 1, 120, 260 623,634 38, .573 1, 778, 431 2,39,743 167, 933 1, 524, 031 10, 940, 401 70,622 34,227 1,347,090 14, 2.38 84,347 3, 143, 328 501,873 ,58,613 47, 853 204, 475 197,078 32,412 37,622 285, 033 148, 669 60, 094 818, 966 54, 566 534,112,095 827580" 5, 789 65, 864 1,107,689 209,, 507 753, 181 83,726 604, 846 72,329 244,850 4, 084, 715 610,012 563, 580 207,986 224, 166 140, 972 123, 506 411,317 2, 895, 171 807, 687 578,911 36, 346 1,, 549, 983 221, 193 152, 452 1,442,991 10,374,«I5 62, 772 31,J!ir, 1,299,325 12,029 71,369 2,897,827 414,039 58, 124 40,999 190, 188 145, 565 30, 802 34, 107 253, 184 131,904 56, 860 771,398 53,763 ! $29, 18 8,963 81,017 5,299 51,821 876,459 199,961 702,073 81,601 213,991 59,298 218, 908 3,167,812 485,041 426,404 127,901 211,047 79, 447 114,865 396,077 2,241,003 483, 321 5,55,417 28,801 1,472,7,82 149,802 ' 134,864 1,393,907 I 9,530,160 54, 804 28, 975 1,242, ,5.57 6,946 62, 704 2, 403, 412 364, 009 55,091 28,901 179, 758 113,620 30, 224 29,058 220, 898 129, 131 37, 460 660, 323 52,113 54,92 3, 132_ 17-563" 490 14,043 231,230 9,, 546 51,108 2,225 390,855 13,031 25, 942 916,903 24, 971 137, 176 80,085 13, 119 61, 525 8,641 15,240 654, 168 324,366 23,494 7, ,545 77,201 71,:«ll 17, 588 49,084 844,835 7,968 2,. 521 ,56, 768 $2,298,168 1,016 1,383 4,999 54,520 38, 629 66,770 3,116 27, 096 7,41,8 25,417 284,983 57,872 52, 126 10,919 37,354 20,910 4,399 43,850 181,901 166, 719 41,173 1,711 221,614 16, 546 14,067 57,922 388,370 6,4::S 2 .522 ■i7>, (129 120 15, 710 $325,994 700 435 364 14,424 360 5,083 8,665 11,561 494, 415 217,385- 60,030 78,303 3,033 150 12,098 6, 432 10, - 30 8,713 31,945 23,416 578 1,570 5,0-,9 3,0.57 32, 286 24,203 2,773 12,.S.56 19, <00 20 111,075 33,073 1,650 3,719 1,149 1,110 6,037 9,151 5,698 342 1,177 1,180 1,480 87, 529 3,226 4,449 603 1, 7.M 1,219 1,258 1,988 18, 522 9,346 3,550 516 5,544 1,414 $409, 120 61' 222 48 725 31, 151 18,949 62, 173 36 3,869 1,741 3 106 1,134 250 136,073 1,290 1,247 10 600 $17,560,386 600, 457 2 2, 660, 063 3 171, 725 4 21,603 5 274, 456 6 100, 427 7 392,025 8 2, 686, 125 9 6,002,837 10 842,680 11 1,944,074 12 134,000 13 122, 440 14 306,775 16 1,400,699 16 $126,144,945 ' 1 ' 2 3 4 5 3.55, 060 30, 715 280, 701 5,411,772 805,026 2, 557, 824 304, 822 1,901,395 313,714 1,061,336 16,007,619 1,838,744 1,832,297 522,561 961,037 750, 655 17 443,705 18 1,993,528 , 19 8,036,013 ; 20 3,865,895 ! 21 2,033,347 124, 591 5,584,791 912, 107 485, 534 6,371,812 36,314,903 223, 403 102, 108 4,811,758 40, 189 32 457,360 33 10,809,400 34 1, .580, 265 36 192,837 36 148,014 37 830, 436 38 719,025 39 160, 143 40 128,552 41 980,140 42 602, 492 43 158,255 44 2,910,667 45 188,497 48 J34 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 3.— GAS MACHINES AND METERS. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. STATE OE TERRITORY. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 89 85,601,157 $159,600 $516, 474 ■ $675,871 34,249,212 48 1,833 California 9. 3 11 7 5 3 4 4 10 24 13, 100 142,752 88,327 32,506 247, 791 27,559 60,400 795,069 609, 970 3,148,012 435,672 2,500 7,116. 16,584 4,240 22,078 5,699 6,300 88,571 39,555 382, 416 100,812 10,600 129, 636 56, 432 19, 765 193, 132 16, 860 53, 100 541, 198 557,906 2,347,623 322,960 1 6 3 3 31 22 3 2,000 1,500 1,000 16, 500 3,000 500 52,600 1,000 78, 400 3,100 4,000 13,811 7,500 16,081 2,000 500 112,700 11,509 339,573 8,800 4 Indiana 5 Iowa 6 Massaeliusetts . . 3 2 2 8 2 9 12 34 25 35 172 29 1,341 141 7 8 Missouri ... 1 10 Oliio 11 1? All other states i . . Group 9.— GliASS. (See also special report on Glass.) United States California Illinois Indiana Kansas Maryland Massachusetts Missouri ; New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Virginia West Virginia All other states 2 . . . 399 4 6 22 28 37 122 4 39 $89, 389, 151 1,244,919 3, 576, 172 13, 884, 485 590,906 523, 199 610,763 3,219,034 6, 304, 455 3, 456, 441 9, 254, 195 40, 612, 180 402, 459 4, 299, 860 1,411,083 S6, 566, 467 191, 660 160. 605 663. 606 37, 600 66, 706 46, 200 440, 800 408, 530 326, 081 645, 456 3,280,074 14,000 256, 490 240, 962 162, 254 972, 612 3, 973, 781 213, 671 198, 968 169, 600 735, 327 1,312,067 569, 267 2,996,244 11, 038, 343 60, 000 1,087,021 266, 676 210, 476 379, 996 3, 843, 755 62, 149 77, 819 46, 400 1, 172, 246 637,839 670, 947 2, 168, 579 10, 738, 412 189, 684 786, 157 346,518 $37, 266, 997 680, 629 2,063,059 5,513,344 277,586 180, 717 358, 563 870, 662 3,946,019 1, 999, 156 3,543,917 14, 955, 351 138, 875 2, 171, 192 567, 927 4 13 91 4 6 22 118 4 37 Group 9.— GLASS, CUTTING, STAINING, AND OKNAMENXING. United States. California . . . Connecticut . Georgia Illinois Indiana Maryland Massachusetts . Michigan 10 ; Minnesota 11 Missouri.... 12 N'evv. Jersey. 13 New York.. 14 Ohio Pennsylvania... Rhode Island... Wisconsin All other states ^ 1 136 24 90 I $7,365,225 138, 766 464, 679 18, 660 760, 457 22, 160 79,460 305, 622 70,880 29, 550 278, 380 299, 885 2,061,442 621,616 1,9.58,518 26, 673 78, 798 249, 880 $408, 791 S«20, 797 1,200 13, 000 3,000 40.000 48,100 100 10,000 17,700 ' 2,000 46, 100 100 25,000 48,319 7, 600 37, .500 26, 210 94,726 20, 400 115,356 24,516 40,060 107,008 35, 634 214, 333 800 22, 700 263 34, 864 $1,164,037 26, 139 62, 186 2,600 139, 261 6,620 16, 600 57, 953 18, 278 10, 200 39, 844 39, 932 270, 677 123,374 309, 326 4,650 13, 647 22, 750 108, 427 359, 393 16,060 526, 996 15, 340 27, 860 181, 650 43,002 19,350 176, 520 194, 683 1,589,032 342, 107 1,319,503 22,023 64,088 169, 566 2 'V. '\ 6 16 73 15 64 3 6 13 107, 662 481 2,033 18, 121 502 469 612 6,405 2,734 1,754 17, 636 52, 409 100 2,357 2,059 4,190 100 176 9 406 49 4 285 165 22 119 203 935 232 1,306 7 68 105 Group 5 GliOVES AND MITTENS, liEATHER. (See also Furnisliing mittens, leatlier.) goods, men's; and special report on Gloves and United States . California Illinois Indiana Iowa Massachusetts 339 Michigan Miimesota New Hampshire. New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania . 15 Virginia 16 I Washington 17 i Wisconsin 18 I All other states ^ . $10, 705, ,599 604,070 554, 789 177, 665 479, 320 266, 600 84, 620. 69, 066 304, 134 111,106 6,348,407 93, .539 24, 136 66, 239 135, 100 36, 191 1, 206, 684 144,043 $245,233 $741,891 $869, 806 24,749 22,400 14,203 19,200 800 3,246 38, 670 107,000 42, 205 71, 460 1,500 13, 594 10,000 4,000 123, 336 2, 100 i 150 1 2,200 ! 9,500 ' 40,000 20, 147 346, 411 5,000 400 6,050 24,500 8, 100 ' 1,250 1 22,604 2,350 69, 108 76, 475 32, 645 43, 167 20,050 25,616 9,430 6,908 13,088 411,396 17,144 3,384 6,150 3,800 9,891 110, 406 11, 148 SS, 848, 669 471,543 348,914 88, 612 346, 493 244,250 42, 164 69, 626 247, 226 73, 871 5, 467, 265 69, 296 20, 202 51,839 97,300 26, 300 1,066,474 129, 295 227 19 17 5 4 3 3 116 7 2 [ :! 18 4 43 568 106 295 51 107 12 437 13 770 38 10 15 20 15 244 17 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 2; Connecticut, 2; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 1; Louisiana, 1 Nebraska, 2; New Jersey, 2; South Dakota, 1; Tennessee, 1; Texas, 2; Washington, 2; Wisconsin, 2. 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 1; Delaware, 1; Georgia, 1; Indian Territory, 1; Michigan Maine, 2; Maryland, 2; Minnesota, 1; ; South Carolina, 1; Tennessee, 1; Wisconsin, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 2:i5 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. (iroup :i «iAS MACHIIVES AND MEXERS. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. 65 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Aggregati<. S370, 899 Officers of corporal ions. Number. .Salaru's. $92, 789 43 19 8 76 16 85 56 1,680 44, 394 15.678 5.2111 37.902 6.600 7,200 91,511 14,130 95, 023 51,565 1,200 4,300 6, 270 4,290 9.072 General .siiperintemlnnts, managers, clerks, etc. ;nl. Mm. w, Number. Salaries. : Number. Salaries. Xuniber. Salaries. S278. 110 244 S254. 16; 3,000 4.200 ' 24.393 1,500 15,300 19,264 1 38 14 40,094 9,408 926 28. 830 3,600 3,000 67,118 12, 630 79, 723 32, 301 1 30 21 4 6 57 9 76 30 35, 874 8,092 520 26,543 3,000 3,000 61,716 9,980 78, 158 26, 204 4,220 1,316 406 2,287 10 6 3 13 5,402 2,650 1,565 6,097 • WAGE-EAENERS. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 3,078 85 75 27 181 62 45 567 98 1,487 442 Least number employed at any one time dur- ing tlie year. 2,290 7 50 : 23 11 I 151 47 25 440 70 1,126 340 Group 9.— GIjASS. (See also special report on Glass.) 96 3.040 $3,940,293 543 $1,340,761 2,497 82,599,532 ' 2,107 $2, 408, 172 390 • $191,360 87, .586 55, 642 1 52 119 432 2S 45 111 369 142 309 1.167 11 1 189 39 1 1 65,382 151,330 548.999 28, 610 35,328 64. 9,88 138. 874 358. 9.88 202. 443 444, 268 1,597.113 17.8t:i8 208. 855 57.247 6 16 112 9 5 18 42 ' 34 66 169 3 49 7 16,700 46,800 233, 467 10.700 14,500 21,944 51,200 110,290 84,440 179, 750 469,951 9,000 76,772 15,247 46 103 320 18 23 38 93 327 108 243 998 8 140 32 48,682 1 35 104,530 ll 80 315,532 n 287 17,910 1 16 20,828 1 21 i 43,044 : 27 107,674 , 88 248,698 I 249 118,003 ' 94 264,518 191 1,127,162 1 879 8,868 ; ■ 6 132,083 1 107 42,000 ; 27 42,324 90, 680 299, 737 16,9.30 20,064 38, 186 104,890 224,796 110,721 237, 481 1.053,374 7.882 119,097 40,010 11 23 33 2 2 11 5 78 14 52 119 2 33 6,358 13,850 15, 795 980 764 4,858 2,784 23,902 7,282 27,037 71,788 986 12,986 1,990 1,153 6,766 17,029 1,167 995 998 1,886 7,358 4,142 11, 1.30 27,843 593 5,109 1,417 844 3,270 10, 258 679 660 872 1,107 6,570 2,987 5,318 19,302 618 3,265 992 9 8 IS 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 5 9 10 32 5l 1 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 i Group 9 GIiASS, CUTTING, STAINING, AND OKNAMENTING. 504 $776,007 14 8 2 36 9 5 46 13 10 12 35 156 17 93 7 14 27 i 20 ' 54 6 118 6 2 29 28 183 75 160 3 17. 375 53. 088 4. 200 120,911 7,9.53 5,405 1 20, 465 8, 138 . 1,950 ] 34,451 17,343 227. 487 68.942 160,059 2,720 8,920 14,400 S24S, 396 5,010 15,250 2,700 35,540 1,000 2,500 3,050 2,750 85,932 24, 622 44, 330 'ii'ioo 16 47 3 100 8 5 20 5 2 28 141 137 3 12, 565 39, 838 1,500 85,371 6,953 2,905 17,416 5,388 1.950 20,839 17,343 141,555 44, 320 115,729 2,720 8,920 2,300 4 14 4 1 19 20 100 40 96 3 $451,006 10, 770 33,263 1,500 72.569 6. 849 2,465 14,154 4,788 1,250 19, 412 14, 870 121,488 37,682 96, 986 2,720 8, 560 1,700 164 $76, 605 1,795 6,685 12,802 104 450 3,261 600 700 1,427 2,473 20,067 6,638 18, 743 10,093 6,926 191 114 692 499 44 30 933 712 62 37 79 45 328 176 174 128 106 290 84 222 360 600 446 3,573 662 2,270 43 109 201 352 2,351 363 1.5ii2 32 78 142 Group 5.— GIiOVES AND MITTENS, LiEATHEK. (See also Furnishing mittens, leatber.) ^oods, men's; and special report on Gloves and 6 12 2 10 276 7 6 4 $584, 573 46, 878 63, 442 23,216 41,209 5,700 7,792 6,431 9,248 10, 443 262,873 5,244 300 1,768 3,592 900 81,663 13.875 $115,350 4,100 21,720 4,500 6,350 2,600 3,500 ""'fw'io' 36, 600 2,270 30,450 2,400 589 $469, 223 49 66 19 42 6 42,778 $395, 794 18, 713 34, sm 3,200 4 292 6! 4,31 8,288 10,443 ! 226.273 2,974 300 1,768 3,592 900 51,213 11,475 32 46 15 25 4 211 3 34. 538 37.210 17.430 26, 422 2. 675 2.990 6.171 7,040 6,9.54 192. 105 1,860 17 10 4 17 3 1 2 12 13,1 8,240 4,612 1,286 8,437 626 \ 1,302 ' 260 1,248 3,489 34,168 1,114 300 1,7 2, 500 900 44. 156 11,175 1,092 15 1 ',0.37 300 666 1,331 371 374 192 176 i 80 214 247 j 7,782 135 16 66 349 71 1,571 184 I 446 956 259 169 140 122 .52 201 179 4.169 89 16 194 61 1.166 169 3 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 2; District of Columbia, 2; Iowa, 1; Kentucky, 2; Louisiana, 2; Maine, 1; Montana, 1; North Carolina,!; Oregon, 1; Tennessee, 2; Texas, 2; Virginia, 2; Washington, 2; West Virginia, 2. , ,, , j , .,. ■„ ^t ■,,,„■ ^ •Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 1; Connecticut,!; Kansas,!; Kentucky,!; Maine,!; Maryland,!; Missouri, 2; Nebraska, 1; ^\ est Virginia, 1; Wyoming, 1. 236 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 3.— GAS MACHINES AN1» METERS^Contmued. STATE OR TEKRITOBY. WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. MISfELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States 2,674 81,532,247 2,531 81,497,927 140 J33, 602 3 S718 $557,635 $62, 873 $16, 739 o 7 66 38 17 166 53 39 • 492 83 1,321 392 * 5,332 41, 209 19, 182 9,116 97,647 28, 775 17, 100 283, 785 40, 143 776, 284 213,674 6 65 38 17 162 45 39 459 83 1,266 351 5,062 41,009 19, 182 9,116 96, 122 27,575 17, 100 275, 713 40,143 762, 407 204,508 1 1 280 200 7,959 169,951 15,355 9,526 33,883 3,794 5,323 97,543 10, 142 137, 183 66,976 1,416 2,650 684 990 5,610 1,520 996 7,489 3,576 19,986 17,956 7 Illinois 450 218 75 1,253 430 52 5,397 262 7,815 787 •^ Iowa 6 4 8 1,525 1,200 s Missouri 33 8,072 10 Ohio 11 52 41 13, 159 9,166 3 718 Group 9.— Cil^ASS— Continued. United States CaUfornia Illinois ■ Indiana Kansas Maryland Massachusetts Missouri New Jersey. ._ .. New York. . .' Ohio Pennsylvania Virginia West Virgin a All other states 63,969 S37,288,148 889 4,768 12,020 718 649 498, 225 3,011,632 6, 638, 130 446, 771 364, 235 855 1,561 5,507 3,153 441,541 938, 454 3,146,384 1,824,576 7, 844 20,794 472 3,673 1,066 4,611,605 12,518,440 263,657 2,054,181 641,317 54,079 788 4,258 10, 662 620 502 729 1,469 4,815 2,800 6,321 17, 074 404 2,777 $36, 005, 647 453,391 2,912,778 6, 316, 351 424, 201 324, 328 409, 741 917,620 2, 996, 759 1,715,644 4, 172, 470 11,658,488 248, 128 1,862,741 603, 107 77 127 487 44 34 124 103 787 1,107 445 16 37,684 26,853 101,018 9,758 9,124 24,500 1,800 29,603 26,635 186,605 305, 140 106,695 4,393 6,436 24 383 871 64 113 30 84 568 250 736 2,613 68 461 190 81,413,693 7,150 72,001 220, 761 12,812 20,783 7,300 19,034 119,022 83,397 152,5.30 554,812 15, 529 94,745 33,817 $.5,911,607 64, 242 379, 907 710,654 41,892 31,411 97, 244 133,098 476, 747 386, 487 •783,562 2,265,947 35,679 .396,646 109,991 836, 393 3,000 3,612 2,432 14 1,000 2,656 1,638 7,300 2,944 10, 578 220 1,200 8320, 728 1,752 14,238 62,019 2,314 2,932 6,910 12,093 25, 386 14, 870 46, 337 109,581 716 15,219 6,361 Group 9.— GLiASS, ('UTTING, STAINING, ANB OKNAMENXING— Continued. rn;ted States Californ'a Connecticut Georgia Illinois Indiana Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New ,Jrrs(;y New ^'ork r Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island W i scons n All other states 84,359,199 84,069,173 135 611 36 790 41 58 235 137 99 246 390 2,912 472 1,927 36 92 162 110,308 258, 215 16, 490 479, 624 18,569 16, 444 119,008 66, 424 52,033 142,007 166,834 1,638,267 239, 618 864, 482 24, 126 51,911 94,839 132 417 35 724 27 218 127 99 346 2,630 430 1,506 29 92 142 109,008 205, 707 16, 400 461,040 17,581 10, 908 112,602 62,088 62, 033 136, 136 156, 899 1,565,309 228,598 770, 644 22,626 51,911 89,683 .?24 1,363 16 27 231 37 336 5 44, 398 6,006 5, 846 1,534 .'".,2111 6,697 65,045 •t, 4.'i6 77,509 1,200 148, 663 1,300 8,110 90 5,02!) 2(18 530 560 2,802 51 ; 86 671) 3, 23S 7,913 1,,W4 16,329 Group 5.— GLOVES ANM MITTENS, liEATHEK-Cnntiiiurd. United States Californ'a Illinois Indiana Iow!l..._ Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota New Hampshire New Jersey . . New York... Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Virginia Washington. Wisconsin . . . \\\ other states tales 10,645 .83,840,263 4,174 82,005,890 6,245 81,795,988 226 .?3S,37J 616 1, 134 321 263 166 106 65 208 211 5,613 93 16 45 273 63 1,396 167 222, 688 424, 934 86,621 101,339 70,848 35,359 21,646 74,898 77, 796 2,131,053 28, 607 6,264 10, 794 39, 144 22,666 437,327 48,280 165 382 90 129 53 38 16 148 57 2, 4S5 32 8 14 28 19 449 61 110,666 186, 702 36, 997 59,464 31,634 18, 170 9,593 58,317 35,342 1,204,265 12,100 4,114 4,575 7,620 11,000 191,450 25,002 337 708 218 134 112 63 48 60 149 3,050 61 8 28 245 34 897 97 109,029 230, 056 48, 474 41,886 3ft, 214 14,305 11,883 16,681 41,672 91.-., 722 16,507 2, l,SO 5,909 31,524 11,656 236, 984 22, .378 14 44 13 3,094 8, 176 2,150 15 1 2,,S,S4 170 5 11 076 1 3 1 05Q 50 9 s 9011 81,142,687 19, 701 72, 639 4,684 150, 006 5,382 3,763 51,998 8, 305 10, 2,S5 29,.Si}6 27,353 391,140 88,909 240, 349 3,859 9,. 300 25, 218 81,507,693 (is 169 l.vl .-,xi 2(1 7,Sft 133 S7.1 111 lift ■>■> 2(12 4 74(1 IS (i4ft y ('.CO 861 1h2 8,080 411 949 9 9 263 ,'.(10 130,812 9,484 5,747 1,404 48, 464 1,620 1,005 13, 769 2,559 3,000 9,566 4,491 85,312 14,524 43,529 1,,5,50 3, 137 S, 242 824,318 472 1,012 145 ■ 3, 983 252 171 2,568 648 196 1,083 997 3.380 2,024 5, 724 69 422 1,182 .884,021 9,578 6,136 225 940 1,950 592 2, ('.54 170 804 41,i7ft 2,024 66(1 20 2,346 11,990 ■"> d^'^ 2,239 2,917 694 1,324 637 535 280 1,267 292 7,363 440 71 106 400 194 2,904 GENERAL TABLES. 237 STATES AND TERRITORIES; 1905— Continued. Group 3 GAS MACHINES AND METEKS— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent of offices, interest, etc. $441,590 3,915 139,945 14,066 8,461 25,229 1,784 4,275 83,957 6,154 109,382 44, 422 Contract work. J36,433 2,628 26,906 387 1,791 60 3.S11 COST OF MATERIALS USED. Aggregate. 4,378 36,343 38, 109 12,893 177,086 27,502 59,825 541,394 92,609 1,377,386 245,382 $2,612,907 'cipal materiaLs. Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured foiTn (includ- ing "all other materials"). S2, 526,594 , S2, 526, .594 4,083 4,083 33,427 33,427 36,592 1 36,592 12,751 ' 12,751 170,602 h j 170,602 25,788 ; 25,788' 56,585 li ! 56, .585 523,105 .523,105 90,435 90,436 1,336,126 ' 1 1,336,126 237,100 ' I 237,100 Fuel. $45,802 10 680 897 137 3,312 1,000 435 10,229 1,764 23,304 . 4,034 Rent of power and heat. $6,111 Mill sup- plies. $13,604 84 790 240 1,042 94 925 1,476 1,460 31 346 1.50 5 1,192 510 105 2,028 410 7,484 1,343 Freight. $20,796 170 1,100 230 938 110 2,700 5,107 1,445 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. $5,630,976 25,700 2 203,919 3 110,077 4 41,368 S 427,814 6 107, 124 7 100,090 8 1,106,917 9 200,156 10 2,592,246 11 715,565 12 Group 9.— GlcASS— Continued. $5,497,538 $56,848 $26,145,522 $19,104,314 $19,104,314 $6,243,006 $42, 164 $265,444 $490,694 $79,607,998 59, 490 362,057 646, 128 39,578 28,465 89,334 118,450 448,823 347,909 723,426 2,116,810 33,431 381,207 102,430 274,071 1,400.237 5,558:839 355,093 158,732 316,080 707,871 1,856,239 1,411,973 2,836,521 9,325,184 169,461 1,259,480 515,741 186,234 1,021,787 4,345,682 324,369 105,949 248,346 416,541 1,161,168 989,777 2,176,207 6,739,205 118,441 ' 976,711 296,007 1 186,234 1,021,787 4,345,582 324,359 105,949 248,346 416,541 1,161,168 989,777 2,176,207 6,739,206 118,441 976,711 295,007 81,784 341,406 1,068,225 24,104 45,598 57,861 234,499 565,909 ■387,388 618,497 2,360,326 46,138 229,731 181,540 4,718 1,200 850 1,335 4,266 45,871 1,630 3,044 1,000 12,247 17,986 6,608 24,643 110,116 305 22,706 13,687 915,446 5,619,740 14,706,929 958,720 589,589 1,011,373 1,781,026 6,460,195 4,279,766 9,026,208 27,671,693 649,031 4,598,663 1,449,719 •> 31,578 1 98,311 1 5,000 1 4,000 1 8,673 43,984 111,176 24,282 14,174 89,781 4,577 31,332 23,726 3 75 4 5 141 200 600 6 7 8 9 15,408 10,855 28,978 1,532 3,918 3,000 25,756 10 11 I'' 13 14 1,781 15 Group 9.— GliASS, CUTTING, STAINING, AND ORNAMENTING— Continued. $841,997 818,970 S4,. 845. 393 84.621,164 S4,736 $4,616,428 $93,819 $46,443 816,578 $67,389 $13,137,653 1 9,746 103,0.83 230,359 16, 123 568,866 20,114 72,667 67, 478 89,906 48,308 189, 184 181,989 1,317,688 335,426 1,357,519 15,499 68,678 160,507 98,365 215,612 ; 15,652 534,049 19,580 71,397 61,269 84,945 47,619 181,107 169,879 1,269,566 324,299 1,301,9.58 14,585 61,251 1.50,031 98,365 215,612 15,652 633,999 19,500 71,397 60,914 84,945 47,619 181,107 168, 894 1,267,892 324, 299 1,300,891 14,135 61,251 149,956 2,234 6,501 100 18,404 469 132 3,865 3,330 404 5,181 7,911 16,Q56 3,799 22,639 47 1,821 926 2,026 3,826 250 5,659 130 1,305 21 1,716 65 12 91 180 16 122 319 3,728 566 2,656 457 4,141 1.164 2,328 3,115 100 9,038 313,878 737,860 47,978 1,627,038 66,183 114,355 321,972 193,978 137,333 2 65,880 3,036 96,999 3,510 2,587 35,246 5,098 7,089 18,716 21,865 289,398 72,361 187,683 2, 1.50 5,741 14,894 3 4 560 60 80 5 6 326 1,026 948 270 967 1,428 20,284 1,885 4,322 335 626 2,266 1 800 1,227 503 1 7 415 1 355 8 9 10 .332 •' 1.807 ' 2,452 8,054 4,887 26,044 75 839 6,120 452,684 11 985 1,674 478,165 : 12 13,060 !! 4,2.53,270 1 13 840,664 1 14 3,413 100 1,067 450 3,064,470 1 15 61,831 ' 16 160; 177 17 900 |i 75 , 366,917 18 Group 5.— G1.0VES AND MITTENS, I.EATHEK— Continued. $1,007,619 $393,723 $10,000,889 $9,870,748 $9,870,748 844,293 $27,018 $7,531 $51,299 817,740,386 56,352 172,630 19,870 121,130 7,532 21,075 1,806 17,212 7,570 432,607 6,616 4,680 823 6,363 6,960 115,882 9,611 458,573 852,347 342,985 358, 244 135,299 113,379 52,377 173,368 115,296 6,696,256 65,319 19,077 33,145 57,150 55,095 1,338,968 134,011 4.52,388 842,351 340,445 348,988 132,538 110,2.59 50,688 166,858 114,250 6,634,862 63,423 18,711 32,374 56,500 53,975 1,320,041 ,132,097 452,388 842,351 340,445 348,988 132,638 110,259 50,688 166,8.58 114,250 6,634,862 63,423 18,711 32,374 56,500 53,975 1,320,041 132,097 320 6,337 1,768 2,299 750 1,385 394 2,893 218 22,656 309 175 429 600 25 3,178 657 2,104 2,730 240 1,212 666 339 415 481 439 182 346 140 81 61 50 51 3,053 36 47 216 1.50 66 2,052 91 3,280 490 350 5,400 1,305 1,315 819 3,667 160 22,533 1,324 910,596 1,690,804 614,188 698,400 264,811 191,693 98,133 297, 167 223,726 9,946,443 117,654 39,530 48, 765 10,480 627 13, 1.32 227 144 379,693 i26 2,500 127,816 439 4,523 300 600 9,174 866 108,150 66 984 2,208,706 253,824 238 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 1.— GliUCOSE. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. STATE OR TEEKITOEY. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number ol estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United states ' 9 817,046,313 SI, 641, 622 113, 603, 467 $7,663,915 $4,336,309 9 34,908 Group 8.— GliXIE. (See also Slaughtering and meat packing, ivliolesale. ) 1 2 3 68 $10,673,338 $966,606 $1,680,657 $1,922,691 $6,103,584 53 16,908 3 7 3 14 8 4 7 12 260, 480 2,396,080 432,022 1,331,011 1,774,641 227,896 2,563,608 1,687,700 15,015 218,029 27,000 93, 198 267, 235 79,000 163, 100 114,029 48,265 525, 073 53,282 153, 893 192, 197 58,000 272,320 377, 637 28,628 606,688 141, 182 219, 116 183,641 18,886 283,065 441,395 168,682 1,046,290 210,568 864,804 1, 141, 568 72,010 1,845,033 754,739 3 6 3 14 6 3 11 96 7,184 264 1,043 990 620 3,933 2,778 4 AND SILVER, REBITCING AND REFINING, NOT FROM THE ORE. United States. Illinois Massachusetts New Jersey New York Rhode Island All other states * 41 $2,326,009 $126, 670 $152,071 $309, 151 $1,738,117 34 1,093 3 6 11 5 10 6 297, 504 143,078 1 785,763 317,000 598,739 183,925 3,500 4,500 21, 600 51,000 36,820 9,260 26, 300 26, 161 19, 300 28,000 37, 660 14,750 16, 926 45,460 126, 043 30,400 48,097 42,225 250,778 66,957 618, 820 207, 600 476, 262 117,700 3 6 9 3 10 4 117 136 286 60 226 269 Group 1-1. -GKAPHITE AND GRAPfUXE REFINING. (Sec also Pencils, lead.) 1 11 $478, 182 $64,925 $110,670 $133, 893 $168, 694 9 922 Pennsylvania All other states s 2 3 OOCO 186, 737 291,446 30,000 34,925 3.5,081 75,589 25, 533 108,360 96, 123 72,671 3 6 337 585 Group 8.— GREASE AND TAIiliOW. (See also Axle grease; Candles; Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale; Soap.) United States . California . . . Connecticut . Delaware Illinois Indiana Iowa Louisiana Maine Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota. . Missouri. . . . Nebraska. .. New Jersey. New York- . Ohio Pennsylvania . . . Virginia Wisconsin All other states " 300 7 8 3 24 6 $10,284,366 41,038 283, 602 11,407 1, 206, 605 29, 332 49,019 03,840 174,760 1,631,083 132,060 43,356 605, 662 35, 010 175, 346 2, 107, 943 421, 568 1,604,436 104, 930 43,308 1,620,093 $1,091,775 6,400 11,200 2,050 223,089 4,700 11,643 3,200 3,100 185,362 30,200 3,395 54,600 2,000 30,000 160, 366 62, 830 131, 733 3,790 4,900 157,317 $2, 623, 335 4,900 67, 650 700 239, 548 8,000 14,038 13,400 36, 300 391,604 36, 087 15, 280 163,719 19,050 42,460 587, 836 110,931 398,411 34,000 8,200 443, 231 $2, 713, 682 18, 126 07, 292 7,169 258,312 8,125 7,099 28, 640 37,600 346,966 30, 385 9,140 143, 088 9.895 52, 406 726,767 104, 999 465,085 67, 394 12, 250 322, 466 11,612 137, 460 1,498 485, 666 8,607 16,239 18, 600 98, 860 707, 162 36, 378 16,640 253, 765 4,065 60,490 632, 974 142,798 609, 207 9,746 17,968 597, 079 191 12,373 2 6 36 11 23 3 5 13 228 310 35 1,376 59 136 246 76 1,473 130 142 1,134 65 260 2,548 773 1,353 375 87 1,679 Group 9.- -GRINDSTONES. 1 23 $1,869,006 $666,121 $206,361 $290, 329 $706, 196 18 5 1,582,400 286,606 631, 121 135,000 188, 861 17,500 269,429 30,900 602, 989 103,206 T All other states ^ 22 2,602 17 5 2,277 325 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Illinois, 7; Iowa, 1; New Jersey, 1. 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Connecticut, 1; Delaware, 1; Maine, 1; Michigan, 1; Missouri, 2; New Hampshire, 1; New Jersey West Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 2. ' I Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 1; Connecticut, 2; Maryland, 2; Ohio, 1; Rhode Island, 1. 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Connecticut, 2; Ohio, 2; Pennsylvania, 2. GENERAL TABLES. 239 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.'>— Continued. Group 1 GLIKOSK. Proprie- tors and firm xnem- "bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, KTC Aggregate. Offici^rs of corporations. , Number. Salaries. Number. S.-iLirics. S3SS. 257 General superintendents, managers, clerics, etc. Total. Number. Salaries. 363 $350,957 Men. Number. S331,356 Women. Number. Salaries. S19,601 WAGE-EARNERS. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 4,370 Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 2,496 Group S.- -ULiUE:. (See also Slaughtering and meat packing «rlioleii sale. ) $20,565 1 42 352 S466,334 32 S72, 195 320 J393, 139 283 $372,574 37 3,488 2,229 \ 2 15 S 2 6 167 14 34 28 24 711 11,685 2 6,000 11,500 4,500 7,000 12,000 4 164 9 31 25 3 23 61 5,685 194, 637 9,046 31,365 45,058 1,640 39,074 66,634 4 149 23 22 3 21 54 6,685 184,953 7,830 28,325 43,222 1,640 38,229 62, 690 1 46 948 100 620 442 83 814 536 43 206, 137 13., 546 38,365 57.058 1.640 40. S74 96.029 3 5 3 3 15 2 8 3 9,684 1,216 3,040 1,836 720 52 246 334 44 437 3.53 3 4 5 6 1 15 i,s66 29,395 ' 846 3,944 1 8 9 Group 10. -GOl.I> AND S11,VEK, l.e;af and foil.. 106 St> S.S.5, 112 8 S20.135 78 864,977 1 49 S50, 154 29 S14,S23 1,569 1,330 j 1 6 10 16 59 5 10 ,s 3 4 39 15 17 8, 802 2,956 3,494 32.262 13 "^48 4 6,240 4 3 4 39 15 13 2,562 1 2,956 3,494 32, 262 13,248 10,455 1 2 3 24 9 10 1,200 2,436 3,078 24,593 10, .544 8,303 3 1 1 15 6 3 1,362 520 416 7,669 2,704 2,152 143 151 273 648 318 126 138 108 144 528 303 109 2 /[ 6 7 24.350 j 4 j 13,896 Group 10 .— G01.I> ANU SIIi^TSK, KEDUCING AND REFINING, NOT FROM THE ORE. 57 95 S127.1.5S 15 *33,426 80 S93, 732 82 883,776 18 S9,966 313 262 1 ■3 ,s 12 4 35 3 27 14 8,552 3,648 50,270 20,000 29,288 15,400 12 4 26 3 22 14 8,552 3,648 26, 644 20,000 20, 488 16, 400 8 5,816 3 2 ,8fiS 4 1 4 2.736 780 1,732 25 25 110 36 85 32 25 18 90 33 69 27 2 ^ 16 : 13 10 24.626 21 3 14 13 23,912 20,000 4 5 5 1 8,800 16,300 14,880 8 1 4,188 620 6 7 Group 14 — GRAPHITE AND GRAPHITE REFINING. (See also Pencils, lead.) ^ 33 830,610 9 313, 700 24 S16,810 13 113,530 11 S3, 280 236 202 1 12 21 11,460 19,050 7 2 8.700 5.000 6 19 2,760 14,050 4 9 2,730 10,800 1 10 30 3,250 ' 90 146 57 145 1 6 3 Group 8. — GREASE AND TAIiIiOW. (See also Axle grease; Candles; Slaughtering and meat packing, AVliolesale; Soap.) 306 481 8582,749 ! 67 8129,516 414 3453,233 368 3431.269 46 821.964 4,190 3,259 1 10 ti 1 "i t] 7 4 34 11 12 6 2 34 57 23 49 1 9 9 - 4 15 5,562 14,862 3 2 4,500 3,620 1 13 1,062 11,242 1 11 1,062 10, 566 72 103 10 727 16 24 38 72 711 45 31 174 9 103 926 137 421 70 30 471 72 61 5 628 16 11 28 60 676 32 27 105 5 98 701 113 379 62 29 351 ■1 2 676 3 4 90 1 3 14 79 2 3 18 5 3 108 23 45 5 105,382 572 2,590 2,040 10,360 111,641 1,800 2,300 30,861 4,070 1,562 152,031 23,734 60,605 5,920 10 18, 766 80 1 4 3 14 66 86,616 672 1,530 2,040 10,350 83,091 71 1 3 2 11 65 81.7.52 572 1,230 1,680 9,500 78,257 9 4,864 6 6 2 1,060 1 1 3 11 300 360 S.50 4,834 7 8 q 13 2 28.550 1,800 10 n 3 13 3 1 99 16 36 4 2,300 16,761 2,270 300 123,231 17,30Cf 32,981 4,720 2 11 3 1 S.S 15 34 4 1,800 16,736 2,270 300 116,791 16,940 32,609 ■ 4,720 1 2 600 1,025 12 I 2 9 7 9 1 14, 100 1,800 1,262 28,800 6,434 17,624 1,200 13 14 15 11 1 3 6,440 360 472 16 17 18 19 20 57 56,867 57 66,867 65 55,584 ' 1.2.S3 21 Group 9.— GRINDSTONES. 10 1 50 $80,740 9 $34,050 41 $46,690 35 $42, 476 6 84,215 991 505 1 4 6 40 10 71,604 9,136 9 34,050 31 10 37,564 9,136 26 9 33,939 8,536 5 1 3,616 600 789 202 434 71 2 3 s Includes establishments distributed as follows: Illinois, 1; Michigan, 2; New Jersey, 2; New York, 1; Ohio, 1; Virginia, 1- ,, ^ , „ , , 'Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 1; Colorado, 1; District of Columbia, 1; Georgia, 1; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 2; Maryland, 1; New Hampshire, 1; Oregon, 2; Rhode Island, 2; Utah, 1; Vermont, 1; West Virginia, 1. ' Includes establishments distributed as follows: Massachusetts, 1; Michigan, 2; Pennsylvania, 1; West Virginia, 1. 240 MANUFACTURES. STATE OR TERRITORY. United States. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group l.—GliUCOSE— Continued. WAGE-EARNEES AND WAGES. Average wases number. VTages. 2,876 I -SI, 774, 580 Men 16 years and over. Average number. Wages. 2,804 81,751,558 Women 16 years and over. Average number. 68 Wages. $19,213 Children under 16 years. Average number. Wages. S3, 809 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. .51,007,218 Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. $77, 138 Group S.—GliUE— Continued. 1 United States California Illinois Indiana Massacliusetts New York Ohio ..' 2,864 31,528,512 2,524 $1,414,579 ,311 $108,242 29 $5, 691 $1,160,631 $17, 168 $46, 568 ■>. ..1 43 848 80 369 402 42 634 446 28, 705 547, 639 39, 431 183,505 206, 452 19, 705 301, 103 201,972 43 700 80 323 368 41 592 377 28, 705 483, 728 39, 431 170,818 199, 184 19, 405 289, 595 183, 713 15, 782 263. 330 32, 734 255, 862 186, 179 6,132 222, 787 177,825 300 2,150 180 8,700 2,168 120 3,000 550 446 7,826 1,148 9,990 7,478 1,284 14, 406 3,990 3 4 144 63, 132 4 779 5 46 22 1 35 63, 12,687 5,030 300 10,045 17,048 6 7 12 2,238 8 7 6 1,463 1,211 9 All otlier states United States. Illinois Massachusetts. . New Jrrsey New York Pennsylvania. . . All other states. Group 10 G01,l> AND SI1,VER, liEAf AND FOIL,— Continued. 1, 402 S662, 813 140 137 162 536 •311 116 74, 184 76,949 67, 996 267, 032 123,227 53,425 280 133 20 $444,822 52, 438 57, 378 45, 490 190, 172 83, 360 15,984 I 723 I $210,737 56 69 78 252 172 17, 534 19,227 21,560 76, 094 38,881 37, 441 39 $7, 254 4,212 344 946 766 $163,713 $18,817 3,466 8,764 5,247 65,918 11,048 69,270 1,518 2,380 704 12, .569 456 1,190 Group 10.— G01.D ANO SILVER, REDUCING AND REFINING, NOT FROM THE ORE— Continued. 1 United States 287 $206, 263 284 $204, 549 3 81,714 t Illinois 25 20,720 25 20.720 3 Massachusetts 20 12,790 19 12,426 70,788 27, 152 54,809 18, 654 1 2 364 1,.350 4 5 New Jersey 102 72,138 New York ' 34 27,1.52 100 34 77 29 Rhode Island . ..'• 77 54,809 7 All other states 29 18,654 1 . i 1 $6,013 311 228 487 2,510 1,990 487 $217,236 $20,271 $7, 372 41,262 4,717 69,808 5,860 66,941 28,648 1,080 1,098 5,990 1,520 6,975 3,608 486 912 1,993 900 1,954 1,127 United States. California... Connecticut. Delaware Illinois Indiana I owa Louisiana Maine Massachusetts. Michigan 12 Minnesota 13 Mis.^ouri 14 Nebraska 15 New Jersey. . . 16 , New York Ohio Pennsylvania. . . Virginia Wisconsin All other states. Group 14.— GRAPHITE AND GRAPHITE REFINING-Continued. United States 218 8107,810 214 $106,974 4 $836 1 74 144 39, 783 68,027 74 140 39, 783 67, 191 All other states 4 836 $39, 484 $9,305 S2, 522 14,368 25, 116 9,000 305 912 1,610 Group 8,— GREASE AND TALIiO W— Continued. 3, 628 6 596 16 17 28 64 624 34 26 144 7 100 794 .30 .398 $2, 114, 3,55 51,324 .50, 568 2,768 390, 132 8,729 ■S. 7.sii 12, 1.55 '.•:.',, 5Sil :;5i;, 53s IS, 492 15, 703 103, 707 4,158 46, 378 469, 460 72, 120 202,618 32, 180 19, 385 215, 575 3,620 70 89 6 592 16 17 28 64 621 34 26 144 7 100 794 124 395 65 30 398 $2,112,365 51,324 50,568 2,758 388, 876 8,729 8,786 12, 1.55 33, 589 3.56,004 18, 492 15, 703 103, 707 4,158 46, 378 469, 460 71,920 202, 618 32, 180 19, 385 215,575 $1,318 200 Group 9— GRIBJDSTONES— Continued. 1 United States 706 .5274.748 705 $274, 483 1 $266 2 : Ohio - ..594 112 221,807 52,941 593 112 221,542 52, 941 1 265 3 All other states 81,269,879 11,076 25,251 3,915 153,278 1,659 6,306 11,688 24, 431 253, 396 16,296 4,507 .52, 600 3,0.58 23,211 298, 904 25, 436 185,574 9,024 5,667 154, 602 $139, 985 113,216 26,769 S99, 069 1,204 1,225 1,776 29, 320 200 120 120 24, 120 40 665 2,100 19 3,597 22, 110 1,843 8,641 525 715 $3,283 S60, 484 133 3, 150 401 1,363 176 6,173 144 263 213 776 13,437 .ST.S 332 4,989 165 811 15, 156 3,080 4,492 758 309 6,568 $6,210 4,111 2,099 GENERAL TABLES. 241 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190,5— Continued. Group 1.— GLIJCOSE-Continupd. MISCELLANEOUS EX- TENSES— COTlt'd. Rent of offices, interest, otc. Contract work. 5930,080 Aggregate. §20.2;VS.02; (OyT OF MATERIALS USED. I'rincipal materials. Total. 519.048,010 Purchased in raw state. 3Ui,979,073 Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). S2,0tl8,943 Fu.'l. SI, 016, 161 Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. S193,845 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. S24,56G,932 Group 8 -GliUK-Con tinui'il. 11,029,893 $67,002 S6, ISO. 139 85,537.714 83,082,469 .82.455,245 S596,851 SI, 300 .534, 421 $15,853 $10,034,685 1 15,036 .. 119,860 1,673,233 313.327 8117.209 959,833 57,816 l,430.591i 7B4.265 106, 644 1,413,196 286,564 792. 334 880,Jli4 49, .547 1,334,.S.5S 673, 607 99, 484 914, 694 79,04* 463,056 122,835 6,400 824,878 673,078 7, 160 498, 502 207, 520 329, 278 758,129 44,147 609,980 100,529 11,163 254,786 19, 185 62, 483 74,814 653 6,251 663 8,782 3,030 113 10,222 5,907 1,500 216, 079 2,729,182 596, 071 1,462,854 1,532,224 115,612 1,999,450 1,383,313 222,069 31,285 432' ■3 31,406 .. 236,740 17tj,.i33 .. I'/.m 7,6i5 2,310 1,025 2,803 1,200 4 5 4.72S .. 205. 3S1 . . 13S.00O 6,353 84,316 84,751 7 35, 2S5 9 Group 10.— G01.D AND SILVER, LEAF AND FOll,— Continued. $133,731 85.152 ! $1,476,111 $1, 449, 383 $26,000 $1,423,383 $10,194 $4,856 $10,899 $779 82. 695, 298 1 1.637 100, 344 98,854 101, 576 . 179,395 566,612 247,482 256, 565 98, 854 75,675 . 179,395 565,512 247,482 256,565 831 400 3,440 3,398 1,770 356 024 357 10 425 140 10, 034 265 25 26 222, 640 213,000 302, 181 1, 100, 440 412, 508 444, 529 8. 1.56 4,056 45.687 8.602 67.693 102,757 183,048 581,725 249,517 258, 720 26,000 •^ 73 581 5.152 2,200 ^ 6 1,675 100 7 Group 10.— GOIiD AND SIL,VHR , REDTJCING AND REFINING, NOT FROM THE ORE— Continued. $189,133 $460 817,638,379 1 $17,477,208 $220,364 S17, 256, 844 $46, 692 $8,766 $3,028 82,686 $18,724,096 1 39,696 1,308,276 1 1,301,331 1,301,331 276,710 4,804,509 3,681,467 3,977,462 3,216,365 6,320 1,705 20, 481 6,836 7,932 3,419 300 586 3,501 200 1,175 3,004 326 206 1,040 660 623 176 1,448,276 • 343,861 6,281,806 3,775,607 4,260,698 3,613,848 2,707 279,317 276,710 61,365 460 4,835,251 .! 4,808,687 3,440 3,689 162 1 3 681,467 112 1,642 1 4,178 ■i 58.012 . . 3,987,262 1 3,977,532 70 216, 116 ' 6 23 913 3 439 111 3 431 481 1,032 7 Group 14 GRAPHITE AND GRAPHITE REFINING Continued. S27. 257 $400 $117,300 $82,083 $73,052 $9,031 $25, 365 1 $6,181 $3,671 $342,379 1 4.456 22.801 15,353 101,947 i 6,990 75,093 1,652 71, 400 5.338 3,693 5,271 20,094 .. . . 1 451 2,641 1,030 110,398 231,981 2 400 6,730 3 Group 8 GREASE AND TAL,I,OW— Continued. Group 9 GRINDSTONES— Continued. 8117,746 $12,746 $264,413 $228,053 $30,991 $197,062 96, 226 21,620 12,746 142, 539 121,874 114, 169 113,894 29, 641 1,450 84,1118 112,444 SI. 108, 676 $1,650 $12,369,075 $11,585,110 $4,793,260 $6,791,850 $535, 840 $24,664 $48,802 $174,659 $18,814,533 1 9,471 22,663 1,964 117,785 1,316 6,923 . 10,866 23, 656 215,839 15,378 3,610 45,011 2,874 18,803 261,638 19,863 172, 441 7,741 4,643 147,204 279,877 409, 277 13, 3.52 1,487,892 28,178 52,384 56,987 261,649 2,043,948 93, 115 94, 173 262, 497 20, 321 185,152 2,769,889 446, 577 1,737,238 75,993 129, 364 1,931,312 271,587 373, 676 12,224 1,376,272 26, 706 50,068 54,920 246, 194 1,919,977 84, 127 89, 151 200, 487 18, 492 170, 491 2,669,935 414,193 1,678,707 54,097 125, 400 1,849,417 6,594 346, 118 12,224 127,961 . 8,986 46,812 6,200 264, 993 27,567 l,'248,'5ii' 17,720 3,246 48, 720 245, 194 729,942 1,796 28,836 189,211 6,860 125,650 2,134,4.38 145,243 1,278,976 12, 534 98, .382 185,241 3,795 12,070 260 68,608 1,357 2,131 1,990 5,580 64,948 6,196 3,155 51,653 1,764 13, 173 138,466 29, 490 63,700 21,461 3, 422 63, 632 1,385 1,020 600 544 510 585 10 13,975 37 105 75 100 4,030 140 5,960 75 289 14,226 1,454 3,658 435 292 2,769 2,000 21,927 358 28, 493 78 90 2 10, 675 44,793 3,662 1,700 4,397 383, 529 519, 137 21,944 2,438,117 69,884 77, 460 109,000 364,831 3,022,371 156,940 143,147 523, 212 45, 667 316, 589 4, 158, 487 043, 145 2, 692, 741 136, 329 170, 182 2,932,831 ^ 3 4 6 6 7 500 8 9 1,190,035 82,331 60, 315 11,276 12,632 44,841 435,497 268,950 399,731 ■ 41, 563 27,018 1,664,176 20,200 10 11 90 12 500 13 14 1,199 37,203 1,440 848 15 16 650 17 326 18 19 250 15,494 20 21 S25, 109 $500 $6, 401 $4,350 $788,049 20,593 4,516 5,087 1,314 2,700 1,650 517,069 270.980 600 MFG — PT 1 — 07- -16 242 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 9 OYPSIIM WA1.1, PLASTEK. STATE OR TERRITORY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 176 $13,203,772 S2, 680, 801 $2,671,942 $3,287,191 $4,563,838 163 20,636 California Colorado Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas , , .... 2 3 4 5 6 7 4 3 8 8 8 8 3 35 27 5 18 3 4 3 32 127,200 13,225 1,061,103 89,478 1,401,100 619,509 1,035,836 114,433 3,898,866 1,123,927 598,589 817,724 777,565 91,661 144,839 1,288,717 12,500 1,775 69,322 12,300 216, 103 130, 736 224,750 27,600 1,116,884 78,-744 310, 766 89,700 206,600 6,000 20,740 166,482 22,000 3,100 68,763 13,100 634,899 156,666 226,600 21,000 833,303 118,906 108,866 126,283 73,000 27,300 23,200 216,068 58,866 6,000 71,318 26,280 366,372 180,634 298,500 27,793 832,221 484,944 100,712 169,812 247,000 20,261 66,000 343,688 33,844 2,350 861,700 38,798 184,726 162,683 286,086 38,140 1,116,458 441,334 78,247 431,929 251,065 38,100 45,899 562,679 4 3 7 8 7 8 1 28 24 4 17 3 4 3 32 280 43 662 294 2,328 1,080 2,257 200 6,070 1,762 396 916 825 145 327 3,052 8 . Michigan New Jersey in New York 11 12 13 Ohio Oklahoma Pennsylvania 14 15 16 17 Texas West Virginia Wyoming Group 14 — HAIR WORK. 1 United States 125 $1,131,860 $108, 500 $76,400 $35,934 $911,016 12 62 9 7 14 ■ 3 6 3 3 4i 6 3 8 3 6 19 20,655 143,964 18,900 22,300 19,576 31,226 7,769 688,003 11,026 6,700 109, 194 2,900 5,530 45,110 1,355 4,000 1,323 1,725 875 726 706 16,635 676 250 3,726 700 130 3,210 19,300 133,964 17,577 20,575 18,700 21,500 2,063 690,368 10,460 4,650 33,469 2,200 5,400 30,900 2 1 2 1 3 2,000 4,000 4 Indiana Massachusetts Michigan Missouri 5 f\ ' j 7 s 6,000 1,000 47,000 3,000 4,000 34,000 1 3 Q 5 52 10 Ohio •- n 700 47,000 200 2.5,000 1 2 2 2 ^?■ n Texas Ti 4.800 6,200 Group 2. -HAMOTOCKS. (See also Cordag;e and. twine; Nets and seines.) 10 1 Uniti'd States 14 $289,570 1 $3,700 84,700 $100,394 $180,776 171 5 9 196,613 ' 71,389 29,006 124,224 56,562 4 6 146 26 3 All other states ^ 93,957 , 3,700 4,700 Group 2.— HAND KNIT GOODS. (See also Hosiery and knit goods; and special report on Hosiery and Icnit goods.) 1 United States . . 65 $279,641 $21,400 832,760 846,391 8179,990 16 31 Illinois •> 16 4 3 10 7 13 12 68,205 9, .500 18,150 104,307 23,487 32, 732 23, 160 7,600 2,000 4,500 12,000 1,000 7,600 14,700 4,000 4,100 5,250 1,825 8,616 6,900 34,005 2,600 2,060 99,057 17,062 11,616 13,800 6 2 2 1 1 2 1 13 4 4 1 3 4 2 3 4 1 6 1,300 5, .500 600 3,300 7,100 1,860 7 Wisconsin 8 •Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 1; Connecticut, 2; Delaware, 1; Florida, 1; Georgia, 1; Indian Territory, 2; Kentucky, 2; Maine, 1; Massachusetts, 2; Minnesota, 2; Mississippi, 1; Missouri, 2; Montana, 1; Nebraska,!; Nevada,!; New Mexico, 1; Oregon, 2; South Dakota, 1; Tennessee, 1; Utah,!; Vermont, 1; Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 3. 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 2; Connecticut, 2; District of Columbia, 1; Georgia,!; Iowa,!; Kentucky,!; Louisiana,!; Maine, 2; Maryland, 2; New Hampshire, 1; North Dakota, 1; Rhode Island, !; Tennessee, 1; Virginia, 1; Washington, 1. GENERAL TABLES. STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 9.— CJYPSUM WAL,1. PI.ASTER. 243 Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. ! WAGE-EAENEE.S. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerics, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 72 629 S619, 566 145 $209,987 484 8409,579 419 7 $380, 187 65 S29,392 5,145 2,721 1 1 1 4 4 s 1 SO 20 25 9,800 120 77.195 15,490 20,342 22,396 41,834 16,191 168,638 62, 406 9,371 60, 833 .31,422 8,600 6,639 68,291 1 1 13 7 5 10 4 5 24 20 5 9 8 9 3 21 3,000 120 30,773 6,580 6,880 12,376 7,683 9,172 43,943 26,249 2,056 15,596 16,107 6,100 2,120 21,334 7 6,800 6,800 49 8 156 55 433 181 448 67 1,793 671 111 340 167 40 46 580 22 4 78 39 248 83 234 31 1,024 318 70 165 89 20 r> 5 6 7 8 67 13 20 17 41 6 111 62 20 39 21 3 5 62 46,422 8,910 13,462 10,020 34,251 7,019 124,696 30,156 7,315 45,238 15,315 2,500 4,619 46,957 57 12 16 14 32 6 97 41 18 36 18 3 5 58 39, mii 8,690 12, 167 9,108 29,771 7,019 118,031 32,426 6, 556 43,652 14,007 2,500 4,519 46, 447 10 1 4 3 9 6,826 320 1,295 912 4,480 ' 6 45 11 136 72 25 1 ^ 29 12 1 21 10 14 11 2 4 3 6,664 3,731 760 1,586 1,308 10 11 12 13 14 16 1 1 i s 17 16 8 ^3 4 1,510 279 17 Group 14.— HAIRWORK. ■ 148 126, 897,799 5 S7,800 121 $89,999 58 $50,864 63 $39,135 966 765 1 8 11 3 7 4 3 3 63 8 3 11 3 7 24 ! 25 211 26 17 7 35 32 429 38 12 50 6 18 61 16 164 19 15 7 26 21 338 29 9 46 6 18 62 •> 43 1 .31,193 7S0 6 7,800 38 1 23,393 780 12 9,860 26 1 13,533 780 S 4 t=, "' fi < 7 . 1 s 68 4 67,016 1,180 : 68 4 67, oio 1,180 36 3 34,110 764 32 1 22,906 416 (> lf> 11 3 2,530 3 2,630 1 1,430 2 1,100 !'> 13 14 ' 6,100 7 5,100 6 4,700 1 400 11 Group 2— HAMMOCKS. (See also Cordage and twine; Nets and seines.) 19 26 ' $27,164 6 $7,760 20 $19,404 i 13 $16,144 7 $3,260 380 166 1 4 15 24 ; 23,644 2 3,520 6 7,760 18 2 15,884 3,520 11 2 12,624 3,520 7 3,260 291 89 112 54 2 3 Group 2. — HAND KNIT GOODS. (See also Hosiery and knit goods; and special report on Hosiery^ and knit goods.) 76 26 $18,210 1 26 $18,210 19 $14,630 7 $3,680 616 327 1 1 19 5 3 13 8 12 16 3 3,416 3 3,416 2 3,000 1 ■ 416 108 12 28 131 67 38 132 93 6 15 108 23 28 54 ?. 3 4 21 13,014 21 13,014 16 9,750 6 3,264 6 6 1 1 780 } 780 1,000 i 1 780 1,000 7 1,000 8 ^Includes establishments distributed as follows: Connecticut, 2; Illinois, 1; Maine, 1; Massachusetts, 2; New York, 1; Wisconsin, 2. ^Includes establishments distributed as follows: Idaho, 1; Iowa, 1; Maine, 2; Maryland,!; New Hampshire, 1; Ohio. 2; Rhode Island, 1; Utah, 1; Washington, 2. 244 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 9.— GYPSUI?! \rAIiIi PliASTER— Continued. STATE OR TERRITORY. United States California Colorado Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Michigan New Jersey New York OMo Oklahoma Pennsylvania Texas West Virginia , Wyoming All other states WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Total. Average number. 3,758 =ir! 4 112 39 318 132 343 46 1,376 466 77 232 138 28 34 378 Wages. SI, 890, 360 23,572 2,765 48,016 20,264 162,666 66,274 166,631 26,607 718,624 226,226 33,963 130,076 64,818 11,808 24,289 185,851 Men 16 years and over. Average number. Wages 3,717 81,879,153 35 4 112 ■39 318 132 324 46 1,360 465 77 232 138 28 34 373 23,572 2,766 48,016 20,264 162,666 66,274 161,279 25,607 714,063 224,876 33,963 130,076 54,818 11,808 24,289 184,817 Women 16 years and over. Average number. 37 Wages. S10,627 5,262 4,. 561 350 364 Children under 16 years. Average number. Wages. 8670 670 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. 81,242,716 6,110 1,812 145,947 14,047 61,314 42,713 114,908 24»666 418,666 134,661 26,273 60,346 49,048 2,690 15,734 134,782 Rent of works. $75,136 25 60 3,691 2,194 500 210 600 17,167 34,627 4,155 100 '•i2,'6i7' Taxes, not including internal 848,291 492 120 5,605 386 2,302 1,521 6,484 1,096 16,721 3,165 845 1,888 1,880 325 326 6,145 Cironp 14.— HAIRWOKK— Continued. United States California Illinois Indiana Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York.. .'. Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Texas Wisconsin All other states 863 8334,778 ] 19 7,444 192 65,839 23 7,-904 16 5,450 7 3,055 30 12,193 24 5,678 385 166,402 32 9,111 10 3,930 48 26,237 6 1,044 18 5,178 54 17,413 S89,725 700 5 1 113 2 728 5,842 ; 520 1,200 2,700 I 180 68,. 584 714 4,732 300 4,225 18 183 22 13 7 25 16 270 28 . "l 40 4 18 8243,131 6,716 59,867 7,384 4,100 3,056 9,493 4,598 96,432 8,097 3,930 20,349 744 5,178 13,188 130 '156' 800 386 300 3271,548 8,010 52,018 2,726 3,795 981 7,920 450 168,106 7,084 3,977 8,142 1,570 4,503 12,267 $99,061 5,170 15,480 1,920 2,610 575 5,900 324 45,832 2,020 900 6,724 1,190 1,284 9,132 $5,655 60 341 117 35 31 270 90 924 71 27 85 10 3,044 450 Oroup 2.— HAMMOCKS— Continued. 1 United States Peimsylvania All other states 271 $91,379 104 8.39,910 147 848, 169 20 $3,300 $85,432 .511, 585 $368 2 3 21(i 55 1 75,593 15,786 75 29 1 32,427 7,483 121 26 j 39,866 8,303 20 3,300 71,842 13,690 9,400 2,185 32 336 (iroup 2 HAND KNIT GOODS— Continued. 1 United States Illinois Massachusetts 377 878,583 45 $18,391 326 $59,2.53 6 8939 $97,393 810,419 $796 2 3 97 9 16 .i 114 .1 28 28 84 36,420 2,672 3,593 15,855 5,251 6,663 10,136 20 4 2 3 2 3 11 9,985 1,460 660 832 840 973 3,641 74 5 14 111 23 26 73 24,950 1,212 2,933 15,023 3,957 4,6&3 0,496 3 48.5 8,548 743 705 66,634 12,074 4,083 4,006 4,466 120 216 2,929 1,210 346 1,133 212 13 139 ^ 'i 6 Pennsylvania Wisconsin 3 464 70 217 145 GENERAL TABLES. 245 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 9.— GYPSUM WAl,l4 PliASTER— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— COnf d . COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of offlces, interest, etc. Contract work. .Vggregiite. I'rincipal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw state. $1,296,392 Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing " all other materials"). $976,915 §142,374 $■1,725,919 $l,ll53..'ijll j $2,757,438 3495,633 S19,280 $59, 196 $98,081 810. 164, 185 1 5,593 1,042 136,651 11, 467 41,439 1,722 232,355 ' 125,596 121,405 79,233 380, 070 109, 046 2.093,910 381,965 33,865 339,587 96. 178 69,925 27,073 592,551 29,939 1,210 217,206 119,963 59,7S(I 47,609 293,347 103, 719 1,911,466 311,717 13,9&5 294,469 47,901 64,900 13,835 522, 786 9, 886 500 147, 508 16,230 22,712 3,773 70, 189 36,039 680,274 26,858 693 129, 760 5,461 28,000 2,860 116, 759 20,0.53 710 69,698 104, 733 37,068 43,836 223,168 67,680 1,231,191 284,859 13,392 164,709 42,450 36, 900 10,975 406, 026 3,615 268 8,795 3,856 57,257 27, 435 75, 129 4,361 126,340 42,215 18, 202 21,691 46,091 620 12,829 48,829 581 180 1,700 1,400 300 9.3.323 10,000 419,831 197,969 626,847 271,680 842,365 204,262 3,735,405 1,037,175 130,716 762,919 365, 424 144,093 89,569 1,242,707 2 3 590 64 3 104 ' 4 5 6 7 58, 162 38,494 350 2,698 1,827 2,189 11,504 9f,5 13,. W9 14, 480 1,188 2,515 786 105 409 6,650 2,241 2,000 1 108,214 90 1 23,069 38,013 12,183 490 16,692 2,400 4,000 307,950 44,979 18,312 43,371 47,168 2,265 15,408 114. -70 77,S3S .J2,000 6,116 932 5,623 1,370 10 11 4,320 13 14 300 16 16 1,&50 3,516 11,771 17 Cironp 14.— HAIRWOKK— Continued. S156.972 $9,960 $727,688 $717,306 8618,562 8198,744 .$2,977 S4,710 S283 .82, 412 SI, 782, 491 1 2,780 750' 260' 8,852 122,029 10,377 7,003 4,525 24.660 8,854 466.072 8.889 4,212 27,790 1,445 3,895 29,185 8,816 120,099 10,327 6,840 4,500 23,900 8,649 461,054 8,750 4,076 27.289 1,250 3,220 28,637 5,160 42,369 7,310 1,420 3,160 8,300 8,240 383,566 8,260 3,000 23,600 3,666 77,730 3,017 6,420 1,350 16,600 409 77,498 500 1,075 3,689 1,260 45 7,496 36 666 37, 120 348,264 26,157 24,900 13,750 61,500 23,860 1,012,150 30,913 17,286 77,817 9,176 19,250 81,360 o 35, 447 16 .50 43 1,250 1 689 890 375 1,750 36 102,451 4,993 3,050 1,333 370 123 2,686 120 . 25 400 5 fi S. $98 50 169 1,927 14 45 135 10 200 36 .530 75 181 65 7 8 2,348 213 60 10 9 S2 186 130 530 189 11 I'' 52" n 3,175 21,042 145 384 14 75 15 $71,679 60,610 11,060 $1,800 $189, 780 166.891 Group 2.— HAMMOCKS— Continued. $185,025 $185,025 $2,172 162,950 162,9.50 \ 1,930 22,075 22,076 i 242 81,486 1,000 73 ! 711 62 Group 2 HAND KNIT GOODS— Continued. 300 24 $446,815 378,603 68,312 $24,208 $61,970 $195, 666 $191,225 86,157 $185,068 $1,653 S747 $437 $1,504 $518,315 1 2,720 610 350 13,660 ' 1,760 3,153 1,955 1,150 66, 108 3,365 2,194 66,666 27, 177 18,273 11,783 64,285 3,066 1,135 66,467 26,928 17,699 11,645 64,286 3,066 1,136 66, 467 ■ 26,928 11, .542 11,645 881 229 106 25 25 309 78 260 60 168 75 60 100 24 107 10 35 32 164 S3 6 575 750' 67 150,688 13, 045 9,929 211,711 59,071 37,080 36, 791 ?. 3 4 50,045 9,634 368 773 5 6 6,167 82 30 7 8 246 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 10 HAIVD STAMPS. STATE OR TERKITORY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number ol estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 224 81,231,866 $12,850 S24.67S J558,441 11635.900 84 329 1 •> 13 4 4 3 3 25 4 19 6 4 11 3 5 43 17 19 3 6 4 3 4 4 17 68,259 16,900 8,800 16,500 11,784 177,642 7,410 80,077 13,740 8,105 60,189 14,150 42,874 251,382 32,202 224,666 2,900 11,025 7,000 41,500 13-, 925 51,260 69,576 525 32,264 9,300 6,750 10,000 4,820 81,797 5,150 32,503 8,666 3,250 22,036 7,750 5,400 100,409 17,253 117,253 1,800 6,300 2,950 10,000 10,675 28,158 33,967 35,4S0 7,600 1,550 6,600 6,964 95,845 2,260 47,574 6,074 4,855 38,163 2,700 27,674 150,673 14,749 100,413 1,100 4,725 4,050 16,000 3,250 23,102 35,609 4 3 2 2 13 6 2 25 3 Colorado 4 2.5a 250 5 R 7 Illinois 11 1 9 2 1 7 3 1 14 2 8 36 5 26 23 3 18 7 3 41 13 34 S q Massachusetts. . 10 Michigan 11 1? 11 Nebraska ■3,606 1,300 200 100 4,000 200 8,500 100 100 3,000 14 15 New York 16 Ohio 17 IS South Carolina 19 2 2 3 1 2 4 10 2 18 3 16 25 ''0 Texas.. . ■'1 Virginia. 3,500 12,000 m Washington Wisconsin '3 ?4 All other states • Qroup 3.— HARDWARE. (See also Cutler)' and edge tools; Files; SavFs; Tools, not elsewhere specified,) United States California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Iowa Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Texas Wisconsin All other states 2. . . 852,884,078 4,875 29,445,329 4,604,750 228,800 334,214 118,174 57,832 1,121,307 631,234 32,893 318,822 58,285 1,385,704 4,314,427 3,313,224 6,549,992 19,300 9,360 178,747 366,819 82,884,747 1,360 1,132,899 236,647 27,000 17,522 6,060 700 54,524 77,150 23,000 93,900 301,290 197,550 600 13,100 63,850 87,926,932 $15,997,921 1,700 4,365,227 718,289 53,000 48,100 23,519 7,000 124,719 90,149 55,019 3,500 224,639 642,397 495,832 1,100,896 500 24,876 67,570 950 9,327,883 986,679 80,800 130,708 36,316 9,705 323,438 229,905 20,440 76,615 27,608 642,012 1,231,620 871,693 1,871,668 4,600 5,700 66,285 153,396 $26,074,478 875 14,629,320 2,563,236 68,000 137,884 63,289 40,427 618,626 134,030 12,453 164,188 27,277 625,153 2,239,120 1,748,149 2,928,613 14,700 2,660 74,486 92,003 394 37,626 27 17,679 3,010 313 220 232 41 1,006 1,207 24 731 31 1,066 2,710 4,067 4,541 9 18 256 Group 3.— hardware:, SADDI^ERV. United States California ^Connecticut Illinois Massachusetts New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states"... $4,319,151 1,756 763,264 146,271 45,965 1,160,592 804,520 470,084 38,948 196,295 691,456 $327,470 57,570 15.000 3,000 73,700 77,800 16,000 7,100 11,600 66,800 $663,969 121,830 28,178 7,000 166,854 146,990 46,618 6,699 64,400 76,600 8813,634 795 163,502 31,720 17,741 159,097 186,679 112,405 10,574 37,050 104,071 $2,514,078 961 430,362 71,373 18,224 760,941 393,051 295,161 14,575 83,345 446,086 3,772 1,161 80 40 448 461 491 38 318 746 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 1; Florida, 1; Iowa, 1; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 2; Maine, 1; Maryland 2- New Hampshire 2' North Dakota, 1; Oklahoma,!; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 1; West Virginia, 2. ' ' ^ ' ' 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Florida, 1; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 2; New Hampshire, 2; North Carolina, 2; Tennessee, 1- Vermont 2- Virginia, 1; West Virginia, 1. . . . , , GENERAL TABLES. 247 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continupd. Group 10— HAND STAJMTPS. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EAENEES. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. General superintendents, managers, clcrlis, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. 1S2 Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 247 226 $181,895 44 $70,337 $111,558 120 $87,664 62 $23,894 1,098 858 1 13 2 3 6 3 26 4 26 8 14 1 4 9 3 45 10,931 1,200 3,600 6,224 1,420 3 2,000 12 1 4 9 1 38 8,931 1,200 3,500 6,224 172 17,146 8 1 2 5 6,732 1,200 2,500 4,660 4 2,199 58 16 16 30 12 113 21 96 22 13 60 12 16 240 41 150 4 13 7 27 11 37 84 43 12 10 2 2 4 1 13 1,000 1,664 172 5,267 <\ ■> 1,248 7,008 24,153 i 7 25 11,878 91 21 76 18 13 42 11 16 204 34 89 3 12 3 20 7 30 64 7 8 23 18,848 4 6,500 ; 19 1 12,348 16 9,958 4 2,390 9 3 ■1 i,566 6,167 1,500 6,300 36,602 3,383 24,613 ^ 2 1 1,500 2,422 L.'ino i 3 1 1 14 3. 11 1,000 2,172 1,600 1,300 11,390 1,322 10,012 1 ' 1 500 250 9 1 7 3 1 4 2 3 3,746 12 iJ 6 5,000 23,720 1,011 12,706 1 ! 1.300 . 14 47 24 18 34 9 22 18 7 17 12,882 2,372 11,908 4 4 6 i,492 1,050 1,896 15 16 17 IS 1 900 1 900 1 900 19 6 '0 3 19 8,200 3,120 9,068 14,266 19 1 4 23 8,200 720 4,068 14,266 11 1 3 14 6,200 720 8 2,000 '1 5 ' 2 1 1 2,400 6,000 •>•> 3 21 5 23 3,200 11,120 1 9 868 3,146 23 ''A Gronp 3. — HARDWAItE:. (See also Cutlery and edge tools; Files; Saivs; Tools, not elsetvliere specllied.) 333 2,617 $3,089,806 372 81,009,248 2,246 $2,080,658 1,807 81,879,104 438 $201,454 35,612 27,743 1 1 218 1 1,109 228 6 17 4 7 50 36 7 10 5 73 240 175 253 5 218 1,003,829 235,379 4,575 13,708 4,000 3,684 37,667 31,346 3,875 7,900 3,396 124,665 197,142 191,162 203,359 3,160 1 218 7 16,991 2,960 137 267 56 49 921 656 49 304 43 1,226 2,868 3,091 5,517 9 11 4 13,847 1,972 113 156 39 36 468 494 31 133 23 993 1,916 2,672 4,644 7 7 ? 40 42 4 4 6 15 27 6 2 1 4 24 54 19 56 4 2 8 10 1,224 1,395,959 300 434,269 10 11,275 24 • 21,308 6 i 6,400 9 1 4,884 67 ' 99,392 49 ' 71,245 8 ! 5,375 19 , 26,500 7 i 4,996 83 158,156 285 295,251 202 250,772 291 i 280,453 ! 6 4,160 ; 1 1,200 15 12,061 10 5,933 115 72 4 2 2 17 13 1 9 2 10 45 27 38 1 392,130 198,890 6,700 7,600 2,400 1,200 61,825 39,900 1,500 18,600 1,600 33,500 98,109 59,620 77,094 1,000 1,200 909 177 3 13 3 7 29 28 4 10 4 64 176 143 219 3 909,066 210,889 2,820 11,896 3,500 3,684 28,084 28,503 2,661 7,900 3,006 120,533 167,866 176,880 189,146 2,360 200 51 3 4 1 94,763 24,490 1,755 1,812 600 3 4 5 6 7 8 2i' 8 3 9,483 2,842 1,224 9 10 11 1 '9 64 32 34 2 390 4,122 29,276 14,272 14,213 800 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 4 3,900 2,480 13 6 8,161 3,453 11 3 7,741 2,361 2 3 420 1,092 143 309 90 200 20 21 Group 3 HARD «V ARE, SADDIiERY. 239 $279,490 28 862,200 211 8217,290 181 $203,327 30 $13,963 3,783 2,965 1 14 957 92 44 805 566 347 36 321 601 10 707 70 26 710 463 310 30 212 427 ?. 47 9 6 59 38 37 2 11 30 69,008 9,676 4,020 59,733 40,932 48,909 1,200 7,080 38,932 10 20,900 37 9 i 5^ 35 37 2 8 21 48,108 9,676 4,020 62,233 33,432 48,909 1,200 4,080 15,632 34 7 5 48 30 36 2 6 15 46,600 8,326 3,500 48,696 31,232 48,069 1,200 2,800 13,004 3 2 1 8 5 2 1,508 1,350 620 3,637 2,200 840 3 4 5 3 3 7,600 7,500 6 7 8 9 I 3,000 23,300 ■ 3 6 1,280 2,628 10 11 ' Includes establishments distributed as follows: Indiana, 2; Virginia, 1. Kansas, 1; Minnesota, 1; Missouri, 2; New Hampshire, 1; Tennessee, 1; Vermont, 1; West 248 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 10 HAND STAMPS— Continued. WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES . STATE OR TEERITOEY. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States 976 8511,808 792 8454,849 122 844,550 62 $12,409 $276^549 $111,036 83,853 ? 47 14 13 29 11 100 21 85 22 13 48 12 16 219 35 130 3 13 5 24 9 34 73 30, 193 12,441 4,475 11,796 5,494 60,541 10,784 39,746 9,390 7,150 27,502 7,412 8,207 108,200 18,809 74,384 1,700 7,870 3,700 11,332 4,762 15,934 29,996 38 14 7 26 8 87 19 62 17 12 37 10 16 174 32 96 3 12 5 24 8 25 62 26,632 12,441 3,300 10,982 4,940 56,970 9,848 30,828 8,092 6,850 24,474 6,424 8,055 95,456 18,110 61,497 1,700 7,568 3,700 11,332 4,596 14,374 26,790 5 2,507 4 1,154 26,080 3,855 3,442 4,650 5,538 50,782 2,053 23,042 3,420 2,943 14,455 1-415 8,310 2,160 1,350 3,184 1,224 13,216 1,153 12,468 1,408 1,860 7,180 1,140 434 19,943 4,548 14,125 525 2,690 1,860 300 1,860 3,360 6,748 195 120 92 118 91 378 74 642 96 78 410 105 176 • 239 147 146 21 100 35 98 35 172 285 3 4 5 1 1 7 2 21 5 1 3 1 1,100 450 260 2,383 936 8,417 1,298 300 1,100 832 1 2 2 6 76 364 294 1,188 5 6 District of Columbia 8 q Massachusetts 2| 601 in 11 Minnesota T Missouri 8 1 1 10 1 13 1,928 156 13 14 New Jersey 152 4,496 1,919 .13.307 15 35 2 22 10,826 660 10, 400 16 Ohio 139 2,487 8,093 27,797 1,071 4,166 17 Pennsylvania. . 18 South Carolina 19 1 312 ?n Texas 2,330 6,204 2,845 7,463 17,103 ?1 Virginia 90 Washington 1 8 2 166 1,290 606 ?3 1 270 9 2.600 ''4 All other states Jiroup 3.— HARD\V.*KE— Continued. United States California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Iowa Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Jersey New York" Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Texas Wisconsin All other states 31,713 5 15,488 2,423 116 228 50 42 711 .-)H3 35 1,064 2,356 2,852 6,101 7 8 115 239 814,580,589 2,349 7,323,041 1,283,661 54,026 96,740 16,729 15,996 381,649 261,422 16,038 135,353 12,645 506,044 1,104,231 1,308,360 1,932,724 3,084 4,664 48,665 85,278 26,690 813,270,443 5 12,673 2,225 100 180 49 39 647 532 34 219 19 806 2,151 2,644 4,191 7 8 111 160 2,349 6,565,248 1,225,012 50,836 84,340 16,273 16, 496 366,764 238,080 14,799 122,963 10,438 435,084 1,048,069 1,228,794 1,730,402 3,084 4,664 47,271 60,487 3,728 $1,043,266 2,356 167 1 37 7 184 185 266 410 652,769 51,141 90 10,480 456 6,210 10,576 239 1,820 57,164 52,063 72,252 108,294 250 19,462 105,024 7,508 3,100 1,920 600 8,676 2,766 12,400 387 12,796 4,099 ■ 7,304 94,028 1,144 5,329 $5,045,210 254 2,637,914 695,651 22,009 25,914 14,031 5,470 82,272 73,848 4,583 22,349 9,825 180,449 384,065 224,635 593,646 2,154 790 28,938 36,613 $218,013 120 39,972 39,346 606 360 1,964 15,176 5,180 1,762 1,320 1,660 16,871 50,851 10,234 29,146 900 336 1,882 348 8236,005 58 127,466 18,438 1,549 1,259 600 206 7,016 5,647 85 2,218 213 5,301 14,195 16, 437 20,454 79 29 13,211 1,545 Group 3. HARDWARE, SADDliERV— Continued. 1 United States 3,395 81,623,890 2,966 ; $1,510,380 372 $101,067 68 812,453 $525,416 824,358 824,984 o 10 894 78 35 755 507 330 33 273 480 6,447 448,274 39,938 19,674 381,260 * 234,803 168,244 15,389 127,914 192,947 9 1 688 66 35 676 432 317 30 263 449 6,267 397,278 37,106 19,674 358,684 21 4,. 554 154,236 14,8.32 126,426 183,423 1 18 6 180 3,653 1,272 777 149,947 21,240 4,424 100,370 82,178 69,957 3,057 34,522 58,944 696 250 1,130 1,914 5,386 8,996 3,784 662 100 1,542 7 7,045 462 298 6,166 3,001 3,088 212 1,027 3,688 3 Connecticut 188 6 47,343 1,560 Illinois S Massachusetts fi 66 4 7' 24 22,376 18,278 1,200 ii862' 8,498 2 9 9 3 3 7 300 1,971 2,808 567 686 1,026 7 New York Ohio 9 Pennsylvania 10 11 All other states GENERAL TABLES. 249 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued. Group lO.— HANO STAMPS— Continued. Aggregate. S564. 72S 22, 877 6,853 3,430 10, 636 2,960 .59, 791 S, 291 74,060 B, 256 2, 707 51, 496 5,645 32, 749 96, 224 10, 801 82,050 886 4.021 2.220 8,735 3,519 21,207 47, 314 COST OF MATERIALS USED. Principal materials. Total. 5:i4, 946 21, 496 6,200 2,995 9,600 2,727 56,124 7,828 72, 444 5,641 2,528 49, 571 5,000 32,038 91, 625 9,847 77, 979 846 3,766 1,950 7,024 2,985 19, 971 44, 761 Purchased in raw state. 3, "/Ol 300 Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). S.530, 695 21, 496 1 6,200 2,845 9,600 2,727 56, 124 7,828 72, 444 5,641 2,528 49, 571 5,000 32,038 87, 924 9,547 77, 979 846 3,766 1,900 7,024 2,985 19,971 44,711 Rent of Fuel. power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. 811,594 690 338 275 81,244 1, .322 255 903 120 494 398 100 2,044 356 1,900 BO 2.35 210 200 580 928 75 80 10 200 20 148 20 46 52 40 1.39 35 223 "3 10 15 51 10 18 7 490 160 30 450 175 1,832 160 396 160 27 552 150 200 468 195 517 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. $2,017,531 12,5,031 30,000 19, 225 56,000 22, 993 241,911 27, 269 188,871 30, 548 21,897 132, 775 26, 100 71,058 394, 889 62, ,366 241,278 i 5,900 ! 26,291 'i 18,500 40,330 I 21 22,600 22 68, 190 ' 23 143,509 I 24 Oroup a.— HARDWARE— Continued. $4,352,099 S239. 093 SUi.631,214 76 2,306,449 606,218 20,460 24,049 1,3,071 3,310 59, 541 63,021 2,404 18,811 7,962 157, 477 314, 259 165,925 540, 576 1, 175 425 12, 170 34, 720 164. 02s 31,649 800 4,760 31, 9.39 3,370 "i,"675" 1,748. 7,527.911 2,301,841 110, 467 131,437 .39, 753 30,217 451, 000 372, 442 12, 662 130, .363 19, 987 525, 087 1,559,484 1,268,846 1,842. .561 43, .391 4,770 110,029 147,218 816,031,453 1,457 6,646,971 2, 172, 205 104, 450 113, 695 35, 345 26, 71)2 427, 760 332, 744 11,985 105, 376 18,975 485, 137 1, 456, 680 1,144,845 1, 658, 561 42,315 4,425 101,929 139, 836 814,854,717 1,457 6,641,554 2, 172, 205 104, 450 113,695 35, 345 26, 762 427, 760 162, 744 11,985 105, 376 18, 975 485,087 1, 456, 680 1,144,845 l,6.'i8,042 42,315 4,425 101,929 139, 086 8811,023 8114,129 I ,5416,984 128, 622 67, 636 60, 609 15,088 5,547 7,707 486 3,870 60 2,835 53S 10, 726 6, 979 5,884 2,412 229 363 18,015 996 767 75 25,889 1,815 52,856 10, 732 95, 787 1,131 81,251 4,172 i 1 300 183 120 4,481 148 5,444 1,078 3 288. 188 38. 725 470 1,319 476 82 5,334 1,51] 55 5,976 45 11,326 11,759 23, 380 27, 495 29 20 231 .560 8257, 625 96, 494 15,214 8,230 201 29, 891 125 920 27, 457 3,703 71,082 670 20 3,240 300 845,770,171 6,940 21,480,652 5,405,348 227,688 317,065 85,583 i 97, 021 1, 245, 444 839, 006 45, 764 340, 690 12 55, 245 13 1,714,149 14 4,044,156 .15 3,695,404 16 5,554,157 17 02, ,100 18 15, 203 19 230, 159 20 307,997 21 Group 3 HARDWARE, SADD1.ERV— Continued. 8407,339 868,735 81, 830, 108 81,622,320 8200 $1,622,120 $156,915 88,397 818, 719 823, 757 $4, 820, 726 1 175 142,652 19, 648 2,212 87,023 69,002 20.085 2,183 11,395 52,964 1,283 373,514 71, 679 17,030 445,998 286, 119 179, 844 14,246 131, 604 308, 791 1,202 313, 896 68, 639 15, 196 414, 428 255,388 154,515 ■ 12, 420 1 115,052 271,584 1,202 313,896 68, 639 15, 196 414, 428 2F\ 388 Ibi, 315 12,420 115,052 271, 584 81 58,876 1,799 738 20, 866 17, 474 17,999 988 14,772 23, 322 14, 472 1, 150, 019 181, 592 59, 837 1, 151, 789 735,239 467, 331 47, 198 339,515 673, 734 2 50 740 683 2,308 1,060 136 350 540 2,530 692 336 257 7,948 4.595 2,038 87 394 2,372 3 165 156 448 7,602 5,156 401 846 8,983 4 5 1,805 1,180 4.3,000 6 7 200 8 9 22,000 750 10 11 250 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14.— HAT AND CAP ITIATERIAL,S. STATE OR TEEKITOEY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. 1 Total. i Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United states 65 84,264,651 8117,920 8192,774 8664,888 83,289,069 54 2,279 2 3 4 Conneeticat Massachusetts ' - New Jersey 11 5 18 31 596,559 804,065 761,968 2,102,059 21,620 8,000 60,800 27,500 54,732 10,000 88,042 40,000 128,979 202,868 117,135 215,906 391,228 583,197 495,991 1,818,653 10 4 17 23 599 174 962 544 1 Oroup 2. -HATS AND CAPS, OTHER THAN FEliT, STRAW, AND WOOL,. United States California Connecticut Illinois Kentuciiy Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Wisconsin All other states 2. . . 209 21 43 6 5 84,185,150 63,833 51,100 174,514 2,350 77,126 521,137 . 159,530 42,400 184, 485 196,700 1,954,987 207,005 453,325 22,245 37,250 37,163 898,600 8155,536 1,000 1,500 100 20,000 32,000 100 22,800 1,000 2,500 200 12,800 3,500 20', 200 25,000 700 2,000 40,000 30,036 300 4,000 5,000 8483,346 12,809 4,100 23,992 1,400 7,260 72,033 12,600 8,700 18,660 23,500 201,382 17,631 62,589 4,100 5,839 6,850 83,447,7 49,024 43,000 150,222 950 36,866 420,604 146,930 31,000 165,925 113,200 1,690,969 188,974 339,236 18,146 31,411 21,313 12 7 39 1 3 112 7 9 279 67 Oroup 2. — HATS, FELT. (See al80 special report on Wool manuractures.) United States California Connecticut Illinois Massachusetts New Jersey New York Pennsylvania All other states 3. . . $23,258,104 .32,975 3,361,884 46,050 1,845,307 4,331,313 4,441,470 8,777,678 432,427 81,958,611 100,346 4,000 136,670 250, 792 351,044 1,111,860 4,000 82,887,309 383,535 6,000 446,419 676, 102 464,634 907,. 519 3,100 35,318,675 6,576 864,028 10,100 534,397 638,619 863,392 2,312,667 89,997 813,093,509 27,400 2,003,976 24,960 727,921 2,765,800 2,762,400 4,445,732 335.330 165 18,695 1 8 45 4 3,829 14 6 1,295 64 28 19 8 5,531 3,537 3,913 568 Group 14 — HATS, STRAW. United States California Connecticut Georgia Maryland Massachusetts New York I^ennsylvania All other states ^. . . 6,216 7S,202 162,634 97,435 1,451.855 1,544,265 1,502,115 320,345 879,465 8271,602 90,000 26,602 100,000 15,000 40,000 172,868 210,657 25,000 18,086 I 131,119 $1,072,800 13,843 i 35,734, 22,289 I 195,610 j 382,752 { 183,814 45,382 193,476 64,359 126,800 75,146 993,477 924,364 1,193,301 241,878 514.870 3 3 3 5 13 21 ,749 5 225 66 861 629 634 1 Includes 2 establishments in Pennsylvania. 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 1; Delaware, 1 District of Columbia, 1; Indiana, 1; Tennessee, 1; Texas, 1; Virginia, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 251 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Uroup 14.— HAT AND CAP mATElRIALS. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. iSALA corporations. Salaries. Aggregate. Number. Salaries. Officers of Number. 87 114 , S12(i,972 22 j S32,220 13 20 21.670 6 U 12.640 20 38 37.758 48 ji 45 54,904 1 1 16 6 2,000 5,000 17,590 7,630 .SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ET( . WAGF-EARNERS. 13 7 51 4 14 36 9 10 j 327 31 60 10 7 10 23 1 10 ; 53 12 ' 10 17 38 176 30 iNumuer. walancs. ! il2 «94, 752 'l 19 10 1 23 1 40 19,670 7,640 20, 168 47,274 enntender Its, managers. Men. Salaries. $91,. 386 3lerks, etc W Number. omen. Greatest number employed , at any one time dur- ' ing tlie year, 2,764 Least number employed at any one time dur- Number. Salaries. ing the year. 86 6 S3, 366 2,120 19 19,670 7,640 18,940 45, 136 481 348 606 1,329 294 309 448 1,069 10 21 36 2 4 1,228 2,138 Oroup 3 HATS AND CAPS, OTHER THAN FEliT, STRAW, AND WOOL.. 5436,915 1 4,400 7,525 16,920 660 3,784 59, 228 6,007 14.245 15, 662 36, 520 188,248 35.382 43,235 3.759 350 $79,159 I $366,766 4,600 "ii,'360" 5,140 35,000 21, 100 "i,"959" 5 9 23 1 10 49 12 6 13 38 171 30 4,400 7,525 16,920 650 3,784 54,628 6,007 2,885 10, 522 36, 520 163,248 35, 382 22, 135 1,800 350 $322,287 34 11 6 12 35 148 24 3,440 6,525 13, 392 650 3,485 47,668 5,695 2,886 10,022 35,020 140, 430 32, 144 18, 781 1,800 350 $34, 469 960 1,000 3,528 299 6,960 312 600 1,500 12,818 3,238 3,354 Oroup 2. — HATS, FEIjT. (See also special report on Wool manufactures.) Oroup 14 HATS, STRAW. 93 58 653 16 126 686 223 96 185 302 4,227 374 743 71 59 74 5,557 77 52 310 314 186 77 160 241 2,954 326 618 41 61 46 252 1,367 1 $1,488,236 86 ' $248, 531 1,282 31,239,705 1,083 $1,136,642 199 $103, 163 24,345 19, 692 1 2 4 7 non 1 26 1 3,000 60,264 750 3 423 7 69 265 224 269 22 4,000 366,256 6,168 92,817 257, 069 241,659 264.886 16,860 3 375 ■ 5 66 223 183 222 16 4,000 341,177 5,222 86,565 234,867 216,797 233,474 14, 460 28 5,918 43 1,753 6,870 5,180 4,932 621 14 4,540 30 1,532 5,230 3,701 4,240 406 'I 9 81 52 "'^ ]8 449 426,510 8 6,908 69 92,817 1 292 318,144 235 263, 889 283 346,058 I 27 26,910 1 48 2 13 42 41 47 6 25,079 936 6,262 22,212 24,862 21,412 2,400 3 4 27 11 14 5 61,075 22,230 91,172 10,050 6 7 8 9 79 i 438 $486, 541 61 $134,350 387 $362, 191 289 $297, 545 98 $54,646 8,049 1,975 1 1 4!, 20 9 34 81 76 96 36 87 17,220 10,852 28,257 135,975 90,945 98,014 32,247 73, 031 5 7,200 15 9 25 66 64 90 36 82 10,020 10, 852 13, 407 67,925 65, 545 84, 514 32,247 67,681 8 7 21 55 62 60 27 59 6,780 10,072 11,987 62, 549 57,906 63,624 27,583 67, 145 7 2 4 11 12 30 9 23 3,240 780 1,420 5,376 7,640 20,990 4,664 10, 636 97 437 160 1,482 2,635 1,886 347 1,015 34 95 98 275 619 534 93 327 2 3 9 15 12 5 14,850 68,060 25,400 13,500 4 6 1 17 31 9 11 i 6 6 8 5 5,350 9 3 Includes establishments distributed as follows; Delaware, 1; Indiana,l; Iowa,l; Maine, 1; Minnesota,2; Missouri, 2; Montana,l; New Hampshire, 1; Ohio, 2; Ehode Island, 1; Texas, 1; West Virginia, 1. •Includes establishments distributed as follows: Illinois, 1; Michigan, 1; Minnesota, 1; Missouri, 1; New Jersey, 2; Ohio, 1: Virginia, 2; Wisconsin, 1. 252 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Oronp 14.— HAT AlVB CAP MATEKIAliS— Continued. STATE OR TEKEITOKY. WAGE-EAENEES AITD WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Cliildren under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States Connecticut.. 2,414 $848,751 1,576 $638,872 800 3202,601 38 87,278 8343,780 883,707 S7,617 ■> 365 328 529 1,192 135,008 95,303 188,799 429,641 1 273 295 255 753 112,039 87,903 120,335 318,595 76 29 259 436 20,023 6,650 65,507 110,421 16 4 15 3 2,946 750 2,957 625 75,255 78,783 22,570 167,172 5,472 11,409 3,876 62,950 1,410 1,140 2,972 2,095 3 4 New Jersey 5 Group 3.— HATS AND CAPS, OTHER THAN FEL.T, STRAW, AND WOOl.— Continued. United States. California. .. Connecticut. Illinois Kentucky . . . Maryland Massachusetts . Michigan Minnesota 10 Missouri 11 I New Jersey. 12 New Yorlc.. 13 ; Ohio 14 Pennsylvania... 15 I Rhode Island . . . 16 I Wisconsin 17 All other states. 6,594 76 54 436 13 109 479 190 7(:> 171 269 3,522 349 684 50 56 60 83,353,589 42,447 33, 782 253,275 6,958 .57,659 275,990 90,860 32, 140 86,439 141,509 1,858,635 138,821 263,712 26,738 23,112 21,512 4,477 36 42 271 7 276 170 33 78 213 2,725 131 314 31 34 27 82,634,378 29,296 30,244 185,570 4,250 .o0,853 193,321 80,688 19,234 49,792 121,909 1,568,599 78,230 170,424 21,526 16,562 13,880 39 10 160 20 196 19 43 86 56 791 209 356 19 22 30 8708, 791 12,891 3,300 66,430 2,708 6,806 81,470 9,964 12,906 35,359 19,600 288,256 59,019 91,108 5,212 6,550 7,212 810,420 260 238 1,275 1,199 208 1,288 1,780 1,572 2,180 8781,322 16,111 6,223 63,980 1,132 5,137 110,443 38,318 4,719 17,900 36,700 366,302 45,648 57,008 j 3,799 ! 3,068 4,834 I 8253,294 1,321 22,576 576 2,161 21,348 5,280 1,810 8,718 1,035 150,191 13,034 14,318 1,080 1,230 2,328 810,692 165 85 .508 26 271 3,187 532 692 262 543 1,161 762 2,045 26 131 196 Groui> 2.— HATS, FE1.T— Continued. United States California Connecticut Illinois Massachusetts New Jersey New York Pennsylvania All other states 22,047 23 5,158 37 1,586 5,705 4,397 4,619 522 811,282,237 15,280 2,696,091 24,244 626,824 3,275,888 2,309,061 2,122,085 212,764 15,432 12 3,560 17 937 4,391 2,981 3,192 342 89,166,347 10,260 2,193,266 16,760 417,316 2,798,177 1,807,600 1,761,146 161,743 6,166 11 1,584 20 612 1,289 1,377 1,094 179 82,035,685 5,020 499,295 7,484 202,021 472,523 493,291 305, 198 50,&i3 880,205 82,831,107 37 25 39 333 1 3,540 "7^488' 5,188 8,080 55,741 168 2,539 408,246 5,242 272,019 576,951 912,359 596,077 68,764 Group 14 — HATS, STKA W-Continued. 8147,563 1,780 29,745 3,230 2,205 39,945 43, 178 8,220 19,260 865,342 159 13,227 187 7,693 12,774 13,701 15,751 1,850 1 United States California 6,667 82,433,974 1,992 81,175,616 3,531 81,262,119 44 86,2.39 8817,352 8138,164 819,749 2 51 330 129 1,139 1,722 1,342 267 587 22,240 140,367 35,000 460,363 825,831 614,413 111,966 223,804 9 135 25 406 659 600 07 191 6,510 71,302 10,.548 242,147 409,311 291,146 41,310 103,343 42 193 104 698 1,063 840 200 ,391 15,730 68,655 24,4.52 213,411 416,520 322,984 70,6.56 119,711 10,206 13,703 6,593 195,300 135,940 210,509 60,679 184,362 3,780 7,000 3,420 31,209 5,845 69,275 10,930 6,705 4 168 461 7,217 7,411 1,123 440 2,925 3 4 Connecticut Georgia Maryland 2 i 400 «i 6 Massachusetts New York ' 7 - 284 8 Pennsylvania 9 6 7.50 GENERAL TABLES. 253 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190,5— Continued. tiroiip 1-1.— HAT AND <'AP MATERIALS— rmiliniiid. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF M.VTERLVL.S USEII. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Contract work. Aggregatr. Principal materials. , Fuel. Freight. Kent of offices, interest, etc. Total. I'lirehasi'd in i raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials ' ',) . .?2. 371. 3.57 Rent of power and lieat. Mill sup- plies. S237. 7,S8 S14.668 '! ?4. 216. 906 S4.09.S.(«)2 ' SI. 727.335 843,325 .524.305 S6, 124 S44.460 86,440,108 1 68,373 66,234 43ti.S:iS ' 40S.33,S •' 303.838 .561.017 , 544..>i:!K 419,102 104.. 500 125.734 236,207 1,904.916 14.,S3(I ' 1,844 ■SSd 3,164 1,2.58 1 10,. 568 1.214 10,923 825,502 819,301 1,413,3.57 3,381,888 2 3 4 5 15,722 87. 459 14.668 2.324.920 2.2,S9.91li 385.000 8,594 18,076 1.984 6,350 «roup -2. HATSS AND CAPS, OXHER THAN FEL,T, STRAW, AND WOOL,-Continued .?c07.726 89,710 9.6.5S 4,304 , 513 10, 796 100 530 2,705 85.908 32.506 2.217 8,920 35.122 205,853 9.097 31,852 40.645 2.693 1,707 2.310 86.307. 663 SO. 482 67.341 536.0.57 7. 464 98. 491 56.931 186,121 141,305 3,303.493 272.013 525.910 40.. 5.59 53.007 37.239 Sfi.238.7S4 .S4III1 — 7S.047 i 66,210 I ,530.479 '• 7.230 I 97,720 i 760,417 li 129, 890 ' 55.633 I, ." 181.245 I 137,490 3,281,164 265,875 517,906 I 400 40,381 52.223 I 35,975 S6, 238. 384 78.947 66,210 530,479 7,230 97,720 760, 417 129,890 ,55.633 181.245 137.490 ,281,164 266,875 617,. 505 40,381 62,223 36,975 224 778 30 484 :..5fil 225 2.970 5.722 761 1 2,998 101 265 345 1,353 2.50 3.198 204 134 3,401 2,142 800 1..504 31) i;!.3,S5 l.Sli5 1,394 """189' 538 5 541 817,599 13 102 62 17 315 . 548 416 2 26 11 125 000 1.061 140 305 2,345 350 3,130 500 1,674 3,423 3,197 75 304 370 812.9.55.490 1 168, 0K6 132,275 1,027,218 18,. 568 213,324 1,346,001 322,000 115,063 330,008 417,360 6,885,516 642,263 1,063,301 98,410 101,369 74,748 Group 3.- HATS, FEIiT— Continued. 600 325.492 1.825 262, 121 446,140 827,905 657,962 37,454 S159,793 39,782 79,092 27,575 13, 144 200 30.458 3,953,693 54,472 1,124,9.57 4,227,235 3,478,454 2,728.895 377,042 815,279,117 30,0.50 3,751,338 53,110 1,082,542 4,035,654 3,3.57,467 2,617.546 351,410 86.762,772 1,535,579 527, 5i6 2,022,347 1,266,877 1,326,652 84,807 88.516.345 30,050 2,215,759 53,110 655,032 2,013,307 2,091,590 1,290,894 266, 603 8531,346 398 159,823 310 23,901 152, 782 94,329 81,380 18, 423 823,212 2,925 682 210 6.995 10.675 .1.205 520 10 7.866 20 1,047 16,066 6,281 15,270 1,548 893,424 31,741 360 17,267 16,739 9,702 13,494 6,141 836,629,353 74, 000 8,602,799 105,918 2,315,591 9,. 540, 433 I 7,739,774 7 7,350,311 8 840, .5; Group 14.— HATS, STRAW— Continue $631.. 574 S27,.sii5 85.. 509.. 567 85,358,153 8114,443 85,243.710 885,632 810.738 815.369 8.39.675 810,356,690 1 6,422 L- 6,635 l. 2,712 .. 156,934 _. 98,819 138.111 49,309 42,919 213. 0'W 97,342 1,051,168 2.003.929 1,3.58.. 577 237,283 .505.283 42,0.54 202.411 95,341 1.024.169 1,938,481 1,337,203 234,0.53 484, 441 42,054 202, 411 95.341 1,024.169 1,917,731 1,247,. 503 234,053 480, 448 mo 5 921 145 4,401 1^283 135 722 194.139 413,666 206. 108 2,0.35,519 3,325,973 2,624.550 555,236 1,091,499 8,161 1,8.50 15, 299 36,, 596 8,560 1,675 13,485 1,.573 3 4 100 7,199 21,095 3,383 50 0,375 5 23,865 2,000 20,7.50 89, 700 6 8.148 1,370 260 7 8 172,732 2,000 3,993 9 254 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 3.— HATS, WOOI^. (See also Wooleu goods; and special report on Wool manufactures.) STATE OK TEEKITOKY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 17 $1,646,064 $70,000 8241,280 $247,083 $1,087,701 16 1,912 4 9 4 833,066 460,653 352,345 27,000 30,000 13,000 153,780 43,500 44,000 142,453 50,800 63,830 609,833 336,353 241,616 4 8 4 1,047 615 250 •\ Pennsylvania 4 Group 9.— HONES AND WHETSTONES. 1 United States 17 $423,501 $59,100 $76,239 958,150 $230,012 16 684 ? 5 12 21,050 402,451 3,100 56,000 1,000 75,239 7,150 51,000 9,800 220,212 5 11 57 627 ^ All other states 2 Group 3 HOKSESHOES. 1 8 $1,227,457 $27,000 852,193 $167,292 $980,972 6 1,014 Pennsylvania All other states = 2 1 3 5 69,245 Ij 158,212 4,500 22,500 5,843 46,350 23,717 143,575 35,185 945,787 2 4 97 917 Group 2.— HOSIERV AND KNIT GOODS. (See also Cotton goods; Hand linit goods; Woolen goods; Worsted goods; and special report on W^ool manufactures.) United States Alabama California Connecticut Delaware Georgia Illinois Indiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota New Hampshire New Jersey New York: North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Utah Vermont Virginia Wisconsin All other states ^ . . . 1,079 5 24 7 21 22 5 3 4 58 38 10 21 25 261 40 28 370 15 14 16 $106,663,531 563, 102 266, 100 6,814,871 212,802 1,946,853 2,835,281 2,215,433 15,500 639,160 7,826,240 3,283,955 968,304 2,749,689 1,934,489 35,206,059 2,080,649 2,329,707 23,909,720 2,276,874 823,822 1,169,989 199,362 1,387,526 715,530 4,370,904 941,720 $3,828,321 41,500 300 192,300 6,060 62,842 64,075 72,666 100 16,130 309,796 95,388 36,100 209,364 79,068 1,238,520 102,769 44,082 971,148 104,778 29,900 23,060 4,000 8,400 15,100 74,831 27,075 $13,713,924 105,588 10, 700 719,301 18,618 314,082 281,983 234,854 600 51,000 1,027,825 403,334 169,701 313, 406 334,396 4,667,689 278,343 127,874 3,245,365 401,867 162,923 146,148 8,000 .50,600 74,032 392,158 183,638 832,089,938 249,426 68,050 1,390,170 131,977 766,684 933,643 432,441 5,400 165,701 1,660,167 764,092 201,475 574,576 667,946 10,415,088 944, 736 618,, 548 8,319,692 644,963 400,198 390,008 42,480 350,493 274,113 1,336,181 351,691 $67,031,348 166,588 177,050 3,513,100 56,257 813,245 1,555,580 1,476,472 9,400 407,329 4,828,463 2,021,141 561,028 1,652,244 853,080 18,894,762 754,811 1,539,203 11,373,515 1,126,266 230,801 600,783 144,872 978,033 352,285 2,567,734 379,316 1 4 64 34 10 20 21 224 40 26 358 16 13 16 83,814 806 21 3,757 290 2,186 1,883 1,715 2 495 10,594 2,781 321 2,228 1,188 26,658 2,323 1,302 15,847 1,565 890 1,181 25 1,363 1,243 2,616 636 Jersey 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows; Massachusetts, 2; New Jersey, 2. ^Includes establishments distributed as follows: Arkansas, 1; Connecticut, 1; Illinois, 1; Maine, 1; Massachusetts, 2; Michigan, 1- New Hampshire 2- New ley, 1; Ohio, 1; Vermont, 1. r t . • GENERAL TABLES. 255 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued. (;roiii> 2.— HATS, WOOL. (See also Woolen goods; and special report on Wool inannrartnres.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- Xievs. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEKKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNERS. Aggregate. Officers ol 1 corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerlis, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing tlie year. Nuntbcr. rotal. Men. Women. Number. Salnries. Number. Salaries. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 23 (iS $94. 245 4 S13.600 64 $80,645 57 ,?76,44.'; : 7 $4,200 2,263 1,050 1 4 18 1 33 1 52,332 14 13,806 21 : 28,107 2 10,000 31 14 19 42, 332 13,806 24,607 29 12 16 41,064 13,026 22, 356 2 2 3 1,268 780 2. 1,52 947 671 636 455 283 312 2 2 3,600 4 Group 9 HONES AND WHETSTONES. 12 19 S19. 564 6 $10, 700 13 88, 864 10 $7,203 3 $1,661 267 .184 1 4 8 17 1,100 18,464 1 5 900 9,800 1 12 200 8,664 1 9 200 7,003 23 244 13 171 ■> 3 1,661 3 Gronp 3.— HORSESHOES. 40 $53,889 12 I 10,881 43,008 $23, 842 900 22,942 $30,047 20,066 $29, 144 19,855 38 305 17 131 Group 2.— HOSIERY AND KNIT GOODS. (See also Cotton goods; Hand knit goods; Woolen goods; Worsted goods; and special report on Wool niannfactures.) 991 4,304 $4,436,941 636 $1,321,925 3,668 $3,115,016 2.783 82, 716, 438 885 $398, 578 116, 869 92, 537 1 4 3 I 4 22 38 102 17,666 36,000 162,779 18,374 92,783 4 4 29 3 28 4,050 9,300 77,306 4,680 42,430 18 34 73 24 60 13,616 26,700 86,474 13, 694 50, 353 18 21 61 17 53 13,616 18,450 78,974 10,678 46,943 586 253 3,782 457 2,171 439 193 3,372 309 1,726 •> 13 12 7 7 8,250 6,500 3,016 3,410 3 4 6 6 19 63 S4 93,696 85.489 17 11 49,500 27,940 46 73 44,096 67,549 35 58 38,046 51,349 11 15 6,060 6,200 2,644 1,978 69 914 8,937 •2,047 1,418 49 833 7,308 7 R 5 4 49 9 39 244 29,110 317, 784 2 36 2,500 96,048 37 208 26,6i6 221, 736 34 145 26,998 187,397 3 63 612 34,339 10 11 5 20 23 175 51 89 56 174,890 72,226 91,570 67, 167 36 11 13 8 66,002 29,896 32,600 19,080 140 40 76 48 108,888 42, 330 68,970 48,087 85 32 61 42 86,988 37,678 50,881 45,835 65 8 15 6 21,900 4,652 8,089 2,252 4,036 736 3,024 1,969 2,206 476 2,473 1,470 12 13 14 ■15 211 38 25 498 1,084 102 134 1,377 1,271,398 124,864 146,642 1,066,986 161 27 15 114 384,772 36,110 32,400 206,172 923 73 119 1,263 886,626 89, 744 113,242 861, 814 738 66 88 900 789,247 87, 254 99,912 717, 818 186 9 31 363 97,379 2,490 13,330 143,996 33,364 3,450 2,818 31, 196 26,298 2,684 2,170 25,456 16 17 18 19 9 5 4 * 72 40 41 39 100,216 30,333 40,770 28,354 11 15 10 5 32,800 11,883 11,460 3,675 61 25 31 34 67, 416 18, 450 29,310 24, 679 52 22 26 23 61,036 17,800 27,050 19, 819 9 3 6 11 6,380 650 2,260 4,860 1,900 1,281 2,027 237 1,548 963 1,600 113 20 21 22 23 14 11 1 6 7( 36 60 204 37 41,960 49, 470 233.876 43, 658 6 12 48 11 12,400 12,133 102,629 16,160 30 48 1.56 26 29,550 37,337 131,247 27. 498 07 41 117 21 27,859 35,068 116,024 26,718 3 7 39 5 1,691 2,269 16,223 1,780 1,031 2,076 4,584 1,461 722 1,809 3,773 1,184 24 25 26 27 3 Includes establisliments distributed as follows: Connecticut, 1; Massacliusetts, 1; Minnesota. 1: New Jersey, 1; New York, 1. ilncludes establishments distributed as follows: Idaho, 2; Iowa, 1; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 1; Louisiana, 1; Mississippi, 2; Missouri, 1; Nebraska, 1; Oregon, 1; West Virginia, 2. 256 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 2.— HATS, WOOIi— Continued. STATE OR TEBEITOKY. WAGE-EARNEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. ' Children under 16 years. Total. Kent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 86.224 1 United States 1,503 S819, 194 1,030 S487,013 433 S125,957 40 S293,208 Sll,693 S8,875 ■> 644 419 440 281,939 154,982 182,273 439 286 305 226,424 121,985 138, 604 196 108 129 54, 306 28,762 42,889 9 26 6 1,209 4,235 780 157, 101 26,455 109, 652 5,933 1,600 4,260 3,721 1,100 4,054 T Pennsylvania '. 4 Group 9.— HONES AIM* WHETSTONES— Continued. 1 United States 220 S94,428 212 892,838 7 31,620 1 $70 857,669 S167 8941 9 15 205 3,600 90,828 13 199 3,425 89, 413 1 6 105 1,415 1 70 721 56,938 60 97 141 800 s Group 3.— HOKSESHOES— Continued. 1 United States 232 8126,629 216 8121,666 13 84, 550 3 8413 8127,332 82,476 81,224 26 - 206 13,603 113,026 2B 190 13,603 108,063 17,559 109,773 1,276 1,200 3 is 4,550 3 413 1,224 Group 2 HOSIERY AND KNIT GOODS— Continued. United States. Alabama California... Connecticut . Delaware . . . Georgia Illinois Indiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts. 12. j Michigan 13 Minnesota 14 New Hampshire . 15 New Jersey 16 I New York 17 I North Carolina. 18 1 Ohio 19 ! Pennsvlvania. . . Rhode Island. . . South Carolina. Tennessee Utah 24 Vermont . 25 26 27 Virginia. "Wisconsin All other states . 505 222 3, 594 323 1,935 2,245 1,720 56 876 8,110 3,085 615 2,790 1,742 21,251 ■',944 ■\ 490 2i,143 1,721 1,058 1,810 171 916 1,842 4,224 1,327 831,536,024 93, 406 87,851 1,305,019 75,087 395,986 746, 682 609, 500 12,975 195,922 2,839,185 769,247 190, 148 943,120 535,821 10,144,087 617,372 713, 680 7,9.56,087 673, 680 186,721 341,033 ; 48,211 \ 366,340 ' -130, .321 1,181,498 277, US 26, 167 HI 16 1,148 30 407 669 604 10 181 2,093 583 87 940 692 9,068 632 305 4, 758 472 367 478 14 316 4.56 .594 336 810,747,214 29, 033 11,906 566, 870 12,367 116,324 277, 657 253,298 4,260 60, 881 963, 737 253, 473 36,230 414,823 244,376 3,803,002 202,333 146,616 2,243,666 229,006 79, 577 114,661 6, 548 137,994 174, 245 263, 827 100,604 1,867 273 194 2,374 261 1,164 1,625 830 44 612 6,498 2,342 478 1,791 1,077 19, 421 1,664 1,840 18,875 1,176 430 1,083 166 690 1,077 3,251 851 48, 264 73, 820 723, 417 68, 320 234, 409 459,236 223,373 8,590 127, 409 1,779,533 490,638 147, 335 517,412 282,434 6,203,443 319, 506 621,196 5,029,131 329, 190 80, 802 198, 184 41,563 226, 686 212, 731 8.59,899 157, .594 9,681 121 12 72 32 364 51 286 2 ■ 83 619 160 60 69 73 762 758 345 4,510 73 261 249 1 10 309 379 140 $1,434,796 16, 109 2,126 14, 732 4,400 45, 253 9,789 32, 829 125 7,632 95, 916 25, 136 6,. 583 10,886 9,011 137, 642 95, 533 45, 869 683,290 15, 484 26, 342 28,188 100 1,760 43,346 57, 772 18,947 810, 320, 176 27,926 51,746 466,615 26,422 133, 341 371,651 201,962 615 52,234 923, 704 452, 529 109, 360 375, 780 121,068 3, 132, 492 140,215 298, 296 2,102,081 195,203 73,864 79, 446 18, 790 110,8.57 159,. 567 60S, 4S6 85,926 8534, 273 420 4,680 10, 161 1,660 500 27, 280 .500 340 20, 371 7,905 2,835 4,821 4,406 148,745 1,825 32, 175 177,028 4,136 2,066 3,832 14, 553 30, 109 29,345 4,590 8388,843 1,209 29,159 203 10, 100 8,780 8,481 30 1,387 73, 136 19,944 3,584 12, 119 6,426 116, 103 9,644 6,664 37,841 8,521 3,944 3,246 861 5,016 4,917 14,975 1,774 GENERAL TABLES. 257 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905-Contmued. Group a.— HATS, WOOl,— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract worlj. Aggregate. Principal materials. ' Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purcliaaed in partially manufactured form (includ- ing " all other materials"). $269,995 $2,645 $1,369,810 $1,287,723 $624, 445 $663, 278 $46, 967 $120 $13,200 $21,800 $2,457,266 1 146, 497 23,855 99,643 950 583,886 406, 457 380, 467 540, 698 383,639 363,386 245, 826 186,929 191,690 294, 872 196,710 171, 696 23, 816 12,694 10, 458 120 11,505 1,359 336 7,748 7,766 6,287 1,054,641 658, 428 744,297 2 1,695 4 Group 9 — HOIVES AND "WHETSTONES— Continued. S56, 461 $100 $103, 334 $92,939 $53, 613 $39, 426 $9,279 $210 $846 $60 $307,789 1 420 66,041 100 2,110 101,224 1,726 91,214 1,400 52,113 325 39, 101 230 9,049 120 90 35 811 10, 137 297,652 ? 60 •^ Group 3 HOKSESHOES— Continued. S120, 132 $3,500 $255,742 $228,884 $228,884 $20, 290 $1,850 $4,029 $689 $798,981 1 12, 783 107,349 3,600 12, 734 243, 008 9, 778 219, 106 9,778 219, 106 1,208 19,082 700 1,150 487 3,542 561 128 72,944 726,037 ? ? Group 2.— HOSIERV AND KNIT GOODS— Continued. $8,672,816 . 26, 626 ■ 42,257 412, 224 23,069 122,741 308,511 191,781 245 40, 847 752,051 393, 852 102, 941 336, 586 108, 836 2,661,089 120, 120 242,389 1,665,051 151,995 42,720 74,144 14,097 91,288 123,583 554.221 79, .562 $724,245 3,600 15,071 1,500 27,080 1,200 10,000 78, 147 22,255 1,400 206,556 8,626 17,168 232, 161 30,551 27,200 968 9,945 $76,593,782 263, 639 146,666 2,825,014 164,000 1, 417, 411 2,099,041 1,106,164 17, 720 531, 432 5,017,406 1,844,109 626,001 2, 229, 132 1, 379, 613 28, 143, 434 1,394,811 2, 177, 368 16,010,521 2,271,099 .586, 490 969, 196 167,022 1, 215, 751 1, 325, 602 2, 279, 472 397, 769 $74, 093, 653 2,30, 706 139, 209 2, 686, 632 166, 247 1, 365, 450 2,014,740 1,058,604 16, 750 514,044 ,4, 832, 621 1,760,956 -607, 722 2,149,153 1,341,045 27,356,143 1,328,317 2.115,907 l5, 543, 591 2,201,822 562, 872 937, 276 161,350 1,182,614 1,288,111 2, 178, 435 374, 337 $12,078,052 88,902 1,026,473 '"'si,' 562' 254,838 606,058 1,837,440 393, 635 17, 926 426, 252 124,531 5, 113, 728 236, 118 252, 432 659,676 148,825 123,280 353, 324 19, 365 263, 655 90,193 $62,015,601 141,804 139, 209 1,660,169 156, 247 1,313,948 1,759,902 452,546 16, 750 514,044 2,995,181 1, 367, 320 689, 797 1, 722, 901 1,216,614 22,241,415 1,092,199 1,863,475 14,884,015 2,062,997 429,692 9,37,276 161, 350 829,290 1,268,746 1,924,780 284, 144 $1,283,018 13,026 67, 998 3,936 29,861 35,072 25, 748 120 8,213 132, 574 45,760 8,461 34,072 ' 21,310 389, 309 45,880 15, 391 217,291 37, 752 19, 327 16, 261 361 18, 002 25, 070 53, 984 18, 260 1,400 5,847 1,649 4,382 1,750 250 200 7,363 4,523 1,056 76,029 1,471 10, 070 66, 818 4,330 1,895 2,191 926 3,790 425 8,040 357 34, 901 2,371 15, 970 3,080 8,647 600 1,006 23,585 8,994 6,978 15, 323 192, 387 13, 876 13, 780 106, 943 17, 381 13, 373 7,566 430 12, 580 7,697 18, 893 1,990 $473,907 1,868 4,700 29,636 1,446 4,481 41,767 10, 416 7,969 21, 262 23, 402 2,172 26,061 9,676 130,566 5,267 22,220 75, 878 9,814 918 6,208 2,700 1,630 4,724 26,370 2,757 $136, 558, 139 1 460, 246 356, 999 5, 371, 452 296, 197 2,325,854 3,579,436 2, 105, 277 34, 000 951,503 10,081,852 3,623,885 1,202,586 3,974,290 2,539,178 46, 108, 600 2, 483, 827 3,997,047 30, 753, 140 3,344,655 1,078,682 1, 627, 823 326, 392 1,988,685 2, 107, 602 4,941,944 896,987 27 MPG PT 1 — 07- -17 258 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECiriED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14 — house: FUKNISHING GOODS, NOT SliSETI^HERJE: SPECIFIED. STATE OR TEKKITOEY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 237 $9,872,446 $664,244 SI, 459, 195 SI, 781, 734 $6,067,272 147 8,896 California ? 5 9 20 3 3 23 6 3 7 5 73 24 27 3 3 5 18 22,060 1,906,672 581,232 97,000 7,060 952,662 621,704 30,346 93,400 18,071 3,263,890 1,014,620 797,381 12,632 33, 767 23,667 406,401 500 113,760 14,200 1,300 200 292,705 20, 500 10,600 2,800 441, 187 65,989 27,600 750 225,379 48,053 3,600 20,881 4,120 460,361 200,066 166,695 5,713 8,746 4,031 116,774 18,550 1,059,030 480,643 67,600 6,300 530,414 416, 540 22,446 57,619 9,651 2,070,939 653,728 459,336 6,419 22,321 8,086 187,850 2 9 13 2 1 15 3 2 6 2 40 13 18 1 3 3 15 8 1,903 983 224 i 750 644 11 166 13 1,984 746 681 15 83 21 669 .s Connecticut ' 4 Illinois 5 Indiana. 6 Louisiana -7 Massachusetts 60,694 20, 100 700 7,000 1,700 323,650 44,150 49,400 250 350 4,400 22,100 136, 175 137,011 3,600 8,000 2,600 608, 940 116,687 131, 960 260 2,350 7,160 80, 677 8 Michigan 9 10 Missouri 11 New Jersey 12 13 Ohio 14 15 Texas 16 Vermont 17 18 All other states ^ Groui> 14.— ICE, MANUFACTUKED. (See also special report on JTIanulactu red lee. i United States. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Illinois Indian Territory Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Mississippi Missouri New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania. Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia Washington West Virginia All other states 2 1,320 22 20 109 18 37 125 48 12 30 $66,592,001 1,480,230 420,343 1,317,075 3,549,556 1,240,294 362,683 316,428 700,018 1,660,096 1,704,716 2, 162, 126 605,859 2,204,227 186,824 1,372,699 1,816,678 3,495,818 1,688,339 1,265,613 3,117,855 2,748,564 190,088 5,972,164 860,441 4,495,209 736,368 451,249 9,711,731 68,400 712,346 1,124,789 6,140,487 1,805,126 486, 025 1,286,965 236,683 176,652 26,000 116,16? 438,727 110,721 61,000 26, 102 236,260 130,306 181,735 140. 129 51,044 266,635 27,500 74,736 130,666 390,090 350, 525 137,600 419,477 373, 799 10, 948 1, 164, 227 80,300 678,449 38,066 53,650 1,780,898 700 77,950 134. 130 620,312 174,302 127,300 133,776 25,400 $15,429,399 213, 128 111,959 268,322 1,068,779 328,277 105,860 144,336 111, 750 225,271 362,020 542,436 122,408 497,843 59, 213 360,372 459,077 691,374 311,661 296,428 863,897 506, 771 40,566 1,721,849- 142,750 977, 169 173, 148 97,942 2,397,285 6,000 127,449 246,660 1,025,362 344, 750 101,396 .308,412 78, 500 $36,461,321 915, 594 231, 344 777, 193 1.727,421 707,608 167,017 120, 900 306, 976 892, 643 1,046,306 1,195,344 370, 945 1,249,606 94, 506 872, 918 1,038,490 2, 120, 171 927,678 729,599 1,838,246 1,530,990 117,390 2,749,524 541,226 2,374,759 462,061 241, 742 4,609,058 57,000 417, 162 640,666 3,228,428 1,090,500 207,980 735,632 128,000 $5,856,039 174,856 52,040 155,408 314, 629 93, 688 38,816 25,090 46,043 111,975 114,656 284,218 61,462 190, 143 5,606 74,573 187, 466 294, 183 98, 476 102,986 196, 236 337,004 21, 184 336,664 96, 166 464,832 72,094 67,915 924,490 4,700 89,785 103,443 366,385 196,574 49,349 109, 236 4,783 1,277 36 13 t 38 53 16 7 10 6 36 44 42 21 63 4 44 47 61 27 36 53 39 5 58 28 68 21 20 108 3 17 35 124 47 12 29 7 196,171 3,784 1,190 4,633 6,188 2,363 785 705 2,770 3,048 5,493 6,626 2,044 5,676 784 5,601 8,790 8,471 4,352 4,190 14, 151 6,731 462 16,239 3,033 12,091 3,323 1,416 24,076 290 1,844 6,342 18,735 4,628 905 2,850 562 ■Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 1; Iowa, 1; Kentucky, 2; Maine, 1; Maryland, 1: Mississioni 2- Nebraska 1- New TTainT, 10 283 ■ 11 29 14 52 134 26 104 6 67 110,466 19,525 73,039 5,416 55,186 24 3 38 1 26 33,388 900 23,782 1,500 23,231 110 23 66 6 42 77,078 18,625 49,257 3,916 31,955 94 22 ■58 4 37 71, 109 18,025 46, 115 3,580 28,680 16 1 8 1 5 5,969 600 3,142 336 3,275 715 150 645 41 387 303 63 280 22 164 12 13 14 15 33 16 33 27 15 23 30 66 101 50 79 96 54,618 86,665 46,861 63,747 94,435 30 34 19 12 37 29,760 36,610 19,873 6,496 40,225 36 67 31 67 59 24,868 60,055 25,988 67,2.'i2 64,210 32 64 29 66 55 24,088 49, 195 25,388 66,892 53,040 4 3 2 1 4 780 860 600 360 1,170 579 711 426 449 684 219 313 203 237 301 17 18 19 20 21 18 5 21 13 62 4 99 69 46,612 5,100 99,692 57,516 16 3 24 25 17,775 3,300 25,626 22,822 36 1 75 44 28,837 1,800 73,967 34,694 31 1 71 42 27,415 1,800 72, 175 33,594 6 1,422 419 40 884 428 166 23 459 186 22 ?3 4 2 1,792 1,100 24 25 31 9 14 57 141 39 18 284 111, 197 28,097 15,365 261,955 62 12 5 53 50,599 10,080 6,100 58, 189 79 27 13 231 60,698 18,017 9,265 203, 766 65 25 10 209 55,517 17, 217 8,360 192,602 14 2 3 22 5,081 80O 915 11,164 829 203 122 1,689 330 66 56 657 26 27 28 29 2 8 26 59 3 25 79 216 1,400 22, ,507 66,624 197,063 3 18 52 164 1,400 11,982 40,374 147,818 2 18 47 161 1,200 11,982 38,264 146, 188 1 200 • 23 189 617 1,420 23 90 257 681 30 7 27 52. 10,525 26,250 49,245 3r 5 3 2,110 1,630 32 33 43 9 5 3 56 11 36 6 41,083 14, 160 28,095 7,900 22 2 17 2 15,953 1,800 15,082 1,600 34 4 26, 130 12,360 13,013 6,300 34 9 18 4 25,130 12,360 12,943 6,300 580 121 288 63 273 90 126 36 .34 : : : . ,35 1 70 36 .37 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Idaho, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Nebraska, 1; Nevada, 2; Utah, 1; Wisconsin, 1. 260 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14 HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS, NOT El,SEWHEIlI! SrECIFIED— Continued. STATE OB TEREITOEY. WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. 1 Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States 4,778 $1,879,869 2,668 $1,265,930 1,981 $590,347 129 $23,592 $1,362,446 $112,937 $30,904 ">. 30 592 256 127 15 402 275 11 55 14 1,853 366 504 15 36 8 219 17, 486 195,783 126,763 45,280 5,166 169,770 173,281 6,550 21,352 7,116 747,449 132, 583 150,317 6,507 11,633 2,624 60,210 23 399 207 107 4 231 226 10 38 12 797 286 164 12 24 7 121 15,379 132,868 112,729 39,920 3,470 122,452 156, 197 6,130 17,485 6,816 407,882 117,582 65,914 5,967 9,941 2,474 42, 724 7 184 41 15 10 166 27 1 7 2 1,053 49 314 2 12 1 91 2,106 69,273 12, 179 4,360 1,566 46,501 11,684 420 2,285 300 339,083 9,828 82, 107 372 1,692 160 16,441 6,486 78,714 140,891 23,980 1,178 132,786 183,406 7,661 16,071 4,699 401,429 112, 932 194,274 1,438 4,201 4,810 48,491 3,048 4,040 16,706 180 756 4,431 1,230 900 1,578 700 63, 193 6,168 7,054 820 642 55 5,300 1,559 800 11 4,221 5,710 85 491 84 5,932 3,604 1,519 21 292 133 1,187 3 9 8 5 1 6 22 3,642 1,855 1,000 130 817 6,400 4 Illinois fi ft Louisiana - . . 7 Massachusetts , . 8 <) in 10 i,582 11 New Jersey _ T" New York 3 31 484 1 R 171 n Ohio 14 26 ,' 2! 296 1 1 168 i"; ifi 17 18 All other states 7 1,045 1,691 Group 14.— ICE, MANUFACTUKED— Continued. 1 United States 10, 101 $5,549,162 10,029 $6, 638, 163 18 $3,978 54 $7,021 $4,014,861 $246, 762 $465,570 2 243 72 261 415 138 42 64 94 235 399 485 82 391 20 237 345 458 263 274 433 268 23 603 235 520 115 75 1,236 6 111 382 869 346 99 176 36 104,009 54, 652 123,077 335, 141 92,568 31,164 30,869 46,430 150, 575 141,746 268,786 44,043 199, 113 11,968 145, 469 152,086 236, 102 125,834 118,528 271,614 159,306 19,666 424,095 82, 672 295,764 63,333 66,831 732,285 4,170 44,656 191,246 450,672 138,044 78,062 94,426 30,360 243 71 260 415 137 42 64 94 293 398 484 79 390 20 235 343 442 248 263 433 268 23 603 235 517 115 75 1,229 6 110 376 866 346 99 172 36 104,009 54, 472 122,879 335, 141 92, 468 31,164 30,869 46, 430 150,063 141,606 268,626 43,768 199,013 11,968 145,064 151,634 234,590 125, 130 116,922 271,614 159,306 19,666 424,095 82,572 295,336 63,333 66,831 730,079 4,170 44,480 190,528 449,756 138,044 78,062 94, 136 30,360 84,944 34,861 74,003 254,873 54, 226 17, 137 28,662 43,096 ■ 93,852 167,130 176,516 34,294 110,263 12,205 68,379 114,818 171,472 90,594 82,513 161,225 129,819 5,361 365,461 52,041 210,970 45,178 24,160 591,601 2,656 35,240 140,246 317,075 97,015 44,929 63,196 16,050 8,440 268 1,000 2,447 2,399 .600 13,950 4,494 10,318 21,819 5,546 1,913 1,029 2,628 9,820 18,259 11,906 3,502 16,699 1,182 9,668 12,920 24,681 9,802 15,549 19,671 15,318 1,921 31,174 8,006 26,158 5,300 2,859 63,940 216 7,205 14,690 47,577 10,364 6,157 6,125 3,414 3 Arizona 1 1 180 198 4 5 California 6 Colorado 1 100 7 Connecticut S Delaware 9 District of Columbia 9,380 6,470 1,342 39,881 8 2,052 in 1 312 1 1 200 140 11 1? Illinois 1 160 13 Indian Territory 3 1 285 100 14 Indiana 15 Iowa 16 Kansas 2 1 12 4 11 415 302 1,176 404 1,606 900 1,407 1,609 7,379 82 1,640 3,000 40 41,320 375 5,977 6,026 5,654 78,663 300 896 1,613 2,353 9,280 4,072 1,100 17 Kentucky 1 4 1 150 336 300 IS 19 W ?1 22 2.3 ?4 New York 25 ?6 2 364 1 66 27 Oklahoma 28 29 Pennsylvania 7 2,206 3(1 31 South Carolina 1 5 4 76 568 916 ifl 1 » 160 33 34 Virginia .3,'i Washington West Virginia 16 4 290 .37 All other states • ■'■ GENERAL TABLES. 261 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Ctroup 14.— HOUSE VURINISHING GOODS, NOT EliSEWHERX: SPECIFIEH— Continued, MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent ol ofBces, interest, etc. 1 Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freigljt. Total. Purchased in ra-w state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing " all other materials " ) . $1,148,393 $70,212 $9,626,619 $9,351,364 $1,094,775 $8,266,689 $74,873 $28,753 $50,362 $121,167 $15,010,628 1 2,382 66,374 115,928 23,000 411 121,836 176,466 6,676 14,002 3,915 289,858 98,160 178,497 597 3,367 2,011 44,913 19, 623 1.321,622 700.687 62.300 28. 485 19,368 1,218,068 688,919 57,760 28, 380 922,733 312,247 43,755 72, 946 9,738 4,449,794 428,321 ■701,218 27,202 18,001 10,760 342,164 19, 368 1,217,168 565,7/9 57,750 28,380 768,839 274,536 43,765 33,073 9,738 3,930,711 413,891 662,396 27,072 18,001 10,360 175, 772 46 12,359 3,688 4,000 100 10,261 6,761 80 600 6,580 5 31,715 1,092 550 6 2,711 1,220 6 233 10 3,939 3,4b0 2,185 35 150 20 3,067 125 58,980 1,308 58,220 2,000,231 l,li.7,,'il5 152,750 40,870 1,386,282 812,029 77,200 147,746 30,616 6,375,219 790,467 1,242,711 51,972 49,300 27,024 630,476 "> 3,666 6,698 900 123,140 3 4 5 6 2,29s 962,744 321,188 46,585 153,894 37,711 1,350 416 325 36 170 13,317 862 616 365 700 26,689 1,544 2,600 2,072 156 16,228 1,833 6,018 1,284 250 140 3,040 7 8 9 78,502 10, 109 4, 496, 022 438, 765 719,744 29, 361 19,709 11,124 360,069 39,873 3,215 35 12,744 4,309 9,707 475 608 204 7,362 10 11 42,446 5,100 7,204 519,083 14,430 38,822 130 12 13 14 15 16 2,666 800 400 166,392 17 4,436 18 Group 14.— ICE, OTANUFACTUREB— Continued. $3,280,087 $22,442 $6,011,325 $1,158,463 $213,411 $945,052 $4,366,316 $77, 577 $328, 794 $81,175 $23,790,045 1 62,654 20,299 62,086 230,607 46,281 14, 624 27,533 31,188 77, 562 146,904 123, 729 30,784 91, 512 11,023 67,821 99,901 145,282 70,813 66,882 136,052 109,892 3,400 292,967 43,660 178,836 34,852 15,647 448,100 2,140 27,140 123,943 266,397 76,371 34,700 55,971 12,636 122,037 57,836 106, 217 298,926 70,592 24,090 25,858 71,426 171,292 200, 457 247, 374 44,792 161,357 16,214 141,100 138,501 333,069 180,382 145,197 399, 186 171,669 15,948 576, 563 97,366 291,644 76,266 40,566 711,448 2,974 74,812 123,484 572,988 171,545 41,241 60,530 26,379 24,243 9,416 20,017 72,^49 16,669 5,425 4,874 17,576 32, 413 50,696 66,474 5,925 26,279 1,858 19, 465 30,514 63,446 44,623 36,426 74,794 27,986 1,895 102,060 16,576 52, 457 8,772 6,832 125,912 169 16,980 17,030 98,763 42,373 8,355 14,237 4,795 3,692 20,651 9,416 18,117 59,919 13,702 3,519 3,392 11,902 32,413 47, 525 46, 636 4,991 21,217 1,608 14,740 22, 356 53,446 30,240 34,802 65, 267 25,687 1,896 68,046 12,145 38,602 6,896 6,582 95,131 169 16,765 15,791 94,010 34,960 6,115 13,506 2,995 88,484 44, 141 77,502 189,245 49, 842 18,091 17,938 49,629 130,043 141,645 157,045 36,005 125,002 13,232 105,191 97,258 258,602 122,766 96, 611 297,098 134,782 13,309 404,991 75,694 217,215 57,992 31,568 ■ 512,497 2,760 54,454 97,759 439,394 119,645 28,580 39,764 19, 662 9,086 3,675 6,683 16,119 2,011 664 1,070 4,221 6,087 8,116 11,508 2,650 8,942 989 8,168 7,123 15,891 11,913 6,372 23,072 8,312 744 34,049 4,945 21,672 4,420 1,663 41,674 55 3,,S78 7,495 32, 742 6,796 1,921 3,960 709 225 632, 263 269,288 487,917 1,307,073 376,086 120,774 141,683 260,990 684,388 868,068 940,007 242,334 748,369 51,215 585,317 703,365 1,099,726 729,553 603,485 1,129,980 647,564 83,657 1,748,871 417,868 1,217,465 285,313 216,726 2,936,607 19,023 243,683 684,420 2,083,880 635,772 243,015 363,102 112.318 ? 9,800 600 605 % 1,900 12,330 2,967 1,906 1,482 5,674 2,6i5 728 160 10 1,976 20,585 1,920 ^ f> 7 8 9 664 2,085 10 625 3,171 19,838 934 5,062 250 4,725 8,168 11 1,450 10,807 212 1,134 136 7,976 120 5,060 1,180 5,788 4,222 689 12 13 14 15 300 3,486 80 16 590 17 IS 2,600 14,283 1,624 19,527 2,299 19 '0 4,062 1,609 n ■n ?3 34,015 4,431 13,855 1,876 250 30,781 34,533 150 930 24 V5 300 4,149 503 25,194 26 933 27 2.K 808 6,171 29 ,30 215 1,239 4,743 7,413 2,240 731 1,800 ,31 1,200 ,32 748 1,000 2,099 731 85 2,569 123 33 2,000 2,300 34 35 36 1,200 37 — 262 MANUFACTURES. Group 8.— INK, PKINTIIVG. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY STATE OR TERRITOET. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWEE. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 60 $4,609,774 $301,021 $627,033 $725,067 $2,956,663 57 4,234 California ■>■ 4 6 4 26 t 6 195,836 132,648 418,985 1,410,880 1,468,143 590,069 393,213 45,573 16,921 81,429 214,894 163,478 148,322 54,450 150,263 102,227 166,685 955,363 998,165 305,087 278,863 4 6 4 24 6 7 6 125 , 190 333 1,068 1,382 643 493 3 2,600 26,798 107,875 86,000 62,448 16,400 11,000 144,073 132,748 221,600 74,212 43,500 4 NewJersey 6 fi Ohio 7 8 AH other states • Group 8.— INK, WRITING. 1 42 $1,286,607 $98,368 $129,664 $134,017 $924,668 11 274 Illinois ? 4 6 4 9 4 16 238,763 306,386 61,208 543,563 34,874 102,824 790 300 2,600 82,177 10,000. 2,601 5,000 1,700 2,000 108,686 9,954 2,415 43,750 12,140 23,284 42,715 2,834 9,294 189,213 291,246 33,424 310,086 12,086 88,614 1 2 3 3 1 1 150 41 15 56 10 2 a 4 New Jersey .. . 5 6 Pennsylvania 7 Group 14 INSXKUMENXS, PROFESSIONAI, AND SCIENTIFIC. United States. California District of Columbia Illinois Indiana Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Michigan New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states ^ $5,382,930 44,200 81,860 367,168 88,000 7,975 35,664 436,737 6,865 613,175 2,145,169 177,603 1,200,260 47,233 141,061 $354,442 $616,676 1,000 10,000 6,300 7,000 900 5,500 22,325 66,350 132,956 9,075 100,111 1,000 2,925 500 10,000 8,200 7,500 950 7,000 18,620 166,400 191,156 36,000 162,800 4,000 14,550 $1,393,306 $3,018,606 14, 450 28,260 31,100 30,750 111,358 232,310 26,000 47,600 4,026 2,100 4,626 18,529 115,889 280,003 4,097 2,768 160,5,50 229,875 472,143 1,348,914 69,748 73,780 336,026 612,313 26,900 15,333 27,395 96,191 167 2,341 21 23 111 45 18 171 18 398 683 100 593 7 144 Group 3.— IRON AND STEEIi, BI^AST FURNACES. (See also special report on Iron and steel.) United States Alabama Georgia Illinois Michigan New Jersey -. New York Ohio Pennsylvania Tennessee Virginia Wisconsin All other states'... 190 $236,145,529 19,326,778 1,168,151 14,263,055 4,253,403 5,414,061 14,644,730 43,196,782 107,741,803 6,688,283 3,167,268 2,649,011 14,654,214 $17,310,397 $66,611,341 1,289,655 113,070 1,801,500 246,002 142,944 1,411,647 3,252,111 6,575,146 906,885 456,000 476,228 642,209 5,831,477 532,000 3,212,352 689,347 3,369,319 4,243,122 11,284,663 30,663,936 2,022,368 1,102,883 840,000 2,919,974 $67,804,248 7,400,894 103,207 3,611,514 1,112,792 847,785 2,418,989 13,817,776 29,638,673 761,637 726,279 123,688 7,241,114 $84,419,543 4,803,752 409,874 5,637,089 2,305,262 1,054,003 6,670,972 14,841,332 40,864,048 1,998,493 873, 106 1,210,095 3,850,917 825,749 101,635 3,285 50.378 8,360 10,755 43,614 180,671 330,062 21,083 12,465 6,161 67,290 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 1; Maryland, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Michigan, 1; Minnesota, 1; Missouri 1 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: CaUfornla, 2; Colorado,!; Indiana,!; Maryland,!; Michigan, 2; Missouri, 2; Ohio 2- Teimessee 2- Texas !■ Wisconsin,!. '■ ' ' ' • ,-, , , GENEEAL TABLES. 263 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. aroup 8.— INK, PRINTING. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. ■ffAGE-EARNEKS. 1 Aggregate. Officers o£ corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 45 361 $530,355 47 $165, 128 314 $375,227 275 $347,320 39 $27,907 766 684 1 20 27 . 34 126 50 73 31 22,916 26,821 46,616 188,783 96,528 86,813 52,878 2 4 6 17 6 6 4,200 13,400 15,443 69,916 20,070 19,000 13,100 18 23 28 109 44 67 25 18,716 23,421 31, 173 118,868 76,468 66,813 39,778 16 18 28 96 32 65 20 17,502 20,505 31, 173 110,893 65,094 65,693 36, 460 2 6 1,214 2,916 37 34 68 295 144 108 70 26 32 61 272 133 95 65 *> 4 2 30 3 4 13 12 2 5 7,975 11,364 1,120 3,318 5 6 3 7 8 Group 8 INK, WRITING. 36 141 $191,497 26 $77,786 115 $113,711 89 $100,397 26 $13,314 525 353 1 30 27 11 36 4 33 46,078 31,046 11,076 78,096 2,672 22,529 5 5 4 7 2 3 15,300 9,250 5,680 40, 750 2,186 4,620 25 22 7 29 2 30 30,778 21,796 5,396 37, 346 486 17,909 22 12 3 26 2 24 29,438 16, 370 3,600 34,890 486 15,713 3 10 4 1,340 5,426 1.896 115 146 48 137 15 64 46 112 24 126 13 33 •> 4 3 4 11 3 18 3 2,456 5 6 6 2, 196 7 Group 14 INSTRUMENTS, PROFESSIONAL. AND SCIENTIFIC. 200 608 $532,487 89 $188,265 419 $344,222 330 $303,658 89 $40,564 3,887 2,993 1 8 3 16 4 3 83 7 6,600 3,380 74,959 9,680 2 4,500 2 3 65 1 2,100 3,380 41,365 720 1 3 39 1 1,500 3,380 28,662 720 1 600 60 30 274 63 10 22 351 10 528 • 1,340 157 897 34 121 37 30 198 41 9 22 276 6 426 1,028 112 711 8 89 2 3 18 6 33,594 8,960 26 12,713 4 5 3 7 11 3 16 62 14 40 1 16 A 1 48 3 35 155 26 106 7 30 620 66,181 2,250 38,827 196,933 22,232 72, 841 7,100 40, 984 1 8 520 15,688 7 40 3 29 129 20 102 4 21 40,493 2,250 26,927 124, 347 15,832 07,506 2,768 16,534 34 3 22 108 14 82 2 21 37, 642 2,260 23,906 113,763 13,392 60,029 2,000 16,534 6 2,951 8 9 6 26 6 4 3 9 11,900 72,686 6,400 6,336 4,332 24,450 7 21 6 20 2 3,021 10,594 2,440 7,477 768 ID 11 12 13 14 15 Group 3.— IRON AND STEEL, RI.AST F.URNACES. (See also special report on Iron and steel.) 26 2,231 $2,890,897 249 $683,704 1,982 $2,207,193 1,922 S2, 177, 422 60 $29,771 47,361 27,206 1 262 41 83 97 32 76 395 891 128 69 39 118 320, 643 44,838 100,661 109,596 43, 715 167,145 568,2.58 1,113,956 127,831 81,865 62,869 169,530 46 7 7 3 1 13 47 65 21 20 5 14 100,095 15,977 22,500 8,200 2,274 73,810 146,666 183,632 46,956 28,175 19,500 36,020 216 34 76 94 31 63 348 826 107 49 34 104 220,648 28,861 78, 161 101,396 41,441 83,335 421,693 930,324 80,876 53,690 43,359 123, 510 216 33 75 91 30 62 335 796 103 47 33 101 220, 548 28,446 77, 761 100,336 41,321 82,997 414,251 915,208 79, 775 62, 490 42,699 121,590 6,595 434 2,542 1,517 974 2,127 7,817 18,138 2,103 1,384 679 3,051 3,861 192 1,496 1,163 711 1,380 3,409 11,170 1,272 1,013 246 1,293 ?, 1 ) 3 1 1 13 30 4 2 1 3 416 400 1,060 120 338 7,442 15,116 1,100 1,200 660 1,920 3 4 5 1 6 7 8 24 9 10 11 12 1 13 s Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 1; Colorado, 2; Connecticut, 2; Iowa, 1; Minnesota, 2; Missouri, 1; New HampsMre, 2; Oregon,!; Rhode Island, 1; Tennessee, 2; Utah, 1; Vermont, 1. ., , „. . „ ,„ » * Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 1; Connecticut, 2; Kentucky, 1; Maryland, 2; Massachusetts, 1; Minnesota, 1; Missouri 2: West Virginia, 3. 264 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 8.— INK, PKINTING— Continued. STATE OE TEEEITOEY. WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. "Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States 711 S474, 987 695 S470,646 10 S3, 328 6 $1,014 11,269,387 349,876 $13, 400 1 30 33 64 283 135 99 67 22, 416 ■ 17,203 42,520 184, 276 99, 223 73, 495 35,854 29 33 63 276 135 96 63 22, 182 17^203 42, 20S 181, 780 99, 223 72, 923 35, 126 1 234 26,326 68,919 109, 902 491, 866 458,695 77,126 46,863 4,600 5,180 1,740 30, 761 2,745 3,460 1,400 281 555 1,613 2,825 4,387 966 2,873 4 1 312 2,496 6 7 3 2 572 208 8 All other states 2 520 Group 8.— INK, WRITING— Continued. 1 United States 430 $169,726 203 $107,851 219 $59, 466 8 $2, 409 $359,545 $27, 596 $7,694 ? 74 132 33 128 13 50 31, 463 62,998 11,699 62, 667 5,647 16,262 39 48 19 71 6 20 20,900 29,312 8,982 36,925 3,096 8,636 31 84 13 67 6 29 9,363 23,686 2,561 15,732 1,706 6,418 4 1,200 64,688 163,269 14,747 100, 687 3,264 22,890 6,000 6,770 3,000 8,161 240 3,425 1,632 2,785 429 2,197 221 330 Massachusetts 4 1 166 ■i New York 6 7 Pennsylvania All other states 2 1 845 208 Group 14. INSTRUMENTS, PKOFESSIONAl. AND SCIENTIFIC— Continued. 1 United States California 3,437 $1,823,205 2,989 $1,707,519 389 $105,588 59 $10,098 $662, 781 $116,648 $16, 762 9 43 30 232 49 10 19 316 8 479 1,222 133 779 17 100 31,740 24, 492 138, 798 22, 339 7,162 11,534 149,908 3,639 220,866 629,783 66, 139 444, 183 6,648 65,884 39 29 221 46 9 18 265 6 413 975 117 744 17 90 30,024 24, 284 135, 546 21, 489 6,840 11, 444 137,239 2,987 205, 580 567, 442 60,996 434, 986 6,648 62,015 3 1,466 1 1 4 260 208 824 8,110 939 106,764 13, 381 867 1,589 38,396 1,121 27,503 273, 172 21,249 107,377 7,138 46, 185 3,570 504 14, 048 1,050 300 156 8,635 640 2,630 42, 746 2,987 34,512 794 2,676 252 135 1,446 258 27 376 2,140 68 2,541 6,014 705 2,161 35 605 District of Columbia Illinois 4 7 3 1 1 47 1 36 246 13 22 2,428 850 312 90 12, 107 400 10,728 61,978 4,582 6,938 fi 7 8 Massachusetts 4 1 30 1 3 13 662 262 4,658 363 561 2,260 q in New Jersey . . n 1^ IS Pennsylvania Ti 9 3,719 1 150 Group ».— IRON AND STEEI,, BLAST FURNACES— Continued. 1 United States 35,078 $18,934,613 34,993 $18,916,382 4 $954 81 $17, 177 $9,788,139 $242, 415 $742, 221 4,954 303 1,910 1,139 774 1,659 5,434 13,867 1,358 1,081 482 2,217 1,939,208 112, 698 1,397,969 587,724 370, 751 1,161,179 3,471,083 7,763,931 646,861 346,471 257,024 980,614 4,944 297 1,910 1,139 774 1,658 5,431 13,836 1,336 1,074 482 2,212 1,937,827 111,690 1,397,969 687,724 370,751 1,160,975 3,470,333 7, 755, 189 641,914 344,865 257,024 980, 121 10 6 1,381 1,008 445, 152 37,536 958,945 203, 657 191,365 308,332 1,812,570 4,679,941 205,303 176,308 160, 576 709, 464 69, 786 6,214 13, 410 49,045 12,314 32, 139 174,776 281,627 22, 786 ■ 18, 192 25,683 46, 251 T 4 Illinois ^ 7,530 6 New York 1 3 204 750 37,400 41,040 147,432 8,413 8 Ohio g 31 22 7 8,742 3,947 1,606 11 Virffinia - . I** T^ All other states ■- 6 493 GENERAL TABLES. 265 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued Gronp 8— INK, PRINTING— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- eluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of olfioes. Interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Kent of power and heat. 1 / Total. Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). Mill sup- plies. Freight. $1,205,726 $385 $2,612,558 $2,486,991 $105,365 $2,381,626 $45,286 820,539 $8,959 S.50.783 $5,774,254 1 21,445 53,184 106, 649 457,990 451,460 72,418 42,580 152,830 99.475 125.002 1,102.926 407.002 403,329 321,994 133,296 90,870 118, 461 ■ 1,071,855 367,731 390,869 313,910 133,295 90,870 118, 461 1,071,866 298,731 390, 869 277, 545 1,729 1,609 3,409 12,626 11,527 7,430 6,956 1,026 2,731 1,800 12,275 218 1,976 513 235 866 1,332 2,857 1,140 1,930 600 16,646 3.400 315,809 257, 200 329,790 2, 320, 135 1,318,819 684, 397 648. 104 •> ■>, 4 3,313 26,386 1,124 15 5 103 282 69,000 6 7 36,365 8 Group 8. -INK, WKITING-Continued. S320.055 S4.30O $858,304 $848,836 $74,623 $774,213 S6, 156 $1,612 $551 $1,249 $1,881,038 1 52,796 143, 714 11,318 90,329 2,803 19,095 4,260 261,778 274,064 45,770 214,612 17,619 54, 461 250.088 272,775 44,718 210,935 17,390 62,930 19,053 28,318 6,110 14,324 1,915 4,903 231,035 244, 457 38, 608 196,611 15, 475 48,027 1,640 1,142 401 2,243 217 513 60 97 46 345 12 1 429,0.52 690,766 95, 837 566,694 37,288 161,402 50 342 965 263 124 f 40 155 862 Group 14 INSTKHMENXS, PROFESSIONAL. ANI> SCIENTIFIC-Continued. Group 3.— IRON AND STEEI., BliAST FURNACES— Continued. $458,358 $62,013 $1,360,153 $1,276,678 $4,931 $1,270,647 $37,513 $22,380 $9,478 $5,204 $5, 377, 755 1 3,938 275 53,485 12,073 530 858 27,721 413 22,432 205,134 16,712 67,679 6,109 40,999 350 25 37,185 10,803 9,826 87,926 20,407 2,630 3,002 124,076 1,957 175,642 493,014 34,022 320, 413 5,771 60,664 8,822 9,300 81,230 19,302 2,046 2,585 119, 182 1,652 166,780 469, 174 31,162 303,012 4,670 57,662 8,822 . 9,300 81,230 14,502 2,046 2,685 119, 182 1,652 165,780 469,174 31, 162 302,881 4,670 57,662 25 320 640 500 60 115 2,403 130 7,729 11, 479 1,032 11,713 113 1,254 1,071 36 5,245 250 463 92 1,776 100 334 7,087 1,256 3,331 628 812 85 45 441 355 9 180 329 50 1,699 3,076 304 2,091 40 775 800 125 370 81,977 44,250 519,307 92, 414 16, 022 21,070 426,379 16,217 539,719 2,042,200 173,711 1,118,121 34, 110 252,258 ? 3 4 4,800 ^ 53 30 386 25 100 2,199 269 266 420 161 f. 200 7 8 9 10 19,278 845 3,025 200 905 11 12 131 13 14 15 $8,796,632 $7,871 $178,941,918 $113,883,026 $108,029,699 $5,853,327 $62,885,747 82, 442 $1,476,067 $694,636 $231,822,707 1 385,367 31,322 946,535 144,682 179,041 238,793 1,596,155 4,150,882 169,031 150,818 134,893 663,213 11,012,233 720,836 19,005,423 3,104,136 2,940,780 6,373,503 32,476,727 86,321,875 2,609,157 2,717,061 2,250,807 9, 409, 330 4,247,508 299, 355 11,078,141 1,473,106 1,538,910 3,769,029 21,091,069 60,764,938 1,042,287 1,463,825 1,221,066 5,893,793 3, 826, 584 280,962 10,356,660 1,461,236 1,335,687 3,664,701 20,232,065 57,746,696 960, 522 1,417,956 1,163.510 5,583,220 420,924 18,393 721,481 11,869 203,223 104,328 85J,004 3,018,342 81,766 45,869 . 67,656 310, ,573 6,276,589 418,906 7,897,270 1, 452, 466 1,321,720 2,563.058 10,944,206 24,857,427 1,432,282 1,219.021 1,022,173 3,480,029 320,414 2,575 29,572 30,784 25,800 40,876 230, 413 697,089 21.263 34,205 7,5fiS 35,508 167,722 16,645,793 943,204 27,330,836 4,643,538 3,601,511 8, 634, 737 40,862,451 107, 455. 267 3,428,049 ,3,343,427 3,074,712 11,859,182 2 3 440 4 2,500 147,781 54, 360 5. 6. 7 2,002 209,037 2,421 113,326 8. 9 5,073 298 10. n 1? 1.% 266 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Croup 3.— IRON ANB STEEL,, BOIiTS, NUTS, WASHERS, AND RIVETS, NOT IHADE IN ROIiI.IN» jnilil^S OR STEEIi WORKS. (See also Iron and steel, steel vrorks and rolling mills; and special report on Iron and steel.) STATE OK TERRITORY. Number oJ estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United states 88 $18,912,646 $1,641,489 $3, 162, 690 $6,868,830 $7,239,537 86 15,996 Connecticut ■J 9 5 9 3 11 14 23 4 10 528,588 381,203 2,300,275 41,082 4,040,396 4,465,731 4,349,671 1,639,176 1,176,524 51,610 82, 341 20,000 206,621 7,128 600,338 1,051,318 735,218 311,512 149, 314 192,701 140,779 958, 884 12,611 1,810,079 1,353,647 1,672,073 437,980 390,076 201,936 220, 424 1,064,220 18, 443 1,407,533 1, 605, 623 1, 495, 427 778, 373 447,558 9 5 9 3 10 13 23 4 10 576 387 1,814 39 2,326 4,067 4,643 747 1,408 3 4 Massachusetts 71,650 2,900 222, 446 446, 143 546,853 111,311 189, 576 ■; 6 New York 7 Ohio 8 Pennsylvania ^ 9 10 All other states i Group 3. -IRON ANO STEEl., DOORS AND SHATTERS. 1 United States 24 $1,119,642 $45,000 $82, 435 $210, 165 $781,942 19 987 ? 4 11 3 6 131,346 213, 186 349, 433 425,578 50,157 52,783 37, 616 69, 609 81,188 148, 403 266,882 286, 469 3 8 3 5 88 177 128 594 3 New York i 8,666 23,500 13,500 4,000 21, 435 57,000 4 Ohio 5 All other states 2 . ... Oroup 3.— IROIV AND STEEL FOROINOS. (See also Iron and steel, steel u^orks and rolling mills; and special report on Iron and steel.) United States California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Massachusetts New Jersey New York Ohio , Pennsylvania Another states^... $28, 246, 474 109, 670 1,040,678 1,443,856 734,777 866,360 290,083 3,006,793 2,520,197 18,003,445 230,715 $2, 182, 432 30,600 111,372 312, 496 43,000 33,811 29,078 491,602 211,936 878, 359 40, 178 $2,804,131 6,769 128, 626 162,002 111,691 138, 473 40, 831 441,328 362, 008 1, 393, 726 19, 678 $5, 574, 276 23,310 367,903 487,212 310,361 337,368 113,780 972, 996 924, 965 1,971,439 74, 962 $17, 685, 635 49, 991 442, 678 482, 146 269, 725 356, 718 106.394 1,100,867 1,021,298 13,759,921 96, 897 17,701 64 892 1,312 474 1,078 500 2,297 2,954 7,593 537 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama. 1; C.ilifornia, 2; Indiana, 1; Michigan, 1; Missouri,!; Utah, 1; Washington,!; Wisconsin, 2. 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Minnesota,!; Missouri, 2; Pennsylvania, 2; Virginia,!. GENERAL TABLES. 267 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group a. IRON ANU STEEL,, BOLTS, NUTS, WASHERS, AND RIVETS, NOT IHADE IN ROLLING miLLS OR STEEL WORKS. (See also Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills; and special report on Iron and steel.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALAKIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. \ WAGE-EAENEHS. Aggregate. Officers o£ corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerlca, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing tlie year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing tbe year. Total. Men. Women. Numlier. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 49 632 S912, 220 123 $385, 045 509 1527, 175 424 $483, 127 85 $44,048 9,278 6,616 1 5 2 5 2 14 4 14 31 30 73 3 91 156 154 39 55 37,622 19,600 124,218 2,956 141,340 236, 187 186,814 95,829 67,654 9 . 5 9 1 12 30 31 6 20 17,350 11,000 47,670 1,500 60,332 86,050 87,328 47,695 36, 120 22 25 64 2 79 126 123 33 35 20,272 8,600 76,548 1,456 91,008 150,137 99,486 48, 134 31,534 19 24 51 2 74 99 100 24 31 18,684 8,500 67,800 1,466 88,348 137,301 89,786 41,888 29,364 3 1 13 1,588 100 8,748 337 254 1,155 16 1,515 2,641 2,114 642 604 203 123, 906 14 901 2,029 1,470 519 451 2 3 4 5 5 27 1 4 2,660 12,836 9,700 6,246 2,170 6 7 8 9 3 10 Group 3 IRON AND STEEL, DOORS AND SHUTTERS. 19 93 $117,407 1 22 $55, 397 71 $62,010 53 $52,622 18 $9,388 863 443 1 1 14 19 14 38 22 i 22,244 20,539 37,300 37, 324 8 5 4 5 14,000 13,697 8,700 19,000 11 9 34 17 8,244 6,842 28,600 18,324 9 8 23 13 7,256 6,242 22,600 16, 524 2 i 11 4 988 600 6,000 1,800 148 282 134 299 77 110 102 154 2 3 4 4 5 Group 3. IRON AND STEEL FORCINGS. (See also Iron and steel, steel vrorks and rolling mills; and special report on Iron and steel.) 77 605 $824, 032 140 $345,501 465 $478, 531 406 $445, 629 59 $32,902 7,127 4,583 1 6 4 4 9 36 66 40 43 25 102 118 155 11 14,140 51,986 98,486 50,950 55,705 34, 476 153,158 143,936 210, 882 10,313 4 14 16 14 5 5 23 26 30 3 9,600 28,960 47,821 31,250 8,620 12,360 65,310 59,950 77, 430 4,200 5 22 50 26 38 20 79 92 125 8 4,540 23,026 50,665 19, 700 47,085 22,116 87,848 83,986 133, 452 6,113 4 17 43 24 31 18 71 73 117 8 4,040 20,516 46, 974 19, 130 39,121 21,050 83,610 75,803 129,272 6,113 1 5 7 2 7 2 8 19 500 2,510 3,691 570 7,964 1,066 .4,238 8,183 4,180 74 379 630 464 364 278 984 1,068 2,094 192 50 308 447 243 288 179 641 1,151 1,194 82 2 3 4 5 11 8 7 10 21 Q U 7 8 9 10 11 'Includes establishments distributed as follows: Delaware, 1; Kentucky, 2; Maine, 2; New Hampshire, 1; Rhode Island, 1; Washington, 2. 268 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 3.-1R01N AND STEEIi, BOLTS, NUTS, WASHERS, AND KIVETS, NOT MADE iS ROL.1.INU ITIIL,IiS OK STEEI^ WORKS— Continued. STATE OR TEKBITOEY. 1 WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. i Men 16 years and over. ii Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. 6,921 Wages. S3. 348, 197 Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 T'nited States 8,090 $3,642,268 767 $207, 738 402 886,333 »970,370 $28, 416 $78,247 2 3 294 200 1,036 15 1,369 2,331 1,768 673 504 122.393 114,. 597 541,804 7,136 664, 486 965,890 709,111 290, 068 242 194 678 15 1,232 2,052 1,516 108,436 113,037 440,356 7,136 621,655 905.832 653.902 288.264 209,679 41 11.127 11 2,830 1,660 26,055 27, 676 272,427 2,546 140,043 247,308 124,657 49,086 80,572 1,363 6,628 4,306 40 3,080 . 5,943 5,169 2,079 1,001 16,060 223 9,601 22, 473 12, 405 7,207 8,248 Illinois _._ . _ 4 ' MasHAOhnsfttts 368 101,448 5 6 7 8 9 10 New York 137 210 10 1 10 42,831 48,082 1,940 338 1,972 Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island 69 242 7 67 11,976 63,269 1,466 15,242 226.793 I 427 1,998 1 «roup3.— IRON AND STEEL., DOORS AND SHL'TTERS— Continued. 1 United States Illinois 699 $407,390 689 $405, 890 10 $1,600 $144, 064 $16,521 85,672 ? 122 221 117 239 77,048 152, 783 66, 196 111,363 122 221 117 229 1 77,048 152, 783 66, 196 109,863 27, 262 31,760 66,034 20,008 5,580 8,329 1,180 1,432 620 352 3,062 1,638 3 4 Ohio 6 10 1,500 Group 3 IRON AND STEELi FORG^NGS— Continued 1 United States California ..i 5,665 $3,428,190 5,618 $3,419,562 47 $8,628 $1,141,120 $38,552 $81,368 •> ..! 61 ..; 349 . . 1 542 289 ..' 325 . . 1 227 ..: 804 -.! 1,378 1,568 122 44.418 212,920 393,095 157,967 208, 512 134,545 492,026 783,318 928,200 73, 189 59 349 640 284 322 227 804 1,364 1,567 122 43,994 212, 920 392, 612 167,217 207,888 134,546 2 424 6,013 62,280 76,631 42,319 79, 326 64, 177 146,064 264, 699 391,309 18, 312 2,640 3,380 7,650 950 10,300 2,300 3,397 846 6,512 1,677 811 4,317 7,448 1,488 6,037 1,225 10,931 20,379 26, 738 1,984 3 Connecticut Illinois Indiana Massachusetts New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania 4 2 5 3 483 760 624 5 6 , S 492,026 9 780,522 924, 649 73, 189 24 11 2,796 3,551 111 11 GENEEAL TABLES. 269 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Oroup 3.-l«ON AND STEEI,, BOL,TS, NUTS, WASHERS, AND RIVETS, NOT ITIADE IN ROIiI.IN« jnil,L,S OR STEEIi WORKS-Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. ' Rent of pov er and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw state. Pureliased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). $798,297 J65,410 87,807,239 $7,132,353 $7,132,353 8351,140 $16,464 $233,394 $73,888 $14, 687, 108 1 22,623 20,147 252,747 2,283 127,462 154,522 106,308 41,879 70,326 190,224 255,040 741,162 19,275 1 1,290,221 1 2,412,811 I 1,863,605 i 379,582 655,319 176,028 244,341 688,635 ■ 16,842 1,162,219 2,195,578 1,713,549 334,999 600, 162 176,028 244,341 688,635 16,842 1,162,219 2,195,578 1,713,549 334,999 600,162 . 9,543 7,866 35,916 1,399 35,161 106,064 97,890 21,316 35,985 1,083 1,380 1,925 874 3,421 60 6,101 2,770 1,453 7,177 110 87,900 62,524 45,178 19,460 6,822 800 440,095 474, 111 2,043,746 43,881 2,448,033 4,195,845 3,116,593 907, 581 1,017,223 9 3 325 7,609 50 1,520 48,585 887 3,807 10,730 4 5 64,370 715 7 ? 1,620 Group 3 — IRON AND STEEl,, DOORS AND SHUTTERS— Continued. $117,565 $4,306 $601,754 $561,712 $20,637 $541,075 $14,271 $4,499 $5,676 $15,596 $1,477,235 1 16,756 23,079 60,792 16,938 4,306 87,560 134,052 172,575 207,567 84,400 123,070 169, 429 184,813 84, 400 102, 433 169, 429 184,813 1,010 6,884 2,391 3,986 2,000 858 150 696 755 4,075 259,983 386,071 354, 667 476, 514 2 20,637 2,644 3 4 1,641 13,052 5 Group 3.— IRON AND STEEIi FORCINGS— Continued. $986, 478 $34,732 $5,752,315 $4,882,308 $15,559 $4,866,749 $728,669 $14,812 $85, 171 $41,355 $12,110,395 I 2,562 54,583 60,647 21,696 62,989 50,652 131,576 239,974 349,057 12,742 106, 719 243,268 688,538 462,948 333,276 172, 434 555,311 1,324,262 1,748,895 116,664 90,309 193,315 609,025 422,434 270, 9i4 144,820 434,902 1,139,245 1,486,426 90,918 90,309 193, 315 14, 645 35,877 70,928 37,277 51, 491 22, 999 84,356 163,081 229,957 18,058 990 172 1,660 775 7,992 6,533 3,237 3,616 1,908 20,711 10,642 27,360 2,397 196, 442 597,292 1,421,730 721,439 751, 155 412, 890 1,608,397 2,841,976 3,325,501 233,573 2 5,912 392 3 886 IS, 185 609,025 406,875 270,914 144,820 434, 902 1, 139, 245 4 15, 559 5 1,775 1,837 1,940 1,831 2,807 1,800 5,480 870 13.402 9; 463 2,345 3,491 6 7 150 3,500 10,002 2,009 S 9 1,486,426 90,918 10 11 270 MANUFACTURES. Table 5 SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Gl oill> 3 IRON AND STEEl., NATLS AND SPIRITS, CUT AND WKOUGHT, INCL.UDING 'WIRE NAIIiS, NOT MADE IN ROIiIiING MII.1.S OR STEELi 'WORK.S. (See also Iron and steel, steel worJcs and rolling mills; and special report on Iron and steel.) STATE OK TEEKITORY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 76 58,741,916 $719,697 81,601,383 ■13,014,603 S3, 406, 333 71 11,298 Onnneetinnt ?, 4 6 36 7 5 8 3 7 1,944,788 670, 647 2,809,110 487, 462 1,112,837 1,262,347 109,066 445,669 76,380 21, 248 281,676 102, 000 155,000 68, 244 6,200 8,850 401, 874 69, 581 609,350 93,087 204,000 244, 690 20,801 58,000 618,501 224,819 841,350 113,040 422, 531 515,910 47,001 231, 451 848,033 264, 999 1,176,735 179,335 331,306 433,503 35,064 147,368 4 6 35 5 5 7 3 6 1,110 465 4,675 890 1,950 1,655 340 3 Illinois . 4 Massachusetts . ■. 5 6 Ohio 7 PftTlTlSylVJlTlifl. 8 9 423 Group 3.— IRON AND STKEL PIPE, W^ROCIGHT. 1 United States 2 California 3 I Illinois 4 ! Ohio 5 I Pennsylvania 6 I Al^ other states^... 813,052,606 ! 239, 604 1,034,737 1,394,823 8, 506, 100 1,877,342 82,061,863 S3, 822, 829 20,000 20,752 8,676 99,361 110,000 273, 222 614,239 1, 187, 328 135,800 481,200 58, 670 189, 837 342,314 2, 772, 230 4.59, 778 86,279,199 140, 182 736, 863 669, 287 3,932,303 800, 564 25 17,796 3 119 3 775 4 3,451 11 9,561 4 3,890 Group 3 — IRON AND STEEIi, STEEL. ^n^ORKS AND ROIiL,ING MILIiS. (See also special report on Iron and steel.) United States Alabama California Connecticut Delaware Illinois Indiana Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Jersey New Yorlc Ohio Pennsylvania Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin All other states ^ . . . 7 6 6 4 16 20 57 186 3 12 10 12 8700, 182, 310 9,718,611 1, 110, 192 8,888,583 6, 279, 585 44, 275, 596 22, 985, 691 4, 716, 080 4, 111, 185 14, 348, 448 1,697,571 3, 672, 268 46, 280, 626 48, 852, 365 87,406,064 355, 592, 466 2, 112, 686 8,716,170 3, 489, 544 25,928,690 859, 852, 769 470, 600 238, 190 829, 221 1 , 176, 000 6, 691, 465 1,746,411 346, 751 35,400 697,885 159, 100 236, 445 4, 625, 683 2, 786, 183 7,306,011 29,685,311 910, 634 768,000 551, 528 792,951 8115, 074, 703 1,073,497 74, 000 1, 977, 906 2,177,000 5,769,389 2, 951, 909 483, 587 676,081. 1,369,162 206,000 447,233 6, 136, 750 12, 824, 687 13, 895, 429 58,327,930 194, 247 1,933,342 456, 621 5, 122, 033 1279, 642, 942 6, 022, 293 684, 231 3, 667, 617 2, 222, 665 17, 135, 637 12,581,622 2, 654, 664 1,776,938 6, 829, 951 581,409 2, 070, 769 13,717,359 22,990,395 42, 696, 146 123, 912, 761 288,682 3,077,142 1,237,194 15, 595, 667 2, 152, 121 213, 771 2,613,839 703, 920 .14,689,204 5, 705, 749 1,231,078 1, 622, 766 5, 561, 460 752,062 917, 821 22,901,834 10, 251, 100 23, 509, 478 143, 666, 454 719, 223 2, 937, 686 1,244,301 4,418,039 7 5 6 4 16 20 56 186 3 12 10 12 61, 282 2,633 18,363 10, 820 134,907 49, 176 27,373 18, 368 32,371 4,749 5,499 36, 613 100, 291 341, 282 949, 915 2,927 34, 822 12,684 53.694 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Indiana, 2; Maryland, 2; New Hampshire, 1; Rhode Island, 1; West Virginia, 1. 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: New Jersey, 1; New York, 3; Washington, 1; vVest Virginia, 1 . GENERAL TABLES. 271 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. tiroiip 3.— IKON ANU STEEL,, NA1L.S AND SPIKES, CUT AND WKOUGHT, INCIiUDING WIKE NAILiS, NOT MADE IN KOI.I,INe miiliS OK SXEELi WOKKS. (See also Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills; and special reporton Iron and steel.) Proprie- tors and firm Tnern- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. General .'itiperintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Aggregate. O flicrry of corporations. 3i 40 406 171 25 91 23 3li 33 Number. Salaries. NuiuIkt. SiiImiii's. Number. S:ilarics. Number. Salaries S-154. 130 I 174, 306 25, 222 121,709 26. 750 42. J55 40.006 3,460 20.216 52 5114,480 ^5 15 9 32,760 8,300 31,040 14,050 14 nnn 5339,650 9,300 1.200 3,840 162 20 76 14 33 29 4 16 141,556 16,922 90, 669 12,706 28, 465 30, 706 2,200 16, 376 155 16 58 13 25 20 3 13 $312,686 137,866 14,960 79,802 12,206 24,767 25,975 1,900 16, 220 Women. Number. Salaries. 826,964 3,690 1,972 10,867 500 3.688 4,731 360 1,166 WAGE-EARNEHS. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the V ing the year. year. 4,197 683 283 1,437 260 748 428 63 Least number employed at any one time dur- 3,178 436 205 1,064 194 605 367 28 280 Group 3.— IKON AND STEEI, PIPE, WKOUGHT. 11 296 .S36S. 607 28 392,045 268 $276,562 239 8264,553 j 29 112,009 7,050 2,643 1 10 66 44 150 26 16.870 58,454 : 27, 461 218.775 47,047 5 10, 100 5 j 6,770 66 .18. 4M 6 52 39 120 23 6,770 54,299 26, 240 138,613 38, 631 1 136 785 1,120 3,871 1,138 45 609 98 1,433 658 •> 3 14 3 11 1 4,155 . 946 6,492 416 3 3 3 2 2 19 275 73,670 8,000 42 131 24 27,186 145, 105 39,047 4 6 6 Group 3.— IKON AND STEEL,, STEEL. WORKS AND KOL.L,ING niIL.L,S. (See also special report on Iron and steel.) 14,330 S17,860,495 165 35 137 91 1,267 223,311 53,073 178,033 102,952 1,684,457 323 71 117 395 38 369,962 ' 78,211 138,727 364,586 46,104 61 566 609 1,744 8.129 88,798 804,772 801,337 1,931,037 10.057,776 37 107 133 305 66,806 142,342 155,870 572, 342 35 42 57 339 $2,931,254 63, 102 20, 585 82,808 38, 933 234, 565 81,998 32, 395 22,290 15,550 6,400 27,420 136, 194 228, 482 175,903 1, 620, 296 21,240 35,913 28,181 169,000 13,019 151 30 115 79 1,225 296 50 109 387 35 64 531 567 1,687 7.790 29 90 124 270 170, 209 32,488 95,225 64,019 1,449,892 287,964 46, 816 116, 437 349,035 39,704 61 , 378 668, 578 572, 856 1,765,134 8,537,481 45, 666 106, 429 127, 689 403, 342 147 24 87 72 1,113 273 42 108 373 30 520 1,687 7.269 29 83 120 240 167, 809 29,568 83,071 61,699 1,379,071 275,914 43, 172 116, 637 343, 172 36,887 69,278 632,019 545, 361 1,706,925 8,226,636 45, 566 103,462 125,843 380.610 28 7 112 23 8 1 14 .6 3 51 47 100 521 .$567,741 2,400 2,920 12.154 2,420 70.821 12,050 2,644 900 5,863 2,817 2,100 36, 569 27, 494 48,209 310,846 2,967 1,846 22, 732 256, 135 5,099 913 3,361 1,702 21,611 9,298 2,917 1,880 5,261 1,664 1,919 10,019 9,234 34,882 132,930 1,233 6,496 2,314 4,402 157,316 3,104 676 2,412 1,248 11,941 5,711 1,367 984 3,714 464 907 7,352 5,472 19, 418 85,814 732 2,723 1,830 1,458 s Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 1; Georgia, 1; Kansas, 1; Maine, 1; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 4; Tennessee, 2; Washington, 1. 272 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Gronp 3.— IKON AND STEEI,, NAIL,S AND SPIKES, CUT AND "WKOUGHX, INCliUDING WIRE NA1I.S, NOT MADE IN R01.1.INU miI.I.S OR STEEIi WORKS— Continued. STATE OR TERRITORY. WAGE-EARNERS AND "WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men IS years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of worlcs. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average numher. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States Connecticut.. 3,681 »1, 684,077 2,777 SI, 428, 691 ^5 S240, 246 69 $15,241 $703, 848 $20, 684 $51,918 •> 510 242 1,231 222 674 400 49 363 259,088 119,493 606,969 83,494 286,084 184,736 14, 445 130,768 298 151 975. 164 637 349 43 260 194,905 88,032 528,324 74,025 246,867 172,062 13, 496 110, 881 209 89 235 57 137 38 6 64 63,398 31,081 73,063 9,384 38,217 10,889 950 13,273 3 2 21 1 785 380 6,692 86 221,099 89,970 159, 189 32,563 53, 407 109,872 5,847 31,901 9,990 2,663 21,246 3,569 9,117 3,087 414 1,832 3 1,000 10,630 700 2,904 1,400 4 Massachusetts . 5 New York Ohio 7 13 1,785 8 9 29 6,614 4,060 Group 3 — IRON AND STEEI. PIPE, WROUGHT— Continued. 1 United States California 6,416 $2, 472, 721 5,355 $2,464,628 19 $1,500 42 $6,593 $586,261 $42,327 $32, 678 ? 95 664 660 3,048 949 70,969 316,347 349,613 1,339,681 396, 121 95 664 660 3,006 930 70,969 316,347 349,613 1,333,088 394, 621 14,668 137,029 1 68,008 ; 306,363 60,203 j ! 372 6,200 12,090 21,580 2,085 485 6,920 4,419 13,669 7,185 3 Illinois 4 Ohio Pennsylvania 5 42 6,693 6 19 1,500 Group 3 — IRON AND STEEI,, STEEI, WORKS AND ROL.I,ING IMlIiL,S— Continued. United States Alabama California Connecticut Delaware Illinois Indiana Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin All other states 207, 562 3,636 773 2,989 1,055 16, 448 7,216 2,149 1,634 4,544 1,018 1,349 8,334 7,626 27,756 110,904 1,022 4,409 1,915 2,986 $122,491,993 1,508,681 492, 390 1,586,715 412,003 10,070,988 4,071,593 1,272,114 811, 128 2, 693, 235 526, 665 928, 303 4,087,977 4,393,222 18, 667, 542 65, 306, 427 381,715 2,813,319 1,124,529 1, 453, 547 204, 290 $121, 615, 828 3, 456 759 2,910 1,028 16, 196 7,156 2,107 1,444 4,411 1,018 1,345 7,947 7,448 27, 480 109, 391 1,019 4,326 ' 1,913 2,938 1, 476, 337 487, 690 1,563,707 407,903 4,058,790 1,265,414 793, 528 2,536,075 526, 666 927, 403 3,967,243 4,370,821 18,577,904 64,927,930 381, 168 2,780,487 1,123,999 1,444,056 1,461 $441,013 70 239 66 7 16 114 387 78 204 277 2,000 20,800 69,346 12,203 1,800 3,966 61,858 120,734 22, 401 59, 357 76, 549 1,821 $436,162 181 10 9 27 13 3 35 75 19 3 84 2 48 32,344 2,800 2,208 4,100 2,734 600 4,900 13, 636 6,302 900 72 20,281 1,236 301,948 647 32,832 630 9,491 $37, 373, 831 344, 837 84,933 470,393 144, 785 3,382,006 606,398 244, 871 284, 926 717,910 163, 103 172,013 1, 448, 660 1,137,066 4,113,201 21,924,663 110,426 492,683 277,330 1,253,727 $519, 722 $2,096,368 4,068 420 8,206 22, 106 5,902 16,686 10, 594 212, 670 44, 780 17, 793 10, 335 83,419 14, 220 17,962 64,686 88,138 361,858 896,279 11,787 24, 486 32,183 160, 496 GENERAL TABLES. 273 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 3.-IKON AND STEEL, NA1L,S AND SPIKES, CUT AND WROUGHT, IN€I,CJDmG WIRE NAIIiS, NOT MADE IN ROIililNG jniLLS OR STEEL WORKS— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of offices. interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). $627,880 S3, 366 $4,686,349 $4,429,365 $364 $4,429,001 $152,220 $18,781 $55,359 $30,624 $8,922,896 1 211,109 460. 447 219,868 1, 488, .521 145, 401 1, 348, 418 462,947 98.841 461,906 414,699 203,600 1,398,928 128,946 1,305,812 442,268 93. 944 414,699 203,600 1,398,564 128, 946 1,305,812 442,268 93,944 441, 168 13,992 9,750 61,814 6, 349 29, 710 16,006 4,375 10, 224 1,000 120 9,372 500 5,039 27,607 1,398 8,773 6,909 7,857 1,379 522 914 3,149 5,000 9,634 2,697 1, 621, 576 506,260 2,840,467 309,488 1,814,411 985,923 132,664 712,207 ■> 86, 307 12^,313 364 28,294 38,020 105,385 5,433 26,019 3,366 6 3,294 7 2,' 750' f) 441, 168 6,850 Group 3.— IRON AND STEEL. PIPE, U^ROUCHT- Continued. $507,679 $3,577 $12,746,619 $11,906,262 $11,906,262 $611, 187 S2, 464 $215, 284 $11, 422 $17,400,912 1 13,811 120,332 51,499 271, 104 50,933 237,746 1,440,201 2,115,253 7,171,686 1,781,733 228,305 1,387,425 1,961,216 6,631,437 1,697,879 228, 305 1, 387, 425 1,961,216 6,631,437 1,697,879 1,513 47,076 94,086 404,684 63,828 2,444 306 5,700 54, 457 135,545 19,276 5,178 366,731 2,216,707 2,619,706 9,620,979 2,676,789 •> 3,577 f 5,494 4 20 5 750 6 Group 3 — IRON AND STEEL, STEEL WORKS AND ROLLING MILLS— Continued. $34,642,178 $115,563 318,674 67,031 453,708 133,771 3,156,831 541,789 227,078 I 230,287 623.781 82,511 154,061 1, 376, 417 1,035,955 3, 744, 181 20, 614, 169 95, 579 468, 197 240, 127 1,078,031 $441,204,432 60,222 6,982 12,230 5,035,190 778,970 2,626,931 939, 506 38, 649, 762 10,905,822 4, 216, 751 6, 582, 085 6,901,763 1, 800, 179 1,588.494 12, 389, 675 13, 260, 039 78, 209, 770 237, 875, 025 821,788 8, 742, 471 4,501,159 5,379,052 S399, 109, 305 4, 120, 940 697, 510 2, 144, 432 788,611 34,983,723 9, 298, 683 3, 767, 293 6, 173, 988 5, 878, 544 1, 643, 394 1,362,815 11,073,112 11, 455, 333 72,261,457 216,077,604 746, 393 8,020,787 4, 129, 198 4, 485, 488 $2,716,777 80,641 10, 165 3,801 38,051 45, 770 11,351 7,331 11,842 2,259 12, 477 45,831 122,309 279,027 2,018,693 3,547 11,136 5,605 6,941 $396, 392, 528 4,040,299 697, 510 2, 134, 267 784, 810 34,945,672 9,252,913 3,755,942 6, 166, 657 5, 866, 702 1,641,135 1, 350, 338 11,027,281 11,333,024 71,982,430 214,058,911 742, 846 8,009,651 4, 123, 593 4, 478, 547 $35, 192, 961 506, 063 61, .303 401,911 134, 927 3, 303, 682 1,336,663 383,357 375. 363 914,003 135,384 197, 452 1,031,616 -1,564,694 4,981,593 18, 158, 705 58,772 591,997 338,226 717,250 $193, 705 3,100 4," 768 2,250 1.800 12, 847 9,298 149, 693 8,012 1,937 $6, 182, 266 375, 535 7,057 51,178 10, 166 353,943 168, 347 35,085 28,984 109, 216 20,401 28,227 275, 508 140, 555 957, 422 3, 284, 134 8,611 129, 621 29,298 168,978 $526, 195 32, 652 10,000 29,410 5,802 3,646 102,129 31,016 1,500 1,000 7,639 86,610 66 2,500 7,336 $673,965,026 8,041,566 1, 489, 012 5, 150, 675 1, 597, 309 60,021,925 16,920,326 6, 167, 542 8,106,929 11,947,731 2,712,114 2,999,438 20,065,972 21,227,399 111,996,673 363, 773, 577 1,515,959 13,454,802 7,379,038 9,397,039 MFG — PT 1 — 07- -18 274 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14.— IVORY AIVU BONF/ WORK. (See also Combs; Fancy articles, not elsewhere speclfled.) STATE OR TERRITORY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number oi estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 66 SI, 269, 177 $128,183 $162,040 $242,942 $736,012 58 1,262 Illinois ? 3 21 4 21 5 12 3,325 645,232 43,124 404,959 68,203 104,334 1,625 134,205 10,826 58,401 9,750 28,135 1,700 396,254 29,998 197,568 58,453 52,049 3 20 2 20 3 10 6 763 SO 214 21 228 3 Massachusetts ■ 25,233 300 89,000 89,540 2,000 60,000 4 New Jersey . 5 fi 7 All other states i 13,650 10,600 Group 14.— JAPANNING. 1 United States 32 $595,695 $64,500 $98,973 $291,393 8150,829 10 262 Massachusetts 2 3 6 5 11 3 7 43,046 7,226 472,560 7,176 65,700 13,000 2,000 26,000 1,000 12,500 7,600 1,800 76,673 2,500 10,400 6,095 2,400 259,698 2,100 22,200 17,350 1,025 110,279 1,575 20,600 4 30 4 New York 4 1 1 204 3 26 5 fi Pennsylvania All other states 2 Group 10 jrE:WE:i.RY. United States. California Colorado Connecticut District of Columbia Illinois Indiana Iowa ICansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri : Nebraska New Jersey New Mexico New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Texas Washington Wisconsin All other states 3 1,023 49 8 7 7 43 5 7 3 7 12 131 3 113 3 294 16 ^ 5 43 197 3 11 12 $39,678,956 330,916 98,043 91,850 20,427 827,303 29,059 70,586 5,125 23,843 193,369 8,704,509 44,812 63,774 135,851 9,912 7,202,103 8,300 9,116,221 472,287 33,250 761,518 11,199,233 13,100 77,800 74,083 72,683 $303,511 $964,361 $6,137,817 68,400 600 8,600 13, 100 98,600 18,000 460 3,100 3,400 6,950 29,435 2,000 22,600 94,361 423,451 1,000 119,300 1,000 9,400 10,000 327,326 7,000 94,045 13,976 20,350 9,600 150,467 7,300 24,100 2,900 9,000 22,300 1,701,423 15,260 26,931 43,783 3,150 662,677 1,300 933,195 127,228 6,150 197,651 1,988,254 6,000 42,000 23,904 16,983 $32,283,267 236,421 84,067 66,000 10,827 640,451 21,759 21,886 2,226 14,843 171,069 6,485,274 29,562 37,843 92,068 5,762 6,371,726 5,500 8,164,126 345,059 27,100 540,867 8,785,054 7,100 35,800 50,179 31,700 3 110 15 3 32 144 8,047 161 18 19 6 190 97 5 26 24 2,321 30 21 993 94 4 172 2,659 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: California,!; Coimecticut, 2; Iowa, 1; Michigan,!; Missouri, 2; New Hampshire, 1- Ohio 1- Rhode Island 2- Vermont, 1. '»'»,, ' Includes estabUshments distributed as follows: Illinois, 1; Maine, 1; Maryland, 1; Missouri, 1; Ohio, 2; Wisconsin, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 275 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued. Group 14.— IVORV AND BOINK WORK. (See also Combs; Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALAKIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EAKNEES. Aggregate. 1 Officers of corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. I>east number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. 20 Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 74 93 $87,784 822,424 73 $65,360 51 $56,204 22 $10,156 2,170 1,462 1 2 23 5 25 4 15 1 46 8 20 10 8 312 39,533 9,055 22,898 9,186 6,800 1 34 6 16 10 6 312 29,299 3,855 17,408 9,186 5,300 1 10 4 3 2 2 312 5,200 1,144 1 1,500 ' 1,200 800 9 1,428 103 293 164 173 9 923 81 189 123 137 ■) 12 2 4 10,234 5,200 5,490 24 2 13 8 4 24,099 2,711 15,908 7,986 4,500 3 4 5 6 2 1,500 7 Group 14.— JAPANNING 1 31 32 S-10.653 9 120,719 23 $19,934 19 .$18,518 4 $1,416 .540 318 1 5 6 9 3 s 3 6,300 2 4,800 1 1,500 1 1,500 45 21 391 20 63 31 21 221 3 42 ? 3 27 32,353 7 15,919 20 16,434 16 i5,6i8 4 1,416 4 5 2 2,000 2 2,000 2 2,000 6 Group 10.— J P:\VEIiR v. 1,436 2,603 $2,939,419 267 $650,343 2,336 $2,289,076 1,509 $1,883,542 827 $405,534 26,387 18,600 1 127 8 5 6 51 6 9 3 10 14 187 18 10 20 4 176 3 421 21 8 60 233 3 12 11 10 34 8 7 3 135 5 1 2 2 7 509 2 10 36 38,078 ll,2,i8 6,600 3,000 124,382 6,380 90O 1,008 590 6,488 596,197 1,375 7,057 23,280 34 8 5 1 120 3 1 2 2 7 469 2 8 31 38,078 11,258 4,500 1,500 89,010 2,380 900 1,008 590 6,486 484,250 1,375 5,257 17,480 31 6 3 1 82 2 1 1 36,582 9,878 3,200 1,500 69,578 2,000 900 720 3 2 2 1,496 1,380 1,300 486 42 66 33 837 44 132 7 49 83 6,838 66 86 297 16 3,419 10 4,686 283 23 574 8,061 16 111 82 51 419 37 41 26 660 32 48 5 36 81 4,567 69 64 217 13 2,648 8 3,465 243 15 407 5,205 8 92 74 40 ■> 3 2 15 2 2,000 1,500 35,372 4,000 4 38 1 19,432 380 6 7 8 1 2 288 590 9 10 7 311 1 3 21 6,486 403,008 1,300 3,175 13,062 11 50 111,947 148 1 5 10 81,242 76 2,082 4,428 12 13 2 5 1,800 5,800 14 15 16 386 524,339 45 126,047 341 398,292 236 348,088 105 50,204 17 18 544 43 2 51 799 2 5 4 6 567,987 42,726 1,200 42,712 918,569 1,125 3,600 3,810 6,860 29 5 95,352 9,000 515 38 2 51 694 2 4 3 3 472,635 33,726 1,200 42,712 667,954 1,125 2,100 2,960 2,300 313 27 386,269 28,748 202 11 2 20 270 1 2 86,366 4,978 1,200 11,047 137,621 225 600 19 20 21 31 424 1 2 3 2 1 31,665 .530,333 900 1,500 2,960 1,700 22 105 250,615 23 9A 1 1 3 1,500 850 4,560 25 ?fi 1 600 27 includes establishments distributed as follows: Delaware, 1; Florida, 1; Georgia, 2; Oklahoma, 1; South Dakota, 1; Tennessee, 2; Utah, 1. 276 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14.— IVORY AND BOIVX! 'WORK— Continued. STATE OB TEERITOEY. WAGE-EAENERS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of ■works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States Illinois 1,769 8777,463 1,406 $681,602 284 $76,416 79 . S19,446 $213,272 $27,756 $5,456 2 9 1,150 92 236 141 141 5,230 495,081 43,178 138,704 43,114 52,156 9 914 82 206 109 86 5,230 429,002 41,122 131,242 35,608 39,398 1,317 135,294 13,861 ■ 40,587 11,660 10,553 510 6,976 1,855 12,128 4,210 2,077 10 3,526 38 1,565 14 303 3 Massachusetts 172 ' dQ :*1S 64 i6,76i 6 1,034 4 4 30 1,022 7,462 6,106 12 508 5 New Yorli «) 8 1,400 1 91^0 7 All other states . . Uronp 14.— JAPANNING— Continued. 1 United States Massachusetts 426 $187,736 302 $146,418 117 $39,557 7 $1,761 $50,751 $11,186 $2,856 ?, 37 21 314 7 47 18,594 7,502 130,088 3,512 28,040 35 17 200 6 44 17,502 6,592 91,987 3, 148 27,139 2 1,092 4,178 4 1,416 39,677 1,012 4,468 2,062 300 6,738 820 1,266 685 56 1,444 82 689 3 New Jersey 4 910 4 , ii4 1 38,i6i 364 1 Pennsylvania - ' 85i" fi All other states Group 10.—JEWEI.RY— Continued. United States.. California Colorado Connecticut District of Columbia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraslca New Jersey New Mexico New Yorlt Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Texas Washington Wisconsin All other states 445 39 46 22 713 36 79 5 42 81 5,626 57 75 262 16 2,988 7 4,075 262 18 492 6,475 11 96 77 45 $12,692,846 375,278 38,969 17,898 11,166 466,458 22,809 64,058 2,073 21,052 46,223 2,820,136 22,852 47,198 201,457 10,996 1,839,421 3,903 2,605,847 161,712 13,620 295,604 3,366,274 9,250 77,481 40,731 32,682 15,845 431 39 28 21 657 34 63 5 36 71 3,624 63 71 216 14 2,171 7 3,440 213 18 379 4,140 11 93 69 41 370,201 14, 10, 436, 22, 48, 2, 19, 43, 2,085, 22, 46, 10, 1,655, 3, 2,372, 147, 13, 263, 2,616, 5,785 527 31 74 2,261 $2,025,032 4,148 "2,"656' 19,231 741 6,820 750 1,248 713,794 130 942 11,195 272,840 219,821 10,066 25,709 732,891 600 1,502 1,064 106 3 108 18 "39 $77,647 929 279 200 1,368 348 800 20,492 360 312 11,028 13,920 4,043 6,006 15,803 300 338 163 $4,161,303 87,917 14,201 6,312 2,113 122,611 6,785 6,630 1,089 5,790 12,247 832,362 8,235 8,395 33,447 1,529 721,690 590 1,011,494 37,969 2,840 66,072 1,142,636 2,659 11,239 7,546 8,905 $752,766 28,027 6,178 1,065 1,728 48,466 1,610 2,110 417 2,040 4,963 112,260 2,115 4,368 18,704 1,220 64,164 240 221,752 11,760 2,550 36, 153 166, 145 1,320 5,920 4,691 3,900 374,160 1,444 641 109 347 429 40 74 941 31, 134 697 178 1,571 182 12,470 42 2,177 569 55 365 16,392 11 657 337 1,015 GENERAL TABLES. 277 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued. «roui> 14 — IVORY AND BONE WORK— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- TENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. 1 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Kent of ofBees, interest, etc. Principal iiiaterials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. '^f* : Aggr,.«ato. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). $179,660 $400 1 $1,380,597 $1,322,878 , $758,191 $564,687 $21,039 $9,255 S4,623 .522,800 $2,863,602 1 797 124,792 11,668 26,894 7,436 8,173 1,198 952,821 400 58,810 830 912,869 58,170 241,815 44,300 1 64,894 830 394,077 33,886 92,430 23,300 20,164 366 2,314 306 3,262 2,116 903 2 3,435 135 482 130 441 14,529 1,808,051 132,684 583,956 137,250 187,132 •> 518,792 24,284 149,385 21,000 44,730 18,019 200 1,610 160 1,060 16,184 3 4 247,379 48,395 71,994 220 1,700 4,696 5 7 $36,709 1,431 1,060 31,495 110 2,613 8242,238 24,727 8,198 186, 160 2,655 20,498 Group 14.— JAPANNING— Continued. $224,992 $224,992 22,554 7,431 22,554 7,431 176, 200 176,200 2,450 16,357 2,450 16,357 $11,672 1,944 707 4,975 205 3,841 $549 129 '426" $807 100 35 372 300 .?4,218 25 4,193 $607,060 82,291 28,704 415,888 10,068 70,109 Group 10.— JEWEIiRV- Continued. $3,179,190 $155,207 $24,177,229 $23,797,097 $505,066 $23,292,031 .$101,477 $194,710 $66,282 $17,663 $53,226,681 1 67,146 6,618 4,138 224 67,lil8 3,828 4,091 632 3,676 6,343 679,261 3,002 3,839 13,172 12: 636,274 308 755,521 24,440 235 25,879 872,920 1,328 4,062 2,518 2,990 1,300 764 682,356 31,593 37,641 10,740 801,238 15,558 49,118 2,079 .50,425 78,186 3,733,208 49,461 53, 458 234,846 13,117 4,646,826 5,542 6,120,638 228,727 13,728 482,531 6,657, .584 11,979 97,092 37,852 31,706 672,493 30,591 35,865 10,196 789,921 15,211 44,126 1,956 49,659 77,109 3,629,774 48,879 51,717 232,030 12,725 4,596,430 5,542 6,064,342 225,393 13, 415 470,409 6,558,553 11,700 92,617 36,187 30,267 216,870 3,600 455,623 26,991 36,865 10,196 775, 173 15,211 44,126 1,956 49,659 77,109 3,559,444 47,767 51,717 232,030 12,725 4,596,430 5,542 , 5,872,218 226,393 13,415 470,309 6,649,778 11,700 89,417 36,187 26,060 1,082 128 725 199 2,607 7,658 812 392 264 7,641 344 393 110 386 617 33,138 488 1,302 2,207 382 23,551 1,118 12 87 31 1,059 3 214 13 10 115 24,277 19 37 274 5 5,629 5 50 672 50 10 1,446,828 114,099 105,700 38,865 1,754,875 57,715 141,347 8,000 98,301 187,672 10,073,595 97,772 151,473 589,036 31,649 9,303,646 1 18,000 12,366,865 662,809 41,100 1,040,029 14,431,756 29,600 220,700 125,853 108,396 2 3 4 75 4,240 5 14,748 6 7 2,026 2,359 8 q 370 325 35,232 75 382 210 10 20 10,787 11 9,707 2,521 10 70,330 1,112 12 13 20 125 5 314 14 15 16 9,782 32,044' 1,200 20,902 17 18 182,124 12,041 15 145 3,803 20,562 24 192 288 144 41,751 2,776 128 5,970 57,860 233 3,728 1,290 1,290 11,921 504 40 655 20,105 22 180 37 15 583 40 19 20 21 4,685 87,179 100 8,776 1,794 504 22 23 24 600 100 1,000 3,200 375 50 25 26 4,207 27 278 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Croap 14.— JEWEIiRY AND INSTRUOTENT CASES. STATE OR TERRITORY. United States Illinois Massachusetts Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states i . . . Numher of estab- lish- ments. 97 Total. 51,437,835 42, 626 74, 429 5,650 71,404 748, 796 7,800 418, 600 68,530 Land. $24,200 500 3,650 2,000 10,600 3,350 3,600 600 Buildings. S63, 360 2,000 6,700 • 1,600 20, 800 9,800 12, 500 10,050 Machinery, tools, and implements. $352, 694 9,035 22, 210 800 8,040 98, 789 4,800 198, 000 11,020 Cash and sun- dries. $997, 591 31,091 41,869 1,,3.50 31,964 636, 857 3,000 204, 600 46,860 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 361 24 172 13 24 64 Group 3.— JUTE AINO JUTE WOODS. (See also Cordage and twine; I.lnen goods; and special report on Flax, hemp, and jute.) 1 United States 16 $11,019,132 $328, 163 $1,883,913 $3,161,476 $5,645,580 f 16 22,fi34 New Jersey. . . - ■> 3 i 9 1,143,011 550,388 9,326,733 61,046 28,712 248, 406 202. 471 164,938 1,616,504 314, 792 168,903 2,687,781 574, 702 197,835 4,873,043 3 4 9 1,880 1,040 19,714 3 4 All other states 2 Group 9 KAOliIN ANB GKOUND EARTHS. United States California Connecticut Delaware Georgia Illinois Indiana Maryland Massachusetts Missouri New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Vermont Virginia All other states ^. . . $10, 195, 793 120,6.50 341, 7.54 164, 819 168, 476 462, 289 138,742 92, 637 223,240 786, 723, 726, 651 5,268,053 70, 4.58 379,019 964,296 15,000 119,329 163,757 $1,623,846 75,850 44,746 28,000 108,000 74,248 20,000 1,000 16, 802 310, 188 66,000 591,927 18, 750 53, 562 170,502 6,100 3,700 35, 480 $1,461,344 7,000 67, 422 23,500 15, 681 103,884 25,389 12, 000 30,600 120, 127 178, 500 605,326 12, 195 127, 140 203,025 3,800 10,900 24.866 $1, 720, 632 15, .500 144,711 38,000 18,038 133,801 29, 1.53 45,837 54,833 185, 394 220,323 346, 735 18, 134 107, 626 242, 257 2,600 68,945 68,745 $5,389,972 22,300 94, 875 75,319 26,767 160, 366 04,200 33, 700 121,005 171,014 261,828 3,824,065 21,379 90,701 338, 612 3,500 46,784 44,677 130 17,340 96 1,484 398 140 1,298 386 602 1,086 1,026 1,615 3,366 550 1,909 2,123 105 745 515 Group 6.— I/AREI.S AND TAGS. (See also Printing and publishing;.) United States Illinois Michigan Missouri New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states * ... $2,117,654 222, 738 93, 896 99,744 416, 663 148, 925 230, 753 905,035 $76,717 4,000 600 1,000 750 5,000 30,000 36, 467 $202,202 4,600 1,000 4,000 4,623 16,000 74,000 99,079 $963,214 106, 269 40, 132 46, 378 236, 466 86,013 50,385 397. 571 $875,521 107,969 52, 264 48. 366 174; 724 42.912 76.368 372,918 57 920 108 45 31 165 97 56 418 Group 10.— IiAMPS AND REFIiECTORS. (See also Gas and lamp ttxtures.) United States Connecticut Illinois Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states = . . . 142 $7,795,627 2, 659. 972 118, 642 208. 480 229, 42li 60, 900 723, 300 2,311,894 286, 434 704, 935 111,739 380,805 $393,991 135,000 600 1 , 2,50 10,000 77,000 126, 486 15,000 7,600 1,706 10,350 $982, 561 430,000 500 10,500 9,095 106, 500 286, 602 47,6.36 19,028 300 72.600 $1,900,903 647, 300 27, 671 55,605 13.152 10,350 193, 401 578,696 49,997 168,931 13, 400 142,501 $4,618,072 1,447,672 89,971 141,125 197, 179 50, 550 346, 399 1,320,212 172,801 509,376 96,3.33 146, 464 104 3,446 1,218 61 110 45 70 317 864 271 217 20 253 Group 14 — liAPIDARV %VORK. 1 United States 54 i $2,383,862 16.5.50 52, 100 3,850 2,2i;i.309 8,700 41 , 3.53 $16, 100 $55,600 $130,096 K.1,S3.166 46 679 California 2 7 4 4 27 4 8 3,960 3, 100 2,850 106,093 1.800 12.303 12,600 49,000 1.000 2,085,216 6,900 28, 450 5 4 4 24 1 8 8 11 7 626 1 27 3 Illinois 4 5 15,000 66,000 6 Pennsylvania 7 ioo 600 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 1; Maryland, 1; New Hampshire, 1; Rhode Island 1 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Delaware,!; Georgia,!; Indiana,!; Massachusetts,!; Missouri, 2; New York 2- South Carolina 1 3 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Florida,!; Kentucky,!; Maine, 1; New Hampshire, 1; Tennes.see 2- Wisconsin 'l ' ' GENERAL TABLES. STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 14.— JEWTELiRY AND INSTK UMENT CASES. 279 Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALAKIED OFFICIALS, CLEEKS, ETC. WAGE-EAENEKS. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. ' Total. 1 Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 126 121 S107, 104 16 S21,SS2 105 885,222 81 874,712 24 810,510 1,869 1,470 1 7 6 5 5 79 4 13 5 12 S.217 9. HIT 4 5,717 1 13 _ 2,500 9,617 1 8 2, .500 8,077 108 173 2 77 1,252 21 129 97 95 116 2 69 999 16 116 68 ? 4 1,640 S <1 5 84 1 11 S 75.915 780 10 14,066 74 1 11 6 61,860 780 7,666 2,819 59 1 9 3 54,874 780 6,906 1,575 15 (5,976 6 7 7,656 4,919 2 3 760 1,244 H 2 2,100 9 Group 2.— Jl'TE AND Jl'TE GOODS. (See also Cordage and twine; I.inen goods; and special report on Flax, liemp, and jute.) 3 152 i $330,041 34 $167,550 118 .?lli2,491 96 8136,987 22 825,504 6,469 5,754 1 -i. 25 ' 23 ."'■ 104 38,018 23,082 268,941 7 2 25 18,000 5,000 144,550 18 21 79 20,018 18,082 124, 391 16 19 61 18,202 17,290 101,495 2 18 1,816 792 22,896 778 636 5,056 656 665 4,643 •> 3 3 4 Group 9.— KAOl,IN AND GKOUND EAKThS. 91 253 $329,374 90 $168,767 163 .5160,617 146 $151,932 17 88,686 2,913 1,700 1 4 4 4 IS 6 11 22 2 5 16 22 20 50 6 13 39 1 7 11 3,910 21,068 8,428 6,2.50 32,511 4,000 6,400 25,716 29,919 29,338 74,109 5,126 12,673 52,893 190 6,700 10. 145 4 15 4 4 12 3,910 14, 368 4,728 2,200 9,873 4 14 4 4 9 3,910 13,968 4,728 2,200 8,313 14 234 109 107 164 43 39 106 190 216 602 87 287 406 14 243 152 14 140 65 47 118 25 32 59 163 147 307 25 103 299 7 2 3 2 7 10 2 4 4 14 6 15 1 4 12 6,700 3,700 4,060 22,638 4,000 6,000 6,660 23,609 16,400 35,940 2,000 5,600 24, 760 1 400 3 4 5 4 4 3 ; 8 ' 3 1,660 6 7 1 12 8 15 35 5 9 27 1 1 400 19,055 6,410 13,938 38,169 3,125 7,073 28, 133 190 2,200 6,845 1 12 6 13 33 4 7 23 1 3 8 400 19,055 4,990 13,054 36,945 2,825 5,980 26,329 190 2,200 6,845 8 <> 2 2 2 1 2 4 1,420 884 1,224 300 1,093 1,804 10 e 13 1 8 3 1 u 12 13 14 15 Ifi 4 3 4,500 3,300 50 17 99 18 Group 6.— Li4BEL.S AND XAGS. (See also Prlntlni^ and publlslilng.) 65 197 .5257, 75S 28 894,710 169 $163,048 lo4 8146, 100 35 816,948 1,573 1,180 1 10 2 8 25 2 7 11 , .33 13 7 60 13 15 56 41,035 10,958 10,036 73,448 14,608 11,648 96,025 I 2 12 2 2 7 5,200 1,700 5,460 33,850 6,200 2,600 40,700 31 12 5 48 11 13 49 35,8.35 9,258 4,576 39, 698 9,408 9,048 66,326 21 11 5 41 9 9 38 30,653 8,816 4,576 36,612 8,440 7,636 49,368 10 1 5,182 442 257 78 68 454 56 197 463 198 68 64 356 47 105 342 2 3 4 7" 2 4 11 2,986 968 1,413 6,957 5 Group 10.— 1.AJTIPS AND REFLECTORS. (See also Gas and lamp fixtures.) 109 510 S6a5,130 99 $243,339 411 $451,791 329 8408, 392 82 $43,399 6,463 3,696 1 1 108 171,758 14 42,434 94 129, 324 81 122, 123 13 7,201 1,662 1,313 2 5 30 26, 534 9 13,875 21 12, 659 11 8,079 10 4,580 172 73 6 15 17 24, 619 3 7,200 14 17,319 10 15,467 4 1,852 228 169 1 3 1 15 8 18,268 4,01b 15 7 18,268 3,666 11 6 15.944 3,077 4 2 2,324 679 122 64 63 29 b 1 360 6 6 47 54,516 9 16,400 38 38,116 28 33, 023 10 5,092 425 283 7 29 154 256, 848 35 115,246 119 141,602 97 126,849 22 14,653 1,729 1,014 8 7 47 53,768 6 12,800 41 40,968 36 39,018 5 1,950 266 168 9 26 49 48,460 7 16,050 42 32,400 37 30, 104 5 2,296 417 239 10 3 8 8,276 2 3.500 6 4,776 4 4,108 2 668 96 76 14 27 28, 178 13 16,374 14 12,804 9 10, 600 5 2,204 402 279 12 Group 14.— liAPIDAKY WORIK. 102 $109,053 1,000 2,675 100,642 "'4,' 736' $18,150 15.650 "2,' 500 94 .590, 903 1,000 2,675 84,992 ""2,236 76 $83, 661 1,000 2,000 7.=!, 793 I ""i,"768"i 87,342 675 "6,"i99' """468' 18 19 5 517 10 2 19 3 5 4 359 5 5 6 20 7 < Includes establishments distributed as follows: Indiana, 1; Maryland, 2; Massachusetts, 2; Minnesota, 3; Nebraska, 1; New Hampshire, 1 ; New Jersey, 1; ^^°'\^nSS'esiaW^hmmts distributed as follows: California Iowa, 2; Kansas.l; Maine,l: Maryland, 2: Minnesota, 1: Nebraska, 1: ^*^''lnelS*eItalnshments distributed as follows: Colorado, 1: Connecticut, 1; Maryland, 1; Massachusetts, 1: Michigan, 1; Missouri, 1: Rhode Island, 2. 280 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECrFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Gronp 14 JEATEIiKY AND INSTKCMENT GASES— Continued. STATE OE TEEEITOKY. WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including Internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States 1,676 3623,887 794 $414, 124 860 $205,799 22 $3,964 $203,675 $63,084 $3,185 ? 99 145 2 66 1,140 17 124 83 38,807 52, 786 1,016 32, 792 412,503 6,148 46,242 33,593 49 55 1 48 638 8 47 48 22, 866 23,616 600 27,537 284,414 4,483 26,058 24,550 49 88 1 18 593 9 71 31 15,693 28,832 416 5,255 126,279 1,665 19,216 8,443 1 2 248 338 9,715 15,047 523 2,427 118,063 1,233 50, 672 5,995 4,290 4,224 306 546 38,512 960 11,724 2,522 124 553 52 77 2,073 17 138 151 3 4 Missouri 5 6 New York 9 1,810 7 Ohio 8 6 4 968 600 q All other states . Group 2.— JUTE AND JUTE GOODS— Continued. 1 United States 6,083 $1,917,986 2,437 S948, 457 3,083 $876,994 563 $92,535 $771, 106 $83,383 $75,959 ? 708 601 4,774 226,720 152, 181 1,539,08^ 354 210 1,873 134, 059 75,556 738, 842 246 254 2,583 69, 107 68,363 749, 534 108 137 318 23,554 18,272 50,709 58,740 68,545 643,821 6,498 2,048 67,413 3 Pennsylvania 4 83,383 Group 9.— JKAOlilN AND GROUND EARTHS- Continued. 1 United States California 2,157 $898,700 2,128 $892,221 28 $6,221 1 $258 $562,354 $32,310 $28,676 ? 14 163 94 54 116 28 32 69 164 172 389 54 185 330 5 177 111 9,116 74,086 36, 416 16,684 68,682 15,732 14, 470 34,926 70,855 81, 301 175,432 20, 161 76, 281 132, 102 2,219 43,970 36,267 13 163 93 54 116 28 32 69 164 170 389 52 185 328 6 177 90 8,737 74,086 36, 158 16,684 68, 682 15,732 14, 470 34,926 70,856 80,901 175,432 19, 730 76,281 131, 502 2,219 43,970 31,866 1 379 5,463 38,959 29,314 6,073 31,285 6,976 12, 231 30, 124 46, 219 40,717 169, 585 2,819 26,688 99, 606 642 6,496 10,257 480 4,000 200 1,369 396 284 1,033 761 305 3,772 2,447 2,789 7,495 405 2,084 4,220 50 569 508 3 Connerticut , , 4 1 258 6 Georgia 6 Illinois 120 250 1,712 2,360 240 2,638 11,472 7 8 Maryland 1 9 1 1 10 Missouri 1 11 New Jersey 2 400 ' 1? New York 13 North Carolina 2 ; 431 14 Ohio •... 471 6,469 88 1,160 850 n 2 600 ! 16 17 Virginia 18 21 4,411 Group 6.— IiABEIiS AND TAGS— Continued. United States Illinois Mioliigan Missouri New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ', 237 73 63 384 53 132 406 $609,4 87, 468 29,742 27,856 199, 497 28,449 42,129 194, 298 872 $499, 422 104 34 50 241 38 69 346 63,480 17,023 24,345 159, 143 24, 439 29,730 181, 262 419 I $103,390 125 22,964 38 12,539 11 2,967 143 40,354 16 4,010 46 10, 115 41 10, 441 1,024 180 544 2,284 2,595 $294,528 $57, 481 $6, 100 37,426 10, 299 376 17, 469 2,228 781 24, 513 2,640 258 108,912 31,284 484 15,298 3,740 864 16,678 2,260 267 74,332 6,030 3,070 Group 10.— UAWCPS AND REFI^ECTORS- Continued. United States Connecticut Illinois Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states 4,429 1,416 104 192 362 1,320 221 , 309 89 323 $2, 170, 590 620, 269 55,977 118,968 37,213 11, 632 215, 332 682, 093 105, 084 151,956 43,318 128, 748 3,741 941 93 177 76 20 316 1,242 191 282 84 319 $1,936,069 462, 859 63, 540 114,048 37, 213 10,086 205,959 653, 260 94, 815 145,348 41, 134 127, 807 636 $222, 778 158,961 2,306 4,702 1,062 8,973 28,833 10, 269 5,082 2,184 416 $11,743 8,459 131 218 484 400 1,526 "'525' $994, 143 187, 605 26,985 53,940 50,605 4,292 46,505 386, 312 53, 877 69, 441 40,686 74,096 $101, 177 1,260 9,170 10, 890 764 940 2,010 48,925 3,401 18, 286 1,320 4,221 Group 14.— liAPIDAR-V WORK— Continued. $33,906 13,886 637 916 1,368 114 2,478 10,280 1,895 620 81 1,632 1 '. United States 507 I $656,627 492 $651,904 9 $3,396 6 $1,327 $125,626 $34,713 $1,883 2 1 California 3 Illinois 4 New Jersey 15 ; 8,542 19 ' 18,000 5 3,096 441 cm, 752 .'. 2, 728 22 14,509 8 19 4 439 4 18 6,340 18,000 2,680 609, 429 2,328 13, 127 6 2,052 1 150 2,697 3,710 1,042 112, 431 1,640 4,106 1,634 2,580 766 25,752 1,275 2,707 66 120 22 1,496 1 1 416 148 5 New York _. 6 Pennsylvania 1 1 3 175 400 602 7 All other states I 780 179 GENERAL TABLES. 281 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 14,— JEWEIiKV ANB INSTRUMENT CASES— Cnntimied. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom worli and repairing. Rent of oflioes, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggre.^ate. Principal materials. Fuel. $6, 333 Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. SS2 1.146 Purcliased in raw stat(\ Purchased in partially mnnufactiiri'd form (incljd- ing "all othor materials"). $134,456 $2,950 $842,988 $821, 146 $12, 327 $2, 291, 648 4,801 10,270 165 1,804 75,328 256 38,510 3,322 500 55,744 54,250 62,479 1 59,992 3,215 II 3,205 48,992 . 48 198 54,250 69,992 3,205 48, 128 540,970 7,206 73,696 33,700 147 586 10 270 2,637 51 315 1,317 1,192 1,464 50 103 106 334 131,762 168,608 9,620 111,823 1,432,484 22, 766 295, 222 119,363 3 122 7,598 236 976 740 25 1,073 40 70 112 447 718 100 25 980 6 2,150 552,996 7,632 75,081 J6,849 540,970 7,205 73,696 33,700 7 300 9 4,783 26,560 20,591 5,789 30,132 5,975 10,214 23,992 Group 2 JUTE AND JUTE GOODS— Continued. $611,764 1 52,242 1 66. 497 1 1 493,025 1 1 $482,137 S19, 231 85,054,130 $4,007,012 497,108 362,509 4,194,513 476,071 343, 161 3, 787, 780 $4,124,719 388, 856 287,008 3, 448, 855 $482, 293 87,216 56, 153 338,925 $99,908 14,458 11, 122 74, 328 $1,625 125 1,500 $280, 391 $65, 194 4,550 7,793 268, 048 2,029 308 62,857 7.030 S, 328 43,257 35,290 275 148,406 2,414 2,212 22,647 88,917 1.386 504 3,767 8,899 $9,066,802 929, 319 656,236 7, 480, 247 Group 9. — KAOLIN AND GROUND EAKTHS- Continued, $1,868,901 $1,609,863 $1,278,427 $231,436 $214, 769 $5,733 $46, 505 $92,031 $4,438,794 1 18,888 16,600 74,824 67,049 -15,713 142,966 29, 100 16,963 119,552 128,723 228,200 275, 729 7,646 94,130 224.798 1,750 17,040 58, 481 14,500 47,155 57,049 9,769 83,471 25,000 16,290 111,844 114,210 208,956 228, 814 6,486 90,031 195,834 1,200 14, 490 53, 339 2,100 27,669 1,080 21,097 6,915 2,110 20,860 3,282 2,702 10,015 31,900 21,069 28, 642 1,501 18,668 31,709 20 7,173 6,036 1,023 187 186 3,490 270 1,061 5,779 435 1,770 2,822 4,099 3,427 8,964 795 8,817 3,515 10 257 809 50, 620 250, 388 184, 184 49,948 310, 743 80,290 76,438 241,401 359,780 468,235 1,080,935 76,263 349,783 620,034 5,700 110,687 124, 465 •> 102,248 64, 234 2,650 3 4 18,960 174,685 6,954 69, 495 ■1, 100 673 7,708 14,513 19,244 46,915 1,160 4,099 28,964 650 3,150 6,142 60 26 5,090 3,048 5 6 35,866 7 23, 236 1,800 1,149 8 141,094 165, 432 8,156 710 4,402 23,002 9 10 2.57,098 n 336, 837 9,941 500 12 13 163, 663 263, 045 144 41,904 3,023 20 14 15 1,800 16 25, .570 05,706 500 .ISO 17 IS 997 1,010 255 84,983 365 1,220 Group 6.— LABEIiS AND TAGS— Continued. 1229,723 $1,224 $957,028 $916,087 $916,087 $12,491 818,097 $3, 528 $6,826 $2, 462, 497 1 26, 751 14, .384 21,615 77, 144 10, 694 123,684 39,681 56,128 212, 374 41,7.50 125,801 357,010 119,826 35,576 53,989 202,825 40, 534 120,785 342,552 119,826 35,576 63,989 ; 202,825 40,534 120,785 342,552 1,467 1,113 26 1,421 290 881 7,294 2,230 67 1.810 7,349 700 1,673 4,368 101 306 214 454 176 667 1,710 60 2,619 90 325 50 1.995 1,686 324, 096 116,727 134, 705 746,973 i 148,910 1 217,680 773,406 76 3 4 5 6 14,061 65,084 7 1,148 8 Group 10.— LAMPS AND REFLECTORS— Continued. $811,417 $47, 643 $3,682,551 $3,550,730 $800 $3,549,930 868, 227 $23, 262 815,274 $26,058 $8,999,874 1 169,819 15,178 28,074 48, 373 3,238 42,017 313,003 48,581 50,507 38,384 54,243 2,660 2,000 14,061 869, 472 105,763 97,289 242, 850 32,092 386, 704 1, 141, 733 196, 100 , 209,086 153,809 247,663 827, 143 103,040 92,563 232,864 31,285 .373, 194 1,108,029 187, 383 199,709 153,039 242, 491 827, 143 103,040 92,553 232,864 31,285 373, 194 1,108,029 187, 383 199,709 153,039 241,691 33, 466 625 1,160 1,076 120 8,842 14,762 3,152 2,616 65 2,343 4,172 114 160 164 50 4,068 2,914 .2,306 634 85 617 4,691 283 2,224 5,739 2, 134, 461 245,253 399,967 495,924 63,538 822,451 2,957.812 441,048 599, 237 268,022 572, 161 ?. 1,701 1,192 3,017 637 600 7,630 1,242 5,648 600 995 3 4 5 6 7 14, 104 8,398 2,017 479 20 1,207 8 9 28 800 14,000 10 11 800 12 Group 14 LAPIDARY WORK— Continued. $200 200 $6, 223, 675 16,289 81,922 627 6,096,805 4,592 23,540 $6, 207, e 15,610 81,100 272 6, 083, 335 4,400 22,891 $6, 750, 613 14,009 74,500 5, 666, 429 100 5,575 $456, 995 1,601 6,600 272 426, 900 4,300 17,316 $2, 110 $12, 390 20 20 ,820 100 160 574 712 196 10, 370 80 458 81,207 35 110 39 1,030 12 41 $300 50 250 87,646,814 41,035 140,500 9,600 7,379,974 13,050 62,656 282 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 1.—L.AKD, REFINED. (See also Slaagbterlng and meat packing, vrholesale; and special report on Slaughtering and meat packing.) STATE OR TERRITORY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United .states i.. 9 81.162,891 874.372 $162,003 S233, 030 J693, 486 r. 810 Group 4 LASTS. 1 United States 55 82,008,553 1 8164.730 8308,879 S511, 510 81,023,434 51 2,886 ? 23 3 15 4 10 1,076,289 71,417 267.098 103,931 489.818 92, 500 214, 102 239, 613 49,260 92, 132 24,127 106,378 530,074 22, 157 118,966 46, 727 305, 510 23 3 12 4 9 1,602 76 494 93 621 3 4 36.000 14; 000 22,230 20,000 19,077 55, 700 li Pennsylvania 6 Group 10.— LEAD, BAR, PIPE, AND SHEET. 1 United States ! 32 .55,015.161 S704,880 S, 91, 724 $1,071,720 82,446,837 31 2,512 •> New York. j 9 861, 482 1,409,309 2,744,370 25, 520 325,450 353,910 15, 500 349, 469 426, 755 205, 987 205,994 659,739 614, 475 528,396 1.303,966 8 4 19 749 434 1,329 3 4 Pennsylvania 1 4 All other states a : 19 i Group 5.— LEATHER GOODS. (See also Pocketbooks; Saddlery and harness; Trunks and valises.) United States California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Maine Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ^ . . . 34 3 4 .50 12 3 10 21 195 13 31 15 $8,508,111 131,644 63,946 416, 374 15,000 120, 405 616, 428 68, 401 73. 603 72,333 613, 386 3, 320, 806 1,625,063 1,437,146 133,688 S288, 529 1,500 2,000 10, 500 1,000 80, 106 10.354 1,600 6,000 20, 275 73,000 41,670 34,150 6,375 S693, 697 2,500 5,000 13, 600 3,000 10, 200 26, 370 4,435 $1,161,444 15.000 81,035 23, 140 13,435 68.465 2,200 17,300 106, 822 14, 484 21,666 15.663 70. 9B0 208,950 469.517 220. 567 237, 437 86,300 82,892 17,850 17.493 6, 364, 441 104, 504 43,510 323,919 8,800 12, 800 372, 882 47, 882 61,847 35. 680 341. 115 2,669,339 i' 1,125, .389 1,234.804 91,970 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows; California, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Missouri, 1; New Jersey, 2; New York, 2; Ohio, 1; Tennessee 1 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows; California, 1; District of Columbia, 1; Illinois, 1; Maine, 1; Michigan, 1; Missouri, 1; NewHamp'sli 3,847 25 27 122 58 650 462 81 15 73 246 1,006 449 54 Rhode Island, 1 hire, 1; Ohio, : GENERAL TABLES. 288 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Oroiip 1.— liARD, refine:!). (See also Slaugliterlng and meatpacking, wholesale; and special report on Slaughtering and ■neat packing.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Aggregate. Number. Salaries. $107, 579 Officers of corporations. Nuinl>er. [ Salaries. S13,500 General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Total. Number. Salaries. 71 894,079 Men. Number. Salaries. J93,079 Women. Number. Salaries. SI, 000 WAGE-EARNERS. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 601 Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Group 4.— liASTS. Group 10.— liEAD, BAR, PIPE, AND SHEET. Group 5.— I.EATHER GOODS. (See also Pocketbooks; Saddlery and harness; Trunks and valises.) 59 186 S223.249 24 353,999 162 .S10il,250 136 tl56,920 20 ■ 812,330 1,450 959 1 31 2 13 6 7 63 14 25 77 86,870 15,631 30,894 6,270 83.584 5 2 7 13,000 5,719 17,300 58 12 LS Ii7 73,870 9,912 13,594 6,270 65.604 50 12 15 6 53 70, 510 9,912 11,930 5,750 58,818 8 3,360 617 60 311 60 402 391 23 197 57 291 2 7 3 1 14 1,664 520 6,786 4 5 6 10 17,980 11 177 S23S.SI3 21 $57,600 156 ! S181,213 139 $169, 464 17 $11,749 778 623 1 3 6 39 38 100 59,331 42,741 136, 741 7 6 8 22,000 10,500 25,100 32 32 92 37,331 32,241 111,641 30 27 82 36,118 29, 121 104,225 2 5 10 1,213 3,120 7,416 215 165 398 164 151 308 2 3 4 499 912 $883,426 77 $147,484 835 8735,942 646 $652,819 189 883, 123 9,999 6,029 1 24 6 27 2 3 59 9 1 7 26 263 9 40 23 21 5 63 1 5 68 24 27 5 51 414 51 170 7 21,430 5,300 73,352 500 3,850 44,051 12, 435 30,286 3,092 63,170 396, 596 62,354 161,040 5,970 4 3 24 6,000 4,000 41,420 17 2 39 1 3 68 19 27 5 51 391 42 163 7 15, 430 1,300 31,932 500 3,200 44, 051 9,275 30,286 3,092 63, 170 342,316 37,705 147,715 5,970 13 1 26 13,342 1,000 24,764 4 1 13 1 1 20 5 7 2,088 300 7,168 500 400 8,681 1,500 1,760 213 74 ' 562 27 36 621 169 101 69 537 5,326 813 1,346 105 93 46 414 16 34 349 72 68 63 354 2,881 600 991 58 2 3 4 2 650 2 48 14 20 5 44 302 32 133 6 2,800 35,370 7,775 28, 526 3,092 00,150 300,880 32,769 136,901 5,460 6 7 5 3,160 8 10 7 89 10 30 1 3,020 41, 436 4,936 10,814 520 23 9 7 54, 280 24,649 13,325 12 13 14 15 3 Includes establishments distributed as follows: California,!; Colorado, 1; Illinois, 2; Maryland, 1; Massachusetts, 3; Michigan,!; Minnesota,!; Nebraska, !; Ohio, 3; Rhode Island, 2; South Carolina, 1; Utah,!; "Wisconsin,!. ^ Includes establishments distributed as follows: Iowa, !; Kansas, 1; Kentucky,!; Maryland,!; Nebraska, 2; North Carolina,!; Rhode Island, 2; Texas,!; Utah, 2; Washington, !; Wisconsin, 2. 284 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 1.— IjARD, REFINED— Continued. STATE OB TEEKITOEY. "WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of worlcs. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States 441 8219,387 415 $210,555 15 $4,672 11 $4,160 1160,448 $24,685 $6,372 Group 4.— liASTS— Continued. 1 United States Massacliusetts 1,208 $797,714 1,194 $794,332 2 $988 12 $2,394 $328,457 $49,082 $11,911 7. 501 40 265 59 343 396, 158 33,364 142,805 35,302 190,085 500 39 264 59 332 395, 794 32,740 142,705 35,302 187,791 1 1 364 624 138,198 18,696 72,071 12,314 87,178 15,528 1,720 23,604 1,890 6,340 7,243 206 1,186 405 2,871 3 4 New York 1 100 5 Pennsylvania 6 Ail othier states 11 2,294 Group 10 — LEAD, BAR, PIPE, AND SHEET— Continued. 1 United States New York 646 $405,025 645 $404,689 I $436 $338,486 $27,968 S9fi.4fifi 2 156 133 357 97,883 91,864 215,278 155 133 357 97,447 91,864 215,278 1 436 131,188 31,039 176,259 13 100 -^ oao 3 Pennsylvania 1,220 13,648 6,119 17,298 4 All other states Group 5.— LEATHER GOODS— Continued. United States California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Maine Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Ail other sta tes 7,785 120 54 474 17 33 470 105 75 65 4,018 693 1,144 81 $3,137,125 48,216 24,405 227,139 5,202 18,375 195,565 43,997 17,536 35, 696 155, 126 1,326,629 263,787 4.37.691 .37; 761 53 280 6 33 278 70 21 41 252 2,774 365 561 59 $2,348,073 25,534 24, 155 106,637 2,702 18,375 143,530 35,053 10,522 26,997 118,057 1,265,199 183,786 295,112 32,414 2,626 74 1 187 11 • 182 35 54 22 123 1,189 294 435 19 21,620 250 59,148 2,500 50,547 8,944 7,014 8,289 30, 435 351,382 73,974 121,990 4,875 S48,084 2 61 55 34 148 3 1,062 'i,'354' 410 6,634 10,048 6,027 20,589 472 $1,451,724 26,580 4,448 95,572 4,350 11,746 77,863 9,853 2,699 14,146 61,348 810,820 79,307 233,397 19,595 $285,246 9,935 757 26,626 220 160 17,143 2,350 1,630 2,257 5,450 186,570 3,081 27,405 1,872 $24,164 410 447 1,287 119 474 3,125 538 164 1,448 1,415 7,170 5,257 1,795 515 GENERAL TABLES. 285 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 1.— I.ARD, REFINEB— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and lie at. Mill sup- plies. Freigtit. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purcliased in partially inanuiactured form (includ- ing "all ottier materials"). 8129,391 S5, 640, 178 15,573,963 $4,800 86,569,163 864,727 81,488 86,128,601 ^ Group 4.— liASTS— Continued. 8258,464 $9,000 $767, 712 $689,103 ' 8689,103 829,933 $18,210 816, 187 814,279 $2,519,771 115,427 16,770 47, 281 10,019 68,967 380,698 21, 193 89, 110 26,441 251,370 347,816 18,578 73,328 21,768 227,613 13,940 887 4,330 2,162 8,014 6,921 1,230 5,969 800 3,300 5,096 123 887 279 9,802 6,825 375 4,606 432 2,041 1,206,814 104,282 393, 174 88,056 727,445 2 3 4 5 18 578 73' 328 21 768 9,000 227^613 I Group 10.— LiEAD, BAR, PIPE, AND SHEET— Continued. $266,052 828,000 87,910,180 87,839,043 ' S7, 839, 043 852,488 81,003 810,416 $7,231 89,277,462 87,039 23,700 145,313 28,000 2,868,929 876, 157 4,165,094 2,846,233 867,785 4,125,025 2, 846, 233 18,791 7,254 26,443 365 3,490 1,118 5,807 SO 3,285,431 1,089,480 4,902,551 867, 785 ■^ 4 125,025 638 7,181 1 1 Group 5.— IiEATIIER GOODS— Continued. 81, 051,. 569 16,235 3,244 65, 7.59 3,711 11, 122 55,627 6,965 1,005 10,441 54,483 537,414 70, 969 204, 197 10,397 890,745 2,000 300 1,968 79,666 6,811 $9,626,614 92,013 83, 191 566, 109 5,748 27, 214 563,354 120,891 39,874 96,582 562,993 5,315,621 766,874 1,297,607 90,643 $9,496,880 89,669 79,650 554,240 5, 530 19,888 550,456 117,013 37,453 94, 217 556, 149 6,275,893 745, 737 1,286,114 84,871 $122,481 2,025 51,825 695 1,500 67,300 9,136 $9, 374, 399 79, 650 554, 240 5,530 17,863 498,631 116,318 37,453 94,217 554,649 5,218,593 746, 737 1,286,114 75, 735 $46,465 28 746 1,268 no 5,508 4,446 936 364 620 3,639 12,851 9,582 3,418 2,941 $35,905 30 3,479 60 4,356 1,170 135 650 1,443 18,774 870 4,065 180 507 65 350 8 1,800 733 269 1 75 595 4,784 5,154 1,576 1,906 9,662 817,665,345 1,116 2,700 6,772 40 18 247,632 126, 930 1,134,031 25,912 85,698 3,364 1,514 1,921 20 1,167 1,041,525 220,994 108, 761 160,897 920, 101 3,319 4,531 2,336 745 9,506,144 1,449,685 2,407,410 219, 725 286 MANUFACTURES. Table 6.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 5.— liEAXHER, TANNED, CURRIED, AND FINTSJaED. (See also special report oo lieatlier, tanned and curried.) STATE OB TERKITOKT. United States Alabama California Connecticut Delaware Georgia Illinois Indiana Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts Micliigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Peimsylvania Bhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states i . . . Number of estab- lish- ments. 4 49 9 20 29 28 13 20 27 17 132 26 73 118 34 40 11 20S Total. $242,684,254 ,946,282 6,368,078 894,079 6,645,862 2,406,238 11,649,246 1,247,656 4,428,693 1,464,736 2,018,666 27,070,206 6,860,797 82,260 1,345,163 1,516,497 12,492,373 24,037,904 2,568,965 6,915,341 272,048 72,972,114 252,972 17,080 4,013,289 23,400 201,466 4,635,224 37,960 8,750,696 30,409,164 39,820 Land. $9,842,911 51,075 460,254 70,972 360,983 74,790 451,307 26,700 268,458 42,716 33,734 793,720 231,823 7,950 140,520 196,095 1,105,340 792,399 90,476 264,462 19, 150 2,256,526 27,000 111,062 3,800 7,000 169,008 10,000 300,631 1,480,390 3,700 Buildings. $35,684,642 105,075 951,899 117,489 870,661 284, 110 2,629,306 151,250 669,244 214,500 191,936 5,760,727 871,604 24,850 164,781 216,376 1,622,644 3,660,768 320,773 1,245,710 44,600 9,128,618 19,981 1,850 677,678 3,900 24,200 519,992 7,800 837,973 4,631,548 12,800 Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. $32,889,457 153,826 540,423 82,829 784,850 358, 144 3,762,064 68,247 549,631 192,430 186,680 6,907,758 672,228 22,440 102,698 164,806 1,175,103 4,080,233 191,577 426,793 29,700 6,535,476 34,910 5,140 596,224 3,200 13,600 269,649 8,200 603,736 5,299,492 8,470 $164,167,244 636,306 4,415,602 622, 789 4,639,358 1,689,194 4,806,570 1,001,459 3,041,360 1,016,089 1,606,316 13,648,001 5,085,142 27,020 937,264 939,220 15,504,504 1,966,139 4,979,386 178,598 56,051,494 171,081 9,200 2,728,335 12,600 156,666 3,676,575 11,950 7,008,356 18,997,734 14,850 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 909 9 20 20 26 10 18 24 13 124 22 8 67 112 17 33 10 185 6 2 Total horse- power. 129,975 1,316 3,829 391 5,585 1,161 5,520 642 1,824 2,362 1,130 16,469 4,439 281 576 1,280 8,596 13,822 1,621 2,968 314 34,938 308 41 1,831 35 180 2,523 70 3,023 13,974 47 Group 9.— 1.IME. United States. Alabama Arkansas California. . . Colorado Connecticut - District of Columbia. Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky . 15 j Maine 16 Maryland. Massachusetts . Michigan Minnesota Missouri Montana New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania. . South "Dakota- Tennessee . Texas Utah Vermont.- Virginia... Washington West Virginia... Wisconsin All other states 2 23 6 19 28 41 124 4 17 6 8 10 20 6 5 35 6 $22,596,020 824,630 121,471 1,253,400 93,637 1,381,102 41,304 67,532 36,920 2,954,988 452,835 169,166 29,950 21,650 1,927,003 539,004 245,002 .530,977 211,011 1,046,912 27,651 316,956 886,826 1,974,713 3,979,269 15,000 277,744 94, 083 28, 623 319,972 368, 471 635,550 160,683 1,468,401 95,590 $8,217,884 315,185 17,200 598, 600 15,000 1,146,183 10,000 39,250 5,200 1,070,959 101,108 36,850 14,500 5,500 389,858 150,323 108,385 214,800 115,350 286,880 t 14,701 100,700 358, 467 8.58,646 1,311,064 2,760 11,800 4,700 174,864 47,636 150, 527 03,150 375,361 15,600 84,423,916 84,900 32,300 125,000 19,300 92,500 6.000 6,800 6,100 193,997 172,365 72,150 6,300 4,100 416,000 132,650 36,700 98,729 33,904 285,953 3,800 90,271 137,600 462,332 833,696 3,700 64,676 16,400 3,260 37,200 156,375 74,186 37,350 663,834 24,600 33,866,870 266, 538 • 25,338 ^13,000 17,137 10,366 2,000 10,950 6,000 560,459 80,935 25,480 4,800 6,700 620, 162 71,312 25,222 35,583 15,425 138,957 2,400 52,385 165,547 241,962 932,670 6,500 36,250 32,600 4,609 35,327 51,901 52,470 17,835 109,300 18,800 6,087,3.50 168,007 46,633 316,800 42,200 132,053 23,304 10,532 18,620 1,139,573 98,427 34,735 4,350 5,360 501,983 184,719 74,695 181,865 45,332 335,122 6,760 72,599 236,222 411,773 901,830 2,050 90,920 33,283 16,064 72,681 112,660 358,374 42,348 329,906 36,690 248 938 6 95 120 57 10 74 75 1,312 1,046 81 15 12 1,150 357 178 359 120 660 20 150 676 3,318 6,366 605 160 267 371 78 10 1,200 168 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 1; Iowa, 2; Louisiana, 1; Mississippi, 2; North Dakota, 1; South Dakota, 1; Utah, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 287 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Gronp 5-I .EATHElt, TANNED, CURRIED, AND FINISHED. (See al«« special report on I^eather, .annea and curried.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNEBS. . ^= Aggregate. Offlcers of corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 1,112 3,251 84.451,906 460 $1,467,920 2,791 $2,983,986 2,551 $2,862,897 240 $121,089 68,464 46,740 1 3 39 7 18 38 20 18 12 28 28 152 13 8 4 15 63 158 45 34 15 216 7 2 28 5 2 43 5 49 27 10 7 116 21 192 24 97 18 62 29 24 526 2 21 51 342 241 37 94 8,896 183,583 28,270 250,583 29, 446 134, 674 20,384 89,611 31,232 36,587 686,334 146,745 2,400 37,344 66, 103 500,917 340,309 61,265 142,455 2 39 11 30 5 9 3 19 6 2 55 20 1,216 83,035 19,060 99, 233 14,049 30,600 2,500 47,749 10,200 10, 349 193,778 74,100 5 77 10 162 19 88 15 43 23 22 471 72 2 9 61 282 216 27 66 7,680 100,548 9,210 151,350 15,397 104,074 17,884 41,862 21,032 26,238 492,566 72,645 2,400 8,094 66, 103 286, 197 232,909 34,765 88,775 5 66 8 141 19 83 12 42 20 22 413 63 2 8 44 256 201 24 55 7,080 94,008 8,118 139,678 15,397 100,983 16,020 41,262 20, 362 26,238 463,210 67,871 2,400 7,494 62,571 273,6.59 226, 786 33,460 82,009 280 1,721 215 3,672 727 3,449 314 919 653 609 10,909 2,013 65 235 616 5,980 6,579 723 1,794 112 16,963 105 13 878 24 68 1,329 8 1,268 6,184 39 237 1,364 164 1,853 486 1,601 236 618 390 466 7,315 1,525 46 196 345 4,237 4,472 389 1,448 88 11,881 68 11 61S 21 49 927 8 776 4,885 21 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 11 2 21 6,540 1,092 11,672 5 3 1 3 3,091 1,864 600 670 58 9 29,346 4,774 12 29,260 1 7 26 15 3 11 600 3,532 12,538 6,123 1,305 6,766 14 15 60 25 10 28 214,720 107,400 26,500 53,680 16 17 18 19 20 754 8 1 40 2 7 71 927,434 14,080 200 63,736 1,100 6,040 95,032 64 3 190,901 9,000 690 5 1 34 2 4 65 736,473 5,080 200 36,138 1,100 1,540 55,984 654 4 1 33 2 719,488 4,900 200 35,738 1.100 36 1 16,985 180 21 22 23 6 27,598 1 400 25 26 27 28 3 16 4,500 39,048 4 2 1,540 725 53 65,259 48 322 2 88,514 457,702 930 6 25 1 42,527 136,267 600 42 297 1 45,987 321,435 330 40 279 1 45,017 311,659 330 2 18 970 9,776 30 31 32 Group 9. 500 731 $702,998 177 $251,999 554 $450,999 488 $421,273 66 S29, 726 15,732 7,934 1 12 5 4 lo 32 6 ' 5 23,685 10,300 42,810 5,780 5,000 7 5 7 10,700 5,650 13,800 18 10 25 6 5 12,985 4,650 29,010 5,780 5,000 17 8 24 6 5 12,085 3,870 28,410 5,780 6,000 1 2 1 900 780 600 583 234 435 68 180 27 158 27 1,563 736 157 35 60 1,0.37 608 295 236 170 711 42 273 628 1,297 3,385 24 523 116 41 238 589 215 182 758 126 446 96 287 18 54 10 81 17 739 345 32 14 25 415 231 141 160 81 201 22 139 394 686 1,880 11 348 108 28 123 297 155 88 307 66 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 4 7 3 12 15 11 1 10 9 25 6 9 14 8 6 23 26 32 143 2 22 8 9 13 19 1 3 30 7 11 8 75 42 10 2 6,116 3,400 100, 432 30,340 6,524 1,500 11 7 62 31 7 2 6,116 1,400 65,232 18,980 4,224 1,500 11 6 49 27 7 2 6,116 1,200 56,632 18,210 4,224 1,500 1 13 11 3 2,000 35,200 11,360 2,300 1 13 4 200 8,600 770 13 14 15 16 26 22 16 31 5 57 1 10 24 81 92 24,415 13,494 14,145 25,745 2,600 63,891 1,800 11,284 22,957 64,724 95,705 8 4 2 8 7,635 3,600 2,400 9,750 18 18 14 23 5 44 16,780 9,894 11,745 15,995 2,600 36,636 15 16 14 18 5 35 15,272 9,420 11,745 13,790 2,600 32,513 3 2 1,508 474 6 2,205 18 19 20 21 13 1 4 13 27 11 27,256 1,800 6,700 13,132 26,831 28,526 9 4,122 6 11 54 81 4,584 9,825 37,893 67, 180 5 11 38 76 4,084 9,825 32,946 64, 300 1 500 22 07 ie 5 4,947 2,880 24 25 18 2 6 5 24 24 11 39 7 18,244 1,100 2,950 3,330 18,760 33,847 8,560 33,960 5,600 6 10, 320 12 2 3 5 21 21 7 21 4 7,924 1,100 1,550 3,330 16,460 28,247 4,860 16,420 3,100 12 2 3 4 21 20 7 20 4 7,924 1,100 1,550 2,930 16,460 28,007 4,860 15, 820 3,100 2 1,400 1 400 30 3 3 4 18 3 2,300 5,600 3,700 17,540 2,500 ?1 1 240 32 33 1 600 34 ?5 » Includes establishments distributed as follows: Florida, 1; Louisiana, 1; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 2; South Oarohna, 1. 288 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 5.— LiEATHER, TANNED, CURRIED, AND FINISHED— Continued. STATE OR TEKKITOKY. WAGE-EARNEKS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States Alabama 57,239 $27,049,152 64,517 $26,321,552 1,814 $525,031 908 $202,669 $12,498,501 $368,822 , $670, 441 ■> 261 1,515 169 2,836 533 2,77n 265 728 515 531 9,074 1,747 40 217 492 4,953 6,444 534 1,610 94 14,413 '\ 736 22 60 1,055 8 946 5,656 24 77,026 946,061 81,633 1,176,061 163,966 1,326,440 133, 701 326, 696 236, 987 217,679 4,556,327 865, 673 19,360 131,212 216, 101 2,793,327 2,485,162 149,258 839, 171 67,365 6,417,750 48,276 1,286 251,665 8,242 27,066 357,699 5,762 434,263 2, 686, 904 13,174 268 1,512 154 1,926 526 2,762 205 726 514 525 8,950 1,710 40 217 479 4,817 6,296 532 1,600 94 13, 328 81 4 736 22 60 1,022 8 946 5,386 22 76, 466 944,098 77,201 919, 137 153,060 1,324,164 133,701 326, 280 236,887 216,019 4,522,378 865,952 19,350 131,212 211,321 2,763,791 2,445,240 149,008 836, 810 67,365 6,133.957 46,268 1,286 251,665 8,242 27,066 353,751 5,752 434, 263 2,637,406 12, 466 3 2 6 99 7 6 560 478 920 30,889 896 1,676 79, 878 277, 474 44,739 291,267 41, 183 427,961 46, 656 266, 140 66, 473 66,919 1,942,733 449,649 3,016 75,530 100, 454 873, 542 980, 851 93,209 336,888 11,115 4,049,820 13,320 99 \ 140,511 1 1,269 1 26, 136 i 263,094 1,641 t 246,136 1 1,291,921 : 1,888 2,077 17,792 3,546 14,764 3,115 28,817 3,787 17,055 6,699 4,992 103, 966 55, 586 473 3,951 6,243 44, 526 36,574 9,527 26, 833 1,163 135, 771 1,046 4 8,428 89 367 14,349 235 16,688 102, 762 227 3 1 9 812 475 3,512 226,035 7,250 2,800 8,930 190 19,240 2,530 2,100 1,947 3,761 62, 430 80 560 1,440 1,900 42,384 41,812 4 Connecticut S fi Georgia.. . 7 Illinois 2 600 R Indiana t| 2 1 416 100 in Maine 11 6 76 4 1,560 25, 695 2,782 12 13 Massachusetts 48 33 8,254 6,939 14 15 Missouri Ifi 13 38 146 3,780 9,107 39,587 17 New Jersey - . . 98 2 2 9 20,429 335 250 2,006 IS New York Ifl ''n Ohio 1 356 2,745 9A Oregon r> 578 6 171,728 2,007 607 112,066 141,374 1,050 ?3 Rhode Island ■>A South Carolina M 1,036 300 ?fl OT Vermont 1 ?R Virginia 1 230 32 3,718 5,010 ?9 Washington an West Virginia 1 85 7,740 139 31 Wisconsin 119 2 36,860 718 51 12,638 [ 1 3? 1 Vronp ».— LIME— Continued. 1 United States Alabama. 11,162 $4,597,113 11,112 $4,592,917 7 $1,260 33 $2,936 $1,111,823 $62, 222 $96,750 ■' 503 140 356 33 136 21 119 14 1,034 645 94 23 28 663 335 220 160 128 493 26 212 503 899 2,366 15 416 116 29 178 418 171 120 644 95 143, 404 44, 102 173, 442 22, 384 69, 613 9,065 34, 470 6,712 532,747 190, 156 47,127 9,322 8,715 296, 687 100,201 110,382 73,810 76,211 221,329 19,694 70,679 232,081 380,699 892.307 10, 108 118,246 43,476 14,944 73, 147 147,810 86,879 51,997 255,882 29,485 490 139 355 33 135 21 116 14 1,034 542 94 23 28 663 335 220 160 127 493 26 211 503 899 2,364 16 416 116 29 178 404 170 120 544 95 141, 484 44,052 173,302 22,384 69, 613 9,065 34, 220 6,712 532,747 189,956 47, 127 9,322 8,715 296,687 100, 201 110,382 73,810 75,911 221.329 19,694 70,649 232,081 380, 699 891,581 10, 108 118, 246 43, 476 14,944 73, 147 147, 610 86,599 51,997 255, 882 29, 485 3 320 10 1 1,600 50 21,907 16, 266 36,863 4,925 8,614. 8,303 6,160 2,167 294,633 25,646 9,634 1,628 2,056 31,520 36,236 29,329 29, 592 8,276 64,336 2,323 26,783 56,562 96, 164 166,222 1,323 19,369 6,028 9,353 9,390 10,217 13,563 1,756 36,073 19,707 240 120 1,267 446 10,489 345 1,027 153 400 137 13,894 3,112 1,027 108 109 16,003 2,313 1,798 5,627 186 2,944 158 1,380 3,694 10,048 8,558 60 906 568 130 1,302 1,418 2,161 403 3,754 835 3 4 California Colorado Connecticut 1 140 h 180 fi 7 District of Columbia Georgia 1,950 600 8 3 250 9 Idaho 10 Illinois 1,550 410 11 Indiana 3 200 12 Iowa 13 Kansas 14 Kentucky 160 3,250 3,595 1,200 976 1,174 5,501 15 Maine ', 16 Maryland 17 18 Michigan 19 Minnesota 1 300 ?n Missouri 21 Montana W New Jersey 1 130 1,383 4,067 226 27,086 23 New York ?4 Ohio ■") 1 390 1 336 26 South Dakota ?7 Tennessee 402 240 976 1,500 1,722 ?^ Texas ?9 Utah .sn Vermont Virginia 31 14 200 32 33 Washington West Virginia 1 280 34 35 Wisconsin All other states 1,025 2.800 GENERAL TABLES. 289 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 5.— I-EAXHER, TANNED, CURRIED, AND FINISHED— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent of offices. interest, etc. $10,588,070 77,801 252, 432 38,393 258,823 37,878 379,904 39,338 246, 985 67,367 58,176 1,737,839 393, 504 1,983 70,139 92,311 646, 104 885, 679 83,632 264, 901 9,952 3, 139, 477 11,225 95 131,048 870 24, 769 233,735 1,406 229,363 1, 181, 419 1,622 Contract work. 1881,168 8,750 38,508 479 140, 528 16, 786 60 42,409 633,198 COST OF MATERIALS USED. Aggregate. 8191.179,073 006, 402 5,912,140 S42, (itiO 7,910,779 1,887,166 8, 173, 788 764,318 2,807,259 1,973,701 1,482,680 23,040,897 7,271,023 88,016 734, 478 1,326,376 15, 272, 124 16,274,903 2,038,036 4,462,093 366,757 55,411,927 228, 471 6,342 2,851,259 34, 986 277, 286 4, 719, 206 41, 108 4, 769, 123 19,870,887 32, 892 Principal materials. Total. $187, 634, 600 592, 560 6,826,848 526,612 7,748,125 1,836,592 8,040,619 752, 361 2, 766, 658 1,902,803 1,450,652 22, 558, 948 7,118,678 82, 338 721,171 1,297,387 15, 024, 977 15,836,262 1,983,560 4,383,892 362, 164 54, 585, 725 223, 505 6,229 2, 737, 667 34, 456 276, 636 4,641,715 39, 778 4,647,802 19, 506, 404 31, 486 Purchased in raw state. S158, 796, 687 463,087 5,370,726 400,843 6, 900, 331 1,615,445 7,442,679 676, 765 2,415,762 1,762,696 1,147,029 17, 466, 189 6,636,660 70, 318 621,104 652, 606 8, 197, 131 13, 905, 282 1,930,117 3,763,023 335, 436 47,563,414 194,373 5,036 2, 593, 634 31,330 263, 846 4,514,024 37, 160 4, 367, 006 17, 527, 437 27, 202 Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). 328, 738, 813 Fuel. $2,066,075 129, 473 456, 122 125, 769 847, 794 221,147 597, 940 75, 596 340, 796 140, 107 303,623 5,093,759 483,028 12, 020 100,067 744, 781 6, 827, 846 1, 930, 980 53,433 620,863 26, 728 7,022,311 29, 132 1,193 144,033 3,126 12,790 127, 691 2,618 280, 796 1,978,967 4,284 11,676 48, 525 9,387 66,926 18, 354 72,264 10,367 29, 464 22, 949 14, 686 326, 830 76, 264 4,940 11,989 11,941 159, 871 235,300 13,813 62, 426 4,170 522,739 3,026 108 15,292 516 200 15, 600 628 33, 101 252, 740 1,116 Rent of power and heat. $58, 610 9,184 1,948 900 1,000 4,400 16,348 2,150 135 10,846 7,163 Mill sup- plies. $281,613 1,146 1,157 1,100 24 416 6,135 830 11,889 1,091 9,666 1,350 2,746 4,597 1,032 51, 467 7,483 155 1,189 23,687 27, 852 4,365 5,708 323 80, 484 92 5 6,180 15 450 4,538 10 3,214 24,620 145 Freight. $1,248,275 1,750 22, 448 3,883 82, 939 30,119 46, 939 250 18,502 43, 298 16,411 88,304 66, 448 448 129 16,040 52, 744 168, 246 36,318 10,067 100 221,833 691 56, 341 792 85,006 86,023 122 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom worlc and repairing. $262,620,986 844, 403 8,072,257 748,038 10,250,842 2,382,127 10, 758, 196 1,050,946 3, 962, 277 2, 500, 146 1,911,348 33,362,999 9,340,349 132, 533 1,128,382 1,773,611 21,495,329 21,642,945 2,662,174 6, 612, 754 484, 673 69,427,852 346,647 10,822 3,683,871 61,225 342,312 5,829,812 58,061 6,061,509 25, 845, 123 57,424 Group 9.— LillTlE— Continued. 1919,038 $33,813 S5, 437, 150 $2,521,702 $776, 193 $1,745,609 $2, 519, 647 82, 1'69 $52,812 $340,820 $14, 751, 170 1 19,375 1,026 97,969 73,396 160, 950 28,380 147,997 26, 156 28,254 6, 100 412, 648 132,907 59,305 ! 6,586 ' 17, 260 601,764 106,309 201,606 140, 000 128,286 319,057 7,253 97, 138 216, 423 532, 479 764,352 10,505 121, 273 47, 147 12,766 135,060 235, 326 160, 497 38,622 327, 162 47,229 52, 944 46, 437 84,110 22,600 78,651 17,740 15, 766 700 106, 756 31,833 36,806 4,669 12, 460 386, 480 i 24,328 73, 563 . 89, 276 64, 984 109, 900 886 51,760 72, 872 286, 627 308,664 770 78,052 23, 271 3, 245 39,078 149, 392 115,241 3,037 107,140 23,076 8,000 44, 944 46, 437 56, 524 1,100 71,487 500 16,515 700, 80,866 30,833 21,764 2,300 10, 200 209,267 8,248 65,992 44,316 33,512 101,700 775 33,914 47, 647 203,827 250,783 320 54,817 21,461 295 24,018 82,850 96,714 2,698 66,639 12,676 42, 528 24,928 76, 065 5,780 69,346 7,200 11,794 3,400 132, 670 98,814 22, 163 1,912 3,200 210,583 78, 966 127,393 48, 447 45,611 169, 643 6,699 44, 746 137,405 215,142 379,925 6,955 41,386 22,876 9,511 96, 255 81,822 33,924 32, 985 209,696 22,077 2,476 30 115 22 2,000 660 327, 332 168, 142 672, 282 78, 180 296,389 49,645 94,020 29,385 1,660,202 462,931 143, 107 21,082 34, 560 1, 173, 500 397,849 400,537 330,096 289,075 791, 531 44,644 248, 170 629,697 1,333,812 2,514,748 29,416 325,976 134, 109 48,597 266,050 496,647 335,084 116,026 781, 406 127,054 9 ? 26,374 4,400 5,037 5,430 2,860 2,030 279, 189 21,124 8,507 1 520 27, 586 21, 500 7,164 17,240 250 4 5 2,660 770 2,400 6 200 15 570 200 6,357 2,260 156 6 10 1,201 1,550 650 1,210 425 . 6,466 22 41 597 11, 560 11,484 7 125 1,800 166,866 8 9 25, 900 1,000 14,052 2,369 2,250 177, 213 16, 080 7,571 44,960 31, 472 8,200 110 17,846 25,325 81,800 67, 881 > . 460 23, 236 1,820 2,950 15,660 66, 542 18, 527 339 40,501 10,400 10 1,000 11 1,180 12 13 1,797 11,917 28,678 24,112 22,989 6,915 54,575 2,165 24,020 47, 501 73, 268 126,838 1,263 17, 161 4,970 7,528 6,588 7,077 11,052 1,283 30, 494 15,311 1,600 3,500 1,465 14 350 650 2,219 1'; 16 17 300 767 17,266 33, 148 747 591 5,000 20,000 64, 164 2,780 1,250 18 19 1,316 90 21 22 i,366 12,632 3,740 549 150 115 23 24 25 26 900 250 720 686 1,000 97 98 99 127 1,137 332 100 1,420 712 30 2,975 1,000 2,500 8,051 1,364 31 360 70 800 761 39 33 855 34 35 MFG — FT 1 — 07- -19 290 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 2.— 1.INEN GOODS. (See also Cordage and twine; Cotton goods; Jnte and jute goods; and special report on Flax, liemp, and Jute.) Group 7 lilQCORS, D1STI1.L.E:D. 1 United States 805 $50,101,362 $3,563,392 $11,226,280 $11,445,529 $23,866,161 622 43,121 ? 19 14 28 11 12 43 11 18 188 27 6 34 26 18 61 23 5 85 6 50 98 5 4 13 104,967 65, 199 1,027,773 246,071 93,285 106,093 5,456,016 1,820,437 17,774,190 3,719,269 600,989 264,842 190,118 2,317,366 308, 089 3,851,073 32,024 8, 748, 480 104. 675 881,598 236, 662 141,215 821,157 1,199,774 19,075 880 58, 120 18,769 2, 240 12,017 327,906 81,315 1,327,229 336, 735 54, 547 6,755 14,610 243,697 9,743 162,305 1,866 676,208 6,225 63, 151 6,615 36,757 74,. 503 133, 125 21,800 8,400 163, 450 39, 298 21,255 26,946 1,073,765 395, 270 3,856,992 1,024,489 142,800 34,950 52,850 843,633 50,298 703,301 5,850 2,190,291 26,900 113,870 38,020 34,017 128,969 228,867 32, 266 16,825 426,650 61,626 13, 070 27,810 2,570,262 839,063 3,827,460 453,849 72,150 46,375 ■49,500 498, 486 83,463 530, 458 16,022 947,686 34, 100 86, 125 69,441 12, 755 238, 431 493.766 31,826 29,094 380,653 126,378 66, 720 39,321 1,484,083 604, 799 8, 762, 509 1,905,196 331, 492 176, 762 73, 158 731,550 164,586 2,466,009 9,287 6,0,34,295 37, 450 618,462 122, .586 67, 686 379,264 344,016 18 8 21 » 9 10 36 11 15 136 24 6 30 23 16 40 21 5 81 6 38 67 3 ,4 6 434 154 685 380 125 642 4,722 2,238 11,967 2,894 240 654 371 2,691 1,313 3,546 109 5,585 191 893 999 120 1,003 1,166 3 Arkansas 4 6 Connecticut 6 7 8 Illinois 9 10 Kentucky 11 1? 13 14 New Jersey 15 New York 16 North Carolina 17 Ohio .. T8 19 Pennsylvania 'n ■'1 Tennessee m Virginia... OS West Virginia n or, All other states 2 Group 7.— lilQUORS, MAIiT. United States. Alabama California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts Micliigan Minnesota Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming All other states ^ 4 5 14 116 41 19 20 9 21 37 86 76 50 23 16 6 5 37 209 \14 24 225 7 4 4 6 31 10 139 3 13 $515, 636, 792 1,279,853 10,925,283 4,701,892 3,956,344 1,383,671 3, 167. 439 1,574.460 459, 265 39,002,844 9, 073, 061 3,085,163 6,900,477 3, 106, 300 6,486,090 23,293,061 8,951,186 13,552,125 43, 620, 208 2, 174, 690 2,557,716 197, 143 2,247,221 30,335,609 106, 799, 438 34,969,977 2,138,942 68,883,965 4,770,646 929,522 2, 339,. 301 5, 150, 308 897,896 2,252,235 5,885,914 3, .556, 366 53,349,064 166, 747 1,616,401 $62,711,332 81, 105 1,465,903 627,844 400,214 63,925 456, 622 220. 601 67, 844 6,421,383 841,671 273,835 1,178,100 217.849 570,094 2,661,632 1,341,588 1,472,725 5,261,756 150, 808 172, 073 13, 680 94,000 2,361,757 12,775.503 4,964,139 267, 650 7,269,830 269, 669 27, 100 244,000 415,359 186, 432 164, 793 371,888 223,921 8,967,480 7,600 160, 169 $139,606,940 321,441 2,723,361 1,649,456 1,238.502 440, 862 964, 672 406,694 146,595 11,124,979 2,573,409 1,072,603 2,700,126 902, 687 2,474,328 8,326,654 3,068,003 3, 656, 305 12, 656, 139 719,970 1,117,839 80,800 985,000 7,952,179 24,584.144 10, 798, 982 4.53,700 20,786,142 1,080,709 322,963 720, 887 1,482,456 203,314 786, 662 1,392,590 1,041,085 8,191,306 48, 700 410, 796 $96,250,812 .503,076 2, 234, 127 832, 458 1,013,164 312,324 580, 702 .507, 956 116,946 8,544,996 2,495,502 606,094 ,S04, 766 669,900 1,440,909 3,684,951 2,165,071 1,753,305 4,553,664 581,500 388,121 86, 100 574, 744 4,881,871 19,830,668 7, 729, 379 363, 628 16,077,600 1,060,392 127,854 637, 707 1,227,223 190, 257 514, 635 1,188,346 792, 603 5,643,233 40,500 495,642 16, 503 593, 477 15,139,802 49,609,223 11,477,477 1,053,964 24, 760, 393 2,359,886 451,605 736, 707 2,025,270 318, 893 788, 145 2,933,090 1,498,757 30,547,035 70,047 449,794 10 136 3 2,757 18,995 112 11 2,233 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: New Hampshire, 1; New York, 1; Wisconsin, 2. ^Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 2; Florida,!: Louisiana, 2; Michigan, 1: Minnesota,!; Nebraska, 1- New Hamnshire 1- Orpe-nn 1- Khode Island, 1; Texas, 1; Washington, 1. 1 , . v^ioeuu, 1., GENERAL TABLES. 291 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190&— Continued. Gronp 2.— IjINEN OOODS. (Sec also Cordage and twine; Cotton goods; Jute and jute goods; and special report on Flax, Iiemp, and jute.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEEKS, ETC. "WAGE-EARNERS. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. ! General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. NuiiiIht. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 109 $164,831 17 S35. 263 Q9. S129, 568 85 S123, 430 7 S6,138 4,049 3,655 . 46 ■42 21 81,035 62,010 21,786 8 3 6 22,725 i 2,000 10,538 38 39 15 68,310 60,010 11,248 35 37 13 65, 172 58,010 10,248 3 2 2 3,138 2,000 1,000 1,913 1,911 225 1,743 1,738 174 i\ 45 3 18 157 21 41 29 13 62 21 10 111 5 60 102 4 2 11 39 351 87 12 15 3 36 197 1 149 5 15 1 7 11 Croup 7 IxHtUORS., DISTIL,I,E:D. 4.730 1.200 36,351 2,000 1,500 1,250 131, 446 89,745 364,036 151, 696 20,080 12,115 1,410 91,338 7,194 166,245 225 231,361 9,320 17, 120 200 6,303 13,6ii0 32,016 179 $407, 750 1,000 '8,'466' 42,016 13,500 126, 348 61,450 2,500 7,500 38,431 1,025 36,920 39, 110 3,600 6,900 4,800 14,250 901 11 12 3 28 7 180 1 123 3 10 1 7 7 18 $984,761 3,730 1,200 27,951 2,000 1,500 1,250 89, 430 76,245 237,688 90,246 17, 580 4,615 1,410 52,907 6,169 129, 326 226 192, 261 6,720 10, 220 200 6,303 8,830 17,766 6 1 30 2 1 2 50 34 258 65 10 10 2 26 7 95 1 115 3 10 1 7 7 17 $926,514 3,730 1,200 27, 471 2,000 1,600 1,260 86, 446 75,935 225,021 89, 154 17,080 3,650 1,110 61,683 6,169 96, 637 226 187, 674 6,720 10,220 200 6,303 8,830 17,406 $68, 247 2,984 310 12,667 1,092 600 965 300 1,224 32, 788 360 7,994 41 28 216 39 50 92 944 436 2,478 381 40 457 240 810 13 764 82 199 190 67 64 206 .39 2 22 3 95 4 31 5 23 6 82 7 492 8 2X5 9 967 10 210 11 31 12 79 13 66 14 373 15 173 16 6.50 17 13 IS 451 19 36 20 156 21 172 22 37 23 54 24 153 25 Group 7 lilQUORS, MA1.T. 91 52 21 153 1 1 106 1 9,055 41 214 60 107 25 39 37 8 777 295 96 207 66 163 329 266 258 624 59 66 49 477 1,828 717 29 1,059 66 17 50 112 28 59 90 634 6 32 .?17,315,707 63, 776 355,015 136,768 204,883 45,324 92,893 65, 440 11,325 1,409,060 439,809 161,380 264, 718 117,970 277,396 639, 274 390, 516 371, 470 1,206,802 132, 629 135,250 9,900 82,662 1,031,260 4,315,783 1,232,824 62, 193 2,252,779 116, 890 24, 084 93,800 230,764 44,180 81,782 164, 580 88,380 924,385 6,300 41,463 1,771 13 12 3 168 66 32 25 19 30 44 90 48 87 23 15 6 199 6 7 10 18 5 16 22 16 104 2 12 $6,704,266 22, 700 115,651 31,300 78, 390 22,760 52,265 35,300 4,320 615, 482 197, 527 68, 335 72, 365 64, 580 80,206 198,062 178, 304 111,226 600,190 69,675 65,900 4,800 9,261 344, 758 1,771,145 414,206 \ 7, 843 937,981 29,800 12, 320 36, 700 90,900 13,900 32,220 59,880 30, 400 299,973 3,600 20,043 34 164 609 229 64 182 36 133 285 176 210 537 36 61 4 45 411 1,469 577 24 860 60 10 40 94 23 44 68 53 530 3 20 $10, 611, 441 41, 076 239, 364 105, 468 126, 493 22, 664 40,628 30, 140 7,005 793, 678 242, 282 83, 045 192,353 63, 390 197, 191 441,212 212,212 260, 245 706, 612 62,964 69,350 6,100 73, 401 686, 502 2,644,6,38 818,618 54, 350 1,314,798 87,090 11,764 57, 100 139, 864 30, 280 49,562 104, 700 57,980 624, 412 2,700 21,420 7,086 33 160 48 78 16 26 25 5 686 226 62 172 36 133 277 167 202 618 44 404 1,447 664 24 53 507 3 19 $10, 492, 338 40, 476 235, 824 105, 468 124, 365 22,408 40,628 30,140 7,005 780,360 240,030 82,339 187,949 53,390 197, 191 436, 568 207, 162 255, 406 689, 548 62,954 67,770 5,100 73, 156 683, 438 2, 524, 094 813,021 54, 350 1, 302, 260 87,090 11,284 56, 380 136,264 28,900 48, 387 104, 700 57,980 616, 155 2,700 20, 520 198 24 $119,103 600 3,540 2,128 156 13,228 2,262 706 4.404 5,060 4,840 17,064 1,580 246 3,064 19,944 5,597 12,648 3,600 1,380 1,175 9,257 •'"966 54, 787 260 1.315 321 418 ■ 111 211 363 64 4,628 1,636 493 906 340 882 1,645 1,487 1,236 6,772 278 307 30 346 2,111 8,630 4,312 175 6,641 433 87 430 767 166 345 546 432 5,630 19 215 43,481 163 1,073 276 378 100 188 262 61 3,716 1,115 381 638 295 772 1,409 1,148 933 4,708 236 196 25 273 1,855 7,479 3,477 139 5,465 379 68 298 543 118 212 409 281 4,262 14 146 'Includes establishments distributed as lollows: Carolina, 1. Alaska, 1; Arizona, 1; Arkansas, 1; Florida, 1; Kansas, 2; Maine, 2; New Mexico, 2; Oklahoma, 2; South 292 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY = Group 2.— lilNEN GOODS— Continued. WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. . Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. « Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States 3,811 $1,324,621 1,260 t621,135 1,990 $682,392 561 $121,094 $403,401 S5,701 $43,673 1,806 1,827 178 630,637 631,193 62,891 662 527 71 313,438 271,226 36,471 938 954 u 98 269, 408 287,393 25,591 206 346 9 47,691 72,574 829 192,949 176,290 34,162 4,831 18,669 22,886 2,019 870 Group 7.— liIQUOKS, mSTIIiliED— Continued. United States Alabama Arkansas California Connecticut , Delaware Georgia Illinois Indiana Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Missouri New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oklahoma Peimsylvania South Carolina Tennessee Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin All other states 5,365 ; $2,657,025 26 11 76 27 16 337 1,428 i04 33 49 28 383 148 627 5 547 46 132 114 46 60 161 8,857 4,382 49,503 17,002 6,618 16,759 407,039 190,395 564,108 201,199 25,220 25,094 12,380 236,047 45,431 317,242 2,633 55,056 29,602 20,563 34,064 95,047 5,068 I $2,688,811 270 337 1,330 803 33 49 28 i>81 147 514 6 486 46 132 114 45 60 161 8,857 4,382 48,003 17,002 5,518 16,684 406,206 190,396 531,212 200,783 25,220 26,094 12,380 235, 63S 46,119 288,219 2,633 281,410 9,897 55,055 29,602 20,392 34,064 95,047 $63,760 1,500 75 834 22,682 416 409 312 29,023 8,328 $4,464 214 4,250 $95,524,151 111,934 59 884 559,598 88,866 11,712 16,874 46,849,760 16,982,014 3,990,344 477,240 860, 464 63, 208 65,661 7,389,785 466, 406 11,406,306 8,643 1,419,532 670, 127 97,881 237,852 30,088 1,0'46,411 3,616,582 $70,518 300 6,617 220 25 146 8,349 9,441 47 291 6,576 1,793 17,741 16,655 75 335 1.634 75 $292,264 954 188 3,798 892 1,470 1,994 21,456 11, 125 76,350 32,267 5,957 949 876 17,620 10,666 26,964 213 56,708 1,660 3,499 j 1,921 1,888 , 1,924 ' 11,025 Group 7 — l,IQVORS, JTLA1,T— Continued. United States. Alabama California... Colorado Connecticut . Delaware--. District of Columbia. Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts . Michigan.-. Minnesota- Missouri- -- Montana.-. Nebraska- . Nevada New Hampshire- New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania - . Rhode Island- - South Dakota. Tennessee Texas Utah - Virginia Washington., - West Virginia. W isconsin Wyoming. 39 1 All other states. 48,139 $34,542,897 207 1,205 300 1 394 , 104 210 319 61 4,033 1,313 427 747 318 820 1,625 1,271 1,035 5,668 250 266 24 295 1,958 7,977 3,771 151 6,864 406 70 367 626 134 272 476 331 4,872 15 168 89,983 1,144,645 242,978 314,964 79,215 173,007 140,914 64,267 3,004,443 794, 454 269,580 471,268 243,668 599,037 1,328,427 864,115 669,594 3,408,264 284,795 186,019 . 24,004 208,864 1,680,723 6,364,360 2,802,003 136,966 4,072,166 329,723 44, 195 162,440 412,426 92,557 160,808 500,573 227,164 2,860,297 11,422 98,590 203 1,199 298 394 104 210 319 56 3,953 1,246 411 718 301 817 1,525 1,231 1,006 6,280 260 262 24 295 1,953 7,961 3,763 151 5,851 402 70 343 620 132 260 476 318 4,423 15 167 $34,269,303 89,183 1,142,773 242,478 314,964 79,215 173,007 140,914 52,695 2,981,616 778,461 266,291 466,612 239,868 598,120 1,328,427 853,149 663,916 3,344,287 284,796 184,419 24,004 208,864 1,679,632 6,.368,256 2,800,435 136,965 4,068,506 328, 475 44,195 159,790 411,258 92,297 148,643 500,573 223,460 2,743,536 11,422 90,006 643 $171,060 1 62 24 16 1 4 2 343 '"2 800 432 18,388 6,856 4,289 156 1,000 800 10,121 5,679 27,862 600 182 5,158 1,668 2,566 1,248 468 81,8 510 4 '265' "ii' 13 100 $112,634 1,872 600 1,140 4,640 9,137 5,600 2,800 117 845 '36,"i65' '"i,'i66 2,050 700 260 2,022 3,704 34,878 1,626 $119,462,138 222,808 2,408,356 746,090 776, 480 317,265 469,699 349,899 104,329 11,298,574 2,462,211 826,801 1,335,738 766,731 1,796,023 4,038,547 2,695,727 2,230,775 10,131,226 523,192 594,062 32,265 782,800 7,944,522 27,649,528 7,863,774 249,820 13,764,388 706,655 119,484 724,468 1,617,642 220,060 462, 152 1,198,616 860, 181 11,156,704 13,428 211,439 $311,734 15,318 1,800 600 720 2,990 1,976 1,384 700 3,462 2,260 3,100 1,390 11,400 330 900 3,274 60,432 15,212 900 170,963 $3,211,392 4,420 1,624 180 6,240 """iio 9,085 56,201 34,687 27,254 6,724 15,084 12,862 4,843 196,793 69,567 18,699 40,663 39,180 36,353 162,751 91,432 86,730 321,404 18,125 20,563 1,682 34,890 118,228 683,794 272,659 13,447 469,129 19,047 4,724 23,311 40,677 8,697 9,523 34,843 23,647 280,561 1,097 14,536 GENERAL TABLES. 293 STATES AND TERRITORIES; lOO.V-Contiuued. Qroup 2.— lilNEN GOO OS -Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal iiiiiteiials. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purcliased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing " aU otlier materials"). Fuel. Kent of power and heat. 5352,605 SI, 522 .53,740,669 1,983,506 $3,672,479 1,87.1,993 1,508,992 187,494 S2, 827,114 $745,365 $76,916 $6,400 .?78,390 $7,484 $6,856,388 1 169,449 151,883 31,273 1,498,969 1,180,044 148,101 377,024 328,948 39,393 48,297 23,712 4,907 2,380 3,020 50,659 25,754 1,977 6,177 940 367 3,089,287 2,441,516 326,685 2 3 1,522 1,562,418 194,745 $95,141,686 110,980 59,396 547,833 87,743 10,217 14, 735 45,827,148 16,968,789 3,898,672 435,532 854,507 62,062 64,494 7,364,590 1 453,047 1,360,401 8,430 1,341,769 668,392 94,047 234,185 28,125 1,044,487 3,602,105 Group 7.— lilQUOKS, BISXI1^I^EI>— Continued. $19,118.3 1,350 150 200 '4^566" 112 ! 2,"i52' 39,901 13,461 374,5.5.8 4y,9ft5 13,799 68,524 6,406,376 2,997,818 4,777,530 1,398,890 316,014 60,891 32,231 1,372,439 160,097 3,410,207 4,982 2,287,723 118,. 394 255,953 84, 175 81,388 483,448 817,094 $23,967,573 34,614 10,699 .351,799 40,581 11,004 60,017 6,069,335 2,816,293 4,441,074 1,280,626 282,048 53,334 28,501 1,259,227 134,966 3,248,565 3,867 2,165,304 108,457 236,822 72,664 72,503 443,356 741,917 $15,545,714 24,323 8,015 199,065 37,926 8,829 21,495 4,384,758 2,132,311 2,938,945 928, 139- 112 37,379 25, 115 674,833 107,779 1,831,857 3.127 1,346; 364 87,948 180,692 49,795 60,763 257,265 198,879 $8,421,859 10,291 2,684 1,52,734 2,655 2,175 38,522 1,684,577 683,982 1.502,129 352, 487 281,936 15,955 3,386 584,394 27,187 1,416,708 740 818,940 20,509 66,130 22,869 11,740 186,091 543,038 $1,438,0 4,663 2,710 19,206 4,989 1,686 7,930 324, 474 147, 96S 265,147 110,844 14,350 6,727 3,180 105,507 18, 156 134,693 1,040 114,417 9,860 17,871 10,539 8,870 38,615 64,654 $100,795 230 6 234 52 3,273 1,080 109 177 11,067 12,584 35, 404 6,274 1,200 276 225 5,657 805 3,845 27 6,799 67 1,132 353 15 617 10,523 $117,085 390 50 3,309 1,000 , 400 1,500 20,973 35,580 1,146 18,416 554 325 2,048 5,542 22,104 48 2,203 20 128 489 "860 $131,269,886 198,396 106, 471 1,164,809 179,708 44,822 150, 123 54,101,805 20,520,261 11,204,649 2,566,786 1,299,298 205,831 152,587 9,192,819 768,635 15,976,523 19,990 4,902,349 8,55,760 567,947 431,010 139,712 1,636,081 4,883,514 Group 7.— LiIftlTOKS, MAI.T— Continued. $115,604,471 $334,541 $74,911,619 $66,111,989 $17,406,486 $48,705,503 $7,056,806 .598,715 51,030,209 $613,900 8298,358,732 1 213,723 2,336,837 709,603 748,626 311,541 454,515 330,437 98,616 11,044,890 2,385,669 806,718 1,190,979 717,551 1,757,218 3,881,612 2,599,695 2,102,575 9,791,421 505,067 573, 16i) 29,673 747,910 7,815,020 26,901,740 7,564,879 235,473 13,113,196 687,608 109,240 701,147 1,467,252 209,739 452,629 1,098,493 836,534 10,864,412 12,331 196,733 237,963 2,249,645 4.57,510 818, ,•(90 176,561 335,259 305,980 73,536 5,271,439 1,762,313 690,726 897,646 596,636 1,302,154 3,244,475 1,694,245 1,7.39,094 6,2.52,396 487,327 458,760 66,552 673,027 3,861,081 15,845,147 5,955,874 429,155 9,276,559 722,518 148,616 436,504 1,094,557 176,138 291,981 983,729 481,402 5,184,594 15,060 217,070 193,356 2,021,848 384,696 700,276 147,875 273,630 249,379 58,261 4,590,469 1,492,415 597,931 779,871 523,626 1,159,256 2,936,201 1,476,187 1,524,332 6,711,297 .392,414 396,657 61,677 . 614,687 3,483,881 14,189,294 5,186,668 369,474 8,205,493 615,190 124,028 385,715 893,056 153,086 236,110 868,199 416,070 4,553,712 12,276 133,396 26,142 988,318 139,037 105,754 26,833 44,007 85,775 14,647 1,081,693 442,698 273,670 219,303 128,966 488,949 705,718 321,333 660,084 1,367,235 95,995 106, 429 5,175 118,465 636,909 3,020,804 1,646,361 191,546 1,843,137 158,069 88,906 43,2.39 209,339 56,918 42,432 329,674 80,945 1,583,960 4.074 23.947 167,214 1,033,530 245, 659 594,522 121,042 229,623 163,604 43,614 3,508,776 1,049,717 324,261 660,568 394,660 670,307 2,230,483 1,154,854 864,248 4,344,062 296,419 290,228 56,502 496,222 2,846,972 11,168,490 3,540,307 177,928 6,362,356 457,121 35, 122 342,476 683,717 96,168 193,678 638,525 335, 125 2,969,752 8,202 109,449 37,486 165,634 52,666 84,352 20,202 51,283 49,430 11,569 547,456 202,845 74,693 107,215 65,808 113,632 268,724 180,636 183,082 456,357 63,459 46, 471 1,945 45,. 309 303,050 1,328,683 593,010 41,949 800,094 89,744 22,359 39,656 171,008 16,241 48,240 91,478 44,727 565.288 2,459 68,666 7,121 14,068 5,204 11,616 7,450 6,846 6,821 686 75,466 24,246 10,882 8,259 6,370 27,648 31,510 19,684 18, 750 75,260 3,861 3,796 80 8,387 67,940 215,353 113,756 7,603 128,198 14,032 2,008 4,959 30,128 561 6,510 7,739 10,655 37,083 325 10,348 758,815 7,510,958 2,120,187 2,926,656 759,774 1,167,057 1,283,894 302,797 23,787,036 6,196,395 2,386,266 3,673,678 2,286,714 4,967,063 11,080,944 6,999,251 6,177,528 24,154,264 1,731,691 1,663,788 161,788 2,254,578 17,446,447 61,958,142 21,620,794 1,118,192 34,863,823 2,739,676 387,630 1,832,309 4,153,938 636,688 1,200,828 4,471,777 2,145,503 •>. 20,585 150 27,510 14,794 22,146 984 3,500 3 4 5 50 6 7 6,600 150 53,901 5,000 350 2,640 7,179 648 1,140 8 380 50,869 42,159 6,180 2,301 1,832 1,618 2,737 15,868 8,770 9,026 18,991 11,736 80O 4,316 4,990 99,914 57,370 7,086 137,209 3,532 65 6,174 365 9 10 11 12 103,496 13 14 15 1,924 1,500 40,080 7,000 5,303 1,870 4,160 456 8,602 100 2,050 328 1,220 11,903 5,070 3,043 6,565 20 156 16 17 18 19 20 2i 22 23 8,000 3,562 11,024 24 25 26 27 11,100 28 29 5,520 3U 31 5,193 32 6,250 ,33 1,121 7,795 9,950 27,287 34 65,000 8,518 35 36 5,491 1,224 28,692,340 ' 37 53,842 I 38 135 4,525 685,781 39 1 294 MANUFACTURES. Table 5 SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 7.— lilQUOKS, VINOUS. STATE OR TERRITOKY. ■ Numher of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWEB. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Numher of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 435 J17, 775, 240 . $1,082,330 .52,969,181 $2,425,601 111,298,128 249 6,731 California 7, 273 6 4 3 6 13 59 4 47 3 7 12 10, 180, 793 29, 790 119, 800 11, 484 489, 419 316, 178 3,663,911 84, 600 2,179,786 28,000 131,082 670,497 370,225 5,590 27,600 1,100 34,000 21,900 290,507 50 199,275 18,500 38, 883 74,800 1, 643, 746 9,700 14,000 2,500 98,700 53,674 523, 145 160 444, 728 4,000 44,267 130,571 1,708,774 2,200 13,500 2,075 8,646 31,541 297,823 7,000 307,523 4,400 8,946 33,274 6,468,048 12,300 64,800 5,809 348, 173 209,063 2, 452, 436 47,300 1,228,260 1,100 38,987 431,862 167 1 3 2 1 5 34 2 29 5,080 8 40 14 34 105 673 20 677 3 4 Kansas 6 fi 7 New Jersey.. 8 9 10 Ohio 11 12 2 3 53 27 13 All other states i Group 6.- -lilTHOGKAPHING AND ENGKAVING. (See also Engraving, steel, including plate printing; Pliotolltliographing and pliotoengravlng; Printing and publishing; and special report on Printing and publisblng.) 1 United States 248 $25,537,781 $627,921 SI. 778, 962 $10,812,111 $12,318,787 197 10, 790 California 2 11 24 6 13 5 9 104 17 20 4 11 24 867,207 869, 262 679, 450 1,571,856 834,082 575, 852 12,976,667 3,234,177 1,499,636 126, 862 885, 224 1,428,616 10,000 9,000 20,000 30,000 6,000 2,000 290, 175 151, 146 67, 100 11,000 22,000 19, 600 66,000 39,000 53,661 171,229 52,000 452,628 410,875 216,903 618, 103 287,987 231,982 6,629,003 1,206,243 862, 487 66,912 266, 427 673, .561 339, 579 400,387 388, 886 752,524 488,095 341, 870 6,268,843 1, 527, 726 519, 271 16,950 541, 434 733,222 9 18 6 10 5 7 75 16 16 3 9 23 173 477 326 826 671 173 5,479 1,214 615 38 409 489 3 Illinois 4 5 Massachusetts 6 Michigan 7 8 New York 788, 636 349,062 70, 678 31,000 56, 363 102,333 q Ohio. 10 11 ^'> Wisconsin . 13 Group 3.— liOCOJnOXIVES. (See also Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam railroad companies; and special report on Cars, steam and street railroad.) United States 3 .138, 421, 048 $2, 764, 105 $6, 520, 703 $6,843,037 $22,293,203 41, 599 Group 4 L,OOKING-GL.ASS AND PICTURE FRAMES. (See also liumber, planing and blinds.) mill products. Including sash, doors. United States . California Colorado Connecticut District of Columbia Georgia Illinois Indiana Kansas Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Tennessee Washington Wisconsin All other states ^ 12 3 5 5 7 76 8 3 4 3 10 36 10 6 12 12 125 16 58 3 7 5 16 S7, 633, 863 104, 849 4,900 37, 756 27, 016 91,254 2,643,688 295, 114 6,956 54,600 24, 625 248, 769 226, 438 303, 635 18, 550 163, 768 61,960 1,509,071 1,057,417 529,267 5, 953 27, 300 20,200 180, 908 $390, 298 1,500 120,794 12,000 12,000 12,960 20,342 10, 700 6,500 54,600 116,402 11,900 2,000 1,000 7,600 8.341,467 700 300, 924 59, 872 8,000 9,000 19,600 70,324 21, 444 10,600 90, 771 177, 101 33,050 750 4,000 35, 431 $1, 102, 224 21,260 460 3,660 3,800 7,760 369,065 32, 658 698 10,400 2,426 27, 241 16,690 26,137 1,750 17, 399 5,500 280,265 182, 316 61, 033 385 3, 850 5,700 24, 132 $5,299,874 83,599 4,450 34, 106 23,216 81, 304 1, 862, 915 190, 684 6,358 24,100 22,200 212,518 178, 288 187, 832 16,800 104, 215 39,460 1,083,445 581,598 423, 284 5,568 20, 700 9,600 113, 745 137 5 83 6 109 31 105 6 132 3 1,014 747 309 ilncludes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 1; Arkansas,!; Indiana, 2; Iowa, 1; Michigan, 2 ; Minnesota V Mississioni 1- Tennessee 1- Virginia, 2. ' i^v • • , , 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 2; Connecticut, 2; District of Columbia, 2; Georgia, 1- Indiana 2- Iowa 2- KonqBij •>■ TfoTitiir-VTr •>■ Minnesota, 2; New Jersey, 2; Ehode Island, 1; South CaroUna,l; Utah, 1; Virginia, 2. ' ■■'""'«■■ ^' ^""sas, ^, ii.entueKy, 2, GENERAL TABLES. 295 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 7.— liItlllORS, VINOUS. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNERS. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. General superintendents, managers clerlis, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing tlie year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. ■ Salaries. Number. Salaries, Number. Salaries. 396 492 S572.905 98 $169,352 394 $403,553 365 $387,092 39 $16, 461 4,948 1,964 1 240 6 4 3 4 13 56 4 43 3 11 9 202 230,030 32 56,400 170 173, 630 167 166,900 13 ■ ii.730 3,469 13 84 3 81 95 761 37 279 14 17 105 1,221 9 28 3 63 53 317 16 161 14 16 74 2 3 4 5 9 li, 7t« - 3,300 7 3,460 6 3,060 1 400 19 8 143 5 70 41.960 (i,-650 IS-', 293 -1,200 76.552 5 4 20 24,100 3,300 35,612 14 4 123 5 43 17,860 3,350 146, 681 4,200 45,012 14 2 109 5 34 17,860 2,600 141,252 • 4,200 41,860 14 760 6,429 7 8 27 31,640 9 3,152 10 11 21 15 1.800 22.660 21 7 i,866 7,560 21 : 1,800 7 . 7.560 8 15,100 13 Gronp 6.— lilTHOGKAPHlNG AND ENGRAVING. (See also X:ngraviiig, steel. Including plate printing; Pliotolltliograpliing and pliotoeugraving; Printing and publishing; and special report on Printing and publlsbing.) 1,591 S2, 367, 615 $836, 309 16 12 9 11 21 3 IS 68 43 125 loS 7 50 126 82,492 99, 633 44, 670 156,763 81,248 70,902 1,246,741 227,137 114,520 ' 9,510 86,900 148.099 11 23 2 7 I 11 I 15 110 23 4 1 25 28 35,840 62, 490 4,600 26,993 31,890 43,061 441,092 58, 335 17.000 3,000 64, 720 46,788 1,331 56 45 41 US 42 33 656 135 76 6 26 SI, 532, 306 ! 46, 652 37, 143 40, 170 130, 770 49, 358 27,841 806, 649 168, 802 96, 920 6,610 21,180 101,311 1,066 1 42 34 29 82 31 19 533 117 66 6 17 79 81,377,900 37,870 31,068 35,239 i 111,320 j 44,280 20,421 733,313 ! 155,128 92,460 ' 6,610 ,. 17,840 92,451 1 14 11 12 36 11 14 123 18 $154, 406 8,782 6,075 4,931 19, 450 6,078 7,420 72, 336 13,674 4,460 3, 340 8,860 14, 166 523 704 373 948 416 369 7,099 1,482 788 62 573 849 10, 508 433 645 321 833 166 340 4.943 1.161 724 10 37 11 371 12 634 I 13 Group 3. — LOCOinOTlVES. (See also Cars and general sliop construction and repairs by steam railroad companies; and special report on Cars, steam and street railroad.) 1,164 $1,675,289 8227,734 1,137 $1, 447, 656 $8, 492 33,329 18, 997 Group 4.~I.OOKING-GLiASS AND PICTURE FRAITIES. (See also Lumber, planing mill products, including and blinds.) sash, doors. 467 984 $964,691 136 $287, 484 848 $667, 107 620 $669,273 228 $107, 834 8,408 5,064 1 9 1 6 4 12 66 6 3 3 2 16 41 11 6 14 14 136 13 75 3 6 7 13 15 4 4 5 6 483 30 11,227 2,500 4,200 5,640 4,020 455,320 18,320 2 2,592 13 4 4 5 6 ! 421 27 8,635 2,500 4,200 5,640 4,020 331,833 13,920 10 4 3 4 5 288 16 7,175 2,500 3,600 6,240 3,930 264,324 8,846 3 1,460 142 12 21 30 58 2,854 210 12 406 22 304 246 465 46 122 70 1,803 849 498 10 24 23 192 121 7 11 25 39 1,646 168 3 70 22 212 165 143 26 94 48 1,198 594 366 8 17 18 153 2 3 1 1 1 133 11 600 400 90 67,509 5,074 4 5 6 62 3 123, 487 4,400 7 8 9 9 3 15 19 31 1 12 1 175 77 ■ 59 2 7,079 1,100 17,282 20,746 29, 652 1,450 14,695 416 198,809 86,944 52,660 1,320 1 2. 125 8 3 12 16 29 1 9 1 133 68 59 1 4,964 1,100 8,782 9,846 27,732 1,450 8,996 416 105,389 60,284 52,660 720 4 1 8 12 24 1 6 3,666 600 7,200 7,438 25,872 1,4.50 7,640 4 2 4 4 6 1,288 500 1,582 2,408 1,860 10 11 3 3 2 8,500 10, 900 1,920 12 13 14 15 3 6,700 3 1 19 10 12 1,465 416 8,816 4,158 6,118 16 17 42 9 93,420 26,660 114 .58 47 1 90,573 66, 126 47,542 720 18 19 20 1 600 21 22 2 31 1,466 19,755 2 26 i,456 12,675 i5 1,456 7,475 23 6 7,180 14 5,100 24 ^Includes establisliments distributed as follows: Alabama, 1; Iowa, 1; New Hampsliire, 1; New Jersey, 2; New York, 2; Ohio, 2; Pennsylvania, 4; Rhode and, 1; Virginia, 1. ' Includes establishments c Virginia, 2; West Virginia, 2. ' Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 1; Iowa,2; Nebraslca,2: North Carolina, 1; Oregon,!; Rhode Island, 2; South Carolina, 1; Texas, 2; 296 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 7.— lilQUOKS, VINOUS— Continued. STATE OR TEEKITOEY. WAGE-EAENERS AND -WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. i Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States 1,913 $1,001,664 1,816 »978,886 87 121,280 10 SI, 388 «1, 691, 491 »96,744 889,661 •>, 1,146 6 16 1 63 31 390 20 170 3 10 69 666,612 1,437 3,851 365 31,872 18,218 175,687 5,000 87,769 1,780 4,670 16,393 1,114 3 8 1 60 24. 359 20 164 3 647,2''5 1,124 3,031 36,'' 31,277 17,028 167,767 5,000 86,817 31 2 3 8,025 313 520 1 312 771,061 1,005 12,741 892 43,059 25,046 480,804 13,243 222,573 333 3,382 17,353 71,610 240 64,886 239 372 42 1,515 653 8,777 501 9,814 224 473 2,166 s Illinois 4 300 5 Massachusetts. . 460 6,000 3,644 8,140 3,600 2,505 fi 3 4 31 595 725 7,920 7 3 465 8 New York.. t| in 6 1,952 11 1' 9 ' 4,425 51 13.997 1 6 145 1,085 60 695 1^ All other states . 2 3ii Group 6 lilTHOGRAPHIING AND ENGKAVING-Continued. United States California Illinois Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Missouri ' New York Ohio Pennsylvania Washington Wisconsin All other states 12,614 478 329 894 6,163 1,334 763 45 494 780 319,082 ,513,351 200,639 687,678 219,072 203,729 4,038,609 899,299 446,309 27,800 278,624 464,584 10,375 382 564 287 678 279 250 5,123 1,191 684 36 875 636 $7,585,484 287,299 488,299 192,339 526,311 197,391 177,531 3,746,836 862,790 398,265 24,804 255,880 428,740 92 78 30 196 978 141 126 9 67 120 ,263 30,388 24,284 6,948 56,526 21,681 24,014 274,623 36,209 41,605 2,996 14,670 32,319 232 $46,929 1,395 768 1,362 6,741 2,184 17,151 300 8,074 3,525 S3, 348, 560 89,335 168,791 58,348 238, 166 72,637 112,967 1,806,892 371,666 113,614 6,689 121,007 189,459 22,756 31,124 11,190 8,616 10,761 15, 464 330,038 21,431 33,324 840 18,769 26,393 2,283 2,300 1,464 7,292 5,041 1,310 44, 463 13,443 2,273 1,134 3,480 6,139 Group 3.— I-OCOMOTIVES— Continued. United States. 24,806 S16, 798, 432 24,719 $15,782,! 87 .$15,447 $2,416,363 S161,864 Group 4.— L.OOK1NG-GL.ASS AND PICTURE FRAMES— Continued. United States. California Colorado Connecticut District of Columbia Georgia Illinois Indiana Kansas Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Tennessee Washington Wisconsin All other states $3,314,735 91,420 4,760 7,314 13,735 17,452 1,178,301 98,728 1,418 27,070 9,098 99, 417 109,632 117,929 14,682 49, 137 26,776 809,320 334.829 198,463 4,107 14,240 10,026 76.-891 6,960 123 9 10 26 43 1,911 174 3 77 13 252 185 249 30 86 57 1,426 717 373 19 18 142 S3, 106, 297 90,669 4,7.50 6,864 13,135 16,324 ,064,021 93,328 1,050 24,890 7,274 106,366 98, 430 14,282 46, 366 26,891 785,824 323,833 186, 150 4,107 14,240 9,818 70,027 1 3 202 17 2 6 S166,309 521 350 928 89,057 4,932 368 1,373 1,720 640 2,716 16,826 400 1,112 200 20,440 10,776 9,650 4,301 4 1 2 112 2 $42, 129 240 460 260 200 25,223 468 108 660 2,673 1,660 686 3,056 221 2,663 208 :,563 $1,972,163 21,213 2,222 6,158 6,622 8,687 1,011,360 36,554 791 6,465 3,628 36,061 61,414 40,714 6,292 19,680 8,468 364,881 177,939 94,305 2,575 4,425 1,924 43,885 $376,955 9,600 1,500 3,580 3,520 4,312 121,778 3,018 578 396 1,480 11,144 24,249 4,040 2,920 6,400 5,850 116,278 8,132 38,001 1,668 2,420 1,220 4,871 335,286 612 62 104 o94 289 10, 736 1,936 22 114 73 1,140 2,601 3,445 105 534 373 4,234 6,213 662 40 190 267 1,1.50 GENERAL TABLES. 297 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. (liroiip 7.— LIQUORS, VINOUS— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. -Vggrcgate. P rincipal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. 1 rurchased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). $1,378,528 ; $26,3H8 S5, 693, 394 55.529,686 $4,038,207 51,491,479 577,544 811,058 S8, 127 566,979 111,097,853 1 607,997 ! 26,568 3.6«9,:M4 526 1 6,284 3,672,219 6,2,54 11,761 1,437 72, 300 30,625 907, 187 37,830 669,918 755 35,109 184,291 3,070,585 4,931 9,270 407 23,900 21,783 387, 493 1 18, 500 386,279 250 28,776 .86,033 501,634 1,323 2,491 1,030 48, 400 8,842 519, 694 19, 330 283,639 506 6,333 98, 258 .52,853 29 74 61 650 401 9,626 290 12,126 10 118 1,407 8,849 6,648 1 4 5 25 45 835 15 444 4 10 91 28,775 6,688,620 16,005 51,650 4,600 210.981 91,873 2,248,837 65,210 1,335,050 4,000 88,796 293, 331 2 3 12,369 12,273 1,503 434 4 6 400 35,544 72,975 32.561 926. 654 39,310 691, 324 769 35, 462 204,935 ^ 20, 748 1,490 7,677 975 8,692 463, SS7 1,430 200 144 8 9 10 9,242 210.254 109 2,849 14,603 75 360 150 18,786 12 13 $2,402,556 63, 591 123, 892 25,152 201,894 56,845 93,913 1, 196, 360 336,792 74,517 4,216 98,768 126,617 Group 6 — lilXHOGRAPHING AND ENGRAVING— Continued. $325,806 ' 705 11, 475 20,542 20,453 2,280 235,041 3,500 500 31,310 361, 278 483, 932 231, 483 574, 297 220,417 263, 614 4,040,918 902,603 521,977 21, 798 274, 700 462,906 $8,045,526 344, 680 463, 649 221,264 561,588 210, 683 256, 391 3, 898, 705 884, 323 505, 017 19, 762 261,784 427,690 88,045,526 344, 680 463, 649 221,264 551,588 210,683 256, 391 3, 898, 705 884, 323 505,017 19, 752 261,784 427,690 Group 3.— liOCOMOTlVES— Continued. $2,262,720 $27, 702, 930 $26,197,608 $26,197,608 $1,305,473 S57, 372 $142, 477 $59,552,092 Group 4 LOOKING-GLASS AND PICTURE FRAMES— Continued. $1,616,401 $43. 521 $4,975,121 11,001 670 2,174 2,608 4,086 876,836 ' 31,300 : 191 5,955 2,075 23, 777 32, 754 39,229 2,667 12, 146 2,246 206,769 163, 594 65,642 867 1,815 437 37,664 2,011 300 ■ 600 600 300 70,361 10, 325 25,594 29,539 36, 192 1,932,391 97. 694 2,480 34,109 16, 240 194, 450 294, 474 179,873 39, 708 74, 416 68,689 945, 880 .320, 707 428, 078 7,766 22. 695 35,742 107, 738 .54,827,287 67, 145 8,670 25,287 28,800 35,715 1,892,710 95,354 2,403 . 32, 440 15,866 182,516 287,523 175, 176 38,307 72, 721 67,160 917,079 301,031 418, 225 7,365 21,615 34,636 99,644 $1,686 1,560 $4, 825, 702 67, 145 7,120 25, 287 28, 800 35,715 1,892,710 95,354 2,403 32, 440 16, 866 182, 616 28"', 523 175, 176 38,307 72, 721 67, 160 917,079 301,031 418, 190 7,365 21,615 34,535 99,644 $59, 188 83 65 113 165 18, 849 925 60 788 102 1,987 1,341 3,253 128 1,077 659 12, ,521 11,253 4,231 130 180 1,208 $29, 345 25 174 206 14, 572 300 12 305 248 96 100 7, 692 332 1.911 $17,978 200 174 61 140 250 100 191 3,061 510 5 81 3,112 510 727 372 20 4,291 2.691 634 8 1,275 $41, 323 2,150 1,350 169 300 3,199 606 6,400 3,703 412 1,025 160 7.50 4.297 5,400 3,077 391 750 845 5,550 $13,269, 224, 980 23, 025 53, 227 73, 450 110,005 6, 192, 187 282, 363 9,343 82,096 36, 700 406,886 698, 848 538, 744 77,577 187,386 147,373 2,772,829 1,087,544 938, 369 19,904 52, 400 72,036 283, 374 298 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 4.— L.limBE:R AND TIITIBER PRODUCTS. (See also Iiumber, planing mill products, including' sasli, doors, and blinds; and special report on liiimber. ) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 STATE OE TEERITOEY. United States. Alabama. . Alaska...'.. Arizona.. . Aricansas.. California.. Colorado Connecticut . Delaware Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory. Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky. Louisiana. Maine Maryland.. Massactiusetts. Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire. New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina. Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania.. - Rhode Island... South Carolina. South Dakota . . Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington. West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming All other states i. Number of estab- lish- ments. 19, 127 590 6 5 852 87 114 75 198 793 95 269 41 774 49 4 854 421 752 203 296 766 222 618 374 386 114 23 820 1,212 829 402 1,212 18 1,032 299 41 418 804 1,004 633 576 28 4 $517,224,128 12,625,688 205, 238 1,428,339 27,034,661 25,709,302 1, 445, 132 839,567 242, 175 11,556,330 lO; 717, 658 3,131,991 6,016,586 183,794 9,179,298 7,784,079 8,135 11,799,697 37, 385, 028 15,083,395 1,735,837 3,283,773 38,507,207 28,963,864 23,439,225 8,021,437 4, 605, 052 25,314 6,079,442 825, 375 1,886,257 12,599,876 10,068,368 11,279,760 11,038,323 22,677,322 156, 141 7, 237, 725 163,902 16,638,882 18,426,242 87,426 5,409,750 9,839,646 40,963,816 12, 442, 475 37,677,205 312, 396 476, 038 Land. 821,867,353 650, 356 11,800 11,100 652, 636 994,428 21,985 43, 480 8,195 441,768 237, 689 106, 662 269,343 2,441 470, 141 396,027 460 477,637 1,146,114 1,146,040 39, 641 346, 322 2,096,397 766, 446 626,744 484, 536 225,785 3,500 265, 560 114,790 64,516 806,113 369,678 688, 936 945,909 556, 173 4,225 137,930 4,260 758,112 1,088,166 6,730 362, 383 236, 342 2,648,618 235, 300 1,115,324 9,048 Buildings. 349,731,664 1,526,629 38,000 283, 301 2, 776, 249 2,894,775 95, 688 69, 450 12,655 1,229,832 984, 205 602,339 810,271 16, 300 662, 266 322,996 775 845,204 4,641,375 2,118,897 162, 387 380, 687 2, 366, 092 1,681,675 3, 267, 725 644,541 645,641 2,650 514, 493 101,800 304, 657 1,217,469 1,013,850 687,790 1,261,582 1,609,604 2,960 782, 348 12, 100 962,029 2.545,867 5,180 688,060 757,907 5,018,163 756, 697 2,600,108 16,617 22,000 Machinery', tools, and implements. $164,261,218 6,268,760 67,220 450, 634 d, 718, 195 9,487,092 597,063 237,605 128, 375 6, 367, 749 6,374,714 1,077,406 1,234,469 92, 060 1,828,838 777,359 3,300 2,860,830 13,419,337 3, 396, 435 726,900 640, 989 8,089,689 4, 710, 042 10,043.552 2,464,979 1,082,145 14, 100 1,768,366 264,610 714,666 2,843,337 5,136,720 2,050,062 4,419,087 6,606,909 41,170 3,451,012 74,770 3, 730, 663 7, 297, 031 47,396 1,536,922 4,433,863 17,054,8.34 4,041,266 7,321,135 52,073 218, 600 Cash and sun- dries. $281,363,893 4,280,043 88,218 683, 304 13,987,572 12,333,007 730, 396 499,032 92,950 4,516,981 3,121,150 1,446,594 3, 702, 503 72,993 6,218,064 6,287,698 3,610 7, 616, 026 18,178,202 8, 423, 023 817,909 1,916,775 25,955,029 21,895,691 9,511,204 4,427,381 2,651,481 5,164 3,641,023 344,175 812,419 7,732,957 3, 548, 110 7,852,962 4,411,745 13,906,636 107,796 2,-866, 435 72, 782 11,188,078 7, 495, 179 28, 120 2,832,385 4,411,534 16,232,301 7,410,222 26, 640, 638 235,658 231,738 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 18,203 5 836 288 86 102 74 178 695 91 265 821 387 716 201 283 692 192 610 365 38 4 336 111 23 796 1,196 820 353 1,167 20 432 18 1,007 294 41 417 790 816 624 549 24 3 Total horse- power. 1,504,693 50,991 335 2,223 73, 126 51, 381 6,436 3,829 2,274 31,771 44, 323 9,607 16, 776 1,877 38,868 8,956 216 36, 695 80, 518 69,300 8,492 15, 283 96, 821 49, 176 64, 715 23,342 7,285 210 24,067 4,441 2,997 49,891 57,839 42,226 38, 448 60,425 831 27, 671 636 49,079 40,974 1,056 33, 176 36, 143 I 123,817 31,246 84,685 616 626 J Includes establishments distributed as follows: Nevada, 2; Oklahoma, 2. GENERAL TABLES. 299 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Oroup 4. -LUMBEK AND TIMBER PRODUCTS. (See also Lumber, planing mill products, Including sasli, doors, and blinds; and special report on liuniber.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. 24,054 767 5 5 1,015 294 146 93 214 1,049 110 329 56 1,028 58 5 1,103 378 396 953 247 42 4 500 131 23 1,036 1,667 1,093 518 1,607 26 556 16 1,489 350 72 523 1,096 985 593 35 1 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Aggregate. Officers of eoiporations. Number. 18, 485 651 4 24 .193 610 65 34 1 548 603 209 443 105 517 .1, 730 500 39 42 1,051 774 1.096 447 134 1 82 290 562 420 335 692 1 301 8 611 936 6 79 375 1,167 477 1,208 24 Salaries. Numbe S19, 873, 092 686,013 8,000 62, 340 1.249,865 802, 820 52,720 27, 378 468 696, 524 576, 816 107,526 207,266 6,840 398, 704 132, 838 489,312 2,091.979 .369,242 43, 392 69, 373 1, 146, 545 948, 231 1, 185, 616 450, 845 187, 627 978 80, 660 4,248 92,819 298, 591 498,013 349, 689 400. 186 684, 194 1,200 281,164 6,320 601,557 1,056,589 1,470 63, 924 345,776 1,430,762 462, 180 1,386,015 27,900 13,580 4 107 90 101 94 74 247 67 3 6 170 91 76 72 108 53 62 37 5 42 187 67 164 4 1 Salaries. S4, 685, 150 236, 410 25,000 174, 636 190, 300 8, 800 181,874 167,804 17,790 69, 917 110, 752 55, 900 119, 125 512,277 86, 570 6,800 39, 600 339, 882 241,070 179, 445 138, 240 20, 726 "i7,"836 26, 400 96,020 149, 672 74, 476 112, 680 70, 615 75,017 1,000 152, 262 143, 640 11,200 82, 366 321, 163 115, 795 321,092 9,600 2,50p Total General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Men. 16, 008 509 4 20 66 34 1 447 509 79 176 9 364 81 443 1,483 443 38 37 881 683 1,021 376 126 1 72 8 63 242 454 367 273 565 1 263 7 524 6 74 333 410 1,044 20 7 Salaries. $15, 187, 942 449, 603 8,000 27,340 1,075,229 612, 520 43, 920 27, 378 468 414,660 419,011 89, 735 147,349 5,840 287,962 76, 938 370, 187 1,679,702 282, 672 36, 592 29, 873 805, 663 707, 161 1,006,171 312, 605 166,902 978 62,824 4,248 66, 419 203,571 348, 341 276,214 287, 605 613, 579 1,200 206, 147 6,320 449, 295 912, 949 1,470 62, 724 263, 410 1, 109, 599 346, 385 1, 063, 923 18, 300 11,080 Number. 15, 259 489 4 19 1,062 502 47 28 1 438 497 78 156 420 1,435 424 36 32 816 664 994 350 121 1 68 7 60 228 444 • 319 253 515 1 258 6 317 937 389 977 20 Salaries. S14,800,217 440, 733 8,000 26, 340 ,062,639 601,936 42,040 25,004 468 410,814 414, 625 89, 136 139, 496 6,780 263,920 73, 461 368, 790 l,6Sl,825 273, 184 36, 692 26, 986 773, 746 694, 726 990, 681 297, 124 163, 468 978 60,456 3,936 64, 319 198, 235 342, 589 256, 007 272,926 493,700 1,200 204, 162 4,620 433,956 911,829 1,470 49,002 256, 850 1,084,409 337,677 1,021,807 18, 300 10, 600 Women. Number. 749 20 Salk: $387, 726 8,870 1,000 12, 690 10, 585 1,880 2,374 3,836 4,386 600 7,863 60 24, 032 3,477 11,397 27, 877 2,887 31,917 12, 436 16, 590 15, 481 3,444 2,368 312 2,100 5,336 6,752 19, 207 14, 580 19,879 1,996 700 15, 340 1,120 3,722 6,560 25, 190 "WAGE-EARNERS. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 640, 369 22, 326 131 5''6 34, 280 21,322 1,832 1,464 792 13, 669 21,610 2,802 6,877 533 10,788 3,132 22 17, 685 34, 615 25, 946 3,336 3,465 46, 838 31, 166 28, 303 12, 563 3,616 43 8,036 1,419 1,813 16,974 24, 601 10,882 11,447 24,744 268 13, 371 368 23,758 18, 951 297 8,219 18, 627 41,115 16, 700 60,465 569 • 157 Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the ^ year. 367, 276 14, 257 52 466 20,776 10, 912 1,035 941 462 8,917 15,022 1,726 4,090 430 6,783 1,052 10, 435 22, 355 12, 622 2,294 1,868 19,411 9,651 21,842 7,809 849 14 4,102 825 6,963 15,230 6,462 6,834 16,725 169 9,505 195 16, 382 13,048 194 3,963 12,605 26, 307 10,788 20, 889 160 91 300 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 4.— I^UMBEK AlVU XimBEK PRODUCTS— Continued. WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. STATE OE TEEEITOEY. United States. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 46 46 47 48 49 Alabama. - Alaslca Arizona. -- Arkansas. . California. Colorado Connecticut . Delaware. . . Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory. Indiana. Iowa Kansas Kentucky . Louisiana. Maine Maryland . Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire. New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina. Ohio... Oregon Pennsylvania. . . Rhode Island. .. South Carolina . South Dakota. . Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington. Average number. 404.626 14,682 63 520 22,298 13,181 1,058 1,069 322 10,408 15,364 1,363 4,495 312 6,892 1,935 11 9,718 26,353 12,028 1,979 1,942 27,460 17,213 21,233 9,091 2,180 11 4,594 900 1,134 14,491 6,442 7,284 16,674 9,656 164 14,900 13,332 4,216 12,190 28,023 West Virginia 10, 460 Wisconsin 28, 118 Wyoming ; 297 All other states | 97 Wages. $183,021,519 5,062,139 71,870 3C^ 767 9,661,8i: 8,643,637 623,365 493,031 102,410 3,747,572 4,971,300 813,080 1,904,669 148,017 2,858,410 946,865 4,306 3,810,917 12,129,065 5,429,798 860, 132 961,368 13,057,977 8,051,071 8,780,355 3,637,402 1,479,255 5,381 2,017,131 387,960 535,983 3,649,389 4,399,878 2,878,770 4,617,826 7,959,875 95,763 2,578,320 97,096 5,499,923 5,879,744 47,347 1,809,503 3,943,642 18,613,318 4,794,108 13,857,446 145,313 63,182 Men 16 years and over. Average number. 401,209 14,248 62 519 22,063 13,111 1,046 1,069 322 10,329 15,220 1,366 4,474 312 6,845 1,873 11 9,622 26, 125 11,989 1,949 1,927 27,252 17,192 21,037 8,866 2,179 11 4,570 899 1,117 8,161 14,346 6,422 7,248 16,518 198 9,599 164 14,608 13,299 84 4,196 12,033 27,965 10,420 27,960 296 97 $182,318,197 4,980,445 71,470 394,367 9,513,737 8,618,684 618,541 493,031 102,410 3,734,270 4,948,016 810,986 1,900,186 148,017 2,S47,859 933,573 4,306 3,793,579 12,081,590 5,421,595 856, 171 967,730 13,011,743 8,646,587 8,735,977 3,592,104 1,479,106 5,381 2,011,281 387,648 533,540 3,643,230 4,379,709 2,874,571 4,606,841 7,917,726 95,763 2,571,962 97,096 5,452,328 5,873,733 45,856 1,803,744 3,916,154 18,692,806 4,786,209 13,819,255 146,103 63,182 Women 16 years and over. Average number. 115 3 Wages. $236,995 52,962 1,420 11,750 4,514 6,200 1,844 640 3,636 2,580 1,446 400 6,154 1,000 3,023 15,896 490 11,891 15,391 160 "6,'6i6' 6,350 1,835 1,968 6,622 20,740 22,869 432 16,298 1,380 8,437 210 Children under 16 years. Average number. 2,506 216 1 1 230 48 60 144 226 12 23 4 136 18 154 165 1 1 17 6 132 12 17 177 30 2 5 157 17 32 126 Wages. $466,327 28,732 400 400 46,686 13,203 310 8,102 23,284 260 3,843 6,915 10,712 15,892 47,075 2,049 2,961 615 30,339 3,994 32,487 29,907 240 312 2,443 18,334 2,241 6,363 21,409 5,388 24,726 5,579 496 856 27,488 6,214 6,519 29,754 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. 2,588,920 8,573 120, 177 5,040,775 2, 617,. 329 275,837 236,070 57,171 1,641,874 2,059,604 683,872 643,776 84,402 971,310 1,063,699 .1,966 1,797,672 6,401,242 2,538,186 2,50, 164 459,532 ,5,657,963 6,333,469 3,644,663 2,007,299 505,016 2,320 1,274,886 135,070 221,133 1,454,697 2,379,742 1,612,773 1,209,294 5,749,729 83,091 791,396 61,741 2,466,319 2,461,832 7,709 774,931 1,631,468 5,439,304 2,492,212 6,125,145 151,148 19,801 $83,136,280 Rent of works. $447,902 18,722 1,264 18, 196 5,186 2,031 400 407 6,880 11,956 621 7,362 50 22,031 260 35 9,964 20,092 32,482 639 10,010 18,222 13,276 4,022 8,709 495 26 6,085 1,291 200 49,893 19,949 19,161 11,110 10,797 2,066 65 18,420 8,068 1,119 5,370 10,382 35,259 22,078 13,167 96 Taxes, not including internal revenue. $5,008,238 93,687 349 7,764 247,986 229,452 12,829 3,856 893 92,292 80,560 73,181 27,396 850 71,621 37,592 166 56,519 294,398 106, 166 8,910 27,776 744,039 479,647 200,068 55,403 43,696 210 57,996 6,951 24,829 69,916 67,810 60,343 93,418 165,137 977 34,093 1,230 64,168 86,975 551 38,367 51,696 334,002 70,970 789,999 2,149 2,676 GENERAL TABLES. 301 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 4.— liXJITIBKR AND XIITIBER PRODUCTS— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent ol OfflCBS, interest, etc. S42, 723, 202 1,665,835 6,970 51,396 2,628,387 1,649,366 199, 174 121,632 25,641 1,015,617 1,630,685 258,288 446, 824 35,302 632, 669 300,781 1,775 864, 668 3,692,991 1, 145, 527 129, 126 294,737 2,843,937 2,120,326 2,317,967 980,200 262, 764 2,085 405,581 71,778 137, 659 779,483 1,079,731 943,420 825,012 1,707,373 22, 754 670,949 30,136 1,272,242 1,277,318 5,939 420,862 1,083,561 3,023,618 1,016,412 2,560,381 52,637 11. 696 Contract work. $34,956,938 810, ■ 61,017 2,146,206 733,325 61,803 110, 182 30,230 527,085 336, 413 351,782 162, 194 48,200 244,989 725,066 867,521 2.393,761 1,255,011 111,479 127.009 1,951,765 3,720,211 1, 122, 606 962,987 198,070 805,223 56,050 58, 445 555,406 1,212.252 589,849 279, 754 3, 866, 422 59,360 84,288 30,310 1,121,489 1,089,471 100 310, 332 480,929 2,046,425 1, 382, 752 1,761,098 96, 266 5,529 COST OP MATERIALS USED. Aggregate. $183, 786, 210 3,909,616 77,914 162, 361 6,829,651 2,652,951 490,370 499, 802 143,979 2, 870, 497 2,996,891 771, 437 3, 326, 460 206, 765 7, 648, 250 2,781,420 4,875 5,354,554 8,796,944 7,084,131 1,043,346 2, 428, 441 14,182,066 12, 302, 578 5,893,360 2, 650, 497 426, 825 5,369 2,817,671 313,611 254,277 5, 309, 703 4,470,020 5,099,016 4,412,422 10,005,505 100, 177 1,617,713 38,987 8,520,212 3,642,484 55, 264 2, 183, 068 3,.?39,475 16,325,9.54 3,76.3,461 15, 818, 278 40,420 117, 143 Principal materials. Total. $169,912,489 3, 468, 500 67, 334 145, 604 6,173,996 2, 139, 274 449, 142 .486,593 140, 688 2,416,855 2,591,135 738,557 3,218,158 195, 181 7,286,693 2,700,241 4,700 5,063,211 7,607,658 6,897,555 1,011,564 2, 367, 348 12,865,574 11,740,841 5,220,872 2, 296, 245 360,776 4,698 2, 652, 711 306,272 206, 640 5, 168, 263 4, 183, 871 4i 937, 395 4, 143, 360 9, 600, 402 98, 610 1,371,044 36, 154 8, 187, 312 2,985,977 53, 460 2,099,206 3,125,292 14,545,613 3, 460, 866 14,946,011 36,799 109,638 Purchased in raw state. S75,909,937 1,757,261 500 127, 642 2,7.58,186 1,619,801 140,829 387,712 91,140 1,259,586 2,085,435 156, 443 331, 439 29,203 1,087,075 447, 409 1,495,061 4,837,735 2, 376, 107 468,010 471, 366 6,160,797 6,661,333 3,080,794 845,098 301,462 2,250 1,704,300 208,066 174, 465 1,863,254 2,035,790 1,806,412 640,675 7, 130, 869 94,980 790, 505 30, 446 2, 110, 453 2, 369,222 3,770 798, 132 1,860,959 3,351,600 2,356,966 7,561,613 29, 349 19,638 Pui chased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing " all other materials"). $94,002,552 1,711,239 66,834 17,962 3,415,810 519, 473 308, 313 .98,881 49,548 1,157,270 505,700 582, 114 2,886,719 165,978 6,199,518 2,252,832 4,700 3,568,150 2,769,923 4,522,448 553,554 6,704,777 6,079,608 2, 140, 078 1, 451, 147 59,314 2,448 948, 411 97,206 32,076 3,305,009 2,148,081 3,130,983 3,502,785 2,469,533 3,530 580, 639 5,708 6,076,859 616, 755 49,690 1,301,074 1,264,333 11,193,913 1,103,900 7, 384, 498 7,460 90,000 Fuel. Rent of power and heat. $189,923 $26,764 2,060 640 12,880 150 1,425 3,243 7,3Sd 10, 482 6,657 2,176 1,100 1,670 3,060 14,540 18,248 12,267 3,330 7,836 200 944 660 14, 892 3,548 15,395 10, 488 10 '9,"648' 350 1,560 1,232 23,094 64 1,530 640 270 1,000 1,328 94 '3,' 389' 50 200 45 50 1,012 210 6,613 6.')0 903 2,100 1,438 21 '558' 412 300 Mill sup- plies. $11,569,571 409, 168 4,690 16,757 592, 000 485, 321 33,078 11,144 3,278 437, 339 398,629 31,880 60, 330 5,784 101,145 59, 474 175 166, 384 1, 118, 080 168, 573 28, 732 43, 708 793, 353 425, 426 600,280 ■ 240, 403 66,049 471 , 79,954 7,369 47, 737 112,065 267,518 96, 181 266,319 383, 114 1,667 178,672 2,833 233,548 666,227 1,804 73, 870 189, 498 1,687,762 252,800 738,866 3,611 7,505 Freight. $2,098,463 29,824 . 5,890 63,015 13,946 8,000 13 11,871 6,857 50, 613 5,800 248,702 ■ 16,148 122, 690 70, 106 12,944 2,795 604,691 123,999 68, 878 105,963 83,050 200 8,870 24, 433 49, 141 11,643 10,063 67,966 '89,'i46' 9,230 22,835 90, 711 48, 563 109, 577 10 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. $680,022,690 15,93ti,814 245, 380 960, 778 28,065,171 18,275,891 1,763,791 1,562,264 430, 443 10,901,660 14, 435, 563 2,834,606 7,081,470 588,078 14,559,662 5,610,772 20, 700 14,639,000 36, 192. 374 17,937,683 2, 750, 339 4,903,714 40,569,335 33,183,309 24,036,639 10,903,783 3,024,674 19,624 7,519,431 1,116,884 1, 315, 364 13, 310, 413 16,731,379 12,667,992 12,483,908 31,642,390 401, 170 6,791,451 276,190 21,580,120 16,278,240 133,044 5,888,441 13,040,860 49,572,512 14,933,472 44,395,766 426,433 292,933 302 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 4 — LUinBER, PI.A1VING MIIiL, PRODUCTS, INCliUIUlVO SASH, DOORS, AND BlilNDS. (See also Boxes, wooden packing; Iiiiinber and timber products; Wood, turned and carved; and special report on liUniber.) STATE OB TEBEITOEY. United States . Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming All other states' Number of estab- lish- ments. 67 4 69 246 20 S3 10 6 36 145 12 270 10 192 79 31 97 40 84 57 202 246 94 46 96 6 23 42 HI 696 134 412 19 60 8 81 80 12 51 117 85 127 149 4 4 $177,145,734 1,316,632 40, 726 2, 455, 439 9, 024, 620 424, 400 2, 462, 468 206, 108 273, 100 1, 125, 285 4,086,826 384, 434 11:002,842 116,228 4,165,262 6,474,782 914,367 3,275,114 1,949,001 2,003,304 2,332,619 5,297,046 8,770,637 5,310,239 1,379,616 4,407,641 240,702 353, 215 966,013 4,729,426 58, 622 31,002,584 1,730,711 11,871,945 211,949 1,747,281 19, 566, 179 569, 158 947, 186 80,110 3,162,696 1,861,386 167,766 2,095,728 2,688,212 3, 622, 351 2,171,489 8, 866, 682 32,700 265, 419 Land. $18, 605, 104 126, 640 2,000 183,016 854, 854 96, 760 319,060 15,225 61,000 143,864 444,829 28, 056 1,271,666 14, 666 619,459 456, 360 55,900 313,795 338. 190 146, 625 155,230 607,886 668, 625 522, 378 164,740 687. 191 62,641 39,600 77,870 657,322 4,265 3, 132, 479 180, 263 1,119,622 13,279 260, 617 2, 490, 639 18,600 61,764 16, 000 331,115 247.380 46,800 128, 160 271,662 317,043 222,787 811,092 6,000 12, 350 Buildings. $22,818,174 184, 199 1,760 314,249 922, 474 76,230 286, 260 29,500 64,000 168,963 654, 724 25, 752 1, 372, 647 13, 685 636, 958 760, 161 146, 500 369,686 269,745 290, 17] 230, 341 716,287 1,001,706 674,003 218, 675 656, 680 66,900 82, 780 123, 472 667,948 9,917 3,781,297 218,719 1, 556, 392 49,269 231,871 2, 603, 162 67,849' 137,912 8,600 467,263 199,380 13, 650 266, 600 426,723 444,995 279,908 1,198,221 4,600 39, 621 Machinery, tools, and implements. $31,187,214 Cash and sun- dries. 382,723 15,900 503, 696 1,831,506 131,715 371, ■'38 38,200 44, 200 340,967 1,169,525 65, 724 1,744,248 32, 935 801, 636 721, 193 129,728 462, 401 419,065 390, 683 324, 431 776, 738 1,443,073 863, 628 476, 381 930,003 40, 408 81,889 160, 533 788,709 22,250 4, 772, 472 536,978 1,931,410 38,939 499,004 3, 189, 171 96,026 319,219 29,860 509,874 346,989 33,620 240, 956 614,929 711,472 464, 138 1,297,630 14,300 36,721 $104,536,242 623,070 21,075 1,464,678 5, 415, 686 119,706 1,476,420 123, 183 113,900 471,511 1,916,748 264,902 6,614,282 64,942 2, 197, 199 3,538,068 682,239 2, 129, 233 922,011 1,175,925 1,622,517 3, 197, 134 6, 657, 133 3, 250, 230 619,820 2,134,867 81,763 148,946 603, 138 2,815,447 22,200 19, 316, 336 796,761 7,264,521 110,462 766, 789 11,283,217 386,783 428,291 25, 650 1,844,344 1,057,637 64, 696 1,461,022 1,376,008 2,148,841 1,204,656 5, 569, 739 7,900 166, 727 Number of estab- Ush- ments re- porting. 69 239 20 52 10 6 36 137 12 268 10 187 79 31 96 40 84 67 191 246 87 45 94 6 23 42 106 561 134 403 9 69 684 19 60 78 12 61 116 86 123 149 Total horse- power. 314, 346 3,735 116 4,797 14, 677 1,103 3,282 390 480 2,806 10,823 511 18,847 241 9,449 7,687 1,132 6,480 3,455 4,294 4,776 11,256 20, 348 7,468 4,538 6,879 327 909 2,885 6,569 143 43, 164 6,389 22, 657 243 4,162 29,991 1,126 2,577 197 4,894 2,772 324 4,406 6,990 6, 108 6, 135 13, 679 91 350 I Includes establishments distributed as follows: Nevada, 2; North Dakota, 2. GENERAL TABLES. 303 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 4.— L.I;JTIBE:R, PL.AN1NG MIIiL. PRODUCTS, INCLUDING SASH, DOORS, AND BLINDS. (See also Boxes, wooden packing; Liiiiuber and timber products; Wood, turned and carved; and special report on Lumber.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. 5,618 66 3 58 239 18 ! 49 11 31 155 13 228 13 I 198 38 124 33 245 310 104 41 53 3 23 62 113 9 729 146 462 9 69 855 23 61 74 16 64 152 48 169 133 6 5 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Aggregate. Salaries. 113 2 156 431 25 18 84 351 761 57 194 120 104 176 309 470 237 120 ,342 163 ' 666 14 85 919 1 37 ' V 178 ; 188 221 126 443 S9. 960, 230 112, :»Ci 3, 300 157,SK12 600. 207 28. 5211 136, 116 3,415 17,390 90,520 349,046 12.830 850,379 8,962 ,262.088 305, 625 65, 487 187, 475 135, 300 77,906 144,.297 298, 262 475, 408 266, 231 114, 128 309, 970 10,500 35, 652 37. 187 265. 101 525 1,527,634 116,001 655, 413 15,920 112,060 837,276 30, 847 66, 130 5,300 173, 591 101,507 13,990 73,735 156, 191 260, 158 108, 939 431,614 OtEcers of corporatious Namber. Salaries 11,803 1,936 2 184 207 62 176 11 155 21 101 $3,051,003 45, 707 1,800 47,650 136,829 4,000 50,807 595 31, 106 113,340 3,560 314,771 109,921 96,035 20, 120 69, 960 33, 120 23,390 43,770 80,376 131,525 66,950 20,180 119,810 10,140 2,840 99, 435 422, 448 52, 692 249, 108 22, 320 209, 639 3,620 17,520 2,000 60,420 34, 572 6,750 13,300 48, 960 65, 630 29, 008 138,980 6,300 General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Number. Salaries. 79 1 122 353 21 105 7 18 61 275 7 577 8 221 234 48 166 97 263 406 196 104 206 11 25 38 191 2 ,135 101 491 14 74 764 34 73 4 132 10 61 163 179 106 342 86,909,227 66, 679 1,500 110, 252 363, 378 24, 526 85, 309 2,820 17,390 59,415 235,706 9,270 535, 608 8,962 152, 167 209, 590 45, 367 127,515 102, 180 64,516 100. 527 217,886 343,883 199, 281 93,948 190,160 10,500 25, 612 34, 347 165, 666 525 L, 105, 186 63, 309 406, 305 15,920 89,740 627, 637 27,227 48, 610 3,300 113,171 66, 936 7,240 60,435 107,231 194. 528 79,931 292, 634 5,503 Men. Number. 6,832 75 1 110 323 20 78 7 18 56 258 7 194 200 43 141 95 51 131 215 337 177 94 181 11 23 34 165 2 1,002 96 408 13 65 26 70 4 124 68 10 53 144 162 Salaries. $6, 474, 991 64, 670 1,600 102, 890 349, 770 23, 986 73,880 2,820 17,390 57,011 227,536 9,270 486, 307 8,500 141,683 194, 372 43, 485 121,540 101,688 46, 053 97, 591 198, 680 312, 876 189, 258 89, 352 177, 608 10,500 24,212 33,026 152, 474 625 1,043,108 61,689 374,749 15,440 84, 540 589, 263 22,515 47,710 3,300 108,719 66, 935 7,240 66. 813 104,070 185, 378 74,020 264, 246 Number. Salaries. 977 8434,236 2,109 133 6 83 1 96 8 3 7,362 13,008 640 11, 429 2,404 8,170 49, 301 462 10, 484 15,218 1,882 5,975 492 8,463 19,206 31,007 10, 023 4,696 12, 562 1,300 1,321 13, 192 62,078 1,620 31,566 480 5,200 38, 374 4,712 900 4,452 3,622 3,161 9,160 5,911 28,388 600 WAGE-EAENEES. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 121,421 1,343 37 1,890 6,098 410 1,187 236 302 1,129 4,439 129 8,876 90 2,880 3,162 2,329 1,606 1,249 1,637 3,848 6,554 3,426 1,435 3,000 51 416 996 2,646 54 17,847 1,780 7,234 125 1,418 11,149 386 1,247 49 2,307 1,463 122 1,344 2,611 2,646 1,524 5,991 12 113 Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 77,949 1 978 17 1,229 3,749 281 817 123 213 698 2,829 82 5,468 41 1,892 1,716 432 1,259 1,149 746 1,182 2,271 4,163 2,369 1,092 1,939 38 284 669 1,901 31 11,690 1,748 4,723 39 936 7,618 229 779 31 1,490 170 72 787 1,681 1,484 959 304 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 4.— L.limBE:R, PLANING ifllliL. PRODUCTS, INCIiUDING SASH, DOORS, AIVD BLINDS— Continued. WAGE-EAKNEKS AND WAGES. STATE OK TERRITORY. United states. Alabama Arizona Arlcansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont , Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wvoming All other states Total. Average number. 97,674 1,106 22 1,505 4,763 350 941 180 271 854 3,603 6,994 61 2,318 2,582 582 1,747 1,301 940 1,400 2,970 5,225 2,868 1,198 2,371 38 345 771 2,271 36 14,456 2,143 5,806 86 1,127 9,050 301 974 27 1,863 1,053 93 1.089 2,027 1,966 1,108 4,727 Wages. .?50,713,607 393,269 17,841 668, 290 3,576,886 260,997 584,449 67,846 168, 668 366, 649 1,196,934 62,852 3,969,618 46, 244 1,162,699 1,240,216 294,446 734,964 616,038 464,761 582,224 1,874,643 2,365,030 1,482,831 461,699 1,400,968 32,316 228,953 361,003 1,301,312 29,186 8,061,347 648,317 3,171,336 50, .622 760,454 4,924,193' 187,880 292,321 17,349 778,593 563,866 67,626 429,774 783,267 1,143,710 572,356 2,227,069 6,605 66,306 Men 16 years and over Average number. 96,967 1,079 22 ],485 4,675 348 941 172 270 841 3,546 85 6,931 61 2,267 2,463 580 1,724 1,287 937 1,367 2,968 5,014 2,825 1,176 2,341 38 344 757 2,248 36 14,361 2,074 5,729 86 1,123 8,847 300 963 27 1,824 1,043 91 1,034 1,974 1,962 1,096 4,616 Wages. 860,360,735 388,796 17,841 664,476 3,666,314 260,377 584,449 66,846 168,612 364,913 1,187,849 62,. 542 3,955,062 46,244 1,152,351 1,223,432 294,045 730,841 613,568 464, 140 577,208 1,871,761 2,321,879 1,476,249 456,739 1,394,139 32,316 228,616 349,070 1,296,762 29,186 8,041,447 638,789 3,152,529 50,522 758,754 4,874,384 187,360 290,781 17,349 772,974 551,541 57, 135 415,610 776,935 1,142,871 669,426 2,185,024 - 5,605 65, 180 Women 16 years and over. Average number. Wages. $121,730 588 2,460 1,000 3,923 1,936 350 300 260 365 1,144 1,649 17,231 4,500 11,353 1,559 12,162 2,700 10,479 24,408 520 200 13,143 2,340 300 Children under 16 years. Average number. 66 118 1 22 14 1 31 7 131 13 22 28 3 125 12 185 Wages. $231,142 4,474 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. 3,227 18,112 620 156 1,636 8,086 310 10,633 8,413 16,434 100 3,863 2,470 266 3,872 1,333 26,920 2,082 4,960 5,929 237 580 3,091 7,738 6,828 8,328 1,200 26,401 1,540 '5,'6i9' 2,314 290 1,021 3,992 539 2,930 36,474 125 Total. $13,654,313 98, 195 2,992 172,744 561,523 21,115 185, 146 8,082 19,093 106,061 339,825 48,869 1,060,964 10, 144 334,886 468,712 93,451 246,040 150,510 234,804 214,929 444,407 682,724 423,143 131,954 325,259 13,628 26,226 66,608 280,067 3,101 2,812,400 130,076 866, 131 26,038 109,311 1,021,301 62,118 61,367 5,015 143,720 127,618 9,097 150,934 208,611 315,766 125,536 691,188 1,686 15,298 Eent of works. $1,140,705 7,303 1,320 3,111 104,745 1,014 19,711 119 5,580 1,863 13,579 11 134,591 181 16,413 6,101 2,400 9,497 1,541 16,428 29,445 110,673 27,326 21,342 1 , 455 25,730 346 6,411 6,052 39,650 696 272,999 3,395 64,993 300 9,483 91,846 9,372 3,143 60 5,080 10, 136 1,200 2,093 21,806 14,116 8,. 504 17,984 .555 10 Taxes, not including internal revenue. $997,656 9,165 290 11,443 37,577 3,861 11,109 387 2,160 5,411 34,509 3,053 62, 109 603 33,117 26,764 6,339 19,637 5,376 11,777 18, 103 40,735 77,394 38, 198 10, 161 29,060 1,694 1,998 6,682 26,547 580 137,536 13,975 81,553 1,869 11,645 1,695 5,877 1,252 14,551 9,165 2,158 7,061 13,781 20,589 11,146 59,489 131 1,275 GENEKAL TABLES. 305 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1005— Continued. Oroup 4.— EiUJTIBER, PliANING KlILL, PKODUCTS, INCLUDING SASH, DOORS, AND BIiINDS— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent of offices, interest, etc. $10,320,210 80, 777 1,382 158, 190 375,946 16,852 148, 205 7,676 8,653 97, 637 288, 737 21, 631 830, 534 9,460 273, 028 435, 147 84, 078 160, 546 143, 593 198. 649 167, 381 250. 623 .578. 004 35.'!. 7S1 265. 8.32 ' Contract work. Aggregate. $1,196,842 1 11,.5S9 17. 167 50,214 206. 583 1,825 1.680,656 69, 412 691, 133 23.869 S7. 623 758, 010 50,566 52, 347 2,475 123, 929 107, 181 5, 7.59 141, 730 169. 100 277, 312 98, 504 600, 653 1,000 14,013 950 43,256 388 6,121 2.700 150 3,000 24, 174 33, 730 12, 328 700 1,634 55,460 42, 376 4,822 3,000 4,637 650 2,560 7,287 721.209 43.294 .38.462 103, 177 585 1,228 160 1,136 50 3,925 3,750 7,382 13,062 1,215,211 46,346 2,333,121 7,481,139 303, 741 1.880,638 166,356 144, 399 971, 466 3,431,038 134, 946 10,614,845 136, 850 3,594,560 3,372,909 868, 714 2, 674,. 325 1,327,385 1,087,649 2, 150, 932 4, 244, 381 9, 293, 689 4,978,161 1,111,237 2,634,017 27, 223 268, 283 889,319 3, 662, 878 64, 544 22,556,621 1,920,747 11,074,776 92, 904 1,287,701 12,290,836 627, 531 885,372 68, .334 2,913,344 1, 193, 166 83, 445 2,176,595 2,614,268 2,990,223 2,372,650 6,906,760 23, 363 170. 735 COST OF MATERIALS USED. Principal materials. Total. $143,137,662 $138,177,282 1,151,790 42,683 2,269,056 7,305,726 296, 080 1,821,636 167, 269 140, 234 939. 472 3,347,719 130, 172 10, 258, 793 134, 750 3,421,606 3,046,726 850, 632 2.612,058 1,277,111 1.052,714 2. 103, 377 4,058,509 8, 846, 770 4,889,039 1,079,016 2,572,594 23, 254 249, 492 870, 243 3,578,970 62,051 21, 894, 349 1,840,884 10,686,413 79, 465 1,260,449 11,737,017 518,937 844, 873 65,071 2,843,790 1. 158, 102 77,610 2,027,917 2,646,438 2,828,150 2,322,276 6, 683, 536 22, 665 160,911 Purchased in raw state. $876,421 5,460 228, 760 1,960 1,500 500 3,950 400 350 Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing " all other materials"). $137,300,861 4,200 6,993 800 13, 550 14,605 20,825 2,628 1,481 10, 444 6,600 34, 846 29,206 168.679 92, 160 230 5 1,000 3,956 I 10,225 15,317 10,005 184,647 1, 146, 330 42, 683 2,040,296 7,303,775 294, 680 1,821,036 163, 319 140, 234 939,072 3, 347, 369 130, 172 10,268,793 134, 760 3,420,731 3,046,726 850, 632 2,607,858 1,277,111 1,045,721 2, 102, 577 4,044,959 8,832,165 4,868,214 1,076,387 2,571,113 23, 264 249, 492 859, 799 3,572.470 62, 051 21,859,503 1,811,679 10,516,734 79, 465 1,260,449 11,644,857 518,937 844, 643 56,066 2,842,790 1, 157, 727 77,610 2,023,961 2,536,213 2,812,833 2, 312, 270 6,498,889 22, 665 160,911 Fuel. 81,273,476 7,220 1,894 7,490 20, 696 4,435 Rent of power and heat. $335,015 19,090 1,010 2, 315 3,072 12, 364 475 99,668 1,200 60,723 33,994 10,208 27, 364 6,044 12, 112 17,613 39,748 97,235 38.737 4,514 33,004 630 6,391 4,313 32,648 525 168.959 13; 013 108,956 2,177 8,701 182, 758 5,089 10,380 1,861 15, 648 15,080 2,330 6,391 12,705 4,019 17,514 87,747 656 2.860 440 300 75 54,730 870 4,981 144 724 30, 334 463 8,136 1,233 2,782 1,135 2,780 5,123 9,302 38, 321 6,952 3,644 967 6,489 384 1,105 3,275 8,077 1,650 58,982 2,071 15, 309 1,224 14, 486 1,640 612 420 1,580 6,660 600 5,180 2,560 16,718 744 4,995 2,400 Mill sup- plies. $887, 657 17, 335 322 25, 226 38, 263 2,366 15, 227 615 1,850 13, 364 24,S14 1,675 64, 396 447 21,664 20, 873 3,719 15, 406 15,975 7,321 11,222 17,604 74,520 18, 675 22,118 11,356 2,955 877 4,640 16,017 318 125,990 21,394 54,692 363 11,661 70, 475 1,381 10,017 584 21,888 6,221 805 6,158 20, 466 31,867 7,659 34,200 53 846 Freight. $2,464,233 38, 426 147 31,274 61,725 19, 804 6,318 14,408 44,513 1,900 71,6.55 82,521 270,083 1,373 18, 362 25,475 10, 379 9,418 90, 199 269,212 28.066 4,633 11, .576 418 6,948 27,266 308, 341 43, 3&5 210, 406 9,676 3,010 286, 100 584 19,590 398 30, 438 7,113 2,100 130,949 32,109 109, 479 24, 458 96,282 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. $247,441,956 2,096,968 76, 339 3,786,772 13,903,483 713, 777 3,027,705 256, 790 392, 132 1,690,465 6,618,544 307,917 18,296,036 229,696 6,071,309 5,700,209 1,508,378 4,593,261 2,683,613 2,223,966 3,417,113 7, 732, 615 14,375,467 7,949,212 2, 126, 250 5,240,940 96,519 625, 352 1,487,548 6, 138, 321 119, 500 40,779,610 3, 402, 471 17,725,711 199,566 2,653,319 21,928,674 916,738 1,478,581 101,450 4,686,918 2, 321, 323 200, 521 3,080,117 4,224,052 5, 173, 422 3,645,716 11,210,205 38, 875 289, 521 MFG — FT 1 — 07 -20 306 MANUFACTURES. Table 5. ^SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Gronp 7.— mAI^T. (See also I^iqiiors, distilled; liiqnors, malt.) STATE OR TERRITORY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. I/and. Buildings. Machinery, *ools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 141 $47,934,204 S8, 512, 622 $16,329,070 16,241,630 817,850,882 136 22,071 •?. California 759, 640 13,. 526,509 31,300 728,721 1,310,175 385,836 12,982,637 1,359,477 2,320,831 13,097,965 1,432,113 106,000 2,833,634 4,800 46,900 66,600 22,575 2,280,199 201,214 590,499 2,238,085 124,216 184,000 5,293,173 12,000 246,483 423,086 83,000 4,639,318 272,906 699,720 4,161,991 313,394 145,750 1,272,309 1,500 66,572 340,887 26, 100 1,209,601 66,665 161,009 , 1,632,215 329,062 324,890 4,126,393 13,000 369,766 479,703 264,161 4,853,469 818,792 879,603 6,065,674 665,441 6 20 3 4 7 6 41 6 6 29 9 186 8,406 47 425 1,192 138 4,236 440 370 5,294 1,340 3 Illinois 21 3 4 7 6 43 7 7 29 9 4 5 fi 7 Missouri 8 New York. . 9 Ohio in 1 1?, AH other states i . Uronp 9 — MANXEIiS, SL.ATE;, MARBIiE:, AND JHARBIiEIZED. (See also Marble and stone work.) United States 2 . 8141,964 $13,650 $24,000 Group 9.— MARBLE AND STONE WORK. (See also Monuments and tombstones.) United States. Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky , Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states 3 4 7 26 82 59 7 II 13 42 20 93 16 27 37 5 23 37 202 7 63 148 7 10 207,604 192, 404 1,631,423 197, 461 1,178,726 132,600 234,012 2,644,922 2,208,487 2,760,066 186,275 119,350 419,682 2,897,215 1,062,722 6,745,506 284,443 624,275 1,186,265 93,317 671,164 1,484,966 9,397,358 265,783 6,124,046 5,126,711 349,089 408,117 140,896 34,392 12,279,424 721,974 266,274 20,200 969,957 163,820 818,267,074 27,983 27,274 184,203 47,050 140,661 62,000 106,000 1,013,731 466,717 610, 627 27,000 19,100 60,600 897,400 198,693 2,666,581 70,865 128,303 175,796 16,000 240,506 152,675 1,876,272 142,200 1,810,900 1,680,803 47,100 31,506 45,600 4,000 5,013,142 65,271 105,000 15,050 294,176 18, 400 $6,914,810 11,740 30,040 76,376 14,176 137,170 16,200 17, 100 160,868 179,301 305,748 81,375 16,400 47,700 361,640 86,934 671,214 31,801 41,187 70,060 15,025 48,965 109,290 924, 130 19,060 655,656 390,520 17,620 73,302 11,600 3,250 2,044,324 123,296 860 107,694 6,600 813,741,080 49,621 93,022 212,224 46,022 641,642 31,500 30,300 637,052 529,418 984, 435 33,250 30,600 107,465 579,770 187,806 1,267,420 69, 144 171,718 322,386 30, 120 168,111 315,627 2, 163, 166 69, 175 1,246,448 1,027,438 86,259 85,785 61,578 9,500 2,121,419 136,262 85,540 2,400 192,119 26,360 $24,287,850 118,260 42,068 1,058,620 90,214 359,263 23,800 80,612 833,271 1,043,051 849,266 44,650 63,250 203,917 1,068,406 690,289 2,261,290 112,643 183,067 618,014 33, 172 213,583 907,374 4,433,801 35,348 2,411,042 2,127,950 199,110 217,524 32,318 17,642 3,100,539 397,156 56,934 1,900 375,968 112,560 14 24 117 4 50 101 90,357 290 473 1,166 264 1,760 475 70 2,643 3,181 8,387 539 260 929 5,104 1,364 9,041 648 1,188 2,066 1,411 1,647 9,732 320 9,440 11,278 710 990 381 190 11,078 1,135 382 122 1,675 139 '.Includes establishments distributed as follows: Iowa, 1; Kentucky, 1; Maryland, 2; Montana, 1; Nebraska 1- New Jersey 1- Washineton 2 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows; Minnesota, 1; New Jersey, 1; New York, 1: Pennsylvania, 1. ' "gi'uu, ^. GENERAL TABLES. 307 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 7.— MALiT. (See also lilquors, distilled; Iilquors, malt.) Proprie- tors and Arm mem- be i;s. SALAUIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EAHNEKS. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. (iencral superintendents, inanagci-s. 3lerk3, etc Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number empioyed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men.' W omen. Number. Salaries. Number. 108 Salaries. S2S9, 329 Number. Salaries. S457, 661 Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 96 444 j $746,990 336 320 S449, 360 16 $8, 301 2,750 1,371 1 2 5 5 15 99 38,650 208,639 7 20 26,900 S1,4.W 8 11,650 79 1 127,180 8 78 11,050 126, 480 61 629 13 .56 84 56 825 149 100 642 135 56 341 10 16 62 16 361 41 22 412 44 1 700 3 13 26 16 94 23 13 116 29 i:i.2S4 40, 70.-. 21,500 145, 686 33,034 19.099 175,953 44,480 5 7 4 13 5 4 36 8 6,000 17,280 7,200 49, 107 10, .500 7,733 64,650 18, 440 8 . 7,284 19 29,425 12 1 14.360 7 18 12 78 18 9 71 21 6,504 28,945 14, 360 93,911 22,534 11,366 107,570 26, 040 1 1 780 480 5 6 5 45 3 4 22 3 7 81 18 9 -81 21 96,519 22, 534 11, 366 111,303 26,040 3 2,608 8 q 10 10 3,733 11 l' Oroup ».— IflANTEIiS, SLATE, MARBLE:, AND ITIAKBI.]i:iZX:i>. (See also Marble and stone VFork.) $2,880 $2,280 $600 96' Group t>.— ^MARBIiE: AlVD SXONE WORK. (See also Monuments and tombstones.) 6 2 28 4 10 25 94 46 11 15 9 41 23 101 29 36 23 3 28 32 260 7 53 184 4 12 7 6 60 2,488 14 7 58 13 53 119 139 3 10 24 210 11 39 22 78 505 12 197 231 33 13 10 2 247 25 14,030 7,394 68,283 14, 600 62,433 6,050 4,960 91,357 183, 922 157,940 2,100 9,988 28,052 109,001 189, 513 256,093 9,704 30,166 103,232 6,900 19, 265 119,978 660,848 9,380 267, 878 269,011 42,914 17, 723 7,760 2,500 253, 262 34,977 15, 820 46, 442 14,780 $1,010,6 4,720 18, 660 2,000 19,180 29,745 80,160 61, 321 3,000 13, 540 34, 216 116, 400 48, 460 720 1,500 49,000 6,000 6,960 46, 560 151, 489 3,600 114,263 74, 872 9,750 5,800 2,400 1,600 60,173 16, 000 6,600 9,700 3,600 2,023 7 14 70 61 193 10 36 61 1 16 57 450 9 148 189 29 10 1 213 21 10 S2, 117, 547 6,200 2,674 49, 623 12,600 43,253 6,050 4,960 61, 612 103, 762 96, 619 2,100 6,988 14,612 74,786 73, 113 207, 633 8,984 28, 656 64, 232 900 12,305 73, 428 509, 359 5,780 163, 625 124, 139 33, 164 11,923 6,360 1,000 193,089 18,977 9,220 36, 742 11,180 1,844 6 4 42 7 14 64 58 171 10 35 44 1 13 54 417 7 124 174 28 9 1 194 19 10 "27' $2,021,891 4,840 2,674 45, 373 9,600 42, 525 6,060 4,960 60, 532 96, 730 94, 245 1,500 6,988 14,612 71,696 71,099 196,560 8,984 28,480 47, 510 900 11,186 72, 144 490, 815 5,000 142,678 177,279 32, 693 11,323 5,360 1,000 184, 147 18, 237 9,220 36,462 10, 700 $95, 656 360 4,250 3,000 728 1,080 7,032 2,374 3,090 2,014 12,083 176 6,722 1,119 1,284 18, 544 780 11,047 6,860 471 600 8,942 740 1,280 54, 157 213 108 919 261 1,320 261 150 2,428 2,146 2,848 152 207 430 3,433 1,354 5,639 244 898 1,027 77 1,125 1,383 9,271 462 3,657 6, 398 669 .526 201 63 5,470 664 237 39 767 231 26,015 129 46 465 138 404 59 46 1,105 1,077 1,088 72 63 209 1,653 2,233 112 348 328 534 3,617 134 1,663 2,642 61 16 4,147 71 20 362 67 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Florida, 2; Indian Territory, 1; Mississippi, 1; Montana, 1; Nevada, 2; Oklahoma, 1; Oregon, 2; South Caro- lina, 1; South Dalcota, 2. 308 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY CJroup 7.— MAIjT— Continued. STATE OK TEBEITOEY. WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States 2,064 $1,4.56,908 2,052 Jl, 456, 400 1 S320 1 S188 $2,207,711 $86,794 $162,332 58 502 9 41 69 39 540 103 68 535 90 58,663 378,063 4,828 29,948 51,428 29,104 370,051 67,984 48,078 354,981 63,780 58 501 9 41 69 39 S40 103 68 634 90 58,663 377,743 4,828 29,948 51,428 29,104 370,051 67,984 48,078 354, 793 63,780 29,218 649,305 701 28,017 139,370 24,881 663,718 80,186 23,974 703,060 65,281 2,758 49,188 401 6,570 •9,673 1,974 30,951 4,021 4,098 44,991 7,707 1 Illinois 1 320 28,480 4 1 6 7 Missouri 4,200 26,996 15,618 1,700 8,000 1,800 S 9 Ohio 10 11 1 188 1':^ Group 9.— MANTEIiS, SliATE, mARBIiE;, AND MAKBIiEIZED— Continued. United States - $56,403 87 I 6,403 $17,850 $1,600 Group 9.— I?IAKBL,E ANJD STONE WOKK— Continued. United States.. Alabama Arlcansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states 38,399 162 59 169 844 1,665 1,544 1,914 106 144 293 2,423 952 3,903 180 .550 686 64 712 923 6,180 283 2,632 3,878 401 428 115 29 130 23 543 121 $23,629,867 36,314 32,760 624,564 155,963 512,592 79,115 63,854 692,962 1,079,694 988,690 63,217 69,663 -156,037 1,452,669 576,216 2,356,534 117,510 318,423 459,432 60,814 409,367 693,809 6,412,076 105,215 1,374,893 2,148,071 275,768 206,013 64,418 21,972 2,271,590 195,482 101,028 8,886 345,644 90,723 38,215 [ $23,689,197 161 59 669 169 844 174 95 1,641 1,542 1,912 106 144 292 2,415 945 3,897 180 548 682 63 712 922 6,127 273 2,622 3,860 401 428 116 29 4,887 495 130 23 643 120 56,074 32,760 624,564 156,963 512,692 78,726 63,864 689,929 1, O.I, 220 988,090 63,217 69,563 164,837 1,449,846 573,716 2,355,121 117,510 318,046 468,346 50,314 409,357 693,757 5,398,849 104, 215 1,372,466 2,142,306 275,768 206,013 64,418 21,972 2,270,103 191,776 101,028 8,886 345,644 90,363 $20,761 300 2,063 1,500 506 546 500 13,019 1,677 $19,909 390 3,033 174 600 200 770 907 377 540 62 208 1,000 760 5,765 1,187 3,706 $6,214,694 13,269 7,791 71,966 14,722 90,439 15,723 11,717 233,989 414, 477 192,439 10, 164 . 10,931 18,818 153,946 113,011 436,590 33,448 49,007 216,694 7,525 51,692 214,975 1,195,270 37,394 484,639 36,064 31,527 16,812 1,650 339,499 67,864 31,224 866 141,905 12,681 $617,834 2,830 242 11,631 1,947 11,934 1,300 1,134 7,297 36,481 5,299 386 2,653 1,260 1,398 5,138 50,505 2,540 2,996 15,048 1,415 16,712 12,239 182,728 2,590 32,631 68,350 10,519 1,305 482 206 15,924 60 1,110 3,910 735 $278,394 1,106 138 3,627 1,461 5,682 470 1,204 8,119 10,359 13, 102 463 610 2,164 14,092 4,190 43,351 1,807 2,447 3,958 660 1,885 6,624 47,976 561 21,619 17,044 1,887 1,921 1,155 344 51,074 1,819 838 175 4,240 332 GENERAL TABLES. 309 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 7.— MAIjT— Continued. MISCKLLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS- USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of oflices, interest, etc. 1 Principal materials. Fuel. Kent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Contract work. Aggregate. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially mannfactiired form (includ- ing "all other materials"). $1,912,919 ; $45,666 $23,620,984 $22,702,936 $22,289,701 $413,235 $756,774 $50,577 $65,076 $45,622 $30,288,984 1 9 26,460 471,637 300 486,273 6,702,702 ! 44,600 441,446 897,423 260,873 6,371,832 906,166 698,096 6,937,298 874,286 459,554 6,481,157 43,650 422,030 838,209 249,124 5,163,654 871,664 672,008 6,670,421 831,575 468,469 6,477,114 43,560 421,648 837,909 235,950 6,144,599 717,164 667,322 6,620,985 665,001 1,085 4,043 17,989 191,857 625 17,424 43,902 9,647 149,232 30,034 22,265 239,880 33,919 4,410 4,805 300 820 20,645 125 1,991 2,412 405 18,103 1,148 2,923 14,631 1,872 3,600 4,238 660 349 8,539,870 3 52, ISO 4 21, 447 382 300 13,174 19,055 154,500 4,686 49,436 166,574 544,599 1,197,639 367,478 7,037,043 1,135,725 815,779 8,740,103 1,198,249 5 129,697 15,059 465,753 60,547 18, 176 648,069 55,774 12,900 311 8,187 6 3,648 40,018 1,386 32,656 3,320 7 8 4 900 8,666 6,920 K) 2,000 3,700 U 1? Group 9 MANTEIjS, S1.AXE, mARBLE, AlVD MARBtElZED— Continued. $11,350 $3,900 195,735 $93,797 $93,797 $778 $50 $760 $223,706 Group 9.— MAKBLE AND STONE WORK— Continued. $3,402,076 $1,016,290 517,717,374 $15,228,237 $9,106,091 $6,122,146 $1,130,471 $92,412 $263,617 $1,002,737 $68,931,621 1 9,333 7,411 53,698 11,214 72,439 13,953 7,938 181,368 150,197 173,263 9,306 6,309 15,404 120,309 75,483 300,809 29,101 39,866 52,802 5,450 29,273 116,528 768,697 8,443 377,195 271,412 22,658 28,301 11,175 1,100 206,051 64,985 29,276 691 122,825 7,814 1 49,963 5,182 815,117 165,656 229,584 10,043 54,163 462,401 1,482,167 834,067 66,479 43,357 123,958 326,626 732,874 1,105,960 145,888 205,611 607,403 62,561 171,778 703,965 4,700,551 17,028 1,263,540 1,432,862 180,321 197,967 31,421 22,750 877,028 127,791 24,448 2,836 360,429 84,620 35,403 1,175 644,310 114,276 181,744 2,781 51,307 397,152 1,212,865 688,400 41,867 34,628 99,440 243,805 702,376 896,162 127,035 157,841 523,515 65,534 140,045 646,610 4,393,190 11,528 1,104,676 1,242,100 158,310 176,848 25,670 18,010 610,164 85,741 14,880 2,100 321,288 66,461 30,527 150 342,360 101,836 147,147 200 47,072 340,621 720^731 634,226 41,527 7,429 93,770 147,869 675,690 436,398 102,145 108,870 423,477 49,034 100,420 548,734 2,374,838 2,712 134,176 788,295 25,717 147,533 23,967 12,560 306,064 29,728 13,570 400 191,246 56,152 4,876 1,025 301,950 12,440 34,597 2,581 4,235 56,631 492,134 154,174 340 27,199 5,670 95,936 26,686 459,764 24,890 48,971 100,038 6,500 39,626 97,876 2,018,352 8,816 970,500 453,805 132,593 28,315 1,703 5,450 304,100 66,013 1,310 1,700 130,042 11,309 3,479 3,833 11,419 4,400 17,047 4,594 300 43,915 35,232 106,565 6,776 5,473 7,386 58,211 26,917 104,652 4,250 14,142 35,055 2,477 7,031 19,941 134,778 4,210 118,621 106,627 8,014 15,441 2,784 2,426 180,454 17,383 4,716 247 11,798 980 1,046 2,750 174 2,266 587 2,816 2,348 192 7,954 6,899 20,996 430 258 1,401 8,161 3,164 16,987 3,611 3,002 14,187 300 2,024 6,386 51,037 390 16,916 20,596 692 2,040 379 215 66,986 1,994 2,053 39 3,105 183 7,275 152, 160 68,944 1,855,260 428,230 1,023,958 126,557 165,844 1,883,792 3,779,662 2,634,566 151,927 190,074 461,781 2,382,186 1,897,384 5,032,781 373,790 692,835 1,650,781 161,089 798,599 2,022,192 13,671,590 219,080 3,736,679 5,095,049 576,176 548,553 154,092 60,300 4,955,057 473,373 216,607 18,541 992,248 279,995 2 3 3,000 100 384 13,946 936 1,823 143,176 45,456 26,154 320 1,200 11,672 216,802 17,706 7,166 2,998 15,528 14,017 50 82,719 10,492 28,307 31,190 4,050 19,395 29,377 94,142 900 22,897 69,894 12,845 4,628 1,886 2,100 25,184 22,213 1,200 460 22,722 16,636 4 5 6 7 1,441 37,205 217,440 ' 775 ■ 1,164 1,708 10,369 400 1,250 8 9 10 11 12 1,559 13 204 1,432 367 5,440 500 2,319 3,456 200 3,283 1,652 27,404 14 i8,i47 28,200 36,925 3,' 699' 144,786 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 4iS22 79,584 195,869 25,800 3,541 127,833 22 23 24 ?5 430 3,746 460 26 27 28 29 4,000 702 30 .31 66,450 1,000 4,240 460 1,600 32 33 34 i6;936" 3,800 35 1,516 360 36 37 310 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY firoup 4 flIATCHES. STATE OK TEKEITOBY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 23 S5, 334, 035 $245,869 $1,563,112 11,782,544 $1,742,510 22 3,769 ■> 3 3 3 3 5 45,000 537,517 268,699 951,160 1,616,856 1,914,803 4,000 30,000 12,500 35,000 86,089 78,280 .5,250 119,254 83,220 166,836 416,798 771,754 11,750 199,236 121,840 208,560 909,314 331,844 24,000 189,027 51,139 540,764 204,655 732,925 3 3 3 3 4 6 107 634 186 1,26^ 265 1,313 s Michigan 4 ■; Ohio. fi 7 All otlier states i Group 2.— MATS AND MATTING. United States !. 8838,607 125,705 $124,697 $267,190 $421,015 10 1,559 Group 14.— MATTRESSES AND SPRING REDS. (See also Furniture; WlrevrorJk, Including wire rope and cable.) United States. Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut District of Columbia Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states' $14,513,608 136,652 80,277 592,298 128,669 179, 108 48,972 19,142 263,769 995,374 743,276 93,340 186,744 56, 823 204,817 40,337 266,298 680, 175 305, 614 430, 180 564, 170 123,142 26,831 389,072 1,845,770 57,778 1,682,474 53,360 1,240,886 41,676 73,001 211,822 410,357 69,034 68,928 139,985 64.479 1,938; 584 70,404 $1,209,723 7,785 4,500 9,200 14,500 17,450 9,682 1,500 2,600 92,950 88,150 10,800 10,175 4,600 31,900 3,050 12,000 36, 476 18,600 49,750 57,500 7,760 300 20,760 72,165 6,440 66,265 4,000 163,312 3,675 17,360 78,400 3,600 6,950 5,500 1,000 259,699 11,800 $2,239,437 18,329 11,168 5,200 21,000 31,600 16,000 3,300 1,660 121,533 195,627 4,000 27,920 4,600 29,500 5,750 32,700 60,050 92,226 76,278 150,078 27,375 800 63,960 177,863 11,830 293,262 3,600 186,660 14,207 24,860 76,600 12,000 19,200 13,686 6,759 384,748 14,660 $2,654,132 19,605 19,045 107,509 23,700 34,802 7,060 3,668 49,250 220,282 131,943 24,239 28,550 17,610 36,696 8,301 24,306 86,367 58,021 56,897 71,019 21,670 6,500 54,680 284,661 17,866 457,332 9,260 143,546 3,400 18,427 37,683 79,683 18,761 13,275 26,233 9,587 408,555 16,305 $8,410,316 90,933 45,564 470,389 69,469 95,266 17,240 10,684 210,369 660,609 327,666 64,301 120,099 30, 113 106,822 23,236 187,292 497,293 136,768 247,256 286,573 66,347 20,231 249,692 1,311,091 22,653 866,615 36,600 747,368 38,276 131,939 176,674 34,783 29,503 94,567 47,133 885,682 28,749 13,648 70 152 336 235 116 17 167 701 684 174 245 115 179 84 116 610 403 192 601 31 128 152 1,276 76 1,818 70 1,163 10 217 488 82 90 218 136 2,254 136 ' Includes establishments distributed as follows: Illinois, 1; Indiana, 1: Maine, 1; Minnesota, 1; New York, 1; Wisconsin, 1. 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows; Illinois, 1; Maine, 1; Maryland, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Minnesota, 3'; New .Jersey 1- New York 2' Penn- sylvania, 1; Wisconsin,!. * J' • > » GENERAL TABLES. 311 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 4.— MATCHES. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEBKS, ETC. "WAGE-EARNERS. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerics, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing tlie year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Saiaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 7 176 $178,340 26 843,059 160 $135, 281 130 $122,682 20 $12,699 3,579 2,773 1 7 34 19 44 10 62 9,900 21,821 18, 746' ■34,282 14,535 79,056 2 2 4 6 3 9 4,200 1,400 4,000 5,300 6,1.59 22,000 5 32 15 38 7 53 5,700 20, 421 14,746 28,982 8,376 67,056 5 25 13 35 6 47 5,700 14, 024 13,940 27,322 7,440 54, 156 47 548 290 906 358 1,430 40 501 186 761 146 1,141 9 7 2 3 2 6 6,397 806 1,660 936 2,900 4.— MA'r<;HKS— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of ofBces, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. .827,289 1 1 Total. Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). Rent of ' ,,,„ „„„ S'j 'Mri Freight. S387, 4.52 S16, 400 53,284,855 ! 53,219,978 $77, 228 83,142,750 827,686 $5,646,741 1 4,233 66 517 11,000 45.745 733. 837 97,276 884, 709 1 249,685 ' 1,273,603 44, 166 726, 319 89.864 868, 224 233,811 1,257,605 17,719 17, 126 26, 436 709, 193 89, 864 868, 224 233,811 1,215,222 580 3,270 3,359 3,009 3,835 13,236 210 4,248 800 105, 866 1,093,784 99^ 01 Q 2 3 4 5 19 683 1,200 1,803 2 250 68 632 684 121792 1,625! 116 11,289 399,302 10, 227 , 750 6 7 4,200 42,383 . .■ 2, 207 Group 2. -MATS AND ItlATTING-Continued. $73,360 $574, 168 $544, 436 $125,977 $418, 4,58 $4,380 I S7,556 $4, 362 $13, 435 81,242,996 1 Group 14.— MATTRESSES AND SPRING BEDS— Continued. $2, 191, 350 10,356 12,005 49,307 17,429 23,985 710 979 36,952 173, 840 112, 044 12,230 8,798 8,468 20,353 1,495 41,350 94,430 16, 864 81, 221 66, 799 10, 553 2,350 38,629 279,053 6,564 $12,910 100 100 $15,325,931 1,224 100 145,811 57 1,512 83,760 i 2, 608 ! 6,300 48 15,621 26,809 I 6,918 2,752 I 10.976 I 8,846 i 746,485 I 2,192 6,189 i 165, 205 43, 092 474,963 79,876 149, 069 65,206 27, 259 420,491 1,210,355 436, 541 113, 887 120, 906 66,764 269,246 50,873 364.619 1,322,904 331,348 296, 526 563, 887 50,257 43,250 444, 640 2,809,852 107,745 1, 392, 147 85,664 1,109,978 88,359 61,395 215, 983 399, 646 76, 133 94,014 98,852 96, 187 1,608,439 71,375 $14,901,908 161,527 41,578 447, 961 73, 375 138, 206 62, 555 26, 421 412,591 1,182,672 401,283 106,205 116, 367 63,335 264,261 49, 378 360, 341 1,304,300 311,664 286, 159 547,743 41,260 439,915 2,762,942 • 104,760 1,360,764 83,014 1,077,274 86, 160 67,992 207, 234 387,165 73, 121 92,682 93, 107 94,553 1,466,943 68, 306 $1,550,029 75,538 9,000 55,700 23,550 10, 128 11,343 3,746 81,186 209, 230 27.966 15,086 25,494 9,467 42,132 5,000 45,884 44, 204 4,725 2,147 45, 552 10,528 11; 936 135,807 35,470 134,745 1,262 225,810 400 17,238 10,471 84,923 29,108 11,300 11,464 72,921 9,568 $13,351,879 86,989 32,678 392, 261 49,826 128, 078 51,212 22, 675 331, 406 973, 442 373, 317 91, 119 90, 873 53, 868 222, 129 44, 378 314, 457 1,260,096 306,939 284,012 502, 191 36. 277 41,260 427,979 2,627,135 69,290 1,226,019 81,752 851, 464 85,750 40, 754 196, 763 302,242 73, 121 63,574 81,807 83, 089 1,394,022 58, 737 $140,911 460 15 3,310 1,840 2,021 1,136 50 400 9,618 7,739 2,467 1,247 898 1,350 629 2,328 5,282 4,900 3,021 6,360 207 790 3,763 13,913 2,425 13,674 840 14,092 810 465 617 4,887 105 562 26,709 382 $104,224 I $28, 808 1,113 1,216 4,964 1,674 1,784 500 768 6,665 8,799 2,454 1,165 2,436 915 2,419 720 1,240 10, 565 286 2,845 3,565 644 900 257 15,195 200 6,378 1,490 3,047 275 2,382 5,490 2,209 608 3,260 570 3,088 2,248 91r 283 2,5^8 487 421 785 20 835 2,861 3,640 286 112 715 66 207 1,261 339 86 536 38 160 362 3,811 335 1,984 320 1,637 65 234 406 703 68 162 75 65 2,005 • 152 -5150,080 I $27,755,288 2,014 16,200 2,500 6,637 230 6,505 21,425 3,362 570 504 600 180 503 1,606 14, 159 4,415 5,683 2,663 150 343 13,991 .25 9,347 13,928 1,334 2,429 5,344 1,401 640 9,694 288 258. 017 81,832 1,010,471 211,200 300, 796 154, 605 60,068 680,934 2,116,863 854, 236 201,694 270,036 144,979 506, 114 84, 661 578, 276 2,179,237 514,245 581,424 1,139,964 99,571 68, 907 728,338 4,582,658 163, 590 2, 296, 917 145, 300 2,002,237 129, 654 97, 109 436, 386 697,001 153, 7.30 144,540 269, 325 142,285 3,527,687 141,612 314 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 2.— jniLL,IIVE:R¥ AND I.ACE: GOODS. (See also Artlflcial leathers and flowers.) STATE OE TEKEITORY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number ol estab- lish-, ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United states 860 S17,S49,821 $490,964 8933,584 $3,077,894 $13,347,379 477 6,184 2 15 6 47 9 4 8 61 10 66 667 17 53 4 3 4 8 123, 184 137,600 1,321,236 29,332 77,966 77,237 1,506,437 146, 198 1, 186, 796 11,273,268 236,318 1,272,163 36,895 40,763 282,818 101,711 20,225 53,360 317, 171 ^ 8,083 1,800 8,475 254, 197 37, 754 383, 167 1,648,867 44, 744 225,219 5,265 1,620 55, 157 12,800 102,969 59, 150 969,064 21,249 76, 166 68,762 1,061,096 107,044 614,612 9, 143, 770 127,574 790,888 29,630 39,143 157,361 78,911 7 3 36 6 1 3 38 8 25 295 14 30 1 3 2 5 12 26 468 11 2 11 372 42 418 2,053 132 1,500 5 6 93 34 3 3,000 17,300 22,000 17,700 4 Illinois ' . 5 Indiana fi Louisiana 7 8 43,700 200 81,467 173,650 48,000 90,447 1,000 147,444 1,200 207,550 307,081 16,000 165,609 1,000 9 Missouri. . 10 New Jersey ... 11 New Yorlc n IS Pennsylvania 14 16 Texas 16 Wisconsin 30,300 2,000 40,000 8,000 17 Group 9.— Mll-IiSTONES. (See "All other industries," at end of table.) Group T.-MINEKAI, AND SODA TfATERS. United States . Alabama.. Arizona. .. Arkansas.. California. Colorado.. Connecticut Delaware District of Colrmibia. Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory. Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky. Louisiana. Maine Maryland. Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada. New Hampshire. New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina. North Dakota.. Ohio. Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania. . . Rhode Island... South Carolina. 42 South Dakota. 43 Tennessee 44 Texas 45 : Utah 46 Vermont 47 Virginia 48 Washington 2.. 49 : West Virginia. 50 1 Wisconsin 51 I Wyoming 3,469 42 12 54 128 46 .71 5 8 43 6 200 40 84 77 68 47 51 30 20 119 84 86 34 132 15 38 10 11 490 20 16 148 27 22 364 32 35 17 36 177 11 156 10 $28,100,022 229, 130 62,875 294, 612 1,028,573 673,579 374,273 22,064 163,600 149,894 511, 236 23,350 1,920,466 143,983 406,074 533,092 346,829 266,494 478,888 347,513 166,801 1,956,456 414,191 598,870 260, 687 949,587 85,920 161,883 31,160 32,319 1,346,311 35, 380 6,940,275 80, 760 140, 940 907, 796 118,430 93,330 3,060,233 253,606 160,041 110,746 261,934 860,022 93, 265 78, 466 129, 176 154, 265 209, 785 1,406,635 35,380 $3,284,408 12,850 3,800 52, 775 87,300 246,260 47,625 2,025 30,526 20,625 24,620 3,460 196, 160 4,955 66,065 78,220 41,250 24,320 83,296 33,626 11,900 131,635 53, 135 72, 260 20, 500 66,475 7,970 8,785 3,410 600 148, 100 4,000 641,280 4,400 10, 900 118,200 8,050 6,476 209, 460 24,400 17, 125 9,560 34,060 140,625 2,200 3,100 7,000 32,067 16, 790 508,000 4,450 $4,031,188 14, 508 12,600 43, 076 128,872 147,650 95,026 6,600 19,800 17,200 28,700 5,950 299, 165 8,150 72,445 80,035 66, 150 37,140 45, 723 60,200 26,300 236, 753 53, 925 117, 010 21,245 94, 795 28,500 26,840 4,100 4,500 262, 950 8,030 751,275 8,650 35, 125 167,500 9,900 6,875 447,995 43,750 16, 180 12,000 47,475 124, 386 2,950 15, 150 12,900 23,706 30, 500 193, 036 11,000 $10,663,000 88, 730 27, 776 136, 816 356,536 147, 738 149,032 6,830 60,044 '78,632 163, 539 12, 650 773,931 91,410 166,861 156,580 162,425 102, 756 187,723 115,703 63,880 528,305 201,547 212, 348 109, 706 451,098 31,800 96, 796 11,330 17,012 409, 990 $10,121,426 113,042 8,800 62,946 465,865 131,941 82,591 7,599 63, 130 33, 637 294,477 1,300 661,220 39,468 102, 703 219, 257 77,004 102,278 162, 147 137, 985 65, 721 1,059,763 105, 584 197, 262 109, 236 338,219 17, 650 30,462 12,310 10, 207 . 624,271 16,450 861,072 34,930 67,326 400, 404 6,900 1,796,648 32, 770 27,589 221,692 65,601 43,400 771,684 97,300 59, 660 34,879 36,680 1,631,094 88, 156 67,076 61,455 76,648 398,647 41,044 14,576 27,740 104,761 196,366 47,061 45,640 62,225 61,773 117,437 294,446 11,600 47,051 36,709 46,058 411, 163 8,430 1,885 29 90 4 19 27 250 75 374 21 184 47 249 2 11 6 65 8 16 40 128 4 11 1,36 933 15 60 42 252 53 278 45 214 30 160 29 163 21 300 10 87 79 923 .39 188 45 206 23 224 93 475 9 69 19 62 2 7 6 21 73 640 6 49 266 2,295 9 37 .13 62 91 689 10 48 9 23 15S 1,073 21 94 15 147 13 69 20 88 X3 367 7 31 4 19 IS 65 20 90 25 186 63 405 2 8 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Georgia, 2; Michigan, 1; Minnesota, 2; North Carolina, 1; Rhode Island, 1; West Virginia, 1 GENERAL TABLES. 315 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Uroup a.— MHililNEKY AND LiACE iiOODS. (See also Artiliclal featliers and flowers.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. 1,163 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEKKS, ETC. WAGE-EAENEES. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employer", at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 2,764 ?2. 296, 446 115 S250, 074 2,639 S2, 046, 372 1,644 81,601,091 1,095 J545,281 37,280 17,673 1 14 9 47 6 4 10 66 9 58 817 21 83 6 14 9.771 29 16.720 1 1,500 13 29 273 13 11 21 176 18 66 1,782 40 141 2 7 28 19 8,271 16,720 225, 966 13, 064 4,720 10,621 178,244 11,712 63,675 1,339,178 22,917 97,812 1,362 6,440 32,172 13,608 5 6 154 6 4 12 112 9 63 1,046 18 77 1 6 23 13 4,273 6.700 147,346 9,326 2,740 8,024 143, 468 7,480 67,171 986, 107 13,127 67,224 936 5,216 30,800 11,154 8 23 119 7 7 9 64 9 13 736 22 64 1 2 5 6 3,998 10, 020 78,620 3,739 1,980 2,597 34,776 4,232 6,404 353,071 9,790 30,588 416 1,224 1,372 2,454 .391 266 3,833 494 169 311 3,983 471 1,496 21,319 775 2,647 85 73 479 498 100 104 1,605 71 62 83 1,147 407 1,121 10,087 209 1,529 67 10 161 230 2 3 298 19 i5 TS5 25 US 1,830 42 143 2 9 30 23 278,241 20,864 5,320 12,621 118.681 19, 652 71,675 1,466,090 28,417 100,362 1,352 9,000 39, 172 19,608 25 6 2 3 9 7 2 48 2 2 62,275 7,800 600 2,000 20, 437 7,940 8,000 125,912 5,500 2,560 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 2 2 4 2,660 7,000 6,000 15 3 10 16 17 Group ».— MlIiliSTONES. (See "All other Industries," at end of table.) Group 7.— MlNEKAl, AND SODA WATERS. 4,100 49 17 72 138 55 82 5 8 53 122 6 236 47 99 93 96 62 57 30 21 137 96 101 30 143 14 38 12 10 144 16 600 21 15 187 31 30 444 46 30 20 34 207 12 11 25 39 59 189 11 30 34 13 26 33 23 10 94 19 39 35 79 3 5 3 3 29 3 245 12 12 69 5 7 159 . 12 20 3 40 53 13 3 20, 447 2,400 11,930 76,146 15,900 20,214 1,660 10,049 5,240 67,787 78,076 5,640 18, 440 32,528 6,660 13, 582 27.665 19, .597 9,512 99.214 13; 366 33, 860 26, 162 74,030 3,400 6,480 2,400 2,316 22,530 1,575 246,041 7,025 9,631 50, 490 3,400 5,446 126, 433 8,906 12, 605 1,390 38,877 39, 262 12, 560 2,330 8,528 17, 620 15,296 68,80^ S41 1,062 5,100 3,900 34, 330 5,100 3,440 21,400 31,938 1,800 2,248 5,840 1,133 13,015 9,564 41,130 1,200 6,160 20,730 1,800 3,600 5,200 77, 382 2,495 6,036 7,852 1,960 3,150 27,099 2,600 720 17,900 3,600 2,860 2,100 2,600 4,750 22, 640 1,305 26 ■ 29 13 23 21 13 10 77 18 35 30 57 2 3 3 3 25 3 212 8 7 61 4 146 12 17 2 29 60 12 3 S982, 178 16, 347 2,400 8,030 41,816 10,800 20,214 1,560 10,049 1,800 36,387 46,138 3,840 16, 192 26,688 6,650 12, 449 14, 660 10,033 9,512 12,166 27, 060 20,012 53, 300 1,600 2,880 2,400 2,316 17, 330 1,576 168, 669 4,630 3,696 42, 638 1,440 2,296 99, 334 8,906 9,905 670 20,977 35, 662 9,700 2,330 6,428 15,020 10, 546 46, 266 1,130 62 6 22 23 11 19 18 12 10 65 13 32 27 5.1 2 2 3 2 21 3 179 53 2 127 10 14 1 26 49 10 2 $908,784 14, 646 2,400 7,670 38,486 10,200 18,476 1,660 8,180 1,800 35,227 41,694 3,840 14,270 26,200 6,0fi0 11,309 13, 320 9,673 9,512 62, 468 10,610 26, 520 18, 752 49, 505 1,600 2,400 2,400 1,900 16,390 1,575 153,285 4,530 3,095 40, 374 1,440 1,900 92,418 8,390 9,065 150 18,357 35, 302 8,800 1,530 6,028 16, 020 10,545 43,023 175 $73, 394 702 360 3,330 600 1,738 1,869 1,922 1,488 590 1,140 1,330 360 5,616 1,656 1,540 1,260 3,796 416 1,940 16,374 500 2,264 396 6,916 516 850 520 2,620 360 900 400 "3,'242 14,650 204 19 174 440 118 262 12 124 140 446 120 251 267 241 224 250 143 164 767 237 244 176 708 24 72 16 34 620 7 2,892 93 46 566 76 49 1,239 171 170 40 260 494 99 43 159 80 148 441 10 9,205 110 15. 90 316 103 150 11 91 68 9 712 56 168 151 125 115 146 78 105 392 161 170 91 377 21 48 11 18 454 1,964 54 38 33 814 96 122 28 116 284 32 19 304 6 ' Includes 1 establishment in Alaslca. 316 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 3.— MIL,lilNEKY ANJB 1.ACE OOODS— Continued. STATE OK TERRITORV. WAGE-EAENEKS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States 27,600 810,307,241 3,683 $2, 324, 286 23, 400 $7,916,905 417 »67,050 S4, 588, 653 81,087,815 S38,380 196 207 2,800 261 104 163 2,603 305 1,345 16,268 456 2,089 73 34 344 372 69, 610 51, 832 1,097,187 67, 762 27,789 35, 434 1,047,300 98,642 479,915 6,268,406 141, 166 644, 631 27, 160 6,543 123, 346 120,818 25 38 321 4 1 12 597 38 242 2,106 63 134 15 17, 467 11,800 248, 819 1,492 104 6,174 366,916 19,943 201, 100 1,272,708 33,293 85,080 9,645 168 169 2,384 246 103 150 1,878 265 1,057 14,055 393 1,866 66 34 268 309 50, 847 40, 032 833, 361 66, 225 27, 685 29, 036 684, 638 78,299 272, 261 4,976,497, 107,873 646, 471 17,275 6,543 72, 517 106,346 3 1,196 15, 648 15, 346 638, 663 16, 729 26,465 13,702 327, 169 32,978 166, 987 3, 136, 731 56, 982 174, 781 10,274 6,391 39,467 22, 361 7,886 6,100 117,053 4,581 15,300 3,288 53,365 9,921 14, 410 788, 777 18, 726 37,880 2,900 1,344 1,836 4,450 848 370 3,748 374 165 162 8,470 782 5.615 9,185 1,816 2,911 79 174 1,879 1,802 •J 4 5 Illinois 95 1 15,007 46 7 8 9 10 11 Maryland Massachusetts Missouri New Jersey New York i 28 2 46 97 225 5,746 300 6,664 19,201 19 Ohio 13 14 Pennsylvania Tennessee Texas- -. 90 2 12,980 240 Ifi 6.3 24 48,029 11,716 13 39 2,800 I 2,756 17 Ciroup 9.— MlliLiSTONES. (See " All other Industries," at end of table.) Group 7.— ITIINERAL. AND SODA WATERS— Continued. United States. Alabama. - Arizona- -. Arkansas . California. Colorado-. Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia. Florida Georgia 12 : Idaho 13 ! Illinois : 14 : Indian Territory. 16 Indiana 16 Iowa 17 Kansas... 18 Kentucky. Louisiana - Maine. 19 20 21 Maryland . 22 ' Massachusetts. 23 Michigan 24 ' Minnesota 25 Mississippi 26 Missouri 27 Montana 28 Nebraska 29 I Nevada 30 : New Hampshire. New Jersey New Mexico. . . . New York North Carolina. North Dakota-. 36 Ohio. 37 I Oklahoma 38 ! Oregon 39 ; Pennsylvania. . . 40 Rhode' Island-.. 41 I South Carolina. 42 I South Dakota. 43 Tennessee 44 Texas 45 Utah 46 Vermont 47 I Virginia 48 I Washington... 49 West Virginia . 60 Wisconsin 51 Wyoming 10, 879 141 13 107 352 106 186 11 104 95 345 11 843 73 192 184 144 142 178 475 174 188 117 485 2C 63 10 20 607 2,356 67 30 447 122 135 29 164 321 61 28 105 64 92 367 5 $5,487,901 49, 074 10, 238 39, 527 250, 623 73, 246 103, 689 4,302 69,909 36,045 100,693 6, 2.32 479,714 27,8,56 90,908 95, 589 60,468 64,907 90,978 52,277 273, 861 102, 476 90, 094 44,235 242, 113 17,962 28, 110 8,262 9,804 284,834 2,966 1,262,600 18,761 20, 896 234, 830 21,479 19, 690 410,011 63, 347 29,. 592 17,379 65, 6.36 134,641 22,856 13,253 37,847 43, 047 41,644 161,063 3,803 10, 387 128 13 95 344 102 183 11 102 92 294 826 65 189 176 127 131 165 96 124 458 161 185 106 442 19 61 10 19 505 6 2,330 59 35 45 36 842 118 116 29 147 297 99 64 84 336 6 $6,388,362 47,370 10, 238 37, 553 247, 926 72, 280 103, 196 4,302 69, 352 35,746 90,299 5,526 475, 407 26, 449 90, 383 93, 367 56,214 63, 403 89,213 51,881 64, 269 99,311 89,002 42,4^6 232, 813 17. 662 27,688 8,262 9,714 284, 343 2,966 1,266,466 17,776 20,826 232,994 20,423 19,340 397, 869 61. 663 27,786 17,379 62, 325 130, 186 22,415 13, 193 37, 171 43,047 391720 156, 382 3,803 190 $48, 468 42 2 453 2,568 332 '6^762' 1,836 2,368 241 325 156 3,904 2,117 480 4,900 252 350 7,669 1,004 1,584 1,456 302 $61,091 3,933 1,704 1,621 130 966 354 225 300 3,632 706 2,471 1,407 526 2,222 1,886 1,263 1,440 240 680 874 1,047 612 1,749 5,239 300 142 90 491 1,145 986 70 4,473 780 1,806 1,726 2,900 440 60 176 $4,660,929 1,824 738 .32, 239 5,084 23, 236 ■ 144,205 60,965 46, 849 1,627 66, 358 21,394 162, 743 2,566 265, 240 24, 491 59,319 89,097 31, 628 27, 488 74,914 24, 070 23,020 363, 046 70, 409 84, 320 23, ,591 181,469 16, 872 22, 596 4,099 3,889 146,733 2, 336 1,178,433 10, 179 29, 159 114, 397 11,676 17,858 502, 752 43, 692 25, 383 12, 464 55,888 94, 220 24, 766 9,231 26,218 36, 207 28, 146 341,592 3,788 6,741 1,355 2,867 21,684 6,026 6,720 448 2,220 3,810 13,900 450 50, 958 4,154 6,215 8,465 4,862 4,383 6,002 2,233 3,619 31,106 6,268 5,180 3,469 30,809 2,480 3,253 246 1,196 16, 866 1,040 168, 546 2,420 1,332 16,746 1,494 2,532 37,267 4,769 2,880 1,860 6,691 12,684 2,207 1,360 $163,805 414 339 829 622 630 2,680 465 2,075 5,214 4,428 2,395 185 668 1,461 3,422 236 13,424 438 3,901 3,847 2,330 2,077 1,004 10, 697 2,497 3,999 3,612 4,804 636 906 207 244 6,560, 391 25, 854 806 970 7,407 867 674 9,106 1,312 941 744 4,401 6,382 1,100 592 1,405 1,701 8,847 236 GENERAL TABLES. 317 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Uroiip a — lUILIilNEKY AND IjACH OOODS-Conthiued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST or MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. j Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially mauulactured Jorm (includ- ing "all other materifils"). 83,006,287 $456,071 $26,258,916 $26,955,828 $2,425,862 523,529,966 $83,008 $133, 467 $28,871 $57,742 $50, 777, 768 1 6,815 8,875 417,062 11,554 6,000 10,252 263, 664 22,275 108,472 [ 88,065 2,394,038 137,954 68,905 118,890 2,849..530 237,843 872, 657 16,892,502 288, 151 1,482,646 100, 631 71,229 316, 607 230,796 105, 431 86,660 2,357,305 136, 180 68,505 117,234 2,800,380 230,201 854,537 16,745,658 283, 903 1,464,962 100.100 7i;ooo 306,073 227,799 105, 431 86, 660 2,361,306 136, 180 68,505 117,234 2,785,902 230,201 854, 537 14,410,384 283,903 1,394,752 100, 100 71,000 305,073 227, 799 53 376 8,436 36 1,378 880 8,881 1,612 180 360 7,056 2,450 3,882 95,809 2,101 6,394 310 164 50 1,970 26 160 1,964 77 70 30 3,284 60 4,192 16,797 161 2,521 125 25 251 139 1,585 259, 266 199, 100 4,948,391 274, 326 159, 846 193, 490 4,796,693 448, 351 1,931,524 32,844,273 596, 099 2,759,404 181,000 3 800 220 5,000 6,000 17, 462 50 150 1,044 14,157 3,218 2,551 6,968 682 3,969 4 6 222 24, 663 1,914 7,495 28,370 1,304 4.800 96 50 5,205 7 1,670 14, 478 8 9 39,817 385,563 100 22.901 in 1,953,206 36,341 111,089 7,295 3,873 36,742 2,335,174 11 1' 70,210 13 14 135,000 .')54. 514 n 5.028 Ifi 16,099 888 i 496.601 17 1 Group 9.— IH1IjI.STONES. (See "All other Indiistrlei>t," at end of table.) Group 7 MIIVXIRAL, AND SODA WATERS— Continued. •53,936,095 821,505 , SIO. 002,292 $9,424,353 $167,678 $9,266,676 $238,173 865,979 $38, 440 .52.35,347 $30,251,160 1 22 818 137,467 27,324 82,232 357,038 132,632 120, 223 4.840 129,215 26, 177 72,906 330, 122 126,237 108,783 4,513 106,655 74, 118 358,761 9,223 589,840 56,598 166,950 181,913 99,809 79,362 130,314 169, 177 87,188 727,930 ■ 169,203 163,888 89,022 364,116 19, 185 44,414 5,947 25, 164 379,085 10,713 1,594,779 43,490 33,335 247, 140 27,229 39,842 924, 157 87, 101 112, 607 29, 652 164,962 318,884 46,885 ,39,575 67,763 79, 173 57,395 623,285 10,571 321 128,894 26, 177 72, 856 323, 244 126,223 108, 136 4,499 106, 655 74,118 358, 645 9,223 584,219 66,371 166,080 179, 1.50 99, 409 78.8.59 130;044 169, 132 86,642 726,306 150, 849 169, 177 85, 393 343, 127 19, 185 44,268 5,809 25, 152 374, 645 10, 337 1,584,669 43, 439 33,335 244,390 25,474 38,842 851,049 86,526 112,584 29,584 164,958 315. 404 46,849 39, 575 65,661 71, 473 54,985 616,468 10,546 2,242 820 4,028 5,758 3,522 5,122 241 1,698 90 2,807 162 16,628 850 4,727 7,369 2,892 2,371 1.803 2,895 1,408 9,923 3,981 6,955 5,715 7,762 1,210 1,787 195 476 14,146 263 65,278 338 1,4.58 8.617 926 528 17,854 2,998 973 1,088 2,065 8,631 275 550 963 2,325 2,320 10,783 366 1,161 229 104 7,031 302 1,047 76 300 473 1,832 113 4,!.08 331 ■ 98 384 672 342 732 11 199 11 260 17 5,419 135 434 469 686 186 350 696 337 3,078 443 897 638 798 37 42 23 36 2,322 22 10,833 51 152 1,080 28 190 2,297 180 145 41 123 645 58 55 162 222 219 1,946 8 4,528 359, 797 68, 038 267, 613 1,206,158 417, 947 421, 394 16,932 287, 330 237, 922 934, 668 29. 550 2,257.690 184, 606 490, 249 577, 870 312, 231 316, 197 436, 044 346, 381 238,915 1,789,183 502, 362 572, 309 294, 596 1,166,303 95, 194 176, 704 39, 100 55, 081 1,258,363 31, 536 5,670,973 164, 683 155, 636 982, 730 98, 965 134, 426 2,806,546 305, 461 296, 468 112, 763 449, 812 984,114 142,275 ■> 3,264 18,004 117,207 51.. 511 33, 413 994 3 290 100 3,321 50 6,878 14 647 14 4,810 13,455 2,229 4,539 4 5 6 7 8 63,470 -- - 108.927 75 1,444 9,065 609 12,069 1,118 2,476 7,697 3,320 2,763 1,711 2,638 196 9,643 6,973 6,390 3,066 4,061 2,120 5,568 4,624 110 3,166 72 37,631 640 8,234 6,106 3,137 320 5,156 3,783 2,222 794 10,067 5,500 3,090 8,698 1,263 2,976 1,303 15,894 200 9 16, 123 146 421 76, 136 372, 725 10, 124 628,864 58,701 176, 084 in H6 11 1 880 i' 190,086 19, 899 772 5,621 227 870 2,763 400 .503 270 45 546 2,624 8,364 4,711 3,629 10,989 13 14 49, 203 76, 446 24,276 21 , 028 497 611 383 563 1,230 1,632 98 3,670 646 • 1,506 785 3,963 165 210 300 103 1,436 90 9,661 458 336 4.041 222 606 4,331 1,747 527 180 551 2,828 1,009 529 698 724 296 1,784 15 :350 160 198,059 107,090 86,245 135, 408 176,938 89,224 754, 244 170,240 178,636 99,126 370,700 22,717 ,52,021 11,089 25,889 400, 165 11,160 16 17 IS 66,221 19 19,857 18,197 317,646 61,144 75,036 16, 520 140,116 13,757 18, 437 ,3.646 2; 450 124, 308 904 978,683 6,963 26.849 89; 624 9, ,325 14,652 466,380 37,611 21,562 9,860 44,796 75, 254 21,448 7,279 22, 790 30,463 21,616 324, 748 2,922 ">!) 200 3,599 500 105 21 22 23 24 ■'5 .5,740 26 ''7 156 138 12 4,440 376 10,110 51 28 99 30 31 32 5,360 1,708,182 44, 877 33 34 8 620 43,516 266,983 31,542 41,486 953,795 96,809 116,474 35 2,750 J, 755 1,000 73,108 575 23 68 4 3,420 36 36 .37 38 .39 40 41 31,756 177,769 336, 488 51,317 49,407 60,849 85,420 61,533 653, 692 11, 135 42 43 44 45 111,780 i 46 15 2,102 7,700 2,410 7,827 25 194, 550 270, 293 226, 153 47 48 49 375 1 1,734,870 < 60 31,610 51 1 318 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group ».— miRKORS. STATE OK TEEKITORY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWEE. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 119 S3, 859, 469 8104,860 !!361,351 «608, 895 S2, 784, 363 94 2,971 9 16 8 4 7 3 40 8 10 3 20 791,026 140, 192 182, 864 168,663 318, 228 1,130,072 345,987 348,888 89,955 343,594 29, 135 2,075 10,250 98, 934 22,877 22,500 121,374 24, 752 21,049 25,606 47, 126 153, 496 61,368 S3, 709 14,531 75, S84 541,583 90, 488 129, 065 143,057 224, 781 921.848 224,619 213,088 57, 324 238, 510 12 7 4 7 3 28 8 8 3 14 700 173 180 149 110 717 341 295 100 206 1 Indiana . . 4 Kentucky 5 6 New Jersey 9,500 13,750 10, 000 19,9.50 36,821 40,978 50,000 52, 141 18, 100 19,000 7 8 Ohio 9 in Pennsylvania Wisconsin 11 All other statRS 1 10,200 Group 14 — mODELiS ANB PATXUKIVS, NOT I]NCL.IjmiNG PAPER PATTERNS. United States. Calilornia Colorado Connecticut District of Columbia. Illinois Indiana Iowa Maine Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania JRhode Island Washington Wisconsin All other states ^i. 547 $2,895,827 91, 242 10, 750 67,989 79,000 259,720 62, 753 5,055 10, 950 28, 460 228,638 29,933 14,594 71,889 139,062 998,388 271,492 357.204 20,515 6,825 82,923 58,445 $182, 250 100 2,300 10,000 2,000 2,550 .300 50 5,400 50 200 5,600 11,550 69, 850 49,600 15, 700 1,700 5,300 t242,254 400 3,350 3,000 6,200 6,224 475 200 1,500 9,450 ■ 350 600 3,175 9,300 92, 250 61,870 30,500 300 4,410 8,700 S958, 425 43, 225 4,500 30, 800 22, 600 102, 669 31,513 2,750 7,600 13,600 83, 829 8,795 8,562 26,889 44, 787 226, 208 71,329 155,368 8,950 4,775 38,318 21,358 81,512,898 47, 517 6,250 31,539 43, 400 148, 851 22, 466 1,530 3,100 13,360 129,959 20, 738 5,232 36,225 73, 425 610,080 88, 693 155, 636 11,265 2,050 38, 495 23,087 104 37 126 23 277 128 15 11 59 1,220 66 59 106 167 581 634 482 26 11 166 71 Group 9.— MONUMENTS AND TOMBSTONES. (See also Marble and stone work.) United States. Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Indian Territory . Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts- . . Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire. New Jersey New York North Carolina.. Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island. . . . South Carolina. .. South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states 3. 5 16 36 9 40 3 4 24 94 4 69 29 15 30 7 19 22 135 57 26 36 6 10 32 27 122 15 60 5 8 107 16 22 44 4 179 8 11 10 S15,S17,344 65, 238 58, 476 282, 762 90. 450 314,857 34, 350 17, 083 278,828 1,043,743 13, 120 443, 187 300, 675 188, 398 1,53,555 123, 667 110,806 264, 403 1,468,584 370,037 439,312 53,064 540,067 23, 855 102, 100 297,988 252, 305 2,082,703 92,261 600,533 34,060 i 71,975 1, 132, 793 329, 126 38,725 68, 687 239,868 253,931 27, 575 2,187,911 80, 839 86, 660 69,005 1,050,663 39. 130 $2, 505, 199 6,000 42, 275 15, 200 62, 859 6,000 3,000 24, 250 139,025 300 71,571 38, 275 15, 650 24,410 14. 300 9,650 48,225 263, 272 44,432 103,600 15, 200 114,450 3,800 9,700 40, 665 31,000 467,880 12, 750 97, 725 7,000 5,600 186, 545 73, 500 3,100 5,500 18, 670 34, 675 2,600 167,800 15, 200 13, 750 13,000 221,795 11.000 81,864,520 7,150 7,375 19,300 7,700 29,875 4.800 700 16,800 94, 555 200 69,535 36, 100 40,300 11,490 12,914 14, 125 36,850 164,921 42, 435 70,300 5,600 57, 420 ■3,900 18,575 37,519 45,250 219,315 7,700 78, 842 1,500 10, 650 131,. 390 35, 185 2,695 10, 600 10, 198 20, 175 2,150 303, 184 9,600 8,200 6,500 149,897 1,060 $2,044,334 17,960 4,576 34,356 11,950 40, 746 2,050 440 41, 475 73,851 1,300 40, 277 30,869 11,945 14, 625 12,351 9,567 17. 248 199, 653 40, 244 71,290 6,455 34,411 4,996 10,966 59,522 30, 401 197,044 9,549 94,880 10,800 6,026 141,506 66, 234 3,230 4,875 33,984 32,330 2,925 435,859 10,926 4,850 8,935 154, 443 2,430 89,403,291 40, 138 40,526 186,832 55, 600 181,377 21,500 12, 943 196,303 736,312 11,320 261,804 195, 431 120, 603 103,030 84,102 77, 463 162,080 840,738 242,926 194,122 25,809 333, 786 11,160 62,859 160, 282 146,664 1,198,464 62, 262 329,086 14, 760 49,700 673,363 154, 207 29,700 47,712 177,016 166,751 19,900 1,281,068 45,114 69,850 40, 570 524,528 24,660 13 1 146 3 2 4 22 2 168 95 315 318 509 199 135 36 60 86 63 110 2.696 340 565 34 161 18 43 411 165 1,416 62 568 95 13 976 606 2 41 224 206 36 4,811 48 12 45 1,163 16 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: California,!; Colorado, 1; Connecticut, 1; Delaware 1- Knn'saa i- Mnr-irionH ^-m.-^v,!™ n tr- * , Missouri, 2; Nebraska 2; North Carolina 2; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 1; Utah, 1; Vermont 1 "'•'"'*"''"''' ^' Kansas,!, Jlaryland, 2, Michigan, 2; Minnesota,!; Vlr '■n'ia''2''^^ establishments distributed as follows: Delaware, 2; Nebraska, 2; New Hampshire,!; North Dakota,!; Tennessee, 2; Texas,!; Virginia, 2; West GENERAL TABLES. 319 STATES AND TERRITORIES; 1905— Continued. Group ».— MIKKOKS. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALAKIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EAENEES. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerics, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. L,east numiier employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 117 302 $331,771 63 $101,075 249 S230, 696 197 $205, 590 62 825, 106 3, 199 2,288 1 9 7 3 3 6 58 6 7 69 13 7 18 17 105 15 29 22 86, 126 14,670 11,400 12,068 25, 668 96,225 17,224 28,832 9,000 30, 558 14 6 2 3 3 8 5 4 5 4 27, 457 8,500 5,600 5,680 8,500 9,838 8,000 7,400 5,700 14,500 65 8 5 15 14 97 10 25 2 ■ 18 ; 58, 669 6,170 5,900 6,388 17, 168 86, 387 9,224 21,432 3,300 16,058 46 6 3 13 12 79 6 16 2 15 54,555 4,770 4,400 6,672 16,868 76, 684 7,412 16,951 3,300 14,978 10 2 2 2 2 18 4 9 4,114 1,400 1,500 , 716 300 9,703 1,812 4,481 627 149 150 135 , 176 1,004 292 282 76 309 386 87 128 102 143 732 221 185 48 257 - 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 in 19 3 1,080 11 Group 14, MODELS AND PATTERNS, NOT INCIiDDlNG PAPER PATTERNS. 656 242 5238,379 39 ■ 867,617 203 $170,762 167 $153,735 46 $17,027 3,871 2,106 1 30 4 20 6 64 19 4 3 11 90 16 10 21 32 118 77 77 11 4 22 18 8 1 8,044 1.095! 8 1 1 2 23 3 8,044 1,092 1,200 2,500 20,708 2,145 8 1 1 2 19 1 8,044 1,092 1,200 2,500 ■ 18,944 1,280 124 29 141 41 420 93 11 9 60 380 121 43 149 182 915 389 484 67 16 136 71 75 17 68 24 236 .58 4 7 30 191 43 21 68 108 512 207 270 30 11 86 39 9 3 4 3'™ 3 2,600 4 2 31 5 2,500 32, 428 5,505 ■i 8 11,720 3,360 4 2 1,764 865 6 7 8 2 2 16 3 1 19 1 83 19 26 2 1 14 3 1,000 2,000 14,372 1,468 231 20, 270 1,800 79,008 19,308 • 32,063 1,243 600 9,257 2,600 2 1,000 9 2 13 3 1 15 1 77 17 20 2 1 10 3 2,000 9,692 1,468- 231 14,870 1,800 60,231 12, 108 23,873 1,243 600 4,457 2,600 2 8 1 1 16 1 58 12 18 1 2,000 8,274 656 231 14,870 1,800 52,289 10,600 23,259 1,044 TO 3 4,680 5 2 1,418 812 11 12 13 4 5,400 14 16 6 I 2 5 18, 777 7,200 8,180 19 5 2 1 1 4 1 7,942 1,508 614 199 600 1,055 250 16 17 18 19 '0 4 4,800 6 2 3, 402 2,250 21 ?9 Group ».— OTONUMENTS AND TOMBSTONES. (See also Marble and stone work.) 2,025 964 $868,679 101 $165,851 863 $712,728 744 $666, 592 119 $46,136 16,046 9,782 1 6 22 56 9 44 5 7 25 118 9 99 49 25 43 6 28 30 207 73 42 9 42 8 17 46 31 166 17 86 8 12 156 23 9 6 28 61 8 298 10 13 11 63 6 3 9 13 15 27 3 3 45 60 1 25 36 26 8 6 1 14 79 34 16 5 26 2,280 7,244 14,300 18,520 25,050 2,132 3, 280 . 22,855 60, 203 500 15,783 26, 698 18,566 6, .360 5,835 290 10,666 68, 584 25,856 16,900 3,720 26,772 3 9 13 8 25 3 3 44 64 1 21 34 26 7 4 1 14 76 34 16 5 16 2,280 7,244 14,300 7,300 20,450 2,132 3,280 21,965 53, 363 600 11,683 24,898 18,566 4,360 4,049 290 10,666 64,384 25,856 16,900 3,720 13,682 3 9 11 8 21 3 3 43 44 1 15 30 23 5 3 2,280 7,244 13,700 7,300 18,690 2,132 3,280 ' 21, 906 48,989 500 9,817 23,680 17,478 3,800 3,426 48 78 234 53 291 36 14 470 730 22 316 172 120 142 116 145 188 2,170 337 324 58 291 26 77 442 196 1,229 153 492 39 61 940 433 55 27 315 281 37 3,880 92 99 62 699 56 30 46 134 41 142 28 7 264 356 16 193 103 65 75 83 71 105 1,260 216 228 40 147 11 . 43 240 124 768 87 316 32 24 591 258 32 21 206 193 22 2,666 84 46 27 434 28 1 S 2 600 4 7 2 11,220 4,600 6 4 1,760 6 7 s 1 6 900 6,850 1 10 50 4,364 9 10 IT 4 4,200 1,800 6 4 3 2 1 1 3 14 4 2 1 4 1,766 1,318 1,088 660 624 290 1,182 6,858 1,868 1,000 240 1,634 12 13 14 1 2 1,000 1,786 15 16 17 n 62 30 .14 4 12 9,484 57,526 23,988 15, 900 3,480 12,048 18 3 4,200 19 ^'^ TO 10 13,090 23 3 13 18 90 11 65 1 1,849 9,240 17,232 79,721 8,360 52,297 1,200 3 10 16 82 7 49 1 1,849 7,640 14,332 68,321 4,850 37,182 1,200 2 8 12 71 6 40 1 1,729 7,040 12, 792 63,877 4,700 33,702 1,200 1 2 4 11 1 9 120 600 1,640 4,444 150 3,480 ""< 3 2 8 4 16 1,600 2,900 11; 400 3,500 15,115 26 27 28 29 30 31 3?. 30 10 3 a 16 33 1 137 9 4 12 49 25,773 14,«62 2,030 2,130 12, 165 21,557 900 159,708 4,818 5,400 7,880 69,073 1,000 30 9 3 2 16 33 1 129 9 4 9 33 1 25, 773 14,762 2,030 1,060 10,665 21,557 900 121,208 4,818 5,400 6,440 30,003 1,000 26 9 3 1 13 32 1 111 9 4 7 32 1 24, 327 14, 762 2,030 ' 750 10,125 21,267 900 114, 169 4,818 6,400 6,766 29,703 1,000 4 1,446 33 1 ' 100 .34 3S 1 1 1,080 1,500 1 2 1 300 540 300 36 37 38 ,39 8 38,500 18 7,039 40 41 4? 3 16 1,440 29,070 2 1 676 300 43 44 45 'Includes establishments distributed as follows: District of Columbia, 2; Nevada,!; North IDakota, 2. 320 MANUFACTURES. Table 5. -SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 9.— MIRKORS— Continued. STATE OR TEEBITORY. United States. Illinois Indiana Kentucky Massachusetts New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Average number. 2,649 494 117 139 887 249 241 57 236 Wages. 264,890 55,194 83,798 53,877 62,072 472,369 117,676 115,739 26,208 122,984 Men 16 years and over. Average number. 2,502 486 115 139 220 199 57 233 Wages. $1,336,106 262,395 54,932 83,798 53,643 57,672 461,345 106,670 107,056 26,208 122,488 Women 16 years and over. Average number. Wages. Children under 16 years. Average number. S34,942 10,^42 10,000 1 7,952 Wages. J3,759 847 262 234 182 1,006 732 496 Total. J567,967 93,930 12,482 32,669 31,477 46,648 200,570 60,684 68,764 6,048 34,895 Rent of works. $127,149 23,206 1,572 888 4,644 4,360 70,741 6,800 2,270 1,380 11,288 Taxes, not including internal revenue. Oroup 14 — raoDELiS AND PATTERNS, NOT INCIiUDING PAPER PATTERNS— Continued. United States.. California. .: Colorado Connecticut District of Columbia. Illinois Indiana Iowa Maine Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania. . . Rhode Island. . . Washington Wisconsin All other states . 2,780 I 81,788,184 2,553 I 81,710,644 193 S70,360 34 90 24 96 32 312 70 7 5 70,060 ', 16,606 1 69,4.33 23,220 || 210,061 ]l 46,714 " 3,851 ':• 2,820 il 21,421 II 250 168,445 v.") 40,157 28 16,460 100 64,666 139 98,187 601 394,689 283 173,526 370 240,591 46 27,359 14 10,749 82 46,026 58 32,255 79 I 24 94 32 260 5 37 241 75 27 96 138 548 278 357 46 14 70 58 87,190 I! 8434,994 $163,662 65,836 16,006 69,133 23,220 194,994 46,056 3,851 2,820 21,261 165,842 40,157 16,260 63,815 97,563 354,755 172,215 243,937 27,359 10,749 41,970 32,255 572 300 52 21,007 2,395 200 1 107 624 38,489 365 2,900 1,346 1,310 2,289 166 16,489 2,385 6,688 3,270 .52,070 7,770 1,000 470 3,242 41,429 3,387 3,437 20,112 13,361 162,254 30,743 38,619 9,632 1,616 12,346 4,409 11,784 1,850 3,984 1,655 22,378 1,700 420 230 1,462 18,479 2,112 2,120 6,504 5,350 46,181 11,354 18,674 2,126 1,182 3,877 1,240 $11,466 2,735 867 1,090 306 487 1,104 1,300 1,476 370 1,731 $10,849 405 87 197 557 662 427 20 27 33 1,023 260 98 339 479 2,658 1,734 1,160 49 56 198 490 12,024 .36 56 168 43 207 32 11 363 496 20 243 135 89 104 102 109 139 1,717 256 277 47 196 16 57 336 150 979 113 403 32 38 730 357 39 24 253 231 28 3,204 77 66 42 564 43 Group 9.— MONUMENTS AND TOMBSTONES— Continued. ' 1 United States Alabama Arkansas California. .. . . , 88,213,030 18,402" 39,878 182,240 43,. 508 142,320 13,813 6,041 130, 119 356,705 11,673 140,405 88,. 571 56,592 56,092 62,265 60,862 84,584 1,071,478 169,137 190,618 26,918 120,825 14,193 40,941 201,084 115,936 686,846 51,245 251,398 14,094 42,069 462,709 244,191 15,382 19,760 124,505 168,287 16,710 2,183,425 38,548 56,230 22,337 363,417 28,546 12,. 581 88,200,418 1 17 86,626 26 85,986 82,467,214 $169,921 $89,482 ? 36 56 167 43 207 32 11 350 492 20 243 135 89 104 102 109 138 1,713 256 277 47 196 16 57 336 160 975 113 403 32 38 730 356 38 24 250 231 24 3,202 77 66 42 556 43 18,402 39,096 181,796 43,608 142,326 13,813 5,041 129,847 365,003 11,673 140,405 88,571 56,592 56,092 62,265 7,122 8,122 32,275 16,370 41,852 3,061 2,672 54,703 234,196 7,031 66,666 67,739 29,938 30,666 16,364 12,993 17,247 273,027 62,130 63,824 6,354 78,097 4,664 18,608 33,966 16,292 279,594 19,815 90,450 4,319 12,931 108,836 47,128 6,362 7,658 34,500 51,168 2,868 467,204 5,431 16,789 13,505 90,079 13.679 896 1,404 5,202 1,084 6,266 408 392 1,461 569 1,870 401 129 1,909 7,376 90 3,266 1,781 1,247 1,124 35 986 1,481 13,176 2,928 1,893 648 2,744 136 766 1,367 934 9,413 785 3,796 305 291 3,782 1,632 176 383 1,319 2,138 150 10,150 426 526 524 4,406 217 s 1 1 182 450 4 1 Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Indian Territory Indiana 6 ■ 7 - 8 480 1,906 10,066 466 4,678 3,435 1,810 2,466 1,142 1,685 2,453 16,030 4,498 1,046 552 6,946 372 710 2,633 2,886 20,897 1,349 6,349 516 1,600 11,337 1,140 648 245 2,001 2,494 100 22,196 1,080 1,407 1,169 3,769 1,136 q 3 2 272 162 10 11 2 540 1' 13 14 Kansas Kentucky Louisiana 16 16 17 50,862 IS 84,424 1,069,402 169,137 190,618 26,918 120,825 14,193 40,941 201,084 115,935 685,640 61,245 251,398 14,094 42,069 460,963 243,645 15,122 19,760 123,443 168,287 15,635 2,183,043 38,548 56,230 22,337 360,924 28,646 1 1 100 264 19 3 1,812 W Michigan ■'I 09 Mississippi 93 ?A ?5 Nebraska 9fi New Hampshire 97 New Jersey •>H 4 1,206 99 North Carolina 30 Ohio 31 Oldahoma 32 Oregon ■'? 1 1 1 400 646 260 5 1,346 34 Rhode Island 36 South Carolina 36 South Dakota 37 Tennessee - 2 962 1 100 38 Texas 39 4(1 Utah Vermont Virginia 3 900 1 2 17.1 382 41 42 Washington West Virginia Wisconsin 43 44 8 2,493 46 All other states GENERAL TABLES. :m STATES AXD TERRITORIES: 1905— t'untinuod. «iroui> !) — .^llRROItS— Continued. MISCELLAXEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST or MATERIALS USED. Prmcipjil iiial'Tinls. Rent of oinces, interest, etc. Contract work. S.;5,;52 $4. 100 u:.tS.f .7 10,0«3 I 30,KI1 24, .527 , 2,000 41,701 126,625 I 2,100 42,-!8( 65,01S \gi;regali' 701, si; 2 195.476 li 3S7.2-.S KW.ilHO i9s..;oi I 1,882,270 ' 311,01111 2SJ,77:i li 1!9.7.SI 425, .■!42 — 7~^ — ! Purehjist'd in ij\rll;ill\' Pure based in< maniiraeuinMl r;i w Stat ''■ fol u (incliid- "all other S3 1172 ini terials " 1 . 4,.r,o,„o^ iSLSoii " S4,<57,,532 1 \>ll(7 680,686 190,05',! Oil 189,999 317.700 n 1.37 317,0113 118,500 '!. 12S,,")(«I 191.109 191 199 1.S54.212 . 1,8,54,212 304,797 3(10 31)4, -.97 262,969 1 2(l-> 91-9 115,819 ' 300 115,519 413,583 I; 57,j 413,098 It of T and Mill I lili, 1,2., 7 --35 203 160 2,8711 710 185 1,708 Freight. 854, 170 Valiii' of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. li. ;0 2.839 16,052 500 212 11.1,022 "'3^398 Group 14.— MOUKIiS A!MB P.*TTEK1VS, NOT INt'l,l'D!>'ei IP.inC '.iT'TKRNS- Continued, :!1, U14 .829. 319 4,300 448 2,409 1,064 98 23, 1151 5,043 5. 389 560 887 830 21,792 715 1,219 135 300 12,309 9110 6,906 00,814 17,105 18,285 8211 13, 701 550 500 1,457 378 6,000 8,270 .. 2.7.39 .. 5,818 11,320 22.604 . 12,277 27, .5: .8 2,650 2,033 50.889 96,040 , 6,475 52, 175 61.9,58 25, 881 16,083 I 15, 177 ■( 8,769 11,963 120,430 ,39, 424 50,885 3,329 ' r,7,947 I 4,156 17,143 24,113 9,522 148,092 17,081 72,491 ! 3,498 11,140 ! 76,795 I 23,672 5,539 6,930 31,180 ! 40, ,526 2,618 227,445 3,325 13,550 j 11,372 81,087 4,627 3,018 2, 451 6, M8 1.009 12.004 1,653 1,350 117,391 15,280 1,.825 1,461 7,815 16,922 20, 684 207,413 i 30C 500 827 7,700 S22,081 33.1144 5,208 19,249 3. 82(1 82.310 14,495 2,11111 2,153 17.004 93,223 .5837,242 j 30,51(7 ' ^ 4,503 15,838 2,633 71,92o 83.3.50 8833,. 892 825, 566 36 101 44 .:os 321 836 58,055 113,064 10 418 2 707 20 833 25 1175 12, 1, 1, ll>, .S3. 5. 32^ 39, 306, 49, 101, 9, 2, 17, 23, .r.23 '. 905 ' . 9-S 396 j'. Ii28 5:14 7.58 Slii 2-5 108 918 113 265 613 30 519 4 503 15 83S •) 633 71 9211 12 323 1 9115 1 9'2S 16 396 3,175 83,1128 5,-37 7,. 51 14 32,758 39,816 3011,27 5 ^8,933 98,743 9,113 2,265 17,1113 23,7711 85 20 652 782 .014 990 .59 318] ,421 71)4 1,972 S,S22 2,343 4,327 1,443 751 2,915 1131 2, 339 29H 5,375 700 50 140 (1,078 2(.4 5-:il 2,8-:() 2,030 7,612 6,0.33 5,150 1,134 380 .87, 154_ 857 54 '. 325 1 101 1,100 138 Group 9 — MONUMENTS AND TOMBSTONES— Ci)::tinued. _S8^ 7.55. 417 19,9.59 114,93s 18), 4,9 87,717,453 17 .551 MFG — PT 1 — 07 1(1.399 15, 159 163, 430 11.57,400 18.235 343,168 i 206,909 ; 112,880 108,117 ! 93,909 I 50. 197 142,, 586 601,57(1 254,083 I 135,279 j 49,708 296,20(1 16,35(1 78, 5.30 ! 108,80(1 161,505 1,041,060 64, 160 468,074 13, 755 77,159 598, Ii82 97, 409 27,813 45,943 140,954 268, 629 13, 520 1,133,257 40,238 73,698 59, 631 345, 322 43, 542 —21 18,384 I 61,6'6 1 171,883 i 48,913 151,598 13,3(19 14,800 150,(184 5.57,779 53,664,311 17^485 314, 548 176,793 100,053 102, 483 73,142 43, 071 135,745 577,856 203, 320 110,880 48, 305 266,519 14,366 60,335 94,005 145,815 964, 2SS .59, 080 422, 042 11,073 73, 840 531,406 83, 130 26, 650 40,015 118,714 254,006 12, 600 969 729 36 747 69 162 54 145 279,669 1 37 220 15, 469 17,360 96,078 2(1,(104 07, 664 4,220 4,000 135,218 158, 488 13, 380 ] 141,290 , 53,552 27,258 54,113 4,250 j 22, 4(17 71,3(15 404, 195 i 122,298 I (15, 170 ] 28, 630 81,187 2,182 19,037 72,033 58,849 225, 748 34,260 132,471 1,350 20, 290 210,879 71,679 13,600 27, 760 84, 560 72,057 9,085 856, 301 16,262 27, 100 13,950 75,952 4,000 Ji4,053,142 ^"IVJTT 4J,2S!1 75,905 22.. 309 83.934 9,149 10,800 15, 466 399,291 4,105 173,258 123, 241 72, 795 ■8, 370 (8.892 20.604 (14,. 380 173,661 81,022 -:5.710 [l 19,675 185, 332 12,184 i; 40,698 i! 21,972 86,966 738,540 24,8.30 289,571 9,723 63,560 320, 527 11,461 13,050 12,255 34, 154 181,949 3,575 113,368 20, -85 42,062 ' 40, 196 203,717 33,220 3188,715 .5105.731 62 373 148 2,887 2,609 870 2,001 1,272 17 50 I '875' (1, 646 2 121 9.53 2, (i25 1 421 354 2,963 1 019 485 1,133 873 241 782 173 2,092 240 1,535 1,270 25 700 1,639 .399 115 3.5,718 9 639 19,4.18 281 1(13 1,7,57 2,9115 530 85 1,635 6,7(15 1,874 2,567 (10 3, 972 2,824 806 7,4.32 1,104 897 194 9,239 9,936 17b 1,260 1,459 1,439 60 41, 580 766 124 164 11,875 210 240 1,954' 950 150 120 310 2,221 "56,'364' 300 172 318 2,761 100 9 410 I 1,321 35 Oil 40 10 194 251 24,3,58 3S(.) 1,5' 1,926 .899 1 40 12 895 101 633 863 50 12 2111 23 137 50 460 ' 130 992 1.135 434 l:J7 ,.520 149 134 j 7 22 310 [ 293 1,234 2,911 12,9,52 15,297 1 16,327 2,8,50 350 6,812 1 89,901 750 24, 220 26, (1.59 11, ',53 3,8011 16,900 5, 131 ■1,(188 18,915 44,3-5 8,800 960 24,649 1,360 16, ,520 6, 467 12,735 57,721 3, ,8,5(1 36,175 1,750 2, (100 63, ,301. 2.782 800 4, 638 20.277 10,712 800 41,2.5(i 2,045 4,240 4,999 49,091 6,010 87,(105,435 1 1,407,900 ' 2 313, ..51. 3 '82,i;(.l 4 2,52, 775 6 348,084 2,892,449 ! 7 524,158 8 547, (.(.6 9 167.447 : 10 11(18,809 I 11 84, ,545, 004 173, 164 ; 2 32,776 3 132,(185 I 4 36.400 ' 5 539, 3117 6 98,586 ' 7 11,5'0 8 9, l:;0 i 9 58.933 10 470,341 ' 11 1.5,134 : 12 41,674 ' 13 176,360 ! 14 222,964 : 15 1.261.3,59 16 3,511,392 ! 17 ,533,035 j 18 65, 537 19 21,080 1 20 110,, 522 I 21 .525, (188. (107 174,711. 3 639,799 4 197,444 5 472,884 6 47,166 7 31,890 8 523, 794 9 1,612,164 10 48, 125 11 764, 155 12 483,913 13 304, 094 14 272, 429 15 211,037 16 172,623 17 .347,043 18 2,(151,289 19 7 14. .509 20 552. 121 21 ri(i, .300 22 (153.818 23 51.270 24 205. 0(14 25 400, 405 26 417.571 2,007,844 180,242 1,126,483 45, 100 189, 660 1,614,490 464, 322 67, 463 97,074 394,975 624, 205 41,560 4,615, ,379 121,295 201,243 1 42 136,1.8(1 43 1,007,044 44 99,167 45 30 31 32 33 34 35 39 40 41 322 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY . 3 10 4 3 19 3 5 3 17 '15 12 17 9,200 408,779 10, 100 77,500 1,191,084 1,900 6,065 14, 100 289, 792 86,280 243, 523 91,988 4, 500 1,700 1,050 38. 255 675 7,500 39,276 1,100 2,235 4,150 89, 310 29,930- 28, 201 16,400 1,950 370,524 6,000 70,000 1,105,007 600 3,330 5,750 118,670 48, 225 153,993 44, 438 2 7 1 3 12 2 3 2 12 5 7 11 16 239 10 . 50 325 26 16 35 402 90 155 181 3 illinois 4 1,200 2,225 5 Maryland fi Massachusetts 15,150 50 31.651 150 ,500 1,200 50, 212 4,826 30, 629 20,350 7 8 Missouri : 9 3,000 31,600 3,300 30, 700 10,800 in 11 Ohio - 12 13 All other states 1 . Group 14 — MUSlCAl, IIMSXRUJUEIMTS AND JTIATERIAL.S, NOT SPECIFIED. (See also special report on Musical instruments.) United States California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Washington Wisconsin All other states 2 . . . S3, 743, 469 9,010 4,700 640, 549 445, 374 9,375 143, 280 77, 794 5,100 23,334 892, 134 1,224,538 44,861 180, 783 1,460 5,430 36, 757 S97,402 j S318, 408 3,000 50 10,250 13,800 928 3,100 3,875 29,234 13,066 8,500 600 5(100 1,.500 250 43, 700 44, 660 3,075 6,435 8.676 144, 819 25, 800 75 23,200 270 16.159 S693, 193 470 1,500 129,969 58,609 2,060 40, 712 12,224 1,750 3,584 148, 469 231,997 16, 248 35,031 600 ■ 3, 100 $2,634,466 4,040 2,900 450, 630 328,415 7,326 98, 666 56, 036 3,360 7,300 569,622 953, 676 28,538 114,052 850 1,560 7,608 92 1,631 3 2,55 125 2 197 70 11 7 373 430 75 Group 14. MUSICAL, INSTRUMENTS, ORGANS. (See also Musical instruments, pianos; Musical instruments, piano and organ materials; and special report on Musical instruments.) United States. Connecticut Illinois Indiana Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Michigan New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states 3 ,203,1 157, 292 1,026,052 97,311 266, 000 174,280 823,737 1,026,429 178, 788 317, 232 788,012 2, 349, 745 $293, 428 16, 600 44, 260 16,500 21 , 800 U,600 18,700 14,519 18, 600 14, 800 50,100 72, 159 $758, 104 $663,852 28,700 18, 156 134, 434 98,799 26, 500 21,668 70,200 49,000 29,500 12,050 .53, 233 79,823 79,242 94,463 28,400 27,230 36,351 17,266 88, 606 37,882 182,938 207, 526 86, 488, 494 94,936 748, 569 . 32,643 125, 000 126,230 671,981 837, 205 104.658 248, 826 611, 424 1,887,122 4,454 3 100 12 998 3 114 3 320 3 124 10 403 3 518 7 94 6 154 7 399 16 1,230 Group 14. MUSICAI. INSTRUMENTS, PIANOS. (See also Musical instruments, organs; Musical instruments, piano and organ materials; and special report on Musical instruments.) cui,», piauu au« United States California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ^ . . . 104 14 17 10 $49, 649, 135 66, 770 3,049,226 14,908,172 2,619,979 168, 276 1,667,555 5, 749, 266 1,190,809 27, 610 1, 368, 220 15,604,312 1,631,907 1,498,346 409,788 $3, 083, 605 8,000 51, 702 766, 209 31, 626 6,916 75, 270 518, 565 34, 770 74,000 1,361,975 71,908 62, 646 20,118 .?3. 032, 643 4,800 386, 617 1,820,096 418,490 10,500 171,652 432,667 133, 186 177,380 1,380,229 198,049 201,104 41,220 4,852 189,029 712, 443 287,618 47, 432 68,799 360, 954 46, 768 1,850 347, 661 713,984 184,838 60,892 25,523 $38,156,897 48,118 2,421,877 11.609.424 1,782,345 93,428 1,261,834 4,447,080 976,085 25,660 769, 179 12,048,124 1,177,112 1,173,704 322,927 176 19, 280 2 13 8 1,043 32 5,764 6 2,332 1 222 3 806 17 1,825 6 517 1 26 4 1,308 64 3,871 13 968 14 609 5 76 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado 2; Connecticut, 1; District of Columbia, 1; Indian Territory,l; Iowa V Minnesota ■'■ Nebraskn 2 Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 1; South Carolina, 1; Tennessee, 1; Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 2. ^uwa, 1, miimesoia, i, iNeorasKa, ^; 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 2; Georgia,!; Iowa, 2; Kentucky,!; Louisiana,!; Nebraska,!; Oregon 1 '' GENERAL TABLES. 323 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 14 mUCILAGE; ANI> PASTE. (See also Glue.) Proprie- tors and Srin mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNEES. Aggregate. Officers oj corporations. General superintendents, managers. clerks, etc. Women. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Number. Salaries. Number. 26 Salaries. S51.445 Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Saljirics. 100 158 $165,098 132 $114,553 83 $90, 225 49 $24,328 579 431 1 1 8 3 1 17 5 5 4 17 U 12 16 1 1.200 33 24,747 ■:> 1 ino 1 32 2 10 23 1 1 1 22 14 16 9 1,200 24,342 1,100 12,308 26,006 50 900 1,200 21,782 8,769 9,723 7,173 1 16 2 8 16 1,200 15,978 1,100 11,696 21,587 4 86 9 11 100 9 11 9 126 90 79 45 4 66 7 8 91 7 8 8 105 40 56 32 9 1 405 16 8,364 3 4 12 32 1 1 1 27 18 21 Q 14.708 51,406 50 900 1,200 29,182 15,969 18,363 7,173 2 9 2,400 25,400 2 7 1 612 4,419 60 5 6 7 1 1 14 11 7 6 900 1,200 17,334 7,435 5,726 6,070 8 9 5 4 o 7,400 7,200 8,640 8 3 9 3 4,448 1,334 3,998 1,103 10 U 12 11 Group 14.— Ml'SICAl, INSTRUMENTS AND MATERIA1.S, NOT SPECIFIED. (See also special report on Musical Instruments.) 190 226 $251,766 43 $73,807 182 $177,959 128 $156,167 54 $21,792 2,593 1,584 1 4 3 "3 4 21 9 4 3 7 62 4 23 3 3 10 5 3 596 328 3 157 136 8 27 623 545 21 131 1 2 8 4 1 41 39 1,000 51,499 42,790 1 30 36 1,000 32,970 41,542 1 28 14 1,000 31,930 33,050 2 3 11 3 18,529 1.248 2 22 1,040 8,492 171 290 2 120 76 1 24 382 380 16 107 1 2 6 4 5 7 14 1 2 55 49 4 10 9,696 10,432 260 1,060 62,330 60,659 3,911 7,609 5 2 8,500 2,400 2 12 1 2 49 36 2 9 \ 1,196 8,032 260 1,060 49,330 35,329 1,511 5,109 2 5 1,196 1,738 7 7 1 1 39 30 1 5 6,294 250 900 45,246 32,637 1,140 3,600 8 q 1 10 6 1 4 150 4,084 2,692 371 1,609 in 6 13 2 1 13,000 25, 230 2,400 2,500 11 12 13 14 15 IR 2 640 2 640 i , 120 i 520 17 Group 14. -MIjSICAIi instruments, ORCiANS. (See also Musical instruments, pianos; Musical instruments, piano and ' organ materials; and special report on Musical instruments.) S7 323 $372,362 31 $119,996 272 $252,366 206 $218,638 66 $33,828 4,111 3,112 1 4 2 3 8 6 4 17 6 9 21 14 53 5 12 10 42 51 7 19 27 83 13,801 69,512 5,300 14,972 9,746 56, 223 57,051 8,730 17,360 27,178 92.489 2 16 1 3,600 31,900 2,600 12 38 4 12 10 33 46 7 16 22 73 10,201 37,612 2,700 14,972 9,746 33,763 41, 651 8,730 13,616 14,211 65, 164 7 27 3 10 8 22 43 7 9 17 63 6,686 30,928 2,400 14,060 9,018 26,944 40,599 8,730 10,786 12,168 56,319 5 11 1 2 2 11 3 3,615 6,684 300 912 728 l'i,S19 1.0.52 115 570 56 206 166 683 519 137 231 343 1,095 94 474 29 140 124 484 279 88 179 262 969 2 3 4 :: :: : fi 9 5 22,460 15,400 7 8 9 4 5 10 3,744 12,967 27,325 6 5 20 2,830 2,043 8,845 10 11 12 Group 14 MUSICAL. INSTRUMENTS, PIANOS. (See also Musical instruments, organs; Musical Instruments, piano and organ materials; and special report on Musical instruments.) 137 2,068 $2,846,686 297 81,020,923 1,771 $1,826,762 1,498 $1,690,475 273 $135,287 24,249 18,018 1 4 3 68 645 175 3 67 210 31 1 53 671 66 55 30 2,675 121, 722 761,417 182,021 3,808 117,345 308,025 52,500 800 65,011 1,03(?,747 94,777 76,455 29,382 1 16 67 20 375 47, 605 213,543 53,440 2 53 678 165 3 55 174 26 1 50 560 45 48 21 2,300 74,117 547,874 128,581 3,808 87,345 151,047 31,500 800 62,311 , 621,609 46,393 69,855 19,222 2 43 492 125 2 62 134 19 1 43 498 34 38 15 2,300 69, 317 502,982 116,229 3,388 85,993 132,323 28,180 800 47, 814 687,796 41,693 56,491 16,270 28 1,347 6,913 1.407 213 522 2,403 504 26 933 • 8,044 934 791 185 21 950 5,664 938 148 464 1,794 454 21 619 6,433 784 593 145 7. 10 86 30 1 3 40 7 4,800 44,892 13,362 420 1,352 18,724 3,320 3 9 1 3 5 7 5 3 4 79 2 11 4 4 5 fi 2 36 5 30,000 156,978 21,000 7 8 9 10 3 111 21 7 9 12,700 409, 138 49,384 16, 600 10, 160 7 62 11 10 6 4,497 33,814 3,800 3,364 2,952 11 12 13 14 15 3 Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 4; Delaware, 1; Iowa, 1; Kansas, 2; Maine. 1; Minnesota, 2; Missouri, 2; New Jersey, 3; Rhode Island, 1; Vermont, 2; Virginia, 1: Wisconsin, 2. I . ' Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 1; Louisiana, 1; Maine, 1; Missouri, 2; Nebraska, 1; New Hampshire, 2; West Virginia, 1; Wiscon- sin, 1. 324 MANUFACTURES. Table 5. -SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Oroup 14 Mi:fIL,AGE AND PASTE— Continued. WAGE-EARNEES AND "WAGES. Total. STATE OR TERRITORY. 1 United States 2 ' California 3 ! Illinois ■1 Indiana 5 MarjMand Massaehusi'tts 7 Michiiran 8 MLssouil 9 New -Jersey 10 New York 11 Ohio 12 Pennsylvania 13 I All otlier states .\verago nnml)er. 470 Wages. .S2.37.349 3 2.048 74 32.,Si;3 7 2.025 9 4.069 94 CI. 003 S 2,820 9 5,105 s 4,0.57 lor; 55,831 .50 18,128 ijii 33,2.54 oli 1.5.044 Men 10 years and over. Average number. 3 ; 64 \ $212,346 Women 16 years and Children under 10 over. years. Average waees Average '■ w„„„s 2,048 675 1,069 1,005 :,270 i, 105 1,370 1.221 j 1.268 I 1.316 i .,006 ' 18 4 4,522 950 2 1 350 400 2 1.S9S 550 j... 1 100 ■ 537 : 3,460 3,360 0,118 638 150 150 ) . .S2U MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. 5343,754 " 10, 890 30,333 7.394 25, 709 142.777 .502 980 1)29 04,5.30 17,986 30,909 11,115 Rent of works. 140 9,175 100 1,400 12,020 325 658 420 S.331 2. 7ns 2.0S.S 1,21S Taxes, not including internal revenue. SO. 382 33 1,049 44 39 2,074 27 47 59 1,242 451 Oroup 14.— .III'SKML INSTKUIMENTS AND JT1ATEK1AL.S, NOT SPECIFIED— Continued. United States. California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Washington Wisconsin - . All other states 2.139 491 2S3 1.30 109 4 405 4liS 19 120 1 2,850 1,396 301 , 604 125,047 1,320 77,512 49,075 2,300 14,338 251,385 250,908 10,659 65. 206 1,000 1,440 6.028 472 252 1, 297, 115, 9 1 120 72 105 47 4 2 25 14 327 211 432 238 17 10 S60, 612 109 26 2 1,314 9,337 4, 593 1,100 34,168 9, 736 364 311,612 2,886 208 5,390 2,636 492 fiS9 266 60, 634 85, 796 860 21,843 11,459 733 3,908 89,618 109,133 11,059 29,045 577 766 4.449 0.325 424 340 1.708 Ui-oiip 14.-1UI^SI<'A1, INSTRUMENTS, ORGANS- Continued. 1 United States. 2 Connecticut S I Illinois 4 ! Indiana 5 Kentucky I Maryland 7 ; Massachusetts 8 Mieltigan 9 New York 10 { Ohio 1 1 Pennsylvania 12 All other states 3.623 106 608 41 172 148 41.2 102 205 S2. 034. 559 67,067 314,230 16,132 85,116 72,485 365,194 229, 11.59 71.437 10.';.97.5 157,423 547.. S41 3.503 51,993,647 $1,914 100 499 41 172 147 529 435 100 188 309 992 64,763 ,S11 VI4 16 132 86 116 72 303 35(1 76S 22(1 531 70 937 103 603 1.5(1 603 63(1 067 61 I 2,106 I 2,016 ! 500 21 8,114 27 9, 128 2 500 17 6,312 2 378 28 11,444 182 312 3S2 330 Group 14 — MlISIfAI. INSTRUIttENTS, PIANOS-Continued. United .States. California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Ah other states 21,002 $12,170,251 17 1,109 i;,2iK 1,190 188 497 2,1.50 4,S7 23 821 11.466 845 703 100 14.0119 04S, 084 3,279.418 014, (i73 103,315 283,927 1,374,662 251,968 16,600 456, 373 4,188,926 473,511 367,937 97,688 17 1,057 5,944 1,150 174 491 2,114 482 23 742 831 676 164 811,966.149 14,669 610,928 3,200,770 699, 673 101,287 283, 147 1,. 359, 368 2.50, 468 15,000 425, 7.33 4,166,617 469, 121 361,500 97,208 90 136 46 $150,912 31,589 40, 664 15,000 14,635 1,500 20,315 3, 366 864 280 857, 190 6,107 38,084 2,028 780 659 1,994 1,025 5, 613 2,S 597 ■5, 515 7,274 5. 305 o. 7,S0 1.640 4.007 2,440 I 1.215 130, 163 22,266 3,172 200, 102 4,700 5, 570 20,974 0.233 734 1 23,062 750 02(1 , 37,585 1,.522 1,204 ! 275, 923 9, 079 4,7.50 .S5. 632. 420 4,200 241,480 1,464,899 201,759 7,816 278, 388 011,104 96,735 3,823 60,925 2,122,342 260, 461 143,476 34,947 $469, 576 534 ',7S7 - 20(i 416 i 691 i GENERAL TABLES. STATES -VXD TERRITORIES; 190.5— Continued. Group 14.— MVCII.AGE ANM PASTE— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent of ofiices, interest, etc. 10,717 20, 109 7, 250 24,2:0 125.233 150 150 54, 757 14,827 25. SS7 il. 278 Contract woriv. Aggregate. 5.942 6J;45 37. 815 1,213,255 4, .H05 14, 681 20, 730 251,267 78, 198 325,031 69, 694 COST OF MATERIALS USED. Principal materials. rnreliasod in raw stati'. S434, 518 5,785 263,679 6,415 37,297 1, 200, 273 4,525 14,078 20,075 235.080 75, 621 320, 982 63,971 108, 33S 12,000 27, 280 7,000 151, 700 1,450 I'uivhasi'd in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other njaterials"). 81,813,263 5,785 155,341 6, 415 37, 297 1,073,623 4,525 14.078 8,075 207,. 800 68,621 169, 2,S2 62,521 Fili'l. Rent of power and Mill sup- Freight. tieat. $22,986 .58, 205 S4,441 .517,212 67 2, 643 70 550 20 l,:i6(i 4,324 230 468 3,171 50 112 5,295 4,404 30 250 587 350 16 .55 250 .8, 7(v 1,020 1,190 5, 210 1,842 460 135 140 2. 082 560 1,347 60 2, 749 150 2,824 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. S3, 556, 423 23,019 2 427,047 3 30, 500 4 93,000 5 1,660,914 9, 600 7 27,264 34,500 I 9 460,787 ! 10 143,492 ' 11 472,768 , 12 173,632 j 13 Group 14.— MUSICAl, INSTKlIMElVrS ANIJ ITIAXEKIALiS, NOT SPECIFIED— Continued. 5338.324 51.042 1 51.129.939 $1,070,425 S8, 405 51.062.020 522. 801 818,907 58,019 59, 7.S7 "58 2.170 1.825 206,948 .87,6.56 930 93. 276 35.097 881 13.082 317. .852 303, 115 1 12,818 1 1 .;3.497 383 1,276 9,133 1 2, 120 1,764 194.9I',4 81,752 774 89, 148 31,212 760 12,474 306,034 287,610 10, 866 .40,498 345 1,200 8,906 2,120 1, 764 192,964 81,112 86, 172 31.212 760 12,474 305,984 285, 222 10, 566 40, 496 295 1,200 8,906 50 115 I 2i 6,069 3,787 51 2,320 920 15 349 4, 858 2,221 390 1,651 38 16 95 40 2,929 ISO 75 1.375 1.257 106 60 2, 720 S, 706 280 990 ,8.57 1,923 5 526 110 2, 340 1,643 54 281 33,356 83,110 410 .... 12. .5' 12 N. 932 115 95 2,000 640 1 2,976 2, 129 14 25 1.56 1,182 oO.i ^ 70.1 89 .84.1.-8 ...- 77.ST< 8, , . 9 565' 50 2,388 300 1,900 .2,935 1,228 79 130 < 50 3 lO 60 129 •^.3:8 3 . .53,481,710 1 8,145 2 0,250 3 674,3.0 4 351,832 5 7,110 6 259, 445 7 123,912 8 9, 125 tf 47,744 10 862,886 11 888,423 12 30,049 13 173, 215 14 4.247 15 r.,200 16 28, 75* 17 Group 14 MlISICAIi HVSTKILIIENT.S, ORGANS— Continne S4, .57.5, 963 1,971 216,514 1,278,695 156, 783 6,516 269, 670 454, 247 88,366 3,015 39, 675 l,6i;6,9.59 230, 235 133.877 29, 437 5724 .899 518,038 52,068,638 I 81,950,055 $1,9.50.0.55 .566, 784 59,970 510,997 .530, 832 $6,041,844 1 26 423 54,945 368,115 21,797 112, 477 64,385 218.723 310.455 la. 818 104,070 166,288 .583,. 565 50,278 50, 278 346, 664 19, 474 106, 701 61,052 208, 243 290, 675 59, 651 100, 287 167, 686 650,344 i 1,739 12, 4.56 1,675 5,223 '_. 9.52 8,614 7,798 .- 1, 179 1,420 5,875 .. 19,. 8.53 000 4,435 .50 228 l,7lil 45 1,2.53 186 1,045 180 334 369 1,496 4.100 2,100 2,799 5.53 300 2,070 305 11, 802 1,430 1,514 1,231 6,728 190.040 992,612' .53. 191 256, 112 206, 285 800,991 824,777 208, 338 306,270 463, 513 1,749,715 57,253 3,336 12 450 1,463 3,600 346,664 il 3 19,474 4 105, 701 11,800 80 500 226" 1,.500 4, 875 5,800 61,052 510 ""i,"224 480 6 208,243 ' 7 1.S9 8'^ti 290, 675 8 13 7S7 59,651 9 100,2,87 10 ■^ 9^4 157, 686 11 5.50, 344 2. .540 !■' Group 14 WlISIOAIi INSTKUMENTS, PIANOS-Continued. 5294, 189 519,587,770 9,096,260 350 71,923 36,500 120, 824 1,911 16,016 976, 515 4, 503, 165 861,763 131,926 179, 825 1,851,940 381,320 28, 474 535,920 8,461,342 988,814 479, 409 191,341 15,287 935, 493 4,3.53,753 823, 889 129,354 172. 536 l,79li,892 367,, 599 26, 137 512, 885 8, 352, ,581 966, 469 458,964 183, 421 519.095,260 15,287 935, 493 4, 363, 763 823, 889 129,354 172, 536 1,796,892 367, .599 26, 137 512,885 8,352,581 966, 469 458,964 183,421 5304,217 92,306 32, 814 2, 166 6.354 38. 614 6, 107 1.087 4, 852 62.192 14,198 12, 296 1,748 .5li3.524 229 1,170 8,799 1,210 360 11,647 14, 706 1,415 160 2,200 2,849 26, 428 4,985 331 4,020 4.525 50 3.019 12,985 2,210 1,2.58 134 582, 873 320 7,695 21,879 75 75 210 11,204 2,729 1,200 3,517 18, 878 4,522 6, 731 3,838 546,922,471 44, 146 2,684,973 11,332,507 2, 216, 804 248,972 1,182,330 5,312,244 1,016,824 55, 245 1,188,051 17,954,219 1,965,097 1,303,029 418,030 326 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14.— Mt'SICAIi HVSTRUOTENTS, PIANO AND ORGAN MATEKIALiS. (See also ITIusioal instruments, organs; JHusical instruments, pianos; and special report on musical instruments.) STATE OR TERRITORY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 101 $11,628,897 $1,159,848 $1,858,768 $1,766,829 $6,843,452 86 9,563 Connecticut 6 7 24 3 6 42 5 8 2,019,779 536, 466 1,733,215 147,846 153,897 5,339,886 1,407,418 290,400 83,900 69, 336 120,060 7,191 5,500 794,689 75,923 13,260 193, 147 58,301 280,610 57,000 31,302 1,033,046 156,000 50,462 196, 666 120,936 236, 647 32,036 43, 706 836,622 243,262 67,965 1,546,076 297, 884 1,096,008 51,619 73,390 2,676,629 933,233 168,713 6 6 21 3 6 34 4 . 6 1,441 1,443 1,500 293 413 2,637 1,171 656 S 4 Maasacliusetts 1 6 7 R Ohio q Group 10.— NEEDIiES, MNS, AND HOOKS AND EYES. (See also special report on Needles, pins, and hoolcs and eyes.) United States . Connecticut New Hampshire New York Pennsylvania All other states ^ $5,331,939 2,834,893 227, 767 266, 409 1,328,787 674,083 $75,847 34,700 14,600 600 250 25,797 $390,088 251, 186 35,409 7,800 1,200 94, 493 563,904 66,183 109,300 221,422 219, 377 $3,685,818 1,985,103 111,675 148, 709 1, 105, 916 334, 416 2,840 2,029 274 Group 3.— NETS AND SEINES. (See also Cordage and tnrlne; Hammocks.) 1 United States 12 $2,043,405 j $207, Q73 $169,741 $417,916 $1,258,076 9 260 9 3 3 6 363,231 1,461,559 218,615 ; 160,000 47,673 60,000 99, 741 83,300 215,000 119,615 59,931 1,099,145 99,000 2 3 4 12 220 28 ^ \ All other states ^ . Group 2 OAKirm. United States ^ . $488,502 $39,808 $40,644 $86,050 $322,000 367 Group 8.— Olli, CASTOR. United States'-. $626,018 $40,000 $214,327 $360,6 Group 8.— Olli, COTTONSEED AND CAKE. (See also special report on Cottonseed products.) United States Alabama Arlcansas Florida Georgia Indian Territory. . . Louisiana Mississippi Missouri North Carolina Oklahoma South Carolina. . ... Tennessee - - Texas All other states*... 58 42 3 112 14 61 91 4 43 10 100 20 157 10 $73,770,417 5,168,939 4, 106, 585 241,904 11,627,007 1,454,984 8,686,711 8, 551, 910 766, 773 3,118,343 1, 135, 171 5, 177, 178 2,913,999 14,179,688 6,743,225 $4,352,919 251,324 207,811 23, 648 937, 602 76,375 378, 479 442,208 99, 800 211,888 67, 450 228, 727 373, 297 749, 596 305, 816 -515,091,808 1,053,769 1,030,008 50,057 1,700,948 353, 176 1,607,765 1,947,832 120, 577 708, 515 248, 114 963,348 643, 176 3,826,948 938, 675 $32,232,588 2,206,742 2, 110, 053 120, 202 4,178,380 718,345 3,268,647 4, 103, 880 267, 247 1,463,2S3 508,907 2,796,459 1,178,115 7,326,194 1,986,134 $22,093,102 1,667,104 767, 713 47,997 4,710,177 308,088 3,431,820 2,057,990 278, 149 734, 657 310, 700 1,188,644 819,411 2,277,951 3, 612, 701 714 58 42 3 112 14 51 91 4 43 10 100 20 157 9 152,667 12,919 10, 105 635 21, 170 3,225 13,238 20,664 1,232 7,969 2,838 14,541 6,631 34,002 3,598 1 Includes establisliments distributed as follows: Caiitomia, 2; Indiana, 2; New Hampshire, 2; Pennsylvania, 1; Vermont 1 ^Includes establishments distributed as follows: California,!; Illinois,!; Massachusetts, 3; Michigan, 2; Missouri 1- New Jersey ''■ Vermont ■'■ Wiseonsin 1 'Includes establishments distributed as follows: Connecticut, 1; Kentucky, 1; Maryland, 1; Ohio, 1; Pennsylvania, 1- Washington 1 '"' GENERAL TABLES. 327 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190,5— Continued. Group 14.-raUSICAI. INSTKITMENTS, PIANO AND ORGAN MATERIALS. (See also musical Instruments, organs; Musical Instruments, pianos; and special report on Musical instruments.) Proprie- tors and Arm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEEKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNERS. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 79 331 • 3508,883 80 $215,521 251 S293,362 224 3279,060 27 $14,302 9,368 7,280 1 2 2 24 5 2 37 2 5 44 41 40 2 12 148 31 13 104,303 55,094 64,301 3,600 12,115 216,846 38,264 14,360 12 8 14 59,300 11,636 33,360 32 33 26 2 6 118 26 8 45,003 43,458 30,941 3,600 6,385 130,531 26,364 7,080 28 31 22 2 5 105 24 7 42,283 41,980 29,047 3,600 6,350 123,297 25,523 6,980 4 2 4 2,720 1,478 1,894 1,452 829 1,571 129 349 3,303 1,336 399 1,062 662 1,374 98 251 2,666 888 279 2 3 \ 6 30 5 5 5,730 86,315 11,900 7,280 1 13 2 1 35 7,234 841 100 6 7 8 9 Group 10.— NBEDIiJES, FINS, AND HOOKS AND BYTES. (See also special report on Needles, pins, and hooks and eyes.) 31 200 $252,818 3.5 $100,558 165 $152,260 116 $128,210 49 $24,050 j 5,646 3,732 1 7 130 157,881 19 63,400 111 104, 481 80 88,940 31 16,541 2,446 2,210 2 1 11 12,119 4 6,058 7 6,061 4 6,168 3 • 893 404 302 3 8 13 19, 476 3 10,000 10 9,476 7 7,860 3 1,616 1,673 251 4 6 14 30,122 2 18,600 12 11,622 7 9,022 6 2,600 297 287 5 9 32 33,220 7 12,600 25 20,620 18 17,220 7 3,400 826 682 8 Group 2.— NETS AND SEINES. (See also Cordage and twine; Hammocks.) 6 68 $101,948 15 $42,450 43 S.59,498 38 $56,348 6 $3,160 948 729 1 1 16 34 8 19,300 71,648 11,000 5 7 3 9,700 27,750 6,000 11 27 5 9,600 43,898 6,000 9 24 5 8,400 41,948 6,000 2 3 1,200 1,960 111 707 130 81 601 47 2 5 4 Group 2 OAKUM. $14,050 6 $8,700 $6,350 $5,350 126 Group 8.— OH., CASTOR. $27,294 $16,581 $10,713 $10,113 $600 Group 8.— OIIj, COTTONSEED AND CAKE. (See also special report on Cottonseed products.) 63 3,229 $3,062,157 588 $815,292 2,641 $2,246,865 2,606 $2,231,216 1 35 $15,660 32,303 16,651 1 17 3 281 210 14 498 54 307 461 22 157 55 341 118 614 107 253,904 197,467 12,393 472,261 56,137 311,673 464,713 22,908 122,963 53,667 232,675 138,486 577,608 155,312 53 30 5 90 7 44 69 7 46 9 125 22 68 13 72,968 44,716 6,100 117,447 10,050 86,182 100,370 8,500 41,092 13,300 79,471 63,377 104,671 77,049 228 180 9 408 47 263 382 16 111 46 216 96 546 94 180,936 1.52,7.52 6,293 354,814 46,087 225,491 354,343 14, 408 81,871 40,357 153,204 86,109 472,9.37 78,263 227 180 9 399 46 260 379 14 111 44 214 94 641 88 180,816 , 152,752 t... 1 120 3,071 2,076 122 4,607 653 3,143 4,932 236 1,696 468 2,642 1,442 6,488 828 1,724 934 95 2,468 306 1,303 2,421 90 783 196 970 876 4,172 313 2 6,293 ^ 11 351,146 45,087 223,761 353,168 13,688 81,871 9 1 3 3 1 3,668 1,000 1,730 • 1,176 720 6 6 4 6 7 8 n 3 1 3 ! 10 39,037 162,644 84,664 1 470,753 75,536 2 2 2 5 6 1,320 560 446 2,184 2,728 11 12 13 16 14 15 < Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 2; Connecticut, 1; Maine, 1; Maryland, 1; New Jersey, 1. 6 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Missouri, 2; New Jersey, 1; Tennessee, 1. ^Includes establishments distributed as follows: Illinois, 2; Kentucky, 3; New Jersey, 1; Ohio, 1; Rhode Island, 1; Virginia,; 328 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY (L'.roup 1 l.-HI'SirAl, INSTKI^MEIVTS, PIANO AND ORGAN MATEKIALS— Co:-.Unued. STATE OR TEKEITOKV. United States. Connecticut Illinoi.s Massachusetts. Michigan 6 New ,Tf-|-srv... 7 I Nfw York 8 ! Ohio 9 I All other state number. " ''»'- 1,308 621,003 7.32 I 338,021 1,463 748, .501 120 : 54,910 289 3,046 1,160 338 104,798 1,664, .577 ri22,550 167,908 "\V,\GE-E.\RNEES AND WAGES. Men 16 years and over. Average number. 7,-566 1,152 594 1,198 120 2,7.59 1,154 337 .54,075,1 Women 16 years and over. Average number. 656 ,575.. II 16 300,789 668,782 54,9iu 90,754 1,. 596, 613 621,. 387 l{i7,206 151 l.K 224 \Vages. Children under 10 years. A\erage number. 44, 188 37,232 71,920 15 5,.S35 121 36,885 6 1,163 1 702 S48,636 799 i 8,209 31,079 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. S787, 475 159,363 37,686 138, 429 9,683 21,230 267,241 112,096 41,747 Rent of works. 2,969 11,165 1,020 5,568 44,008 13,153 1,740 Taxes, not including internal revenue. .558,200 8,369 2,558 10,272 610 24,856 8,329 2,612 (ii-oiip 10.— NEEUIiES, PINS, AND HOOKS AND EYES— Continued. 1 United States 1 . .1 3,965 SI,. 595, 923 1,862 81,031,141 1,800 S.522,379 243 ! 1 . 542,403 S.587,471 8123,6.55 819,133 ? .' 2,326 .: 353 260 288 738 1,0.55,149 127,020 81,6.86 63,491 268,577 1,233 189 75 40 325 718,481 ,82,104 4,., 876 2;',, 370 161,310 9115 159 185 188 363 311,492 43,546 35,810 33,338 9S, 193 128 5 i'o' 50 25,176 1,370 9,074 420,085 8,190 39,678 71,742 47,776 106,589 640 4,780 9,430 2,216 12,026 982 893 20 5,212 3 New Hampshire 4 New York 6 All other states United st-ites. Illinois Massachusetts. Alt other statrjs «;ro[ip 2.— \ETS AND SKINES— Continued- S243.."ol .30 7r,,") 1.S7 648 25 134 84 555,640 7111 ' .51.83,219 24 54,(192 '1 S136,425 $12,960 i $12,367 19 10,1100 41,354 3,6811 ; 70 581 65 20,169 141,744 21,306 .. . . 27,814 95,222 13,389 1,340 i 8,104 3,516 2,0.59 9,289 1,019 56 9 23 1 4,. 5,50 142 United States. Oroiin 2 OAKC'M— Continued. 124 J46,390 17 S2,39i S1.56 S400 51,5(14 United States. <;roiii> S.— Oil,, TASTOIS-Continued. 549,927 .52,088 «iirou[> S.-OIl,, COTTONSEED AND CAKE-Cimtinue'] United States Alabama .Vrkans IS Florida Georgia Indian Territory 12 ! South Carolina. 13 Teiines.^iie 14 ' Texas 15 All other states 54,831,, 5.58 320,1.53 244.690 1,1119,39,- 172,275 S4,,58S 1,079 500 204 31,541 216 70 300 503 299 54,8110,: 60 100 I 367,078 .307,165 14,683 (134,997 578,052 7(i0,483 25,436 1.50,329 76,235 266,. 5.56 235.(111 979, 80,' 372,292 .524,2-.3 4,200 2,150 4,000 250 ,626 7,600 1,160 33,021 29,927 1,646 (.6,2,53 8,311 83,237 97,377 I3/J37 31,674 21,573 94,875 21,356 GENERAL TABLES. :!'_>9 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued, Wroup 1-1.— MUSICAL INSTRrnilENTS, PIANO AND OKGAN MATERlALS-r,;iitliiiiPd. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— CO lit 'd. Rent of offices. interest, etc. Contract work. rosT OF MATERLiLS USED. Aggregatr Trincipal materials sr., 330, 219 .55.0Wi, 15s 145 249 31 992 110 992 8,053 1,1 0l,S LSI . 13 156 8423,309 24 $278,2^0 132 $145,059 105 $1,30,407 27 $14,652 1,906 723 1 2 21 i 17.090 34 B.'i.919 : 2 6 6 7 3 3,500 36,800 214,200 17,530 6,220 19 28 42 10 33 13,590 29, 119 49, 199 9,620 43, ,531 12 23 35 9 26 10,950 25,839 46,615 9,200 38,803 7 5 \ 7 2,640 3,280 3,584 420 4,728 312 472 713 89 319 137 221 235 30 100 2 3 5 48 17 36 263,399 27,reo 1 49.751 1 4 5 6 Group S.-OIIi, NOT El.SE'WHERE SPECIFIED. 142 653 $873, 133 104 8270,511 549 8602,622 467 $554,373 82 $48,249 1,733 1,227 1 13 22 4 li 1 21 37 5 122 103 108 162 14 14 32, 4.30 8,200 26,350 9,427 1,500 8,175 40,689 2,970 184, 817 136,315 101,172 294, 100 14.376 12, 612 6 12, 400 16 4 23 11 1 17 29 3 108 86 90 141 12 8 20,030 8,200 16,550 7,627 1,500 3,176 28,366 2,670 132,879 78,346 71,092 214,800 12, 176 5.212 16 4 15 10 1 15 23 3 94 66 70 134 10 6 20,030 8,200 12,200 7,055 1,500 2,425 25,685 2,670 121,7.33 67,837 59,632 210, 742 10,604 4,060 123 127 78 21 229 25 201 4 208 211 158 299 13 36 63 9 4 57 3 4 2 2 6 28 3 3 37 7 22 6 6 5 1 9,800 1,800 8 1 4.350 572 20 17 173 24 142 3 171 183 124 214 9 27 4 5 6 4 8 2 14 17 18 21 2 6 5,000 12,323 300 51,938 57,970 30,080 79,300 2,200 7,400 2 6 760 2,681 7 8 14 20 20 7 2 2 11,146 10,508 11,460 4,058 1,572 1,152 10 11 i2 13 14 15 Group 2.— OI1.CI.OTI1 AlVD LINOLEUM, FLOOR. (See also special report on Oilcloth and linoleum.) 10 183 $300,151 38 $119, 410 146 $180,741 1.38 j $177,905 7 $2,836 3,638 3,048 1 2 6 3 76 26 81 103,965 49,540 146, 646 22 6 10 60,970 7,800 60,640 54 20 71 52,996 41,740 86,006 50 20 68 51,283 41,740 84,882 4 1 1,712 1,440 L..-. 790 3 1,124 1,402 1,171 664 1,213 2 3 4 Group 2 — OILCLOTH, ENAMELED. (See also special report on Oilcloth and linoleum.) 2 . 34 $61,079 11 7 16 21,968 2 8,326 30. 795 817,000 13,200 2,500 1,300 $44,079 8,758 5,826 29, 495 841,2,35 7,500 6,826 '. 27,909 S2, 844 1,258 "i.'sse" 768 194 431 111 165 213 ^ Includes establishments distributed as follows: Delaware, 1; Iowa, 1; Kentucky, 2; Minnesota, 2; Texas, 1; Wisconsin, 1. s Includes establishments distributed as follows: Illinois, 1; Maine, 1; Michigan,!; Pennsylvania, 2. 5 Includes establishments distributed .IS follows: Illinois. 1; New York, 1; Ohio, 3. ::]2 MANUFACTURES. Table 5. -SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY STATE OR TERRITORY. United States. Conn(5cticLit Indiana Michigan New York Pennsylvania. . . Virginia All other states. Group 8.— OII^, ESSENTIAL— (.uiitnuii WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. 33 16,396 3 1,369 13 8,000 l(i 7,415 5 2,000 4 971 5S 33,o60 en 16 years and over. ! Women^«ijears and Average number. Children under 16 years. "•^g-- nSir. ^^-"g-- Average number. .51,341 16, 1 8, 7, 2 32, .396 369 000 103 000 971 531 312 1,029 Wages. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. 40, 494 1,955 2,019 10,088 1,531 87 22,712 Rent of works. SI, 442 136 760 64 12 481 Taxes, not including internal revenue. S3, 897 324 223 545 238 35 38 2,494 United States. 823,028 Group 8.— Oil,, liARD— Continued. 3,028 833,137 S2,650 Group 8.— Olli, LINSEED— Continued. 1 United States Illinois 1,349 8785,634 1,345 8783,294 4 82,340 S2, 537, 497 I .8500 S49,877 ? 216 353 514 71 195 138,634 203,698 272,978 49,814 120,710 214 353 514 71 193 137,754 203,698 2/2,978 49,814 119,150 2 7,80 551,441 456, 462 964,121' 162 560 413,913 500 11,673 ♦ 9,996 15,638 3,820 8,750 3 4 i 5 Ohio 6 All other states 2 1 1,560 Group 8.— Oil., "NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED-Continued. United States. California. Georgia- . . Illinois Indiana- - - Maine Marvland Massuehu.^etts Michigan New .lersev- - - New York- - - - Ohio Pennsj'lvania . . . Rhode Island - - - .Ml other states- United States- 2 NewJerse.v- 3 New York . . 4 All other St,': 83 34 12 101 166 193 140 252 9 30 33,509 33,330 22,775 6,307 27,020 9,405 98,013 938 113,816 1,39, 165 74,241 150, 404 5,257 15,200 1,235 .S71,S,386 24 .810,644 1 2 .8350 69 83 34 12 101 21 146 2 1,57 191 140 251 9 29 32,509 33,330 22,775 6,307 27,020 9,205 94,7S5 fl3,S 3 1,000 1 1 200 9 3,228 I 108,978 138,467 74,241 150, 154 5,267 14,420 9 1 4, S3K 648 i 150 1 ■260 j 1 7,':n Group 2.— OIIiCliOTH ANU LUVOIiEUHI, FliOOR-Continued. 81,658,960 81,719,938 1,316 712 1,327 646,310 380,731 693,897 3,216 .81,684,675 1,230 666 1,320 627.115 365,661 691, 890 Sli;,.555 285 ! 15,070 1,200 I 17,910 798" 46,073 19,061 45,854 9,058 43,889 10,146 121,306 3,875 187,786 202,017 163,609 773,739 22,341 10,206 $79, 470 8901,374 4.53,340 121,747 321 ;, 387 1,860 430 6,357 8,420 26 6,037 36,872 9,773 3,375 3,450 1,059 ' $1,955 1,500 455' $30,331 2,199 549 849 375 782 140 6,027 252 4,107 3,443 2,287 8,418 182 .831,753 18,390 6,276 7,088 Group 2.-OIL,CXOXH , E1NAHIEI.ED— C nntinued. 1 United States Massachusetts .528 .8223,819 ; 518 ' .8220,4,36 8 82.901 2 848S 2 3 128 148 252 60,520 55,768 107,531 122 .58.031 148 1 .55,7(K 2-18 106,631 4 2,001 2 4KS 4 All other states 4 900 8468.171 28,737 105,648 333,786 86,, 3,761 1,600 1,224 2,480 1,343 5,263 GENERAL TABLE W. STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued. Group S.— Olli, F.SSIO'TIAI.— Ciiiitinn.- MISt.ELL.\NEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent ot olfices. intorcsi. etc. 40.0:« 1,732 1,474 9,ino 1,432 19. 737 Contract work. SI. 110. 470 81,000.421 lfl.V471 194.911 12,542 im.a.ss lliC. 18S 4.53,747 , 449. 723 11,874 , 11.41.S 3.923 3,S21 2llli. 30,5 2.53.018 ruyr of materials usei>. I rnrt'hjisrd in raw state. I'urehasi'd in partially manufactured form (inclnd- ing "all other niatorials" ) . FlkI 1 Rent of power and i heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. s:5i)7,351 I S7S;i,070 810,159 S3..'i!)2 Sl.litM S4.333 27,:,2'i ! 1G7,389 400 | 157 3 12.4:^5, S7 420 1 ■ 47,023 117.0iir. 758 ' 92' 350 502 440.221 2(il 3,312 100 i 351 4,743 , (i.(i75 382 i 10 | 04 3,055 I lliO So ' 17 ' 211.451 ! 41,507 7. §53 270 1.535 3,ii20 <;i-oii]> H OIL, liARIt— Continufd. I ^" n i "~i ■ ' I " ?255,25:) I S422,173 !. S4,114 ' ' Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. S1.4(;4.Wi2 1 289,883 j 2 25, 470 3 240. 21.5 4 .502. 014 F, 22. 421 (> 9,856 7 374.803 8 S79li,lll 1 4iroiii> 8.— Oil., LINSEED— Continued. lil-oiip 8.— Oil,, NOT ELSEWHERE SPErlFIEB— Continued, 81,546,068 S3, 091 42.014 18.0,82 37.088 I 1,560 S.6.83 ' 41,151 I 9. 150 106. .534 32.5 3..59.S 177.642 162.702 I --- 151.549 760.740 1,206 18, 709 8, 426 ' 110, 66, 1111, 1,457, 3.077. 1,996. 1.04.5, 4.791, 113, 142, 477 .502 SS9 110 903 741 684 9,88 .813 145,966 [ 369 767 214 468 272 904 107 287 64 247 99,1,5(1 1,443.954 .5. 253 3,0,58,987 1.953,970 1.034.344 4, 328, ,539 113.161 146. 235 SI. 251. .545 231.695 4.095 34. 157 42,247 373,614"! 4',;8, 370 i:5.,8!17 liO : 1..500 811.. 894. 421 78.072 210,373 238, 747 197.287 22.000 99, 150 1,070,340 5,2.53 3,0,5s, ii87 1,4,55,690 1,034,344 4, 2 1 12, 732 113,101 138, 735 5, 566 8,234 4,100 2, 535 2,021 460 11 1H9 4X3 16,054 15 161 S 623 44 113 592 1 686 06 1 '820" 'ioo", 65!) ,934 2,» i,)' 829,448 ! 84,55,093 : 738 28,340 100 700 75 288 635 110 1,500 779 1,413 5 525 2, 546 822,127,253 105,253 1,. 892, 564 16,384 3,8:12,984 1 550, 849 2 32li, 407 3 442,586 i 4 149,115 I 5 197,327 6 7,500 16, 831 2,719,819 11 789 1,7.85 1,, 570, 432 12 5, .803 403,229 10, 116, 762 13 45 270 169,216 14 135 500 187,555 15 S448, 487 .^4.023 22. .506 102.705 323.276 '■ Cironp 2.— OILiXOTHL AND LINOLEimi, ES.OOK— Continued ■ S8i;7,666 ' S6. 779.263 433, 350 3.024.229 115,472 318.844 1 1.122.288 2.l«2.746 i S3, 270, 746 ,89,8,9.85 642. 1.82 1.72il.579 86,441,557 2,887.476 1,045.154 2, .508. 927 S428. 290 .56.013,20; 8287,262 340,070 i 88,220 2, 547, 406 9.56.934 2. ,508, 927 128.016 54, 615 104,631 1,6,50 8 737 1 763 20 7 iti 8 463 9 ■J Group 2.— OILCLOTH, KN.1.1IELED— Continued, S3, 203, 048 887, 170 626, 121 1,689.7.57 85.000 83.198.048 S60.-331 S900 i S3. 741 S2. 726 ,887,170 6.21,121 ! 1.6.89.757 7. 620 14,936 .. 900 i 569 1.125 2.047 .) 700 5.000 SIO, 388. 237 1 4,56:1.833 i 2 1,933.329 3 3.894.075 4 S4. 404, 009 1,089,859 883,563 2, 4:iO. 587 334 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 1.— 0Ier of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWEK. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. I United States 14 $1,650,776 $71,000 $318,162 $224, 497 $937,117 14 1,828 3 649, 706 901,070 30,000 41,000 165, 430 152,732 77,014 147, 483 377, 262 559,855 3 11 620 1,208 Group 14 OPTICAL. GOODS. 1 United States . . . 122 $5,380,766 $161,920 $684,390 $1,532,441 $3,012,015 100 4,085 CaliJornia 2 3 7 4 3 8 6 3 4 3 33 18 3 5 19 120, 647 14, 300 34, 750 115,525 1,344,518 116,894 18, 400 13,600 2, 429, 696 124, 450 628,589 26,823 30,750 361,824 4,000 1,800 20,650 6,000 11,760 18, 375 201,850 33,052 11,000 3,900 819, 890 11,200 306,083 2,763 3,750 83,278 94,297 9,300 23,000 97,150 843,685 60,882 7,400 9,700 1,211,628 113,250 227,217 24,060 27,000 263, 546 7 4 3 7 6 2 4 3 19 6 . 16 3 1 19 15 7 303 34 1,602 70 12 7 1,666 22 184 5 2 166 i\ Connecticut Illinois Py Massachusetts ... . . 31,350 7,500 267, 633 16,460 7 Michigan s Minnesota q Nebraska New York in 62, 770 335,508 11 Ohio . . -.: ... T' Pennsylvania 41,300 53,989 n 14 Washington. ^'• 5,000 10,000 Group 3.— ORDNANCB AND ORDNANCE: STORES. (See also Iron and steel, steel works and rollin« report on Iron and steel.) mills; and special United States 3. S3, 278, 190 S494, 320 SI, 516, 487 SI. 143, 803 Group 8.— PAINTS. (See also Varnishes; Chemicals; and special report on Chemicals.) I'niled States. California. Delaware. , Georgia. . . Illinois Indiana. .. Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota. . Missouri Nebraska... New Jersey. New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania. Rhode Island. Tennessee Virginia 24 I Washington 25 Wisconsin , 26 ' All other states^ 449 $55,783,259 $6,410,389 $7,081,890 • $8,633,218 $33, 767, 762 402 42,148 1,439,986 118, 478 156, 894 7,828,577 174, 869 44,000 14,000 6,000 510,300 5,000 160, 247 12,800 7,000 910,926 13, 467 241, 571 23,816 16,802 976,031 36,383 994, 167 67,863 128,092 5,431,320 120,029 17 4 5 36 8 927 195 102 6,210 290 60,798 28,360 328,904 443,500 1,625,359 3,000 6,200 3,760 10,000 58, 861 79,900 167,066 48,838 18,360 191, 143 315, 100 1, 138, 609 3 3 7 10 22 76 51 523 519 1,414 22,900 26,000 142,053 56,000 22,500 187,631 2. 469, 256 672,324 3,906,906 226,597 2,421,247 144,837 30,000 313,926 10,500 197, 940 489,083 85,000 362, 164 34,699 519, 693 321,174 83,676 501,322 22, 134 466,636 1,504,162 473,648 2,729,494 159, 264 1,236,979 11 4 17 3 20 1,581 222 1,989 170 2,969 14,862,314 6,096,266 159,600 10,355,786 112,017 2,704,007 659, 700 8,000 1,329,236 4,000 1,434,597 942,044 9,000 1,418,765 14,840 2,118,556 831,892 40,000 2,071,906 22, 700 8, 595, 156 3,662,630 102,600 5,535,890 70, 477 76 47 3 69 3 10, 545 5,190 102 7,370 137 224, 299 213,034 121, 475 935,863 820, 561 16, 625 25,690 8,950 87,950 97, 776 27,533 46, 456 16,250 187,028 118,987 23,399 80,112 24,450 153, 179 167,895 167,742 60,776 71,825 507,706 435,903 4 3 4 8 16 296 645 80 731 816 > Includes establishments distributed as follows: District of Columbia, 1; Indiana, 1; Kansas, 2; Missouri, 1- New Jersey 1- Ohio 2- Rhode Island 2- Texas 1 ! Includes establishments distributed as follows: District of Columbia, 2; Georgia, 2; Indiana, 2; Iowa,l; Kansas,l; Kentucky 1- Missouri 2- New Hamnshirp' V w Jersey, 2; Rhode Island, 2; Tennessee,!; Utah, 1; Wisconsin,!. ■" ' ' ' >=.. iioiiii^ouiic, i. GENERAL TABLES. 335 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 1.— OliEOmARGARINE. (See also Slauglitering and meat packing, ivIioU-Kalc; and special report on Slanglitering and meat paekini;!;.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. Aggregate. Number. Salaries. S253.090 77,710 175, 380 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. I Officers of corporations. 'i Number. Salaries. 19 $40, 195 3 16 10,300 29,895 General superintendents, managers, clerics, etc. ,al. Men. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. $212,895 72 115 67, 410 145,485 53 108 $198, 639 55, 879 142, 760 Women. Number. Salaries. $14, 256 11,531 2,725 WAGE-EARNERS. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 618 Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 413 194 ! 2 219 ' 3 Group 14 OPTirAl, GOODS. 96 1 316 $427,072 65 $162,9961 251 $264,076 134 $206, 735 117 S57,341 4,680 4,018 1 4 3 5 5 3 1 4 26 1 - 20 4 1 2 17 74 12 4 7,020 2,000 1,560 36, 440 164, 436 14,770 4,240 2 6,000 2 1 2 7 63 9 4 1,020 2,000 1,560 9,916 117,304 6,370 4,240 2 1,020 49 30 56 162 1,932 140 25 17 1,540 39 381 9 13 287 42 30 40 128 1,689 120 20 16 1,316 39 319 9 12 239 ? 1 1 6 36 8 3 2,000 1,092 9,500 96,066 5,960 3,720 3 1 1 27 1 1 468 416 21,248 420 520 4 10 11 3 26,524 47, 132 8,400 5 6 7 S q 95 20 49 7 3 2S 84, 702 17,298 .54,564 7,484 6.600 25.958 19 5 4 3 1 7 45.040 6,400 10, 200 4,800 2,400 6,100 76 15 45 4 2 21 39,662 10,898 44, 364 2,684 4,200 19,858 1 30 3 2 13 18,243 7,938 39,308 2,084 4,200 16,644 54 6 15 1 21.419 2,960 5,066 600 10 11 12 13 1 s" 14 16 8 3,214 15 Group 3.— ORDNANCE AND ORDNANCE STORES. (See also Iron and steel, steel VForks and rolling mills; and special report on Iron and steel.} $46, 413 $12,400 $34,013 $31, 709 S2,304 Group 8.— PAINTS. (See also Varnishes; Chemicals; and special report on Chemicals.) 328 3,044 $3,654,289 357 $935, 701 2,687 32,718,588 2,201 $2, 463, 840 486 $254, 748 11,570 7,830 1 10 2 7 10 7 88 7 22 422 13 84,912 8,500 19,052 616, 167 13,828 6 3 2 51 2 9,300 6,400 3,400 161,269 3,700 82 4 20 371 11 75,612 3,100 15,662 454,898 10,128 72 4 18 288 11 70,200 3,100 14,987 408,966 10, 128 10 5,412 311 34 31 1,282 48 246 26 27 755 38 2 3 2 83 665 45,932 4 6 6 4 2 4 16 21 13 2 29 55 76 12, 438 2,050 27,286 50, 708 103,872 1 60 12 2 19 53 63 12,378 2,050 14, 166 49, 108 66,972 10 2 16 43 52 11,650 2,050 12,120 44,720 60,922 2 728 16 13 97 196 485 13 10 70 162 309 7 8 10 2 13 13,120 1,600 36,900 4 10 H 2,046 4,388 6,060 9 10 11 S 2 7 1 15 198 45 385 20 102 229,741 56,052 420,283 34,160 139,896 19 8 31 2 19 56, 925 15,680 68,870 9,600 43, 434 179 37 354 18 83 172,816 40,372 351, 413 24,660 96, 461 146 31 301 16 61 155, 652 35,692 321,853 23,180 85,109 33 6 63 22 17,164 4,680 29,560 1,380 11,352 594 94 677 45 747 394 65 399 37 587 12 13 14 16 16 76 24 5 73 5 651 349 3 416 13 834, 548 389,216 3,300 441,655 15,332 48 49 174, 710 114,805 603 300 3 355 11 659,838 274, 411 3,300 295,087 7,832 499 239 2 295 7 602,954 242, 440 2,700 266, 886 5,960 104 61 1 60 4 56,884 31,971 600 28,201 1,872 3,183 1,121 19 1,945 22 2,099 725 13 1,385 22 17 18 19 61 2 146,568 7,500 20 21 1 5 1 6 16 14 17 27 34 43 24,880 27,590 14,322 30,120 54,382 5 3 2 5 13 11,700 12,000 900 11,150 27,110 9 14 25 29 30 13,180 15,590 13,422 18,970 27, 272 7 13 22 19 28 11,800 15,090 12,450 16, 375 26,866 2 1 3 10 2 1,380 500 972 2,595 416 90 98 41 190 191 66 83 34 142 134 22 23 24 26 26 3 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Connecticut, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Ohio, 1; Pennsylvania, 1. < Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 2; Colorado, 4; Connecticut, 4; District of Columbia, 1; Florida, 1; Louisiana, sippi, 1; Nevada, 1; North Carolina, 2; Texas, 2; West Virginia, 1. Maine, 1; Missis- 336 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY STATE OR TERRITORY. United states. Illinois All other states. Average number. firoiip l.^OLEOMARGAKINE— Continued. WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. S315,736 2.W 169, 496 21 i4 146,240 Men 10 veara and over. Average ! .^^. number. "agts. 511 I .5312,111 Woollen 16 years and . over. Average number. Wages. Children under 16 years. Average number. 10 i .53,425 Wages. 1 I S200 251 166, 928 i 7 2, 568 260 146,183 I 3 857 1 200 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. 8522,230 159, 469 362,701 Rent of works. S54, 300 17, 200 37,100 Taxes, not including internal revenue. S9, 039 3,558 5,481 Group 14.— OPTICAL. GOODS— Continued. United States. California Colorado Connecticut Illinois Massachusetts. 7 Michigan.. 8 : Minnesota. 9 j Netjraska. . 10 i New York. 11 i Ohio Pennsylvania. . . Texas 1 Washington All other states. 4, 330 42 1 31) 49 141 1,791 134 16 1,42.'; 13 i 2i;4 51,923,225 31,610 20, 504 21, 447 97,631 746, 481 .35. 164 13.396 8,580 663,950 22, 220 120, 493 3,142 7,302 131,. 305 2,948 1,098 S305,729 31,610 16,644 16,419 81,806 619,215 17,762 13, .396 8,580 558, 436 18,844 61,917 2,062 6,702 117.400 18 40 406 56 340 9 183 2 1 35 3,860 4,682 14,973 110,748 12,715 94, 293 3,172 47,614 700 600 12,572 2 6 97 446 862 16,618 4,687 75 1 11,221 204 59 3 11,062 380 6 1,333 881,311 8,248 4,624 870 5,580 3, 200 266 6,265 1,825 175 28,333 8, 460 965 97,922 4,547 12,831 8,370 2,600 1,650 3, 150 1,170 99 3,685 2,656 130 211,972 18,575 7,946 26, 493 4,580 400 41.908 9,591 2,681 6,936 3,100 215 7, 330 6,520 165 37,095 11,064 1,260 Group S.^ORDlVANrK AND ORDNAKfli; STORES-ContinuMl. United states. 51.86, 993 288 S186, 473 $51,066 $4, 247 Group 8.— PAINTS— Continued. United States.. 54,- .392 California. Delinvare. Georgia. .. Illinois Indiana... Iowa Kansas Kentucky M;)ryland Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota. . Missouri. . . . Nebraska. . . New Jersey. 17 New York 18 Ohio 19 Oregon Pennsylvania. :^1 Ehode Island. Tennessee Virginia Washington. . Wisconsin All other stiite 28 1,029 ; 12 I 11 1,82 :i(l8 (;ii7 2.711 nil 15 I 1,645 l.i2 , 1.54 184,942 21,229 12, 140 595, 077 17,629 7,949 5, 265 31,461 73, 697 211,141 222, 966 .37,. 390 290,009 18,602 i 339,023 1,464,270 i 475,045 13, 230 798, 313 13, 065 30, 356 23,148 23, 440 70. 1.82 83,708 204 24 27 923 31 12 10 69 172 366 410 63 634 3:i .589 2, .381 834 15 1,.532 62 93 32 : 145 , 143 180,665 19,079 11,932 661,767 16,761 7,949 4,940 26,032 71,617 201,249 203,325 32, 266 279,609 16,260 317,791 1,373,164 446,605 13, 230 760,841 13,065 26, 927 23, 148 22. 97' 67,374 79. .S24 1 106 7 1 29 10 33 82 15 30 7 74 316 106 3,497 1,400 33,310 1,868 325 6,429 2,080 9,892 18,641 5, 124 9, 8.54 88, 195 28,240 35,525 3,189 468 2, ,808 3,728 59, 234 780 750 56,0.55,367 5300,541 ; t;;;;;;;;;;; - ::: 1 5 1,000 3 546 4 704 14 1 2.911 i 200 7 i,'947' 102, ,521 5, .851 25, 940 1,0,S6, .502 24.602 9,015 4,460 33, 483 42, 422 172, 483 459, 284 104, 930 361,963 36, 989 286, 636 1,461.. 586 .573, 1 14 15,96,7 947,468 27., 595 52,689 16 .578 11 713 6-' 018 144,659 1,600 3,245 35, 462 6,131 395 1,890 2,050 8,250 15,363 1,825 9,170 14,170 600 8,333 92,749 23, 707 1, :j.50 47,770 3,430 3,197 1,4,S0 2,700 6,845 3,206 464 1,457 .30, 306 1,068 446 395 807 1,812 10,545 12,244 2,335 17,360 1,482 13, 693 63, 347 34, 210 567 26,995 343 941 648 543 3,494 3,019 GENERAL TABLES. 337 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.>-Continued. Oroiip 1 OliEOMAKGARIlVE— ContiniiPil. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purcliased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. S458, 891 S4,397.5:>S .?4. 313,868 : 8129.422 , .S4. 184. 446 ' ?34, 45,S 83.980 ! 86. 21ft S3fl.013 $.5,. 573, 72.3 1 138,711 320, 180 2,899,556 1,497,982 2,882.130 1,431,738 20,000 1 2,862,1.30 109,422 : 1.322.316 13,779 20,679 2,000 1,980 1,647 4,572 3, 335, 223 2,238,502 •> 39,013 3 Group 14.— OPTICAL, GOODS- Continued. ?:«2.333 .8100 §2,319,949 2.854 1 2,115 1 4 255 1 46, 326 14,139 19,265 1,S.918 ! 64,296 80 544 1,012,229 4,220 1,881 . 100 29,486 32,045 900 16,230 l,So.451 677,570 21 513 90,717 29 636 165,117 3,620 6.267 1 665 ; 9.952 24.771 146,320 44, 160 13, 1.35 18,575 61,917 979, 794 26,2.38 31,320 15,825 642, 479 89,365 148, 5a5 5,797 9,560 141,847 81S. 742 .86.804 813.810 1,386 513 404 30 145 30 1,962 156 1,597 1,190 800 1,085 656 390 15 1 3,219 2,611 1,080 70 2,404 878 445 25 372 1 3,883 202 ! i 242 550 6, 449 64 70 "5^399' 200 526 """"26" 86,116,910 140,281 56,980 67,100 294, 361 2,282,132 108,115 79,000 36,440 1,870,371 190, 744 m, 449 42,500 61,857 426, 580 Group a.— ORDNAINCE AND ORDINANCE (STORES— Continued. 8131,612 8111,001 !, ,814,099 8.5.57,903 1 Group S PAIINTS-Continuetl. 85,441.870 89, 4S7 3,787 21,2.38 1,020,734 17,403 7,660 j 2,175 30,626 I 32, :-:60 146, 575 445, 215 93, 425 319, 883 34.907 258, 489 1,305,168 447,697 14,050 856, 379 23, 822 61,748 I 12,733 9,690 60,824 136,796 i 322 67,500 1,568,269 41,262 155, 396 6,523,137 135,276 60, 449 36,110 264, .321 410, 884 1,414,110 1,524,294 454, 222 4,588,108 237, 137 2,2.50,984 13,220,075 4,700,988 189, 886 6, 6.59, .353 176, 622 287.990 113, 696 92,414 764, 005 447, 205 845.227.753 1,549.188 37,281 1.50, 603 6,395,903 131,367 44,599 35,156 259,014 401.002 1,, 360, 651 1,486,, 587 444,660 4,536,822 229.891 2,149,1.52 12,947,514 4,594,091 188, 705 6, 460, 722 170, 098 281,2.56 103, 595 86, 445 751,166 432. 296 .52.965,954 26, 878 1,200 820 78, 375 8,999 59,344 140,619 "'84^993' 1,304,599 1,160 8,633 43, 371 6,206 27,,S38 1.622, .310 7,731 36,081 3,625 149,783 780 6, 317,. 528 83,916 131,367 2,237 43,699 2, .824 35,156 750 2.59,014 2,127 .392,003 8,.5,S1 1,301,307 37, 196 1,423,644 24,600 444. 660 3,674 4.396,203 32,9.31 2-29,891 2,606 2,064.159 54,916 1.642.916 202,316 4.. 592, 941 49. 247 ISS, 705 6,351,736 155,810 170, 098 1,440 272,623 6,066 60, 224 9,081 86,446 492 744,960 7,0.37 404,458 7,798 889,026 8,977 i,".5i.5" 15,988 372 60 155 2.145 196 3. 055 6.30 1.848 6,133 10, 116 24.. 522 4,. 503 1,026 3,740 300 1.3S0 1 ■585 I 1.7S0 84S 446 I 150 I 8,278 268 376 50 385 815 3,111 • 2.510 673 6.,S77 295 4.605 36,281 7.440 1.55 25,. 330 1,002 (Ifift 720 97 !,915 :.2:-;i 8175,197 2,348 19,052 1,032 6.50 290 10,097 9,967 3,377 6, 345 4, 345 .32,196 9.442 45,707 13,751 4,082 4,000 2,302 2,100 867,277,910 2,221,846 81,552 257,903 9,484,280 225,809 86,074 69,800 622,017 680,990 2,159,680 2,823,933 708,924 6,144,521 346, 645 3,611,375 18,721,872 6,601,428 267,200 9, 428, 890 247, 842 480,991 194, .594 166,924 1,048,037 805, 783 MFfi — PT 1 — 07- -22 338 MANUFACTURES. Table 6.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 6.— PAPER AND WOOD PCI-P. (See also special report on Paper and pulp.) STATE OK TEKEITOKY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWEK. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 Onited states 761- $277,444,471 $34,234,934 $62,898,590 $103,872,408 $76,438,539 761 1,122,564 ■> California 3 50 6 19 36 4 3 37 16 87 30 4 25 38 177 63 4 65 28 9 7 52 8 1,176,427 5,892,684 3,176,498 3,992,877 6,511,005 367,913 131,640 41,273,915 6,360,458 41,073,769 8,397,576 1,490,902 14,041,014 7,122,852 56,461,739 14,433,114 2,967,630 21,468,927 5,628,676 5,517,200 2,215,436 24,408,918 3,343,401 47,000 712,800 244,062 421,560 644,381 41,200 6,000 4,151,698 285,043 6,861,916 829,022 70,724 1,742,780 1,392,950 8,394,107 1,370,968 260,273 1,540,018 1,172,998 257,798 315,099 3,210,377 262, 170 150, 600 1,426,969 602, 500 1,020,924 1,507,803 55,000 16,250 11,239,679 1,399,052 9,964,190 1,938,388 233,500 2,477,076 1,634,538 13,098,782 2,846,642 477,000 4,086,289 1,466,435 960, 247 362,460 5,352,266 592, 110 482, 500 2,013,885 1,864,789 1,684,817 3,216,213 163,372 76,182 14,735,976 3,346,278 11,573,811 3,558,349 844,660 4,620,928 2,638,610 19,383,032 6,187,292 1,361,311 9,646,496 2,020,826 2,767,771 1,081,268 9,330,526 1,394,527 496,427 1,739,040 465,147 865, 576 1,143,608 118,341 33, 108 11,146,563 1,320,085 12,673,852 2,071,817 342,028 5,200,230 1,456,764 15,686,818 4,028,222 869,046 6,296,124 978,417 1,541,384 456,609 6,515,749 1,094,594 3 50 6 19 36 4 3 37 16 87 30 4 25 38 177 53 4 65 28 9 7 52 8 3,808 18,06f! 5, 115 12,923 20,045 1,005 1,078 164,071 10,271 107,020 31,420 7,153 50,328 17,626 395,902 37,189 12, 736 56,090 43,673 8,220 4,576 108,008 6,252 3 4 5 Illinois fi Indiana Iowa 8 q Maine 10 11 Massachusetts i' Michigan 13 14 n New Jersey .. -. 16 New York 17 Ohio IS regon ... It ?n Vermont 1) n West Virginia n ?4 All other states ^ Group 6. -PAPER GOODS, NOT ELSEAVHERE SPECIFIED. United States California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Wisconsin All other states >. . . 232 $18,198,221 38,098 73,739 482,006 465,418 4,011,308 1,068,136 6,250 106,023 1,061,191 4,623,922 4,546,781 514,163 222,995 267,874 721,317 8784,312 10,000 8,000 4,200 11,000 134,085 20,600 600 9,618 68, 140 316,846 120,517 18,700 7,125 7,986 46,996 $2,7 ,827 $5,082,873 3,600 12,000 5,580 103,000 811,205 197,794 2,300 16,200 189, 109 684,064 601,657 58,500 32, 251 22,551 139,216 6,395 36,700 210,469 117,000 1,377,077 246,407 1,700 31,966 353, 126 1,179,603 1,066,258 128, 254 95,826 93, 196 139, 897 $9,553,209 18,203 18,039 261,767 234,418 1,688,941 603,335 1,760 48, 240 440,816 2,443,409 2,858,449 308,709 87,793 144,142 395,208 15, 173 7 73 216 625 3,801 975 4 94 695 4,006 2,.'>64 680 407 397 739 Group 6.— PAPER PATTERNS. 1 26 $2,236,860 $107,626 $323,171 $293,840 $1,512,323 3 38 New York ? 20 6 2,223,092 13,768 104,326 3,200 320,871 2,300 292,622 1,218 1,505,273 7,050 3 38 3 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 1; District of Colmnbia, 1; Georgia, 1; Missouri, 1; South Carolina, 1; Texas, 1; Washington, 2 'Includes establishments distributed as follows: Delaware, 1; District of Columbia, 2; Iowa, 2; Maryland, 1; New Hampshire, 1; South Carolina, 1; Vermont, 1; Virginia, 1. ' GENERAL TABLES. 339) STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued. Group 6.— PAPER AND WOOD PUI,P. (See also special report on Paper and pulp.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. 309 Aggregate. Number. Salaries. 3,778 12 lo4 73 112 aio 47 627 163 22 147 129 759 222 45 324 65 37 287 61 86,097,032 20, 2S0 23b, 408 69,900 120, 069 131,538 11.936 7,940 104.774 76.068 1,184,610 218, 369 31,450 208,930 232,958 1,131,729 327,394 132, 366 517,955 123, 103 133, oW 47,018 435, 474 93, 17,S SALAl IIED OFFK lALS, CLERKS, ETC. ■WAGE-EARNERS. General superintendents, managers, clerics, etc Greatest Least omcorsof Number. corporations. number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 719 S2. 183, 376 3,059 83,913,656 2,665 83,705,961 394 8207,705 75, 634 66, 105 1 3 36 4 15 24 7,500 86,500 40,000 32, 558 38,152 9 118 18 58 88 12,780 149,908 29,900 87,611 93,386 8 95 17 61 69 12, 360 139,011 29,600 84,019 84,443 1 23 1 7 19 420 10,897 300 3,492 8,943 276 1,985 687 1,200 2,089 241 1,528 508 836 1,222 2 3 4 5 6 4 3, 672 9 8 309 43 624 8,264 7,940 411,286 63,468 768,790 7 6 291 39 426 7,796 7,080 400,965 61,675 713,062 2 2 18 4 99 468 860 10,321 1,793 .35,728 182 108 8,887 1,133 12,646 114 .7 41 4 103 193,488 ' 12,600 415,820 5,605 9 806 10 9, 666 11 43 8 21 32 156 97,802 15,600 68,650 117, 325 403,072 120 14 126 97 604 120,667 ■ 15,950 150,280 115,633 728, 657 109 13 113 77 540 114,946 16,630 143, 210 104, .308 696, 364 11 1 13 20 64 6,621 420 7,070 11,326 33,293 3,462 431 3,607 1,830 14,576 2.794 344 2,111 1,496 10, 892 12 13 14 15 16 57 10 63 22 132,037 87,896 191,576 44,400 165 35 271 77 195, 367 44, 470 .326, 379 78, 703 137 34 236 63 183,078 43,990 307, 382 72,069 28 1 35 14 12,279 480 18,997 6,634 4,269 765 6,461 1,502 3,441 662 5,338 864 17 IS 19 20 12 8 58 6 47,700 14,520 131, 108 11,500 53 29 229 65 86,885 32, 498 304, 366 81,678 50 26 209 60 84,313 31,346 291,182 79,222 3 3 20 5 1,572 1,152 13, 184 2,456 1,090 644 7,183 845 943 462 5,724 552 21 22 23 24 Group 6.— PAPER GOODS, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED. 189 1,145 •51,305,875 137 $366,735 1,008 $939, 140 785 8838,447 223 $100, 693 11,406 8,464 1 2 4 19 1 24 8 6 70 32 182 37 4 11 38 311 .326 66 10 11 33 5,248 5,153 73,554 19,716 253,356 44, 596 220 8,948 50,067 443, 499 267.680 67.573 14.070 21.174 31.022 3 1 17 500 1,500 30,686 5 5 53 32 156 29 3 6 30 278 309 58 7 7 .30 4,748 3,663 42, 968 19,716 183, 642 29, 845 210 2,588 35,417 302, 024 226, 160 46, 293 10,070 6,884 25,922 4 4 38 27 111 21 2 2 23 237 243 44 4 7 18 4,280 3,500 35,018 17,101 158, 434 23, 500 150 1,200 31,675 283, 481 204, 689 37, 311 8,000 6,884 21,324 1 1 15 6 46 8 1 4 7 41 66 14 3 468 153 7,950 2,615 25, 208 4,345 60 1,388 3,742 18,543 21,, 571 7,982 2,070 32 43 632 406 3,328 400 32 130 328 2,767 2.194 427 139 165 383 27 25 360 306 2,385 286 15 74 224 2,280 1,689 359 88 114 2 3 4 5 26 8 1 5 8 33 17 8 3 4 3 69,714 14, 760 10 6,360 14,660 141, 475 41,520 22,280 4,000 14,290 5,100 6 7 3 6 72 10 28 6 3 4 8 9 }? 12 13 14 15 12 4,698 232 16 Group 6. -PAPER PATTERNS. 15 693 $489,919 16 $97,262 677 > $392,667 284 8240, 436 393 8152, 222 1,370 922 1 8 1 693 7 1 489,919 16 97,262 677 1 392,657 284 240, 435 393 162,222 1,357 13 914 8 2 3 1 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows; Illinois, 1; Iowa, 1; Maryland, 1; Ohio, 2; Wisconsin, 1. 340 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 6.— PAPER AND WOOD PUliP— Continued. "WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Total. STATE OR TERRITORY. United States California Connecticut Delaware Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota New Hampshire . . . New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Vermont Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin All other states Average number. Wages 65,964 S32,019,212 Men 16 years and over. 2.59 1, 7.50 547 959 1,620 152 91 7,574 1,008 11, 705 3,052 396 2, 522 1,629 12, 418 3,883 053 5, 906 1,280 545 li, 338 684 181, 412 843, 333 252, 268 462, 453 664, 151 66,114 45,947 4,052,919 397, 181 5, 587, 862 1,306,112 234,378 1,315,310 786, 731 6,402,323 1, 682, 830 318, 113 2,839,487 616, 735 363,010 229,972 2,987,777 382, 794 Average number. 56, 827 248 1, 451 455 916 1,512 131 82 7,253 2,504 380 2,411 1, 4.52 11,890 3,218 646 6,132 1,204 526 5,446 610 Wages. S29, 462, 799 177, 297 761, 229 233,053 451,388 637, 511 61,603 43, 460 3, 966, 200 . 369, 183 4, 326, 863 1, 163, 325 229, 920 1, 284, 035 740, 156 6, 252, 932 1,511,583 316,316 2, 645, 529 595, 774 343, 359 225, 538 2, 759, 866 366, 689 Women 16 years and over. Average number. 11 293 92 43 100 20 3 317 100 4,057 644 16 111 142 614 605 733 73 19 864 Wages. Children under 16 years. Average number. Wages. 82,499,588 $56, 826 4,115 80, 856 19,215 11,065 25, 677 4,223 900 85,703 25, 351 1,243,050 141,794 4,458 31,276 38, 256 147, 432 171,247 186, 657 20, 177 19, 651 4,434 220,000 14,053 28 1,248 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. $16,440,041 963 288 1, .587 1,016 2,647 17,969 8,320 1,959 1,797 7,301 784 7,911 2,052 50,768 622, 362 47,839 166, 645 280, 397 11, 484 18,372 2,257,950 184,007 2,960,680 498,032 60,884 650,683 286, 681 2, 848, 610 1,396,939 225, 741 1,535,291 233,971 269, 123 85,604 1,679,718 168, 270 Rent of works. $198, 135 Taxes, not including internal revenue. 81,383,981 4,468 27, 175 3,297 12,003 27,460 982 780 190,964 12, 192 321, 698 70, 228 6,490 60,521 23,505 241, 462 56,970 17, 799 49, 973 29, 252 7,639 194, 26r 17, 180 Groui> 6 PAPER GOODS, NOT EliSEWHERE SPECIFIED— Continued. United States ' 9,842 California ■ ■ 23 Connecticut 25 Illinois 471 Indiana 3.59 Massachusetts 2,923 Michigan 341 Minnesota I 12 Missouri I 95 New Jersey 279 New York I 2,507 Ohio... I 1,864 Pennsylvania ! 393 Rhode'lsland Ill Wisconsin 140 All other states 299 83,712,537 4,620 82,399,746 n,s8(i 9,706 170, 364 132,21.5 1,275, .589 145, 616 4,746 28,944 124, 555 881,064 583, 709 167,473 39, 274 43, 157 106, 241 15 160 206 1,457 200 6 27 221 1,082 648 245 68 SO 196 3,7.52 6,373 85,350 105, 922 825, 187 4,982 $1,269,368 103,636 3,230 12,700 110,289 542, 879 333,991 119,625 30, 660 32, .566 83,786 14 8 275 149 1,383 129 5 45 .58 1,394 1,216 132 27 65 93 I 6,134 3,063 79, 429 26,643 432, 829 39, 446 1,255 12,010 14,266 333, 324 249,511 35, 130 6,386 9,687 21, 265 Group 6.— PAPER PATTERNS— Continued. $43, 424 280 6,585 650 17, .573 2,634 260 4,234 4,861 207 2, 718 2, 328 904 1,190 S2, 546, 332 14, 294 3,865 100, 117 52, 906 617, 386 210, 860 1,209 12, 493 76, 075 099, 229 61 96 54, 611 20.936 23,017 91,639 $197, 154 500 1,710 29,858 8,750 33,093 2,500 330 3, 4.50 5,383 79, 746 14.952 9,882 1,660 3,980 1,360 876, 910 257 154 955 1,179 26, 481 5, 345 67 i:69 3,104 18,316 12, 766 660 789 l,2Si; 5,0,53 1 United States New York 1,082 $444, 659 239 $170,504 : 822 8270,273 21 $3,882 8892,769 .835,961 88,719 2 3 ..i 1,071 11 440, 576 4,083 236 3 169,098 1,406 814 8 267,696 2,677 21 3,882 j 890,063 2,706 35, 197 764 8,516 203 GENERAL TABLES. 341 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group G.— PAPEU AND WOOII PUI/P— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATEKIALf USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom worli and repairing. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. T'uel. Rent ol power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purcliased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). $14,739,522 SllS, 403 .sill. 251. 478 N $94,031,708 $25,235,239 868.790,469 $13, 178, 567 870, 109 .S2, .526, 960 81,444,084 .$188,716,189 1 32, 300 274, 369 2, 738. 430 1,270.240 1,415,845 2,517,028 130,647 78,330 13,868,147 2,453,318 17,946,726 4, 581, 471 676, 549 5,327,734 3.022.484 22, 805. 751 0,153,761 624, 520 8, 509, 546 2,539,766 1, 788, 756 759, 992 10 692 2U0 208, 210 2,236,248 1.128,142 1,098,038 2.068,402 94,339 57,297 11, 508, 465 2.142.411 15. 527. 452 3,743.313 .51i4, 0.85 4,5S3,8li2 2.511.342 19.S51.063 5.229,763 411,042 6,718,506 2,273,330 1.556,790 618, 083 9,082,568 818, 955 106, 637 101,673 2,236,248 939, 242 757,071 1.419,717 48, 148 15, 673 5.932.804 1.838,735 15. 079, 903 3,388,016 370.358 1.948.732 2,312,239 12, 610, 187 4.673,950 135, 376 5,301,480 1,680,462 934, 168 268,387 6, 116, 496 687, 515 33, 967 3.35, 600 132.864 2111.635 394. 894 33.394 15,041 1,887,935 268, 916 1, 815, 681 617, 974 66,896 663, 702 344,530 2,259,360 709,028 141, 554 1,196,766 224, 483 221, 618 93,290 1, 237, 444 214,205 26,600 5, 702 55, 696 6.134 38. .572 .50, 516 640 027 ■> 487,553 44, 542 150, 262 1,421 90 986 188,900 340, 967 048,685 46, 191 41, 624 5,575,661 303.676 447, 649 355,299 193,727 2,635,130 199, 103 7, 240, 876 555,813 275, 667 1,417,026 592, B68 622, 632 349,696 2, 966. 072 131, 440 3,100 i: 904! 656 1 4 17 600 2 442 504 i 5 250, 656 3 216 , 3 916 Q9S ; fi 10. 502 2,244 670 262,832 202, 290 22,961,124 a 906 'IdR 7 16, 092 5,992 S 2,031.644 171.405 5. 470 6, 225 369, 767 18,858 326, 761 1.55. 583 4f;. 568 56. 1^9 91, 430 391, 145 175.299 60. 449 2.57,863 21,. 528 10, 448 20,021 328, 007 42, 618 105,755 23 133 9 10 2.(P0.0S1 ia. 656 277^ 842 „' 32; 012! 247 63,349 ' 7.340.631 4V, 554 1.250 1? 53.394 1,145,818 8, 930, 291 6.04'! 462 n 5S3.052 253. 926 5,710 1,100 50 33,925 32,911 76, 132 14 15 2.478,802 1,. 333. 999 49. 5J3 270,258 i 37, 766; 605 39 671 1 10 961 .527 16 17 194. 442 i,'iig' 11, 475 336,292 20,426 1, 630, 449 16,411,032 3,831,448 3,034,396 1,298,066 17, 844, 174 1,936,218 18 1, 4.58. 525 203.049 258,937 77,965 1, 460, 190 150,590 i:i, 816 420 19 90 ''1 28, 698 43, 671 99 16, 473 ''3 500 1 i 07.';.' 778 94 Groui> 6.— PAPEK GOODS, NOT JELiSE WHERE SPECIFIED— Continued. S2. 248. 765 .823. 603 S12, 743, 669 $12, 259, 302 $108,010 $12,151,292 $233, 155 S47, 468 $52, 171 $151, 463 $22, 159, 202 1 13,537 20, 626 66, 629 426, 609 644, 686 3, 616, 109 816, 704 3,254 61,262 887,204 3.204,210 1, 476, 719 728. 909 219.9.30 154, 691 638, 129 20, 504 55, 115 416, 964 524,911 3,364,139 791,916 3,197 45.979 843. 148 3,0,82,982 1, 436, 826 719,212 209, 375 139,864 605. 180 20,504 54,930 416.954 ': 508,791 3,363,679 714,236 , 3, 197 44. 401 832.010 3, 082, 133 1,436,826 719.212 209,375 139,864 605. 180 100 630 4,916 16, 449 7,212 960 21 60 553 1,100 9,663 4, 9,89 56' 210 76 64, 763 54, 883 95,781 920, 730 779, 125 5, 810, 532 1,328,979 13,110 129, 266 1,225,063 5,675,927 3,429,673 1, 173, 108 350,204 341,982 830,839 -^ 2,001 185 774 2,976 2,160 80, 342 17, 8,39 57 1,598 20, 807 53, 108 26, 519 5,216 4,184 2,397 15, 188 3 61,184 8,120 4 42,977 1 16, 120 460 77, 680 ■i 457,812 6 203. 015 7 472 3.50 8 8.434 .. 67 588 1,578 11.138 849 1,078 1.030 5,502 3.160 1.780 3,356 230 1,175 87 3,628 23, 641 4, 2(;3 816 845 511 2,004 2,510 18. 591 38.977 5,961 1.885 2.170 11,689 14, 582 9 10 .5.87. 171 640, 079 13, 996 11 19- 43, 032 18 486 1,037 13 14 17.7.31 86 226 15 16 ( Group 6.— PAPEK PATTERNS- Continued. $797. 890 .S.50. 199 8337.022 ' $333,320 '! $333,320 $116 S2, 250 81.336 82, 265, 125 1 796,151 1.739 .. 50,199 331,932 5,090 328,321 328, 321 4,999 75 41 2.200 60 1,336 2,242,362 ? 4, 999 22,763 3 342 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Oroiip 8.— PATENT MEDICINES AND COMPOUNDS. (See also Druggists' preparations.) STATE OE TERRITOEY. United States. Alabama Arkansas California . . . Colorado Connecticut . Delaware District of Columbia . Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana. . . Iowa Kansas Kentucky. Louisiana. Maine Maryland Massachusetts . Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire - New Jersey New York North Carolina. Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania. . . Rhode Island- . . South Carolina - South Dakota. . Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont . Virginia. . Washington West Virginia Wisconsin I All other states i . Number of estab- lish- ments. 2,245 31 260 55 28 32 16 24 58 106 66 6 106 4 16 13 62 453 24 166 5 186 15 3 4 42 Total. $45,611,640 126,692 61, 492 616,915 40,509 481,694 22,550 68,047 1S1,939 630,796 5,582,845 1,023,535 1,453,370 153,303 1,327,535 347,857 160, 130 884,663 4,195,436 520,508 1,702,701 21,015 2,828,655 19,500 149,472 152,062 1,676,176 11,610,246 91,600 2,534,004 6,185 3,331,734 57,703 22,075 15,629 1,262,564 511,274 18,880 623,296 225,504 20,220 217,075 611,289 22,fli;,=; J2, 414, 176 9,910 1,375 24,550 6,550 20,500 5,800 6,000 700 42,200 473,158 86,521 30, 105 4,410 42,980 75,500 8,700 96,460 149,450 10,200 62,325 7,250 54,016 500 11,400 2,500 162,449 492,119 5,500 168,861 250 212,376 3,300 3,500 12,300 7,. 587 260 34,475 11,300 Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. $4,655,320 12,750 1,300 47,760 6,560 30,580 6,000 500 300 105,900 575,492 130,816 100,657 23,950 116,400 50,800 18,940 84, 137 365,517 21,025 176,246 1,060 106,934 1,500 28,900 8,400 432,379 1,080,441 12.460 414,3.60 2.50 359,221 ■ 8,300 3,600 42,200 18,900 275 89,600 11.800 27,050 35,100 4,700 25,100 130,8.50 4,400 $4,325,476 7,533 4,670 165,401 11,275 47,659 1,250 10,690 4,390 53.703 425, 135 107,136 66,698 5,314 89,444 28,675 17,122 48,776 420,438 62,707 122,629 2,375 146,881 1,100 12,525 9,031 .300,128 847,172 8,307 207,381 335 ' 671,410 1 6,952 , 5,950 1,300 183,523 16,626 6,630 91,290 29,929 2,970 4,211 filO 595 Cash and sun- dries. lif $34,216,668 96,499 54,147 379, 214 16, 134 382,955 9,500 50,857 176, ,549 428,993 4,109,060 699,062 1,256,010 119, 629 1,078,711 192,982 115,368 655,290 3,260,031 426,. 576 1,342,601 10,330 2,520,824 16,400 98,647 132,131 781,220 9,190,514 65,343 1,743,412 5,350 2,088,728 39,151 9,125 14,329 1,024,541 468, 161 11,825 407,931 172,475 17,250 160,714 378,829 11,270 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 518 1 1 11 1 10 1 1 1 8 69 18 13 3 11 5 25 1 5 4 22 113 1 44 40 4 ; 1 Total horse- power. 6 4 94 9 145 1 45 10 121 1,240 246 185 24 424 70 26 144 984 78 557 377 5 92 791 2,317 5 J 904 667 13 16 27 268 198 105 Group 14 PAVINCi MATERIAIiS. I'niteil .States. District of Columbia Illinois New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Rhode Island Wisconsin All other states '■' 12 14 $6,218,399 186,944 385,362 2,060,981 1,162,883 411,122 8,0.50 ISO, 757 .832,301) .?1, 078,961 S3,. 520 71,000 246,921 458,975 711, lam i,.5nn .50,700 125,715 8317,206 22,707 .58,. 5,57 179,102 121,075 411, 188 360 25,700 62,627 $2,452,247 04,1)53 73,875 4.58,7.85 179,284 84,540 4,400 .53,lino 25I),S:?'.I 4li,l)ll4 181,930 1,175,173 302,641) , 209,785 1,800 .50,7.57 393,089 Ciroup 1. -PEANUTS, GKADINtl, ROASTING, CLEANING, AND SHEL,l,ING ^"i ^^ i ' \\ " ^ i """ I Ij United States j 30 |l 81,168,851 1 .S2li,0D0 $87,900 ! $198,234 2 Virginia 26 1,115,077 2li,0n0 87,900 1 185^834"" 3 ! All Other states '^ ] 4 : 53,774 i 12,400 S85i;,717 815,343 41,374 1 United States ' Group 14.— PEN<;iI/S, liEAD. (Sep also special report on Pens and poiM-lls. i .8342,418 8841,214 I $810,402 | S2,!).8li,786 84,980,820 6,016 6 I 655 •< t 1,685 6 1,081 380 60 857 1,021 30 1,667 20 4 1,627 40 7 2,997 I Includes establishments distributed as follows: Indian TiTritoiv, 1 ; Oklahoma, 3; Wyoming 1 Mis;^"''?^SI'cSS^l!'ohk::i:'^X^<^f^"''^^^ noh,wan.,l; Indiana, 1; Kentucky, 1; Louisiana, 2; Marjiand. 1; Massachusetts, 1; Michigan, 1 ; GENERAL TABLES. 343 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190;>-ContLnued. Group S.— PATENT raEDICINES AND COMPOUNDS. (See also Druisglsts' preparations.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. 1,862 10 7 51 4 32 3 4 5 18 197 71 35 31 24 7 15 66 100 44 357 17 168 4 173 25 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Aggregate. Number. Salaries, 5,928 11 24 124 1,129 152 195 17 156 57 22 166 286 132 373 5 338 2 136 1,117 32 320 7 10 4 216 $5,923,674 12, 445 9,660 107,611 1,275 72.222 15, S«0 22,250 107,354 994,825 140,622 166,663 15,237 146,271 67, 359 20,204 157,357 356, 359 102, 566 221,701 4,830 348,645 2,400 27,645 23,944 159,480 1,516,295 14,808 316, 163 750 266. 150 8, 204 5,205 3,800 221,551 59,820 OfBcers of corporations. Number. Salaries. 102,925 22, 168 15, 475 61,295 3,800 5 6 20 129 31 25 6 18 10 11 .18 32 14 25 1 4 3 28 199 7 57 $2,099,803 6,125 2,220 23, 695 25, 541 10, 850 8,200 23,565 303,217 60, 196 48,770 9,800 25,840 25,500 14,641 43, 240 123,685 22,686 43,612 132,228 1,800 6,890 3,680 61,400 728,398 5,620 88,825 83,234 2,500 1,770 1,000 86,755 11,230 40,800 5,980 2.400 13,910 General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Total. Number. Salaries. 5,040 6 18 104 1,000 121 170 11 138 47 11 148 254 118 348 5 279 1 39 13 108 918 25 323 1 278 4 7 3 177 48 $3,823,871 6.320 7,440 83,916 1,275 46,681 5,010 14,050 83,789 691,608 80,426 117, 893 5,437 120,431 41,859 5,563 114,117 232,674 79,880 178,089 4,830 216, 417 600 20,755 20,264 98,080 787.897 9,188 227, 338 750 182,916 5,704 3,435 2,800 134, 796 48, 590 62, 125 16, 188 13,075 47,385 3,800 Number. Salaries. $2,912,126 66 111 7 102 40 5 111 139 53 153 4 172 1 13 10 555 22 175 1 188 3 6 3 110 5,740 6,600 61,716 900 37, 128 3,810 11,600 71,337 451,997 58,843 97,943 4,193 102,706 35,729 3,204 99,409 166,284 55, 169 116,687 4,500 169,481 600 9.965 19, 454 85, 112 616,394 7,738 164,997 750 146,690 5,080 3,210 2,800 106,834 44.987 58.869 15, 120 480 12. 100 42,280 3,800 Women. Number. Salaries. 2 5 35 567 55 59 4 36 7 6 37 115 59 195 1 107 26 3 29 363 3 148 67 $911,745 680 840 22,200 376 9,553 1,200 2,450 12, 462 239, 611 21,683 19,950 1,244 17,725 6,130 2,359 14, 708 66,390 24,711 61, 402 330 46,936 10, 790 810 12, 968 171.503 1.4S0 62.341 36,326 624 226 27,962 3,603 3,266 1,068 975 6,106 "WAGE-EARNEE3. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 14, 430 31 31 259 23 121 6 70 36 203 1,852 628 295 71 2.56 172 212 329 1,148 345 13 707 7 54 35 760 :,969 63 946 43 9 6 551 114 26 265 79 20 47 333 14 Least number employed at any one time dur- ing tbe year. 9,261 25 2 16 3 169 i 4 23 5 84 6 6 55 20 134 1,178 439 201 46 167 141 275 640 181 310 ' 12 491 5 I 41 , 20 442 1,867 44 551 , 3 619 1 32 33 1 33 7I 34 6 36 421 36 87 37 23 38 136 39 51 40 13 ' 41 33 42 146 43 6 44 18 116 112 Group 14.— PAVING JHATEKIAIiS. 30 157 8197.171 25 $66,960 132 S141,227 117 $132, 449 15 S8, 778 3,204 1,137 1 8 29 26 38 13 1 10 33 8,339 29,678 47,443 66,320 12,325 1,200 9,780 33,092 8 26 19 33 12 1 8 25 8,339 23,428 27, 243 40, 120 11,725 1,200 8.880 20,292 8 16 19 30 12 1 7 24 . 8,339 17, 488 27,243 38, 035 11,725 1,200 8,280 20,139 97 171 1,011 572 163 74 632 484 14 65 400 170 97 62 160 173 3 1 1 1 5 11 8| 3 6 5 1 6,260 20,200 15,200 600 10 6,940 3 4 3 2,085 6 6 7 2 8 900 12,800 1 1 600 153 8 9 Group 1 PEANUTS, GRADING, KOASTING, CI,EANING, AND SHEI.I,ING. $122,126 851,350 113,110 9,015 23 2 43, 850 7,500 91 S70, 775 69,260 1,515 868,980 81,795 67,900 1,080 1.360 435 Groui> 14.— PENCILS, IiEAD. (See also sx>eclal rei)ort on Pens and pencils.) $396,027 16 $86,764 $309,263 227 I $20, 602 ''Includes establishments distributed as follows: Massachusetts, 2; Missouri, 1: Pennsylvania, 1. 4 Includes establishments distributed as follows: New Jersey, 3; New York, 3: Pennsylvania, 2. 1,993 31 3,184 995 10 2,992 1 344 MANUFACTURES. Table 5. -SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group ». -PATENT IHEDICIIVES AND COMPOUNDS-Continued. STATE OH TERRITORY. WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent oi works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wage.s. 1 United States 10,980 84,361,867 4,959 $2,718,016 5,673 $1,578,155 348 $55,696 $26,189,770 $722,671 $183,237 27 22 184 ''2 SS 6 69 26 142 1,380 503 231 54 186 1.56 124 .302 841 218"- 296 9 .568 4 42 573 2 252 "'"41 70.'; 5 718 29 "4 41 iS 95 23 198 64 15 .35 229 "9 7,032 5,707 96,932 12,892 37,893 2,912 22,617 6,147 j 55,007 .578,932 183,543 89,228 : 19,139 64,930 42, .531 36,588 82,089 396,759 80,441 [ 119,327 2,3.58 219,400 4,300 17,719 8,123 211,168 989,375 9,510 255,066 2,800 .307,232 11,489 1,935 2,638 136,127 33,340 14,601 81,064 21,282 6,844 8,598 64,813 3,. 540 15 10 97 20 45 3 23 10 86 537 176 105 28 120 65 38 72 438 94 136 7 224 3 34 8 278 1,035 27 319 5 370 20 3 4 178 41 16 111 47 7 8 89 7 4,806 3,750 69,777 12,613 25,434 1,664 10,387 2,717 42,590 320,329 99,471 57,090 11,222 52,412 24,475 16,424 33,439 264,887 48,007 67,664 1,975 127,224 4,000 15,761 3,990 144,750 627,427 6,868 167,. 580 2,800 209,464 9,387 1,260 2,462 69,080 21,943 11,375 63,016 18,623 4,388 3,834 38,721 3,040 12 4 77 1 43 3 36 4 48 797 324 126 22 61 73 84 212 375 123 160 2 326 1 8 14 242 1,183 9 384 2,226 942 24,024 110 12,459 1,248 12,230 790 11,773 250,693 83,320 31,982 7,197 11,919 15,639 20,064 45,786 122,358 .32,264 51,663 383 89,626 300 1,968 4,133 62,613 354,7.59 1,788 87,197 21,085 20,753 186,091 15,936 245,376 8,647 82,053 1 22,131 631,980 4,2S9,366 1,380,814 539,769 87,804 631,016 70,957 132,760 342,682 2,771,694 505,666 712,281 13,446 1,172,417 24,154 68,926 66,624 662,419 6,899,202 63,144 1,073,531 2,300 1,294,121 16,907 3,161 8,467 894, 443 170,748 7,631 502,479 88,216 11,623 2,S,249 .521,908 S,115 2,207 1,294 22,603 806 5,309 216 6,065 3,865 7,059 142,138 13,983 11,264 3,368 8,007 6,184 2,803 22,601 60,356 13,382 17,345 340 46,963 1,020 1,390 1,636 9,723 201,317 1,702 30,297 1,200 44,587 2,363 484 650 2,487 167 1,362 294 300 777 8,885 22,719 5,318 3,296 576 3,941 929 660 4,248 17,590 2,536 10,298 176 9,877 99 877 334 10,320 33,815 888 9,849 55 10,027 234 131 152 7,061 2,627 202 4,329 1,468 168 269 2,872 101 3 4 5 6 7 8 q Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut 8 10 1 1,015 2,131 169 District of Columbia 12 8 46 3 1 4 6 18 2 18 2.S 1 1,640 644 7,910 752 1.56 720 699 2,417 100 2,864 9,514 170 10 11 Illinois 19 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 97 Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire 18 2,560 53 34 5 2 3,806 7,189 854 288 98 New York 99 30 31 32 Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island 307 7 1 90,169 1,998 676 41 2 7,609 104 34 South Carolina i 8 5 i76 870 650 1,106 16,731 7,065 1,098 1,725 2,934 1,434 2,078 6,169 69 36 V Tennessee 282 49 7 87 17 8 126 2 06,177 10,747 3,126 28,048 2,7.59 2,456 4,764 25,292 .500 38 Utah 39 i4" 800" 43 1^ Group 14.— PAVING HIATERIAliS- Continued. United States. . District of Columliia. Illinois New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Rhode Island Wisconsin All other states 8952, i 1,919 58 79 (ilO 373 3.52 313 27,021 40,532 288,897 182,0.59 43,108 33,418 192,352 146,497 58 79 610 373 86 48 352 313 $9.52,884 27,021 40,532 288,897 182,069 43,108 .33,418 192,352 146,497 8469,848 14,411 45,239 116,306 116,620 43,081 3,261 13,964 116,966 $26,063 300 260 2,600 4,419 1,864 400 730 15,590 $21,451 378 6,124 3,035 6,163 1,210 36 1,266 4,250 Group 1.— PEANUTS, GRADING, ROASTING, CI^EANING, AND SHEl,L,ING— Continued. United States. Virginia All other states 1,356 8206,281 ( 281 SS.5,775 996 $112,479 79 .S7,027 1,332 , 24 196,268 9,013 271 10 79,635 6,140 J 982 14 109,006 2,873 79 7,027 1 $233,841 $20,010 S5,51S 226,663 7,178 16,810 3,200 5,046 472 Group 14.— PENCIL,S, I.E AD— Continued United States 8 1,(1.59, 071 ; 1,282 1,607 8420,641 $.35,633 8860,070 $10,910 .521,618 GENERAL TABLES. 345 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Contimu'd. Group S — PATENT JUKDIC'INES AND <»]»IPOITNIJS-r,,ntinued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent of oflices, interest, etc. S24, 039, 042 Contract work. .S244. 820 18, 094 18, 595 158, 369 14,96', 236,733 8,037 75,688 17,489 615,486 4,069,259 l,359,88:f 523. 700 S2.085 619.068 til. 844 129. 097 313.29; 2.602.648 486. 56 i 684.254 12,930 1,110,921 22, S:.i5 66, .5(;3 63, 654 532, 076 5,642,170 60, 374 1, 010, 743 970 1, 218, 523 14,310 3,030 7,200 871, 651 161, 166 6,331 496, 360 83, 823 9,921 25,902 512, 517 7,945 300 314 2. Ii32 OST OF MATERIALS USEP. Aggregate. 1,972 661 55, 250 1.630 1,600 1,786 200 2.640 101.000 3.185 384 4. 666 200 95 300 21,900 180 22. 642 75 20, 984 821,293,051 41,886 39. 901 289.202 1 15, 680 1S5, 461 10.771 35. 080 302. 901 238. 056 2. 442. 029 .567.769 704.386 66.581 515. 381 196, 686 109, 650 509, 086 2, 288, 010 243, 272 1,282,742 15, 449 962, 674 10, 495 138, 828 35, 978 803,033 4, 310, 239 110,618 1,591,591 4,415 1,305,641 I 20, 361 9,641 5,604 8.37, 601 217, 664 10.450 369. 681 106. 602 12.807 48, 641 283, 200 7,410 Principal nuitt-rijil.'; Total. Purcliased in raw state. .S20. 670. 256 $1,363,210 I'urehasi-d in partially inauiifaetun' 38,855 .... 3 110,771 ' 1,000 18,066 709 3,420 3, 393 45,000 4 106, 4a5 i 563 40,007 2,700 5 6 715 2,110 7 11,969 1,300 8 97, 126 9 1 1 Oroup 1.— PEANUTS, URADVNG, RO.VSTING, C1.EANIIVG, AND SHEL,l,ING Continued. $208,313 1 $6,324,357 $6,237,130 36, 222, 847 $14, 283 $23, 312 .$4,230 .$1,940 $57, 745 $7,260,810 1 204,807 3,506 6, 149, 326 6,066.299 170. .831 6,052,066 170, 791 14,243 40 20,972 2.340 2,380 1.850 1.930 10 67.746 7,056,036 205,774 2 175,031 3 Group 14.— PENCILS, LEAD— Continued, $1,80.3,634;; $1,683,682 I $201,493 $1,482,189 , $58,529 ,273 .543.670 816. 380 346 MANUFACTURES. Table 5. -SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14.— PENS, FOUNTAIN ANI> STYIiOGRAFHIO. (See also Pens, gold; and special report on Pens and pencils.) STATE OR TEEEITORT. Nuinl:)er of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 33 81,097,825 146,000 $72,371 $138,330 8841,124 26 272 New York •> 12 8 3 10 518, 102 136, 746 130,000 312,977 63,130 ^ 4.54.972 12 4 2 8 88 41 10 133 3 4 5 Ohio Wisconsin 16,500 8,000 21,. 500 10,000 16,000 46,371 30,293 10,000 34,907 79,953 96,000 210,199 Group 10*— PEINS, GOLD. (See also Pens, fountain and stylograjiliic; and special report on Pens and pencils.) 1 United States 16 8446,933 I 8100, 923 8346,010 15 77 ? 12 4 362,978 83, 955 1 84,179 278,799 67,211 12 3 68 9 3 All other states ^ .*. .. 16, 744 Group 3.— PENS, STEEIj. (See also special report on Pens and pencils.) United States ^ S575, 788 835,000 863,000 8146,636 8-331,252 Group 8.— PERFUMER V AND COSMETICS. (See also Druggilsts' i>reparatIons. United States. California. . . Connecticut . Illinois Indiana Iowa Maryland Massachusetts . Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio ,-.. Pennsylvania. Rhode Island. Texas , Virginia Wisconsin All other states ^ 100 16 28 3 6 3 3 16 84,843,026 111,315 8,430 294,969 9,130 117,250 84,444 112,8.54 296,677 69,400 151,495 224,6.53 2,655,007 98,804 375,939 27,077 23,085 14,942 64,816 102, 739 8126, 975 1,000 1,000 2,300 1,000 1,750 5,, 500 200 8,000 31,200 5,400 38,800 600 15, 100 2,000 100 2,000 25 11,000 8209,460 360 2,000 4,100 200 14, 100 13, .500 100 22,000 17, 500 17, 780 77, 150 500 9, .500 3,880 ■ 200 4,000 100 22, 500 .?37S,.584 I 4,128,007 6, 550 300 20,773 430 3,825 8, 565 5,002 19, 793 2, .300 34,5.55 11,270 203, 960 9, 540 31,, 520 4,180 2, 135 \ 420 3, 954 9, 512 103,415 5,130 267,796 7, .500 97,575 56,879 107, 552 246,884 18,400 116,940 190,203 2,335,097 88,154 319,819 17,017 20,630 8, 522 60, 737 .59,727 Group s. PETKOI-EUM, REFINING. (See also special rei>ort on Petroleum, reflnins.) United States. California New Jersey Ohio Pennsylvania All otlier states '-' 19 4 12 43 20 8136,280,541 5,4.53,012 37,135,719 10,384,741 32,846,578 .50.460,491 810,221,401 .520,017 4,ljn,406 694,604 1,583,414 3.282,960 89,389,369 ■ 459,915 2,385,553 742, 333 2,464,759 3,336,809 S.53,223,807 1,900,860 13,144,806 3,214,746 11,664,990 23,298,405 •?63,445,f«U 2,572,220 17,464,954 5,7.33,058 17,133,415 20.542,317 10 18 65 20 41 61 551 18 83 1 94 49,337 17 1,323 4 10,669 12 4,406 42 13,268 19 19,681 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Connecticut, 1 ; Illinois. 2; Indiana, 1; Massachusetts, 2: New Jersey 1- Pennsvlvnnin •?■ Tflmrto T=i,ir,ri i 'Includes estabUshments distributed as follows: Illinois, 3; Rhode Island. 1. ■ ' ' ''""'■y'^'""'!' 2, Knoat Island, 1. 'Includes establishments distributed as follows: New Jersey, 2; New York, 1; Ohio, 1: Pennsylvania, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 347 STATES AND TERRITORIES; 1905— Continued. Oroup 14.— PENS, FOUNTAIN AND STYIiOGRAPHIC. (See also Pens, gold; and special report on Pens and pentilw. - Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNEES. Aggregate. OtBcers ot corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerics, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 24 190 $155,967 25 846,400 165 $109,567 92 $78,306 73 $31,261 708 539 1 7 8 111 26 28 25 101,710 21,364 16, 775 16,118 13 5 4 3 28, .300 9,600 4,800 3,800 98 21 24 22 73,410 11,864 11,975 12,318 54 9 12 17 52,282 8,380 7,300 10,344 44 12 12 6 21, 128 3,484 4,675 1,974 402 96 35 175 284 85 24 146 2 3 4 9 5 Group 10.— PENS, GOliD. (See also Pens, fountain and stylograplil c; and sx>eeial report on Pens and pencils.) 15 34 $42,287 7 $12,816 27 $29, 472 20 $26,890 7 $2,582 338 294 1 13 2 20 14 31,306 10,981 3 4 8,490 4,325 17 10 22,816 6,656 16 4 22,316 4,574 1 6 500 2,082 283 55 253 41 2 3 Group 3.— PENS, SXEEIj. (See also special report on Pens and pencils.) $60,487 $15,900 $44, 587 $36,883 $7, 704 754 612 Group 8.— PEKFUMERl; AND COSMETICS. (See also Druggists' i>reparatlons.) Ill 12 33 1 6 1 3 16 816 432 36 32 7 5 5 $877,091 14,625 2,510 90,538 1,680 19,900 9.653 22, 430 42,686 5,600 18, 308 47,499 499,700 31,707 37,134 8,200 6,400 2,890 6,012 I 10, 720 93 $203, 636 4 31 5 3 3 4 9.600 2,260 38,680 780 6,331 '9,294' 1,080 24,055 85, 665 3,540 4,500 4,900 4,800 2,640 3,200 3,520 723 12 1 75 1 .30 7 23 44 6 19 23 401 31 29 4 1 1 5 10 $673, 456 6,125 260 51,958 900 19,900 4, .322 22, 430 33, 391 5.500 17,228 23, 444 414,036 28, 167 32,634 3,300 600 250 2,812 7,200 38 1 5 5 18 20 6 10 16 262 15 23 1 $538, 440 3, 025 36,220 900 8,040 3,699 21,030 22, 606 6,000 13,360 19, 126 349, 177 16, 340 30,038 2,000 250 1.560 6,170 $136,016 2 5 24 1 139 16 6 3 2,100 260 15,738 ■11,860 723 1,400 10,786 500 3,868 4,318 64. 8.68 11,827 2,596 1,300 600 1,262 1,030 3 191 7 40 61 58 219 18 60 196 12 10 13 29 66 48 2 3 » 1,55 4 6 5 14 6 34 7 43 8 102 9 7 10 83 11 86 12 968 13 .50 14 133 16 10 16 8 17 9 IS 17 19 32 20 Group 8.— PETROliEmi, REFINING. (See also special report on Petroleum, reflnlng.) 24 1,974 32,724,065 152 $612,428 1,822 52,111,637 1,692 82,041,076 130 $70, 561 19,621 13,713 1 162 363 216 408 825 211,752 685, 641 266, 171 656, 501 1,104,000 16 16 20 50 50 48,475 143,500 60,480 1.38, 565 221,408 146 347 196 358 775 163,277 442,141 205, 691 417.936 ,S,S2,.592 130 344 186 322 711 154,346 440, 153 200,591 396,632 849,454 16 3 11 36 64 8,931 1,988 6,100 21, 404 33,138 867 4,070 2,181 4,922 7,581 682 3,311 1,694 3,411 4,71.5 ?. 3 4 22 2 5 6 * Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado,!; Delaware,!; District of Columbia, 1; Florida,!; Georgia,!; Kansas, 2; Kentucky, 1; Louisiana, 2; Maine, 1; Nebraska, 1; North Carolina, 1; Oregon, 1; Tennessee, 1; Vermont, 1. = Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 2; Indiana, 1; Kansas, 1; Louisiana,!; Maryland. 1: New York. 6; Texas, 7: West Virginia, 1; Wyoming, 1. 348 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14 PENS, FOUNTAIN AND STY1.0GKAraiC— Continued. STATE OE TEPEITOEY, WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average numher. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States New York 624 S307,688 502 S271,523 110 $33,358 12 $2,807 $312,372 $26,329 $3,813 ? 348 90 29 157 160,427 41,333 13,740 92,188 291 -. 64 29 118 143,301 34,626 13,740 79,957 57 21 17, 126 5,608 198,651 33,062 55,288 25,371 18, 630 3,826 738 3,135 1,956 844 415 698 3 Ohio 6 1,200 4 Wisconsin 5 All other states 32 • 10, 624 7 1,607 Group 10.— PENS, GO I.IJ— Continued. 1 United States New York 309 $225,454 290 $219,696 17 $5,. 533 2 $325 $61,407 $12,397 $736 ? 266 43 201,397 24,057 249 41 196,079 23,617 16 4,993 640 2 326 61,773 9,634 9,237 3,160 634 202 3 Group 3 PENS, STEEl.— Continued. United States.. United States. California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Iowa Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Texas Virginia Wisconsin All other states $204, 7 58 $28,978 553 $166,316 $9,484 $53,011 $1,347 Group 8.— PERFUMERY AND COSMETICS— Continued. S2,131 :,082 $768,537 54 21,664 3 850 162 71,994 6 2,250 29 9,565 44 14,102 46 20, 869 150 42,636 Id 3,600 86 34,620 102 34,682 (I9X 411,246 49 16, 676 159 .56,974 11 4,799 S 2,116 8 2,62fi 21 7,336 37 12,244 663 17 ] 61 3 7 14 17 36 2 33 38 353 17 46 2 2 3 7 16 $374,233 12,044 350 34,000 1,650 3,966 7,989 10, 179 15,259 1,500 20, 196 19,486 196, 272 8,117 27,766 1,404 1,040 1.631 4,196 7,199 1,388 36 2 109 3 21 27 29 112 64 741 32 102 9 4 3 14 21 $389,433 9,370 500 37,578 600 5,389 5,767 10,690 26,912 2,000 14,320 15,097 214,259 7,658 26,616 3,395 764 600 3,139 4,889 $4,871 250 2" 416 1 3 200 356 2 365 1 104 4 7i5 12 1,602 2 2 312 396 $2,485,8 55, 479 1,332 414,361 2,821 81,636 19,371 76, 187 130,002 20,033 24,867 338, 879 1,044,872 80,072 96,146 7,663 12, 776 1,366 27,875 50, 163 $167, 729 7,000 300 20,637 170 1,188 2,240 4,825 7,748 400 3,577 3,980 92,015 6,172 10,677 564 1,060 300 1,300 3,576 Group 8 PETROIiEUM, REFINING— Continued. $16,649 352 112 39 180 581 2,268 744 2,731 1,147 3,854 636 644 293 46 196 173 1,243 1 United States 16,770 $9,989,367 16,266 $9,832,124 82 .526,117 432 .$131,126 .$5,297,508 $40,668 $572,663 ■> 678 3,721 1,900 4,227 6,244 477,118 2,196,996 1,053,598 2,371,027 3,891,628 678 3,686 1,717 4,112 6,163 477,118 2,138,193 999,040 2,342,811 3,874,962 146,719 1,209,166 752, 712 1,218,672 1,970,339 2,526 16,226 206,665 79,030 49,979 221,774 3 1 54 2 25 358 18,602 657 6,600 134 129 113 56 .57,446 35,956 27,659 10,066 4 6 6 Ohio Pennsylvania All other states 6,393 3,731 28,919 GENERAL TABLES. 349 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. , Group 14.— PENS, FOUNTAIN AND ,STA-L,OGRAPIllt^-Continuc,i. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent of ollices, interest, etc. Contract work. 8279,230 $3,000 175,065 3,000 28,392 54,135 21,638 Aggregate. $892,206 623,756 77,122 77,190 114,i:5S COST OF MATERIALS USED. Principal materials. Total. $880,648 019,351 75,437 76,400 109,400 I'urctiased in raw state. Purchased in partially manulactured form (includ- ing "aU other materials"). 833,242 $847, 406 619,351 75, 437 76,400 76,218 Fuel. $4,083 000 '2,'574' Rent oi power and heat. $5,423 3,141 Mill sup- plies. Value of products, in- I eluding cus- [ toin work and Freight. I repairing. $1,902 365 60 45 1,442 $2,082,005 1,334,049 231,762 188,150 328,044 Group lO.— PENS, G01.D— Continued. $48,274 S274,2a5 $269,462 $269,462 $649 $3,253 $796 S75 8692,029 1 42,002 -..' 252,500 248,410 21,052 248, 410 21,052 630 119 2,926 327 634 162 fiir 53.3 1 6,272 : 91 I'X^ 75 80,796 1 Group 3.— PENS, STEEL.— Continued. $44,533 $5,000 $103,005 $86,829 $6,148 $308 81,159 $473,847 Group S.— PERFIIMERV AND COSMETICS— Continued. 32,297,393 $4,030 4S,127 420 500 392,878 2,612 79,782 16,951 70,781 118,986 1,000 18,.S.89 17,3.59 1,200 333,7.52 948,903 100 73,365 84,825 6,706 10, 440 1,230 871 26,402 45.344 $4,781,603 84,721,624 97,833 16,086 386,090 5,702 101,375 97,165 16,050 383,043 5, .552 99,804 54, 458 .551,783 211,798 9,184 177,748 .52,992 550,324 209,715 8,174 176,036 190,337 ; 2,531,982 1 81,423 220,442 6,743 184,604 2,499,333 79,694 217,993 6,324 22,946 8,069 38,238 69,366 21,895 7,999 37,212 67,815 8117,611 60 1,600 9,120 1,170 100 'ii'lso' 46,106 26,200 14,114 1,325 60O 25 '6,'i4i' $4,604,113 97,105 14,650 373,923 5,562 98,634 62,892 550,324 198,666 8,174 129,930 168, 404 2,486,219 78,269 217,493 6,324 21,895 7,974 37,212 61,674 823,110 $12,164 $3,. 537 821,168 $11,132,859 1 180 70 180 256 .30 20 1,466 70 929 796 30 600 300 454 2,280 10,561 822 361 331 48 817 846 620 220 456 228,482 .32,000 1,122,951 17,400 241,164 137,437 7.35,943 622, 405 53,513 328,072 846,073 12 5,571,795 13 258,789 14 513,622 16 32,001 16 50,562 I 17 16,745 : 18 86,614 19 237,391 : 20 Group 8 — PETROIiECJITI, REFINING— Continued. $4,635,029 $49,248 $139,387,213 $1.33,328,575 $107,, 585, 425 825,743,150 85,136,266 83,l}68 8403,886 8514,818 8175,005,320 1 128,919 1,002,511 667,504 1,159,400 1,676,695 50 4,130,809 39, 546, .565 7, 662,. 397 38,921,919 49, 126, .523 3,923,421 38,383,713 7,142,680 36,892,803 46,985,958 3,443,191 30,359,688 5,159,256 31,976,045 36,647,246 480,230 8,024,025 i; 983, 425 4,916,758 10,338,712 191,386 923,822 497,738 1, .543, 861 1,979,469 1,377 2,368 145,017 21,814 1.33,991 100,696 12,2.57 93,013 166 361,274 68,109 6,748,598 46,608,984 10,948,864 47,459,502 64,239,372 2 3 7-i5 5,462 42,951 4 5 2,291 6 350 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14 PHONOGKAPHS ANB GRAPHOPHONES. STATE OR TEKRITORY. 1 Number of estab- lish- ments. > CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. / Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 14 $8,740,618 S260,000 8663,779 81,361,546 86,555,294 13 2,812 ■> 4 10 3,574,316 5,166,302 130,000 130,000 345,264 218, 515 756, 784 606,761 2,343,268 4,212,026 4 ' 9 1,782 1,030 s All other states i Group 14.— PHOTOGKAPHIC APPAKATUS. 1 United States 40 $1,988,463 $72,516 8254, 480 $638, 414 $1,023,063 33 1,406 Illinois 7 4 3 17 9 57,541 21,899 32,908 1,689,080 187,035 500 4,000 800 3,500 238,619 7,661 15,000 7,089 14,877 659, 728 41,720 38,041 14,010 13,931 822, 217 134,854 4 4 3 15 7 42 47 42 1,102 173 3 4 600 68,616 2,800 ■; 6 All other states 2 Group 14.— PHOTOGKAPHIC MATEKIAIiS. 1 90 85, 731, 462 8218,924 $1,071,210 $1,617,385 $2,923,943 60 4,700 9 3 3 13 10 6 4 27 3 12 9 160,824 23,364 426, 223 139, 497 1,305,860 82, 200 3,023,632 15,700 373,889 180, 273 59, 124 9,087 86, 810 61,583 160, 114 14,050 944,659 3,900 140,346 37,812 101, 700 14, 277 333,642 60, 148 750, 306 36, 160 1,364,527 11,800 233,543 '17,850 3 2 11 7 6 3 12 2 11 4 168 6 165 116 866 33 3,141 8 129 70 4 Illinois 1,000 6,600 88,797 4,000 105,996 4,771 11,266 306, 643 28,000 608,550 t; H Ohio 12, 631 111,980 Group e.—PHOTOI^IXHOORAPHINO AlVD PHOTOENGRAVING. (See also Litliograpliing and engraving; Stereotyping and electrotyping; and special report on Printing and publisliing.) United States. California Connecticut District of Columbia Illinois Indiana Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Washington Wisconsin All other states ^ 223 $4,070,813 22 129,951 7 66, 861 3 187,929 21 604,969 3 27, 562 4 34, 620 3 12,750 3 26, 114 3 39,715 18 248, 853 9 230, 180 7 57, 188 10 73,301 6 470, 124 48 926, 124 11 137,064 23 584, 921 4 21,948 5 65,732 14 125,927 842, 600 2,700 8,000 11,800 5, 000 13, 600 8141,365 5,360 49, 257 6,500 42,8 $1,713,911 $2,172,947 193 82,050 39, 861 22 28,266 38,595 5 107, 431 SO, 498 3 349,749 255,220 17 12, 400 15, 162 2 24, 536 9,084 4 10,300 2,450 3 4,700 20, 414 2 11,616 28,099 3 103, 846 145,008 17 40, 862 160,668 9 22,000 35,188 6 38,818 34,483 8 90,392 318, 675 4 406,466 508, 158 34 65,400 81, 664 11 241,219 287, 104 21 11,250 10,698 4 30, 719 36,013 5 41,892 67,035 13 1,940 92 35 45 434 15 29 15 4 7 165 139 25 63 54 373 159 168 18 35 65 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Connecticut, 4; Illinois,!; New York, 2; Ohio, 1; Pennsylvania, 2. ' Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 1; Cotmecticut, 1; Indiana, 1; Massachusetts, 2; Minnesota, 1; Ohio, 1; Utah, 1; Wisconsin, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 351 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued. Group 14.— PHONOGRAPHS AIVD GRAPHOPHONES. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALAKIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EAENEKS. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing tlie year. Least number employed atanytjne time dur- ing tlie year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 6 637 .?666, 489 32 $218,329 505 $448, 160 427 $411,216 78 $36,944 4,189 2,547 1 283 254 318,924 347,665 13 19 88,818 129,511 270 236 230, 106 218,064 231 196 212,308 198,908 39 39 17, 798 19, 146 2,204 1,985 1,601 946 o 6 3 Group 14.— PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS. 22 317 S27S, 420 31 $65,960 286 $212, 460 203 $176,632 83 $35, 928 2,009 1,499 1 7 7 8,448 2 4,900 6 3,548 4 2,668 1 880 21 17 2 4 s 4,860 2 2,400 6 2,460 1 900 5 1,660 37 11 3 1 4 6,042 2 2,600 2 2,442 1 2,080 1 362 38 30 4 5 oy.-) 239,284 19 48,285 253 190,999 184 160,697 69 30,402 1,748 1,322 5 5 26 20,786 6 7,775 20 13,011 13 10,287 7 2,724 165 119 6 Group 14.— PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIA1,S. 52 838 SS30, 2S7 77 $202, 190 761 $628,097 588 $553,345 173 $74, 762 2,446 1,768 1 17 8 194 17 70 4 462 8 46 12 24,944 6,632 147,711 17,616 124,214 4,440 450,270 2,914 38,459 13,087 6 4 13 8 9 15,600 3,356 32,266 11,255 41,450 12 4 181 9 61 4 438 3 39 10 9,344 3,276 115, 445 6,361 82, 764 4,440 368,228 144 26,608 11,487 5 3 169 6 64 2 322 3 29 5 6,420 2,912 103, 650 5,161 78, 112 3,620 322,306 144 21,538 9,482 7 1 22 3 7 2 116 2,924 364 11,795 1,200 4,662 820 45,922 106 14 290 119 341 18 1,249 16 209 86 96 14 203 68 264 17 957 10 113 27 1 6 6 3 4 6 6 4 21 7 24 5 7 2 82,042 2,770 11,851 1,600 8 9 7 10 6 5,070 2,006 10 11 Group 6. -PHOTOIjITHOGRAPHING and photoengraving. (See also Litliograplilng and engraving; Stereotyping electrotyping; and special report on Printing and publishing.) and 968 9 9 229 11 10 4 11 17 71 61 19 19 14 203 51 148 3 27 25 $933,617 27,570 11, 192 16, 121 240,442 11,923 6,410 2,260 2,663 14,637 63,227 46,702 13,970 22,252 27,628 238,407 37,489 110, 482 2,445 16, 475 22,422 140 $279,360 10,920 8,936 6,650 75,946 7,600 3,391 2,760 6,800 4,680 7,300 18, 113 73,429 11, 476 20,615 9,194 12, 750 20 3 7 200 7 6 4 11 14 71 67 16 15 11 168 42 138 3 21 14 $654, 257 16,650 2,266 9,571 164, 496 4,323 3,019 2,260 2,663 11,877 63,227 39,902 9,290 14,952 9,415 164,978 26,013 89,967 2,445 7,281 9,672 13 2 7 157 3 So73, 431 199 13, 770 1,736 9,571 143,532 2,777 2,339 1,560 1,750 11,877 57, 721 34,385 5,560 12, 160 8,477 166,861 21,920 72,864 2,445 3,254 $80,826 2,880 520 20,964 1,646 680 700 913 6,606 5,617 3,740 2,802 938 8,117 4,093 17, 103 4,027 780 4,580 174 72 115 66 29 12 42 387 213 114 128 250 1,141 191 663 36 124 181 3,403 141 66 68 646 38 62 24 11 36 318 104 144 872 163 336 18 107 120 'Includes establishments distributed as follows: Connecticut, 1; Indiana, 1; Iowa, 1; Minnesota, 1; Oregon, 1; Vermont, 2; Wisconsin, 2. < Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 1; Colorado, 2; Georgia,!; Kansas, 1; Nebraslia, 1; New Hampshire, 1; Rhode Island, 2; Tennessee, 2; Texas, 2; West Virginia, 1. 352 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14 PHONOGRAPHS AND GRAPHOPHONES— Continued. STATE OR TEREITOEY. WAGE-EAKNEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. • Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States New Jersey 3,397 $1,683,903 3,025 $1,564,625 364 $117,859 8 $1,419 $1,653,762 $23,089 $7,948 ■> 1,967 959,104 724,799 1,710 1,315 876, 185 688,440 251 113 82,050 35,809 6 869 550 1,302,425 351,337 8,892 14,197 3,578 4,370 3 All other states 1,430 Group 14 PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS— Continued. 1 United States 1,751 .SS72;963 1,473 $787,071 i 250 $80,350 28 $5,542 $471,592 $29,854 $11,726 9: Illinois Michigan 17 29 34 1,525 146 10,451 13,309 18, 182 757,030 73,991 17 26 27 1,280 123 10,451 12,631 16,130 680,568 67,291 7,067 7,242 5,805 434, 406 17,072 2,249 641 1,700 19,352 6,912 153 145 165 10,696 567 3 4 2 7 218 23 450 2,052 71,148 6,700 1 228 «; 27 5,314 6 All other states Group 14 PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIAL,S— Continued. 1 United States.. California Colorado Illinois Massachusetts Missouri New Jersey 2,061 103 14 2.50 86 308. 17 1,089 8 132 54 $923,252 i 56,812 6,934 116,889 39,609 155,989 10,950 458,339 2, .584 55,911 19,235 ! 1,185 .3664,273 835 $250,995 41 $7,982 $1,544,790 $79,637 .$22,697 2 3 4 52 9 134 53 222 11 681 6 89 28 41,708 5,330 67,736 30,596 130,654 9,101 319,509 1,914 43,749 13,978 50 4 116 ■ 29 74 5 499 2 30 26 14,878 1,404 49,153 8,002 23,132 1,669 136,412 670 10,418 5,257 1 1 226 200 17,874 6,996 106,857 23,674 190,876 6,193 1,090,556 1,420 93,774 6,570 10,920 2,640 18, 108 4,664 120 520 27,190 492 13,. 563 1,620 209 158 1,630 744 4,001 337 IS, 148 128 102 240 6 6 4 12 1 9 1,011 2,203 180 2,418 8 9 New York Ohio in 13 1,744 11 All other states Group 6 — PHOTOIiITHOGRAPHIlVG AND PHOTOENGRAVING— Continued. United States. California Connecticut I)i strict of Columbia Illinois Indiana Kentuclry Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Micliigan ... Minnesota ".-. Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Washington Wisconsin All other states 3,876 143 62 91 596 46 59 25 12 39 349 194 102 113 180 443 25 103 1.39 $2,916,073 i 118,699 33, 781 72, 158 619,387 29,479 21,291 6,956 4,568 26,025 264, .320 145,921 66,064 82,675 81,265 839,284 146,337 301 , 124 20, 336 75,634 70, 770 3,341 129 56 91 628 46 53 23 7 39 293 95 174 344 23 $2, 753, .521 114,132 32,056 72, 168 489,057 29,479 18,865 6,400 3,450 26,025 239,053 138,115 56,319 75,279 58, 129 822,375 144,374 276, 393 19, .SS2 74, 134 68, 847 $146,354 2,951 1,726 27,841 1,826 180 1,118 14,521 7,458 9, .390 5,296 20,770 14,485 1,703 23,771 350 1,.500 11,468 $16,198 600 375 2 348 ■> 355 11 2,100 14 2,366 13 2,424 2 260 11 1,960 1 104 $874,648 19,979 10, .545 15,813 180,866 16,409 4,306 4,770 4,857 6,060 71,035 41,708 16,112 18,296 67,344 211,912 35,731 101,171 4,229 34,2.58 20,247 $206, 132 11,225 2,364 4,920 40,431 2, 136 1,912 1,140 456 1,760 17,688 5,212 5.202 8,2.15 1,400 62,5.58 9,099 17,606 2,040 5,240 5,498 Sll,17 436 143 281 1,336 33 138 30 26 272 863 2,266 186 286 1,517 966 744 812 1.39 GENERAL TABLES. 353 STATES AND TERRITORIES; 190.5— Continued. Group 14.— PHONOGRAPHS AND GRAPHOPHONHS— { ontinued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent of offices, interest, etc. •SI, (US. 485 Contract work. S4, 240 1,289,365 590 329,120 3,660 Aggregate. 84,161,136 2,370,202 1,790,934 COST OF MATERIALS USED. Principal materials. Total. 2, 21.i 1.722 Purchased in raw stale. Purchased in partiallj' manufactured form (includ- ing ''all other niatcrlal.^"). $3, 934, 867 2, 212, 330 1,722,627 Fuel. Kent of power and heat. 329, 520 Mill sup- plies. 16,461 I 16,411 34,316 13,069 5,930 27,117 Freight. 1110,020 87, 719 22, 301 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. 810,237,075 .5,931,835 4,305,240 Group 14.— PHOTOOKAPHIO APPAKAXUS— Continued. 1 8430,012 '.. S7S.J,S17 1 5745,383 $745, 383 $22, 127 .57,210 $5,139 $5,958 $3,479,317 1 4,665 ' 7,760 6,342 23,347 669,318 79,060 6,608 4,992 21,668 637,975 74,240 6,508 4,992 21,668 637,975 74, 240 520 1,219 620 17,293 2,475 618 72 814 4,671 1,036 102 59 246 4,223 510 2 1 47, 700 33,969 71, 860 3,119,734 206,054 ? 6, 456 1 3 3,940 1 5,"i66' 800 4 404,358 6 10, 593 fi Group 14 PHOTOGKAPHIf niAXERIAl.S— Continued. SI. 436, 556 $5,900 S3, 375, 713 $3, 238, 263 S428 ' $3,237,835 $71,565 $30,802 $7,786 $27,297 $9,543,980 1 6,745 4,198 84,819 18, 366 183,756 1 5,336 1,047,618 800 80,109 4,810 71, 806 12, 6G0 278, 901 - 69,560 573, 160 25,897 2,072,648 6,825 226,753 47, 513 62, 875 11,100 260, 502 54, 338 552, 741 24, 855 2,004,096 6,485 217,273 43,938 62,875 ' 11,160 200,502 1,000 624 110 6,165 3,293 100 270 13,939 120 6,828 353 90 25 775 387 1,682 19 3,951 30 630 197 7,217 1,365 9,852 94 196,336 39,001 763,767 148,074 1,428,437 62,976 6, 403, 317 16,400 426, 647 70,026 ■> 3 2,300 2,607 1,448 18,627 7,53 43,013 120 987 3,010 4 428 63.910 552,741 24, 865 2,004,096 6,485 1 217,273 43,938 5 3.000 6 7 600 7,649 70 1,035 15 S 9 in 11 Group 6 — PHOTOIilXHOGRAPHING AND PHOXOENGRAVXNG— Continued. 1580, 136 8,018 7,075 10, 612 102, .300 10, 5.55 2,256 3,600 4,375 3,028 48. 136 34,230 7,874 9,766 54,427 147, 171 18, 408 70, 748 2,000 21,420 14. 137 $77, 208 300 963 36,800 3,685 4,358 2,860 1,217 7,480 12, 005 60 7,500 $1, 303, 147 56,086 15,256 29,903 268, 751 11,337 7,696 8,862 11, 650 10, 322 84, 148 65, 548 22, 646 33, 868 51, 598 413, 395 36,726 128, 253 9,610 20,086 38,506 $1,197, SI. 197, 49, 190 13,290 27,949 239, 851 10, 104 6, 049 I . 7,556 11,505 8,470 77,810 51,604 20,378 29,739 49,974 89, 607 30,241 15, 366 8,190 16,318 ' 33,779 49, 190 13,290 27,949 239, 851 10, 104 6,649 7,565 11, 505 8,470 77, 810 61, 504 20, 378 29,739 49, 974 389, 607 30,241 116, 366 8,190 16, 318 33, 779 $13,769 192 933 504 16 50 24 25 2, 558 967 60 266 974 3,127 852 2,023 150 645 $83, 376 4,996 810 1,220 17,519 1,183 900 1,242 104 1,802 3,525 2,899 1,908 3,527 360 19, 278 4,181 9,512 1,390 3,393 3,627 $3, 318 118 17 230 461 25 15 17 25 40 178 40 140 826 312 716 5 S5, 225 1,690 206 625 25 300 297 150 657 140 636 25 225 329 $7,268,262 307, 668 84, 906 218, 501 1, 365, 495 78, 394 61,146 38,000 27, 104 62, 258 641, 833 343, 401 145, 149 205, 176 233, 326 1,987,970 321, 395 802, 024 66, 446 166, 411 221,760 MFC — PT 1 — 07- -23 354 MANUFACTURES. Table 5. —SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Groui> 1.— PICKLES, PRESERVES, ANO SAUCES. (See also Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables; and special report on Canning and preserving, iruits and vegetables, tisli, and oysters.) STATE OR TERRITORY. United States. California. . . Colorado Connecticut. Florida Illinois Indiana.. . Iowa Kentucky. Louisiana. Maine Maryland Massachusetts Micliigan Minnesota Missouri Now Jersey... Now York.... Oliio Oregon Pennsylvania - Rhode Island. Texas Vermont Virginia 26 Washington 27 West Virginia 28 Wisconsin 29 ! All other states ^ Number CAPITAL. POWER. of estab- Number lish- ments. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and Cash and sun- dries. of ostab- lish- Total horse- implements. ments re- power. porting. 528 519,439,640 $1, 739, 240 S3, 177,066 82,449,320 812,073,924 337 11,119 52 ' 934,816 41, 400 96, 420 192, Oil 604, 986 28 440 8 251, 162 23,000 48,600 31, 193 148, 469 7 174 7 93, 536 7,600 28, 693 12, 705 44, 638 6 126 3 17, 658 1,000 3,600 1,860 11,308 59 2,299,807 146, 150 269, 160 246, 774 1, 647, 733 31 1,044 14 621, 474 17, 400 79,675 100,306 424,093 7 476 19 934, 700 80,850 197, 675 120, 947 636, 228 15 468 7 535, 457 40,360 30,568 44, 632 419,897 6 266 10 280, 886 151,350 46, 600 22,093 61, 843 7 204 6 49,087 1,300 2,460 10,200 .36, 137 4 120 20 163,667 20,010 38, 660 22,462 82, 545 14 114 30 764, 184 9,296 31, 925 99,321 623,643 14 281 16 r 65, 032 84,375 228, 668 128,902 513,087 12 607 15 396, 306 23, 400 66, 860 49, 864 266,201 11 146 13 606,460 4,000 167, 265 46, 509 399, 676 13 271 17 229, 432 16, 100 29, 569 29,008 165, 765 16 284 102 2, 416, 289 243, 766 341,334 274, 008 1, 657, 181 60 1,341 30 829,218 51,855 146, 589 109, 266 521,608 26 1,091 3 38, 263 6,763 32, 500 37 5, 381, 208 576,916 1,011,183 597,243 3,195,867 31 2,522 3 392, 113 98, 408 79,384 21,776 192, 546 3 96 6 66,210 6,850 7,700 16, 160 26, 610 4 78 3 13, 345 300 2,000 5,300 5,745 2 46 7 137,367 3,684 31,366 21,690 80,627 2 50 9 109,866 26,010 23,650 15, 405 - 44, 800 6 46 5 324,990 25, 262 66, 792 92,883 140,063 6 423 12 167, 465 12,000 31,275 19, 856 94, 324 9 104 15 450,664 28,600 90,625 113,214 218,125 8 412 Group 14 PLPES, TOBACCO. United States Illinois Massachusetts Missouri New Jersey New York Pennsjdvania Virginia All other states 2. , . 31,255,675 49, 250 14, 800 194, 630 20, 490 728, 467 172, 206 27, 700 48,032 $31, 150 100 9,600 2,100 13, 400 600 2,060 3,500 $136, 428 300 31,978 3,560 87, 000 600 8,750 3,250 $227, 846 1,860 8,500 31,576 7,690 106, 775 34, 560 11,650 25,345 .5861,151 47, 400 6,900 121,676 7,150 521, 292 136, 546 5,360 15, 937 1,058 22 191 32 571 135 47 62 Group 10.— PliAXED WARE:. (See also Sllversmitlilng and silverware.) 1 United States 60 $13,830,480 ' $498, 106 $1,513,192 $3, 540, 635 88, 278, 547 62 6,870 22 4 5 14 15 10,568,602 475, 063 236, 191 1,693,447 867, 277 366, 546 37, 000 6, 600 22, 960 66, 100 1,161,894 68, 527 28, 697 182,908 91, 166 2, 614, 485 114,306 62, 668 488,216 261,000 6, 436, 577 265, 170 138,426 999,363 439,011 22 3 6 7 15 3,952 186 146 1,863 723 3 Illinois . 4 1 fi All other states 3 1 Includes establiahments distributed as follows: Arkansas, 1; Georgia, 2; Idaho, 1; Kansas, 2 Mexico, 1; South Carolina, 1; Tennessee, 1; Utah, 2. ^Includes establishments distributed as follows: Connecticut,!; Iowa, 1; Kentucky,!; Maryland, 2; Michigan,!; Ohio,! 1; Nebraska, 2; New Hampshire, 1; New GENERAL TABLES. 355 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continutn Group 1. PlCKLiES, PKESEKVES, AND SAUCES. (See also Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables; and special report on Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables, fisli, ami ojslers. i Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFIt lALS, CLESKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNEES. Aggregate. General superintendents; managers, clerics, do. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing tliff year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 6,416 i Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. 82.286,517 Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 582 2,179 157 20 2 ,?304 , o;i4 26,080 6,800 2,080 2,022 »1, 982, 423 1,757 81,843,988 266 $138,435 15,014 1 45 10 s 4 65 18 19 9 9 6 23 34 18 14 12 25 134 24 5 42 81 15 15 1 144 72 53 56 16 10 41 47 61 42 53 36 165 102 6 1,046 3 1 14 35 15 36 ,S1,-I71 ' 2.1,, ''i20 8,931 260 152, ,'^7!1 89,883 57,,">S7 57,495 12,370 6, 902 24,SJ6 43.9,V2 79.828 52, 944 56,470 16,905 175,889 116,819 4,791 1, 102, 274 10,040 2,662 780 5,630 13,955 34,263 14,720 36,451 61 13 13 1 129 70 44 49 14 8 34 42 55 33 48 35 154 90 6 1,034 1 7 1 5 10 30 8 30 56,391 18,720 6,851 260 122,799 84,183 42,387 38,996 10,270 4,902 16,546 31,952 67,028 38,772 40,070 15,905 144,258 91,376 4,791 1,069,511 1,040 2,662 780 4,130 10,210 23,963 6,920 27,7.51 47 12 9 47, 999 17,820 5,640 14 1 4 1 15 4 13 8 2 2 7,392 900 1,211 260 8,100 2,2,S0 5,4.T2 4,144 610 525 677 137 111 21 1,516 .590 1,152 3.54 418 110 211 380 1,029 214 371 244 2.1)08 1,200 45 2, 302 148 57 25 688 68 379 212 341 273 91 46 15 756 171 160 135 102 44 84 197 526 104 234 104 732 371 27 2 3 4 15 2 9 7 2 7 9 8 1 11 12 30,080 5,700 15,200 LS.SOO 2,100 2,000 8,300 12,000 12,800 14, 172 16,400 1,000 31,631 25,443 114 66 31 41 12 6 34 28 42 29 38 29 129 75 5 934 1 7 1 6 9 18 8 27 - 114,699 81,903 36,965 34,851 9,660 4,377 16, 546 25,657 59,658 37,550 36,240 13,365 129,688 81,772 4,391 1,015, .587 1,040 2,662 780 4,130 9,850 17,681 6,920 26,567 6 7 8 9 10 11 14 13 4 7 6 25 15 1 100 i;,295 7,370 1,222 3,s:so 2,640 14, .570 9,604 400 53,924 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 ?0 12 2 32, 763 9,000 1,475 21 ■ 87 22 9 2 15 4 2 11 16 15 10 188 43 149 81 196 91 •>/\ 2 4 5 7 5 1,.500 3,745 10,300 7,800 8,700 :::: ■55 1 12 360 6,282 26 27 3 i 1,184 29 Group 14 PIPES, TOBACCO. 82 82 $80,570 8 811,400 74 «69, 170 60 163,343 14 85,827 2,215 1,748 1 4 6 4 6 46 2 7 7 7,710 7 7,710 6 7,190 1 620 16 41 316 40 1,365 275 64 108 16 36 276 36 1,060 230 24 72 9. 3 22 21,052 7 10, 100 15 10, 952 14 10,712 1 240 4 5 37 12 1 3 36,308 11, 180 1,200 3,120 37 12 1 2 36,308 11, 180 1,200 1,820 26 11 1 2 31,865 10, 556 1,200 1,820 11 1 4,443 624 6 7 8 1 1,300 q Group 10.— PLATED WARE. (See also Silversmitliing and silverware.) 21 474 8647,. -j85 59 8176,366 415 §471,219 310 3417,201 105 .S.-)4,01S 7,227 5,116 1 2 306 449,736 35 120,072 270 329,664 209 295,756 61 33,908 4,331 3,210 2 3 23 32,343 2 3,600 21 28,743 17 25,823 4 2,920 188 78 3 2 11 14,664 3 7,240 8 7,324 7 6,700 1 624 139 98 4 8 78 82,770 7 21,344 71 61,426 47 51, 170 24 10,2.56 1,840 1,170 5 6 57 68, 172 12 24,110 45 44,062 30 37,752 15 6,310 729 560 6 ^Includes establishments distributed as follows: Indiana, 2; Maine, 2; Maryland, 2; [Minnesota, 1; Missouri, 1; New Jersey, I; Ohio, 2; Pennsylvania, 2; Rhode Island, 1; Virginia, 1. 356 MANUFACTURES. Table ;■>.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 1.— P1CKL.es, PKESERVES, AND SAUCES— Continued. STATE OR TEEEITORY. WAGE-EARNEES AND TVAGES. MISrELLANEnUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 10 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent oi works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States California 8,511 S3, 068, 263 4,356 32,116,110 4,004 8931,461 151 820,692 84,060,397 $206,445 382, 141 n 361 103 68 7 1,001 324 444 204 186 72 90 227 064 116 228 142 1,018 567 18 1, 746 108 30 184 44 256 86 224 164, 843 57,020 27, 097 3,694 410, 834 104, 483 126, 171 60, 410 39,934 16,512 29, 713 97,565 191,721 49,984 90, 133 50, 780 413,049 177,043 7,991 633,859 63,333 11,382 1,964 29,382 22,010 76,528 21, 354 70, 474 203 48 45 7 466 189 278 105 87 33 69 120 269 64 101 68 659 299 9 920 70 14 4 86 30 69 32 112 110,576 35, 972 24, 253 3,694 290,444 76,191 91,965 38,094 27,268 9,848 25,871 70,418 116,562 33,268 59,636 33,890 290, 936 121, 662 •6,667 449,460 49, 220 6,936 1,816 21,324 18,411 41,862 13,369 48, 508 156 56 13 43, 787 21,048 2,844 3 480 129, 946 56,429 7,268 583 392, 175 84,157 ■ / 48,727 116,715 16, 607 10, 183 22,818 209,435 135,218 37,314 146, 737 ' 28, 748 620,897 176. 181 11,631 1,594,199 12,074 18,042 1,396 11,474 10, 653 69,531 18, 128 85,231 15, 353 3,386 498 360 46,672 3,893 1,814 2, 800 2,250 1,790 2,773 17,813 4,818 2,472 8,461 6,485 54,384 8,395 1,550 9,116 400 820 160 840 2,100 2,100 2,578 2,476 3,869 1,603 449 73 9,562 2,785 4,4S2 2,772 688 340 1,696 2,738 8,951 1,564 2,364 489 8,276 3,963 393 16,036 2,402 230 45 884 668 2,234 717 2,028 Connecticut Florida Illinois Indiana Iowa 5 6 7 517 1.35 164 99 42 38 18 99 396 49 125 74 448 263 9 813 36 16 1 92 13 184 46 105 147,563 28,292 32,966 22, 316 7,330 6,564 3,573 26,455 76, 169 16,416 30,098 16,890 119, .526 64, 971 2,334 181,727 13,801 4,446 148 7,368 3,299 34, 261 7,089 20,200 18 2,827 8 2 240 10 11 12 13 11 Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri 56 1 3 8 5,336 100 269 692 16 16 17 3 2 300 400 18 11 6 2,587 410 19 Ohio . - ''0 ''1 13 2 2,672 312 w 0^ Texas ''5 6 1 3 7 7 700 300 406 896 1,766 'O 07 West V&ginia OH Wisconsin f>q Group 14.— PIPES, TOBAjCCO— Continued. 1 United States 1,947 8830,801 1,687 1768,662 226 $66,913 35 $5,226 $183, 800 $37,430 SI, 964 16 38 285 30 1,207 255 31 85 9,200 22, 350 82, 560 12, 421 549,726 120, 266 5,471 28,819 15 33 234 24 1,065 233 21 62 8,934 21,100 73, 151 11,163 609, 321 115, 697 4,519 24, 777 1 4 37 6 139 12 7 19 266 1,100 7,169 1,258 39,,S24 3, 220 758 3,31S 12, 298 4,085 39, 658 1.745 94,864 18,623 725 11,802 1,408 2,620 400 874 24.945 0.325 118 116 355 111 675 327 127 125 3 Massachusetts i 14 150 2,230 ^ 3 3 4 580 1,348 194 724 Virginia 8.58 Group 10.— PL.ATEI» WARE— Continued. 1 United states 6,281 $3,360,425 5, 187 $3,014,874 998 S327, 295 96 $18,256 31,691,366 $34,183 $51,541 3,854 166 113 1,496 652 2, 099, 247 87, 222 61,683 762, 466 349, 808 3,235 136 96 1,155 666 1,894,691 78, .527 56, 241 658, 105 327, 310 545 28 16 330 79 190, 941 8,347 5,147 101,360 21,. 500 74 3 1 11 7 13,616 348 295 3,000 998 1.280.223 29,779 12.734 215.076 123,654 14,184 96 1,178 13,982 4,743 40, 179 1,720 1,365 6,261 3,026 s t\ GENERAL TABLES. 357 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 1.— PICK1.es, PRESEKVES, AND SAUCES— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERI.ILS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent ol offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregaie. Principal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw State. Purcliased in partially manulactured form {includ- ing "all otiier materials")- S3. 769, 369 S13, 452 816,634,858 815,925,030 86,582,495 S9, 342, 635 S206,046 S32,990 126,065 S444, 727 S29, 696, 287 1 110,7,34 51,540 6,321 150 329,658 77, 479 42,347 111, 143 12,569 8,053 18,349 188,884 117,049 33,23.8 134,922 22,774 556,737 163,833 9,688 1,569,023 9,272 16,992 1,201 9,760 7,896 55. 197 14.833 80,728 648, 740 177,622 630,976 170, 167 54,739 11,636 2,351,676 459,488 614, 322 601, 599 111,857 160, 743 109, 616 1,2,52 506 1,078,129 284, 268 474, 166 269,700 2,069,298 879, 762 27,040 3, 394, 262 169, 638 156,396 2,886 100,293 112,607 314, 713 81,883 211,788 273,957 76,993 10,7,33 1,970 846,828 133,396 369, 347 126, 474 54,666 119,399 48, 672 111,373 678,023 185,383 96, 726 202,061 1,09,3,037 659, 019 13,215 1,090,942 109, 236 137,499 1,710 47, 622 26,874 143,620 66,305 67,516 367,018 93, 164 44,006 9,568 1,604,848 326,092 144,975 375, 126 67, 192 31,344 61,044 1, 141, 132 500, 106 98,886 377, 430 67,639 966,261 320,743 13,825 2,303,320 60, 402 17,896 1,175 52,671 85,733 171,093 26,678 144, 272 6,996 6,610 1,468 390 21, 196 11,560 6,428 4,470 2,404 1,348 2,360 8,723 12,220 4,989 5,408 3,976 20,835 16,286 500 48,282 57 564 228 1,764 845 5,248 1,080 11,924 6, 286 868 778 1,097 41 6,706 1,036' 300 22, 703 5,652 1,686 15,000 1,846 2,726 1,129 2,362 154,823 86 15,432 4,161 8,069 77,856 1,267,098 346, 769 120, 274 31, 300 3,909,988 806,769 895, 169 807,237 9 3 57,273 12, 322 2, 408, 193 477, 160 523, 668 621, 403 116,642 164,886 113,222 1,267,146 1,249,599 289, 690 496, 445 268, 466 ■ 2,097,234 975, 737 27,546 3,492,091 171, 523 161,628 3,414 102,246 113,767 337, 822 83, 186 2S7, 300 4 96 11, 334 24 112 24 318 12 3,218 1,576 160 248 226 7,386 348 5 68 44 390 235 1,000 >i 6,393 1,285 426 1,120 310 217 68 105 338 2,852 87 201 405 ■ 1,647 1,485 6 7 84 8 9 253,069 '■ 10 194,859 11 248,364 1,809,933 1,974,644 623, 645 814,089 488.830 3,931,399 1,650,832 51,290 7,224,100 301, 116 246, 770 9,959 214, 932 196,397 688,478 184,578 514, 439 1? n 4,400 60 14 15 16 17 2,600 18 19 20 25 8,514 1,784 1,805 30 89 30 678 116 557 40,965 21 3,474 271 100 50 ' 16, 183 106 63,006 23 ■'4 25 26 27 28 25 99 Group 14 PIPES, XOBACCO— Continued. Group 10.— PjLATEB WAKE— Continued. $144, 416 $1,354,348 SI, 319, 330 $488,033 $831,297 $13,090 $9, 400 $5,921 $6, 607 $2,834,496 1 10,772 1,349 38,903 760 69,244 11,971 598 10,819 70,964 35,477 145, 144 14, 519 924, 383 97,269 5,233 61,379 69,878 34, 124 141, 647 13, 270 910,273 91,952 3,563 54,633 26 69,863 34, 124 80,938 10, 830 576, 675 22,830 3,120 34,027 50 310 1,666 909 4,213 2,635 1,080 2,238 618 621 90 120 6,208 1,046 10 222 1,171 220 2,770 820 600 108 500 300 581 919 807 3,' 566' 114,974 77,900 329,290 33,450 1,880,874 270,020 14,373 113,615 2 3 60,709 2,440 334,698 69, 122 433 20,606 4 6 6 7 8 ' 900 9 $1,593,066 $12,585 86, 448, 619 $6,288,643 $7, 361 35,281,282 $110,334 $21,062 $15,922 $12,658 $12,138,886 1 1,216,225 27,963 10, 201 225, 832 112,835 9,636 3,639,808 140,886 49,902 1,262,657 355, 466 3,561.682 133,649 45,965 1,229,086 328,371 3,551,682 133,549 46,965 1,229,086 321,010 70, 610 3,756 2,887 12,215 20,866 2,321 1,000 695 14, 190 2,856 11,343 299 210 3,169 901 3,852 2,282 156 3,897 2,472 8,125,881 ,313,988 183, 101 2, 516, 744 999,172 ?. 3 4 5 2,950 7,361 6 358 MANUFACTURES. Table 5. -SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Groui> 1 — PL,! JIBEKS' SIII»P1,IES. (See also Brass t-astlngs and brass linlshliig.) STATE OK TEBKITOKY. Number ot estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 185 820,290,463 .SI, 739, 452 $3,615,696 84,721,935 $10,213,480 161 14,086 2 5 12 15 5 7 8 18 4 3 10 42 22 23 3 4 4 94,150 881,149 4,103,229 662,440 817,748 376,662 1,268,074 243,297 67,005 688,259 2,395,361 1,674,214 6,446,618 26,199 466,476 211,782 6,000 45,623 492,880 44,300 39,060 6,859 87,976 39,000 550 38,221 192,650 121,880 567,841 1,400 42,712 12,600 2,500 99,220 786,900 92,670 133,120 20,479 203,105 46,000 20,000 132,419 192,808 192,777 1,564,059 1,800 109,339 20,400 46,060 133,962 746,861 136,483 257,844 60,562 282,907 77,116 12,500 184,786 403,713 336,780 1,849,177 3,600 126, 199 66, 407 40,600 602,344 2,077,698 288,987 387,724 287,662 684,086 82,182 23,956 332,834 1,606,290 1,022,777 2,466,441 19,399 178,226 113,376 3 11 13 5 6 7 16 4 3 9 32 20 22 2 4 4 55 379 2,390 663 746 191 1,546 408 158 310 1,551 1,556 3,396 7 646 186 3 Connecticut 4 Illinois. . 6 6 Maryland 7 8 Michigan t 10 11 New Jersey 1' New Yorli. . 13 Ohio 14 Pennsylvania 16 Rhode Island 16 17 All other states i Group 5.— POCKKTBOOKS. (See also L.eatlier goods.) 1 United States 46 $2,127,824 $66,800 $200,228 $194,682 $1,666,214 16 367 •>. 4 3 31 8 331,179 794,947 843,487 158,211 3,200 31,000 27,600 5,000 28,000 134,340 30,800 7,088 26,559 54,046 100,817 13,160 273, 420 576,561 684,270 132,963 3 2 9 2 36 250 75 7 3 New Jersey . . 4 5 Oroup 9.— POTTERY, TERKA i'OTTA, AND FIRE CI^AY PRODUCTS. products.) (See also Rrick and. tile; and special rex>ort on Clay United States. Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut District of Columbia Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansa.s Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania South Carolina Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states ^ 873 $110,926,018 $18,637,403 .$34,947,500 $21,166,402 $36,175,713 751 107,755 16 3 22 11 6 446,446 23,934 3,484,004 832,306 288,344 118,986 700 435,254 125,400 36,190 126,369 3,800 1,195,624 232,160 84,647 107,971 10,500 741,934 236,760 96,531 92, 120 8,934 1,111,292 238,996 70,976 7 1 18 10 4 805 25 2,282 2,108 145 6^ 21 45 38 7 343,095 890,771 6,607,832 3,836,667 136,910 102, 162 160,843 1,176,621 473,726 10,200 167,618 292,425 1,892,787 1, 0371 045 64,660 25,064 234,484 1,341,173 . 867,697 32,860 68,251 203,019 2,197,251 1,468,200 29,200 4 7 35 36 6 295 2,075 6,112 6,498 280 4 21 6 16 26 235,392 1,517,792 46,450 1,147,521 1,591,612 21,230 212,263 16,500 229,584 294,087 91,874 406,968 8,000 339, 168 435,954 48,946 293,248 6,800 266,389 273,364 73,343 606,323 14,150 323,380 587,607 4 17 5 15 20 560 2,799 101 1,484 1,241 6 4 33 90 43 116,762 996,336 5,378,074 21,047,395 5,111,181 25,200 169,790 907,868 3,661,420 883,169 22,000 274,363 1,609,591 6,368,506 1,279,663 23,450 196,684 973,338 3,426,119 1,116,029 46,102 356,499 1,887,277 7,691,351 1,832,430 6 4 28 S3 39 372 775 6,199 14,964 4,370 6 205 3 168 U 91,125 26,360,319 176,077 25,706,824 97,438 7,230 3,525,324 40,300 6,673,402 3,600 12,486 S, 575, 764 33,600 9,323,917 27,060 10,470 4,709,651 43,700 4,994,150 38,800 00,940 9,549,680 68,477 6,816,355 28,088 1 200 3 146 6 325 25,182 [ 240 23,596 426 8 22 6 3 185,581 178,484 90,938 121,2.51 13,856 20,135 19,900 450 43,590 27,532 21,400 28,000 63,210 62,019 25,888 49,000 74,926 78,798 23,750 43,801 6 6 3 3 635 600 175 235 6 17 4 8 987,290 2,267,416 24,900 561,662 98,375 300,400 4,750 08,000 171,766 700,281 8,975 50, 150 317,926 463,837 7,. 590 112,932 399,235 _ 812,898 3,585 330, 480 5 16 3 7 1,179 2,028 70 776 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Delaware,!; Iowa, 1; Minnesota,!; Tennessee 1 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: California,!; Illinois, 2; Ohio, 1; Pennsylvania, 2; Wisconsin 2. GENERAL TABLES. 359 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 10 — PliUMBEKS' SlTPPliIES. (See also Brass castings and brass flnlsliing:.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EAENEES. Aggregate. Officers ol corporations. General superintendents, managers. 3lerks, etc Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 123 1,026 $1,213,908 163 8391,296 862 $822,613 739 $760,956 123 $61,657 12, .572 8,727 1 6 4 5 1 7 3 14 1 8 38 151 45 49 43 126 24 1 44 129 131 187 3 28 18 8,900 43,840 175,806 61,219 49,228 50,100 162,995 33,068 700 63,326 144,885 145,240 221,368 2,936 31,629 18,678 2 6 14 10 8 6 18 5 1 3 26 26 23 4,200 15,200 38,076 17,720 15,322 17,300 46,000 9,600 700 10,560 47,330 60,420 81,278 6 32 137 35 41 37 108 19 4,700 28,640 137,731 43,499 33,906 32,800 116,995 23,468 6 27 123 29 35 30 82 19 4,700 26,732 129,987 39,665 30,854 29,560 102,935 23,468 89 311 2,363 640 797 289 1,040 206 68 652 1,669 1,206 2,996 9 299 238 77 252 1,877 396 684 207 639 178 50 344 1,288 785 1,671 7 179 194 .-, 5 14 6 6 7 26 1,908 7,744 3,834 3,052 3,250 14,060 3 i 6 6 7 8 : 3 10 6 30 15 24 4 1 41 104 105 164 3 21 9 52,766 97,655 84,820 140,080 2,936 15,749 6,968 37 96 85 140 3 19 8 49,828 93,286 76,788 128,796 2,936 16,063 6,368 4 8 20 24 2,938 4,269 8,032 11,284 11 12 13 14 7 9 15,880 11,710 2 1 686 600 16 Group 5.— POCKEXBOOKS. (See also Leather goods.) 62 157 ■ $234,446 13 $50,800 144 8183,646 132 8176,244 12 .37,402 2,628 1,865 1 1 2 50 9 32 62 51 12 58,454 115,988 44,114 15,890 4 2 2 6 13,500 24,000 4,000 9,300 28 60 49 7 44,964 91,988 40,114 6,690 24 59 43 6 41,754 91,208 37,442 5,840 4 1 6 1 3,200 780 2,672 760 483 748 1,181 216 381 613 679 192 2 3 4 5 Group 9.- IPOTTEK"!', XERKA COXXA, ANB FIBE CliAY PRODUCTS. products.) (See also Rrlclc and tile; and' special report on Clay 550 3,752 $4,627,739 763 j $1,669,760 $2,957,979 $2,775,848 382 $182,131 63,666 42,683 1 18 42 28 7 106 1 87 21 37 260 146 7 15 80 1 58 56 15 18 178 648 256 1,047 7 619 6 14 11 5 6 19 71 3 18 19,965 61,410 19,418 5,385 48,170 329,365 183,179 7,960 18,197 92,301 675 54,920 60,609 9,960 34,090 251,014 842,773 328,073 12,000 ,176,748 11,050 737,908 4,800 19,265 10,260 6,090 4,683 26,476 134,695 3,080 23,762 2 5 34 123 60 2 212 3 116 2 3 1 1 1 4 17 11,165 10,125 1,040 41,440 23,630 12,614 30,025 127,190 61,029 3,500 6,000 43,585 16,220 15,588 1,010 21,800 76,880 314,620 132,726 6,000 396,950 7,800 228,403 1,800 5,600 1,800 1,500 333 7,200 74,818 2,100 21 217 114 3 14 64 1 46 46 13 13 144 525 206 4 835 4 603 4 11 10 4 5 16 54 3 15 58,048 27,880 6,804 6,385 18,145 202,165 122,150 4,460 12,197 48,716 675 38,700 45,021 •8,960 12,290 175,134 528,253 196,348 6,000 779,798 3,250 509,505 3,000 13,665 8,460 4,590 4,350 19,276 59,877 3,060 21,662 61 18 6 7 20 196 99 2 13 49 1 44 40 11 11 137 476 171 2 465 4 11 10 3 5 14 42 3 14 56,648 24,940 5,920 17,746 192,829 116,696 4,260 11,872 47,088 675 38,140 41,759 8,666 10,750 170,754 503,984 179,829 6,000 702,473 2,400 489,651 3,000 13,666 8,460 4,110 4,350 18,676 62,532 3,060 21,142 38 1,600 2,940 416 400 9,336 6,654 210 326 1,628 660 3,262 394 1,540 4,380 24,269 15,619 77,325 850 19,854 600 7,345 520 368 28 1,019 600 ■ 130 707 2,976 2,416 130 1,624 46 1,152 704 244 342 2,911 11,069 3,226 123 18,699 90 11,646 110 329 296 46 132 199 1,638 20 414 237 13 723 . 403 122 91 458 1,951 1,553 1,017 496 174 270 2,207 7,703 1,939 , 82 13,301 30 6,968 60 268 192 29 166 1,047 10 277 1 34 3 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Maine, 2; Mississippi, 2; Montana, 1; New Hampshire, 2; Vermont,!. 360 MANUFACTUEES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 10 PliUMBEUS' SJJPPLiIES— Continued. STATE OR TEEEITOKT. WAGE-EAKNEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States 10,753 S5, 996, 361 10, 436 .55,916,894 260 870, 154 68 $9,313 $1,895,324 8127,227 $91,469 f. 82 274 2,169 462 706 247 ' 833 192 36 479 1,418 '999 2,413 6 242 207 50,926 131,126 1,303,667 247,213 280,528 140, 415 389,334 119, 437 16, 805 290,745 860,710 499,001 1,437,442 3,727 125,398 99,987 77 252 2,038 462 674 247 804 190 35 475 1,412 996 2,341 6 230 196 49, 426 126, 647 1,271,366 247,213 276, 742 140, 415 380,812 118,620 16,806 288,991 858,988 498, 177 1,421,320 3,727 122,779 96,867 6 17 110 1,500 4,648 30,942 8,246 36, 468 244,221 158,962 107,639 49,228 226,280 19,259 2,680 182,297 264,207 169,774 336, 166 3,676 64,966 21,277 4,380 1,775 6,686 1,000 6,269 4,052 7,135 2,100 290 3,937 54,082 14,673 18,802 350 60 1,836 394 4,936 19,183 2,597 7,072 3,476 13,142 1,676 31 2,696 12,493 8,632 13,279 95 1,192 676 3 5 11 931 1,260 4 Illinois . . 6 Indiana fi 27 3,986 4 800 7 Massacliusetts 8 Michigan 18 2 6,667 817 11 1,865 9 10 New Hampshire 11 New Jersey 4 3 3 60 1,764 1,172 824 12,631 1' New York. . . 3 550 13 Ohio 14 22 3,491 15 Rhode Island 16 10 11 2,203 3,120 2 416 17 Group 5.— POCKETBOOKS— Continued. 1 United States Massachusetts 2,281 3796,986 1,208 $499, 761 997 $280,380 76 $16,864 $238,987 $23,902 $5,0^ 9 433 663 980 205 160,968 246,716 341, 107 58,194 132 323 646 108 67, 774 137. 462 269,219 35,296 297 285 328 87 82, 194 96,764 81,034 21,398 4 55 7 10 1,000 13,600 854 1,500 35, 064 67,805 128, 058 18,060 1,000 288 20,685 1,929 1,628 2,123 1,046 240 3 4 New York 5 All other states . Group 9.— POTXEJKY, TERRA COTTA, AND FIRE CliAY PRO DITCTS— Continued. 1 United States 52,428 $26,177,665 46,342 $23,069,369 5,953 $1,862,043 1,133 $246,263 $7,666,053 $111,063 $436,839 2 265 22 860 476 141 111 692 2,416 2,019 78 131 1,312 36 925 667 203 313 2,532 9,487 2,695 84 15,919 66 8,669 88 297 218 34 81 162 1,270 12 357 86,968 7,869 656, 426 268, 421 61,416 50,862 165,706 1,243,702 980,967 41,017 55,763 466,690 11,730 389,071 293,958 101,459 185,366 1,246,606 4,722,010 1,333,463 19,648 7,676,782 36,600 3,979,298 19, 573 127,987 91,278 19,877 17,421 113,643 633,559 6,270 180,470 261 20 858 474 116 111 676 2,370 1,702 73 127 1,226 31 764 497 202 313 2,504 8,261 2,270 79 12,456 55 7,889 81 296 215 33 61 162 891 12 356 86,636 7,569 555,001 26?, 619 64,474 50,852 163,744 1,227,110 919,605 39,233 64,892 441,300 11,262 346,448 272, 709 101,309 186,366 1,236,462 4,373,427 1,208,283 19,035 6,543,232 36, 450 3,780,856 18,873 127,894 90, 664 19,825 14, 495 113,543 616,526 5,270 180,345 4 2 2 332 300 425 18,221 824 146, 417 56, 178 13,294 9,494 51,916 624,637 316,978 16,814 19,686 146, 070 1,177 83,061 144,741 76,702 46,434 430,263 1,210,464 464,536 6,514 2,194,882 14,924 1,162,866 4,784 54,899 73,664 13, 123 3,160 66,103 200,990 3,381 110,067 220 1,306 59 U,967 16,647 743 900 4,028 18,019 16,648 649 1,040 6,495 64 11,625 8,897 1,775 5,391 30,813 66,142 29,137 469 122,661 1,662 62,666 314 1,066 835 495 100 3,514 8,185 138 4,809 3 Arkansas 4 California.. . 564 4,182 5 Colorado 2 21 802 6,006 fi 4 936 7 District of Columbia Georgia 1,560 S 16 13 17 2 2 18 6 80 10 1 1,962 4,794 3,985 800 465 3,090 468 14,643 2,295 160 q Illinois. 33 300 3 2 68 11,798 57,317 984 416 10,600 878 1,520 443 10 11 Iowa. . 12 13 Kentucky 14 Louisiana 640 4,447 5,974 I"! Maryland .... 81 60 29,080 18,964 Ifi 17 Michigan 18 Minnesota 19 5 958 407 1,280 286, 132 123,144 23 268 18 6 114 1 473 7 1 3 1 14 7,863 62,461 2,036 613 24,919 160 106, 643 700 93 624 52 926 7,085 17,315 24,497 30 7,867 '0 '>1 New York 99 OS Ohio . . 3,349 1,108,631 '4 Oregon 9^ 307 91,799 16,229 238 102 190 % '7 ■JS Texas 29 Utah in 6 2,000 200 31 Washington West Virginia 32 351 113, 100 28 3,933 33 Wisconsin 80 16,892 34 Ah other states 1 125 GENERAL TABLES. I STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 10,— PMJMBEKS' SUPP1.IES— Continued. 361 MISCBLLANEODS EX- PENSES— cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of ofnces, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purcliased in partially manul'actured form (includ- ing " all otlier niaterinls"). 51,695,608 1 S81,020 S9, 923, 810 S9, 196,039 890,284 89,106,755 $439,065 $28,915 886, 107 $173,694 $21,542,486 1 1.662 29, 747 21S, 452 155,365 64,298 41,700 168, 185 15,483 2,359 175, 316 197,632 145,969 295, 418 1,564 63.714 IS, 765 1,820 55,813 154, 369 1,718.847 339,575 634,861 308, 187 784,017 166,331 17,205 674,171 1,842,673 1,018,948 2,070,502 7,631 205,663 126, 027 52,290 139, 300 1,524,260 283, 581 495,865 297, 473 736,998 162,828 14,749 513,550 1,781,098 982,347 1,917,221 7,098 182,592 114, 783 '""i,'666" 23,387 2,000 52,290 138, 306 1,600,873 281,581 495, 865 297, 473 736,998 146,828 14,749 508,650 1,780,478 933,271 1,914,020 7,098 182,592 114,783 1,318 11,371 83,814 23, 985 27, 936 6,114 21,091 8,874 557 30.869 41,120 29,683 122, 419 142 21,689 8,073 1,560 370 6,467 96 1,942 12,601 10,644 6,200 2,194 3,407 698 199 10, 582 9,264 4,127 24,279 41 472 572 650 1,370 91, 805 21,365 6,860 1,066 19,414 100 1,340 18. 452 6,587 601 2,795 167, 400 416,946 4,207,628 819,614 1, 121, 360 563,682 1,683,766 348, 174 42.314 1,200,865 3.409,325 2,017,589 4, 740, 037 25,507 470, 470 319,020 2 3 4 5 30,000 fi 1,340 3,107 3,931 360 718 4,614 2,190 3,788 360 7 37, SIS 8 6,000 9 10 350 8,000 620 49,076 3,201 11 12 700 8,656 1,676 13 14 15 910 1,479 16 120 17 Group S.-POCKETBOOKS- Contmued. .51SS,049 ! $22. 000 $1,926,723 $1,914,696 $95,686 $1,819,010 $4, 687 $3,760 $2,015 $1,765 $3,767,446 1 32,436 !.. 55,394 .. 84,328 16,891 .. ""22.' 666' if 267, 751 661,778 847, 494 169,700 265,991 647, 323 842,578 158, 704 95,586 170, 405 647,323 842,578 158,704 626 2,750 572 640 832 103 1,705 82 125 200 676,634 1,217,049 1, 680, 522 294, 241 2 2,842 86 1,420 145 4 5 11 Group 9.— POTXERV, TEKKA COXTA, ANJD FIKE CLAV PRODUCTS— Continued. $7,007,580 $100, 581 $16,591,462 $9,096,632 $5, 868, 663 $3,236,869 $6,563,778 $30,018 $405,998 $496,136 364,200,792 1 16,695 765 133,486 36,449 12,551 7,034 47, 812 450,622 298,910 . 14,722 18, 546 140,575. • 573 66,989 119,382 74,927 41,043 392,355 1,126,957 394,096 6,015 2,064,114 6,362 1,067,722 3,232 53,731 72,639 9,593 2,860 52,589 192,805 3.163 88.366 78, 367 3,640 396,238 296, 310 38, 762 22,114 144,292 732,100 646,969 28,630 36, 821 347,315 7,590 137,680 174,834 43,397 194,864 761,746 2,955,803 872,259 26,626 4.823,023 44, 136 2,909,408 13,871 79, 194 70, 351 29,176 30,293 120,723 345,962 3,267 187.796 30,766 746 175, 496 132,187 18,002 1,310 33,755 264,337 316,832 15,229 13, 739 175,888 4,899 77,743 84,215 5,571 71,665 366,669 1,603,687 527,221 983 2,966,493 20,689 1,707,661 320 37, 415 14,651 17,855 9,470 54,919 244,225 1,025 101,881 23,611 580 144,110 122, 440 11,160 7.164 166 31,386 9,747 6,842 1,310 17,152 •131,702 142, 193 4,843 9,803 23, 467 1,798 33, 462 26,757 3,691 6,582 84,029 721,326 233,898 653 1,370,592 3,112 216,738 25 5,986 6,744 2,608 2,070 3,218 111,703 14 17,200 45,318 2,750 181,910 139,343 11,609 19,717 86,674 428, 144 297,737 12, 540 22,039 158,706 2,336 55,613 76,726 36,941 120, 760 360, 144 1,179,976 302,361 20,830 1,611,664 21,438 1,021,937 11,818 36, 186 47, 673 9,817 7,418 60,696 92,052 2,187 78,838 2,284 25 9,835 7,383 440 1,086 7,974 16,508 12,284 401 1,043 5,633 245 4,128 3,636 730 2,459 25,532 98, 872 18,563 206 85,222 2,009 77,435 1,703 5,393 2,092 784 1,406 3,290 4,827 65 2,627 273, 393 400' 120 24,434 14, 676 7,985 1 15,989 19,378 20, 116 360 20, 250 3 4,563 2,822 726 1,761,213 1 4 786,818 5 144,180 1 6 111.453 7 75 55, 118 16,603 132,635 173,639 10,386 3,936 152, 421 3,101 44,281 67,458 1,880 65,073 281,640 882,361 293,323 430 1', 596, 901 17,577 1,491,923 295 31, 430 7,907 15,247 7,400 51,701 132,522 1,011 84, 681 479,927 3,256,312 2,643,139 78, 449 181,392 1,246,565 30,964 861,729 718,266 289,919 562,726 3,083,406 11,717,103 3,288,891 106, 437 18,560,840 129,886 10,759,272 41,216 309,275 326,728 76,886 77,221 415,786 1,286,286 15,358 579,540 8 3,739 9 10 11 12 7,188 110 13 14 196 650 25 16 io, 488 9,607 130 16 17 IX 300 7,912 2,680 100 65,356 21,444 3,608 156, 723 19 60 6,806 20 21 22 250 7,000 16, 359 1,000 3,931 23 ■54 1,474 30 100,901 25 '6 200 5,935 27 28 3,035 720 ■"1 12,000 1,818 4,858 .30 ■^1 250 4,200 34 — 362 MANUFACTURES. Table 5 SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Oroup 6.— PRINTING AND PUBLHSHING, BOOK AND JOB. (See also Bookbinding and blank book making; Printing and liubllslilng, music; Printing and jiu bllslilng, newspapers and periodicals; and special report on Printing and publlslilng.) STATE OR TEKRITOHY. United States. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territorj' Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland ^ Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming All other states i Number of estab- lish- ments. 8,244 57 4 18 361 90 177 13 76 30 75 6 867 10 181 135 82 100 62 91 142 247 179 21 310 70 66 232 1,693 55 10 616 16 53 856 79 23 7 77 134 27 40 103 101 37 131 3 5 Total. $142,015,638 388, 487 56,300 263,885 3,981,315 1,158,831 1,951,602 162,531 991,322 217,696 959,268 16, 450 17,681,220 20,960 3,260,088 1,287,801 697,066 1,615,954 733,939 ■ 551,984 1,568,540 10,133,845 3,090,103 2,489,296 126,135 6,664,504 83,999 925, 729 211,245 3,769,679 39,917,783 271,311 106,274 9,052,700 109,168 665,392 17,778,182 925,372 259,006 125,399 971,009 1,918,533 253,647 173,641 1,921,465 845,678 278,064 1,661,736 24, 157 17,329 13,970,274 4,000 1,000 4,000 27,984 64,600 128,250 17,200 123,250 5,600 25,200 392,088 2,600 66, 150 30,359 6,160 102,620 21,160 16,380 30,480 398,778 101,096 49,946 23,860 136,800 20,500 3,000 248,435 971,081 6,050 100 220,407 1,600 3,050 464,165 33,550 5,000 2,000 36,000 51,850 9,100 1,675 45,580 6,660 17,600 42,760 2,500 300 Buildings. S8, 31 8, 204 6,550 3,000 11,000 47,400 79,200 168,762 18,478 68,000 10,600 21,330 1,267,362 400 247,723 74,435 22,664 114,800 25,500 66,125 77,370 701,316 172,434 171,257 12,900 229,600 47, 150 7,360 823,695 1,840,127 5,800 400 866,651 600 4,960 711,283 26,250 8,816 8,000 67,200 76,070 6,000 4,476 97,034 3,100 46,660 66,668 3,500 500 Machinery, tools, and implements. S64,282,083 ■264,119 19,200 162, 181 2,165,986 663,375 917,710 87,376 466,836 148,238 651,934 11,150 8,548,884 15, 200 1,615,707 669,860 389,411 878,320 477,511 296,373 893,624 4,594,824 1,496,567 1,174,246 62,400 2,825,626 53,795 487,054 135,430 1,570,618 16,919,786 197, 430 68, 100 4,099,184 64,480 349,806 7,430,757 475, 167 139,051 49,401 498,667 931,121 137,966 99,371 676,369 527,494 160,060 941,172 14,443 10,903 Cash and sun- dries. 865,445,017 113,818 33, 100 96, 704 1,749,946 461,656 736,940 39,477 333,236 63,168 360,804 6,300 7,482,896 2,760 1,330,608 613, 147 278,840 520,214 209,778 176, 106 567,066 4,438,927 1,320,006 1,093,846 26,985 3,362,478 30,204 371,025 66,465 1,117,031 21,186,789 63,031 37,674 3,866,458 .52,688 207,586 9,171,977 390,406 106,200 65,998 369,242 869,492 100,581 68, 120 1,103,482 308,534 63,854 622,146 3,714 6,626 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 6,074 36 4 14 279 73 135 12 52 19 69 6 627 4 146 115 60 76 48 64 112 469 191 132 14 253 61 39 161 1,085 35 7 431 11 44 621 57 12 6 54 104 23 32 73 71 33 112 3 3 Total horse- power. 61,036 182 1,678 661 360 110 431 6 9,442 6 2,278 741 302 1,091 294 301 802 3,544 1,776 886 51 4,012 40 469 127 1,910 12,945 163 66 6,371 63 260 5,546 356 62 57 643 706 78 89 654 359 194 1,011 9 Group 6 — PBINXING AND PUBIilSHING, MUSIC. (See also Printing and publishing, book and job; Prlntln<' and publlslitno-. newspapers and periodicals; and special report on Printing and publishing.) = i ai 1 United States 146 83,487,017 $222,426 $161,800 $492,042 $2,620,750 20 203 2 32 12 7 46 17 16 4 12 459,631 624,899 70,325 1,653,490 136,864 466,307 27,700 49,801 118,369 103,979 6,025 164, 160 18,500 60,369 6,000 14,650 341,262 620,920 60,800 1,304,330 104,439 237,848 21,700 29,451 1 4 2 6 5 3 5 46 4 75 29 44 3 Massachusetts 4 1,000 90,000 8,026 121,800 2,506 95,000 4,900 46,300 6 New York 6 7 8 Texas 9 1,600 4,100 > Includes establishments distributed as follows: Nevada, 2; New Mexico, 3. GENERAL TABLES. 363 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. t'""""!' 6;-JPRINTINCi AND FUBIilSHING, BOOK AND JOB. (See also Bookbinding and blank book making: Printing and publlslilng, music; Friutiug and publisUlng, neAvspapcrs and periodicals; and special rei)ort on Printing ana publlsliing.) Proprie- tors and SALARIED OFFICIALa, CLEKKS, ETC. WAGE-EAENEES. General superintendents, managers clerks, etc. Greatest Least firm mem- bers. Aggregate. Officers ol corporations. number employed at gny one time dur- ing the year. number employed at any one time dur- ing tne year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number, Salaries. 8,766 15,449 $15,399,727 1,903 $3,989,370 13,546 $11,410,357 9,740 $9,622,510 3,806 $1,787,847 106,675 76,011 1 70 2 28 371 82 38 4 13 419 85 30,746 ' 2,700 13,961 423,941 108,607 12 13,505 26 4 12 347 76 17,240 2,700 12,161 281,796 96, 137 21 4 10 258 65 14,371 2,700 11,145 244, 150 91, 169 6 2,869 436 42 203 3,186 967 340 35 2 1 72 9 1,800 142, 146 12,370 2 89 11 1,016 37,646 4,978 117 4 2,261 ■ 6 721 , 6 170 10 79 35 78 142 10 140 27 98 143, 379 6, 2',1S 146,330 24, 486 90,022 36 1 8 1 18 66,610 2,000 15,874 1,200 21, 470 107 9 132 26 80 86,869 4,298 130, 456 23, 286 68,552 67 3 107 21 61 67,923 1,442 116,027 21,326 61,896 40 6 25 5 19 18,946 2,866 14,429 1,960 6,656 1,711 113 944 210 1,006 1,139 ; 7 86 1 8 435 ' 9 144 , 10 722 11 6 804 11 197 145 1 2,394 900 2, 594. 7S6 1 2,048 900 1,904,138 1 576 900 306,709 13 16,848 15 3,049 1,112 9 1 12 346 690,648 1,473 1,697,429 10,841 1 13 7 14 324 165 296,985 137,464 48 28 81, 170 32,414 276 137 215,816 105,050 216 104 188, 560 88,950 60 33 27,266 16, 100 2,082 737 15 16 96 94 62 95 156 64 216 98 60 216 60,318 171.019 92,926 36,072 181,936 29 27 9 37 12, 192 56,771 41,580 9,976 60,362 57 187 71 41 179 48, 126 114,248 61,346 26,096 121,574 47 157 63 32 135 44,772 101, 638 47,737 23,618 104,705 10 30 8 9 44 3,354 12,710 3,608 2,678 16,869 592 1,673 794 619 1,827 407 1,136 632 361 1,166 17 18 19 20 21 632 301 189 28 282 1,088 369 536 9 799 1,061,366 312,627 330,783 7.764 933,680 84 61 57 1 138 200, 561 86, 462 103,814 500 316,719 1,004 308 478 8 661 860,805 226, 166 226,969 7,264 617,961 651 328 415 5 493 682,035 189,529 198, 378 6,580 644,920 363 80 63 3 168 178,770 36,636 28,591 1,684 73,041 7,366 2,814 2,209 78 5,820 5,053 1,884 1,491 73 4,150 22 23 24 26 26 9 78 60 263 1,790 3 79 13 250 4,005 4,800 83, 465 14,017 224,051 4,304,373 2 16 1 21 o82 3,000 21, 692 936 59,696 1,021,016 1 64 12 229 3,623 1,800 61,773 13,081 164, 466 3,283,368 1 50 7 175 2,451 .1,800 64, 304 10,429 139,. 378 2,680,664 70 766 2)4 2,257 24,940 51 628 136 1,616 17,899 •^7 14 6 54 1,172 7,469 2,652 25,078 602, 704 28 29 30 31 60 13 543 19 56 38 16 833 6 58 28,711 16, 540 853, 161 6,181 68,010 7 2 147 6.330' 2,000 272, 391 31 14 686 6 39 22, 381 14, 640 580,770 6,181 31,860 26 11 499 4 29 20, 136 12,972 507,698 4,614 26, 280 6 3 187 2 10 2,246 1,568 73,072 1,667 5,680 330 69 6,914 79 362 244 61 5,136 56 259 32 33 34 35 19 36, 160 36 1,012 89 28 5 90 1,733 125 17 17 128 1, 603, 533 137,402 16, 310 13,209 141,968 134 11 4 1 25 334,904 29,400 6, 2.30 1,200 60,860 1,599 114 13 16 103 1,268,629 108,002 10.080 12,009 91, 108 1,106 67 12 10 91 1,096,602 84, 281 9,560 9,110 84,244 493 47 1 6 12 173, 127 23,721 520 2,899 6,804 10,436 864 193 57 1,105 7,737 626 146 61 852 37 38 39 40 41 158 31 47 125 111 275 28 12 180 122 196,206 28,006 11,949 148,360 90,703 17 2 35,980 4,200 268 26 12 161 102 160, 225 23,805 11,949 116,730 68,643 203 19 10 113 89 139,313 20,809 11,081 99,022 54, 262 55 7 2 48 13 20, 912 2,996 868 17.708 4,281 1,486 209 217 1,212 707 1,019 149 138 831 473 42 43 19 20 31,630 32,160 45 46 32 125 3 6 16 198 1 2 14,61S 182,601 1,200 1,461 6 49 7,320 73,333 10 149 1 2 7,198 109, 268 1,200 1,461 10 118 1 2 7,198 97, 512 1,200 1,461 238 1,382 16 17 154 1,007 7 10 47 31 11,766 48 40 t\o Gronp 6 PKINTING AND PUBLiISHING, MUSIC. (See also Printing and publishing, booktind job; Printing new^spapers and periodicals; and special rei>ort on Printing and publishing.) and x>ubllslilng. 148 739 $509,144 39 $84, 222 700 $424,922 406 $300,986 294 $123,936 688 524 1 27 7 4 53 19 20 7 11 171 66 12 345 29 106 3 8 93, 107 50,819 10,632 262, 162 17,422 69,744 2,420 2,838 10 10 3 11 3 2 15, 440 14,902 2,780 43,400 4,700 • 3,000 161 66 9 334 26 103 3 8 77,667 35,917 7,862 218,762 12, 722 66,744 2,420 2,838 54 31 7 230 10 69 3 2 37, 487 24,593 7,032 173,708 6,868 48,360 2,420 628 107 25 2 104 16 34 40, 180 11,324 820 45,064 5,854 18,394 45 122 19 319 84 93 1 6 37 61 17 282 59 63 1 4 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 6 2,310 9 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 1; Georgia, 1; .Indiana, 2; Iowa, 2; Maryland, 1; Jersey, 1; Tennessee, 1. Michigan, 1; Minnesota, 1; Nebraska, 1: New 364 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTEIES, BY Gronp 6.— PRINTING ANB PUBIilSHlNG, BOOK AND JOB— Continued. STATE OR TERRITORY. WAGE-EAKNEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average ^number. Wages. 1 United States 87,746 $48,720,854 66,293 $41,538,035 19,975 86,712,753 2,478 $470,066 $33,115,809 $4,411,030 $474,325 373 34 147 2,541 833 1,316 96 613 154 849 9 . 12,933 8 2,404 848 453 1,335 643 425 1,384 6,021 2,264 1,776 73 4,808 58 \ 646 161 1,844 20,996 268 63 5,866 63 302 8,809 713 152 55 964 1,211 169 160 996 636 193 1,166 9 12 190,126 24,588 92,722 1,737,096 639,770 696,249 48,711 344,466 70,292 337,673 6,060 7,483,003 4,774 1,244,752 410,814 205,175 631,844 344,868 194,868 603,507 3,377,378 1,090,809 996,342 40,401 2,582,631 42,654 369,064 80,430 1,024,868 12,706,369 114,771 42,492 2,974,762 35,278 209,759 4,496,391 360,790 62,013 34,798 623,572 716,212 102,915 68,549 421,651 394,019 93,231 543,799 7,569 6,121 268 32 107 1,884 640 931 58 488 114 621 8 9,473 6 1,663 602 333 966 624 294 1,077 4,194 1,631 1,263 60 3,414 42 607 116 1,345 16,840 213 60 4,233 44 260 6,214 507 103 48 722 958 134 133 707 459 118 871 6 12 164,967 23,236 76,884 1,471,988 474,706 582,493 39,586 303,794 61,514 291,462 6,760 6,359,063 3,630 966,262 344,227 174, 121 534,978 317,726 155,931 529,298 2,658,831 916,858 804,486 36,697 2,146,728 35,374 318,226 63,761 8.58,996 11,259,562 101,224 37,914 2,498,291 29,688 193,694 3,759,092 300,359 50,647 32,473 468,260 644,865 93,537 60,423 355,6.52 367,287 73,601 478,772 6,201 6,121 72 2 36 523 142 337 29 115 28 198 1 3,192 1 694 201 103 309 83 127 236 1,715 578 483 6 1,181 13 123 42 433 3,915 38 12 1,611 9 42 2,149 188 41 6 205 203 24 27 260 67 63 209 3 18,872 1,362 14,876 230,561 51,829 105,683 7,387 39,260 7,234 41,762 300 1,067,587 780 268,866 57,267 28,393 86,196 21,456 38, 178 62,985 697,273 165,754 186,919 2,448 394,390 6,220 38,000 16,283 152,886 1,397,259 11,044 4,370 454,680 4,116 16,065 661,352 57,, 521 10,602 2,169 48,635 62,515 7,265 8,126 61,980 24,672 17,047 51,193 1,368 33 6,287 45,3.33 2,487 31,075 640,230 150,8.50 ] 229,966 18,769 604,385 17,676 119,031 2,686 6,686,162 2,164 411,663 201,378 92,979 172,210 82,262 69,604 197,428 2,457,481 580,142 400,984 8,583 1,365,012 7,622 183,765 18,723 441,380 12,434,790 23,356 17,558 1,636,392 17,766 79,903 3,395,902 129,171 12,290 14,918 153,478 291,830 31,009 25,980 175,782 • 162,684 24,049 252,608 2,160 3,295 14,329 1,460 7,276 147,240 46,997 53,927 2,646 33,618 9,216 32,656 1,284 791,949 1,122 63,639 41,252 21,723 38,868 28,938 11,570 56,614 279,928 89,322 83,130 3,507 197,999 5,176 30,926 8,301 54,608 1,241,302 8,836 5,784 224,328 5,521 23,396 460,019 33,538 3,797 3,658 33,948 60,505 8,833 7,357 20,793 44,995 6,558 56,887 640 1,415 2,867 477 1,141 16,348 7,482 7,922 646 3,339 998 7,898 166 70,924 62 14,101 6,832 3,210 8,602 1,998 2,567 4,965 51,875 21,612 13, 149 770 19,648 464 5,148 889 19,152 61,475 2,564 733 44,147 439 2,430 21,308 2,562 1,446 604 6,550 11,363 1,342 842 10,103 4,644 2,116 5,326 172 131 ^ 4 134 51 48 8 10 12 30 962 34,546 13,235 8,073 1,738 1,421 1,544 4,449 l^ 7 i 9 District of Columbia 11 1*^ Georgia . .•*. 1? Illinois 268 1 47 45 17 60 36 4 71 112 55 30 7 213 3 15 3 66 241 17 1 121 10 56,363 364 9,634 9,320 2,661 10,671 6,677 749 11,224 21,274 9,197 4,938 1,356 41,413 1,060 2,828 396 12,987 49,548 2,603 208 21,781 1,674 1-1 ' Ti ■\(\ 17 18 19 V 00 or^ Michigan^ 04 Ofi 07 Of) New Hampsliire so ^0 North. Carolina ST SI Ohio S*! 36 S7 446 18 8 1 37 50 11 75,947 . 2,910 864 156 6,777 8,832 2,113 SS Rhode Island SO ^0 -IS Utah 4t Virginia 28 9 12 85 4,6i9 2,060 2,583 13,834 4R 47 4*^ Wisconsin Group 6.— PRINTING AND FlTBIilSHING, JttUSIC— Continued. 1 United States 677 $340,176 465 $295,714 HI $42,629 11 $1,833 $1,715,363 $50,745 $11,375 40 90 16 284 72 69 1 5 21,970 53,891 11,151 179,359 26,218 45,6.59 240 1,688 22 76 13 233 48 69 15, 120 49,132 9,645 156,968 20,965 42,404 18 14 3 61 16 9 1 6,860 4,759 1,506 22,391 3,836 3,047 240 282, 024 185,639 17,676 968,690 79,467 119,778 20,872 41,217 5,390 7,371 1,486 26,722 5,714 4,430 1,317 2,264 69 2,854 790 3,896 16 179 ^ ubllslilng.) STATE OR TEHKITOET. United States. Alabama. . Alaska .'Vrizona.. . Arkansas . . California. Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia. Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory. Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky . Louisiana. Maine Maryland Massachusetts . Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire. New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina. North Dakota. . Oliio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania. 41 I Rhode Island... 42 I South Carolina. 43 1 South Dakota.. 44 ; Tennessee 45 i Texas 46 Utah 47 I Vermont. 48 Virginia. . Number of estab- • lish- ments. 18,038 49 I Washington. .. 50 I West Virginia. 51 I Wisconsin 52 Wyoming 184 5 46 259 695 326 129 33 55 125 278 85 1,390 153 669 961 639 292 171 115 160 420 663 714 190 83 559 29 325 53 1,497 203 219 244 186 1,136 48 127 272 260 709 74 272 185 595 44 Total. 3239, 518, 524 1,080,626 12,575 340,651 1,050,806 6,645,352 2,434,577 2,722,362 350,063 2,043,320 1, 196, 138 2,739,056 471,922 20,337,296 455, 992 6,017,198 5,922,515 2,783,115 3,147,027 1,366,180 1,555,165 2,713,061 13,551,342 4,725,303 6,030,434 606,425 8,867,886 939,786 2,674,061 167,637 856,895 4,537,668 266,792 62,378,289 1,002,726 972, 375 14,060,738 1,113,933 1,074,313 28,073,734 1,363,323 685,610 1,218,472 3,437,575 4,155,786 795,860 602, 251 1,464,811 1,847,698 1,476,374 5,043,464 242, 186 Land. Buildings. $16,248,962 S26, 119, 122 67,615 450 23,225 39,835 272,496 85, 705 278,000 34,800 252,360 16, 100 117,218 37,200 728,767 17,875 246, 175 305, 135 106,056 590,983 61,435 34,440 213,240 976,025 236, 201 179,335 29,470 301,629 43,600 146, 178 14,825 32, 750 552,752 11,850 4,905,990 60,946 74,050 841,729 79,030 39,000 2,865,202 230,950 37, 250 96,413 236,896 206,868 20,650 27,925 82, 560 78, 780 93,670 208,311 9,020 87, 530 1,000 31,717 76,460 507,250 166,182 383, 557 38,560 540, 721 37,770 208,827 48,633 2,332,543 26,800 443,616 644,220 299, 186 323,340 83,225 149, 300 303,425 1,750,379 366, 290 694,181 70,386 1,262,994 95,857 257,620 18,800 90,200 692, 592 3D, 750 5,430,733 99,960 176,368 1,616,743 148,924 58,425 4,032,657 133,800 63, 546 195,246 459, 833 540,385 42,325 71,650 122, 170 100,000 209, 960 531,060 31,450 Machinery, tools, and implements. $93,599,264 620, 847 6,700 182,309 596, 599 3,461,296 1,251,730 1,233,113 172, 146 688,347 946,358 994,524 276,334 6,856,869 301, 194 2,773,452 3,118,440 1,617,963 1,094,460 642,006 745,928 866,651 4,778,600 2,600,313 2, 755, 151 363,978 3,765,142 490,048 1,216,040 97, 700 425,891 2, 198, 399 139, 440 16,167,952 484,672 478,368 6,493,713 612,656 688,337 10, 672, 164 571,830 374,040 610,306 1,311,719 2,134,245 338,079 332, 260 740, 526 1,038,509 765,244 2,489,131 127,645 Cash and sun- dries. $103,551,176 304,634 4,425 103,400 337,912 2,304,310 930,960 827,692 104, 567 661,892 196,910 1,418,487 109,766 10,419,117 110,123 2,563,956 1,854,720 759,911 1,138,244 579, 614 625,497- 1,339,746 6,046,338 1,622,499 2,401,767 142, 592 3,538,121 310,281 1,054,223 36,312 308,054 1,093,815 84,762 35,873,614 357, 159 243, 589 5,108,553 273,423 288,551 10,503,711 426, 743 220,675 316, 508 1,429,128 1,274,2SS 39-1,796 170,416 519,555 630,409 407,500 1,814,962 74,071 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 69 4 18 83 304 131 86 23 18 61 35 669 56 395 293 143 53 243 402 381 46 364 51 224 14 54 221 20 784 75 102 591 102 77 776 24 55 122 80 307 26 51 81 103 373 20 Total horse- power. 530 12 85 487 3,484 1,060 1,569 126 779 272 819 134 8,773 166 2,180 3,082 1,228 1,866 895 . 1,017 1,387 7,375 3,529 3,080 214 6,305 422 1,215 62 510 2,339 98 13,136 466 336 7,545 444 723 16,204 630 236 369 1,313 2,301 175 331 676 1,631 1,022 3,787 87 Group 6.— PRINTING M.lTEKIAliS. (See also Foundry and luaclilne shop products.) 1 United States 2 Connecticut 3 Illinois 4 Maryland 5 I Minnesota 6 Missouri 7 New York 8 Ohio 9 Pennsylvania 10 All other states ' . . . 77 81,1 45,500 262,865 21,600 38,442 32,225 408, 183 49,434 56,919 93,721 1,000 3,000 17,000 2,000 3,100 871,700 1,500 7,200 62,500 3,000 28,500 88,797 10,700 11,180 20,600 134,480 26,558 32,296 33,064 S524,914 14,500 163,868 10,900 27,262 11,625 204,203 17,876 24,623 50,057 66 524 50 76 10 12 2 159 70 37 108 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows : Colorado, 1; District of Columbia, 1; Indiana,: Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 1; Rhode Island, 1; Texas, 2; Wisconsin, 1. Louisiana, 1; Massachusetts, 2; Michigan,!; Nebraska, 1; New GENERAL TABLES. 367 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 6.- -PRINTING AND PUBLISHIING, NEWSPAPERS ANO PERlODICAIiS. (See als«> Bookbinding and blanic boolL maliiug; Printing and publisiilng', book and job; and special report on Printing and publislUng.) Group 6.— PRINTING inATERIAl 7 1 2 1 4 22,690 1,500 2,840 2,000 10,360 3 1,476 3 4 I 2 1 3 4 4 500 788 936 1,070 1,380 2,334 6 6 7 8 q 3 2,365 10 368 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 6.— PKINTING AND PlTBIilSHIIVG, NEWSPAPERS AND PEKIODHALS— Continued. WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. STATE OE TEKEITOEY. United States. 10 ^^i 12 ; 13 14 15 16 \l\ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 28 27 28 29 30 31 32 ; 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 Alabama- - Alaska Arizona. .. Arkansas. California. Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia. Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory. Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky. Louisiana. Maine Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan Mirmesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire - New Jersey New Mexico. . . . New York North Carolina. North Dakota.. Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania. Rhode Island. . South Carolina. South Dakota. . Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont. Virginia. . Washington. . . West \'lrglnla. Wisconsin Wyoming Total. Average ' wj.^s nnrnhftr. wages. number. 642 11 155 748 3,636 1,053 1,133 172 428 389 1,129 249 7,205 344 3,300 3,368 1,941 1,218 630 1,278 1,076 5,437 3,148 2,570 476 4,117 423 1,420 67 475 2,128 142 16,214 703 452 6,197 724 633 10,123 539 471 537 1,361 2,222 350 444 824 1,189 751 2,726 110 559,830,768 278,698 9,280 136,058 346,090 2,862,607 796,248 769,409 76, 149 333,215 200,975 580,528 172,288 4,789,288 170,973 1,647,987 1,567,295 857,451 644,058 470,906 622,494 633,972 3,916,634 1,581,891 1,509,321 213,210 2,334,985 499,409 730,919 63,878 248, 162 1,276,211 90,605 12,299,127 289,332 270,074 3,507,148 363,357 474,018 5,869,725 308,337 206, 474 276,721 704,865 1,347,723 252,342 202,940 384, 762 914,566 386,913 1,366,340 76,820 Men 16 years and over. Average number. 76,817 480 10 136 561 2,993 901 935 141 342 317 993 192 5,881 280 2,413 2,343 1,301 1,007 673 668 981 4,254 2,290 2,097 365 3,077 387 1,002 61 306 1,879 131 13,601 577 364 4,767 541 503 8,046 391 377 1,076 1,936 297 289 700 1,080 519 1,992 83 Wages. S63,919,941 266,293 9,150 128,636 305,807 2,621,889 733,266 694, 177 68,410 311,121 184,299 554,368 153,844 4,373,756 155,288 1,429,900 1,305,054 694,426 599,715 461,781 321,003 617,328 3,433,158 1,364,739 1,358,970 190,898 2,080,221 479, 474 614,211 62,018 183,882 1,198,739 87, 140 11,430,873 267,716 241,420 3,126,656 309,401 431,136 6,252,840 288,547 189,712 224, 136 636, 431 1,281,275 234, 494 is:, 079 361,474 875,852 331,369 1,177,005 66,566 Women 16 years and over. Average number. 17,528 33 10 130 420 93 164 27 77 55 38 1,195 49 820 580 141 23 694 1,120 772 425 61 903 28 381 3 166 201 6 2,468 53 67 1,343 150 116 1,790 44 44 146 244 163 43 149 76 97 192 669 24 Wages. $6,612,061 8,004 5,693 29,715 214,680 44,567 69,079 7,165 20,622 >14,496 19,898 14,718 396,686 13,036 208,930 244,478 164, 169 34,946 6,644 198,648 12,414 471,866 204,552 143,764 14,366 236,033 17,479 110,608 1,200 63,550 69,329 2,204 843,026 11,009 25,016 368, 109 48,220 40,267 674,326 17,268 11.951 50, 120 63,320 47,871 16,601 60,943 17,061 36,526 49, 762 180,552 9,598 Children under 16 years. Average number. 2,623 67 123 34 4 9 17 62 19 129 15 67 122 60 70 34 16 36 63 86 48 50 5 145 73 21 87 33 14 287 14 36 14 41 123 10 6 S398,766 4,401 130 1,729 9,668 26,038 17,425 6,153 674 1,472 2,180 6,262 3,726 19,847 2,6f0 9,157 17,763 8,856 9,398 3,481 2,843 4,230 11,610 12,600 6,687 7,946 19,731 2,466 6,100 660 730 8,143 1,261 25,228 10,608 3,639 12,383 6,736 2,616 42,659 2,622 4,811 2,466 6,104 18,677 1,247 918 6, 227 2,188 5,792 8,783 656 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. §67,638,099 227, 167 2,861 37,02S 141,099 2,165,072 580, 167 361,077 28,660 533,400 121,643 480,633 71,632 7,029,994 60,302 1,484,847 880,629 394,333 675,732 401,681 913,876 716,126 4,970,219 1,063,610 1,537,118 70,920 2,759,996 213,995 683,731 19, 199 121,471 431,542 26,637 24,849,476 156,902 104,811 3,183,466 268,266 265,563 5,621,915 141,906 74,961 135,369 677, 131 809, 165 245,409 76,924 326,269 568,263 139,661 Eent of works. 84,415,912 16,966 766 7,220 25,040 204,326 75,482 47,584 3,691 15,768 21,473 35,266 12,978 423,026 16,876 109,380 126,492 60,292 38,631 32,276 27,018 40,786 343,747 93,584 132,066 16,112 179,633 38,977 60,941 6,464 13,459 64, 505 8,782 992,943 17,298 20, 121 208,753 20,046 39,360 417, 428 17,315 12,735 18,572 37,209 82,832 18,560 10,792 23,265 54,001 28,888 91,383 6,945 Taxes, not including Internal $1,215,764 Group 6.— PillNTlNG MATEKIAI-S— Continued. 6,831 377 2,958 6,406 35,064 19,458 14, 495 1,031 9,105 4,543 17,562 3,600 82,208 2,320 32,274 30,548 17,615 17, 108 7,636 9,831 17,295 112,476 38,664 35,084 5,676 48,843 8,860 17,940 1,496 3,303 23,873 2,632 255,813 6,640 7,708 77,447 9,307 7,385 87,950 13,306 4,884 7,628 14,394 26,277 3,247 3,468 7,060 10,998 8,100 26,688 1,774 1 United States 357 $239,036 338 $233,441 14 S4,,595 5 81,000 $195,266 $45,609 $2,467 9, 15 85 11 18 11 121 23 34 39 10,585 65,284 5,476 11,566 10,028 81,645 11,328 20,327 22,807 13 84 11 16 11 113 22 31 38 10,095 65,188 5,476 10,856 10,028 78,600 11,120 19,683 22,495 2 490 2,095 81,753 4,107 12,137 4,460 51,009 8,347 16,126 15,642 1,062 14,920 948 1,518 1,800 13,746 1,910 4.666 6;039 68 637 75 121 150 772 278 110 366 3 1 96 4 5 6 Minnesota 3 700 7 8 3,145 8 Ohio i 2 1 208 384 312 q Pennsylvania ... . . 1 260 10 All other states GENERAL TABLES. 369 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 6.— PKINTING AND PUBLISHING, NEWSPAPERS ANW PKRIonirAliS— Continued. MisrELL.\NEOus EX- PENSES- Cont'd. Rent of oinces, interest, etc. Contract work. COST OF MATERIALS USED. $16,219,081 171,349 1,728 23,225 93, 116 1,292,248 327,844 221,044 20,623 353, 247 81,696 334,546 54, 374 4,690,413 38,959 882,958 630, 169 275,628 362, 749 289,387 728,194 466,932 3,689,937 729,866 1,121,766 41, 236 1,986,989 156,998 476, 117 10,729 93, 721 243,506 10,803 16,541,715 87,542 69,918 2,212,577 203,573 . 168, 297 3,817,081 84,537 46,315 98,128 465,533 576,529 164,086 51,322 209,123 350,215 84,714 725,705 28,346 32,021 3,625 17,537 623,434 157,383 77,954 3,315 155,290 13,931 93,259 680 1,934,347 2,147 460, 235 . 94,420 40, 798 157, 344 72, 2.S3 148,833 191,112 824,059 201,517 248, 202 7,997 644,530 9,160 128, 733 1,510 10,988 99,658 4,520 7,059,004 44,522 7,064 684,689 25,339 60,611 1,199,456 26,749 11,027 11,031 159,995 123, 517 59,526 11,342 85,841 143,049 17,9.59 137, 172 466 Aggregate. 870,358,000 Principal materials. 266, 732 3, .526 70,353 I 241,2.S4 2,371,274 839,,S.-|3 567, 213 58, 597 342, 165 194,044 566,718 102, 173 6,910,646 116,224 1,564,820 ' 1,422,002 675,924 536,007 386, 110 682,269 665,656 5,494,948 1,664,372 1,673,616 166,821 3,294,372 269,289 906, 210 32,908 148,256 961,200 49,468 18,406,984 263,807 185,837 3,839,218 306, .593 380,033 8,298,206 296,958 145,810 201,826 707,403 1,011,913 204,246 169,666 322, 221 709, 659 281,222 1,378,268 45,383 Total. 866,390,17 239,960 2,187 58, 133 214,528 2, 189, 106 803,065 511,871 52, 160 322, 539 175, 159 529, 544 94,863 6,569,448 106, 159 1,442,787 1,287,725 608, 130 492, 558 363, 126 633,903 611, 535 6,259,158 1,538,218 1,544,811 143,893 3, 149, 313 234,475 829,099 28,187 133,140 872, 121 44,714 17,683,966 238,963 160,834 3,623,537 268, 774 359, 583 7,924,207 275,186 129,715 179,647 6.59,304 938,370 191,750 139,253 ?95,514 671,031 262, 681 1,261,274 40,969 Purctiased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). $66,390,173 239, 960 2,187 58, 133 214,528 2, 189, 106 803,065 511,871 52, 160 322, 539 175, 169 529, 544 94,863 6, 569, 448 106, 159 1,442,787 1,287,725 608, 130 492, 558 363, 126 633,903 611,535 6,259,158 1,538,218 1,544,811 143,893 3,149,313 234,476 829, 099 28, 187 133, 140 872, 121 44,714 17,683,966 238,963 160,834 3,623,537 268, 774 359, 583 7,924,207 276, 186 129, 715 179,647 659,304 938,370 191,750 139,253 295, 514 671,031 262,681 1,261,274 40, 969 Fuel. 6,061 760 1,131 8,737 27,364 9,778 22,438 2,399 9,422 5,764 6,290 3,328 133, 139 4,506 42,653 63,768 27,751 21,031 7,324 16,452 18,864 73,854 56, 327 62,015 4,106 66, 280 8,183 34,243 1,911 4,510 34,516 2,680 234,440 11,024 10,881 95,613 16,982 7,187 159,843 11,063 6,286 12,563 24,082 30,687 2,493 5,934 9,816 9,283 8,374 38, 263 1,643 Rent ol power and heat. $1,492,937 12,347 412 4,008 2,766 93, 534 16,600 23,724 2,858 6,803 5,773 21,677 '2,349 128,024 2,467 44,827 34,850 12, 766 13,980 11,983 16,012 17, 138 112,081 32,960 51,848 3,477 42,430 16,036 11,608 1,252 7,135 29, 979 1,580 337,969 6,978 4,233 61,440 4,964 9,478 127, 244 5,807 2,285 11,458 31,598 8,647 7,447 12,031 17,931 4,879 46,645 1,651 Mill sup- plies. S400, 780 3,146 27 784 1,760 14,641 3,354 2,635 310 4,046 764 6,322 660 44, 135 948 12,887 8,140 3,853 4,254 1,456 4,951 4,741 25,908 11,402 9,401 13, 956 1,396 2,451 240 6,392 399 98, 186 2,263 1,610 23,466 1,218 2,847 40,907 1,681 1,450 1,652 3,872 4,923 920 1,109 1,768 2,862 2,369 10,293 285 Freight. 8611,179 5,219 140 6,297 13, .504 46,629 7,056 6,545 870 365 6,594 2,886 1,073 35,900 2,144 21,666 37,519 23,424 4,184 2,221 12, 951 3,278 23,947 25,475 15,441 3,382 22,393 9,199 28,809 1,318 2,573 8,192 195 51,423 4,. 579 8,279 35, 162 14,655 938 46,004 2,039 2,662 6,689 8,687 6,335 435 5,922 3,093 8,462 2,929 21, 793 836 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom worlt and repairing. $309,327,606 1,407,678 26, 752 391,039 1,185,646 11,636,953 3,838,570 2,767,087 245,731 2,091,158 872,543 2,667,890 627,976 28,644,981 688, 617 7,250,722 6,658,759 3,119,494 2,871,989 2,066,786 2,644,561 3, 219, 355 21,020,237 6,930,000 7,699,229 800,226 13,151,163 1,367,891 3,701,765 252,897 714,466 4,488,372 279,858 85,756,740 1,262,023 952,233 16,408,377 1,348,959 1,909,305 30, 294, 171 1,470,303 844,401 1,105,349 3, 388, 175 6,440,9.54 1,133,856 694,786 1,668,439 3,414,982 1,262,490 5,661,303 291,581 Gronp 6.— PRINTING MATERlAIiS— Continued. $136,617 $10,573 $372,480 $364,412 S512 $353,900 $6,288 $8,491 $1,393 $1,896 $1,207,163 1 966 64,796 3,084 10,498 2,600 31,269 5,908 10,350 7,247 19, 704 91,923 16,414 12,851 6,046 124,532 19,419 40, 709 40,882 18, .501 88,346 16, 162 12,514 5,315 117,955 17,888 39,066 38,665 18,501 88,346 16, 162 12,514 6,315 117,956 17,888 39,066 38, 153 297 501 230 779 2,584 337' 356 3,460 108 370 498 32 492 22 95 39, 605 358,710 35,300 43,201 35,400 419,588 68,868 88,652 127,839 1,.500 3 4 5 300 2,640 455 783 1,082 76 441 18 150 162 6 6,822 251 36 950 340 475 7 H 9 3,000 612 10 MFG PT 1 — 07- -24 370 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14.— PlIliP, FROm FIBER OTHER THAN WOOD. (See "All otlier industries" at end of table.) Group 4.— PCIiP GOODS. STATE OR TERRITOEY. Number of estab- lish- - ments. 11 CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Number Cash and sun- °^f^}f'' 6 11 419,915 2,777,917 13,500 59,000 113,000 343, 110 156,294 i 138,121 'i 6 397,117 1,978,690 i 10 1,474 1, 145 •i All other states i ■ J Group 4 PUMPS, NOT INCliUDING STEAM PUMPS. United States California Illinois Indiana Iowa Michigan Missouri New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states 2. . . 115 $3, 230, 038 16, 200 709, 428 84, 100 670, 020 20, 910 146, 624 680, 266 649, 640 24, 612 329, 438 $286, 197 70,849 5,650 50, 400 2,075 14,414 69, 975 19,060 1,360 32,434 8572, 631 104, 613 3,700 78,200 4,175 22,863 151,439 137,302 2,050 68,289 $631,494 6,000 128, 030 17,800 57, 439 6,585 31,194 168, 206 132, 964 8,010 74, 677 .$1,759,716 10,200 405, 336 56, 960 483, 981 8,075 77,063 190, 647 360, 234 13,202 164,038 10 502 107 204 62 87 419 703 41 544 Group 4.— REFKIGEKATOBS. 1 See also Furniture.) United States California Illinois Indiana Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Texas WisconsLQ All other states "... $6,273,193 9,666 90,798 399, 912 166, 196 1,970,012 79,671 98,400 912,372 332, 431 514, 368 9,386 828, 997 870, 997 $606,648 $1,210,384 2,360 2,000 10. 400 12,900 110,760 3,300 9,500 97,464 19,200 131,600 3,000 48, 469 56,726 2,250 28, 770 97, 648 14,700 347, 386 8,200 25, 600 226, 688 60, 250 103, 000 2,000 166,619 149, 373 $805, 936 2,276 20, 150 58,187 16,875 211,471 11,879 13, 900 93,068 66,715 78, 228 2,086 143,760 87,3.52 $3,760,326 2,790 41,878 233, 677 111,720 1,300,406 50,292 49,500 495, 172 196, 266 201,630 2,300 480, 149 578,647 6,265 16 294 310 89 2,260 97 92 6 927 Group 2.— REGAI4IA AND SOCIETY BANNERS AND EMBLEMS. (See also Flags and banners.) United States Ilhnois Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states *... 140 83,252,601 226, 387 98, 107 166,984 417,499 7,370 348,266 1,571,669 144, 859 20,450 251,911 $241,272 10,000 2,000 10,000 22,000 104,572 11,000 $367,062 16, 000 60,000 41, 380 12,800 187, 782 10,960 28, 150 $426,760 39, 755 54, 871 13, 893 15, 958 1,070 58,816 171,056 31,764 3,450 38, 128 82,227,407 160, 632 43,236 90, 091 350, 161 8,300 268, 660 1,108,269 91,145 17,000 103, 933 .52 818 47 24 89 130 6 41 421 33 10 17 Group 1.— BICE, CLEANING AND POLISHING. ( See also special report on Bice, cleaning and polislilng.) 1 United States 74 $8,821,099 $646, 883 $1,739,052 ■$2,340,019 $4,095,145 74 16,251 Georgia 9 3 43 4 17 4 3 146,964 6,138,228 317,394 2,1,38,723 16,250 64, 650 5,030 421,005 68,660 132,198 16, 100 1,141,232 89,008 486,720 37, 190 1,666,692 57,000 658,887 4,200 16,050 89,634 2,909,299 102,744 961,918 11,050 20,500 3 43 4 17 4 3 350 10,407 707 4,618 27 145 3 4 li Texas 6 20,000 8,000- 1 Includes estabUshments distributed as follows: Delaware, 3; Illinois, 2; Indiana. 1; Iowa, 1; Maine, 1; Ohio, 2; Rhode Island 1 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 1; Coimecticut, 1; Kentucky, 2; Louisiana, 1; Maine, 1; Marvland'l- Massachnietts 9- Minne^ntn I- New Jersey, 2; North Carolina, 2; Tennessee 1; Vermont, 2; Wisconsin, 2. ... , laryiaiiu, 1, massacnusetts, ^ Minnesota, 1, 3 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Arkansas, 1; Connecticut, 1; Georgia, 1; Iowa, 2; Kansas, 2; Louisiana 1- Maryland 2- Minnesota 3- New Hampshire,!; Tennessee, 2; Vermont,!. j . . ""a, , GENERAL TABLES. 371 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 14 — PIII.P, FKOm riDICIt OTHEll THAN WOOD. (See "All other industries" at end oftablc.) tiruup 4.— FUL.P GOODS. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. Aggregate. Number. ' Salaries. 1 66 SS3,160 16 40 20,9(11 02,249 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Is, inuiKiK'TS, clerliP, ctr; omen. Salaries. ?6,019 W.VGE-EARNEKS. (JIFicersol corporations. General superintendei Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing tine year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing ttie year. Total. Men. W NuinlK>r. 10 Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 15 S4S,350 41 S34,800 25 S28,781 852 663 1 4 11 10,900 37,450 12 29 10,001 24,799 10 16 9,065 19,710 2 14 5,083 .385 467 285 378 2 3 Group 4 Pt'inPS, INOT 11NCI.UDING STEAITl PUMPS. Group 4.— REFKIGIERAXORS. (See also Furniture.) Group 2 — REGALIA AND SOCIET'K BANNERS AND E.^IBLEIflS. (See also Flags and banners.) Group 1.— RICE, CIiEANING AND P01.ISIIING. (See also special report on Rice, cleaning and polishing.) 113 204 5215,376 52 SS3,S13 152 8131,563 126 8120,884 26 $10,679 1,676 1,254 1 4 ■' ?ll 5 15 3 44 16 29 2,160 56,003 11,090 .32,610 3 24 14 19 2,160 23,230 8,390 16,870 3 19 14 16 2,160 21,130 8,360 15,298 10 318 97 141 17 61 326 596 14 296 8 238 59 119 9 38 217 367 y 200 9 20 2 10 32,773 2,700 15,740 ■ ' 2,100 3 4 3 1,572 5 6 6 21 % ... 10 26 54 11,186 26,1.1.; .55,42* 3 3 ID 1 4,500 I 5,800 17,800 7 23 44 6.685 20,. 352 37,629 4 IB 37 5,500 17,423 34,766 3 7 7 1,186 2,029 2,863 7 8 9 in 17 i 22 20,746 4 4,566 18 16,246 17 16,217 1 29 11 C2 333 5392,722 56 S114,742 277 8277,980 236 $259,746 41 318,234 5,093 2,457 1 3 5 2 11 4 7 6 29 5 9 3 1 7 200 339 125 1,620 105 76 768 282 225 4 672 670 3 121 95 60 573 41 56 457 217 169 4 288 383 ? 7 44 6 61 15 i 4 i 61 34 20 13,580 34,781 10,312 75,117 13,972 3,020 53,712 39,410 37, 2^6 3 4 5 8 4 7,860 6,242 10,000 24,500 5,540 4 40 1 53 'll 4 47 30 20 5,720 28,539 312 50,617 8,432 3,020 44,212 31,910 37,296 4 33 5,720 25,918 3 7 1 5 1 1 2 3 6 2,62i 312 2,440 312 500 600 1,300 3,446 4 5 ■48 10 3 45 27 14 48,177 8,120 2,520 43,652 30,610 33,850 6 7 8 4 4 9,500 7,500 9 10 11 l'> 36 65 56,097 54,825 8 16 22,800 20,800 28 j9 33,897 34,025 24 28 31,647 29,632 4 11 2,260 4,393 13 14 138 , 404 $421,463 39 $93,654 365 8327,809 278 $288,794 87 $39,015 3,033 2,176 1 19 ll 39 6 1 18 6 ; 18 3 ' 67 3 ■ 1 31,329 13,848 16,506 77,249 200 27,229 230,654 10,512 2,600 11,336 5 6 3 7 6,244 8,100 3,940 16,950 34 13 15 60 1 35 182 12 3 10 26,086 6,748 12,566 60,299 200 22,729 180,654 8,. 592 2,600 8,336 20 5 11 49 19,459 2,996 10,086 55,014 14 8 4 11 1 8 33 4 2 2 6,626 2,752 2,480 5,285 200 3,224 14,404 1,784 1,500 700 326 218 196 473 26 296 1,105 175 45 173 199 106 101 404 14 201 921 98 41 91 2 3 4 5 6 43 13 18 3 24 37 194 15 3 12 2 12 3 4,500 60,000 1,920 27 149 8 1 8 19,605 166,190 6,808 1,100 7,636 7 8 9 10 2 3,000 11 33 436 $648,662 70 $161,933 366 $396,629 . 356 $391,789 10 84,840 2,728 1,180 1 1 12 3 6 10 1 6 232 19 171 7,400 288,488 19,400 224,954 6 . 192 15 147 7,400 204,965 12,840 164,904 6 186 15 144 7,400 201,925 12,840 163, 404 44 1,644 177 837 7 19 11 801 36 319 7 7 9 40 4 24 83,523 6,560 60,050 6 3,040 3 4 3 1,500 5 6 8 8,326 2 i,s66 6 6,520 5 6,220 1 300 7 < Includes establishments distributed as follows: California. 2; Colorado, 1; Connecticut, 2; District of Columbia, 2; Indiana, 1; Iowa, 1; Louisiana, 2; nescta, 2; Montana,!; Neljraslca, 2; New .Tersey, 2: Oregon, 1; Ehode Island, 1; Texas, 2; Washington,!; West Virginia, 1. • 6 Includes establishments distributed as follows: California,!; North Carohn.i,!; Oregon,!. 1 Min- 372 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14.— ruIiP, FROM FIBER OTHER THAN WOOD. (See "All otlter Indnstries" at end of table.) Group 4.— PULiP GOOBS— Continued. STATE OR TEKKITORY. WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. ' Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States 696 S283,668 587 $261,486 90 518,618 19 «3,554 $91,617 $11,826 S4,896 0, 323 373 140,136 143,522 275 312 129.366 132, 120 48 42 10,770 7,848 35,753 65,864 9,740 2,086 1,.517 3,379 3 ig 3,654 Group 4 — PUJHPS, PfOT INCIiliDIlVG STEAM PUiHPS— Continued. 1 United State.s 1,404 .8718,941 1,391 8716,715 4 S816 9 81,410 $310, 142 818,726 $14,835 2 10 271 75 130 12 61 262 369 9 225 6, 770 169,846 37, 184 00, 176 5,350 27,981 122,971 191,892 4,090 92,677 9 270 75 128 12 49 249 368 8 223 6,45S 169, 524 37, 184 59,950 5,356 27, 675 122,265 191,792 3,934 92,587 1 1 312 321 3,209 58,613 22, 627 54,147 3,015 9,954 46, 979 77,843 2,303 31, 452 1,560 3,820 3,612 440 641 948 1,532 2,827 1,020 2, 326 107 3,456 985 2,077 72' 334 2,470 2,879 51 2,404 3 IlUnois 1 4 1 5 2 225 6 Michigan 7 Missouri 2 306 8 3 1 716 9 Ohio 100 II 1 2 156 90 1 All other states Group 4.— REFRIGERATORS— Continued. 1 United States 4,032 ■51,906,114 '' 2 4 160 224 88 1,306 64 60 637 262 200 4 490 644 2,916 76,612 114,869 61,990 629,927 46, 669 39 598 3 4 Indiana 5 6 Michigan 7 S New Jersey 9 337,669 10 Ohio 138,712 11 Pennsylvania . . 115,292 2,065 199, 742 240, 264 l' 13 14 All other states 3,933 81,880,357 8 83.648 91 $21,109 8840,063 830,821 838,971 4 160 224 87 1,261 64 2,916 76,612 114,869 61,490 518, 107 46,569 39, 598 337, 569 138, 300 114,692 1,855 193, 190 235,585 793 21,127 75,819 68, 643 239,931 17.230 8,474 118,994 46,924 21,839 603 96,858 133, 428 40 407 1,532 1,163 15,006 637 463 6,691 2,402 2,302 23 5,008 3,309 4,440 660 6,140 1 3 500 1,050 41 10,770 3,294 616 16,615 1,800 1,752 330 60 637 2.50 199 i 1 250 600 1 156 3 1 31 17 200 6,562 3,431 459 525 2 1,248 2,374 Group 2.- REGALIA AND SOCIETV BANNERS AND EMBLEMS— Continued. United States lihnois Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Missouri N'Mv York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states 247 134 130 437 18 234 1,015 132 39 112 81,012,768 90, 698 42,834 69,096 208, 578 8,500 SS.276 404, 614 46, 083 11,230 42,869 72 81 75 128 4 78 322 44 2 38 8503,298 39,513 30, 142 51,231 96, 446 3,600 42,850 196, 039 19, 3,50 1,650 22, 478 1,020 169 49 55 309 156 684 83 34 72 8503,292 50, 105 11,992 17,866 112, 133 3,400 45, 426 207, 487 25, 765 9,250 19,869 1,080 700 1,600 968 330 512 8568,076 46, 669 25, 293 12, 593 124,942 6,621 56, 315 255, 149 19, 841 2,084 18, 569 $72,370 10,209 5,040 4,440 3,960 1,344 18,534 11,167 6,614 1,212 10,860 $19,676 920 495 1,531 4,168 77 569 9,539 265 67 1,948 Group l.-RICE, CLEANING AND POLISHING-Continued. 1 Ignited States Goorf^ia - . - Lo(ii,sian;< 1,492 $640, 632 1,487 8639, 99.'! 1 S239 4 8400 '' 8616, 583 $17,930 850,481 ■2 .1 28 .1 923 92 432 6 11 , 7, 350 400,023 14, 949 211,710 2,540 4,060 28 923 88 431 6 11 7, 350 ■ 400, 023 14, ,549 211,471 2,540 4,060 5, 043 399, 874 16, 293 180, 934 1,810 6, 629 1,600 3,120 1,430 33,717 5,791 9,039 170 334 3 , 4 South Carolina Texas 4 400 5 1 239 9,610 1,060 2,640 6 7 All other states ■ GENERAL TABLES. 373 STATES AND TERKITORIES: 190.5— Continued. Oroup 14.— PUliP, FROM VIBIiR OTHKR THAN WOOD. (See "All other industries" at end ol' table.) Group I.— PDLP GOODS— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— OOnt'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of offices, inferest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. .5644.850 I'urchased in raw stat(\ S27.233 Purchased in parti all J' manufactured form (includ- ing "all otiier materials"). S74.895 S719.161 $617, 617 S40,600 S5,058 SIS, 428 $10,225 81,467,407 1 24 496 ■2:i6.931 ■1S2.230 207,089 437,761 27.233 179,866 437,761 15,974 24, 626 3,726 1,332 9,642 8,786 600 9,726 469,330 998, 077 ?, 50,399 3 Group 4.-Pi:,nPS, NOT INCLUDING STEAM PIFMPS— Continued. 55.188 1.542 41, 267 18,030 51,630 2,302 S. 672 42.177 63. 837 1.059 24,672 S21,393 10.070 800 8.300 173 2,060 SI. 192, 754 28,243 207,814 I 126.629 164. 804 20, 461 69, 795 139,290 217,595 i 10. 365 217.7.58 SI. 120,704 26, 100 197,034 118,938 166, 263 19. 789 65,865 132, 475 209, 494 10,040 196, 716 1,136 .30,000 $1, 089, 568 26, 100 197,034 118,938 156,263 19, 789 55,865 132, 475 208, 368 10,040 165,716 $24,259 S5, 362 75 6,063 1,130 3,630 424 970 4,281 7,214 249 1,333 318 2,631 726 50 120 966 230 $5, 167 150 994 136 902 48 216 1,097 887 24 715 $37,272 1,600 2,102 6,700 6,059 80 1,789 1,207 52 19,683 .52,852,623 46, 200 603,201 234,048 341,898 40, 925 110, 450 371,404 672, 068 21,267 411,162 Group 4 REFRIGERATORS- Continued. $757,471 87.400 || $3,271,767 753" 3,776 16,280 ' 114,780 72,227 1.400 ' 176,296 52,340 i 98,220 222,925 , 2,000 j! 967,890 13,299 ! 44,177 7,505 : 75,850 92,788 : 3,000 1 567,082 42,722 1 196,-361 17,785 ' 136,346 2.50 , ■ 2,.327 91,8.52 ' : 377,652 126,745 1,000 ! 511,013 $3, 156, 656 3, 557 104, 102 164,822 96, 160 964, 308 41,869 73, 886 564, 340 185, 954 132,083 2,245 351,669 491,662 1,670 28, 050 41,620 $3,086,1 3,657 104, 102 164, 822 96, 160 926, 268 41,869 73,885 554, 340 144, 334 132,083 2,245 351, 569 491,662 S47, 499 6 5 1 6 175 116 507 543 455 1,640 7,140 3,648 3,320 50 0,079 2,786 87,770 101 1,060 350 1,339 2,928 ■ 13 620 1,449 178 6,336 186 325 1,067 1,465 942 17 3,757 1,712 $41,895 64 3,823 4,908 25 703 328 2,563 5,304 16 12,247 11,925 .67,347,935 9,382 262, 709 462, 262 267,097 2,079,817 138, 332 162,016 1,214,885 504, 167 398, 204 8,960 800, 7.58 1,048,746 Group 2 REGALIA AND SOCIETY BANNERS AND EMBliEMS- Continued. $461, 136 $14,995 $2,019,067 $1,969,825 j $1,969,825 $11,916 $10,215 82, 461 824,661 84,763,266 1 26,339 19,758 6, 622 116,824 6,200 34, 102 232,313 13,962 805 5,211 9,195 179,729 92,797 103, ,321 330,226 13,686 177.806 940.880 84. 427 28,360 67,836 174,993 89, 678 101,959 320,668 1 13,200 175.003 918, 280 82, 082 28,003 65,959 j 174,993 89,678 101,959 320,668 13,200 175,003 918,280 82, 082 1,158 1,566 820 1,650 316 250 2,511 300 1,382 1,503 1,052 300 952 115 30 292 1,300 6 39 560 70 27 22 1,813 1,208 453, 647 207, 187 225, 224 808, 468 40,500 458, 490 2,099,683 199, 787 51,300 209,080 ^ 1 5,746 120 619 14,066 660 5 60 863 6,471 573 30 .374 3,120 2,130 (f 28,003 66,959 10 650 629 11 Group 1 — RICE, CLEANING AND POLISHING— Continued. $538,082 $9,090 813,316,065 $13,024,728 $12,631,132 $393, 596 1 $116,365 $3, 173 $88,909 $81,890 $16, 296, 916 1 2,013 361, 447 10,502 160,885 680 2,655 144, 648 8,973,084 504, 657 3,508,110 33,671 150, 895 141,064 8,747,346 497, 729 3,458,001 31,619 148,980 136, 154 8, 494, 483 481, 401 3,3,39,634 31, 580 148,980 6,900 252, 862 16,328 118, 467 39 1,040 76, 639 4,498 33,278 310 600 1,100 63 1,454 67, 147 2,430 16,8.31 512 636 172, 429 10,718,311 564, 575 4, 640, 269 40,300 171,032 •> 1,590 81,890 3 4 7,600 5 1,230 780 6 7 374 MANUFACTURES. 10 Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14.— ROOFING B1ATERIA1,S. (See also Coppersmlthing and sheet Iron ivorklng; Tinware.) STATE OK TEEKITOKY. United States. Alabama. . California. Illinois Indiana.. . Kansas Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts. 11 ' Michigan . . . 12 Minnesota.. 13 Missouri.... 14 New Jersey. 15 New York 16 Ohio 17 I Pennsylvania. 18 , Tennessee 19 I Vermont 20 Virginia 21 West Virginia. , 22 All other states i Number of estab- lish- ments. 307 19 15 105 7 26 6 5 18 $16, 925, 065 96,146 1, 103, 139 1,019,252 131, 725 5,550 264, 133 411,692 181, 761 648, 554 313, 233 173, 177 479, 895 2, 338, 251 1,411,750 1, 794, 684 4, 635, 526 200, 680 827, 70S 430, 127 158, 889 300, 198 Land. 82,779,973 1,000 158, 376 89,000 5,602 650 8,400 76,000 58,863 9,782 28, 709 29,000 30,000 149, 768 264, 000 49, 930 1,306,570 10, 000 187, 500 243, 278 31,800 41,745 Buildings. .?1, 774, 694 5,469 100, 945 117,004 22, 672 850 22,000 183, 937 10, 324 46, 598 28, 384 19,000 15, 926 336, 560 185, 109 196,380 259, 497 31, 287 48, 256 40,485 50, 318 53, 693 Machinery, tools, and implements. J3, 831, 198 23, 575 218, 779 441, 569 19, 007 1,650 24, 362 46, 482 28, 538 179, 810 18, 424 34, 296 74, 277 632,644 240, 184 266,091 1, 232, 452 28,960 165, 663 60,328 25, 994 78, 113 Cash and sun- dries. S8, 539, 200 65, 101 625, 039 371,679 84, 444 2,400 209, 371 105, 273 84, 036 412,364 237, 716 90,881 359, 692 1, 219, 279 722, 457 1,282,283 1, 837, 006 130, 433 436, 286 86,036 50, 777 126,647 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 23,405 95 284 355 24 48 275 290 132 195 195 1,216 416 1,251 15, 752 108 1,503 600 72 Group 14.— RTJBBEK. AND ELASTIC GOODS. 1 224 $46, 297, 537 SI, 815, 659 . $5,780,558 $8,850,316 $29,851,004 188 55,881 ■9 4 21 11 6 47 24 55 27 13 9 3 4 43, 951 7,041,765 1,562,251 1,351,021 10,948,266 3, 788, 359 4,752,250 11, 654, 287 2, 579, 606 1,794,533 774, 584 6,664 13, 460 1, 455, 158 229, 583 326, 467 1,822,796 988, 039 776, 624 2,020,664 681, 760 428, 466 105, 866 1,633 30, 491 4, 320, 700 1,326,040 838, 473 7,666,036 1,936,272 3, 168, 950 7,487,930 1,339,647 1,144,990 586,344 5,131 4 19 7 6 46 23 34 26 10 9 3 1 44 6,488 1,473 2,339 10, 632 6,810 4,687 19,739 2,716 1,245 807 1 .^ Connecticut 287, 205 978, 702 6,628 164, 451 1, 144, 093 673, 448 518, 081 1,562,399 493, 399 163, 462 75, 895 5 21,630 315,341 190, 600 288,695 583, 294 64,800 57,615 6,479 R 7 8 Ohio 10 11 I'' n 1 Group 4 RUIiES, IVORY AND "WOOD. 1 United States 13 $263, 496 $11, 950 $48,660 $64,225 $128,671 9 ! 318 o 3 3 7 23, 500 ! 60,900 169, 096 7,300 18,000 38,925 16,200 27,900 84,571 3 3 3 24 102 192 ^ 3,000 8,950 i2,666 36,650 r] 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Arkansas, 1; Colorado, 2; Florida, 1; Georgia, 2; Iowa, 2; Nebraska, 2; New Mexico, 1; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 1; South Carolina, 1; Texas, 2; Washington, 1; Wisconsin, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 375 STATES AND TERRITORIES; 1905— Continued. Group 14.— UOOFING MAXKRIALS. (See also Coppersmlthlug a.nd sheet Iron worklu;;; TlUHrare.) Proprie- tors and firm tneni- bers. SALARIED OFnCIALS, CLERKS, ETC. ' WAGE-EAHNERS. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. General superintendents, managers, cl(!rlvs, (\tc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at an" one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. SaUiriL'S. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Numljer. Salaries. 1 314 ' 1,029 SI, 162,057 151 S335,332 878 S826, 725 722 $746,669 156 $80, 166 10,689 7,446 1 4 4 r., 650 75,905 .84,596 22,876 4 51 45 22 6,650 64,942 63, 848 17,056 4 43 36 18 5,650 51,062 48,376 15,200 23 234 252 78 15 77 152 205 152 84 46 140 710 439 308 5,442 148 1,412 379 67 226 14 128 164 30 5 61 100 145 100 46 12 82 498 309 220 3,807 120 1,190 310 34 81 •>. 3 10 5 6 4 65 i 14 10 3 20,963 30, 747 5,820 8 '1 3,880 6.473 i;856 3 4 6 6 20 13 20 24 25 16 69 154 92 100 231 18 50 10 6 32 1 18, 646 7,694 M, 455 35,028 27, 510 12,998 66, 187 188,817 121,591 149,339 235,074 15,460 41,607 11,636 4,619 37, 470 6 3 10 2 6 1 8 13 13 13 28 4 1 3 2 11 8,940 1,312 3,600 10,500 11,620 1,800 10, 100 61,360 37, 500 47, 400 56,276 3,300 2,000 7,000 2,476 13,620 14 9 10 22 19 15 61 141 79 . 87 203 14 49 7 4 21 9,706 6,382 5,855 24, 528 15,890 11, 198 46,087 127, 457 84,091 . 101,939 179,799 12, 160 • 39, 507 4,636 2,144 23,860 10 7 10 22 12 8 62 114 52 61 188 11 47 5 4 18 8,190 5,382 5,865 24, 528 13,034 9,050 40,034 109, 574 68,977 90,741 173,898 10,360 38, 706 3,700 2,144 22, 110 4 1,516 1,000 7 8 6 13 11 1 q 10 7 7 9 27 27 26 16 3 2 2,856 2, 148 6,063 17,883 15, 114 11,198 5,901 1,800 802 936 11 12 13 10 13 157 6 39 5 3 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 '1 3 1,740 22 Group 14.— KUBBEK ANJD EL.ASTIC GOODS. 103 1 2,364 82,857,263 260 $812,731 2,114 $2,044,632 1,696 $1, 836, 132 418 $208, 400 24, 666 18,073 1 54 21,660 443, 732 167, 775 78,548 600,642 221, 216 462,953 622,716 102,568 91, 709 42,256 1,500 2 39 13. 13 46 38 31 39 13 10 6 1 1,800 124, 324 36,281 34, 266 191,583 75,086 128,269 137, 435 37,960 37, 138 7,100 1,600 52 362 144 49 359 147 285 573 70 35 38 19,860 319, 408 131, 494 44,292 409,069 146, 131 334,684 486,280 64, 608 64, 571 35, 165 44 298 119 39 281 118 233 449 61 25 29 19, 260 288,428 115,602 40, 597 366, 050 132, 400 306, 989 426,635 60,600 48,936 31, 645 8 64 26 10 78 29 52 124 9 10 9 600 30,980 15,892 3,695 44, 009 13,731 27, 695 58, 645 4,008 6,636 3,610 50 3,820 1,397 691 5,725 1,984 3,068 6,622 860 1,121 326 12 38 2,783 994 424 3,960 1,486 2,388 4,281 638 870 213 8 1 6 401 157 62 405 185 316 612 83 46 43 3 4 5 32 6 42 4 6 3 6 7 .8 9 10 11 1? 3 1 13 Group 4 — RUL,X:S, IVORV AND WOOD. 13 15 815,230 7 $9,300 8 $6,930 5 $4,500 3 $1, 430 164 77 1 2 1 1 1,300 5 5,270 9 j 8,660 1 2 4 1,300 3,000 5,000 24 111 29 23 44 10 o ' 3 6 2,270 3,660 2 3 1,800 2,700 1 2 470 960 3 4 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Maryland, 3 Includes establisliments distributed as follows: Connecticut, 1; Minnesota, 1; Missouri, 1; New Hampshire, 1. 1; Maine, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Michigan, 2; Ohio, 1; Pennsylvania, 1. 37G MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14 ROOFING MATEKlAIiS— Continued. WAGE-EAENEE3 AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. STATE OK TEERITOEY. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United states 8,819 84.007,669 8,661 83,973,762 10 S2,326 158 J31,591 SI, 787, 079 «134,.510 557,072 18 168 201 46 6 60 109 164 . 125 63 32 109 548 361 255 4,604 129 1,312 327 43 139 7,114 136,640 109,061 21,388 2,300 36.679 44,886 69,392 74,201 37,509 14,488 67,801 293,323 206,814 137,317 1,908,864 56,&59 590,646 101,226 25,047 67,134 18 159 200 45 6 60 109 160 125 63 32 107 648 358 250 4,492 119 1,305 313 43 139 7,114 133,043 108,895 21,213 2,300 36,679 44,886 68,783 74,201 37, .509 14,488 67, 451 293,323 206,049 136,017 1,885,619 55,269 689,146 99,586 25,047 67,134 4,542 137,291 114,729 42,950 468 21.301 14, 007 15,787 44,752 45,520 19,295 41,644 326,430 231,295 68,115 460,322 28,580 90, 771 23,521 8,902 46, 857 960 1,660 ■ 8,133 780 288 908 1,001 2,457 8,578 1,335 144 6,100 5,200 7,495 4,200 61,416 960 16,650 2,353 1,396 2,596 469 2,262 5,739 670 16 681 744 426 3,215 1,520 632 2,761 6,670 7,647 6,289 12,376 1,525 2,177 1,220 408 725 3 . . 9 2,597 4 1 156 ■i Indiana ... 1 175 fi 7 8 9 in Maine 4 609 Massachusetts 11 Michigan . . 1? 1 13 Missouri 2 3.50 14 New Jersey T^ New Vork 1 5 1 260 1,300 260 2 505 16 Ohio 17 111 10 7 14 22,975 1,690 1,500 1,640 IS 19 T) ''1 West Virginia 99 Group 14.— RUBBER AND EtASTIC GOODS— Continued. l^nitcil States California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Massachusetts New Jersey New York Oliio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Wisconsin All other states 21,184 45 3,143 1,179 558 5,003 1.728 2,692 4,815 751 991 271 $9,412,368 30,067 1,283,369 459,397 255,092 2,208,141 845,6.53 1,113,381 2,318,259 365, 661 416, 642 111,812 4,904 13,863 45 1,703 2,953 1,388 1,454 3,826 688 529 119 4 30,067 825, 106 357,357 238, 774 1,501,364 732,243 739,446 2,020,350 319,504 275,108 66,997 3,740 6,950 $2,204,258 1,406 399 72 1,938 307 1,208 136 435 150 3 452,030 100, 110 16,318 661,549 107,932 367, 473 276, 895 41,204 135,378 44, 465 904 112 33 30 93 27 27 2 1 8,054 6,223 1,930 46,228 5,478 6,462 21,014 4,953 6,156 350 260 86,616,272 29,547 933,781 386, 770 623,371 1,1.58,158 398, 502 681,700 1,740,246 306, 772 227, S1.5 128, .521 1,090 4.580 14,186 40,785 346 21,186 11,735 66,973 2,190 3,636 19,. 590 ],000 630 8238,253 281 21,387 6,229 8,440 84,081 13,014 20, 415 71,501 5,bl2 6,011 1.871 11 Group 4.— RU1.es, IVORY AND AVOOD— Continued. 1 rnited Statps 149 $54, 860 96 $45,048 51 $9,386 2 $428 873.854 S2,661 ! 81,050 2 New Jor.sov - 24 98 27 11,389 31,881 11,590 23 49 24 11.077 22.,S81 11,090 1 47 3 312 8,574 .500 1 2. 151 12,512 59,191 3 New York 4 All other states - . 2 426 1,230 279 154 845 GENERAL TABLES. 377 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Oronp 14.— ROOFING MAT.13RIAL.S— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent ot offices, interest, etc. ,926 3,113 133, 469 100,057 41,600 164 19,812 12,262 12,904 32,J59 42,665 18,519 32,783 314,560 216, 153 54,130 375,112 26,095 71,944 19,948 6,241 43,536 Contract worlc. $17,571 800 4,496 11,418 Aggregate. $10,842,307 140, 891 499,688 923,401 122,248 4,959 813,482 13,496 81,640 323,346 220,387 206,401 1 306,514 I 1,. 572, 367 895,234 2,410,392 I 1,333,278 191,133 376,591 68,540 85,737 203,682 COST OF MATERIALS USED. Principal materials. Total. $10,322,743 139,231 444,547 S90,9li.S 120, 197 4,S.')2 811,044 7,089 75,041 310,134 210,032 195,338 340,852 1,501,066 869,760 2,391,312 1,143,584 189, 130 345,409 63,616 80,617 199,028 Purchased in raw state. 7,805 8,425 20,547 13,969 3D, .584 24,000 26,467 334,480 "'i,"547 I'nreliasei] in pii,i-tiall,\- inaiiiil'jirtnred form (includ- ing "a.ll otiier materials"). 9, 812, 7(14 139,231 436,742 882,540 120,197 4,852 811,044 7,089 31,966 310,134 210,032 195,338 320,306 1,487,097 839,176 2,367,312 1,118,117 189,050 10,929 63,615 80,517 197,481 Fuel. $344,002 6,237 25,121 1,470 107 645 5,406 4,806 11,482 1,S,-)S 4,500 9,114 65,038 21,445 15,179 145,404 1,882 26,291 3,260 2,890 1,843 Rent ot power and heat. .S14,.543 720 3,803 619 ;m2 150 1,717 386 825 4,608 500 230 177 Mill sup- plies. .<48, 137 105 2,153 2,752 12 379 931 423 200 250 552 8,912 3,979 2,771 20,154 121 3,391 465 100 407 Freight. 8112,282 930 46,031 760 50 1,0.34 71 1,028 1,.500 8,111 6,313 14,279 6,965 60 305 19,528 1,200 2,000 2,127 Value of products, in- eluding cus- tom work and repairing. $19,870,953 193,718 1,045,507 1,309,738 228,810 10,019 980,851 72,773 210,025 643,643 1,392,880 3,148,166 4,293,414 404,259 1,288,276 211,409 137,492 426,846 362,911 11 248,643 ' 12 762,135 I 13 2,499,449 14 Gronp 14 RUBBX^R ANB EL,ASTIC GOOBS— Continued. $6,031,642 24,686 860,730 335,2.56 513,784 1,039,604 373,753 591,062 1,666,564 298, 124 201,990 125,650 449 $69,641 37,478 4,600 801 13,288 "i3,"266' $38,912,226 131,465 4,342,040 1,671,345 1,366,807 8,828,556 3,959,229 4,999,714 10,226,800 1,313,245 1,639,301 427,848 6,876 $37,513,731 126,700 4,118,641 1,612,422 1,317,463 8,537,970 3,803,285 4,868,263 9,831,491 1,289,786 1,601,233 409,691 6,796 $14,076,260 6,700 1,126,639 24,926 935,623 2,658,920 1,223,647 992,464 5,567,078 472,292 935,715 132,366 823,437,471 120,000 3,992,102 1,587,496 381,840 5,879,050 1,579,638 3,865,789 4,264,413 817,494 666,518 277,335 6,796 $50,569 130,636 45,696 34,260 177,778 117,763 81,297 232,278 19,787 26,600 10,188 4,j000 1,040 1,906 180 6,322 600 34,758 360 343 994 $173,897 765 37,050 4,931 1,480 58,535 20,270 16,277 28,539 3,688 403 5297,947 54,774 6,490 13,424 47,951 17,311 10, 129 133, 132 370 6,786 7,666 14 $62,995,909 219,212 8,868,363 2,847,589 2,357,111 14,098,471 I 6 4,836,338 I 7 8,265,690 ' 8 ,15,963,603 I 9 2,220,366 ' 10 2,682,180 11 720,036 12 16,971 I 13 Group 4 RIJIiES, IVORV ANB WOOB— Continued. 822,112 $48,041 8.55,113 $43,710 37,030 $36,680 53,866 S175 1 .54,892 $2,470 $248,906 1 958 3,249 2.314 2,314 14,964 19, 402 686 inn i 49 100 354 2,016 20,763 90,107 138,036 ■> 11 128 17..>;79 1 14' 964 2,011 1,169 75 ! 168 > 4,675 3 10)026 48,641 34! 292 i 26! 432 7,030 4 378 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY eroup 5.— SADIH.ERV AND HAKNESS. (See also liCatlier goods.) STATE OE TERRITORY. United States Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Georgia Illinois Indian Territory . . . Indiana Iowa -. Kansas Kentucky I.ouisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming All other states ' . . . Number of estab- lish- ments. 1.076 Total. 529,264.460 64, 497 174,143 1,556,615 305, 730 273, 591 903, 121 2.632,608 60,325 1,418,417 867,008 698, 462 1,108,762 466,375 66,816 610, 415 666,044 519,498 1,725,359 60,225 2,936,776 73, 334 901,025 46, 650 652,331 404,327 1,689,824 209,021 110,860 2,279,907 513, 656 1,271,748 106,941 27,500 745, 800 1,986,407 90,062 24,000 155, 160 212, 467 189.050 396, 602 36,150 247, 865 Land. 81,316,072 550 12, 600 83, 050 9,600 11,000 34, 460 143,340 18,000 63, 700 25, 470 13,816 64, 266 16, 160 6,300 26,200 14,000 34, 100 41,500 6,260 19. 466 2,500 56,250 4,500 26,220 37,000 139, 842 4,165 11,000 141,600 27, 550 113,900 3,000 3,200 10,639 30, 460 1,500 1,000 10, 460 17, 200 2,200 12,600 4,600 14,400 Buildings. $2, 736, 361 2,250 26, 609 79,600 13,700 51,813 293,260 2,800 147, 147 75, 058 46,965 66, 450 16,250 7,500 96,944 26, 000 69, 100 94,000 13, 000 109, 617 10,000 119, 821 4,500 74,061 77,300 198,718 20,384 13,500 297,675 61,700 211,550 13,000 9,800 30,776 114, 175 2,973 500 27, ISO 28,050 27,200 12,400 3,600 33,696 Machinery, tools, and implements. S2, 509, 467 6,665 12,525 117, 189 29,995 32, 956 109,281 170, 406 9,950 146, 117 66, 920 46,440 101,284 26,000 8,200 30,585 20, 135 64, 892 97, 899 8,065 233, 635 7,450 43,617 8,300 92, 747 33, 463 203,271 25,266 12,360 242,045 40,666 101,367 16, 844 2,300 69, 169 100,000 5,850 1,500 24, 115 22,969 33,082 73,703 550 21,805 Cash and sun- dries. 56, 032 123, 609 1,276,776 252, .536 177, 822 651,321 2,025,602 29,675 1,061,453 699, 560 493; 242 876, 753 398,976 35,816 467.686 361, 406 1,491,960 32,910 2, 573, 058 63, 384 681, 337 29, 360 369, 303 266,664 1,147,993 169,206 74,000 1,698,787 383,851 844,931 75,097 12,200 636, 322 1,741,782 79,739 21,000 93, 445 144,248 126,568 297,899 27,600 177,964 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Ciroiip 3.— SAFES AND VABliTS. United States New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states 2 . . . 87,326,133 408. 097 4, 548, 697 1,281,537 1,027,902 $270,278 28,000 122, 742 85, 536 34, 000 S945, 427 30,000 648, 374 185,918 81, 135 82, 175, 48, 049 1,324,684 357, 449 446, 107 $3,936,239 : 362,048 2,452,897 652,634 467,660 i Group S.— SAL.T. (See also special report on Salt.) United States California Kansas Michigan Nevada New York Ohio Oklahoma Texas Utah West Virginia All other states '^... United States < . Group 14 — SAND AND EMERY PAPER AND 01.0TH. $237,390 1,205,864 1,000 3 11 7 10 Total horse- power. 7 27 204 36 702 661 633 163 50 238 93 23 203 94 177 315 13 2 133 345 46 578 158 18 920 71 296 18 10 184 266 5,646 166 2,946 891 1,663 146 S25,586,282 $8,771,232 $6,116,448 $5,402,772 85,296,830 115 19,902 26 10 41 3 34 8 3 7 5 3 6 1,276,854 1,635,963 3,638,149 61.. 520 15.322.152 1,241,957 1 .57, 337 331,061 612, 679 . 110,800 1,407,810 782,910 161,698 427,919 7,500 6,471,811 46, 847 19,330 50, 500 346,210 26,800 430,707 148,970 463, 007 864, 662 10,500 3,611,689 455,500 15,460 111,000 90,640 22,000 322, 130 130, 805 390,921 1,268,893 27,020 2, 457, 468 431,000 20,949 94,500 66,085 28,000 487, 131 214, 169 620,337 976,676 6,500 2.781,184 308, 610 1,608 ■ 75,061 109,844 36,000 167,842 14 10 36 2 27 8 1 7 3 3 4 758 2,321 6.206 90 5,073 1,796 18 497 188 725 2.230 I Includes est . Hi. li.shments distributed as follows: Arizona, 2: Delaware, 2; District of Columbia, 1; Florida 2- New Mexico 1- Oklnhnma ■>■ <3^„n, t.„i , , Island™/""^"" ...stal,li.shments distributed as foUows: Calilornia, 2; Colorado, 1; Illinois, 1; Indiana,'l;'KenSy7lf Maryland?!;' New JerTy,i;Orego?,}; Rhode GENERAL TABLES. 379 ■STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Contiimod. Groui) 5.— SADBIililRY AND HAKNESS. (See also I^eatlier goods.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. 1,181 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Aggregate. Number. Salaries. 54 12 9 30 114 11 100 20 24 39 6 11 28 23 32 21 12 41 24 6 4 36 126 20 1 66 18 79 2 2 28 54 16 3 19 29 I 14 20 1 9 4 9 I 64 ! 32 19 44 214 82 94 36 99 80 1 ■61 15 39 88 4 21 3o 11 ' 14 175 35 79 14 2 66 142 Officers of corporations. Number. Salaries. 52.019,147 1,700 10, 328 74, 42S 31,801 20, 158 36, 391 188,935 79, 834 80,094 30, 701 77,780 62, ISIJ ."lOO 41, Aii 17,877 ^,473 104, 303 3,240 300,188 7,518 22, 580 38,149 83, 736 10,357 8,000 158, 305 36, 120 68,729 15, 376 450 61, 563 141, 654 6,776 1,625 21, 170 13, 230 7,960 31,889 1,632 21, 568 54(13, 875 (.;rnrr;il ..^upirintendents, managers, clerk,«, etc-. Total. Number. 4. SOU 28, ir.o 11.100 4,100 26,716 28,925 16, 650 9,520 19, 840 9,000 390 6,925 6,066 27,280 1,140 69, 323 15, 200 4,650 9,704 18, 034 4,000 4,000 39, 272 12, 500 7,080 7,400 14, 160 49, 620 3,430 7,' 666 199 64 81 27 85 76 1 59 12 34 73 2 243 11 147 28 77 10 2 53 118 7 3 21 16 Salaries. 81,555,272 1,7(10 5, .^L'.S 46, 27.S . 20,701 20, 158 32,291 162,219 60, 909 63, 544 21, 181 57,940 53, 186 500 41, 453 11,952 23, 407 77, 023 2,100 230, 865 02, 318 17,930 28, 445 65, 702 6,357 4,000 119,033 23, 620 61, 649 7,976 450 47, 403 92,034 6,776 1,626 21, 170 13, 230 7,960 28, 459 1,632 14, 568 Women. Number. .SI. 402,! 42 23 16 34 173 27 70 2 235 12 26 58 8 11 124 23 2 45 114 7 2 19 13 1,.".(J0 ,"i.()OS 42, :i.S8 19, .'id.'i IS, 358 30,.586 149, 804 44,918 57, 820 18, 868 54, 200 52, 050 600 40,853 10,052 21, 162 76,041 2,100 226, 186 60,242 14. 604 27, 300 58, 439 6,357 4,000 108, 654 20, 920 57. 605 6,815 450 44, 863 ■ 90,314 6,776 1,000 20, 430 12, 330 7,000 27,809 1,200 13, 892 200 Salaries. .S92, 314 200 620 3,890 1, 136 1,800 1,705 12,416 5, 991 5,724 2,313 3, 740 1,136 600 1,900 2,245 982 3,326 1,145 ,263 10, 379 2,700 4,044 1,161 2,540 1,720 625 740 900 960 650 432 676 "WAGE-EARNERS. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing tile year. 17,658 Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the .year. 47 87 549 163 245 966 1,392 ; 35 I 1,021 ; 493 I 268 i 813 268 46 346 388 424 644 44 1,463 j 29 j 309 29 371 341 1,239 205 57 1,612 287 841 117 29 1 641 I 843 64 i 26 191 1 109 105 490 I 22 i 110 33 47 348 120 199 772 7 1, 032 8 28 9 726 10 331 11 183 ! 12 583 13 210 14 28 15 317 16 278 ' 17 297 ! 18 458 ' 19 26 20 1,007 j 21 26 22 174 23 17 ! 24 221 25 216 j 26 942 I 27 140 i 28 44 I -29 1,213 ; 30 201 ! 31 1 698 i 32 63 I 33 23-! 34 325 ■ 36 686 I 36 51 37 23 38 140 39 69 40 65 41 378 42 18 43 72 44 Group 3.— SAFES AlVlJ VAUI.XS. 15 ' 415 $723,097 51 $199,966 364 $523,131 295 1 $489,496 69 $33,636 3,766 3,237 1 91 1 91.270 4 26 12 9 13,640 ■ 87 1 77.630 77 73. 2.30 10 47 6 6 4,400 22,734 3,698 2,804 290 i ^.^iO 9 1 3 11 , 188 1 76 60 454, 015 81,882 95,930 117,476 30,050 38,800 162 64 51 336,539 61,832 ■ 67, 130 115 58 45 313, 805 48, 134 54, 326 2.272 856 348 2,010 715 262 3 4 5 87 38 38 80 2 133 62 3 19 14 10 Group 8. — SAliX. (See also special report on Salt.) $487, 425 $159, 747 33, 540 44, 647 92, 069 3,000 172,472 52, .597 1,677 19, 028 18, 860 10,600 38,935 .5.327, 678 1,020 12, 600 19, 250 3,000 I 61,520 25, 070 867 7,600 12, 300 1,800 14,820 36 32 67 32, 520 32,047 72, 819 108 37 1 14 21 110,952 27, 627 810 11,528 6,660 8,800 24. 115 301 20 $311, 658 32, 505 30, 967 70, 731 105, 327 22, 415 810 10, 628 6,080 8,800 23, 395 31 $16,020 1, 16 5,625 5,112 900 480 "726" 6,524 j 675 254 2 676 425 3 2.034 974 4 20 10 6 1,700 1,283 6 711 438 7 22 4 8 256 124 9 170 47 10 93 67 n 268 199 12 $77, 712 Group 14.— SAND AND EMERY PAPER AND CLOTH. 572,372 53,000 38 II $74,712 34 .52, 340 3 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Idaho, 1; Illinois, 1; Louisiana, 2: Massachusetts, 1: Pennsylvania,!. ■I Includes establishments distributed as follows: lUinois, 1; Maine, 1; Massachusetts, 1: New York, 2; Pennsylvania, 2; Wisconsin, 1. 380 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 5 SADDIiEKY AND HARNESS— Continued. STATE OR TEEEITORY. United States. Alabama Arkansa.s . . . California. .. Colorado Connecticut . Georgia Illinois Indian Territor}^. Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky. Louisiana. Maine Maryland . Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire . New Jersey New York North Carolina. North Dakota. . Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania- . . Rhode Island. . . South Carolina., Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington. West Virginia... Wisconsin Wyoming All other states. WAGE-EARNERS AND "WAGES. Average number. 15,032 40 62 445 141 217 862 1,195 33 867 398 223 685 224 37 327 328 343 526 30 1,223 28 239 22 320 279 1,090 171 48 1,407 244 706 100 17 433 687 25 167 440 19 93 Wages. 87,634,311 17,387 37, 430 313, 4S4 101,397 113,830 2K0,.502 681,242 22,971 370, 122 183,297 118,062 313,032 104,083 17,949 134,827 188,395 173,061 290,208 14,394 690,439 26,632 142,168 16,920 168,490 147, 140 563,965 52,385 27,748 067,345 157,926 347,710 49,245 6,200 162,. 570 448,522 36,325 9,400 63,263 62,822 34,268 231,674 15,903 54,588 Men 16 years and over. Average number. 13,649 60 429 139 181 682 1,119 33 776 391 222 698 163 36 299 302 312 501 26 28 236 21 293 264 976 163 42 1,177 240 644 66 16 392 667 66 25 166 87 71 361 19 85 Wages. $7,265,195 17,179 36,870 307,846 100,777 104,406 263,743 646,916 22,971 350,048 186,692 117,672 296,208 93,457 17,749 128,333 176,572 164,343 281,829 13,498 676,212 26, .532 141,460 16,500 160,643 142,404 615,636 51,377 26,528 602,465 166,166 313,819 39,380 5,900 166,691 440,172 36, 100 9,400 61,413 62,363 31,623 207,426 15,903 53, 175 Women 16 years and over. Average number. Wages. $311,678 117 60 1 1 20 13 109 221 4 5G0 3,640 ,6,784 19,614 24,273 15,522 1,577 390 9,920 3,120 200 3,850 12,143 8,005 8,469 312 420 6,771 4,398 37,264 53,6.30 1,760 29,204 8,483 1,700 4.59 1,685 23,648 824 Children under 16 years. Average number. Wages. $67,638 208 1,998 620 2,640 7,146 10,054 4,552 128 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. 6,904 7,606 2,644 680 713 1,684 1,176 338 l.Oliti 1,008 1,220 1,250 4,687 1 , 382 300 2,349 2,270 225 fli;o 700 Total. $3,074,414 8,498 20, 165 96,626 47,150 26,219 72,773 262,624 8,124 168, 183 125,405 62,068 160,113 37,380 3,283 69(063 37,606 43,142 143,390 3,600 275,878 6,869 115,605 2,258 84,984 38,896 231,601 17,872 13,876 270,792 46,442 106,453 4,072 910 100,498 238,480 13,866 4,986 19,835 25,027 29,021 35, 418 1,988 26, .516 Taxes, not Rent of including works. internal revenue. 1,660 1,400 39, 184 12,464 3,366 6,074 41,198 1,494 21,307 14,936 9,061 17,061 5,345 1,230 8,534 10,417 7,162 25,960 980 46, .377 1,750 7,670 734 1,075 9,361 45,171 3,160 480 23,861 11,016 24, 126 1,060 11,501 45,780 6,090 300 3,702 11,666 3,080 11,851 720 3,600 $154,027 635 629 6,391 2,320 1,895 4,130 13,269 462 10,022 4,650 2,300 6,268 449 300 4,317 2,651 4,482 6,979 576 13,942 811 6,662 280 2,174 2,936 6,287 1,429 796 14,670 2,203 3,483 355 225 2,987 12,465 1,105 286 1,338 1,774 660 2,670 290 1,794 Group 3.— SAFES AIND VAULTS— Continued. 1 United Sliitrs 3,488 S2. 162.246 3,469 82,157,290 .?31,381 $19,836 9 269 1.33.676 262 2,144 761 302 132,687 1,392,053 414,232 218,418 7 9 1 '1 l,n,SS 76,271 3,432 ■ 403,613 196 160,2.'ill 240 : 171,249 3,667 11,664 9,100 7,060 1,823 14,339 2,237 1,437 3 Ohio 2,153 762 304 1,395,485 414, 428 218,658 4 Pennsylvania All other states 5 Group 8.— SAliX— Continued. 1 United States 4,666 $2,066,399 4,371 $1,988,946 289 $76,664 6 $1,790 $1,236,679 $21,663 $93,869 2 313 526 1,388 14 1,373 .539 10 172 68 80 183 138, 398 ■230,3.32 626,026 9,741 585,522 236,267 6,6.35 73,929 43,927 29,466 86,156 310 501 1,343 14 1,234 467 10 162 67 SO 183 137,618 223,919 614,934 9,741 560,097 214,282 6,635 72,335 43,762 29,466 86, 156 3 26 39 ■ 780 6,413 9,302 .53,781 197,4.37 259,866 1,936 487,704 102,203 1,298 34,601 22,962 3,200 70,713 4,850 3,631 6 017 46,935 660 23,295 3,948 46 1,797 1,389 1,450 4,792 3 Kansas 4 6 1,790 3,825 5 Nevada 6 New York 139 72 36,426 21,986 7 Ohio 600 8 Oklahoma 9 Texas 10 1 1,594 165 2,378 10 Utah 11 West Virginia 1' All other states 10,000 Group 14.— SAND AND EMERY PAPER AND CLOTH— Continued. 305 $182,618 272 $174,800 28 $6,704 $1,014 $116,216 $12, 183 $3,090 GENERAL TABLES. 381 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 5.— SADUIiElRY AND HAKNESS— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATEHIALS USED. Value ol products, in- cluding cus- tom worlc and repairing. Rent ot offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. nent ol power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. 523,307,295 Purcliased in raw state. Purchased in partially mannlactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). .52,336,080 $82,575 .523,774,239 105. 84S 104,719 748,931 233,449 204,451 1,220,909 2,011,916 76,569 1,071,661 759,014 383,915 905,945 587,958 42,740 447,138 471,661 408,293 1,017,722 54,319 2,337,908 55,932 532,605 24,944 327,352 228,628 1,193,268 190,798 85,800 1,928,314 526,081 666,799 155,797 19,866 813, 140 2,016,208 93,245 15,775 229,129 175,826 235,331 859,619 26,785 179,131 $191,536 523,115,759 $95,312 .593,175 S42,948 $235,509 842,054,842 1 105,501 103,752 721,703 226,229 201,219 1,198,875 1,989,977 70,394 1,050,601 747,342 375, 195 886,116 585,271 41,415 446,400 462,460 400,725 1,004,035 53,611 2,308,974 54,697 507,932 24,915 312,236 224,663 1,157,989 186,626 83,500 1,901,204 519,912 637,859 152,377 19,625 798,426 1,966,980 92,338 15,720 225,313 168,773 219,806 847,568 26,235 177,746 11,1.50 1,100 5,275 94,342 102,652 716,488 226,229 201,219 1,189,045 1,987,753 76,394 1,016,687 745,932 373,595 883,048 585,271 41,415 444,838 462,460 400,725 1,003,975 53,611 2,288,928 64,697 507,692 24,915 286,119 223,582 1,135,903 177,412 83,500 1,896,900 517,812 619,619 152,307 19, 605 785,002 1,965,015 92,338 15,720 224,938 168,501 219,806 845,788 26, 235 1^,746 240 900 4,997 1,261 200 1,309 6,015 107 47 378 170 327 885 1,480 73 2,943 317 252 689 238 16 131 78 405 650 45 2,017 60 668 26 11,046 166 13,225 438 25 2,948 456 483 175 5 324 737 48 5 130 295 100 317 170, 4S:>, "> 1 18,136 51,001 32,366 20 1,906 270 2,147 12,090 7,458 102 6,321 3,112 717 2,831 210,175 ' 3 50 19,887 5,519 568 7,750 6,986 1,441,523 4 487,017 ; 5 20,959 398,085 6 63,569 9, KM) 2,224 1,816,800 7 206,657 6,178 126, 854 1,500 3,584,243 144, 697 1,924,594 1,284,762 705,791 1,750,654 872,545 98,101 869,575 807,973 728,290 1,695,451 95,670 4,142,601 112,663 968,983 62,890 653, 109 561,197 2,425,897 306,486 151,406 3,370,658 863,279 1,450,812 253,818 37,950 1,410,454 3,251,525 179,626 39,215 373,204 348,836 368,337 1,268,807 54,335 322,265 8 9 33,914 1,410 1,600 3,068 4,742 2,786 3,004 3,741 2,449 217 49 742 2,773 6,442 180 10,904 100 2,800 7,054 6,467 4,747 12,568 in 102,884 40,707 107,243 31,586 1,753 56,212 24,403 31,498 110,451 2,104 192,742 3,308 100,773 1,244 81,735 26,598 179,623 13,293 12,600 232,361 26,723 71,032 2,657 685 64,905 180,245 6,671 4,400 14,645 11,698 25,281 20,897 978 20,122 2,936 11 12 19,551 13 14 626 1,439 894 1,976 5,680 188 5,826 215 2,585 3 878 2,267 6,709 1,871 200 8,537 630 5,887 516 200 2,729 1,507 125 466 119 7,487 2,414 915 295 10,188 860 18,620 15 562 16 35. 17 IS 60 19 20 22,817 20,046 21 m 600 240 23 24 26,117 1,081 22,086 9,214 404 945 7,273 483 1,775 3,453 1,458 1,668 1,217 36 3,606 7,076 84 50 2,406 901 91 4,083 2,789 488 8,072 1,380 300 12,172 2,625 20,902 1,512 2,5 26 520 27 9H S9 4,304 2,100 18,240 70 20 13,424 1,965 30 6,500 6,812 31 32 33 34 21,105 8,065 39,908 650 35 36 37 3S 150 375 272 381 452 1,022 4,151 899 5,405 14,312 3,500 550 100 39 40 41 1,780 4?. 43 845 315 126 44 Oronp 3.— SAFES AND VAUliTS^Continued. $723,671 $26,501 $3,211,336 $3,055,998 $60 $3,056,938 $65,091 $21,689 $24,314 $44,244 $7,861,069 1 70,781 377,720 112,418 162,762 264,247 2,047,138 541,713 368,238 249,165 1,962,334 496,826 347,673 ' 249, 165 1,962,274 496,826 347,673 4,002 41, 160 7,280 12,649 720 1,.550 18, .565 854 360 17,607 2,144 4,203 694,682 4,895,161 1,343,869 927,357 2 60 24,487 16,898 2,859 3 26,501 4 5 Group 8.— SALiT— Continued. $1,093,854 45,400 191,420 198,675 1,275 450,268 97,7.55 776 29,051 21,563 1,760 56,921 $l00,943 $26,313 10,420 14,141 477 1,276 $4, 166, 137 119,739 533,643 1,190,951 3,175 1,185,816 662,547 4,677 194,823 51,362 64,770 154,734 $2,585,289 95, 121 268,393 812,925 2,480 726,576 404,097 522 91,429 43,062 34,070 106,614 $2,585,289 95,121 268, 393 812,925 2,480 726,576 404, 097 522 91 , 429 43,062 34,070 106,614 $1,355,880 22,528 253,846 293,093 600 449,460 165, 184 4,065 92,365 6,233 27,700 41,816 .$23,296 I $104,751 417 I 6,399 480 1,673 9,354 38,282 95 9,300 24,632 100 11,029 982 ! 3,000 1 6,304 I $96,921 1,950 40,252 52,634 " '2,085 Group 14 SANJJ AND EOTEKY PAPEK AND CL,OTH Continued. $1,064,606 $990,268 $110,221 $880,047 $18,983 SS,33li $17,979 $19,039 9,437,662 428, 632 1,123,114 2,404,717 30,000 3,167,279 1,167,546 5,498 351,060 236,997 115,732 407,097 51,477,003 382 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 1.— SAUSAGE. (See also Slaugbterlng and meat packing, wholesale; and special report on Slaughtering and meat packing.) STATE OB TERRITORY. United States California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Iowa Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan .., Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Wisconsin All other states ' . . . Number of estab- lish- ments. 292 Total. $2,704,246 43, 430 64, 449 255,421 66,410 28,300 26,292 34,248 36,440 227,880 29,260 15,300 23, 150 14,586 257,419 868,727 107,750 276,674 39, 193 28,550 197,468 64,410 Land. S367,044 6,260 3,776 44,300 10, 400 6,000 4,650 6,300 2,100 37,602 7,300 3,000 4,000 4,700 33,817 97,700 22,360 29,875 1,426 7,000 26,300 9,200 Buildings. 5661,342 3,500 9,860 89,600 24,200 9,000 9,350 10,200 19,660 31,036 4,200 3,500 7,500 4,000 84,732 153,800 45,260 50,950 6,200 11,800 56,225 16,900 Machinery, tools, and implements. 8533,762 8,990 19,660 41,047 10,376 6,900 7,940 6,045 7,690 51,672 11,900 3,400 3,725 2,185 29,492 181,566 18,960 64, 126 10,316 6,500 34,005 17,300 Cash and sun- dries. SI, 162,0 24, 690 31,174 80,574 21,436 6,400 3,362 12,703 7,000 107,671 5,860 5,400 7,926 3,700 109,378 436,672 21,200 141,624 21,252 3,250 80,938 21,010 Number of estab- Total lish- horse- ments re- power. porting. 248 3,440 60 151 461 90 34 39 27 94 376 561 262 381 116 81 20S 76 Group 3.— SAWS. (See also Cutlery and edge tools; Tools, not elsewhere specified.) United States California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Michigan . . . , New York Ohio Pennsylvania Washington All other states 2. . , Sll, 287,816 293,346 307,172 929,942 2,025,750 116,178 847,266 349,754 4,747,288 138, 103 1,633,028 $751,937 7,000 62,000 38,000 111,862 7,589 71,600 47,000 322,136 36,700 49,150 81,364,676 1,000 42,350 220,200 177,229 20,703 164,266 47,146 626,291 3,700 SI, 776, 374 38,761 72,897 164,600 284,961 39,307 207,973 74,830 776,364 19,340 96,361 17,396,830 246,596 129,926 607,142 1,451,698 48,579 403,526 180,778 3,023,497 79,363 1,324,727 9,821 5 149 3 175 6 430 4 7 3,349 234 15 1,131 7 340 9 3 2,689 120 16 1,204 Group 3 SCAL.es AND BAL,ANCES. United States Illinois Indiana Iowa Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Permsylvania All other states ^- . . 85 $8,512,993 274, 108 188,606 68,660 97,501 373,089 76,140 474,744 1,137,032 773,869 692,700 4,356,764 $431,337 51,100 5,044 5,300 7,343 3,500 14,400 99,800 10,000 35,600 199,350 26,694 18,838 6,450 35,797 8,600 19, 400 132,792 16,316 166,500 770,211 $2,106,162 66,380 39,618 14,000 25,076 41,030 11,550 139,629 216,825 167,046 220,000 1,173,999 $4,776,006 140,034 126,006 42,800 72,425 288,919 52,490 301,316 687,615 681,498 270,700 2,213,204 3,417 82 207 48 62 142 86 130 809 93 568 1,191 Group 3.— SCKEWS, MACHINE. 1 26 54,133,141 8148,670 $646,683 $1,693,361 $1,744,437 25 3,756 Connecticut Massachusetts Ohio . 2 3 4 3 10 4 3 6 1,109,836 1,013,700 1,375,921 35,669 698,025 41,2,30 39,320 39,120 191,023 178,180 167,930 468,770 363,939 515,261 27,407 217,984 408,813 432,261 653,620 8,2.^,2 241,491 3 9 4 3 6 855 837 1,360 74 630 5 Pennsylvania 6 29,000 169,550 Group ».— SCKEWS, WOOIJ. United States 5 $5,969,4,46 $176,850 $2,773,310 .$2,196,698 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Delaware, 1; District of Columbia, 1; Georgia, 2; Kansas, Carolina, 2; Texas. 1; Washington.!. 3.727 Nebraska, 1; Oklahoma, 1; Oregon, 1; South : Includes establishments distributed as follows: Georgia, 1 ; Kentucky, 1; Maine, 1; Maryland, 2; Massachusetts, 4; Missouri, 1; New Hampshire 2- NewJersey 2- Tennessee, 2. f > » j » » GENERAL TABLES. 383 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 1.— SAUSAGE. (See also Slau^literlug and moat packing, ivliolesale; and i»x>eclal report on SlaugUtcring and meat packing.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFU'lAL.S, CLERKS, 3TC. WAGE-EARNERS. Aggregate. 1 Officers of corporations. i General superintendents, managers, clerics, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least numljer employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. W omen. Number. Salaries. Number. 10 Salaries. Numljer. Salaries. Numljer. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 355 122 $109, 297 837,000 112 SS2,297 83 $71,281 29 $11,016 1,489 1,165 1 26 22 28 8 10 9 9 44 9 6 5 7 13 60 21 28 15 4 13 16 1 1 180 6 3,896 13 11,232 4 1,700 1 ISO 1 6 4 3 180 3,896 4,460 1,600 34 65 214 35 19 21 13 22 174 32 15 23 9 78 249 85 140 48 16 152 45 34 69 127 24 14 19 13 22 138 30 13 18 8 71 248 70 105 27 12 75 38 9 6 8 4 3,896 6,432 1,700 f 6 4,800 4 1 1,972 200 4 .6 fi 2 1 600 3 5,356 2 ' 600 1 156 2 600 7 2 5,200 1 156 8 9 9 9, 197 9 9,197 7 8,365 2 832 10. 11 1 . 700 1 700 1 700 12 13 1 14 9" 47 8,630 51,156 9 44 8,630 34,156 8 38 7,980 31,608 1 6 650 2,548 1.5. 3 17,000 15 17 4 4 1 16 2 5,082 1,576 600 4 4 1 16 2 5,082 1,576 600 9,154 238 4 2 1 5 1 6,082 1,160 600 5,030 130 IS 2 426 19 20 9, 154 238 11 1 4,124 108 21 22 Group 3.— SAWS.. (See also Cutlery and edge tools; Tools, not elsewhere specifled.) 75 576 $623,309 61 $138,692 525 $484,717 432 8443,079 93 $41,638 5,020 4,284 1 3 1 7 2 10 16 1? 2 17 31 19 44 251 10 57 29 61 10 64 26, 171 33, 039 50,871 226, 138 7,014 49, 956 31,660 116,920 9,834 71, 706 6 5 6 7 2 6 8 5 9,700 11,800 15,600 30,359 1,600 13,500 11,700 30,333 26 14 38 244 8 61 21 56 10 57 16,471 21,239 35,371 195, 779 6,414 36,456 19,960 86,587 9,834 57, 606 23 10 33 195 6 37 16 53 8 51 14, 151 18,600 31,. 519 177,739 4,769 31,316 17,460 86,037 8,954 53, 634 3 4 6 49 2 14 5 3 2 6 2,320 2,639 3,852 18,040 645 5,140 2,500 1,550 880 4,072 86 76 475 1,138 67 584 171 1,849 26 549 62 65 318 897 44 443 150 1,826 18 461 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 10 7 14,100 11 Group 3.— SCAIiES ANO BAL.ANCES. 77 431 $476,627 64 $164,612 367 $312,015 274 $269,621 93 $42,394 3,581 2,545 1 3 23 22,919 8 12,700 15 10,219 12 6,739 3 3,480 141 91 2 3 18 16,387 3 5,700 15 10,687 6 0,769 9 3,918 116 32 3 4 3 4,500 3 4,500 62 36 4 5 7 8,092 2 2,000 5 6,092 4 5,842 • 1 260 97 53 6 17 32 24,562 1 1,600 31 22,962 17 18,994 14 3,968 173 104 6 6 19 12,577 6 3,302 13 9,275 6 5,640 7 3,635 91 78 7 6 37 43,880 7 16,950 30 27,930 25 25,217 5 2,713 151 98 8 17 80 102,763 11 48,400 69 54, 363 46 42,953 23 11,410 634 411 9 2 48 39, 972 1 6,200 47 34,772 29 28, 190 18 6,582 409 146 10 4 69 76,662 10 32,000 49 44,662 44 41,550 5 3,112 220 193 11 10 105 124,313 12 33,260 93 91,053 86 87,727 8 3,326 1,497 1,304 12 Group 3.— SCKEWS, KIACHIIVE. 15 209 $244,417 30 $71,945 179 $172,472 146 $156, 710 33 $16,762 2,146 1,779 1 30 66 63 5 46 35,596 68,585 82,573 2,748 * 54, 915 7 6 10 11,625 10,800 26,020 23 59 53 5 39 23,971 57, 785 57,653 2,748 30,416 18 47 42 5 34 21,605 50,921 52, 521 2,748 27,916 5 12 11 2,366 6,864 5,032 663 737 467 38 360 466 607 413 34 269 2 7 •i 4 6 2 6 r 24,600 5 2,500 6 Group 3.— SCieEW^S, WOOD. 158 $193,506 17 $61,300 141 $132,205 97 $111,923 $20,282 3 Includes establishLients distributed as loUows: Colorado, 2; Connecticut, 1; Georgia, 1; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 1; Mississippi, 1; Nebraska, 1; Tennessee, 2; Vermont, 2; Wisconsin, 1. , ,, » < Includes establishments distributed as follows: Ilhnois, 1; Missouri, 1; New .Tersey, 1; New York, 2; Wisconsin. 1. 5 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Connecticut, 1; Illinois, 1; Ohio, 2; Pennsylvania, 1: Rhode Island, 2. 384 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Oronp 1.— SAUSAGE— Continued. United States. STATE OE TEBEITORY. WAQE-EAENEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. 1 Total. Eent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States California 1,265 8739,824 1,236 $731,627 23 S7,402 6 $796 $303,952 $59,714 $16, 143 34 60 158 16 16 21 13 22 156 30 14 18 8 67 261 78 116 35 13 97 23, 677 37,998 97,482' 8,934 8,228 9,654 7,265 11,581 93,516 15,651 7,650 11,364 4,060 42,028 168, 631 46,234 48,373 22, 984 5,441 55,040 14,033 33 j 23,497 59 ■ 37,530 157 97,257 15 8,934 16 1 8,228 21 9,654 13 7,265 22 11,581 153 95 706 1 180 11,651 17, 603 26,297 2,360 4,601 962 7,137 1,916 34,796 4,691 1,236 2,474 2,299 11,094 114,022 9,417 22,310 9,655 1,136 13,455 5,051 6,f90 2,142 8,349 240 1,362 348 250 307 8,0,32 2,260 462 564 324 2,376 17,550 1,244 1,601 3,149 300 880 984 160 561 1,662 216 269 159 238 176 2,071 241 149 87 110 932 4,701 1,491 1,001 160 386 1,144 239 ^ Connecticut 1 1 468 226 IlUnois 5 Indiana 6 7 S Maine 9 2 f.in 1 1 200 31 n Miciiigan 29 14 14 8 67 256 77 109 34 12 94 33 15,620 7,650 9,666 4,060 42,028 167,009 45,870 47,486 22, 724 6,285 53,844 13,733 ^'> 13 3 1,660 1 138 14 15 New Jersey New York 16 5 1 5 1 1,622 364 797 260 17 Ohio IS 1 90 19 Rhode Island I'ennessee . ''0 1 156 ?1 M isconsin 3 1 1,196 300 ?? 34 1 Group 3.— SAWS— Continued. 1 United States California 4,660 $2,707,423 4,264 $2,633,061 103 $24,637 283 $49,736 $1,023,943 $46,577 $36,759 "> 82 70 425 972 52 519 162 1,837 21 510 57,218 45, 211 289,757 677,766 28,136 231,533 114,881 1,024,839 14,300 323, 794 77 66 425 899 62 476 162 1,585 21 603 56, 282 43, 545 289,757 563, 910 28,136 219,464 114,881 980,842 14,300 321,936 6 936 22, 969 28,465 146, 398 316, 146 7,491 100, 294 35, 694 217,714 8,167 140, 616 4,830 650 6,080 900 390 18,601 1,700 615 1,205 12,706 699 1,145 3,661 10,716 825 6,066 2,170 3,076 775 8,726 3 5 1,666 4 Illinois 1 Indiana 73 13,845 R 7 New York 43 11,805 1 264 S 9 Pennsvlvania 51 9,672 201 34,325 10 Washington All other states 11 4 1,494 3 366 Group 3.— SCAIiES ANO BAIiANCES— Continued. 1 United States Illinois 3,133 $1,764,789 3,077 $1,735,187 33 $14,139 23 $5, 463 $968, 550 $66,892 $31,839 '' 110 75 40 71 132 84 111 526 365 206 1,414 •71,114 39,396 21,268 60,396 57,901 36,981 63,230 292, 401 196, 460 119,270 800, 383 107 73 32 71 124 S2 106 619 363 206 1,394 70,282 38,896 19, 658 50, 396 66,499 36, 693 60, 924 289,501 195,860 119,270 798,209 3 832 48,328 9,413 5, 646 14,564 41,793 35,467 61,282 164,304 270,972 110,039 206,842 5,565 292 985 7,135 2,894 1,972 4,667 30, 492 8,223 760 4,007 1,288 1,180 597 856 1,204 149 1,303 6,059 2,885 . \ 345 16,973 3 2 8 600 1,600 4 Iowa 5 6 2 1,014 6 2 1 1,388 288 156 7 Missouri 8 4 6 2 2,150 2,900 600 q New York 10 Ohio 11 Pennsylvania 19 9 5,375 11 2,799 Group 3 — SCREWS, IttACHINE— Continued 1 United States Connecticut M assachusetts 1,965 $941,869 1,808 8908,310 76 $20, 776 SI .512,767 $236,506 $14,901 $26,735 2 3 529 649 438 36 313 272,234 289, 006 226, ?60 14,766 139, 494 468 679 423 38 302 2.55. 669 277, 931 222, 734 14,765 137.327 46 11 16 13,600 2,500 3,626 15 59 3,076 8,576 60, 618 41,438 88,284 3,733 42,432 600 • 6,083 5,701 8,331 9,885 54 2,704 4 Ohio 1 Pennsylvania 2,076 6,142 6 4 1,050 7 1,117 Group 3.— SCREWS, WOOD-Continued. $656,330 906 $405,099 517 $138,807 66 $12, 364 $264,091 $2,000 $29, 146 GENERAL TABLES. 385 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 1.—SAUSA«;E— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of ollJces, interest, etc. Contract work. .Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other matPrials"). • $228,036 S60 $5,568,593 $5,468,258 S391, 881 $5,066,377 $75, 662 $18, 359 $5,3.50 $10,964 $8,122,904 1 4, 501 14,800 16,296 1,894 2,970 455 6,649 1,432 24,693 2,090 626 1,823 1,866 7.726 91,771 li. f..S2 19. 70S 6,346 450 11.431 3,828 133. 195 141,491 737,378 66,079 65, 136 64,391 48,549 99,848 637,852 109,444 45,700 56,675 25,878 391,273 1,488,433 288,385 655,781 93, 324 44,690 387,426 117, 665 130,606 137, 3(58 725,060 55,276 53,560 53,496 46,766 98, 101 619,736 106,810 44,690 64,730 24,612 386,360 1,461,862 283, 479 646,480 89,600 43, 990 379,985 115, 692 10,640 119,966 137,368 716,060 48,476 53,560 53, 496 46,766 96,976 481, 360 44, 140 44,690 54,730 24,612 378, 860 1,457,862 282, 439 427, 084 89, 600 43,990 379,985 84,357 1,407 2,361 9,075 773 705 755 920 1,626 12, 174 2,410 840 1,315 690 3, 627 20, 149 3,866 3,349 1,700 620 6,379 1,142 808 2,521 40 314 722 30 8 m 60 122 348 138 20 65 35 392 1,081 405 367 149 20 832 122 217,062 243, 936 995, 171 81,996 78, 100 91,445 74,816 145,912 913,706 162, 370 02,000 79, 294 37,810 515,534 2,331,719 426,674 779,789 167,221 58, 820 508,496 162,033 ? 640 3 9,000 6,800 4 6 414 48 424 449 12 379 6 7 8 1,126 138,375 62,670 9 4,408 36 150 665 371 594 4,204 335 461 964 160 210 1,187 50 10 11 12 13 270 300 1,137 300 6,134 921 14 60 7,500 4,000 1,040 119, 396 15 16 17 18 19 20 20 165 21 31,335 1,122 : 564 22 Group 3.— SAWS— Continued. S9.3.S,577 *2. 030 54,035,530 $3,746,503 $3,740,603 $169,686 $28,664 $66, 043 $24,1134 $9,819,787 1 17,440 26, 770 137, 167 304,530 6,276 76,627 31,824 212, 583 6,177 119, 183 38,778 67, 824 611,-999 986,299 63,919 T 378,579 125, 021 1,367,200 23, 768 493, 143 29, 146 64,005 499,880 930,927 47,579 351,913 115, 802 ■ 1,243,004 ■ 19,920 454,328 29, 145 64,005 499, 880 930,927 47, 579 361,913 115,802 1,243,004 19,920 464, .328 1,900 2,653 9,900 34, 487 3,981 12, 929 3,392 76, 728 25 23, 691 4,401 159 1,740 60 857 6,502 2,360 3,712 2,023 7,850 269 1,007 350 3,670 790 7,613 2,768 41.937 650 7,089 3,063 i29' 16,1.55 712 722 699 1,819 1,150 ; 185 1 175,216 212, 246 1,030,849 2, 360, 212 111,767 978, 800 386,323 3, 323, 465 83,538 1, 167, 383 2 3 590 4 6 6 7 8 1,440 9 10 11 Group 3 SCAL.es AND BA1,ANCES— Continued. .S.S.55,059 $14,760 $1, 633, 1.50 $1,631,044 .?7:i3 .31,. 530, 311 $66, 172 $14,383 $15,334 $16,217 $0,002,638 1 41, 315 6,441 3,964 6,673 37, 696 33,346 56, 412 125, 741 260, 864 108,934 184,774 160 1,600 98, 450 41, 151 35,393 56,289 66,258 58, .305 65, 647 263, 831 211, 701 107, 199 629,926 96, 413 ' , 39,085 32, 923 62, 357 60, 850 50, .588 58, 333 248, 107 205, 149 102,580 586, 6.59 96, 413 38,352 32,923 52, 357 60,850 .50, 688 58. .333 248, 107 205, 149 102, .580 585, 6.59 1,194 934 795 730 2,185 1,871 2,090 9,374 675 3,550 32,774 1,196 227 418 160 663 400 2,640 4,851 2,352 745 2,653 420 714 1,000 1,257 305,069 208,317 106,605 164,604 267, 512 147, 880 266,576 863, 636 936,802 520, 718 2,226,019 2 733 3 450 1,785 1,560 360 2,151 1,304 2,625 4 5 6 5,096 433 195 900 324 5,878 7 8 3,012 9,000 9 10 11 1,088 2,962 12 $194, 827 64, 317 27,024 78, 399 1,561 33, 526 342 $960, 627 176, 863 289, 899 300,890 11,638 171, 347 Group 3 SCREWS, MAOHINE— Continued. $827, 099 144,989 257,046 265, 163 9,718 150, 183 S.S27.099 144, 989 257, 046 265, 163 9,718 150, 183 $47,968 $19, 429 $42. 149 $13,982 14, 393 12, 405 8, 490 666 12,115 6,212 2,415 8,939 1,143 720 9,727 14,0.57 16,604 96 1,666 1,532 3,976 1.694 117 6,663 Group 3.— SCKEWS, WOOD— Continued. 82,711,600 674,713 790,611 792,683 46, 516 607, 177 $232,945 $731,542 MFG— PT 1—07 25 $644, 672 $43, 063 $37,944 386 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 4.— SE«'IN«i MACHINE OASES. (See also Seu'lng machines and aUachiuents.) STATE OK TEREITOEY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWEK. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and Implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States i . . 8 85,887,643 S285,212 .51,808,788 8864,744 S2, 928,899 8 7,838 Group 3.— SEWING MACHINES ANB ATTACHMENTS. (See also Sewing inaclilne eases.) 1 United States 46 $26,695,294 8896,242 $2,855,466 $5, 657, f 09 H7, 286, 777 42 13,744 2 9 6 11 3 17 3,593,325 3,458,955 114,640 4,052,353 15,476,021 226,200 21,910 900 131,000 516,232 535,892 226,018 2,400 600,507 1,490,649 831,540 639,927 61,570 803,187 3,321,586 1,999,693 ■ 2,571,100 49,770 2,617,659 10,148,666 8 6 9 3 16 2,155 1,034 143 2,122 8,290 3 Massachusetts ... . 4 5 Ohio. A 6 Group 13.— SHIPBUILDING, IRON AND STEEL,. (See also Shipbuilding, trooden. Including report on Shipbuilding.) boat building; and special United States Connecticut Delawaie Maryland Michigan New Jersey New York Pennsylvani.i All other states " ... $101,528,261 704,500 2,,552,262 3,068,366 3,126,832 8,000,760 6,988,621 17,436,760 69,644,250 $17,955,229 16,500 344,562 238,400 630,115 1,139,600 1,842,688 7,248,000 6,495,564 $19,692,761 71,000 411,316 432,926 753,774 2,981,341 865,576 1,979,650 12,097,178 $21,985,832 274,000 731,439 1,630,284 888,621 2,295,983 1,852,337 3,659,773 10,653 396 $41,994,429 343,000 1,064,946 766,766 864,322 1,689,936 2,428,020 4,549,338 30,398,112 66,186 4 925 3 3 5 1,805 4,329 3,466 6 7,919 7,213 5 8 10,904 29,625 Group 13 — SHIPBUILDING, WOODEN, INCliUDING BOAT BUIIiDING. (See also Shipbuilding, iron and steel; and special report on Shipbuilding.) United States. Alabama California Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Texas .' Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states < 18 138 32 122 52 28 13 72 200 12 19 11 28 15 8 23 39 3 32 5 $20,095,449 309,406 I 693,268 1,000,143 77,530 990 63,659 17,200 1,094,307 264,471 .169,697 72,830 82,967 1,221,691 1,157,2.54 1,^67,843 784,715 319,370 39,750 23,733 5,665 2,883,914 4,755,836 71,570 251,312 119,710 570,504 696,033 10,905 667,365 690,503 125,614 821,888 73,906 83,924,313 36,260 62,810 130,610 6,450 17,700 2,000 617,825 105,960 10, 150 8,700 6,450 120,716 200,602 215,565 79,872 27,875 6,000 500 400 356,850 1,134,407 ' 16,550 58,650 49,000, 95,950 41,500 270 170,675 141,127 6,000 191,900 0,000 $3, 140,. 518 2,150 68,540 68,6.50 4,610 16,400 10,750 262,550 40,900 26,635 5,700 10,250 171,780 146,697 125, 437 126,863 65,560 11,375 350 900 281,250 1,125,317 2,600 36,350 11,100 47,651 111,166 1,426 39,950 69,475 37,942 208,240 12,075 $5,007,590 171,722 261,140 321,132 28,230 I 190 ■ 15,500 3,050 112,707 42,500 60,031 12,730 22,450 251,312 90,853 185,045 136,603 77,266 16,300 8,273 2,075 1,092,890 819,388 23, 160 38,743 .37,050 179,530 195,125 3,160 218,650 365,500 36,813 162,548 25,875 $8,023,028 99,274 310,778 479,751 38,340 14,059 1,400 111,185 65,121 72,781 45,700 43,817 677,884 719, 102 541,796 441,387 148,690 6,075 14,610 2,290 1,162,924 1,676,724 30,260 117,569 22,560 247,373 348,242 6,050 138,090 114,401 44,859 259,200 29,956 56 22 53 25 23 10 4 1 37 115 4 14 7 6 11 2 19 22 3 24 1 27,204 250 4,367 1,085 187 62 6 1,191 649 248 108 432 1,719 1,929 862 1,914 169 17 77 916 70 416 420 7 922 877 96 944 20 '- Includes establishments distributed as follows: Connecticut. 1; Illinois, 2- Indiana 3- Michigan 1- Ohio 1 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Connecticut, 5; Missouri, 2; New Jersey, 5; Pennsylvania, 2; Rhode Island, 2; Texas, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 387 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued. Group 4.— SEWING MACHINE C^VSK)*. (See also Sewing niachliii's and attarlinients.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALAEIED OrFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Aggregate. [lOfficers of corporations. Number. Salaries. Number. 5 Salaries. $11,900 Total. Number. Salaries. $168, 184 Men. Number. 152 Salaries. .5166,716 Women. Number.' Saijirlcs. 3 ; 51,468 WAGE-EARNERS. Greatest i Least number I number ■ employed | employed at any one at any one time dur- time dur- ing the ing the year. year. 4,938 Group 3.— SEWING MACHINES AND ATTACHMENTS. (See also Sewing luaelilne cases.) 16 764 $972,065 63 $193, 447 711 $778,608 538 $694,086 173 $84,52^ 13,630 11,433 1 5 3 6 250 ) 256,874 134 : 211.82a 12 ' 13.112 101 139.648 12 9 2 42,000 57,300 3,500 35,925 64,722 238 126 10 94 244 214,874 154, 525 9,612 103,723 295, 874 137 110 7 75 209 162, 680 147,213 8,276 94,765 281,162 101 16 3 19 35 52, 194 7,312 1,336 8,958 14,722 1,668 792 85 2,126 8,859 745 660 46 1,712 8,270 2 3 4 5 2 267 350,596 23 6 Group 13. -SHIPBVIIiDING, IRON AND STEEIi. (See also Slilpbnllcllng;, Hrooden, including boat building^ and special report on Shfpbuildlng.) 18 1,770 $2,544,297 96 $667,045 1,674 $1,977,252 1,692 $1,920,797 82 $56,455 48,303 26, 117 1 4 46 57 98 102 262 164 297 744 73,600 j 89,324 118,462 99,402 406, 548 274,071 460, 106 1,032,784 3 6 4 7 9 13 16 40 20,000 19,833 8,108 26, 300 67, 056 74,425 128, 167 223,166 43 52 94 95 . 253 151 282 704 53, 600 69, 491 110, 364 73, 102 339, 492 199,646 321,939 809,628 41 48 94 81 252 150 282 644 52.000 67,683 110,354 71, 403 338, 742 199, 135 321,9.39 •769,541 2 4 1,600 1,808 1,664 1,436 2,306 2,972 3,686 6,506 7,279 22, 456 824 842 988 564 2,824 1,879 4,961 13,245 2 3 4 14 1 1 1,699 760 511 fi 6 5 6 7 S 60 50,087 q Group 13. -S1UPBIIIL.DING, WOODEN, INCI.I7DING BOAT BUILDING. (See also Shipbuilding, Iron and steel; and special report on Slilpbullding.) 1,172 710 $795, 444 137 $242, 114 "673 $553,330 617 $532,598 56 $20,732 23,880 8,160 1 7 39 41 8 4 14 4 20 7 8 9 22 173 47 135 69 30 14 5 6 73 231 14 23 8 28 i 15 11 30 ! 46 6 31 34 3 12,240 47.840 30. 979 2.400 2 3 6 4, 800 10.800 9,700 4 28 28 3 7,440 37,040 21,279 2,400 4 24 25 3 7,440 34, 460 20,276 2,400 243- 1,013 938 105 20 198 21 666 406 188 231 572 2,326 1,204 1,580 1,334 382 168 150 8 2,213 6,321 200 456 383 638 345 71 661 931 142 767 121 129 364 536 -31 4 47 2 89 166 74 60 104 658 461 422 407 158 118 108 5 1,045 1,627 36 138 98 315 170 24 160 361 29 247 78 4 3 2,580 1,004 3 4 5 fi 5 4.780 2 1,300 3 3,480 3 3,480 7 8 14 17 19 8 33 42 50 48 16 17, 409 17,864 12,836 li.580 10.670 34.076 .54.613 45. 183 35,590 14, 670 7 6 1 4 3 8 15 5 10, 546 8,500 1,000 3, 180 4.200 14,800 9,495 21.742 8,680 7 11 18 3 5 26 36 36 43 16 6,864 9.. 364 11,836 3,400 6,470 19,276 46,118 23, 441 26,910 14, 670 7 10 16 3 6 17 34 28 32 14 6,864 9,000 11, 141 3,400 6,470 17, 127 46, 014 21, 157 23, 575 13, 470 9 1 2 364 695 10 11 13 8 1 7 11 2 2,149 104 2.284 3,335 1,200 14 16 16 17 18 19 2 2,-880 2 2,880 2 2,880 ''1 54 173 2 12 4 24 16 81,718 196,672 1,170 12,374 6,900 31,892 32,060 13 29 37.836 51,100 41 144 2 9 4 24 11 43,882 145,672 1,170 8,634 6,900 31, 892 14,360 40 137 2~ 9 4 23 11 43,570 142,423 1,170 8,634 6,900 31,352 14,360 1 7 312 3,149 22 23 '>4 3 3,740 ""< ">(, 1 1 540 V 1 5 17,700 ''S 9q 27 27 8 27 1 25,230 20, 213 7,682 28, 123 800 1 6 3 9 864 1 5,200 3,052 13,880 26 22 6 18 1 24, 366 16,013 4,630 14,243 800 25 22 5 11 1 23,950 16,013 4,630 11,643 800 1 416 30 31 3? 34 7 7 2,600 33 34 s Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 3; Florida, 1; Illinois, 1: Louisiana, 2; Maine, 1; Massachusetts, 3; Ohio, 3; Rhode Island, 1; Virginia, 1; Washington, 1; Wiseonsin. 1. „ „ ' Includes establishments distributed as follows: Georgia, 2; South Carolina, 1; Tennessee, 2. 388 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED iNDUSTRIES, BY Group 4.— SE"WING MACHIIVE CASES— Continued. STATE OE TEEEITOET. I WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. 'Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States 4,450 «2, 028, 933 4,109 $1,950,172 21 $6, 450 320 872,311 $302,091 $10,000 $31,657 'Group 3 SEWING-mACHINES AND ATTACHJMEIVTS— Continued. 1 United States 12,671 $7,46.4,325 12, 108 $7,303,208 495 $149,079 68 $12,038 $1,406,667 $21,916 899, 701 ? 1,390 727 65 1,906 8,683 803, 076 472, 686 38, 415 1,057,384 5,092,764 1,365 690 65 1,868 8,130 791, 755 460,011 38, 415 1,046.268 4,966,769 29 37 10, 459 12,675 6 862 329,120 274, 873 14, 372 257, 103 531,199 6,880 8,265 4,850 9,203 18,758 198 15,708 55,834 s Massachusetts 4 f^ Ohio 24 405 8,578 117, 367 14 48 2,548 8,628 R 2,921 Group 13 — SHIFBUI1.DING, IKON AND STEEL.— Continued. United States Connecticut Delaware Maryland Michigan New Jersey New York Pennsylvania All other states 6,742 1,263 ,1,061 2,050 1,346 3,279 3,397 6,098 18,248 820,809,908 655, 000 539, 647 1,015,653 770,953 1,990,543 2, 384, 565 3, 187, 699 10,266,948 36,941 1,263 1,062 2,031 1,322 3,279 3,395 5,727 17,872 820,647,475 656,000 537, 423 1,010,219 766, 561 1,990,543 2, 383, 760 3,101,223 10,202.746 1,032 2,006 17, 709 .366 341 $140,881 1,092 5,434 4,392 84, 470 46, 493 ■ $3, 767, 620 61,575 113, 429 179,041 207, 450 170, 698 645,271 867. 721 1,532,435 $111,695 7.000 1,206 7,300 7,950 31,900 46, 200 10,140 $229,874 1,300 ■ 7,541 7.368 23; 344 8,138 47, 207 32, 184 102, 792 Group 13.— SI11FBUIL.DING, 'WOODEN, I1V01.UD11VG BOAT BdlLDING —Continued. United States. Alabama •. . California Connecticut Dela ware District of Columbia Florida Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Texas Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states 174 639 735 61 7 92 6 288 302 109 116 211 1,322 722 798 652 224 125 133 5 1,684 3,031 73 246 30 381 501 85 88, 431, 179 92,100 637, 046 332, 253 23, 862 4,185 4,133 179,385 124, 253 57, 520 71,394 122, 564 769,288 324,839 533, 863 297,300 132, 957 85,069 99, 489 2,612 1,042,159 2,002,468 37, 404 122,082 121, 760 286, .597 156,938 22, 605 162, 500 311,882 38,006 265, 237 48,626 13.974 174 637 735 59 7 92 5 287 302 109 116 210 ,320 722 796 224 124 1,584 3,020 73 243 169 408 228 30 , 378 501 86 459 93 $8, 420. 409 92, 536, 332. 23, 4, 4, 179, 124, 57, 71, 122, 758, 324, 633, 296, 132, 1,042, 1,999, 37, 120, 121, 283, 156, 22, 161, 311, 882 006 237 626 256 $6,902 100 3,100 'i,'i66' 83, 868 306 '295' 150 241 "255' $1,487,886 10, 892 37,913 25,342 19,875 540 3,904 144 45,658 41,415 24,428 6, 487 8,120 170, 130 66, 187 116, 050 101, 393 16, 668 4,643 7,097 279 211,480 376, 939 3,492 21,694 7,500 22, 779 16, 642 1,900 18,119 45, 812 2,356 52, 152 1,956 8203, 244 2, 370 10, 250 3,920 650 320 736 2,055 100 400 60 1, 181 4,644 10, 812 22,313 2,706 1,751 241 3,520 103 22,911 91,171 2,070 2.468 960 3,801 2,055 480 1,525 5,256 50 2,035 330 $95, 706 1,161 2,772 1.577 213 405 12 4,213 1,730 102 658 786 7,946 10, 334 6,826 5.569 1,594 603 60 32 9,228 19,099 512 1,274 1,332 1,818 1,474 32 3,079 3,197 560 6,757 761 GENERAL TABLES. STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 4.— SEWING raACHINE CASES— Continued. 389 MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST on- MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. S2, 593. 141 Principal .materials. Fuel. Rent ol power and heat. $600 Mill sup- plies. Freight. ' Total. Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing " all other materials"). $160,738 $99,696 $2,462,441 $195, 813 $2,266,628 $109,501 $19,948 $651 85,272,547 1 Group 3.— SERVING MACHINES ANB ATTACHMENTS- Continued. $1,243,666 .?41,3S4 ?S. 107, 366 87.780,040 $7,786,040 $217, 536 $6,079 $41,937 $66,774 $20,869,870 1 314,037 247,850 S.624 241,395 431,760 1,05s. 291 503.011 23. 7115 1.803.047 4.717,222 981,639 476, 651 22,740 1,763,646 4,641,464 981,639 476, 661 22,740 1,763,546 4,541,464 43,101 9,142 796 26,248 138,250 800 , 2,866 1,258 6,586 2,199 774 9,208 23,170 26,165 12, 153 228 4,045 13,183 2,711,331 1,850,683 106,628 3,881,763 12, 319, 575 9 3 700 4 >; 40,684 1,155 R Group 13 SHIPBUIIiDlNG, IKON ANB STEEI.— Continued. $3, 144, 279 S2S1.772 $27,601,824 $26,242,783 $26,242,783 $965, 648 $29, 813 $237, 474 $126,206 $58,433,314 1 40,075 92,683 171,673 59,722 119,997 566,164 779, 337 1,314,628 13,200 12,000 2.104,695 855,022 1.361,416 684,099 2,687,626 2,088,168 4,856,021 13,004,787 2, 104, 540 814,717 1,264,125 624,080 2, 458, 468 1,957,575 4,699,723 12, 319, 655 2, 104, 540 814,717 1,264,125 624,080 2,458,468 1,967,575 4,699,723 12, 319, 555 61,930 31, 436 71,031 39,860 108,549 88, 758 142,131 431,864 7,726 3,546 26,260 5,919 17,287 13, 566 11,956 151,216 500 4,961 3,187,670 1,681,899 3,616,314 2,029,835 6,271,327 6,927,721 9,643,164 27,276,384 •> 363 3 4 117,084 34,613 2,400 2,817 6,187 18,046' 11,850 505 22,072 2,212 84, 106 6 6 7 8 104,876 q Group 13 — SHIFBUIIiDING, WOODEN, INCtUBlNG BOAT BUIIiDING— Continued. $796,290 $392,646 $9,861,355 $9,535,233 7,361 23,683 19, 845 1,912 220 2,017 132 34,556 39,585 23,926 4,769 6,163 44.008 42,691 51,652 91,556 12, 198 3,799 3,517 144 89,118 176,199 910 17,319 6,208 13,021 10,928 1,088 12,315 31, 469 1,756 22, 726 520 66,396 500,349 641,996 39,886 3,456 36,685 8,871 117,695 218,965 62,966 47,657 94,254< 1,716,117 ,423, 446 668,810 394,966 101,658 98,875 44,272 \ 4, 104 874, 177 1,900,767 22,977 162, 779 122,961 324, 467 151,730 16,209 174,299 5.5S,!'35 47, 503 173,699 40,434 64,097 478,360 627,815 37,695 3,447 36,282 8,810 109, 485 208,487 53, 188 46,438 90,621 1 1,683,323 414,846 661,983 379,200 95,339 97,722 43,230 3,779 836,911 1,842,729 22,086 166, 176 119,958 312, 575 140,700 16,039 165,997 546,838 46, 113 155,286 39,080 1,208 17,100 746 4,834 113, 532 2,350 35,269 1,662 1,125 90,223 89, 470 633 4,139 2,186 300 1,200 5,900 20,636 345 $6,026 $9,629,207 6,006 20 64,097 478, 360 627,815 37,696 3,447 36, 282 8,810 109.485 208, 487 63, 188 46, 438 90,621 1,683,323 414, 846 661,983 379,200 95, 339 97, 722 43, 230 3,779 830,905 1,842,729 22, 686 156,175 119,958 312, 676 140,700 16,039 165, 977 546, 838 46,113 165,286 39,080 $162,866 1,950 13, 410 7,823 412 268 50 4,682 6,260 3,122 290 2,399 6,015 6,084 7,304 7,164 4,252 675 543 13, 697 34,884 160 3,061 700 3,382 6,472 160 6,256 920 13, 179 328 $30,729 72 795 449 60 3,493 3,291 90 440 225 16, 800 4,730 60 'eio 264 350 10 $52, 517 276 3,640 1,421 106 135 11 1,121 2,718 2,462 793 667 2,736 1,669 1,823 2,272 1,130 428 156 20 3,010 10,307 1,938 358 7,758 816 20 1,038 2,197 170 922 466 $80,011 4,244 4,487 1,672 2,347 1,500 4.204 136 567 19.561 846 4,409 6,239 497 60 118 25 4,759 8,117 87 1,606 1,886 752 3,133 1,008 2,961 300 3,962 660 $24, 336, 925 218, 355 1, 414, 193 1,372,734 99,015 9,244 115.461 19,015 414,086 477,726 170, 589 150,996 322, 601 3,038,016 '1,024,861 1,681,847 943,030 342,113 243, 747 168,964 11,898 2,464,003 5,337,582 83, 273 374, 369 297,231 783, 428 424, 104 51,344 616, 341 1,076, .525 115,785 599,878 83,682 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 390 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 3.— SHIRTS. (See also Furnishing goods, men's; Collars and cuffs.) STATE OE TEEEITOHT. United States California Connecticut Delaware Illinois Indiana. . .^ Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan .* Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Jersey < New York Ohio Peimsylvania Tennessee Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states i Number of estab- lish- ments. 641 25 7 8 36 7 3 4 4 6 36 21 5 5 12 4 32 225 17 140 7 Total. S23,3 1,774 556, 346 526,950 40,625 889, 443 498, 230 37,550 28,512 24,369 209,639 3, 746, 249 938,808 149, 823 34, 175 720, 671 41, 545 810, 378 8,800,015 283,069 4, 154, 272 42,671 248, 813 .67, 210 7,260 50,881 106, 914 366,366 Land. $561, 488 25, 400 660 8,500 2,250 100 1,200 1,500 111,057 51, 498 46, 800 116,000 2,000 161, 533 18,000 6,000 9,000 Buildings. tl, 368, 905 160 61, 400 5,000 48,028 40,000 1,600 3,000 15,000 247, 517 116, 744 10,000 66, 250 342, 907 3,700 307, 872 57, 627 6,200 26,000 Machinery, tools, and implements. $2,889,527 76,254 39, 220 26,900 75, 616 82, 144 3,050 8,339 2,369 44,730 511, 296 127, 133 30, 428 2,675 94, 211 9,453 127, 387 838, 299 48, 724 686, 461 4,505 74, 847 14, 210 2,088 7,150 7,896 45,263 Cash and sun- dries. $18, 669, 864 478,932 400, 930 8,075 767, 400 373, 836 32,900 16, 973 22,000 148, 409 2,876,379 643, 433 119, 396 31, 500 616, 460 32, 092 569, 941 7,602,809 228, 646 3,099,416 38, 166 98, 339 53„000 5,162 43, 731 86, 818 286, 113 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 21 4 7 27 7 3 4 3 4 34 20 5 3 10 4 29 121 12 123 4 i 6 3 3 7 9 Total horse- power. 173 97 101 229 185 15 30 14 68 1,854 620 195 6 171 26 451 2,549 217 2,069 11 255 88 4 21 23 196 Group 3.— SHODDir. (See also Woolen goods; and special report on Wool manufactures.) United States. Connecticut Massachusetts. New Jersey New York Ohio 2 3 4 5 6 7 Pennsylvania 8 Rhode I sland . . ^ . 9 Vermont 10 All other states 2. $6, 804, 164 617, 159 1, 206, 351 541, 103 514, 149 922, 447 1,21(;,336 67, 056 435,384 384, 179 $461,352 27, 975 104, 004 69, 291 19,000 75, 120 115,261 1,000 26, 661 23,050 $971,664 73, 300 241, 986 110, 678 67,019 135,000 222,900 7,600 62, 322 60,850 $1,278,004 66, 972 262, 651 145, 760 135, 340 260, 886 248,001 21,000 30, 896 116, 599 $3,093,254 358, 912 597, 811 215, 374 292, 790 461, 442 630, 184 37,656 325, 506 183, 680 12,445 891 4,108 1,070 1,089 1,175 1,960 133 895 1,124 Group4.— SHOU" CASES. 1 United States California Georgia Illinois Indiana Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Texas Washington Wisconsin All other states *. . . $3,143,094 62, 425 166, 649 398, 279 12,975 15,830 728,086 72,200 338,062 268, 665 15,600 380, 298 104,000 46, 149 14,875 10, 260 609, 962 $223,992 26, 600 16,000 23,200 38, 735 7,000 18,036 20, 821 1,600 18, 600 9,700 1,000 800 1,000 42,200 $486,447 10,000 21,867 67, 159 140, 726 16, 500 24, 546 23,350 3,000 56,000 29, 200 6,000 1,200 1,700 85, 200 S502, 665 6,280 20, 368 37,9l5 3,000 2,896 96, 209 13, 260 48, 212 66, 412 3,800 108,003 16, 805 14, 423 5,050 4,460 65, 463 81,930,100 20,045 108, 314 269,975 9,975 12,935 452, 416 36, 460 247, 268 168,072 7,200 197, 795 48, 296 23, 726 7,825 3,100 327, 109 Group 2.— SILiK A1VI> SIliK GOODS. (See also special report on Silk manufactures.) United States. 2 California 3 Coimecticut Illinois Maryland Massachusetts. New Jersey New York North Carolina. . . Pennsylvania Rhode Island All other states < . 239 123 3 168 624 $109, 656, 621 229, 674 16,675,964 390, 672 421, 129 6,523,041 33, 644, 698 16,761,246 116,864 31,312,386 2,651,653 2,839,304 $3, 330, 596 10,000 288, .300 20,000 9,000 247,000 844,078 629,744 6,300 , 100, 553 136, 200 147, 421 $14, 692, 813 33,574 2, 466, 460 30,000 94, 334 740, 636 3, 294, 250 1,131,097 36, 700 5, 849, 615 372, 799 643, 3.58 $29,347,016 39, 600 2,810,172 120,000 125, 179 827,086 8,821,593 6, 160. 205 53; 574 10,083,814 510,539 799, 264 $62, 180, 196 146, .500 11,105,032 220, 672 192,616 3,708,319 20,684,777 8,940,200 21, 290 14, 278, 404 1,633,115 1,249,271 608 4 43 3 3 16 236 117 3 163 68 180 534 30 27 942 128 234 357 ■133 66 20 57 526 78,888 8,662 175 765 4,471 18,999 7,900 398 31,050 1,745 4,667 Soua^CaroUna.lfTeS™*' distributed as follows: Colorado, 1; District of Columbia, 1; Georgia, 1; Iowa, 1; North Carolina, 2; Oregon, 2; Rhode Island, 2; ! Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 2; Georgia,!; Illinois,!; Maine, 2; Michigan,!; New Hampshire, 1; Tennessee,!; Wisconsin,!. GENERAL TABLES. 391 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continue''. Group 2 SHIKXS. (See also Furnishing ^oods, men's; Collars and cuff's.) Proprie- tors a.nd firm mem- bers. S.VLARIEU OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-E.-IKNEES. Aggregate. Offlcers of corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. 120 Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. .Silliirirs. 903 ; 2,461 $2,037,119 $280,599 2,341 $l,7.i6,520 1,610 SI, 447, 469 731 $309, 051 43, 167 30,,S.-i4 1 2 3 36 , 42 4 ' 22 38,901 48,150 2,756 169,267 55,776 9,626 4,600 4,450 21,855 209,494 87,241 28,860 4,650 72,520 4,600 89,141 726, 161 36,042 351.746 8, 200 12.804 7,256 3 4 6,000 25,000 39 18 7 159 63 8 5 7 32 270 102 24 5 48 2 106 888 31 476 3 9 10 .32,001 23, 150 2,756 143,367 38,876 9,526 3,600 4,450 20,724 203,694 77, 641 26, 250 4,650 50, 060 1,600 68, 641 638, 235 19,942 334, 494 3,900 7,304 7,255 21 18 2 122 33 7' 3 6 18 192 54 20 6 36 2 62 624 24 316 3 6 6 21, 635 23, 150 1,092 127, 164 31, 830 9,084 2,580 3,930 15, 300 170, 768 61, 638 23,300 4, 650 41, 160 1,600 49, 569 628,507 16,952 277, 867 3,900 5,154 5,455 18 11,266 1,401 774 413 1,320 1.481 41 154 58 473 6,022 1,918 314 62 1,423 64 2,824 12, 755 697 9,272 110 906 178 36 74 124 274 912 474 11 36 3 2 i 3 7 68 35 4 6 3 3 54 324 18 236 8 7 171 56 8 7 7 34 272 106 25 5 56 4 117 926 3? 486 6 6 37 20 1 2 1 14 78 48 4 1,664 16, 203 7,046 442 1,020 520 5,424 32, 826 26, 103 1,960 240 889 1,027 20 133 55 416 4,466 1,047 183 37 1,050 29 2,039 8,718 811 7,321 03 484 141 18 30 89 162 ^ 12 3 25,900 16,900 5 6 7 2 1,000 8 q 2 4 1 1,131 6,900 9,600 3,600 10 11 12 13 H 8 2 11 38 10 3 2 22, 460 3,000 20,500 87,926 16,100 17,252 4,300 6,600 12 8,900 15 16 44 264 7 160 19,072 109, 728 2,990 66, 627 17 18 19 20 ''1 11 10 3 4 2,150 1,800 10 4 6 14 9^ ■>'! 12 , 7,616 7 1 5.600 1 1,000 11 7 21 6,616 6,600 22, 388 8 5 17- 5,636 6,100 20,648 3 2 4 1,080 500 1,740 25 ''6 26 29,918 5 7,530 27 Qroup 2.— SHODDT^. (See also Woolen goods; and special report on Wool manufactures.) Oronp 4 SHOW OASES. Group 2.— SIliK AND SILK GOODS. (See also special report on Silk manufactures.) 110 172 8245.403 44 $102,724 128 $142,679 119 $139, 146 9 $3, 534 2,578 1,758 1 7 29 2 10 3 35 8 5 11 14 47 16 18 21 34 16, 324 68,875 . 26, 600 20,908 37,088 42,792 3 14 4 4 7 4 3,900 28,674 11, 300 5,750 19, 000 15,000 11 33 12 14 14 30 12, 424 40,301 15, 300 15, 158 18,088 27,792 11 30' 11 13 12 29 12, 424 39, 155 14,900 14,6.58 17, 200 27, 492 146 584 297 264 615 421 46 146 160 103 337 178 188 372 309 42 96 133 9 I 1 2 1 1,146 400 500 888 300 3 4 5 6 7 H 9 13 9,676 23,240 9 5 9,676 4,040 8 5 9,276 4,040 1 300 q 8 19,200 10 136 305 $329,786 70 $101,, 630 235 I $228,256 ! 179 8202.429 66 S25.827 '' 3,623 ! 2.571 1 1 9 10 2 : 1,260 1 18 1 25, .300 42 ' 44,238 3 : 3,016 , 2 12 33 3 1,260 14, 600 31,870 3,016 2 9 25 3 1,260 13,200 28,387 3,016 62 218 483 26 29 699 142 319 387 32 494 110 69 38 20 31 2 17 5 8 8 6 3 20 7 7 8 8 5 6 15 6 9 16,866 12, 368 3 8 1,300 1 3,483 1 171 3 398 4 20 6 66 1 84,087 6 1 4, .500 ' 31 30,069 28 ' 29,386 2 1,500 73 74,040 5 , 3,790 1 1,200 ii'*} 20,570 65 6 23 17 2 56 3 1 63, 617 4,600 17, 159 15, 836 1,500 53,040 3,306 1,200 36 6 19 13 2 42 3 1 56,381 ■ 3,780 15, 285 13,7.58 1,600 46,392 3,306 1,200 19 1 4 4 8,136 720 1,874 2,078 607 7 64 8 8 1 12,900 11 ' 13,550 206 9 237 10 17 i 21,066 2 484 14 6,648 375 93 40 ■ 16 8 368 12 13 15 16 28 1 27, 410 i 6 ] 9,858 22 17,552 19 16,964 3 1,588 496 17 525 ' 4,027 $4, 742, 270 360 $1, 109, 957 3)66' S3, 632, 313 3,129 S3, 358, 608 538 S273. 645 90,717 68, 369 1 2 38 1 10 327 25 13 126 1,278 i 960 1 7 1.192 31 58 1 11,924 479, 213 31,342 8,975 142, 176 1,. 5.55, 662 1, 103, 792 4,880 1,300,068 41,264 62,984 2 26 2 5 16 101 81 2,600 97,860 3,000 3,180 38,560 367,550 301, 432 8 301 23 8 110 1, 177 879 7 1,076 27 51 9,324 381,353 28, 342 5,795 103,616 1,188,112 802,360 4,880 1,034,853 24, 194 49, 484 7 264 19 7 85 1,061 714 7 900 19 46 8,674 ,361,561 25, 862 5,513 91, 332 1,123,962 714,997 4,880 953, 488 21,080 47, 319 1 37 4 1 26 116 165 660 19,792 2,480 282 12, 284 64, 150 87, 363 161 8,771 612 266 3,515 29,284 13,081 532 30,661 1,399 2,646 120 6,959 374 162 2,622 21,9.35 9,528 504 22,996 1,179 1,970 2 3 4 5 10 227 105 6 133 4 6 7 8 q 116 4 7 265, 215 17,060 13,500 176 8 5 81, 365 3,114 2,166 10 11 12 3 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 2; Connecticut, 1; Iowa, 1; Kansas, 1; Kentuelty, 1; Louisiana, 2; Maine, 2; Maryland, 2; North lakota, 1: Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 1; Tennessee, 1. < Includes establishments distributed as follows: Delaware, 2; Maine. 1; Michigan, 2; New Hampshire, 2; Ohio, 2; Virginia, 3. 392 MANUFACTURES. Qronp 2.— SHIKTS— Continued. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY STATE OB TEKRITOKY. United States. California. .. Connecticut. Delaware. , . Illinois Indiana..... Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Mjiine Maryland Massachusetts. Micbdgan Minnesota Missouri 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 16 Nebraska. 17 New Jersey. 18 New York. 19 Ohio. 20 21 22 23 24 26 26 27 Pennsylvania.. . Tennessee Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia... Wisconsin All other states. WAGE-EAENEKS AND WAGES. Total. Average number. 36, ■ 1,134 656 286 1,072 1,226 31 146 56 440 5,178 1,300 260 44 1,217 62 2,471 10,816 629 8,108 90 702 162 112 218 Wages. 511,233,392 451,208 227,841 46, 981 416,887 280, 136 10,129 40, 246 12,964 137,227 1,318,756 517,438 83,971 18, 426 357,761 17,831 804, 174 3,715,039 179,0,62 2,248,063 22,290 183,779 36,611 9,735 11,919 32, 679 63, 351 Men 16 years and over. Average number. 136 77 11 168 185 2 24 1 67 1,107 201 64 7 90 1,278 4 76 23 Wages. $3, 606, 693 101,532 45,801 3,849 91,646 ■ 64,130 1,904 -9,313 300 40, 650 439, 323 118, 126 29,9.56 6,696 60, 082 4,030 250,716 1,439,806 25,077 716,444 1,921 22, 450 10,874 1,110 6,714 14, 644 Women 16 years and over. Average number. 28,268 991 662 271 28 116 51 373 3,667 1,085 206 37 1,102 47 1,948 7,746 678 6,372 86 623 117 23 79 98 178 Wages. 87,654,; 348,247 179, 370 42, 689 319,868 209, 730 8,095 30, 307 12,100 96, 577 833, 992 397,273 54,015 12, 730 293,889 13,801 545,212 2,260,194 153, 599 1, 453, 105 20, 369 160, 924 24, 442 8,026 11,719 26,616 38,101 Children under 16 years. Average number. 1,190 404 14 25 Wages. S172,3U 1,429 2,670 543 4,373 6,276 130 625 564 45, 441 2,040 3,190 8,246 15,039 376 78.514 406 1,196 200 450 606 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. $6,451,006 72,022 61,675 6,818 172,492 63, 725 3,485 4,567 2,808 23,630 689,066 107,168 18,884 8,424 54,358 12, 142 371,664 3,902,000 67,246 699,076 14,210 23, 467 24,096 2,036 5,525 60,890 79,753 Rent of works. $594, 663 28, 030 5,840 1,685 46, 574 5,365 718 2,100 1,336 4,624 79, 008 10. 522 2.460 1.306 23, 799 1,500 28,472 242,187 9,653 84,931 2,932 1,310 2,075 1,050 1,320 1,086 4,895 Taxes, not including internal revenue. $66, 077 2,122 1,305 96 4,747 2,865 177 179 490 1,232 9,647 0,077 918 125 1,601 27 3,944 7,596 1,005 7,542 103 834 271 41 275 228 1,131 Group 3.— SHODD'V— Continued. 1 2 United States 2.089 $834,822 1,625 $723, 640 458 8110,242 6 $1,040 8461,527 $23,955 $29, 625 Connecticut 124 444 223 196 426 360 43 123 151 66,167 189,608 87,134 79,558 168, .352 142,188 19,752 49,146 53, 927 117 379 183 166 268 274 42 86 110 63, 021 173,467 76,988 72. 196 121,479 120, 772 19,544 38,722 47, 362 7 62 40 29 168 83 1 37 41 2,136 16,683 10,146 7,363 36, 873 20,844 208 10,424 0,666 20,753 123,506 38,043 47,607 90, 124 74,880 9,165 32,445 19,014 1,808 8,483 2,023 701 8,221 4,266 282 1,844 1,997 Massachusetts 3 468 6,225 4 New Jersey 6 New York 4,990 6 Ohio 7 Pennsylvania ' 572 6,470 2,260 8 Rhode Island 9 10 All other states 5,010 Group 4 SHOW CASES.-Coirtinueil. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 United States California 3,082 81,681,071 3,016 81,666,145 30 $9,930 36 J5,_n96 $494,660 $87,220 819,705 37 189 439 21 24 617 112 260 310 24 438 97 51 23 12 428 34,054 58,700 251,912 14,028 18,878 313,628 70,970 150,722 177, 763 8,6.5U 228.488 66,016 .35. 101 19,480 7,864 224.817 37 189 433 • 21 24 607 112 262 298 24 418 96 49 23 12 421 34,054 58,700 260,658 14,028 18,878 309,888 70,970 149,922 173,913 8,650 223, 938 65,756 34,776 19, 4.'-0 6,013 28,114 80,2.56 5, 561 6,628 142,449 7,. 534 48, 126 46, 657 1,212 44, 672 11,592 8,834 2,311 642 65,049 2,010 870 14,176 1,55S 3,180 2,332 3,360 8,600 24,137 320 11,060 4,639 2,640 1,266 228 0,844 219 1.594 2,065 157 92 5,192 646 1,142 982 107 3,481 476 303 94 45 3,110 Georgia 1 480 5 f 774 Indiana ! 6 2,700 4 1,040 8 800 New York 12 3,850 .\ortli Carolina 1'' Ohio li 2,900 9 1 2 1,650 260 326 13 14 Texas 15 Washington Wisconsin 7..sii4 223,670 17 7 1,147 Group 2 — SIL.K AND SIL,K GOOUS— Continued. 1 I. nited States 2 California 3 Connecticut 4 Illinois 5 Maryland 6 : Massachusetts 7 ; X''w .lerscy 8 New \'ork 9 j .Vorth ("aj-olina 10 Pennsylvania 11 Rhode Island 12 All other 'states 70, 601 136 7,792 524 175 3,261 25. 481 1 1 , 283 515 2Ci,915 1 , 291 2,228 3,124 136, 47, 1,162, 9..S92, 4,267, 70, 6,972, 479, 570, 27,037 j .512.787,322 1 45,198 812,869,166 20 3,306 50 60 1,042 11,361 3,664 168 6,318 4.36 622 11, 1,681, 29, 18, 491, 5, 466, 1,991 31 2,. 588; 225, 261 31,029 4,187 1,379,011 436 98,254 88 26, 333 2,012 623, 401 12,947 4,228,307 7,211 2,205,611 273 31,H.S 15,863 3.738,288 699 216,298 1,374 281 , 466 299 38 37 207 1,173 408 74 4,734 156 2.32 $1,121,465 1,360 63, 450 8,057 2,763 47, 544 198, 334 70,744 7,458 646, 623 38,613 37,619 814,062,777 8702, 550 ' $337, 784 7,093 969, 668 36, 444 40,267 613,096 6,015.201 2,614,112 8,130 3,472,624 116.294 2.30. 8,58 1,470 29,697 '. 6,900 i 360 i 14,993 285, 427 245,977 'i68,'926 8,620 1,280 363 68,635 1,544 1,168 36,268 112,423 27,711 466 70, 365 10,392 18, 4,'>9 GENERAL TABLES. 393 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.'>-Continued. Group 2.— SHIRTS— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. roST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of product.^, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of 'offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggreg.itp. Principal materials. Fuel. Bent; of power and heat. A.ill snp- plios. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purcfiased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). S2, 764. 939 $3,036,327 S25. 639. 402 $25,148,895 $25,148,895 $195,372 $87,956 $56, 060 $150,519 $50,971,105 1 32,858 32, 130 4,773 120, 646 55,505 2,590 2.288 983 17.874 278. 603 89,709 12, 516 6,743 28,958 10, 615 153,577 1,315,631 51,037 436,780 •11.175 21.323 21.600 939 3,930 11.076 41,080 9,012 22.300 265 525 75S.300 456. 369 32,788 835, 600 833,627 17, 401 79,398 35, 198 163,052 3,413,459 853, 457 192,213 24, 577 738,925 29,924 1,362,335 9, 975, 425 475, 301 4,777,464 44,871 64,328 67,531 5,332 92,425 69,366 240,736 742. 363 442. 187 742, 363 442, 187 30,235 809,875 810, 908 17,222 76,918 34,671 154,961 3,361,065 830, 463 188. 329 24.065 719,753 28, 765 1,335,363 9,824,047 468, 328 4,682,636 43, 680 60,352 63, 446 5,136 91,610 66,117 236, 400 1,850 8,088 1,601 10, 961 8,045 111 1,660 180 1,690 28, 497 9,001 2,680 65 4,082 784 12, 676 57,372 1,907 39,848 64 1,933 770 12 50 497 1,048 6,847 82 400 7,494 2, 179 50 475 204 1,947 2,031 1,642 422 194 7,095 314 5,193 26,353 2,430 18,111 607 500 1,150 181 480 929 646 430 4,850 152 920 744 18 345 23 304 16, 106 1,428 107 28 921 36 2,080 17,098 310 8,209 10 754 1,365 3 135 17 261 6,810 1,156 400 6,350 11,751 1.610,342 927,147 106, 097 1,798,644 1,370,241 55,503 154,242 73,907 386, 159 5,998,249 1,884,905 364,395 74, 135 1,456,454 68, 245 3.042,217 20,241.670 849,471 9,051,758 107, 500 288, 006 188,245 21,066 123,829 183, .383 539. 295 2 3 30,235 809,875 810, 908 17.2-:2 76.918 4 5 6 7 100 120 4,150 5,760 10,923 675 225 7,074 25 7,023 60,555 2,326 28,660 510 789 800 8 34,671 154, 961 3,361,065 830, 463 188, 329 24,065 719,753 28,765 1,335,363 9,824,047 468,328 4, 682, 636 43,680 60,352 63, 446 5,136 91,610 66,117 236, 400 9 10 221.898 250 3.000 250 11 12 13 14 1,5 16 185,571 2,336,586 5,550 169.823 iso" 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 24 150 1,806 2,381 25 48,500 32, 647 '6 27 Oroup 3.—SHODDV— Continued. $401,702 $6,245 $6,055,731 $5,788,249 $147, 412 $5,640,837 $149,144 $26,893 $29,798 $61,647 $8, 406, 425 1 24,945 1 362, 497 1,249,985 563,386 496.690 948. 155 1,713,379 60, 097 463,567 197,975 337,886 1,172,997 545, 582 472,687 901,264 1,675,201 52, 244 441,408 188,980, 337,886 1,155,619 543,068 405, 157 861,704 1,656,201 52, 244 441, 408 187,550 10,366 39,823 13, 484 13, 163 28,166 24,114 558 12,315 7,155 1,421 11,745 807 2,929 2,949 6,778 ■1,584 745 840 12,824 18, 326 3,513 6,311 15,776 1,936 2,711 150 100 468, 445 1.814.944 866. 268 701.954 1,239,267 2,204,279 113,433 639, 865 357,970 ?, 107.548 36.020 '.. 1,250 17,378 2,514 67,530 39,560 19,000 7,094 3 4 41 916 1,600 5 81.903 .. 62. 644 4.118 30, 601 . . 2.500 2.495 6 5, 350 3.000 8.949 900 7 8 9 12, 007 1,439 10 Group 4.— SHOW CASES -Continued. $382,069 -- - $5,656 $2,374,097 $2,264,787 : $2,254,787 $44, 447 $19, 678 $16,418 $38,767 $5,721,724 1 2,-?84 25,650 63,665 1.326 2, .356 134, 925 3,528 38,384 21,208 785 30, 131 6,287 5,891 951 369 43,829 45, 453 96,050 359, 371 16,719 25, 189 502,202 119,990 206,895 234, 270 15, 877 313,906 59,805 43, 147 19,058 5,249 310,916 44,577 92,500 342,190 1 16,044 24,386 465,684 1 114,072 1 197,038 224, 686 44, 577 92, 500 342, 190 16,044, 24,386- 465, 684 114,072 197,038 224, 686 14, 720 301,459 57,676 39, 308 17,960 4,825 297,771 390 1,200 7,126 348 316 1,300 2,242 143 1,050 599 12 50 8,877 250 665 495 65 910 109 75 52 30 3,036 27 104,838 285, 000 847, 857 48, 750 62, 740 ■' 3 3.50 2,520 1,000 7,214 315 4 5 753 47 1,160 1,916 4,923 6 12,644 3,368 4,483 3, 446 472 5,304 1,088 490 331 - 234 3,523 14,950 1,150 2,793 720 620 4,393 282 2, 614 350 1,165,017 7 208, 664 545,819 595,720 34,750 748, 519 170,995 95, 501 52,950 18, 290 736,314 8 9 330 10 14,720 301,450 57,576 39,308 17,960 4,825 297,771 11 1,849 7.50 660 365 160 3,247 12 190 13 14 15 16 1,266 3,339 17 Group 2 — SILiK AND SIliK GOOBS— Continued. $6, 152, 857 $6,859,586 $75,861,188 $73,883,906 $45,318,416 $28,565,490 $862,220 $268, 336 $608,585 $238,141. $133,288,072 1 5,260 631,766 26, 100 27,090 230, 481 2,086,272 1,472,738 6,664 1,563,090 34,638 168,758 217,068 9,098,196 486,015 171,343 4,156,919 22,339,447 10, 490, 474 129,009 24.267,122 1,695,950 2,809,645 214,562 8, 926, 594 481, 454 167,379 4,076,840 21,651,133 10,220,468 121, 108 23,630,905 1,649,198 2.744,265 184,171 5,067,381 201,560 60,183 2.944,279 13,920,194 3,934,433 120,000 15,419,221 1, 179, 447 2,287,547 30,391 3,859,213 279,894 107, 196 1,132,561 7,730,939 6,286.035 1,108 8,211,684 469,751 456,718 1,728 121,266 1,959 2,484 42, 942 252,716 108,362 2,616 285,415, 12,788 29,945 430 7,795 500 200 2,030 151,679 59,549 654 31,816 7,553 6,130 333 17,640 802 1,030 16, 586 228. 670 ,82,377 900 221,270 20,752 18,225 15 24,901 1,300 260 18, 521 55, 250 19,718 3,731 97,716 5,659 11,080 351,949 15,623,693 735, 242 272,995 7,012,062 42,862,907 20,181,212 229,927 39, 333, 520 2,555,986 4,128,579 ?. 349, 660 1,900 11,649 231,364 3,561,079 867,686 1,000 1,730,243 62,644 42,361 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 394 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Qronp 10 — SILVERSIMITHING'AND SILVERWARE. (See also Plated irare.i STATE OR TERRITORY. Numlier of estab- lish- ments- CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, apd implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 98 S23,901,545 1400,648 $3,074,194 $6,100,463 $16,320,240 96 8,010 2 3 i 5 6 7 8 Maryland 6 21 22 28 4 10 7 307,042 4, 423, 839 2,729,203 4,088,790 105,004 8, 582, 489 3, 665, 178 7,276 298, 597 607, 246 366, 079 79, 864 587,844 625, 803 1, 267, 588 31,500 1,292,004 1,221,860 219,902 3, 496, 881 1,673,328 2,389,123 73, 504 5,507,744 2,000,758 6 20 22 27 4 10 7 166 1,826 1,995 1, 469 40 1,308 1,207 Massachusetts 41,517 22, 826 76,000 New York. . Pennsylvania Rhode Island 182,519 77, 786 1,640,222 364, 774 All other states' Group 1. -SL.AIIOHTERING AND MEAT PACKING, W£IOL.ESAL,E. (See also L,ard, refined; Sausage; Slaughtering, whole- sale, not Including meat packing; and special report on Slaughtering and meat packing.) 10 11. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 United States. California Colorado Delaware District of Columbia Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa ■- Kansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Texas Utah .» Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states -. . . . 559 $219, 818, 627 3, 476, 730 971, 874 142, 977 280, 100 219, 800 92, 657 80,062,108 7, 114, 431 7,208,199 24, 988, 794 1,460,264 1, 262, 102 11,131,419 1,262,767 3, 280, 383 16,347,439 20, 692, 642 1, 458, 400 7, 682, 740 0, 068, 069 974, 727 7, 286, 060 523, 142 379, 420 6,374,743 147, 064 683, 332 2,283,644 477,646 4, 689, 064 926, 430 $13, 427, 171 694, 881 24, 900 13,000 125, 500 39,000 11,846 3,941,072 300, 768 139,000 1, 142, 192 42, 048 62, 263 941,200 103,050 178, 670 618, 664 828, 410 241, 100 968, 833 732, 572 191,817 578, 628 25, 800 70, 660 724, 550 10, 000 43, 100 318, 905 30,025 364, 437 130, 600 $38, 370, 740 754, 081 236, 560 54,000 51,000 27,000 23, 640 12, 399. 232 1,451,042 1,798,008 4, 366, 142 143, 876 213,371 2,099,467 208, 816 529, 865 2, 678, 690 3, 491, 401 422, 308 1, 126, 076 1,188,993 168, 198 1,698,017 60,940 105, 160 1, 819, 704 S, 200 91,750 249, 760 64, 339 607, 425 433,«99 $27, 770, 453 373,937 84, 100 17, 100 17, 100 52, 800 10, 500 9, 419, 3.38 983. 593 881,113 3, 269, 031 221,300 148, 230 1, 179, 263 104,9:0 632, 075 1,846,636 2,737,706 256, 969 957,009 870, 154 176, 429 941,836 44, 596 166, 660 1,513,587 9,800 130, 485 158, 643 44, 500 479, 477 141,340 $140, 250,263 1,762,831 626, 314 68, 877 86, 500 101,000 46,671 54,292,526 4,379,028 4,390,078 16,211,429 1,043,040 838, 248 6,911,499 835,951 2,039,873 11,403,449 13, 535, 026 638,023 4, 640, 822 3,276,360 438, 283 4, 167, 679 391,806 37,070 2,316,902 119, 664 417,997 1,656,336 338, 782 3,237,725 220, 585 142, 591 1,779 758 160 113 344 22 58, 175 4,847 4,820 18, 907 977 1,126 2,916 969 1,581 9,534 9,021 533 3,116 4,023 372 6,820 242 856 5,355 25 720 663 701 2,340 877 Group 1.— Sl,AUGHTERING, WHOLESALE, NOT INCLUDING MEAT PACKING. (See also Slaughtering and meat packln 370 $1,692,986 1, 359, 848 13.-., 247 425, 100 243, 575 89, 160 343, .536 14,035 281,680 23,531 1,623,616 96,370 ' 141,150 78,460 877,077 9.550,115 58.389 289,066 775, 190 1,490,919 187, 000 11,000 200 39, 926 17,941 24, 100 1,450 19, 000 98, 361 8,200 25, 600 5,000 86, 300 719, 404 17,000 62, 100 62, 850 308, 655 83,641,657 249,616 26, 600 94, 300 57, 600 33, 600 99, 004 4, 8.50 88, 216 0, 300 412, 390 22, 300 48, 100 12, 500 173, 800 1,649,252 7,250 90, 150 123, 800 542, 109 810,339,446 10,377 72, 893 32,000 39, 600 51, 150 8,355 106, 821 1,085 17, 295 1,625 206,347 14, 150 17, 300 24, 400 74,900 1,129,525 11.139 39, 545 79, 505 294, 359 850, 339 65,747 291,000 94,900 29,264 113,611 6.660 157, 169 15, 606 906,517 51,720 60, 150 36, 560 543,077 i, 161,934 23,000 97,271 609,035 345, 896 295 130 360 122 76 4 332 3 272 3 85 3 62 6 97 7 348 17 3 4,484 98 11 14 10 345 726 2,402 Group 10.-SMELTING AND REFINING, COPPER. (See also special report on Smelting and relinlng, copper.) United States. .Vrizona Crtiifornia . Michigan .\'c\\' Jer.scv. .. Utah ".... .\11 other sfatr S76,,S24,640 9,340,839 946, 000 2,378,315 7,892,904 3,584,788 62,681,794 $2, 776, 114 420,000 7,000 268, 727 386, 250 107, 478 1,596,669 $18,962,966 1,762,286 141,000 399, 000 1,522,810 1, 287, 679 13; 8.50, 191 S15,.H15, 148 2, 490, 117 183,000 1,304,041 3,621,940 1,208,372 7, 107, 678 $39, 270, 413 4, 668, 437 615, 000 416,547 2, 461, 904 981, 259 30, 127, 266 37 85,828 20,245 2,714 546 5,675 3,173 53, 575 1 Includes establishments distributed a.s follows: Colorado, 2; Connecticut, -Includes establishments distributed as follows; Alabama, 1; Connecticut, 2, Louisiana, 1; New Hampshire, 1; Ohio 1 2, Maine, 2, Montana, 1; Nevada, 1; Oklah< Oklahoma, 1; Vennont, 1; Wyoming, 1. GENERAL TABLE8. 395 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. (iroiip 10.— SILVERSM1THIN« AN1> SILVEKIVAKE. (Sec also E'lated ware. Proprie- tors and firm iiiem- 99 SALAI iiED orrit I.VLS, ri.EIlKS, ETL'. 1 [■l(.Tl 3 2 4 5 1 Group 10.— SMELTING AND REFINING, NOT FROM THE ORE. 57 225 $334,182 34 $92,357 191 $261,825 170 $250,966 21 $10,859 2,147 1,218 1 3 7 13 2 17 8 1 i.ono 1 8 96 37 4 41 4 1,000 10,790 116,805 75,897 3,008 49,805 4,520 1 7 92 30 1 35 4 1,000 10,390 114,551 71,725 2,000 46,780 4,520 ' 11 331 1,242 210 21 300 32 11 161 664 1.58 18 185 21 •> 21 104 41 4 50 4 41,990 142,205 84,354 3,008 77,105 4,520 13 8 4 31,200 25,400 8,457 1 4 7 3 6 400 2,254 • 4,172 1,008 3,026 3 4 5 6 9 27,300 7 Group S.— SOAP. (See also Candles; Grease and tallovp; and special report on CUemicals.) 399 3,058 $3,502,572 260 $679,069 2,798 $2,823,503 1,897 $2,454,820 901 $368,683 12,909 9,312 1 35 4 15 3 24 64 10 42 8 568 86,948 15, 364 73,472 6,663 640,273 7 1 8 4 23 12,180 3,600 41,250 3,663 55,120 57 9 34 4 546 74,768 11,764 32,222 2,990 686, 153 56 6 17 4 419 73, 208 10,118 21,361 2,990 518,327 . 2 3 17 1,560 1,646 10,871 252 32 263 22 2,254 197 24 169 6 1,341 2 3 4 5 126 66,826 6 11 4 4 4 2 33 as 63 10 12 35,133 42,326 89,226 15,728 12,696 12 8 4 4 5 16,390 14, 440 16,800 9,400 6,800 21 27 59 6 18,743 27,886 72,426 6,328 6,896 12 22 51 6 7 14,136 25,955 68,901 5,688 5,896 9 6 8 1 4,607 1,931 3,526 640 234 161 274 89 50 184 123 196 60 43 7 8 9 10 11 4 •1 43 6 3 6 74 607 153 63 4 12 92 138 41 23 20,976 183,671 41,530 37,633 8 15 7 5 11,600 .54,666 9,650 17,200 i4 123 • 34 18 9,376 129,006 31,880 20,433 ii 103 25 18 8,620 116,441 27,124 20,433 3 20 9 766 12,564 4,756 70 366 109 40 13 14 15 16 8 ■ 1 8 69 150 17 • 206,092 26,260 11 1 28,720 3,000 139 16 177,372 23,260 129 12 172,038 21,100 10 4 6,334 2,160 622 135 8 783 2,868 445 104 5 536 2,087 17 18 10 148 816 120, 430 697,122 10 36 22,363 157,741 138 780 98,067 539,381 81 330 70,066 387,041 67 450 28,001 162,340 20 21 21 3 71 10 V 4 528 6 205 20 38 743,406 8,918 263,442 31,279 38,810 44 2 14 5 6 96,652 3,600 34,224 13,650 7,150 484 4 191 15 32 646,754 5,318 219,218 17,629 31,660 365 3 142 13 30 597,236 4,638 202,211 16,637 30,700 119 1 49 2 2 49,519 780 ■ 17,007 . 1,092 960 1,913 25 1,365 211 124 1,633 21 1,056 150 86 22 23 24 25 26 7 4 6 5 38 12 7,320 4,335 52,149 11,380 3 2 9 6 3,600 2,550 27,900 5,160 3 3 29 6 3,720 1,785 24,249 6,220 2 2 27 6 3,000 1,575 23,371 6,220 1 1 2 720 210 878 42 30 211 59 29 18 165 46 27 28 29 SO Group 14.— SODA WATER APPARATUS. 27 2 18 1 6 333 $296,703 29 $83,726 304 $211,977 218 $169,289 86 $42,688 2,037 976 1 143 32 7 151 138,777 26,529 9,270 121,127 13 1 3 12 42,400 5,000 5,600 30,726 130 31 4 139 96,377 21,629 3,670 90,401 95 25 4 94 74,673 19,356 3,670 71,690 35 6 21,804 2,173 923 296 44 774 476 107 35 368 2 3 45 18,711 5 < Includes establishments distributed as follows: Delaware, 1; District of Columbia, 1; Mississippi, 1; Montana, 1; Nevada, 1; Oklahoma, 1; South Carolina, 1; Utah, 1; Vermont, 2: Virginia, 1. ^Includes establishments distributed as follows: Indiana, 2; Massachusetts, 4; Missouri, 1; New Jersey, 1; Pennsylvania, 2; Texas, 1. 400 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 10,— SMEIiTING AND REFINING, I.EAI>— Continued, . STATE OK TEKEITOEY. WAGE-EAKNERS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. . 'life.-. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United states 7,573 $5,374,691 7,566 So, .371, 031 7 S3. 660 $897,876 $1,200 $115,030 9 489 7,084 275, 912 5,098,779 489 7,077 275, 912 5,095,119 64, 486 833,390 6,601 108, 429 3 All ottier states 7 3. 660 1,200 Group 10 SMEliTING AND KEFINING, «INC— Continued. 1 United States Illinois 6,528 1,643 2,507 364 2,014 $3,856,466 883,604 1,569,533 233,590 1,169,839 6,506 i •53,851,120 2 $624 20 $4, 722 $1,326,621 $3,600 $66,172 1,628 i 2,507 364 2,007 879,627 1,569,533 233,590 1,168,370 15 3,877 102, 947 412,310 25,560 785,804 15, 347 28,974 2,601 18,250 3 4 Missouri. 3,600 5 2 624 5 845 Group 10.— SKIE1,TING AND REFINING, NOT FROm THE ORE— Continued. 1 United States Connecticut 1,712, $994,951 1,706 $990,768 6 $4, 183 $1, 222, 424 $28,231 $17,615 ? 11 250 993 176 19 240 23 7,223 125, 405 587,036 100,894 11,200 150, 461 12,732 U I 250 ! 989 ! 176 ; 19 i 239 22 7,223 125, 405 683,625 100,894 11,200 3,412 71,322 991, 399 106, 938 4,873 39, 824 4,656 1,160 5,940 1,300 14,240 ■ 1,440 3,371 780 172 2,192 9,632 3,182 200 1,905 332 3 Illinois 4 New .Jersey 4 3,411 5 6 Ohio 7 160,001 i' 460 312 S All other states 12, 420 1 Group 8.— SOAP— Continued. United States. California... Colorado Connecticut. Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentuclcy Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts . Michigan •Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire- New Jersey New York". Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania. Rhode Island - Tennessee . . . . . Texas Washington... Wisconsin. 30 All other states. . . 11,044 220 27 203 17 1.905 200 137 226 74 4 72 465 131 50 648 122 6 619 2,402 1.774 24 1,184 192 110 35 22 187 61 84,762,676 134,957 15, 807 95, 768 4,817 886,761 70, 933 61,789 106, 185 32,989 22,080 2,613 22,319 204, 768 54, 970 17, 675 237,002 48, 791 2,146 286, 661 1,043,411 680, 503 10, 320 499, 448 69, 106 29, 269 15, 946 13, 476 72, 663 19, 704 7,512 187 21 141 15 ,178 96 102 151 56 4 63 342 93 26 ■ 353 79 6 481 1,683 1,140 24 788 131 87 30 17 128 43 $3,848,857 122,063 13, 867 74,425 4,577 649, 932 48, 474 63, 239 89, 661 27,868 22, 080 2,613 20, 239 182, 538 47, 216 12, 039 190, 405 37,296 2,146 241, 164 874, 537 546, 221 10, 320 390, 946 65,560 24, 194 14,666 11,976 60,384 18, 323 31 6 67 2 687 95 35 67 16 99 34 24 193 43 84 660 620 323 20 23 3 5 56 5 $847,. 348 12,244 1,940 20, 146 240 229,071 20, 563 8,550 14,886 4,861 2,080 20, 434 6,938 5,536 46, 233 11, 496 29, 552 155, 883 132,042 98, 868 5,646 5,076 1,000 1,500 11,772 335 $66, 471 Group 14.— SODA WATER APPARATUS- Continued. 650 'i'.m 7,768 1,896 1,638 260 1,796 816 304 15,845 12,991 2,240 1,634 1,000 390 '567' $10, 226, 146 104, 681 27, 457 242, 122 3, 8.52 2, 186, 1)47 97,080 130,760 209, 635 27, 914 7,016 1,298 46, 247 435, 852 104, 440 37,370 375, 763 166, 769 1,312 1,039,635 2,257,626 1,370,842 12,396 1,114,348 114,633 36,386 14,291 9,580 48, 394 12,811 $185, 620 7,170 1,732 745 180 21, 481 2,730 3,400 72 560 3,990 5,148 3,820 240 1,539 10 5,265 86,260 14, 327 1,260 14,786 1,700 1,872 132 6,871 330 $227, 810 5,344 1,194 3,386 363 30,234 3,136 2,006 4,315 2,436 537 257 841 18, 102 4,868 1,343 7,242 628 65 10,800 48,634 60,075 390 12, 102 2,316 2,834 375 2,069 1,271 1 United States 1,469 $834,705 1,354 $800,935 111 $33,051 4 $719 $377,770 $101,064 $10,625 668 213 .39 549 371,922 132,713 27, 1.36 302,934 596 209 39 510 354, 241 131, 485 27,136 288,073 71 4 17,506 1,228 1 175 163,028 51,939 11,475 151,328 41,385 17,320 900 41,449 5,322 1,505 525 3,273 3 New York 4 ^ All other states 36 14,317 3 644 GENERAL TABLES. 401 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 10.— SMELTING AND REFINING, liEAD— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATEKIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and - heat. 827,366 Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured lorm (includ- ing ' ' all other materials"). S743,712 837,934 $168,968,076 $164,834,058 $61,335,302 $103,498,756 $3,792,269 $98,398 $205,985 $186,826,839 1 46,951 696,761 10,934 27,000 4,683,846 164,274,230 4,473,821 160,360,237 4,427,656 56,907,647 46,166 103,462,590 162, 188 3,630,081 27,366" 21,394 77,004 26,443 179,542 5,473,686 180,363,253 2 Group 10.— SMEIiTING AND REFINING, ZINC— Continued. $1,261,369 56,499 $17,028,418 $14,863,067 $13,729,856 $1,123,201 $1,666,281 $137,826 $371,254 $24,791,299 1 87,600 378,793 17,412 767,554 3,900,058 8,448,549 1,154,366 3,525,445 3,319,313 7,739,081 982,382 2,812,281 3,262,195 7,183,883 959,486 2,524,293 57,118 555, 198 22,897 487,988 477,223 507,930 144,886 536,242 8,089 28,456 24,359 76,922 96,433 173,082 2,739 100,000 5,425,636 10,999,468 1,624,480 6,741,715 ■> 4,543 1,947 1 4 >i Group 10.— SmBl.TING AND REFINING, NOT FROM THE ORE— Continued. 81,176,578 $13,759,805 ' $13,274,608 $299,059 $12,975,549 $439,296 $3,943 $26,960 $14,998 $17,402,987 1 2,080 63, 190 980,467 89,516 3,233 34,548 3,544 81,284 1,586,143 4,842,277 4,715,613 85,096 2,280,060 169,343 78,180 1,516,410 4,515,760 4,686,086 80, 150 2,233,414 164,608 1,600 76,680 1,516,410 4,328,267 4,684,136 80, 150 2,125,308 164,608 2,270 62,330 301,609 26,493 1,970 41,221 3,403, 64 5,098 16,690 1,466 325 3,022 305 770 1,800 7,732 106,465 1,976,064 7,034,139 5,179,534 125,500 2,764,692 226,713 ? 606 486 1,578 1,150 224 S 187,603 1,950 4 5 1,500 2,169 1,027 6 108, 106 7 S Group 8.— SOAP— Continued. 784,212 $28,504 92, 167 24,431 237,991 3,309 2,134,932 91,215 126,354 205,248 24,919 6,479 1,041 40,416 412,602 96,762 36,787 366,982 155,781 1,237 1,023,570 2,097,433 1,296,165 10,745 1,087,060 110,617 33,562 9,760 9,073 39,374 11,210 350 25,299 275 ""466 2,000 '"'so' $43,626,608 1,069,087 190,337 428,464 47,414 9,345,061 396,368 609,973 1,062,821 333,402 104,946 10,311 148,422 1,471,801 497,448 234,021 1,871,373 976,376 3,959 2,043,406 8,410,867 8,394,766 86,223 4,054,490 584,838 327,607 88,901 66,753 633,137 143,038 $42,471,454 1,043,630 187, 449 411,263 45,320 9,102,264 383,291 600,931 981,329 328,371 102,043 10, 120 141,689 1,410,772 484,031 219,977 1,826,658 965,825 3,501 2,023,927 8,168,443 8,210,969 84,973 3,945,839 I 669,139 ! 321,234 ; 85,707 65,807 620,963 136,119 $55, 132 25,957 $42,416,322 1,043,630 187,449 385,296 45,320 9,102,264 383,291 600,931 981,329 328,371 102,043 10,120 141,589 1,410,772 464,975 219,977 1,826,658 966,826 3,601 2,023,927 8,168,443 8,210,969 84,973 3,945,720 569,139 321,234 86,707 66,807 620,953 136,119 $822,303 18,750 2,443 12,410 884 197,661 8,697 6,689 24,985 3,749 1,265 191 5,968 43,751 12,657 6,479 43,319 8,774 380 15,369 174,049 146,738 700 52,561 9,606 6,163 2,875 865 10,402 4,043 $40,161 $88, 106 $203,584 27,908 469 75" 1,957 120 i 439 5,1.57 ; 386 600 172 209 1,067 5,640 1,599,596 200 245 264,087 600 4,116 1,060,800 135 1,076 64,721 3,261 14,067 14,156,708 643 346 3,826 I 1,282 148 265 2,765 640 20 1,096 1,426 3 1,649 51,736 6,201 650 7,649 2,055 220 60 30 845 398 $68,274,700 3,278 2,007 42,606 1,500 600 10,556 7,545 300 75 2,022 21,482 31,482 47,841 3,866 61 753 2,478 659, 128 1,014,399 1,490,637 483,670 169,889 18,640 2.53,500 2,615,201 800,210 349,358 3,113,480 1,138,922 10,428 4,017,538 13,401,726 11,791,223 137,800 6,959,438 866,468 457,013 163,366 112,336 1,001,896 202,623 10 11 12 13 14 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Group 14 SODA WATER APPARATUS— Continued. $265,791 S300 $1,923,836 $1,863,500 $95,475 $1,758,025 $30,294 80,331 $11,899 $21,811 $4,634,265 1 116,321 33, 114 10,050 106,306 669,524 282,393 63,962 907,956 648,882 272, 189 62,460 869,969 95,300 653,582 272,189 62,460 869,794 12,960 4,878 1,036 11,421 2,650 1,983 322 1,376 2,394 1,571 145 7,789 2,638 1,772 1,626,282 780,228 125,885 2,201,870 1 4 300 175 17,401 5 MFQ PT 1 — 07- -26 402 MANUFACTUEES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14 SPORTING GOODS. STATE OK TERRITORY. Number of estab- lish- , nients. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. ■ Land. Buildings.' Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 152 84,249,182 $164,198 $458,155 $873,215 $2,753,614 106 s.niQ 1 2 5 15 4 5 15 10 5 6 55 7 12 13 21,546 448,950 30,558 12,725 922,247 332,135 39,457 178,304 835,405 381,205 410,494 636,156 3,400 65,379 10,173 4,350 144,399 118,736 11,371 43,443 222,567 83,184 82,152 84,061 18,146 275,375 16,385 5,275 727,948 174,079 28,086 134,861 506,279 253,271 210,468 403,441 2 14 4 2 13 10 4 5 30 6 6 10 3 275 13 7 344 1,087 19 40 590 164 194 283 3 4 Illinois 37,900 1,500 1,100 10,200 6,320 70,296 2,500 2,000 39,700 33,000 5 Maine 6 7 Michigan 8 Missouri 9 1 10 22,820 12,950 23,708 47,700 83,739 31,800 94,166 100,954 11 Ohio n 13 Group 3.— SPRINGS, STEEl,, CAR AND CARRIAGE. 1 United States 52 Connecticut 2 4 5 6 5 10 U 11 S Illinois. . 4 5 6 New York 7 8 All otheir states 2 84,016,463 149,821 594,006 371,. 544 111,7.30 586,061 1,474, ,585 728,716 $332,619 $730,468 9,200 ■ 9,800 22,681 15,000 33,263 177,975 64,700 38,800 39,450 74,542 23,000 140,898 322,288 91,490 $1,081,639 18,300 183,857 122,673 27,750 148,105 409,999 170,955 $1,871,737 83,521 360,899 151,648 45,980 263,795 564,323 401,571 6,421 135 1,070 614 183 1,381 1,970 1,068 Groui> 10.— STAHIPED WARE. {See also XinAvare.) United States Connecticut Illinois Indiana Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states^. $23,107,758 2,761,616 1,426,956 84,000 63,553 1,790,241 478,443 695,346 2,480,249 3,091,273 7,693,573 826,200 1,418,986 308,322 $1,274,560 124,661 196,893 10,000 2,000 115,013 19,149 47,714 35,982 188,748 405,500 48,000 68,800 12,100 $3,336,251 412,949 250,132 13,000 3,000 258,026 50,000 130,616 269,890 391,543 1,253,742 115,763 143,400 44,300 $7,718,446 974,212 618,085 23,500 23,732 373,909 192,341 191,040 1,593,320 1,055,802 1,828,187 352,269 402,688 99,356 $10,778,611 1,249,804 461,846 37,500 24,821 1,043,293 216,963 326,076 581,051 1,455,180 4,?06,144 309,178 714,098 162,567 Group 8.— STARCH. (See also special report on Starch.) United States. Indiana Iowa Maine Michigan Minnesota New York Wisconsin All other states ■• 131 $7,007,696 $577,640 4 3 1)5 1,186,868 863,992 630,167 1,282,126 246,523 1,122,316 155,972 1,519,742 76,000 34,975 27,440 138,820 8,550 161,880 16,950 124,025 81,499,612 $2,004,124 131,030 221,500 245,560 230,916 62,700 209,340 47,350 361,116 373,300 391,817 122,550 283,219 110,496 306,367 70,662 346,713 $2,926,419 607,538 215,700 234,607 629,171 64,777 465,728 21,010 11,203 1,655 437 56 100 741 302 1,186 288 2,144 2,346 1,335 681 133 13,799 1,622 2,250 ' 1,946 1,145 578 3,083 1,658 1,517 1 Includes establishments distributed e Wisconsin, 2. ' Includes establishments distributed t i follows: Colorado,!; Connecticut, 2; New Hampshire, 1; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 2; Tennessee,!; Utah,!; Vermont, 2; 1 follows: California,!; Indiana, 2; Massachusetts, 2; Missouri, 2; Ohio, 2; Wisconsin, 2. GENERAL TABLES. 403 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Uroup 14.— SPORTING GOODS. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALAKIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNERS.^ Aggregate. Oflieers of corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. I Salaries. Number. Salaries. S.S9,,S5S Number. Salaries. Number Salaries. Number. Salaries. 136 361 1 S31S,795 51 310 S22S,937 225 1 §188,060 86 $40,887 6,328 3,154 1 3 14 3 7 10 12 2 6 54 8 9 8 5 .'i.-nn 2 3,000 3,300 3 34 2 2,700 27,481 1,427 3 25 1 2,700 22,489 988 25 468 22 8 1,264 287 ■ 66 133 1,029 325 1,132 689 17 252 10 6 572 161 30 98 667 242 789 311 2 36 2 30,781 1,427 9" 1 4,992 439 3 4 5 69 30 15 16 82 26 57 33 53,002 29.347 9,205 16,616 62,116 28,313 53,363 28,835 6 2 6 1 10 5 11 6 8,006 6,600 6,400 4,000 17,548 11,900 20,104 9,000 53 28 9 15 72 21 46 27 45,086 22,747 2,806 12,616 44,568 16,413 33,259 19,835 39 19 8 12 53 13 34 18 38,159 19,194 2,565 10,962 33,766 12,725 28,689 15,823 14 9 1 3 19 8 12 9 6,927 3,553 240 1,664 10,802 3,638 4,670 4,012 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Group 3 SPRINGS, STEEL,, CAR AND CARRIAGE. 2S 270 S3.53,077 51 Silt;, 230 219 8236,847 197 8225,720 22 .«11,157 3,006 1,945 1 4 4 (16 24 6 43 86 41 9,400 94, 149 28,635 7,784 63,260 110,292 49,557 1 6 10 2 5 17 11 4,000 23,400 16,800 3,500 8,260 37,640 22,640 3 61 14 4 38 69 30 6,400 70,749 11,835 4,2S4 45,010 72,662 26,917 3 63 9 4 36 65 27 5,400 66,537 9,662 4,284 43,870 70,730 25,237 112 583 369 89 487 780 586 82 335 232 76 266 689 366 2 8 5 4,212 2,173 3 1 6 5 6 6 4 5 2 4 3 1,140 1,922 1,680 6 7 8 Group 10.— STA3IPED WARE. (See also Tinware.) 140 941 1 .51,276,996 148 .5484,679 793 8792,317 618 $709,431 176 882,886 ' ,16,160 11,160 1 9 8 2 5 114 106 9 7 69 40 43 46 178 238 38 41 22 157,380 103, 470 21,700 6,188 177,830 41,572 45,991 56,757 271,085 266, 186 51,266 56,243 21,338 17 18 2 63,110 38,740 16,000 97 88 7 7 50 33 33 39 147 214 25 37 16 94,270 64,730 5,700 6,188 111,830 30,200 21,449 33,457 159,800 187,036 26,176 38,543 12,938 76 66 7 6 38 28 31 33 ■ 119 150 23 35 7 81,760 55,447 5,700 6,588 104,868 27,575 20, 699 30,187 146,946 169,916 24,896 37,579 9,272 22 22 12,510 9,283 2,266 768 119 84 865 623 858 766 3,393 4,558 437 - 1,188 346 1,616 605 78 48 611 313 642 639 2,280 3,151 268 891 212 2 3 4 1 12 6 2.S 64 • •-} 2 9 600 6,962 2,626 750 3,270 13,855 27,121 1,280 964 3,666 S 9 10 7 31 24 13 i" 6 66,000 11,372 24,642 23,300 111,285 79,150 25,080 17,700 8,400 fi 11 10 4 26 48 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 5 13 14 Group 8.— STARCH. (See also special report on Starch.) Ill 248 8266,395 38 861,077 210 8205,318 173 33 22 14 21 7 30 3 43 8186,616 37 818,703 3,349 2,070 1 6 42 30 21 29 10 41 4 71 60,318 38,220 7,626 37,684 1,915 41,849 1,772 77,011 3 3 6 6 3 13,768 5,500 615 14,000 75 39 15 24 7 41 3 54 46,560 32,720 7,111 23,684 1,840 41,849 1,472 50,082 42,621 30,060 6,487 22,324 1,840 36,039 1,472 45,782 6 5 1 3 3,939 2,670 624 1,360 553 346 657 182 147 800 132 532 403 274 682 105 101 236 96 274 2 3 74 4 5 3 19 2 7 6 11 6,810 7 1 17 300 26,929 R 11 4,300 9 'Includes establishments distributed as follows: Iowa, 2: Maine, 2: Rhode Island, 2: West Virginia, 1: .Wisconsin, 2. ' Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 2; Connecticut, 3; Florida, 2; Massachusetts, 1; Missouri, 1; Nebraska, 1; New Jersey, 1; Ohio, 2; Pennsylvania, 2;^ Texas, 1. 404 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14 SPORTING GOODS— Continued. STATE OK TEEEITOEY. WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total.- Rent ol works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States 4,260 $1, 641, 486 2,281 $1,141,665 1,766 S464, 626 213 S35,295 S572, 689 3,138 78,750 4,018 573 140,759 37,169 2,830 17, 495 85,767 40,171 77,863 84,066 S69, 646 $16,642 '> 19 370 15 4 965 206 38 121 802 296 979 446 10,901 167, 775 7,716 1,547 380,916 98, 186 12, 384 44,771 347, 159 116, 804 254,486 199,843 9 210 11 3 678 202 20 102 434 166 275 271 7.030 120,064 6,820 1,276 276, 419 97, 199 8,474 39,721 242,642 76, 386 118,204 147, 431 10 153 4 1 374 3 16 19 350 118 565 163 3,871 46,291 896 272 101,441 810 3,700 6,050 101,828 36,768 112,862 50,737 1,878 7,633 620 200 17,954 2,560 1,473 6,813 20,829 1,078 7,607 2,010 209 2,244 148 57 4,303 2,372 14 186 2,256 1,113 786 1,856 3 Illinois 7 1,420 4 Kentucky . . , 6 6 13 1 2 3,065 177 210 7 Michigan. 8 q New Jersey 10 New York . . , 18 11 149 12 2,689 2,660 23, 419 1.676 11 Ohio T> Pnnn.qylvn.Tn'fl 13 Gronp 3.— SPRINGS, STEEI., CAR AND CARRIAGE— Continued. 1 United States 2,476 $1,242,563 2,462 $1,235,943 13 $4,500 11 $2,110 $393,257 $35,996 $26,732 2 98 473 323 83 351 654 494 60,218 232,810 128, 284 57, 198 181, 354 372,949 209,740 85 473 323 79 361 653 488 65,718 13 232,810 4,500 17, 356 119,281 63, 593 5,427 65,345 76. 386 46. 870 120 13,543 600 2,316 8,905 6,999 3,613 1,702 1,601 6,232 1 938 3,034 9,050 4,176 3 Illinois Michigan New Jersey : 4 128, 284 . 6 55,948 4 1,260 6 181,354 '.. 7 Pennsylvania 372, 869 1 6 80 780 H All other states . . 208 960 Group 10.— STAMPED WARE— Continued. United States Connecticut IlUnois Indiana Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania AU other states 13, 560 1,945 689 101 60 681 402 734 644 3,870 338 1,034 276 $6, 660, 459 777, 052 222, 492 26, 300 17, 207 223,228 176,389 325, 700 241.664 1, 221 ; 990 1,763,049 141,674 423,686 9,842 $4,665,664 423 22 41 261 282 650 546 2,066 3,117 319 823 204 661,406 185, .822 14,940 14, 432 93,111 144,754 307,823 216,969 998, 509 1,536,682 137, 790 376, 738 78, 678 2,900 $810,572 768 152 39 2 117 106 39 49 660 702 16 182 198,814 33,944 7,360 600 32,090 29,610 9,700 18,318 196, 553 217, 189 3,466 43,963 20,075 818 79 14 40 17 303 49 170 $184, 333 16, 832 2,726 4,000 2,176 98,027 2.126 8,177 6, 367 27, 928 10, 878 428 $1,561,979 I $124,999 128, 302 193,019 , 7,312 i 6,269 195, 767 32,985 78. 310 130,844 266. 247 395, 706 39, 761 77, 576 20, 892 4,928 13,962 640 1,481 240 10,212 2,145 7,066 24, 166 50, 387 4,322 4,260 1,300 $88,659 10, 924 2,662 862 136 13,805 2,467 6, 606 7,176 15.000 20, 410 4,306 3,406 Group 8.— STARCH— Continued. 1 United States 1,803 S866, 479 1,636 $799,913 236 8.58,534 32 S,S.032 $572, 313 $1,690 $34, 451 2 462 316 107 125 27 389 28 349 248, 848 160,284 47, 442 64, 702 17,976 168,312 15, 136 153,780 396 289 106 116 27 264 28 311 231,216 153, 240 47,079 62,302 17, 976 138,912 15,136 144,053 62 26 2 10 17.031 6,900 363 2.400 4 1 601 144 114,607 46,209 31,069 16, 600 10,226 113,862 5.980 228,770 300 180 100 4,476 2,600 3.824 3,370 1,355 10,656 1,543 6,627 S 4 Maine S Michigan 6 Minnesota 7 New York 99 22, 400 26 7,000 120 8 Wisconsin 9 All other states. . 37 9,440 1 287 890 GENERAL TABLES. 405 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Oronp 14.— SPORTING GOODS— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd . COST Of MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent ol offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal imitcrials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. ■ Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purcliased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing " all other materials"). $463,420 524,082 $2,963,138 $2,879,051 S40, 714 S2,, 838, .337 ,830,978 S17,488 S16,515 $19,106 $7,032,224 1 1,051 68,873 3,350 316 108,270 31,610 1,343 ' 1, 497 61, 495 27,220 69,295 79,100 23,396 332, 744 2.761 2,114 23, 210 324. 197 2,370 1,915 720,019 92,789 10,957 76,193 565,600 120,934 592,757 358,110 320 22,8:« 324, 197 2,370 1,740 700,054 87, 789 10,957 76,157 648,382 116, 434 592,757 365,610 156 3,638 326 50 5,028 884 649 1,302 3,225 646 544 1,140 10 849 5 9 1,085 1,584 27 107 6,902 473 4,669 795 20 1,936 20 60 5,816 2,239 28 60,640 662,916 22,508 9,310 1,614,167 363,928 54,592 244,881 1,323,641 468,825 1,341,569 865,247 ?. 2,224 40 80 3,878 2,687 106 162 7,060 3,140 3,037 8,674 3 4 176 19,965 6,000 5 10, 232 627 735, S25 100, 183 11,767 77,764 575, 123 125,383 601,396 374,682 6 7 S 36 7,218 5,500 9 1,188 10,760 175 1,100 2,346 190 389 6,063 10 11 2,500 13 Group 3 SPRINGS, STEE1<, CAR AND CARRIAGE— Continued. S32S, 393 S2, 136 ■52.741.764 52,486,213 $2,486,213 $203,819 $3,958 $36,360 $11,414 $5,740,836 1 16,534 104,137 56,761 2,173 51,406 59,336 39,046 71,314 496,344 282, 446 62, 563 262, 442 1,126,832 440,823 64, 675 457, 593 ■ 243,787 54,063 233, 865 1,032,683 399, 647 64, 575 457,593 243, 787 54,063 233,865 1,032,683 399,647 6,604 31,802 28, 831 7,646 22,924 73, 168 32,946 235 4,035 3,102 711 4,128 19,681 4,468 190,745 1,078,191 541,134 162, 481 697,060 2,284,673 886,662 9, 2,414 225 144 275 300 600 500 6,601 ,1 4 a 2,000 1,260 fi 1 7 136 3,163 S Group 10.— STAOTPED WARE— Continued. $1,323,528 102,311 176,496 5,910 3,642 181.722 20,306 69,659 116, 612 213,681 316,355 31, 133 69,809 16,993 $24, 893 10, 139 .510.524,1 3,400 8, 5.54 lOO 2,700 799,880 541,003 86, 549 30, 575 1, 175, 116 190,801 639,673 1,107,336 1,701,455 3,162,410 307,612 717,006 166, 465 $10,131,006 751,754 526, 266 85, 169 28, 292 1,164,913 177,116 520.512 1.056,787 1,645.485 3,031,279 287,048 674, 531 162, 865 $2,260 2,260 $10,128,7,56 749,504 525,266 85, 169 28, 292 1,164,913 177,116 520,512 1,086,787 1,645,486 3,031,279 287,048 674, 531 152,856 $169, 466 34,711 7,880 866 221 9,292 6,773 8,469 12,043 36, 618 21,962 12, 438 11,079 7,105 $36,061 2,292 4,503 100 1,497 2,496 190 2,916 6,212 11,516 1,740 120 1,479 $70, 266 4,199 1,548 160 65 910 2,724 10,236 2,099 8,045 11,536 2,110 25, 009 1,636 $119,091 6,924 1,807 265 500 1,692 266 3,491 5,096 86, 118 4,276 6,267 2,390 2,188,077 2 1,138,778 3 168,400 4 69,983 ft 2, 429, 137 6 538,837 7 1,268,641 « 1,683,880 9 3,760,493 10 6,363,971 11 633,012 12 1,378.088 18 366,762 14 Group 8.— STARCH— Continued. $636,272 $5,260,854 $4,933,630 $2,926,174 $2,007,456 $256, 165 $4,918 $35,880 $30,261 SS, 082, 904 1 109,831 43,429 27.135 12.230 14,871 103,086 4, 437 221,253 1,498,746 658,896 364, 443 610,602 141,486 1,063,494 97,401 926,786 1,388,527 619,500 347,550 ■ 466, 139 131,682 1,012,548 89, 943 877, 841 1,116,833 410, 366 331,250 264, 837 130, 683 346, 873 88,980 246,463 271,694 209, 146 16,300 211,302 999 665, 675 963 631,378 83,691 30,903 15, 465 29,821 9,340 43, 167 5,593 38,205 3,980 500 275 68 14,269 3,600 1,163 1,239 513 7,774 341 6,981 8,279 4,393 2,048,072 1,063,056 523,994 936, 608 221,355 1,561,913 154,797 1,574,210 ?. 1 3 4 13,345 61 15 1,524 2,654 6 fi 7 8 105 9 406 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14.— SXATIONERY GOODS, NOT EliSEWHERE SPECIFIED. STATE OK TEEBITORT. Number of estab- lisli- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Macliinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horsr- power. 1 United States 143 16,928,962 $198,613 8714,316 $1,518,671 $4,497,362 ,uO 4,627 '>. 4 33 4 3 ■ 10 5 7 39 11 16 11 76,104 1,000,115 8,675 13,050 696,671 174,932 53,950 2,001,942 1,256,488 1,045,219 682,816 3,000 77,213 12,000 48,293 /15,675 157,789 4,000 3,100 139,021 38,719 14,360 455,582 296, 675 287,460 106,300 46,429 716,820 4,675 7,160 443,143 135,329 24,300 1,316,430 731,843 670,409 401,834 4 16 2 2 6 4 6 22 9 13 7 35 429 12 8 524 , 34 49 1,005 1,276 948 207 1 Illinois . . 4 Indiana ■i Maryland . . , 300 15,500 884 5,700 17,791 37,343 18,200 22,682 2,500 99,007 fi 7 8 9,600 212,139 189, 627 69, 150 72,000 q New York in Ohio 11 Pennsylvania 1? Uroup 9.— STATUARY AND ART GOODS. United States California Illinois Massachusetts Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states 2. . . 16 ; 5 1 11 I $1,668,642 62,040 376,826 104,659 33,648 70,750 588,930 130,028 169,096 80,635 52, 130 8135, 160 21,000 10,000 20,000 6,500 60,760 7,300 1,100 8,500 $166,467 6,500 20,000 22,000 6,000 76,467 20,000 . 1,400 13,500 600 $285,785 16,230 34, 357 18,760 14,290 17,800 118,910 28,193 14,220 6,666 17,369 $1,081,240 18,310 312,469 43,799 19,358 40, 450 332,803 74,535 152,376 52,979 34, 161 527 2 120 3 151 110 Group 3.— STEAM FITTINGS AND HEATING APPARATUS. (See also Foundry and. maclilne shop products; Stoves and furnaces.) United States Connecticut Illinois Indiana Iowa Maine Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states 3... $28,841,609 1,203,960 1,661,386 ■421,931 36,650 136, 163 3,615,133 1,175,703 43,600 337,966 453,338 10,510,446 3,361,098 6,160,773 29,006 406,658 56,321 91,007 71,600 6,000 8,600 142,050 86,825 2,900 16,000 13,260 598,023 256,743 381,260 22,000 $4,773,! 168,764 297,797 44,000 8,500 14,600 535,749 200,662 1,300 15,000 63,019 1,606,878 662,367 1,116,464 $6,947,155 $16,070,817 39,858 217,843 462,294 128,381 8,000 17,807 1 I 816,062 ! 283,846 I 14,560 I 132,653 107,336 2,060,215 869,284 1,633,413 11,797 193,674 761,032 I 800,287 177,950 13,050 95,166 2,121,272 I 606,370 i 24,760 176, .313 269,733 6,245,330 1,583,704 2,030,636 17,208 150,026 148 Group 14.— STEAM PACKING. United States California Connecticut Illinois Massachusetts Minnesota New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvam'a Washington All other states '... I 106 812,253,102 27,000 12, 877 168,276 148,568 168, 601 297,954 4,414,514 87,300 4,688,622 31,063 2,208,337 $549,608 1,100 1,000 1,544 200 4,000 278,260 1,300 122,079 650 139,675 $1,254,876 5,500 1,600 3,000 4,500 5,600 17,511 365,804 27,600 584,332 249,629 .82,294,120 2,700 7,805 .30, 963 30,610 60,392 68,228 388,233 23,300 1,397,676 10,470 283,744 $8,164,498 18,800 2.372 133,313 111,914 112, 509 208,215 3,392,217 35,200 2,584,536 20,033 1,536,389 12,220 355 378 347 18 33 1,389 1,388 70 275 201 2,495 1,881 3,063 25 302 43 13 147 125 211 390 1,153 107 4,794 27 2,086 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 2; District of Columbia, 1; Georgia, 1; Iowa, 1; Michigan, 2- New Hampshire 1- Tennessee 2- Virginia, 1. • f . . , f 2 Includes establishments distributed as foUows: Colorado, 2; Connecticut, 2; Georgia,!; Indiana,!; Michigan,!; Minnesota,!; Nebraska,!; Texas, 2. GENERAL TABLES. 407 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 14 STA.T10IVEKY GOODS, NOT EliSEWHKKE SPECIFIED. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNERS. Aggregate. Officers oJ corporations. General superintendents, managers. clerks, etc Greatest numlier employed at any one time dur- ing thie year. -,222 Least number employed at any "one time dur- ing the year. 3,650 ' rotal. Salaries. S508,027 Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Nuinbor. Salaries, S242, 710 Numl)er. Number. 437 Salaries. Number. Salaries. 115 686 8750,737 98 687 8443, 161 150 S64,866 1 3 23 4 5 5 2 8 31 12 12 8 3 136 2 1 73 44 4 233 64 49 76 2. 700 161,30:i 2,0J0 200 97,681 42,838 4,452 206,402 80,790 66,994 86,335 2 22 2,400 59,420 1 300 114 1 101,885 2 2,040 1 1 200 1 89 2 300 87,843 2,040 67 897 25 19 879 162 81 1,165 536 723 678 35 665 14 15 757 \ 91 .59 815 386 396 418 25 14,0-12 3 1 6 9 1 67 13 8 20 200 3,380 4,852 180 27,874 5,030 3,348 5,960 ^ ii • 8 40,640 13, 530 62 36 4 211 52 38 66 57,041 29,308 4,462 167,602 46, 390 40,794 68,015 56 27 3 144 39 30 46 53,661 24,456 4,272 129,728 41,360 37,446 62,055 6 7 22 12 11 10 48,800 34,400 26,200 18,320 9 10 11 12 Group 9.— SXATUARV AND ART GOODS. S126,620 775 44,456 7,200 7,844 3,030 31,513 9,482 14, 170 1,190 $49, 544 23, 200 5,176 2,250 3,280 3,848 6,760 1,000 6,040 77,076 775 21,256 7,200 2,668 780 28,233 5,634 8,420 190 1,920 72 t70,965 775 19, 156 6,460 2,200 780 26,741 4,693 8,420 130 1,620 86,111 4 1 1 2,100 760 468 4 3 1,492 941 300 414 153 183 ,120 636 115 285 53 97 40 324 88 17 64 308 66 128 46 36 Group 3.— STEAM FITTINGS AND HEATING APPARATUS. (See also Foundry and macblne shop produi-ts; Stoves and furnaces.) 95 1,491 14 121 4 27 1 1 1 2 14 248 2 191 10 21 2 22 6 44 10 i 380 12 166 15 188 3 3 1 26 $1,857,617 62,248 154,486 38,456 810 2,020 309, 150 158, 264 9,150 20,492 50,970 566,290 201,884 262,393 2,380 28,624 206 $615,992 26, 296 61,700 8,000 810 86,583 19,690 . 4,000 6,750 220, 176 69,300 106,988 1,300 6,400 1,286 35 99 25 "2 212 183 21, 20 40 321 150 152 2 23 $1,241,625 35,962 92,786 30,466 2,020 223, 567 138, 574 9,150 16,492 44,220 336,115 132, .584 155,405 1,080 23,224 1,070 180 168 14 19 31 277 117 117 $1,126,046 33,312 83,602 25,666 1,500 207,360 126, 185 6,660 15,867 37,656 313,085 115,028 137, 164 1,080 22,100 $115,580 2,640 9,284 4,800 620 16,207 12,389 2,500 626 6,664 23,030 17,566 18,241 1,124 14,487 479 1,223 335 18 42 2,128 1,634 66 218 193 3,907 1,417 2,627 16 284 9,032 302 677 218 10 16 1,826 815 44 69 . 114 2,215 916 1,664 5 141 Group 14 STEAJII PACKING. 56 450 $594,451 99 $247,313 351 $347, 138 292 $321,154 59 $26,984 3,320 2,303 1 1 2 44 17 14 31 100 11 175 20 35 1,200 1,266 40,817 22,210 14,240 31,268 172,472 9,650 251,812 10, 117 39,410 1 1 13 7 6 8 19 5 30 2 7 1,200 605 13,400 10,280 7,800 14,0.50 93,310 4,600 89,3.58 3,200 9,610 23 10 186 125 109 114 787 32 . 1,340 23 671 6 3 101 86 61 77 665 16 1,067 21 310 2 1 6 6 1 31 10 8 23 81 6 146 18 28 750 27,417 11,930 6,440 17,218 79, 162 5,050 162, 4,54 6,917 29,800 1 22 9 5 18 73 5 122 15 22 750 23,491 10,930 5,000 14, 124 74,684 4,600 153,578 6,417 27,580 ^ 9 1 3 5 8 1 23 3 6 3,926 1,000 1,440 3,094 4, 478 460 8,876 500 2,220 4 5 6 3 22 7 8 9 11 2 5 10 11 12 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows : Kentucky, 1; Vermont, 1: Washington. 1. 'Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 1: Delaware, 1; Indiana, 2: Kentucky, 1; Missouri, 2; Nebraska, 1; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 2; ViMtinia, 1: Wisconsin, 2. 408 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14 SXATIONEKY GOODS, NOT E1,SEWHERE SPECIFIED— Continued. STATE OR TERKITORY. WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent oJ works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average numter. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States 4,295 81,499,803 2,167 $976,034 1,916 $493,465 212 830,304 $1,511,551 S114,509 $20,883 2 47 727 12 17 813 122 68 1,013 461 476 549 21,952 286,047 3,210 4,072 234,191 52,257 20,234 420,613 143,701 139,360 174,166 35 427 2 4 266 77 39 636 240 226 215 19,191 204,643 988 1,270 112,412 42,718 14,900 291,690 98,232 96,593 94,397 12 278 10 13 526 36 16 369 186 155 316 2,761 78,015 2,222 2,802 117,945 8,233 4,804 126,914 40,219 33,756 75,795 1 10,941 311,052 1,029 3,251 175,138 49,031 3,425 526,139 102,601 150,653 178,291 645 41,696 804 560 10,640 5,010 1,740 39,931 3,189 5,875 4,620 215 4,977 62 71 2,066 68 222 4,087 4,403 2,066 2,666 3 22 3,38^ 4 5 Maryland 6 Massacliusetts 21 9 4 8 35 95 18, 3,834 1,306 630 2,009 6,250 10,012 3,974 7 8 New Jersey 9 10 Ohio 11 19, Pennsylvania All other states . Group 9.— STATUABY AND AK.T GOODS— Continued. 1 United States California Illinois Massachusetts Missouri New Jersey 1,507 $1,030,481 1,460 $1,013,376 49 $15,797 8 $1,309 $256,185 $78,510 $4,667 ? 61 379 112 70 69 458 72 , 187 38 61 56,432 237,596 86,639 40,690 34,259 350,738 40,881 126,994 23,494 32,758 66 373 111 69 57 443 61 187 36 58 62,742 235,196 86,189 40,610 32,090 346,066 38,607 126,994 23,107 31,874 6 6 1 3,690 2,400 6,771 69,324 12,362 3,772 14,894 101,776 18,996 26,205 4,645 8,641 3,528 14,284 8,660 1,600 3,935 30,069 2,707 8,384 836 4,507 179 678 816 26 162 1,681 558 132 242 193 3 4 450 5 1 3 2 180 542 200 fi 9 13 11 1,627 4,472 2,274 7 New York 8 Ohio Pennsylvania q 10 Wisconsin All other states 2 387 11 3 884 Group 3. -STEAM FITTINGS AND HEATING APPARATUS— Continued. 1 United States 11,690 .S6, 681, 678 11,488 $6,523,323 118 $35,120 84 $23,135 $2,728,067 $107,073 $101,062 ? 360 938 288 15 33 1,942 1,224 54 162 156 3,059 1,156 2,063 11 230 202,967 571,412 152,112 9,433 19,766 1,147,206 692,992 30,801 109,113 89,066 1,760,668 698,610 1,083,459 5,272 108,721 369 935 288 16 32 1,915 1,223 54 161 156 3,033 1,166 1,938 11 213 202,717 570,632 152,112 9,433 19,656 1,141,301 692,707 30,801 108,879 89,066 1,752,168 698,610 1,045,424 5,272 104,545 1 250 94,999 230,990 20,607 1,462 67,719 375,985 -164,376 26,541 95,246 74,309 924,111 262,966 364,429 8,106 16,232 4,015 11,151 150 4,500 4,335 1,193 200 408 24,850 11,718 268 772 858 27,668 12,826 11,398 71 97 3 3 780 4 Indiana ] 5 6 Maine 1 1 '1 100 208 286 300 14,626 240 1,640 6,140 2,390 41,654 10,007 13,101 1,300 360 7 Massachusetts 26 6,697 s q Minnesota 10 1 234 11 New Jersey 12 13 14 16 16 New York . ... 24 8,022 2 .468 Ohio 60 16,975 76 21,060 17 4,176 Group 14.— STEAM PACKING— Continued. 1 United states 2,734 81,273,144 2,502 81,208,190 207 .?.59,604 25 $5,350 $822,367 $66,143 $16,464 R , 6 133 103 88 98 660 21 1,197 22 398 6,550 3,730 67,687 71,107 29,827 49,696 305,954 9,590 633,126 14,741 182,137 8 6 126 101 63 84 596 20 1,100 22 376 6,550 3,730 66,178 69,807 23,256 47,046 286,936 8,790 507,027 14,i741 176,129 3,183 1,048 47,365 39,307 68,562 36,676 178,811 4,591 375,031 14,024 64,889 1,112 622 13,730 6,678 16,360 4,812 7,331 366 11,062 2,900 3,370 67 54 676 484 214 1,016 5,614 315 5,311 282 2,633 3 Connecticut 7 2 26 14 64 1 73 1,609 1,300 6,571 2,650 20,018 800 20,898 5 ' Massachusetts 8 New York 9 Ohio 24 6,200 21 5,868 GENEEAL TABLES. STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905-Continued. Group 14.— STATIONERY GOODS, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED— Continued. 409 MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of offlees, mterest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing ' ' all other materials"). .51,349,980 S26,179 ?3, 920, 421 $3,793,215 $73,065 $3,720,150 $38,912 $27,211 $11,089 $49,994 $8,867,457 1 10, LSI 92 32,659 30,275 «83,191 4,807 7,292 748,182 53,379 44,725 1,057,271 360,156 632,942 207,930 906 3,820 40 306 3,326 1,272 406 7,737 11,699 5,011 4,390 423 10,966 156 36 3,979 307 900 6,924 600 351 2,570 143 1,251 10 30 1,000 226 110 1,867 1,377 3,910 1,165 974 424 26 1 165 , 1,331 81,517 1,857,537 13,341 19,315 1,372,064 233,613 84,200 2,531, ol3 861,297 1,019,768 793,492 261,589 163 2.SH 732,310 715,850 5,038 4.S07 3 4 620 2,000 162,284 148 29,463 14,500 7,829 757,817 55.184 7,292 748,182 .'i3..379 ■i 6 7 1,063 1 400 46.141 i 44.725 8 476,221 94, 934 142,467 171,015 5,900 75 265 1,078,162 396,. TO6 582, 582 r 226,239 1,059,421 372, 136 638,942 218,114 2,150 21,980 6,000 10,184 2,213 10,494 34,368 9 10 11 !■> Group 9.— STATUAKY AND AKT GOODS— Continued. $115,276 1 S57,732 $392,374 $364,927 $56,415 $308,512 516,743 .55,949 $2,051 $2,704 $2,416,730 1 1,329 ! 735 41,362 : 3,000 2,836 i 50 15,776 75,584 17,^65 23,391 20,816 147,368 23,069 33,315 6,347 28,753 15,085 69,305 16,825 23,067 19,588 138,264 21,721 31,784 6,027 23,261 50 15,0i5 69,305 16,825 23,067 11,323 95,164 21,721 26,784 6,027 23,261 218 2,035 460 252 1,095 6,469 1,067 1,046 220 4,892 120 3,972 250 72 3 272 20 350 m 110,853 510,432 ; 173,094 1 84,345 \ 94,938 927,147 109,597 256,137 47,543 102,644 i 2 4 2,146 5. 7 497 3,300 8,265 43,100 ■•■ M 971 54 156 108 1,269 97 330 100 60 fi 33,501 9,793 9.904 3,467 3,441 36,524 5,938 7,785 1,406 130 7 S 5,000 9 10. 400 550 11 Group 3 STEAM FITTINGS AND HEATING APPARATUS— Continued. $2,406,143 $114,789 84, 484 211,004 18,864 1,262 2,011 332,690 161, 199 24,633 88,334 71,061 830,232 238,123 330,737 4,734 15,775 2,000 4,500 400 3,820 1,219 24,657 2,000 9,193 2,000 $10,425,332 348,925 1,085,581 263,396 9,9i6 10,734 1,509,913 1,092,497 95, 245 161,404 295,382 2,721,645 948,973 1,719,968 11,597 150,076 $9,957,301 329,782 1,046,104 241,387 8,744 9,750 1,448,052 1,046,843 90,322 149,960 285, 419 2,587,995 920,218 1,641,410 11,010 141,305 $42,020 3,715 3,583 "5,'i62' 9,915,281 329,782 1,046,104 237,672 8,744 9,750 1,448,062 1,016,349 90,322 149,960 286,363 2,684,412 920.218 1.636,248 11,010 141,305 $305,439 ! $44,519 12,606 21,978 19,306 352 629 49,833 26,144 1,568 6,687 3,430 78,835 19,049 56,303 644 8,176 6,659 378 730 20 5,231 127 2,300 22,654 680 1,866 $71,126 1,767 4,306 1,665 170 335 19,663 305 401 2,140 15,531 7,366 14,120 43 545 $46,948 3,841 7,534 661 4,009 720 3,050 270 2,093 16,730 1,770 6,270 $24,910,857 813,895 2,278,763 712,370 26, 200 114,958 id 3,700,145 2,329,615 198,017 395, 441 .681,093 7,350,396 2,301,644 3,897,549 24,809 185,962 Group 14 STEAM PACKING— Continued. $736,339* 33,421 $3,896,317 $3,447,836 $753,225 $2,694,610 $237,136 $8,862 $28,216 $174,268 58,951,705 1 ?, 2,004 472 33,060 32,120 42,978 29,749 165,966 3,310 356,962 10,842 58,886 15, 413 1,709 224, 222 155,221 184,351 148,762 922,924 22,618 1,679,946 67,757 483, 405 13,320 1,221 211,630 160,148 167,466 136 086 870,245 20,956 1,417,479 65,767 403,528 5,720 200 8,803 7,600 1,021 202,827 150,148 167,456 75,661 593,146 4,956 1,059,364 .55, /67 376, 766 250 56 6,571 2,653 16,164 7,611 42,451 1,215 91,654 800 67,811 890 390 697 272 156 320 2,206 180 2,596 700 456 55 7 624 748 576 966 7,366 215 6,775 490 10,406 898 35 4,700 1,500 29,900 9,002 1 3 473,085 4 1,125 362,528 295,864 328,600 ,5 6 60,525 277,099 16,000 358,116 3,770 , 668 52 161,441 i,'264" 7 2,348,763 | 8 600 1,696 70,650 1 9 4,068,694 1 10 106,640 U 26,763 879,079 1 12.- 410 MANUFACTURES. Table 3.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY .Group 3 STENCIliS AND BKANDS. STATE OR TEREITOEY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 103 $683,367 347, 600 ■ 592,800 S302,281 $240,786 40 392 California o 3 7 3 13 3 22 15 9 6 4 19 3,260 79, 127 26,000 34,870 5,960 95,985 165,760 108, 864 10, 460 13,375 160,736 1,975 32,756 16, 300 17,950 4,876 60, 178 68.400 29,782 7,700 8,000 65, 366 1,285 44,872 9,700 13, 420 1,075 35,807 32,850 39, 082 2,750 5,376 64,570 ■, Illinois 500 1,000 4 1 6 1 8 8 4 1 67 6 9 2 37 200 18 3 4 5 Massachusetts 1,000 2,566 6 7 8 Ohio 10,000 26,000 54,500 14,000 9 Pennsylvania in 11 Texas 1? 10,000 20,800 8 51 Group 6.- -STEREOTXPINO ANO EI^ECTROXYPING. (See also Printing and publlsliing; Tyi^e founding on Printing; and publisliing.) and special report 1 United States 146 $3,297,646 S57,000 $63,000 $1,753,467 $1,424,079 136 .3,008 California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Maryland 2 4 6 20 4 4 12 5 4 3 41 18 31,040 140,750 665,604 41,660 39,560 239, 674 195, 460 48,000 20,246 1,156,426 144,388 310, 148 264, 590 19,703 61,213 334,806 26,897 26,500 127,232 97,960 30,500 13,700 604,774 84,623 203,854 121,706 11,337 41,6.37 330,799 14,763 10,060 98,442 97,600 17,600 6,646 486,652 69,766 106,294 142, 884 4 5 19 4 4 12 5 4 3 34 10 14 18 26 99 696 38 35 358 101 37 24 1,068 168 260 219 3 4 8,000 30,000 1 6 6 3,000 10,000 7 Massachusetts ^ 4,000 8 9 Missouri in New Jersey 11 46,000 20, 000 1'' 13 14 All other states ". Group 3 — STOVES AND FURNACES, NOT 1NCI.UDING GAS AND OIL, STOVES. United States Alabama California Connecticut Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Tennessee Virginia Wisconsin All other states 3 . . . 18.3,701 166, 381 106, 332 348, 483 6, 183, 531 1,703,877 276, 462 385,900 726, 249 382, 185 703, 872 2,532,678 6,126,019 298, 218 6,004,460 958, 069 5, 447, 337 7,224,692 213, 662 10, 130, 871 1, 158, 263 474, 497 2,691,149 654, 537 $4,662,680 19,700 12, 200 13,000 12,200 625, 891 93, 639 5,877 22, 872 37,893 27, 500 37,000 164, 750 579, 427 13,000 739, 260 477, 543 482, 499 10,600 919,983 60,316 19,800 170, 675 48, 626 S8, 770, 443 41,600 16, 500 16,000 40,626 ,102,704 280,023 20,798 99,767 97,041 38,600 128, 533 327, 260 964,209 48,099 699, 716 184,878 804, 364 .,424,218 228, 240 103, 356 529.808 165, 793 $7, 263, 6 61,500 18,100 11,800 62,015 748,960 271,562 64,140 39,912 73, 367 44, 459 70,896 186, 630 389, 593 55, 269 318, 740 104, 313 539, 381 1,048,138 10,242 2,219,205 216, 436 67,398 461,663 190,092 $32,274,392 71,001 109, 681 66, 632 233, 642 3,705.986 1,058,653 185, 647 223, 349 517, O.W 271,726 467, 443 1,854,048 3,202,790 181,850 3,346,734 600, 448 3,626,049 4,269,737 161,982 5, 502, 991 653, 272 283, 943 1,429,003 250, 027 31, 394 261 62 301 1,576 114 99 373 205 187 1,046 5,407 98 2,256 455 2,415 5,890 28 3, 461 830 300 1,061 432 Georgia, 2; Kentucky, 2; Maryland, 2; Michigan, 2; Minnesota, 2; Oregon, 1; Tennessee, 1; Utah, 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Connecticut, '. 1; Virginia, 2; Washington, 2. "Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 1; Georgia, 2; Iowa, 1; Kentucky, 1; Louisiana, 1: Maine 1- Michigan 2- Ni>brn• Khnrio Island, 1; Texas, 2; Virginia, 1; Washington, 1; Wisconsin, 2. j. . , , maini,, 1, micmgan, 2, JNeDrasta, 2, Rhode GENERAL TABLES. 411 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— (lontinued. Group 3.— SXENClIiS AND BRANDS. Proprie- tors and Arm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. t 1 WAGE-EAENEKS. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. Salaries. General superintendents, managers. clerics, etc omen. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 483 Total. 1 Men. Number. Nmnber. Salaries. Number. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Salaries. S6,830 116 54 S42,056 6 $6,085 48 836,971 33 $31,141 15 603 1 3 5 3 13 3 26 20 11 6 4 24 1 1 1,200 3 1 2,964 3 ' 690 1 208 1 1 3 1 1 15 9 6 1,200 364 090 208 425 18,866 6,162 1,895 1 1,200 6 . 4 9 2 2,600 364 120 208 426 141 11 37 5 140 92 64 14 8 85 124 9 22 6 97 72 62 13 8 67 3 2 570 4 ■; 1 15 9 9 426 18,856 5,162 3,080 6 15 ; - 6 3 18,856 4,062 533 7 3 3 1,100 1,362 s 3 "1,185 9 10 :;:;:::::"::;:: : 11 i2 9,47i i i,366 11 8,171 6 6,920 5 2,2.51 12 Group 6. -SXEKEOT\ PING AND EliECXROTVPING. (See also Printing and publlsbfng; Type founding; and special report on Printing and publishing.) 132 490 ■ 8516,876 82 $162,704 408 $364,172 336 $321,826 72 $32,346 2,966 2,553 1 5 5 4,981 16 16,202 119 138,780 IV 16,106 15 12,560 47 ' 40,302 18 1 18,882 17 1 16,208 2 1 2,744 139 ' 152,240 35 28,864 27 i 33,337 33 , 35,680 5 13 91 14 12 41 15 14 1 125 30 21 26 4,981 10,202 83,198 12,056 9,050 28,802 14,982 8,808 1,600 115,990 19,604 24,837 20,262 5 10 77 13 8 30 11 11 1 109 26 19 17 4,981 ■8,732 76,119 11,636 8,050 24,528 12,614 7,872 1,500 109,376 17,094 23,330 16,094 30 122 712 61 45 267 68 60 20 950 174 294 173 21 103 647 57 38 219 67 36 16 831 143 241 144 •> 4 8 6 2 15 3 1 2 52 10 16 8 3 28 3 3 6 3 3 1 14 5 6 7 6,000 55,682 4,050 3,500 11,600 3,900 7,400 1,244 36,250 9,360 8,600 16,418 3 14 1 4 11 4 3 1,470 7,079 520 1,000 4,274 2,368 936 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 16 5 2 9 6,614 2,410 1,607 4,168 11 12 13 14 Group 3 — STOVES AND FURNACES, NOT INCLUDING GAS AND OIL, STOVES. 233 3,206 $4,031,908 522 81,316,640 2,684 .52,715,268 2,363 $2,651,011 331 $164,257 35,388 22,426 1 1 18 15 9 34 387 17,315 12,705 9,328 38,380 471,016 4 4,060 14 15 6 20 317 13,266 12,705 4,328 16,880 317,482 13 11 4 19 247 12,785 10,425 3,028 16,360 276,989 1 4 2 1 70 480 2,280 1,300 620 41,493 240 216 92 360 4,233 130 147 67 255 2 7 3 14 70 5,000 21,600 163,634 4 25 2,616 6 9 17 2 2 1 131 34 as 44 24 163,701 25,637 41,440 56,620 37,844 27 6 3 12 5 62,260 6,172 10,000 23,220 14,000 104 28 32 32 19 101,441 19,466 31,440 33,400 23,844 86 23 31 31 15 93,287 17,809 31,080 32,776 21,494 18 5 1 1 4 8,154 1,656 360 624 2,350 1,290 225 239 606 226 845 7 89 8 174 1 9 476 10 186 11 3 6 21 7 8 53 168 393 41 337 68,040 228,447 513,937 41,130 636,260 5 22 36 11,576 82,600 106,180 7,000 164,406 48 136 371 37 302 46,465 146,947 407,757 34,130 371,855 47 116 334 34 276 46,101 136,213 390,328 32,560 357,436 1 20 37 3 26 364 9,734 17,429 1,680 14,419 393 1,545 4,625 129 2,483 237 1,160 3,027 88 1,301 12 13 14 15 16 1 17 62 2 35 54 342 428 14 379 131,137 409,179 486,794 22,244 411,603 11 61 106 3 67 80,200 124,464 190,409 9,000 149,396 43 281 322 11 312 60,937 284,725 296,385 13,244 262,107 40 252 278 10 275 49,162 270,012 276,047 12,044 247,376 3 29 44 1 37 1,775 ■ 14,713 20,338 , 1,200 14,731 780 2,793 6,537 35 4,893 232 1,783 3,877 26 3,485 17 18 19 20 21 7 53 32 165 26 60,092 44,106 184,494 30,559 9 5 20 8 18,150 17,800 43,175 12,660 44 27 146 18 41,942 26,306 141,319 17,899 40 24 131 16 40,342 24,976 136,130 17,261 4 3 14 2 1,600 1,330 6,189 638 993 370 1,755 430 632 274 1,060 270 22 ?3 5 3 24 25 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, ton, 1; West Virginia, 2. 1; Mississippi, 1; New Hampshire, 2; Rhode Island, 1; South Dakota, 1; Vermont, 1; Washing- 412 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 3.— SXENCIIiS AND BRANDS— Continued. STATE OE TEKEITOEY. ■WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States California 630 8286,458 469 $269,668 33 1110,947 28 S4,843 891,329 J47,305 53,600 n 5 127 10 28 5 lU 2,790 76,264 6,622 16,900 2,912 69,243, 42,075 37,727 6,740 6,092 32,093 6 118 9 25 6 91 73 67 11 7 68 2,790 72, 412 5,544 16,258 2,912 63,758 40,068 35,289 5,234 4,980 30,423 2,017 12,084 2,604 6,903 916 19,959 12,560 16,724 1,982 2, .536 13,045 864 7,212 1,920 3,850 722 16,667 6,671 3,367 1,930 1,140 4,962 8 371 6 188 46 453 1,190 569 24 31 724 3 3 1,370 6 1 2 1,482 78 442 4 s 1 200 H 7 20 4 2 1 6,486 1,300 1,560 200 8 9 in Ohio Pennsylvania Rtiode Island S2 B4 14 5 5 2 1 6 707 878 306 112 838 11 8 76 1'^ All other states 2 832 Group 6 SXEREOTYPING AND ELiECXKOXYMNG— Continued. United States. California '. Coimecticut Illinois Indiana Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states 2,679 51,993,067 : , 2,686 $1,967,202 20 108 685 58 33 241 62 57 19 828 151 262 155 17,731 77,808 547,410 35,004 19,916 168,713 40,344 37,140 14,820 661,844 94,807 179,622 107,908 18 100 670 57 32 218 62 55 19 812 161 247 144 17,211 76, 308 640,466 34,796 19; 760 161,925 40,344 36,672 14,820 659,248 94, 807 175,705 106,160 $18, 890 14 1,500 6,604 6,306 2,060 2,118 312 $6,976 520 360 208 156 482 "468' 546 1,799 2,446 $677,869 5,389 10,956 113,361 24,687 9,051 78,989 29,986 7,958 1,833 189,700 28,376 50,343 27,261 $182,232 966 3,120 41,620 3,829 2,105 14,700 4,165 3,440 1,036 73,313 6.573 15,998 11,368 $11,577 56 667 3,816 423 100 2,183 426 215 47 1,985 552 44 1,063 Group 3 SXOVES AND FCKNACES, NOX INCI.UD1NG GAS AND OIL, SXOVES— Continued. United States. 29,72.S Alabama California... Connecticut . Georgia Illinois..'.... Indiana. .. Iowa Kansas Kentucky - Maine Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey. . . New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania. Tennessee Virginia Wisconsin All other stales. 175 167 76 279 3,662 1,070 134 206 540 207 349 1,372 3,980 109 2,147 666 2,413 6,204 30 4,220 819 299 1,.359 347 $17,823,434 124,887 90,190 46,319 185,281 2,150,907 r,s,S,.547 71,625 111,264 344,611 117,699 195,561 938,604 2,2.83,705 58,768 1,462,372 564,972 1,674,463 2,908,540 26,600 2,603,420 404,292 185,823 065,652 221,. 542 29,441 .?17,771,724 175 167 75 279 3, .531 1,069 133 206 534 207 349 1,368 3,919 109 2,136 2,412 5,174 30 4,176 816 293 1,272 347 124,887 90, 190 45,319 186,281 2,144,711 .■)SS,2S5 71,490 111,264 343,200 117,. 599 196,561 937,912 2,269,313 58,768 1,460,020 564,972 1,. 574, 141 2,901,626 26, 600 2,496,305 403,048 185,323 650,467 221,542 $43,917 692 m 312 2,206 2,410 1,144 6,196 262 136 672 4,648 6,706 100 600 9,186 $187,027 16,111 43,694 1,101,122 238,633 37,118 55,766 55,229 41,. 590 64,764 240,689 960,230 28,663 716,831 190,914 656,315 823,806 36,468 930,076 103, 196 62,687 322,362 41,710 2,660 200 330 21,996 6,170 3,536 210 1,450 3,619 25,338 2,939 3,196 25,066 24,520 24, 476 2,300 30,078 3,120 6,776 150 $266,469 736 287 1,130 1,306 31,146 13,969 512 3,074 2,908 2,278 6,892 21,966 36,947 1,894 27,003 4,270 21,670 40,924 8,640 20,496 4,745 2,166 10, 415 2,295 GENERAL TABLES. STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 3.— STENCIl-S AND BRANDS— Continued. 418 MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent ol oiljces, interest, etc. Contract work. $30,132 Aggregate. $10,292 44.5 2,091 078 700 1,810 1,437 147 1,408 3,139 5,439 7,8S4 28 700 260 4,914 1,365 6,&59 500 $171,787 1,843 25,073 4,23.5 0,005 4,519 28,186 27,321 39,469 2,614 3,859 27,403 COST OF MATEKIALS USED. Principal materials. Total. $160,880 1,673 24,977 4,079 6,097 4,447 , 26,204 24,312 38,529 2,215 3,748 24,699 Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing " all other materials"). $160,880 1,673 24,977 4,079 6,097 4,447 26,204 24,312 38,529 2,215 3,748 24,599 Fuel. $5,848 128 12 1,251 2,088 800 134 58 1,052 Rent of power and heat. $3,369 ■ 94 234 156 426 688 90 260 1,036 Mill sup- plies. $816 1 137 273 195 50 16 3 139 Freight. $875 32 138 60 678 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. $793,421 15,050 134,716 18,720 49,236 13,937 159,574 114,925 120, 143 20,100 17,750 129,270 Greup 6 — SXEKEOXrPING AND ELiECTROTYPlNG- Continued. $347, 198 S30,S02 $1,032,053 4,368 7,169 67,915 7,935 3,846 60,006 12,395 4,303 750 108,846 21,250 33,596 14,820 12,500 3,000 2,100 13,000 5,567 ""765' 6,037 29,203 229, 467 22,765 8,844 96,646 26,991 16,378 4,929 367,979 68, 410 94,277 62,137 $905,566 24,785 208,115 20,057 7,043 79,731 21,292 13,039 4,010 333, 198 57,605 83,990 49,221 $905,566 3,480 24,785 208,115 20,057 7,043 79,731 21,292 13,039 4,010 333, 198 57,605 83,990 49,221 $34,032 386 2,038 6,517 500 653 5,739 1,927 609 359 8,610 1,204 4,084 2, .507 $66,734 $8,666 1,162 1,610 12,095 1,934 840 7,518 1,242 2,540 500 19,836 5,709 4,113 6,635 10 194 2,069 199 78 458 400 160 35 1,568 1,036 1,905 $18,155 576 1,671 65 230 2,200 2,130 30 25 4,877 2,866 185 3,310 $5,005,338 48,705 187,737 1,204,740 113,636 64,651 416,672 182,615 94,221 31,378 1,602,801 272,883 472,605 322,694 Group 3.— STOVES AND FURNACES, NOT INCliCJDlNG GAS AND Oil. STOVES— Continued. $6,067,006 $270,175 $18,483,865 $17,289,406 16,007 6,242 7,781 42,058 1,038,140 212, 494 32,370 52, 472 50,871 39,312 53,782 184,286 919,344 23,564 664, 763 186,644 691,722 726,406 9,971 1 716,537 6,000 I 9,841 6,000 700 1,471 9,000 1,000 17,503 32,000 14,647 163,965 95,331 I 60,621 298,123 . 8,048 39,266 78,936 97,636 23,141 119,016 2,314,316 807,363 126, 120 132,803 201,918 71,863 196, 792 1,560,683 2,378,198 101,549 2,085,826 439, 706 1,546,869 2,547,469 20,325 1,915,213 348,737 180,986 1,051,603 1,36,790 63,827 84,944 18,392 98,650 2,163,617 760, 121 118,948 118,571 184,014 63, 127 182,526 1,454,180 2,255,084 93,781 2,028,365 414, 089 1,439,231 2,383,063 18, 260 1,756,074 307, 554 166,982 1,004,411 121,696 $307,775 $16,981,631 156 500 7,800 1,462 600 12,043 249,885 285 6,666 6,020 2,847 5,083 1,068 1,205 10,675 924 63,671 84, 644 18,392 98, 150 2,145,817 758, 705 118,948 118,571 184,014 61,665 181,926 1,442,137 2,005,199 93,496 2,028,366 407,423 1,434,211 2,380,216 18,260 1,750,991 306,486 165,777 993,836 120,671 $800,297 10,673 11,010 4,140 14, 163 105,906 39,735 6,462 9,274 16, 468 7,426 12,033 66,881 60,697 3,404 48,623 25,280 78,038 105,112 1,520 115,221 25,127 9,328 32,. 393 12,693 $43, 440 240 . 11,610 1,562 120 4,340 200 225 900 75 1,900 4,090 7 10, 130 3,412 486 684 75 2,350 $80,387 4,090 78.5 379 546 9,902 2,464 375 618 636 1,110 528 6,466 8,697 164 3,663 390 3,527 12,125 60 12, 137 1,483 1,166 8,220 856 $270,335 446 300 230 5,426 33,380 3,481 215 1,480 42,256 63,646 2,300 1,185 16,943 43,747 31,097 14, 498 1,160 6,639 1,107 $54,409,108 283,197 279. 460 121,431 461,868 6,957,542 2,029,841 309,960 371,105 720,260 304,268 646. 461 3,437,564 7,112,874 303,866 5,932,498 1,517,665 4,631,838 7,457,128 139,000 6,794,166 1,115,889 537,258 2,444,667 499,353 414 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 3.— STOVES, GAS AND Oil.. STATE OE TEEEITOET. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number ol estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 79 S9, 981, 711 $1,057,219 SI, 707, 265 S3, 339, 942 13,877,286 63 4,586 Illinois.. 3 3 6 13 20 25 9 1, 369, 290 377, 447 966,399 525, 603 4,026,087 762,763 1, 974, 122 159,945 247,769 28, 473 ;i47, 500 47, 000., J 138,600 494, 694 90,623 181,266 177, 686 1,638,927 162,887 693,969 456,892 110,951 699, 643 347,917 1,210,863 410,752 740,267 3 3 6 7 15 22 7 234 186 668 222 2,326 504 446 3 4 5 Micliigan 6 Ohio 525, 428 66,340 231,033 750, 869 113,784 308,853 7 Peimsylvania. R Group 14.— STRAW GOODS, NOT ELiSEWHEKE SPECIFIED. United States 2. $122,012 $26, 500 $39,424 $26, 804 $29, 284 Group 3.— STRCJCTURAIi IRONWORK. United States.. Calilornia Connecticut District of Columbia. Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Texas Virginia Washington Wisconsin All other states ' 7 27 12 12 29 4 42 221 61 3 106 3 6 7 4 4 19 15 $76,698,507 1, 236, 469 388, 138 203, 760 96,710 6,765,321 2,227,410 749, 111 127,450 1, 204, 965 104, 154 678,917 2, 526, 918 1,166,062 2,609,869 1,787,426 281, 147 2,911,683 13, 699, 864 7, ,577, 686 81, 300 26,031,701 109, 172 193,490 190,996 653, 689 29, 760 2, 180, ,551 2,096,108 $6, 249, 367 132, 500 28, 500 117,000 11, 760 964, 618 112,859 15,023 47, 500 87,000 23, 300 59, 359 329, 939 43,000 102, 944 251, 448 66,000 223, 454 957, 360 666, 907 36,000 1, 684, 774 10, 500 4,939 26,750 13,000 8,000 69, 633 166, 400 1, 531, 191 84, 714 35,000 32, 600 17, 900 840, 840 249, 622 70, 165 22, 500 118,325 30, 750 94, 328 432, 581 153, 299 426, 625 263, 369 48, 600 403, 124 1,892,008 1, 174, 739 21, 500 2, 448, 086 12,000 21,063 16,064 49, 438 2,700 276, 306 293, 176 $15, 190, 897 297, 955 84, 803 21, 960 29,300 1,309,647 382, 335 136, 889 14, 400 266, 790 18, 147 111,309 379, 169 249, 623 699, 854 396, 864 26, 200 692,372 2, 468, 884 1,664,976 10, 000 4,486,986 32,000 44,373 42,026 201,898 8,500 483, 803 730, 946 $46,627,062 721, 300 239, 836 32, 300 37,760 3,640,316 1, 482, 594 527,034 43,050 732, 850 31,957 313,921 1,384,229 720, 140 1, 280, 446 876, 766 140, 447 1, 692, 633 8,381,612 4,070,964 13, 800 16, 412, 856 64, 672 123,125 107, 167 289,253 10, 550 1,350,909 915, 587 23 10 3 11 6 7 26 12 10 27 4 32 153 60 3 94 3 5 83,966 787 664 146 170 8,243 1,744 632 59 990 32 370 2,828 l,17fl 1,972 1,932 206 3,889 12,603 8,121 2S 32,315 87 221 108 281 21 3,064 1,397 1 Includes estal)lish.Tnents distributed as follows: Connecticut, 1; Maryland, 2; Missouri, 2; New Jersey, 1; Rhode Island, 1; West Virginia, 2. 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 1; Illinois, 1; Massachusetts, 1; New York, 2; Wisconsin, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 415 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 3.— STOVES, GAS AND OIL.. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALAKIED OFFICIALS, CLEKKS, ETC. WAGE-EAKNERS. Aggregate. 1 Officers of corporations. General superintendents, managers, Clerks, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Nuntber. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. S21,921 73 1 376 S467,190 60 8125,404 316 $341,786 268 S319,865 48 4,938 2,402 1 30 10 48 28 137 76 47 48 605 A 11,000 11,026 13,800 4,005 26,600 ■ 40,628 18,345 26 6 42 26 124 50 42 37 605 ! ■?! ^^ **Q1 5 2,714 509 239 720 488 1,696 644 642 226 120 228 175 951 272 430 9 1 3 15 18 27 9 20,426 4 9,400 48,298 22,730 137,954 34,518 61,281 6 9.400 t, 62,098 26,735 164,554 75,146 69,626 6 2 13 26 5 35 24 103 41 38 45,022 22,002 127,387 31,707 49,456 7 2 21 9 4 3,276 728 10,567 2,811 1,825 4 5 6 7 8 Group 14.— STKAAV GOODS, NOT EliSEIVHERE SPECIFIED. $3,328 SI, 248 82,080 $1,6 $400 176 Group 3.— STKUCTURAl. IRONlf^ORK. $5,799,916 586 30 5 59 14 5 2 31 233 33 4 70 24 13 11 672 168 44 9 100 37 152 86 138 198 19 216 920 486 2 1,521 9 17 13 72 4 157 103 $1,484,811 91,785 19,110 13,630 27 4 43,944 5.200 13,260 674,584 3 75 6,400 210,590 198,033 56,200 8,760 97,585 6,155 28 10 3 15 2 53,550 20,100 3,360 29,820 2,800 38,256 202,768 97,861 150,462 220,640 5 23 5 17 38 9,520 68,525 16,800 47,100 73,085 22,060 269,201 1,061,194 544, 477 1,455 2 33 93 - 72 7,000 78,040 245,637 163,674 1,620,423 11,194 79 312,066 16,265 13,420 6 10 9,020 9,900 90,460 4,850 167,461 99,477 12 3 13 8 21,060 3,600 25,900 18,120 $4,315,106 140 34 6 85 4 32 129 80 121 160 17 183 827 414 2 1,442 9 11 3 60 1 144 95 47,841 ' 13,910 I 13,630 1 6,860 ! 463,994 144, 483 35, 100 5,400 67,766 3,356 28,736 134,233 81,061 103,362 147, 655 15,060 191,161 815,657 380,803 1,455 1,308,357 11,194 7,245 3,520 69,400 1,260 131,561 81,357 4,267 S4, 165, 755 313 39 19 12 8 459 124 31 6 73 4 31 116 73 113 154 15 173 781 364 1 1,370 7 10 2 67 1 134 91 46,361 13,338 12, 630 6,860 439,782 137,017 33,740 6,400 61,225 3,355 127,408 78,323 98,970 144, 486 13,980 186, 131 790,253 368,559 1,200 1,272,862 10,240 6,885 3,100 68,400 1,260 126,832 79,688 38 $159,350 2,480 572 900 7,466 1,360 256 6,826 2,738 4,392 3,069 1,080 6,030 26,304 22,244 256 35, 495 954 360 420 1,000 4,729 1,669 45,718 252 257 132 5,038 1,238 370 79 816 84 397 1,494 1,285 1,463 1,365 196 2,272 10,169 4,763 45 10,500 86 98 114 361 55 1,108 917 24,421 465 90 96 93 2,973 627 231 61 452 34 186 854 694 903 798 128 1,172 5,606 2,411 21 5,117 40 62 67 242 23 596 591 'Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 1; Colorado, 4; Delaware, 2; Maine, 2; North Carolina, 1; North Dakota, 1; South Carolina, 1; Utah, 2; West Virginia, 1. 416 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 3 STOVES, GAS AND OIli— Continued. STATE OE TEKEITOEY. WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States llliTinis 3,676 $1,946,489 3,588 81,920,879 48 $17,871 40 $7,739 $966,259 $46, 127 $36,292 •> 346 186 492 375 1,305 461 511 206, 766 85, 695 207,784 215,814 725,376 219, 924 285,130 346 175 489 375 1,298 416 489 206,766 82, 677 206,224 215,814 722,114 207,844 279, 540 133, 138 43, 358 68,690 132, 180 310,660 78,698 189, 545 2,750 2,134 1,894 9,664 26 11,429 1,820 9,526 s Massachusetts 8 3 2,543 1,560 3 575 4 Miphip-an 183 24, 156 6,643 7,243 4,252 5 6 Ohio 7 26 4 3,262 9,006 1,500 7 19 18 3,074 4,090 s Ail other states Group 14.— STRAW GOODS, NOT EliSEWHEBE: SPECIFIEJO— Continued. United States. 83 $42,259 $27,784 $14, 475 $33,086 $1,824 $1, 103 Group 3.— STUUCTUKAIi IKONWOKK— Continued. United States. California Coimeotlcut District of Columbia Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa... Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maryland ' Massachusetts Micliigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Texas Virginia Washington Wisconsin All other states 34,276 612 167 158 112 3,999 824 294 63 567 51 293 1,144 943 1,183 1,041 167 1,707 7,530 3,552 30 7,797 61 66 84 291 33 799 708 $19,760,210 467,208 96, 662 76,314 44,300 2, 399, 284 Oil.— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom WOT^ and repairing. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. .Mill sup- plies. Freiglit. Total. I'urohased in raw state. Purcliased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). $809,570 S65,270 .?3, 786, 763 S3, 634, 508 823,000 S3, 611, 508 S44, 183 S12,013 871,534 $24,625 $7,723,697 1 128,254 41, 464 58,843 76, 199 261,708 67. 335 175.767 501.070 481.. 130 481,530 87,623 318, 143 378, 412 1,414,565 365, 565 2,500 6,770 4,744 6,857 10,753 7. 663 3,958 13,082 1,230 3,611 3,522 30,787 1,766 17,546 908,975 286,078 913,029 895,229 2,734,047 901,600 1,084,839 ? 100. .523 1 90,523 35S.793 ! 338,143 391,926 ! 378,412 1, -107.618 ' 1,414,665 3S6.':.SS 365,565 590.545 1 .'565.770 3,000 20,000 3,000 11,496 886 623 8,487 34 3 800 2,249 890 2,817 1 299 31,800 30,970 2,500 5 6 7 565,770 ' .I .S96 8 Group 14 STKAW GOODS, NOT EliSEWHERE SPECIFIED— Continued. $54,989 $42, 637 S3. 160 $119 $2, 393 $186, 383 1 Group 3.— STUUCTUKAI/ IKON^VOKK— Continued. $4,909,56." I $1,036,620 $47, 452, 1 $45,382,966 $15,531 $45, 367, 435 ■51,005,182 I $166,326 $371,430 $536, 166 $90,944,697 48. 474 9.0.37 5.023 3. .5.85 486. 868 55,671 187,866 70.306 89,513 101,758 4.285 216.012 1.089.060 538.626 2.964 1,317,532 6,511 26,258 16,822 6.3,635 4,553 89,928 95,251 5.760 200 2,075 6,000 92,605 217,473 I 100,696 43,188 , 3,335 110,190 I 6,949 j 17, 418 19,873 62,000 24,796 181,923 314,243 70, 715 1,800 119,866 10,600 6,150 100 1,013,609 173, 178 90, 305 52, 340 4,789,503 1, 234, 727 407,394 32,968 597, 088 43, 579 479, 283 1,262,429 1,362,067 1,634,113 1,063,598 126, 069 2,238,274 8, 787, 546 4,935,639 23,685 13,860,974 64, 466 98,215 108,736 300,883 21,145 1,587,267 1,062,290 956, 147 164, 470 79,800 43, 300 4, 529, 660 1,153,603 369. 554 26,912 573,269 42,711 452, 656 1,209,820 1, 319, 348 1,574,930 1,001,826 118, 416 2,148,867 8,480,200 4, 698, 699 21,600 13,294,664 58,643 96, 745 104, 402 292,516 19,900 1,535,609 1,024,899 1,000 291 900 9,836 950 956, 147 154,470 79, 800 43, 300 4,527,006 1,153,003 369,664 26,912 573, 269 42,711 452, 656 1,208,820 1.319,348 i; 574, 930 1,001,535 118,416 2,147,967 8, 470, 364 ■ 4,698,699 21,600 13,293,714 58,643 96, 745 104, 402 292, 516 19,900 1,535,509 1,024,899 13,844 14,579 4,280 5,460 26,690 560 250 142, 581 32,220 32,846 4,902 1,986 13,760 342 2,798 2,846 1,028 2,398 370 5,039 29,983 24, 650 43,176 29,537 680 5,110 1,073 6,809 8,999 3,142 62, 458 173,095 102,886 720 883 8,437 27,384 13,274 1,040 235, 100 904 876 2,866 3,123 1,873 170 720 6,641 368 33,627 25,535 571 869 2,497 4,653 2,076 2,609 4,975 580 20, 826 3,599 4,047 110 1,283 156 762 6,717 11,184 6,976 3,351 200 19,012 52, 160 45,947 126 171,959 727 276 298 600 8 7,740 5,128 14,852 960 1,000 3,000 64,316 41,881 26,046 2,932 6,378 20, 146 11, 799 6,712 4,222 19,885 3,428 9,600 54,707 74,733 100 156, 128 2,318 150 450 565 7,894 2,075 1,940,778 347,778 220, 154 138, 345 9,636,343 2, 634, 721 767, 816 92, 839 1,218,093 112, 144 841, 632 2, 692, 350 2,295,869 2,840,362 2,230,764 284,040 4,365,298 19, 656, 718 9, 060, 856 66, 190 23,705,503 146,756 189,910 211,095 625, 433 58,044 2,841,440 1,833,436 MFG — PT 1 — 07- -27 418 MANUFACTUREi J. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 1 SUOAR AND MOLrASSES, KKFINING. STATE OK TERRITORY. Number of estab- lish- ments. C.IPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish-, ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 344 $166,468,320 S9, 188, 103 S12, 145, 482 533,530,714 J110,604,021 327 147,861 Georgia . . "> 4 7 4 12 3 261 7 3 8 3 6 • 10 3 5 18 95,279 491, 117 9,925 42,180 100,547 54,872,060 311,228 110, 479 72,681,586 92,860 12,387,699 2, 456, 701 43, 100 2,480 21,771,089 1,800 206 775 1,595 1,400 2,369,497 11,300 40 4,166,981 6,100 828,500 435,900 2.000 325 1,361,690 600 1,000 2,600 7,710 17,598 6,558,917 36, 330 40 3,604,847 14,350 628,500 426,730 2,800 700 942,760 23,829 71,436 4,950 18,925 13,294 19.985,385 49, 369 10, 169 8,783,861 28, 000 1,367,600 1,249,189 4,000 1,110 1,919,697 69,050 418, 481 1,600 13,960 68,255 25.958,261 214, 229 100,230 56,226,897 44, 400 9,563,199 344,882 34, 300 346 17,546,942 3 6 2 9 3 250 7 2 6 3 6 9 2 3 16 105 395 50 241 58 113,644 163 140 12,633 153 5,260 7,730 30 58 7,201 3 4 Indiana 't Iowa.- . -' f, 7 R MiTiTip..tintn. 9 in New York n Ohio ^^' 13 14 Vermont 15 Wisconsin 16 Group 8.— SUIiPHlIRIC, NITKIC, ANB MIXED ACIDS. (See also Cbemical's; and special report on Cliemicals.) 1 United States 32 $12,761,920 $1,431,440 $2,808,467 $4,960,647 $3,561,376 30 5,641 CaUfomia 2 3 4 7 5 16 1,524,764 3, 666, 375 899.589 6, 671, 192 105, 045 321, 153 124, 562 880,680 131,200 513, 327 165, 508 1,998,422 601,956 1,800,552 406, 431 2,151,708 686, 563 1,031,343 203,088 1,640,382 4 7 4 15 616 1,240 216 3,469 4 6 Pennsylvania All other states " Group 14.— SURGICAIi APFIilANCES. (See also Artificial limbs.) United States . California . . . Connecticut . Illinois Kansas Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire . New Jersey New Yorlc Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states ». 180 $5, 383, 203 80,287 6,980 689, 867 114,974 13,960 96, 769 18, 375 7,480 81,664 28, 160 2,326,677 637, 146 40,085 1,339,402 18, 149 84, 448 $216, 200 4,000 200 7,500 8,000 1,200 900 600 ' 2,760 103, 300 4,500 1,500 67,860 6,000 7,000 $624, 438 1.868 1,700 10,500 13, 698 3,775 2,769 1,200 1,000 4,700 417,030 13, 300 5,000 129, 398 1,500 17,000 13,952 3,450 125, 942 26, 237 2,000 32,768 2,750 3,000 13,096 9,000 504, 825 84,973 9,580 257, 282 3,206 24, 348 io, 427, 167 60,467 1,630 446,925 67,039 8,175 59,042 13,625 2,980 68,468 11,700 1,301,422 434,373 24,005 884,872 7,444 36, 100 84 Group 3.— TIN AND TERNE PIiATE. (See>lso special report on Tin and tcrne plate.) Group 10.— TINFOIl,. 3,089 5 23 9 226 3 70 2 12 9 101 2 16 1 1 4 37 3 126 5 1,617 16 169 1 20 14 544 3 12 7 116 1 United States .... 36 $10,813,239 $310,000 $1,869,927 $2,912,946 $5,730,366 20 9,231 9 19 17 4,692,369 6,120,870 221, 000 89,000 384,000 1,475,927 1,046,600 1,866,446 3,040,869 2, 689, 497 12 8 5,896 3,335 14 $1,917,839 $272,029 $417,998 $629,687 $598, 125 11 1,612 o 7 7 1, 530, 160 387,679 257,900 14,129 354, 592 63, 400 520, 153 109, 534 397,615 200, 610 4 7 1,280 332 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 5; Florida, 1; Kansas, 2; Massachusetts, 2; Nebraska, 2; New Jersey 2- Tennessee 2- Washington 2 ! Includes establisJunents distributed as follows: Alabama, 2; Colorado, 1; Connecticut, 2; Indiana, 1; Kansas, 1- Maryland 2- New Jersey 4- Ohio ' l' Rhode Lsland, 1; Virginia, 1. • ^ i • y, • , . » Includes estabhshments distributed as follows: Colorado, 1; District of Columbia, 2; Georgia, 1; Indiana, 2; Iowa, 1; Louisiana 1- Maine 1- Rhode Island 2- Vermont, 2; Washington, 1. > > . . . > GENERAL TABLES. 419 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. , Group 1.— SUGAK ANB MOIiASSES, RISFIMING. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNERS. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. (ii'iier;il superintendents, managers. ..'lerivs, etc Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing tlie year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing tlie year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 364 ■ 1,886 52,153,679 104 $390,474 1,782 11,763,205 1,735 81,736,579 47 $26,626 29,596 17,166 1 1 5 4 19 2 2S1 6 2 9 1 8 7 2 7 10 13 32 12,4.50 42,799 4 5 5,060 11,600 9 27 7,390 31,199 8 20 6,790 26,882 1 7 600 4,317 63 210 28 128 27 19, ,544 119 46 4,221 33 1,609 995 24 14 2,535 36 137 28 96 12 10,934 77 32 2,869 24 822 555 4 14 1,526 2 3 4 4 5 1,004 19 11 876 10 94 59 3 4,800 7,400 717.084 .52.,SU0 13.S(i(i 598,072 16,650 157,350 47,498 5,900 4 4.800 4 5 946 15 9 354 6 84 54 3 4,800 7,400 581,699 42,000 11,374 539,338 6,150 98,230 35,938 5,900 5 5 962 15 10 372 87 54 3 7,400 584,393 42,000 12,066 549,739 6,750 99, 100 35,938 5,900 6 52 4 1 4 3 7 5 132,691 10,800 1,800 48,333 9,900 58,250 11,. 560 6 2,694 7 8 1 18 1 3 692 10,401 600 870 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 256 477,010 19 100,480 237 376,530 227 370,078 10 6,452 16 Group 8.— StriiPHCRIC, NITRIC, AlVD JTIIXX:!) ACIDS. (See also Chemicals; and special report on Cbemlcals.) 2 308 .?556 , 106 37 $71,775 271 $484,331 261 $479,232 10 $5,099 3,023 1,^8 1 21 (■.9 38 180 ■ 43,670 159,437 57,431 295,568 3 6 13 15 12,000 16,080 14,760 28,935 18 63 25 165 31,670 143,357 42,671 266,633 14 62 24 161 29,220 142,421 42,191 265,400 ■4 1 1 4 2,460 936 480 1,233 303 834 219 1,667 172 670 130 916 '' S 4 2 5 Group 14.— SlIRGlCAli APPlilANCES. (See also Artificial limbs.) 179 492 $505,750 59 $122,409 433 $.383,341 313 $323,289 120 .$60,052 3,123 2,668 1 13 3 14 2 5 17 3 \ 8 43 7 30 5 12 11 2 92 12 5 24 1 6,510 1,800 137,864 12,857 2,236 19, 196 1,200 11 80 9 5 22 6,510 1,800 110,064 7,057 2.236 17,441 9 2 68 9 4 14 5,262 1,800 103,438 7,057 1,924 13,715 2 1,248 44 7 448 62 14 147 19 6 37 35 893 595 55 695 7 60 30 5 357 44 14 122 13 5 31 25 798 452 24 600 4 44 ■>, 12 3 27,800 5,800 12 6,626 4 1 8 312 3,726 6 2 1 1,766 1,200 7 s q 29 23,441 8 9,100 21 14,341 18 12,520 3 1,821 10 11 98 89 10 99 6 14 102, 6i9 85,198 6,340 93,939 950 13,200 5 17 2 5 34,600 26,958 3,000 6,316 93 8 94 6 10 67,419 58,240 2,340 87,623 950 7,320 74 60 3 62 3 7 62,519 47,431 1,236 59,891 750 5,746 19 22 5 42 3 3 4,900 10,809 1,104 27,732 200 1,574 12 13 14 15 16 4 6,880 17 Group 3.— TIN AND TERNE PLiATE. (See also special report on Tin and terne plate.) 1 284 .?309,.554 21 $67,450 263 $242, 104 232 $232,788 31 $9,316 6,161 3,741 1 1 191 218,980 93 90,574 15 67,750 9,700 176 87 161,230 80,874 152 80 164,234 78,654 24 7 6,996 2,320 3,121 3,040 1,877 1,864 2 3 Group lO — TINFOIL,. 11 70 $85,653 10 $28,460 60 $57,203 46 $48,819 14 $8,384 832 734 1 10 1 52 18 64, 720 20,933 5 5 16,850 11,600 47 13 47,870 9,333 37 9 40,506 8,313 10 4 7,364 1,020 640 192 599 135 2 3 < Includes establisliments distributed as follows: Indiana, 3; Maryland,!; Michigan,!; Missouri,!; New York, 2; Ohio, 6; West Virginia, 4. 5 Includes estabiislunents distributed as follows: Illinois, 2; Missouri,!; New Jersey, 2; Pennsylvania, 2. 420 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 1.— SUGAR AND MOLiASSES, REFINIIVG— Continued. STA.TE OR TERRITORY. WAGE-EAKNEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average .number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States 13,649 87,676,650 13,011 87,452,370 406 $98,230 • 1,32 $25,060 $8,600,754 $166,672 $575,347 9 46 140 3 18 19 6,816 71 37 3,707 26 1,270 287 13 2 2,095 12,100 03,502 780 6,975 6,894 3,166,241 24,713 17, 669 2,196,218 11,710 706,024 145,776 5,464 950 1,211,635 38 98 3 18 17 5,668 40 21 3,643 15 1,193 283 13 2 1,969 11,163 53,464 780 6,975 6,581 3,139,743 18,312 13,039 2,176,956 8,710 690, 416 144,986 6,464 950 1,174,831 8 42 937 10,038 14,382 86,688 36 6,714 5,305 2,919,820' 54,880 51,266 2,969,634 8,300 862,651 246, 362 8,665 264 1,365,788 2,040 18,800 10 1,020 300 24,335 480 4,000 16,870 640 6,900 40 676 844 1,500 IS 341 468 379,390 1,692 590 82, 325 690 26,815 7,109 207 21 73,337 7 /\ e, 9 73 313 11,897 7 Louisiana 74 31 16 69 1 46 2 14,601 6,401 4,630 16,977 150 10,113 349 s in 5 10 31 2 1,285 2,850 6,495 440 n Ohio . . : T' Pennsylvania 13 Texas I'l 15 Ifi 127 34,034 9 2,770 91,662 Group 8 SULiPIIlIRIC, NITRIC, AND MIXED ACIDS-Continued. 1 United States California 2,447 SI, 505,406 2,443 $1,504,359 1 S250 3 $797 $712,953 .?41,512 $60,611 *> 237 726 155 1,329 158,092 436,819 84,670 825,825 237 723 154 1,329 158,092 436, 944 84,498 825,825 44, 401 201,566 36,046 431,941 2,786 16, 697 6,619 36,410 3 1 250 2 1 625 172 10,000 4 ■i 31,512 Group 14.— SURGICAI. APPI.IANCES— Continued. 1 United States 2,811 $1,154,563 1,216 $689,271 1,646 $456,656 49 39,736 $1,248,387 ■ $96, 127 $14,741 o 34 6 402 52 13 136 14 5 33 31 846 514 39 642 i 21,221 2,142 163,938 21,513 4,626 64,049 5,991 2,698 17,795 11,197 283,359 266,739 9,122 269,992 1,088 19, 193 27 4 129 23 7 m 10 3 22 25 291 280 20 278 3 26 18,596 2,024 80, 418 12,124 3,702 46,281 5,169 2,412 13,331 9,474 127, 396 178,889 6,080 169,084 880 13,413 7 1 272 29 5 66 4 2 11 6 550 229 19 329 1 16 2,626 118 73,338 9,389 720 17,488 822 2S6 4,464 1,453 164,414 86,927 3,042 94, 481 208 5.780 14,875 2.029 114,942 28,963 1,337 38,856 6, 483 851 12,626 3,036 423,592 204,339 7,442 378,261 3,446 8,419 4, .502 464 69 3,146 771 63 736 106 34 462 130 4,621 1,217 146 2,261 73 464 T 4 Illinois 1 182 20. 766 ^ f, Maryland 1 1 104 280 990 10,783 632 412 3,404 7 s 10 11 1 5 5 270 1,650 923 1'' 1,766 31,626 1,368 16,454 1,060 2,384 13 New York 14 15 Pennsylvania 36 6,427 16 17 Group 3.— TIN AND TERNE PLATE-Continued. 1 United States Pennsylvania 4,847 $2,383,070 4,212 82, 193, 062 679 $179,917 56 $10,091 3,491 6,600 $389,873 231.376 158,497 $2,615 $28,267 o 2,421 2,426 1,206,781 1,176,289 2,096 2,116 1,112,001 1,081,061 305 274 91,289 88,628 20 36 1,360 1,265 16, 104 12,163 3 Group 10 — TINFOIl,— Continued. 1 United States 766 $303,307 433 $219,233 322 $82,645 11 $1,429 S276, 401 .54, 115 $11,922 1 620 146 241,773 61,534 341 92 167,502 51,731 276 46 73,949 8,696 3 8 322 1,107 200,624 75,877 1,016 3,100 10,839 1,083 3 All other states GENERAL TABLES. 421 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 1.— SUGAK ANB MOliASSES, REFIININ*;— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent of offices, interest, etc. $7,743,886 Contract work. 11,498 66,388 8 5,228 4,637 2,421,271 52,708 46,676 2,871,439 7,070 809,036 239,213 7,783 243 1,200,789 19,900 COST OF MATERIALS USED. Aggregate. Principal materials. Total. 8244,752,802 I 1240,250,399 220,967 1,471,637 2,897 55,399 201,269 59,508,310 646,070 285,157 108,454,911 134,955 33,988,579 1,387,730 120,186 2,495 38,266,265 219,749 1,469,226 2,360 48,208 200,306 67,076,173 641,011 278,621 107,459,038 133,700 33,526,699 1,287,187 125,535 2,125 37,790,461 Purchased in raw state. $22,382,180 2,100 32,672 860 8,665 21,545,393 3,715 59,687 100 450 015,223 2,000 1,915 109,400 Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). $217,868,219 217,649 1,426,664 1,600 39,643 200,306 35,630,780 037,296 218,934 107,468,938 133,260 33,526,699 671,964 123,535 210 37,681,001 .?4, 123,673 1,003 6,011 537 2,212 2,222,810 4,325 2,000 963,987 1,220 369,268 83,958 250 356 464,839 Ur.nt of power and heat. $7,669 Mill sup- plies. 205 200 2,454 150 am 210 '460' Freight. $77,563 154,666 690 52,217 123 30,061 35 4,413 1,175 83,744 16,586 8,658 16 7,160 100 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. $277,285,449 279,350 1,755,838 6,100 90,630 2.33,789 73,786,659 7 792,171 8 395,993 9 116,438,838 10 184,450 11 37,182,504 12 1,979,214 13 149,181 14 6,150 16 44,004,682 16 Group 8.— SUIiPHURIC, NITRIC, AND MIXEB ACIDS— Continued. $603,091 1 ?7,839 ! 84,972,838 $4,576,941 $1,362,185 $3,214,766 $366,129 .?5,.549 $23,051 $1,168 ! $9,052,646 1 41,616 175,869 28,426 357,180 596,469 1,302,079 265,702 2,808,588 648,446 1,191,328 242,439 2,594,709 165,356 374,396 46,041 776,392 383,089 816,932 196,418 1,818,317 44,866 105,026 21,583 194,654 2,749 2,800 409 2,925 1,660 18,067 915,473 2,711,692 560,594 4,864,887 2 3 4 7,839 1,168 6 Group 14.— SURGICAL, A PP1,1ANCES— Continued. $1,118,781 $19,738 82,729,271 $2,627,462 $602,451 $2,125,001 $68,022 .520,156 $7,1.56 $16,485 .$6,385,293 1 2 3 8,903 1,960 .. 87,146 28,182 .. 234 .. 27,338 .. 4,745 '.. 405 1-. ) 8,660 i 2,326 1 417,215 .. 164,823 5,928 ;.. 353,056 2,323 L. 5,471 1,000 17,719 1,887 400,241 28,610 2,038 08,393 6,219 2,818 19,400 7,143 1,104,404 277,697 8,727 730,411 2,650 51,894 17,021 1,815 383,008 , 27,555 1,689 65,306 4,349 2,780 19,110 6,675 1,072,879 266,002 8,226 702,201 2,349 46,688 684 16,337 1,815 298,008 27,666 1,689 66,306 4,349 2,7S0 19,110 6,675 689,137 266,002 8,225 702,201 2,349 13,563 65 62 6,803 908 264 1,872 660 596 27 10 20 1,969 74,986 7,800 3,885 85,000 9,160 301 147 15 75 15 2 10 116 4,218 797 20 795 65 553 922,100 ; 4 137,092 5 90 13,676 6 1,140 15 36 230 208,928 7 190 35,177 8 11,100 , 9 50 212 23 1,054 158 12,294 47 368 113,700 27,081 2,108,260 953,949 62,604 1,576,482 13,160 119,320 10 580 240 27,206 6,749 324 9,849 15 4,026 11 383,742 78 3,095 12 6,673 13 14 7,500 5,272 174 360 15 16 100 33,025 17 Group 3.— TIN AND TERNE PI.ATE— Continued. Group 10,— TIN FOIIi— Continued. $358,991 $31,375,714 $31,185,173 $31,185,173 $159,786 $30,765 1 $35,283,360 1 213,922 145,069 ' 17,590,077 17,501,368 13,683,805 17,501,368 13,683,805 73,376 86,410 15,333 19,341,961 2 13 786 637 15,422 15,941,399 ' 3 $253,338 $7,026 $1,887,746 $1,857,071 $9,032 $1,848,039 $23,182 $3,200 $4,159 $133 $2,794,828 1 188,670 64,668 ,~' 1,484,155 403,590 1,463,904 393,167 1,463,904 384,135 17,448 5,734 2,783 1,376 20 113 2,095,513 699,315 2 7,026 9,032 3,200 3 422 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 10.— TIPiWARE. (See also Coppersmitliing and slicet Iron working; Kooling materials; Stamped ware.) STATE OK TERKITOKY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 377 892,565,896 813,711,9.59 822,168,950 J36,325,109 S21,.349,878 199 9,918 California 2 13 5 49 12 3 3 8 4 43 23 7 16 14 78 23 36 5 3 4 28 8,238,747 31,289 22,924,830 3, 552, 307 6,299,348 2,982 172,263 209,567 14,301,608 2,806,932 422,791 2,878,586 776, 616 13,666,945 7,265,627 3,261,546 118,829 .39,062 836, 158 6,882,994 1, 182, 158 625 4,546,805 786,672 1,171,658 600 1,000 11,600 590,609 599,579 60,950 174,654 96,677 1,882,444 1,411,826 216, 500 8.500 1,500 1,500 968, 603 2,114,900 6,800 6,915,113 944,626 1,407,890 500 3,000 37,260 3,141,407 713,296 52,065 672,476 183, 102 3,066,736 1,716,907 655,611 18, 666 2,000 4,000 1,513,608 3,271,419 5,460 9,140,091 1,413,864 2, 106, 483 1,225 71,232 62,850 5,646,926 1,099,642 108,026 1,006,435 349,991 4,738,629 2,702,381 931,874 28,255 6,950 277,612 2,356,775 1,670,270 18,414 3, 323, 821 407, 146 613,417 767 97,021 97,957 4,922,667 393, 416 201,750 1,026,022 146,845 3,870,137 1,424,514 1,447,561 63, 408 29,602 652,046 1,044,108 8 1 22 2 2 1 6 2 26 13 5 6 8 44 17 14 4 1 3 14 329 15 1,985 83 312 5 122 173 1,026 364 254 604 199 1,630 992 627 70 5 629 694 •1 Illinois . 5 F, Iowa 7 Kansas S Kentucky 9 in Maryland 11 12 13 14 Massachusetts Michigan Missouri 16 16 17 18 New York . Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island 19 ^0 Tennessee 21 All other statrs ' Group 11. -TOBA<:<'0, t'HBWING AND SMOKING, AND SNUFF. (See also Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes; and special report on Tobacco manulactures.) * 1 433 S178,-847,666 82,040,974 $7,871,103 86,255,770 8162,679,709 229 22,316 Arizona Illinois Indiana o 3 37 16 4 54 10 3 17 10 68 39 18 34 37 3 48 10 22 4,025 3,945,235 118,065 108,841 21,268,822 1,684,501 7,091 51,784,817 8,582,781 8,034,743 32,028.980 7,492,386 1,288,800 6,659,448 23. 105 10,997,474 1,080,367 24,7.38,075 725 186, 450 6,260 6,339 926,779 187, 414 200 913,641 215,241 214,811 1,121,208 274,009 169, 662 156, 662 2,760 937,811 107, 420 841,. 398 3,300 3,601,094 106, 415 81,502 19,287,325 1,218,967 5,291 48,210,572 7,963,154 7,362,999 29,128,017 6,843,466 580,397 5, 263, 209 7,355 9,529,861 971.297 22,545,488 3 4 70,777 1,663 6,200 178, 500 69,052 500 389. 151 127,361 173,379 309,750 49, 643 180,650 44,811 6,000 129,029 650 306,968 87,914 3,737 16,800 877,218 209.068 1,100 2,271,463 287,025 293, 564 1,470,005 325, 268 368,201 204,766 8,000 400, 773 1,000 1,045,221 17 4 2 28 9 710 46 27 3,086 1,367 6 7 8 q 8 6 23 26 12 13 21 1 38 6 15 4,929 869 373 2,672 607 725 1,060 7 2,387 447 3,014 10 11 T* North Carolina - . 13 Ohio 14 15 16 Texas 17 Virginia IS 10 All other states 2 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 1; Delaware, 2; District of Columbia, 1; Georgia, 2; Nebraska, 2; New Hampshire, 1; Oregon, 1; Texas, 1; Vermont, 2; Virginia, 4; Washington, 1; West Virginia, 4. Louisiana, 2; Minnesota, 3; Mississippi, 1; GENERAL TABLES. 423 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group lO.— TI1\ WARE. (See also Coppersmitlilng and »Iiect Iron «rorkiiigr; Hoofing materlalK; Stamped ware.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALAKIED OFFICIALS, CLEKKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNERS. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 81,212,Cili8 Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 380 1,216 $2,029,543 212 1,004 $816,875 828 $736,061 176 $80,814 23,368 12,207 1 15 5 37 17 2 7 . 3 2 47 29 6 It 7 81 25 ■51 3 7 5 20 34 5 166 11 11 124, 434 3,325 378, 504 44,041 64,906 9 ' 92,613 3 ' 2,150 41 1 252,460 3 .16.000 25 2 125 8 6 31,821 1,175 126,044 8,041 5,838 23 2 105 8 6 ?0,581 1,175 114,796 8,041 5,358 2 1,240 1,5(15 56 4,188 460 732 9 238 202 2,888 778 566 1,037 385 4,131 2,186 1,268 155 33 627 1,875 591 63 2,182 160 298 4 172 115 1,252 343 314 608 222 2,137 1,454 853 127 32 404 886 2 3 20 11,248 4 5 5 59,068 1 480 6 7 27 17 161 35 29 64 25 193 107 129 24 4 119 55 26, 130 18,052 223,763 50,270 27,505 108,305 34.847 329,331 183,600 128, 192 18,744 3,624 103,150 152,820 1 31 6 2 10 8 38 17 8 1 5 13,930 3,000 164,792 34,383 3,000 63,864 17,905 206,795 104, 550 33,940 7,550 20 16 130 29 27 54 17 155 90 121 19 4 116 40 12,200 15,052 68,971 21,887 24,505 54, 441 16,942 122, 636 79,0.50 94,252 11,194 3,624 86,850 42, 452 19 15 121 20 23 43 14 109 70 92 18 4 103 34 12,110 14,740 56,253 17,810 22,887 47,778 15, 470 103,2.57 69,090 80,285 10,582 3,624 81,710 39,608 1 1 9 9 4 11 3 46 20 29 1 90 312 2,718 4,077 1,618 6,663 1,472 19,279 9,054 13,967 612 8 9 10 U 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 3 15 16,300 110,368 13 6 5,140 2,844 20 21 Group 1 1. -TOBACCO, CHEIVIiNG AND SMOKING, AND SNUFF. (See also Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes; and special report on Tobacco tnanufactures.) 426 2,107 S2, -150, 752 189 $530, 555 1,918 $1,926,197 1,745 .51,852,946 173 $73,251 29,494 19,187 1 3 ' 39 13 7 60 4 3 11 8 69 54 12 43 41 9 17 2 873 172 38 3,427 1,126 2 4,114 466 1,098 7,879 1,211 464 997 11 5,246 338 2,033 2 698 128 25 2,288 791 2 3,250 400 843 4,416 601 414 675 11 2,968 252 1,424 2 38 24 19 222 123 52,637 21,188 8,628 300,357 143,568 6 6 i9,767 7,600 32 18 19 198 107 ,^2,870 13, 688 8,628 222,727 97,923 27 11 19 170 102 30, 144 11,516 8,628 208,602 96, 138 5 7 2, 726 2,072 3 4 24 16 77, 630 45,640 28 5' 14, 125 1,790 6 7 8 220 44 93 469 118 54 85 322, 491 50,062 84,818 525,888 115,649 72, 156 83,873 11 5 10 14 18 2 18 53, 000 11,700 14,969 63,996 32,918 4,200 29,747 209 39 83 465 100 62 67 269, 491 38,-362 69,849 461,892 82,731 67,956 54, 126 201 38 76 417 82 45 61 264, 526 38, 102 66,702 449,740 77,900 63,056 51,951 8 1 7 38 18 7 6 4,965 260 4,147 12, 152 4,831 4,900 2,175 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 350 78 170 378, .598 9:<.,i90 203,243 38 10 11 99,140 31,892 38,356 312 68 159 279, 458 61,704 164,887 289 65 142 269, 624 59,364 157,953 23 3 17 9,834 2, 340 6,934 17 18 19 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 2; Colorado, 2; Delaware, 1; Florida, 1; Georgii chusetts, 1; Nebraska. 1: West Virginia, 3. 1; Kansas, 2; Louisiana, 3; Maryland, 5; Massa- 424 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 10.— TINWARE— Continued. GTATE OR TERRITORY. WAGE-EARNEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent ol works. , Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. ■Wages. 1 16,919 $6,842,491 12,883 S5, 890, 264 3,480 $862,013 556 $100,214 $2,423,769 $251,696 $98, 562 CaiiJiornia ■) 987 53 3,067 281 416 6 190 103 1,758 492 450 733 287 3,288 1,726 1,082 140 33 540 1,287 478,488 28,023 1,347,331 95,666 168,189 3,718 72,498 60,048 593,400 232,793 139,991 339,666 119,692 1,375,375 605,072 461,666 66,466 9,498 197, 893 468,038 769 62 2,391 229 321 6 156 68 1,413 432 253 606 225 2,482 1,151 803 114 21 390 1,002 414,680 27,795 1,160,179 86,647 133,016 3,718 65,639 37, 549 532,858 212, 694 103,289 307,510 106, 672 1,172,390 488,986 393,601 68, 706 8,608 161,613 414,355 191 65,788 27 1 38 8,020 228 5,974 148, 146 4,118 336,849 43,836 60,371 630 22,966 33, 568 166, 196 6''., 736 65,679 101, 573 30, 374 731,790 189,945 198,231 25, 609 4,286 76, 338 119,498 34, 306 50 43,477 1,840 120 216 4,694 469 20,217 10,965 3,665 14,226 2,078 66,682 11,279 26,674 3,040 1, 140 13,819 4,810 2,948 107 24,742 2,803 1,343 38 958 1,533 9,107 5,599 3,255 3,456 1,772 12, 586 10, 333 6,619 523 320 1,708 9,812 1 4 Illinois 638 62 95 181, 178 9,009 26, 173 e; 7 S Kentucky 19 27 . 261 68 61 109 61 802 656 206 26 6 89 245 4,451 9,616 46,036 19,662 11,066 27,660 13,024 202,307 112,339 65,447 6,760 676 24,820 47,024 16 8 94 2 146 18 1 4 19 74 2,408 2,884 14, 507 437 25,647 4,496 96 678 3,748 12,718 q in 11 Massachusetts T 13 MistinnTi .... 14 New Jersey 15 16 Ohio 17 Pennsylvania 19 Tennessee 7 61 40 254 11,460 6,669 'n '1 Group 11.— TOBACCO, CHEWING AND SMOKING, AND SNUFF— Continued. United States Arizona Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky ■ Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Temiessp.e Texas Virginia Wisconsin All other states 23, 99y I $6,775,326 2 796 147 32 2,711 937 1 3,574 436 967 6, 323 1,000 428 654 11 305 1,789 1,032 275,310 61,654 8,449 760, 063 306,615 485 1,434,021 176, 366 317,513 1,* 370, 696 169,198 159,884 3,125 845,006 109, 545 666,375 12,721 $4,212,639 2 240 74 9 1,748 2J2 1 1.916 297 394 3, 416 494 125 369 4 2,302 191 878 1,032 128, 667 38,383 3,967 575, 210 138, .824 485 818,330 137,978 175, 716 816,980 191,833 76,166 109,216 1,600 587,895 76, 252 334. 105 549 59 23 725 1,446 128 561 1,773 505 286 244 1,212 133 857 82,241,081 145, 426 10,917 4,482 166,247 163,041 634,921 36,038 141,365 272,712 178, 665 79,9l2 46,438 1,350 214,947 30, 592 224, 148 238 25 213 10 2 1,134 1 17 41 1 374 11 54 $321,606 i 1,217 ! 2,354 1 4,750 80, 770 2,350 442 140,396 208 3,120 4,230 176 42,164 2,701 8,122 $38,653,794 2,170 1,853,588 95, 466 43,385 4,637,741 1,328,739 800 7,961,304 930, 491 1,642,599 9,174,247 2,381,568 511,620 781,349 6,009 3,186,481 843, 120 3,173,117 S;157, 182 300 24, 608 1,321 234 8,766 11,350 150 4,648 6,130 33, 576 1,782 11,915 4,769 4,262 72 23. 194 16,630 4,497 $281,961 7,225 350 486 18, 111 14,818 24 67,035 6,966 9,179 62,590 21,852 7,390 5,786 250 30,323 3,076 26,600 GENERAL TABLES. 425 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 10.— TIN WARK— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent ol offices, interest, etc. $2,051,611 Contract work. 110, 893 3,886 267, 264 39, 193 58,908 376 17,314 31,596 136,842 48, 172 58,759 83,566 26,524 657,093 157, 728 167,038 22,0i6 2,826 60.611 100,876 75 366 6,429 10,605 200 4,000 Aggregate. $26, 248, 253 2,097,955 2o. 639 .'5,801.414 S13,370 1,080,502 3,680 131,954 371,988 4,692,594 .596,745 399,427 774, 568 253, 862 3,801,401 1,839,953 1,093,010 162,021 26,807 705,606 1,676,777 COST (IF MATERIALS USED. Principal materials. Total. 825,790,985 2,072,691 24, 409 5, 709, 319 809,863 1,073,155 3,525 128,636 3.56,838 4,646,414 580, 438 392, 244 760,008 238, 383 3,712,771 1,813,317 1,067,628 153,990 26, 400 677, 478 1, 543, 478 Purchased in raw state. 466 Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). 2,072,691 24, 409 5,709,319 809, 863 1,073,155 3,525 128, 636 356,838 4,627,392 680, 438 392,244 760, 008 238,383 3,712,771 1, 812, 852 1, 067, 628 153, 990 26,400 677, 478 1,543,478 $344, 412 15,921 600 76, 493 3,451 7,212 50 255 14, 734 32,698 9,824 5,823 10,928 8,264 67,114 20,855 16, 870 1,186 12 26, 644 25, 478 Rent of power and heat. $43,476 6,693 '8,'664 50 60 2,253 60 4,385 4,920 200 3,035 300 1,883 1,942 380 4,325 Mill sup- pUes. 1,750 15 2,901 30 10 760 356 8,482 1,130 833 687 4,704 3,906 2,354 1,150 12 15 1,452 448 Freight. 900 616 4,697 615 433 327 2,501 12, 625 3,127 6,479 4,891 32 2,048 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. $41,892,809 3, 117, 669 69, 494 8,754,817 1, 181, 127 1,526,041 10,860 287, 691 430, 596 6,290,940 1,162,603 677, 770 1, 458, 176 496,250 6,991,752 3,271,084 2,076,798 305,073 49,744 1,135,802 2,698,632 Group 11.— TOBACCO, CHEWING ANB SMOKING, AND SNUFF Continued. $38,083,259 $31,392 $44,954,047 $44,253,102 $31,347,252 $12,905,850 !| $444,243 S2fi, 144 $37,937 $192,621 $116,767,630 1 1,645 1,821,767 93,795 42,665 4,605,481 1,302,671 626 7,889,621 918,395 1,599,784 9,088,960 2,347,801 494,847 771, 136 5,687 3,132,964 823,414 3,142,120 225 -^SfiZ 2,722 1,859,768 81,640 77,536 5,127,054 1,675,813 1,044 10,798,622 719,398 1,780,053 8, 864, 494 2,688,686 , 633, 986 ' 773,084 14,311 4,612,915 5.56,740 3,987,336 1,905 1,145,887 68, 127 58,712 3,641,189 769,825 777 8, 113, 063 368,344 1,203,767 6,367,009 2,024,671 519, 209 5^2,248 12, 863 3,374,968 486,272 2,639,426 817 713,881 13,513 18,824 1,485,865 905,988 267 2, 683, 469 351,054 576, 286 2, 497, 485 664,015 114,777 220,836 1,448 1,237,947 71,468 1,347,910 140 634 658 1,903 13,983 86,041 8,200 4,392,352 267,643 171,602 13,117,000 3,868,729 4,421 27,836,422 2,656,798 4,973,314 26,488,721 7, 247, 292 1,818,.214' 2,365,514 29,722 'lO, 662, 268 1,973,775 9,896,843 o 1.885.172 83, 125 14,7.58 667 610 63,955 16,635 8,258 161 10 187 357 1, 754 99 23 6,416 1,630 •^ 4 80,082 5,200,595 1,780,476 1,044 10, 889, 403 737,323 1,808,923 8,961,772 2,746,892 657,906 801,364 14, 361 4,686,516 668,907 4,047,324 5 5,383 6 7 8 88,405 13,796 12,097 85, 483 18,615 4,728 17, 109 2,845 1,612 1,243 7,203 768 1,686 1,062 1,631 2,474 8,144 3,516 34,626 16,604 10,004 9 44 7,386 1,076 4,197 903 105 50 532 1,886 992 10 60 20,925 11 12 13 4,624 175 14 15 16 57,922 7,527 .52,037 4,787 2,707 5,103 10,360 47 1,856 17 18 19 426 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY' Group 11.— TOBACCO, CIGARS AND CIGARETTES. (See also Tobacco, chenrlng and smoking, and snutt'; and special report on Tobacco manufactures.) STATE OR TERRITOKY. United states. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado '. . . . Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Idaho l.llinois Indian Territory Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky LfiMisiitna M;iinc M(i rylanrl Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington ^ West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Number of estab- lish- ments. 16,395 32 11 20 379 117 226 19 25 208 37 17 , 7S8 172 184 64 340 349 4 544 44 157 5 45 7 3,475 16 27 1,311 54 2,774 47 40 83 27 23 95 103 Total. 8145,135,945 128,101 78,045 23, 063 1,244,646 299, 467 1,173,806 99, 522 77,034 7,383,963 392,998 35,986 5,167,197 e,905 1,368,000 1,489,923 512,237 l,422t335 2,025,646 136, 675 5,017,841 2,342,002 2,462,314 1,461,568 6,175 1,035,807 71,124 370, 172 23,952 202,508 11,939,680 22, 245 45,760,207 4,048,017 34, 672 8, 154, 358 48, 622 123, 476 22,082,481 183,910 699,296 124,674 134,267 261,667 106,388 48, 449 12,480,175 191,806 541,970 2,072,889 27,796 Land. 84,453,980 11,997 2,100 225 43, 180 12, 640 38, 235 1,100 28, 100 134,894 1,250 1,700 552,915 1,000 115,238 81,440 24,095 149,410 19,320 3,160 80, 475 63, 406 101,547 83,010 300 68,969 6,500 31,525 3,715 169,688 1,000 1,026,935 6,300 5,100 228, 730 13,850 1 1,900 964,762 11,884 14,350 9,760 21,026 1,300 800 52,690 19,625 49,700 187,745 400 Buildings. S8, 924, 218 13,345 7,700 689 32,260 24, 550 100, 179 6,100 17,900 371,480 3,650 0,000 812,660 1,000 188,069 187, 644 81,850 79, 420 104, 135 10,250 424,241 99,965 194,996 164,168 200 125,075 12,550 44,815 12, 100 413, 393 200 1,697,983 16,360 9,060 439, 115 7,120 8,250 2,240,682 28,960 8,225 22, 400 54,860 1,800 3,000 502, 374 24,960 85, 375 332,650 1,500 Machinery, tools, and implements. 1,282 3,301 2,017 1,121 53, 757 14,949 28, 792 2,575 1,960 137, 579 22,301 2,216 196, 244 893 54,911 63, 592 26,236 48, 465 78, 384 10, 424 359, 147 96,583 128, 340 66, 361 425 37,261 4,205 16,746 200 5,031 733,684 720 1,823,636 173, 631 2,035 351,176 3,066 11,948 1,033,877 6,439 90,663 ' 7,704 4,724 12,286 3,845 2,343 846,968 9,435 13,900 77,652 1,545 Cash and sun- dries. ?126,092,465 99, 468 66, 228 21,018 1,116,448 247, 328 1,006.600 90,747 29,074 6,740,010 365, 797 26,071 3, 596, 378 4,012 1,009,782 1,157,247 380, 056 1,146,040 1,823,806 112,841 4,153,978 2,082,058 2,037,431 1,158,029 5,260 804,502 47, 869 277,086 23, 752 181,662 10,622,915 20, 325 41,311,663 3,851,736 18, 487 7,135,337 24,596 96, 378 17,843,160 136,637 608,633 94, 395 97,393 173, 396 99, 443 42,306 11,078,143 137,786 392,995 1,474,842 24, 351 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 325 Total horse- power. 1,862 22 24 1,405 161 535 3 1,327 3 44 1 Includes 1 establishment in Alaska. GENERAL TABLES. 427 STATES AND TERRITORIES; 190.5— Continued. Group 11.— TOBACCO, i'lGAKS A1M> CKiARETTES. (See also Tobacco, cliewing and sinokln1 5 8 i 7,500 li,564 6 1 7,500 900 23 7 5,664 6 5,300 1 364 23 Group 14 TOYS AND «AMES. 329 §366,376 28 25,717 22 21,034 19 15,562 1 1,300 53 61,505 $128,943 19,317 1,170 4,288 10,665 16,216 47,873 22,401 6,636 14,154 9,590 6,270 8,390 1,300 23,880 3,504 3,000 3,315 34,100 6,000 21,200 7,294 4,100 $237,433 16,127 14,764 7,162 38,625 15,813 1,170 2,288 8,350 65,649 9,315 26,673 15,107 6,536 10,054 $214,863 14,487 11,278 4,910 35,723 15,245 1,170 1,508 6,552 63,829 7,635 22,448 14,782 6,172 9,124 53 822,570 1,640 3,486 2,252 2,902 668 780 1,798 1,720 1,580 4,225 326 364 930 5,925 382 243 28 323 64 115 223 1,060 547 873 369 183 381 303 2 82 3 198 4 13 5 396 6 51 7 31 H 37 9 99 10 604 11 228 12 ,533 13 17H 14 114 15 313 16 ^Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 2; Iowa, 1; Kansas,!; Maine, 2; Mirmesota, 2; Rhode Island, 1. 4:32 MANUFACTURES. /Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 3 TOOLS, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED— Continued. STATE OR TERRITORY. WAGE-EAENERS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Ctiildren under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States. 11,643 $6,048,687 10,977 85,874,995 485 J129,094 181 .544,498 32,350,253 8124,518 $117,477 12 2 1,188 454 346 126 12 54 3,057 300 16 192 98 666 1,009 1,5.53 2,169 85 133 3 70 99 6,938 1,500 638, 146 262,748 153,083 67,780 4,550 28,864 1,678,460 125,143 10, 143 116,581 44,699 398,666 ,529,876 724,169 1,071,138 42, 540 63,991 1,669 34,969 52,954 12 2 1,087 439 340 101 12 54 2,882 228 16 179 78 636 966 1,486 2,086 82 129 3 68 92 6,938 1,500 610,319 249,272 161,703 62,240 4,5.50 28,854 1,627,297 110,801 10, 143 112,321 37,462 390,862 618,292 710,337 1,050,700 42,171 61,991 1,669 33,969 51,614 3,364 '574 396,335 80,990 57,770 33,340 2,481 16,915 618,566 67,123 3,318 40,762 7,876 107,870 187,815 249, 129 415,264 12,424 17,474 295 13,379 17, 190 1,166 248 6,348 11,377 1,090 920 324 1,041 19,731 4,980 506 2,928 200 9,699 32,926 9,736 15,684 1,866 810 50 1,136 1,864 79 26 10,625 2,235 1,594 1,230 70 609 60,784 2,320 527 1,772 638 3,493 4,460 14,148 10,369 304 1,244 70 497 393 ■^ 4 Connecticut 46 •12 12,342 2, 758 55 3 6 3 15,485 718 1,380 540 5 6 7 Iowa 21 5,000 8 Maine in 164 72 48, 792 14,342 11 2,371 n 19 n 13 1 8 8 10 56 2 4,260 50 2,373 1,864 1,484 12,802 281 14 19 22 35 58 27 1 4 7,187 5,441 9,720 12,338 7,636 88 2,000 15 New Jersey 16 New York 17 Ohio IS Pennsylvania 19 "rf' Vermont •>! 90 2 2 1,000 450 *^S 6 890 Group 14.— TOYS AND GAMES— Continued. United States Connecticut Illinois Indiana Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Hampshire. . . New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Vermont Wisconsin Ail other states 81,614,706 266 149 232 16 656 169 10 65 148 379 696 283 139 296 95,654 66,796 81,178 6,413 251,568 69,651 4,295 26, 194 43, 799 323,813 126,572 230, 660 119,303 43,925 124,995 3,006 182 79 184 13 485 144 6 42 75 511 265 485 227 117 191 $1,277,! 75,826 47,731 71,457 5,753 197,540 64,076 3,120 20,457 28, 641 237,561 99,665 187,386 101,197 40,406 97,286 54 67 1 1 149 17 1 16 65 299 $280,583 13,334 18, 240 62 478 61,736 4,299 151 4,797 13,746 84,638 26,282 18,829 16,640 3,010 26,441 325 6 143 12 5 13 $66,133 6,494 825 9,659 182 2,292 1,276 1,024 940 1,512 1,724 625 24,336 2,466 510 2,269 S659, 543 33,060 44,633 26,530 2,708 55,171 68, 706 4,371 4,383 16,684 164,895 26,678 71,577 6,966 27, 384 16,907 $67,285 2,870 5,122 712 1,122 9,931 2,072 437 3,416 22,368 2,722 3,812 370 1,399 302 2,083 24 4,168 3,217 248 444 310 5,167 1,310 1,661 1,273 1,327 1,764 GENERAL TABLES. 433 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 3.— TOOIiS, NOT EI^SEWHEIRE SPECIFIED— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom worlc and repairing. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. PrincipOil materials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. IMill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). $1,920,023 S1S8,235 S7, 249,. 507 ,50,518,702 S59,850 SO, 458, 852 $428,437 551,961 $168,322 $82,145 820,407,372 1 2,120 300 211,443 66,324 55,086 31,190 2,087 15,166 537,200 59,223 2,285 33,812 6,687 94,428 139,863 222,886 387,721 10,254 16,216 175 11,626 14,933 10,336 1,612 716, S4S 38S.720 275,130 153,296 8,610 1,330 647,175 368,727 256,946 135,470 3,415 42,683 1,598,328 184,936 9,906 179,648 22,636 354,924 477,265 676,867 1,348,580 13,336 50,720 2,464 71,870 62,976 8,510 1,330 633,499 368,362 254,092 135,470 2,915 38,083 1,686,917 184,936 9,906 179,648 22,636 354,835 464,765 669,457 1,342,655 13,336 50,220 2,464 71,850 62,976 1,397 252 34,064 8,434 13,874 9,478 268 3,425 82,538 9,794 722 10,682 693 25, 132 21,011 108,398 91,025 385 2,362 360 664 3,519 213 30 1,391 7,624 1,080 157 50 2,200 8,106 2,077 524 1,046 300 6,143 8,760 2,232 5,776 2,536 1,004 120 300 393 116 100 32,123 7,666 2,168,295 1,028,971 529,975 367,040 15,900 131,424 6,648,222 6,52,722 38,748 408,835 96,459 1,164,909 1,630,001 2,294,398 3,701,622 101,431 171,000 12,782 136,925 168,124 2 3 167,919 1,054 13,676 375 2,854 31,523 2,676 2,992 516 17 558 50,570 6,512 36 1,107 276 11,152 6,867 26,524 23,704 249 1,465 35 1,081 357 2,705 1,368 238, 7,676 130 1,250 22,338 1,529 40 601 47 1,061 8,313 19,6Bl 13,570 85 1,000 25 2 506 4 5 6 7 3,870 500 4,600 11,411 S 111(1 S51 6C0 60,116 1,761,880 ; 204,848 11,228 192,984 23,952 398,412 522,206 833,672 1,482,665 16,590 56,541 3,004 73,907 67,751 9 10 11 12 2,250 350 250 10,666 2,360 1,600 13 14 89 12,500 7,400 5,925 15 16 17 18 19 205 500 20 31 120 10 20 22 ?.3 1 (iroup 14.— TOVS ANB WAJTIES— Continued. $427,691 $49,880 $2,289,439 $2,184,922 $16,662 82,168,270 $53,351 $5,097 $15,556 830,614 85,577,693 1 18,464 24,323 16,085 1,462 40,863 53,417 3,414 3,114 12,739 128,623 22,646 59,284 4,313 26,057 12,887 10,327 14,886 7,650 100 219 272' 750 119 8,737 134,469 104,870 117,412 6,454 325,020 81,328 2,406 52,867 73,786 808,051 131,764 218,741 107,682 45,367 79,232 130,019 97,356 114,977 5,986 312,391 69,561 2,145 51,. 500 69,316 777,030 126,770 206,066 104,081 40,879 76,856 130,019 96,855 114,977 5,986 312,391 63,461 2,145 61,500 68,236 777,030 126,770 206,066 101,081 36,907 76,856 2,800 6,265 965 92 6,077 6,050 241 971 2,592 13,968 3,296 7,903 1,740 1,416 997 324 404 626 606 1,180 5 2,650 4,385 10 208 520 954 787 2,416 861 101 448 790 360 300 350 4,127 2,342 10 10 986 14,295 380 2,256 1,000 2,972 346 257,057 269,477 284,430 24,856 838,636 252,754 14,977 97,058 201,363 1,644,382 353,060 630,479 306,569 132,260 271,345 2 1,600 3 4 21 775 6 6 6,100 7 8 180 372 1,804 632 100 9 1,080 10 11 12 6,820 13 3,000 4,972 14 15 686 16 -PT 1—07- -28 434 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Oroup 14.— TRIINKS AND VAI,ISES. (See also £.eatliei- goods.) STATE OR TERRITORY. United States California Colorado Connecticut Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massac tiusetts MicMgan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New Yorlc Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia Washington Wisconsin All other states i . . . Number of estab- lish- ments. 373 Total. Sll,«18,937 386,347 58,345 13,800 108,224 733,939 23,142 85,670 29,600 144,840 63,045 419,786 87, 136 318,654 173,892 115,508 602,319 857,750 1,410,209 324,058 17,900 844,432 174,701 71,691 21,786 1,152,206 47,694 2,671,097 171,167 Land. $684,359 43,700 2,000 6,000 3,600 4,600 6,689 4,000 9,740 9,902 3,600 15,600 50,400 10,800 10,319 34,000 3,500 250,665 80,500 Machinery, Buildings. tools, and implements. $1,017,833 46,600 2,000 149,000 2,600 3,500 5,000 16,700 40,299 6,000 21,465 18,000 15,000 12,500 64,600 41,800 18,520 66,924 20,000 121,515 335,510 21,600 Cash and sun- dries. $1,144,769 44,201 2,845 2,500 13,567 94, 132 1,800 1,760 2,800 11,473 3,608 126,469 7,900 14,615 8,549 6,647 35,406 164,100 164,149 24,881 1,200 139,923 16,075 14, 167 1,725 '93,186 3,032 142,373 11,697 $8,171,976 251,946 51,500 11,300 94,657 399,307 18,042 74, 420 18, 300 112,167 49, 437 246,328 69,236 272,834 137,441 90,361 638,913 598,650 1,193,460 270,338 16,700 604,585 135,126 57,524 20,061 894,662 44,662 1,842,549 57,470 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 164 Total horse- power. 128 2 3 125 617 25 6 16 97 32 736 59 64 105 22 350 336 323 123 289 104 41 612 3 1,095 65 Group 8.— TURPENTllVE AND KOSIN. (See also special report on Turpentine and rosin.) 1 United States 1,287 144 406 432 15 124 87 79 $6,961,185 767,048 2,939,276 2,373,880 75,570 598,146 116,629 91,637 $183,548 $926,360 $1,743,778 $4,107,509 182 1,175 Alabama 13,160 63,253 46,229 22,820 30,295 4,133 3,668 88,705 443,185 251,950 4,800 118,595 11,635 7,480 218,860 663,681 636,505 14,290 134,252 36,200 39,990 446,333 1,769,156 1,439,196 33,660 315,004 63,661 40,499 27 32 61 161 349 362 3 4 Georgia 6 Louisiana 6 Mississippi 59 1 2 300 4 9 7 R 'Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 2; Arizona, 1; Arkansas, 2; Districtof Columbia, 1; Montana, 1; Nebraska 2- NewHamnshire 2- North Dakota, 2; Oklahoma, 1; Hhode Island, 1; South Dakota, 2. ' '■ ^ ' ' GENERAL TABLES. 485 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued. Group 1-1.— TKUNKS AND VAI,ISES. (See also Leallicr goods.) 1 Proprie- tors and SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. — AV AGE-EARNERS. Onicersofcorporatioii.s- General superintendents, managers, clerks, I'tc Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. mem- bers, j Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Niimltcr. Salaries. Number. Salaries . Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 8,51,328 406 961 1 51,010,971 129 S270,04.-> s:i2 .S740,92(; 721 S680,.5yS 111 10,487 7,660 1 21 1 14 7 ! 4 4 1 16,076 4,200 7Sn 1 1,200 13 4 1 15 59 3 1 14,876 4,200 780 13,900 65,406 1,625 1,200 12 4 1 14 53 2 1 14,516 4,200 780 13,300 62,168 1,425 1,200 1 360 229 40 21 200 1,166 28 16 13 182 78 304 139 324 234 85 591 669 1,822 354 35 665 440 95 24 1,239 35 1,306 153 189 36 2 3 13 1 4 4 , 20 ; 21,600 22 ; 69 102,206 8 ii 3 1 1,625 5 : 1 1 1.200 5 10 7,700 36,800 1 6. 1 600 3,238 200 98 864 25 13 5 6 7 H 6 : ' ■ 11 i 9 8 13 14,694 13 13 25 13 52 18 14 64 76 124 42 14,694 7,072 23,950 8,824 34,005 15,074 9,053 51,399 81,448 91,199 36,1.58 10 10 20 11 47 14 11 57 66 106 34 13,574 5,672 20,936 7,824 31,561 12,638 8,053 46,721 76,826 83,397 32,795 3 3 6 2 5 4 3 7 10 18 8 1,120 1,400 3,014 1,000 2,444 2,436 1,000 4,678 4,622 7,802 3,363 87 1 10 4 4 ^ V 8 20 17 107 24 6 51 4 7 5 3 6 6 17 19 33 15 60 23 16 71 SO i:i3 4S 1 71 25 5 3 89 4 129 11 18,172 31,400 12,824 44,112 27,674 11,1.53 67,375 98,498 118,399 42,168 1,800 55,960 25,905 5,280 6 8 2 8 5 2 7 4 9 6 1 14 11 4 11,100 7,450 4,000 10, 107 12,600 2,100 15,976 17,050 27,200 6,010 1,800 19,522 14,800 4,800 54 196 91 160 81 66 385 449 1,305 289 19 656 219 47 21 1,1.52 26 1,108 111 11 12 13 14 16 16 17 1.8 19 20 21 57 M 1 3 79 1 116 11 36,438 11,105 480 1,428 66,654 1,100 137,626 11,232 49 13 33,048 10,685 g 1 1 1 9 3,390 420 480 360 3,670 22 23 24 1.428 2 70 1 102 11 1,068 62,984 1,100 131,895 11,232 25 90,084 3,270 181,856 11,232 10 3 13 23,430 2,170 44,230 26 27 14 5,731 28 29 Group 8.— TURPENTINE AND ROSIN. (See also special report on Turpentine and rosin.) 1,997 2,147! SI, 152, 222 47 $49,740 2,100 $1,102,482 2,098 $1,101,982 2 $500 44,232 28,704 1 229 668 707 13 183 110 87 194 i 1,073 627 20 220 4 9 99,234 673,538 314,738 12,320 146,592 2,700 4,100 3 31 11 1,960 36,080 8,200 191 1,042 616 20 218 4 9 97,274 537,458 306,538 12,320 142,092 2,700 4,100 190 1,042 616 20 218 3 9 97,074 537,458 306,538 12,320 142,092 2,400 4,100 1 200 3,773 20,795 15,731 414 2,929 305 285 2,436 12,178 10,891 194 2,635 166 206 2 3 4 5 2 3,500 6 r 300 7 1 8 1 436 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY aroup 14.— XRUnrKS ANB VALiISES— Continued. STATE OR TEKBITOHY. United states California Colorado Connecticut Georgia , Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio O regon Pennsylvania Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia , Washington Wisconsin All other states "WAGE-EARNEES AND WAGES. Total. Average number. 9,091 210 34 10 159 986 27 15 12 141 255 110 266 182 71 487 600 1,.560 312 26 612 296' 61 23 1,196 29 1,217 127 Wages. S4, 139,034 126,627 23, 156 3,908 49, 270 507, 400 12,240 7,516 5,772 .59,494 26, 155 115,247 33,099 130, 705 121,625 36,099 245, 200 347,335 773, 566 142, 308 14,800 275, 703 95,413 25, 266 9,459 425,863 18,470 458,322 49,016 Men 16 years and over. Average number. 8,009 183 34 8 145 834 25 15 11 107 226 101 215 1,56 71 439 571 1,465 257 18 581 272 59 17 1,090 28 923 Wages. $3,862,972 118,097 23, 156 3,008 45, 1.54 466,099 11,908 7,516 5,200 52,230 24,869 107, 461 31,311 117,413 110,736 36,099 229, 121 338,948 741,936 128,896 11, 580 267,207 91,604 24,966 8,220 406, 191 18, 270 392, 622 43, 265 Women 16 years and over. Average number. 2 14 102 54 1 239 28 Wages. $229, 121 7,896 900 4,116 29,569 572 4,619 620 7,786 831 12,436 8,241 16, 179 7,960 29,846 12,758 3,220 6,602 1,906 620 12,967 200 64,587 6,669 Children under 16 years. Average number. 62 Wages. $46,941 635 2,645 776 967 856 2,648 900 427 1,785 664 1,894 1,903 300 719 6,706 11,213 182 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. $1,782,559 34,410 11,750 999 25,307 173,779 4,208 3,136 3,054 36,037 13,068 44, 718 10, 131 64,966 48, 199 20,720 172,872 114,228 287, 398 72,926 7,733 141,264 37, 124 21,444 5,641 180,458 13,839 211, ,546 22, 614 Rent of works. $374, 272 9,636 4,168 630 6,436 21,632 1,180 1,400 1,320 6,380 6,210 2,640 6,616 12, 165 8,000 6,206 60,664 21,521 102,468 18, 177 6,072 26,630 9,356 8,400 3,530 1,127 8,760 7,970 8,291 Taxes, not Including internal revenue. $48,991 1,218 496 6 833 5,465 202 351 434 723 461 1,227 361 2,200 3,026 465 2,717 3,850 3,185 982 195 1,467 813 430 346 6,439 364 9,689 1,186 «roni> 8.— TURPENTINE ANn ROSIN— Continued. 1 United States Alabama 33,382 $8, 382, 700 33, 237 $8,365,468 16 S2, 210 129 $15,022 $1,639,014 $8,353 $54, 149 2 2,919 15, 541 11,736 236 2,633 148 169 745,283 3 713, 584 3,041,498 69,615 737,008 38,700 37,012 2,913 15,4,38 11,711 231 2,628 148 168 744,618 3,701,572 3,038,166 69,065 736,485 38, 700 36,862 6 8 1 1 666 1,246 200 100 162, 132 657,976 693,056 23,632 177,611 8,729 15,878 3,579 665 2,623 6,473 18,923 22,073 357 4,793 779 751 3 4 Florida Georgia 95 24 4 5 10, 767 3,132 450 523 Louisiana 6 Mississippi 347 914 225 7 8 South Carolina 1 150 GENERAL TABLES. 437 STATES AND TERRITORIES; 1905— Continued. . Group 14.— TKHIVKS AND VAI.ISES— ContiBued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent of offices, interest, etc. .?1, 350, 961 Contract work. 23,557 7,086 463 18,038 146,792 2,706 1,385 1,300 27,934 6,407 40,851 3,965 50,591 37,173 15,050 109,601 88,857 180,610 53,767 1,466 114,167 26,955 12,614 1,765 172,892 4,725 193,987 $8,335 COST OF MATERIALS USED. Aggregate. 89,107,785 6,880 175,249 24,325 7,959 104,517 858,699 20,535 8,769 9,240 167,091 28,720 220,943 58,234 396,387 ■ 230,367 57,072 464,846 695,704 2,012,511 237,238 16,760 678,344 153,366 37,889 14,035 918,471 27, 172 1,438,614 54,728 Principal materials. Total. ruTCliasod in raw state. 168, 5US 21,996 7,751 98,919 836,506 20,315 8,342 8,375 160,469 28,200 206,578 56,908 393,802 224,280 54, 176 441,910 685,866 1,987,972 231,247 16,220 668,588 147,256 35,026 13,675 889,697 26, 785 1,411,680 51,683 Purcliased in partially manufactured form, (includ- ing "all other materials ")■ 58,9(12,728 168,508 21,996 7,761 98,919 836,506 20,315 8,342 8,376 160,469 28,200 206,578 56,908 393,802 224,280 54, 176 441,910 686,866 1,987,972 231,247 16,220 668,688 147,266 36,026 13,676 889,697 26,786 1,411,680 61,683 Fuel. $68,625 1,014 76 7 260 4,294 150 122 230 2,047 13,313 511 966 1,550 440 5,642 6,834 9,983 1,540 100 4,778 1,186 126 10 2,115 110 11,056 1,078 Rent of power and heat. 123,892 1,597 240 36 575 2,717 60 180 60 520 660 50 1,100 889 1,080 1,359 230 4,033 1,273 1,169 1,504 1,530 50 1,460 72 656 772 Mill sup- plies. 510,573 640 6 31 127 752 10 25 402 27 23 687 5 662 654 1,925 167 90 672 117 101 1,801 346 Freight. 3,490 • 2,010 134 4,646 14,430 100 575 4,427 738 496 2,961 1,371 6,273 3,120 8,598 3,011 320 3,137 3,304 1,107 300 24,042 206 13,422 860 Value of products, in- eluding cus- tom work and repairing. S18,li43,.5Sll 435,604 89,656 16,819 255,007 1,996,611 47,900 25,694 23,676 320,069 87,077 620,048 162,020 721,018 439,444 146,606 1,057,440 1,613,945 3,711,486 623,495 62,060 1,295,230 377,036 113,072 42,300 1,747,161 86,922 2,661,060 176,326 Group 8 TURPENTINE ANI> BOSIN— Continued. .«1, 624,669 851,843 83,774,637 83,692,754 82,463,089 81,229,665 873,187 S3, 027 85,669 823,937,024 1 131,178 631,896 549,640 23,275 168,081 7,036 13,563 20,902 l'.,492 IS, 720 511,467 724,664 1,156,009 37,295 393,791 577,853 373,568 500,301 711,824 1,130,040 36,945 378,268 567,187 368,189 338,093 416,671 572,316 22,050 260,874 520, 140 332,945 162,208 295, 153 557,724 14,895 117,394 47,047 35,244 8,788 10,140 24,120 360 14,681 9,934 6,274 1,.5.53 644 653 825 2,146 1,296 2,434,365 9,901,905 7,705,643 211,820 2,365,720 743,421 674, 160 1 4 ^ 1 4,390 m 100 105 770 632 6 7 i,339 R 438 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 10.— TYPE FOUNDING. (See also Stereotyping and electrotyping.) STATE OB TEKKITOBY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. rOWEK. Total. Land. Buildings. Maclilnery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 21 $4,916,723 $61,328 $150,000 $1,882,335 $2,833,060 18 1,382 •>. 4 3 3 4 7 97, 566 1, 848, 368 615,038 369,819 1, 985, 942 51, 298 472,666 331,864 109,390 917, 127 48, 268 1,375,692 283, 184 260, 429 867, 487 3 2 3 3 7 12 379 168 37 786 3 4 Missouri 6 6 51,328 160,000 Group 3 TYPEWRIXEKS ANB SITPPI.IES. 1 United States 66 $16,641,892 $498, 413 $1,646,272 $3,192,887 $11,305,320 62 6,447 Connecticut 9 6 12 3 31 6 9 2, 290, 625 1, 875, 959 318,230 9,959,071 430,289 1, 767, 718 227, 679 6,900 20,000 216, 852 140, 223 68,096 60, 000 1,243,692 38, 176 106,086 811,786 326,048 82,000 1,401,372 140,379 431,303 1,111,038 1,475,916 166, 230 7,098,165 251, 735 1, 202, 247 6 11 2 29 5 9 1,184 667 341 2,464 182 629 3 4 New .Jersey 5 6 Pennsylvania - All other states 2 7 29, 082 Group 14 XIITIBREIiLAS AINU CANES. United States. Connecticut Illinois Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Jersey I^ew York Ohio.., Oregon Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states ^ 204 $8,951,442 3 4 9 5 5 12,350 31, 100 467, 987 180, 226 89,333 3 6 09 12 110,961 54, 4.50 1, 272, 338 602, 497 4 37 3 14 32,692 6,080,897 27,400 89, 311 $857, 576 2,000" 12,000 1,000 3,000 >,276 300 ;,ooo 81,009,294 1,000 14,000 600 21,119 956,975 4,500 200 $1, 890, 814 6,650 8,260 16, 487 17, 609 2,145 2,350 7,210 167, 276 68, 628 850 1,584,924 1,325 8,211 6,700 22, 850 414, 500 162, 617 87,188 105, 611 21,240 1,103,663 409, 860 31,742 2, 733, 722 21,275 72, 900 83 11 14 5 47 245 122 1 2,084 14 81 Group 3.— tJPHOl.S'rEItING MATERIAlrS. (See also Woolen goods; AVorsted goods; and speelal rei>ort on Wool manufactures.) United States. California- . . Connecticut - Florida Illinois Indiana lOWil Kentucky. . . Maryland Massachusetts, . Michigan Minnesnta Missouri NVw IlaTniJshirc. New .Tprspy New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania . . . Rhode Island. . . Tennessee Virginia Wisconsin All other states *' 89, 293, 120 87,884 240, 654 33, 660 611,471 52, 654 118,697 93, 628 103, 210 820, 3.30 217,714 121,205 98, 661 72, 490 169,888 967, 787 1,093,814 638, 560 49,300 2,393,747 578, 107 42, 877 163, 122 283, 684 344,076 $674,919 19,000 16, 500 6,600 32,000 1,400 6,642 14,000 20, 700 21,000 18,000 3,700 3,400 6,800 27, 100 118,007 60,426 62, 960 500 129, 9.50 25,000 1,700 6,850 20, 1.50 65, .535 $1, 325, 6811 12, 400 35,500 5,676 92, 254 (;, 6.50 52, 308 22, 500 16,000 34,000 47.021 21,642 60, 400 12, 701 26, 700 107, 21 » 143,700 129, 852 6,400 222, 121 100,000 3,800 19, 375 79, 743 68, 775 $2, 599, 733 16,040 95, 812 11, ,5.50 192, 005 18, 336 36,061 13, 380 21,3,50 27, 360 44, 833 30,041 21,749 30, 091 35,022 215, 326 316,958 106, 397 9, .500 889, 661 180, 190 19, .500 70, 938 97, 435 100, 218 $4, 692, 882 40, 444 92, 842 10, 935 196,212 26,3118 24, 696 43, 748 45, 160 743, 980 107, 860 65, 822 13,112 22, ,S9S 81,0(111 .527, 185 572,731 349,361 33,900 1,152,016 272,917 17, .877 5(1, 9.59 .8(1, 2.5(1 109,648 218 15,898 6 101 3 230 4 83 10 1,131 4 355 9 576 2 140 11 409 6 646 , 8 683 7 700 8 336 7 447 9 858 10 818 29 1,151 10 912 3 90 21 1,432 4 271- 4 202 10 1,040 15 1,605 18 1,783 Group 8.— VARNISHES. (Sec also Paints; and special report on Clieinioals.) 1 I United States j 2 I California 3 I Connecticut 4 I Illinois 5 I Indiana 6 j Kentucky 7 i Massachusetts 8 j Michigan 9 Missouri 10 ■ New .lerscy - 11 New York 12 Ohio Vi 1 Pennsylvania 14 i All other states^. . . 90 $19, 702, 955 $1,403,641 $2,(151,344 $1,649,785 $13,998,185 107 4,030 4 10 24 6 3 177, 1.50 368, 956 3,511,836 406, 691 261, 887 15,000 20,200 348, 676 30, 157 6,504 10,500 47; 709 578, 101 104,326 39, 908 7,100 39,718 296, 283 36,003 15, 762 144, 550 2(11,328 2,289,7711 235, 1011 199,713 1 6 20 4 2 6 170 704 136 100 10 6 10 22 232,320 2,061,446 209, 602 3, 415, 805 3,800 38, ,380 17,000 247,672 27,997 297,836 11,000 535, .597 19, 486 112,186 23,041 337^428 181,037 1,013,046 158, 461 2, 295, 108 5 2 2 12 122 230 65 626 39 5, 164, 246 1, 809, 647 1,902,714 131,9.57 3(19, 442 97, 31 IS 2(X),942 .8..'>l)ll .591,381 221,5,56 1(14,085 21,3.50 390, 133 148, 146 212, (i3S 12,S(12 3,803,290 1,342,477 1,385,049 89, 245 23 13 14 3 839 213 768 64 1 Includes f.stalilishments di.striliiitcd as follows: Maryland. 1; Mass((chusptts, 2; N'r« Jersey, 1- Ohio 1- Pennsylvania 2Includespstiililishmcnts distributed as follows: low.a. 1; Massachii.spit.s, 2; Michigan, 1; Missouri 1- Ohio 3- Wisconsin 3 Includes pstablishnipnts distributed as follows: Calitonii,,, 2; Georgia, 1; Iowa, 1; Kentucky, 2; Louisiana, 2- Montana' 1- Virginia, 1; Wa.shiiigtnn. 2. , , , . 1. South Carolina, 1; Tennessee, 1; GENERAL TABLES. STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued. Ciroup 10.— TYPE FOUNDING. (See also StereotypIiiK antl eleetrotyplii;;.) 439 Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLKKKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNEKS. Aggregate. OlTieorsorcorporution.s, OciUTMl.SIip ■ruU.cnilcni.s, fiiuiiji^^^iTs, clerks, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing tlie year. Nilinhcr. rotal. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. S279,779 Number. Sill;iries. $40,520 Salaries. Number. Sjiliincs. | Number. Salaries. II 218 1 S220,9(i4 44 ' $18,295 14 274 12 262 1239,2.59 1,694 1,007 1 4 G 95 44 23 106 4,185 93,034 42,716 26, 100 113,744 I 3 1 3 900 20, .500 14,500 1,500 3,120 5 91 41 22 103 3,285 72,534 2,S,216 24,600 110,624 4 ' 3,010 i 1 90 72,014 1 1 29 24,016 12 275 520 4,200 2,184 11,116 33 417 282 104 868 26 191 227 93 470 2 3 1 7 19 ! 22,416 76 99,608 3 27 6 6 Group S.-TYPEWRITERS AND StIPPlilES. 29 ii 1] 1,248 SI, 246, 129 74 $200,130 1,174 $1,045,999 '861 $897,968 313 S14S,041 7,262 5,306 1 104 580 32 ! 376 20 136 131,760 502,161 26,502 463,332 21,963 100,421 6 11 9 38 3 8 20,056 36,350 5,638 122,396 4,000 11,692 99 569 23 338 17 128 111,706 466,811 20,864 340,937 17,953 88,729 67 441 255 11 65 96,528 402,177 20,240 297,260 15,144 66,619 32 128 1 83 6 63 16,177 63,634 624 43,687 2,809 22,110 1,843 931 148 3,285 208 837 1,249 745 117 2,532 167 496 9 12 3 4 5 6 7 Group 14 ITJT1URE1.L.AS AND CANES. 242 527 ?473,S7S 53 S93, 443 474 $380,435 372 $334, 796 102 $45,639 6,326 4,399 1 6 1 j 28 34 402 137 82 48 165 1,830 375 8 3,060 47 110 18 29 315 68 28 26 87 1,190 195 8 2,310 42 83 n 2 ti 14 1. 6 1' 6 ' 136 i 9 ; 4!' 37 1 66 32 12 13 6 192 80 1 110 3 12 226 40,153 29,394 11,835 7,243 4,120 158,943 75,933 1,040 131,112 2,820 11,060 1 225 j 2 65 29 9 13 6 LSI 73 1 87 1 9 40,153 26,701 8,836 7,243 4,120 138,323 67,793 1,040 79,747 420 6,060 43 24 9 11 3 153 53 1 68 .33,279 24,392 8, 835 6,411 2,920 122,364 60,496 1,040 70,259 22 5 6,874 2,309 ^ 3 3 2,693 3,000 5 2 3 28 20 832 1,200 16,959 7,297 11 7 20,620 8,140 9 10 11 23 3 51,365 2,400 5,000 19 1 9,488 420 1,260 12 1^ 14 7 4,800 14 Group 3 liPHOIiSTERING OTAXERIAIiS. (See also Wooleil goods; Worsted goods; and special report on Wool manufactures.) j 244 449 S.523,968 5 2 o 3 3 5 19 4 3 4,420 20,912 2,100 100,^398 2,868 6 3 13 6 11 10 3 7 26 5 4,840 2,460 5,290 44,700 7,085 6 8 11 10 .3 7 1 36 6,751 2,100 4,670 700 46,606 48 12 3 37 3 77 28 3 72 26 89,. 596 42,100 2,220 76,424 19,081 4 14 12 12 5 5 14 16 4,780 3,760 11,262 20,945 60 8126,874 U 17,73S 2,400 2 1 500 1,000 4 18,000 5 ! 2 1 5,140 1,.500 1,250 4 10,300 3 7 1 3 2 17,000 21, .500 780 3,640 800 2 2,700 2 6 2,400 12,360 $399,094 4,420 13,046 2,100 82,660 468 4,340 1,460 5,290 26, 700 7,085 1,611 600 3,420 700 36,206 72,696 20,600 1,440 72,784 18,281 2,080 3,760 8,862 8,685 326 $363,613 4,420 11,122 1,860 74,878 4,340 1,460 5,290 26,700 6,736 1,611 600 3,420 700 34,802 61,543 17,600 68,676 15,749 1,600 3,760 8,602 8,345 835,481 1,924 240 7,782 1,404 11,053 3,000 1,440 4,208 2,532 360 240 5,850 41 153 47 781 46 103 104 159 718 199 101 94 69 117 360 822 290 26 777 172 35 165 208 283 4,235 31 2 88 3 26 4 670 6 37 6 49 7 49 8 94 9 553 10 114 11 ■JO 12 34 13 27 14 80 16 284 16 519 17 206 18 19 19 639 20 137 21 30 oo 130 23 1.54 24 193 25 Group 8.— VARNISHES. (See also Faints; and special report on Chemicals.) Ill 3 6 9 1,364 1 24 262 39 23 33 102 10 323 298 135 101 13 $2,023,162 1,500 44,200 371,174 53,213 16,774 48,636 78,203 19, 192 490,258 604, 453 210,699 171,696 13,264 1,163 $1,373,304 6 10,700 27 82,780 14 19,800 1 2,400 12 30,000 11 26,160 5 14,000 26 99,600 42 177,146 37 124,940 16 54,. 3.32 5 8,000 1 1,500 18 33,. 500 235 288, 394 26 33,413 22 14,374 21 18,536 91 52,043 5 6,192 297 390,658 266 327,307 98 86,759 86 117,364 8 5,264 905 .?1, 2,52, 909 25S S120,.395 1 1,500 32,800 17 1 700 195 266,085 40 22,309 24 33,049 1 .364 16 11,774 6 2,600 IS 17,172 3 1,364 50 37,951 41 14,092 4 4,812 1 380 242 365,309 55 25,349 198 297,058 58 30,249 65 73,821 33 11,938 69 107,094 17 10,270 fi 4.484 2 780 2,009 20 68 271 52 59 52 162 44 181 32 16 ■?, 39 3 233 4 35 5 52 6 41 7 139 8 32 9 286 10 495 11 160 12 175 13 21 14 * Includes estabiisliments distributed as follows: Alabama, 2; Arkansas, 1; Delaware, 1; Georgia, 2; Kansas, 2; Maine, 2; Mississippi, 2; North Carolina, 1; NorthDakota, 2; South Carolina. 1; Vermont, 1; Washington, 2; West yirgima.l. , „^ , t , a , ^r- ■ ■ i w ■ , 5 Includes establishments distributed as.follows: Louisiana, 1; Maryland, 2; Minnesota, 1; Rhode Island, 1; Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 1. 440 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group lO XyPE FOUNDING— Continued. STATE OE TEEEITOEY. WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Eent of works. Taxes, not including internar revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States 1,446 $883,595 1,052 8774,649 318 $97,327 76 $11,619 $309,952 $75,300 $12,743 ■> 30 347 252 99 718 21,628 227,766 121,430 59,106 453,665 22 264 150 70 546 19, 328 198,421 95,468 50,871 410,561 8 81 79 28 122 2,300 28,929 23,345 8,024 34,729 4,846 120,158 42,194 32,002 110,752 1,860 23,394 8,800 15,250 25,996 201 4,313 1,109 529 6,591 3 4 5 Illinois Missouri '. New York 2 23 1 50 416 2,617 211 8,375 6 Group 3.— TYPE WKITEKS ANB SUPPI.IES— Continued. 1 United States Connecticut Illinois 6,232 1 $3,468,784 5,682 $3,284,901 514 $176,172 36 $7,711 $1,546,421 $55,928 $39,973 2 3 1,507 850 132 2,861 182 700 809, 147 464,544 79,976 1,708,509 84,300 322,308 1,243 797 125 2,730 173 614 733,959 445,091 77,976 1,656,931 81,388 289,556 233 53 7 131 7 83 68,621 19,453 2,000 51,578 2,496 32,024 31 6,567 185,411 536,690 54,252 532,670 35,365 202,033 3,943 9,636 3,020 19,420 4,520 16,390 0,780 4,749 860 25,665 617 4,302 4 5 New York . .. 6 7 Pennsylvania 2 3 416 728 Group 14.— tJJTIBREIiI.AS AND CANES— Continued. United States Connecticut Illinois Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Wisconsin All other states $1,826,043 22 27 371 108 9,200 10,168 94,136 39,556 64 22,022 36 119 15,347 42.865 1,499 280 617,010 88,423 8 4,122 2,736 44 72 841,780 13,858 27,556 2,147 22 37 19 10 40 729 116 1 1,041 16 24 $947,215 9,200 4,168 29, 464 18, 157 11,250 6,890 24,726 363,044 43,904 780 414,934 6,260 14,438 2,986 $830,143 20 263 71 44 25 75 765 163 28 253 S4S,685 5,792 62,203 21,399 10,580 8,208 17,557 252,962 44, .359 3,342 383,503 7,698 12, 640 215 '"'3' 192 249 582 1,004 160 43,343 ■"'478' SI. 297,932 ! $204,995 802 8,. 339 162,962 38,370 20,257 562 1,845 12, 690 4,204 5,490 12,513 14, 447 380,331 79,236 1,780 4,030 108, 787 13,745 8,846 538,9.32 12,789 20,108 7,140 37,088 1,700 5,944 $18,223 66 1,996 914 231 412 693 634 1,174 380 11,334 109 391 Group 3.— TJPJHOJLSTERING OTATEKIAIiS— Continued . United States. California . . . Connecticut . Florida Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts . . . Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire. New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Virginia Wisconsin All other states . . 4,712 32 111 35 715 42 62 77 86 624 160 80 36 .32 94 318 663 234 17 696 156 24 109 134 196 $1,867,082 17,661 45, 431 8,879 286, 426 19,940 17,916 24,667 24,375 183,118 58,328 38,695 13,335 14,863 39,463 126,761 306,700 90,834 9,381 293,1.31 59,2.39 8,038 36,968 73,986 70,067 29 76 17 305 42 52 77 63 567 119 80 36 32 94 213 356 165 16 384 75 24 1C9 134 180 $1,428,825 16,356 37, 194 6,851 166,671 19.940 17,916 24,667 17, 665 172,888 51,135 38,695 13,335 14,863 39,403 97,594 201', 017 77,220 8,976 191,181 38,281 8,038 36,908 73,986 68,037 1,322 $414,103 31 6 399 301 66 1 249 81 1,196 7,718 780 125,268 5,020 7,630 7,078 S-24,154 28, 444 104,629 13,300 406 90,736 20,958 1,040 4 12 11 519 1,248 3,687 1,700 2,700 116 $819,410 1,064 li 314 :■ 3,749 20,761 3,173 116,088 4, 182 3,230 10,081 9,331 52,860 20,472 10,183 3,644 4,769 13,315 125,792 105, 198 41,075 3,745 153,795 46,292 3,025 5,484 19,. 388 40,798 1,528 2,537 48 25,316 625 240 100 1,408 8,694 1,876 336 86 1,700 675 5,200 24,000 5,124 1,000 17,361 1,000 935 360 1,421 4,250 842,674 285 1,175 165 3,749 619 244 480 574 4,265 1,682 1,366 266 494 957 6,271 2,224 4,733 300 3,187 3,245 230 374 2,228 3,462 Group 8.— VARNISHES— Continued. 1 United States . 2 I California - . 3 I Connecticut 4 I Illinois - 6 I Indiana 6 Kentucky 7 Massachusetts . . 8 Michigan - 9 Missouri -.- 10 New Jersey 11 New York 12 j Ohio 13 I Pennsylvania 14 .VU other sin tes $1,200,431 18 53 247 43 55 48 161 37 293 539 170 174 24 16, 997 28,460 176,088 24,198 28,032 25,703 .80,967 22,910 . 187,721 358, 407 106, 336 129,739 15,864 1,767 51,177,331 77 $21,418 8 81,682 $3,695,970 $64,191 $79,121 18 61 238 43 56 47 136 32 288 507 156 15, 997 28, 100 173,525 24, 198 28,0.32 26, 403 77,379 21,8.39 186,135 349,024 102, 626 129,739 16,274 1,814 55,383 657,495 91,010 90,369 88,291 428,380 23,948 663,675 978,813 212,082 274,044 30,066 600 1,870 5,560 372 390 0,925 350 3,447 9,800 24, 183 4,106 5,441 1,088 629 2,202 15,222 2,700 2,194 1,147 5,424 1,028 14,041 15,729 12,328 6,922 555 1 6 60 1,9.39 1 260 3 624 1 16 5 5 28 14 300 3,688 1,080 1,686 8,675 3,710 4 808 174 QT 2 690 GENERAL TABLES. 441 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued. Group 10.— TYPE FOUNnilVG— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USEP. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent ot offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Totiil Purchased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured fonri (inchid- ing " all other materiaJs"). $221,909 S740. 176 8693,005 S693,005 S27,267 813,275 85,936 86.094 82,727,759 1 2,785 92, 451 32,285 16, 223 78,166 18,820 229, 471 103, 992 33,785 360, 108 16, 444 214, 467 98, 126 31,176 332, 793 16, 444 214, 467 98, 126 31, 175 332,793 1,536 5,767 4,076 1,140 14, 758 792 1,942 1,418 1,150 7,973 48 611 372 320 4,584 58,261 808,953 366, 468 170, 886 1,324,202 2 6,694 3 4 5 6 Group S.— TYPEWRITERS ANI> SUPPliIES— Continued. ?1. 443, 830 $6,690 .SI. 870, 201 $1,695,343 86,50 $1,694,693 $80, 589 817,911 $53, 324 $23,094 $10,640,495 1 177, 688 621, 806 47, 972 484, 085 30, 228 182. 051 354, 862 243, 946 125, 396 861, 805 69. 088 224,264 322, 141 210,607 120,669 790, 669 66,966 195, 401 322, 141 210, 607 120, 669 790,019 56, 966 196, 401 13,007 10, 331 3,241 44, 184 1,546 8,281 4,278 1,490 880 5,280 1,520 . 4,463 9,125 20, 512 7011 9, 52fl 9117 12, 4W 6,311 1,006 1,637,065 2, 106, 877 314, 500 5, 352, 390 201,841 1,027,832 2 500 2,400 3,500 290' 3 4 660 12, 143 5 6 3,634 7 Group 14.— liraBREIiL.AS AND CANES— Continued. $1,060,139 250 6,439 147,801 33, 252 14, 321 10, 321 9,824 258, 610 64, 317 1,326 488,925 10, 980 13,773 475 '2i5' 1,585 $8. 250, 246 11, 660 11,361 799, 648 207, 409 163, 501 82,985 116, 939 2,857,284 487,657 14, 776 3,318,512 80,750 97,974 88, 151, 629 10 11. 794, 206 162, 80 115 2, 827: 476; 14, 696 3,276,032 80, 200 96, 692 $129, 822 64,629 25 1 75,006 112 $8,021,807 10,185 11,000 794, 742 205, 749 162, 150 80, 371 115,275 2,773,132 476, 902 14, 595 3,201,026 80,200 96,480 $35, 361 350 40 878 300 216 790 4,278 1,948 70 25, 784 480 227 $23, 274 246 2,040 1,102 424 355 697 10, 189 1,580 36 6,317 458 $18, 483 35 75 113 3 67 16 82 14,717 452 25 2,853 20 25 $21, 499 150 1, 825 555 560 2,027 95 339 6,650 50 8,526 50 672 $13, 296, 046 28, 250 39, 100 1,271,389- 369, 378 240, 469 133, 121 200, 669 4,711,028 832, 775 35, 708 5, 133, 223 118,580 182, 456 Group 3 crPIIOL.STERING ]»1ATBK1AL,S— Continued. 8648, 618 $22,010 87,977,193 96,715 109,847 24, 185 965, 168 31,738 34,734 123, 196 204,347 963, 216 349, 567 63,820 16,642 26,768 87,609 849,707 893,516 511, 581 13,595 1,593,789 475,660 32,926 71, 373 206, 797 240, 708 $7,676,424 85, 154, 053 82, 522, 371 $131,613 $35,534 $58, 704 874,918 $12,677,610 1 1,936 17.039 1,960 87,024 3,038 2,746 9,501 7,349 39,901 16,714 8,483 3,292 2,665 6,183 114,321 75, 764 31,218 2,445 133,247 40,447, 1,860 4,760 1.5,739 20,986 95,292 106,551 22,806 941,862 26, 227 30, 580 120,687 199,381 909, 196 340,983 45, 273 15,950 24,219 85,302 821,325 865, 866 503,600 12,526 1,536,350 468, 704 28,400 67,091 195,405 224, 050 81, 741 13,551 106, 551 3,605 449, 123 327 1,628 310 3,811 31, 470 19,329 39,075 1,698 1,130 3,403 562, 174 629, 577 32, 149 2,475 446, 839 115,350 21,000 2,888 6,260 39, 658 622 727 1,300 10,764 2, 441 1,774 1,739 3,073 13, 868 6,346 6,663 450 1,716 664 15,016 10,872 6,765 550 23,858 4,133 2,080 1,875 7,239 8,188 488 700 213 272 80 4,982 380 1,043 870 863 2,652 1,417 1,014 242 627 761 6,998 6,173 2,316 160 21, 106 231 465 1,767 2,398 3,694 100 1,597 159,915 231,724 46, 915 1,638,436 73, 925 70,836 167,797 277, 242 1,347,759 461, 414 144, 263 45, 162 58, 666 176,895 1,2.39,162 1, 658, 722 763, 638 42,050 2, 398, 630 682,937 81, 304 161,861 379, 444 468,815 2 3 1,000 19,200 492,739 25,900 28, 952 120,277 196, 670 877,726 321, 654 6,198 14,252 23,089 81,899 269, 161 226, 289 471,351 10,050 1,088,511 353,364 7,400 64,203 190,155 184,392 4 7,050 500 2,690 1,337 5 6 7 8 260 780 37,500 421 870 9 10 200 400 11 l' 13 206 1,002 6,118 13, 614 14 6,500 16 2,250 8,091 16 3,210 17 IS 360 9,769 2,147 480 650 623 2,276 19 3,706 445 1,600 20 21 22 23 1,132 2,500 24 12, 100 26 Group 8.—VABNISHES— Continued. S3, 397, 165 $.55, 493 $13,520,491 $13,223,125 $3, 320, 103 89,903,022 $126, 818 $7,497 $14, 307 $149,744 $23,561,699 1 586 61,311 636, 213 87,938 87,785 80,219 422, 606 19, 473 639, 834 937,901 194, 789 210, 488 29,023 109,424 301,829 2, 132, 672 301,631 300,793 216,554 1,889,724 148, 864 1,762,267 3.649,561 1,154,106 1,405,859 148, 207 107,874 275,546 2,101,182 296, 346 282,193 210,6/7 1,817,840 140, 319 1,721,276 3,609.230 1, 135, 394 1, 373, 686 146, 492 37, 014 60,963 497,762 119, 216 78,803 46,796 347, 461 28,124 548,668 1,042,724 287,806 212,019 12,847 70,860 214,583 1,603,420 176, 130 203, 390 163,851 1,470,479 118, 195 1, 172, 708 2,566.506 847,588 1,161,667 133, 645 1,626 8,254 24, 454 1,308 2,325 2,953 11,226 1,772 16, 684 32,370 9,657 11, 824 1,466 26 2,026 1.441 2,089 275 143 947 63 2,935 2,113 439 1,730 92 148, 406 514, 670 3,840,753 622, 475 600, 645 413,884 3, 134, 268 255, 412 3,455,494 6,399,674 1,928,714 2,208,148 239,266 t 122 2,655 60 15,882 2,940 2,828 16,000 1,503 59, 611 660 20,782 3,271 7,648 18,619 3 1, 500 4 6 6 308 7 s 60 590 2, 577 968 9 10 1,000 80O 52, 193 11 12 13 14 167 442 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 3.— VAU1.X LIGHTS AND VElV'rH.ATOKS. (See also Foundry and machine sliop products.) STATE OK TEEKITOKY. Number of estab- lisli- , ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number ol estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 24 S240, 809 S23, 513 S17, 243 J69, 487 $130, 566 10 181 Illinois o 4 11 3 6 20.065 110,301 .50,065 48, 378 4,000 2,000 14,513 3,000 6,000 1,000 2,218 8,025 4,600 27,518 17,083 20,286 11, 465 85,783 16,251 17,067 2 5 1 2 16 74 75 16 3 4 Pennsylvania 5 Group 1 VINEGAK AND CIDER. 1 United States 568 87,519,853 S740,028 SI, 790; 728 S2, 250, 545 S2, 738, .552 503 10,760 9 3 8 38 4 19 12 4 9 9 4 7 72 61 3 10 s 23 1.54 3 20 6 46 3 9 6 6 5 16 46,339 96,024 114,043 28, 770 904,881 28,606 55,750 89, 120 5.57,704 35, 506 12,350 469, 942 624, 612 164, 548 246, 132 24,900 80,745 2, 814, 816 17,310 221, 149 99, 459 276,517 46, 300 39,087 37, 935 .50, 130 217,013 121, 166 3,600 17,448 32,400 760 314,592 7,325 13,850 22, 841 85, 373 3,850 5, 800 126, 966 174, 457 14, 632 64, 856 8,160 22, 600 1,025,724 3,010 44,504 24,577 77,285 16,000 17, 100 11,060 9,800 77,602 24,593 42, 839 43,676 34, 131 8,010 234, 191 8,501 28,600 41, 738 314,081 13, 050 3,050 161,215 253, 786 60,016 139,676 7,560 24,360 862,810 2,150 134, 450 46,768 86, 197 25,300 13,562 21, 725 25,730 50,887 69,898 I 36 10 47 497 3 13,700 12, 812 5,000 143, 756 6,860 1,400 7,980 47, 220 10,000 600 40, 186 28, 4.59 50,000 23,500 1, .500 9, .525 243, 801 10,000 10,996 14, 114 27, 770 3,000 1,125 1,635 4,900 12,276 8,026 21, 200 34, 700 15,000 212, 342 6,930 11,900 16, 661 111,030 8,000 2,900 141, .575 167,911 40,000 17, 100 7,700 24, 260 692, 480 2, 150 31,200 14,000 85, 266 2,000 7,300 3,625 9,700 76,249 28,650 4 Connecticut . 6 Illinois . . . 19 10 2 9 8 1 7 69 60 1 7 6 19 143 1 17 6 40 1 5 .5 5 11 604 191 27 133 316 00 125 1,162 1,393 160 137 HI 347 3,302 10 413 161 840 26 118 54 53 299 156 7 8 9 10 11 Kentucky 12 n 14 Michigan 15 16 Missouri 17 New Hampshire 18 19 ''0 91 Ohio 22 93 Oregon 94 95 Vermont 96 97 28 29 Wisconsin All other states ' Group 6.— WALl. PAPER. United States Illinois New Jersey New York Pennsylvania All other states ^. . . S12, 354, 329 860, 605 2, 400, 863 6, 633, 796 2,711,698 857,367 S334, ! 40, 000 125,000 74, 596 71,002 24, 400 SI, 487, .334 85,000 336, 225 655, 791 299,316 111,002 S3, 325, 299 240, 463 523, 412 1, 343, 770 1,013,196 204, 458 S7,206,( 486, 142 1, 416, 226 3, 459, 639 1, 328, 184 517, .507 6,329 511 945 2,159 1,129 585 Group 14 — WASHING MACHINES AND tXOXHES AVKINGERS. 1 United States. 2 I Illinois 3 ' Indiana 4 j Iowa 5 Massachusetts 6 Michigan : 7 , Minnesota 8 ' Missouri 9 New York :.. 10 I Ohio 11 I Pennsylvania 12 ! All other states -i.... S2, 951, 641 11 89,789 12 176,795 8 . 1 372,123 3 ' ' 13,265 9 66,065 4 35,560 51,442 S 399, 288 12 70,317 7 714, HOO "II 902,031 8305,067 8473,975 1500, 197 51,672,402 12, 300 9,840 30,013 2,000 3,900 9, 670 34,7.50 46, 645 3,000 17,000 13, 9.33 .52, 9.50 66, 866 5,600 11,925 12,074 26,847 73, 674 15,732 105, 600 12.5,206 .53.986 79, 2.55 238, 609 2,766 33, 240 23, 486 18,096 205, 145 25,020 448,974 643, 827 3,200 32, 927 8,000 48, 250 154, 637 3,300 87, 542 21, 565 112, 242 138,361 Group 10.— WATCH AND CLOCK MATERIALS. (See also Clocks: Watcli cases; AVatcIies.) L'nlted States Illinois Massachusetts New .lersev All other statrs 6... S425, 838 3.5, 455 73, 987 270,363 40,033 S28, 850 $46, 400 1,.500 4, .550 22, 000 800 0, 200 17, 700 20,000 2,600 S99, ,S91 13, 291 13, 600 50, 000 23, 000 S2.50, (ifl7 14, 464 38, 137 184, 363 13, 733 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Kentucky. 1; Maine, 1; Massuchusi'tts, 1; Missouri, 1; New .Ier.se y, 1; Washington 1 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Arkiinsu.-J, 2; Colorado, 2; District ol Columbia, 1; Idaho, I- ' Maryland Rhode Island, 2; South Carolina, 1; Texas, 1; Utah, 2; West Virginia, I. 3 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Connecticut, 1; ]).>laware, 1; Massachusetts, 2; Ohio, 2; Wisconsin, 1 6 41 12 414 6 460 1 10 6 162 3 53 3 187 6 1 492 7 163 3 766 8 1,074 17 168 4 9 4 49 3 80 6 30 1; Nebraska, 1; Oklahoma, 1; GENERAL TABLES. STATES AND TERRITORIES; 1905— ContiaueJ. Oroup S — VAl LX L,lGH'rS AND VENTILiATORS. (See also Foundry and iiiuclilne shop productN. 443 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Proprie- tors and firm mem- I bers. ! Aggregate. Ullk'iTS i^f corpora tid lis. (Innera! supL-rinti'ii'lt'Tits, managers, clerks, (■tc. ;al. I. Men. ! Women. Nunil>er. Salaries. j Nuiiibor. Salaries. ■ Number. I ■ \ ?:^n.sai ' 5 sio, 120 28 ' 23 3 5. olio 13 14,21.3 4 3.416 s 7.671 6,560 4,'500 Salaries. Number.' Salaries. j Xumbcr. i Salaries. 520,740 13 4 14,213 3,416 3,111 12, 105 2,916 2,915 2,108 500 196 "WAGE-EARNERS. Greatest Least number number employed employed at any one at any one time dur- time dur- ing the ing tlie year. year. 2!J3 183 46 29 150 120 52 14 45 20 Uroup 1 VIIVEGAK AN1» CIDEK. (iroup 6.— WAlil, PAPER. 15I 497 $691,792 \ 79 B39,812 418 $451,980 54 84 217 89 53 76,143 1 127,798 r 293,258 1, 139,215 55.380 13 4 35 17 10 34,510 40,600 95,405 49, 100 20, 197 41 80 182 72 43 41 633 2 5 8 87, 196 197,853 90,115 35, 183 Group 14.— WASHING MACHINES AND CIiOTHES AVRINGEKS. 645 341 1 8359.114 1 (is §111,717 273 S247, 397 234 S226, 282 39 821,116 3,820 1,813 1 1 14 40 11 . 13. .5.56 4 1 2,205 5 2,8.50 2 3. 170 34 49. S56 2 l."00 3 { 7,400 ij 300 8 S 2 28 6,156 1,905 2,850 3,170' 30,527 6 2 8 2 23 4, 656 1,780 2,850 3,170 28,755 2 1 1,500 125 8 27 117 4- 187 35 9 74 207 15 2li 316 Ii92 21 60 30 52 1,273 13 153 69 152 19 41 69 16 61 74 8 14 71 2 3 4 6 4 ' 5 19 14 ' S 19, 329 2 1.200 2 2,400 3 1,772 140 6 21 ' 7 2 1 16 1 10. 7.55 10 6 1 I1.4OO 14 6 64 8,355 6,400 62, 453 1 ii 6 6,855 6.400 3 1,500 8 i 8 28 ' 9 4 ■S S2 79 3 80 SS. 45'! 16 26.000 56 58,234 8 4,219 72 10 13 11 il 15 12 13 11,179 i 2 3,500 17 13,885 1 1,800 2 6.500 1 1 5.000 11 16 1 20 1 7,679 12,085 1,500 24, 524 750 6 15 1 13 1 5,177 11,617 1,500 19, 604 750 5 1 2. 502 468 167 13 242 14 18 15 7 1 32 1 42. ,524 9 . 1 : 750 12 18, 000 7 4.920 42 11 34 525 10' 68 33 106 19 30 21 9 46 61 16 17 ] IS 182 49 1 41,958 ! 6 7,388 44 34, 570 40 33, 270 4 1,300 19 90 24 8 9.394 4 3. 480 1 1 1,500 1,800 ^ 3 7,894 1,680 8,040 3,800 3 7 6 7,374 1,680 7,016 2,900 1 520 21 CI9 59 9 ! 8.040 9 7 2 1 1,024 900 9-^ 3 13 9 ! 6.000 2 2.200 24 ■"*5 6 8 6 1 4,865 2 2.400 2 o 6 2 3,000 2,400 6,400 2,100 4 1,865 3 1,500 1 365 26 5 14 ; 15.154 12 j 12 , 14.540 9 10 8,754 12,440 9 10 8,754 12,440 '>8 OO 361 S428,083 57 S23, 897 4,852 2,622 1 34 37, 131 7 4.502 342 189 ?. 69 83, 810 11 3.386 816 366 3 160 188, 270 9.683 2, 135 1,077 4 63 86, 533 9 3, 682 1.177 697 5 35 32,339 8 2,844 382 193 6 68 171 $148, 199 26 $44, 251 145 $103, 948 105 $88, 378 40 815,570 1,941 1,304 1 8 14 12,076 2 3,400 12 8,676 8 6,664 4 2,012 44 25 ■1 / 19 13, 610 3 2,790 16 10,820 12 9, 745 4 1,075 167 108 3 5 53 44, 162 5 9,424 48 34,738 31 28,836 17 5,902 310 134 4 2 2 2 5 8 4 3,100 1,655 j . 2 2,400 2 2 700 1,6.55 2 1 700 875 50 33 18 fi 1 780 6,147 3 1,347 8 4,800 8 4,800 60 29 4 20 24, 297 3 7,460 17 16, 837 11 13,972 6 2,865 2.55 196 9 11 19 11,772 4 2,430 15 9,342 11 8,142 4 1,200 74 45 10 7 19 24,248 l| 3 14, 000 16 10, 248 13 9,052 3 1,198 428 359 11 7 10 7,132 ! il 1 1,000 9 6,132 8 5,592 1 540 .528 373 12 Group 10.— WATCH AND CliOCK MATERIALS. See also Clocks ; AVatoli cases "Watches. ) 21 25 $31,794 5 1 812.700 20 \ 819.094 13 815,259 7 83. 835 445 325 1 4 5 1 11 '! 66 194 110 75 55 137 87 46 •> 11 12 11,314 19, 492 988 ; 11 7 2 11,314 6,792 988 6 8,259 5 6 6,220 1 1 ' 780 1 3,055 672 208 6 1 12,700 4 5 'Includes estalilishments distributed as folln\v.s.- California, 2; Kansas, 2; Kentucliy, 1; Maine, 1; Maryland, 1; Nebraska, 1; Rhode Island, 1; West Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 2. ^ Includes establishments distributed as follows: Connecticut, 2: Kentuclcy. 1: New "i orlc, 2; Pennsylvania, 1. 444 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 3.— VAUIiX LIGHTS AND VENTILiATOKS— Continued. STATE OR TERRITORY. WAGE-EARNEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States o.,.. SI .14 .3.14 222 $154,334 ?48,884 $11,619 S295 ■ "'' " 9 34 135 28 25 26,592 99,004 14,673 14,065 34 136 28 26 26,592 99,004 14,673 14,065 3,906 28,065 2,869 14,044 600 9,384 1,205 430 103 75 70 47 T 4 1 1 Group 1.— VINEGAK AND CIDEK— Continued. United States Alabama California Connecticut Georgia Jliinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Tennessee - Vermont Virginia Washington Wisconsin All other states 1,628 19 33 3 128 13 9 37 113 12 214 20 43 ao 16 434 6 59 39 73 16 10 $725, 148 2,112 10,611 14, 672 830 71,699 4,453 3, 635 10,280 63,150 6,055 1,353 18 33 3 122 1,449 5 40, 956 88 78,837 149 16,984 19 28,465 40 3,975 10 6,223 15 212,569 404 2,258 5 29,015 41 21,669 31 35,638 73 7,516 15 2,885 10 4,174 17 5,460 9 28,890 45 20,898 32 $684,953 2,113 10,431 14, 572 830 70, 047 4,453 3,635 9,080 61,028 5,876 1,449 40,966 05,263 16,360 27,825 3, 975 6,173 205,812 2,108 22, 731 19, 059 35, 0,18 7,360 2,885 4,174 6, 4C0 27, 304 18,358 $39, 641 180 "i,"M2' 1,200 2,122 180 13, 674 624 610 6,689 '6,'234' 2,600 1,456 2,640 $554 $28, 645 50 68 150 7,238 3,975 139,497 3,244 4,010 11,501 176,242 5,928 891 53.981 19,974 15,081 26,748 1,637 3,846 106, 665 338 32, 078 9,4'35 16,678 11,395 1,508 9,448 2,438 15, 634 17,990 $30,238 227 160 514 2,034 130 120 3,647 S,233 1,202 893 164 671 6,207 91 441 443 1,099 95 134 186 283 722 492 Group 6.— ^VAL.li PAPER— Continued. 1 United States 3,913 81,868,213 3,148 $1,668,245 462 $140,029 303 $.59,939 ■ $2,102,816 $104,286 $35,969 o 266 615 1,799 963 270 138,842 298, 868 834, 772 463,806 141,925 219 602 1,498 692 237 127, 389 2.^9,928 751,598 394,963 134, 367 229 91 18 11,453 31,340 66,302 26,410 4,624 123,987 306,944 1,097,501 465,246 109,138 16,820 3,517 7,838 15, 642 2,982 6,990 3 36 72 180 15 7.600 16, 872 32,433 3,034 4 New York 49,208 31,768 6,600 t!, Group 14 — WASHING MACHINES AND CLOTHES WRINGERS— Continued. 1 United States 1.622 8684,2.52 1,504 $663, 853 7 82,410 111 S17,9Sfl $357, 158 $17,288 $10,041 9 31 129 267 1 33 10 42 225 56 391 431 15,741 57,562 123, 685 900 13, 475 6,600 20,048 100,819 22, 332 146,690 177.500 29 129 263 1 32 16 38 223 62 310 421 14,825 57,562 120, 435 900 13,075 6,600 19, 064 100,069 21,814 133,890 175, 610 2 916 60,952 32, 648 110,942 697 11,598 11,238 3,519 30,729 8,199 72,346 24,290 3,278 2,820 2,760 93 166 1,665 2,659 564 1,823 120 1,350 2S4 1,174 2,037 54 594 58 195 1,368 722 1,165 2,390 S 14 3,250 t^ 1 400 7 s 1 2 2 :i,S4 750 360 3 li(l(l q 10 Ohio 2 81 10 1S8 11,700 1,881 lo United States.. Illinois 63 Massachusetts 164 New -Icrsi'V _ 07 Aliothrr statrv- _ 61 Group 10— WATCH AND <'L,Of:K MATERIALS- Continued. $116,631 ! 197 ,$65, .568 $1,82.475 27, 182 68,473 60,981 25, 839 1.86 29 18, 460 26, 847 64, 145 18, 179 34 114 20 29 ,S,722 •12,350 (1,836 7,660 $276 276 $14, 478 198 2,991 8, 691 2.. 598 108 120 876 1,266 $1 , 703 561 1,081 56 GENERAL TABLES. 445 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 3.— VAUIiT 1.1GHTS AND VENTIliATOKS— rontinii.>d. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent ot offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Kent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purciiased in raw state. Purchased in partially manufactured (onn (includ- ing ' ' all other materials"). S32, 343 S4.037 S160,C04 S156, 403 S166, 403 $1,820 SI, 695 $408 J278 S484,466 1 3,203 13,979 1,594 13, 567 1 34, 444 34. 279 102. 422 100, 302 12. 814 11, 833 1(1 924 9 989 34, 279 100, 302 11,833 9,989 100 1 812 730 178 30 1,103 502' 35 145 177 51 74' 204 81,116 333, 480 38,647 31, 223 4. 627 3 4 5 Group 1.— A^NEGAK AND CIDEll— Continued. $647, 743 S3, 249 83.8.32,233 S3, 647. 113' 5,855 136, 776 367, 256 133, 682 192, 633 fi. 491 19.246 924,976 2,953 276,939 52, 320 189, 216 18, 420 14, 329 30,632 9.343 109, 566 48,387 SI. 381, 183 $2,265,930 $100,722 So, 2,51 $9, 438 $89, 709 46,915 15,249 2,768 3,307 140, 526 5,398 23,970 42, 874 410,208 13, 434 1.005 47,504 174,931 133,682 168, 146 3,266 3,756 494, 828 903 261. 610 15,610 119,983 17,800 4,745 19, 392 970 61,639 31. .511 120 375 6 16 228 10 1,107 51 30 318 710 10 60 1,062 268 200 1,535" 11,278 32,002 530 1,394 32 15,819 650 1,133 1,795 6,995 300 355 3,594 7,746 3,575 3,836 320 1,116 26, 843 37 3,785 879 5,241 630 730 280 1,300 8,435 290, 769 9,611 2,150 16, 229 41,505 75 175 3,660 11,440 8 4,850 89,272 192, 325 34 571 949 300 146 107 232 2,722 10 2 1,120 8,065 6.50 10,863 275 015 40, 404 900 291 24, 487 3,225 16, 490 430,148 2, 060 15, 329 36,710 69, 233 620 9,584 11.140 8.373 47.927 16,876 322 9 i."w7' 10 340 204 115 848 10 139 700 120 120 7,600 „. 38 821 16 :::;:::::::"::ii 292 160 •IS.') 1 3,472 18 640 $7, 265, 4i;9 111,998 73,013 97, 091 30, 280 777,541 35, 970 59,000 98, 067 912,541 38, 583 16,794 12 350, 705 13 707, 503 14 189, 425 15 357,538 16 20, 662 17 .50,074 18 ,910,630 19 8,600 20 430, 142 21 116,546 22 371,060 23 59,000 24 28,028 25 60,660 26 33, 482 2/ 183,443 28 137,093 29 Group 6 WAlil, PAPEK— Continued. Group 14 WASHING MACHINES AND CL,OXHES WKINGERS— Continued. 10 11 $1,961,773 S788 ' $6,658,165 $6, 476, 660 $41,851 $6, 434, 809 $130,819 S15. 277 $30, 246 $5, 163 S12, 636, 580 1 103, 660 299, 106 1,031.863 430, 606 96,648 ! 666,563 0.38. 392 1.011.227 2. 720. 343 1. 730. 338 364,-360 14, 341 624,051 1,011,227 2,698,833 1,736,338 364, 360 14,893 17, 191 60, 437 30,621 17, 677 967 9,511 3,803 10,469 3,225 3,238 1,800 1,09.3,835 2,093,950 6, 595, 693 3,022,824 830,278 9 1,032,221 788 2,794,837 1,776,906 3 27,510 7,588 6,722 4 5 388,638 3,363 6 li $293, 669 S36, 160 $2,213,390 52.141,078 8460,826 $1,680,253 $31, 467 $1,503 $12,803 $26,649 S3, 838, 624 1 14,890 28, 654 106, 145 160 10, 123 9,365 665 28,797 5,664 71,061 18,266 32, 600 30,908 98,751 344,582 1,640 34, 475 23,0.56 42,085 409,448 37,722 487,991 702,232 28, 406 94, ,597 331, 433 1,465 30,864 23,001 40,946 389,964 36,469 475,080 688,864 28, 406 94,597 331, 433 1, 465 30,864 23,001 40,946 389, 964 36, 469 355,080 348, 029 819 3,348 3,963 105 2,780 5 965 4,781 705 6,256 7,731 206 138 673 1,157 25 440 50 175 1,021 283 6,604 2,337 1,339 133 7.602 46 321 140,576 231,413 691, 472 4,425 69, 790 42,843 96, 875 701,282 97, 831 809,940 952, 177 ■J 3 427 4 400 726 150 5 70 500 6 8 100 180 20 13,582 85 132 3,310 100 10 120,000 340,825 11 2,286 Group 10.— AVATCH AND CLOCK MATER1AL,S — Continuec . .$10,406 $107, 361 SlOl, 961 4,670 26,686 62,341 8,265 $1,330 $100, 631 S3, 285 SI. 141 $929 $45 S42S.692 1 84 5,084 28,212 64, 762 9,303 830 600 3,840 26,185 62, 341 8,265 160 1,054 1,690 481 234 380 75 452 20 73 756 80 42, 952 2 2, 310 20 160, 476 3 169, 505 4 25 65,759 : 5 440 MANUFACTURES. Table 5. —SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 10.— WATCH CASES. (See also WatcU and clock materials; W^atclies.) STATE OR TEKEITOEY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 28 $12, 649, 771 ,S431,550 $1,223,242 $2,263,603 $8,731,376 27 2,948 Illinois 5 3 11 3 3 3 873, 179 3, 644, 566 3,506,809 1,529,953 2,724,062 371,203 15,000 85,000 121,550 56,000 150,000 5,000 46, 578 336,000 204,253 379,741 206, 070 50,000 222,373 648,575 431,705 385,302 505,398 70,250 589,228 2,574,990 2,749,301 709,910 1,861,994 245,953 6 3 10 3 3 3 252 870 434 547 689 256 3 4 New York 5 Ohio fi Pennsylvania 7 Group 10.— WATCHES. (See also Clocks.) 1 United States , 14 $19,409,931 $490,000 ?2, 473, 614 $6,655,883 $9,790,434 13 4,646 ■> 3 3 8 7,730,320 1,265,003 10,414,608 1.54,000 61,000 275,000 1,164,784 189,386 1,119,444 2, 602, 829 448,126 3,604,928 3,808,707 566, 491 5,415,236 3 3 7 1,604 348 2,794 3 New Jersey.. 4 All other states - ... Orqup 14.— ^VHALEBONE CUTTING. (See ^'•All otlier industries,'' at end of table.) Group 12.— VVHEl^LBARROWS. United States Michigan New York Ohio Pennsylvania Ali other states ". . . 26 $1,045,087 .576, 956 $149,319 .$273,979 .$544,833 25 1,432 3 7 4 3 9 579,878 82, 725 136,832 136, 515 109, 137 45,031 5,000 13, 100 10,200 3,626 95,378 18, 650 17,400 8,760 9,141 112,916 20, 600 24,500 88,360 27,603 326,553 38, 475 81,832 29,205 68,768 3 7 4 3 8 830 161 161 92 198 Group 14.— WHIPS, United States California Illinois Massachusetts New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states ^ . . . 58 $3,367,957 $110,302 $342,595 $430,852 $2,484,208 43 1,068 4 27,070 12, 800 3,100 1,470 9,700 1 3 3 40, 166 8,000 4,000 7,497 20,669 8 1 2" 2,166,246 40,706 142,369 255, 555 1,717,616 ■->•-) 358 ' 342,645 20,760 66, 169 45,221 220,505 5 88 f 347,606 12,796 37,616 28,947 268,347 4 330 6 305,989 6,000 82,783 79,665 137, 641 4 222 6 1 148,235 9,250 16, 658 12,597 109,730 5 69 Group 14.— WINDilllLLS. (See also Agricultural implements; and special report on Agricultural implements.) United States California Illinois Indiana. Iowa Michigan Nebraska Ohio Wisconsin All other states ^ . . . $6,837,150 42, 160 2,364,116 1,434,022 290, 133 217, 109 636, 446 234,070 497, 673 131,431 $394, 599 9,000 175,830 75, 619 19,408 14,012 21,376 11,200 61,765 16,400 $814,031 1,700 291,124 247,409 40, 440 28, 431 64, 606 14,800 98, 561 26,900 $1,261,696 8,050 659, 100 236,691 59,961 39,802 55,051 46,987 113, 497 34,5.57 $3,376,824 23,400 1,228,062 875,303 170,324 134,864 495,354 162,083 233,860 53,574 3,874 1 Includes establishments distributed a.s follows: California, 1; Colorado, 1; Kentucky, 1. 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Connecticut, 1; Indiana, 1; Massachusetts, 2; New York, 1; Ohio 2- Pennsylvania 1 3 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Kansas, 1; Minnesota,!; North Carolina, 2; Tennessee, i; Vermont 1- Washington 1- 1,637 996 306 122 149 95 402 88 Wisconsin, 2. GENERAL TABLES. 447 STATES AND TERRITORIES; 1905— Continued. Group 10.— WATCH CASES. (See also WatcU and clock materials; Watches.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. 20 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. AVAGE-EAENERS. Aggregate. Number. 3S1 41 83 75 53 102 Salaries. Ollicers of corporations. Saliirti' 5494,783 35 44,3.32 129, (.00 124, lUi 55,846 105,946 34,924 Slli4,563 11,200 59,900 38, 750 20,700 26,113 7,900 General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Total. Number. 24 Salaries. S330,220 33, 152 09,700 85,366 35,145 79,833 27,024 Number. Women. Salaries. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. S44,767 Least number | employed at any one time dur- ing the year. 3,963 26 28,297 11 4,855 ; 513 280 2 4;. 55,950 31 13,7.50 1,444 1,331 3 .")(i 80,631 11 4,735 762 610 4 33 31,960 11 3,185 865 820 5 68 63,791 40 16,042 SO.S 699 6 19 24,824 6 2,200 223 223 i 7 Group lO.— WATCHES. (Ncc also Clocks.) 3 366 $614,356 29 $130,010 337 1 $484,346 261) $451,490 71 .5.32,8.56 ! 11,371 10,204 1 120 45 201 202,260 54,032 358,064 4 3 22 27,000 13,000 90,010 116 42 179 175,200 41,032 268,054 105 28 133 171,513 33,909 246,068 11 14 46 3,747 7,123 21,986 3,867 976 6,528 3,617 819 5,868 9 1 3 4 Group 11 — AVHAL.EBONE CUTTING. (See ".411 other Industries," at end ol table.) Group 13.— VVHEELBARKOWS. 12 ' 69 $76,116 21 $40,444 48 $35,672 35 $28,260 13 $7,412 703 483 1 23 14 10 6 16 20,380 26,252 8,820 4,608 16,056 4 2 5 2 8 6,700 15,000 6,400 1,200 11,144 19 12 5 4 8 13,680 11,252 2,420 3,408 4,912 11 11 5 3 5 8,900 10,732 2,420 3,096 3,112 8 1 4,780 520 400 67 67 38 131 292 50 52 19 70 •> 6 2 1 3 3 4 1 3 312 1,800 6 6 Group 14.— WHIPS. 43 174 $183,882 43 $73,783 131 $110,099 87 $89,114 44 $20,985 1,796 1,398 1 5 1 20 9 13 86 965 201 189 120 222 13 43 803 150 158 99 132 •> m 27 16 39 18 5,891 80,007 28,621 16,310 32,649 20,404 4 24 1 5 3 6 4.156 46; 777 3,000 7,250 5,800 6,800 3 44 26 10 36 12 1,735 33,230 25,621 9,060 26,849 13,604 1 14 20 7 33 12 436 19,167 22,271 7,760 25,877 13,604 2 30 6 3 3 1,300 14,063 3,350 1,300 972 3 4 5 6 4 4 7 8 Group 14. — WINDIfllLLS* (See also Agricultural iniplemeiits; and special report on Agricultural implements.) 25 .587 $392,236 52 $88,080 335 $304, 176 287 8281,243 48 $22,933 2,299 1,579 1 4 6 26 900 581 82 147 311 51 128 73 18 607 458 33 85 206 43 86 44 ?: 140 100 24 19 73 8 17 6 162,048 103,805 25,488 15,760 62,723 6,595 20,279 6,648 10 13 5 8 4 5 4 3 22,920 24,410 9,450 8,985 8,000 5,120 6,900 2,275 130 87 19 • 11 69 3 13 3 129,128 79,395 16,038 6,766 54,723 1,475 13,379 3,273 114 76 16 7 60 1 11 2 120,401 74,575 14,279 4,826 61,279 226 12,539 3,120 16 11 3 4 9 2 2 1 8,727 4,820 1,759 1,940 3,444 1,250 840 153 3 4 1 6 3 's' 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 * Includes establishments distributed as follows; Maryland, 1; Missouri, 1; Nebraska. 1; Oregon, 1; Utab, 1; West Virginia, 1. 6 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Kansas, 2; Minnesota, 2; New Jersey, 1. 448 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 10 WATCH CASES— Continued. WAGE-EARNERS AND AVAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men Hi years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. A\'ages. 1 Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States Illinois New Jersey 4,221 i 52,170,507 \ 3,204 $1,852,868 930 J302,520 87 $16, 119 $761,026 $16,311 $16, 472 2 3 348 189,967 .i 283 1 391 744 '^21 ■ 1 n.^R 173, 482 643, 794 406, 890 284, 166 266, 624 77,912 ,57 293 82 209 262 15, 595 94, 235 31,879 77, 363 76, 448 7,000 8 40 18 2 18 1 890 6,892 4,197 76, 315 178,707 295.. 381 2,220 1,690 3,621 3,410 4,713 2,828 310 4 New York . . 683 1 442, 9KH 833 . 361,879 743 345,680 223 R5.nQ4 583 622 463 195 11,521 1,240 590 740 5 Ohio 350 II 67; 899 2,608 : 118,272 182 1 14.4.52 6 7 Pennsylvania • 1 Group 10.— WATCHES— Continued. 1 . United States Illinois 10, 724 56,024,400 5,457 $4,088,638 6,245 $1,931,430 22 $4,332 81,445,659 34,300 $171,960 ? 3,660 865 6,199 2,139,376 495, 612 3,389,412 1,854 490 3,113 1,480,627 346,738 2,261,273 1,799 365 3,081 656,879 147,314 1, 127, 237 7 10 5 1,870 1,560 902 711,010 62,099 682,560 48,257 2,320 121,383 3 1,800 2,600 4 All other states 10 United States . California Illinois Massachusetts New York Ohio Pennsylvania AH other states Group 14.— WHALEBONE CUTTING— Continued. Group 12.— VrHEELBAKKO"WS— Continued. 1 United States.... '...- 584 .5293, 959 671 5292,479 \ 2 $460 11 S3, 030 5118,827 $5,133 $11,709 2 3 Michigan New York 3.34 192,036 .39 27,891 342 59 58 26 86 188, 586 27, 891 34,674 12,626 28, 703 ■ 2 450 10 3,000 83, 324 8,141 8,018 3,274 16,070 160 2,600 160 293 1,920 9,520 379 1,108 274 428 4 Ohio Pennsylvania All other states .38 34, 674 2H 12.626 87 2S.733 S fi 1 30 United States. California Illinois Indiana Iowa Michigan Nebraska Ohio Wisconsin All other states 19 738 .531 2.39 47 103 i 59 Group 14.— AVHIPS— Continued. 1,.3.34 $603,203 10 7,196 70 24, 681 866 375, 565 172 63, 794 177 48, 4.30 108 28, 7,S3 151 54, 754 $464, 078 38 .585 106 69 149 18,683 284, 850 46, 103 33, 690 22, 225 63, 431 442 251 73 71 35 2 58 $13, 364 1, 500 ■ 2, 418 24 3, 580 81,731 30 I 8,984 17,691 1 14,740 1 5,758 4 I 800 1,323 I $660,963 Group 11 — AVIIVDJ«IL,L,S— Continued. SniiS, 8.50 14, 3.50 394, 689 236,707 30, 743 64, 281 121,042 21,932 66,010 39,096 1,929 19 738 634 113 259 47 103 !J9 S9H8, 860 14, 360 394, 689 236,707 30, 743 54, 281 121,042 21,932 .56, 010 39, 096 $493,494 1,535 179, 405 190, 7.32 27, 408 19,841 42,984 6,423 17,719 7,427 .523,279 816 360 82 4,864 1,688 108 466,560 , 16, 176 9,975 76,006 3, 1.50 2,253 106, 861 2,873 550 12,857 1,726 5,011 180 519 $18, 294 282 13, 763 2,150 1,655 144 300 $16,360 $27,573 229 14,711 4,513 1,155 1,794 1,894 710 1,474 1,093 GENERAL TABLES. 449 STATES -\:\n) TERRrrORIES: HK);>— Continued. Group 10.— WATCH CASES— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent of offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. i Principal materials. Fuel. $40, 431 Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. $35, 472 1.6.53 27.954 3.356 1.053 1,181 276 Freight. $11, 485 693 10, 395 Total. 84.319,511 Purchased in raw stnti'. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"), S718,043 S200 S4. 428. 627 8358. 230 S.3,961,281 $21,728 88. 626, 504 1 72. 305 200 309. ."iO(i 1,344. .-.02 1, 376, s:l4 44o,14.S 782. 63(1 " 170.007 302. 270 1.282.214 l,:iW..5.->0 436.092 773. 223 167, 162 302,270 923,984 1.358,550 436,092 773, 223 167, 162 4. 1'.IS 6, 6.^0 12.222 7, 246 8,076 2,000 692 17. 250 2.706 300 1.50 570 677, 048 2.748,686 ; 2,361,032 982, 660 1,466,217 390, 861 ?, 175.086 280. 460 :i5S. 230 3 4 61.946 397 5 114, 854 6 13, 402 7 Group 10. AVAXCHES- Continued. $1,269,399 S2,2.JS.683 ■ $2,114,612 82.114,612 $88, 531 $9, 156 $34, 246 812. 139 $11,866,400 1 6B2. 753 47.979 681, 840 173.584 1.403,259 649.926 1.^0. 453 1.314.233 649,926 160, 453 1,314,233 16,204 4,197 68, 130 12, 665 17, 810 3,770 .3,045 1.124 7.970 4, 27S, 643 953, 185 '6, 634, .572 9 .3 9, 156 4 Groui> 1-1 WHAIiEBONE CUTTING- Continued. Group 13.—WHEEL,BAKKOWS— Continued. $101,060 ' 8925 $494,313 8471.141 $30,000 $441, 141 $10, .363 $1,551 $6, 848 84. 410 $1,177,780 1 73 644 ^44 SfiO 230,647 36. 826 89,676 22, 305 91,687 230,647 36, 826 59,676 22, 305 91,687 8,438 341 390 509 685 560' 27.3' 718 5,775 V.'J 348 193 373 632, 6.SS 108. 997 17S. 168 53. 623 204. 304 •-} 4. 2.37 6. 750 ■^ 707 925 37. 891 90, 489 24.586 96,487 30,' 666" 5 1,306 3,024 4 5 li Group 14.— \«THIPS— Cc ntinued. S3, 147, .328 -86r.l.6.-0 SI. 644 81,253.118 .51,206,089 || $212,006 : $994,083 $12,978 87, 105 84. 402 822. 544 1 373 8- 465 - 8,430 1 20,6.56 1 5.660 8,430 15,096 623,591 109,608 104, 401 47,294 85,763 30 469 5,362 325 159' 760 5 17 2.997 279 7.59 "to r 434' 7.799 2,118 3,771 1,100 7,322 20. 335 66. 92.S 1, 936. 240 366, 738 317, 822 176,560 262, 705 3. 05.S 21,681 762.749 126.li71 114.715 105 6,206 1, 1.59 2, .559 2,122 828 3 430. 246 lis. 121 in-^. 988 163 1,481 740, 386 122,790 107,626 59,294 146, 907 116, 795 13,282 3,226 12,000 61,144 j ' 4 6 in. 582 4.312 ! 62, 9.50 1.55,887 7 8 Group 14.— AVl!yDMIIiL,S- -Continued. $446,962 $675 $2,307,579 82. 162, 674 82. 162, 674 $56,288 82. 572 $20, 076 .865.969 .84,796,048 1 1,024 1.50 256 18, 955 988,296 631,785 100, 240 141,1.59 18,890 906,373 614, 349 99,014 128,800 149,369 90,958 99,840 55,081 18, 890 906,373 614,349 99,014 128, 800 149, 369 90,958 99,840 65,081 40 22,681 11,685 673 4,901 8,823 1, 145 5,808 532 '7S' 96 361 1,110 66' 867 S,'2W' 875 192 800 8,864 288 583 189 25 .50.879 4.780 45, 400 2,118,989 1, 260, 862 199, 847 278, 899 398.004 159. 629 231, 151 102, 277 1 1 675 3 186,239 24,103 16,392 41.090 4 5 5,548 120 540 3.879 198 6 167, 176 92,931 110. 170 ' 8 16 101 9 6,034 5l..«f,7 in MFG — PT 1 — 07- -29 45(1 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 14 WINDOW SHADES AND FIXTUKES. STATE OE TEEEITOKY. United states California Illinois Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania All other states i . . . Numher of estab- lish- ments. Total. 85,976,748 118,211 624, 114 102, 442 103,643 169,707 9,225 1,263,157 2,411,830 114,005 273,165 787,249 Land. S2«8,759 6,500 45, 600 2,000 1,200 7,850 42,700 119,359 41,000 22,660 Buildings. $628, 260 4,700 48,500 3,600 8,256 35,000 97,601 353,765 34,400 42,644 Machinery, tools, and implements. Jl, 056,811 14,792 61,911 2,894 15,368 21,382 ■676 113,605 682,892 5,500 20,390 227, 402 Cash and sun- dries. $4,002,912 92,219 478,203 94,048 78,829 105,476 8,550 1,009,261 1,355,814 108,505 177,376 494,643 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. 64 Total horse- power. 51 332 3 IS 342 1 420 ,139 51 8 447 Groux> 3* — WIRE. (See also Iron and steel, steel Avorks and. rolling mills; and special report on Iron and steel.) United States Illinois Massachusetts New Jersey New York Pennsylvania All other states 2... 814,898,817 6,413,701 1,214,533 2,047,126 4,787,761 273,403 1,162,303 $938,289 390, 440 62,500 86, 184 256,860 29,820 113,496 $1,833,278 514,644 143, 260 374, 477 632,531 37,176 131,190 $4,670,793 2,214,221 230,279 570,094 1,231,828 52,996 271,375 ,S7,556,467 2,294,: 778, 494 1,016,371 2,667,542 153,411 646,243 25 27,219 4 14,043 5 4 6 3 2,986 4,150 4,131 280 3 1,630 Group 3 WIRE^VORK, 1NC1.UD1NG W^IKE ROPE AND CARL.E. (See also Mattresses and spring beds.) United States - California Connecticut District of Columbia Illinois... Indiana Iowa Kansas „ Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Texas Washington Wisconsin All other states ^ 3 2.5 143 50 $26,893,614 1,159,658 2,443,645 7,300 2,637,222 1,059,146 283,215 116,979 17,690 203,178 2,893,635 2,426,262 96, 524 2,630,978 81,892 32, 800 1,423,019 2,382,966 2,772,286 42,950 3,229,690 186,322 7,217 52,420 9,660 608,475 189,895 $1,488,811 104,000 120,252 131,165 68,350 12, 460 10,720 17,400 125,305 43, 105 9,560 199,967 500 500 47,228 158,292 162,525 1,000 199,667 1,175 14, 450 27,250 33,970 $3,312,212 104, 100 340,739 295,639 118,082 30,200 10,000 17,600 459,608 277,770 5,000 276,359 4,100 2,000 151,826 309,048 399,361 3,000 398,099 2,796 3,800 1,500 78,496 23,200 $6,795,911 Group 4.— WOOD CARPET. 323,334 705,240 2,975 668,463 283,727 64,526 46,048 8,290 67,026 562,408 389,659 30,299 493,016 18,089 17, 100 405,446 585,056 808,940 13,750 1,027,431 78,373 3,976 9,095 1,860 145,507 36,400 $16,296,680 628, 124 1,277,414 4,326 1,441,965 688,987 176,039 50,211 9,400 101,153 1,746,314 1,715,828 50,676 1,661,636 59,203 13,200 818,520 1,330,570 1,401,470 25,200 1,604,403 103,979 3,242 25,076 6,200 .3.57,222 90,325 398 21,399 481 2,951 2 2,476 785 216 63 27 96 2,729 1,480 56 1,137 69 22 916 1,070 3,968 20 2,214 23 13 398 120 1 United Sty tes 20 $330,514 .?38,300 $17,620 S.52,763 $231,831 17 473 9 3 12 5 92,503 143,163 94,848 24,800 15,000 14,350 27,163 11,250 38,363 116,000 77,478 2 11 4- 180 182 111 3 New York : 4 3,500 2,1126' 1 Includes establiehments distributed as follows: Connecticut, 2; Indiana^ 2; Maine, 2; Minnesota, 2; Island, 2; Vermont, 2; Washin^on, 1; AVisconsin, 1. . 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 1; Indiana, 2. Nebraska, 1; North Carolina, 1; Oregon, 1; Rhode GENERAL TABLES. STATE8 AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued. Wroup 14 AVINMOAV SHADES AND FIXTIIRES. 451 Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALAEIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, KTC. ■VVAGE-EAENF,E.S, Aggregate. OfTicers of corporations. (loinTiil superintendents, managers, cicriis, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing tlie year. I'otai. Men, AVomen, Number. Salaries. Number, Salaries. Number. Salaries, Number. Salaries, Numl)er, Salaries. 132 - 409 S479, 806 64 8141,050 34,5 ,S33,'i,756 285 S.303, 684 00 S.35,072 3,038 2,195 1 18 18 6 13 18 46 14 14 16 8,199 72.821 11, 144 10,210 20,735 10 8 2 4,244 , S 3,955 55,741 9,008 8,010 14,735 8 22 11 8 12 3,955 44,471 S,332 6,24S 13, 23,-j 65 446 39 109 259 25 408 922 89 164 512 47 .315 32 67 87 14 347 698 89 1.55 344 ? 17,080 2, 136 2,200 6,000 38 12 12 14 ii; 1 4 2 11,270 676 1,762 1,500 3 4 5 6 5 5 37 5 14 .11 7 39 140 20 56. 692 178,987 19. 400 1=4 . 25, 500 54, 7.30 34 126 20 41 40 31, 192 124, 257 19,400 24, 180 48,278 27 114 14 38 31 27,500 117,413 16,400 22,900 43,230 7 12 6 3 9 3,692 6,844 3,000 1,280 6,048 8 9 10 47 65 35, 263 66, 355 6 15 11,083 18,077 11 12 Group 3.— \niIlE. (See also Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills; and special report on li-on and steel.) 7 581 $793, 250 34 S152, 412 647 J640,838 507 J615,772 40 $25,066 5,873 3,648 1 371 418.492 6 2 6 11 4 . 6 13,800 9,500 23,000 79,115 11,697 15,400 366 35 53 67 9 27 404,692 44, 136 63,004 97,214 7,043 24,749 366 27 48 48 6 23 398,212 40,464 60, 324 90, 418 4,185 22,169 10 8 5 9 4 4 6,480 3,672 2,680 6,796 2,858 2,580 2,620 670 707 1,339 114 423 1,208 638 653 1,036 93 221 ■> 3 37 59 68 13 33 53,636 86,004 176,329 18,640 40,149 3 4 2 5 6 7 Group 3 — T^riRE-nrORlK, I]VCI,UDI1\G "WIRE ROPE AND CABLE. (See also Mattresses and spring l>eds.) .52, 117, 325 28 4 16 176 35 94 136 5 171 95 32 10 4 29 173 216 7 146 3 281 202 3 165 12 2 108, 896 209,750 2,388 20O, 992 83,581 39, 175 7,820 4,132 19,949 214, 291 200,464 3,690 211, 691 2,460 500 122, 873 265, 497 17.5, 915 3,400 160, 440 10, 958 2,280 3,200 250 46, 493 16, 2.50 28 9,617 6,875 103, 790 80,417 34, 908 '6,000 3,800 2,008 66, 160 32, 625 1,600 74,200 38,385 58, 619 56, 970 2,400 49, 510 3,800 1,200 23,800 4, 760 1,663 90 108 6 138 76 28 7 2 29 152 202 5 132 3 1 77 '252 168 2 136 10 2 4 1 23 11 81,477,708 102, 021 105, 960 2,388 120, 576 48, 673 33, 175 4,020 2,124 19, 949 159, 131 167, 939 2,190 137, 491 2,450 500 84, 488 206, 878 119, 945 1,000 110,930 7,158 2,280 2,000 250 22, 693 11,600 1,276 86 79 3 92 51 25 5 2 19 116 160 4 119 2 56 184 123 2 112 7 2 4 1 21 11 $1,303,704 99,949 94, 779 1,972 98, 783 41, 643 31, 900 3,360 2,124 ' 16,999 138, 841 146, 043 1,830 130, 236 1,960 73, 692 176, 393 98, 493 1,000 101,292 5,598 . 2, 280 2,000 250 21,997 11,500 387 $174, 004 2,072 11,181 416 21, 792 7,130 1,275 660 3,960 20,290 21, 896 360 7,266 500 500 10, 896 30, 486 21, 452 9,638 1,560 16, 691 220 1,461 31 1,341 685 161 36 61 209 2,391 1,380 2, 636 1,631 20 1,586 141 24 ,52 S 364 143 11,186 145 1,108 16 683 333 92 22 34 144 1,684 651 23 469 29 961 1, 629 1, ,594 11 1,113 107 11 24 3 210 Group 4 — WOOD CARPET. 22 60 $45,016 6 $8,620 44 $36,496 40 $34, 580 4 81,916 597 239 1 5 12 5 10 26 14 8,120 24,778 12, 118 10 21 13 8,120 17,578 10,798 8 20 12 7,080 16,902 10, 598 1 1 1,040 676 200 63 53 •> 6 1 7,200 1,320 394 140 120 66 3 4 ' Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 1; Colorado, 2; Delaware, 2; Georgia, 2; Louisiana, 2; Montana, 1; Nevada, 1; Oklahoma, 1; Utah, 1; Vermont, 1; Virginia, 1; West Virginia, 1. ^Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Michigan, 1; Mmnesota, 1; Pennsylvania, 1. 452 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Ciiroup 14 WINBOW SHADI<:S AND FIXTURES— Continued. STATE OB TEKEITOEY. WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. "Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United states California 2,024 51,086,232 1,853 J876, 845 692 «193, 240 79 S16, 147 S738, 274 890,391 $23,431 2 49 '• 32..'iSS 39 187 20 68 146 5 330 610 42 131 275 28, 434 105,000 7,219 46,900 62,046 .4,016 194,810 227,248 20, 497 60,103 120,572 10 163 7 17 79 6 17 200 47 23 123 4,154 61,350 1,893 6,634 22, 522 1,500 4,724 48,707 12,605 7,972 31, 179 26, 116 144,035 17, 496 18,072 19,219 1,756 106,616 244, 497 32,383 31,581 97,505 7,468 14,520 4,244 7,475 567 3,331 374 428 2,333 115 2,747 7,640 953 1,201 3,742 3 Illinois, 367 30 86 226 17 381 811 89 160 409 159,696 9,466 53,976 84,668 7,024 207,075 276,005 33, 102 69, 193 153, 539 17 3 1 3,346 354 442 4 5 Maryland fi 7 Missouri. ., 6 34 1 1,508 7,541 50 984 8,100 18,606 6,620 7,988 14,386 8 q New York 10 Ohio Pennsylvania n 6 11 1,118 1,788 12 All other states Group 3.— "WIKE— Continued. 1 United States Illinois 4,737 $2,858,743 4,613 $2, 793, 209 198 .S58, 077 26 $7, 457 $1,394,278 $13,050 $49, 627 ? 1,905 •605 619 1,179 103 326 1,340,684 328,900 316,234 637, 179 55,978 179,768 1,897 688 656 1,046 102 326 1,338,620 324,266 299, 369 696,694 66,693 179, 768 5 17 .00 126 1,300 4,636 13,621 38, 621 3 764 746, 488 109, 722 164,939 224, 461 24, 160 125,508 150 5,500 1,400 6,000 20, 451 13,663 4,282 8,430 631 2,170 3 Massachusetts 4 14 8 1 3,344 2,964 385 =; New York . . .. . 6 7 All other states 1 ' Groui> 3.— WIREWORK, INCIiUDINO IVIRE ROPE AIND CABL.E— Continued United States. California Connecticut District of Columbia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire New .Tersi-y New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Texas Washington Wisconsin All other states 13, 379 179 1,261 20 1,012 472 110 23 47 172 984 31 584 7 1,141 1,986 1,379 13 1,342 124 16 6 306 103 $6,099,869 101,617 575, 123 8,626 488, 134 209, 269 55, 320 12, 583 18,71,9 72, 448 919, 299 392, 309 20, 187 290,938 20,636 4,884 632,962 960,714 656, 739 8,750 669, 355 61,839 7, 564 13, 149 4,872 142, 926 61, 858 10, 769 161 868 16 885 445 45 122 1,381 835 31 497 43 1,663 1,253 13 990 115 10 277 101 ;, 351, 236 96, 677 473, 825 7,626 449,081 202, 708 55, 220 12, 323 18, 460 58,883 712, 168 361,927 20,187 264, 826 20, 636 4, 5X4 486, Ii53 822, 762 619, 745 8,760 482, 736 69,940 7,564 12, 804 4,872 134,781 51, 498 2 325 104 12 19 513 115 "66 ' 1 154 412 106 278 2 $664, 562 640 88,329 34, 137 3,547 100 260 9,211 184, 135 24, 177 '22,' 089 300 39,858 134,543 30, 767 75, 105 624 6,840 475 16 08 4 23 15 $94,071 34 20 20 74 7 Group 4.— WOOD CARPET— Continued. 4,400 12,969 1,000 4,916 3,014 4,354 22, 996 6,205 "4,623' 6, 451 3, 409 5, 227 11,514 1,275 345 1, 304 360 139, 594 184,617 2,260 290,059 79, 256 72, 069 14,141 3, r,2i, 28, 722 341, 439 302, 437 3,089 230, 968 9,714 7,733 211,005 295,592 310, 423 5, 879 167, 461 30, 267 1,929 17, 699 2,004 01, 686 16, 065 $253, 281 6,514 bS, 436 1,640 19'.909 3, 431 2,731 146 1,640 6,593 18,042 0,106 1,294 4,967 1,517 100 16,083 86, 197 16,901 1,815 20,022 6,196 1,600 1,349 1,380 3,937 5, 836 $128, 186 4,619 9,425 62 6,468 5,402 1,310 862 87 1,,W1 31,77S 16, 333 336 8,586 555 05 5,804 6,006 Hi, 494 187 8, .578 485 18 384 104 2,382 1,246 1 United States Illinois 373 $268,886 369 $267, 911 2 $662 2 1 $313 $61, 265 $24,811 $498 ? 57 218 98 39,044 157,703 72, 139 57 217 95 39, 044 157, 630 71,337 13, 494 40, 433 7,338 3,745 17, 460 3,606 296 103 100 3 New York 1 1 173 140 4 All other states 2 662 GENERAL TABLES. 453 STATES AND TERRITORIES; 1905-Continued. Group 14 — WIINDOW SHADBS AND FIXTURES—Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. Rent of offices, interest, 'etc. 8615,188 13,931 126,894 12,717 6,969 16,886 657 94,768 218,251 24,810 22,102 78,203 Contract work. $9,264 4,150 290 160 3,200 290 1,174 COST OF MATERIALS USED. Aggregate. $5,946,478 Principal materials. Total. $5,848,105 193 054 i)4.T 144 112 513 276 Ml ;«y SOl> 13,493 767 481 1,993,958 1 227 7H1I 296,137 1 760 495 183,792 929,457 lll,lil7 274,185 352,916 13,365 758,263 1,967,917 226,150 294, 606 735,347 Purcliased in raw state. $250,600 10,600 240,000 Purcliased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing "all other materials"). $5,597,605 173,292 929,457 111,617 274,186 352,916 13,365 518,253. 1,967,917 226,650 294,606 735,347 $57,156 6,137 6 1,948 3,763 75 6,914 18,908 1,010 1,059 18,336 Rent of power and heat. 812,782 1,392 6,070 226 219 359 3,804 467 1,208 Mill sup- plies. $6,501 Freight. $21,934 91 205 6 54 481 1,955 1,852 130 15 1,708 7,779 6,275 660 206 2,642 1,477 3,896" Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. $8,930,630 300,307 1,445,336 173,712 383,293 507,642 50,500 1,262,428 2,882,858 361,000 495,019 1,068,636 Group 3.— WIKE— Continued. $1,327,289 $4,312 $30,062,487 $29,351,373 $29,351,373 $555,762 $6,646 $104, 162 $44,654 i $37,914,419 1 724,887 89,059 159,257 207,219 23,629 123,338 10,051,888 1,038,563 9,889,142 8,004,860 114,969 963,086 9,693,872 963,611 9,693,872 963,611 9,792,541 7,883,552 108,876 908,921 294,082 61,662 60,817 98,563 4,693 46,936 712 28,500 23,280 35,784 11,283 620 4,696 34,722 14,099,666 1,617,108 11,103,959 9,400,572 246,716 1,447,499 ■> 1,500 3 9,792,641 7,883,652 108,876 908,921 4 2,812 2,400 9,062 780 5 6 3,534 7 Group 3.— WIieEWORK, IIVCXIIDIING WIKE KOPE AND CABIiE— Continued. $2,423,344 128,461 154,028 668 262,296 67,375 67,028 12,769 1,729 19,631 291,119 280,248 1,460 223,415 7,452 7,438 189,118 198,248 277,008 3,877 125,263 24,686 411 15,966 520 55,367 7,984 $29,824 2,728 1,397 3,048 1,000 376 70 907 500 750 190 100 5,141 20 13,598 468, 408 1,249,225 19,815 2,415,821 1,136,232 344,292 78, 131 17,617 86,742 1,896,679 1,990,253 78,226 1,233,528 128,324 9,690 1,129,606 1,427,996 1,277,636 30,843 2,264,510 90,057 6,617 17,339 ■ 8,521 360,568 89,737 $17,352,749 457,946 1,192,503 19,444 2,371,293 1,122,614 • 339,383 76,733 16,652 80,218 1,833,254 1,931,456 72,951 1,210,420 125,042 9,000 1,093,772 1,381,756 1,236,855 30,210 2,196,636 86,583 6,297 16,777 8,200 351,595 86,161 $169,503 1,200 900 156,800 600 $17,193,246 457,945 1,191,303 19,444 2,371,293 1,122,614 339,383 75,733 16,662 80,218 1,833,254 1,931,455 72,951 1,210,417 125,042 9,000 1,093,772 1,380,866 1,236,865 30,210 2,039,836 86,583 6,297 16,777 8,200 350,995 86,161 $248,314 1,376 31,427 179 23,971 6,579 3,095 1,296 187 3,473 48,776 20, 124 1,408 14,022 1,836 375 14,165 17,186 9,480 160 39,750 326 49 115 200 7,094 1,665 $70,357 7,220 10,188 180 11,356 2,559 718 184 704 564 2,631 4,459 1,161 1,092 150 2,540 12,897 6,003 400 2,386 1,926 66 172 96 448 1,269 $76,516 1,837 4,989 8 4,573 1,878 293 169 24 572 7,029 7,828 136 7,144 318 40 13,337 6,422 4,089 73 16,315 279 5 175 25 644 314 $108,275 30 10, 118 4 4,628 2,602 803 749 50 1,915 4,989 26,387 2,570 850 1,128 25 6,692 10,734 22,208 10,424 944 200 787 338 $33,038,495 839,740 2,600,267 36,520 3,759,896 1,696,289 611,693 140,557 62,951 250,297 3,708,586 3,459,024 123,666 2,336,207 188,319 42,664 2,261,225 3,638,901 2,517,151 64,620 3,511,990 208,006 26,622 76,470 23,100 652,676 211,159 Group 4.— WOOD CARPET— Continued. $35,756 $200 $350,937 $331,905 $331,905 $2,123 $5,862 $1,032 $10,026 $801,266 150,886 449,519 200,861 1 9,454 22,870 3,432 62,707 187,084 101,146 61,226 182,649 88,030 61,226 182,649 88,030 1,225 733 165 256 467 309 ■> 3,210 2,642 25 10,000 3 200 4 454 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Oroup 8.— WOOD BISX1I.I.ATION, NOT IIVCIiirDIlVG TlIRPENTllVE AND ROSIN. (See also si>ecial report on Cbemicals.) STATE OR TERRITOEY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWEK. 1 Total. Land. Buildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. .141 810,506,979 $761, 402 $1,311,702 84,394,964 $4,038,911 ■ 112 4,634 Florida 4 9 9 32 7 63 5 12 114,080 269,902 1,333,999 3,199,359 139, 845 5,009,357 44, 310 396, 127 9,250 12,000 16, 345 217, 406 12,855 476, 425 760 16,371 11,500 23, 100 173,000 414, 657 18,900 607, 866 5,700 56,979 85, 000 188,847 838, 714 889,035 93,475 2,073,366 26,950 199,577 8,330 45,955 305,940 1,678,261 14,615 1,851.700 10,910 123,200 4 9 7 31 3 47' 5 6 135 460 366 706 125 2,311 162 369 s 4 ^ New York f] 7 s South Carolina q Oroup 4.— WOOD PRESEKVING. United States. New York Texas Virginia Washington All other states 2 .?2, 934, 935 380,883 707,710 436, 625 215, 100 1,194,617 $153, 533 31, 263 72,000 30,000 20, 270 .5177,367 8,000 71, 757 16, 890 14, 500 66,220 $1,392,973 365, 480 168, 455 98, 000 592, 150 ■ 81,211,062 203, 995 239, 210 179, 280 72, 600 515,977 22 3,494 4 431 3 615 3 1,180 1 52 11 1,216 Oroup 4.— WOOD, XURIVED AND i'ARVED. (See also Luiuber, i>laniiig' mill i>roducts, including sasU, doors, and blinds.) United States. Alabama Arkansas California Connecticut Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states ^ 1,097 816,842,528 .51,431,286 .52,752.650 54,493,037 88,165,655 985 47,896 10 21 IS 39 93, 160 264, 442 64, 502 383,995 64,600 6,400 16,000 7,400 44,388 2,700 13,000 28, 810 9,600 84, 415 5,000 31,250 77,819 25, 685 133,011 33,100 42, 510 141,813 21,917 122, 181 23,800 10 21 12 37 6 628 1,370 228 1, 117 262 69 64 12 18 3 639,374 1,326,484 129, 930 953,656 22, 819 66, 180 127,950 18, 425 93,000 3,000 84,686 194,021 14, 800 185,636 2,600 176,937 361,412 36,803 201,943 7,600 311,571 643, 101 59,802 473,077 9.619 52 60 9 17 3 2,076 4,902 555 1,677 73 .">S III 74 3 1,721,657 23, 295 1,693,239 1, 636, 684 10,550 71,979 1,200 179,542 106, 760 1,000 370, 407 10,300 253,555 202, 244 1,500 393, 815 5,400 ■ 414,601 371,604 3.a50 885, 356 6,395 845, 541 954, 986 4,200 56 4 79 74 2 4,124 90 3,396 3,911 26 8 39 26 38 157 49, 801 487,538 683, 674 342,698 889,739 3,300 42,774 41, 147 47,660 70,060 5,626 67,974 85,223 79,803 147,917 18, 900 117,222 170, 217 86,877 301,538 21,976 269, 668 387,087 128,368 370,234 7 36 26 31 131 305 1,556 1,855 704 2,453 40 i 83 84 11 333, 886 1,469,909 84,306 1,428,620 407,308 25,062 103, 765 20,600 149, 379 61,000 33,970 226,836 6,800 309,261 50,737 124,610 361,285 26, 400 422, 666 89,688 160,244 768, 023 31,506 647, 314 206,983 37 81 75 ■ 10 1,401 4,785 130 3,617 485 1 6 24 8 26 13 , 136, 660 ' 480, 826 144, 846 326,886 85,287 3,450 40,360 21,300 18, 660 6,666 24, 666 99, 444 30,250 50,800 17, 400 60, 468 136,815 68, 187 79, 467 31,200 48,086 204, 207 35,109 177,969 30,022 6 'i 23 12 480 1,857 251 1,541 612 11 6 9 7 37, 914 251, 346 104, 675 79,422 275 16, 720 4, 62.'-, S. 600 1,240 35,011 16,550 12,669 19,100 62,980 33, 825 17, 772 17,299 136,635 49, 675 40,481 10 6 s 154 883 422 172 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: mont, 2; Washington, 1. Alabama, 1; Connecticut, 1; Kentucky,!; Louisiana, 2; Massachusetts, 2; Minnesota, 1; Mississippi, 1; Ver- GENERAL TABLES. 45.1 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 8.— W^OOD UlSTIIiLiATION, NOT INCliUMIVG TURPENTINE AND KOSIN. (See also special report on CUemit-als.i Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OrFICIALS, CLEKKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNEKS. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. (k'uoral superintendents, managers, 3lerks, etc Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. 301 Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 82 S297..'-)28 77 $114, 494 224 W83,034 212 S177, 768 12 85,276 2,835 2,134 1 .-> 8 9.800 3 6. .wn S 9 25 67 7 92 3 26 3,300 6,472 24, 380 52,048 3,840 67,400 1,712 23,882 5 24 52 6 90 3 23 3,300 li, 472 24, 20(1 4:1,323 3,340 66,925 1,712 22, 486 48 88 339 542 67 1,551 40 160 38 63 274 494 47 1,117 20 81 ? 4 19 6 42 4 3 15 32 66 8 135 5 32 12,472 32,360 93,046 5,840 110,661 2,912 30,437 (1 6 nnn ■^ 9 1 43 2 6 7,980 40,998 2,000 43,261 1,200 6,556 1 5 1 2 3' 180 2,725 500 475 i,396 4 6 6 7 8 9 Group 4.-WOOD PRESERVING. 7 115 S15S, 227 20 851,660 95 $106,567 85 $100, 683 10 85,884 1,198 354 1 '2 17 3 ; 54 32. 407 28, 120 23,336 2,800 71,564 1 10,580 1,800 9,600 15 21 13 3 43 21, 827 26,320 13,736 2,800 41,884 13 20 11 3 38 20, 447 26,020 12,966 2, 800 38, 460 2 1 2 1,380 300 780 106 449 172 60 422 30 161 66 22 86 ? 1 3 4 1 5 5 11 29,680 5 3,424 6 Group 4. — TVOOD, TC^RNED AND CARVED. (See also liUniber, iilanlug' uilll i>roducts, including sash, Vloors, and blinds.) 1,226 1,071 $663, 458 $506, 853 119 847, 606 19,488 12, 505 14 22 17 42 12 78 59 26 108 79 4 3 hi 26 4r, 194 49 87 4 114 13 1 11 8 36 13 11 1 9 7 9 26 4 20 7 43 108 7 53 4 39 3 44 92 3 44 13 13 35 24 119 9 72 13 8 46 4 15 12 3 12 10,580 20,983 4,184 12,375 5,940 35.S46 89.247 3,614 5.5. 283 2.SS0 36, 439 2,604 33,098 82, 368 2,600 6,040 39,883 13,609 10,088 29,431 14, 895 132,337 7,540 69, 878 11,004 7.687 41.364 7,997 11,511 6,065 3,900 13, 531 12, 320 3,060 4,625 3,050 2,880 32, 428 2,640 21,775 5,900 4,100 38,938 1,200 10,970 1,000 2,648 10,060 5,400 70,001 3,120 10,929 4,000 2,500 13, 600 7,120 480 2,400 1,600 3,500 10,580 16,358 4,184 9,325 3,060 26,997 56,819 974 33, 508 2,880 30, 639 2,604 28,998 43, 430 2,500 3,840 28,913 12,609 7,440 19, 371 9,495 62, 336 4,420 48, 949 7,004 6,187 27, 764 7,997 4,391 6,675 1,500 12,031 8,820 3,060 15, 279 4,184 8,205 3,060 23, 463 62, 162 658 27,948 2,880 28,881 2,604 25, 492 38,366 2,500 3,840 28, 901 12,219 6,168 18, 851 7,635 63, 282 4,420 47,238 6,016 4,887 26,244 7,600 3,941 5,350 1,500 11,719 6': ■■91 14 I 600 1,079 3, .034 4,667 416 6,660 1,658 3,506 5,074 12 390 1,272 520 1,860 9,064 'i,"7ii' 300 1,520 397 450 225 312 1,020 360 102 377 130 830 58 2,120 43 1,556 1,693 16 106 .588 684 308 1,130 627 1,559 60 1,662 326 215 797 68 468 162 54 204 118 65 146 387 40 227 64 42 305 81 33 161 82 , 9 611 : 10 19 11 1,130 I 12 33 13 1,052 ! 14 979 1 15 13 ! 16 81 ' 17 331 I 18 480 i 19 198 ' 20 702 , 21 344 i 22 1,160 ; 23 29 I 24 1,210 j 25 282 26 122 ! 27 621 I 28 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Arizona, 1; California, 2; Illinois, 1; Indiana, 2; Louisiana, 2; New Jersey, 2; Pennsylvania,!. 'Includes establishments distributed aa follows: Delaware,!; Florida, 2; Indian Territory, 1; Kansas, 2; Utah,,!. 456 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 8.— WOOD DISTIIiliAXlON, NOT INOLiBDlNG TURPENTINE AND ROSIN— Continued. STATE OR TERRITORY. WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. MJSCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United States Florida 2,272 SI, 066, 786 2,272 $1,066,786 8631, 437 $3,869 847,010 ^ 34 64 291 489 51 / 1,249 21 83 13,797 16,663 166, 125 218,031 16, 469 697,743 4,222 43, 746 34 64 291 489 61 1,249 21 83 13,797 16, 653 166, 125 218,031 16, 469 697,743 4,222 43,746 7,564 10, 960 85,547 233,347 6,630 229,079 2,176 56, 144 120 60 368 513 11,219 14,827 890 16,970 211 2,012 3 4 Michigan 1 S New York 1 300 6 1 7 i,758 200 1,421 8 9 All otlier states . . . 1 , 1- Group 4.— WOOD PRESERVING— Continued. 1 United States 737 $314,664 731 8313, 699 6 $965 $232, 633 $28,010 $11,494 ■> 64 304 123 29 217 39,098 117,026 31,468 18,760 108,333 64 298 123 29 217 39,098 116,060 31,458 18,750 108, 333 48,938 79,388 20,373 4,399 79,535 19,799 4,011 1,947 877 618 4,041 3 Texas 6 966 4 Virginia 600 931 6,680 .■i 6 All other states Group 4.— AVOOD, TURNED AND CARVED— Continued. United States Alabama Arkansas California Connecticut Georgia : . Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri New Hampshire . . . New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states 14, 687 165 403 63 274 70 629 1,221 82 702 44 1,454 34 1,281 1,226 16 74 421 568 236 805 377 1,207 43 1,369 308 162 618 45 351 97 39 173 92 $6,031,148 51,999 153,716 48,538 118,465 23, 412 338, 647 514,456 39,003 276, 447 26, 064 577, 499 13,884 457, 641 527, 520 6,600 29,429 198,807 224,088 128,095 443, 115 91,804 489, 543 24, 110 615, 608 114, 168 43, 128 212, 357 31, 868 131,231 28,605 21,891 64,271 44, 646 22,603 13, 977 166 399 62 267 70 686 1,177 78 700 44 1,326 33 1,206 1,165 15 74 419 561 213 788 344 1,188 42 1,228 291 160 570 45 326 93 38 164 92 49 $5, 870, 480 51,999 152,996 48, 460 116, 835 23, 412 327,723 604, 874 38, 067 276, 167 25,064 643,520 13,728 443, 464 515, 973 5,600 29, 429 198, 452 222, 524 121, 195 440,045 87,992 486, 144 23,850 479, 546 109, 603 42,948 202, 973 31,868 127,048 28, 223 21,657 61,952 44,546 22,603 $106,061 116 1. 630 10, 209 7,061 936 31,797 "ti'm 9,115 1,380 4,336 1,998 2,072 260 19, 531 200 5,844 '2,'862' $54, 607 715 2,621 2,182 156 7,287 2,432 355 184 2,564 1,072 3,812 1,327 16, 531 4,355 180 3,540 1,381 382 234 2,319 81,346,844 4,156 30, 346 9,031 24, 824 6,678 96,432 114,948 7,860 43, 296 5,393 109,918 1, 534 140, 849 142, 386 728 3,393 36, 103 34, 434 32,060 99,538 10, 659 159, 095 3,814 89, 625 I 36,460 8,678 27, 852 6,176 22, 473 4,670 6,588 14, 544 4,779 9,635 $152, 110 1,698 5,427 3,315 825 23,650 2,809 1,126 641 72 3,667 .384 14, 359 5,190 283 1 3,303 3,113 5,352 43,806 949 8,434 1,404 10, 153 1.001 860 1,198 340 3,941 668 2,076 1,600 86 480 $85, 364 442 1,000 377 1,367 418 2,181 8,809 566 3,537 60 197 8,377 13,917 109 179 1,901 2,008 2,104 2,809 1,361 10, 323 236 4,391 1,401 697 1,870 384 2,502 248 165 1,358 491 390 GENERAL TABLES. 457 SrATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued. Group 8.— WOOD mSTILiLATION, NOT INCLUDING TITRPENTINK AND ROSIN— Continued. MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd. ™ST OF MATERIALS USEB. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent ot offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. S578. 251 Rent ol power and heat. Mill sup- plies. S23. 4,S0 Fieight. Total. Purclia.sed in raw state. Purchased in partially manulacturcd form (includ- ing "all other materials"). S558, 598 121,970 .?4. 847, 770 $4,193,905 .?1, 806, 662 82,387,253 S850 J51,284 S7, 813, 483 7,066 10, 387 52,828 218,220 5,740 209, 881 1,765 52, 711 31,127 35, 857 1 350,854 2.479,941 26, 764 1 1,708,505 i 6,809 207,913 26, 327 34,087 235, 162 2,338,080 18, 736 1,339,654 6,746 196,113 21,005 25, 075 195,092 316, 139 11,816 1,193,034 4,629 39,802 5,262 9,012 40,070 2,021,941 6,920 146,620 1,117 166,311 4,300 1,133 97,096 132,226 3,691 328, 731 825 10, 349 600 637 6,112 3,065 320 12,042 238 576 i2,'i84' 6,080 4,117 28,028 85,240 80, 674 738, 264 3,367,087 74, 531 3,092,687- 14,418 370, 592 21,500 300 500 470 ,50 875 Group 4.— WOOD PKESERVING— Continued. 1 S1.%.C.46 1 86. 483 82,462,860 S2. 345. 063 $119,415 82, 225, 648 $99, 737 $420 89,863 $7, 777 $3,368,480 1 25,128 . . 75, 631 18,896 .. """i'sio'i 251,623 1,238,938 246, 419 180, 110 545, 870 235,863 1,183,447 237, 320 178. 490 509,943 236, 863 1, 183, 447 237,320 64, 140 604,878 10,882 64,574 8,299 120 300" 977 887 500 1,620 5,879 3,681 30 4,' 066' 391,672 1,502,978 352, 371 222, 650 898,809 ■> 3 4 2,000 64,991 850 : 3.823 114,360 6,065 ^ 26,982 f, Group 4.— WOOD, TURNED AND CARVED— Continued. .51,037,192 3,714 23, 147 3,027 20,142 5,435 48,426 100, 113 6,169 36,568 6,271 86, 026 953 115,584 117, 839 336 2,651 30,114 29,238 23,604 50,089 8,349 135,938 2,174 74,681 24, 655 6,101 24, 784 5,452 16,030 3,754 3,307 10, .654 4.202 8. 765 •572,17 4,500 200 22, 175 3,217 2,560 11,016 2,629 6,440 562 785 75 1,000 2,834 4,400 400 8,393 1,020 50 1,032 $8, 678, 415 70, 660 201,336 36,000 109, 887 29,680 453, 381 872, 875 81,241 599, 418 26,110 667, 607 14,657 474, 310 588, 809 6,057 69,673 310,381 286, 647 152,019 438, 833 187,901 1,062,140 19,888 563, 443 145,883 42,514 464,020 41,115 163, 298 28,474 17,692 231,015 8,5,285 38, 366 8,114,127 68, 379 186,874 33, 275 100, 402 28, 536 432,146 801, 105 67, 430 590, 336 24, 191 640,641 13,610 448, 860 626,895 5,287 66,512 291,116 274,054 141,514 412, 353 179,955 1,031,581 18,549 534,952 140, 102 38, 832 442,000 39,036 164,776 27, 189 16,014 225,039 79, 331 34, 2.58 $2,337,978 , 31,096 163. 796 i;ioo 18, 492 13, 500 73, 852 441,591 24,074 44,285 12, 480 209, 569 650 12,959 203,080 20, 689 166, 607 14,935 8,424 73, 874 84,945 394,368 3,000 96,329 840 29,215 92,884 34, 695 12, 787 1,620 33, 610 16,072 2,760 37,283 23,078 32, 175 81,910 15,035 358, 294 369,, 514 43, 366 546, 061 11,711 431,072 12,960 435, 901 322,816 6,287 45, 823 124, 608 259, 119 133,090 338, 479 95,010 637, 213 15,549 438, 623 139, 262 9,617 349, 116 39,035 120, 181 14, 402 14,394 191, 429 63,2.59 31,498 $108, 433 300 1,270 1,162 4,551 700 6,247 9,828 2, 264 1,282 53 3,425 690 4,362 18, 660 170 3,131 1,599 1,733 10, 199 450 12, 557 2,114 2,830 1,605 1,309 207 616 23 816 651 170 ,?.T2,062 1,248 1,909 8,496 670 2,040 752 7,627 3,617 260 675 1.063 12, 169 296 2,975 384 3,588 810 S112, 697 1,981 3,112 290 1,259 446 3,023 11,253 738 2,347 251 10,204 257 6,663 14, 371 600 2,401 6,319 4,870 1,650 4,361 2,555 8,376 205 5,303 752 852 11,053 256 3.306 4.59 3.115 668 324 $191,096 10, 080 25 1,766 3,470 50, 019 10,819 3,413 615 12,585 6,898 26, 366 760 10,656 4,349 1,403 2,670 3,362 9,009 300 7,043 2,106 9,362 616 3,989 210 608 2,045 4,845 1,909 $20,169,173 1 148,714 533, 579 130, 434 352, 590 77, 335 1, 139, 665 1,903,464 154, 609 1,123,238 75, 150 1, 640, 816 39,012 1,279,827 1,566,962 16, 200 115,361 703, 750 633, 653 401,863 1,298,572 397, 729 2,213,514 72, 530 1, 469, 113 337, 874 105,502 927,347 106, 499 392, 879 78, 762 69,291 390,989 177,747 104, 713 458 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 4.— WOODENWAKE, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED. (See also Cooperage.) STATE OE TERRITORY. Number of estab- lish- ments. CAPITAL. POWER. Total. Land. Boildings. Machinery, tools, and implements. Cash and sun- dries. Number o( estab- lish- ments re- porting. Total horse- power. 1 United States 202 , ?7, 223, 604 Jl, 156, 737 tl, 217, 83b »1, 748, 681 S3, 100, .350 175 18,185 Illinois •> 17 5 15 17 34 I 9 27 5 32 12 3 5 12 212,845 32,540 323,794 304,606 2,120,602 86,380 32,643 43,966 603,332 108,800 554,747 294,400 1,713,800 473,966 317, 193 6,600 790 10,913 34,650 378,672 16,075 6,100 10,000 36,622 26,600 50,376 40,100 464,653 44.042 43; 846 60,688 1,800 47,420 79,080 277,541 40,176 4,200 8,860 113,854 12,500 100,549 63,800 184,942 175,828 56,609 49,199 1,860 84,588 65,647 486,539 30,630 8,600 7,630 143,8.34 27,800 149,709 120,460 308,384 99,427 104, 494 96,468 28,100 180,873 126,329 977,850 600 14,743 17,486 310, 022 42,900 254, 114 80,060 705,821 153,769 112,246 15 6 13 16 34 2 2 22 4 26 12 3 5 10 548 341 84,T 1,003 6,359 614 275 13 1,503 83 1,505 982 1,510 1,900 804 s Indiana 4 5 Massacliusetts 6 7 8 9 Michigan Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey 10 11 12 13 14 16 16 Ohio : Pennsylvania Vermont Virginia Wisconsin All other states 1, .. Group 2.— WOOI. PUL,l,ING. 1 34 S2, 534. 329 8229,258 $283,986 3193,566 Sl,82"(,229 25 1,350 9 3 3 3 4 8 13 33,200 371,639 30,300 259,872 1,370,208 468,910 3,500 51,200 6,500 9,000 127,250 31,808 6,000 82,800 10,200 17,1)00 110,000 57,986 1,700 27,009 1,100 24,365 79,200 60, 182 22,000 210,630 12,. 500 209, 507 1,053,758 318,934 3 3 1 3 8 10 245 35 210 300 660 4 5 Missouri New York 6 •7 All other states * , . Group a.— WOOL SCOURING. 1 United States . . 27 SI, 18"., 716 .S133,969 S192,626 ,5466,390 1394,731 26 3,488 *> 4 6 3 14 83,683 398,120 146, 000 559,913 40,809 179,981 62, .'iOO 183, 100 42,874 66,394 61,000 244, 463 4 6 3 13 253 1,600 241 1,494 3 Massachusetts , 94,419 3,500 36,0.50 67,326 29,000 96,300 4 >; All other states 3 'Includes establishments distributed as follows: Califonua,l; Connecticut, 1; lowa,l; Kentucky, 1; Louisiana, 1; Mississippi, 1; North Carolina, 2; Tennessee, 2; Washington, 1; West Virginia, 1. ^Includes estabhshments distributed as follows: California, 2; Connecticut,!; Kentucky, 1; Maine, 1; Michigan,!; New Jersey,!; Ohio,!; Utah. 2; Washing- ton, 2; Wisconsin, I. GENERAL TABLES. STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 4.— WOOJBENWARE, NOT EI.SEWHEUE SPECIFIED. (See also Cooperage.) 459 Proprie- tors and firm raern- bers. SALAKTED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EAENEBS. Aggregate. Officers of corporations. General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc. Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total. Men. Women. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. 205 327 8359,708 69 S130,763 268 S228,945 200 J205,1S4 68 S23,761 8,283 6,577 1 13 6 19 26 33 2 6 10 27 3 36 13 1 1 10 26 4 10 15 85 7 23,807 2,100 8,177 10,236 122, 105 9,358 4 3 1 7,800 1,500 800 22 1 9 16 66 4 16,007 600 7,377 10,236 71,855 1,775 17 1 9 9 52 4 13,857 600 7,377 8,186 66,749 1,776 5 2,150 332 40 331 249 2,581 269 50 32 701 107 597 438 1,016 1,093 ■447 139 30 140 179 1,946 36 28 19 438 73 349 264 864 759 313 2 3 4 6 13 2,650 6,106 5 20 3 50,260 7,683 6 7 8 2 31 12 36 16 23 29 31 1,686 29,506 11,360 31,614 13,600 33,478 32,350 30,431 2 23 9 26 14 18 25 25 1,686 17,266 6,360 20,024 10,000 18, 678 22,350 24,731 2 15 6 18 7 18 22 20 1,686 12,680 6,200 17,284 7,700 18,078 21,160 23,262 9 8 3 ID 2 5 4 6 12,240 5,000 11,490 3,600 14,800 10,000 5,700 8 3 8 7 4,586 1,160 2,740 2,300 10 u 12 13 14 3 5 1,200 1,469 15 16 Gx'Oiip wool. PULIilNO. 40 65 $74,415 16 $26, 739 49 $47,676 43 $43,876 6 $3^800 944 462 1 4 5 3 5 9 14 1 6 1 7 13 37 600 6,820 1,000 11,339 18,500 36,156 1 6 1 6 10 25 600 6,820 1,000 10,450 8,900 19,906 1 6 600 6,820 44 91 33 115 286 375 18 29 7 56 185 168 •> 3 1 1,000 4 i i" 3 12 889 9,600 16,2.50 6 9 21 10,450 8,500 17,506 5 1 4 400 2,400 6 7 Group 3 WOOL, SCOURING. 18 55 ,577,694 1 15 828,760 40 $48,984 37 7 16 3 11 $47,414 3 $1,520 1,067 649 1 6 2 8 20 5 22 8,3.54 28,340 11,400 29,600 8 18 3 11 8,364 26,140 3,600 10,840 7,834 25,140 3,600 10,840 1 2 520 1,000 172 417 114 364 23 302 41 283 •> 9 !• 1? 2,200 7,800 18,760 3 10 n 3 Includes establishments distributed as follows: ^rltansas, 1; Colorado, 2; Connecticut,!; Illinois, 2; Minnesota,!; Missouri,!; New Jersey, 2; Oregon, 2; Penn- sylvam'a, !; Rbode Island, 1. 460 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTKIES, BY Group 4.— TVOODENIVARE, NOT EI,SEVPHEKE SPECIFIED— Continued. STATE OE TEERITOEY. , WAGE-EAKNERS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. Total. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. Average number. Wages. 1 United states 6,594 82,357,494 6,351 82,077,633 980 S224,688 263 , $55,173 $718, 412 $28,725 $77,909 2 217 21 200 198 2,167 54 ■ 31 25 558 90 416 323 982 948 364 102,654 6,675 74,420 93,267 736,119 32,291 14,124 14,992 213, 188 31,309 165, 790 106,679 249,081 387,847 129, 168 214 14 139 189 1,614 41 31 25 482 85 320 193 837 888 279 101,829 5,425 57,606 91,192 608,874 26,991 14, 124 14, 992 195,136 30,267 140, 160 78,532 223,361 371,195 118,959' 2 500 1 7 7 8 94 13 225 1,250 1,640 1,475 18, 416 6,300 39,556 1,496 21,995 23,923 232, 161 2,686 2,143 4,390 46, 335 18, 458 45,476 20,688 105,948 91,071 63, 187 9,630 700 1,786 716 402 36 874 230 1,183 3,249 23, 165 607 267 \273 1,954 428 1,681 986 2,100 38,396 2,516 3 Indiana 4 64 1 459 15,174 600 108,830 5 Massacliusetts 6 7 Missouri 8 New Hampshire q 656 5,047 1,960 5,736 655 in 76 3 81 113 138 17,672 702 21,970 25,947 25, 263 1 2 15 17 7 60 31 380 350 3,660 2,200 457 16,652 2,169 11 12 13 14 Ohio Pennsylvania Vermont Virginia H 16 54 8,030 1,602 Group 3.— WOOIi rULililNG— Continued. 1 1 United States 681 $364, '.'54 680 $364, 394 1 asfin $128, 396 $15, 462 S6,723 .-- 2 Illinois 28 53 12 93 232 263 13,0o7 24,735 5,200 61,230 112,401 158, 121 28 63 12 92 232 263 13,067 24,735 5,200 60,870 112,401 158,121 3,610 18,324 4.718 23,5ai 31,683 46,467 1,937 600 452 2,044 308 637 1,989 1,293 4 Missouri 1 360 4,600 1,900 6,425 6 Ppnnsyl'vfl.Tiip. 7 All other states Group 2 — wool. SCOURING— Continued. 1 United States California Massachusetts 779 3397,811 702 $375, 578 67 819,610 ■10 $2,623 $149, 165 $17,460 $8,001 2 92 357 64 266 51,676 179, 170 24, 482 142,483 65 351 30 256 42,886 177,672 15,267 139,763 27 8,790 22,160 78,698 12,235 36,062 9,910 900 189 4,515 772 2,525 3 , 6. 1,498 4 34 6 9,226 1,696 t^ All other states 4 1,126 6,650 UENERAL TABLES. STATES AND TflRKITORIES: 190.5— Continued. liroup -i — WOODKNWAKE, NOT ELSI]: VVHKRf]: SPECIFIED— Continued. 461 MISCELLANEOUS EX- PENSES— Cont'd . COST OF MATERIALS USED. Value ol products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. Rent ol offices, interest, etc. Contract work. Aggregate. Principal materials. Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill .'Sup- plies. Freight. Total. Purchased in i-MW state. Purchased in partially loanufactnred form (includ- ing "all other niaterltils"). $535,161 ' .S76.617 S3, 878, 015 83,708,223 $1,117,059 $2,691,164 $38, 572 $6, 188 $36, 239 .$89,793 $8,531,492 1 27,622 566 18,999 19,958 1,430 , 197, 193 14,648 95,063 159,600 1.259,038 16.629 184.202 13,975 811.211 150.257 1,164,363 15,680 8. .379 io.'ooo' 33,865 1,260 545,530 400 3,376 1 , 928 18.304 184, 202 3,976 65,346 148,997 618,833 15,280 5,004 14,242 340,767 45,591 204, 632 63, 180 406,069 389, 565 95, 601 3,737 508 2,161 4,595 8,683 900 10 912 6,151 1,080 4,474 225 1,844 1,417 1,744 ', 1,031 1 6,479 30 35 1,444 1,221 1,026 169 -i ■^7^ l 9nfi 431, 179 .30,088 231,077 379 717 2 3 4 133, 594 75.000 .13,492 72,500 49 ' 184 5 35 163 2,160 3,892 ■?K?, ' 440 2,966;225 ' 6 83 350 7 i 1.943 ! i 1.S76 8. 578 33,202 47,805 739, 199 123, 474 610,617 265,560 923,012 1,181,036 486, 052 8 ; 3. 501 ; 38.234 1 16; 070 60 100 17.470-: 16,170 370.484 |, 369,061 48,006 1' 45,691 268,610 ,, 248.311 98,853 ■ 95.540 629.287 .525.131 . 627.408 621.411 190 220 610 9 10 38,060 1 19,047 i 103,848 52. 676 i 59, 169 43,779 32, 360 119,062 231,856 75, 340 879 2,566 2,380 10 2' 112 900 300 4,280 1.630 I'i 177.2-lS 170,941 2,876 602 1,300 16 Group a. -WOOL, PirL,I,ING— Continued. Group 3 — WOOL, SCOURING— Continued. $106,211 $103,984 t .872,820 872,820 $20,434 $408 S3, 168 $7, 154 8881,706 1 1,221 1 15,680 ' 2,412 4,754 - 875 6,363 24,887 65,693 1,934 50 200 1,756 12, 185 66, 695 1,934 50 200 1,756 12,185 66,695 462 2,629 665 2,404 7,344 7,040 187' 22i' 26 348 10 849 768 1,177 i,827 '"'i67" 4,600 560 34,424 66,615 13,440 105,897 291,080 370,260 *) 4.410 ^ 18.3.57 .- 27.794 fi .38.749 7 $123,694 ' $214. 624 $125, 552 3125, 562 $58,781 $15,789 .511. Ill $3, .391 $1,052,909 12,061 29,562 71,778 18,287 96, 007 20,209 35,391 11,563 58,389 20,209 36,391 11,663 58,389 6,579 19,432 3,942 28,828 1. 429 12,778 2,582 ; 2.3.36 1,686 200 li.SOO 2,491" 906" 120,277 432,201 90, 898 409. 533 73 283 ^ 11.463 j ^(j 887 r, 1 462 MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Croni> 2.-WOOl,EN GOODS. (See also Carpets and rugs, ottoer than rag; Felt goods; Hosiery and knit goods; Worsted goods; and special report on W^ool manufactures.) STATE OR TERRITORY. United States. Arkansas California — Connecticut. Georgia Illinois Indiana — Iowa Kentucky. Maine Maryland. Massachusetta . . . Micliigijn Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire . 17 New Jersey 18 NewYork North Carolina . Ohio Oregon Number of estab- lish- ments. Pennsylvania . Rhode Island. Tennessee Utah Veiinont Virginia West Virginia WLsconsin All other states i . 13 10 _'l 66 4 131 15 16 5 41 16 41 12 23 144 32 27 Total. SJ 40, 302, 488 Land. 28, 150 961,281 10,651,584 814. 694 1,029,>>61 1,644,517 713,225 1,935,902 14,990,211 1,686,684 42,637,589 767,350 633, 726 511,664 i 10, b50, 596 3, 669, 760 6,213.044 418, 733 1,707,826 1,271.9.S2 lfi.y9S,766 6.8!0.265 2, 309. 772 440.9)5 5.059,649 1,046,094 425,611 1,807,341 1,769,707 810,223,761 1,150 76, 000 528, 640 35,025 65,776 51,200 35, 550 216, 122 897,994 135, 738 3,630,643 20, 600 136,125 35, 600 1,090,333 171,650 322, 276 43,267 133,037 67,397 SO;,, 374 087,720 44. 595 25. 250 643,366 47,250 16,880 107,430 88,178 Buildings. 821,226,963 2,750 129, 696 1,722,541 128, 118 96,986 275,760 93,778 296,783 2,210,444 232, 048 6,918,608 103,672 108, 100 65,013 1,640,003 682, 438 925, 585 76,618 356, 742 131,044 2, 342, 603 960,780 838, 962 67, 500 931,995 181,264 88,119 251,612 367. 491 Machinery, tools, and implements. $35,090,659 16, 300 295, 826 2,370,208 271,666 292, 546 536,017 199, 437 612,078 3,447,179 395,738 9, 328, 163 200, 298 155,175 114, 908 2,996,171 1,014,338 1,329,263 137, 834 438, 164 324, 545 4,831,197 2,047,366 492,238 94, 600 1,624,856 S07, 901 127,807 452, S7S 637,379 Cash and sun- dries. $73,761,215 7,960 460, 760 6,030,195 ' 379,995 674, 543 782, 640 384, 460 810, 919 8,434,594 923, 160 23,660,175 442,780 234, 326 296, 143 5, 124, 089 1,801,334 3, 635, 916 161,014 779, 283 748,996 8,065,591 3,114,404 933, 977 259, 665 2, 459, 442 609, 679 192, 806 996,821 666, 669 Number of estab- lish- ments re- porting. POWER. 784 13 10 20 66 4 131 15 16 16 38 12 23 7 142 32 Group 2.— WOKSXED OOODS. (See also AVoolen goods; and special report on "Wool manufactui-es.) Total horse- power. 163.79-! 93 1,026 13,289 1,181 1,160 1,962 1,102 2,201 16, 444 2,210 48, 381 1,286 941 332 13, 365 4,768 8,427 849 1,842 956 17,914 7,357 2,843 623 7,133 1,666 726 2,198 1,600 1 United States 226 «162, 464, 929 111,766,470 320,201,400 $41,696,093 $88,901,960 225 130,620' 9 11 6 49 3 15 !0 74 60 3 6 4,379,180 2,662,193 59, 563, 759 3, .500, 030 14,382,076 9,443,732 27,385,436 38,789,543 838, 691 1,354,683 90, 300 34,388 6,399,921 121,668 281,049 238,000 946,711 3,583,035 21,608 44, 790 384.636 283,283 8.121.171 430,000 2,401,176 707,027 2,900,385 4.658,882 67,423 347,524 801, 455 522, 266 15,592,832 736, 187 4,033,862 3, 180, 782 6,921,198 9,054,097 194,888 657, 526 3,102,889 1,722,266 29,449,835 2,272,781 7,665,990 6,322,923 10,617,142 21,. 588, 529 254,772 904,843 11 6 49 3 15 9 74 50 3 6 2,160 1 2,812 :] 46, 474 5,628 9,649 7 10,317 21,590 29, 528 343 2,119 1 AL.Li OTHER INDrSTKIES. TTnitcd States 3. $460,237 $68,208 $236,430 *8, 100 $167,499 666 1 Includes establishments distributed as lollows: Alabama, 1; Delaware, 2; Idaho, 1; Kansas, 2; Mississippi, 1; North Dakota, 1; Texas, 1; Washington, 1. 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Ohio, 2; Texas, 1; We,9t Virginia, 2. GENERAL TABLES. 463 STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 3.- -WOOliEN UOOI)!^. (See also Carpets and rugs, other than rag; Felt goods; Hosiery and knit goods; ^Vorsted goods; and special report on Wool inanul'actnres.) Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. SALARIED OrriCIALS, CLEKKS, ETC. WAGE-EAENEKS, Aggregate. Offieers of corporations. General superintendents, manager.'^, clerks, etc. Greatest number f'juployed at any one time dur- ing the year. Lea.-Jt number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total, Men. ! \\'omon. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries. Number. Salaries, Number, Salarii'S . Number, Salaries. 729 2,477 83,430,855 4,JS $1,040,766 2,019 $2,390,089 •1,7S2 $2,263,495 237 $126,594 82,241 62,.'!65 1 6 1 38 4 8 10 5 26 • 34 3 100 20 15 32 13 41 15 34 3 186 26 22 1 17 23 13 27 4 36 614 6,231 731 607 1,161 285 990 8,183 905 24,831 653 368 245 5,643 3,097 3,838 420 813 641 10,796 4,001 1,718 299 2,539 699 326 1,029 744 20 230 4,809 633 398 946 226 801 6,013 802 18,672 410 343 146 4,810 2,608 , 2,900 351 606 533 8,049 2,989 1,293 279 1,914 537 256 811 681 •> 25 202 17 37 35 17 47 22S 3S 685 28 15 177 62 160 23 41 25 296 111 44 9 98 29 21 53 ,38 33,,3S5 293,213 21,698 .53,001 49,2,52 15,946 69,282 325,216 41,687 932,049 24,060 34,300 11,510 213,706 81,387 241,258 21,040 64,342 42,605 362,462 134,754 54,350 8,240 152,600 28,637 24,190 60,448 46,437 10 60 5 4 13 6 18 40 4 106 10 3 23 9 25 6 16 6 ^ 38 13 14 1 10 4 6 10 7 16,270 110,450 11,200 11,000 26,720 6,900 42,090 80,665 14,800 295,848 9,136 6,000 2,400 37,868 24,432 98,161 8,026 26,890 16,600 72,304 22,936 30,700 1,800 21,600 7,300 11,500 14,100 16,091 15 152 12 33 22 ii 29 188 34 479 17 26 13 154 43 135 17 26 20 267 98 30 8 88 26 16 43 31 17,115 182,763 10,398 42,001 23,, 532 10,046 27,192 244,561 26,887 636,201 14,924 28,300 9,110 175,838 56,965 143, 107 13,015 27,452 27,006 290,158 111,818 23,650 6,440 131,000 21,237 12,690 46,348 30,346 13 147 12 30 20 10 26 172 30 406 10 25 11 129 41 98 16 24 18 233 91 28 7 80 26 15 38 28 16,280 179,973 10,398 40,851 22,400 9,546 25,552 237,563 25,471 597,111 13,556 28,300 8,180 162,692 66,360 116,260 12,216 26,862 25,625 278,764 108,391 23,130 5,900 126,268 21,237 12,690 44,284 28,746 2 5 835 2,790 3 4 3 2 1 3 16 4 73 7 1,150 1,132 500 1,640 6,998 1,416 39,090 1,368 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 25 2 .37 2 1 2 24 7 2 1 8 930 13,246 596 27,847 800 600 1,380 11,394 3,427 520 540 4,732 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 26 97 ''S 5 3 2,064 1,600 29 30 Group a.— WORSTED GOODS. (See also W^oolen goods; and special report on W^ool manufactures.) 188 1,847 $2,904,960 207 $712,129 1,640 82,192,831 1,479 $2,108,380 161 $84,461 78,244 68,869 1 1 2 40 78 56 451 30 216 146 603 325 11 32 122,534 65,772 767,016 43,666 358,961 214,797 749,175 519,668 23,160 40,221 16 6 46 4 20 8 55 42 2 8 44,800 11,392 166,368 13,001 80,50'0 7,880 207,970 166,563 16|665 62 49 406 26 196 138 448 283 9 24 77,734 64,380 600,668 30,665 278,461 206,917 541,206 363,096 16,160 23,556 57 43 346 24 189 129 409 254 21 76,702 51,338 .570,970 29,636 275,171 201,7,32 621,161 346,244 16,440 21,986 6 6 59 2 9 39 29 2 3 2,032 3,042 29,688 1,029 3,290 5,185 20,044 17,851 720 1,,570 1,978 1,793 24,312 2,009 6,380 4, 1,38 16,198 19,947 248 1,241 1,646 1,566 17,242 1,183 6,491 3,446 11,622 15,671 174 929 2 3 4 5 24 20 S3 18 6 7 8 9 10 11 Alil, OXHEK INDUSTRIES. $9,243 .?9,243 7,543 ^Includes establishments distributed as follows; Millstones, 2: pulp, fron: fiber other than wood, 1; wh.alebone cutting, 2. 46-t MANUFACTURES. Table 5.— SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY Group 3.— WOOIiEN GOODS— Continued. 10 11 STATE OR TERRITORY. United states . ArJcansas... California . . . Connecticut . Georgia Illinois Indiana.. . Iowa Kentucky. Maine Maryland. Massachusetts . . . Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire . New -Jersey. . . ._ . New York. North Carolina . . Ohio Oregon WiGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Total. Average number. 72, 747 Pennsylvania . Rhode Island . Tennessee Utah Vermont Virginia West Virginia. . . Wisconsin .Ml other states. 5,618 647 446 993 246 917 7,087 21,969 482 343 160 4,982 2,676 3,473 343 722 566 9, 674 3,623 1,415 284 2,235 649 290 928 Wages. S28, 827, 556 2,947 159, 400 2,296,483 129, 187 162,065 305,702 89,231 261,468 2,876,065 235, 558 9, 494, 489 169,676 129, 137 60, 740 2,220,103 970,704 1,422,969 70, 813 236, 794 219,742 3, 604, 199 1,659,659 327,202 89,254 922,825 179, 242 106, 944 310, 450 225,618 Men 16 years and over. Average number. 44, 452 6 266 3,828 I 293 ' 230 401 137 299 4,684 485 14,220 268 180 102 3,344 1,476 2,127 167 326 311 6,334 2,436 507 139 1,565 367 203 467 334 Waees Average wages. number. Women 16 years and over. $19,850,062 1,742 104, 547 1,702,339 65,912 104, 129 163,988 67,765 123, 336 2,029,697 167, 828 6,635,962 112,341 75, 474 37, 415 1,634,420 603,380 970, 405 43, 145 131,074 160,788 2, 374, 188 1,129,347 160,017 54, 100 689, 136 118,254 85,001 192,765 141,558 Wages. 24,662 58,184,449 4 168 1,627 247 212 671 109 483 2,283 246 6,883 212 161 58 1,531 1,043 1,259 150 377 ■ 216 3,302 1,077 564 119 624 238 80 415 293 995 53,429 S56,742 49, 694 57, 327 138, 426 31, 466 114, 398 797, 760 61,726 2, 609, 940 66,849 63,097 13, 326 561,789 342, 372 434, 637 24, 666 102, 741 63, 078 1,021,068 408, 717 116, 664 31,191 223, 662 53, 638 19, 846 109, 793 75, 533 Children under 16 years. Average number. 3,743 1 6 163 107 4 135 160 117 866 2 2 Wages. $793,066 210 1,424 37,402 13, 581 609 3,288 23,724 48,618 16,004 248, 587 486 566 1.57 87 26 19 1,038 110 344 26 46 64 7 46 63 23, 894 24, 952 17,927 3,112 2,979 5,876 208,943 21, 495 50, 521 3,963 10,028 7,360 1,097 7,892 8.527 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Total. $8, 218, 766 475 109, 146 565, 872 36, 868 50, 294 117,586 33, 664 131,375 1,015,149 70,016 2,249,956 83,997 51,923 18, 685 556, 738 242,295 585, 608 24,433 170,391 122,853 943,243 375,517 147,334 23,564 188,379 49,285 22, 435 163,203 79,482 Group 3.— WOKSTED GOODS— Continued. Rent of works. Taxes, not including internal revenue. S288,640 .$646,223 1,460 21,150 460 2,660 360 3 4,700 84, 267 4,000 800 6,870 8,264 13,646 200 2,400 97,010 28, 546 236 100 7,175 450 45 I 1,240 2,600 United ,Stati Connecticut Maine Massachusetts . . . New Hampshire. New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Rhode Island Wisconsin All other states . . 09,251 826,269,787 1,811 1,656 21,182 1,699 6,024 3,708 14,029 17, 987 209 1,046 701,941 637,774 8, 328, 364 534, 969 1,857,461 1,324,312 4,971,943 7,542,920 70,929 299,184 29,883 1,176 836 10, 105 399 2,083 1,558 4,767 8,664 82 223 $14,493,966 607, 622 392,941 4,827,373 162, 168 936, 281 675, 320 2.418,191 4. 423, 374 43, 798 107,907 32, 130 .$10,379,164 517 666 9,646 1,124 3,326 1,914 6,837 7,647 110 664 172, 186 217,996 3,148,040 354, 182 836, 121 600,371 2,098,094 2,776,710 24, 861 161,604 7,2.38 118 164 1,631 76 016 236 2,425 1,786 17 269 SI, 396, 668 22,134 26,8.37 3.52, 961 18,619 87, 859 48, 621 465, 658 342,836 2,280 39, 673 $8,301,579 220,040 211,886 1,626,340 240,216 893, 573 634, 663 2,066,260 2,088,286 26, 804 293, 622 S432. 728 17,550 4,045 81,043 2,100 6,740 123,048 127, 680 70,622 165 4,745 41, 168 2,880 4,841 9,009 2,695 6,408 70, 444 9,905 254,665 7,056 4,743 1, 107 44,243 19,340 23,740 2,647 10, 591 34, 676 27, 819 12,013 2,736 13,487 5,989 1,796 9,986 10,994 $600, 069 13, 490 5,630 239, 374 23, 023 26, 878 25, 157 31,544 128, 457 1,843 6,673 .\L,l, OTHEK INDIISTKIES— Continued. United States $33,916 GENERAL TABLEb. STATES AND TERRITORIES; 1905— Continued. «;roiii> 2 WOOI/KN «;OOI)>i-ContinU('d. -..,0 I )IST OF .MATERIALS USED. Purchased in partially manufactured form (includ- ing " all otiier materials '■). *35. 000, Ii92 1,802 92,952 2,849,497 169, 363 149,872 143, 187 61,913 308,807 2,779,102 166, 444 4. .581. 638 2,204,912 316,019 40.860 1,620,422 206,924 83,281 256,248 142,525 Fuel. Rent of power and heat. Mill sup- plies. Freight. Value of products, in- cluding CU5- 1 toni work and repairing. 650 10.8112 241,605 12, 120 15,413 34,791 18, 260 30, 08B 306.223 19,824 12.690,172 897.671 81,590 33, 133 63,365 12,998 50, 372 5,176 3, 042, .585 184,2i;3 1.059.022 85, 702 1.401.839 112.2,83 73,931 11,671 368, 868 21, 222 96.2,80 11.821 S74.181 81,319,706 180 7,329 600 i 1,000 2,461 j 300 ! 95 7.854 70 8,372 6,258 123,822 98, 590 9,690 4,921 2,976 3,960 6,905 3.687 2,748 3,989 13, .508 10.0.37 130,648 131,728 3,620 9.083 2,983 360 2,542 2,535 9,500 414 1,501 400 229,269 I 28.077 136,220 I 5.. 8.50 19,220 ! 9,806 • 50 115.337 ' 13,015 I 8,026 I 26 37,980 126 24,508 ' 41 13,539 5.242 440 491 53, 277 77,012 77,423 I 6,983 19. 473 ! 730 I 157.324 I 85.301 8,239 i 1,250 ! 25,204 I 3,750 1,311 13, 968 16, 390 229, 509 4,271 893 4,494 64,815 28, 073 61,989 5,973 10,266 4,171 104, 433 45. 008 7.126 66 23,455 4.883 197 11.774 15,289 $142,196,658 20, 2« 754,190 11,166,966 I 655,998 ; 783,306 1,597,197 572,930 1,273,241 13,969,600 1,110,971 44,663.940 977,493 791,224 265, 292 11,013.982 3, 577, 674 7,384,756 566, 2<5 1,382,874 1,034,356 19, 222, 465 8,163,167 1,706,396 268, 340 4, 698, 406 1.249,786 469,447 1.805,983 1,061.185 f.roun 3 VVOKSXED OOOBS— Continued. $6.6,87.346 $681,436 .5109,658,481 $105, 626, 220 $64,968,627 $40,567,593 82.101,694 $168,780 $1,378,129 $483, 658 $165,745,052 1 6,329 64," 904" 66."496' 3,096,932 2,282,590 33,763,591 2,469,627 7,961,876 3,882,942 24,090,803 30,433,626 355, 130 1,331,364 2,971,550 2,169,778 32,422,125 2,394,859 7.667,682 3,624,060 23,278,534 i 29,368,746 339,544 1.289,362 410,088 740,226 22,065,202 2,166,236 6,933,434 2,912,036 16,235,229 14, 306, 683 263,913 925, 681 2, 561, 462 1,429,552 10, 356, 923 228, 623 1,734,248 712,015 8,043,306 16, 062, 063 75,631 363,771 62, 527 68, 629 737,680 51,658 152, 486 85,602 3.36,636 671,608 11,274 23, 694 42, 108 10,324 , 403,617 6,106 . 65,001 112,725 .380.796 363, 697 658 3,097 20,747 24,417 117,295 1,424 86. 447 60,666 52,011 102,777 3,654 16.221 4, 316. 534 3,609,990 51,973.944 3,270,498 11,925,126 7,858,622 35,683,016 44,477,696 491,643 2.138.084 9 212,211 1,241.019 2L-I.092 79':,. 465 486 468 9,442 72,874 16,680 1,260 3 4 5 6 7 1,437,4.33 1,815,187 24,961 287.849 469,693 74,020 42,826 26, 798 8 9 10 n $199,265 MFG FT 1 — 07 30 Al^Ii OTHER INDUSTRIES— Oontinued. $196,099 $121,024 375,076 52,885 ' S271 ; $313,363 1 466 MANUFACTURES. Table 6.— GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905. Group 1.— FOOD AND KIIVDRED PRODUCTS. STATE OE TEEEITOEY. United States Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District ol Columbia. . . Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Permsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas ' Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin W yoming Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 117 64 32 332 1,593 337 578 186 111 120 254 76 2,656 79 1,483 1,469 777 704 606 646 1,218 1,744 1,743 1,547 1,497 67 455 25 247 1,456 42 7,310 308 158 2,673 168 393 5,293 249 108 232 548 510 188 416 695 463 348 3,445 36 Capital. salaeied offi- cials, cleeks, etc: $1,173,151,276 1,313,842 10,285,986 675,621 1,931,578 51,610,911 21, 833, 157 5,529,742 2,558,942 2, 769, 364 755,404 3,543,797 4,318,111 149,865,373 960, 974 29,378,088 27,897,602 42,922,167 12,019,722 64,665,968 6,465,129 15, 129, 161 40,913,777 34,222,711 48,111,994 1,369,479 47, 796, 051 1,646,471 33, 883, 296 615, 081 1,693,316 40,477,989 209, 605 206,336,668 2,388,817 2, 842, 434 49,611,672 3, 697, 826 10,009,387 80,524,199 3, 057, 925 1,037,602 3, 274, 687 9,933,402 21, 437, 328 8. 633, 473 3,284,475 a, 385, 190 14,022,798 3,913,160 32, 314, 281 315,853 bar. 63,224 128 175 22 99 2,458 440 615 110 127 9,367 43 1,430 1,891 1,692 621 1,519 537 1,046 2,451 1,677 1,965 95 2,766 67 1,373 20 65 1,069 3 6,127 112 123 2,606 168 490 4,170 146 84 224 516 1,073 281 216 492 552 187 1,424 12 Salaries. 551,456,814 105,549 291, 951 25,462 84,841 2, 958, 140 599,348 363,825 78,316 114,311 42, 674 268,268 113,073 10, 172, 798 42, 206 1,206,196 1,162,190 1,683,918 549, 376 1,274,937 373, 071 831,783 2, 189, 257 1,444,952 1,891,743 66, 151 2, 799, 718 84,906 1,401,368 26,940 33,658 1,054,848 1,600 6, 674, .543 70,237 106,885 2, 328, 144 167,843 482, 741 3,687,966 120,245 60,091 111,681 449,509 1, 134, 493 230,863 97,801 390,158 629,397 149,963 1,241,986 11,005 WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. Total. Average number. 354,054 925 1,811 136 762 16, 785 3,015 2,8?4 1,753 1,129 654 2,2E1 304 49,204 212 12, 203 9,964 12,723 3,929 8,823 4,711 13,308 16,639 10,461 9,840 1,062 14, 358 282 8,045 88 646 10,249 73' 52,267 947 622 16, 975 663 2,143 27, 349 1,562 1,638 759 3,280 5,421 1,496 1,093 4,472 3,080 1,230 10, 114 66 Wages. $164,601,803 292,601 957,641 101,914 268,265 8. 708. 877 1,968,349 1,553,913 490, 852 683,342 188,137 566, 425 218, 439 25,436,322 108, 786 4,774,738 4,163,405 6,603,635 1,451,725 4,358,784 1,856,951 3,484,549 7,831,683 4, 416, 736 5,319,980 292, 159 6,696,349 197, 126 4,336,092 77,273 324,088 6,032,298 38,098 25,397,723 266, OW 302,981 7,525,239 359, 138 1,177,604 12,342,943 893, 346 260,708 413,232 1,164,511 2, 410, 441 661,019 508, 690 1,164,940 1,911,293 506,008 4, 648, 189 39, 399 Average number. Men 16 years and over. 264,682 719 1,770 127 661 10, 254 2,499 2,326 867 1,009 364 1,337 281 39,497 208 9,063 11,353 2,951 7,912 2,840 6,534 11,365 7,534 8,496 601 10, 7.52 189 7,136 84 636 8,042 60 37,613 767 453 12, 494 620 1,697 20, 431 1,327 606 660 2,629 938 919 2, 434 2,505 905 7,985 50 Women 16 y^ars and over. 79,804 Chil- dren un- der 16 years. 158 29 8 176 6,165 478 617 766 111 136 606 17 9,233 4 2, 862 1,801 993 852 676 1,520 5,488 4,833 2,764 1,287 367 3,145 84 684 4 100 1,954 12 14, 146 134 4,282 35 395 5,853 226 653 91 582 164 1,800 535 303 1,642 3 9,568 12 1 25 376 38 32 121 9 64 279 6 474 278 357 377 126 236 351 1,286 451 163 57 194 253 1 608 46 2 199 8 51 1,065 279 10 238 40 22 487 2 Miscella- neous ex- 8131,773,642 137, 766 1,827,640 53, 372 198, 418 6,886,458 1, 390, 385 688,440 216, 532 319,916 106, 775 415, 867 144,854 20, 652, 794 86, 636 3, 008, 175 2,564,014 5,230,266 1,356,418 3, 895, 153 756,649 1,663,164 5,634,515 4,988,719 6,497,237 141,993 5,813,719 173, 099 3, 063, 829 60, 236 129, 570 3,358,653 14,182 21,052,370 1.50, 774 258, 137 7,469,094 278, 352 886,625 9,626,464 376, 546 77,028 ■ 322, 399 1,293,419 2, 423, 471 478, 942 296,955 758, 197 1, 616, 320 259, 726 3, 666, 481 28,998 Cost of mate- rials used. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. $2,304,416,564 3,125,695 3,656,668 966,496 3,860,156 87,131,636 16, 140, 272 9,454,048 4,106,819 4,237,569 952,943 9, 636, 939 2,221,653 386,396,937 2,304,890 68,546,957 66,432,498 127,278,695 23, 588, 348 76, 362, 231 10, 755, 754 27,471,570 79, 849, 484 50,453,649 143,161,417 1,624,309 107,091,932 2,469,690 77, 321, 860 904, 082 3,980,693 59,631,380 407,029 341,336,349 6,619,892 6,218,769 96,050,249 8,693,381 15,612,230 139,845,590 6,298,199 1,883,146 7, 604, 531 26, 194, 222 40, 830, 863 6, 335, 527 9, 769, 640 23,012,010 26, 262, 528 7,976,254 74,232,012 429,034 $2,845,234,900 4, 127, 259 7,762,032 1,266,938 5, 037, 615 116,022,535 22, 392, 929 13,420,087 5, 387, 475 6,904,813 1,579,865 11,899,203 3,013,688 459,096,503 2,844,939 83,470,214 79,696,294 145, 760, 702 30, 099, 764 95,862,974 15,627,613 37,063,850 104,265,845 67,495,082 165,120,192 2,403,520 129,992,910 3,422,911 90, ?72, 059 1,180,041 4,812,545 76,311,784 563, 724 421,936,561 7,771,931 7,508,699 122,055,317 10,415,124 19,893,416 180,697,034 8,456,495 2, 520, 592 9, 429, 401 32,077,927 49,950,442 9,048,652 11,296,983 27,341,598 31,818,635 10, 109, 697 90,175,541 675,361 GENEEAL TABLES. 467 Table 6.— GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 2.— TI<:XXIL.Ii:S. STATE OR TERRITORY. United States . Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia . . Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana ; Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states and territories ^ Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 17,042 70 10 269 21 348 5 163 5 1,178 153 98 41 208 75 185 ■ 336 1,112 217 215 30 129 801 305 746 32 2,250 280 158 4 120 51 20 58 90 41 35 273 Capital. $1,744,169,234 2li,04ti,720 508, 135 .>i, 414,746 475,476 87,791,272 2,454,252 231,480 34,210 47,067,414 15,635 43,026,970 11,303,019 3,213,554 625,140 10,540,916 4,741,359 42,289,571 26,602,612 368,370,021 11,140,908 6,065,716 6,564,536 13,234,154 1,121,341 50,850,556 110,045,206 146,000 296,809,480 63,306,018 297,620 33,019,456 2,814,316 209,892,681 116,346,673 84,337,333 36,806 10,618,517 4,176,649 768,267 11,791,241 SALARIED OFFI- CIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Num- ber. Salaries. 61,907 869,281,415 10,691,672 225 562,437 58 l,8a7,519 92 13,860,921 733 31,800 5 313 26 428 69 2,256 127 18 4 797 4 4,902 723 309 46 459 221 611 1,712 6,352 970 .331 138 930 60 712 3,722 6 20,470 1,156 2,502 82 8,068 1,625 832 8 357 130 64 256 388,371 23,160 449,383 65,482 3,050,143 125,652 18,542 2,100 977,817 2,280 5,076,172 706,340 202,392 33,577 466,297 197,049 883,415 1,500,251 8,074,190 892,267 365,441 136,776 994,590 56,756 970,941 4,661,174 11,400 20,701,280 1,243,567 14,000 2,707,883 109,929 8,387,191 2,553,003 1,076,543 4,761 378,744 152, 189 53,542 319,483 217,596 45,706 107,409 872,491 4,140 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Total. Average number. 1,156,305 J419,841,630 12,518 175 (1,441 420 47,505 2,221 93 37 28,725 23 40,376 11,192 2,361 577 7,187 3,081 24,270 24,124 183,238 11,688 4,179 3,326 10,930 1,059 31,017 76,478 64 265,605 42,342 24,736 1,266 155,206 67,717 39,026 27 8,033 2,062 556 6,078 7,830 378 1,629 10,457 65 Wages. 2,675,332 52,917 2,730,172 165,728 18,431,326 701,914 47,886 10,079 6,292,703 8,801 18,169,835 3,147,606 718,732 186,293 2,017,851 740,397 8,571,738 6,897,322 70,587,609 3,629,088 1,408,610 800,117 3,855,040 339,709 11,796,021 29,470,720 36,779 24,482 30 Average number. Men 16 years and over. 113,916,102 8,731,784 39,071 9,069,359 501,108 53,111,283 22,499,611 8,069,878 10,960 1,759,983 507,809 172,946 2,134,020 1,929,455 179,308 394,645 3,256,775 20,006 492,161 5,336 61 2,195 78 23,472 957 38 19 12,061 4 14,511 2,509 615 195 1,939 573 12,161 8,074 90,652 2,449 1,050 1,134 2,278 147 15,368 117,116 17,566 62 7,700 539 55,002 29,450 18,999 2,411 617 186 2,535 3,074 146 586 2,489 11 Women 16 years and over. 582,630 3,921 80 3,990 331 22,188 1,002 55 6 10,660 19 24,803 8,117 1,716 380 4,734 2,231 11,187 13,620 82,610 9,017 3,068 1,493 8,305 896 14,932 37,101 34 146,220 15,476 36 16, 197 639 82,402 23,674 10,860 18 4,392 1,199 334 3,431 3,819 232 878 7,373 54 Chil- dren un- der 16 years. 81,614 3,261 34 266 11 1,845 262 12 6,004 1,062 566 30 2 514 277 932 2,430 10,076 222 347 16 717 3,598 3,269 9,301 839 87 17,802 4,693 9,167 ,230 246 36 112 595 8199,066,264 Misceila- neous ex- penses. $1,246,562,061 1,084,163 37,042 1,042,948 77,237 4,903,809 244,539 7,862 3,373 2,780,633 1,813 13,056,409 1,384,869 378,065 80,036 1,182,306 487,080 2,776,020 4,392,768 22,604,940 2,137,033 494,631 437,282 1,826,231 134,804 3,182,311 12,881,645 12,235 76,874,593 3,190,978 6,375 6,566,450 226,200 19,670,113 6,602,090 3,396,212 6,568 809,382 300,141 32,802 588,636 693,401 62,611 184,413 2,195,772 9,554 Cost of mate- rials used. 12,850,291 290,558 8,950,656 533,526 44,409,366 1,443,684 96,005 27,185 28,718,159 9,786 55,679,805 10,314,573 2,292,550 528,751 6,649,769 6,276,624 22,069,416 25,263,802 2)3,767,198 9,902,792 7,454,247 2,693,763 15,486,662 2,258,678 31,875,840 68,639,467 18,287 314,711,949 37,874,690 100,533 31,135,537 2,224,896 156,902,311 64,366,416 35,317,774 36,880 7,329,762 2,188,029 511,765 6,290,348 6,807,267 471,134 1,371,566 10,384,136 66,861 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. 82,147,441,418 18,073,790 443,854 14,756,075 970,172 79,126,869 2,919,821 228,719 53,415 42,296,733 24,705 103,070,393 16,805,282 4,031,180 924,287 11,501,093 8,208,941 37,064,835 41,800,879 333,304,586 18,917,501 10,834,247 4,209,605 26, 408, 441 2,928,744 50,714,083 127,512,957 90,898 592,071,319 54,882,408 206,398 55,742,456 3,433,390 268,449,297 105,015,927 61,341,689 72,265 11,715,603 3,695,731 846,002 10,537,261 10,875,790 888,026 2,337,436 19,013,947 95,369 1 Includes states and territories distributed as follows: Arizona, 1; Indian Territory, 1; Montana, 2; Oklahoma, 2. 468 MANUFACTURES. Table 6.— GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 3.— IKON AND STEEIi AND THEIR PRODrCTS. STATE OK TERKITOKY. United States... Alabama Arizona Arlcansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia.. Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine..-. Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin All other states and territories ' Num- ber of estat)- lish- ments. 14,239 111 7 33 440 105 511 43 20 19 103 6 1,240 10 4S8 2B5 102 120 79 133 150 1,099 660 217 37 340 11 58 97 000 71 19 1,402 17 55 1,009 188 38 13 133 128 26 73 134 105 424 Capital. 42,311,498,157 35,742,588 172, 419 762, 326 19,859,988 30, 504, 455 96,482,078 13,461,836 398, 250 490, 568 7.218.105 99,613 178,942,578 05.135 57,583,261 7,930,567 3,509, 11,361, 4,121, 6, 309, 18, 630, 125, 277, 38,700, 10,087, 1,028, 32, 122, 700, 771 1,026,099 5,701,023 140,039,570 77,279 207, 833, 582 2,491,090 101, 427 295,002,309 209,113 2,299,1.85 701,807,498 37, 509, 386 512, 439 196,715 11,876,770 6.072,139 475, 767 7,826,651 11,549,114 3,904, 15,804, 58,407, 738 SALARIED OFFI- CIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Num- ber. 82, 112 1,146 3 !,473 016 195 408 180 222 692 06 ,740 302 4,089 1 10,288 149 4 10, 744 1 20, 283 1,088 28 5 516 193 '25 311 440 232 327 2,215 $100,444,680 Salaries. 4,803,244 425, 525 24,118 37,099 425, 07S 11,380 11, 1.30, 484 2.780 2,088,982 578,418 207, 612, 248, 268, 710, ,, 760 6, 297, !.025 2,820, 070 78. 2, 277, 61,200 75,048 318, 072 6, 410, 020 1,200 12, 693, 708 153, 409 2,980 12,840,376 300 110,232 24,784,502 1,490,289 28,771 7,440 555, 957 248, 165 43,045 350, 100 570, 723 284, 564 382, 159 2, 074, 619 7,670 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. .Vverage ; "Wages. number. .8.57,298 3482,367,603 13, 528 6,763,506 78 67,097 363 199,632 8,063 6,849,150 3,406 2.097,602 47,004 24, 647, 590 3, ,392 1,699,715 313 164, 383 297 151,534 3,963 1,694,449 68 : 44,081 72,299 43,449,817 45 31,658 24,063 12,738,644 3,767 1,966,375 838 ' 1.0.58.652 774 [ 2,906,079 690 I 977,127 412 j 1,729,890 .364 ' 4,171,724 142 ! 32,630,404 705 12,905,852 247 , 2,582,717 311,837 908, 347 13, 133 364 580 3,048 50,017 68 '27, 797 320,800 1,690,420 27,933,953 34, 321 94,075 1,200 71 .55,136,750 600, 543 42,113 111,093 : 63,614,008 77 45,796 936 234,307 12,822 452 120 \ 6,011 2,124 300 3,204 6,071 1,647 7,719 19,600 35 071,819 131,957,478 0,774,310 213,013 125, 486 2,003,640 1.2,89,. 330 212, 012 1,811,304 2.720,997 1,202,104 4,621,840 10,858,809 36, 294 .Vverage number. Men Women 16 3-ears 10 years and over, and over. Chil- dren un- der 16 years. Miscella- neous ex- penses. 830,274 18,610 8,514 .5106,896,687 13,299 78 357 7,940 3,362 41,886 3,345 308 296 3,926 58 70,754 44 24,073 3,649 1,820 5,077 1,087 3,374 7, 164 54.310 24,043 4,216 696 12.836 363 500 2,951 47, 166 58 91,497 1,235 71 108, 682 74 931 229, 133 11,991 436 120 6,968 2,109 300 3,228 6,024 1,640 7. 437 19,203 35 226 Cost of mate- rials used. 17 3 395 29 105 7 91 2,287 2,013 2 1,996 673 I 10 112 92 6 100 60 4,278 840 47 5 1 2 36 1,200 279 1 182 30 598 192 1 4 .565 385 16 498 1 5 3, 238 168 7 170 245 1,785,898 17,207 44,792 1,613,469 1.021,802 8,058,793 447,890 29, 183 25,079 570, 198 $1,179,981,468 20,849,008 70, 260 216, 678 9,416,942 7, 162, 476 24,910,488 3, 173, 423 184, 127 231,703 3,239,425 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. ?2, 170. 739, 726 7,924 38,889 17,894,333 | 110,867,348 li 4,321 : 24,128 4,160,707 813,852 390, 104 ! 849,416 ' 396, 693 496, 136 1,824,706 10,111,376 \, 4,838,170 836,867 '78,673 3,384,794 ; 47,362 j 92,993 : 401,071 [ 8,857,627 7,434 19, 279, 687 . 229,839 14,230 22.308,782 13, 104 119,041 45,097,235 2,253,406 27, 132 13,779 842, .554 524, 617 20, 604 654, 173 747.899 284, 310 907,443 3, 782, 109 1, 156 1 Includes states and territories distributed as follows: Alaska, 1; Nevada, 2; Wyoming. 2. 31,216,998 3, 420, 990 1,831,360 7,401,777 .1,294,151 2,216,960 14.888,217 43,061,544 24,040,187 4,838,893 387,034 13,060,402 377,841 569,480 1.887,671 66,009,701 22, 500 94,737,346 1,388,837 66, 746 180, 504, 306 61,860 892, 794 442, 030, 020 8, 169, 461 173,612 65, 477 6, 203. 524 2,329,220 266, 782 1,694,785 0, 690, 633 2,013,883 17,188,886 22.004,364 43,8.53 34,052,898 194,000 603, 870 21,542,283 13,238,684 71,293,742 6,059,988 479, 124 547, 488 7,237,214 114,823 218,301,724 85, 278 56,121,823 8,013,250 4,036,070 12,958,669 3,323,853 5,541,393 24,136,203 100,678,484 51,207,029 10, 407, 532 1,034,225 ?1, 657, 278 890,948 1,323,266 4,969,724 110,157,268 70, 618 214,660,381 2,737,553 181,602 308,974,046 148, 487 2,066,035 708,700,252 22,013,533 549,059 226,115 11,266,511 5,287,299 630, 361 6, 635, .500 12,291,957 4, 402, 518 25,265,293 46,347,012 100,391 GENERAL TABLES. 469 Table 0.— GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Uroup 4.— I.UMBEK AND ITS KEMANUFACTURES. STATE OR TERRITORY. Num- l>er of estab- lish- ments. SALARIED OFFI- CIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Capital. United States... 32, Tie | Sl,013,s:7, 138 45,555 Alabama . . Alaska . . - . -Vrizona . .. Arkansas.. California . Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia. Florida Maryland , Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota Mississippi . .Missniiri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire- New Jersey New .Me.xico . . . . New York North Carolina. North Dakota.. Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island . . South Carolina- South Dakota -■- Tennessee Texas ... Utah Vermont . Virginia . . Washington. .. West Virginia. Wisconsin Wyoming 7Ui I' 12 136 2li3 112 17 Georgia 1,024 Idaho 107 Illinois I 1,174 Indian Territor}- I 53 Indiana I 1 . 3(>S Iowa Kansas Kentucky . Louisiana . 2ao 74 1 , OS'.i 566 .Maine 1.032 434 1.063 1,4nS 463 684 71S 49 47 426 31 3,176 1,544 3 71 522 28 1,230 454 62 574 1,038 1,163 813 1 Oil 32 14,7Sli,950 205, 23S 2, 416, 468 31,270.247 41,il54.005 2.112.872 4,!107,284 3, 338, 561 321,999 13,216.915 18,090,303 I 1,189 3, 516, 425 98 49.401,251 I 3,256 332,136 j| 19 35, 1 ill, 7,58 1,933 " Num- ber. Salaries. 45, 555 848,571,861 820 856, 505 i 4 8,000 41 78,373 1>453 1,504,348 1,338 1,649,655 119 109,566 284 270,348 ! 66 68,010 25 25, 130 1 (vSO 734,272 17,210,662 2,002,452 20,578.321 41,901,176 20,850,515 l.f;«),S90 8. S?2, 559 250,712 25,278,005 329,010 10,447,650 16,827,268 45,984,098 15,998,759 68,019,353 345,096 126 970 ',005 717 9,050,559 ,| 569 33,722,843 ![ 1,226 74,253,813 j, 3,004 39,764,530 1; 1,343 25,399,926 ' 1,251 23,423,888 , 1,454 4, 880. ,554 145 727.171 ; 5S 1,072,426 ll 15 11,501,013 ! 296 493 9, 939, 267 1,944,879 II 78 .88, .384, 9.57 4,138 17,378,096 I 1,094 r.8,773 I 4 49,046,515 ; 2,797 484,549 II 26 14, 282,. 577 491 68,224,068 || 2,7,80 82 440 13 1,111 22,258,291 : 1,122 29 287 767 1,452 2,474 24 WAGE-EAR.S'LCR.S AN[> WAGES. Average number. -\verage number. Men Wages. 16 years and over. 1,198,234 120,355 3, 606, 390 15,882 1.917,664 707, 606 134,864 953, 834 2, 393, 508 558,262 560, 578 1,328,169 3,325,147 1,664,521 1,331,4.82 1, 566, 726 198, 127 60,695 21,077 277,836 543,673 93,344 4,784,473 907,657 2,063 2,760,110 28,920 587, 587 2,077,892 81,329 390,134 11,620 1,134,965 1,271,581 i 19,468 280,733 693,789 1,766,721 I 648,049 I 2, 749, 739 27,900 ! 17,091 6,803,708 63 > 71,870 648 25, 305 21,169 1,646 3,352 1,258 325 12,060 22.242 1,449 35,621 414 25, 454 6,851 1,354 16, 632 29, 429 16,973 8,601 19,207 65,963 23,341 22,902 19,091 2,226 641 147 6,211 1,170 65,945 23,068 1,116 11,209 196 21,614 15, 630 250 7,791 18,044 30, 822 12, 594 47, 102 306 10,800,492 14.400,363 1,061,911 1,739,890 388, 628 187, 622 4,373,605 ,086,325 875,932 18 ,170,918 213,816 10 ,709,307 3,144,073 634, 216 6,089,246 13,481,440 7,135,061 3, 459, 125 9,843,136 25,362,078 11,697,174 9,398,992 8,542,077 1,617,611 363, 303 109,973 S,.885 3,870,833 3,083,125 665, 169 28,253,142 6,661,433 31,086 31,424 14,589,936 143 86,536 9,197 I 6,812,703 43,738 20,391,922 ,575, 132 3,030,020 116,797 8,032,462 6,994,328 152, 201 3,162,298 6, 748, 445 20,214,718 5, 770, 372 21, 630, .897 150,918 W omen 16 years and over. 10, 073 16,468 62 647 24,921 20, 754 1,612 3,266 1,106 320 11,821 21,649 1,441 34,121 412 23, 945 6,398 1,246 15,206 29,040 15,630 8,045 17,716 63, 416 23,111 22, 650 17,942 2,224 628 147 8,692 5, 023 1,163 63,050 22, 186 48 29, 620 139 9,122 40, 123 1,084 11,107 196 20,997 15,610 229 7,468 17,167 30, 702 12, 469 45,364 304 Chil- dren un- der Id yea rs. Miscella- neous ex- penses. Cost of mate- rials used. 62 200 24 77 48 3 141 131 1,043 2 988 226 34 112 32 294 170 1,274 1,678 185 59 138 481 ,599 187 1,398 4 51 2,580 96 63 723 1 10,915 S130,.'i-j0,824 359 1 1 332 209 9 10 44 2 462,1 2 1 457 521 227 74 314 357 43 380 217 959 46 193 107 17 296 695 1 24 1,035 187 430 35 85 16 5 282 51 400 25 1,015 2, 762, 183 8, 573 138,161 5,303,284 3, 724, 665 332, 431 041,371 139,356 30, 889 1,796,031 2,832,089 732, 741 0, 426, 413 99, 784 3, 676, 246 1,959,078 202,038 2, 459, 348 0,789,703 3, 069, 634 1,134,818 2,995,203 9,390,831 7,379,262 3,815,911 3, 397, 628 520, 423 " 70, 486 24, 735 1,710,799 886, 998 224,234 9,976,271 2,987,198 5, 064 6,665,319 47, 092 1,469,885 9,245,018 213,624 903,097 66,984 3,298,460 2, 776, 239 28, 923 1, 136, 731 2,170,837 5,884,522 2,743,113 7,556,287 1.52,834 8518, 908, 160 6,637,999 77,914 481,524 10, 193, 858 14,485,470 1,046,989 3,336,064 928, 100 183,811 4, 253, 427 8,260,774 906, 383 37,349,262 363, ,863 22, 764, 588 8, 972, 561 1,729,660 12,352,366 12,279,683 10,272,494 7,534,560 19,479,059 38,502,828 20, 680, 395 7, 267, 896 12,266,400 403, 128 661,820 257,378 6, 490, 899 6,582,051 318,821 67,203,012 10, 128, 127 61,674 30, 657, 140 403,364 6,466,978 37,477,271 1,088,760 2, 796,910 98, 591 14,540,873 7,002,067 205, 868 5,8(i2,668 8,591,447 20,114,365 6, 924, 982 33,003,379 63, 783 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. 11,223,730,336 19,111,549 246, 380 1, 406, 159 34,052,755 40, 465, 669 3,061,839 6,843,066 1,973,406 512,382 13,539,934 26, 160, 253 3,142,423 73,826,442 879,488 45,471,076 16,376,950 3,064,928 26,653,088 41,591,778 24, 514, 179 14,4.57,111 38, 790, 675 89,012,348 47,894,699 20,795,080 30, 382, 462 3, 142, 493 1,318,743 527, 660 14,403,285 12,634,342 1,434,864 110,367,240 26,669,942 104,021 62,211,885 606,413 16,811,717 84,119,495 2,277,366 8,903,963 383,240 33, 176, 373 21,911,452 525.222 12,212,840 21,865,254 56,496,925 20,193,872 75. 742, 403 466, 308 470 MANUFACTURES. Table 6.— GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 5.— liEAXHER AND ITS FINISHED PRODUCTS. STATE OE TERRITORY. United States . . Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Georgia Illinois Indian Territory Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New York. North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas Utah.... Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming All other states and territories^ Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 10 7 179 20 42 24 62 248 12 113 47 23 75 20 100 1,117 103 62 24 4 81 211 918 56 4 201 39 455 22 6 60 64 18 10 72 41 43 140 4 Capital. S440, 777, 194 1,010,779 174, 143 10,009,495 321, 730 3,367,316 6, 799, 194 3,516,920 20,040,547 64,595 3,274,386 1,794,808 619, 444 6,312,596 867, 723 6,318,265 3,222,594 89,397,654 9,677,089 4,487,930 67,825 12,963,474 73,334 1,052,907 46,650 11,622,124 17,744,601 55, 480, 299 3,075,472 111,020 21,835,074 843,596 83,897,359 872,658 44,580 4,,968, 761 2,070,842 225,675 743, 849 6,985,789 479, 194 36, 132, 965 38,400 156,042 SALARIED OFFI- CIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Num- ber. U 9 322 32 127 202 83 790 165 37 214 121 407 163 4,598 358 352 4 823 95 622 Salaries. 10, 596 10, 328 400,987 31,801 190, 147 258,991 85,417 878, 235 769 2,372 67 14 17376 36 1,650 36 3 129 144 11 34 182 28 58 713 2 143,932 31,201 214,387 95,135 418,036 140,201 4,603,226 408,013 347,922 3,240 938, 933 84, 518 699, 760 1,027,641 2, 446, 706 90, 810 8,000 1,437,006 36, 420 1,683,642 43, 801 650 151,863 142, 764 10, 136 31,040 213,388 25,390 98,274 866, 890 1,632 13, 160 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGF;S. Total. Average number. 266,368 301 62 3,341 165 1,072 2,909 1,680 9,995 36 1,712 1,163 238 2,087 603 6,544 1,649 80, 795 4,129 2,446 35 12, 101 28 367 22 11,975 11,135 35,322 841 49 17,919 379 25,519 379 21 1,403 763 171 310 3,254 1,055 11,075 19 55 Wages. 8116,694,140 94, 413 37,430 1,944,638 112,321 506, 113 1,205,503 622,973 4,750,261 24, 781 675, 130 486,354 122,277 848, 122 243,847 2,951,773 628,991 41,441,593 1, 855, 730 1,083,017 16,530 5,267,277 26,532 194,549 16,920 5,033,229 5,319,519 15,434,864 248, 488 28,228 7,112,776 248,817 10,671,281 189,306 7,486 498,630 478,986 85,090 134,883 828,352 143,603 477,531 4,741,937 16,903 38, 167 Average number. Men 16 years and over. 296 60 2,707 153 1,978 1,437 7,362 36 1,297 783 226 4,638 1,298 56,222 3,206 1,708 31 7,526 28 319 21 8,216 8,513 23,939 802 43 11,120 366 20,000 278 20 1,273 718 131 211 2,555 196 1,028 8,332 19 54 Women 16 years and over. 66,843 2 592 225 829 153 2,411 370 349 13 294 77 1,862 307 23, 203 696 726 3 3,593 44 1 3,610 2,132 10, 897 26 5,913 13 4,184 87 698 68 20 2,313 Chil- dren un. der 16 years. 7,399 42 2 39 102 90 222 45 99 47 44 44 1,3V0 227 12 1 149 490 486 13 6 1,335 14 1 51 15 6 101 7 430 Miscella- neous ex- penses. $40,737,343 88, 376 20, 166 570,939 50,032 322, 429 304, 607 146, 660 1,695,769 9,601 275,323 314, 489 65, 892 638, 858 68, 580 636,512 221,382 11,641,268 929, 929 642, 816 3,826 1,375,024 5,869 130,674 2,258 1,173,933 1,614,982 5,820,041 147, 841 13,901 3,060,266 69,331 6,480,947 47, 737 1,009 299,374 248,367 16,891 76, 604 363, 807 67, 792 276,065 1,990,161 3,273 14, 764 Cost of mate- rials used. $471,112,921 712, 250 104, 719 8,333,060 243,604 2, 267, 546 8,030,301 3,542,724 18,643,968 80,448 2,554,797 1,681,237 396,883 5, 106, 770 983, 710 10,503,529 2, 583, 249 135, 894, 069 10, 416, 068 4,031,582 58, 776 18, 705, 898 65,932 701,768 24,944 18, 096, 092 21,137,798 55, 492, 108 2, 671, 439 86,100 22,764,539 936,849 66,891,168 580,814 26, 208 4,337,958 2,091,095 209, 577 704, 188 7, 199, 467 404,-528 5,024,609 26,675,472 29,356 96, 735 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. $705, 747, 470 1,014,886 210, 175 12, 641, 564 612, 767 3,528,472 10, 438, 297 4,823,722 28,232,228 156,296 4,083,311 2,910,421 732,653 7,685,224 1, 623, 490 15,330,031 4,028,241 210,930,541 14,671,399 6,452,310 104,009 29,862,526 112,663 1,248,173 62,890 26, 458, 136 32, 195, 239 88,372,286 3,575,760 163,606 37,950,972 1,442,083 89,163,801 1,060,440 48,772 5,894,519 3, 408, 580 385,211 1,057,299 9,275,644 772,079 6,461,561 36,517,815 59,835 198,643 ilncludes states and territories distributed as follows: Arizona, 2; District of Columbia, 1; Florida, 2; New Mexico, 1; Oklahoma, 2; South Dakota 2. GENERAL TABLES. 471 Table 6.— GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group e.— PAPER AND PRIIVTING. STATE OR TEKHITOEY. United States . Alabama . . Alaska Arizona. . . Arkansas., California . Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia . Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory. Indiana Kansas Kentucky . Louisiana. Maine Maryland .... Massachusetts . Michigan MinnesoLa Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire- New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina. North Dakota. . Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania . Rhode Island . . South Carolina- South Dakota- - Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont - Virginia.. Num- ber o( estab- lish- ments. 30,7S7 245 5 50 277 1, 152 430 458 56 158 155 93 2,661 163 935 Iowa 1,130 732 407 251 Washington . . . West Virginia. Wisconsin Wyoming 383 1, 43'( 1,023 959 211 1,324 94 640 31 167 716 57 4,609 261 230 1,724 261 252 2,479 191 153 280 349 106 136 331 396 232 852 47 Capital. 8798,758,312 1,507.363 12,575 390, 961 1,314,691 13,579,995 4.214.789 14, 725, 736 3,969,407 3, 586, 480 1,413,734 4,729,440 491,072 51,234,653 476,952 17,018,991 7,796,900 3,878,486 5, 385, 176 2,221,861 45,530,675 12,824,858 80,611,209 19,628,061 11^176,668 732, 560 18,154,967 1,030,485 3, 840, 087 174,887 15, 636, 455 20,733,055 279, 871 212,984,030 1,302,087 1,081,949 49,604,301 1,231,101 4,691,513 81,546,976 3, 563, 676 1,289,555 1,345,471 4,511,458 6,464,022 1,119,387 6, 524, 681 9,629,165 4, 593, 333 3,994,574 34, 705, 000 266, 343 SALARIED OrFI- CIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Num- ber, 80,009 640 999 95 656 ■ 173 587 44 8,802 61 1,796 1,116 455 713 519 715 1,128 0,093 1,976 1,917 70 3,025 129 1,400 35 24, 204 241 4,900 113 346 7,420 494 210 109 676 909 238 216 636 686 196 1,547 29 Salaries. WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGEa $81,808,311 247, 491 1,000 61,336 92,555 2,415,158 736, 427 1,148,598 125,008 635,885 If 2, 891 529,824 43, 573 8,830,531 47, 363 1,491,242 945, 668 359, 496 652,779 461,993 935,928 1,068,496 6,974,801 1,811,811 1,562,224 53, 399 3,118,964 191,770 606,950 22, 825 314, 481 1,513,866 29,426 26,267,746 166, 149 4, 550, 559 87,299 492,996 7,473,584 425, 449 161,692 85.591 671, 570 777, 575 239, 644 228, 133 582, 507 574, 493 172, 670 1,656,073 32,508 Average number. 350,205 943 11 189 895 8,007 2,098 7,318 901 1,433 643 2,538 262 29, 643 352 8,376 4,587 2,675 2,811 1,453 10,240 4,909 35,034 10,588 5,665 549 11,409 487 2,279 72 3,565 8,617 151 86,790 1,012 518 22, 665 796 1,716 35,715 2,372 766 .593 2,541 3,543 571 1,955 3,766 2,226 1,543 12, 499 119 Wages. $185,647,791 477,807 9,280 160, 646 437,812 5,687,452 1,481,545 3, 577, 477 413,265 875, 459 271,267 1,081,024 179, 406 17, 232, 438 175, 747 3,934,849 2,141,784 1,190,326 1,411,434 876,900 5, 172, 441 2,243,235 18, 148, 755 4,880,345 3, 184, 558 253, 611 6,989,928 646, 553 1,171,436 67, 499 1,793,330 4, 292, 769 94,081 49, 135, 113 412, 787 314,266 10,917,194 400,765 1,067.369 17,744,705 1,133,482 311, 484 311,687 1,288,498 2,118,156 378, 658 916, 682 1, 404, 882 1,636,170 727.945 5,801,101 84, 389 Average number. Men 16 years and over. 250, 375 758 10 168 668 6,044 1,697 4,655 720 1,085 431 1,893 200 20,984 286 6,099 3,187 1,846 2,171 1,178 8,567 3,798 21,636 7,611 4,306 426 7,666 431 1,596 66 2,994 6,293 139 62, 492 808 415 15, 626 592 1,471 24,605 1,587 623 425 1,893 2,976 458 1,660 2,677 1,948 1,180 9,453 Women 16 years and over. 90,6 120 12 166 1,655 289 2,429 162 319 83 537 43 7,869 60 2,110 1,226 747 486 190 1,606 919 12,708 2,826 1,273 67 3,168 46 625 3 663 2,051 6 23,286 108 81 6,562 161 220 9,241 716 90 153 568 391 92 286 ■ 1,093 261 309 2,586 27 Chil- dren un- der 16 years. $138, 245, 437 112 234 19 29 29 108 19 790 16 166 174 83 154 85 77 192 690 251 86 57 575 11 273 6 1,012 96 22 377 43 25 176 21 54 460 3 Miscella- neous ex- penses. 273,741 2,861 39, 615 172, 174 3,094,664 777,852 1,506,211 121,914 1,196,671 139,218 709,468 75, 306 14,908,127 62, 466 2,341,737 1,138,234 543, 337 814,858 496,879 3,424,936 1,303,233 12,666,960 2,616,498 2, 196, 415 79, 503 4, 585, 389 222, 520 904, 380 ■ 20,886 847,314 1,780,451 28,635 49,315,799 180,807 124, 270 7, 797, 277 278.290' 582, 721 12,300,832 403, 786 96, 564 150, 477 865,811 1,166,403 285, 123 361,056 862,957 819,331 261,179 3,282,720 39, 691 Cost of mate- rials used. S308, 269, 655 437,269 3,526 106,983 320, 149 5,195,751 1,444,960 7,026,936 1,580,897 730, 476 269,931 1,817,094 108,843 22,369,284 121,637 6, 583, 581 2,215,673 1,189,046 1,252,923 816, 109 16,614,112 4, 800, 463 36, 706, 368 9,389,573 3,914,105 194, 823 8,062,859 309, 332 1,406,969 35,016 6,004,088 7, 876, 123 55,763 78,368,303 401,050 238,048 18,924,211 354,709 1,313,642 30, 424, 630 1,603,959 334, 450 241,941 1,432,005 2,044,868 342,278 2,930,734 3,259,649 1,506,044 1,127,701 14,410,395 51,986 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. $857,112,266 1,977,737 25, 752 469,839 1,443,138 20,844,850 5, 835, 498 15,537,715 2,015,716 4, 446, 786 1,139,103 5,334,026 553,256 75,080,709 607, 782 16,953,828 8,931,565 4, 552, 629 6,216,512 3, 358, 644 28,979,902 10,947,016 86,368,096 22,238,460 13,876,047 916,043 27,113,031 1, 497, 475 5,266,750 266,947 10,592,946 18,832,183 299,040 239,890,775 1,694,232 1,116,439 60,963,966 1,501,615 4,371,767 82,564,968 4, 628, 874 1,278,079 1,222,839 5, 320, 221 8, 325, 566 1,565,549 4,954,696 7,416,232 5,771.763 2,897,835 29,205,924 313, 106 472 MANUFACTURES. Table 6.— GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 7.— 1.1QITORS ANB BEVERAGES. STATE OR TERRITORY. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. SALARIED OFFI- CIALS, CLERKS, ETC. "WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Capital. I Num- ber. Salaries Average number. Wages. United States. Alabama. . Arizona Arkansas . . California. Colorado.. Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia.- Florida Cleorgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory. Indiana Iowa Kansas. . . . Kentucky. Louisiana. Maine Maryland. Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota Mississippi. . . . Missouri Montana Neljraska Nevada New Hampshire. New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina . North Dakota. . Ohio Oklahoma Oregon, t Pennsylvania. . , Rhode Island . . . South Carolina. South Dakota. . Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington. . . AVest Virginia. Wisconsin AN'yoming i. . . . 0,381 I 8659,647,620 i 67 13 '. 70 531 ' .09 104 23 12 45 141 20 353 40 148 74 2.56 62 32 70 IK 177 171 35 13 819 85 16 339 34 50 6N-S 40 21 91 ISS 17 1 27,713 I 2,549 10 9,791 251 110 18, 727 1,353 2, 657 51 2,533 4,169 137 205 3,180 185 661 1,719 104 10 36 18 765 215 128 114 149 123 810 ' 1,171 1,720 233 1,001 1 Chil- dren un- der 16 yen r.s. 24 1,353 4, 554 1,538 4 4 2,020 160 1 80 13 87 134 20 32 Misceila- neou.s ex- l")en?es. Cost of mate- rials used. 1,703 8128,879,323 $609,351,160 293 242 314 46 1 14 12 20 702, 440 12, 708 378, 682 3, 548, 363 363, 493 1,617,862 205, 261 380, 862 891, 579 2, .882, 634 14,621,324 101,964 3, 299, 619 1, 394, 422 753, 853 1,2.88.317 1, 179, 394 439, 721 3, 365, 292 7, 657, 924 5,170,803 1, 592, 194 1,059,743 4,964,630 46, 545 638, 646 6,608 216, 773 10,550,632 30, 107. 719 648, 048 19, 639 6, 787, 176 102. 144 160, 010 12,485,945 994,277 570, 836 54, 566 1,840,515 1,972,910 68, 747 608,417 1,097,660 249, 589 180, 597 1,484,014 15,235 9,092 7,091,168 8,321 1,312,189 16,309,197 1,115,253 4, 006, 841 851, 982 840, 653 2, 733, 551 20,074,399 39, 016, 281 1,198,764 21,776,311 3,919,616 3, 942, 057 6, 401, 780 13,465,064 1, 236, 897 14,893,077 20,083,617 16,395,971 9, 151, 029 11,408,797 16,890,2.56 75, 528 1,824,310 32, 286 444,070 75,299,204 112,308,773 6, 407, 608 34, 227 37, .804,666 1,225,906 656,368 83, 453, 297 3, 703, 703 7, 702, 375 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. 81,031,965,263 53,467 7,211,163 20, 533, 593 181,171 1,316,456 5, 467, 713 3.55,896 1,738,980 4,092,409 62,703 63,327 11, 633, 129 30, 715 5, 389, 703 2!), 012, 729 2, 254, 062 9,023,243 1,. 527, 464 2, 403, 597 12, 716, 885 34,210,073 78,106,869 1, 567, 174 34,633,337 7, 676, 957 6, 280, 458 10, 663, 900 17,309,847 2, 464, 722 23, 988, 721 38, 950, 938 36,039,464 14, 005, 108 16, 252, 983 29,996,988 193, 286 3,118,493 82, 907 1, 071, 926 113,079,267 205, 238, 652 8, 799, 200 102, 108 62.228,797 1,701,277 1,249,869 128, 585, 669 6,665,316 9,918,399 173, 264 12,386,128 26, 456, 195 561,607 2, 591, 616 9, 201, 922 1,007,979 2,653,310 8,712,533 139, 659 118, 779 1 Includes states and territories distributed as follows: Alaska, 1; Idaho, 2; New Mexico, 1. 474 MANUFACTURES. Table 6.— GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 9.— CLiAY, OLiASS, AND STOAfE PRODUCTS. STATE OK TEKKITOKY. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. United States...! io,77S Alabama. . Alaska Arizona. .. Arkansas . . California. Capital. S553, 846, 682 3,810,699 SALARIED OFFI- CIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Num- ber. 18, 768 Salaries. 821,555,724 156 160, 994 WAGE-EAKNEES AND "WAGES. Average number. 285,365 2,127 Wages. $148,471,903 645, 170 Average number. Men 16 years and overt 266,049 Women 16 years and over. 10,864 2,017 Chil- dren un- der 16 years. 9,462 105 Miscella- neous ex- penses. S(37,822,036 163, 862 Cost of mate- rials used. $123, 124, 392 526, 173 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. $391,230,422 1, 815, 444 Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia. Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory. Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky . Louisiana . Maine Maryland Massachusetts . Michigan Minnesota , Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire . New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina . North Dakota. - Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania . Rhode Island . . South Carolina. South Dakota.. Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont . Virginia . . Washington... West Virginia. Wisconsin Wyoming 87 239 128 149 34 30 33 157 22 806 39 763 390 143 170 79 141 157 402 331 212 337 30 I 144 I 9 98 337 U 956 146 21 1,176 44 61 1,257 1 35 64 26 151 184 67 255 139 S8 122 300 6 112,920 1,341,603 17,291,716 3,249,869 5,648,291 703,283 1,098,696 529,526 6, 851, 463 127, 177 35,624,334 565,615 29,550,629 7,173,347 8,938,947 4,151,266 1,629,477 5,831,696 9,425,194 15, 313, 110 16, 310, 346 4,441,227 958,291 25,082,531 521, 156 1, 870, 557 144,605 2,219,818 41,769,001 95,6/0 67,036,099 1,216,938 321,677 64,721,647 986,647 827,024 124,562,480 1,305,136 814, 152 321,927 2,634,073 3,548,095 1,074,867 15, 066, 680 6,417,927 3, 016, 690 9, 353, 713 8, 300, 215 158,935 3 67 420 112 250 34 28 41 347 10 1,363 33 1,056 252 284 203 79 160 305 618 426 167 74 771 13 68 5 64 1,477 6 1,992 85 18 2,602 47 22 3,307 62 52 21 139 193 44 404 269 112 351 3,800 62,463 533,425 160, 130 273,206 32,842 24,269 39, 120 336,641 6,300 1,660,149 32,662 1,204,595 219,201 302,563 198,442 64,951 ■ 166,896 416,023 688, 477 432,892 155,743 52, 315 947,768 21, 300 55, 350 9,000 61,280 1.788,461 6,600 2.482,166 63,576 13,600 2,826,898 27, 966 28,500 3,974,296 78,445 60,852 11,646 141,766 173,641 42, 130 428,248 271,069 119,973 432,544 274, 992 7,579 39 803 5,320 1,556 3,144 549 524 663 4,669 86 18,293 319 21, 265 3,440 3,795 3,163 1,211 3,838 4,696 9,319 4,426 2,813 995 9,613 189 1,119 46 1,778 20,777 80 29, 192 1,649 153 37, 612 319 466 63, 785 975 1,160 143 2,796 2,366 481 8,444 4,378 1,071 5,952 3,948 40 27,478 311,167 3,417,087 1,028,717 1,607,569 244, 950 237, 839 191,215 1,569,539 51,603 10,771,642 152, 389 10,909,893 1,683,083 1,966,933 1,193,607 495,327 2,119,115 2, 137, 201 5,332,044 2,340,650 1,542,826 316, 133 5, 190, 117 156, 183 613, 995 •39, 067 924, 563 10, 755, 181 37,626 17,554,444 461,628 83,364 18, 715, 344 143, 566 275, 227 27,771,125 623, 802 294,208 86, 363 1,046,152 1,000,433 287, 872 4,595,215 1,641,213 684, 239 3, 123, 475 2,046,643 30,003 39 782 6,189 1,501 2,915 644 613 556 4,498 85 17,668 306 19, 512 3,393 3,684 3,029 1,161 3,826 4,342 9,080 4,353 2,791 922 9,264 186 1,095 46 1,750 18,680 73 27, 919 1,566 152 32,463 318 456 48, 603 967 1,076 143 2,725 2,302 456 8,435 4,163 1,068 4,660 3,848 40 6 177 225 4 794 4 46 149 188 36 3 26 1,210 922 6 6 1,787 3 2 12 1 805 4 21 46 49 52 5 11 7 171 1 600 10 969 43 65 56 60 206 51 37 19 73 218 2 22 2 887 929 1 4 3,395 213 487 96 13,2/2 122,921 820, 110 211,534 414,916 93,492 62,601 39,042 626, 117 10,929 3,382,068 50, 173 1,779,068 473, 867 589, 843 350,921 131,488 325,867 419,814 1,491,021 964,924 299,316 63, 238 1, 465, 152 33, 793 92, 727 14, 101 184,247 2,415,076 3,216 5,000,481 104, 176 15,998 4,969,652 66, 923 93, 998 6, 832, 258 111,337 69, 599 22, 976 268, 267 376, 586 82,982 842, 996 433, 126 180, 247 722,491 612, 160 18, 287 23,376 344,037 3,145,380 991,013 1,246,044 143,400 191,027 , 188,800 1, 390, 795 33,515 8,697,618 146, 996 9, 367, 907 1,368,341 1,626,044 1,213,747 72,881 1,225,172 10,061,644 2, 929, 550 4,208,369 634,303 606,616 572, 795 5,020,286 142, 155 29, 125, 164 463,303 27,200,746 4,977,409 5,376,265 3,640,838 382,365 1,329,991 1,261,276 4,621,043 1,723,931 6,597,484 3,619,926 13,260,716 2,937,202 8,181,684 1,310,845 4,284,221 253, 967 972,600 4,316,395 13,068,609 96, 667 378,482 504,883 1,682,082 19,333 101,703 669,981 2,039,884 8,976,893 27,796,433 IS, 605 91, 191 16,759,921 49,094,221 331,304 1,357,002 68,387 246, 223 13,749,370 46,559,996 138,367 482,250 287, 966 S/3,774 24,005,674 71,776,382 369,067 1,392,088 305, S73 1,005,283 106,218 297,720 872,974 2,879,441 1,026,168 3,344,268 233,866 776,082 2,196,971 10,057,664 1,510,673 4.647,977 535,210 1,892,955 2, 014, 654 7,230,672 2,056,863 6,832,707 29,486 106,764 GENERAL TABLES. 475 Table 6 — GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905-Continued. Group lO.— METAliS AND ITIETAIi PRODUCTS, OTHER THAN IRON AND STEEl.. STATE OR TESEITOEY. United States . . . Alabama Arizona Arlcansas California. .. Connecticut . Num- ber of estab- Ush- ments. 6,310 Delaware District of Columbia . Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory, Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts . Michigan . . . Minnesota. . Mississippi. Missouri Nebraska... New Hampshire. New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina . . North Dakota. Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania. . Rhode Island . . South Carolina . South Dakota.. Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont . . . . Virginia Washington . West Virginia Wisconsin All other states and territories' 252 218 Capital. $598,340,758 58 34 24 133 484 167 102 3 200 25 23 417 6 1,506 13 7 368 15 28 545 3 63 87 19 11 30 69 20 117 59 246, 516 9,340,839 67,235 15,525,436 73. 526, 196 192,653 213,054 66,448 1, 341, 464 278,300 60,366,086 43,280 5, 944, 827 6, 205, 183 11,973,455 929,029 401, 733 518, 712 20,013,717 30,962,561 10, 32*5, 239 2, 405, 252 5,150 11,658,771 17,030,627 1,110,692 57,999,135 133, 896 81, 116, 182 97,866 35,070 21, 521, 184 82, 982 1,561,066 39,054,960 21,693,164 55, 021 64, 350 2, 451, 133 4, 545, 533 9, 568, 518 317,237 3, 042, 498 3,515,715 2,555,640 5,249,278 62,987,875 SALARIED OFFI- CIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Num- ber. 19,471 23 107 1 440 2, 376 21 38 1,932 294 97 178 100 70 42 430 1,364 536 143 556 33 61 1,657 4 3,662 4 3 1,073 5 32 1,627 1,091 1 2 73 97 71 16 56 76 Salaries. 21,945 218,402 600 634,966 3, 142, 459 18, 764 33,242 7,276 43,953 18,500 2,431,020 382, 913 117,206 280, 168 93,060 42, 322 42,427 647, 875 1,753,166 650, 398 146, 613 662, 345 69,006 57, 517 2, 161, 168 4,663 4,657,932 2,460 1,700 1,237,066 4,388 55,224 1, 839, 508 1,241,361 1,200 1,160 86,065 101, 357 174, 101 10,120 83,660 117,413 136 I 155,826 366 374, 191 538 1,039,105 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. . Total. Average number. 211, 706 $117,599,837 169 2,349 59 4,263 33,785 150 262 110 492 42 19,600 23 2,153 1,049 2,764 779 337 302 4,977 16, 816 6,110 1,207 5 4,433 495 596 17, 953 44 37,347 93 40 9,717 63 324 16,605 11 1,022 1,281 2,158 184 763 1,234 1,162 2,748 Wages. 84,563 2,050,409 40,641 3,099,361 17, 382, 608 70, 146 154,521 58, 771 186, 445 43, 154 10, 913, 685 17, 665 1,037,272 485, 553 1,711,211 315, 629 202, 196 160, 380 2,086,609 9,085,626 2, 947, 162 624,571 2,340 2,467,403 336, 688 271,633 9, 481, 887 29,824 20,180,689 40,079 26,384 4, 714, 124 39,428 213,396 8, 193, 569 5, 254, 791 21,112 8,880 467, 285 705, 893 1,662,695 82, 343 336,364 959,085 460,604 1,344,308 7,541,276 Average number. Men 16 years and over. 169 2,348 59 3,945 26, 238 120 242 108 466 42 15,839 23 1,869 924 2,754 661 325 256 4,139 11,600 6,524 1,122 5 3,991 432 14,161 44 32,226 93 40 8,320 53 282 13,686 6,617 39 11 964 1,271 2,150 169 680 1,210 1,010 2,478 7,405 Women 16 years and over. 235 6,782 25 1 3,495 233 120 37 422 5,022 305 82 296 3 159 3,246 4,811 42 1,616 2,554 12 1 1 15 73 17 107 173 Chil- dren un- der 16 years. 3,880 83 765 166 9 416 194 281 3 5 546 310 403 118 Miscella- neous ex- penses. $41,695,062 42, 298 828,097 6,354 634,452 5, 867, 068 23,368 21, 377 7,284 61,198 10,927 3, 702, 161 6,629 427, 309 160, 137 469,497 80, 796 57,337 63,504 643, 361 2, 741, 329 1,607,800 187,496 523 749, 479 46,919 59, 379 8, 249, 662 6,714 6,229 1, 538, 036 8,756 36,638 3,031,506 Cost of mate- rials used. $644,367,583 1, ■66, .547 6,041 1,353 124, 333 139, 070 120, 037 12, 308 143, 269 139, 567 92, 418 486,674 424, 738 12,486,782 43,960 42, 117, 547 52, 175, 596 121, 405 131, 149 73,631 426, 674 282, 857 41,233,605 44,012 2,137,040 1,782,750 9,344,734 646, 424 416, 219 531, 499 30, 720, 787 12, 746, 466 26, 200, 212 1,086,468 1,852 12,814,807 34,641,628 303, 361 114,660,688 78, 275 92,482,403 107, 408 43,604 10,510,724 67,315 561,025 22,215,400 14,135,805 29,547 16,387 2,071,429 6,980,581 14, 853, 214 76,965 851, 921 10, 304, 945 2,929,624 4,086,037 65, 382, 203 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. $922, 262, 456 617, 950 22,761,981 124,646 49,948,658 85, 646, 354 266, 669 426, 744 217, 222 776,937 389,071 65,418,907 84, 491 4,446,465 2,893,719 12, 180, 756 1,423,659 901, 201 816, 154 36, 368, 604 31, 556, 297 34, 395, 205 2,438,990 8,290 18, 445, 777 36, 892, 994 768,733 140,370,334 137,015 138, 135, 180 194,455 93, 547 20,630,282 162, 176 969, 213 ^ 40, 419, 343 26,093,879 70,000 39, 896 3, 279, 626 8,016,739 20, 387, 317 254, 925 1,721,669 12, 817, 177 3,961,186 6,935,963 88, 476, 070 1 Includes states and territories distributed as follows: Colorado, 60; Montana, 9. 476 MANUFACTURES. Table 6.— GROUPS OF IXDUSTRIES, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 11 TOBACCO. STATE OR TERRITORY. United states.. Alabama.. -Vrizona. . . Arkansas.. California. Colorado. . Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia.. Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory. Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maine Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota. . Mississippi - Missouri Montana. . . Xcljraska. . . Nevada New Hampshire. New Jersey New Mcxior) New York North Carolina.. North Dakota... oliio Oklahoma Oregon Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 32 14 20 381 119 209 38 17 1,82.5 8 i 444 t 174 238 64 349 706 3.52 4 561 44 158 5 45 554 7 Pennsylvania. .. Rhode Island.. . South Carolina. . South Dakota. .. Tennessee Te.xas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington . ^A'c-^t \'irginia Wisconsin AVyoming All other states and territories ' 39 54 '. W)S 38 7 47 23 143 102 12 371 SALARIED OFFI- CIALS, CLERKS. ETC. Capital Cost of mate- rials used. 8323,983,501 128, 101 .S2,070 23,053 1,266,215 302, 038 1,173.806 5, 572, 8S0 77,034 7,391,463 397, 098 35, 986 9, 102, 432 6,905 1,486,065 1,. 598, 764 518,637 22,691,157 136, 075 2,372,592 4,146,815 1,468,0.59 6,17,5 .52, 820,624 71,124 370,477 9, 236 .?8, 800, 434 13 10,370 5 8,480 2 1,028 77 69, 456 23 27, 740 73 70,268 10 10, 749 2 1,0,50 746 765,. 354 28 15, 823 3 1..320 371 315, 177 23,952 202, ,508 20,522,401 22,245 .53,794,950. 2,066 36,076,997 34, 672 15,646,744 48, 022 123,476 23.371,281 183,910 699, 296 124.674 5,793,715 284,672 106,388 48, 449 23, 477, 649 190,8116 3,703.005 3, 1.53, 250 23,075,132 124 156 23 297 8 168 405 115 1 307 1 16 .534 1,378 4 25 5 3 621 3 209 1 409 159, 408 862,640,303 169 77,263 75 46, .552 55 35, 184 1,811 831,508 484 310,185 1,267 765,542 85,691 96, 144 126,511 17,066 371,323 5.276 202,611 375,016 119,026 225 394,582 1,200 15,216 180 1,809 281,246 15, 54 6,925 2,652 519,255 3,300 78, 340 201,221 400 .3.30,042 I 174 60 9,658 258 42 7,471 .594 3,969 244 3,586 6,428 1,780 6 5,259 95 517 13 342 6,508 18 33,946 7,293 30 11,175 59 163 1, 116, .838 30,748 5,616 ll 217 22,874 446 4,0211 167 93,009 ,888 347 140 7,931 256 1.54i 2,810 27 5,6H 70, 269 30, 413 5,577,426 81,997 29, 736 3,738,328 7 2.958 2,668 j 1,040,047 2,072 I 847,148 238,110 1,225,886 122,810 2,337,480 2,467,116 837, 453 2,648 2, 305, 468 00,017 237,843 11,760' 198, 235 2,041,129 10, 703 14, 546, .5117 1,457,379 16,019 3,912,416 24,543 92, 242 10, 437, 998 128,817 74,113 ,80,930 2,87,430 158,523 108,533 39,715 1.829,239 690,246 1, 195, 748 15,, 534 1,7 26 152 59 43 1,431 383 1,018 117 58 7,939 34 5,325 2,530 2,650 1,297 4 3,283 86 367 I 27 4,269 14,512 158 39 143 232 116 72 3,3.82 229 ,801 2,028 2,408 9 11 1 328 226 50 1 1,700 160 4 1 , 878 1,033 3,310 1,615 1 110 12 ' 282 2,042 I 4 17 17,889 ' 15 58 105 2,303 1 6, 499 3 33 14,022 58 358 15 96 13 3 3,900 20 596 600 2 3, 737, 847 'Includes statra and territories distributed as follows: Alaska,!; Lnnisiana, 25; Marvlaiul 345 1,4.85 1,000 1,275 : 699 364 2,393 1 19 12 4 268 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. 7,416 ' 880, 145,016 8126,088,608 8331,117,681 183 42 360 23 468 24 361 8 40 1,289 19 11 649 1 32, 803 30, 274 25, 230 574, 407 119,687 290, 775 148,045 13, 779 2,367,010 61,594 11,816 3,648,671 2,065 637,529 599,514 139,530 4,945,247 55, 757 923, 402 2,845,168 .361 1 248 14,390,224 602, .520 1,369 383,025 40,335 134,535 6,352 71,, 571 846, 224 4,697 9,619,689 11,097 5,107,981 16,217 51,. 548 8,321,878 .50, 246 04, 866 48, 933 844,788 82. 938 :i2, 500 19,679 5, .509,908 81,621 150 I 1,IB9, 182 l,.5:i8,56S 3 i;.090 '307 74,354 40, 731 85, 142 1,146,127 339, 629 852, 251 435,342 32,853 6, 596, 730 125,207 42,532 5, 994, 798 5, 487 1,580,981 1,279,724 341,739 5,914,476 181,524 2,511,388 4,847,486 1,098,322 3,707 11,961,832 105,032 339,963 12,198 261, 102 3,808,453 12, 442 25,240,318 10,149,351 29,200 7,499,939 48, 231 179, 173 15, 936, 872 135,019 108. 289 127,336 935, 986 210, 726 110, 722 45, .591 6,663,585 225, 730 244,370 153, 170 227, 234 3,274,243 987, 726 2,349,710 688, 321 98,318 16, 766, 476 299, 280 104, 471 16,061,837 14,375 3,904,621 3,359,024 912,041 14,913,049 449, 563 6, 643,. 308 11,863,959 3,205,354 9,310 30, 884, 182 271,281 903,117 41,076 569, 980 10, 988, 409 36, 731 65, 596, 931 28,0.87,969 76, 443 20, 488, 522 116,094 395,597 40,897,336 358, 124 257,078 32/, 817 2, 750, 7.55 549,653 297, 918 127, 492 16, 768, 204 603,578 } 884, 875 3,188,876 8 , 2, 1,80, 248 6,345,914 i 14,664 49, 105 7 5,325,201 13,600,739 GENERAL TABLES. 477 Table G.— GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. f Group 12.— VEHICIiES FOK L,AND TKAIVSPOKTAXION. STATE OR TERRITORY. United State Alabama . . Arizonii . , . Arkansas , . California. Colorado. . Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia. Florida Georgia Idalio Illinois Indian Territory . Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky . Louisiana . Maine Maryland. MassacbusetLs Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nei^raska Mevada NTew Hampshire . Sevf Jersey New Mexico Neiv York Nfortli Carolma. N'orth Dakota.. Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania. . . Rhode Island. . . South Carolina. South Dakota.. Teiuiea.see Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington . . . West Virginia. Wisconsin Wyoming ' — Num- ber of. estab- lish- ments. Capital. 44 S 41 ; 241 129 34 11 I 38 105 I 318 157 07 1.59 58 177 144 368 308 186 39 302 16 51 14 810 142 4 5X1 10 30 834 36 46 9 116 84 12 40 133 39 63 379 11 2, 747. (-.54 534,827 1,308,388 0,089,130 2,455,311; 9,f«iS,4!11 4,067,044 497,410 693,1)1)2 3,554,206 7,915,006 1,737,366 1,947,080 5,324,583 14,736,050 27,469,931 '.l,804,2C5 1,810,373 21,815,185 1,115,366 6,283,286 253,888 2,524,193 13,744,563 998,003 40,384,118 2,973,823 137,890 38,894,831 112,327 625,130 81,954,333 531,736 802, 166 161,531 5,253,782 4,911,626 548,840 841,480 SALARIED OFFI- CIALS, CLERKS, ETC. ber. 292 40 185 425 370 206 43 465 226 367 1,241 504 135 1,066 82 397 25 90 664 71 2,197 167 20 2,728 28 o'l 3,417 36 107 15 346 441 94 30 Salaries. 24,632 824, .334, 118 3.. 882, 147 329 183,141 40 43,484,338 2,386 97,060 00 37,931,207 1,833 8,154,672 625 4,835,179 493 1 1,988,796 78 3,022,516 228 6, 125, 517 714 962, 078 84 274,574 66,000 191,220 472,653 309,660 413,906 205, 165 41,522 56,638 343,854 45,900 2,481,637 22,430 1,761,765 594,714 243,082 444,610 201,443 49,511 317,196 569,799 1.237,761 483,350 139,213 1,104,433 104,165 203,542 26,224 89,257 659,913 93,183 2,208,795 144,414 19,283 2,687,580 31,444 68,116 3,367,934 33,742 84,872 16,520 347,364 507,962 98,984 21,982 402,066 84, .58,8 194,077 671,665 103, 820 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Total. •Average number. AVages 384,57 5,973 1,169 2,968 10, 165 3.635 5,698 3,083 864 1,342 6,142 713 35,605 281 25,002 7,973 6,475 7,530 2,743 1,016 7,002 10,366 18,500 7,178 2,971 15,952 1,062 3,461 315 1,1)75 1,693 30,246 3, 425 150 35,345 497 1,185 58,406 630 1,477 203 6,960 8,828 1,320 944 8,7,36 1,574 6,153 10, 244 1,246 3,195,575 969,091 1,719,402 7,511,498 2, 677, .576 3,453,336 1,941,649 472,549 676,074 2,903,936 539,313 22,254,769 185,823 13,366,473 4,643,0« 4,074,542 3,735,029 1,449,418 878,993 3,649,594 6,382,2.39 9,. 588, 091 4,031,570 1,552,379 9, 526, 181 819,368 2,221,819 279,887 1,096,111 5,03.<,117 1,248,588 17,358,134 1,. 325,. 339 104,885 19,360,849 276,078 864,586 34,287,394 372,557 695,4/1 118,212 3,543,586 6,510,812 1,016,054 610,221 4,165,331 1,066,904 2, 609, 492 5, 497, 346 921, 193 .V^-cragc number. Men AWiiiien 16 years 16 years and over, and over. Chil- dren un- der 16 years. Mi.seell.i- neous ex- penses. Cost of mate- rials used. 381,283 2,1116 5,941 1,169 2,959 10,145 3,616 5,584 3,067 829 1,338 6,107 713 35, 410 281 24,580 6,466 7,359 2,741 1,614 6,967 10,243 18,256 7,148 2,i63 15,809 1,061 3,459 315 1,971 8,623 1,688 .30,038 3,339 150 34,841 497 1,185 67,841 627 1,451 203 6,891 8,828 1,.317 944 8,669 1,.572 I 5,125 10, 149 1,246 50 1,098 .829,197,649 .?.334, 244,377 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. 175 20 279 143 22 3 1 8 90 81 n 2 12 23 95 28 179 65 26 4 8 104 39 1 2 ' 1 3 35 19 5 32 176 11 75 479 25 300 265 3 14 12 29 30 1 2 12 54 2,676 2,636,657 315 2,206,674 617,276 135,415 538,409 68,650 84,066 241,471 975,715 3,394,360 206,944 57,079 1,832,998 10,198 208,793 3,910 91,183 803,079 65,324 2,835,158 121,618 330 3,750,177 3,174 153,060 3,872,324 26,833 33,903 2,060 317,663 149,723 3,040 20,670 216,866 60,839 188,717 985, 937 137, 417 326,781 40,367,494 324,263 25,764,039 5,361,404 7,413,935 6,959,623 1,282,836 1,205,464 4,959,133 9,216,103 24,802,704 5,039,488 1,545,212 19,521,510 707,546 2,069,952 222,893 1,870,464 6,838,826 1,152,642 21,872,939 2,595,369 84,284 31,466,333 220,080 600,852 54,003,961 264, #)3 722,685 140,542 5,500,366 4,617,991 869,827 433,690 5,798,811 2,004,414 3, 447, 549 8, 418,418 572, 477 $643,924,442 222, 193 3,813,318 7,6.59,901 24,849 297,980 1,348,603 67,552 1,706,632 3,849,100 400,820 4,6.54,841 13,635,559 146.. 866 3,239,504 6,489,562 709,9.57 3,558,403 8,130,380 201,562 2,743,644 6,479,128 16,380 324,812 877,070 40,677 692,663 1,549,289 228,212 3,627,398 7,. 381, 725 913,670 70,804,151 634,631 45,848,471 11,649,934 11,966,666 11,586,238 3,101,605 2,6j7,789 9,406,755 18,406,422 43,488,614 10,167,139 3,380,372 34,500,224 1,679,538 4,772,836 534,289 3,341,055 14,180,860 2,575,696 46,864,136 4,824,597 209,982 62,371,450 643,613 1,715,420 98,362,702 803,664 1,629,216 282,012 10,195,722 10,873,180 1,991,271 1,028,070 11,044,283 3,311,475 6,847,092 17, 322, 365 1,735,921 ) Includes 1 establishment in Alaska. 478 MANUFACTURES. I Table 6.— GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905— Continued. Group 13.— SHIPBUIL,DING. STATE OE TEREITOKY. United States . . Alabama Connecticut Delaware District of Colunihia . [''lorida Idaho Illinois Indiana... Iowa Kentucky. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Louisiana . . Maine Maryland . . Michigan . . Minnesota. Mississippi Missouri New nampshire. New Jersey New York North Carolina. Oregon. rennsylvania . . Rhode Island . . Texas Virginia Washington . . . West Virginia. Wiscou'^in All other states and territories ^ 20 139 ■ 35 57 28 13 6 5 78 210 12 11 33 16 Capital. $121,623,700 17,200 2, 337, 877 254, 471 169, 597 72, 830 146,067 1,881,108 4,-i25,620 3,911,547 319, 370 39, 760 23,733 5,665 10,890,674 11,744,357 71,570 119,710 18,007,264 876.033 10,905 23,027,616 3,302,677 125,614 3,345,081 32,503.974 SALARIED OFFI- CIALS, CLEEKS, Num- ber. Salaries. 103 17 19 12 64 140 150 16 316 337 4 321 14 142 OS 36 517 $3,339,741 12,240 104,579 91,724 16, 780 56, 101 17,864 12,836 6,580 15,830 101,727 173,075 134,992 14,670 2,880 488,266 470,743 1,170 6,900 481,998 68,916 156, 442 88, 363 7,682 42,226 775,157 WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. Average number. Wages. $29,241,087 92, 100 987,253 563, 409 4, 185 159,803 4,133 295, 654 124,253 57,620 71, 394 181,789 1,313,946 1,340,492 1,068,263 132,967 85,069 99, 489 2,612 3,032,702 4,387,033 ,".7. 404 121,760 3, 473, 296 428,604 22,605 3,4,30,715 906, 873 38,006 328, 327 6,449,652 Average number. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Chil- dren un- der 16 years. 6 2 19 4 24 1 11 2 6 13 370 7 287 11 Miscella- neous ex- penses. $5,255,506 10,892 86,917 133, 304 640 45, 704 144 82, 288 41, 415 24,428 5,487 11,319 222, 845 245, 228 308, 843 16,668 4,643 7.097 279 383, 178 1,021,210 3,492 7,500 880, .600 20,242 1,900 !59,370 191,061 2,366 62,904 1,174,762 Cost of mate- rials used. 337, 463, 179 66,396 2,806,690 894,907 3,455 146, 185 8,871 347,032 218, 965 62,966 47, 657 131, 498 2, 428, 515 1,784,861 1,079,064 301,658 98,875 44,272 4,104 3,461,803 3.988,925 22,977 122,961 6, 180, 488 370,874 16,209 4,357,260 1,228,563 47,503 227, 603 8,163,053 Value of products. In- cluding cus- tom work and repairing. $82,769,239 218,365 4, 560, 404 1,780,914 9,244 414,961 19,015 887,919 477,726 170,589 160,996 445,201 4,427,381 4, 641, 165 2,972,865 342, 113 243,747 158,964 11,898 7,735,330 11,266,303 83.273 297,231 10, 326, 592 945,2/0 51,844 8,933,177 2,695,024 116,785 783,469 17,703,994 5 Includes states and territories distributed as follows: California, 41; Georgia, 2; Massachusetts, 126; Ohio, 22; South Carolina, 1; Tennessee, 2. GENERAL TABLES. 479 Table 6.~GR0UPS OF INDUSTRIES, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 190.5— Continued. Group 14.— JMISCElil^ANEOCS INDUSXRIKS. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Capital. SALARIED OFFI- CIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EABNEKS AND WAGES. Miscella- neous ex- penses. Cost of mate- rials used. Total. Average nimiber. Value of products, in- Num- ber. 1 Salaries. Average number. Wages. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. ChU- dren un- der 16 years. tom work and repairing. United States,.. 12, 377 5974,316,571 47,406 550,0,5.5,229 390,831 5187,514,312 303, 967 79,398 7,476 $101,198,364 $460,206,601 $941,604,873 Alabama 86 5,402,658 199 177,903 2,663 1, 112, 285 2,604 38 11 284,342 4,633,123 7,402,126 14 62 256 423,343 1,545,821 47,277,470 13 79 1,72.S 11,865 60, Oil 2, 293, 928 74 436 24, 197 66,852 194,686 11,913,521 73 414 ■ 16,299 1 4 444 35, 246 98,526 6,315,270 58,936 204,910 34,258,041 262,588 IS 7,464 728, 790 61,986,932 Delaware 23 819, 190 44 33,802 268 113,666 192 53 23 80, 754 234, 702 677,246 lUinois 1,073 132,862,295 6,668 6,835,934 42,906 22,587,865 36,978 6,373 664 11,526,689 48,078,319 103,567,977 Indiana 360 33,538,720 1,621 1,673,848 12, 192 6,613,037 10,666 1,290 236 4,040,237 12,708,749 27,274,101 Iowa 219 136 6,360,098 2, 688, 455 572 155 496,290 133, 128 4,067 858 1,686,361 386,066 3,169 668 832 149 76 41 786, 723 218,663 3,029,943 850,102 6,707,380 Kansas 2,041,126 Kentucky 148 7,770,381 369 357,198 3,246 1,644,401 2,996 143 107 656, 204 3,994,421 7,861,624 Maine 1,729,948 83 66,590 768 349, 660 671 95 2 109,808 597,917 1,295,036 Michigan 2S3 22,324,166 1,256 1,260,240 8, ,589 3,996,014 7,002 1,397 190 3,199,976 8,681,510 19,486,007 Minnesota 186 13,336,561 660 738, 936 3,890 1,850,633 2,866 1,029 6 1,185,440 6,868,069 10,871,482 Mississippi 47 1,430,089 90 70, 484 428 160, 831 . 360 62 26 98,213 260,740 822, 940 Missouri 357 11,510,883 933 942,827 6,024 2,466,260 4,027 846 151 1,293,449 ,5,011,357 12,073,708 Nebraska 71 1,676,468 151 123,894 663 335, 921 591 67 5 196,423 904,733 1,781,380 New Hampshire 53 1,430,272 78 87,268 957 434, 196 735 213 9 139,004 726,686 1,628,911 New Jersey 638 62,749,973 3,248 3,821,548 26,006 11,990,950 18,478 6,927 601 7,683,296 33,192,662 64,428,369 New York. 3,084 64 167,429,342 1, 163, 567 9,877 86 10,526,799 73,046 85,629 526 42,895,460 160, 249 64,041 496 20, 762 20 826 10' 20,484,406 73,048 108,787,687 325, 768 212,765,780 North Carolina 853,926 North Dakota 8 30 63 1,317 38,745 761,286 739,521 172,936,391 1 39 44 6,132 364 28,097 37,617 6,638,118 39 149 275 47,874 16,216 79,597 164,391 22,174,254 25 147 206 38,633 14 1 69 7,639 6,461 60,681 71,268 14, 708, 199 30,900 103, 260 280, 520 .50,717,890 63, 410 Oklahoma 1 348,796 748,469 Pennsylvania 1,702 107,962,168 Rhode Island 97 210 25 61 142 76 127 324 2,776 14,404,899 5,991,364 573, 939 3,738,706 '7,616,647 1,341,136 9,935,891 41,858,498 190,912,841 42-5 270 39 176 281 86 309 2,151 9,665 473,844 261,243 23, 340 199,004 247, 853 81,987 228,204 2,2/8,964 10,492,080 7,398 1,485 274 2,680 3,768 606 3,025 12,343 87, 734 3,049,873 711,415 213, 899 1, 162, 132 1,372,824 318, 799 1,229,468 5,777,363 41,506,399 4,664 1,399 243 2,398 3,522 446 2,985 10,227 65,876 2,643 54 24 167 129 55 24 1,771 20,150 201 32 7 21 117 4 16 346 1,708 1,006,753 440,676 30, 295 297, 910 407,825 166, 423, 600,398 4,886,612 20,222,249 10,960,408 1,300,412 591,775 1,159,409 2,808,980 595, 663 3,118,700 12,158,724 104,070,595 19,348,671 3,616,988 Utah 1,132,309 3,218,485 6,486,329 1,494,643 6,266,893 28,400,114 All other states and 220,311,270 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows; Alaska, 1; California, 399; Colorado, 90; District of Columbia, 43; Florida, 58; Georgia, 106; Idaho, 2; Indian Territory, 33; Louisiana, 99; Maryland, 201; Massachusetts, 763; Montana, 5; Nevada, 2; New Mexico, 10; Ohio, 786; South Carolina, 32; South Dakota, 10; Ten- nessee, 133; Wyohiing, 3. ' 480 MANUFACTURES. Table 7. -STATES AND TERRITORIES, BY GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905. ALABAMA. The state 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 3. Iron and steel and their products, 4. Lumber and its remanufactures. . 5. Leather and its finished products . 6. Paper and printing 7. Liquors and beverages 8. Chemicals and allied products. .. . 9. Clay, glass, and stone products . . . 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 11. Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transportation. . 13. Shipbuilding 14. Miscellaneous industries Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Ill 716 10 258 105 Capital. S105, 382, 859 1,313,842 26, 046, 729 35, 742, 588 14, 786, 950 1,010,779 1,507,363 1,621,538 10, 708, 036 3,810,699 246, 516 128, 101 2,747,654 309, 406 5, 402, 658 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEEK3, ETC. Num- ber. 3,763 128 313 770 820 11 281 81 671 155 13 292 6 199 S3, 867, 139 105,549 388, 371 1,002,258 856,565 10, ,596 247, 491 89, 813 508,470 160, 994 21,945 10,370 274, 574 12, 240 177,903 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Total. i number. age num- ber. 62, 173 821,878,451 925 12,518 13, 528 17,091 301 943 375 5,227 2.127 169 5,973 174 2,653 AVages. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. 292,. 501 2, 676, 332 5,753,666 5, 803, 708 94,413 477, 807 148,014 1,426,1.54 645, 170 84, 563 77, 263 3,195,575 92, 100 1,112,285 53,496 719 5,336 13, 299 16, 468 296 768 368 6,206 2,017 169 152 6,941 174 2,604 Chil- dren under 16 years. 4, 547 4, 130 158 3,921 3 264 120 4 18 5 4S 3,261 226 359 5 66 13 4 105 Miscella- neous expenses. 137, 766 1 , 084, 163 1,785,898 2, 762, 183 88, 376 273,741 367, 862 792,440 163, 862 42.29.S 32,803 222, 193 10,892 284,342 Cost of materials used. S8, 048, 819 I ?60,458,368 3, 125, 695 12, 860, 291 20, 849, 008 5,537,999 712, 250 437, 259 416, 597 7,091,168 526, 173 424, 738 74, 354 3,813,318 66, 395 4, 533, 123 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and re- pairing. S109,I69,922 4,127,259 18,073,790 34,052,898 19,111,649 1,014,886 1,977,737 1,320,528 11,533,129 1,816,444 617, 960 244,370 7.659,901 218,356 7,402,126 -!i.LASIvA. 82 110,684,799 195 8321,909 1 1,938 ■ 81,096,579 ;' 1.896 29 14 SI, 861 716 .53,741,946 S8. 244. 524 1. Food and kiDdred products 2 Textiles 64 j 10,285,986 ' 175 , 291,951 1,811 ; '957,641 1,770 29 12 1,827,640 3,556,658 7,762,032 3. Iron and steel and their p'roducts i i 1 4. Lumber and its remanufactures. . 6 205,2.38 4 ! 8.666 ■ 63 71,870 02 1 8,573 77,914 245,380 5 12,575 1 1.000 |; U 9,280 10 1 2, 861 3, ,526 i 25,7.52 7. Liquors and beverages 9. Clay, glass, and stone products ..■ 10. Metals and metal products, other 1 1 ' 12. Vehicles for land transportation . 13. Shipbuilding 1 7 181. ono 16 20,958 . 53 1 56,788 i 63 1 12.642 103, S4,s 211,360 ! ARIZOXA. 169 811,395,6.54 291 8471,548 4,793 83,969,248 4,742 33 IS 81.908390 814,, 595, 057 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 32 675,621 22 25, 462 136 101,914 127 8 1 ■ .53,372 966, 496 J, 266, 938 3. Iron and steel and their products. 12 3 60 13 3 6 14 8 ■--■-■ 172,419 2,416,468 14,. 592 396,951 98,022 127,682 112,920 9, 340, 839 82,070 534,827 423,' 343' 9 41 10, 320 78, 373 78 648 189 17 7 39 2,349 76 1 1,169 74' 57,097 472,909 7,833 160, 646 13,390 6,077 27, 478 2,050,409 46,662 969, 091 .55,'s.52' 78 647 10 168 17 7 39 2,348 59 17, 207 76, 260 481,. 524 12,325 106, 083 35, 354 8,321 23,375 12,4,S6,7S2 40, 731 297, 980 58,'936" ;94,O0O 1,406,159 31,068 469,839 85,250 4. Lumber and its remanufactures. . 5. Leather and its finished products 2 6. Paper and printing 2 12 1 138, 151 j, 2,130 9 39,516 13,499 43 5 3 3 107 5 40 '"'is' 51,336 6,000 2,520 3,800 21s. 402 8,480 56, 000 ii,'8,55' 7. Liquors and beverages 8. Chemicals and allied products 12, 708 9. Clav, glass, and stone products. . . 13, 272 72,881 22,761,981 153, 170 1,348,603 262,";-.,S.S 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 11. Tobacco 11 1 '■ 828,097 6 30, 274 24,849 12. Vehicles for land transportation.. 1,169 7.3" 13. Shipbuilding 14. Miscellaneous industries "i 3.5,' 246' ARKANSAS. The state. 1 . Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 3. Iron and steel and their products. 4. Lumber and its remanufactures. 5. Leather and its finished products., j 6. Paper and printing | 7. Liquors and beverages 8. Chemicals and allied products 9. Clay, glass, and stone products...' 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 846,306,116 11. Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transportation. 13. Shipbuilding 14. Miscellaneous Industries 232 10 33 992 7 70 62 S7 20 46 1, 931, 678 608,136 762, 326 31,270,247 174,143 1,314,691 453, 729 5, 605, 167 1,341,603 67, 236 23, 053 ■| 26 28 1,453 9 104 21 254 185 "79 82,309,890 84, 841 23, 160 30, 795 1,504,348 10, 328 92, 556 18, 230 2,30,311 62, 463 600 1,028 191,220 60,011 33,089 $14,543,635 762 175 363 25, 305 62 896 146 1,061 55 2,968 268, 265 52,917 199,632 10, 800, 492 37, 430 437,812 60,179 385,928 311, 167 40,641 35, 184 1,719,402 32, 066 561 61 357 24, 921 60 668 133 1,048 782 43 2.959 .501 52 2 166 2 4 25 34 6 332 86,648,343 , $21,799,346 198,418 37, 042 44, 792 5, 363, 284 20,166 172,174 113,204 378, 682 122,921 6,354 25, 230 67,652 8,525 3, 860, 165 290, 558 216,678 10, 193, 858 104,719 320,149 117,359 4, 312, 189 344,037 43, 960 85, 142 1,706,632 204, 910 $53,864,394 6,037,616 443, 864 663, 870 34,052,755 210, 175 1,443,138 468, 282 5, 389, 763 1,225,172 124,646 227, 234 3,849,100 1 Includes establishments as follows; Miscellaneous industries, 1, group 14: iron and steel and their product, chemicals and allied products, 1, group 8: tobacco, 1, group 11; vehicles for land transportation, 1, group 12. 'Includes establishments as follows; Leather and its finished products. 2, group 5; textiles, 1, group 2. s, 1, group 3; liquors and beverages, 2. group ' GENERAL TABLES. Table T.— STATE.S AXD TERRITORIES, BY GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 190.5— Coiitinu.Ml. C.VLTFOIIXIA. 48] The state 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 3. Iron and steel and their products. 4. Lumber and its remanut'actures. . 5. Leather and its finished products . 6. Paper and printing 7. Liquors and beverages 8. Chemicals and allied products 9. Clay, glass, and stone products, . . 10. Metals and metal products, other ' than iron and steel 381 241 11. Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transportation.. 13. Shipbuilding 14. Miscellaneous industries I i 440 i 1,152 531 331 2,39 13.57(1.996 2.403 23.922.062 537 .423.078 : 1.5.39 17.291,716 ; 420 440 15.525.436 1.21111.215 6.089.130 2.958,140 449, 383 1,363.421 1.649,ll.-)5 400.987 2.415,158 7311.092 1.718,498 533, 425 634,966 09, 456 472. 653 997.323 "WAUE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Average number. num- ber. Wages. 864, 656, 686 16,786 11, 441 8,063 21,169 3,341 8, 708, 877 2,730,172 5,849,160 14,400,363 1,944,638 8,007 2,837 4.609 5,320 5,687,452 2,159,046 3, 052, -919 3,417,087 4,263 3,099,361 1,811 10, 1.55 831,608 7, .511, 498 . 554 5, 264, 615 Men 16 years and over. 4.688 10,254 2,195 7,946 20, 754 2,707 6.044 2,786 4,287 5,189 3.945 1,431 10,146 Women 16 years and over. 14,084 6,165 3,990 17 206 592 1,665 43 292 86 235 328 1 Chil- dren under 16 years. 1,583 376 266 100 209 42 Miscella- neous expenses. $27, 146, 650 6,886,468 1,042,948 1 , 613, 469 3,724,665 570, 939 3,094,664 3,912,438 3, 548, 363 820, 110 634, 452 674, 407 400, S20 Cost of materials used. 8215,726,414 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and re- pairing. S367, 218, 494 87,131,636 8, 960, 656 9,416,942 14, 486, 470 8,333,050 5,195,751 7,136,858 16.309,197 3.146,380 42. 117, 547 1,146,127 4,064,841 702,9 116,022,536 14,766,075 21,642,283 40, 465. 6(19 12,641,564 20,844,860 17,230,894 29,012,729 10,061,644 49,948,658 3,274,243 13,635,559 COLORADO. The state 1,606 8107,663,600 2.677 53.549.043 21,813 316,100,365 20, 164 1,343 306 .56,519,100 563,114,397 8100,143,999 1. Food and Idndred products 2. Textiles 3. Iron and steel and their products. 4. Lumber and its remanufactures. . 6. Leather and its finished products. 337 21 105 136 20 430 59 36 128 21.833,157 475, 4711 30,604,4.55 3.112.872 321,730 4,214,789 5.379,421 8,343,756 3,249,869 440 69 392 119 32 640 74 184 112 699,348 66, 482 704.916 109,566 31.801 736, 427 152, 668 164,643 150,130 3,015 420 3,405 1,645 155 2,098 408 324 1.556 1,968,349 165, 728 2.097,662 1,061,911 112,321 1,481,646 317,627 269,727 1,028,717 2,499 78 3,352 1,612 153 1,697 402 309 1,501 478 331 3 24 289 is" 6 38 11 60 9 2 112 6 2 49 1,390,385 77,237 1.621,862 332, 431 60, 032 777,852 812,216 363, 493 211.534 15,140,272 533, 526 7, 152, 476 1,046,989 243, 604 1,444,960 593, 162 1,116,253 991,013 22,392,929 970, 172 13,238,684 3,061,839 512,767 5,835,498 2,652,434 1 2,254,052 2,929,660 7. Liquors and beverages 8. Chemicals and allied products 9. Clay, glass, and stone products... 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 11. Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transportation.. 1,3. Shipbuilding 119 76 302,038 2,455,316 23 267 27, 740 309,660 484 3.636 310, 186 2, 677, 576 383 3,616 90 11 11 8 119.687 146,866 339, 629 3,239,504 987,726 6,489,562 14. Miscellaneous industries 2 140 28,470.622 325 496,662 4.668' 3,619,017 4,562 98 8- 615,505 .31.274.009 38,918.786 The state 3,477 ! .?.373.2,S3.SS0 Food and kindred products Textiles Iron and steel and their products. Lumber and its remanufa7 2.858,986 34 703, 283 10 192 (.53 20 5, ,572, 880 34 4,067 644 10 2,629 792 23 819 190 1.451 81.629.251 110 137 373 56 202 96 28 85 34 10 306 00 44 78, 316 125, (1.52 425. ,525 68.010 2.58.991 125,008 48, .384 106. .329 32,842 18, 764 10, 749 206, 166 91.724 33.802 18,475 88,158,203 1,753 2,221 3, 392 1,268 3,909 901 131 564 549 150 174 3, 083 1,122 268 490. 852 701,914 1,699.715 388, 638 1,205,503 413,266 89,036 265,212 244,950 70,146 14, 866 867 957 3,345 1, 1(16 1.978 720 131 551 544 120 70,269 ■ 117 1,941,649 ;: 3,067 663,409 ;! 1,111 113,(556 :' 192 766 1,002 ""48 829 102 "16 649 82,691,218 121 263 47 44 102 23 216, 632 244, 639 447,890 139,, 356 304, (507 131,914 330, 604 305,261 93, 492 23, 368 148,045 201,552 133, 304 80, 754 24,883,806 4, 106, 819 1,443,684 3, 173, 423 928, 100 8,030,301 1,680,897 195, 200 851,982 143,400 131, 406 436, 342 2,743,644 894,907 234, 703 841,160,376 6,387,475 ' 2,919,831 6,059,988 1,973,406 10, 438, 297 2,615,716 821,638 1,537,464 634,303 256, 669 688, 321 5. 479, 128 1,780,914 677,246 1 Includes establishments as follows: Miscellaneous industries, 399, group 14; shipbuilding, 41, group 13. 2 Includes establishments us follows: Miscellaneous industries, 90, group 14; metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 3IFG — PT 1 — 07 31 60, group 10. 482 MANUFACTURES. Table 7.— STATES AND TERKITORIES, BY GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. DISTKICT OF COLUMBIA. Num- ber ol estab- lish- ments. Capital. SALARIED WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. MisceMa- neous expenses. Cost of materials used. CLEBKS, ETC. Total. Average number. ' Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and re- pairing. GHOUP. Num- ber. Salaries. Aver- age num- ber. Wages. Menl6 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Chil- dren under 16 years. 482 320,199,783 1,006 81,206,609 6,299 S3, 658, 370 5,614 611 74 .?2, 724, 840 S7, 731, 971 S18,359,159 1. Food and kindred products 111 8 20 17 2, 759, 354 231,480 398, 250 321,999 99 18 27 26 114,311 18,542 24,118 25, 130 1,129 93 313 326 683, 342 47,886 164, 383 187, 622 1,009 38 308 320 111 55 3" 9 5' 2 319,916 7,862 29, 183 30,889 4,237,569 96,006 184, 127 183,811 5,904,813 228, 719 3. Iron and steel and their products. 4. Lumber and its reman ufactures. . 5. Leather and its finished products. 6. Paper and printing ■ 479,124 512, 382 168 I 3,586,480 12 3..^30.9.39 656 51 60 28 38 2 46 635, 885 102,942 127, 885 24, 289 33,242 1,050 41,522 1,433 314 552 524 252 60 864 7 433 875, 459 242,916 336,714 237,839 164, 521 30, 413 472, 649 4, 185 ■ 220, 541 1,085 312 516 '513 242 58 829 7 377 319 1 36 1 1 34 •29 1 ....... 9 1 1 1,198,671 636, 957 380,862 62,601 21,377 13,779 16,380 640 108,933 730, 476 444, 186 840, 653 191,027 131,149 32,853 324, 812 3,456 331,848 4,446,786 1,464,387 8. Chemicals and allied products 9. Clay, glass, and atone products. . . 10. Metals and metal products, other 16 30 28 6,374,089 1,098,596 213,064 77,034 497,410 990 1,310,108 2,403,697 605,616 . 426)744 11. Tobacco 12. Vehicles lor land transportation. . 13. Shipbuilding 26 11 3 44 98,318 877,070 9,244 67 57,713 60 6 912, 369 riiOKIDA. The state ' 1,413 1 832,971,982 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 3. Iron and steel and their products. 4. Lumber and its remanuiactures. . 5. Leather and its finished products. 6. Paper and printing 7. Liquors and beverages 8. Chemicals and allied products 9. Clay, glass, and stone products... 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 11. Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transportation. 13. Shipbuilding 14. Miscellaneous industries 2 120 5 19 257 166 45 447 33 209 38 14 755, 404 34, 210 496, 568 13,216,916 1,413,734 427, 894 5, 986, 389 629, .526 66, 448 7,391,463 693, 962 548,659 1,411,810 3,.125 173 13 1,224 41 746 68 12 76 $2,669,726 42,091 816,767,182 42,674 2,100 37,099 734,272 172, 891 16,960 716,941 39, 120 7,276 766,364 66, 838 16,780 63, 621 643 120 16,071 663 110 9,658 1,342 348 388 271,267 48, 576 3,881.976 191,215 58, 771 5, 677. 426 676; 074 159, 803 178, 719 39, 656 2,098 337 304 138 54 19 6 12 296 1 11,821 141 98 431 83 29 117 3 16,946 18 .107 656 7 108 2 7,939 1,700 19 1,338 1 3 348 373 11 4 85,607,862 106, 775 3,373 26, 079 1, 798, 031 139,218 48,088 891,679 39,042 7,284 2,367,010 40, 677 46, 704 100, 102 816, 632, 439 952,943 27, 185 231, 703 4,253,427 269,931 126, 887 2, 733, 551 188,800 73, 631 6,696,730 692, 563 146, 185 239,903 850,298,290 1, 579, 865 63, 416 647, 488 1,3,639.934 1, 139, 103 379, 528 12,716,885 572, 796 217,222 16, 766, 476 1,649,289 414,961 821,339 GEORGIA. The statel 3,219 8135, 211, 561 6,104 86,927,521 92, 749 827, 392, 442 72,814 12,640 7,295 812,206,634 S83, 624, 604 8151,040,455 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 264 163 103 1,024 62 369 141 674 157 21 38 105 3,643,797 47,067,414 7,218,166 18,090,303 3, 516, 920 4,729,440 , 2,191,779 '32, 676, 583 6,861,463 1,341,464 397,098 3,882,147 308 797 372 1,189 83 587 119 1,633 347 31 28 329 263,268 977,817 425.075 1,198,234 85, 417 529, 824 124,477 1, 327, 290 336, 641 43, 953 15, 823 343,854 2,221 28, 725 3,963 22,242 1,680 2,538 723 17, 126 4,669 492 258 6,142 556, 425 6,292,703 1,694,449 7,085,325 522,973 1,081,024 258.366 4, 644; 611 1,689,539 186, 445 81,997 2,903,936 1,337 12,061 3,925 21,649 1,437 1,893 671 16,999 4,498 455 86 6,107 605 10,660 2 131 153 637 24 88 31 160 15 279 6,004 36 462 90 108 28 38 171 6 12 20 415,867 2. 780. 633 670, 198 2,832.089 146; 660 709, 468 529, 516 2. 882. 634 626, 117 51, 198 61, 594 228, 212 9,636,939 28,718,169 3,239,425 8,266,774 3,542,724 1,817,094 747,229 20,074.399 1, 390, 796 426, 674 125, 207 3,627,398 11, 899, 203 42,296,733 7,237,214 25,160,253 4,823,722 6,334,026 3. Iron and steel and their produots. 4. Lumber and its remanufactures. . 5. Leather and its finished products. 6. Paper and printing 8. Chemicals and allied products 9. Clay, glass, and stone products... 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel . . , 34,210,073 6,020,286 776 937 11. Tobacco 299,280 7,684,726 12. Vehicles for land transportation.. 13. Shipbuilding 108 3,704,978 281 255,848 1,971 614,649 1,696 234 41 372, 448 2,011,687 4,029,318 IDAHO. The state . 364 89, 689, 445 359 8379,311 3,061 82,059,391 2,931 90 40 81,111,699 84,068,623 $8,768,743 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 76 5 8 107 4,318,111 15, 636 99,613 3, 616, 426 127 4 8 98 113,073 2,280 11, .380 120, 365 304 23 68 1,449 218, 439 8,801 44,081 876,932 281 4 58 1,441 17 19 6 144,864 1,813 7,924 732, 741 2,221,653 9,786 38,889 906,383 ,3,013,688 24,706 114 823 3. Iron and steel and their products. 4. Lumber and its remanufactures . . 5. Leather and its finished products. 6 2 3,142,423 93 20 491,072 482, 616 44 8 43,573 11,326 262 72 179, 406 60, 499 200 64 43 1 19 7 75,306 106, 896 108,843 83,660 553,256 .332,347 8. Chemicals and allied products 9. Clay, glass, and stone products. . . 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 22 3 17 8 3 4 127, 177 278,300 35,986 183, 141 17,200 124, 170 10 9 3 40 6,300 18,600 1.320 45,900 86 42 42 713 5 6 61,603 43,154 29,736 539,313 4,133 4,294 85 42 34 713 6 4 1 10,929 10,927 11,816 2,676 144 5,674 33, 515 282,867 42,632 325, 781 8,871 6,853 142,155 389,071 104,471 913, 670 19,015 19, 219 4 4 12. Vehicles for land transportation. . 14. Miscellaneous industries ' 8 6,306 1 1 Includes establishments as follows: Miscellaneous industries, 43, group 14; leather and its finished produots 1 group 5 'Includes establishments as follows: Miscellaneous Industries, 68, group 14; leather and its finished products' 2 group 6' 3 Includes establishments as follows: Miscellaneous industries, 106, group 14; shipbuilding, 2, group 13. ' '° ^ ■ < Includes establishments as follows: Miscellaneous industries, 2, group 14; chemicals and allied products 2 group 8 GENERAL TABLES. 483 Table 7.— STATES AND TERRITORIES, BY GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 190.5— Continued. ILLINOIS. Num- ber ol GROUP. estab- lish- ments. Capital. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Num- ber. Salaries. Thestate |14.921 i §975,844,790 !54,521 SG0,559,678 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 3. Iron and steel and their products 4. Lumber and its remanufactures. , 5. Leather and its finished products. Paper and printing Liquors and beverages Chemicals and allied products Clay, glass, and stone products.. . Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 2,656 1.178 1,240 1,174 24S 2,661 353 632 806 11. Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transportation. 13. Shipbuilding. . . . ; 14. Miscellaneous industries 1.S25 479 22 1,073 149,8.^)5.373 43.026.970 178,942,578 9,367 4,902 9,146 9, 401 , 261 3, 256 20,040,547 61,234,653 69,934,625 139,731,440 35,524,334 60,366,086 9,' 102, 432 43,484,338 2,337,877 132,862,296 799 8,802 1,024 4,522 1,353 1,932 371 2,386 103 6,558 10,172,798 5,076,172 11,130,484 3,606,390 878, 235 8,830,531 1,827,221 5,267,829 1,660,149 2,431,020 315,177 2,481,637 56,101 6,835,934 WA(iE-EARNEK.S AND "WAGES. Total. Aver- age num- ber. A\'('nigc number. Wages. '379,436 8208,405,468 Men 16 yciirs and 314,091 49.204 25,436,322 40,376 18, 169,835 !99 ! 43,449,817 39, 497 14,511 70, 754 35,621 '■ 18,170,918 ■' 34,121 9,995 4,7.50,261 7,362 29, 643 6,075 11,931 18,293 19,600 7,471 35,606 518 42,905 17,232,438 : 20,984 4,270.696 : 5,971 6,363,338 I' 9,254 10,771,642 ! 17,568 10,913,685 3,738,328 22, 254, 769 295, 654 22, 587, 865 Women 16 years' and over. 1 15,839 5,326 36, 410 517 36,978 9,233 24,803 1,266 1,043 2,411 7,869 75 2, 552 225 3,495 1,878 176 1 5,373 Chil- dren under 16 years. 60,399 : 4,946 474 1,062 279 457 222 790 29 125 500 268 20 Miscella- neous expenses. Cost of materials used. S172, 185, 567 20, 652, 794 13,055,409 17,894,333 6,426,413 1,696,769 14,908,127 57,953,874 14,621,324 3,382,058 3, 702, 161 3, 648, 671 2,636,667 82, 288 11,526,689 $840,067,316 31,410,342,129 386,396,937 55, 679, 806 116,867,348 37,349,262 18,643,968 22,369,284 19,015,665 39,016,281 8,697,518 41,233,605 5,994,798 40, 367, 494 347, 032 48,078,319 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom worii and re- pairing. 65,418,907 16,061,837 70, 804, 161 887,919 103,567,977 INDIAN TERR] [TORY. The territory 466 $5,016,654 278 1251,378 2,257 SI, 144, 078 2,149 69 39! S492,539 $4,848,646 $7,909,461 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 79 960,974 43 42, 206 212 108,786 208 4 1 86,636 2,304,890 2,844,939 3. Iron and steel and their products. 4. Lumber and its remanufactures . . 5. Leather and its finished products. 10 53 12 163 40 17 39 6 8 6 66, 136 332,136 64,696 476,952 143, 983 1,505,199 565, 615 43,280 6,905 97,060 3 19 2,780 15,882 45 414 36 352 73 292 319 23 281 31,558 213,816 24, 781 175, 747 27,856 103,624 152,389 17,555 2,958 185,823 44 412 36 286 65 292 305 23 5 281 1 2 4,321 99,784 9,601 62,466 24,491 101,964 50,173 5,529 2,065 315 24,128 363, 863 80, 448 121,637 58, 701 1,198,764 146,996 44, 012 5.487 324,263 85, 278 879,488 155, 296 61 9 56 33 47,353 5,640 58,987 32,662 50 ! 16 ■ 8 607, 782 184, 605 8. Chemicals and allied products , 9. Clay, glass, and stone products...' 10. Metals and metal products, other 1,567,174 4 10 463, 303 84,491 2 14,376 12. Vehicles for land transportation.. 13 Shipbuilding 22 22, 430 534, 631 14 Miscellaneous industries ^ . 34 754,820 32 23, 438 203 99, 285 192 7 1 4 45,194 176, 457 488,089 1 INDIANA. Thestate 7,044 | $312,071,234 14,862 815,028,789 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 3. Iron and steel and their products. 4. Lumber and its remanufactures. . 5. Leather and its finished products. 6. Paper and printing 7. Liquors and beverages 8. Chemicals and allied products 9. Clay, glass, and stone products.. . 10. Metals and metal products, other ■than iron and steel 11. Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transportation.. 13. Shipbuilding 14. Miscellaneous industries 1,483 153 458 1.368 113 935 148 260 763 133 652 318 10 360 29, 378, 088 11,303,019 67,683,261 35,641,758 3,274,386 1,430 723 2,473 1,933 156 1,206,196 706, 340 2,688,982 1,917,664 149,513 17, 018, 991 1 11,341,772 364 37,824,040 ' 1,044 29,650,629 I 1,055 95 1,491,242 547, 994 1,183,729 1,204,595 6,944,827 1,486,066 37, 931, 207 254, 471 33,538,720 294 124 1,833 17 1,621 382,913 96,144 1,761,765 17,864 1,673,848 154,174 872,058,099 12, 203 11,192 24,663 25, 454 1,712 8,375 1,852 5,161 21,265 2,163 25,002 302 12,192 4, 774, 738 3,147,605 12, 738, 644 10,709,307 675, 130 3,934,849 1,080,886 2,916,966 10,909,893 1,037,272 1,040,047 13, 366, 473 124,263 5.613,037 131,561 19,230 9,063 2.509 24,073 23.945 1,297 6,099 1,782 4,369 19,612 1,869 1,485 24, 580 302 10,666 370 2,110 24 766 794 233 1,000 279 278 566 L?2 521 45 166 46 17 959 183 143 236 $46,682,513 3, 008, 175 1,384,869 4, 160. 767 3.575,246 275, 323 2,341,737 19, 504, 545 3,299,619 1,779,068 427,309 637, 529 2,206,674 41,416 4,040,237 8220,507,007 68,546,957 10,314,573 31,216,998 22,754,588 2,554,797 $393,954,405 6,583,581 4,981,521 21,776,311 9,367,907 2,137,040 1,580,981 25,764,039 218,965 12,708,749 16,963,828 27, 263, 405 34,633,337 27,200,746 4, 446, 465 3,904,621 45, 848, 471 477, 726 27,274,101 IOAV.\. 11. 12. 13. 14. The state 4, 785 Food and kindred products 1 1, 469 Textiles ! 98 Iron and steel and their products. 265 Lumber and its remanufactures . . j 255 I.eather and its finished products . ! 47 i 1,130. .5111,427,429 | 7,122 Paper and printing Liquors and beverages Chemicals and allied products Clay, glass, and stone products.. . Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel Tobacco Vehicles for land transportation.. Shipbuilding — -• Miscellaneous industries 152 390 52 444 157 9 219 27, 897, 602 3,213,554 7,930,567 17,210,662 1,794,808 7. 796, 900 3,947,719 11,973,956 7,173,347 6, 205, 183 1,698,764 8, 164, 672 169, 697 6,360,098 1,891 309 616 669 165 1,116 136 499 252 97 156 625 19 572 S5, 948, 377 1,162,190 202, 392 578,418 707, 606 143,932 945, 668 190, 348 452,066 219, 201 117,206 126,511 594,714 12,836 495, 290 49,481 .?22,997,053 9,964 2,361 3,767 6,851 1,163 4.587 624 1,454 3,440 1,049 2,072 7,973 109 4,067 4, 153, 405 718, 732 1,966,375 3,144,073 486, 354 2.141,784 371,263 712,319 1,683,083 4,85,553 847, 148 4, 643, 083 57,520 1,586,361 41,082 7,806 615 3,649 6,398 783 7,314 1,086 ;: 312. 1.52.: 3,1.87 600 1,236 3,393 924 1,275 7.948 109 3,159 1,801 1,716 88 226 349 1,226 16 215 4 120 699 22 357 30 30 227 31 2,564,014 378, 065 813,852 1,969,078 314,489 1,138,234 928, 789 1,394,42* 473,867 160, 137 699,514 617, 276 24,428 786, 723 3102,843,892 66, 432, 498 2, 292, 550 3,420,990 8,972,561 1,681,237 2,216,673 1,033,749 3,919,616 1,358,341 1, 782, 750 1,279,724 6,361,404 62,966 3,029,943 3160,572,313 79, 696, 294 4,031,180 8,013,260 16,376,950 2,910,421 8,931,555 3,178,661 7,676,967 4, 977, 409 2. 893, 719 3,369,024 11,649,934 170,589 6,707,380 ■Includes establishments as follows: Miscellaneous industries, 33, group 14; textiles, 1, group 2. 484 MANUFACTURES. Table 7.— STATES AND TERKITOKIES, BY GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. KAN.SA.S. Num- ber of estal)- i'ish- ments. Capital. SALARIED WAGE-EARNERS AND ^ WAGES. age nuir Miscella- neous expenses. Cost ol materials used. CLERKS, ETC. Total. ,\vei ber. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and re- pairing. GROUP. Num- ber. Salaries. Aver- age num- ber. Wages. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Chil- dren under 16 years. The .state 2, 475 »8, 680, 117 3,721 83,692,491 35.. 570 S18,883,071 32,138 2,703 729 $8,870,460 $1.56,609,949 .5198.244,992 1 . Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 3. Iron and steel and their products. 4. Lumber and its renianufac'ures. . 5. Leather and its finished products. 6. Paper and printing 777 41 102 74 23 732 74 86 143 46 174 67 42, 922, 167 625. 140 3.509,271 2.002,462 619,444 3,878,486 636, 179 6.913,278 8,938,947 11,973.4,65 518,637 3,554.206 1,692 46 195 126 37 4.55 25 233 284 178 23 272 1,683,918 .33.677 207,920 134,864 31,201 359,496 16,. 670 249.948 302,553 2,80. 168 17,066 243,082 12. 723 577 1,838 1,354 238 2,675 177 6,503,635 186, 293 1,058,6,62 634.216 122, 277 1,190,325 76 919 11,353 195 1.826 1.246 2'>5 1,845 151 1,361 3.684 2,7.54 364 993 380 3 34 13 747 12 128 46 9 188 1 377 2 A 83 14 13 65 1 42 8 6. 230. 266 80,036 390, 104 202,038 55,892 543, .337 71,986 7.63,8.53 589.843 4.59, 497 139,530 135,415 127,278,695 528, 751 1,831.360 1,729.6.60 396,883 1,189,046 136,953 3,942,057 1.526.044 9,344,734 341 , 739 7,413,9.35 146,7,60,702 924.287 4,036,070 3,064,928 7,32,653 4,652,629 436,412 S. Chemicals and allied products 9. Clay, glass, and stone products.. . 10. Metals and metal products, otlier ],.602 ! 733,893 3.796 , 1,966,933 2.764 1,711,211 694 238,110 : 6,280,4.58 6,376.265 12, 180. 756 912.041 12. Vehicles for land transportation. . 13. ShipbuildiB'T 6,476 4.074.542 ,' 6,466 ■11,9,66.666 136 2,688,4,65 165 133,128 868 .386.065 668 149 41 , 218,663 850, 102 2.041.125 KEXTrCKX. The state 1. Food and kindred nroducts 2. Textiles " 3. Iron and steel and their products 4. Lumber and its remannlaclurcs. 5. Leather and its linished products 6. Paper and printing 7. Liquors and beverages 8. Chemifcals and allied products. . . 9. Clay, glass, and .stone products. . 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 11. Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transportation. 13. Shipbuildin.E; 14. Miscellaneous industries 3.734 I 8147.2,82,478 704 208 120 1,0S9 407 258 93 170 68 238 1,69 9 148 12,019,722 10,540,916 11,361,792 20,578,321 6,312,596 6,385,176 26,270,740 12,283,646 4,151,266 929, 029 22,681,1.67 7.915.006 72, 830 7,770,381 621 459 468 970 214 713 .587 390 203 100 207 465 7 359 35,871,247 649,376 466.297 512, 201 963,834 214,. 387 652, 779 648, 336 402, 829 198,442 93, 080 371,323 444, 610 6.580 357. 193 9,794 ,S24, 438,684 3.929 I 7,187 5.774 15.632 \ 2.087 ; 2,811 ; 2.334 t 1,248 I 3,153 I 779 3.f«;9 7.530 I 115 I 3.246 1,451.726 2,017,861 2,965,079 6,089,246 848, 122 1,411,434 1,091,297 478,084 1,193,607 316,629 1,226,886 3,735,1129 71,394 1,544,401 2.951 1.939 6.877 15. 20(i 1.1194 2,171 2.196 i;i21 3, 029 661 2.393 7. 359 115 8,323 1.963 852 126 4,734 514 38 59 112 314 294 99 486 1.64 98 40 114 ■ 13 68 56 78 40 1,216 36a 90 81 143 107 820,630,8.62 1,356.418 1.182,306 849, 415 2. 459, .348 638,8.58 814,858 6,. 364, 269 1,288.317 350.921 80, 796 4.945.247 538. 409 5. 487 666.204 .586, 545, 464 23. 588, 348 6, 649, 769 7. 401 , 777 12,352.366 6,108.770 1,252.923 6,015.393 6. 40! , 780 1.., 213, 747 646,424 5,914,476 5.959.623 47.657 I 3,994,421 8159. 753. Wis 30.099,784 11,501,093 12.958.659 26,653,088 . 7,685.224 5,215.512 15, .500. .324 10,563,900 3,640,838 1,423,659 14.913,049 11.. 586, 238 1.50,996 7,861.624 LOUISIANA. Tliest.ate : 2.091 $160,810,608 Food find kindred products 606 Textiles 75 Iron and steel and their produc is. 79 Lumber and its remanui^ctures . . 666 Leather and its finished products.! 20 Paper and printing 251 Liquors and beverages , 62 Chemicals and allied products 117 Clay, glass, and stone products. . . 79 Metals and metal products, other ^ than iron and steel ' 34 11. Tobacco - 12. Vehicles for land transportation.. 13. Shipbuilding . 14. Miscellaneous industries i 84,655,968 4,741.359 4.121,093 41.901,175 867, 723 2.221,881 4, 103., 397 15,275,0,34 1.629,477 401,733 76.362.231 6.275.824 1,294.151 12, 279. ,583 983,710 S18. 109 1.184,995 13,465,064 382, 365 415.219 S1S6.379..592 95,, 862,974 8.208,941 3.323.,s.i3 41,591.778 1,623.-190 3, 3.58.. 644 3. 943., 853 17,309.847 1,329.901 901,201 58 20 124 1,737.. 3.56 1411,087 9,008,366 8S.6.50 11.319 1.031.611 1.2S2.,S38 131.498 2.181,920 M.ilXE. The state , 3, 145 1 . Food and kindred products 646 2. Textiles 185 3. Iron and steel and their products. 133 4. Lumber and its rema.Yuiiactures.. 1,032 5. Leather and its flnislied products. 100 6. Paper and printing 289 7. liquors and beverages 32 8. Chemicals and allied prorUicts 131 9. Clay, glass, a,nd stone products . . . 141 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 24 11. Tobiicco 12. Vehicles lor land trans{)<)rr;i 13. Shipbuilding 14. Miscellnneons indnsiries. ... 84 139 72 8143,707,760 3,772 ,83.9,88.797 74, 968 832,891,7.59 .56.682 18^825 6,4.55.129 42,2,S9.571 8.309.117 20,850,515 6,318,265 537 611 222 717 407 .373,071 883.4.16 268. 832 658,262 418,036 4,711 24,270 3,412 16,973 6.. 544 1.8.58.951 8,571.738 1,729,898 7.135,081 2,951,773 2,840 12,151 3,374 15,636 4,638 1,.520 11.187 36 294 1,882 45,530,675 350,, 588 3, .658. 671 5, ,831.696 715 23 141 1,50 935,928 19,597 99,229 166,896 10, 240 101 642 3,8.38 5.172,441 .53,492 276.. 504 2,119.115 8,567 98 3,,S28 1 . 606 1 123 6 518,712 42 42,427 302 160,380 256 37 136.875 1.947.080 1., SSI, 108 1.729.948 8 62 64 83 5.276 49,511 101.727 66, .690 244 1.616 2,297 788 122.810 N7S.993 1,313,945 349,660 189 1.614 2.295 1171 55 2 95 3.101,605 445.201 5.478.314 1.471 $12,486,187 $80,042,090 $144,020,197 351 932 3 43 44 7.58.649 2,778.020 495,138 3.069.834 (136, 512 10,755,754 22, 0.59, 415 2.216,960 10, 272, 494 10, .503, 629 15.627.513 37,064.835 5,541,393 24,514,179 15,330,031 8 3.424.936 21.722 439.721 325,,Sil7 18,614.112 177.765 1.235..S97 1.261.275 28.979,902 350,658 2.464.722 4.621,043 9 83.504 531,499 816,154 :;:::.: Si' 0.56 222.845 1119,, SOS 181,. 524 1,205.4.54 2.428..615 597.917 449, .563 2. ,637. 789 4.427,3.81 1,205,036 ■ I, ■eludes establishments as follows: Miscellaneous industries, 99. group 14; tobaeci), 25. group 11. GENERAL TABLES. 485 Table 7.— STATES AND TERRITORIES, BY GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 190.5— (\,ii(nui,d. MARYLAND. The state 1. Food and kindred product-^ 2. Textdes 3. Iron and steel and their products 4. Lumber and its remanufactures, 5. Leather and its finished products G. Paper and printmg. . . .- 7. Liquors and beverages 8. Chemicals and allied products 9. Clay, glass, and stone products... 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel Num- ber of estalv' lish- ments. 11. Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land trajisportation. 13. .Shipbuildmg 14. Miscellaneous industries ^ ,21S l,-.6 434 66 i 7U 174 1,57 S.iLARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Capltill. Num- ber. 5201,877,966 ' 8,624 ,58,843,906 15,12:1,161 , 26,602,612 ; 18,0311,399 !l 9,n.-)0,659 II 3, 222,, 594 1,046 1,712 692 569 163 831,783 1, 500, 251 716,713 550,578 140,201 12,824,8.58 1,128 i 1,068,495 lU,4!i4,6(iU 37,574,' 20,013,717 269 976 447, 804 1,099,882 WAGE-EAKNERS AND WAGES. age num- ber. Wages. 94,174 836,144,244 13, 308 24, 124 7,364 8,601 1,649 4,909 1,265 3,955 4,696 4,977 3,484,549 6, 897, 322 4,171,724 3,459,125 628,991 2,243,235 872,638 1,5! II 1, 672 2,137,201 2, 086, 509 Average number. Men If) years and over. 63, 492 6,534 8,074 7,164 8,045 1,298 3,798 1,258 3,112 4,342 4,139 16 years and over. Chil- dren under 16 years. 25,149 : 5,533 6,488 13, 620 83 176 307 919 3 810 149 1,286 2,430 117 380 44 192 4 33 205 416 iMiseella- neous expen,ses. 821,904,7,52 Cost of materials used. .51.50,024,066 1,663,164 4, 392, 768 1, 824, 706 1,1,34,818 221,382 1,303,233 2, 302, 387 3,365,292 419,814 643,361 27,471,570 25,263,802 14,888,217 7,, 534, 560 2,, 583, 249 4,800,463 2,953,061 14,893,077 1,723,931 30, 72(1, 787 Value of products, in- eluding cus- tom work and re- pairing. 37,063,850 41,800,879 24, 136, 203 14,4,57,111 4,028,241 10,947,016 7,974,072 23,988,721 5, 597; 484 36,368,604 144 35 546 5,324,583 4,225,620 29,359,044 367 140 827 317, 196 173, 076 936, 120 7,002 2,772 9,562 3, 649, 594 1,340,492 3, 582, 202 6,967 I 12 2,753 L, 6,008 3,160 23 19 384 241,471 245,228 4, 147, 128 4,959,133 1,784,861 10,447,3,55 9,405,756 4,541,165 23, 066, 895 MASSACHUSETTS. The state 10,723 I S965,948,887 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 3. Iron and steel and their products, 4. Lumber and its remanufactures. . 5. Leather and its finished products. Paper and printing Liquors and beverages Chemicals and allied products Clay, glass, and stone products. . . Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 11. Tobjicco 12. Vehicles for land transportation. . 13. Shipbuilding 14. Miscellaneous industries^ 32,824 1, 744 1,112 1.099 1,063 1,117 1,437 165 495 402 484 349 368 40,913,777 368, 370, 021 126, 277, 846 33,722,843 89,397,654 80,611,209 6,093 25,861,980 435 .56,528,477 1,600 15,313,110 618 30,962,561 2, 372, 692 14,736,650 .539,654,624 2,451 6,352 4,750 1,226 4,598 81,880,167 1,364 168 572 2, 189, 257 8, 074, 190 6, 297, 934 1, 328, 169 4, 603, 226 6,974,801 758, 668 2,006,241 688,477 1,753,166 202, 611 569, 799 488,399 S232,388,946 16,639 I 7,831,583 183,238 I 70,587,609 67,142 I 32,630,404 19,207 9,843,136 80,795 41,441,593 326, 586 36,034 2,034 7,242 9,319 16,816 3,586 10, 366 18, 148, 755 1,627,873 3, 866, 676 5,332,044 9,085,625 2,337,480 6, 382, 239 4,208, 186 1; 46,981 23,273,929 11,355 90,652 54,310 17,716 56, 222 21,636 2,017 6,020 2,530 10, 243 147,044 1 14, 769 4,833 82,510 2,234 1,274 23, 203 12, 708 12 1,171 5,022 1,033 95 451 10,076 598 217 1,370 690 5 51 51 3, 840, 185 6,634,615 22,604,940 10,111,376 2, 996, 203 11,541,268 12,666,960 5,262,949 7,657,924 1,491,021 2,741,329 923,402 975, 715 8626,410,431 $1,124,092,051 79,849,484 203, 757, 198 43,051,644 19,479,0.59 135, 894, 069 36, 706, 368 4,316,236 20,083,617 3,619,926 12,746,466 2,511,388 9, 216, 103 104,265,845 333, 304, 585 106,578,484 38, 790, 575 210, 930, 541 86, 368, 096 14, 173, 925 38,950,938 . 13,260,716 31, 556, 297 6, 643, 308 18, 405, 422 120,863,319 MICI-IIGAX. The state 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 3. Iron and steel and their products 4. Lumber and its remanufactures. 5. Leather and its finished products 6. Paper and printing 7. Liquors and beverages 8. Chemicals and allied products. . . 9. Clay, glass, and stone products.. 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 11. Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transportation. 13. Shipbuilding 14. Miscellaneous industries 7,446 1,7^3 217 566 1,488 103 1,023 177 277 331 . 167 706 .308 57 5337, 894, 102 34,222,711 11,140,908 38, 706, 287 74, 253, 813 9,677,089 19,628,061 10,410,990 55, 366, 200 16,310,346 10, 325, 239 4,146,815 27, 469, 931 3,911,547 22,324,165 17,235 517,470,433 1,677 970 2,625 3,004 358 1,976 310 2,301 426 536 405 1,241 150 1,256 1, 444j 952 892,267 2,820,854 3, .325, 147 408,013 1,811,811 436,034 2, 260, 056 432, 892 175,229 581,278,837 10,461 11,688 24, 765 55, 963 4,129 10,688 1,622 10, 072 4,426 650,398 6,110 376,016 1,237,761 134,992 1,260,240 1 6,428 18, 500 1,998 8,589 4,416,736 3,629,088 12,965,852 25,362,078 1,855,730 4,880,346 1,007,772 4, 753, 960 2,340,650 2,947,152 2,467,116 9,688,091 1,068,253 3,996,014 147,676 24,270 7,534 2,449 24,043 53,416 3,206 2,764 9,017 395 1,578 696 7,511 1,469 8,293 4,353 2,826 43 1,720 36 5,624 305 2,660 18, 2.56 1,970 7,002 3,310 179 4 1,397 163 222 327 959 227 251 10 69 37 468 65 24 190 546,012,191 ! 52.30,080,931 4,988,719 2,137,033 4, 838, 170 9,390,831 929, 929 2,616,498 3,619,137 5,170,803 964, 924 1,607,800 2,845,168 3,394,360 308,843 3,199,976 50, 453, 649 9, 902, 792 24,040,187 38, 562, 828 10, 415, 068 9,389,573 2, 372, 685 16,, 395, 971 2,937,202 26, 200, 212 4,847,486 24, 802, 704 1,079,064 8,681,610 5429,120,060 67,495,082 18,917,501 51,207,629 89,012,348 14, 671, 399 22, 238, 460 9, 150, 843 36,039,464 8,181,684 34, 395, 205 11,863,969 43,488,614 2, 972, 866 19, 485, 007 MINXJESOTA. The state 1. Food and kindred products 2 Textiles ...... 3. Iron and' steel and their products 4. Lumber and its remanufactures . 5. Leather and its finished products 6. Paper and printing 7. Liquors and beverages 8. Chemicals and allied products. . . 9. Clay, glass, and stone products.. 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 11. Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transportation. 13. Shipbuilding 14. Miscellaneous industries 4,7,56 1,547 122 217 463 62 959 171 149 212 362 186 28 186 S184, 903, 271 48,111,994 6, 065, 716 10, 087, 646 39, 764, 530 4,487,930 11,176,668 15,468,224 17, 966, 230 4,441,227 2,405,252 1,468,659 9, 804, 266 319, 370 13, 335, 561 9,141 1,965 331 670 1,343 352 1,917 325 633 167 143 115 604 16 660 59,032,840 1,891,743 365, 441 668, 876 1,564,521 347, 922 1, 562, 224 464, 435 519, 240 155, 743 145, 513 119,626 483, 960 14, 670 738, 936 69, 636 9,840 4,179 4,247 23, 341 2,446 5,665 1,295 1,531 2,813 1,207 1,780 7,178 224 3,890 $35,843,145 5, 319, 980 1, 408, 610 2, 582, 717 11,697,174 1,083,017 3, 184, 568 812,934 734, 246 1, 542, 825 624, 671 837, 453 4,031,570 132, 957 1,850,633 60,886 8,496 1,060 4,216 23,111 1,708 4,306 1,263 1,298 2,791 1,122 1,297 7,148 224 2,856 8,430 1,287 3,068 29 185 726 1,273 30 233 3 ,82 459 26 $24, 493, 840 6,497,237 494, 531 836, 867 7, 379, 262 542, 815 2,195,416 2,457,135 1,592,194 299, 316 187, 496 602, 620 206,944 16, 668 1,185,440 $210,553,949 143,161,417 7,454,247 4, 838, 893 20,680,395 4,031,582 3,914,105 2,818,441 9,151,029 1,310,845 1,086,468 1,098,322 5,039,488 101,658 5,868,069 $307,858,073 1 Includes establishments as follows: Miscellaneous industries, 201, group 14; tobacco, 346, group II, 2 Includes establishments as follows: Miscellaneous industries, 763, group 14; shipbuilding, 126, group 13. 166, 120, 192 10, 834, 247 10,407,632 47, 894, 699 6,452,310 13,876,047 7,958,639 14,005,108 4,284,221 2,438,990 3,205,364 10, 167, 139 342, 113 10,8-1,482 486 MANUFACTURES. Table 7.— STATES AND TERRITORIES, BY GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. MIS.SISSIPPI. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Capital. SALARIED WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Miscella- neous expenses. Cost of materials used. CLERKS, ETC. Total. Average number. ■ Value of products. In- cluding cus- tom work and re- pairing. GKOUP. Num- ber. Salaries. Aver- age num- ber. Wages. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. ChU- dren under 16 years. The state . 1,620 S50,256,309 2,688 112,598,346 38,690 314,819,034 36,364 2,064 1,272 $5,866,767 $25,800,886 $57,451,445 1. Food and Mndred products 88 28 37 684 9 211 36 234 88 3 4 39 13 47 1,369,479 6,664,636 1,028,016 25,399,926 67,825 732,560 263,992 10,680,147 958,291 5,150 6,175 1,810,373 39,750 1,430,089 95 138 66 1,251 4 70 35 730 74 56,151 136,776 78,300 1,331,482 3,240 53,399 26,162 650,699 52,315 1,062 3,326 698 22,902 36 649 124 6,664 996 5 6 2,971 126 428 292,169 800,117 311,837 9,398,992 16,530 253,611 46,296 1,682,093 315,133 2,340 2,648 1,652,379 86,069 160,831 501 1,134 596 22,660 31 425 109 5,550 922 5 4 2,963 124 360 367 1,493 59' 3 67 4 7 194 699 2 193 1 57 11 7 73 141,993 437,282 78,673 3,815,911 3,826 79,503 23,771 1,059,743 53,238 523 1,369 57,079 4,643 98,213 1,524,369 2,693,763 387,034 7,267,896 58,776 194,823 101,084 11,408,797 253,967 1,852 3,707 1,545,212 98,875 260,740 2,403,620 4,209,605 3. Iron and steel and their products . 4. Lumber and its remanulactures . . 5. Leather and its finished products. 6. Paper and printing . 1,034,225 26,795,080 104,009 916,043 298,721 16,262,983 972,600 8,290 9,310 3,380,372 243,747 8. Chemicals and allied products 9. Clay, glass, and stone products . . . 10. Metals and metal products, other 11. Tobacco 1 135 225 139,213 2 62' 8' 1 26 12. Vehicles for land transportation . 13. Shipbuilding.. . . 90 70,484 822,940 MISSOURI. The state 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 3. Iron and steel and their products. 4. Lumber and its remanuiactures . 5. Leather and its finished products, 6. Paper and printing 7. Liquors and beverages 8. Chemicals and allied products 9. Clay, glass, and stone products. . . 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 11. Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transpoitation , 13. Shipbuilding 14. Miscellaneous industries 6,464 1,497 216 346 718 116 1,324 227 269 337 200 661 302 $379,368,827 17,119 $19,002,238 133,167 47,796,061 13,234,164 32,122,681 23,423,888 12,963,474 18,154,967 45,709,892 63,052,093 26,082,531 11,658,771 52,820,624 21,815,185 23,7.33 11,610,883 2,766 930 1,746 1,464 3,026 753 1,987 771 566 307 1,066 2 933 2,799,718 994,590 2,277,914 1,565,726 938,933 3,118,964 1,356,467 1,895,091 947,768 662,345 394,582 1,104,433 2,880 942,827 14,358 10,930 13,133 19,091 12,101 11,409 6,204 5,627 9,513 4,433 5,259 15,962 133 6,024 )6, 644, 126 106,927 22,769 4,471 6,696,349 3,855,040 7,908,-347 8,542,077 5,267,277 10,762 2,278 12,836 17,942 7,526 3,145 8,305 106 457 3,693 461 347 192 692 982 6,989,928 3,736,437 2,593,763 6,190,117 7,666 5,870 4,560 9,264 3,168 103 1,001 31 576 231 76 218 2,467,403 3,991 296 146 2,305,468 9,526,181 99, 489 3,283 16,809 133 4,027 1,615 104 361 39 2,466,260 846 151 $49,522,457 5,813,719 1,826,231 3,384,794 3,397,628 1,376,024 4,586,389 10,443,842 4,964,630 1,465,152 749,479 8,383,026 1,832,998 7,097 1,293,449 $262,258,417 107,091,932 15,486,662 13,066,402 12,266,400 18,705,898 8,062,859 7,017,835 16,890,256 4,316,395 12,814,807 11,961,832 19,521,510 44,272 5,011,357 $439,648,957 129,992,910 25,408,441 31,557,278 30,382,462 29,862,526 27,113,031 26,104,867 29,995,988 13,068,609 18,445,777 30,884,182 34,500,224 158,964 12,073,708 MONTANA. 382 $62,589,810 905 •51,506,208 8,967 $8,652,217 8,765 143 59 $4,062,081 $40,930,060 $66,415,452 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 67 1,646,471 67 84,906 282 197,125 189 84 9 173,099 2,459,590 3,422,911 3. Iron and steel and their products. 4. Lumber and its remanuiactures.. U 49 8 94 39 8 30 700,771 4,880,554 73,334 1,030,485 2,433,610 311,894 521,156 41 145 61,200 198,127 354 2,226 28 487 276 37 189 327,797 1,617,511 26,532 546,563 308,607 27,749 156,183 363 2,224 28 431 275 34 186 2 i 47,362 620,423 5,869 222,520 647,464 46,546 33,793 377,841 463,128 55,932 309,332 577,319 75,628 96,667 896,948 3,142,493 112,663 1,497,475 1,938,385 193,286 378,482 129 66 11 13 191,770 144,029 12,613 21,300 46 i' 1 11 1 2 2 7 Liquors and beverages . 8. Chemicals and allied products 9. Clay, glass, and stone products... 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 44 16 71,124 1,115,366 1 82 1,200 104,166 96 i,062 66,017 819,368 86 1,061 1 8 1 40,335 10,198 105,032 707,646 271,281 1,679,538 12. Vehicles for land transportation . 13. Shipbuilding 16 39,805,045 350 686,898 3,921 4,669,775 3,888 9 24 2,404,473 35,702,145 52,881,990 NEBEASKA. 1,819 $80,235,310 3,192 $3,074,911 20,260 $11,022,149 17,321 2,642 397 $8,490,360 $124,051,628 $154,918,220 1. Food and kindred products 2 Textiles 456 30 58 47 24 640 56 60 144 25 168 51 33,883,296 1,121,341 1,026,099 727,171 1,052,907 3,840,687 3,067,950 8,284,444 1,870,567 17,030,627 370,477 6,283,286 1,373 60 72 68 95 608 83 188 08 33 16 397 1,401,368 56,756 76,048 60,595 84,618 606,950 164,950 177,718 55,350 59,006 15,216 203,542 8,046 1,069 580 641 367 2,279 391 643 1,119 495 617 3,461 4,336,092 .339,709 320,806 363,303 194,549 1,171,436 260,679 289,509 613,995 336,588 237,843 2,221,819 7,136 147 569 628 319 1,596 376 549 1,095 489 367 3,459 684 896 7 8 44 626 2 94 2 3 110 226 16 4 5 4 58 13 '"'"22" 3 40 2 3,063,829 134,804 92,993 70,486 130,674 904,380 2,786,151 638,646 92,727 46,919 134,536 208,793 77,321,860 2,258,578 569,480 661,820 701,768 1,406,969 845,784 1,824,310 604,883 34,641,528 339,963 2,069,952 90,272,059 3. Iron and steel and their products. 4. Lumber and its remanuiactures. . 5. Leather and its finished products. 1,323,255 1,318,743 1,248,173 7. Liquors and beverages 8. Chemicals and allied products 9. Clay, glass, and stone products. .. 10. Metals and metal products, other 3,118,493 1,682,082 12. Vehicles for land transportation . 13. Shipbuilding 4,772,836 71 i,676,468 151 123,894 663 335,921 691 67 5 196,423 904,733 1,781,380 'Includes establishments as follows: Miscellaneous industries; 5, group 14; metals and metal products, other than iron and steel, 9, group 10; textiles, 2, group 2. GENERAL TABLES. 487 Table 7.— STATES AND TERRITORIES, BY GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. KBVADA. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Capital. SALARIED WAGE-EARNEKS AND WAGES. Miscella- neous expenses. Cost of materials used. CLERKS, ETC. Total. Average number. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and re- pairing. Num- ber. Salaries. Aver- num- ber. Wages. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Chil- dren under 16 years. The state 115 $2,891,997 106 $126,156 802 $693,407 790 8 4 $184,900 $1,627,776 $3,096,274 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 25 616,081 20 26,940 88 77,273 84 4 60,236 904,082 1,180,041 3. Iron and steel and their products. 4. Lumber and its remanufactures . . 5 4 31 10 9 9 1,072,426 46,650 174,887 228,293 181,830 144,605 15> 21,077 147 22 72 34 32 46 109,973 16,920 67,499 32,266 22,735 39,057 147 21 66 34 32 46 24,735 2,258 20,886 36,354 6,608 14,101 257,378 24,944 35,016 77,641 32,286 19,333 627,660 5. Leather and its finished products. 1 3 3 62,890 22 11 2 5 22,826 12,300 3,000 9,000 7. Liquors and tieverages 200 888 8. Cliemicals and allied products 82,907 101,703 9. Clay, glass, and stone products. . . 10. Metals and metal products, other 11. Tobacco ' 5 7 23,952 253,888 1 26 180 26,224 13 315 11,760 279,887 12 316 1 6,352 3,910 12,198 222,893 41,076 534,289 12. Vehicles lor land transportation. . 13. Shipbuilding 14. Miscellaneous industries i 4 150,385 • 6 4,610 33 36,037 33 9,460 42,005 97,873 XEW HAMPSHIRE. The state 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 3. Iron and steel and their products 4. Lumber and its remanufactures. 5. Leather and its fliushed products 6. Paper and printing 7. Liquors and beverages 8. Chemicals and allied products. . . 9. Clay, glass, and stone products . . 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 11. Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transportation. 13. Shipbuilding 14. Miscellaneous industries 1,618 8109,495,072 247 129 97 562 81 167 15 39 1,693,316 50,850,556 5,701,023 11,601,013 11,622,124 15,636,456 2,297,931 2,299,606 2,219,818 1,110,692 202,608 2,924,193 5,666 1,430,272 2,666 65 712 302 296 622 258 52 73 64 33,658 970,941 318,672 277,836 599,760 314,481 84,978 74,660 61,280 67,517 1,809 89,257 66,366 $27,693,203 646 31,017 3,048 8,885 11,975 3,5B5 317 261 1,778 596 342 1,976 6 957 324,088 11,796,021 1,590,420 3,870,833 5,033,229 1,793,330 219,916 138,017 924, .WS 271,633 198,235 1,096,111 2,612 434,196 44,483 19,916 967 635 100 10 16,368 14,932 717 2,951 91 6 8,692 138 65 8,216 3,610 149 2,994 563 8 316 1 237 24 1,750 26 2 432 159 5 282 58 2 1,971 1 3 4 1 735 213 « $9,006,821 129,670 3,182,311 401,071 1,710,799 1,173,933 847,314 799,. 387 216,773 184,247 59,379 71,571 91,183 279 139,004 $73,216,387 3,980,693 31,875,840 1,887,671 6,490,899 18,096,092 6,004,088 701,346 444,070 669,981 303,361 261,102 1,870,464 4,104 726,686 $123,610,904 4,812,645 60,714,083 4,969,724 14,403,286 26,468,136 10,692,946 2,327,798 1,071,926 2,039,884 768,733 669,980 3,341,055 11,898 1,628,911 NETSr JERSEY. The state...'- 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 3. Iron and steel and their products 4. I,umber and its remanufactures. 5. Leather and its finished products 6. Paper and printing 7. Liquors and beverages 8. Chemicals and allied proilucts . . . 9. Clav, glass, and stone products. . 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 11. Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transportation. 13. Shipbuilding 14. Miscellaneous industries 7,010 1,456 801 660 426 211 716 203 359 337 417 554 254 78 538 $715,060,174 40,477,989 110,045,206 140,039,570 9,939,267 17,744,601 20,733,055 32,642,256 136,872,423 41,759,001 57,999,135 20,522,461 13,744,563 10,890,674 62,749,973 23,196 1,059 3,722 4,089 493 769 1,400 521 3,603 1,477 1,657 278 664 316 3,248 $28,956,728 1,054,848 4,661,174 6, 410,626 643,673 1,027,641 1,513,865 1,074,290 4,470,019 1,788,461 2,161,158 281,246 659,913 488,266 3,821,648 266,336 10,249 76,478 50,017 6,211 11,135 8,617 2,545 16,300 20,777 17,953 6,508 8,677 4,863 26,006 $128,168,801 5,032,298 29,470,720 27,933,953 3,083,126 6,31tl,619 4,292,769 2,017,725 8,683,726 10,756,181 9,481,887 2,041,129 6,033,117 3,032,702 11,990,950 195,447 8,042 36,779 47,166 6,623 8,513 6,293 2,631 14,664 18,680 14,161 2,042 8,623 4,863 18,478 62,887 1,964 37,101 2,287 481 2,132 2,061 5 1,353 1,210 3,246 4,105 35 6,927 8,002 253 3,598 565 107 490 273 9 293 887 546 361 19 $66,552,681 3,358,653 12,881,645 8,867,627 886,998 1,614,982 1,780,451 8,203,444 10,650,532 2,416,076 4,388,596 2,846,224 803,079 382,178 7,683,296 $470,449,176 59,531,380 68,639,467 66,009,701 6,682,051 21,137,798 7,876,123 4,445,227 75,299,204 8,976,893 114,660,688 3,808,463 6,838,826 3,461,803 33,192,562 $774,369,025 75,311,784 127,512,967 110,157,258 12,634,342 32,195,239 18,832,183 19,146,270 113,079,257 27,796,433 140,370,334 10,988,409 14,180,860 7,735,330 64,428,369 ]SrE"W MEXICO. The territorv 199 $4,038,248 224 $263,814 3,478 $2,153,068 3,388 52 38 $428,546 32,235,934 $5,705,880 1. Food and kindred products 42 3 3 209,605 146,000 77.279 3 5 1 78 1,600 11,400 1,200 93,344 73 64 68 1,170 38,098 24,482 34,321 665,169 60 30 68 1,163 12 34 1 14,182 12,236 7,434 224,234 407,029 18,287 22,500 318,821 ■ 653,724 90,898 70,618 1,434,864 3. Iron and steel and their products. 4. Lumber and its remanufactures.. 5. Leather and its finished products. 31 ' 1,944,879 17 57 13 279,871 173,298 35 6 29,426 7,618 151 24 94,081 15,162 139 23 6 6 1 28,685 32, 760 55,763 31,843 299,040 131,149 9! Clay, glass, and stone products... 10. Metals and metal products, other 11 6 7 14 95,670 133,896 22,245 998,003 6 4 6,600 4,663 80 44 18 1,693 37,626 29,824 10,703 1,248,588 73 44 17 1,688 7 3,216 9,984 4,697 66,324 18,605 78,275 12,442 1,152,642 91,191 137,016 36,731 2,575,696 1 6 12! Vehicles for land transportation. . 71 93,183 12 557,602 15 14,780 103 65,014 103 25,856 . , 119,727 284,955 1 Includes establishments as follows: Miscellaneous industries, 2, group 14; iron and steel and their products, 2, group 3. 2 Includes establishments as follows: Miscellaneous industries, 10, group 14; leather and its finished products, 1, group 5; chemicals and allied products, 1, group 8. 488 MANUFACTURES. Table 7.— STATES AXD TERRITORIES, BY GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 190.5— Continued. XEAV YORK. The state . Food and kindred products Textiles Iron and steel and their products. IvUmber and its remanuiactures . . Leather and its finished products. Paper and printing Liquors and beverages Chemicals and allied products Clay, glass, and stone products.. . Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 11. Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transportation. 13. Shipbuilding 14. Miscellaneous industries Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 1 37, 194 $2,031,459,516 7,310 6,708 2,180 3,176 918 4,609 819 1,365 956 1,506 3,543 810 210 3,084 Capital. 206, 336, 668 296, 809, 480 267, 833, 582 88,384,9.57 66,480,299 212, 984, 030 131,603,627 360,521,824 57,036,099 81, 116, 182 53, 794, 950 40, 384, 118 11,744,357 167,429,342 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEEKS, ETC. WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. Total. Num- ber. Salaries. 8,012 .?111, 145,175 6,127 20,470 10,288 4,138 2,372 24,204 2,346 7,936 1,992 3,662 2,066 2,197 337 9,877 6,674,643 20,701,280 12,693,708 4,764,473 2,446,706 26,267,746 4, 981, 141 10,295,966 2,482,166 4, 657, 932 1, 973, 177 2, 208, 795 470, 743 10, 526, 799 num- ber. 856, 947 S430,014,851 52, 267 266, 605 94,075 55, 945 35, 322 86, 790 11,646 32, 509 29, 192 Wages. 25,397,723 113,915,102 55, 135, 750 28,263,142 15,434,864 49, 135, 113 8,408,635 17,412,2.55 17,564,444 37,. 347 20,180,689 1 33,946 30, 246 6,428 85,629 14,546,607 17,358,134 4, 387, 033 42,895,460 .\verage number. Men 16 iwomeni ^^l over. 1 1* years. and over. 603,619 245,449 7,979 37,613 117,116 91,497 53,060 23,939 62,492 11,571 27,713 27,919 14,146 145,220 2, 193 2,699 10,897 23, 286 63 4,664 922 32, 226 4.811 17, 889 30,038 6,415 64,041 15, 809 176 11 20,762 508 3,269 385 1,012 12 242 '351 310 248 32 2 826 Miscella- , Cost of neous I materials expenses. used. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and re- ■ pairing. $301,676,788 $1,348,603,286 | 82,488,345,579 21,052,370 76, 874, 593 19, 279, 587 9,976,271 5,820,041 49, 315, 799 37,162,268 30, 107, 719 6,000,481 8,249,662 14,396,224 2, 835, 168 1,021,210 20,484,405 341, 335, 349 314,711,949 94, 737, 345 57,203,012 55,492,108 78,368,303 26,224,264 112; 398, 773 16,759,921 92,482,403 25, 240, 318 21,872,939 3,988,925 108, 787, 687 421,935,561 692,071,319 214,650,381 116,367,240 88, 372, 286 239, 890, 775 86, 107, 814 206,238,652 49,094,221 138, 135, 180 65,596,931 46,864,136 11,266,303 212, 756, 780 JvORTH CAROLINA. The state 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 3. Iron and steel and their products 4. Lumber audits remanuiactures. 5. Leather and its finished products 6. Paper and printing 7. Liquors and beverages 8. Chemicals and allied products. . . 9. Clay, glass, and stone products.. 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 11. Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transportation. 13. Shipbuilding 14. Miscellaneous industries 3,272 $141,000,1 308 305 71 1,544 56 261 86 210 146 142 12 64 2,388,817 63,306,018 2,491,090 17,378,096 3,075,472 1,302,087 443,339 9, 014, 969 1,216,938 97,866 36,076,997 2,073,823 71,670 1, 163, 567 4,072 83,795,471 112 1,156 149 1,094 67 241 26 350 85 534 167 2 85 70,2.37 1, 243, 567 153, 409 907,657 90,810 166, 149 18,419 276, 760 63, 676 2,460 584, 797 144,414 1.170 73,046 85, 339 $21,375,294 947 42, 342 1,260 23,068 841 1,012 ; 235 2,576 1,649 93 7,293 3,425 73 526 255,068 8, 731, 784 560,543 6,661,433 248,488 412,787 69, 192 763,921 461,628 40, 079 1,467,379 1,626,339 37,404 160, 249 56, 406 18, 301 767 17, 566 1,236 22, 186 226 1 2,549 1,566 93 3,701 3,339 73 496 134 15,476 9 187 26 108 1 20 6 2,303 11 46 1,301 16 695 13 150, 774 3, 190, 978 229, 839 2,987,198 147,841 180, 807 488, 828 648,048 104, 176 5,714 9,619,689 121,618 3,492 73, 048 $79, 268, 004 6,619,892 37, 874, 690 1,388,837 10, 128, 127 2,671,439 401,060 244,284 6,407,608 331, 304 107,408 10, 149, 351 2, 595, 369 22,977 325, 768 $142, 620, 776 7, 771, 931 64,882,408 2,737,553 26,669,942 3,575,760 1,694,232 988, 528 8,799,200 1,357,002 194,455 28,087,969 4,824,697 83,273 853,926 ?Q"ORTH DAKOTA. 507 $5,703,837 296 $2.57,812 1.756 $1,031,307 1,621 199 36 $609,880 $7,095,986 1. Food and kindred products 2 Textiles 158 6 19 3 4 230 16 4 21 27 4 2, 842, 434 297, 620 161,427 68, 773 111,020 1,081,949 140, 940 431,620 321,677 35, 070 34,672 137, 890 123 9 4 4 14 76 12 12 IS 3 105,885 14,000 2,980 2,063 8,000 69,326 9,631 10, 980 13,600 1,700 522 88 71 49 49 518 36 10 153 40 30 150 1 302,981 39,071 42, 113 31,086 28,228 314, 266 20,896 6,808 83,364 26,384 16,019 104,886 453 62 71 48 43 415 35 10 152 40 27 150 67 36 2 268, 137 6,376 14,230 6,064 13,901 124,270 29, 159 19,639 16,998 5,229 11, 097 330 6,218,769 100,533 66, 745 61,674 86, 100 238,048 43,515 34,227 68,387 43,604 29,200 84,284 7,508,599 206, ,398 4. Lumber and its remanufactures. . 5. Leather and its finished products. 81 I 22 1 104,021 153, 606 1,116,439 166,636 102, 108 246,223 9. Clay, glass, and stone products... 10. Metals and metal products, other 1 1 1 I 2 76,443 209,982 12. Vehicles for land transportation.. 20 19, 283 13. Shipbuilding 8 38, 745 1 364 39 16,216 25 14 6,461 30,900 63,410 ■ OHIO. The state 13, 785 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 3. Iron and steel and their products. 4. Lumber and its remanuiactures . , 5. Leather and its finished products. 6. Paper and printing 7. Liquors ana beverages 8. Chemicals and aUied products 9. Clay, glass, and stone products... 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 11. Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transportation. 13. .'ihipbuilding 14. Miscellaneous industries ^ ■. 2,673 746 1,402 1,888 201 1,724 .3.39 650 1,176 368 1,329 581 $866,988,830 39,991 $43,434,868 364,298 $183,429,426 303,828 49, 511, 672 33,019,466 295, 002, 309 49, 046, 516 21,835,074 49, 604, 301 43,268,109 82,131,445 64, 721, 547 21,621,184 15,646,744 38,894,831 2,606 2,502 10, 744 2,797 1,376 4,900 1,076 3,035 2,502 j 1,073 622 I 2,728 2, 328, 144 2, 707, 883 12, 840, 376 2,766,110 1,437,006 4, 550, 559 1,559,145 3,647,966 2, 826, 898 16, 975 24,736 111,093 31,424 17,919 22, 566 5,118 11,493 37,612 1,237,065 II 9,717 '■■ -Si2,958 |i 11,176 2.687,580 35,346 92,785,743 1 4,030 4,314,179 11 29,126 7,525,239 9.069,369 63,614,008 14,689,9.35 7,112,776 10,917,194 3,609,828 5,646,294 18,715,344 4,714,124 3,912,416 19,360,849 13,752,059 24, 013 55, 376 4,282 16, 197 2,013 1,398 5,913 6,662 130 1,538 4,220 1,340 6,499 479 5,095 199 839 400 377 5 164 929 407 25 309 $102, 704, 746 1.538,036 5,107,981 3, 750, 177 8,049,401 $627,636,686 96,060,249 31,135,537 180, 504, 306 .30, 557, 140 22, 764, 539 18,924,211 11,230,544 37,894,666 13,749,370 10,510,724 7,499,939 31,466,333 35,349,027 $960,811,857 122,056,317 56, 742, 466 308,974,046 62,211,885 37,960,972 50,963,966 41,050,822 62, 228, 797 46, 559, 996 20,630,282 20,488,622 ' 62,371,450 69,683,346 1 Includes establishments as follows: Miscellaneous industries, 786, group 14; shipbuilding 22, group 13 GENERAL TABLES. 489 Table T.— STATES AND TERRITORIES, BY GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES; 1905— Continued. OKJ.AHOMA. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Capital. The territory •. , Food and l^indred products.. Textiles. SALARIED OFnCIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Num- ber. Salaries. .?4(j7,042 .Vver- age num- ber. 3,199 168 168 157,843 Wages. ?l,li,5.-j,324 -Vverjige number. Men 16 Women' '^'??': years I6ye.;rs ^^ren 16 years. and over. 2,870 620 and over. Miscella- neous expenses. Cost of materials . used. 8979,016 I .? 11, 545, 306 Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and re- , pairing. 278,352 8,693,381 10,415,124 Iron and steel and their products. Lumber and its remanufactures . . Leather and its finished products ' Paper and printing Liquors and beveraces Chemicals and allied products Clay, glass, aud stone products. . Metuls and metal products, other than iron and steel 17 209,113 1 12 4,^4, .^>HI 26 4 131,200 13 til 1,231,101 i 113 34 938,147 1 16 23 2,524,0li:i 79 44 98(i,547 47 300 28,920 15,300 87,299 15,925 69,570 27,956 4,388 Tobacco 39 Vehicles for land transportation .' 10 Shipbuilding Miscellaneous industries 30 48,622 112,327 28,097 77 143 85 796 103 255 319 53 .59 4r-7 'i49' 45,796 86,. 536 35,060 400,766 64,989 110,839 143, .565 39,428 24,, 543 275.078 497 74 139 38 .592 93 251 318 ■1 1 4 47 161 43 1 9 4 1 3 8 13,104 47,092 15,692 278,290 99, 791 102, 144 65,923 16,217 3,174 79,597 50,581 51,860 403,. 364 124,746 354,709 114,098 1,225,906 138,367 67,315 48,231 220,0-0 103,260 OREGON. The statP ' 1,602 | S44,023,648 Food and kindred products Textiles Iron and steel and their products. Lumber and its remanufactures . . Leather and its finished products. Paper and printing Liquors and beverages Chemicals and allied products Clay, glass, and stone products... Metals and metal products, other j than iron and steel Tobacco Vehicles for land transportation.. Shipbuilding Miscellaneous industries 393 32 66 620 39 262 50 24 61 10,009,387 2,814,316 2,299,185 14,282,577 843,596 4,691 513 2,260,772 2,826,275 827,024 1,561,066 123,476 625,130 119,710 739,621 1,769 S2, 132,514 490 82 89 491 36 346 I 36 36 22 32 5 67 4 44 482, 741 109,929 110,232 587,687 36,420 18,523 811,443,612 2,143 1,265 936 9,197 379 1,177,604 501,108 671.819 5.812,703 248,817 492,996 1,716 i 1,057,369 67,639 ' 191 ! 1.58.435 44,663 114 i ,84,055 28,500 I 466 \ 275,227 55,224 3,950 68.116 e^ooo 37,617 324 163 1,185 169 213,396, 92,242 864,586 121,760 164,391 I 16,843 1,697 539 931 9, 122 366 1,471 189 110 466 282 120 1,185 169 206 395 639 51 13 220 4 fl 42 33 25 886,625 226,200 119,641 1,459,885 69,331 682,721 268,170 160,010 93,998 35,638 51,548 163,060 7,600 71,268 16.612,230 2,224,895 I 892,794 ! 6,4.55,978 936,849 1,313,642 471,610 656,368 287,966 661,026 179,173 600,862 122,961 280,520 148,487 106,413 20H,960 ,501,515 326,951 ,701,277 482,250 152, 176 116,094 543.613 348,796 S4,185,696 I 830,696,763 | $55,626,123 19,893,416 3,433,390 2,066,0.35 16,811,717 1,442,083 4,371,767 1,257,143 1,249,869 873,774 969,213 395,697 1,715,420 297,231 748,469 PENNSYLVANIA. The state. 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 3. Iron and steel and their products. 4. Lrunber and its remanufactures.. 5. Leather and its finished products. 23,495 SI, 995,836,988 6. Paper and printing 7. Liquors and beverages 8. Chemicals and allied products 9. Clay, glass, and stone products. . . 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel =^,293 2,250 2,069 2,. 577 455 2,479 688 80.524,199 209,892,681 761,807,498 68,224,068 83,897,359 i,081 4,170 8,068 20,283 2,780 1 550 11 . Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transportation. 13. Shipbuilding .' 14. Miscellaneous industries 1,257 545 2,808 834 33 1,317 81,546,976 7,420 83,144,591 1,401 166,923,907 4,227 124,552,480 i 3,307 39,054,960 23,371,281 81,954,333 18,007,264 172,935,391 573,269,007 '763,282 |f367,9e0.8 1 , 627 1,378 3,417 321 6,132 3,687,966 8,387,191 24,784,602 2,677,892 1,683,642 7, 473,. 584 2,631,472 4,624,067 3,974,296 1,839,608 1,116,838 3,367,934 481,998 6,538,118 27,349 155,206 234,367 43,738 25,519 35,715 7,398 21,061 ,53,785 12,342,943 63,111,283 131,957,478 20,391,922 10,571,281 594,487 134,344 34,451 20,431 55,002 229,133 40,123 20,000 17,744,706 24,605 4,828,813 7,256 10,674,829 ■ 18,727 27,771,125 48,603 5,863 82,402 1,996 2,580 4,184 9,241 98 2,020 1,787 1,066 17,802 3,238 1,036 1,335 1,869 44 314 3,395 :S167,267.247 SI .142.942,707 .51,955,551,332 15,606 8,193,569 30,748 .58, 406 6,511 47,874 10,437,998 34,287,394 3,473,296 22,174,254 13,586 1,616 403 14,512 14,622 1,614 57,841 300 265 6,135 6 370 38,. 533 7,639 1,702 9,626,464 19,670,113 45,097,235 9,245,018 5,480,947 12,300,832 15,714,028 I 12,486,945 I 6,832,2,58 3,031,506 8,321,878 3,872,324 880.. 500 14,708,199 139,845,590 156,902,311 442,636,620 37,477,271 66,891,168 30,424,630 13,261,636 83,463,297 24,006,674 22,216,400 15,936,872 54,003,961 5,180,488 50,717,890 180,697,034 268,449,297 708,760,262 84,119,496 89,163,801 82.554,968 43,477,293 128,685,669 71,775,382 40,419,343 40,897,336 98,362,702 10,326,692 107,962,168 RHODE ISLAND. The state 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 3. Iron and steel and their products 4. Lumber and its remanufactures . 5. Leather and its finished products 6. Paper and printing * 7. Liquors and beverages 8. Chemicals and allied products . . . 9. Clay, glass, and stone products. . 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 11. Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transportation.. 13. Shipbuilding 14. Miscellaneous industries 1,617 249 280 191 40 03 35 291 8215,901,375 I 5,420 57,040,678 97,318 '543,112,637 3,0.57,925 116,346,673 37,509,386 1,649,896 872,658 3,563,676 5,049,251 8,858,0,32 1,305,136 21,693,164 183.910 631,736 876,033 14,404,899 146 1,626 1,088 82 36 494 78 209 62 120,246 2,553,003 1,496,289 81,329 43,801 425, 449 126,796 302,862 78, 445 1,091 I 1,241,351 4 36 44 426 6,616 33, 742 58,916 473,844 1,562 67,717 12,822 1,116 379 2,372 528 1,668 976 9,289 217 630 746 7,398 893,346 22,499,611 6,774,310 ,575,132 189,305 61,346 30,742 5.230 814.623,430 5112.872,261 .5202,109,583 1,327 29,450 11,991 1,084 278 1,133,482 393,070 796,037 623,802 1,.587 520 1,353 967 5,254,791 6,617 128,817 372,567 428,504 3,049,873 158 617 733 4,664 226 23,674 673 14 87 716 2,. 554 58 3 13 2,543 9 4,593 158 17 14 376,546 6,602,090 2,253,405 213,624 47,737 6,298,199 64,366,416 8,169,461 1,088,766 580,814 8.456,495 105,015,927 22,013,533 2,277,366 1,060,440 69 46 403, 786 751,007 994,277 111,337 1,603,969 826.377 3, 703, 703 369,067 4,628,874 3,059,937 6,655,316 1,392,088 118 1,766,547 14,136,805 26,093,879 1 "ibi' 50,246 26,833 20,242 1,006,753 135,019 264,403 370,874 10,960,408 358,124 803,664 945,270 19,348,671 ' Includes establishments as follows: Leather and its finished products, 2, group 5; textiles, 2, group 2. 490 MANUFACTURES. Table 7.— STATES AND TERRITORIES, BY GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. SOUTH CAKOLIIv^A. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Capital. SALARIED WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Miscella- neous expenses. Cost of materials used. CLEEKS, ETC. Total. Average number. Value of products, in- cluding cus- GKOUP. f Num- ber. Salaries. Aver- age num- ber. Wages. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Chil- dren under 16 years. tom work and re- pairing. 1,399 8113,422,224 2,389 $2,356,002 59, 441 $13,868,960 37,653 12,019 9,769 $6,013,241 $49,968,626 $79,376,262 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 108 168 38 622 6 153 42 213 64 9 7 46 1,037,502 84,337,333 512, 439 8,832,659 44,580 1,289,656 364,716 13,592,152 814, 152 55,021 699,296 802, 166 84 832 28 440 3 210 27 534 52 1 25 107 60,091 1,076,543 28,771 390, 134 .650 161,692 24,726 411,015 50,862 1,200 22,874 84,872 1,538 39,026 462 11,209 21 766 206 2,660 1,160 39 446 1,477 250,708 8,069.878 213,013 3,030,020 7,486 311,484 48,027 699,616 294,208 21,112 74,113 695, 471 606 18,999 435 11,107 20 623 186 2,657 1,076 39 39 1,451 653 10,860 10 7 90 i' 8 279 9,167 7 95 1 53 19 2 76 77,028 3,396,212 27,132 903, 097 1,009 96, 554 703,616 570,836 69,599 6,041 64,866 33,903 1,883,146 35,317,774 173,612 2,796,910 26,208 334, 450 252, 593 7,702,375 305,873 29,547 108,289 722,685 2,620,592 51,341,689 3. Iron and steel and their products. 4. Lumber and its remanulactures. . 5. Leather and its finished products. 6. Paper and printing 649,069 8,903,963 48,772 1,278,079 1,194,718 8. Chemicals and allied products 9. Clay, glass, and stone products... 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 9,918,399 1,006,283 70;000 11. Tobacco 3.58 14 49 12 2,57,078 12. Vehicles for land transportation.. 13. Shipbuilding 1,629,216 33 i.n4n.7.'i.i 46 41,583 442 153,914 415 18 9 63, 349 315,164 659, 414 ! SOUTH DAKOTA. The state 686 $7,585,142 441 $294,353 2.492 $1,421,680 2,179 280 33 $833,350 S8. 696. 831 $13,085,333 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 232 i 13 28 3,274,587 36,806 196,715 250,712 224 8 5 13 111,681 4,761 7,440 11,620 759 27 126 195 413,232 10,960 125, 486 116,797 660 9 126 196 91 18 8 322,399 6,668 13,779 66,984 7,604,531 36,880 56, 477 98,691 9,429,401 72, 265 3. Iron and steel and their products. 4. Lumber and its remanulactures 226,115 383, 240 280 21 11 26 3 47 9 1,345,471 1,040,267 669,849 321,927 64,350 124,674 161, 631 109 20 18 21 2 5 15 86, 591 25, 474 13,250 11,646 1,160 4,620 16, 620 693 99 52 143 11 167 203 311,687 61,574 28,319 86, 363 8,880 86,936 118,212 425 99 51 143 11 143 203 153 15 160, 477 131,948 54,566 22,976 1,353 48,933 2,060 241,941 180,371 53, 457 106,218 15,387 . 127,336 140,542 1,222,839 7. tfiquors and beverages 600, 283 8. Chemicals and allied products 9. Clay, glass, and stone products... 10. Metals and metal products, other 1 173,264 297,720 39,896 327,817 15 9 12. Vehicles for land transportation.. 282,012 13. Shipbuilding 12 98,253 1 690 117 63,234 114 3 ll,iil7 36, 100 130, 481 TENNESSEE. The state . Food and kindred products Textiles Iron and steel and their products. Lumber and its remanulactures. . Leather and its finished products. 6. Paper and printing 7. I,iquor3 and beverages 8. Chemicals and allied products 9. Clay, glass, and stone products... 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 11 . Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transportation. 13. Shipbuilding 1 4. Miscellaneous industries ^ 3,175 648 120 133 1,230 60 349 91 112 151 77 116 $102, 439, 481 9,933,402 10,618,517 11,876,770 25,278,006 4,968,761 4,511,458 3, 483, 033 12,166,548 2, 534, 073 2,451,ia3 5,793,715 6,253,782 4,910 516 367 616 I.IU 129 676 105 677 139 96 346 $5,080,429 449,509 378, 744 565,957 , 134, 955 161,863 671,570 149, 797 669, 366 141,766 86,065 93,069 347, 364 250, 404 60, 672 $22, 806, 628 3,280 8,033 6,011 21,614 1,403 2,541 654 2,947 2,796 1,022 6,960 '2,' 433 1,164,511 1,759,983 2,603,640 8,0.32,462 498, 630 1,288.498 283,550 928, 305 1.045,1.52 467,286 287, 430 3, 543, 586 51,757 2,629 2,411 5,968 20,997 1,273 1,893 623 2,533 2,725 954 6,891 "2," 291 6,611 2,204 $12,090^ 582 4,392 7 187 79 668 6 400 6 257 29 69 1,230 36 430 51 1,293,419 809,382 842, 564 3,298,460 299, 374 856, 811 878,312 1,840,616 268, 267 124, 333 844,788 317, 663 417, 221 $79,351,746 26,194,222 7,329,762 6,203,524 14, 540, 873 4,337,958 1,432,605 871,098 7,211,163 872,974 2,071,429 9.35,986 5,500,366 1,849,797 $137,960,476 32,077,927 11,716,603 11,266,511 33,176,373 5,894,519 5,320,221 2,851,268 12,385,128 2, 879, 441 3,279,626 2,769,7.55 10, 195, 722 4,158,382 TEXAS. The state 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles , 3. Iron and steei and their products, 4. Lumber and its relnanutactures. 5. Leather and its finished products. 6. Paper and printing 7. Liquors and beverages 8. Chemicals arid allied products 9. Clay, glass, and stone products.. 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 11. Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transportation. 13. Shipbuilding 14. Miscellaneous industries 3,158 $115,664,871 510 61 128 454 64 244 184 87 210 21,437,328 4, 176, 649 5,072,139 22,268,291 2,070,842 - 6, 464, 022 6,011,410 28,882,095 3,548,095 4,646,533 284, 672 4,911,626 10,906 5,991,364 6,753 1,073 130 193 1,122 144 909 165 1,006 193 97 10 441 270 $6,117,709 1,134,493 152, 189 248, 166 1,271,581 142,754 777, 576 270,026 1,071,169 173, 641 101, 357 15, 564 507,962 251,243 ,066 $24,468,942 5,421 2,062 2,124 15, 630 753 3,543 947 4,269 2,356 1,281 347 8,828 30 1,485 2, 410, 441 667,809 1,289,336 6,994,328 478,986 2,118,156 547,233 1,952,972 1,000,433 705, 893 1.58, 523 5,510,812 22,605 711,415 45,766 4,688 617 2,109 15,510 718 2,976 917 4,169 2,302 1,271 232 8,828 30 1,399 2,479 590 1,199 6 35 20 391 7 80 821 $12,215,472 143 246 9 85 15 176 23 10 54 2, 423, 471 300,141 624, 617 2,776,239 248, 357 1, 166, 403 1,613,442 1,972,910 376, 586 139,070 82,938 149,723 1,900 440, 675 $91,603,630 40,830,853 '2,188,029 2, 32J, 220 7,002,0.57 2,091,095 2,044,868 1,431,828 20,533,593 1,026,168 5,980,581 210,726 4,017,991 16,209 1,300,412 $160,528,389 49,960,442 3, 695, 731 5,287,299 21,911,452 3, 408, 580 8,325,566 5,140,952 26, 466, 195 3,344,268 8,016,739 649, 653 10,873,180 51,344 3,516,988 1 Includes establishments as follows: Miscellaneous industries, 32, group 14; shipbuilding, 1, group 13. ! Includes establishments as follows: Miscellaneous industries, 10, group 14; leather and its finished products, 2, group 5 'Includes establishments as follows: Miscellaneous industries, 133, group 14; shipbuilding, 2, group 13. GENERAL TABLES. Table 7.— STATES AND TERRITORIES, BY GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. 491 UTAH. Num- ber ol estab- lish- ments. Capital. SALAKIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNEES AND WAGES. Miscella- neous expenses. Cost of materials used. Total. Average number. Value of products, in- cluding cus- tom work and re- pairing. Num- ber. Salaries. Aver- age num- ber. Wages. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. Chil- dren under 16 years. The state 606 S2fi. 004. m 1 979 $1,038,353 8,052 $5, 167, 400 6,840 1,017 195 81,465,707 $24,939,827 $38, 926, 464 — , 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles... 188 20 26 62 18 106 17 19 67 19 27 12 8,633,473 768, 267 475.767 :)2»,010 225, 675 1,119,387 991,151 . 1,588,729 1,074,867 9,568,518 106,388 548,840 281 64 25 29 11 238 41 33 44 71 9 94 230,853 53,542 43, 045 19, 468 10, 136 239, 644 56,740 39, 445 42, 130 174, 101 6,925 98,984 1,496 566 300 250 171 571 185 150 481 2,158 140 1,320 661,019 172, 946 212,612 , 152, 201 85,090 378,668 115, 412 90,409 287, 872 1,662,695 108, 533 1,016,054 938 186 300 229 131 458 179 137 456 2,150 116 1,317 486 334 72 36 478,942 62,802 20,604 28,923 16,891 285, 123 244,815 68, 747 82,982 120,037 32, 606 3,040 6,335,527 511,765 266,782 205,868 209,577 342,278 227, 455 181, 171 233,866 14,853,214 110,722 869, 827 9,048,652 846, 002 3. Iron and steel and their products . 4. Lumber and its remanufactures.. 5. Leather and its finished products. 630, 361 16 34 92 is" 3 1 13 1 5 6 21 6 ■""22' 7 11 2 526,222 385,211 1, 565, 549 7. Liquors and beverages 778, 963 8. Chemicals and allied products 9. Clay, glass, and stone products. . . 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel. . - . 561,607 776,082 20, 387, 317 11. Tobacco.. 297, 918 12. Vehicles tor land transportation. . 13. Shipbuilding 1,991,271 25 573,939 39 23,340 274 213, 899 243 24 7 30,295 591, 775 1, 132, 309 VERMONT. The state i 1, 699 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 3. Iron and steel and their products. 4. Lumber and its remanufactures.. 5. Leather and its finished products. Paper and printing Liquors and beverages Chemicals and allied products Clay, glass, and stone products. , . Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 11. Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transportation . 13. Shipbuilding 14. Miscellaneous industries 416 58 73 574 10 136 9 33 256 $62,668,741 3, 284, 475 11,791,241 7,826,651 10, 447, 550 743,849 6,624,681 78, 465 1,949,277 15,066,680 317,237 48, 449 841,480 3, 738, 706 2,053 S2, 102, 708 215 256 311 287 34 216 3 103 404 97, 801 319, 483 350, 100 280, 733 31,040 228, 133 2,330 131,082 428, 248 10, 120 2,652 21,982 33,106 $16,221,069 1,093 6,078 3,264 7,791 310 1,955 28 352 8,444 184 77 944 508, 690 2,134,620 1,811,364 3, 162, 298 134,883 916, 682 13, 253 159,643 4,696,215 82, 343 39, 715 510, 221 28,321 919 2,535 3,228 7,458 211 1,660 27 265 8,435 72 944 164 3,431 33 282 286 10 112 3 61 ?4, 923, 366 296, 955 688, 636 654, 173 1,136,731 75,604 361,056 9,231 608, 417 842,996 12, 308 19,679 20,670 9,769,640 6, 290, 348 1,594,785 5, 862, 668 704, 188 2,930,734 49, 407 1,316,456 2, 196, 971 75, 966 45, 591 433, 690 $63,083,611 11, 295, 983 10,637,261 5, 635, 500 12, 212, 840 1,057,299 4,954,696 111,780 2, .591, 616 10,067,664 264, 925 127, 492 1, 028, 070 VIRGINIA. The state 3, 187 Food'and kindred products 695 Textiles i 90 Iron and steel and their products Lumber and its remanufactures. . Leather and its finished products. 6. Paper and printing 7. Liquors and beverages '. 8. Chemicals and allied products 9. Clay, glass, and stone products. . . 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 1 1 . Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transportation. 13. ShipbuiWing 14. Miscellaneous industries 1,038 72 331 134 118 139 30 143 133 24 142 $147,989,182 9,385,190 10,691,672 11,549,114 16,827,268 5,985,789 9,629,165 3,242,073 12,262,395 6,417,927 3. 042, 498 23,477,649 4,835,179 23,027,616 7,615,647 492 225 440 767 182 636 81 385 269 521 493 142 281 390, 158 217, 596 676, 723 693, 789 213,388 582, 607 109, 910 410, 490 271,069 83,660 519,255 402,066 156, 442 247, 863 285 $27,943,068 4,472 7,830 6,071 18,044 3,264 3,766 632 3,319 4,378 763 7,931 8,736 7,422 3,768 1,154,940 1,929,455 2, 726, 997 6, 748, 446 828, 362 1,404,882 228, 382 1, 145, 919 1,641,213 336, 364 1,829,239 4,165,331 3, 430, 716 1,372,824 055 11,990 3,240 2,434 3,074 6,024 17,167 '2,566 2,577 510 3,180 4,153 680 3,382 8,669 7,128 3,622 1,800 3,819 400 698 1,099 7 134. 12 73 3,900 12 7 129 238 937 47 477 101 90 15 5 213 649 54 287 117 768, 197 693, 401 747, 899 2,170,837 363,807 862, 957 739,200 1,097,660 433, 126 143,269 6, 609, 968 216, 866 269, 370 407, 826 $83,649,149 23,012,010 6, 807, 267 6,690,533 8,591,447 7, 199, 467 3,269,649 629,833 5, 467, 713 1,510,673 851,921 6,663,685 5,798,811 4,367,260 2,808,980 $148, 856, 625 27,341,598 10, 875, 790 12,291,967 21,865,264 9, 275, 544 7, 416, 232 2,086,689 9,201,922 4, 547, 977 1,721,669 16, 768, 204 11,044,283 8, 933, 177 6, 486, 329 'WASHINGTON. The state 1. Food and kindred products •2 Textiles 3. Iron and steel and their products 4. Lumber and its remanufactures. 5. Leather and its finished products 6. Paper and printing 7. Liquors and beverages 8. Chemicals and allied: products ... 9. Clay, glass, and stone products. . 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 11. Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transportation. 13. Shipbuilding 14. Miscellaneous industries 2,751 $96,962,621 14,022,798 662, 437 3, 904, 868 45,984,698 479, 194 4,693,333 6, 128, 599 7, 920, 975 3,016,690 3, 515, 715 190,806 1,988,796 3, 302, 577 1,341,135 552 58 232 ,452 28 100 130 112 $4,092,919 629, 397 45, 706 284, 664 1,756,721 25,390 674, 493 183, 700 97, 334 119, 973 117, 413 3,300 84,688 88,363 81,987 45, 199 $30,087,287 3,080 378 1,647 30, 822 264 2,226 551 207 1,071 1,234 256 1,574 1,384 505 1,911,293 179, 308 1,202,104 20, 214, 718 143,6(J3 1,636,170 552, 106 137,660 684, 239 959,085 175, 425 1,066,904 906,873 318, 799 782 1,304 535 232 2 96 68 56 113 40 27 $11,034,750 1,616,320 62,611 284,310 5,884,622 67, 792 819, 331 1, 240, 627 249, 689 180, 247 139,567 81,621 60,839 191,051 166, 423 $66. 166, 165 26,262,528 471,134 2,013,883 20,114,365 404, 528 1,506,044 1,143,282 355, 896 535,210 10,304,946 225,730 2,004,414 1,228,653 595,653 $128,821,667 31,818,635 888,026 4, 402, 518 66, 496, 925 772, 079 5,771,763 4, 848, 990 1,007,979 ■ 1,892,965 12,817,177 603,578 3,311,475 2,695,024 1, 494, 543 492 MANUFACTURES. Table 7.— STATES AND TERRITORIES, BY GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 190.5— Continued. AVEST VIRGINIA. lier of estab- lish- iments. Capital. The state 2, 109 1. Food and kindred products 348 2. Textiles .35 3. Iron and steel and their products. j 105 4. Lumber and its remanuf actures . . | 813 5. Leather and its finished products . I 43 6. Paper and printing 232 7. Liquors and beverages 63 8. Chemicals and allied products . 53 9. Clay, glass, and stone products. . . I 122 10. Metals and metal products, other I than iron and steel 20 11. Tobacco [ S2 12. Vehicles for land transportation. . , 63 13. Shipbuilding 3 14. Miscellaneous industries 1 27 SS6, 820, 823 3, 913, 160 1, 887, 519 15, 804, 738 15, 998, 759 8, 967, 496 3,994,574 3,907,366 3,650,832 9,353,713 2, 555, 640 3,703,005 3,022,516 125,614 9,936,891 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEEKS, ETC. Num- ber. 2,892 187 92 327 690 58 196 93 137 351 136 80 228 Salaries. S2, 898, 830 149,963 107, 409 382, 159 648, 049 98, 274 172,670 109,978 133, 656 432, 544 165, 826 78, 340 194,077 7,682 228, 204 WAGE-EAENERS AND WAGES. Total. age num- ber. Wages. 43,758 821,153,042 1,230 1,529 7,719 12, 594 1,065 1,543 469 705 5,952 1, 152 1,547 6,153 86 3,026 606, 008 394, 646 4, 621, 846 5, 770, 372 477, 631 727,945 289, 271 314,143 3, 123, 476 460,604 690, 246 2, 609, 492 38, 006 1, 229, 458 .Vverage number. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and over. 39,378 j 3,249 905 585 7,437 12, 469 1,028 1,180 447 661 4,660 1,010 801 6,126 86 2, 985 303 878 112 53 20 309 1 32 806 586 9 Chil- dren under 16 years. 1,131 22 66 170 7 64 21 12 487 150 19 Miscella- neous expenses. i $8,266,716 259, 726 184, 413 907, 443 2, 743, 113 276,055 251, 179 918, 415 180, 597 722, 491 92, 418 1,039,395 188, 717 2,356 500, 398 Cost of materials used. Value of products, in- cluding cus- toi^i work and re- pairing. S54,419,206 ! 599,040,676 7,975,254 1, 371, 566 17, 188, 886 6,924,982 5,024,609 1, 127, 701 624, 323 1,738,980 2,014,664 2,929,624 884, 875 3, 447, 549 47, 503 3, 118, 70O 10, 109, 697 2, 337, 436 25, 265, 293 20, 193, 872 6, 461, 561 2, 897, 835 2, 611, 368 2,663,310 7,230,572 3,961,186 3, 188, 876 6,847,092 116, 785 5, 266, 893 Aviscosrsix. Thestate | 8,568 S412,647,061 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles 3. Iron and steel and their products. 4. Lumber and its remanufactures . . 6. Leather and its finished products. 6. Paper and printing 7. Liquors and beverages 8. Chemicals and allied products 9. Clay, glass, and stone products. . . 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 11. Tobacco 12. Vehicles for land transportation. 13. Shipbuilding 14. Miscellaneous industries 273 424 1,011 140 S52 32H 165 300 117 707 37(1 33 I 324 32,314,281 13, 860, 921 68, 407, 933 68, 019, 353 36, 132, 965 34, 705, 000 68,674,811 23, 499, 942 8, 300, 216 5,249,278 3,153,256 16,125,517 2,345,081 1 41,8.58,498 14,220 S15,498,232 1,424 733 2,216 2,474 713 1,547 822 548 268 366 209 714 36 2,151 1,241,985 872, 491 2,674,619 2, 749, 739 1.. 5.55, 073 1, 182, 773 512, 403 274, 992 374, 191 201,221 671,666 42,226 2,278,964 151,391 10, 114 10, 457 19,600 47, 102 11,076 12, 499 6,824 2,030 3,948 2. 748 2,810 10, 244 597 12,343 871,471,805 129,274 17,970 4,147 4, 648, 189 3, 256, 775 10,858,809 21, 630, 897 4,741,937 7,986 2,489 19, 263 45, 364 8,332 1,642 7,373 92 723 2,313 487 596 246 1,016 1 430 i 5,801,101 3, 410, 395 934,077 2,046,643 9, 4.53 5,353 1,719 3,848 2,586 361 282 4 460 110 29 96 1,344,308 2,478 173 97 1, 195, 748 5,497,346 328, 327 5,777,353 2,028 10, 149 586 10,227 600 50 '"i,"77i' 182 45 11 346 S46, 674, 156 3, 665, 481 2, 195, 772 3, 782, 109 7, 5.56, 287 1,990,161 3,2S2,720 13,247,767 1,484,014 512, 150 486, 674 1,538,668 986, 937 62, 904 4, 885, 612 S227, 255, 092 74, 232, 012 10, 384, 136 22,064,364 33,003,379 26, 675, 472 14,410,395 13,259,032 4,092,409 2,066,863 4,086,037 2, 186, 248 8, 418, 418 227, 603 12, 158, 724 $411,139,681 90, 176, 641 19,013,947 45,347,612 75, 742; 403 36, 517, 816 29,206,924 40, 803, 394 8, 712, 533 6, 832, 707 6,935,963 6, 345, 914 17,322,366 783,469 28, 400, 114 AVYOMING. 169 $2,695,889 179 S206, 306 1,834 $1,261,122 1,793 33 8 ■ $420,597 81,300,773 $3,623,260 1. Food and kindred products 2. Textiles : 36 315,853 12 11,005 55 39,399 60 3 2 28,998 429,034 675,361 3. Iron and steel and their products. ' 4. Lumber and its remanufactures. . 6. Leather and its finished products. 32 4 47 13 4 6 345,096 38, 400 266,343 202, 127 369,500 158,935 •1 29 5 16 10 27,900 , 1,632 32,508 6,300 23,740 7,579 305 19 119 20 23 40 150, 918 16,903 84,389 16,226 17,684 30,003 304 19 89 20 23 40 1 ! i 1.52,834 3,273 39,691 17,216 16,236 18, 287 63,783 29,365 61,986 26, 195 62,703 29, 486 465,308 59,835 313, 105 86,452 139,659 106,764 6. Paper and printing 3 7. Liquors and beverages 8. Chemicals and allied products 9. Clay, glass, and stone products. . . 10. Metals and metal products, other than iron and steel 11. Tobacco 12 IP 27, 796 904, 828 I 76 400 91, 382 1,216 15,534 885,605 22 1,216 2 3 6,096 132, 482 14,664 637,028 49,105 1,647,611 12. Vehicles for land transportation. . 13. Shipbuilding 14. Miscellaneous industries ^ 6 67,011 4 3,860 10 6,662 io 6, 4S5 56,639 81,160 1 Includes establishments as follows: Miscellaneous industries, 3, group 14; iron and steel and their products, 2, group 3. GENERAL TABLES. 493 Table 8.— SUMMARY FOR ESTABLISHMENTS IN STATES AND TERRITORIES, BY CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP, WITH PER CENT IN EACH CLASS: 1905. STATE OH TERRITORY, AND CHARACTER OF OWiNER- EST,\13LISH- MENTS. CAPITAL. WAGE-EABNEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. COST OF MATE- RIALS USED. VALUE OF PROD- UCTS, INCLUDING CUSTOM WORK AND REPAIRING. I.'um- Per l.cr. cent. Amount. Per cent. Avorap:o nuinl.LT. Per cent. Wages. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. United States 216 262 100 $12,686,265,673 100.0 6,470,321 100.0 S2,611,640,532 100.0 Jl,465,019,473 100.0 $8,603,949,756 100.0 114,802,147,087 100 Individual Firm Incorporated coinpan}'. Miscellaneous 113,9151 -17,912 ol.l.jfi 3,203 52.7 22.2 23.6 1.5 965,831,738 1,188,892,836 10,510,811,355 20, 729, 7.H 7.6 9.4 82.8 0.2 755,972 841,280 3,864,549 8,520 13.8 15.4 70.6 0.2 346,8.50,219 380,332,213 1,879,559,645 4, 798, 455 13.3 14.5 72.0 0.2 146,990,869 198,934,017 1,106,189,403 2,905,184 10.1 13.7 76.0 0.2 878,595,641 1,202,420,608 6,381,670,469 41,263,138 10.3 14.1 76.1 0.5 1,702,980,808 2,132,619,830 10,912,080,421 54,466,028 11.5 14.4 73.7 0.4 Alabama 1,S82 ilOO.O ■ 105,382,859 100.0 62, 173 100.0 21, 878, 451 100.0 8,048,819 100.0 60,458,368 100.0 109,169,922 100.0 Individual Firm Incorporated company. . Miscellaneous Alaska 816 480 5. -8 8 S2 43.4 25.5 30.7 0.4 100.0 6,424,624 4,456,529 94,444,859 66,847 10,684,799 6.1 4.2 89.6 0.1 100.0 6,902 5,503 49, 740 28 1,938 11.1 8.9 80.0 (') 100.0 2,224,907 1,719,774 17,929,094 4,676 1,095,579 10.2 7.9 81.9 W 100.0 986,976 695,477 6,352,262 14,104 1,851,716 12.3 8.6 78.9 0.2 100.0 3,460,962 2,627,951 64,361,989 7,466 3,741,946 5.7 4.4 89.9 (») 100.0 9,266,408 7,140,059 92, 725, 327 38, 128 8,244,524 8.5 6.6 84.9 o 100.0 Individual Firm Incorporated company . . Arizona 15 8 69 169 18.3 9.S 71.9 100.0 107, SSI) 49, 133 10,627,786 14,396,664 1.0 0.5 98.6 100.0 49 38 1,851 4,793 2.6 2.0 95.6 100.0 36,094 27, 286 1,033,199 3,969,248 3.2 2.6 94.3 100.0 10,968 7,618 1,833,230 1,208,320 0.6 0.4 99.0 100.0 57,804 27, 827 3,656,315 14,595,057 1.6 0.7 97.7 100.0 150, 184 83, 226 8,011,114 28,083,192 1.8 1.0 97.2 100.0 Individual Firm Incorporated com] any . . Arkansas 70 2S 71 1,907 41.4 16.6 42.0 100.0 318, 760 364,886 13,712,008 46, 306, 116 2.2 2.6 95.3 100.0 1S2 114 4,497 33,089 3.8 i.i 93.8 100.0 138,929 82,689 3,747,630 14,543,635 3.5 2.1 94.4 100.0 34,338 36, 176 1,137,807 6,648,343 2.8 3.0 94.2 100.0 255,044 127,922 14,212,091 21,799,346 1.7 0.9 97.4 100.0 581,. 552 365,856 27,135,784 63,864,394 2.1 1.3 96.6 100.0 Individual Firm Incorporated comj.any .. Miscellaneous California 846 534 518 9 6,839 44.3 2.S.0 "o^i 100.0 4,940,102 4,914,400 36,424,569 27,045 282,647,201 10.7 10.6 78.7 (■) 100.0 4,277 4,460 24,335 17 100,355 12.9 13.5 73.5 0.1 100.0 1, 812, 023 1,821,536 10, 902, 788 7,288 64,656,686 12.5 12.5 75.0 « 100.0 769, 120 876,443 4,999,620 3,160 27,145,650 11.6 13.2 75.2 (') 100.0 3, 167, 779 2,714,289 16,906,208 22,070 215,726,414 14.6 12.4 73.0 0.1 100.0 7,684,593 7,410,401 38, 724, 917 44,483 367,218,494 14.3 13.7 71.9 0.1 100.0 Individual Firm Incorporated company . . Miscellaneous 3,375 49.4 1,472 21.5 1,917 : 28.0 75 , 1.1 1,606 100.0 ' 24,936,742 18,348,674 238,660,554 801,231 107,663,500 8.8 6.5 84.4 0.3 100.0 15,257 10,527 74,284 287 21,813 15.2 10.5 74.0 0.3 100.0 10,187,699 6,397,380 47,935,923 135,684 16,100,365 16.8 9.9 74.1 0.2 100.0 3,675,967 2,715,013 20,637,515 117, 155 6,519,100 13.6 10.0 76.0 0.4 100.0 22,607,802 20,972,517 170,776,467 1,369,628 63,114,397 10.5 9.7 79.2 0.6 100.0 47,300,887 37, 343, .541 280,742,589 1,831,477 100,143,999 12.9 10.2 76.4 5 100.0 886 236 478 6 3,477 55.2 14.7 29.7 0.4 100. 4,192,915 1,651,959 101,789,686 29,040 373,283,580 3.9 1.5 94.6 (') 100.0 2,586 1,045 18,169 13 181,605 11.8 4.8 83.3 0.1 100.0 1,731,776 761,421 12,695',673 11,495 87, 942, 628 11.6 5.0 83.4 0.1 100. n 814, 731 279,832 5,394,562 29,975 32,325,002 12.5 4.3 82.7 0.5 100.0 3,252,317 1, 144, 870 68, 699, 723 17,487 191,301,881 5.2 1.8 93.0 W 100.0 7,794,408 2,896,013 89,377,091 76,487 369,082,091 7.8 Firm 2.9 Incorporated company. . 89.2 0.1 100.0 1,737 519 1,187 34 631 50.0 14.9 34.1 1.0 100.0 20,060,932 15, 783. 589 336,951,843 487, 216 60,925.630 5.4 4.2 90.3 0.1 100.0 14, 591 11, 008 156, 875 131 18. 475 8.0 6.1 85.8 0.1 100.0 6,803,408 5,080,888 75,989,849 68,483 8,158,203 7.7 5.8 85.4 0.1 100.0 2,270,577 1,486,291 28, 527, 397 40, 737 2,691,218 7.0 4.6 88.3 0.1 100.0 13,997,671 14,767,476 162, 070, 246 -466,488 24,883,806 7.3 7.7 84.7 0.3 100.0 28,5.50,667 25, 395, 624 314,484,099 651, 801 41,160,276 7.7 Firm 6 9 Incorporated company . . Miscellaneous 85.2 0.2 Delaware 100.0 339 132 160 482 53.7 20.9 25.4 100.0 3, 980, 948 4,556,386 42,388,296 20,199,783 7.8 9.0 83.2 100.0 , 2,448 2,583 13,444 6,299 13.2 14.0 72.8 100.0 917,678 877,646 6,362,879 3,658,370 11.2 10.8 78.0 100.0 . 322,045 290, 139 2,079,034 2,724,840 12.0 10.8 77.2 100.0 3,450,472 4, 805, 869 16,627,465 7,731,971 13.9 19.3 66.8 100.0 5,517,649 , 13.4 6,720,715 1 16.3 28,921,912 70.3 18,359,159 100.0 Incorporated company 2 . District of Columbia Individual 298 77 91 16 1,413 61.8 16.0 18.9 3.3 100.0 3,124,266 1,267,183 16,776,783 31,551 32,971,982 15.6 6.3 78.1 0.1 100.0 2,139 961 3,160 39 42,091 34.0 15.2 60.2 0.6 100.0 1, 133, 807' 666,962 1, 956, 061 12,540 15,767,182 31.0 15.2 53.6 0.3 100.0 371,958 197,910 2, 033, 813 121, 159 5,607,862 13.7 7.3 74.6 4.4 100.0 1, 886, 427 2,361,897 3,463,688 29,959 16,532.439 24.4 30.5 44.7 0.4 100.0 4,440,861 3,536,031 10, 160, 928 231, 339 24^2 19.3 Incorporated company. . 65.3 1.2 Florida 60,298,290 . 100.0 ■ 609 498 308 3,219 43.1 35.1 21.8 100.0 4,768,229 6,627,932 21, .575, 821 13,5,211,551 14.6 20.1 65.4 100.0 8,306 14.761 19,024 92,749 19.7 35.1 45.2 100.0 2,672,872 4, 900, 357 8,193,9,33 27,392,442 16.9 31.1 52.0 100.0 831,945 1,484,493 3,291,424 12,206,634. 14.8 26.6 68.7 100.0 2,410,920 3,530,068 10,591,451 83,624,504 14.6 21.3 64.1 100.0 8,612,316 14, 446, 208 27,239,766 161,040,456 17.1 28.7 Incorporated company 3 . 54.2 100.0 1,401 8.V: 031 3 364 43.5 27.6 28.9 0.1 100.0 8, 664, 131 10,691,173 115,862,665 3,682 9,689,446 6.4 7.9 85.7 (>)■ 100.0 16,673 14, 998 62,077 1 3,061 16.9 16.2 66.9 W 100.0 4,634,368 16.9 4,482,924 ' 16.4 1,467,476 1,611,916 9,235,711 1,531 1,111,699 11.9 12.4 75.7 ■(') 100.0 6,924,700 7,445,673 69,253,742 380 4,068,623 8.3 8.9 82.8 100. 17,808,471 18, 250, 682 114, 976, 572 4,730 8,768,743 11.8 12.-1 Incorporated company . . 18,274,744 416 2,059,391 66.7 W 100.0 76.1 Idaho 100.0 170 85 105 4 14,921 46.7 23.4 28.8 1.1 100.0 995,968 1,006,198 7,676,119 11, 170 976,844,799 10.3 10.4 79.2 0.1 100.0 487 434 2,130 10 379, 436 15.9 14.2 69.6 0.3 100.0 312,117 272,333 1,469,941 5,000 208,406,468 15.2 13.2 71.4 0.2 100.0 146,072 135, 908 829,218 501 172,185,567 13.1 12.2 74.6 0.1 100.0 621,983 513,745 2, 910, 407 22,388 840,067,316 15.3 12.6 71.6 0.6 100.0 1,393,4SS 1,202,462 6, 136, 137 36,656 1,410,342,129 15.9 13.7 Incorporated company. . 70.0 0.4 Illinois 100.0 7,933 2,680 4,146 163 63.2 17.9 27 8 1.1 54, 568, 185 .50.2.54.743 870, 107,. 5!)'.) 854, 272 5.6 •5.1 89.2 0.1 44,663 37,983 296,610 280 11.7 10.0 78.2 0.1 22,996,433 19,123,509 166, 125, 367 , 160, 159 11.0 9.2 79.7 0.1 10,376,576 12,472,201 149,091,561 245,229 6.0 7.3 86.6 0.1 63,434,218 68,606,668 716, 158, 186 1,858,244 6.4 8.2 86.2 0.2 108, 126, 546 7.7 120,637,913 1 8.5 Incorporated company . . Miscellaneous 1,179,028,840 1 83.6 2,548,831 1 0.2 1 Less than one-tentli of 1 per cent. ' Includes 2 miscellaneous establishments, to avoid disclosing ipdividual operations. > Includes 1 miscellaneous estaWishment, to avoid disclosing individual oijerations. 494 MANUFACTURES. Table 8.— STOIMARY FOR ESTABLISHMENTS IN STATES AND TERRITORIES, BY CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP, WITH PER CENT IN EACH CLASS: 1905— Continued. STATE OR TEEBITOEY, AND CHARACTER OF OWNER- SHIP. Indian Territory. Individual Firm Incorporated company . Miscellaneous Indiana. Individual Firm Incorporated company . Miscellaneous Iowa. Individual Firm Incorporated company. . Miscellaneoua Kansas. Individual Firm Incorporated company . Miscellaneous Kentucky. Individual Firm Incorporated company . Miscellaneous Louisiana. Individual Firm Incorporated company . Miscellaneous Maine. Maryland. Individual , Firm Incorporated company . . Miscellaneous Massachusetts. Individual Firm Incoi*porated companj' Miscellaneous Michigan. Individual Firm Incorporated company.. Miscellaneoua Minnesota. Individual Firm Incorporated company . Miscellaneous . .\ Mississippi. Missom"i. ESTABLISH- MENTS. Num- ber. 466 250 116 96 4 7,044 3,481 1,594 1,915 54 4,783 2,308 1,088 1,041 348 2,475 1,409 688 454 24 3,734 1,907 958 862 7 2,091 Individual Firm Incorporated company . . Miscellaneous 1,003 383 700 5 3,145 1,736 708 671 30 3,852 2,242 953 650 7 10, 723 5,684 2,423 2,555 61 Individual Firm Incorporated company . . Miscellaneous Individual Firm Incorporated company . . M iscellaneous Montana. Individual Firm Incorporated company . Miscellaneou s 3,602 1,724 2,044 76 4,756 2,325 953 922 656 1,520 672 .396 447 5 6,464 3, 316 1,261 1,847 40 382 204 57 118 3 Per cent. 100.0 53.6 24.9 20.6 0.9 100.0 49.4 22.6 27.2 0.8 100.0 48.2 22.7 21.8 7.3 100.0 56.9 23.8 18.3 1.0 100.0 51.1 25.6 23.1 0.2 100.0 48.0 18.3 33.5 0.2 100.0 55.2 22.5 21.3 1.0 100.0 68.2 24.7 16.9 0.2 100.0 53.0 22.6 23.8 0.6 100.0 48.4 23.2 27.4 1.0 100.0 20.0 19.4 11.7 100.0 44.2 26.1 29.4 0.3 100.0 51.3 19.5 28.6 0.6 100.0 ,'i3.4 14.9 30.9 0.8 $5,016,654 817, 393 637, 498 3,649,513 12,250 312,071,234 21,394,400 20,066,495 269,118,751 1,491,588 111, 427, 429 10, 838, 149 13, 260, 872 85, 731, 122 1,697,286 88,680,117 8,727,962 7, 365, 691 72,625,816 70, 648 147,282,478 11, 935, 464 13,800,567 121,473,805 72,652 150,810,608 17,944,985 13,086,504 119,771,234 7,885 143, 707, 750 12,304,206 18,646,641 112,6.32,281 224, 622 201, 877, 966 16, 947, 624 33, 977, 148 150,869,094 84, 100 965, 948, 887 67,582,391 97,621,613 800,086,060 658, 823 337,894,102 26,087,801 31,511,260 279,999,061 295,980 184,903,271 16, 352, 626 14, 676, 699 150, 973, 434 2, 900, 512 50,256,309 4,809,270 5, 194, 509 40, 234, 930 17, 600 379,368,827 17,997,414 13, 471, 256 347, 453, 627 446, 530 62, 589, 810 978, 702 697, 172 60, 913, 936 Per cent. 100.0 16.3 10.7 72.8 0.2 100.0 6.9 6.4 100.0 9.7 11.9 77.0 1.4 lOD.O 81.8 0.1 100.0 8.1 9.4 82.5 P) 100,0 11.9 8.7 79.4 « 100.0 8.6 13.0 78.3 0.1 100.0 16.8 74.7 0.1 100.0 7.0 10.1 82.8 0.1 100.0 0.1 100.0 7.9 81.7 1.6 100.0 9.6 10.3 80.1 P) 100.0 4.7 3.6 91.6 0.1 100.0 1.9 1.3 96.8 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Average number. 2,257 527 375 1,350 5 164, 174 16, 426 12,976 124,317 455 49, 481 6,850 7,073 34, 942 616 35, 570 4, 345 2,819 28,348 58 59, 794 9,761 6,979 43,041 13 65,859 8,538 6,558 40.758 5 74,958 10, 290 11,422 63, 138 108 94, 174 15, 248 30,281 48,597 48 488,399 65,989 77, 494 364,711 205 175,229 20, 627 22,589 131, 894 219 69,636 9,589 9,233 49, 889 925 38,690 5,694 5,882 27, 085 29 133, 167 13,776 9,319 109, 821 251 8,957 710 370 7,877 Per cent. 100.0 23.4 16.6 59.8 0.2 100.0 10.7 8.4 80.6 0.3 100.0 13.8 14.3 70.6 1.3 100.0 12.2 7.9 79.7 0.2 100.0 16.3 11.7 72.0 « 100.0 15.3 11.7 73.0 o 100.0 13.7 16.2 70.9 0.2 100.0 16.2 32.2 51.6 W 100.0 11.5 15.9 72.6 m 100.0 11.7 12.9 75.3 0.1 100.0 13.8 13.3 71.6 1.3 100.0 14.7 15.2 70.0 0.1 100.0 Wages. $1, 144, 078 2S0, 074 194, 425 667, 009 2,670 72,058,099 7, 047, 981 5,396,796 59, 345, 357 267,765 22,997,053 3, 053, 178 2,981,931 16, 605, 234 354, 710 18,88.3,071 2,014,583 1,350,898 15, 494, 013 23,677 24,438,684 3, 745, 210 2, 657, 743 18,030,506 6,225 25,315,750 3,860,967 2, 707, 780 18, 745, 420 1,583 32, 691, 759 4,597,248 5,191,030 22,840,611 62, 970 36,144,244 6, 603, 412 10, 875, 709 19,648,263 16, 860 232,388,946 28, 182, 458 38, 390, 469 165, 707, 256 108, 763 81,278,837 9,324,614 10, 372, 689 61, 481, 426 100, 108 35, 843, 145 Per cent. 100. 24.5 17.0 58.3 0.2 100.0 7.5 82.3 0.4 100.0 13.3 13.0 72.2 1.5 100.0 10.7 7.2 82.0 0.1 100.0 15.3 10.9 73.8 « 100.0 15.3 10.7 74.0 « 100.0 14 15.9 0.2 100.0 15.5 30.1 54.4 O 100.0 12.1 16.5 71.3 0.1 100.0 11.5 12.8 76.6 0.1 100.0 4, 874, 113 4, 465, 777 25,921,784 581, 471 14,819,034 2,130,070 2,101,243 10,577,041 10,680 66,644,126 10.3 7.0 82.5 0.2 100.0 7.9 4.1 B8.0 6, 473, 657 4, 192, 362 55,853,394 124, 713 8,632,217 505, 036 285, 251 7,861^30 13.6 12.5 72.3 1.6 100.0 14.4 14.2 71.4 100.0 9.7 6.3 83.8 0.2 100.0 5.8 3.3 90.9 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Amount. 12, 539 166, 566 76, 477 248,976 520 46,682,613 2, 676, 356 2, 257, 108 41, 649, 637 99, 392 12, 152, 888 1,317,524 1, 801, 238 8,827,976 206, 150 8, 870, 460 947,019 786,091 7, 125, 579 11, 771 20, 530, 852 2, 019, 566 1, 615, 020 16,886,518 9, 748 16,047,105 1,665,816 1,571,008 12,803,315 6,966 12, 485, 167 10.4 9.8 79.8 « 100.0 1,339,743 2,276,194 8,841,218 28, 012 21,904,752 2,385,197 6, 141, 763 13,352,099 25,693 93,840,185 9, 715, 494 13, 410, 150 70,338,641 176, 900 46,012,191 3,705,998 4,226,804 38, 032, 404 46,985 24,493,840 2,647.346 2,084,462 19,493,839 268, 193 5,855,767 872, 158 978, 459 4,002,559 2,591 49,522,457 .3,058,084 1,955,542 44,396,168 112, 663 4,052,081 164, 325 103, 440 3,781,979 2,337 Per cent. 100. 33.8 15.5 50.6 0.1 100.0 5.7 4.9 89.2 0.2 100.0 10.9 14.8 72.6 1.7 100.0 10.7 8.9 80.3 0.1 100.0 7.9 82.3 100.0 10.7 18.3 70.8 0.2 100.0 10.9 28.0 61.0 0.1 100.0 10.3 14.3 75.2 0.2 100.0 8.0 9.2 82.7 0.1 100.0 79.6 1.1 100.0 14.9 16.7 68.4 O 100.0 6.2 4.0 89.6 0.2 100. C 4.1 2.S 93.3 0.1 COST or MATE- RIALS OSED. Amount. $4,848,646 809, 440 601, 622 3,436,812 872 220,507,007 20,444,677 23,099,200 176,508,678 454,452 102,843,892 10, 394, 878 76, 458, 133 6,142,052 156, 509, 949 10,584,825 12, 775, 428 132. 967, 196 '182,500 86,646,464 10, 621, 203 13, 138, 122 62,773,837 12, 302 117,035,305 12.3 15.2 72.6 (') 100.0 14, 626, 113 14,618,004 87,888,092 80,042,090 12.5 12.4 76.1 O 100.0 9,812,322 12, 222, 111 67,805,086 202,671 150,024,066 18,863,184 35,508,098 95,536,523 116, 261 626, 410, 431 67, 326, 296 106, 782, 612 451,698,416 703, 107 230,080,931 25,088,723 28,965,898 175,026,846 1,000,464 210,653,949 21,596,789 17, 786, 921 163,157,347 8,012,892 25,800,885 2,315,312 2, 342, 541 21, 124, 147 18,885 252,258,417 16, 528, 736 14, 365, 440 220, 934, 783 439, 458 40,930,060 754, 727 511,655 39, 663, 778 ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Per cent. 100.0 16.7 12.4 70.9 « 100.0 9.3 10.5 80.0 0.2 100.0 9.6 10.1 74.3 6.0 100.0 6.8 8.2 84.9 0.1 100.0 12.3 16.3 72.2 0.2 100.0 12.6 23.6 63.7 0.1 100.0 10.8 17.0 72.1 0.1 100.0 10.9 12.6 76.1 0.4 100.0 10.3 8.4 77.6 3.8 100.0 9.0 9.1 81.9 « 100.0 6.6 6.7 87.6 0.2 100.0 1.8 1.3 96.9 VALUE OF PROD- UCTS, INCLUDING CUSTOM "WORK AND REPAIRING. Amount. $7, 909, 451 1, 707, 242 1,145,202 6,051,867 5,140 393,954,405 38, 193, 241 37,223,913 317,481,228 1,056,023 160,572,313 18, 177, 968 18, 986, 724 116,246,685 7,161,036 198, 244, 992 16, 224, 123 17,218,989 164,563,576 236, 304 159, 753, 968 21, 116, 481 21,654,160 117,046,726 36, 601 186,379,692 26,046,838 22, 339, 261 138,977,223 16, 270 144,020,197 19, 168, 440 22, 927, 394 101, 576, 164 349,209 243,375,996 32,833,690 62,622,809 147,744,248 175,249 1,124,092,061 127, 500, 985 184, 869, 987 810,543,002 1,178,077 429,120,060 47,121,641 52, 523, 806 328, 185, 756 1,288,857 307,858,073 35,226,663 29,187,081 234,013.794 9,430;636 67, 451, 445 7, 597, 544 7,639,517 42, 169, 292 45, 092 439,548,957 33,642,863 25, 535, 217 379, 405, 293 965,584 66, 415, 452 1,892,491 1, 150, 688 63,369,703 2,570 Per cent. 100.0- 21. ft 14.5 63.9 o 100. a 9.7 9.4 80.6 0.3 100.0- 11.3 ■ ll.S 72.4 4.& 100. 8.2 8.7 83.0 0.1 100.0- 13.2 13.5- 73.3 C) 100. » 13.4 12.0 74.6 O 100.0- 13.3 15.9 70.5 0.3 100. a 13.5 25.7 60.7 0.1 100. a 11.3 16.5- 72.1 0.1 100. 11.0 12.2 76.5 - 0.3 100. a 11.4 9.& 76.0 3.1 100. & 13.2 13.3 73.4 0.1 100.0 7.7 5.8 86.3 0.2 100.0 2.9 1.7 96.4 GENEEAL TABLES. 495 Table 8.— SUMMARY FOR ESTABLISHMENTS IN STATES AND TERRITORIES, BY CHARACTER OP OWNERSHIP, WITH PER CENT IN EACH CLASS: 1905— Continued. STATE OTt TERRITORY, AND CHARACTER OF OWNER- SHIP. ESTABLISH- MENTS. CAPITAL. WAGE-EARNEES AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. COST OF MATE- R14.L3 USED. VALUE OF PROD- UCTS, INCLUDING CU.STOM WORK ' AND REPAIRING. Num- ber. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. Average number. Per cent. Wages. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. Amoimt. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. Nebraska 1,819 100.0 $80,235,310 100.0 20,260 100.0 811,022,149 100.0 $8,490,360 100.0 $124,051,628 100.0 1154,918,220 100 1,074 367 359 19 115 59.0 20.2 19.7 1.1 100.0 5,020,689 4, 047, 394 71,118,086 49, 141 2,891,997 6.3 5.0 88.6 0.1 100.0 2 727 l!670 15, 844 19 802 13.5 8.2 78.2 0.1 100.0 1,326,053 815, 130 8,871,796 ' 9, 171 693,407 12.0 7.4 80.6 0.1 100.0 586, 116 332, 163 7,565,178 6,903 184,900 6.9 3.9 89.1 0.1 100.0 6,120,867 4, 665, 247 114, 167, 254 98,260 1,627,776 4.1 3.8 92.0 0.1 100.0 9,050,696 7,113,867 138,623,975 129,682 3,096,274 6.8 Finn 4 6 Incorporated company . . Miscellaneous 89.5 1 Nevada 100 Individual. 52 26 34 3 1,618 45.2 22.6 29.6 2.6 100.0 412, 149 163,602 2,290,076 36,170 109,495,072 14.3 5.3 79.2 1.2 100.0 123 62 604 13 65,366 16.4 7.7 76.3 1.6 100.0 111,682 62,846 515, 626 13,253 27,693,203 16.1 7.6 74.4 1.9 100.0 50,217 22,163 110,365 2,165 9,006,821 27.1 12.0 59.7 1.2 100.0 252, 326 69,064 1,263,783 42,603 73,216,387 15.5 4.3 77.6 2.6 100.0 663,796 241,614 2,220,209 70,665 123,610,904 18.2 Firm 7 8 Incorporated company .. Miscellaneous 71.7 2 3 100 894 370 338 16 7,010 56.2 22.9 20.9 1.0 100.0 8,894,724 12,187,772 88, 351, 2.10 61,326 715,060,174 8.1 11.1 80.7 0.1 100.0 7,593 10,036 47,712 26 266,336 11.6 15.4 73.0 100.0 3,611,241 4,314,928 19,852,954 14,080 128,168,801 12.7 15.6 71.7 « 100.0 1,123,464 1, 437, 084 6,434,978 11, 295 66,552,681 12.5 16.0 71.4 0.1 100.0 7,101,308 13,031,051 52,793,594 290, 434 470,449,176 9.7 17.8 72.1 0.4 100.0 13,882,206 21, 226, 160 88,159,093 343,446 774,369,025 11.2 Firm- 17 2 Incorporated company . . Miscellaneous New Jersey 71..'J 0.3 100.0 Individual Firm 3,944 1,220 1,834 12 199 56.2 17.4 26.2 0.2 100.0 44,049,952 62,242,672 618,732,865 34,685 4,638,248 6.2 7.3 86.5 m 100.0 30,994 40,235 195,058 49 3,478 11.6 15.1 73.3 C) 100.0 .14,616,200 17,784,903 95,747,244 20,464 2,153,068 11.4 13.9 74.7 « 100.0 4,702,861 7,224,200 54,608,283 17,337 428,546 7.1 10.9 82.0 W 100.0 36,026,400 51,423,794 382,966,392 32,590 2,235,934 7.7 10.9 81.4 m 100.0 67,280,922 89,762,612 617,236,276 89,216 6,705,880 8.7 11.6 Incorporated company , . Miscellaneous 79.7 W 100.0 109 37 53 37,194 64.8 18.6 26.6 100.0 497,722 186,862 3,963,664 2,031,459,515 10.7 4.0 85.3 100.0 255 119 3,104 856,947 7.3 3.4 89.3 100.0 149,662 66,540 1,936,866 430,014,851 6.9 3.1 90.0 100.0 38,496 29,615 360,635 301,575,788 9.0 6.9 84.1 100.0 380,623 109,131 1,746,180 1,348,603,286 17.0 4.9 78.1 iflo.n 761,825 298,455 4,645,600 2,488,345,579 13.4 5 2 Incorporated company 2 . 81.4 100.0 22,081 8,737 6,086 290 3,272 59.4 23.5 16.3 0.8 100.0 222,834,438 305,673,026 1,500,244,632 2,707,419 141,000,639 11.0 15.0 73.9 0.1 100.0 186,317 214,620 464,396 1,714 85,339 21.8 25.0 53.0 0.2 100.0 91,662,810 104,734,180 232,702,220 915,641 21,375,294 21.3 24.4 64.1 0.2 100.0 44,674,638 74,146,807 182,331,587 422,766 17,952,050 14.8 24.6 60.5 0.1 100.0 227,152,811 362,681,580 764,448,277 4,320,618 79,268,004 16.9 26.9 55.9 0.3 100.0 443,142,687 641,741,427 1,306,924,211 6,537,254 142,620,776 17.8 25.8 Incorporated company . . 56.1 0.3 100.0 1,425 956 879 12 507 43.5 29.2 26.9 0.4 100.0 8,407,936 9,424,112 123,148,376 20,215 5,703,837 6.0 6.7 87.3 m 100.0 10,184 9,187 65,954 14 1,765 11.9 10.8 77.3 W 100.0 2,763,084 2,434,756 16,172,693 4,757 1,031,307 12.9 11.4 75.7 100.0 1,264,769 1,539,020 15,143,073 6,188 609,880 7.0 8.6 84.4 (■) 100.0 7,169,147 7,883,253 64,189,989 35,615 7,095,986 9.0 10.0 81.0 0) 100.0 14,318,319 14,629,671 113,510,110 62,776 10,217,914 10.1 Firm 10 3 Incorporated company. . Misf^P'lft'np'^llH 79.6 100.0 North. Dakota Individual..... 295 91 81 40 13,785 68.2 17.9 16.0 7.9 100.0 1,503,657 994,705 3,071,269 134,206 856,988,830 26.4 17.4 53.8 2.4 100.0 566 331 826 33 364,298 32.2 18.8 47.1 1.9 100.0 328,374 199,252 480,761 22,920 182,429,425 31.9 19.3 46.6 2.2 100. d 119,755 86,896 297,818 6,411 102,704,746 23.5 16.8 58.4 1.3 100.0 1,600,480 1,638,634 3,738,882 218,090 627,636,585 21.1 23.1 62.7 3.1 100.0 2,546,426 2,264,146 5,146,817 260,527 960,811,857 24 9 Firm 22.2 Incorporated company . . Miscellaneous . . . 50.4 2 5 100.0 6,590 3,002 4,008 185 657 47.8 21.8 29.1 1.3 100.0 43,282,927 66,843,668 766,136,344 725,891 11,107,763 5.1 6.6 88.2 0.1 100.0 36,980 38,519 288,691 208 3,199 10.1 10.6 79.2 0.1 100.0 16,536,209 17,327,594 148,452,627 113,096 1,666,324 9.1 9.5 81.4 W 100.0 6,376,875 11,972,174 84,114,649 241,048 979,016 6.2 11.7 81.9 0.2 100.0 39,884,297 64,673,728 432,286,281 792,279 11,545,306 7.6 10.4 81.9 0.1 100.0 80,034,354 101,947,038 777,392,416 1,438,049 16,649,666 8.3 Firm 10.6 Incorporated company . . Miscellaneous 80.9 0.2 ©Mahoma.. 100.0 Individual 335 126 146 1,602 58.6 19.2 22.2 100.0 1,427,066 918,573 8,762,124 44,023,548 12.8 8.3 78.9 100.0 862 321 2,016 18,523 27.0 10.0 63.0 100.0 421,160 162,495 1,071,669 11,443,512 25.5 9.8 64.7 100.0 129,241 69,496 780,279 4,185,595 13.2 7.1 79.7 100.0 1,376,920 1,138,478 9,029,908 30,696,763 11.9 9.9 78.2 100.0 2,466,212 1,734,167 12,349,277 66,525,123 14.9 10.6 Incorporated company 3 . 74.6 100.0 746 439 409 8 23,495 46.6 27.4 25.5 0.5 100.0 6,020,530 4,234,361 33,762,891 15,766 1,995,836,988 13.7 9.6 76.7 « 100.0 2,919 2,559 13,037 8 763,282 15.8 13.8 70.4 Q) 100.0 1,792,120 1,530,367 8,116,648 6,477 367,960,890 15.7 13.4 70.9 « 100.0 643,987 493,610 3,043,083 4,915 167,267,247 15.4 11.8 72.7 0.1 100.0 4,128,032 3,622,742 22,856,965 90,024 1,142,942,707 13.5 11.5 74.7 0.3 100.0 8,414,059 6,972,525 40,034,288 104,251 1,965,561,332 15.1 Firm 12.6 Incorporated company . . Miscellaneous 72.1 0.2 100.0 13,616 5,144 4,540 196 1,617 58.0 21.9 19.3 0.8 100.0 158,674,106 234,972,384 1,600,923,879 1,266,619 216,901,375 7.9 11.8 80.2 0.1 100.0 106,647 145,446 510,711 679 97,318 14.0 19.0 66.9 0.1 100.0 44,174,444 62,785,734 260,670,6,52 330,060 43,112,637 12.0 17.1 70.8 0.1 100.0 19,841,944 28,254,392 119,039,294 131,617 14,623,430 11.8 16.9 71.2 0.1 100.0 120,197,594 178,698,387 841,561,864 2,484,862 112,872,261 10.5 15.7 73.6 0.2 100.0 226,900,537 322,330,429 1,403,081,867 3,238,509 202,109,583 11.6 Firm 16.6 Incorporated company. . 71.7 0.2 100.0 754 347 S12 4 1,399 46.6 21.5 31.7 0.2 100.0 12,007,200 14,739,602 189,160,973 3,600 113,422,224 5.6 6.8 87.6 « 100.0 8,868 11,663 76,803 4 59,441 9.1 12.0 78.9 « 100.0 4,205,906 6,061,925 33,841,190 3,616 13,868,960 9.8 11.7 .78.5 W 100.0 1,532,054 1,417,960 11,669,771 3,645 6,013,241 10.5 9.7 79.8 100.0 9,451,887 15,742,941 87,676,273 1,160 49,968,626 8.4 13.9 77.7 « 100.0 18,576,416 26,198,561 158,322,601 12,005 79,376,262 9.2 Firm 12.5 Incorporated company . . Miscellaneous 78.3 W 100.0 672 256 464 7 48.0 18.3 33.2 0.5 3,559,660 1,834,111 108,007,355 21,108 3.2 1.6 95.2 (?) 5,172 2,746 61,610 14 8.7 4.6 86.7 « 1,266,433 655,748 11,943,494 3,276 9.2 4.7 86.1 « 459,442 282,826 5,264,014 6,959 7.7 4.7 87.5 0.1 2,628,999 1,338,768 46,094,878 6,981 5.1 2.7 92.2 « 5,764,439 3,090,494 70,493,378 27,951 7.3 3.9 Incorporated company... Miscellaneous 88.8 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. ' Includes 2 miscellaneous establishments, to avoid disclosing individual operations. » Includes 1 miscellaneous establishment, to avoid disclosing individual operations. 496 MANUFACTURES. Table 8.— SUiMARY FOR ESTABLISHMENTS IN STATES AND TERRITORIES, BY CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP, WITH PER CENT IN EACH CLASS: 1905— Continued. STATE OE TERRITORY, AND CHARACTER OF OWNER- EST^r.I.ISH- M£..rs. CAPITAL. WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. COST OF MATS- RIALS USED. VALUE OF PROD- UCTS, INCLUDING CUSTOM WORK AND REPAIRING. Num- , Per Ler. 1 cent. Amount. Per ceijt. Average num per. Per cent. Wages. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. Amount. •Per cent. Amount. Per cent. Eouth Dakota . ^ 6S6 100.0 S7, .585, 142 100.0 2,492 100.0 $1,421,680 100.0 $833,360 100.0 $8,696,831 100.0 $13,085,333 100,0 Individual 376 125 112 73 3,175 64.8 18.2 16.3 10.7 100.0 1,899,842 1,2/8,773 4,089,943 316,584 102,439,481 26.0 16.9 63.9 4.2 100.0 816 452 1,145 79 60,672 32.7 18.1 46.0 3.2 100. 429,693 230,616 690,011 61,660 22,803,628 30.2 17.6 48.6 3.6 100.0 219,264 144, .561 440,503 29,032 12,090,099 26.3 17.3 52.9 3.5 100.0 1,848,508 1,939,493 4,060,036 848,794 79,351,746 21.2 22.3 46.7 9.8 100.0 3,222,105 2,842,062 6,003,547 1,017,629 137,960,476 24,6 21.7 Incorporate! company... 45.9 7.8 100.0 1,.345 1,035 785 10 3,168 42.4 32.6 24.7 0.3 100.0 9,773,314 13,216,591 79,415,661 34,925 115,664,871 9.6 12.9 77.5 « 100.0 8,717 9,793 42,049 13 49,066 14.4 16.2 69.4 (') 100.0 3,126,962 3,449,519 16,225,957 3,190 24,468,942 13.7 15.1 71.2 w 100.0 1,436,377 1,702,365 8,944,920 6,447 12,216,472 11.9 14.1 74.0 W 100.0 9,062,973 13,354,221 66,923,652 10,900 91,603,630 11.4 16.8 71.8 « 100.0 17,339,985 23,300,353 87,285,799 34,339 160,528,389 12.6 16.9 Incorporated company... 70.5 100.0 1,6/6 629 8.39 14 606 63.1 19.9 26.6 0.4 inn.n 9,717,838 7,285,886 88,328,088 333,069 26,004,011 8.4 6.3 85.0 0.3 100.0 7,320 4,792 36,905 49 8,052 14.9 9.8 76.2 0.1 100.0 3,297,312 2, .338, 462 18,809,091 24,087 5,157,400 13.5 9.5 76.9 0.1 100.0 1,472,051 1,041,482 9,663,224 38,715 1,466,707 12.1 8.6 79,1 0.3 100.0 7,506,443 7,279,961 76,466,763 351,463 24,939,827 8.2 7.9 83.5 0.4 100.0 16,408,988 13,525,663 120,133,146 460,592 38,926,464 10.9 Firm 9.0 Incorporated company... 79.8 0.3 Utah 100.0 2i7 42. 4 135 22. 3 203 33.5 11 1.8 1,699 'lOO.O 980,531 920,735 23,926,933 176,812 62,658,741 3,8 3.6 92.0 0.7 100.0 764 634 6,544 110 33,106 9.6 7.9 81.3 1.3 100.0 444,269 341,691 4,238,482 83,088 15,221,069 8,6 6,6 83,2 1,6 100,0 147,368 104,002 1,138,323 76,014 4,923,366 10.0 7.1 77.7 5.2 100,0 986,719 1,018,887 22,8.50,897 83,324 32,429,852 4.0 4.1 91.6 0.3 100.0 2,002,8.58 1,844,084 34,765,630 313,992 63,083,611 5.2 4.7 Incorporated company... 89.3 0.8 100.0 Individual .... 833 449 309 108 3,187 49.0 26.4 18.2 6.4 100.0 7,889,688 8,641,720 45,868,186 369,147 147,989,182 12.6 13.6 73.2 0.6 100.0 6,882 6,616 20,644 164 80,235 17.8 19.7 62.0 0.5 100.0 2,735,631 3,2S6,016 9,035,611 93,911 27,943,058 18.1 21.6 69.7 0.6 100.0 932, 108 802,362 3,149,319 39,677 14,403,382 18.9 16.3 64.0 0.8 100.0 6,182,988 6,799,044 18,008,966 2,438,865 83,649,149 19.1 17.9 65.5 7.5 100.0 12,027,326 12,047,420 36,373,692 2,635,273 148,856,525 19.1 19.1 Incorporated comp.iny... Miscellaneous . . 67.6 4.2 Virginia 100.0 1,596 874 702 15 2,751 60.1 27.4 22.0 0.5 100.0 9,929,964 11,643,400 124,727,978 1,687,840 96,962,621 6.7 7.9 81.3 1.1 100.0 10,323 9,892 59,735 3.35 46,199 12.9 12.3 74.4 0.4 100.0 3,220,346 3,074,834 21,493,403 154,475 30,087,287 11.6 11.0 76.9 0,6 100,0 1,621,641 1,412,177 11,440,826 28,738 11,034,760 10.6 9.8 79.4 0.2 100.0 9,399,330 12,506,702 61,443,831 299,286 66,166,165 11.2 14.9 73.6 0.4 100.0 17,767,726 20,693,382 109,546,390 849,028 128,821,667 11.9 Firm 13.9 Incorporated company... 73.6 0.6 Washington 100.0 Individual 1,1S4 617 926 24 2,109 43.0 22.4 33.7 0.9 100.0 7,139,121 6,432,179 83,301,031 80,290 86,820,823 7.4 6.6 85.9 0.1 100.0 6,032 5,020 34,107 40 43,768 13.3 11.1 75.6 0.1 100.0 4,143,510 3,445,061 22,466,394 32,322 21,153,042 13,8 11,4 74.7 0.1 100.0 1,1.52,745 906,008 8, 961', 645 14,352 8,266,716 10.6 8.2 81.2 0.1 100.0 6,595,548 4,9,51,116 56,419,630 199,971 54,419,206 8.4 7.5 83.8 0.3 100.0 13,6.51,438 11,655,995 103,215,882 298,352 99,040,676 10.6 Firm Incorporate! company... Miscellaneous 9.1 80.1 0.2 100.0 920 542 638 9 8, 553 43.6 25.7 30.3 0.4 1(10 n 6,286,515 6,784,409 74,103,4.59 646,440 412,647,051 6.1 7.8 85.4 0.7 100.0 4,922 3,. 5.56 35,063 215 161,391 11.3 8,1 80.1 0.5 100,0 2,240,679 1,674,,541 17,046,626 191,196 71,471,803 10.6 7.9 80.6 0.9 100.0 946,195 808,617 6,436,913 25,991 45,674,156 11.4 9.8 78.5 0.3 100.0 4,494,077 5,188,054 44,511,690 226,485 227,255,092 8.3 9.5 81.8 0.4 100.0 10,014,225 9,567,940 78,961,053 517,458 411,139,681 10.1 Firm 9.7 Incorporated company... Miscellaneous 79.7 5 Individual . 4,418 l,.n57 l,9il 602 169 61.6 18.2 23.2 7.0 100.0 24,462,002 SO,. 323, 418 3:6,069,269 1,802,362 2,695,889 5.9 7.4 86.3 0.4 100.0 16,224 15,. 391 119,697 1,079 1,834 10,0 10.2 79.1 0.7 100.0 6,9,35,610 7,247,812 66,651,866 636,517 1,261,122 9.7 10.1 79.3 0.9 100.0 2,831,918 3,2:2,101 39,416,574 213,563 420,597 6.2 7.0 86.3 0.6 100.0 26,247,177 31,002,468 162,711,921 7,293,626 1,300,773 11.6 13.6 71.6 3.2 100.0 43,609,849 48,031,872 310,912,592 8,586,368 3,523,260 10 6 Incorporated company... MiscellaneoQS ... 76.6 2 1 Wyoming 100.0 86 28 65 60.9 16.6 32.6 368,128 137,171 2,190,690 13.6 5.1 81.3 146 47 1,641 7.9 2.6 89.6 9 5,, 347 2ri,666 1,136,109 7.6 2.3 90.1 38,402 19,984 362,211 9.1 4.8 86.1 270,812 114,862 915,099 20.8 8.8 70.4 666,377 216,, 525 2,751,358 15.8 6.1 78.1 Firm Incorporated company » . 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 3 Includes 1 miscellaneous eatabliahment, to avoid disclosing Individual operation*. GENERAL TABLES. 497 Table 9.— ESTABLISHMENTS AND PRODUCTS, GROUPED BY CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES : 1905. [In this table values have been omitted wherever they disclosed the products of individual establishments.] Qroup 1.— FOOD AND KINURBD PBODUCTS. ' INDUSTRY. United States . Beet sugar Bread and other t)akery products. Butter Butter, reworking Canning and preserving, fish Num- ber oJ lish- ments. 45,790 $2,845,234,900 Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables . Canning and preserving, oysters Cheese Chocolate and cocoa products Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding Condensed mUlc Confectionery Cordials and sirups Flavoring extracts Flour and grist mill products Food preparations. Glucose Lard, refined Oleomargarine Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling . Pickles, preserves, and sauces Rice, cleaning and polishing Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale Slaughtering, wholesale, not including meat pac!dng. Sugar and molasses, refining Vinegar and cider .' . . 51 18,227 5,235 35 373 2,261 69 3,610 25 421 81 1,348 63 377 10,051 766 9 9 14 30 528 74 292 559 370 344 568 Value of products. 24,393,794 269,609,061 118,520,999 7,271,086 26,377,210 78,142,022 3,986,239 29,138,100 14,389,699 84,188,391 20.523,690 87,087, 263 3,509,758 7,772,070 713,033,395 61,180,416 24,566,932 6,128,601 5,573,725 7,260,810 29,696,287 16,296,916 S, 122, 904 801,757,137 112,157,487 277,285,449 7,265,469 INDIVIDUAL. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 28,268 1467,281,987 15,761 1,627 8 138 958 24 2,189 2 133 1 659 28 184 4,773 336 7 259 9 213 217 142 388 Value of products. 149,171,248 26,581,605 1,781,933 2,487,855 10,769,880 904,171 17,3.32,714 1,464,935 8,733,091 17,163,838 5.34,038 1,306,599 133,027,165 7,972,538 434, 381 4, 400, 971 1,112,434 4,246,363 29,164,696 24,678,364 13.332,046 1,630,959 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. ;,848 S415,080,749 1,976 810 8 85 603 22 475 6 118 6 305 16 91 3,533 169 1 1 4 129 7 63 122 99 90 109 Value of products. 33,463,874 17,478,932 1,123,833 6,247,413 14,818,835 1,330,694 4,807,668 3,291,603 33,480,622 17,120,932 1,303,768 149,622,028 4,491,551 INCOKPORATED COMPANY. Num- ber of estab- lisli- ments. 6,196 81,930,717,140 194, 492 10,706,232 873,291 1,790,955 28,710,756 41,098,899 1,354,244 61 483 1,047 18 150 23 264 17 170 74 384 19 101 1,732 258 9 4 13 19 140 58 16 229 53 112 71 Value of products. 24,393,794 86,696,177 38,656,692 17,641,942 51,978,020 1,761,374 2,602,312 9,633,261 41,974,778 20,161,534 62,802,483 1,671,962 4,466,277 429,736,098 48,689,227 24,566,932 5,943,911 6,631,937 14,689,084 14,311,191 2,086,586 743,881,785 48,003,975 223,854,504 4,280,266 MISCELLANEOUS. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 7 1,751 1 20 "682' Value of products. 842,156,024 378,762 35,904,770 676,287 '4; 395^566 748,104 27,100 Group 2 XEXTII^ES. United States 17,042 $2,147,441,418 A-wnings, tents, and sails Bags, other than paper Belting and hose, linen Carpets and rugs, other than rag. Carpets, rag Cloth, sponging and reflnishing. Clothing, horse Clothing, men's Clothing, men's, buttonholes Clothing, women's Collars and cuffs Cordage and twine. . Corsets Cotton goods Cotton small wares. Cotton waste Dyeing and finishing textiles . Felt goods Flags and banners Flax and hemp, dressed Furnishing goods, men's Hammocks Hand knit goods - - Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool . Hats, felt Hats, wool Hosiery and knit goods . Jute and Jute goods Tyinen goods Mats and matting Millinery and lace goods Nets and seines Oakum Oilcloth and linoleum, floor. Oilcloth, enameled Regalia and society banners and emblems. Shirts Shoddy Silk and silk goods Upholstering materials Wool pulling... Wool .scouring.. Woolen goods . . Worsted goods. 390 79 20 139 363 55 29 4,504 141 3,361 44 102 109 1,077 77 41 S60 39 31 17 503 14 65 415 216 17 1,079 16 15 12 860 12 6 16 11 140 641 97 624 236 34 27 792 226 11,269,170 37,399,087 2,8.36,699 61,586,433 1,918,286 1,052,5)39 2,139,496 365,796,571 700,168 247,661,560 12,687,277 48,017,139 14,862,081 442,451,218 8,016,486 8,343,328 50,849,646 8,948,694 864,692 346,9;i3 36,444,305 446,815 518,316 12.955,490 36; 629, 363 2,457,266 136,558,139 9,065,802 6,866,388 1,242,996 60,777,768 1,724,912 361,198 10,388,237 4,404,009 4,753,266 50,971,105 8,406,425 133,288,072 12,677,510 881,706 1,052,909 142,196,658 165,745,062 7,726 $277,173,1 245 26 6 44 262 30 10 2,728 120 1,600 10 26 44 96 18 16 110 4 19 3 209 3 53 222 92 338 3 432 4 2 3 84 284 40 142 91 236 43 21,000 14,352,907 135,150 860,032 7,980,887 1,570,316 6,177 1,364 21 1,428 16 10 21 100 17 11 85 4 6 6 186 6 11 171 7 263 $601,907,022 2,026,099 132,688 461,465 19,624,950 11,110,638 323 1 1 3 1 26 2.39 30 166 63 11 6 202 62 4,748,968 109,737 17,690,846 508,402 386,612 79 (.985 197,932,448 130,797 128,447,083 3,063,078 819,956 6,665,306 982,780 1,256,393 1,209,010 20.?, 51 6 106,682 20,430,463 250,401 8,183,369 12,028,079 586,770 29,204,005 360,000 26,068,989 1,082,489 581,941 29,371,361 3,008,583 29,836,535 3,006,985 160,082 25,394,317 4,122 $1,268,045,946 11 420 319 18 67 44 880 42 14 163 31 6 6 1 22 56 4 475 13 16 6 106 7 3 10 10 30 118 27 316 82 10 14 362 131 4,073, .539 30,340,974 2,446,264 35,976,868 280,302 247,268 1,146,922 46,168,946 9,010,450 46,154,067 8,729,891 411,418,181 6,508,126 6,304,396 41,677,484 7,437,379 472,172 169,661 10,651,724 179,724 1,. 668, 279 20,182,680 1,012,348 86,303,316 9,000,609 5,866, 1588 861,996 , 10,365,872 1,696,557 303,. 11 8 ■ 9,170,598 3,321,293 13,618,857 3,827,527 92,403,120 7,644,426 462,236 431,362 102,127,113 129,240,097 $314,770 25,165 MFG — PT 1 — 07^ 32 498 MANUFACTURES. Table 9.— ESTABLISHMENTS AND PRODUCTS, GROUPED BY CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. [In this table values have been omitted wherever they disclosed the products of individual establishments.] Group 3.— IRON ANI» SXEEI. ANB THEIR PKODITCTS. United States Cash registers and calculating machines Cutlery and edge tools Files Firearms Foundry and machine shop products Gas machines and meters Hardware Hardware, saddlery Horseshoes Iron and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in rolling mills or steel works Iron and steel, doors and shutters Iron and steel forgings Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, in- cluding wire nails, not made in rolling mills or steel works Iron and steel pipe, wrought Iron and steel, steel works and rolhng mills Locomotives Ordnance and ordnance stores Pens, steel Safes and vaults , Saws Scales and balances Screws, machine Screws, wood Sewing machines and attachments Springs, steel, car and carriage Steam fittings and heating apparatus Stencils and brands Stoves and furnaces, not including gas and oil stoves. Stoves, gas and oil Structural ironwork Tin and terne plate Tools, not elsewhere specified Typewriters and supplies Vault lights and ventilators Wire Wirework, including wire rope and cable Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 14,239 32 254 62 30 8,993 89 445 82 24 138 76 27 415 15 4 6 31 85 26 7 46 52 176 103 415 79 775 24 25 649 $2,176,739,726 Value of products. 9,875,099 18,614,929 4,391,745 8,275,660 685,901,388 5,630,975 45,770,171 4,820,726 798,981 231,822,707 14,687,108 1,477,235 12,110,396 8,922,896 17,400,912 673,966,026 59,552.092 557,903 473, 847 7,861,069 9, 819, 787 6, 002, 638 2,711,600 2, 133, 844 20, 869, 870 5,740,836 24, 910, 867 793, 421 64, 409, 108 7,723,697 90, 944, 697 36,283,360 20, 407, 372 10, 640, 496 484, 466 37,914,419 33,038,495 INDIVIDUAL. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 4,905 26 5 3,233 26 149 39 1 4 32 27 3 1 10 13 37 77 81 17 337 1 294 12 14 Value of products. $96,806,114 21, 656 657,740 138,883 101,841 59,461,341 597,917 3,387,786 760,046 3, 662, 126 259, 498 146,602 482, 493 1,024,301 1,693,223 290, 640 37, 460 115, 397 452, 967 1, 644, 462 405,609 2, 666, 869 377, 621 10,336,356 1, 977, 453 407, 105 132,980 3, 326, 695 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 2,923 3 66 17 3 2,017 16 78 23 21 145 1 126 6 3 150 Value of products. $128,684,651 46, 527 1,996,867 413, 505 1,554,034 60,289,966 848,802 486,905 'i,'742,'4i4 942,682 840,596 2,661,989 612, 936 477, 361 227, 865 32,204 156, 879 986, 240 168, 810 3, 999, 756 610, 464 9,974,646 3, 621, 534 299,846 239,350 604, 678 3,347,959 INCOEPORATED COMPANY. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 6,398 26 120 19 22 3,734 217 20 7 182 36 23 385 13 4 4 ■ 21 33 33 113 8 274 41 293 34 164 46 4 22 200 Value of products. $1,961,501,890 9, 806, 916 15,960,322 3,839,357 6,619,685 565,916,629 4,184,256 39,371,373 3,673,776 226, 518, 168 13,485,028 889,933 10,787,306 6,903,910 14,738,923 666,630,620 557,903 7,280,951 8,507,992 6,234,637 2, 446, 285 20,722,269 6,131,000 22, 280, 156 229,002 47,742,483 6, 736, 612 70, 633, 695 14, 808, 385 9,933,646 112, 136 37, 309, 741 26, 363, 841 MISCELLANEOUS. Num- ber of estab- Msh- ments. Value of products. $748,071 233,463 Oroup 4.— IjllJTrBEK AND ITS REMANUFACTURES. United States Artificial limbs ^ Baskets, and rattan and willow ware Billiard tables and materials Boxes, cigar ." Boxes, wooden packing Charcoal Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers' goods Cooperage Cork, cutting Furniture Lasts Looking-glass and picture frames Lumber and timber products Lumber, planing mill products, including sash, doorS; and blinds Matches Pulp goods Pumps, not including steam pumps. .- Refrigerators : Rules, ivory and wood ■- . . . Sewing machine cases Show cases Wood carpet Wood preserving Wood, turned and carved Woodenware, not elsewhere specified 32,726 31,223,730,336 104 486 48 297 1,023 74 239 1,517 50 2,482 65 442 19, 127 6,009 23 17 116 111 13 141 20 1,097 202 883,731 6,187,263 2,222,922 7,786,286 67,047,743 1,291,764 20,266,110 49, 424, 394 4,490,962 170, 446, 825 2,519,771 13,269,645 680,022,690 247, 441, 966 6,646,741 1, 467, 407 2,852,623 7,347,935 248, 906 5,272,547 6,721,724 801,266 3,368,480 20, 169, 173 8,5,31,492 16,062 $221,243,513 62 359 23 187 473 44 50 961 21 822 18 261 9,991 1,939 1 7 2 637 103 333, 146 1,584,709 656, 888 3, 476, 545 13,081,290 274, 140 947, 751 12,831,722 246, 089 22, 390, 638 346, 608 3,939,079 109,946,082 40,468,220 386, 659 1, 109, 430 14, 536 1,518,036 146, 494 4,870,068 l,025,5t6 491 $231,568,626 21 74 14 76 257 16 50 296 11 569 17 96 6,041 1,532 2 2 24 19 3 1 30 7 2 290 42 238,971 290, 042 2,363,748 10,652,092 152, 488 2,324,079 321,716 24,811,357 709,072 2,007,010 111,999,525 323, 764 1,239,452 34, 842 736, 145 363, 867 1,188,984 21 52 11 34 290 14 139 258 18 1,087 20 86 3,076 1,637 20 12 30 41 3 6 42 6 22 269 67 $769, 112, 149 311,614 2, 772, 957 1, 375, 992 1,945,993 33,295,919 865, 126 16,994,280 29,451,267 3,924,148 123,052,406 1,465,091 7, 323, 666 357,276,124 146, 396, 248 5,452,351 1,103,907 2,142,300 4,999,063 199, 528 301,916 3,284,966 11,574,866 6,316,912 32 $1,806,048 118, 442 4 1 192,624 19 1 i. GENERAL TABLES. 499 Tabus 9.— ESTABLISHMENTS AND PRODUCTS, GROUPED BY CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. (In this table values have been omitted wherever they disclosed the products of individual establishments.] Group 5.— I^EATHEK ANB ITS FINISHED PBODUCXS. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Belting and hose, leatlier. Boot and shoe cut stock, . Boot and shoe findings,,. Boot and shoe uppers Boots and shoes Gloves and mittens, leather Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. Pocketbooks Saddlery and harness. 117 290 214 75 1,316 339 423 1,049 46 l,07fi A'alue of products. United States ' 4,945 | 5705,747,470 14,220,306 27,675,815 9,355,020 549,867 320, 107, 458 17,740,385 17,655,346 252,620,986 -3,767,446 42,054,842 INDIVIDUAL. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 34 163 103 53 456 179 232 367 23 566 Value of products. $4,390,905 6,777,493 2,949,764 276,699 3,803,899 4,439,042 '■"74i,'ii6' 9,211,240 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments Value of products. 1,386 :$199,664,911 INCORPORATED COMPANY. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 26 92 66 17 383 105 119 290 16 271 2, 442, 452 13,985,462 2,762,719 193,870 35 45 5 Value of products. 1,382 5421,391,212 89,644,.5.'',1 476 8,006,267 55 8,146,969 72 62,397,239 391 1,244,665 7 10,850,721 239 MISCELLANEOUS. 7,386,949 6,912,860 3,652,637 79, 292 199,849,004 5,930,219 5,069,334 168,736,461 1,781,675 21,992,881 Num- ber of estab- Hsh- ments. Value of products. liroup 6.— PAPER AND PRINTING. United States. Bags, paper Bookbinding and blank book making Boxes, fancy and paper Card cutting and designing Cardboard, not made in paper mills Engraving and diesinking Engraving, steel, including plate printing Engra\ang, wood Envelopes Labels and tags Lithographing and engraving Paper and wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere specified Paper patterns Photolithographing and photoengraving Printing and publishing, book and job Printing and publishing, music Printing and publishing, newspapers and periodicals. Printing materials Stereotyping and eiectrotyping Wall paper 30,787 SS57,112,256 62 908 796 GO 4 305 215 114 72 67 248 761 232 223 S, 244 145 18,038 77 146 44 10,086,863 25,223,650 36,866,689 1,083,278 1,564,303 2, 422, 487 5,943,080 647,909 10,222,366 2, 462, 497 25,245,266 188,715,189 22,159,202 2,2li.'i,125 7,26.S,262 182,611,720 4,147,783 309,327,606 1,207,163 6,005,338 12,636,580 17,727 ;$132,550,689 !! 6,867 19 349,1.52 .563 6,084,060 358 10,088,284 32 454,001 1 215 123 949,910 288,512 808,342 220,407 2, 196, 424 5,519,842 1,311,762 11 76 1,414,682 4,972 41,975,727 69 1,283,321 10,846 38 34 66,949,288 376, 855 729,709 13 204 194 20 1 2 60 1,722 35 3,214 15 40 6 S99, 499, 731 634,005 616, 750 731,371 194,721 603,214 622,069 "i3,"529,'652' 1,463,473 29,253,787 872,028 31,736,283 164,891 1,110,124 1,437,331 6,667 5619,823,284 30 150 242 31 43 8 46 26 122 587 102 13 87 1,536 41 3,463 24 72 36 9,203,706 13,813,526 20,012,279 174, 150 807, 747 4,261,799 164, 676 8,810,810 1,720,021 20,501,107 169,665,695 17,838,111 2, 196, 362 4,390,107 111,325,931 1,992,434 216,840,895 665,417 3,165,505 536 $5,238,552 66,275 3,801,140 Group 7. I.IQUOKS AND BEVERAGES. United States Liquors, distilled Liquors, malt Liquors, vinous Malt Mineral and soda waters 6,381 ! S.501,266,605 805 1,531 435 141 3,469 131,269,886 298,368,732 11,097,863 30, 288, 984 30,251,150 3,438 499 405 243 41 2,250 546,001,427 5,912,560 22,060,024 2, 154, 668 .3,015,132 12,859,043 ! 127 194 67 19 863 S3 1,086, 397 1,069,610 1,525,125 178 930 125 81 364 5424,081,598 116,399,668 263,219,137 7,873,575 25, 748, 727 10,840,491 Group 8 rHEOTICAIiS AND AIiL,IED PRODUCTS. United States ' 9,680 51,031,966,263 Axle grease Baking and yeast powders. . . Blacking Bluing Bone, ivory, and lamp black . Calcium lights - - Candles Chemicals Cleansing and polishing preparations . Drug grinding 25 164 138 56 25 22 17 276 156 27 240 Druggists' preparations Dyestuffs and extracts -" Explosives ; ]4i Fertilizers , ™" Gas, illuminating and heating i 1,019 58 300 60 42 4 Glue Grease and tallow. Ink, printing Ink. writing Oil, castor Oil, cottonseed and cake. Oil, essential Oil, lard Oil, linseed 715 62 5 30 879, 483 19,042,521 5,941,042 678, 737 647,717 136,246 3,889,362 75,222,249 2,710,393 5, 145, .522 31,782,250 10,893,113 29,602,884 56, 632, 853 126, 144, 946 10,034,685 18,814,533 6, 774, 264 1,881,038 642, 666 96,407,621 1,464,662 796, 111 27, 577, 152 2,854 54 22 8 99 24 10 161 14 18 21 32 4 4 $60,790,472 65, 894 1,072,360 1,320,852 220,312 118,365 36,086 494, 534 1,581,911 799, 998 168,626 1,573,434 806,069 277,930 1,809,406 134,713 161,624 2,729,891 405, 763 139,276 1,860,334 305, 192 698.291 $87,764,433 145, 653 2,307,324 2, 180, 144 40,528 25, 196 64,660 151,478 7,854,209 355,080 388,085 692. 469 138; 748 3,409,296 66,927 2,322,696 914,259 183,849 729,709 498,332 2,351,663 207 51 14 147 65 109 228 931 35 78 33 18 4 677 7 $881,916,342 667,936 16,662,837 2,440,046 417,897 504, 156 34, 600 3,243,350 66, 786, 129 1,655,315 4,588,811 25,537,727 9,394,575 29,186,206 51,414,162 123, 788, 392 7,560,566 11,667,616 4, 464, 232 1,657,913 642,665 93,817,578 661, 138 22 1 24,527,198 47 1,154,913 " 2T;;;'!!!!!!! 500 MANUFACTURES. Table 0.— ESTABLISHMENTS AND PRODUCTS, GROUPED BY CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. [In this table values have been omitted wherever they disclosed the produets of individual establishments.] Ci^roup 8 CHEJTI1CAL,S ANB AliLIEU PKODUCTS— Continued. Oil, not elsewhere specified Paints Patent medicines and compounds Perfumery and cosmetics Petroleum, refining Salt Soap Starch Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids Turpentine and rosin Varnishes Wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 181 449 2,245 292 146 436 131 32 1,287 190 141 Value of products. 322,127,253 67,277,910 74,520,765 11,132,859 175,005,320 9,437,662 68,274,700 8,082,904 9,052,646 23, 937; 024 23,561,699 7,813,483 INDIVIDUAL. Num- ber of estab- hsh- ments. 65 106 933 139 33 146 51 535 54 15 Value of products. 31,615,466 4,808,641 16,989,793 2,681,396 2, 646, 390 4,126,996 472,578 7,777,762 1,651,526 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 33 93 387 6 18 108 27 1 620 26 26 Value of products. $7,461,527 6,652,645 4,019,878 305,801 15,487,080 500,838 12,498,683 1,444,636 897, 168 INt'ORPORATED COMPANY. MISCELLANEOUS. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Value of products. 82 250 921 83 94 182 31 130 no 100 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. $17, 927, 419 55,007,742 61,862,138 4,431,586 169,548,602 8,777,940 48,660,624 7,037,360 20,465,537 6,637,913 Group 9.— CliAV, GLASS, AND STONE PKODUCTS. United States 10, 775 Artificial stone . . . Briclc and tile Cement China decorating . Crucibles Emery wheels Glass . ..< Glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting. Grindstones and millstones .^.. Gypsum wall plaster Hones and whetstones Kaolin and ground earths I,ime Mantels, slate, marble, and marbleized . Marble and stone work Mirrors Monuments and tombstones Pottery, terra cotta, and fire clay products . Statuary and art goods 477 4,634 129 28 11 34 399 453 25 176 17 131 526 4 1,165 119 1,439 873 135 8391,230,422 4, 128, 221 71,152,062 29,873,122 ■ 326, 679 1,342,716 2,062,120 79,607,998 13, 137, 653 871,022 10, 164, 185 307, 789 4,438,794 14,751,170 223, 706 58,931,621 7,605,435 2.5,688,607 64,200,792 2, 416; 730 4,461 1.52 2,202 6 21 1 21 204 41 788 193 67 S.52,642,387 908,852 16, 487, 795 65,854 190, 130 1,234,551 2,573,656 43,646 484,932 534, 419 2,410,508 10,980,969 1,631,826 11,035,999 3,144,665 680., 584 168 1,284 8 4 1 129 3 20 2 > 20 101 3 368 30 660 133 51 $55, 473, 182 13,357,288 263, 477 48, 227 2,619,890 196, 758 1,905,479 393,339 1,965,990 12,905,390 2,738,882 10,740,593 3,388 156 1,138 116 3 9 24 337 119 16 135 7 81 i 170 1 367 99 646 17 $281,929,789 2, 160, 724 41 , 215, 603 29,663,791 88,322 1,891,846 74,836,170 7,032,287 630, 719 7, 773, 774 266,684 3,511,036 10,374,672 35,007,399 3,234,727 57,915,652 1,172,916 Value of products. $16, 189 72,128 34 $1,186,064 917,387 37,863 Group 10 MEXAILS AND METAl, PKODUCTS, OTHEK THAN IKON AND STEEI,. United States. Babbitt metal and solder Bells Brass Brass and copper, rolled Brass castings and brass finishing. Brassware Bronze castings Cloclcs Coppersmitliing and sheet iron working. Electroplating Galvanizing Gas and lamp fixtures Gold and silver, leaf and foil Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore. Hand stamps Jewelry - Lamps and reflectors Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet Needles, pins, and hooks and eyes. Pens, gold Plated wai-e Plumber.'i' supplies Silversmitliing and silverware. Smelting and refining, copper . . Smelting and refining, lead Smelting and refining, zinc Smelting and refining, not from the ore . Stamped ware Tinfoil Tinware 6,310 Type founding Watch and clock materials. Watch cases Watches 75 21 12 26 520 229 27 38 36 263 83 41 224 1,023 142 32 46 16 60 185 98 40 32 31 65 174 14 377 21 17 28 14 $922, 262, 456 13,099,838 1,000,220 700, 772 61,912,853 29,671,928 17,499,056 2, 622, 495 8,868,000 66,082,029 2,965,014 6,418,860 17,560,386 2,695,298 18,724,096 2,017,631 .53,225,681 8,999,874 9, 277, 462 4, 750, .589 I 692,029 12,138,886 21,542,486 20,700,703 240,780,216 185, 826, .839 24.791,299 17,402,987 21,958,049 2,794,828 41,892,809 2, 727, 759 428, 692 8, 626, 304 11,866,400 23 4 6 2 220 104 12 10 1,021 200 97 62 19 136 462 51 5 13 14 48 19 1 1 2 31 38 4 169 2 12 3 1 $59, 190, 109 1,248,790 37,600 3.494,131 1,846,303 126,082 103,464 17,437,360 1.507,699 251, 187 1,768,418 933,662 5,704.768 692,766 566.459 121,225 85, 445 211,429 171,707 1,107,963 884,314 4,809,093 1,052,024 2,618,242 222, 137 94,702 19 15 51 391 26 3 8 3 3 30 35 $79,161,137 5, 106, .579 207, 883 1 141 • 3,680,9,57 52 3 4 591 81 1,996,260 613,738 124,300 12,900,129 747,680 10 57 326,010 2,673,030 8,. 368,128 417,341 23,992,769 1,026,324 1,462,809 196, 530 298,318 206,2li2 1,369,215 2,677,607 34 11 6 22 159 73 12 24 377 17 109 2 7 37 169 65 24 25 4 43 106 44 39 28 29 24 94 8 120 .$783,394,11;: 6, 744, 469 754, 737 484,885 50,483,1.50 22, 496, 840 13,6.56,493 1.882,676 8,640,236 25,744,6.50 5,841,6.53 13,128,938 4,651.199 907,434 18,766,609 7,408,091 7,703,428 4,469.614 182, 282 11,760.917 18.209,609 17,687,948 185,366,977 11,234,680 18,228,518 1,930,841 36,425,102 2,372,233 S,21,S,257 $517,048 GENERAL TABLES. 501 Table 9.— ESTABLISHMENTS AND PRODUCTS, GROUPED BY CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. [In this table values have been omitted wherever they disclosed the products ol individual establishments.) Group 11. TOBACCO. TOTAL INDIVIDUAL. FIEM. INCORPORATED COMPANY. MISCELLANEOUS. INDUSTHY. Num- ber ot estab- hsh- ments. Value ol products. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Value ol products. Num- ber oJ estab- lish- ments. Value ol products. Num- ber ol estab,- hsh- ments. Value ol products. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Value of products. United States , 16,828 .5331,117,681 14,110 882, 902, ,596 2,145 •MO, 015, 581 563 8188,186,069 4 $13, 435 Tobacco, chewing and smoking, and snuff 433 16,395 116,767,630 214,3.50,051 217 13,899 4,230,977 78,671,619 89 2,056 4, 752, 481 55,263,100 127 436 107,784,172 80,401,897 4 13,435 Group 1 a,— VEHICLES FOK L.A1VI> TKANSPORTAXION. United States 7, 285 Automobile bodies and parts .■ Automobiles Bicycles and tricycles Carriage and wagon materials Carriages and sleds, children's Carriages and wagons Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam railroad companies Cars and general shop construction and repairs by street railroad companies Cars, steam railroad, not including operations of rail- road companies Cars, street railroad, not including operations of rail- road companies : Wheelbarrows 57 121 101 632 78 4,956 1,141 8643,924,442 3, 388, 472 26,645,064 5,153,240 30,535,873 6,370,911 125,332,976 309,863,499 13,437,121 111,175,310 10,844,196 1,177,780 3,453 836,816,883 15 20 58 232 30 326.657 1,676; 386 519,368 3,624,727 1,053,217 28,851,650 51,. 333 1,326 829,242,3.57 1,057,637 518,005 118, .531 3,428,100 245, 137 2,311 26 87 32 261 39 545 1,141 8577,128,703 2,004,178 24,450,673 4,515,341 23,583.046 5,072,557 73,311,880 309,863,499 13,437,121 109,079,572 8736,499 Group 13.-SIIIPBiriI.DI]NG. 1,097 882,769,239 673 88,932,284 224 86,945,180 200 867,891,776 ( 64 1,043 68,433,314 24,336,926 3 670 885,532 8,046,752 5 219 785,650 6,169,530 46 154 56,762,132 11,129,643 Group 14.— OTlSCEI,L,ANEODS INDUSXKIES. United States Agricultural implements Anmaunition Artificial feathers and flowers Artists' materials Belting and hose, rubber Boots and shoes, rubber Brooms and brushes Buttons ColEe Combs Dairymen's, pouiterers', and apiarists' supplies . . . Dentists' materials Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies Enameling and enameled goods Engravers' materials Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified Fire extinguishers, chemical Fireworks - Foundry supplies Fur goods Furs, dressed Graphite and graphite refining Hairwork - Hat and cap materials Hats, straw House furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified . . . Ice, manufactured Instruments, professional and scientific Ivory and bone work Japanning Jewelry and instrument cases Lapidary work: Mattresses and spring beds - - Models and patterns, not including paper patterns MuoUage and paste. . .'- Musical instruments and materials, not specified. . . Musical instruments, organs Musical instruments, pianos Musical instruments, piano and organ materials. . . Optical goods 12,377 648 32 213 28 19 22 1,316 275 278 42 176 80 784 92 10 327 35 34 34 86 11 125 65 237 1,320 225 97 54 716 547 111 181 94 249 101 122 8941,604,873 112,007,344 19,930,821 6,246,822 1,139,353 14,954,186 70,065,296 21,103,776 11,133,769 51,728,647 2, 769, 380 6,545,008 7,809,602 140,809,369 15, 709, 282 170, 710 11,961,513 581,970 1,986,790 1,058,834 37, 123, 129 3,215,701 343,379 1,782,491 6,440,108 10,356,690 15,010,628 23,790,045 5,377.755 2, 863, 602 607, 060 2,291,648 7, 646, 814 27, 756, 288 4, ,545, 004 3, 656, 423 3,481,710 6,041,844 46,922,471 13, 128, 315 6,116,910 5,303 200 134 14 903 113 16 16 76 30 153 44 5 158 11 12 11 439 55 3 100 28 20 100 230 120 37 24 55 27 382 372 67 112 45 62 35 55 82,584,031 45, 721 2,632,364 116,287 6,996,911 1,848,052 1,965,366 526,338 906,035 834,906 4,738,594 362,043 73, 297 2,601,656 96,808 130,570 128,569 11,019,727 1,078,659 958, 616 679,464 1,599,154 1,722,292 2,498,649 1,397,719 937,098 134,352 639, 427 559, 331 8,016,028 2,189,977 863, 383 881,816 1,262,676 3,640,249 1,461,936 787, 404 8107,525,873 1 272 79 16 19 39 21 107 10 4 83 5 4 5 377 25 1 21 24 24 196 35 15 4 32 18 168 131 20 35 17 32 18 20 4,097,433 1,017,701 2,466,468 312,562 6,309,470 1,314,196 1,454,473 992,098 2,058,434 2, 293, 436 125,375 3,014,912 52,547 270. 355 13i; 778 19,715,662 1,915,503 696,463 3. 489, 344 4, 857, 134 690,789 845,982 28,000 1,284,682 6,523,849 4,374,548 1.467,753 ■ 570, 358 426, 793 483,306 1,362,565 389,564 4,422 8746,961,362 327 23 7 7 19 21 137 81 248 61 29 524 38 1 86 19 18 18 52 5 7 4 13 24 79 892 70 14 4 166 44 34 34 32 154 105,325,880 18,867,399 248, 000 710,504 14,964,186 8, 765, 562 6,836,065 48,449,086 789,569 4,646,875 4,916,262 133,777.339 16,221,864 47 i 6,344,946 432,615 1,585,865 798, 4S7 6,387,750 221,639 271, 152 127,412 2,271,300 3,900,402 10.891,100 19,379,007 3,289.247 1,080,522 444, 708 367, 539 663,634 15,364,712 887, 274 2,132,682 2,173,101 4,295,964 39,217,663 10,323,815 4,939,942 ;i $31,833 502 MANUFACTURES. Table 9.— ESTABLISHJvJENTS AND PRODUCTS, GROUPED BY CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP, BY SPECnflED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES : 1905— Continued. [In this table values have been omitted wherever they disclosed the products of individual establishments.] Group 14.— OTISCEL1L.AIVEOUS INDUSTRIES— Continued. Paving materials Pencils, lead Pens, fountain and stylographic. Phonographs and graphophones . Photographic apparatus Photographic materials Pipes, tobacco Roofing materials Rubber and elastic goods Sand and emery paper and cloth . Soda water apparatus Sporting goods Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified . Steam packing Straw goods, not elsewhere specified Surgical appliances : Toys and games Trunks and valises Umbrellas and canes Washing machines and clothes wringers . Whips Wiridmills Window shades and fixtures . AU other industries 1 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 37 iri2 143 106 180 161 373 204 92 58 53 144 3 Value of products. 85,033,080 4,425,890 2,082,005 10,237,075 3,479,317 9, .543, 980 2,834,496 19,870,953 62,996,909 1,477,003 4, 634, 265 7,032,224 8,867,457 8,951,705 186, 383 6,385,293 6, 577. 693 18, 643, 580 13,296,046 3,838,624 3,147,328 4,795,048 8,930,630 230,390 INDIVIDUAL. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 186 117 46 26 17 67 2 Value of products. ,? I SI, 720 '246 ,"968 'isi'goo 546, 185 821,617 2,096,844 1,411,499 240,411 983. 221 608, 789 432,502 861,217 858, 426 3, 404, 360 2,765,738 348,344 397,572 167, 103 1,. 561, 181 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 2 4 13 16 81 23 . 3 i 6 26 26 13 1 32 29 102 67 Value of products. $266, 206 "ni.his 33,412 328,013 1,638,933 2, 554, 373 2,497,474 513, 154 228.680 818,908 441,780 1,064,0.50 493, 159 4,213,974 6, 254, 797 122, 420 287, 738 22, 162 845,940 INCORPORATED COMPANY. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 36 1^ 10 22 135 154 18 47 63 67 4 46 64 85 30 37 24 32 Value of products. 84,665,100 1,637.419 10,209,468 I 3,292,005 8.669,782 374,046 15,219,736 59,086,936 963,849 4.165,174 5,230,096 7,816,888 7,465,1.53 4,776,763 4,226,108 11.026,266 6,275,611 3,367,860 2,462,018 4,006,793 6,623,609 MISCELLANEOUS. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Value of products. 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Pulp, from fiber other than wood, 1; whalebone cutting, 2. GENERAL TABLES. 503 Table TO.— SUMATAHY FOR ESTABLISHMENTS IN STATES AND TEKRITORIES, BY VALUE OF PRODUCTS, WITH PER CENT IN EACH CLASS: 1905. STATE OE TERRITORY, AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS. United States . Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 . , $100,000 but less than $1,000,000. $1,000,000 and over 216, 262 71,162 72, r' 4S,113 22, 2S1 1.900 Alabama . Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than ? 100,000 . . . $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 $1,000,000 and over Alaska. Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than SlOO.OOO. . . . $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . Arizona. Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000. ... $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . $1,000,000 and over Arkansas . Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,0001. California I,es3 than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . $1,000,000 and over Colorado. Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . $1,000,000 and over Connecticut. Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 . . . . $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . $1,000,000 and over Delaware. Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . $1,000,000 and over District of Columbia. Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 . . . . $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 2 Florida. Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than 820,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 . . . . $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . Georgia Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . $1,000,000 and over ESTABLISH- MENTS. Num- ber 1,882 57' 677 395 219 14 Per cent. 100.0 32.9 33.7 22.2 10.3 0.9 100.0 30.7 36.0 51.0 11.6 0. 100.0 IS. 3 18.3 20. 42, 169| 100.0 53 65 34 10 7 1,907 741 628 412 126 6,839 2,088 2,507 1,616 698 31 1,606 627 575 272 116 16 3,477 31.4 38.5 20.1 100.0 38.9 32.9 21.6 6.6 . 100. 36.7 23.6 0.6 100.0 39.1 35, 16.9 7.2 1.0 100.0 932 ,099 827 654 65 26.8 31.6 23.8 15.9 1.9 6311 100.0 203 222 130 67 32.2 35.2 20.6 10.6 1.4 100.0 160 171 114, 37: 33.2 35.5 23.6 7.7 1,413! 100.0 388' 27. 4 469, 33.2 466 32.3 100 7. 1 3,219 941 1,158 768 342 10 100.0 29.2 36.0 23.9 10.6 0.3 $12,686,265,673 Amount, 165,317,454 5,31,130,613 1,654,931,649 5,550,459,933 4,784,426,124 105,382,859 100.0 Per cent. 100.0 1.3 4.2 13.0 43.8 37.7 1,402,923 5,748,519 19,907,766 56,654,181 21,669,470 10,034,7 40,800 293,766 1,219,266 9,130,967 14,395,654 127,840 723, 153 l,328,6Wi 2,875,186 9,340,839 46,306,116 1,899,627 5,011,444 14,537,570 24,867,475 282,647,201 5,218,153 19,990,419 57,486,189 131,684,457 68,267,983 107,663,500 1,369,830 4,126,856 10,325,111 36,575,540 56,276,163 373,283,560 1.3 5.4 18.9 53.8 20.6 100.0 0. 2.7 11.4 85.5 100.0 0.9 5.0 9.2 20.0 64, 100.0 4.1 10.8 31 53.7 100.0 1, 7.1 20.3 46.6 24.2 100.0 2,652,593 9,024,126 35,710,000 177,676,306 148,420,565 50,925,630 663,1.51 1,907,083 4,363,462 33,900,305 10,091,629 1.3 3.8 33.0 62.3 100.0 0,7 2,4 47,6 100.0 1.3 3.7 8,6 66,6 19,8 783 100.0 347,448 1,333,926 4,354,987 14,163,422 32,971,982 863,253 3,416,303 11,436,014 17,266,412 135,211,651 2,150,955 7,207,916 24,682,100 85,089,418 16,081,162 1.7 6.6 21.6 70.1 100.0 2.6 10.4 34.7 52.3 100.0 1.6 5.3 18.3 62.9 11.9 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Aver- age num- ber. 6,470,321 106,366 419,666 1,027,507 2,616,429 1,400,453 62,173 1,246 6,313 12,566 31,631 10,417 1,938 13 100 ■ 460 1,365 4,793 56 252 499 1,638 2,349 1,301 4,242 10,490 17,056 100,356 2,242 10,574 26,111 47,912 14,516 21,813 Per oent. 100.0 $2,611,640,632 100.0 2,0 10.1 20.2 .50.9 16.8 100.0 0.7 5.2 23.7 70.4 100.0 1.1 5.3 10.4 34.2 49.0 100.0 3.9 12.8 31.7 51.6 100.0 2.2 10.6 25.0 47.8 14.6 100.0 644 2,294 3,970 9, 5,596 181,605 1,338 5,981 19,838 88,202 66,246 18,475 1,1 2,705 7,646 6,141 6,299 229 996 2,665 2,509 42,091 656 6,375 18, 105 16,955 92,749 2,299 13,208 23,492 45,988 7,762 2.9 10.6 18.2 42, 25.7 100.0 0.7 3.3 10.9 48.6 36.5 100.0 2.1 9.2 14.6 40, 33.2 100.0 3.7 15.8 40.7 39, 100,0 Wages, 40,941,804 188,290,662 477,153,001 ,194,460,018 710,705,057 21,878,461 381,390 1,990,018 4, 394, 745 11,266,944 3,845,354 1,095,579 8,000 62,, 302 248,265 777,012 3,969,248 36,941 197,859 390,255 1,293,784 2,050,409 14,543,636 451,229 1,756,17 4,444,357 7,892,871 64,656,686 1,171,473 6,739,026 16,617,843 29,334,765 10,793,579 16,100,365 362,412 1,541,988 2,718,848 6,460,329 4,016,788 87,942,628 604,273 3,098,638 9,862,466 40,953,161 33,434,191 8,168,203 128,705 630,325 1,018,424 3,261,463 3,219,286 3,658,370 87,999 509,244 1,373,986 1,687,142 15,767,182 l,6l 16.1 43.0 40,3 100.0 2.5 14.2 25.3 49.6 8.4 216,490 1,784,126 5,422,056 8,344,610 27,392,442 646,544 3,829,590 7, 129,. 550 13,671,676 2,216,082 Per cent. 100.0 1.6 7.2 18.3 46.7 27.2 100.0 1.7 9.1 20.1 61.5 17. 100.0 0.7 6.7 22.7 70.9 100.0 0. 5.0 32.6 61.7 100.0 3.1 12.1 30.5 54.3 100.0 1.8 10.4 25.7 45.4 16.7 100.0 $1,455,019,473 2.4 10.2 18.0 42, 26,6 100,0 0,7: 3,5 11,2 46,6 38.0 100,0 1,6, 6,5 12,5 40.0 39.4 100.0 2.4 13.9 37.6 46.1 100.0 1.4 11.3 34. 52.9 100.0 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES, Amount, 21,399,462 70,330,717 199,396,653 667, 328, 272 606,566,369 8,048,819 201,119 818, 620 1,779,037 4,511,005 739, 038 1,851,716 2,841 43,412 142,639 1,662,824 1,208,320 12,454 81,674 121,512 164,583 828,097 6,648,343 215,707 838,924 1,990,009 3,603,703 27,145,650 732,556 2,463,956 6,983,186 13,040,379 4,935,576 6,519,100 227,348 627,640 1,068,136 2,630,156 1,966,820 32,325,002 Per cent. 100.0 1.5 4.8 13.7 45.2 34.8 100.0 2.5 10.2 22.1 66.0 9.2 100.0 0.2 2.3 7.7 100.0 10.1 13.6 68.5 100.0 3.3 12.6 29.9 54.2 100.0 2.7 9.0 22.1 48.0 18.2 100.0 3.6 9.6 16.4 40.3 30.2 100.0 $8,503,949,766 61,360,114 326, 998, 295 1,039,497,004 3, ,329, 508, 388 3,746,685,965 274,906 982,699 3,308,608 14,840,299 12,918,590 0.9 3.0 10.2 45.9 40.0 2,691,218 100.0 66,057 175,010 414,073 1,571,056 466,023 2.4 6.6 15.4 58.4 17.3 2,724,840 100.0 73,862 186,771 514,599 i,949,r-- 6,607,862 108,217 514,346 1,533,261 3,452,038 12,206,634 2.4 14.0 26,0 49,51 8, ll 265,182 1,278,477 2,745,766 6,976,975 940,234 2.7 6.9 18.9 71.6 100.0 1.9 9.2 27.3 61.6 100.0 2.2 10.6 22.6 57.1 7.7 COST OF MATE- RIALS USED, 60,468,368 354, 467 2, 140, 130 8, 009, 985 33, 868, 346 16,095,440 3,741,946 13,026 80, 179 611,008 3,137,733 14,695,057 30,550 240,560 814,648 1,022,617 12,486,782 21,799,346 543,814 2,239,605 7,696,635 11,319,392 215,726,414 1,672,008 10,287,283 34,581,969 89,110,678 80,074,476 63,114,397 491,870 1,982,858 4,927,853 16,068,794 39,643,022 191,301,881 8,37,838 4,804,745 16,712,886 77,735,801 91,210,612 24,883,806 212,943 1,184,304 3,032,022 11,776,715 8,677,822 7,731,971 118,211 620,956 1,793,953 5,198,851 16,532,439 286,374 1,256,815 3,965,887 11,023,363 83, 624,, 504 624,779 3,927,074 14,717,831 48,826,144 15,528,676 Per cent. 100.0 12,2 39.2 44.1 100.0 0.6 3.5 13.3 56.0 26. 100,0 0,3 2,1 13.7 83, 100.0 0.2 1.6 5.6 7.0 85. 100.0 2.6 , 10.3 35.3 51.9 100,0 0.8 4.8 16.0 41.3 37.1 100.0 0.8 3.1 7.8 25.5 62, 100.0 0.6 2.6 8.7 40.6 47.7 100.0 0.8 4. 12.2 47.3 34, 100,0 1,5 8,0 23.2 67.3 100.0 1.7 7.6 24.0 66.7 100.0 0. 4.7 17.6 58,4 18,6 VALUE OF PROD- UCTS, INCLUDING CUSTOM WORK AND REPAIRING. Amount, $14,802,147,087 176, 169, 127 761,236,681 2,130,227,091 6,116,068,017 5,628,456,171 109,169,922 1, 438, 922 7,191,803 18,213,703 57,254,914 25,070,580 8,244,524 30,915 188,922 969,208 7,065,479 28,083,192 131,553 702,212 1,658,579 2,828,867 22,761,981 63,864,394 1,792,050 6,541,347 18,053,803 27,477,194 367,218,494 5,306,470 26,190,1,38 72,176,276 158,273,161 106,272,449 100,143,999 1,629,067 5,712,975 11,250,852 30,880,642 60,670,463 369,082,091 2,297,644 11,676,232 37,466,372 169,950,425 167,691,418 41,160,276 649,741 2,318,183 5,313,204 19,267,544 13,711,604 18,359,159 386,384 1,792,704 4,756,770 11,423,301 60,298,290 905,782 5,387,587 16 819,602 27,185,419 151,040,465 2,385,888 12,675,263 32,479,382 82,836,728 20,664,194 Per cent. 100.0 1.2 .5.1 14.4 41.3 38.0 100.0 1.3 6.6 16.7 ,52.4 23.0 100.0 0.4 2.3 11.7 85.6 100.0 0.6 2.6 5.9 10.1 81.0 100.0 3.3 12.2 33.5 61.0 100.0 1.4 7.1 19.7 43.1 28.7 100.0 1.6 6.7 11.2 30.9 60.6 100.0 0.6 3.2 10.2 43.3 42.7 100.0 1.4 5.6 12.9 46.8 33.3 100.0 2.1 9.8 25.9 62.2 100.0 1.8 10.7 33.4 54.1 100.0 1.6 8.4 21.5 54.8 13.7 1 Includes 1 establishment with products valued at $1,000,000 and oyer. • Includes 2 establishments with products valued at $1,000,000 and over. 504 MANUFACTURES. Table 10.— SUMMARY FOR ESTABLISHMENTS IN STATES AND TERRITORIES, BY VALUE OF PRODUCTS, WITH PER CENT IN EACH CLASS: 1905— Continued. STATE OE TERRITORY, AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS. Idaho Less than 85,000 $6,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than-S100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . . Illinois Less than $5,000 $6,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than 8100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . . $1,000,000 and over Indian Territory lyess than 85,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . . Indiana Less than $6,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than 8100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . . $1,000,000 and over Iowa Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . . $1,000,000 and over Kansas Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . . $1,000,000 and over Kentucky Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 8100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . . $1,000,000 and over Louisiana Less than $5,000 85,000 but less than $20,000 820,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than 81,000,000 . . $1,000,000 and over Maine Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than 820,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . . $1,000,000 and over Maryland Less than $6,000 85,000 but less than 520,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . . $1,000,000 and over Massachusetts Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than 8100,000 . . . $100,000 but less than 81,000,000 $1,000,000 and over Michigan Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20.000 820,000 but less than 5100,000 . . . 8100,000 but less than $1,000,000 51,000,000 and over ESTABLISH- MENTS. Num- ber. 364 146 129 74 15 14,921 5,: 4,795 3,157 i,r~ 168 466 244 145 60 17 7,044 2,631 2,162 1,675 631 45 4,785 2,023 1,' 913 249 11 2,476 1,211 650 403 190 21 3,734 1,453 1,172 806 286 17 2,091 658 554 398 13 3,145 1,213 1,091 665 259 17 3,852 1,249 1,382 821 366 34 10,723 2,633 3,594 2,673 1,632 191 7,446 2,634 2,281 1,683 807 41 Per cent. 100.0 40.1 ■35.6 20.3 4.1 100.0 34.9 32.1 21.2 10.7 1.1 100.0 62. 31.1 12, 3.6 100.0 37.3 30.7 22.4 9.0 0.6 100.0 42.3 33.2 19.1 6.2 0.2 100.0 48. 26.3 16.3 7.7 0.8 100.0 38.9 31.4 21.6 7.7 0.4 100.0 22.4 31.5 26.5 19.0 0.6 100.0 38. 34.7 18.0 8.2 0.5 100.0 32.4 35.9 21.3 9.6 0.9 100.0 24.6 33.5 24.9 15.2 1.8 100.0 35.4 30.6 22.6 10, 0.6 Amount. $9,689,445 370,139 981,278 2,578,166 6,769,862 976,844,799 10,662,366 31,621,868 102,718,481 360,254,239 470,797,865 5,016,654 506,911 1,064,697 1,959,333 1,495,813 312,071,234 6,942,243 17,730,971 ,58,738,898 131,053,353 98,605,769 111,427,429 5,248,546 11,476,084 28,066,444 49,522,746 17,124,609 88,680,117 2,644,313 - 6,650,822 14,653,435 31,571,426 34,360,121 147,282,478 2,937,318 9,341,327 29,893,227 67,371,136 37,739,470 150,810,608 1,216,641 6,320,858 20,947,662 92,158,439 31,167,108 143,707,760 3,192,361 8,807,914 19,973,325 63,712,833 48,021,317 201,877,966 2,779,487 9,794,674 25,563,516 72,801,830 90,938,459 965,948,887 6,661,133 25,183,682 86,932,386 435,020,134 413,151,652 337,894,102 6,172,281 17,509,738 68,604,529 184,870,386 70,837,168 Per cent. 100.0 WAGE-EARNEES AND WAGES. 3.8 10.1 26.6 69.6 100.0 1.1 3.2 10.5 36.9 48.3 100.0 10.1 21.0 39.1 29. 100.0 1.9 6.7 18.8 42.0 31.6 100.0 4.7 10.3 26.2 44.4 16.4 100.0 2.9 6.3 16.5 36.6 38.7 100.0 2.0 6.3 20.3 46.8 25.6 100.0 0.8 3.5 13.9 61.1 20.7 100.0 2.2 6.1 13.9 44.4 33.4 100.0 1.4 4.8 12.7 36.1 46.0 100.0 0.6 2, 9.0 46.0 42.8 100.0 1.8 5.2 17. 3| 54. 7i 21. o: Aver- age num- ber. 3,061 182 646 1,043 1,290 379,436 7,1 26,594 60,375 156,171 129,210 2,257 774 591 154,174 4,076 12,081 32,971 73,000 32,046 49,481 2,860 6,671 13,658 21,424 35,570 1,669 2,966 6,240 11,818 12,987 59,794 2,766 6,716 14,424 26,291 56,859 4,174 12,428 35,112 3,255 74,958 1,718 6,269 14,039 36 077 16,865 94,174 2,250 9,254 18,627 37,936 26,107 488,399 3,834 20,257 60,075 215,531 188,702 175,229 3,791 12,581 37,031 100,354 21,472 Per cent. 100.0 6.0 17.8 34.1 42.1 100.0 1.9 7.0 15.9 41.2 34.0 100.0 14.3 25.2 34.3 26.2 100.0 2.6 7. 21.4 47.4 20.8 100.0 6.8 13.6 27.6 43.3 100.0 17.6 33.2 36.5 100.0 4.6 11.2 24.1 44.0 16.1 100.0 1.6 7.6 22.2 62.9 5.8 100.0 2.3 8.4 18.7 48.1 22.5 100.0 19. 40.3 27.7 100.0 0.8 4.2 12.3 44.1 38.6 100.0 2.2 7.2 21.1 57.3 12.2 Wages. $2,069,391 96,462 364,958 699,388 908,583 208,405,468 3,013,250 13,499,918 32,648,894 84,634,268 74,709,148 1,144,078 138,749 298,839 372,622 333,868 72,058,099 1,521,359 6,179,688 14,454,298 34,260,262 16,642,492 22,997,053 1,076,127 3,024,688 6,406,413 10,369,770 2,121,055 18,883,071 697,960 1,351,642 3,077,825 6,784,397 7,071,267 24,438,684 883,112 2,606,840 5,665,510 10,857,823 4,525,399 26,316,750 323,158 1,813,830 6,632,594 16,986,668 1,669,500 32,691,769 684,313 2,661,518 6,281,682 15,849,891 7,214,366 36,144,244 666,854 3,071,318 7,143,366 15,196,141 10,067,565 232,388,946 1,684,759 10,175,288 30,239,936 103,559,941 86,729,022 81,278,837 1,601,409 5,732,788 16,997,559 45,752,227 11,294,864 Per cent. 100.0 4.7 17.2 34.0 44.1 100.0 1.4 6.5 16.6 40.6 36.9 100.0 12.1 26.1 32.6 29.2 100.0 2.1 7.2 20.1 47.5 23.1 100.0 4.7 13.1 27.9 46.1 9.2 100.0 3.2 7.2 16.3 35.9 37.4 100.0 10.3 23.2 44.4 18.5 100.0 1.3 7.2 22.2 63.1 6.2 100.0 2.1 8.1 19.2 48.5 22.1 100.0 1.8 8.5 19.8 42.0 27.9 100.0 0.7 4.4 13.0 44.6 37.3 100.0 l.S 7.1 20.9 56.3 13.9 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Amount. $1,111,699 40,349 107,311 447,606 616,534 172,186,567 1,626,643 6,166,080 16,686,262 67,401,094 91,406,488 492,639 67,195 137,817 149,086 138,442 46,682,613 610,186 1,721,798 5,684,380 15,622,203 23,243,946 12,162,888 487,747 1,179,036 3,193,801 6,389,036 903,270 8,870,460 257,780 507,916 1,148,318 2,673,940 4,282,507 20,630,862 437,613 1,009,024 3,348,128 10,163,354 6,572,733 16,047,105 123,249 609,607 2,412,624 11,168,138 1,733,487 12,485,167 224,206 806,847 2,034,986 6,605,299 2,813,829 21,904,762 292,344 1,028,; 2,936,664 10,297,291 7,350,168 93,840,185 812,432 3,497,774 11,180,709 46,084,304 32,264,966 46,012,191 623,307 2,176,333 7,285,129 26,312,198 10,616,224 Per cent. 100.0 3.6 9.6 40.3 46.6 100.0 1.0 3.0 9.6 33.3 63.1 100.0 13.6 28.0 30.3 28.1 100.0 1.3 3.7 12.0 33.2 49.8 100.0 4.0 9.7 26.3 62.6 7.4 100.0 2.9 6.7 13.0 30.1 48.3 100.0 2.1 4.9 16.3 49.6 27.2 100.0 0, 3.8 16.0 69.6 10.8 100.0 1.8 6.5 16.3 62.9 22.5 100.0 1.3 4.7 13.4 47.0 33.6 100.0 0.9 3.7 11.9 49.1 34.4 100.0 1.4 4.7 16.8 65.0! 23. ll COST OF MATE- EIAL.O USED. Amount. $4,068,623 112,631 624,706 1,703,246 1,728,041 840,057,316 4,150,877 18,723,928 63,195,668 235,661,'371 618,325,472 4,848,646 169,861 572,692 1,485,050 2,621,053 220,507,007 2,369,313 9,745,092 37,395,992 87,520,146 83,476,464 102,843,892 1,665,616 8,514,826 21,807,133 35,022,969 35,833,348 156,609,949 946,396 2,980,807 10,182,788 42,986,700 99,415,268 86,545,464 1,103,166 4,877,460 19,341,744 38,411,719 22,811,386 117,036,306 447,867 2,826,677 13,146,756 62,158,683 48,456,323 80,042,090 1,088,576 6,076,112 12,499,340 41,818,221 19,659,842 160,024,066 1,364,809 7,177,428 19,872,718 63,722,853 67,886,258 626,410,431 2,3S0,987 16,216,641 57,210,930 282,014,242 269,587,631 230,080,931 2,468,032 11,275,517 38,107,366 115,469,209 62,760,807 Per cent. 100.0 2.8 12.9 41.8 42.5 100.0 0.6 2.2 7.6 28.1 61.7 100.0 3.5 11, 30.6 64.1 100.0 1.1 4.4 17.0 39.7 37.8 100.0 1.6 8.3 21.2 34.1 34.8 100.0 0.6 1.9 6.5 27.5 63.6 100.0 1.3 6.6 22.3 44.4 26.4 100.0 0.4 2.4 11.2 44.6 41.4 100.0 1.4 6.3 16.6 52.3 24.4 100.0 0.9 4. 13.2 36.8 45.3 100.0 0.4 2.4 9.1 45.0 43.1 100.0 1.1 4.9 16.5 50.2 27.3 VALUE OP PROD- UCTS, INCLUDING CUSTOM WORK AND KEPAXEING. Amount. $8,768,743 365,075 1,264,213 3,470,002 3,669,453 1,410,342,129 12,892,051 49,125,916 142,162,026 461,011,747 766,157,389 7,909,461 600,510 1,361,824 2,522,100 3,425,017 393,954,405 6,477,789 21,935,764 70,354,847 160,211,644 134,974,371 160,672,313 4,839,841 16,089,197 38,000,333 60,563,658 41,089,284 198,244,992 2,741,307 6,347,304 17,441,913 57,637,181 114,177,287 169,763,968 3,530,973 11,506,502 35,207,472 70,918,685 38,590,336 186,379,592 1,269,970 6,860,329 26,798,992 97,332,115 54,118,186 144,020,197 2,899,282 10,886,667 26,150,603 72,268,023 32,815,822 243,375,996 3,165,660 14,264,140 36,907,882 93,431,472 95,606,842 1,124,092,051 6,898,333 37,326,610 120,969,162 600,756,635 458,142,611 429,120,060 6,522,667 24,062,938 76,963,984 222,432,102 100,138,409 Per cent. 100.0 4.2 14.4 39.6 41.8 100. 0.9 3.5 10.1 32.0 63.6 100.0 7.6 17.2 31.9 43.3 100.0 1.6 5.6 17.8 40.7 34.3 100.0 3.0 10.0 23.7 37.7 26.6 100. 1.4 3.2 29.0 67.6 100.0 2.2 7.2 22.0 44.4 24.2 100. 0.7 3.7 14.4 62.2 29.0 100.0 2.0 7.5 17.6 60.2 22.8 100.0 1.3 6.8 16.2 38.4 39.3 100. 0.6 3.3 10.8 44.6 40.8 100.0 1.6 5.6 17.7 51.9 23.3 GENERAL TABLES. 5D5 Table 10.— SUMMARY FOR ESTABLISHMENTS IN STATES AND TERRITORIES, BY VALUE OF PRODUCTS, WITH PER CENT IN EACH CLASS: 1905— Continued. STATE OR TERRITOKT, AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS. Minnesota . Less than 85,000 $5,000 but less than s:o,nnn ?20,000 but less than SIOO.OOO . . . . $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . $1,000,000 and over Mississippi. Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 . . . . $100,000 but less than $1,000,0001. Missouri . ESTABLISH- MENTS. Num- ber. 4,766 1,716 1,646 992 364 39 1,620 466 619 152 6,464 Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than S20,00O $20,000 but less than $100,000 . . - . $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . $1,000,000 and over Montana. Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . $1,000,000 and over Nebraska . Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . $1,000,000 and over Nevada . Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . New Hampshire . I^ess than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . $1,000,000 and over New Jersey. Less than $5,000 $6,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than SlOO.noo $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . $1,000,000 and over New Mexico. Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 '- New York. Less than $6,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than 8100,000. . . . $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . $1,000,000 and over North Carolina. Less than $6,000 15, 000 but less than $20,000 . $20,000 but less than 8100:000 8100,000 but less than 81,000,000 . $1,000,000 and over North Dakota. 2,524 1,983 1, 685 68 382 124 162 66 34 1,819 461 320 101 115 1,618 600 536 388 174 20 7,010 1,900 2,424 1,610 966 121 199 37,194 10, 338 13, 362 9,111 4,099 294 3,272 1,276 1,076 602 309 507 Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than 8100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . 285 132 66 241 Per cent. 100.0 36.1 34.6 20.9 7.6 0. 100.0 30.7 34.1 25.2 10.0 ICO.O 39.0 30.7 20.2 9.0 1.1 100.0 32.4 39, 17.3 8.9 1.6 100.0 51.6 24.8 17.6 6.5 0.5 100.0 40.9 33.9 18.3 6.9 100.0 30.9 33.1 24.0 10.8 1.2 100.0 27.1 34.6 23.0 13.6 1.7 100.0 47.2 31.7 16.6 4.5 100.0 27.8 35. 24.5 11.0 0.8 100.0 39.0 32.9 18.4 9.4 0.3 100.0 56.2 26.1 13.0 4, Amount. $184,903,271 4,158,738 10,875,838 25,860,290 84,339,626 69,668,779 60,266,309 1,162,626 4,618,022 12,904,526 31,571,136 379,368,827 5,244,288 14,286,728 39,946,618 138,09/, 796 181,793,497 52,689,810 305,668 1,128,989 2,894,907 8,811,941 39,448,306 80,235,310 1,902,847 3,461,374 8,334,165 26,261,799 41,276,125 2,891,997 199,680 412,255 740,914 1,539,148 109,496,072 1,431,430 6,074,075 14,223,694 45,091,688 43,674,286 715,060,174 5,011,883 18, 610, 179 62,977,716 290,457,060 338,003,346 4,638,248 229, 936 520, 077 1, 104, 370 2,783,865 2,031,459,516 20, 119, 762 77, 606, 609 257, 162, 287 905,171,924 771,399,033 141,000,639 2, 485, 824 6. 827, 307 21,023,141 73, 032, 826 37, 631, 642 5, 703, 837 731,592 945, 294 1, 849, 284 2, 177, 667 Per cent. 100.0 2.2 5.9 14.0 45.6 32.3 100.0 2.3 9.2 26.7 62.8 100.0 1.4 3.8 10.5 36.4 47.9 100.0 0.6 2.1 6.6 16.8 76.0 100.0 2.4 4.3 10.4 31.6 61.4 100.0 6.9 14.3 25.6 63.2 100.0 1.3 4.6 13.0 41.2 0.7 2.6 40.6 47.3 100.0 5.0 11.2 23.8 60.0 100.0 1.0 3. 12.7 44.5 38.0 100.0 1. 4. 14.9 51.8 26.7 100.0 12. S 16.6 32.4 38.2 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Aver- age num- ber. 69,636 1,968 6,397 13,258 34,456 13,658 Per cent. 100.0 2.8 9.2 19.0 49.5 19.6 38,690 100.0 1,045' 4,351 11,468 21,836 133,167 3,542 10,060 23,756 60,886 34,923 8,967 106 566 1,364 2.7 11.3 29.6 56.4 100.0 2.7 7, 17.8 45.7 26.2 100.0 1.2 6.2 16.1 34.6 42.9 20,260 100.0 1,034 1,980 3,727 6,369 7,160 66 106 235 65,366 801 3,617 9,141 29,222 22,685 266, 336 2,767 13,928 39, 147 128, 483 82,011 3,478 100 269 637 2,572 856, 947 14, 734 80,845 188,008 393, 872 179, 488 85, 339 2,946 8,573 17, 930 47, 351 8,539 1,756 290 439 691 435 6.1 9, 18.4 31.4 35.3 100.0 8.2 13.1 29.3 49.4 lOO.O L2 6.4 14.0 44.7 34.7 100.0 1.0 5.2 14.7 48.3 100.0 2.9 7.7 16.4 74.0 100.0 1.7 9.4 21.9 46.0 21.0 100.0 3.5 10.0 21.0 56.5 10.0 100.0 16.5 25.0 33.7 24.8 Wages. $35,843,145 867,646 3,284,446 6,712,366 17,703,023 7,275,664 14,819,034 349,1 1,591,593 4,227,361 8,650,998 66,644,126 1,339,888 4,676,134 11,560,174 31,145,149 17,922,781 8,652,217 67,476 427,544 1,057,635 2,501,226 4,598,336 11,022,149 426,790 1,003,192 1,999,893 3,463,629 4,138,746 693,407 47,244 91,827 221,312 333,024 27,693,203 331,713 1,603,067 4,265,467 12,121,661 9,371,295 128, 168, 801 1, 194, 611 6, 673, 411 18, 353, ' 61, 347, 646 40,699,624 2,153,068 60,013 169, 108 343,123 1, 600, 824 430, 014, 861 6, 995, 401 38, 396, 497 93, 257, 022 197. 979, 731 94, 386, 200 21, 376, 294 766, 610 2, 434, 921 4, 881, 021 11,141,576 2,151,266 1,031,307 1.50, 032 256, 784 384, 348 240, 143 Per cent. 100.0 2.4 9.2 18.7 49.4 20.3 100.0 2.4 10.7 28.6 58.4 100.0 2.0 7.0 17.4 46.7 26.9 100.0 0. 4.9 12.2 28.9 53.2 100.0 3.9 9.1 18.1 31.3 37 100.0 6. 13.3 31. 48.0 100.0 1.2 5, 15.4 43.8 100.0 0.9 6.2 14.3 47.9 3L7 100.0 2.3 7.4 16.9 74.4 100.0 1.4 8.9 21.7 46.0 22.0 100.0 3.6 11.4 22.8 52.1 10.1 100.0 14.5 24.9 37.3 23.3 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Amount. $24,493,840 426,795 1,279,336 3,093,771 11,339,563 8,354,385 5,855,767 Per cent. 100.0 1 6.2 12.6 46.3 34.1 100.0 139,468 677,291 1,860,294 3,288,724 49,622,467 746,682 2,071,1 6,618,140 17,415,948 23,669,709 4,062,081 42,738 183,830 340, 199 1,093,016 2,392,298 8,490,360 205,636 369,159 922,683 2,522,456 4,470,428 184,900 12,414 43,579 51,778 77,129 9,006,821 139,778 559,114 1,748,846 3,498,976 3,060,108 66,652,681 666, 384 1, 946, 668 6, 188, 691 30, 557, 135 27,294,003 428, 646 23,935 36, 749 106, 794 263, 068 301, 576, 788 2.4 31.6 56.2 100.0 1.5 4.2 11.3 36.2 47.8 100.0 1.1 4.5 8.4 27.0 59.0 100.0 2.4 4.3 10.9 29.7 52.7 100.0 6.7 23.6 28.0 41.7 100.0 1.6 6.2 19.4 38.8 34.0 100.0 0.9 2.9 9.3 46.9 41.0 100.0 5.6 8.3 24.7 61.4 100.0 3,282,406 1.1 12,192,419 4.0 43, 716, 230 14. 6 153,969,060 51.1 88, 426, 683j 29. 3 17,952,05o! 100.0 .324,822 1.8 1, 057, 975 5. 9 2,111,8331 11.8 5,934,8461 33. o! 8, 522, 574 47. 5' 1 54, .553' 10.7' 90,9291 17.8: 163, 702 32. 1' 200, 6961 39. 4l COST OF MATE- RIALS USED. Amount. $210,653,949 1,433,657 9,149,826 24,730,058 66,601,967 108,738,441 25,800,885 300,926 1,678,712 6,093,534 17,727,713 252,258,417 1,977,878 8,464,813 27,276,581 91,408,782 123,131,363 40,930,060 97,044 534,678 1,179,693 3,637,109 36,481,636 124,061,628 620,216 2,099,342 7,922,398 16,731,093 97,678,879 1,627,776 Per cent. 100.0 0.7 4.4 11.7 31.6 51.6 100.0 1.2 6.6 23.6 68.7 100.0 0.8 3, 10, 36.2 100.0 0.2 1.3 2.9 8.9 86.7 100.0 31,128 145,931 434,627 1,016,190 73,216,387 475,021 2,484,554 7,380,519 33,238,148 29,638,145 470, 449, 176 1, 710, .367 10,941,488 34, 269, 904 148, 663, 126 274, 874, 301 2,235,934 52,886 226, 076 661, 263 1,296,709 1,348,603,286 8,879,447 59, 572, 359 188, 208, 067 571, 248, 6,62 620,694,171 79,268,004 1,063,670 4, 661, 298 15, 292, 143 46, 161, 925 13, 098, 968 7,096,986 200, 671 621, 391 1, 773, 777 4,500,247 0.5 1.7 6.4 12.7 78.7 100.0 1 9.0 26.7 62, 100.0 0,6 3.4 10.1 46.4 40.5 100.0 0.4 2.3 7.3 31 68.4 loao 2.4 10.1 29. 67.9 100.0 0.7 4.4 13.9 42.4 38.6 100.0 1.3 6.9 19.3 67.0 16.5 100.0 2.8 26.0 63.4 VALUE OF PROD- UCTS, INCLUDING CUSTOM WORK AND REPAIRING. Amount. $307,868,073 4,189,970 17,401,291 42,029,326 111,696,06 132,541,419 67,451,446 1,172,486 5,551,093 16,360,354 34,377,612 439,548,957 6,056,336 20,344,366 56,376,635 167,436,866 189,336,764 Per cent. 100.0 1.4 6..6 13.6 36.3 43.1 100.0 2.0 9.7 28.5 59.8 100.0 1.4 4.6 12.8 38.1 43.1 66,416,462 100.0 326,145' 1,671,629 3,246,226 8,726,964 62,545,498 154,918,220 2,069,696 4,628,580 13,315,999 24,900, .M7 110,013,438 3,096,274 144,684 388,264 895,2; 1,668,100 123,610,904 1,269,094 5,681,962 16,188,7" 55,101,461 46,369,594 0.5 2.4 4.9 13.1 79.1 100.0 1.3 3.0 16.1 71.0 100.0 4.7 12.6 28.9 53.9 100. 1.0 4.6 13.1 44.6 36.7 774,369,025, 100.0 4,801,044 24,,S9S,!-li3 72,862,614 286,892,9.57 384, 863, 647 5, 705, S 0.6 3.2 9.4 37.1 49.7 ,100.0 212,673 604, 205 1, 385, 931 3, 603, 071 2,488,345,579 100.0 3.7 10.6 24.3 61.4 25, 516, 212 138,932,903 405, 213, 693 1,102,583,934 816, 099, 837 142, 620, 776 3,118,617 10, 894, 177 27,111,101 70,985,231 30,411,660 10,217,914 1.0 6.6 16.3 44.3 32.8 100.0 669, 773 1,262,776 2,^798, 317 6,487,048 2.2 7.7 19.0 49.8 21.3 100.0 6.5 12.4 27.4 53.7 1 Includes 1 estabUshment with products valued at $1,000,000 and over. 506 MANUFACTUEES. Table 10.— SUMMARY FOR ESTABLISHMENTS IN STATES AND TERRITORIES, BY VALUE OF PRODUCTS, WITH PER CENT IN EACH CLASS: 1905— Continued. STATE OB TEERITOET, AUD VALUE OF PP.0DUCT3. Ohio Less than $5,000 S5,000 but less than $20,000 S20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . . $1,000,000 and over Oklahoma Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . . Oregon Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . . $1,000,000 and over Pennsylvania Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . . $1,000,000 and over Ehode Island Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . . $1,000,000 and over South Carolina Les.s than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . . tl,000,000 and over South Dakota Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . . Tennessee I^ess than $5,000 $6,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . . $1,000,000 and over Texas Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . . $1,000,000 and over Utah Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $30,000 but less th.an $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . . $1,000,000 and over Vermont Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less tbnn .SIOO.OOO $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 . . $1,000,000 and over Virginia Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000 $100,000 but less than $1,000,000.. . $1,000,000 and over , ESTABLISH- MENTS. Num- ber. 13,7 Per cent. 100.0 4,Sj7| 4, 147j 3, 0.S.3| 1, X:S 13U 657 181 65 43 1,602 5S4 567 332 114 5 23,495 7,567 7,876 6,184 2,684 234 1,617 523 428 317 41 544 434 257 151 13 319 216 130 21 3,175 1,015 1,084 766 299 11 3,158 1,220 1,003 640 278 17 606 35. 2 30.1 22.4 11.3 1.01 100.0 56.0 27.6 9.9 6.5 100.0 36.5 36.4 20.7 7.1 0.3 100.0 32.2 33.5 22.1 11.0 1.2 100.0 19.1 32.3 26.5 19.6 2.5 100.0 38.9 31.0 18.4 10. 0. 100.0 48.6 31.6 18. 3.1 100.0 32.0 34.1 24.1 9.4 0.4 100.0 38.6 31.8 20. 8. 0.6 100.0 231 201i 129 40 6 38.1 33.2 21.3 6.6 0.8 100.0 426: 672l 483, 112' 61 26.1 39.5 28.4 6.6 0.4 3,187l 100.0 1, loo; 1, 192l 6031 268. 151 34. 37.4 18, 8. 0.6 Amount. $866, 988, 830 10,612,738 33, 086, 491 120,950,689 383,2.36,291 309, 103, 621 11, 107, 763 1, 001, 899 2,926,041 2,284,206 4,896,617 44,023,648 1, 566, 459 4,248,084 10,306,019 23, 373, 433 4, 629, 563 1, 995, 836, 988 21, 186, 076 70, 141, 349 225, 252, OGl 788, 428, 726 890, 828, 776 216,901,375 715, 704 3,741,438 13, 754, 096 111, 160,"- 86, 529, 228 113, 422, 224 1, 226, 163 4,957,169 14,368,163 67,280,410 26, 600, 339 7, 685, 142 911, 961 1, 676, 353 3, 177, 015 1, 919, 823 102, 439, 481 2, 464, 117 7, 164, 606 21, 902, 431 63,227,830 7,690,497 116,664,871 2, 843, 972 7, 761, 626 23, 926, 014 60, 608, 748 30, 564, 611 26,004,011 458, 645 1, 411, 303 4,295,008 8, 245, 680 11, 593, 475 62, 658, 741 1,381,496 6, 316, 979 13, 884, 494 26,674,149 16, 502, 624 147,989,182 2, 708, 017 9, 282, 413 21,968,898 63,289,975 50,739,879 Per cent. 100.0, 1.2 3. 14.1 44.7 36.1 100.0 9.0 26.3 20.6 44.1 100.0 3.6 9.6 23.4 53.1 10.3 100.0 1.1 3.5 11.3 39.6 44.6 100.0 0.3 1.7 6.4 61.6 40.1 100.0 1.1 4.4 12.6 69.3 22.6 100.0 12.0 20.8 41.9 25.3 100.0 2.4 7.0 21.4 61.7 7.6 100.0 2.6 6.7 20.7 43.7 26.4 100.0 1.8 5.4 16.5 31.7 44.6 100. 2.2 8.5 22.2 40.8 26.3 100.0 1.8 6.3 14.8 42.8 34.3 WAGE-EAENERS AND WAGES. Aver- age num- ber. 364,298 7,831 24, 003 66,880 181, 411 84, 173 3,199 436 814 . 686 1,263 18, 623 747 2,820 6,228 8,620 1,108 763,282 11, 307 46, 076 127, 130 325, 475 253,294 97, 318 449 2,956 9,595 50, 490 33,829 59,441 100.0 Per cent. 100.0 2.1 6.6 18.4 49.8 23.1 100.0 13. 25.5 21.4 39.5 JOO.O 4.0 15.2 28.2 46.6 6.0 100.0 1.6 6.0 16.7 42.6 33.2 100.0 0.5 3.0 51, 34.8 1,425 4,191 8,752 33, 375 11, r- 2,492 384 687 526 60,572 1,784 6,260 16,318 30, 419 6,791 49,066 1, 676 6,307 12, 398 21, 438 8,248 8,062 302 935 1,1 , 163 2.4 7.1 14.7 56.1 19.7 100.0 15.4 27.6 35, 21.1 100.0 3.0 10.3 26.9 50.2 9.6 100.0 3.4 10, 26.3 43.7 16.8 100.0 3.7 U.6 20.7 39.3 24.7 33,106 100.0 4,246 10, Oil 13, 174 4,923 80, 285 2,374 8,996 14, 992 36, 224 17,699 2.3 12.8 30.2 100.0 3.0 11.2 18.7 45.1 22.0 Wages. $182, 429, 425 2, 936, 794 10, 739, 081 30, 947, 572 90, 630, 421 47,175,657 1,655,324 183, 5o3 416, 676 3.58, 494 696, 621 11, 443, 512 371, 561 1, 704, 206 3,229,681 6, 462, 710 675, 364 367,960,890 4,103,828 19, 432, 477 65,053,164 150, 369, 659 139,011,762 43, 112, 637 195, 547 1, 664, 806 4, 659, 482 21,767,711 15,034,092 13, 868, 950 344, 518 1, 043, 728 2, 186, 998 7, 768, 896 2, 524, 811 1, 421, 680 169, 737 393, 737 531, 627 326, ,579 22,805,628 579,479 2,256,472 5, 864, 551 11, 426, 492 2, 680, 634 24, 468, 942 639,. 2, 503, 662 6,852,711 11, 385, 968 4,087,265 6, 157, 400 140, 334 517, 140 906, 668 2, 057, 271 1, 636, 097 15, 221, 059 322, 506 2, 003, 143 4, 723, 809 5, 854, 394 2, 317, 208 27,943,058 646,365 2,844,493 5,152,668 12, 120, 954 7,179,688 Per cent. 100.0 1.6 6, 17.0 49.7 25.8 100.0 11.1 25.2 21.6 42.1 100.0 3.3 14.9 28.2 47.7 5, 100.0 1.1 6.3 14. 40.9 37.8 lOO.O 0.4 3.6 10.6 50.6 34.9 100.0 2.5 7.5 16. 56.0 18.2 100.0 11.9 27.7 37.4 23.0 100.0 2.6 9.9 25.7 60.1 11.8 2. 10.2 23.9 46.6 16.7 100.0 2.7 10.0 17, 39.9 29.8 100.0 2.1 13.2 31.0 3S.6 16.2 100.0 2.3 10.2 18.4 43.4 25 7 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Amount. $102, 704, 746 1,276,030 3, 578, 930 12, 768, 709 46, 474, 000 38,607,077 979, 016 78, 331 177, 131 222, 412 501, 142 4, 186, 695 Per cent. 100.0 1.2 3.5 12.4! 45.3 37.6 100.0 145, 432 532, 348 1, 046, 736 2,099,227 361,863 167,267,247 2, 349, 018 7, 013, 593 21,398,870 73,285,687 63,219,679 14, 623, 430 98, 192 460, 631 1, 444, 060 7, 812, 688 4, 807, 969 6, 013, 241 121,222 436, 676 846, 699 3,346,289 1,262,465 833,360 86, 735 160, 089 376, 666 210, 880 12, 090, 099 283, 268 958, 076 2, 637, 859 7, 185, 606 1,025,290 12, 215, 472 312, 280 956, 481 2, 519, 696 6,224,937 2,202,079 I 1, 465, 707 46, 735 173, 707 402,611 690, 541 162, 113 4,923,-366 117, 379 554, 186 1,331,648 2,046,033 874, 120 14,403,382 332, 944 1,090,8,58 2,205,872 6, ,378, 369 4, 396, 349 8,0 18.1. 22.7 51.2 100.0 3.5 12.7 26.0 50.2 8.6 100.0 1.4 4, 12, 43.8 37.8 100.0 0.7 3.1 9.9 53.4 32.9 100.0 2.0 7.3 14.1 65.6 21.0 100.0 10.4 19.2 45.1 25.3 100.0 2.4 7.9 21.8 59.4 8.5 100. 2.6 7.8 20.6 61.0 IS.O 100.0 3. 11.8 27.6 47.1 10.4 100.0 2.4 11.3 27.0 41, 17.7 100.0 2.3 7.6 15,3 44.3 30.5 COST OF MATE- KIALS USED. 3527, 636, 585 4, 126, ,522 18, 290, 374 68, 387, 896 231, 888, 136 204, 943, 668 11,545,306 260, 621 703, 928 2,047,054 8, 5.33, 703 30, 596, 763 488, 752 2, 163, 370 7, 192, 959 14, 568, 527 6, 193, 165 1,142,942,707 7, 229, 936 37,067,080 111, 640, 642 396,995,977 690,019,072 112,872,261 264, 681 2,115,270 8, 682, 527 53, 461, 324 48, 468, 469 49,968,626 386, 671 1,788,011 6,675,110 28, 286, 601 12, 833, 333 8,696,831 198, 022 1, 125, 1 4,016,997 3,356,823 79, 351, 746 841, 066 6, 171, 854 18, 107, 685 42, 025, 366 13,205,875 91, 603, 630 812, 460 3, 484, 164 14,861,462 42,306,469 30,140,096 24,939,827 170, 306 1, 024, 644 3,211,163 5,42,5,942 16, 107, 773 32, 429, 862 446, 547 3, ISO, 5.^5 10, 7S2, 085 15, ISO, 924 2, 830, 7C1 83,649,149 922,611 6,661,258 13, 589, 176 46,311,409 18,164,696 Per cent. 100.0 O.S 3.6 13.0 43.9 38, 100.0 2.3 6.1 17.7 73.9 100.0 1.6 7.1 23.6 47.6 20.2 100.0 VALUE OF PROD- UCTS, INCLUDINO CUSTOM WORK AND REPAIRING. Amount. O.fl 3, 34.7 51.6 100.0 0.2 1.9 7.6 47.4 42.9 100.0 0.8 3.6 13.3 56.6 25.7 100.0 2.3 12.9 46.2 38.6 100.0 1.1 6.5 22.8 53.0 16.6 100.0 0. 3.8 16.2 46.2 32.9 100.0 0.7 4.1 12.9 21.7 100.0 1.4 9.8 33.3 46, 8.7 100.0 1.1 6.8 16.2 64.2 21.7 $960,811,867 11,864,202 42, 632, 139,906,296 434,781,943 331, 726, 477 16,549,656 829, 820 1,762,269 3, 198, 660 10,769,017 56,626,123 100.0 Per cent. 100.0 1.2 4.4 14.6 46.3 34.5 100.0 5.0 1J.7 19.3 65.0 1, 529, 491 5, 821, 749 14,162,072 26, 138, 494 7,873,317 1,955,651,332 18, 788, 80, 441, 200 231, 119, 163 723, 662, 644 901,539,»26 202, 109, 683 807,109 6, 392, 826 18,617,869 97,235,874 80,056,910 79,376,262 1,267,021 4, 342, 225 11,448,262 44, 611, 168 17,817,606 • 13,086,333 751, S32 2, 202, 435 5, 886, 287 4,245,779 137, 960, 476 2, 607, 791 11,301,086 33, 533, 276 71, 720, 062 18, 796, 261 150, 628, 389 2, 986, 301 9, 966, 8S4 28, 587, 387 69, 958, 763 39,030,054 38,926,464 485, 115 2,213,115 5, 862, 721 9, 687, 447 20,978,066 63, 083, 611 1, 190, 017 7, 031, 382 19, 927, 286 26, 459, 867 8, 476, 059 148,856,525 2,710,616 12,578,958 25,678,424 73,817,089 34,071,439 2.7 10.5 25.5 47.1 14.2 100.0 1.0 4.1 11.8 37.0 46.1 100.0 0.4 2.7 9.2 48.1 39.6 100.0 L6 5.5 14.4 66.1 22.4 100.0 6.7 16.8 45.0 32. S 100.0 24.3 52.0 13.6 100.0 2.0 6.6 19.0 46.5 100.0 1.2 6.7 14.3 24.9 63.9 100.0 1.9 11.2 31.6 41.9 13.4 100.0 1.8 8.5 17.2 49.6 22.9 GENERAL TABLES. 507 Table lO.— SUMMARY FOR ESTABLISHMENTS IN STATES AND TERRITORIES, BY VALUE OF PRODUCTS, WITH PER CENT IN EACH CLASS: 190,5— Continue J. STATE OE TERRITORY, AND VALUE OF TRODUCTS. Washington Less than SS,000 S5,00O but less than $20,000 .. $20,000 but less than $100,000. . . $100,000 but less than $1,000,000. $1,000,000 and over West VirgLnia Less than $5,000 R5,000 but less than $20,000 S20,000 but less than $100,000. . . $100,000 but less than $1,000,000. $1,000,000 and over Wisconsin Less than $5,000 S.I.OOO but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100,000. . . $100,000 but less than $1,000,000. $1,000,000 and over Wyoming Less than $5,000 $5,000 but less than $20,000 $20,000 but less than $100.000. . . $100,000 but less than $1,000,000. ESTABLISH- MENTS. Num- ber. Per cent. 2,751 100.0 977 7;:i8 238 13 2,109 27.8 35.5 27.6 8.6 0.5 100.0 775 707 ■H3 170 14 8,558 2,955 3,355 1,569 621 58 169 36.7 33.6 21.0 8.1 0.7 100.0 34.5 39.2 18.3 7.3 0.7 100.0 Amount. $96,953,621 1,937,311 7.045,583 22,667,842 51.326,936 13,974,949 86,820,823 Per cent. 100.0 2.0 7.3 23.4 52.9 14.4 100.0 2,431.508 6,528,322 19,823,4,M 41,869,562 16,167,977 412,647,051 6,993,721 17,990,921 50,485,693 181,771,828 155,404,888 2,695,889 43.8 37.9; 13.6 4.7 153,192 531,084 1,004,261 1,007,352 2.8 7.5 22.9 48.2 18.6 100.0 1.7 4.4 12.2 44.0 37.7 100.0 5.7 19.7 37.2; 37.41 TVAGE-EARNEES AND WAGES. Aver- age num- ber. 45, 199 895 5,234 14, 562 20, 411 4,097 43,758 1,180 3,914 10,657 21,487 6,520 151,391 11,220 26,882 78,326 31,365 1,834 72 202 229 1,331 Per cent. 100.0 2.0 ll.'O 32.2 45.1 9.1 100.0 24.4 49.1 14.9 100.0 2.4 7.4 17.8 51.7 20.7 100.0 3.9 11.0 12.5 72.6 Wages. $30,087,287 613,701 3,614,274 10,026,845 13,257,085 2,775,382 21, 153, 042 450,300 1,736,438 4, 939, 468 10,471,294 3,555,542 71,471,805 1,435,316 5,187,396 12,282,506 36,492,270 17,074,318 1,261,122 41,507 135,991 143,756 939, 868 Per cent. 100.0 1.7 11.7 33.3 44.1 9.2 100.0 2.1 8.2 23.4 49.5 16.8 100.0 2.0 7.2 17.2 49.7 23.9 100.0 3.3 10. 8i 11.41 74.5 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Amount. $11,034,750 1,644,459 5,349,507 2,856,963 1,034,516 250,305 8,266,716 202, 119 634, 110 1,704,076 4,408,063 1,318,348 45, 674, 156 635,615 1, 844, 044 6, 700, 703 19,029.486 18,464,408 420,597 20,304 53, 259 114,818 232, 216 Per cent. 100.0 14.0 48.6 25.9, 9.4 2.2 100. o! 2.4 7.7 20.6 63.31 16.0 100. o' 1.4 4.0' 12.6 41. 7i 40.4 100. o' 4.8 12.71 27.3 56.2: COST OF MATE- RIALS USED. $66, 166, 165 608,916 3,807,767 13,8,52,337 27,626,292 20,370,863 64,419,206 608,332 3,304,035 9,029,677 23, 795, 747 17,681,415 227,255,092 3,670,714 21,059,564 39,073,377 95,561,201 67,890,236 1,300,773 49,266 203,710 622,699 525, 198 Per cent. 100.0 0.9 6.8 20.9 41.6 30. 100.0 1.1 6.1 16.6 43.7 32.6 100.0 1.6 9.3 17.2 42.0 15.6 40.2 40.4 VALUE OF PROD- UCTS, INCLUDINQ CUSTOM WORK AND REPAIRING. Amount. $128,821,667 100.0 Per cent. 1,962,006 10,749,963, 32, 957, 7021 65,160,426 28,001,570 99,040,676 1,818,126 7,340,887 19,041,468 45,686,216 25,154,989 411, 139, 681 7, 739, 277 33,42.5,147 67, 778, 742 177,248,223 124, 948, 292 3,523,260 180, 100 562,968 950,524 1,823,678 1.5 8.4 25.6 100.0 1.9 7.4 19.2 46.1 26.4 100.0 1.9 8.1 16.5 43.1 30.4 100.0 5.1 16.0 27.0 51.9 508 MANUFACTURES. Table 1 1 .—ESTABLISHMENTS AND PRODUCTS. GROUPED BY VALUE OF PRODUCTS, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OP INDUSTRIES: 1905. [In this table values have been omitted wherever they disclosed the products of individual establishments.] Group 1.— FOOD ANJB KINDRED PKODUCXS. INDUSTRY. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. United States Beet sugar Bread and other balsery products . Butter Butter, reworlcing Canning and preserving, fish Canning and preserving, fruits- and vegetables Canning and preserving, oysters. Cheese Chocolate and cocoa products . . . Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding Condensed millc Confectionery Cordials and sirups Flavormg extracts Flour and grist mill products Food preparations Glucose Lard, refined Oleomargarine Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling Piclcles, preserves, and sauces . .. Rice, cleaning and polishing Sausage Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale Slaughtering, wholesale, not in- cluding meat paelcing Sugar and molasses, refining. — Vinegar and cider United States Awnings, tents, and sails Bags, other than paper Belting and hose, linen Carpets and rugs, other than rag Carpets, rag Cloth, sponging and refinishing. Clothing, horse Clothing, men's Clothing, men's, buttonholes. . . Clothing, women's Collars and cuffs Cordage and twine Corsets Cotton goods Cotton small wares Cotton waste Dyeing and finishing textiles. . . Felt goods Flags and banners Flax and hemp, dressed Furnishing goods, men's Hammoclis Hand knit goods Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool Hats, felt Hats, wool. Hosiery and knit goods Jute and jute goods linen goods Mats and matting Millinery and lace goods Nets and seines Oakum Oilcloth and linoleum, floor Oilcloth, enameled Regalia and society banners and emblems Shirts Shoddy Silk and silk goods Upholstering materials Wool pulling Wool scouring Woolen goods Worsted goods 45, 790 $2, 845, 234, 900 61 18, 227 5,235 35 373 2,261 69 3,610 25 421 81 1,348 63 377 10, 051 766 9 9 14 30 528 74 292 370 344 568 Value of products. 24, 393, 794 269,609,061 118, 520, 999 7,271,086 26, 377, 210 78,142,022 3,986,239 29, 138, 100 14,389,699 84, 188, 391 20,523,690 87,087,253 3, 509, 758 7, 772, 070 713,033,395 61,180,416 24, .566, 932 6,128,601 5, 573, 725 7,260,810 29,696,287 16,296,916 8, 122, 904 801, 757, 137 112,1.57,487 277, 285, 449 7, 265, 469 LESS THAN $5,000. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. $32,887,319 6,692 702 1 92 816 11 1,183 2 41 1 169 13 150 514 229 4 155 3 70 Value of products. 20, 063, 117 1,984,697 176, 598 1,894,740 28,4.56 3,765,078 118, 576 614,307 33,605 328, 628 1, 869, 134 681, 757 7,626 171,116 9,934 66, 100 801,118 $5,000 BUT LESS THAN $20,000. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 20, 899 $217,684,608 9,352 2,647 762 15 2,300 2 5 526 20 133 4,166 236 192 1 119 Value of products. 90,428,690 31,761,456 834,363 7,913,113 195, 580 20, 894, 460 1,015,236 61,108 5,583,923 186, 891 1,296,313 48,748,620 2,491,681 2,053,826 1,233,134 694, 770 838, 260 339, 497 829, 437 $20,000 BUT LESS THAN $100,000. Nmn- ber of estab- lish- ments. 10,340 1 1,897 1,795 7 118 492 31 123 3 142 28 444 22 74 4,246 202 118 15 165 136 116 62 Value of products. $423,825,085 67,332,897 65,181,261 289,266 6, 122, 620 21,669,560 1,415,922 3, 900, 407 191,456 6, 973, 199 1,643,788 21,115,360 1,025,507 2,712,140 179,263,525 9, 752, 82S 497, 724 6,538,162 3, 565, 497 8,100,374 6,696,147 7, 143, 580 2,614,979 $100,000 BUT LESS THAN $1,000,000. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 2,975 44 272 90 18 89 187 12 4 16 135 46 204 8 20 1,039 89 2 3 7 16 61 64 12 140 147 18 Value of products. $802, 067, 438 16, 033, 507 68, 700, 890 5, 849, 798 19, 243, 729 41,136,698 2,346,281 578, 165 7,365,108 38, 1.54,, 500 16, 660, 124 62, 139, 831 2, 264, 855 3,434,489 280,199,762 23,610,422 684,794 2,791,106 6,022,314 16,624,836 13,293,400 42,633,214 38,161,176 3,019,936 $1,000,000 AND OVER. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Value of products. 284 $1,368,880,550 6 14 1 1 23,083,467 4 6,627,911 2 14 2 37,926,880 5 7,733,842 87 10 7 202,952,454 24,743,728 2 1 1 2 1 1 711, 241, 093 61,980,942 231, 575, Os6 Group 3 TEXTIL.es. 17,042 $2,147,441,418 390 79 20 139 363 65 23 4,504 141 3,351 44 102 109 1,077 77 41 360 39 31 17 603 14 65 415 216 17 1,079 16 15 12 860 12 6 Id 11 140 641 97 624 236 34 37 7:12 220 11,269,170 37,399,087 2, 836, 699 61,586,433 1,918,286 1,052,939 2,139,496 356, 796, 571 700, 1.58 217,661,660 12, 687, 277 48,017,139 14, 862, 081 442,451,218 8, 016, 486 8, 343, 328 50, 849, 545 8,948,694 854,692 346,963 36,444,305 446,816 518,316 12,955,490 36,629,3.53 2,457,266 136,558,139 9,066,802 5,856,388 1,242,996 50,777.768 1,724,012 361,198 10,388,237 4,404,009 4, 753, 266 60,971,105 8,406,425 133, 288, 072 12,677,510 881,706 1,0.52,909 142,196,6.58 165, 715, 0.52 2 830 91 288 79 , 1 1 ■ 3 112 4 $6, 637, 758 249, 285 38,936 16,398 638,213 23,016 2, 287, 748 237,976 829, 184 10,869 23,928 66,663 43, 855 23,694 83,441 167,094 "'96,657' 258,985 61,337 216,836 "'6,' 675 120,511 234, 570 36, 525 96,817 164,483 309, 667 4,774 $51,563,812 201 7 3 6 1,771 47 939 94 1 13 10 163 6 17 169 61 2 180 1 2,101,369 76, 301 61.. 527 884, 886 '8,519,969 396, 926 10,571,614 94,968 119,674 207, 877 493,052 102, 304 65, 040 1,086,059 128, 589 130, 155 1,668,855 60,611 163,063 1,709,560 665,316 2, 135, 207 56 230 25 101 87 18 10 85 2, 783, 092 M 597,856 2,432,941 272, 475 1,190,256 982, 366 228, 309 117,941) 880, 173 6,340 $258,905,477 94 15 6 46 18 21 14 1,163 3 1,438 16 28 36 236 37 15 137 10 7 5 179 4 6 137 60 7 444 4 4 2 352 2 3 2 2 30 227 29 204 57 11 16 183 41 3,959,206 767, 862 312,476 2,717,194 496, 187 727,994 813, 426 52,727,642 66,266 70,812,653 892, 366 1,618,231 1,687,360 13,976,106 1,723,203 847,521 6, 518, 795 332, 537 208,658 8,102,448 238,503 6, 743, 047 3,291,900 22, 540, 419 16,074,266 81,087 1,364,863 10,373,599 1,495,369 10,438,641 2, 395, 326 470, 026 'io;237,'473 2, 293, 340 4,132 $1, 174, 229, 045 4 701 11 41 23 687 22 15 92 27 104 1 ■1 22 71 9 4 148 6 1 6 5 99 28 264 35 1 1 381 128 16,309,915 2, 490, 256 20,101,644 1,213,746 193,816,622 161,410,497 4,237,870 14,345,657 7,692,942 230,056,073 6,167,285 4,428,989 30, 266, 218 8, 263, 070 24, •222, 401 5,243,898 21,389,673 2,163,958 96,646,967 3,278,068 4,248,680 1,084,315 30,593,056 1,631,557 1, 746, 000 24,994,164 6, 602, 056 81,783,^14 9,135,336 23 105,456,823 62,666,524 $656, 105, 326 20,217,083 "38,'b96,776- 88,444,690' 14, 037, 712" 7,351,204 32,009,649 6, 217, 239 197,884,132: 12,905,032- 11,231,127 "ieiois^iio 8,514,498 12,935,831 '39,' '778,' 944 25,312,622 110,681,359' GENERAL TABLES. 509 Table 1 1.— ESTABLISHMENTS AND PRODUCTS, GROUPED BY VALUE OF PR0UU(;TS, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. [In this table values have been omitted wherever they disclosed tlie products of individual establishments.] Group 3. -IRON AIVD STEEL AND THEIK PRODUCTS. LESS THAN $5,000. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments Value of products. Num- ber of estab- lish- iments. United States ' 14,239 32,176,739,726 Cash registers and calculating machines Cutlery and edge tools Files Firearms Foundry and machine shop prod- ucts Gas machines and meters Hardware Hardware, saddlery Horseshoes ", Iron and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, wash- ers, and rivets, not made in rolling mills or steel works I,ron and steel, doors and shut- ters Iron and steel forgings Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails, not made in_rolling mills or steel works Iron and steel pipe, wrought Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Locomotives Ordnance and ordnance stores. . . Pens, steel Safes and vaults Saws Scales and balances Screws, machine Screws, wood Sewing machines and attach- ments Springs, steel, car and carriage.. Steam fittings and heating ap- paratus Stencils and brands Stoves and furnaces, not includ- ing gas and oil stoves Stoves, gas and oil Structural ironwork Tin and terne plate Tools, not elsewhere specified Typewriters and supplies Vault lights and ventilators Wire Wirework, including wire rope and cable 32 254 62 30 89 443 190 21 138 415 15 4 5 31 83 85 26 7 46 52 176 103 79 775 36 584 66 24 25 649 9, 875, 099 18,614,929 4,391,745 8,275,560 685,901,388 5,630,975 45,770,171 4,820,726 798, 981 231,822,707 14,687, 1,477,235 12,110,395 8, 922, 896 17, 400, 912 673, 965, 026 59, 552. 092 557, 903 473,847 7,861,069 9, 819, 787 6, 002, 638 2,711,600 2, 133, 844 20,869,870 5,740,836 24,910,857 793,421 54,409,108 7, 723, 697 90,944,697 35, 283, 360 20,407,372 10,640,495 484, 466 37,914,419 33, 038, 495 199 Value of products. $7,562,695 15 203 64, 726 190, 078 66, 148 13, 867 26,815 15,455 47,630 146, 261 89,433 33, 293 252, 923 572, 191 20,873 29,441 S5,000 BUT LESS THAN $20,000. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Value of products. 844,4.87,053 6 63 25 3 2,781 36 136 24 3 5 18 12 49 40 86 15 207 74,117 732, 800 212, 240 30,238,027 379, 907 1,574,459 227, 446 128, 980 132, 939 277,482 30, 031 119,179 315,108 377,624 221,427 142, 492 581, 661 353,592 999, 163 154, 540 2,315,451 1,899,347 166,646 65,470 2,305,326 $20,000 BUT LESS $100,000 BUT LESS THAN $100,000. THAN $1,000,000. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 15 137 19 3 13 33 32 275 3 111 2 156 Value of products. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Value of products. $194,912,691 2,735 ! $804,514,807 632, 878 3,886,101 576,936 562, 250 129,499,984 764, 135 6, 708, 846 839, 972 94, 944 723, 183 1,531,014 203, 824 2,032,642 1,4.55,880 413,427 ', 357, 509 467,253 1,174,777 1,142,233 471,977 180, 350 778,882 2,583,695 7, 808, 718 1,465,533 12,996,123 219,398 4,670,556 980,666 6 50 6 13 1,414 14 81 14 2 122 21 12 227 6 1 1 16 12 12 19 191 21 50 19 1 16 10,620 465 2,521,350 6,023,652 377, 285, 594 4,422,207 20, 889, 652 3,687,160 57, 717, 931 8, 732, 714 1,140,472 9, 752 893 6,082,879 4, 798, 014 101,297,782 3, 128, 119 5, 698, 228 3,090,571 3, 083, 768 2,161,776 394, 214 3,552,256 4,804,007 17, 890, 419 36, 488, 141 6,070,331 51,065,705 9, 940, 551 4,330,296 '" 5,' 738.' 753 17,083,087 81,000,000 AND OVER. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 357 $1,125,262,480 2 2 1 1 81 143, 770, 120 10 16,407,136 49 Value of products. 173,321,243 4,280,533 12,159,440 570, 175, 787 56,423,973 16, 889, 022 3,807,452 9,023,653 14 12 1 24, 314, 495 25,123,411 5, 142, 014 32,022,742 6,585,834 eroup 4.-L,UMBER AND ITS REIHANUFACTURES. United States 32,726 $1,223,730,336 10,433 $26,837,627 1 11,257 $116,925,829 8,107 $361,773,901 2,886 $6.55,952,400 43 $62, 240, 579 104 486 48 297 1,023 74 239 1,517 50 2,482 55 442 19, 127 5,009 23 17 115 111 13 8 141 20 26 1,097 ■202 .883, 731 5,187,263 2, 222, 922 7, 786, 286 57,047,743 1,291,754 20, 266, 110 49,424,394 4,490,952 170, 446, 825 2, 519, 771 13,269,645 580,022,690 247,441,956 5,646,741 1,467,407 2, 852, 623 7, 347, 935 248,906 5, 272, .547 5, 721, 724 801, 266 3,368,480 20, 169, 173 8,531,492 47 306 7 90 237 41 34 573 13 346 7 106 7,131 921 1 1 57 21 7 110,218 524, 829 16,370 242,350 617, 603 78, 725 70, 974 1,437,447 32,111 922, 952 13,562 293, 455 18,722,775 '2,371,035 49 118 25 113 273 23 43 532 12 611 15 191 7,049 1,597 437,526 1,171,727 302, 237 1,220,840 2,939,688 261,660 456 628 5,434,384 98,301 6,698,078 175,578 1,918,567 72, 223, 143 17,348,922 7 55 14 75 345 7 99 296 18 1,030 27 116 3,671 1,871 10 7 27 40 1 2 58 14 10 249 68 1 7 2 19 167 3 63 114 6 487 6 29 1,254 616 11 4 6 24 1 4 13 1 10 28 11 Baskets, and rattan and willow 2,034,993 1,465,714 Billiard tables and materials 3,012,939 16,854,218 281,492 4,783,303 13,157,909 1,012.068 50, 758, 124 1,373,622 5,087,727 164,690,787 86, 660, 290 3,310,157 1 669, 877 14,955,205 Coffins, burial cases, and under- Cooperage Cork, cutting 2 1 8 99,544,114 967, 009 5,969,896 304,467,321 135, 430, 209 3,998,719 1,156,612 1,054,284 5,114,974 12, 523, 657 Looking-glass and picture frames Lumber and timber products Lumber, planing mill products, .including sash, doors, and 22 4 1 29,918,664 5,631,500 5 26 26 4 257, 822-, 1,426,337 1,935,475 Pumps, not including steam 125,439 50,734 14, 536 246,563 246,762 1,483,769 2,414,523 2 20 2 1 401 63 56,474 50 3 4 419 69 539, 006 36, 200 2,711,722 639,099 526, 137 10,105,210 2,781,571 i,737,6i6 4,769,415 1 Wood, turned and carved Woodenware, not elsewhere spec- 970,873 154,663 4,323,675 713, 827 { 1 510 MANUFACTURES. Table 1 1 .— ESTABLISHIVIENTS AND PRODUCTS, GROUPED BY VALUE OF PRODUCTS, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. INDUSTRY. [In this table values have been omitted wherever they disclosed the products of individual establishments.] Group 5.-L,EATHEK AND ITS FINISHED PKODUCTS. Gloves and mittens, leather Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried, and fin- ished Pocketbooks Saddlery and harness Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. United States 4,945 Belting and hose, leather 117 Boot and shoe cut stock 290 Boot and shoe findmgs : 214 Boot and shoe uppers 75 Boots and shoes 1,316 339 423 1,049 46 1,076 Value of products. $705,747,470 14,220,306 27,675,815 9, 355, 020 549,867 320, 107, 458 17,740,385 17,655,345 252,620,986 3, 767, 446 42, 054, 842 LESS THAN $5,000. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Value of products. 746 9 39 37 45 142 76 106 171 12 110 $1,902,198 89, 132 112,344 377,046 203,794 247,630 367,636 35, 837 343,205 $5,000 BUT LESS THAN $20,000. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 1,493 29 89 85 24 239 92 148 166 14 607 Value of products. $15,858,343 366, 026 871, 130 980, 262 244, 652 2,597,986 1,063,202 1,584,798 1,784,182 129,213 6,236,892 $20,000 BUT LESS THAN $100,000. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 50 95 71 6 362 124 128 244 10 260 Value of products. $65,066,040 2,217,986 4, 155, 624 3,301,719 192, 871 18, 248, 001 5,677,772 5,946,048 12,911,730 414, 459 11,999,830 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. $100,000 BUT LESS THAN $1,000,000. Value of products. 1,241 $403,992,524 7, 175, 468 64 18, 692, 975 21 4, 983, 907 511 420 10 179,804,623 10,795,617 9, 876, 869 146,000,213 3,187,937 23, 474, 915 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. $1,000,000 AND OVER. Value of products. $218,928,366 119,079,8 Group 6.— PAPER AND PRINTING. United States 30,787 $857,112,286 Bags, paper Bookbinding and blank book making Boxes, fancy and paper Card cutting and designing Cardboard, not made in paper mills Engraving and diesinking. . . Engraving, steel, includine plate printing Engraving, wood Envelopes Labels and tags Lithographing and engraving — Paper and wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere speci- fied Paper patterns Photo lithographing and photo- engraving Printing and publishing, book and job Printing and publishing, music. . Printing and publishing, news- papers and periodicals Printing materials Stereotyping and electrotyping. , Wall paper 790 60 4 305 215 114 72 67 248 761 232 26 223 8,244 145 77 146 44 10,086,863 25,223,660 36,866,589 1,083,278 1,664,303 2,422,487 5,943,080 647,909 10,222,366 2,462,497 25,246,266 188,716,189 22,169,202 2,265,125 I 7,208,202 182,611,720 4,147,783 309,327,606 1,207,163 5,006,338 12,636,580 16,329 323 76 19 170 72 79 3 12 31 23 40 7 27 3,850 42 11,609 23 14 $38,368,573 20,349 790,728 234,551 60,381 412,239 180,344 170,035 9,813 32,539 75,066 74,086 113,190 14,263 70,106 9,003,738 98,721 26,805,495 62,886 44,044 8,643 354 253 26 1 106 93 29 17 26 60 69 2,677 59 4,608 41 47 1 $83,479,987 3,566, 3,067, 231, 990,216 1,003, 256, 192, 277, 721, 749, 856, 78, 1,087, 26,305, 42,350,712 460,563 559,977 4,192 3180,061,212 176 379 14 1 28 41 6 28 21 91 264 j t5 5 83 1,370 31 970,036 7,457,581 16,195,046 I 1,604,872 221,308 1,349,927 842,766 4,479,068 14,204,394 3,014,633 234,072 3,206,793 57,957,119 1,153,839 1,477 61,103,719 11 79 3,519,760 10 1,641 j $412,122,845 \ 20 54 87 2 1 1 63 395 50 6 18 340 13 411 2 6 32 6,316,821 8,670,617 1,309,778 15,497,673 126,385,745 1,938,566 2,905,360 79,784,483 2,286,706 110,691,677 881,567 10,987,004 33 $143,089,639 4,471,770 47,301,705 ,471,279 68,476,003 Group 7.— liIQUORS AND BEVERAGES. United States- Liquors, distilled Liquors, malt Liquors, vinous Mult Mineral and soda waters. 6,381 1,531 435 141 3,469 $601,266,605 131,269,886 298,358,732 11,097,853 30,288,984 30,261,160 392 128 166 $0,531,470 868,777 361,150 1,939 ! 4,883.145 I $17,460,042 1,722,398 2,965,990 11,024,039 1,005 $47,201,600 134 j 479 97 ! 60 246 0,043,607 25,220,491 4,243,643 2,671,293 9,022,506 819 76 620 28 72 23 $240,319,707 21,097, ;32 185,751,904 4,833,301 23,315,810 5,321,460 71 $189,747,286 22 101,637,912 46 I 84,069,197 4,140,177 GENERAL TABLES. 511 Table 11.— ESTABLISHMENTS AND PRODUCTS, GROUPED BY VALUE OF PRODUCTS, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. [In this table values have been omitted wherever they disclosed the products of individual establishments] Qroup 8.— CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS. United States. Axle grease Baldng and yeast powders. , . Blacljing Bluing Bone, ivory, and lamp black. Num- ber of estat)- lish- ments. Calcium lights Candles Chemicals Cleansing and polishing prepara- tions Drug grinding Druggists' preparations Dyestuffs and extracts Explosives Fertilizers Gas, illuminating and heating. Glue Grease and tallow. Ink, printing Ink, writing Oil, castor Oil. cottonseed and cake Oil , essential Oil, lard Oil, linseed Oil, not elsewhere specified Paints Patent medicines and compounds Perfumery and cosmetics Petroleum, refining. Salt Soap Starch Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids. Turpentine and rosin Varnishes Wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin 9,680 51,031,965,263 25 164 138 56 25 17 275 156 27 240 98 124 400 1,019 58 300 60 42 4 Value of products. 879, 483 19,012,521 5,941,042 678, 737 647,717 135,246 3,889,362 75,222,249 2,710,393 5,145,622 31,782,250 10,893,113 29,602,884 56,632,853 125,144,945 10,034,685 18,814,533 5,774,254 1,881,038 642,665 715 96,407,621 .52 1,464,662 5 796,111 30 27,577,152 181 22,127,253 449 67,277,910 ,245 74,620,765 292 11,132,859 146 436 131 32 1,287 190 175,006,320 9,437,662 68,274,700 8,082,904 9,052,646 23,937,024 23,561,699 7,813,483 LESS THAN S5,000. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 2,290 1 46 193 4 76 6 17 37 47 1,064 108 3 32 101 33 143 29 Value of products. 35,364,606 118,371 84,434 72,618 9,479 26,746 6,510 48,778 170,176 141,766 126,587 503,010 220,358 11,700 38,698 18,427 66,614 77,342 126,040 2,234,348 261,292 11,112 62,661 242,459 424, 03P 90,162 $5,000 BUT LESS THAN $20,000. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 46 7 55 17 16 87 362 10 100 18 1-5 38 8 1 1 42 116 665 93 6 41 103 66 1 684 36 41 Value of products. $31,663,457 39,131 481,434 491,176 140,938 74,142 531,216 423,401 100,179 601,746 1,007,796 4,094,009 106,347 1,035,291 214,812 155,735 62,999 462,619 1,301,673 6,515,625 892,961 76,683 430,155 1,145,823 669,260 8,582,632 376,860 $20,000 BUT LESS THAN $100,000. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 95 25 7 81 39 45 132 316 23 78 22 5 1 392 6 2 2 63 159 397 62 19 45 140 19 10 463 71 Value of products. $129,427,897 668,333 1,482,931 1,743,744 564,096 266,802 4,722,925 1,120,144 309,256 3,438,096 1,856,948 2,245,485 6,735,541 14,087,898 1,236,830 2,927,991 1,124,216 229,384 21,647,913 205,311 3,159,987 7,534,056 17,684,605 2,624,206 978,691 2,124,420 5,924,974 902,237 14,029,269 3,696,916 3,221,869 $100,000 BUT LESS THAN $1,000,000. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Value of products. 1,489 I $407,026,660 2 19 13 1 6,002,984 3,021,688 61 32 65 129 124 19 44 15 5 3 272 5 2 17 37 116 120 28 61 28 79 12 21 7 61 3,616,050 33,622,414 996,672 1,822,078 16,074,661 7,696,826 15,641,638 39,909,070 32,561,811 5,872,842 4,423,526 1,457,221 52,921,269 1,139,738 36,276,622 32,760,467 19,389,349 6,820,526 22,814,992 8,395,689 901,184 12,666,213 2,116,792 $1,000,000 AND OVEK. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Value of products. 164 $458,483,648 1 ^ 6 24 11,956,801 18 36,296,917 11,525,992 8,853,859 73,898,211 21,351,063 19,838,317 23, 040, 520' 16,325,730 154,649,485 "'38!i46,"452 1,832,569 Uroup 9.— CliAY, GLASS, AND STONE PRODUCTS. 10,776 $391,2.30,422 3,190 58,169,272 3,886 841,055,966 2,844 $122,904,192 844 $200,006,663 11 $19,094,329 Artificial stone , 477 4,634 129 28 11 34 399 453 25 176 17 131 526 4 1,165 119 1,439 873 135 4,128,221 71,152,062 29,8'3,122 326, 679 1,342,716 2,062,120 79,607,998 13,137,653 871,022 10, 164, 185 307,789 4,438,794 14,761,170 223,706 68,931,621 7, 605, 435 25,688,607 64,200,792 2,416,730 269 2,060 6 9 2 9 99 6 15 11 24 183 615,043 5,200,941 12,331 17,978 168 1,639 20 14 1,689,497 16, 469, 953 292,060 161,067 39 865 39 5 4 13 131 150 16 94 4 57 157 2 493 60 371 .321 23 1 80 61 34,356,812 2,091,655 157,634 15,124,3.';6 21,686,890 3 5,790,186 5 5 230 26 1 19 1 6 25 1 134 21 16 207 5 1,053 610 1,258,876 62,274,058 4,732,172 19,719 24,738 288,854 17,216 9 24 178 2 47 1 44 161 1 423 25 900 179 51 113,238 279,562 1,960,941 527,' 275' 670,287 8,036,868 6,155,686 712, 120 4,229,683 153, 328 2, 635, 193 7,053,057 QIas<5 5 8,992,772 Glass, cutting, staining, and or- Grindstones and millstones 4,084,494 1 Kaolin and ground earths 67,855 395, 357 494, gis 1,812,202 1,240,831 6,490,654 Manteia, slate, marble, and mar- 113 13 162 166 66 ■ 4,806,692 267, 606 9,762,588 1,984,046 487,479 21,803,383 2,786,310 12,667,431 16,625,169 910,989 28,934,743 4,515,489 2,738,178 45,203,410 882, 274 2 36, 130 520, 410 388,167 136,988 Monuments and tombstones Pottery, terra cotta, and fire 512 MANUFACTURES. Table 11.— ESTABLISHMENTS AND PRODUCTS, GROUPED BY VALUE OF PRODUCTS, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. [In this table values have been omitted wherever they disclosed the products of individual establishments.] Group lO.— OTETAIiS AND METAL, PKODUCXS, OTHER THAN IKON AND STEEL.. United States. Babbitt metal and solder Bells ■ Brass Brass and copper, rolled Brass eastings and brass finish- ing Brassware Bronze castings Clocks €oppersniithing and sheet iron working Electroplating Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 6,310 Galvanizing Gas and lamp fixtures Gold and silver, leaf and foil -Gold and silver, reducing and re- fining, not from the ore Hand stamps Jewelry Lamps and reflectors Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet i^eedies, pins, and hooks and eyes Pens, gold Plated ware Plumbers' supplies Silversmithing and silverware . . Smelting and refining, copper . . , Smelting and refining, lead Smelting and refining, zinc .Smelting and refining, not from the ore Stamped ware Tinfoil Tinware Type founding Watch and clock materials . Watch cases Watches 75 21 12 25 520 229 27 38 1,989 312 36 263 83 41 224 1,023 142 32 46 16 60 185 98 40 32 65 174 14 377 21 17 28 14 Value of products. 8922,262,456 13,099,838 1,000,220 700, 772 51,912,853 29,671,928 17, 499, 056 2, 622, 496 8,868,000 56, 082, 029 2,966,014 6,418,850 17, 560, 386 2, 696, 298 18,724,096 2,017,631 53,225,681 8,999,874 9,277,462 4,750,589 692,029 12, 138, 886 21,542,485 20, 700, 703 240, 780, 216 185, 826, 839 24, 791, 299 17,402,987 21,958,049 2, 794, 828 41,892,809 2,727,759 428, 692 8, 626, 604 11,866,400 LESS THAN $5,000. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 45 6 5 264 136 6 123 162 33 Value of products. S5,000 BUT LESS THAN S20,000.- Num- ber of lish- ments. 83,101,847 243. 127 19,611 9,139 742,800 36, 915 20, 345 288, 516 39,257 78, 307 25,742 20, 905 36,041 9,173 252,276 11,900 2,373 86 7 12 1,044 149 10 72 42 5 75 331 46 2 3 4 13 33 19 1 4 4 118 Value of products. 825,201,575 111,757 2, 187, 678 916,766 69, 585 137,999 11,209,916 1, 383, 696 776,879 451,823 63, 732 737,303 3,507,904 521, 831 27,811 130, 151 393, 713 216, 507 46, 624 93, 409 642,880 1,113,813 63, 976 54, 165 28, 175 $20,000 BUT LESS THAN $100,000. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 1,932 606 25 17 99 26 7 26 383 46 16 15 11 21 74 37 2 2 26 63 2 103 Value of products. $84,535,266 1,260,725 490, 203 261, 524 7,760,115 3,017,240 342, 438 666, 354 23,013,762 764, 472 876,701 4,415,899 1,226,549 354,529 991,712 17,918,920 2, 067, 211 767, 384 445,249 1,174,633 3,746,383 1,944,314 1,160,524 2, 853, 506 4,937,263 142, 761 260, 423 414, 287 $100,000 BUT LESS THAN $1,000,000. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Value of products. 8217,560,334 146 16 13 11 1 23 60 30 6 7 6,297,416 425,739 4, 383, 441 15,144,007 7,618,828 2, 190, 861 3, 368, 234 17, 466, 390 1,094,240 8, 906, 239 980, Oil 4,392,369 30,109,309 6, 322, 957 5, 470, 986 3,926,137 7,992,308 11,874,814 8, 892, 807 2, 306, 929 4, 638, 626 12,062,488 6,212,587 12,967,478 2, 644, 172 19,538,796 2,519,532 4, 186, 734 4, 514, 819 $1,000,000 AND OVEB. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Value of products. $691,873,434 6, 395, 123 47, .399, 502 4,337,001 4,787,274 3, 649, 171 13, 893, 130 5.450,268 9; 621, 333 238,328,190 181,011,667 12,728,811 9,915,662 5, 668, 144 16,060,661 3,986,408 Group 11.— TOBACCO. 16,828 $331,117,681 11, 693 $23,131,376 3,657 834,070,684 1,066 $43,639,566 379 $107,275,234 43 $123, 000, 821 Tobacco, chewing and smoking. 433 16,395 116,767,630 214,350,051 188 11,505 359,300 22,772,076 80 3,577 804, 350 33,266,334 71 985 3,724,127 39,916,439 68 311 22, 468, 883 84,806,362 26 17 Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes. . . 33,589,850 Group 13 — VEHICliES FOR L.AND TRANSPORTATION. United States. Automobile bodies and parts, . . Automobiles Bicycles and tricycles Carriage and wagon materials. . Carriages and sleds, children's.. Carriages and wagons Cars and general shop construc- tion and repairs by steam rail- road companies Cars and general shop construc- tion and repairs by street rail- road companies Cars, steam railroad, not includ- ing operations of railroad com- panies Cars, street railroad, not includ- ing operations of railroad com- panies Wheelbarrows 7,285 57 121 101 632 78 4,956 1,141 73 $643,924,442 3,388,472 26,646,064 5,153,240 30,535,873 6,370,911 125,332,976 309,863,499 13,437,121 111,175,310 10,844,196 1,177,780 9 23 36 142 13 1,956 $6,278,183 29,745 63,117 109,996 362,849 36,757 5,411,594 2, .592 I .$25,537,365 1,368 16 28 33 195 21 165,853 311,891 296,280 2,128,035 228,698 2,106 20,213,684 22 32 19 202 23 657 '22,H72 171 1,957,283 347 ^ 13 139,050 42 4 .52,904 11 17,648 j 43,787 $60,807,658 1,188,003 1,517,082 799,315 8,966,096 1,046,276 25,954,926 18,034,940 2,078,959 273,757 486 23 31 $289,107,883 2,004,871 10,757,305 3,947,649 19,079,893 5,060,280 59,796,556 163,976,704 8,077,218 11,892,936 3,672,784 842,688 lis "'io' $262,193,453 13,996,669 13,957,216 126,671,900 98,706,346 Group 13.- -SHIPRlIILiDING. 1,097 $82,769,239 1 486 $1.06.1 75r 296 ! .82,986,779 209 $9,144,370 90 $21,484,372 16 $48,087,967 Shipbuilding, iron and steel Shipbuilding, wooden, including boat building 54 1,043 68,433,314 . 24,335,925 486 ! 1,065,751 1 295 8 201 29 61 9,837,985 11,646,387 16 48,087,967 GENERAL TABLES. 513 Table 11.— ESTABLISHMENTS AND PRODUCTS, GROUPED BY VALUE OF PRODUCTS, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. [In this table values have been omitted wherever they disclosed the products of individual establishments.] Group 14.— MISCEI^IiANEOUS INDUSTRIES. United States Agricultural implements Ammunition Artificial feathers and flowers . Artists' materials Belting and hose, rubber Boots and shoes, rubber. Brooms and brushes Buttons Coke Combs Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 12,37 Dairymen's. poulterers', and api- arists' supplies Dentists' materials Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies Enameling and enameled goods. Engravers' materials Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified Fire extinguishers, chemical Fireworlis Foundry supplies Fur goods Furs, dressed Graphite and graphite refining . Hairwork Hat and cap materials Hats, straw House furnishing goods, not else- where specified Ice, manufactured , Instruments, professional and scientific Ivory and bone work Japanning Jewelry and instrument cases. . . Lapidary work Mattresses and spring beds Models and patterns, not includ- ing paper patterns Mucilage and paste Musical instruments and mate- rials, not specified Musical instruments, organs Musical instruments, pianos Musical instruments, piano and organ materials Optical goods Paving materials Pencils, lead Pens, fountain and stylographic. Phonographs and graphophones. Photographic apparatus Photographic materials Pipes, tobacco Roofing materials Rubber and elastic goods Sand and emery paper and cloth. Soda water apparatus Sporting goods ■. Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified Steam packing Straw goods, not elsewhere speci- fied Surgical appliances Toys and games Trunks and valises Umbrellas and canes Washing machines and clothes wringers Whips Windmills Window shades and fixtures. All other industries ' H4S 32 213 2S 19 278 42 784 92 ID 327 35 34 34 11 125 65 237 1,320 225 66 32 97 54 716 547 111 181 94 249 101 122 307 224 37 152 143 106 180 161 373 204 58 53 144 3 Value of products. 8941,604^873 112,007,344 19,930,821 5,246,822 1,139,353 14, 954, 186 70,066,296 21,103,776 11,133,769 51,728,647 2,769,380 6,545,008 7,809,602 140,809,369 15,709,282 170,710 11,961,513 581,970 1,986,790 1,058,834 37, 123, 129 3,215,701 342, 379 1,782,491 6,440,108 10,356,690 15,010,628 23,790,045 5,377,756 2,863,602 607,060 2,291,648 7,646,814 27,756,238 4,545,004 3,556,423 3,481,710 6,041,844 46, 922, 471 13,128,315 6,116,910 5,033,086 4,425,896 2,082,005 10,237,075 3,479,317 9,543,980 2,834,496 19,870,953 62, 995, 909 1,477,003 4,634,265 7,032,224 8,867,457 8, 951, 705 186, 383 6,385,293 5,577,693 18,643,580 1?, 296, 046 3,838,624 3, 147, 328 4, 795, 048 8,930,630 230,390 LESS THAN 86,000. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 3,355 153 5 12 7 6 160 24 3 60 13 1 69 266 13 15 27 17 165 284 51 20 Value of products. S8, 320, 452 369,294 13,003 114,712 20, 824 1,413,693 168,966 64,648 11,674 247,750 64,672 7,164 34,333 16,770 61,047 "37,'629 227,069 26,229 33, 789 78,474 36,486 119,074 196,572 46,433 63,328 19,424 "26,'37i 67,783 "m,mo 101, 101,632 35,853 34,390 116, 178 $5,000 BUT LESS THAN 320,000. Nmn- ber of estab- lish- ments. 4,140 152 4 90 7 394 79 55 25 246 27 3 128 15 6 13 323 26 2 45 16 76 716 72 19 13 30 19 261 216 28 Value of products. $43,354,681 1,537,789 52,600 898,318 72,025 46 58 142 77 3,802,495 828,260 423, 706 102,388 696,330 246, 790 2, 747, 791 253, 167 26, 750 1,274,207 189,973 66, 952 134, 319 3,534,852 260,819 462,746 156,202 742,423 7,675,196 793,671 190,879 110,253 339,379 165,207 2,885,125 2,035,650 339,299 508,361 351,235 373,299 220,582 687,369 173,875 '166,099' 'i22,'497' 368, 770 209,618 1,015,486 521,302 $20,000 BUT LESS THAN $100,000. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 3,303 $148,032,336 175 137,588 489,981 379,442 296,713 21,419 460,598 583,984 1,5'8,003 799, 154 180,436 178,374 188,708 433, 145 1 180 96 115 16 43 24 278 18 4 7 14 13 296 69 327 52 23 3 36 9 232 46 24 22 15 134 66 2 15 34 42 46 33 43 119 59 20 12 40 Value of products. 8,423,972 383, 128 2,680,499 209,031 7,563,865 4,655,357 5,802,067 1,034,400 2,072,397 1,010,726 13,231,692 914,046 136,806 3,239,556 636,877 599,015 12,560,252 1,274,735 312,619 789, 439 1,022,841 1,692,871 2,893,546 12,095,210 2, 170, 186 943,781 1,302,796 394,848 10, 175, 418 1,451,988 974,297 1,322,246 1,236,506 4,029,929 1,507,110 1,365,168 919,368 192, 154 612,687 621, 104 942, 391 823,702 6,626,044 2,814,334 693,390 1,424,002 1,623,179 2, 109, 173 164,964 1,454,355 1,985,663 5,251,761 2,665,158 799, 388 989,583 691,017 2,094,243 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. $100,000 BUT LESS THAN $1,000,000. 1,440 141 12 12 144 15 5 20 115 Value of products. $380, 429, 105 43,196,469 3,191,706 1,553,293 837, 473 4,954,478 5,481,186 25,580,267 1,620,918 2,444,929 2,972,495 39,427,942 6,100,978 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments 6,136,230 'i,'267,'i9i' 18,393,876 1,619,100 6,224,036 8,605,018 8,849,413 3,310,433 2,186,829 1,702,713 571,000 1,298,260 10,466,612 2,123,753 1,454,531 4,407,670 36,627,977 10, 104, 111 1,002,712 2,575,258 1,349,895 883,908 916,928 2,953,661 1,733,493 10,684,336 30,907,927 2,549,086 3,862,668 6,634,187 2,817,746 2,212,246 2,906,165 10,537,493 7,649,727 2,767,168 1,943,518 3,880,933 6,287,064 $1,000,000 AND OVER. 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Pulp from fiber other than wood, 1; whalebone cutting, 2. MFG — PT 1 — 07 33 Value of products. 139 $361,468,299 27 3 58,479,820 16,290,384 6 17 1 9,999,708 67,300,709 5 19,857,969 1 2 86,154,294 9,376,429 5,752,024 4 9,314,893 1 28,705,746 514 MANUFACTURES. Table 12.— MOTIVE POWER, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905. STATE OR TEKRITOEY. United States. Alabama . . Alaska Arizona. . . Arkansas . . California. Colorado 1,606 Connecticut 3,477 2,414 Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory . Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky . Louisiana. Maine Maryland Massachusetts . Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire. New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina . North Dakota.. Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania . Rhode Island.. South Carolina. South Dakota . . Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont . Virginia . . W;is]iington.. . West Virginia. Wisconsin Wyoming NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. Total. 216,262 1,882 82 169 1,907 6,839 Re- porting power 134, 544 1,383 63 94 1,440 4,206 Delaware District of Columbia . . . . Florida 631 482 1,413 3,219 364 14,921 466 7,044 4,785 2,475 3,734 2,091 3,145 3,852 10, 723 7,446 4,756 1,520 6,464 382 1,819 116 1,618 7,010 199 37, 194 3,272 507 13, 785 657 1,602 23, 495 1,617 1,399 686 3,175 477 258 508 2,129 229 8,429 241 4,863 3,032 1,403 2,561 1,430 2,249 2,177 7,356 5,023 3,171 1,157 3,843 216 984 63 1,244 4,271 103 18,410 2,660 287 9,318 31B 1,091 14,630 1,146 1,076 414 2,475 3,158 1,915 606 375 1,6!)9 1,459 3,187 2.425 Total horse- power. 14,641,544 301,851 2,951 26,068 111,216 220,571 136,872 330,550 54, 162 13, 357 45, 373 229,511 18, 152 864,842 12,628 405,258 I 121,621 107, 283 181,441 256,937 362, 163 180,963 1,001,946 468, 449 226,767 111,197 Engines. Steam. Num- : Horse- ber. power. 127,425 ,10,828,111 21,525 2,129 158 148 1,781 2,408 873 2,331 698 180 702 2,519 212 6,201 187 4,760 2,215 1,098 2,842 2,622 1,720 2,121 6,866 4,978 2,378 1,475 271,567 ! 3,257 60,817 203 .52,134 2,834 225, 632 494,972 5,978 1,643,419 219, 752 516 28 1,032 4,876 74 12, 215 2,951 10,069 147 1,238,240 9,063 17,293 184 81,844 1,008 2,613,494 19, 478 190,679 1,087 221, 190 1,399 11,312 214 180, 136 2,766 170,622 1,973 20,728 269 143,304 99(J 185,282 2,621 2,7.51 1,817 171,982 2,109 1,6.'>5 143,001 8,558 5,084 480, 554 169 93 3,690 2,038 1,864 4,626 280,470 2,763 18,828 107, 699 163, 178 117,539 218,668 42,031 10,513 41,975 183,369 15, 146 651,678 12, 104 336,932 100,418 83, 039 162, 829 245,746 126, 818 142,096 690, 467 376,090 167, 103 109,418 221,215 32,356 34,012 1,092 102,439 386,770 5,097 850,497 183, 166 8,619 1,028,665 16, 593 55, 512 2, 088, 773 140,322 167, 432 8,483 161,919 Gas and tline. Num- ber. 78 254 41 42 59 118 27 1,447 76 1,134 922 610 249 136 246 654 954 629 63 658 19 334 677 23 2,928 104 136 2,004 138 58 2,890 Horse- power. 19, 614 472 91 1,392 482 6,292 317 3,393 412 311 320 632 127 12,319 283 21,171 4,486 6,923 1,938 961 3,063 4,377 7,487 10,534 4,710 220 4,960 74 2,035 125 , 1,396 9,070 114 44,288 2,102 646 36, 101 706 371 68,209 Water wheels. Num- ber. 19, 698 63 ; 1,247 65 i 239 186 ; 1,397 128 ■ 1,084 63 3 8 14 137 25 916 139 186 23 194 2 217 110 152 5 1,738 265 242 3 141 38 166 12 1,006 .504 6 3,629 441 6 449 1 207 1,872 293 123 31 299 165,312 403 : 1,876 |- 29 12,162 : 11 : 69 91 56,833 101 j 1,483 1,078 143,917 i 131 1.715 556 150,312 , 72 493 103 124,212 312 I 6,. 569 i 121 303,874 1.037 I 11.366 j 1,180 2,712 24 88 I 12 Horse- power. 1,642,035 267 676 6,966 1,751 66,667 5,188 710 107 28,242 1,060 14, 845 56 9,541 6,448 6,290 4,538 260 202,873 10,610 183, 135 39, 342 38, 196 66 3,681 10,254 7,130 742 100, 188 18,072 136 446, 197 28,353 318 17, 781 50 20,626 50,220 29, 181 31,094 1,060 9,762 2,276 3,221 76,044 25,895 4,482 6, 274 112,526 372 Water motors. Electric motors. Num- ber. 1,398 45 115, 12 1 5 22 3 4 42 18 44 29 .51, 4 Horse- Num- power. ber. 5,934 ,73,120 343 141 92 62 18 185 83 2.54 65 6 221 167 292 49 12 146 61 91 40 125 13 937 29 4 134 400 50 3 9 233 1 31 193 51 296 1 120 560 1,521 , 333 82 45 284 71 8,285 9 1,779 271 379 514 135 264 802 3,697 1,826 635 60 2,382 100 300 Horse- power. 1,150,891 4,673 1 8,422 196 14 8,668 34 31 19,800 23 186 410 60 110 454 160 274 130 311 139 2, 969 10 11 8,666 5 4,656 1,707 10,212 11,965 26,346 4,672 766 1,960 9,092 1,165 123,287 47 24, 600 3,666 7,S42 6,816 3,974 18, 526 15,514 63,939 27,559 5,833 23,706 4,081 5,762 Other power, horse- power. 1,183 3,640 4,423 40, 320 510 159 1,744 1,121 1,055 611 ■ 54 352 9,109 30 1,921 1,000 95 890 2,140 470 3,531 3,988 108 1,012 2,664 85 613 7,288 491 58,698 3,325 30 320 126,827 4,778 3,130 47 196 121,308 6,115 266 26 496 311,096 35,729 9,662 760 23,711 180 158 14 4,356 125 6,885 699 1,331 983 2,688 192 8,284 635 623 1,915 376 Electric, horse- power. 441,692 1,448 3 165 484 39,363 3,765 8,233 Other kind, horse- power. 8,061 3,309 27,073 12,411 8,594 13,965 3,898 2,364 550 5,013 10, 603 203 95, 284 2,423 281 23,159 512 4,727 35.701 6,816 8,451 181 2,230 11,660 ■ 776 8,558 46 191,313 250 101 2,522 71 6,047 1,092 164 996 8 1,000 6,464 1,298 637 100 41,978 11, 541 85 20 9,082 1,967 5,107 523 2,484 356 3,874 491 2,778 73 2,121 1,369 26, 565 2,405 1,270 26 1,330 8 127 285 8,732 8,309 65 75,611 502 6 5.743 140 78 23,366 3,642 80 10 427 69 4,414 2,941 j 4,6.50 I 1,321 4,403 I 382 759 ■ 94 GENERAL TABLES. Table 13.— MOTIVE POWER, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905. Group 1.— FOOD ANI> KINUUED PRODUCTS. 515 United States Beet sugar Bread and other bakery products Butter Butter, reworking Calming and preserving, fish Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables Canning and preserving, oysters Cheese Chocolate and cocoa products Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding. Condensed milk Confectionery Cordials and sirups Flavoring extracts Flour and grist mill products Food preparations Glucose Lard, refined Oleomargarine Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning. and shelling Pickles, preserves, and sauces Rice, cleaning and polishing Sausage Slaughtering and meat packing, whole- sale Slaughtering, wholesale, not including meat packing Sugar and molasses, refining Vinegar and cider NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. Total. Re- port- ing power 45,790 25, 105 51 18, 227 5,235 35 373 2,261 69 3,610 25 421 81- 1,348 63 377 10,051 766 9 9 14 30 528 74 292 370 344 568 51 2,878 5,130 35 199 1,402 33 1,218 23 402 81 824 18 88 10,018 542 9 5 14 30 337 74 248 498 118 327 503 Total horse- power. Engines. Steam. Num- ber. 1,477,245 '21,638 40, 187 40,871 77, 777 1,794 7,274 44, 879 1,243 10, 446 7,204 18, 826 6,403 27,764 782 873 780,042 29,278 34,908 810 1,828 1,667 11,119 16,261 3,440 142, 591 10,377 147, 861 10, 750 274 842 5,712 33 324 1,779 47 1,183 26 161 136 367 7 23 6,539 371 87 13 15 27 288 106 151 1,024 149 1,626 429 Horse- power. Gas and gasoline. Water wheels. Water motors. Electric motors. Num- Horse- Num- | Ilorse- ber. power, ber. [ power. 1,039,040 2,927 140,303 7,607 265,064 I Num- Uorse- Num- Horse- ber. power. )ier. 'power. ! 81,088 35,016 22, 608 73, 280 1,298 6,240 42, 102 1,189 10,006 4,400 9,327 5,391 19, 597 699 338 473, 689 22, 118 23, 475 598 1,415 1,336 8,694 16,774 2,506 102,216 8,757 139, 187 7,884 206 6 35 149 3 66 2 51 6 108 1 13 1,006 100 3 40 6,675 1,492 150 362 1,157 40 218 115 700 90 615 7 62 26,326 1,283 46 •200 332 854 261 98 3 12 64 120 185 462 16 487 18 49 629 7,261 2.58,111 1,164 750 150 238 240 1,705 2 10 1 1 12 229 120 23 6 21 5 2 241 184 271 21 16 13 35 2 7 162 198 130 381 4,697 3,630 254 110 92 380 11 80 1,987 3,123 447 3,472 163 470 36 13 61 31T 22 1,116 10,637 212 268 385 85 36, 970 1,042 7,211 194 Other power, horse- power. 3,014 42 190 2 388 1,040 5 Elec- tric, horse- power. 44, 130 5 8,363 1,570 171 233 918 2 20 460 5,037 7 3,360 168 451 15, 584 3,123 101 623 92 571 194 104 187 Other kind, horse- power. 101 114 65 50 163 122 461 3 18 979 125 30 116 Group 2 TEXTIl.ES. United States 17,042 111, 366 1,861,990 Awnings, tents, and sails Bags, other than paper Belting and hose, linen Carpets and rugs, other than rag Carpets, rag Cloth, sponging and refinishing Clothing, horse Clothing, men's Clothing, men's, buttonholes Clothing, women's Collars and cuffs Cordage and twine Corsets Cotton goods Cotton small wares ^,. Cotton waste - -^ ■ Dyeing and finishing textiles Felt goods Flags and barmers Flax and hemp, dressed Furnishing goods, men's Hammocks Hand knit goods Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, . and wool Hats, felt Hats, wool Hosiery and knit goods Jute and jute goods Linen goods Mats and matting Millinery and lace goods Nets and seines Oakum Oilcloth and linoleum, fioor Oilcloth, enameled Regalia and society barmers and em- blems Shirts Shoddy Silk and silk goods Upholstering materials Wool pulling - Wool scouring Wooleri goods Worsted goods 390 79 20 139 363 65 29 4,504 141 3,351 44 102 109 1,077 77 41 360 39 31 17 503 14 65 415 216 17 1,079 16 15 12 860 12 6 16 11 140 641 97 624 236 34 27 792 226 231 70 17 135 172 46 24 2,287 61 1,834 41 96 80 1,073 76 41 328 39 15 14 256 10 15 163 165 16 1,002 16 15 10 477 9 6 16 11 52 477 95 608 218 25 26 784 225 1,221 5,017 1,333 39, 239 1,669 322 658 21, 927 137 15,446 2,600 44,356 3,456 1,031,843 7,806 4,013 95, 505 10, 936 270 600 3,430 171 31 797 18, 695 1,912 83,814 22,634 6,528 1,669 5,184 260 367 9,605 1,689 818 9,658 12, 445 78,888 16, 898 1,360 3,488 163, 793 130, 620 8,044 1,260,026 10 42 12 166 31 16 11 195 1 103 ■ 24 155 36 2,002 50 26 1,633 61 3 13 30 4 14 203 18 795 31 19 4 43 3 10 123 23 5 141 26 24 828 487 202 3,696 906 29,631 414 191 464 8,978 3 4,172 1,952 37, 204 2,696 702,023 6,584 2,471 70,385 6,149 160 645 1,552 130 1,179 326 15, 871 1,415 57, 460 10,630 4,535 1,066 2,192 163 214 8,548 1,283 319 5,643 7,825 56,362 11,078 1,125 2,532 96,940 95,111 7 403 13 190 4 5 6 16 5 13, 687 191 137 33 56 662 53 2,455 51 1,593 50 83 60 1,695 91 172 711 2,812 3.«,400 176 , 5,042 115,424 2, 1 25 3 19 89 22 181 2 37 50 547 6 19 48 669 15 270 5 610 290 1 10 41 2,996 1 10 1,218 261,884 16 1,039 11 915 71 10,126 30 ! 3,171 176- 22 22 1 65 430 13, 522 8,085 1,508 120 46 136 57 1 756 10 66 86 937 335 53 20 5 71 8 1,358 766 347 140 45 300 3, 601 6,965 2,931 169 747 55, 931 16, 824 145 13 95 21 767 21 3 446 13 2 2 414 65 31 3 116 496 186 6,294 2 2 821 533 240 3,315 172 52,734 310 150 10, 637 1,180 1 369 2,065 1 65 I 5,076 3,824 395 36 447 20 35 96 8 ,412 24 2 1 125 274 902 280 138 935 201 7,128 294 26 10 5,804 11,243 10 722 4 355 35 385 51,961 33,249 681 27 705 80 54 155 293 966 479 86 53 104 8,081 71 250 7, 494 141 667 262 13, 565 630 90 1,087 436 29 6 836 5 22 443 369 2 4,626 80 90 55 1,663 22 18 93 253 1,500 417 2,393 727 20 108 1,232 2,260 35 1,002 12 1,098 197 191 257 9,220 247 215 2,385 63 108 27 274 290 666 60 35 4 485 401 4,739 533 20 2,493 4,440 516 MANUFACTURES. Table 13.— MOTIVE POWER, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. Group 3 IKON AND STEEIi AND THEIR PKODUCXS. United States Artificial limbs Baslcets, and rattan and willow ware. Billiard tables and materials Boxes, cigar Boxes, wooden packing Charcoal Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers' goods Cooperage Cork, cutting Furniture Lasts Looking-glass and picture frames Lumber and timber products Lumber, planing mill products, in- cluding sash, doors, and blinds . . . . Matches Pulp goods Pumps, not including steam pumps.. Refrigerators Rules, ivory and wood Sewing machine cases Show cases Wood carpet Wood preserving Wood, turned and earvi'il Woodenware, not elsewlicrc specified. 32,726 104 486 48 297 1,023 239 1,517 60 2,482 55 442 19,127 6,009 23 17 115 111 13 141 20 26 1,097 202 Group 4.-L,lJMBER AND ITS KEIHAN UFACTUKES 29,110 : 2,250,: $f 39 187 22 263 946 200 .5113 2il 2,037 61 li 173 18,203 1, 4,876 14, 39' 2 168, 16 I 70 i 75 'j 9 115 17 4 504, 314,: :i, 2, 2. 6i 7, 4, 3, 47, 18, 198 278 631 644 ,266 ,244 ,920 ,821 ,488 ,886 dill 619 609 266 318 133 :, 473 494 896 185 NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. Total horse- power. OWNED. RENTED. Total. Re- port- ing power. Engines. Water wheels. Water motors. Electric motors. Other power, horse- power. .32, 118 Elec- tric, horse- power. 78,052 Steam. Gas and gasoline. Other kind, horse- Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. power. United States 14,239 12, 720 3,800,649 16, 843 3,053,826 3,332 77,730 960 43, 436 < 60 498 29, 295 488,503 26, 486 Cash registers and calculating ma- chines 32 254 62 30 8,993 89 445 82 8 190 88 24 138 76 27 ■ 416 15 4 5 31 83 86 26 7 46 52 176 103 416 79 775 36 684 66 24 25 649 31 243 55 29 8,326 48 394 68 6 189 86 19 133 71 25 413 15 4 6 31 75 74 25 7 42 47 148 40 361 63 646 20 496 62 10 26 398 6,479 35,418 5,759 17,020 596, 445 1,833 37, 626 3,772 1,014 825, 749 15, 996 987 17,701 11,298 17,796 1,896,759 41,699 986 294 5,545 9,821 3,417 3,756 3,727 13,744 6,421 12,220 392 31,394 4,586 83,966 9,231 23,753 5,447 181 27,219 21,399 12 158 34 34 6,393 20 276 48 7 1,655 99 5 209 61 113 6,746 221 3 2 31 61 40 22 13 56 56 128 4 312 33 510 39 226 29 3 91 194 3,701 19,820 5,119 14,840 364,963 919 27, 533 2,957 700 762,382 11,682 675 13, 469 7,646 14,966 1,610,612 26,007 575 275 3,220 5,885 2,361 2,611 3,715 9,441 4,966 8,409 201 23,408 2,565 36,228 8,878 14,284 3,396 115 23,696 12,716 7 63 10 2 2,333 16 73 14 1 27 17 8 23 16 1 63 5 1 1 3 16 20 4 200 1,484 258 55 39,700 389 1,353 160 40 3,757 821 142 672 660 9 11,806 545 .6 10 39 337 296 85 3 122 3 13 429 55 8,162 95 788 15,423 263 84 3 23 9,834 17 272 8 *2,340 2,986 62 668 109,294 231 4,109 306 8 ""so" 138 2,626 61 620 44,983 232 1,267 153 94 139 717 122 313 135 119 6,798 1,474 60 9 775 1,000 374 479 46 1 10 331 Files 156 Firearms 49 Foundry and machine shop products. . 31 264 12,391 62 Hardware . 47 2 2 21 8 1,893 100 180 680 456 3 19 1,362 46 Horseshoes Iron and steel, blast furnaces 1,370 109 2 127 29 178 12,183 1,079 10 52,471 2,171 18 1,632 765 2,702 247, 460 11,793 250 6,320 '459' 7,868 650 105 Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in rolling mills 1 5 Iron and steel, doors and shutters 30 10 34 904 1,760 262 Ironand steel, nails and spikes,cutand wrought, including wire nails, not made in rolling mills or steel works. . 332 Iron and steel pipe, wrought '. . . Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills... 64 67 4,732 1,230 5 63 7,420 Ordnance and ordnance stores 238 26 11 26 3 158 57 87 1,466 2,330 166 555 12 . 3,572 911 1,624 36 Saws 2 2 42 227 Scales and balances 146 75 Screws, machine 26 Screws, wood Sewing machines and attachments 6 10 27 7 69 34 184 1 142 7 1 9 133 66 194 851 115 1,564 677 6,811 60 2,568 83 15 769- 2,1,54 8 4 6 342 285 165 264 16 893 70 2,617 214 7,327 12 1,028 654 43 347 2,000 69 Springs, steel, car and carriage 49 Steam fittings and heating apparatus. 378 Stoves and furnaces, not including gas 6 2 398 40 330 14 117 179 51 2,324 18 106 123 1 60 266 2,980 983 27,247 241 1,788 992 7 1,363 3,119 40 "7,"i84" 2 70 270 107 839 Stoves, gas and oil Tin and terne plate 75 4 3,274 195 2 13 796 227 Typewriters and supplies Vault lights and ventilators 1 1 Wire 14 15 1,054 708 Wirework. including wire rope and 2 6 626 .32,825 2,007,711 1,346 25,117 3,475 138,562 51 496 1,588 28,752 3,134 23,968 22,390 ,-) 9 6,623 448 3,987 73,720 70 11,412 33,907 2,274 143,720 2,049 3,651 1,377,722 269,053 3,529 1,150 1,850 5,762 110 6,860 2,809 249 3,429 38,379 16,039 6 53 10 49 5 80 56 477 69 1,005 1 ; 35 17 316 (W 949 4 99 21li 4,062 2 i 37 14 141 2 3 10 26 2- 116 87 83 490 2,460 200 584 800 138 4,400 391 623 1,098 10,623 174 1 5 168 3 17 89 446 4 282 5,961 60 605 2,744 45 w 16 115 890 2 1 1 3 4 7 70 96 1,305 ""■'si' 309 2,720 161 573 21 2 1 6 2 151 59 13 316 2 4 472 332 23 28 10 10 1,066 810 232 4,874 21 38 13,642 4,489 230 251 100 106 ""'436' ""'48' "2;332' 231 256 272 78 1 , 6.S2 25 167 6,770 25 1 120 2 4,498 386 288 62 1 2,496 284 60 103,657 9,761 23,802 4,076 36 174 565 1 2 14 11 3 3,735 12,157 10 7 12,S ,S1 23 1 8 20 83 2,587 7,949 17 5 12 980 420 4" 105 122 180 38 62 1 43 137 5 5 3 2 1 180 110 45 26 38 2 848 46 26 555 16 43 6 20 345 2 1 20 2 175 1.58 73 1 7 2 77 2 34 11 55 301 307 8 2,227 84 737 192 75 1,(147 20 272 180 34 5,173 1,314 692 169 GENERAL TABLES. 517 Table 13.— MOTIVE POWER, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OP INDUSTRIES: 1905— Oontinued. Group 6.— liEATHKK ANU ITS KIIVISHJE;!) PRODUCTS. NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. Total horse- power. OWNED. RENTED, Total. Re- port- ing power. Engines. Water ■ wheels. Water motors. Electric motors. Other power, horse- power. Elec- tric, horse- power. Steam. Gas and gasoline. Other kind, horse- Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. power. United States 4,945 3,438 218,855 2,389 161,458 369 9,002 119 5,464 16 70 1,295 20,251 120 11,964 10,536 Belting and hose, leather 117 290 214 75 1,316 339 423 1,049 40 1,076 86 229 161 17 1,116 227 205 909 16 482 3,529 4,845 3,173 67 62,687 2,761 3,847 129,975 367 7,704 40 61 44 2,259 2,643 1,616 7 11 8 1 115 41 24 77 5 80 134 225 94 2 2,355 283 141 5,086 27 655 1 6 8 75 258 398 35 28 2 309 326 11 529 333 262 36 5,328 436 494 2,014 37 2,485 223 Boot and shoe cut stock 1 2 1 168 Boot and shoe findings '792 Boot and shoe uppers 29 534 43 47 1,624 5 91 40,228 1,676 1,832 107,510 210 3,584 30 4 4 62 1,586 242 800 1,936 4 6 1 2 26 8 4 20 636 4 30 689 26 46 6,367 36 293 12,626 60 334 25 ""m 40 5' Gloves and mittens, leather 80 Leather goods. 233 Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. Pocketboolis 845 43 Saddlery and harness 4 170 2 10 461 Group 6.— PAPER ANI> PRINTINCi. United States , Bags, paper Bookbinding and blank book making , Boxes, fancy and paper Card cutting and designing Cardboard, not made in paper mills. . Engraving and diestnking Engraving, steel, including plate printing Engraving, wood Envelopes Labels and tags Lithographing and engraving Paper and wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere specified. Paper patterns Photolithographingand photoengrav- ing Printing and publishing, bookand job Printing and publishing, music Printing and publishing, newspapers and periodicals Printing materials Stereotyping and electrotyping Wall paper 30,787 18,472 62 50 908 659 796 661 60 35 4 4 306 147 215 82 114 12 72 66 67 67 248 197 761 761 232 187 26 3 223 193 8,244 6,074 145 20 18,038 9,129 77 56 146 136 44 43 1,357,482 3,069 6,095 16,036 222 1,188 1,032 1,606 46 2,262 920 10,790 1,122,564 15,173 38 1,940 61,036 203 104,402 624 3,008 5,329 4,755 26 35 213 2 5 5 62 ,487 130 6 407 2 1,252 19 17 49 455,153 I 6,476 29,644 1,518 1,793 8,337 52 985 361 661 1,108 295 4,933 370,852 11,448 151 15,551 14 31,947 269 635 4,263 10 36 124 17 1,001 168 438 1,618 37 119 218 210 1,916 106 5,147 18,137 2 24 22 261 1 4 3,275 721,034 215 60 1,707 3,149 3 717,979 200 5 647 15 2,663 65 136 166 2,254 1 561 634 135 1,631 142 424 919 140 1 2,595 28,856 ■ 2,102 15 130 462 262 86,430 11,734 25 700 2,689 2,138 81 43 445 515 38 539 32 16 181 37 1,295 30,095 146 Group 7 lilQUORS AND BI^V^RAGBS. 336 763 1,400 52 6 128 68 7 161 299 102 2,366 ] 681 2,748 I 203 1,011 426 237 4,037 43 39,771 2,056 128 1,269 ' 698 177 I 252 TTnited States - 6,381 4,333 369,609 6,994 330,061 739 4,368 66 1,866 117 319 2,377 21,860 3,132 7,335 689 805 1,631 436 141 3,469 622 1,441 249 136 1,885 43,121 286,324 6,731 22,071 12,362 1,020 4,836 222 202 714 41,251 258,331 5,482 17,633 7,364 28 42 73 13 583 632 647 486 324 2,370 24 16 1 ■ 12 13 409 611 26 625 185 1 22 3 1 90 1 67 16 6 229 46 2,244 3 61 34 772 19,139 18 1,783 148 62 2,975 33 ■""62' 41 3,369 650 1,515 1,760 63 186 22 Malt 186 244 Group 8 CHEirnCALiS AND AI.L,IE:D PRODUCTS. United States Axle grease ., Baking and yeast powders Blacking Bluing. - - • - Bone, ivory, and lamp black Calcium lights Candles Chemicals - - — Cleansing and pohshing preparations Drug grinding Druggists' preparations Dyestufls and extracts Explosives Fertilizers Gas, iUuminating and heating Glue Grease and tallow Ink, printing Ink, writing Oil, castor 25 164 138 66 25 22 17 275 156 27 124 400 1,019 68 300 60 42 4 5,302 722,893 9,833 567,186 644 11,389 348 18,402 13 9 21 20 12 237 54 27 132 79 123 350 756 63 191 57 11 4 210 3,318 1,925 284 1,090 132 1,181 140, 372 8S8 3,277 7,877 18, 310 37, 554 60,986 75, 626 16,908 12,373 4,234 274 500 44 31 4 18 2 23 1,081 22 44 85 192 375 720 2,142 131 260 31 6 5 163 1,984 1,601 122 815 921 70, 194 526 2,620 5,092 17, 348 21, 636 44, 752 67, 482 14, 128 11,225 2,468 157 500 14 1 16 17 146 4 1 10 247 73 250 438 78 176 4 427 246 3,211 79 6 61 32 25 1 4 1 6 186 15 6,466 3 130 10 196 6,962 353 339 60 29 470 216 "26' 23 2,832 2 409 2 27 244 33 428 126 173 107 29 48, 140 363 20 250 8,110 85 411 1,775 639 7,889 2,917 2,624 2,628 635 850 60 1,097 300 76 426 185 170 10 62 5 10,078 131 55 413 20 2,358 1,464 233 279 25 23,646 i 49,041 31 627 112 147 16 119 15 33. 5 43,986 65- 61 111 27 176 425 50 216 576 10- 518 MANUFACTURES. Table 13.— MOTIVE POWER, liY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. Uroiip 8.— CHEnnCAIiS AND AL.IiIEI» PKODIICXS— Continued. NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. Total horse- power. ' OWNED. RENTED. Total. Re- port- ing power. Engines. Water wheels. Water motors. Elo mo Dtric tors. Horse- power. Other power, horse- power. Elec- tric, horse- power. Steam. Gas and gasoline. Other kind, horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. 6 Horse- power. Num- ber, 716 62 6 30 181 449 2,245 292 98 146 436 131 32 1,287 190 141 714 34 1 29 113 402 518 84 94 116 327 127 30 182 107 112 152,667 849 25 10,538 5,262 42,148 10, 617 940 49,337 19,902 24, 121 13,799 6,541 1,175 4,030 4,634 1,210 36 1 53 172 369 208 16 1,072 316 454 153 135 176 87 154 148,878 709 26 8,613 4, 157 31,628 6,680 386 43,480 18, 169 18,747 9,931 3,945 1,128 3,324 3,744 10 2 115 38 7 3 520 70 39 138 2,421 36 668 20 Oil, essential 12 Oil, lard Oil, linseed 1 13 72 96 16 57 30 11 2 7 26 280 1,471 690 117 2,069 439 88 35 161 3 3 22 1 300 20 969 36 17 9 267 98 10 224 19 301 38 13 1,065 70 4,693 525 126 3,318 468 3,893 2,084 125 564 4" 3 330 387 3 896 44 185 600 Xf. i 84 81 Paints Patent medicines and compounds 6 18 18 128 2, 394 976 1, 782 773 273 3.'> 150 1 Salt T 2 3 17 33 63 1,430- 196 i 210 Soap 617 820 Starch , 169 150 Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids. . . . 416 Turpentine and rosin 1 3 Varnishes IS 13 202 287 1 1 10 2 •39 2 197 14 266 12 41 Wood distillation, not including tur- pentine and rosin. 36 370 20 Oroup 9 CL.AV, GL.ASS, AND STONE PRODUCTS. United States 10, 776 7,324 831, 177 9,386 694, 644 1,182 34,246 264 16,819 13 5!29 2,479 66,419 4,496 21,216 4,109 Artificial stone 477 4,634 129 28 11 34 399 453 23 176 17 131 626 4 1,165 2 119 1,439 873 135 110 3,476 126 2 11 33 387 265 22 163 16 130 248 2 782 1 94 684 761 21 2,781 255,832 179, 145 6 627 2,098 107,662 4,190 2,602 20,635 684 17,340 18,954 82 90,357 41 2,971 16,888 107,756 527 69 4,113 639 1,867 246,200 137, 112 38 222 26 1 2 7 297 62 1 36 7 6 49 345 6,245 3,063 6 27 73 13,947 667 20 1,084 129 179 698 1 15 44 20 457 2,980 1 43 1,030 5 470 29,641 481 1 668 629 2,666 5,751 1 55 39 583 727 10 1,059 13 290 475 20 1 1 412 Cement 40 China decorating Crucibles 12 26 742 62 67 176 6 137 425 2 1,673 1 36 230 1,082 8 645 1,456 76, 599 2,060 2,672 16,161 281 11,861 16,500 75 72,280 40 1,820 7,868 99,086 272 5 2 4 385 20 30 1 2 10 11 6 900 46 133 16,186 217 5 Glass Glass, cutting, staming, and orna- menting 484 Gypsum wall plaster 12 ,S 83 6 1,580 261 4,289 241 21 581 170 Kaolin and ground earths Lime Mantels, slate, marble, and marljleized. 1 1 126 2 1 37 1 172 . 1 19 9 191 2 15 756 4 4,259 1 176 177 2,837 61 200 242 381 40 3 111 2,819 37 4,752 2 44 2,029 3,497 677 11 215 91 2 177 2, .571 3,165 32 """448' 112 394 3,341 1,847 38 404 998 353 33 4 1,449 355 5 36 Pottery, terra ootta, and fire clay products Statuary and art goods 124 ■■■■| Group 10.— IHETAIiS AND ITIEXALi PRODUCTS, OTHER THAN IRON AND STEEL,. United States ! 6,310 Babbitt metai and solder Bells Brass Brass and copper, roiled Brass castings and brass finishing — Brassware Bronze castings Clocks Coppersmithing and sheet iron work- ing Electroplating Galvanizing Gas and lamp fixtures Gold and silver, leaf and foil Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore Hand stamps Jewelry Lamps and reflectors lycad, bar, pipe, and sheet Needles, pins, and hooks and eye,'; Pens, gold Plated ware Plumbers' supplies Silversmithing and silverware . Smelting and refining, copper. . 75 21 12 25 520 229 27 38 30 263 83 41 224 1,023 142 32 46 Hi 60 185 27 20 11 24 416 202 19 35 .538 280 20 228 24 34 84 803 104 31 45 15 52 161 96 343,939 1.138 686 2,053 44, 694 13, 752 13, 468 1,230 5,690 11,666 2,636 1,840 5,847 278 1,093 329 8,047 3, 446 2,612 2,840 77 6,870 14,086 8,010 85,828 2,130 27 5 13 148 140 125 29 14 3 100 30 36 156 56 320 680 1,921 39, 788 7,763 8,665 742 3,950 5,325 1,088 2,993 135 536 28 2,413 2,132 2,306 1,816 4,068 10, 792 4,603 61,402 5 2 106 29 7 3 166 33 10 41 9 1,911 134 16, 122 30 110 107 60 1,264 344 79 37 1,786 370 481 673 67 118 52 354 339 19 14 15 37 036 161 1,274 2,374 31R 245 '■m 90 15 60 340 395 162 390 9,400 ■! I 2,639 39,104 1 2,i 88 206 168 1 86 30 7 46 53 57 105 183 331 1,69,1 2,349 1,663 3 1,058 361 47 237 656 25 175 194 25 400 160 34 23,819 10,269 295 39 25 315 676 1,486 1,432 9.304 108 8 1,333 206 1,518 415 497 1,103 291 92 1,468 115 63 3,519 617 379 718 24 940 86 10 523 1 374 219 41 30 2,799 424 102 129 24 2,179 342 '"ui 38 1,206 465 424 3,115 572 439 992 GENERAL TABLES. 519 Table 13.— MOTIVE POWER, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. Group 10.— MEXALS AND MEXAli PRODUCTS, OTHER THAN IRON AND STEEl,— Continued. NUMBER OF ESTABLISU- MENTa. Total horse- power. OWNED. RENTED. Total. Re- port- ing power. Engines. Water wheels. Water motors. Electric motors. . Other power, horse- power. Elec- tric, horse- power. Steam. Gas and gasoline. Other kind, horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Smelting and refining, lead . . 32 31 65 174 14 377 21 17 28 14 30 31 38 157 11 199 18 17 27 13 32, 648 23, 462 18. 157 11,203 • 1,012 9,918 1,382 168 2,948 4,646 169 154 64 90 10 101 9 3. 16 32 22,440 17,566 16, 626 8,421 1,267 6,899 629 105 2,114 3,011 4 5 9 21 1 56 2 4 3 100 48 154 337 15 771 55 16 19 1 1 210 219 26 61 16 114 300 6,981 5,048 1,046 1,115 224 972 409 800 130 75 16 18 Smelting and refining, zinc Smelting and refining, not Jrom the ore Stamped ware 5 3 1,268 96 27 787 65 700 279 23 616 161 17 373 Tinloil 25 1 76 1 2 481 Type founding 10 2 1 18 40 1 1 5 Watch cases 22 216 89 1,474 70 Watches Group 11.— TOHACCO. United States. 16,828 564 29,178- 345 20,166 66 693 9 244 4 13 421 4,574 1,268 1,941 400 Tobacco, chewing and smoking, and 433 16, 395 229 326 22, 316 6,862 251 94 16,068 4,087 14 62 182 411 9 244 1 3 10 3 347 74 3,781 793 1,258 563 1,388 220 Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes 180 Group 13 VEHICLiES FOR liAND TRANSPORTATION. United States 7,286 4,199 446,529 3,870 302, 494 1,091 13,729 164 6,368 21 81 4,960 85,256 19,769 18,083 1,769 57 121 101 632 78 4,956 1,141 86 73 14 26 50 113 80 528 50 2,235 963 75 66 14 25 2,803 10,484 7,131 46,318 3,848 68,495 214,719 12,363 70,183 9,763 1,432 21 53 49 559 40 932 1,768 17 379 36 17 1,811 5,565 4,906 37, 967 3,124 44,447 143,295 1,355 52,261 6,775 988 18 69 34 68 9 790 100 1 6 310 1,149 231 2,190 104 7,549 1,877 40 193 1 1 2 38 8 89 9 6 6 40 40 35 1,500 292 2,337 202 600 226 12 96 50 148 31 359 3,028 360 717 167 318 2,860 1,401 2,183 215 5,471 46, 561 9,199 i4,189 2,709 160 ""'27' 47 16, 636 2,999 60 269 792 336 897 81 7,883 6,074 1,159 316 229 67 65 78 222 Carriage and wagon materials Carriages and sleds, children' s Carriages and wagons , Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam railroad corn- 554 32 20 1 80 1 681 73 Cars and general shop construction and repairs by street railroad com- Cars, steam railroad, not including operations of railroad companies Cars, street railroad, not including operations of railroad companies 6 86 6 97 64 Group 13 SHIPHUIIiDING. Group 14.— MISCEliIiANEOUS INDUSTRIES. United States 12, 377 Agricultural implements Ammunition Artificial leathers and flowers. Artists' materials Belting and hose, rubber Boots and shoes, rubber Brooms and brushes Buttons , Colfe Combs Dairymen's, poulterers' and apiarists' supplies Dentists' materials - ■ Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies • - ■ — ■ - Enameling and enameled goods Engravers' materials 648 32 213 28 19 22 1,316 276 278 42 784 92 10 ,163 589 19 21 19 19 22 566 236 197 37 126 710 66 106, 623 7,633 184 668 12,406 27, 236 6,645 7,093 75,991 1,298 4,616 1,417 145,816 9,441 136 6 66 98 106 91 686 20 73 18 395 63 2 625,246 76, 018 3,243 110 261 10,790 24,145 3,428 4,374 59,829 846 77,009 6,202 80 1,314 18,020 166 7 3 4 211 76 4 3 33 11 111 22 1 1,238 721 150 24 374 66 2,940 773 6 482 128 6,288 361 160 960 1,300 303 517 178 100 487 5 1,165 162 26 9,509 690 134 356 3 6,141 87 96, 595 16,885 2,477 62 1,162 204 111 9,322 35 522 304 40,440 1,837 2,157 530 74 8 5,316 60 500 United States 1,097 611 93,390 66, 186 27,204 1,015 69,263 182 1,785 4 67 5 20 1,137 16,263 4,404 2,367 231 54 1,043 64 557 439 576 45,142 24,111 7 176 88 1,697 2 3 3 17 1,121 16 16, 167 106 4,103 301 1,563 804 130 Shipbuilding, wooden, Including boat 4 67 101 21, 313 93 16, 606 76 95 24 107 600 273 794 16 2,883 36 50 520 MANUFACTURES. Table 13.— MOTIVE POWER, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Continued. Group 14.— JM:iSCElil.AlVEOUS INDUSTRIES— Continued. NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. Total horse- power. OWNED. RENTED. Total. Re- port- ing power. Engines. Water wheels. Water motors. Electric motors. Other power, horse- power. Elec- tric, horse- power. INDUSTRY. Steam. Gas and gasoline. Other kind, horse- power. Num- ber. Horse-' power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified. 327 36 34 34 868 • 86 11 126 65 68 237 1,320 225 66 32 97 54 716 547 111 181 94 249 101 122 54 8 33 14 40 90 68 1 307 224 8 37 162 143 106 6 180 161 373 204 92 2 58 63 144 176 17 16 31 143 61 9 12 54 61 147 1,277 167 58 10 69 46 469 436 67 92 73 176 86 100 26 13 33 60 52 1 210 188 8 33 106 90 87 3 84 89 164 127 60 3,655 140 347 3,621 1,994 1,263 922 62 2,279 2,749 8,895 195,171 2,341 1,262 262 361 679 13,648 4,369 1,646 1,631 4.464 19,280 9,563 4,085 6,016 2.997 272 2,812 1.406 4,700 1,058 625 23,405 56, 881 1,196 2,041 3,019 4,527 9,096 447 3,089 4,969 6,276 2,722 3,822 42 1,908 30 676 1 10 2 9 110 179 624 83 28 21 484 227 349 67 16 28 24 30 8 1 104 40 60 2,580 26 21 6 1 3 136 34 48 24 40 164 69 13 95 9 3 9 9 47 15 4 531 287 10 14 ■ 34 33 100 7 26 60 56 26 49 303 3,125 1,027 972 605 30 1,349 1,992 6,183 184,670 1,022 784 243 60 286 7,893 631 1,052 766 3,145 16,906 6,649- 2,290 5,002 2,580 60 1,906 1,005 3,062 683 545 21,711 44,726 768 1,186 2,030 2,590 7,633 447 2,136 3,437 3,605 1,569 3,237 1 3 13 5 1 2 2 1 32 22 39 2 ie 107 65 32 40 3 73 4 299 618 366 27 3 9 1 5 165 272 3 275 3 78 125 146 1 3 26 Graphite and graphite reflning 1 2 29 290 81 968 1,068 316 128 2 151 193 2,922 920 182 336 200 764 968 242 140 15 74 181 73 301 43 8 3 22 18 2 8 324 241 1,913 1,075 70 177 1 28 26 287 65 1 1 1 10 49 3 2 2 44 140 48 39 31 27 40 383 147 3,611 231 16 10 2 126 428 11 40 28 369 1,813 971 676 860 372 "i,'979' 66 2 6 2" 2 1 203 2 7 41 House furnishing goods, not elsewhere 386 2,360 Instruments, professional and scien- tific 1 1 269 131 7 8 3 101 103 4 15 18 11 8 6 2 76 6 1,610 910 71 109 266 216 259 56 14 83 69 10 3 305 62 4 2 13 5 677 Models and patterns, not including 1,930 200 Musical instruments and materials, 6 3 8 11 10 128 235 279 288 736 262 2 3 2 11 21 33 222 281 Musical instruments, piano and organ 386 88 30 Pens, fountain and stylographic Phonographs and graphophones 3 2 7 13 7 20 9 74 177 67 2 100 20 14 1 225 290 35 1,010 426 219 Photographic materials 1 25 1 1 123 275 Pulp.'from fiber other than wood 3 35 341 7 62 2 137 15 80 383 7,500 62 508 24 1,131 260 12 13 165 307 8 31 1 491 1,984 46 136 '""26' 460 1,096 229 122 338 633 816 60 268 Sand and emery paper and cloth 91 9 13 16 8 147 136 126 181 68 10 242 2 1 2 2 248 stationery goods, not elsewhere speci- fied 148 2 46 171 Straw goods, not elsewhere specified . . 30 26 21 12 10 241 283 194 112 169 3 17 3 124 863 425 4 12 23 29 6 63 212 260 600 258 464 97 626 265 58 61 77 167 175 Washing machines and clothes 2 36 65 43 48 64 1,068 3,874 2,812 15 38 26 824 2,426 1,719 3 23 6 68 245 90 3 7 8 28 759 701 18 164 178 130 31 18 180 107 10 100 17 GENERAL TABLES. 521 Table 14.— MOTIVE POWER FOR INDUSTRIES SHOWING 50,000 HORSEPOWER AND OVER, BY STATES AND TERRI- TORIES: 1905. AGKICU1.TUKAI. IMPLiEMENTS. ' NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. Total horse- power. OWNED. RENTED. Total. Re- porting power. Engines. Water wheels. Water motors. Electric motors.' Other power, horse- power. Elec- tric, horse- power. Steam. Gas and gas- oline. Other kind, horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- Horse- ber. power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. United States 648 FACI 106,623 098 75,018 165 2,360 128 6,288 4 12 690 16,885 2,157 3,828 75 Calilomia Connecticut 25 3 16 21 3 14 605 590 1,557 46,648 3,916 1,918 256 983 1,691 888 6,659 2,717 46 866 32 365 423 13,342 206 9,162 3,240 34 704 60 666 383 8,101 697 9 8 16 181 35 21 2 6 5 6 51 22 2 20 1 1 7 80 9 83 40 2 13 2 4 8 58 6 184 270 916 31,038 3,248 1,626 160 856 89 413 5,217 2,463 45 790 25 40 123 8,893 177 7,607 2,725 24 649 40 225 361 6,683 251 11 183 1 , 10 11 320 3 4 2 22 197 5 Georgia 3 16 10 9 6 23 147 137 103 93 21 416 5 12 618 11,714 85 177 .' Illinois S2 76 10 92S 1,625 20 1,163 321 90 12 109 8 10 581 26 33 Indiana 41 30 7 6 13 9 42 21 3 21 3 8 10 75 13 71 43 4 12 4 10 11 52 13 36 2S 6 4 11 9 39 18 21 3 7 9 73 11 70 33 3 11 3 9 9 48 12 2 1 100 22 5 Iowa Kansas Kentucky :::::: 3 18 Maine 4 46 2 12(1 1 1 1,648 345 60 • 1 Massachusetts Michigan 11 4 138 39 31 18 673 190 Minnesota _ Mississippi 7 2 66 7 ; Nebraska f 8 5 43 1 3 5 325 160 1,861 15 125 46 1 3 9 1 27 6 1 5 130 114 14 598 53 10 43 1 5 65 20 1,323 New York... 512 629 10 Ohio 56 798 1 10 ; 4 406 20 1 South Cfl.rnliTia. 2 12 Texas 10 Vermont 4 66 13 1 2 1 367 12 32 32 1 8 Virginia WiReoTisiTi 20 38 205 20 5 211 19 49 6 1,136 90 2 BOOTS AND SHOES. United States 1,316 1,116 62,587 634 40,228 115 2,355 30 1,686 4 26 636 6,367 25 5,328 6,672 21 9 7 44 4 5 9 10 50 14 602 23 17 34 3 60 61 188 62 3 119 4 5 4 3 6 6 63 4 13 9 5 35 4 6 8 7 41 12 437 18 13 34 2 48 .39 147 5 60 2 99 4 3 3 3 6 3 47 4 241 238 61 2,0.62 133 263 294 169 2,744 176 20,597 696 1,033 7,371 86 4,816 1,436 5,952 70 7,431 16 3,256 200 15 600 71 734 31 1,886 23 3 6 2 16 1 6 3 1 30 i 2 175 11 5 29 145 131 45 1,307 40 253 115 50 2,017 60 14,028 410 500 4,385 96 27 16 90 17 10 143 111 1 5 t 76 Georgia 11 3 192 76 16 214 249 1 Kentucky 3 26 10 2 2 6 13 3 1 8 14 54 120 85 20 Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire 7 226 1 3 1 4 92 1.58 235 37 1 60 53 12 903 47 150 2,227 1,478 154 363 209 35 122 34 1,048 4,008 17 193 560 1 50 40 35 44 1 43 3,637 1,338 3,372 25 4,085 10 667 1 - 10 1 9 275 15 98 26 190 4 13 3 26 38 179 20 1,188 1 10 8 1 642 25 1 10 703 146 1,434 623 16 323 20 16 20 13 201 59 1 2,456 80 9 75 8 155 246 100 2 465 6 15 1 3 65 6 496 i 20 21 219 31 221 11 16 889 16 1 207 4 3 67 39 497 5 8 ' ilncludes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 2; Arkansas, 1; Colorado, 1; Maryland, 2; North Dakota, 1; Oregon, 1; South Dakota, 2; Utah, 1; ^''a'lmiudese'stabUshments distributed as loUows: Colorado,!; Delaware,!; Indian Territory, 1; Rhode Island, 1. 522 MANUFACTURES. Table 14.— MOTIVE POWER FOR INDUSTRIES SHOWING 50,000 HORSEPOWER AND OVER, BY STATES AND TERRI- TORIES: 1905— Continued. BOXES, WOODEN PACKING. NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. Total horse- power. OWNED. RENTED. STATE OR TERRITORY. Total. Re- porting power. Engines. Water wheels. Water motors. Electric motors. Num- Horse- ber. power. Other power, horse- power. Elec- tric, horse- power. Steam. Gas and gas- oline. Other kind, horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. United States 1,023 946 87,256 890 73,720 69 1,005 168 5,961 1 ■4 70 1,306 81 2,460 2,720 Alabama 9 8 28 3 9 9 8 11 52 28 11 4 9 10 26 41 120 46 16 25 46 17 183 18 71 15 55 9 4 28 3 9 9 8 11 39 26 9 4 9 7 26 40 120 42. 12 25 44 13 171 18 66 13 48 966 366 5,966 120 166 373 ■806 1,466 '9,181 1,429 988 512 2,656 748 3,026 3,683 11,996 4,008 1,528 3,049 3,851 512 9,693 856 3,991 802 3,346 520 67 1,540 547 1,473 1,514 666 270 3,989 812 21 , 6 29 3 3 10 14 20 61 22 11 5 14 6 27 46 98 38 12 25 35 9 108 21 62 11 41 7 2 24 10 8 26 10 3 46 7 954 360 5,196 120 55 373 806 1,466 8,768 1,316 971 610 1,885 720 2,360 3,683 9,777 3,570 1,256 2,286 2,653 408 6,684 820 3,728 640 3,192 486 60 1,540 480 636 1,465 466 162 3,703 279 1 12 1 2 6 16 ! * . 323 1 20 126 276 Connecticut 1 25 60 36 Florida Illinois 4 5 1 60 98 7 1 10 4 83 56 216 Indiana , 16 10 2 136 28 Kansas 1 6 38 630 Louisiana 13 605 76 85 9 6 188 88 37 3 1 1,236 190 125 1 6 2 3 3 323 16 60 32 53 24 87 710 Michigan 1 120 Missouri 2 22 ' New Hampshire 29 863 436 2 14 44 160 1 2 16 30 10 920 47 1 i,629 36 Ohio 8 nn 2 20 6 29 30 40 30 Oregon 1 3 4 21 2 128 PpTinsylvn.nin. 5 1 62 5 30 6 j 6 3 3 9 12 24 17 10 5 52 7 9 11 23 17 8 5 44 7 Texas 1 1 7 6 1 60 Vermont 26 1 677 16 1 4 " 1 1 9 25 60 Washington 60 West Virginia 2 5 1 100 65 8 1 6 8 180 W isconsin 1 5 11 25 626 - - BRI4 :it AND Til .E. United States 4,634 3,476 265,832 4,113 246, 200 222 5,246 15 457 1 1 43 470 481 2,566 Alabama 63 66 3,360 143 1,861 6,067 2,192 3,264 479 770 903 6,479 147 28, 122 1,806 16, 896 14,646 7,240 3,098 3,216 880 4,353 3,745 8,147 4,132 2,368 6,978 589 3,610 120 1,315 5,979 61 1 35 60 32 46 10 8 17 79 2 449 24 339 249 81 63 llf) 11 60 53 172 83 61 126 8 67 3,341 125 1,841 4,689 2,081 3,199 479 770 863 6,453 47 27,317 1,805 16, 106 14,463 6,934 3,084 3,215 667 4,346 3,690 7,904 3,874 2,365 6,729 424 3,281 2 1 9 18 10 5 2 Arkansas 56 69 63 34 21 8 14 59 19 435 27 392 302 66 88 62 66 60 64 169 101 74 162 14 99 6 36 63 31 52 33 31 9 7 14 67 3 312 17 316 226 56 57 62 29 29 48 168 83 48 89 8 70 1 9 52 io" 290 111 46 Cahf omia 7 113 2 75 Colorado 1 Connecticut 2 1 10 District of Columbia Florida 1 1 40 6 Georgia 1 26" 100 136 Idaho 16 247 9 63 """342" is Indio^na 27 12 5 3 679 146 306 12 1 1 ' io' 4 ""ioo" 32 Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana -2 Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan 14 1 3 9 13 1 6 ""12 133 4 10 141 173 3 214 1 1 2 15 25 26 z! io' 3 20 65' Minnesota Mississippi 1 3 26' 62 Montana Nebraska Nevada ' i' 36' 2 33 166 2 New Hampshire New Jersey 13 85 1,210 5,886 2 26 8' 1 80' 8 85' 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Arizona, 2; Mississicbi 2- Nphrnskn 2- Npvorio 1 » Includes 2 establishments tor Rhode Island which are not shown separately. Nevada. 1. GENERAL TABLES. 523 Table 14.— MOTIVE POWEK FOR INDUSTRIES SHOWING 50,.000 HORSEPOWER AND OVER, BY STATES AND TERRI- TORIES: 1905— Continued. llltlOlv ANU XIL.K— Continued. NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. STATE OR TERRITORY. New Mexico New York North Carolina . North Dakota-. Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania . . South Carolina. South Dakota. Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia. , Wisconsin Wyoming , ] Re- Total. porting power. 1 10 2 192 169 111 79 14 10 590 504 23 17 43 25 370 309 47 45 10 8 84 48 92 50 39 8 9 7 84 69 .51 36 37 34 141 103 3 1 Total horse- power. 163 19, 110 3,222 432 33, 430 Engines. Steam. Num- ber. 201 84 11 675 Horse- power. 1,224 19 1 766 25 1 1,271 373 2,531 52 365 7 3,165 64 3,406 54 737 8 258 5 4,977 80 1,486 33 3,447 48 5,995 117 65 1 165 18, 443 3,222 372 32,247 1,224 ,764 29, 744 2,256 320 3,165 3,397 314 210 4,832 1,256 3,391 5,745 Gas and gas- oline. Num- Ilorse- ber. ' power. 35 1,018 2 1,224 18 146 56 149 Water wheels. Num- Horse- ber. I power. 60 Water motors. Electric motors. Num- ber. Horse- Num- power. ' ber. Horse- power. 100 65 25 139 36 Other power, horse- 26 37 Elec- tric, horse- power. 196 130 275 Other kind, horse- power. 358 30 44 300 BUTTER. United States 5,235 i 5,130 Arizona Arkansas California . . . Colorado Connecticut . Delaware Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky . Maine Maryland . Massachusetts . Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire . New Jersey New York North Dakota- .. Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania . . South Dakota. Tennessee . Texas Utah Vermont . . Virginia... Washington Wisconsin Wyoming All other states > - 77, 777 3 3 2:fi 225 12 12 41 40 11 11 6 6 12 11 349 347 63 62 607 605 67 63 3 3 36 36 55 55 .36 36 203 202 712 704 37 36 36 36 4 4 31 29 29 29 ,543 620 56 50 l.i4 152 3 3 67 65 519 517 97 94 3 3 10 6 .39 34 172 170 4 3 68 64 902 881 5 5 4 4 263 42 2,713 430 299 165 64 116 4,702 814 9,648 2,400 37 443 576 354 2,777 11, 150 529 865 67 494 353 8,441 618 2,126 91 641 8,665 1,410 21 62 776 2,382 14 775 12,340 83 32 5,712 3 199 16 38 15 6 8 363 70 665 132 2 38 56 36 221 727 36 36 29 32 636 45 171 5 62 672 3 2 47 176 3 59 1,000 4 4 73,2 206 186 42 1,167 380 291 165 64 92 1,616 797 1,386 1,360 27 443 663 343 !,663 1,426 405 774 67 '427 363 !,060 649 !,034 83 549 !,156 [,235 21 36 725 2,115 .14 626 1,960 61 32 1,492 2 38 3 'i64" 131 14 10 54 106 18 27 165 53 33 3 205 175 11 224 23 27 I 3 CO 'mi 195 41 212 10 ;. 1,570 42! I .) 7 > Includes establishments distributed as follows: Montana, 2; Rhode Island, 1; West Virginia, 1. 18 28 23 606 106 33 10 11? 91 1 22 24 "i "e 25 524 MANUFACTURES. Table 14.— MOTIVE POWER FOR INDUSTRIES SHOWING 50,000 HORSEPOWER AND OVER, BY STATES AND TERRI- TORIES: 1905— Continued. CAKKIAGES AND WAGONS. 1 NUMBER OF , ESTABLISH- ' MENTS. , Total horse- power. OWNED. RENTED. j '. Re- Total, porting! power. Engines. Water wheels. Water motors. Electric motors. Other power, horse- power. Elec- tric, horse- power. Steam. Gas and gas- oline. Other kind, horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. United States 4,956 2,235 68,495 932 44,447 790 7,649 89 2.337 20 80 369 6,471 47 7,883 681 23 1 8 16 1 11 . 459 321 724 84 903 104 57 169 1,261 5,752 9,708 1,513 96 3,265 220 702 564 1,770 6,796 1,712 413 1,970 21 94 507 1,091 24 6,310 1,310 7,375 15 95 4,908 158 420 16 1,107 118 7 11 5 1 21 2 1 3 22 52 70 21 3 31 8 19 14 33 63 29 9 33 406 296 43 10 465 20 25 125 916 3,805 6,050 1,170 65 2,586 126 256 274 758 4,661 1,214 394 1,207 4 1 36 2 16 4 1 4 5 48 42 25 4 10 3 30 6 28 34 39 1 27 1 6 10 33 33 5 237 8 145 34 25 14 29 413 602 177 23 68 29 199 48 212 417 299 4 205 6 38 64 280 20 20 420 66 103 60 7 30 117 916 604 116 18 117 65 90 86 477 271 138 15 468 15 66 71 188 24 617 55 1,605 10 26 325 51 90 8 51 53 184 35 96 21 112 16 44 4 22 4 2 7 167 1 3 20 6 ' 2 31 1 ID 75 1 35 290 157 j 188 , 1(13 Florida Georgia 1 4 8 270 11 16 116 1 141 341 2,440 60 ... . 40 7 12 97 38 102 40 154 111 280 183 134 12 222 6 17 39 200 4 590 125 348 8 14 601 30 38 3 59 34 3 32 92 25 34 311 5 62 10 37 16 57 26 112 101 73 8 103 6 10 29 68 2 239 50 162 6 8 247 14 10 2 26 12 Kentucky 1 16 19 468 • 6 5 2 2 167 132 20 123 . 22 2 2 30 17 12 299 60 291 Michigan 25 1 Mississippi 100 11 22 233 597 10 121 20 2 8 1 10 6 98 38 71 3,971 1,165 4,614 74 11 49 5 1 108 4 2 1 9 2 790 66 730 5 8 1,242 47 • 13 8 108 30 23 1 768 10 8 44 4 86 35 15 34 385 1 106 4 6 60 3,079 60 208 1 2 2 4 8 143 3 38 1 9 33 100 14 1 918 35 1 25 Utah Vermont 23 35 20 14 149 3 324 ' 778 130 365 5,736 50 3 18 33 491 9 10 68 102 8 3 195 117 28 64 130 20 168 26 Virginia 1 1 1 3 West Virginia 7 73 1 237 3,869 15 7 77 ■ 1 108 601 10 2 56 70 1,014 25 4 All other states ^ < ARS AlVU OENERAL SHOP CONSTKUCTION AND REPAIRS BY STEAM RAILROAD €OJTIPANIES, United States. Alabama.. Arizona... Arkansas.. Calilornia. Colorado . . Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia. Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory. Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky . Louisiana - Maine Maryland. . 1,141 963 16 16 7 7 13 12 28 26 34 26 5 4 6 3 3 3 6 5 28 26 8 3 99 76 4 2 44 38 40 32 23 18 24 17 16 14 15 14 21 15 1 214,719 3,630 616 1,861 5,152 2,967 810 3,116 612 545 2,206 2,015 21,213 130 10,524 6,062 2,788 2,658 799 1,363 6,162 10 32 34 6 11 7 7 33 12 156 2 90 3,040 267 1,117 1,316 1,948 495 1,345 445 545 2,135 965 13,361 130 8,229 4,059 2,649 2,539 796 702 2,080 1,877 129 44 66 5 34 3,028 122 10 68 46,661 505 35 700 399 545 1,771 119 1,050 6,480 1,398 870 534 917 16,636 2,116 891 487 55 2,160 6,074 1 Includes establishments distributed as tollows: Arizona, 1; Indian Territory , 1 ; Nevada,!; North Dakota, 1; Wyoming, 1. GENERAL TABLES. 525 Table 14.— MOTIVE POWER FOR INDUSTRIES SHOWING 50,000 HORSEPOWER AND OVER, BY STATES AND TERRI- TORIES; 1905— Continued. CARS AND GENERAI. SHOP CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIRS BTf STEAM RAILROAD COMPANIES-Continued. NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. Total horse- power. OWNED. RENTED. ST\TE OR TERRITOKY Total. Re- porting power. Engines. Water wlwis. Water motors. Electric motors. Other power, horse- power. Elec- tric, horse- power. Steam. Gas and gas- oline. Other kind, horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. 2 1 Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Massachusetts 34 24 15 34 10 20 u 2S 9 2,626 4,693 6,367 1,019 6,005 2,136 0,143 212 1,466 6,664 852 9,142 988 128 18,827 955 46,812 610 285 2,027 3,826 379 1,010 5,340 1,518 2,829 5,685 1,574 583 21 57 43 18 41 12 42 5 6 65 8 113 15 3 146 9 283 9 5 22 67 4 8 64 9 34 31 14 9 2,385 4,138 4,094 1,004 4,828 1,626 3,650 192 640 3,824 646 7,018 973 92 12,886 752 26,918 600 270 1,904 3,695 194 790 4,072 695 2,032 3,222 1,112 583 41 15 2 48 131 50 540 1,760 150 Michigan Minnesota 503 15 45 10 580 Mississippi Missouri 2 3 70 Hi 79 93 35 7li 1,012 475 1,933 50 110 Montana Nebraslca ;!0 , 16 1 1 Nevada 6 2l 10 65 11 3 74 12 128 S 6 16 47 6 29 10 24 30 9 4 6 20 7 69 9 3 68 11 114 4 13 43 4 6 27 9 22 25 8 3 20 635 16 New Hampshire 2 110 80 880 177 105 New Jersey 11 314 221 1 29 1,631 30 926 New Mexico New York; 15 209 884 North Carolina North Dakota 1 6 1 18 1 6 57 30 423 10 7 305 30 4,873 Ohio 988 23 173 361 regon PennsylvflTii^ 4 33 958 14,6.55 4,382 46 South Carolina South Dakota 1 5 16 1 15 123 91 25 Tennessee. . Texas 1 1 10 10 30 20' Utah 150 200 Vermont Virginia 2 1 1 4,5 8 8 56 15 19 107 11 1,223 177 360 2,084 86 429 373 376 638 "West Virginia 6 Wyoming ( CARS, STEAM RAILROAD, NOT INCLUDING OPERATIONS OF RAILROAD fOMPANIES. 73 66 70,183 379 62,261 6 193 5 225 717 14, 189 2,999 316 3 16 6 4 4 5 4 5 9 17 3 13 6 4 4 6 3 4 9 16 1,887 17,106 4,761 470 9,243 4,108 2,635 3,599 20,304 6,170 12 60 34 7 22 29 14 12 123 66 1,623 14,130 4,760 470 6,B61 3,410 2,350 1,725 12,294 4,838 23 170 2,276 1 94 620 -THinois 2 56 ^ 25 2 90 3 150 86 20 4 76 413 33 2,192 462 65 1,874 6,462 697 210 120 150 36 New York Ohio . 2 48 1,500 455 2 75 105 CEMENT. T^nitf'l States 129 126 179, 145 639 137,112 25 3,063 44 2,980 1,030 29,541 668 5,761 40 4 3 6 6 4 3 13 3 6 26 12 22 3 3 13 3 3 6 6 4 3 13 3 6 26 12 21 3 2 15 5,351 5,045 7,025 7,006 6,383 1,650 24,028 400 12,465 29,946 13,319 43,783 3,555 726 18,474 3 8 16 30 22 7 79 5 65 90 38 211 11 5 60 540 3,245 5,950 5,539 2,865 1,650 16,515 400 12,205 21,339 9,676 38,784 2,970 700 14,836 4,811 60 34 35 18 1,800 925 1,450 633 160 15 1 14 2 2,885 2 15 21 2,060 156 5,4351 13 1 4 1 20 120 4 1 22 30 900 9 190 99 273 42 1 113 200 7,257 3,740 4,609 585 25 2,882 .. 130 200 360 40 2 17 ;; 740 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alaska, 1 ;. Oklahoma, 2; Rhode Island. 1. 2 Includes establishments distributed as lollows; Alabama, 2; Colorado, 1; Georgia, 2; Iowa, 1; Kansas,!; Kentucky,!; Maryland,!; New Hampshire. 1; New Jersey, 2; Tennessee, 2; West Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 2. 3 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 2; Colorado, 1; District of Columbia, 1; Kentucky, 2; Missouri, 2; North Dakota, 1; Tennessee, 1; Texas, 2; Utah, 1; Washington, 1; West Virginia, 1. 526 MANUFACTURES. Table 14.— MOTIVE POWER FOR INDUSTRIES SHOWING 50,000 HORSEPOWER AND OVER, BY STATES AND TERRI- TORIES: 1905— Continued. CHE:inlCAL.S. STATE OR TERRITORY. United States California Georgia Illinois Indiana Louisiana Maryland Massacliusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New .Jersey New Yorlc Ohio Pennsylvania Virginia Wisconsin All other states i . . . NUMBER OF- ESTABLISH- MENTS. Re- porting power. 275 237 Total horse- power. 140,372 1,060 109 3,8.54 340 85 625 3,431 24,048 62 1,693 10,168 70, 178 6,419 11,161 2,656 243 4,440 Engines. Steam. Num- ber. 23 2 31 4 4 15 24 233 1 24 164 292 73 162 6 6 19 Horse- power. 741 64 ;,816 245 85 625 ;,496 1,860 16 ,330 1,571 1,269 i,734 1,342 125 243 Gas and gas- oline. Num- ber. Horse- power. 9 241 30 37 Water wheels. Num- ber. Horse- power. Water motors. Electric motors. power, I horse- 1 power. Num- I Horse- Num- j Horse- ber. power, ber. power. 629 1 2,160 ,700 8,110 51 112 10 980 95 263 1,086 3,529 250 499 1,097 200 "25' 10 406 176 281 Elec- tric, horse- power. 10,078 707 2,010 2 165 7,043 Other kind, horse- power. 25 335 43,655 OOKE. United States Alabama Colorado Indian Territory. . . Kansas Eentuclcy Ohio Pennsylvania Tennessee Virginia West Virginia AH other states 3. . . i 110 9 13 74 19 197 75,991 3,385 3,806 110 170 350 48,965 405 6,495 3,907 9,408 2 404 5 38 60 59,829 3,076 3,806 110 170 350 38,308 315 4,756 3,222 5,718 30 'i26' 356 9,322 5,316 310 14 10 157 4,477 I 5,240 666 400 3,470 1,187 742 60 ! 285 I 100 COTTON GOODS. 1,077 1,073 1,031,843 2,002 702,023 16 1,695 1.218 251,884 767 62,734 722 13, 566 46 49 103 5 4 3 15 12 142 14 25 17 30 212 3 144 73 127 16 13 4 10 3 7 46 49 103 5 4 3 15 12 142 14 25 17 30 212 3 141 72 127 16 13 4 10 3 7 28,084 48,642 80,636 6,266 3,086 2,050 39,836 12,245 309, 616 6,904 79,405 16, 698 26,674 93,648 330 22,843 71,926 166.117 8,346 3,623 4,253 9,602 940 4, 475 75 80 135 13 9 4 26 24 594 21 90 87 49 283 2 129 115 183 27 17 7 15 3 14 18,860 24,441 50,972 5,260 3,086 2,020 10,930 9,650 237,868 5,825 40,303 14,491 16,956 68,369 276 19,330 82,382 96,842 7,840 3,270 2,964 6,920 670 3,620 21 138 64 8,285 23,146 22,511 13 7 58 . 2 579 1,031 3,101 16 j 36' 360 10 2.922 Connecticut 1 16 1,000 Indiana 1 41 4 189 2 40 17 22 44 3b 2,600 260 14, 549 37 3,866 180 212 1,333 124 17 292 25, 761 2,445 64, 422 565 42" 65 ;:::::::;;::::: New Hampshire 104 12 36 31,072 965 7,436 21,643 60 324 18,878 29,668 461 465 3 700 New Jersey 62 New York 2 8 1 4 85 460 527 750 (^ 1.463 132 5| 2 127 1 7 Ohio Pennsylvania '' 84 25 200 4 4 1 3 1,273 400 22.720 45 71 10 162 147 ■ 170 6,987 1 642 132 84 6 95 South Carolina Tennessee ! Texas. 1 182 20 Vermont.. 9 1,259 3,420 250 Virginia 1 33 5 "■ * Wisconsin 20 386 « 1 270 1 200 1 Includes cstablisliments distributed as follows: Colorado, 1; Connecticut, 1; Delaware, 1; District of Columbia, 1; Kentucky, 1; Maine. 1; Nevada 2; Rhode Island, 2; Texas,!; Vermont,!; West Virginia, 1; Wyoming,!. ' ' ' ' ' "' 2 Includes establishmpnts distributed as follows: Georgia, 2; Illinois,!; Maryland,!; Massachusetts,!; Minnesota.!; Montana,!; NewJersey.l; New Mexico 2; New York, 2; Utah, 2; Washington, 2; Wisconsin, 2; Wyoming,!. ' a Includes establishments distributed as follows: Arkansas, 2; California,!; Delaware,!; Illinois, 2; Missouri,!. GENERAL TABLES. 527 Table 14.— MOTIVE POWER FOR INDUSTRIES SHOWING 50,000 HORSEPOWER AND OVER, BY STATES AND TERRI- TORIES; 1905— Continued. BYEING ANI> FllVISHIlVG TEXTURES. NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. Total horse- power. OWNED. RENTED. Total. Re- porting power. Engines. Water motors. Electric motors. Other power, horse- power. Elec- tric, horse- power. 1,087 Steam. Gas and gas- oline. wheels. Other kind, horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. United States . . , 360 328 95, 505 1,533 70,385 10 711 71 10, 125 7 6 440 10,637 170 2,385 Connecticut 10 8 46 4 57 9 I 7 46 3 4fi 5,617 532 20,304 3,746 14,426 7,212 705 10,288 23,894 8,782 56 8 367 2 321 206 5 308 208 63 1,981 612 17,736 700 12,384 6,436 706 9,174 15,781 4,976 13 2,515 .31) 734 387 Tllinoi.s 10 10 Massachusetts 1 12 16 3 5 5 1,330 960 385 400 (13 ■ 1.3 71 6 1,062 830 1,591 84 164 New Hampshire 730 27 97 535 New Jersey i , . . 7 6 34 New York 65 ; 47 4 ! 4 123 ; 114 1 5 , 49 ■ 146 North Carolina Pennsylvania 1 2 1 30 470 160 40 177 40 670 5,189 571 170 45 163 25 293 Rhode Island 37 16 36 16 16 14 2,285 2, 260 16 800 EliECTRICAIi OTACHINEKY, APPARATUS, AND SUPPliIES. United States 784 710 145,816 395 77,009 111 2,940 62 1,155 7 26 6,141 40,440 50 21,313 2 883 Caliionua 24 32 104 34 3 _6 14 15 20 5 42 175 92 80 11 3 23 22 22 7 31 91 33 1 6 69 13 11 18 5 42 160 86 70 10 3 22 20 278 70 2,748 10, 646 4,879 280 329 15,796 401 140 826 172 8,008 40,811 9,405 43,828 3,317 15 3,372 496 2 70 5 1 4 3 12 51 3 13 64 112 157 67 316 1,196 190 46 64 1,127 134 110 498 56 311 11,333 791 4,350 177 15 124 266 Connecticut 17 20 20 2 1 37 3 1 3 1 40 52 43 126 7 1,806 4,615 2,720 116 60 7,822 226 15 287 4 5,547 21,021 5,596 23,046 1,920 3 180 1 1 16 1,220 165 59 243 4,393 1,837 120 190 379 TTidiana 1 20 Kentucky 1 10 3 1 3 1 3 20 15 20 15 151 20 15 24 3 44 129 490 1,697 4 6 200 145 1 10 1,246 8 6,464 22 86 Michigan 6 15 1 2 1 29 1 6 100 397 18 75 10 296 1,466 662 807 14 1,461 7,752 2,267 14,690 94 40 10 208 558 186 Pennsylvania 135 1,126 16 4 1,925 215 8 1 104 5 1 20 190 2 1,199 6 5 FERTILIZER!^. 400 360 60,986 720 44, 762 17 246 15 353 126 2,917 185 2,358 175 19 14 10 7 8 57 4 14 4 4 3 39 9 6 26 13 27 17 43 20 10 37 11 16 11 9 5 8 47 4 13 4 4 3 31 9 5 20 13 22 17 39 19 9 33 9 1,485 862 667 665 555 7,283 446 652 456 910 228 4,293 2,675 645 4,370 1,537 2,663 3,218 4,589 4,286 2,030 5,653 950 30 7 10 19 6 82 5 12 8 10 6 45 21 7 46 21 ,93 34 80 58 29 119 12 1,466 606 463 666 350 6,277 440 600 440 860 166 3,533 1,920 645 3,437 1,014 2,428 2,630 4,426 4,011 1,970 5,568 960 1 15 6 272 50 75 1 25 2 79 2 50 205 206 5 6 38 18 752 10 1 2 60 2 16 50 2 63 46 2 36 1 26 9 309 280 ""iis 371 200 2 88 1 30 44 815 523 215 1 10 19 3 588 38 1 26 6 100 225 50 3 1 60 10 2 S ' 2 36 31 1 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Alabama, 1; CalHornia, 1; Delaware, 1; Indiana, 2; Iowa, 1; Kentucky, 2; Maine, 1; Maryland, 2; Ohio, 1; ^""j'lncludes^est'ablishments' distributed as'follows: Delaware, 1; District of Columbia, 2; Georgia, 2; Iowa, 2; Louisiana, 2; Maine, 2; Nebraska, 2; Oregon, 2; Qnnth rnrnlina 1* Termessee, 2: Virginia, 2; Washington, 1; West Virginia, 1. "includes establishments distributed as follows: Alaska, 1; District of Columbia, 1; Kansas, 1; Michigan, 1; Missouri, 2; Nebraska, 1; Oregon, 1; Rhode Island, 1; Washington, 2. 528 MANUFACTURES. Table 14.— MOTIVE POWER FOR INDUSTRIES SHOWING 50,000 HORSEPOWER AND OVER, BY STATES AND TERRI- TORIES: 1905— Continued. FL,OUR AND GKIST Mllil. PKODUCTS. NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. Total horse- power. OWNED. RENTED. Total. Re- porting power. Engines. Water wheels. Water motors. Electric motors. Other power, horse- power. Elec- tric, horse- power. Steam. Gas and gas- oline. Other kind, horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. United States 10,061 10,018 780,042 6,639 473,689 1,006 26,326 7,261 268,1X1 12 241 232 4,724 388 15,584 979 40 9 91 122 52 86 47 7 114 28 363 33 566 276 354 ,388 3 161 202 142 405 363 9 682 12 234 9 72 182 13 826 234 56 694 75 105 1,196 22 29 96 387 154 63 109- 365 76 194 .389 11 40 9 91 122 52 86 47 7 7 114 28 363 33 566 273 361 388 3 153 201 140 405 363 9 682 12 232 9 72 180 13 822 234 56 694 73 105 1,188 22 29 96 387 154 63 109 365 76. 194 389 11 2,134 465 4,435 11,609 5,933 3,115 2,827 462 167 8,396 1,963 38.267 2,268 42,333 20,077 35,141 23, 391 140 6,603 10, 663 9,363 36, 197 86, 517 426 40,610 1,455 18,055 361 4,523 9,612 399 68,622 10,359 6,777 54,240 6,768 10,013 61,686 1,310 1,440 6,786 23,501 16, 319 3,047 7,178 16, 194 8,553 8,339 42,714 691 36 8 84 74 42 29 20 3 2 61 17 396 32 627 220 270 349 . 2 28 90 42 260 314 8 560 7 129 3 16 65 7 326 154 57 596 66 43 553 11 17 66 273 162 11 16 117 38 148 201 3 1,776 266 3,851 7,132 4,455 1,185 885 62 60 3,744 963 34,322 2,173 34,571 13,425 26,888 18,789 115 960 5,324 2,498 17,928 62,082 392 36,102 595 10, 153 59 609 2,391 257 26,242 6,282 5,254 42,238 6,219 2,334 26, 866 798 786 5,093 16,442 13,956 570 535 5,089 3,773 6,535 21,418 269 12 4 12 24 24 66 72 3 3 96 16 63 2 165 187 105 134 278 172 534 876 1,451 1,509 1,841 350 86 4,613 890 2,342 65 5,443 5,838 5,946 3,790 1 10 70 27 30 •2,720 1 5 1 2 5 605 6 7 15 14 1 10 6 240 21 209 101 37 Colorado 175 30 District of Columliia 60 2 4 22 68 2 65 16 110 639 Idaho 40 2 49 22 74 21 610 28 1,914 378 1,307 582 14 3 10 8 13 4 109 i 200 45 12 173 28 486 135 232 408 514 96 26 748 136 290 460 400 Kentucky Maine ■ 36 24 20 39 48 731 467 536 981 963 135 198 119 396 184 1 132 17 153 7 111 233 5 1,104 208 6 299 1 94 1,288 10 17 31 239 23 63 198 384 45 87 606 9 4,094 4,622 5,949 15, 351 32,629 3D 3,399 710 7,069 282 3,526 6,461 112 35,519 4,040 318 9, 691 50 6,355 29,212 430 1 1 2 20 30 7 60 Maryland 45 22 40 Massachusetts 61 io 38 1 21 442 424 3 248 45 Mississippi 34 678 1 35 48 150 166 20 272 20 30 1,924 35 17 474 3 90 7 104 Nevada New Hampshire 2 24 36 673 SO 17 New Yoric 136 4,144 16 501 62 2 130 North Carolina North Dalcota 10 49 22 3 176 1 198 1,951 283 36 4,880 12 3 14 1 11 7 360 11 20 148 Ohio 1 5 40' 95 105 1,268 494 30 105 Oklahoma 100 'Pennsylvania 87 South Carolina 550 1,060 South Dakota 'I 19 624 129 287 2 5 12 8 60 70 7,842 1,746 2,209 5,943 10,096 2,419 1,699 18, 664 332 1 14 14 260 238 197 488 2,256 Texas Utah 1 30 10 19 3 4 43 288 399 28 105 1,953 2 3 7 135 112 37 80 1 10 Washln^on 40 West Virginia Wisconsin 13 503 '"""236" SO Wyoming 1 FOUNDRY AND MjVCHINE SHOP PRODUCTS. United States . Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland 71 7 33 331 2.32 .30 10 18 81 736 10 296 185 84 70 64 96 8,326 69 7 31 298 81 224 30 8 16 77 6 678 9 284 67 75 62 60 95 97 696, 446 6,601 131 611 7,043 17, 868 3,681 122 342 4,404 146 56,881 126 20,588 3, 946 2, 7.39 3,066 2,797 4,845 6,251 6,393 102 6 23 58 42 220 103 67 66 74 64 87 364,963 I 2,333 4,848 117 .533 1,862 1, .572 10, 549 2,347 90 240 3,160 22 35, 2.50 97 12, 703 3, 213 1,707 2,560 2,229 2,328 3,823 6 1 7 115 2 4 2 150 4 113 83 33 10 16 18 30 39, 700 429 I 15,423 58 6 40 1,152 34 378 94 180 18 23 12 1,783 17 1,968 199 239 115 2.'iS llifl 196 60 812 799 264 9, 834 109, 294 79 247 31 1,225 9,427 66 237 3, 163 I 134 632 ' 30 737 i 11, 37,S 21 4,113 315 125 23 1 4(14 14 11 1 161 11 281 45 28 843 36 603 140 44, 983 136 3,446 892 2,156 603 32 84 181 51 4,913 12 1,479 345 315 126 4 618 101 12,391 20 1,513 10 42 189 GENERAL TABLES. 529 Table 14.— MOTIVE POWER FOR INDUSTRIES SHOWING 50,000 HORSEPOWER AND OVER, BY STATES AND TERRI- TORIES: 1905— Continued. FOUPTDKY AND MACHINE: SHOP PKODUCXS— Continued. NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. Total horse- power. OWNED. RENTED. Total. Re- porting power. Engines. Water wheels. Water motors. ' Electric motors. Other power, horse- power. Elec- tric, horse- power. Steam. Gas and gas- oline. Other kind, horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Plorse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. 677 397 163 36 208 626 386 154 34 196 41,810 19,608 4,386 7S2 6,960 1,171 640 2,993 35,937 87 67,994 1,584 161 71,901 206 1,147 134,949 7,393 1,122 269 5,363 2,861 99 3,201 2,529 2,848 3,075 32,459 46 403 274 67 24 130 10 11 30 332 2 662 60 5 6.36 7 19 1,281 73 43 3 91 73 13 29 67 42 66 219 28, 102 13,367 2,918 556 5,106 464 182 1,238 22, 721 45 35,661 1,156 79 53,772 78 312 77,017 4,097 1,078 180 4,075 1,970 99 1,057 1,938 1,450 1,841 15, 174 81 127 73 4 53 1 10 3 68 2 250 6 11 282 6 3 418 13 4 9 12 30 969 1,478 549 36 493 7 83 9 1,397 12 3,316 70 48 6,851 59 18 13, 366 110 16 79 82 216 54 20 1 2,727 563 25 2 18 269 171 13 3,901 2,962 107 803 25 2,831 niH ti49 180 861 296 266 566 1,006 30 10,248 207 24 2,317 69 772 3,469 1,562 28 2,459 271 Michigan Minnesota 138 Mi5iRi!q. » > » GENERAL TABLES. 531 Table 14.-M0TIVE POWER FOR INDUSTRIES SHOWING 50,000 HORSEPOWER AND OVER, BY STATES AND TERRI- TORIES: 1905— Continued. HOSIEKV AND KNIT OOODS. NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. Total horse- power. OWNED. RENTED. Total. Re- porting power. Engines. Water wheels. Water motors. Electric motors. Other power, horse- power. Elec- tric, horse- power. Steam'. Gas and gas- oline. Other kindj horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. United States.. 1,079 1,002 S3.S14 795 57,460 72 669 176 13, 622 2 10 414 6,076 4,626 Alabama 8 5 3 805 21 3,757 290 2,185 1,883 1,715 2 495 10,594 2,781 321 2,228 1,188 26,658 2,323 1,302 16, 847 1,565 890 1,181 25 1,363 1,243 2,516 636 10 805 California 21 5 Connecticut 24 I 24 7 1 6 21 21 "7 21 21 7 2,654 275 1,785 1,047 1,040 1 5 17 1,028 6 1 2 26 18 116 16 90 660 300 50 Delaware Georgia 310 261 175 2 20 164 86 20 40 43 2,028 30 339 763 72 25 50 25 60 1 96 10 Illinois 00 'I 3 4 58 38 10 21 5 1 4 54 34 in 2 10 5 Indiana 3 200 Maine Marvland 7 57 27 5 8 19 155 39 12 281 12 12 15 385 7,886 2,118 282 446 837 16,015 1,789 702 12,116 1,366 836 992 8 12 16 1 4 13 112 23 8 104 90 208 . 280 6 12 116 1,348 175 81 1,101 Massachusetts 7 6 2 153 67 14 15 2 2,145 160 39 80 Michigan Minnesota New Hampshire 21 20 25 21 21 2 78 5 2 9 1 1 1 1,514 150 6,839 285 101 149 40 30 10 216 New Jersey 4 25 43 141 New Yorlc 261 40 28 370 15 14 16 9 11 14 37 13 OO^ "iO 26 358 15 13 16 9 11 14 35 11 287 North Carolina 44 Ohio 4 9 79 67 2 10 1,652 88 Rhode Island South Carolina . TftTiTies.spp 3 129 Utah Vermont 8 18 17 10 605 1,210 1,751 622 16 696 1 3 54 12 32 408 10 2 76 4 3 1 185 i United States 1,320 1,277 195, 171 2,580 184, 570 22 618 IS 1,075 287 3,511 1,979 1,068 2,350 39 13 38 64 16 10 6 47 48 43 22 66 4 44 48 62 27 37 63 39 7 58 32 69 22 20 109 3 18 37 125 48 12 30 7 36 13 38 53 16 7 10 6 36 44 42 21 63 4 44 47 61 27 36 53 39 5 58 28 68 21 20 108 3 17 35 124 47 12 29 7 3,784 1,190 4,633 6,188 2, 363 786 706 2, 770 3,048 5,493 6,626 2,044 6,676 784 5,601 8,790 8,471 4,352 4,190 14,161 6, 731 462 16,239 3,033 12, 091 3, 323 1,416 24,076 290 1,844 6,342 18,736 4,628 905 2,850 662 64 22 71 64 24 12 17 22 71 111 86 31 109 11 74 96 109 46 75 137 107 5 128 44 145 28 26 305 2 48 82 261 81 17 43 7 3,784 1,186 4,622 6,027 2,127 780 705 2,560 2,933 6,353 5,579 2,036 5,589 784 5,569 8,475 8,170 4,230 4,171 13,296 6,427 377 14,271 2,976 11,852 3,256 1,312 22,904 130 1, 8.36 6,252 17, 793 4,376 755 2,614 465 • 1 ' 2 44 6 1 11 400 176 5 1 6 9 283 473 60 2 210 3 105 140 117 8 65 10 17 12 2 10 800 130 22 6 3 9 13 3? 7 32 30 195 72 19 606 54 2 1 6 2 200 100' 50 4 4 75 250 4 200 1 60 85 22 5 12 3 281^ 42 209 11 ii2 10 1,575 i 1 6 30 2 16 40 1 104, 2 4 46 160 31 500 7 620 1 4 26 3 9 30 277 24 20 450 40 2 2 1 215 193 20 1 1 ■ 35 130 5 1 160 15 11 1 86 8 74 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Idaho, 2; Iowa, 1; Kansas, 1; Kentuclcy, i; Louisiana, 1; Mississippi, 2; Missouri, 1; Nebraska, 1; Oregon, 1; nnc[udeaestablishments distributed as follows: Idaho, 1; Massachusetts, 1; Nebraska, 1; Nevada, 2; Utah, 1; Wisconsin,!. 532 MANUFACTURES. Table 14.— MOTIVE POWER FOR INDUSTRIES SHOWING 50,000 HORSEPOWER AND OVER, BY STATES AND TERRI- TORIES: 1905— Continued. IKON AND STEEL., BLAST FUKNACES. NUMBEB OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. Total horse- power. OWNED. EENTED. Total. Re- porting power. Engines. Water wheels. Water motors. Electric motors. Other power, horse- power. Elec- tric, horse- power. Steam. Gas and gas- oline. Other kind, horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. 190 189 825,749 1,665 762,382 27 3,757 21 680 1,370 52,471 6,320 139 19 4 4 11 5 9 33 66 13 10 4 13 19 4 4 11 6 9 33 64 13 10 4 13 101,635 3,285 50,378 8,360 10,755 43,614 180, 671 330,062 21,083 12,465 6,151 57,290 163 13 62 48 26 63 280 582 111 43 36 128 100,253 2,920 46,243 6, 706 10, 645 35,880 167, 666 298,667 21,009 12,466 5,875 55,154 15 4 142 28 6 89 328 661 3 587 305 4,891 869 110 4,534 12,931 25,908 72 700 95 2 40 1 20 IlUnois 290 44 2 400 12 385 New York 16 1 2 ' 2 3,200 25 72 2 Ohio 50 6,370 4 145 23 71 276 1,988 2 18 4 130 United States. Alabama California. .. Connecticut. Delaware — Georgia Illinois Indiana... Kentucky . Maine Maryland. . Massachusetts. . . Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire. New Jersey New York North Carolina.. Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania . . . Rhode Island. -- South Carolina.. Tennessee , Texas Vermont , Virginia Washington West Virginia.., Wisconsin All other states » IRON AND STEEI,, STEEIi WORKS AND ROI,L,ING ITni.IiS. United States 416 413 1,890,759 5,746 1,610,612 53 11,806 64 4,732 6 63 12,183 247,460 7,868 6,798 7,420 10 4 7 6 23 21 8 7 6 5 4 16 20 57 186 3 12 10 12 10 4 7 5 23 21 8 7 5 5 4 16 20 55 186 3 12 10 12 61,282 2,633 18,363 10,820 134,907 49,176 27,373 18,368 32,371 4,749 5,499 35,613 100,291 341,282 949,915 2,927 34,822 12,684 53,694 129 16 59 54 272 197 94 49 92 31 22 152 • 171 747 3,323 7 140 35 157 56,767 2,438 17,795 10,310 110,105 48,104 26,965 16,135 27,705 4,630 '4,412 30,641 69,764 302,767 799,323 646 • 34,250 10,995 46,881 116 1 33 24 1,274 46 17 74 104 4 52 214 1,186 1,743 6,788 1 46 148 313 4,626 15 668 610 23,699 672 408 2,233 4,161 119 807 3,987 30,861 37,120 129,092 60 672 1,558 6,613 180 .1 ' I ' 700 503 Indiana 4 400 10 605 1 80 1 50 150 76 16 526 6,202 7 5 2 7 23 760 760 150 450 652 4,732 io 2 36 8,300 30 2,996 1 1 12 150 Ohio 185 ' 3 300 2,232 7 270 Virginia # West Virginia . ■""266" 131 All other states 2 1 1 LiEATHER, TANNED, CURRIED, AND FINISHED. 1,049 909 4 2 49 46 9 9 20 20 29 20 28^ 26 13 10 20 18 27 24 17 13 132 124 25 22 9 6 9 8 8 8 73 67 118 112 34 17 40 33 11 10 206 185 6 6 3 2 29 21 5 2 4 3 44 29 3 3 33 25 33 33 9 M 1,315 3,829 391 5,.W5 1,161 6,520 642 1,824 2,352 1,130 15,469 4,439 281 .576 1,280 8,596 13,822 1,.521 2,9.58 314 34,9.38 308 41 1,831 36 180 2,623 70 3,023 13,974 47 9 63 12 33 23 46 17 41 29 24 167 46 3 9 83 161 29 47 10 424 3 1 37 2 4 50 3 61 107 3 1,040 2,936 271 5,. 357 1,081 6,080 614 1,766 1,591 982 14,444 3,896 170 546 1,185 7,129 11,111 1,488 2,682 309 27,083 275 35 1,710 35 135 2, .305 66 2,967 9,196 25 : I I 1,935 10 10 I 60 100 43 3,794 10 1 6 1 ' 50 1| 6 204 62 595 33 6 111 14 "i37' 12,625 40 276 538 20 260 18 58 666 148 166 48 100 30 25 1,101 591 2,014 317 365 11 336 477 100 1 147 50 4,158 40 12 ..... 33 15 I 16 40 50 30 '31 102 10 Massachusetts, 1; Minnesota, 1; Missouri, 2; West 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 1; Connecticut, 2; Kentucky,!; Marylund, Virginia, 3. 2 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado,!; Georgia,!; Kansas,!; Maine,!; Oregon, !■ Rhode Island 4- Tennessee 2- Waihinirt-on sincludes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 1; Iowa, 2; Louisiana,!; Mississippi, 2; North Dakota !■ South Dakota i- 'utah 1 GENERAL TABLES. 5H3 Table 14,— MOTIVE POWER FOR INDUSTRIES SHOWING 50,000 HORSEPOWER AND OVER, BY STATES AND TERRI- TORIES: 1905— Continued. LIQTJOKS, lUALX. STATE OR TERRITORY. NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. j Re- ! Total. Dorting power. United States | l , 531 Alabama California... Colorado Connecticut . Delaware 97 11 11 21 4 District of Columbia. Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota Missouri Montana Nebraska 5 14 10 116 112 41 41 1 19 19 20 20 9 8 21 19 37 29 Nevada New Hampshire. New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Penasylvania. . Rhode Island . . South Dakota. Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia Washington. West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming All other states i . 24 226 7 4 4 10 10 139 3 13 85 74 40 5 36 203 111 16 224 7 3 4 10 136 3 11 OWNED. RENTED. Total horse- St Num- ber. Engines. Water wheels. Water motors. Ek mc ctrio tors. Horse- power. Other power, horse- power. Elec- tric, horse- power. power. ^ain. Gas and gas- oline. Other kind, horse- power- Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- liorse- ber. power. 22 ' 67 Num- ber. 2,244 285,324 4,836 258,331 42 647 15 611 19,139 2,975 3,369 185 1,070 34 113 46 42 14 22 13 12 437 126 60 87 24 86 167 172 123 232 51 36 4 30 198 832 437 31 813 28 6 26 49 12 36 64 49 263 7 55 1,065 4,894 2,614 2,034 458 1,695 1,055 245 25,510 8,269 2,737 4,362 1,540 5,947 7,618 7,361 5,482 18,694 1,625 1,822 69 1,203 10,722 43,074 24,951 1,080 38,853 2,030 260 1,774 4,753 250 2,136 2,148 2,438 15,405 112 2,046 1 22 9 13 6 218 1.58 83 6,142 3,159 2 3 3 9 5 1 17 40 370 130 8 961 17 7 2,254 1 466 1 1,799 ! 14 3 104 50 1,113 i 8 74 79 47 76 319 27,849 1 2 1 2 46 2 2 200 188 52 26 96 22 9 30 17 24 ,581 4 1 1,837 116 256 551 234 205 343 111 131 2,603 39 60 221 10 • 8,489 1 1 3,071 4,913 1,794 20 1 46 6 432 13 2" 6,168 1 is 56 116 147 34 87 2 110 28 61 442 34 1 160 1 4 8,184 1 1 2 2 100 30 17 18 22: 7,629 1 5 6,210 1 1 21,362 1,753 3 2 1,876 181 1 1 1 5 3 2 30 12 174 43 1,261 11,512 68 248 187 717 2,020 1,674 to' 245 . 46,098 26,963 3 1 200 1 1 15 1 3 115 1,091 1 1 10 125 43,098 2,360 8 105 1 5 269 20 19 17 34 1 19 25 33 187 2,579 329 125 139 388 3 77 116 319 3,431 1,231 3' 40 392 ■ 1,913 5,141 i 326 1 ' 6 36' 67 2,249 3,023 2,757 1 3 2 ; 41 10 38 677 18,995 10 60 34 57 g; 112 2,233 15 128 .5.8 1 1 _ lilTjnBER AND TIMBEK PRODUCTS. United States 19,127 18,203 I 1,504,1 Alabama. . Alaska Arizona . . . Arkansas . . Calilornia. Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indian Territory . Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky . Louisiana . Maine Maryland . Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire. New Jersey New Mexico 590 572 6 6 5 5 852 836 308 288 87 86 114 102 10 74 198 178 793 695 95 91 269 265 41 39 774 769 49 49 4 4 864 821 421 387 752 716 203 201 296 283 766 692 222 192 618 610 374 365 41 38 4 4 386 336 114 111 23 23 50,991 335 2,223 73,126 51,381 5,436 3,829 2,274 31,771 44,323 9,607 16,776 1,877 38,868 8,965 216 36,695 80,518 69,300 8,492 15,283 96,821 49, 175 64,716 23,342 7,285 210 24,057 4,441 2,997 23,802 |l, 377, 722 6 19 1,212 553 139 100 78 404 1,066 123 342 78 4 1,003 768 479 266 210 1,125 330 882 522 51 6 270 104 29 60,020 310 2,223 72,436 49,373 5,266 2,840 2,274. 29,751 43,856 9,287 16,436 1,877 38,037 8,820 216 35,. 567 79,004 34,756 8,457 9,606 91,532 48,704 64,362 22,937 6,742 180 14,704 3,631 2,973 174 I 3,735 2,496 10 i 16 i 39 103,657 .580 25 42 1,296 3 1 5 2 23 24 486 11 1 86 162 20 18 176 66 255 20 701 33,161 196 44 1 1 2 6 1 229 30 1 5,618 3,420 30 30 32 543 30 9,082 807 24 13,642 165 1,846 45 211 60 683 535 213 35 63 1,207 421 318 74 2,332 1,098 47 I 935 50 2,687 160 "30 225 55 '6i5 20 loo 120 1 Includes establishments Carolina, 1: distributed as follows: Alaska, 1; Arizona, 1; Arkansas, 1; Florida, 1; Kansas, 2; Maine, 2; New Mexico, 2; Oklahoma, 2; South 534 MANUFACTURES. Table 14. -MOTIVE POWER FOR INDUSTRIES SHOWING 50,000 HORSEPOWER AND OVER, BY STATES AND TERRI- TORIES: 1905— Continued. L.UniBX:R AND XUnBER PKODUCTS— Continued. NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. Total horse- power. OWNED. KENTED. STATE OK TEBKITOEY. Total. Re- porting power. Engines. Water wheels. Water motors. Electric motors. Other power, horse- power. Elec- tric, horse- power. Steam. Gas and gas- oline. Other kind, horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- Horse- ber. power. 820 1,212 829 402 1,212 22 439 18 1,032 299 41 418 804 1,004 633 576 28 4 796 1,195 820 353 1,167 20 432 18 1,007 294 41 417 790 816 624 649 24 3 49,891 57,839 42,226 38,448 60,425 831 27,671 636 49,079 40,974 1,056 1 33,176 , 36, 143 123,817 31,246 84, 686 616 626 731 1,494 1,003 634 1,403 21 606 22 1,226 461 37 273 989 1,418 749 837 24 3 33,756 66,433 41,651 36,403 66,806 677 26, 436 636 47,109 40,235 869 16,594 34, 681 119,224 30,863 78,096 578 405 25 3 9 3 20 609 95 271 73 506 383 49 10 44 89 6 10 15,012 1,179 302 1,779 ■ 2,577 154 271 5 3 4 3 10 101 67 52 38 302 136 277 North Carolina 75 Ohio ""'ioo' 60 146 110 Oregon 10 25 South Carolina 24 825 140 Tennessee 4 2 68 19 27 642 is 4 i,i96 670 10 50 30 40 Texas Utah- 8 406 18 41 8 59 2 2 187 16,218 926 1,707 177 5,602 38 220 . 14 2 8 1 9 349 43 130 40 136 15 14 137 3 13 398 2,214 41 382 95 Washington 105 56 164 37 70 60 400 West Virginia 245 Wyoming ' All other states i i j IlWibmh., planing iniiiL. products, including sash, DOORS, AND BlilNDS. 5,009 4,876 314, 346 4,076 269, 053 556 12, 167 284 9,761 8 83 332 4.489 231 1 10,623 7,949 67 4 69 246 20 53 10 6 36 146 12 270 10 192 79 31 97 40 84 57 202 246 94 46 96 6 23 42 111 . 8 .■>96 134 412 9 60 599 19 60 8 81 80 12 61 117 85 127 149 4 4 66 4 69 239 20 62 10 6 36 137 12 258 10 187 79 31 96 40 84 57 191 246 87 45 94 6 23 42 106 8 661 134 403 9 59 584 19 60 8 78 78 12 51 115 86 123 149 4 4 3,735 115 4,797 14, 677 1,103 3,282 390 480 2,806 10, 823 511 18,847 241 9, 449 7.687 1,132 6,480 3,466 4,294 4,776 11,266 20,348 7,458 4,538 6,879 327 909 2.886 6. 669 143 43,164 6,389 22, 657 243 4.162 29,991 1,126 2,677 197 4,894 2,772 324 4,406 6,990 6,108 6,135 13,679 91 350 66 3 70 138 17 43 8 7 49 173 9 176 5 146 69 16 97 38 46 48 92 266 70 56 83 6 16 27 87 6 430 148 322 4 66 4S7 17 68 4 81 51 8 29 118 70 120 136 4 3 3,645 90 4,656 10,384 1,066 2.780 380 460 2,691 10, 415 441 16, 302 135 7,877 7,113 849 5,327 3,306 2,681 3,721 7,874 18, 247 6,833 4,495 6,369 315 790 1,526 4,888 93 34,681 6,197 19,676 167 3,797 24,944 1,087 2,521 156 4,591 2,331 266 3,266 6,243 6,140 6,562 12, 467 91 245 2 35 1 26 ' 20 10 Arizona . . . . - 26 4 37 61 695 1 29 80 415 5 80 1 i 8 2,186 37 80 10 810 1 15 7 194 1 ' 8 1 2 1 5 198 1 1 3 1 13 20 Florida 1 1 1 33 3 44 18 11 10 4 10 596 66 1,053 214 136 1 2 10 140 10 135 25 196 " "i25" 85 4 35 904 20 , 299 86 147 40 140 262 323 409 187 160 8 281 12 64 46 280 25 1,200 120 .440 48 243 484 17 50 20 50 321 28 180 187 640 65 275 Georgia Idaho 4 144 705 Indian Territory 20 Tndifina. 2 8 20 99 200 75 Kansas 7 113 7 6 18 16 17 93 123 329 463 186 21 1 27 12 1 1 1 654 40 727 620 60 6 6 1 25 16 26 15 38 12 2 21 139 176 308 469 105 30 117 1 Maryland 393 1 10 1,698 362 135 Michigan Mississippi 4 37 70 Montana 4 1 13 66 16 202 New Hampshire '. . . New Jersey 18 3 644 126 1 3 1 2 600 16 250 58 25 1,692 8 427 New Mexico 66 1,269 92 6 5 3,604 64 126 77 903 16 North Carolina 80 2 1 111 1,823 28 12 3.604 21 106 3 22 88 704 1 12 1 10 .169 86 22 South Carolina 1 2 3 8 Ij 22 31 119 1 33 1 12 3 1 22 1 85 70 Texas Utah 2 25 9 3 41 797 470 110 I 4 17 14 12 62 32 483 256 1 6 1 3 5 1 45 28 31 25 86 iio 10 155 Virginia 12 486 iio Wyoming AU other states ^ 1 4 ioi . I Includes establishments distributed as follows: Nevada, 2; Oklahoma. 2. 'Includes establishments distributed as follows: Nevada, 2; North Dakota, 2. GENERAL TABLES. .">85 Table 14.— MOTIVE POWER FOR INDUSTRIES SHOWING 50,000 HORSEPOWER AND OVER, BY STATES AND TERRI- TORIES: 1905— Continued. ITIARBIiE: ANB STONE WORK. NUMBER OF ESTABLISn- MENTS. Total horse- power. OWNED. RENTED. STATE OR TERRITORY. Total. Re- porting power. Engines. W wl Electric motors. Num- Horse- ber. power. Other power, horse- power. 2,029 Elec- tric, horse- power. Steam. Gas and gas- oline. eels. mo tors. Horse- power. Other kind, horse- Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. United States 1,165 TS9 90, 357 1,573 72,280 Ill 2,819 37 4,752 172 4,259 3,497 677 Alabama 6 : 5 290 473 1,160 264 1,750 476 70 2,643 3,181 8,387 530 260 929 5,104 1,364 9,041 648 1,188 2,065 13 6 11 9 48 9 1 34 44 164 15 10 18 95 23 255 8 46 57 240 377 582 181 1,602 475 20 2,428 2,492 7,804 450 260 871 4,011 .1,117 7,964 468 1,064 1,896 j 1 50 Arkansas 3j 24 29 4 26 82 59 U 13 42 20 93 16 27 37 5 3 21 11 18 2 18 46 49 4 6 11 26 10 70 11 21 30 1 1 1 1 16 25 , 20 6 1 i 2 80 California i 6 654 63 138 Colorado t Connecticut .J..; .1 5 Delaware District of Columbia 1 ■ 50 10 232 90 65 Georgia IJlinois 2 10 5 1 29 172 173 12 1 85 9 24 18 2H8 270 12 73 50" it Indiana ] 1 Iowa . Kansas Kentucky 5 4 2 13 53 300 60 144 16 ""326" 162 693 5 183 16 135 20 65 136 7 2 3 3 5 95 10 80 34 59 33 3 195 Maryland Massachusetts 35 Michigan 1 1 Missouri ! " Nebraska. - 1 1 ; Nfiw Rn.Tnpshirp. 23 14 1,411 1,647 9,732 320 9,440 11,278 710 990 381 190 11,078 1,136 382 122 1,675 139 26 33 129 15 148 201 11 8 6 6 90 6 9 3 22 4 870 1,406 7,824 320 8,150 9,083 550 987 291 190 6,009 409 290 122 1,452 45 3 ll 22 73 315 .■• i 200 76' 286 30 676 33 37 202 7 63 148 7 10 9 5 50 7 7 3 28 13 24 117 4 50 101 6 6 8 5 47 6 7 3 14 7 9 25 98 400 New York 2 190 258 Ohio - 26 13 1 1 2 1,216 319 12 3 45 1 4 60 36 29 Pennsylvania 5 251 49 1,082 276 119 232 Texas 5 40 Utah 1 25 23 3 3,581 450 14 6 1,025 250 20 402 10 92 16 Virginia 16 West Vireinia 1 1 18 8 6 193 3i' 12 15 1 40 Olli, COTTONSEED ANU CAKE. United States Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia Indian Territory. . . Louisiana Mississippi Missouri North Carolina Oklahoma South Carolina Tennessee Texas All other states 2. . . 716 714 58 58 42 42 3 3 112 112 14 14 51 51 91 91 4 4 43 43 ID 10 100 100 20 20 157 167 10 9 152,667 12,919 10, 105 636 21, 170 3,226 13,238 20,564 1,232 7,969 2,838 14, 541 6,631 34,002 3,598 1,210 75 4 178 20 101 141 12 97 16 176 61 221 20 148,878 12,788 9,980 635 20, 625 3,200 12, 698 20,090 1,220 7,901 2,806 14, 070 6,606 33, 560 2,800 620 60 160 '366' 20 138 2,421 320 25 10 34 33 41 25 42 790 30 240 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Florida, 2; Indian Territory, 1; Mississippi, 1; Montana, 1; Nevada, 2; Oklahoma, 1; Oregon, 2; South sincludesestabliahments'distributed as follows: Illinois, 2; Kentucky, 3; New Jersey, 1; Ohio, 1; Rhode Island, 1; Virginia, 2. 536 MANUFACTURES. Table 14.— MOTIVE POWER FOR INDUSTRIES SHOWING 50,000 HORSEPOWER AND OVER, BY STATES AND TERRI- TORIES: 1905— Continued. PAPEK AND "IVOOD PUL,P. NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. Total horse- power. OWUED. RENTED. STATE OR TERRITORY. Total. Re-, porting power. Engines. Water wheels. Water motors. Electric motors. Other power, horse- power. " Elec- tric, horse- power. Steam. Gas and gas- oline. Other kind, horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. 761 761 1,122,664 2,487 370,852 24 1,916 3,149 717,979 1 10 634 28, 856 2,748 203 California . . 3 50 6 19 36 4 3 37 16 87 30 4 25 38 177 63 4 66 28 9 7 52 8 3 50 6 19 36 4 3 37 16 87 30 4 25 38 177 63 4 66 28 9 7 52 8 3,808 18,066 5,115 12,923 20,045 1,005 1,078 164,071 10,271 107,020 31,420 7,153 50,328 17,626 395,902 37, 189 12,735 56,090 43,673 8,220 4,976 108,008 6,252 6 103 27 64 109 9 10 184 37 362 104 14 112 96 469 182 16 , 331 65 40 19 95 33 330 8,704 4,430 7,820 17,733 1,005 1,068 34,976 6,076 63,111 18,692 2,070 13,980 13,855 63,820 31,821 1,663 48, 126 6,255 4,040 2,865 22, 722 6,700 7 89 10 35 25 3,000 9,317 685 4,991 1,508 478 2 35 Illinois 1 7 7 534 8 11 105 270 1 20 446 16 324 94 41 175 38 985 45 43 74 166 21 3 506 6 116,508 1,267 51,843 12,655 • 5,083 35,684 2,868 325, 472 4,190 10,982 6,631 36,697 3,760 1,310 83,138 400 76 30 69 9 11,777 2,928 2,066 63 810 Maryland 1 10 Minnesota New Hampshire 29 25 83 23 4 71 6 9 1 74 4 544 290 5,172 901 90 1.253 721 420 1 2,068 152 120 New Jersey 2 1 8 603 40 277 1 10 10 1,395' 3 Ohio Oregon 1 26 65 Vermont Virginia 2 400 Wisconsin 80 POTTERY, TERRA OOTTA, AND FIRE CI.AV PRODUCTS. 873 751 107,756 1,082 99,086 91 3,165 4 366 1 191 2,837 112 1,847 ' Alabama 16 3 22 11 6 6 21 45 38 7 4 21 5 16 25 6 4 33 90 43 6 205 3 168 6 8 22 6 3 6 17 4 8 7 1 18 10 4 4 7 36 36 6 4 17 5 15 20 6 4 28 83 39 1 200 3 14S 5 6 5 3 3 5 16 3 7 806 25 2,282 2,108 145 295 2,076 6,112 6,498 280 560 2,799 101 1,484 1,241 372 776 6,199 14,964 4,370 326 25,182 240 23,696 426 635 500 175 235 1,179 2,028 70 776 7 1 18 16 3 5 14 57 53 5 3 29 6 18 24 5 10 67 128 46 4 270 3 229 5 7 7 4 5 21 2 8 796 25 2,011 2,027 129 291 2,065 6,100 6,346 268 440 2,786 101 1,474 1,165 362 775 6,051 12,612 3,696 326 23,231 200 22,243 414 635 500 140 236 1,179 1,868 60 748 2 10 Arkansas California ^ 3 19 9 87 81 Connecticut 3 16 District of Columbia 1 4 Georgia 1 20 6 20 197 111 2 1 2 2 1 18 40 12 120 8 2 276 70 1 177 Indiana Iowa Kansas 5 Louisiana 1 2 6 16 1 3 35 10 1 ■^r ■ Minnesota 3 1 12 28 10 367 ?0 15 110 1,501 158 26" 20 10 821 200 New .Jersey New York 30 North Carolina Ohio 33 1 17 2 1,342 30 1,009 10 37 1 9 428 10 120 """i36" 46 Oregon Pennsylvania 2 80 143 1 South Carolina Tennessee Texas Utah 35" Virginia Washington i West Virginia 4 1 106 10 2 64 All other states ' 1 ■""'25' 3 1 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Colorado, 1; District of Columbia, 1; Georgia, 1; Missouri, 1; South Carolina 1- Texas 1- Washins-ton 2 ^Includes establishments distributed as follows: Maine, 2; Mississippi, 2; Montana, 1; New Hampshire, 2; Vermont 1. ' ' ' ' s""". • GENERAL TABLEH. 537 Table 14.-MOTIVE POWER FOR INDUSTRIES SHOWING 50,000 HORSEPOWER AND OVER, BY STATES AND TERRI- TORIES: 1905— Contiimod. PRINXINU AND PUBIilSHING, BOOK AND JOB. NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. Total. 1 horse- power. OWNED. EEN Elec- tric, horse- power. TED. STATE OR TERRITORY. Re- Total, porting power. S,244 6,074 Engines. Water wheels. Water motors. Electric motors. Other power, horse- power. Steam. Gas and gas- oline. Other kind, horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. 7 Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. United States 61,030 407 16,551 1,001 6,136 91 116 275 1,,386 4,848 3 30,095 4,037 Alabama Arizona 57 M 4 1 4 LS 1 14 182 9 98 1 , 67N 561 964 58 350 110 431 6 9,442 6 2,278 741 302 1,091 294 301 802 3,544 1,775 886 61 4,012 40 469 127 1,910 12,945 163 56 5,371 63 250 5,545 356 62 -57 643 705 78 89 554 359 194 1,011 9 8 1 20 5 19 1 1 142 9 98 1,407 365 464 38 229 66 231 6 5,323 4 719 495 184 .594 239 189 253 1,923 932 863 26 1,640 40 411 95 433 5,876 101 56 1,917 61 229 1,951 290 60 51 311 533 Arkansas 1 California Colorado 351 90 279 73 2 3 19 1 4 170 100 261 15 75 12 1 17 2 6 5 7 81 2 100 5 46 42 24 3 1 5 1 15- 40 5 92 Connecticut Delaware 177 : 135 13 1 12 76 : 52 1 12 12 115 District of Columbia Florida 30 6 867 10 181 135 S2 lOO 62 91 142 589 247 179 21 310 9 70 55 232 1,693 55 10 515 16 53 856 79 23 2 134 27 40 103 101 37 131 3 5 19 59 5 627 4 146 115 60 76 48 64 112 459 191 132 14 253 8 61 39 161 1,085 35 7 431 11 44 621 57 12 5 54 104 23 32 73 71 33 112 3 3 1 2 (reorgia 5 176 Idaho 1 Illinois 22 1,988 60 1 34 19 18 9 11 9 31 15 35 3 4 25 283 2 364 98 77 26 55 24 339 271 168 8 7 93 1 50 3 11 204 1,036 j 751 Indian Territory Indiana 9 5 3 3 724 118 37 370 4 3 2 3 8 7 4 4 134 2 449 16 14 7 Iowa Kansas Kentucky 7 96 I Louisiana Maine 7 6 35 9 61 153 831 384 6 1 10 20 3 20 7 Maryland 10 25 61 15 1 108 222 39 Massachusetts 385- Michigan 69 Minnesota 3 10 Mississippi 2 26 IS 1,460 Missouri 296 819 Montana Nebraska 1 4 35 77 2 15 17 1,144 3,347 17 11 2 29 217 8 43 5 98 1,200 39 Now Hampshire 4 1 18 3 8 3 36 6 9- New Jersey 93 221 201 658 i 3 31 New York North Carolina 2 22 1,80S. North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma 27 1,729 113 I- 185 3 1 1 9 19 1 5 10 783 2 7 1,093 16 2 6 50 96 1 10 92 i 2 10 31 76 786 124 Oregon 7 5 2 14 19 6 Pennsylvania 70 4 1,566 39 128 276 ' 640: Rhode Island 2 5 South Carolina. . . South Dakota Tennessee 6 2 253 75 7 28 1 Texas. 1 Utah 3 7 5 2 5 3 1 16 7 2 19 4 Vermont 1 7 1 2 6 2 91 60 4 231 1 61 364 Virginia Washington West Virginia 18 34 1 1 133 316 7 3 2 10 11 : 27 409 2 27 PK.I1VTINO AND PUBliISHlNG, NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS. United States 18,038 9,129 104,402 1,252 31,947 5,147 18,137 79 647 649 2,254 1,531 9,568 32 39,771 2,058 Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida 184 5 46 259 695 326 129 33 55 125 278 85 1,390 153 669 961 639 292 171 115 59 4 18 83 304 131 86 23 18 51 88 35 669 56 395 686 293 143 53 89 530 12 86 487 3,484 1,060 1,569 126 779 272 819 134 8,773 166 2,180 3,082 1,228 1,856 895 1,017 5 1 97 2 32 1 6 62 83 42 17 7 4 34 49 17 391 47 278 462 229 91 35 22 96 4 25 161 292 106 86 23 19 132 169 40 1,214 112 264 1,358 666 303 118 89 1 3 5 1 10 3 2 ■ 322 3 60 90 2,697 643 852 91 292 108 551 63 3,823 43 1,336 1,228 312 418 450 353 7 7 10 34 1 7 6 8 1 70 1 34 24 IS 17 10 25 187 300 235 561 10 308 25 79 2 2,739 5 360 290 151 630 325 382 37 8 47 214 2 16 42 17 17 9 2 39 53 25 2 24 1 10 5 34 2 40 160 2 8 6 26 2 20 17 19 10 1 14 7 20 18 72 4 103 60 65 26 2 47 2 1 6 Illinois 162 1 6 2 7 34 781 2 93 10 9 466 142 1 5 29 136 25 3 8 5 Maine 3 65 5 49 32 1 Includes establish'nents distributed as follows: Nevada. 2; New Mexico. 3. 538 MANUFACTURES. Table 14.— MOTIVE POWER FOR INDUSTRIES SHOWING 50,000 HORSEPOWER AND OVER, BY STATES AND TERRI- TORIES: 1905— Continued. PRINTING A1V» PUBlilSHIlNG, NEWSPAJPEKS AND PERIODICAliS— Continued. NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. Total horse- power. OWTJED. KENTED. i Re- Total. porting ; power. Engines. Water wheels. Water motors. Electric motors. Other power, horse- power. Elec- tric, horse- power. Steam. Gas and gas- oline. Other kind, horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- tjer. Horse- power. Num- ber. 3 15 Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Maryland ., 1,387 7,375 3,529 3,080 214 5,306 422 1,216 62 510 2,339 98 13,136 466 336 7,546 444 723 15,204 630 236 369 1,313 2,301 176 331 676 1,631 1,022 3,787 87 32 60 68 22 6 .46 4 11 1 12 77 1 219 10 4 89 4 8 197 9 7 738 2,323 1,108 6S8 57 2,951 16 303 1 119 926 12 6,660 131 32 2,446 110 195 5,274 253 38 36 47 266 273 27 283 14 176 6 7 73 12 266 40 91 367 87 24 361 2 33 110 43 214 8 13 28 28 68 230 17 94 234 968 761 78 820 42 361 10 26 364 37 1,211 116 233 1,807 215 65 2,698 9 99 304 136 515 18 61 91 64 688 709 44 9 . 48 34 81 72 65 100 608 286 106 4 442 4,189 1,069 1,504 79 1,087 299 543 11 293 867 39 2,413 153 67 2,081 - 94 389 4,474 205 88 67 340 898 157 153 423 1,340 148 2,232 22 420 663 714 190 889 83 569 29 68 325 63 1,497 203 219 944 244 186 , 1,136 48 127 ' 272 2fi0 709 74 64 196 272 185 695 44 243 402 381 46 364 61 224 14 64 221 20 784 76 102 591 102 77 776 24 55 122 80 307 26 61 81 96 103 373 20 7 1 27 3 46 115 Minnesota j.. MississippL. Missouri ,. 7 26 6 1 1 2 1 7 14 25 59 68 420 6 Nebraska 1.^, 8 ' 40 14 15 4 139 3 1 26 45 57 10 483 9 4 110 28 4 122 13 New York 20 299 237 5 2,206 47 7 10 957 North Dakota Ohio ... - 2 8 209 2 . 1 . 365 4 1,034 26 6 2,308 39 8" 59 Oregon . ... 2 5 5 60 27 72 4 1 4 10 64 231 24 3 8 102 169 Tennessee 21 , ,16 720 632 1 1 1 72 16 253 3 Utah 1' 6 16 4 14 24 2 47 99 107 73 302 9 1 5 16 8 20 23 38 4 64 30 75 101 102 10 1 Virginia 1 30 3 4 1 o i 45 3 6 2 West Virginia 3 11 9 180 266 RUBBER .\ND ELASTIC GOODS. United States 224 188 55,881 287 44,726 13 307 31 1,984 341 7,500 1,096 268 4 21 11 47 24 55 27 13 9 3 4 4 19 7 6 46 23 34 26 10 9 3 1 44 6,488 1,473 2,339 10,532 5,810 4,687 19,739 2,716 1,246 807 1 44 64 16 2 791 34 8 J3 74 38 26 58 18 11 7 5,227 1,430 2,295 8,753 4,943 4,163 13,780 2,322 1,046 767 1 26 12 461 35 691 20 28 2 6 28 64 4 () 14 17 162 100 2 1 14 91 201 288 5,794 361 30 40 12 6 753 645 90 New J ersey 21 137 3 5 34 3 2 162 38 1 126 Wisconsin .. All other states ' 1 1 SHIPBUILDING, IRON AND STEEL.. 64 54 66,186 439 46,142 88 1 2 3 1,121 15,157 4,103 1,663 . 130 1 4 3 3 6 6 10 5 18 4 3 3 5 6 10 5 18 926 1,806 4,329 3,466 7,919 7,213 10,904 29,625 6 20 41 20 16 '62 116 160 780 1,243 3,286 2,100 5,083 6,730 11,100 20,820 1 10 4 33 76 41 312 7 172 476 60 480 1,043 1,216 2,736 306 2,736 6,581 76 1 82 , 160 New Jersey 100 2 1 3 13 20 45 1 1 480 2,048 1,500 684 AH other states ^ - - . 1 2 647 30 1 Includes establishments distributed as follows: Maryland, 1; Minnesota, 1; Missouri, 1; New Hampshire, 1. includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 3; Florida, 1; Illinois, 1; Louisiana, 2; Maine, 1; Massachusetts, 3; Ohio, 3; Rhode Island 1" Virginia, 1; Washington,!; Wisconsin,!. ' ' ' GENERAL TABLES. 539 Table 14.— MOTIVE POWER FOR INDUSTRIES SHOWING 50,000 HORSEPOWER AND OVER, BY STATES AND TERRI- TORIES: 1905— Continued. SILK AND SIIiK UOOUS. NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. Total horse- power. St OWNED. RENTED. STATE OR TERRITORY. Total. Re- porting power. Engines. Water wheels. Water motors. Electric motors. Other power, horse- power. Elec- tric, horse- power. Other kind, horse- power. 608 Num- 1 llorse- ber. powi^r. 468 56,362 Nam- Horse- Itcr. power. 50 937 Num- lii-r. 85 Horse- power. Num- ber. 2 Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. United States 624 78,888 R nftK 8 1,412 7,128 365 2,393 4,739 California 4 4 43 1 43 3 ' 3 3 3 18 16 66 8,662 176 766 4,471 18,999 7,900 398 31,050 1,746 4,657 1 i 60 6 50 45 15 10 799 606 23 303 330 206 Connecticut Illinois 66 3 18 117 67 2 185 6 11 6,174 85 625 2,130 12,718 4,720 375 26,035 800 2,740 1 36 21 1,492 1 2 46 1 841 46 68 Maryland 3 225 Massachusetts 23 : 2.063 9 120 91 250 2,096 660 65 28 New Jersey New York 239 123 3 168 8 12 236 117 3 163 8 12 16 17 341 204 11 '■ 425 7 i 423 1 7 2,668 1,297 North Carolina Pennsylvania, 16 357 4 672 6 1 490 11 ! 1,186 870 2 273 2,660 100 486 300 723 Rhode Island 25 AH other states ^ 40 SI.AIJGHTER1NCJ AND MEAT PACKING, WIIOL.ESAI.E. United States 659 498 142, 591 1.024 102,216 19 503 i 1 60 3 8 2,022 35,970 1,158 2,676 27 i 3 3 69 28 13 17 16 29 13 8 14 25 6 18 45 66 10 71 "7 6 3 3 57 26 13 17 13 26 11 8 12 21 6 16 42 .53 9 62 1,779 758 100 113 344 22 58, 175 4,847 4.820 18,907 977 1, 126 1 2,916 ' 909 1,581 9,634 9,021 633 3,116 4,023 372 6,820 242 856 6,3.55 720 563 701 2,340 877 20 12 4 4 8 2 173 62 38 71 21 30 27 13 20 66 28 16 62 107 12 117 6 9 23 1 13 15 10 24 11 1, 136 75.S 4 21 300 322 138 108 304 12 36,644 4,131 4,053 13, 627 887 1,110 2,632 794 1,436 7.462 6.303 439 2.501 3,779 324 6,107 138 865 22 T>fst.ript nf Cnlnmhifl. 1 1 6 40 Georgia Idaho 10 968 10 96 62 3 2 1 232 35 16 1,049 64 67 263 3 1 26 16 3 . 121 140 13 14 19,676 671 656 6,318 90 16 168 176 10 1,999 2,718 42 196 196 46 496 856 Kentucky , 1 3 1 3 110 1 i ' r '" 135 2 13 1 60 1 5 47 419 44 Ohio 1 4 1 1 3 3 43 3 68 160 104 6 6 Tennessee 8 9 3 14 13 6 14 10 4 9 2 6 11 4 14 8 2,086 10 1 176 3,269 16 650 481 515 2,239 767 1 3 70 13 66 85 30 2 5 64 4 1 120 8 7 3 6 9 90 ,,,, ! Includes establishments distributed as follows: California, 5; Florida,!; :fc.ansas, 2; Massachusetts, 2; Nebraska, 2; New Jersey, 2; Tennessee, 2; Washington 2 GENERAL TABLES. 541 Table 14.— MOTIVE POWER FOR INDUSTRIES SHOWING 50,000 HORSEPOWER AND OVER, BY STATES AND TERRI- TORIES: 1905— Continued. wooiiEN tioons. NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS. Total horse- power. OWNED. EEN Elec- tric, horse- power. TED. STATE OE TERRITORY. Total. Re- porting power. 784 Engines. Water wheels. Water motors. Electric motors. Other power, horse- power. Steam. Gas and gas- oline. Other kind, horse- Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num-I Horse- ber. power. Num- ber. Horse- power. Num- ber. Horse- power. 792 163, 793 828 96,940 30 1,358 765 5,5.931 125 5,804 35 1,232 2,493 Arkansas 4 7 48 8 4 48 8 93 1,025 13,289 1,181 1.150 1,992 1,102 2,201 16,444 2,210 48,381 1,286 941 332 13,365 4,768 8,427 849 1,842 955 17,914 7,357 2,843 623 7,133 1,666 726 2,198 1,500 14 58 6 9 14 9 22 54 5 207 IS 8 6 36 25 37 10 24 2 132 40 22 3 16 13 8 20 11. 59 945 7,141 863 845 1,660 800 1,963 5,170 575 30,071 1,067 400 245 4,772 4,148 3,825 470 1,473 135 15, 181 5,363 2,348 285 3,505 732 650 969 1,280 1 Calilornia 1 1 80 Connecticut 2 45 76 5, 688 4 , 168 2 175 3 1 160 8 ! 301 2 , 13 111 1 10,109 10 I 1,435 186 14, 494 3 57 8 176 3 82 1 7 Georgia 150 110 Illinois 9 ' 9 20 90 Indiana 13 10 21 66 4 131 15 16 13 10 20 66 4 131 15 16 5 4 9 6 46 5 47 1 185 355 200 3,486 100 35 Iowa Kentuokj' 40 Maine 1 35 775 Maryland Massachusetts 4 2 2 130 27 32 :::::::: 50 35 151) Michigan Minnesota 333 Missouri 5 . 5 41 41 1 8 5 206 New Hampshire 5 430 90 ' 7,620 7 465 53 4,467 8 1 204 7 330 New Jersey 16 41 12 23 7 144 32 "3 17 24 12 26 10 16 38 12 23 7 142 32 26 3 17 24 12 26 9 155 New York 3 100 35 85 North Carolina 1 1 8 1 75 15 209 40 Ohio 14 354 8 785 36 1,020 44 1 1,888 8 ! 242 Oregon Pennsylvania 17 1 8 1 1 1 387 1 263 60 13 10 20 35 1,091 30 Rhode Island Tennessee Utah 5 288 Vermont 28 3.615 Virginia 2 i' 2-'0 56' 18 5 19 654 76 1.169 West Virginia Wisconsin 10 AH other states i 7 i 220 AVOKSTED GOODS. 226 225 130,620 487 95,111 11 347 140 16,824 : 1 274 11,243 385 2,260 11 6 49 3 15 10 74 50 3 5 11 6 49 3 16 9 74 50 3 5 2,160 2,812 46, 474 5,628 9,649 10,317 21,590 29,628 343 2,119 13 5 190 20 25 21 87 116 2 9 1,295 1,527 31, 433 2,053 8,555 6,250 19,024 24,360 200 1,414 1 1 4 20 15 50 7 4 53 4 3 14 4 60 1 750 ' 2 9 no 95 675 5,278 350 960 1,652 570 903 65 706 Maine 240 355 863 675 37 7,641 1,209 2,000 7 650 3 11 28 29 42 2 100 ' 3,235 L.. New York 2 i 180 72 10 310 1 j 10 3,820 ... . ' 330 65 200 230 160 78 ' All other states 2 38 i I Includes establishments distributed as fbllowa: Alabama, 1; Delaware, 2; Idaho, I; Kansas, 2; Mississippi, 1; North Dakota, 1; Texas, 1; Washington, 1. sincludesestabhshments distributed as lollows: Ohio, 2; Texas, 1; West Virginia, 2. 542 MANUFACTURES. Table 15.— ESTABLISHMENTS GROUPED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS STATE OB TERRITORY. 1 ! United States. Alabama.. Alaska Arizona., . Arltansas. California . 7 Colorado 8 i Connecticut 9 Delaware 10 District of Columbia. 11 Florida 12 Georgia 13 ' Idaho 14 I Illinois 15 Indian Territory. 16 ; Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky . Louisiana . Maine 22 : Maryland 23 Massachusetts. 24 Michigan 25 Minnesota 26 Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire. New Jersey.---.. New Mexico New York North Carolina. North Dakota. - Ohio Oklahoma . . Oregon Pennsvlvanii Ehode Island... South Carolina. South Dakota . . Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont. \^irginia.. Washington . . . West Virginia. Wisconsin Wyoming Total number of estab- lish- ments. 216,262 1,882 82 169 1,907 6,839 1,606 3,477 631 482 1,413 3,219 364 14, 921 466 7,044 4,785 2,475 3,734 2,091 3,145 3,852 10,723 7,446 4,756 1,520 1,819 115 1,6)8 7,010 199 37, 194 3,272 507 13,785 657 1,602 23,495 1,617 1,399 686 3,175 3,158 606 1,699 3, 187 2, 751 2,109 8,558 169 ESTABLISHMENTS GROUPED BY NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS (GREATEST NUMBER EM- PLOYED AT ANY ONE TIME). Number with no wage- earners. 19, 679 79 3 14 79 708 246 235 27 72 7V 130 33 1,825 52 528 521 283 295 111 256 333 737 686 533 57 754 49 321 10 136 35 3,625 110 64 1,203 85 169 2,176 85 31 76 167 37 234 141 1,128 23 Under 5. 76, 193 13 77 509 :,617 181 136 613 150 5,227 230 2,614 2,351 1,181 1,212 460 951 1,197 3,087 2,757 2,512 159 881 66 447 2,331 86 12,474 734 331 4,862 346 675 8,640 419 311 452 1,272 269 595 i)17 777 733 4,332 85 67,577 743 17 51 789 2,2S4 468 1,033 208 169 363 1,244 129 4,565 148 2,328 1,322 720 1,486 664 1,127 1,162 3,486 2,098 1,112 624 1,916 111 433 28 654 2,076 48 11,677 1,497 92 4,235 182 576 6,676 526 610 133 1,334 938 210 624 1.263 1,051 712 1,688 48 352 18 9 325 665 108 440 86 64 367 706 35 1,695 27 757 314 168 426 427 337 565 1,565 658 25 105 8 240 16 5,180 468 16 1,674 35 169 2,769 236 201 16 412 390 47 252 45V 406 266 605 12,463 149 18 6 112 285 52 238 64 33 217 276 7 761 139 •53 169 205 223 333 736 478 153 142 303 18 32 1 503 7 2,173 216 3 831 7 61 1,4.57 113 77 7 199 138 17 91 196 159 141 358 3 101 to 250. 1,022 no 12 3 64 181 31 251 47 6 72 541 1 285 92 46 106 177 175 185 634 368 105 71 32 1 83 412 2 1,422 183 1 643 1 39 1, 121 126 90 2 132 93 17 51 135 99 77 281 7 251 to 500. 601 to 1,000. 3,063 38 1 7 22 . 62 I 18 102 9 2 27 47 1 187 36 14 29 37 62 44 269 139 51 19 72 6 8 1 34 420 57 212 13 393 16 6 13 41 20 28 110 38 10 4- 9 8 16 19 131 41 20 7 27 4 3 79 2 158 14 Over 1,000. 536 7 GENERAL TABLES. AKD TIME IN OPERATION, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1905. 543 ESTABLISHMENTS GKOUPED BY NUMBER OF DAYS IN OPERATION. 3 and less. 31 to 60. 01 to 90. 1 91 to 120. 121 to 150. 151 to 180. 1,81 to 210. 211 to 240. 241 to 270. 271 to .300. 301 to 330. 331 to 366. 1 Not ' reported. 1,760 4,S59 5,175 : ti.SUS 8,801 6,482 9,878 7,020 10,768 67,492 79,532 6,104 1,883 1 1 24 64 101 137 130 133 196 137 96 387 403 57 18 2 , 2 ' M 4, 27 1 24 3 3 2 6 1 ■1 1 3 i. 3 2 5 158 5 212 6 103 5 161 3 107 2 136 54 68 13 3 4 45 136 153 305 363 21 17 5 84 1S2 224 : 200 223 l.i4 189 126 149 1,231 3,518 491 1 68 6 5 20 27 46 42 44 37 22 42 382 815 89 36 7 9 44 33 59 S2 52 107 81 140 1,409 1,378 55 28 S 26 32 23 35 32 19 39 26 32 164 204 8 1 9 2 4 3 1 S 10 3 4 7 12 116 247 50 16 10 7 11 2S 43 49 36 66 36 7S 577 424 50 8 11 27 81 102 192 186 190 223 147 268 1,017 728 49 19 12 3 17 ' 23 30 26 10 16 7 19 161 38 9 5 13 53 173 202 , 34S 415 395 660 373 624 4,338 6,798 463 179 14 4 12 20 22 22 23 21 16 13 103 192 13 5 15 77 199 216 313 402 267 419 245 436 1,984 2,264 161 71 16 34 7( 109 159 190 149 238 166 197 l,-527 1,808 105 36 17 IS 45 45 94 86 75 113 79 142 589 1,084 77 28 18 3e 165 181 271 337 151 274 103 177 690 1,242 92 15 19 1" 140 163 77 88 101 139 104 115 437 461 241 8 20 6S 160 151 181 247 131 190 100 151 748 949 53 22 21 16: 213 80 103 130 S4 142 126 266 936 1,550 58 12 22 2 88 148 203 255 194 305 263 628 3,739 4,640 248 91 23 5< ) 194 175 229 305 284 305 232 329 2,221 2,775 298 43 24 3 ! 90 86 134 1 176 144 189 140 288 1,669 1,790 65 53 25 1 1 : 64 82 117 150 96 185 80 108 366 224 31 4 26 6( 3 138 141 209 243 184 294 206 317 1,864 2,697 147 74 27 2 6 ' 5 9 9 11 20 8 16 58 204 27 7 28 1 1 i ■ 44 , .35 61 56 50 71 45 60 302 990 62 32 29 r ! 3 3 3 1 4 1 6 13 69 10 1 30 9 : 25 ' 43 56 80 59 74 67 88 419 622 33 43 31 2 3 : 65 83 100 163 108 179 161 289 2,282 3,398 131 36 32 1 6 7 6 • 11 5 6 3 7 101 26 16 4 33 11 7 416 628 613 826 735 1,334 934 1,448 14,305 14, 766 719 353 34 5 6 152 164 252 348 169 266 144 237 919 518 15 32 35 1 5 13 20 22 9 15 5 14 , 102 277 9 16 36 10 1 6 253 1 302 "416 657 488 668 619 835 4,552 4,619 291 89 37 4 16 ' 19 20 29 17 25 14 22 113 361 14 3 38 1 8 58 53 82 136 37 74 52 61 905 94 37 6 39 11 1 294 368 556 725 591 909 792 1,423 8,175 8,643 748 160 40 7 15 79 15 120 19 144 22 80 24 90 18 ■^75 61 92 469 245 914 345 31 13 22 6 41 42 2 5 86 4 7 13 la 27 24 20 20 32 132 378 7 9 . 43 5 7 191 176 20S 278 114 241 111 174 700 853 47 2.3 44 I 9 62 1 30 7 19 115 132 198 137 164 109 127 961 1,016 102 27 ! 45 1 30 37 60 34 7- 16 39 22 76 20 70 7 82 137 678 202 453 56 102 14 4 46 47 13 136 104 178 217 143 292 146 228 839 698 62 24 48 1 3 8 4 1 68 82 130 205 94 184 163 186 1,119 406 62 21 49 B 107 8 153 94 179 130 214 173 291 97 381 149 568 98 517 131 498 535 2, 524 435 2,609 48 523 26 63 50 51 1 5 11 19 3 13 1 3 8 18 76 11 1 52 544 MANUFACTURES. Table 16.— ESTABLISHMENTS GROUPED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS AND Oroup 1 FOOD AND KUVDRSD FRODVCTS. I'nited States Beet sugar Bread and other bakery products Butter Butter, reworking Caiming and preserving, fish Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables Canning and preserving, oysters Cheese Chocolate and cocoa products Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding Condensed milk Confectionery Cordials and sirups Flavoring extracts Flour and grist mill products Food i)reparations Olucose Lard, refined Oleomargarine Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling. . . Pickles, preserves, and sauces Rice, cleaning and polishing Sausage ■ Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale Slaughtering, wholesale, not includmg meat packing Sugar and molasses, refining Vinegar and cider Total number of estab- lish- ments. 45,790 HI 18,227 5,235 35 37.3 2,261 69 3,6in 25 421 81 1,348 63 377 10,051 766 9 9 14 528 74 292 559 370 344 568 ESTABLISHMENTS GEOCTPED BY NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNEK3 (GEEATEST NUMBER EM- PLOYED AT ANY ONE TIME). Number with no wage- earners. 4,733 2,396 438 1 647 1 21 26 3 87 868 Under 5. 28, 456 11,938 4,406 13 58 151 5 2,932 3 173 5 358 31 186 6,920 271 4 1 3 171 5 162 105 178 23 354 8,268 3,3.50 3.58 13 135 .583 13 28 3 152 22 494 21 85 1,931 239 1 181 11 198 132 74 150 2,077 348 28 7 71 639 11 3 7 20 221 4 13 2,56 103 3 3 9 63 44 8 116 24 100 27 61 to 100. 1,182 1 98 1 1 52 618 18 2 16 22 131 1 6 55 41 101 to 250. 326 17 251 to 500. 501 to 1,000. Over 1,000. 36 Oroup 2 TEXTIIiES. 1 United States . ... 17,042 440 1,857 5,587 4,095 2,096 1,842 682 305 139 390 79 20 139 363 55 29 4, .504 141 3,351 44 102 109 1,077 77 41 d60 39 31 17 503 14 65 415 216 17 1,079 16 15 12 860 12 6 16 » 140 641 97 624 236 34 ■ 27 792 226 6 4 101 8 3 3 149 8 4 560 63 277 1 11 18 11 4 4 31 1 11 231 13 7 14 157 31 8 1.976 75 1,107 f, 13 28 53 20 21 104 3 12 10 181 7 17 223 51 1 202 2 42 15 5 37 21 14 9 1,176 8 1,143 ,s IS 16 94 22 9 96 9 3 6 118 2 1 74 2S 4 2S2 " 2 3 2 263 1 8 17 3 28 3 18 2 26 3 3 1 4 Belting and hose, linen Carpets and rugs, other than rag Carpets, rag 5 3 36 1 14 7 8 7 1 6 ,360 S Clothing, horse 2 201 1 54 9 148 5 43 16 8 10 11 4.S7 10 IS 14 170 15 3 45 10 4 1 46 3 9 12 33 4 201 2 4 232 9 26 12 346 9 2 39 15 56 6 a 201 3 5 9 6 5 119 1 16 1 2 4 1 77 1'' Collars and cuffs 13 14 Corsets '. 7 6 2 1 1 15 16 Cotton small wares 17 Cotton waste 25 1 4 19 Felt goods ?n 1 ''I Flax and hemp, dressed 99 25 85 2 32 82 32 1 37 41 4 3 9'< fiammocks Hand knit goods 94 13 13 10 95 Plats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool 9 36 3 246 3 3 1 80 2 1 4 2 2 64 2 162 8 1 1 183 67 2 18 4 68 2 2 2 12 1 26 27 Hats, felt Hats, wool. 5 3 11 25 3 2 7 2 1 90 '^0 Linen goods 31 2 13 2 2 79 1 1 1 3 305 2 4 .32 Millinery and lace goods Nets and seines 107 3 1 X3 34 Oakum ; Oilcloth and linoleum, floor Oilcloth, enameled 35 1 6 19 183 22 118 32 8 13 134 31 2 4 6 121 13 124 14 4 2 155 34 3 3 36 37 11 25 1 2 1 19 15 32 2 1 62 2 54 170 39 116 140 18 9 133 14 1 16 1 68 1 1 10 Shirts Shoddy 38 39 3 24 1 6 41 Upholstering materia Is 42 43 44 45 Wool pulling Wool scouring 1 59 38 Woolen goods 46 is' 30 2 10 GENERAL TABLES. TIME IN OPERATION, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905. Group 1 FOOD AND KINDRISD PRODCJCXS. 545 ESTABLISHMENTS GROUPED BY NUMBER OF DAYS IN OPERATION. Group 2 XE:XXIIiE:S. 40 95 122 178 315 275 501 564 1,160 7,916 5,753 .51 72 1 1 2 4 2 6 6 1 8 9 11 1 1 21 23 128 27 9 61 144 26 16 2,224 66 1,710 20 51 57 435 30 14 161 24 13 217 45 10 45 1.50 28 7 1,393 48 1,059 11 23 36 327 37 22 124 14 16 166 li 144 64 304 6 8 3 317 5 3 8 1 68 233 39 27(; 70 11 8 265 117 2 1 3 4 1 1 2 4 4 16 6 9 5 1 4 5 4 1 2 6 7 1 16 1 43 1 135 6 99 2 4 3 41 1 15 1 144 2 100 1 5 1 70 2 2 366 14 183 3 10 9 122 3 2 32 S 5 22 1 11 64 57 1 63 17 3 15 28 is' 1 9 10 9 1 1 13 1 21 2 63 2 2 11 12 3 3 13 3 8 1 1 1 14 2 4 8 1 21 1 35 1 1 3 15 16 1 1 17 1 2 7 1 4 13 18 19 1 1 2 7 1 ■?n 1 8 1 7 1 5 8 5 2 28 4 16 1 18 1 3 7 12 2 47 1 25 1 2 16 17 5 96 4 2 1 36 n 1 4 1 8 3 2 5 1 1 19 1 238 2 32 215 lOS 5 524 5 3 5 436 5 1 7 8 50 310 44 263 65 12 6 279 77 3 2 22 23 2 1 2 1 9 4 1 35 5 1 1 24 1 3 2 25 26 27 " ' 3 4 7 9 1 2 28 29 1 1 30 1 6 1 6 1 20 1 1 31 3 4 1 11 5 9 3 4 32 33 1 34 1 35 1 4 6 3 9 16 2 2 39 2 1 2 24 2 13 6 5 1 30 4 36 3 3 1 7 14 1 9 2 10 18 4 3 1 8 12 2 2 26 4 7 35 3 23 17 2 3 56 14 1 3 3 2 37 2 1 9 38 39 4 2 6 8 5 6 2 41 42 43 44 45 4 ie' 22' 3 i 23 2 28 2 i" 1 3' MFG FT 1 — 07 35 546 MANUFACTURES. Table 16.— ESTABLISHMENTS GROUPED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS AND TIME Oroup 3.— IH.ON ANB SXEEli AND THEIR PRODUCTS. INDUSTET. Total number of estab- lish-, ments. ESTABLISHMENTS GEOUPED BY NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNEKS (GREATEST NUMBER EM- PLOYED AT ANY ONE TIME). Number with no wage- earners. Under 5. 6 to 20. 21 to 60. 51 to 100. 101 to 250. 251 to 500. 501 to 1,000. Over 1,000. 1 United States 14,239 544 2,809 4,841 2,478 1,433 1,264 607 253 120 ? 32 ■254 62 30 8,993 89 445 82 8 190 88 24 138 76 27 415 15 4 5 31 83 85 26 7 46 52 176 103 415 79 775 36 584 66 24 25 649 3 63 12 2 1,797 33 87 26 1 7 64 26 2 3,341 32 137 24 2 5 22 8 40 27 3 13 12 46 13 7 1,660 8 86 10 2 14 17 6 31 16 5 19 1 1 1 6 11 16 6 1 2 11 33 4 100 17 156 3 49 7 6 6 103 4 31 1 5 904 4 38 • 9 4 34 1 2 617 8 48 6 2 86 11 4 16 6 3 103 1 1 ■ 5 4 6 206 1 14 2 1 1 3 15 5 6 82 1 8 1 4 Files.. ::::::::". 5 1 29 6 Foundry and macMne shop products . 367 2 20 4 1 7 Gas macliines and meters . . . 8 8 q Hardware, saddlery in 11 26 17 4i 6 16 4 3 1 12 13 Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in roUlng mills or steel works. 2 8 7 14 13 1 ,1 4 14 Iron and steel f orgings 5 28 11 4 30 1 4 4 5 108 1 1 1 4 2 2 2 15 Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, includ- ing wire nails, not made in rolling mills or steel works. 16 5 85 1 1 66 6 17 18 Locomotives 19 20 21 22 23 24 ?5 Ordnance and ordnance stores 2 Pens, steel 1 2 18 15 1 1 7 8 5 6 1 6 2 6 6 5 6 11 23 1 68 9 79 16 23 10 6 37 38 8 1 1 1 Saws . . 3 3 1 Scales and balances ■. . . 1 3 '6 SflT^'ng manhinfis nnrl fl.ttfl.nhTnp.TitH 1 1 1 12 4 * 2 8 7 8 27 59 36 17 119 21 14 58 27 100 22 279 3 191 18 7 1 258 1 7 18 3 3 27 ?8 9 5 2 oq Stencils and brands 30 SI Stoves and furnaces, not including gas and oil stoves Stoves, gas and oil 76 6 98 8 41 7 24 6 24 4 6 2 6 1 , 10 2 2 3 2 3? 2 33 34 51 221 18 9 1 188 35 Typewriters and supplies Vault Lights and ventilators. 1 36 2 37 Wire 6 28 7 28 2 7 2 2 1 38 35 Group 4. -l.rM.BER AND ITS REMANIIFACTIIRES. 1 United States 32,726 788 5,595 15,942 6,899 2,451 1,490 422 114 25 2 104 486 48 297 1,023 74 239 1,617 50 2,482 55 442 19,127 5,009 23 17 115 111 13 8 141 20 26 1,097 202 21 106 1 11 14 6 6 91 7 48 1 19 264 90 1 56 157 18 72 167 26 42 619 11 343 8 177 2,464 1,100 26 128 19 126 376 22 74 591 12 715 22 168 10,736 2,220 2 8 26 40 5 1 69 7 56 234 10 65 194 8 626 16 37 3,247 1,036 3 3 13 13 3 Baskets, and rattan and willow ware 22 19' 140 7 32 76 8 448 7 26 1,169 376 6 3 6 14 1 1 13 2 8 48 22 12 1^ 78 3 17 37 1 239 1 13 855 152 7 3 3 14 2 1 3 11 4 BiUlard tables and materials 6 6 Boxes, wooden packing 3 7 Charcoal 8 Coffins, burial eases, and undertakers' goods 4 6 1 48 q Cooperage 2 1 15 1 1 2 10 11 12 13 Looking-glass and picture frames 2" 296 33 3 14 88 1 1 18 1 16 16 Lumber, planing mill products, including sash, doors, and blinds- Matches 17 18 ' Pumps, not including steam pumps Refrigerators Rules, ivory and wood 15 1 2 53 26 .5 19 3 20 21 Sewing machine cases Show cases 2 8 1 1 21 10 ■ 2 1 2 22 3 26 2 1 282 50 63 9 8 476 70 28 6 6 137 34 23 Wood carpet 24 Wood preserving : 2 71 9 ■"i 2 5 Woodenware, not elsewhere speoifled 26 2 GENERAL TABLES. IN OPERATION, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905-Continued. 547 Uroui> S — IKON AND STEEL, AND THEIR PRODUCTS. Groap 4 — LUMBER AND ITS REMAN UFACTURES. ESTABLISHMENTS GROUPED BY NUMBER OF DAYS IN OPERATION. 30 and less. 31 to fiO. 61 to 90. 91 to 120. 121 to 150. 151 to 180. 181 to 210. 211 to 240. 241 to 270. 271 to 300. 301 to 330. 331 to 366. ■:;<,t reported. 55 32 77 138 166 240 217 323 346 646 5,408 6,439 146 1 1 1 4 3 1 10 1 10 130 31 10 3,324 36 192 39 3 29 39 53 44 9 130 7 3 2 13 40 36 11 1 23 27 67 33 187 35 284 14 250 21 11 10 255 19 82 21 13 4,403 39 173 30 2 25 36 14 52 17 7 83 8 ") 2 1 95 1 4 17 1 4 296 1 24 B 1 1 3 4 6 B 7 8 9 10 11 1 76 2 5 1 1 144 3 1 12 42 136 2 7 1 190 2 8 2 1 8 2 173 2 13 2 1 8 3 60 i' 42 1 3 1 1 6 1 9 1 3 1 3 5 1 7 1 B 1 15 4 72 1 1 11 i 1 1 2 4 1 1 12 6 1 1 13 2 2 3 5 2 3 41 11 8 3 77 14 15 16 i s 7 9 10 3 17 " 1 19 ... . 3 15 38 40 11 3 20 16 97 63 99 30 425 3 233 33 7 12 268 1 1 1 1 1 21 22 23 24 1 1 2 3 3 2 4 9 3 47 5 19 11 30 2 2 2 34 1 1 1 1 2 1 25 26 27 28 29 SO 1 1 1 2 9 1 3 1 3 1 1 2 4 2 33 1 9 1 19 1 2 2 4 3 4 2 6 .10 1 ii 1 15 2 5 2 9 2 6 1 3 15 1 11 1 15 1 2 1 2 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 3S 3 5 1 4 3 1 5 1 2 1 1 , 1 11 4 6 S 15 18 8 22 499 1,581 1,758 2,504 3,051 1,752 2,840 1,866 2,482 8,527 5,621 122 123 1 1 9 9 2 2 42 5 5 89 3 27 1 9 .51 5 107' 2 .51 1 4 2,534 172 n 24 2 16 2 26 28 130 14 140 359 33 101 485 25 1,142 24 171 3,125 2,023 11 43 46 6 4 to 10 8 461 83 65 206 31 99 280 5 108 372 18 966 23 245 1,64 1,708 5 3 45 46 6 3 69 7 3 2S0 1 3 2 1 7 11 3 2 19 2 « ir 3 2 62 4 36 4 5 67 12 63 4 4 92 2 55 1 2 2,287 208 6 46 3 5 71 1 48 1 4 1,369 231 22 72 4 3 106 1 1 5 3 3 1 7 5 10 1 3 11 1 6 7 8 7 1 6 9 in 2 8 18 33 28 2 2 1.440 108 118 3 11 1,702 285 4 3 8 11 i") 2 1,516 80 1 1 2,177 96 11 444 21 1,415 67 f 66 14 1 88 6 14 15 2 4 1- 3 1 3 1 ! 17 1 2 1 7 3 1 1 2 i ' 18 19 •^0 1 2 ■'I 1 1 1 2 60 12 1 3 1 5 % 1 1 1 54 3 2 1 22 23 1 18 3 2 27 6 1 80 22 3 24 4 1 22 5 35 1 7 1 25 26 548 MANUFACTURES. Table 16.— ESTABLISHMENTS GROUPED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS AND TIME Group 5 liEAXHER ATSD ITS FINISHED PKODUCTS. Total nirmber of estab- lish- ments. United States _ I 4,945 Belting and hose, leather 117 Boot and shoe cut stock 290 Boot and shoe findings 214 Boot and shoe uppers I 75 Boots and shoes ■ 1, 316 Gloves and mittens, leather ' 339 Leather goods ! 423 Leather, tanned, curried, and finished j 1, 049 Poclcetbooks I 46 Saddlery and harness 1, 076 ESTABLISHMENTS GEOUPED BY NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS (GREATEST NUMBER EM- PLOYED AT ANY ONE TIME). Number with no t wage- earners. Under 5. 166 1,127 1 10 7 10 27 23 23 48 41 69 38 60 127 55 114 198 7 438 49 126 93 12 262 116 173 223 22 414 17 59 51 3 251 76 72 222 7 124 61 to 100. 43 24 176 2 53 101 to 2.50. 19 11 137 6 28 251 to 500. 182 501 to 1,000. Over 1,000. Group 6 rAPEK AND PKINTING. . United States Bags, paper Bookbinding and blank book making Boxes, fancy and paper Card cutting and designing Cardboard, not made in paper mills Engraving and diesinking Engraving, steel, including plate printing Engraving, wood Envelopes Labels and tags Lithographing and engraving Paper and wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere specified Paper patterns Photolithographing and photoengraving Printing and publishing, book and j ob Printing and publishing, music Printing and publishing, newspapers andi)eriodieals . Printing materials Stereotyping and electrotyping Wall paper 30,787 5,680 12,984 8,355 2,145 869 565 145 36 8 d2 908 796 60 4 305 215 114 72 67 248 761 232 26 223 8,244 145 18,038 77 146 44 3 55 2 4 9 222 48 17 20 416 261 26 1 105 86 21 19 32 76 146 85 8 112 2,584 14 4,250 26 64 4 13 125 286 12 1 16 44 6 23 16 57 218 42 3 46 682 4 490 4 46 13 9 46 121 6 33 64 1 1 1 10 11 1 3 1 66 24 40 126 54 48 2 10 32 16 45 4 37 3,092 25 9,128 42 25 2 2 3 3 1 13 3 35 164 26 2 13 260 3 153 11 4 18 148 20 3 5 122 1 109 4 3 17 10 53 5 2 14 1 2 2 8 5 10 1.468 98 3,881 6 1 29 6 1 18 8 1 9 8 2 14 3 Group 7.— LIQUORS AND BEVERAGES. 1 United States 6,381 805 1,531 1 435 i 141 [ 3,469 474 3,151 1,838 681 230 85 17 2 3 47 31 26 477 291 150 14 2,219 184 657 209 82 806 62 384 37 35 63 25 179 8 10 8 9 68 5 1 16 ^ 2 3 5 Malt 370 3 Group 8.— CHEMICAIiS AND ALIilED PROOUCXS. United States Axle grease Baking and yeast powders Blacking Bluing Bone, ivory, and lamp black Calcium lights Caudles Chemicals Cleansing and polishing preparations Drug grinding Druggists' preparations DyestufEs and extracts Explosives Fertilizers Gas, illuminating and heating Glue Grease and tallow ^ . Ink, printing Ink, writing ". Oil, castor Oil, cottonseed and cake Oil, essential Oil, lard Oil, linseed 9,680 962 3,024 26 3 12 164 25 69 138 i8 60 56 10 27 25 1 8 22 6 15 17 1 1 275 3 54 156 39 77 27 240 78 13 98 3 22 124 1 14 400 6 54 1,019 26 432 58 300 7 1G5 18 60 1 22 42 11 14 4 715 1 1 52 11 22 5 1 2 30 2 2,710 36 152 314 16 i 79 27 10 2 I 127 ! 17 ! 1 4 I 1,738 4 64 4 4 26 14 38 42 HI 14 16 8 4 2 376 2 1 13 768 12 12 67 34 4 5 25 GENEEAL TABLES. IN OPERATION, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OP INDUSTRIES: 190.5— Continued. Group 5.— liEAXHEK AND ITS FINIISIIISD PRODUCTS. 549 ESTABLISHMENTS GROUPED BY NUMBER OF DAYS IN OPERATION. 30 and less. 31 to 60. 61 to 90. 91 to 120. 121 to 150. 151 to 180. 181 to 210. 211 to 240. 241 to 270. 271 to 300. 301 to 330. 331 10 366. Not reported. 5 21 41 63 89 90 99 81 214 2,111 2,114 11 6 1 1 1 1 1 5 2 i 11 ti 8 21 1 7 1 5 4 1 24 13 7 28 2 10 5 1 4 9 1 30 11 8 26 1 8 i 5 1 32 4 8 20 1 18 10 7 96 6 18 41 1 16 32 134 92 32 641 191 186 397 22 384 76 108 82 31 431 92 172 477 20 625 1 ? 1 3 5 4 5 6 7 s 1 1 1 10 3 2 3 12 5 6 7 1 4 24 6 6 25 4 1 1 1 1 3 9 10 11 1 6. 12 7 3 3 Group 6. PAPEK AND PRINTING. 34 ,108 171 236 269 241 365 232 464 9,597 17, 524 368 1,188 1 1 9 7 1 6 12 1 5 7 1 11 14 2 1 6 11 1 20 26 25 330 348 25 3 102 68 46 27 19 86 267 98 13 51 2,681 65 6,261 24 38 21 30 607 363 32 1 177 127 57 38 45 147 271 85 12 160 4,678 50 10,599 42 100 13 1 6 1 2 3 4 5 3 2 4 4 1 6 3 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 6 5 1 4 2 7 4 5 1 2 9 73 14 1 2 4 1 2 7 8 9 10 1 1 3 1 3 38 4 1 3 1 2 25 8 1 12 6 1 9 2 11 4 1 1 6 108 23 8 21 13 2 14 16 1 31 3 54 2 66 1 130 3 84 1 122 4 158 2 2 67 2 90^ 1 2 140 1 30 1 304 1 2 1 2 171 22 974 1 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 15 60 92 112 98 3 1 1 146 3 2 1 3 i 4 2 00 Group 7 LIQITORS AND BEVERAGES. 1 123 227 242 217 325 205 ■ 279 194 215 1,666 2,494 276 18 1 66 92 ' ^1? 94 111 43 64 43 27 81 79 2 , 1 2 15 1 11 14 12 20 11 12 337 878 207 .^ 2 3 47 ; 97 70 25 10 2 6 6 3 69 96 3 2 4 1 36 4 45 4 83 3 187 8 140 11 178 25 110 16 157 22 1,057 16 1,426 31 33 6 6 13 6 Group 8.— CHEOTICAIiS AND A1,LIED PRODUCTS. 143 270 318 459 490 386 491 238 306 2,476 3,013 1,015 76 1 1 5 3 4 6 2 2 2 1 4 3 1 7 42 62 28 6 8 7 77 43 11 (59 27 59 80 31 15 80 16 11 12 81 58 20 4 10 8 116 69 16 147 38 23 101 1.52 22 167 39 21 ? 2 1 3 4 2 6 6 4 6 2 1 5 1 3 4 S 1 1 9 6 1 7 1 6 4 i 43 8 2 2 1 2 i 6 i 2 6 1 13 5 4 9 3 13 4 g 2 10 11 2 2 4 15 2 1 1 1 4 28 7 3 1 2 5 4 2 33 14 2 7 1 9 6 6 33 13 6 7 1 1 8 4 16 7 2 6 4 5 6 14 7 12 1 7 26 1 2 4 2 6 26 6 2 5 1 4 13 3 12 1 16 776 6 16 15 2 16 6 1 2 1 9 2 18 19 i" 1 2 i 1 14 1 20 1 154 1 1 110 6 91 9 11 35 7 116 7 159 9 77 5 17 1 13 3 4 6 2 I 24 i :;::;: i 3 2 4 5 4 5 25 550 MANUFACTURES. Table 16.— ESTABLISHMENTS GROUPED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS AND TIME Group 8.— CHEMICAIiS AND AL,1.IE;I> PRODUCTS— Continued. mCUSTKY. Total number of estab- lish- ments. ESTABLISHMENTS GROUPED BY NUMBER OF WAGE-EAKNEES (GREATEST NUMBER EM- PLOYED AT ANY ONE TIME). Number with no wage- earners. Under 5. 6 to 20. 21 to 50. 51 to 100. 101 to 250. 251 to 500. 501 to 1,000. Over 1,000. ?fi 181 449 2,245 292 98 146 436 131 32 1.287 190 141 18 16 613 51 89 158 1,006 127 9 22 1.51 13 57 166 498 80 37 36 165 99 6 231 73 89 12 61 80 29 23 44 40 7 11 618 14 39 3 28 31 4 10 22 16 4 6 209 4 7 2 24 14 1 6 15 16 5 8 18 3 w Paints S 3 1 ?« « Perfumery and cosmetics 30 Petroleum, refining ll 7 5 31 Salt 5 36 1 2 7 3?, Soap a 33 Starch 1 1 34 2 3 3S Turpentine and rosin 14 11 194 85 6 3fi 37 Wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin Gronp 9 — CI.AY, GI^ASS, AND STONE FRODVCXS. 1 United States , 10,775 166 1,800 4,786 2,241 944 615 168 42 13 Artificial stone "' 477 4,634 129 28 11 34 399 453 23 176 17 131 526 4 1,165 2 1,^ 873 135 5 52 2 4 182 495 3 10 2 7 2 95 2 30 5 16 140 250 2,431 12 8 4 14 10 214 6 88 7 73 186 3 456 1 46 749 170 59 35 1,178 23 5 4 9 38 89 9 32 2 33 108 4 370 19 1 1 13 17 3 90 47 4 4 1 2 4 5 fi 1 7 2 1 85 26 6 12 2 5 53 1 137 1 75 2 8 Glass" 159 15 1 10 23 7 <» Glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting 12 in Grindstones 11 Gypsum wall plaster 2 1 2 1? Hones and whetstones 13 Kaolin and ground earths 4 19 14 Lime 16 1 2 1 15 Mantels, slate, marble, and marbleized 16 11 132 1 16 503 119 40 317 87 20 4 1 17 18 2 18 24 15 30 135 183 11 18 26 173 6 7 7 163 5 19 Monuments and tombstones 1 35 ''0 5 1 •>) Statuary and art goods Group lO — JMETAIiS AND METAl, PRODUCTS, OTHER THAN IRON AND STEEl,. 1 United States ... 6,310 201 1,665 2,589 995 375 287 113 63 22 ? 75 21 12 25 520 229 27 38 1,989 312 36 263 83 41 224 1,023 142 32 46 16 60 185 98 40 32 31 65 174 14 377 21 17 28 14 11 35 5 5 1 136 65 8 6 525 128 7 66 14 20 117 244 40 16 6 1 2 32 6 19 9 5 219 75 7 15 1,076 147 14 92 49 12 62 401 55 6 13 10 15 53 30 8 3 2 1 90 45 7 7 273 20 9 64 12 6 4 208 18 4 7 4 11 40 31 5 2 1 2 1 2 3 Bells 4 5 2 25 12 2 2 59 4 18 14 \ 22 1 2 17 6 7 7 1 3 2 6 1 2 4 1 1 (\ Brass castings and brass finishing 23 8 1 7 K q Clocks 2 2 3 10 30 16 11 Electroplating 1? 3 26 3 1 3 1 n Gas and lamp fixtures 3 4 3 39 31 5 2 14 Gold and silver, leaf and- foil 15 Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from tlie ore. . . Hand stamps Ifi 2 90 13 4 4 17 Jewelry 44 6 2 9 1 12 23 9 8 6 11 6 29 1 27 5 1 4 5 3 IS 2 n LeadT bar, pipe, and sbeet 9ft Needles pins, and books and eyes 2 1 3 1 ?1 Pens, gold 99 1 1 12 30 11 5 3 7 6 22 2 18 5 1 3 1 5 2 7 14 6 8 1 3 3 4 7 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 9^ 9^ '>') Smelting and refining, copper ?fi 1 3 4 1 23 47 6 105 3 4 9 1 97 Smelting and refining, zinc •. ." ?A Smelting and refining, not from tbe ore 3 4 24 22 1 119 4 4 3 1 3 37 3 71 2 5 3 8 1 15 1 1 30 Tinfoil 31 12 1 2 8 2' 3? 33 Watch and clock materials ^l 3 4 3 5 Watches - 2 GENERAL TABLES. IN OPERATION, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 190.5— Continued. CJroup 8.— CHEJMCAI.S AND ALIiII<;D PRODUCTS— Continued. 551 Gronp 9.— CliAY, OI.ASS., AND STONE PRODUCTS. droap 10.— METAtS AND METAI4 PRODUCTS. OTHER THAN IRON AND STEEIi. ESTABLISHMENTS GROUPED BY NUMBER OF DAYS IN OPERATION. 30 and less. 31 to 60. 61 to 90. 91 to 120. 121 to 150. 151 to 180. 181 to 210. 211 to 240. 241 to 270. 271 to 300. 301 to 330. 331 to 366 Not reported. 1 2 45 5 3 66 2. 1 7 5 59 8 2 57 5 9 9 93 6 5 2 11 11 77 40 S : 5 5 2 8 8 10 10 1 3 7 17 83 10 2 ■ 9 12 3 9 30 7 4 21 65 10 49 167 725 99 15 27 143 8 8 417 74 52 86 191 894 137 19 18 219 14 3 184 89 30 1 6 23 1 53 21 1 1 21 '""is' 1 1 47 2 26 27 28 29 30 1 5 1 30 8 5 11 7 14 12 1 15 7 4 i 2 31 32 33 1 34 13 39 2 2 48 4 S2 5 93 111 4 7 9 2 151 4 4 63 4 7 76 1 13 10 1 35 36 37 134 389 553 882 1,140 804 902 696 770 2,567 1,914 103 21 1 15 97 1 34 308 2 52 426 9 - 50 728 4 54 928 15 36 622 8 62 533 10 1 23 237 8 23 224 11 2 68 354 28 18 5 15 73 153 4 60 3 41 156 2 399 1 45 735 354 53 59 159 19 7 4 15 20 234 4 49 4 28 76 1 360 1 43 527 240 64 1 8 21 ?, 10 3 4 5 1 1 3 56 7 9 9 fi 1 1 1 7 9 8 4 is 13 4 2i' 4 2 2 2 9 28 23 9 2 5 59 14 1 9 4 10 49 98 19 1 19 1 15 49 1 131 8 2 9 10 2 4 1 4 7 5 9 1 2 31 1 1 i 2 11 n 2 4 5 11 4 21 9 42 IS 14 15 1 1 8 12 26 35 82 105 4 1 16 17 1 5 8 2 2 5 16 1 6 18 3 5 8 34 2 1 11 26 1 5 22 39 2 4 32 48 3 11 83 78 4 1 2 1 1 18 3 8 19 3 20 21 7 15 30 59 75 64 90 82 206 2,531 3,017 112 22 1 1 2 3 1 1 4 1 1 3 1 3 18 5 1 3 36 7 19 6 4 14 200 112 8 16 738 137 20 118 35 17 61 481 45 4 23 7 34 83 45 3 2 2 22 87 6 140 8 10 13 11 42 10 4 6 252 89 15 17 1,111 150 14 108 37 22 143 439 75 18 14 7 14 80 35 9 3 1 28 67 6 174 11 4 11 1 1 1 1 ? 3 1 1 4 > i 9 4 1 1 9 6 1 ,'i 1 1 2 7 2 8 4 11 3 1 1 2 2 1 6 7 S 1 5 1 1 1 1 12 2 q 12 2 ii 5 17 2 20 1 18 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 11 3 1 5 1 10 1 11 12 3 3 1 8 1 3 5 1 3 2 9 4 1 1 52 7 2 3 1 9 4 7 ■ 2 1 1 1 13 14 15 6 5 1 2 5 6 3 2 1 5 1 1 6 3 2 2 1 1 1 16 17 17 1 1 18 19 1 i 70 21 1 4 1 2 1 2 3 3 2 5 22 1 2 ■2 i 1 3 1 2 23 1 1 3 2 24 1 2i 20 23 7 a,*! 26 1 1 3 27 1 5 3 5 1 11 28 2 2 29 1 3 3(1 2' i' 7 8 8 7 9 1 6 1 1 31 32 2 1 3 1 33 1 34 1 35 __ _ 552 MANUFACTURES. Table 16.— ESTABLISHMENTS GROUPED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS AND TIME Group 11.— TOBACCO. United States. Tobacco, cliewing and smoking, and snutf . Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes Total number of estab- lish- ments. ESTABLISHMENT^ GROUPED BY NUMBER OF WAGE-EAKNERS (GREATEST NUMBER EM- PLOYED AT ANY ONE TIME). Number with no wage- earners. Under 5. 5 to 20. 21 to 50. 51 to 100. 101 to 250. 251 to 500. 501 to 1,000. Over 1,000. 16,828 4,327 7,822 3,394 689 258 216 80 29 13 433 16,395 59 4,268 135 7,687 83 3,311 52 637 42 216 37 179 16 64 -6 23 3 10 Group 12.— VEHICI^ES FOK I^ANO TRANSPOBTATION. United States . Automobile bodies and parts Automobiles Bicycles and tricycles Carriage and wagon materials Carriages and sleds, children's Carriages and wagons Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam railroad companies. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by street railroad companies. Cars, steam railroad, not including operations of railroad companies. Cars, street railroad, not including operations of railroad companies. Wheelbarrows , 7,285 341 2,248 2,645 761 420 420 237 145 68 57 1 3 5 32 9 20 45 130 17 1,956 67 6 1 17 32 26 224 25 2,096 190 21 6 14 18 11 131 10 368 186 17 8 4 9 15 5 62 10 129 161 19 6 1 3 3 13 4 42 11 89 223 13 19 2 1 4 10 2 9 4 25 169 5 5 4 121 10 3 2 1 7 104 3 14 1 101 632 78 1 49 2 14 2 4,956 1,141 86 295 3 73 14 26 2 7 8 Group 13.— SHIPBCIIiDING. 1 United States 1,097 118 305 357 144 77 52 18 11 15 ? 54 1,043 1 117 305" 1 4 5 72 7 46 10 8 11 15 •? Shipbuilding, wooden, including boat building ... 356 140 Group 14.— miSCELIiANEOVS INDUSTRIES. 1 United States 12,377 739 3,350 4,776 1,767 816 627 189 75 38 f. 648 32 213 28 19 22 1,316 275 278 42 176 80 784 92 10 327 35 34 34 868 85 11 125 65 68 237 1,320 226 66 32 97 54 716 547 111 181 94 249 101 122 29 3 10 6 140 1 33 9 176 10 81 8 107 6? 4 68 8 21 e' 1 10 1 7 1 20 37 46 8 5 2 67 7 28 1 1 13 1 9 2 3 Ammnnitinn 4 Artificial feathers and flowers. 6 Artists' TTifltAriflls 6 Belting and hose, rubber 4 6 3 6 11 2 5 7 1 392 86 52 8 55 25 292 33 6 137 13 8 18 466 37 2 46 30 9 862 79 24 15 46 15 341 247 27 47 28 55 28 47 8 228 6 1 2 15 9 22 1 20 4 1 554 37 11 ■ 4 63 32 126 23 4 79 17 2 11 249 19 4 69 13 1 SI 291 SI 12 10 21 23 207 220 61 63 16 23 13 54 92 68 74 10 25 7 163 11 26 35 81 10 12 2 78 4 9 Buttons 1 10 Coke 1 11 IS Dairymen's, poulterers', and apiarists' supplies 9 5 13 Dentists' materials 2 20 5 14 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies 7 2 \'^ Enameling and enameled goods 16 17 53 I 103 18 2 8 10 18 34 143 25 12 2 17 8 99 28 7 21 24 59 14 8 17 1 11 16 4 1 IS Fire extinguishers, chemical 19 Fireworks 4 1 '0 Foundry supplies 'I Fur goods 10 5 1 n 28 6 1 1 4 16 12 24 7 8 10 1 1 1 1 9:> Furs, dressed ■JS Graphite and graphite refining 94 ?S 6 ■12 12 3 6 6' 2 1 2 10 1 •'fl 1 VJ 7 23 4 3 4 6 29 48 16 42 6 2 1 1 1 27 House furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified ?R 29 Instruments, professional and scientific 4 .30 Ivory and bone work 31 Japanning • .3? Jewelry and instrument cases 8 2 26 3 33 Lapidary work 31 11 1 2 1 Models and patterns, not including paper p;n (crns . ...... Mucilage and paste 35 36 37 Musical instruments and materials, no; specific J Musical instruments, organs 2 S 35 15 6 4 9 51 21 3 2 3 21 7 3S 2 2 i' 40 Musical instruments, piano and organ materials Optical goods 41 2 1 GENERAL TABLES. IN OPERATION, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905-Coiitiiiued. Group 11. -TOBACCO. ' 553 ESTABLISHMENTS GROUPED HY NUMBER OF DAYS IN OPERATION. 30 and less. 31 to 60. 61 to 90. 91 to 120. 121 to 160. 151 to 180. 181 to 210. 211 to 240. 241 to 270. 271 to 300. 301 to 330. 331 to 366. Not reported. 48 146 241 424 650 438 897 556 1,260 6,814 5,182 73 99 1 6 42 24 122 10 231 399 29 621 18 420 19 878 10 546 36 1,224 148 6,666 104 5,078 1 72 3 96 2 3 Group 13.- VEHICLES FOll L,AND TRANSPOKTATION. Group 13 SHIPBTJIIiDING. Group 14 MISCEL.L.A1VEOUS 11VD17STRIES. 3 23 41 47 61 65 82 102 186 2,552 3,786 334 14 1 1 1 2 6 24 2 6 1 28 2 56 3 3 4 2 48 6 104 11 12 27 34 257 40 1,984 151 14 21 3 9 31 68 58 179 26 2,652 669 46 36 11 10 1 2 1 2 1 11 292 24 ■> 2 5 1 14 3 33 2 3 4 i 15 1 17 19 22 1 19 1 22 3 5 2 26 4 37 2 6 4 7 8 9 2 1 1 3 8 1 10 11 1 2 1 2 1 1? 2 7 15 53 55 43 74 43 77 442 280 2 4 1 1 6 1 52 2 53 2 72 1 42 12 430 33 247 1 1 1 3 2 15 43 77 3 31 104 150 265 442 369 546 444 678 4,608 4,443 259 38 1 1 9 14 14 33 24 1 6 1 30 2 8 31 3 8 48 4 10 1 233 7 117 8 11 15 492 113 64 22 73 27 284 42 2 131 11 13 12 448 37 3 52 41 32 94 206 75 36 11 41 22 285 214 39 76 42 116 53 44 208 15 56 17 7 3 429 - 66 48 12 47 42 387 40 7 132 16 11 14 263 31 5 66 15 22 87 99 134 22 17 49 26 332 242 39 85 43 109 37 74 3 ■> 3 1 1 3 3 4 5 1 fi 4 78 18 33 1 9 1 31 2 7 1 1 5 18 5 13 2 3 25 7 5 35 11 8 2 9 2 12 2 56 24 12 1 11 2 19 1 41 9 17 75 12 21 1 11 4 M 56 8 25 1 6 1 17 3 3 1 25 7 8 9 2 10 11 3 3 1 1 12 1 3 13 7 2 5 3 2 14 15 i 10 IR 1 1 1 2 1 1 7 1 '1 2 9 6 10 1 1 1 24 2 17 1 1 3 50 4 1 2 3 4 15 136 1 17 1 18 4 2 1 18 3 19 3 6 1 . 1 20 11 1 20 1 15 2 8 2 6 1 21 22 1 M i 2 1 2 24 i' 2 1 1 9 132 3 1 1 7 4 113 2 1 1 1 ?.5 i 6 157 1 1 1 1 1 2fi 2 3 26 2 6 64 4 10 201 2 2 . 1 1 1 1 97 186 1 28 2 1 3 1 4 3 29 19 5 5 3U 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 5 5 4 4 6 1 is' 5 4 3 in 16 6 4 1 1 2 10 12 6 1 1 4 1 14 11 3 2 2 4 1 1 10 16 1 1 4 8 2 2 4 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 i' 3 1 4 4 1 i' 39 40 41 554 MANUFACTURES. Table 16.— ESTABLISHMENTS GROUPED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS AND TIME Group 14 MISCEIiliAIVEOUS HVJBUSTillES— Continued. Paving materials . . . ^ Pencils, lead Pens, fountain and stylographic Phonographs and graphophones Photographic apparatus Photographic materials Pipes, tobacco Pulp, from fiber other than wood Roofing materials Rubber and elastic goods Sand and emery paper and cloth Soda water apparatus Sporting goods ; . . Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified Steam packing Straw goods, not elsewhere specified Surgical appliances Toys and games Trunks and valises Umbrellas and canes Washing machines and clothes wringers . Whalebone cutting Whips Windmills Window shades and fixtures Total number of estab- lish- ments. 33 14 40 90 68 1 307 224 37 152 143 106 6 180 161 373 204 92 2 58 53 144 ESTABLISHMENTS GKOUPED BY NUMBER OF WAGE-EAENEES (GREATEST NUMBER EM- PLOYED AT ANY ONE TIME). Number with no wage- earners. Under 5. 11 43 42 31 1 70 31 118 62 37 1 12 16 63 111 54 1 13 47 42 49 1 57 60 142 62 27 1 22 18 46 21 to 50. 51 to 100. 101 to 250. 251 to 500. 601 to 1,000. Over 1,000. GENERAL TABLES. 555 IN OPERATION, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES: 1905— Oontinued. Group 14.— MISCEIiliANEOUS IIVJBUSTKIES— Continued. ESTABLISHMENTS GROUPED BY NUMBER OF DAYS IN OPERATION. 30 and less. 31 to 60. 61 to 90. 91 to 120. 121 to 150. 151 to 180. 181 to 210. 211 to' 240. 241 to 270. 6 271 to 300. 301 to 330. 331 to 366. Not reported. 1 3 1 5 2 1 4 5 6 11 3 20 8 21 23 30 8 4 11 4 15 49 23 1 82 87 6 13 76 70 48 1 102 61 193 88 25 1 28 21 73 3 4? 43 1 1 44 2 1 4 1 45 2 3 5 1 2 3 46 1 1 4 2 47 1 4 48 49 4 1 4 1 1 5 2 i 5 6 4 ' 14 1 36 41 11 1 1 1 1 5 102 106 1 1 1 50 51 52 1 1 3 6 2 6 2 2 2 9 19 59 50 41 .53 3 2 1 1 6 6 1 3 7 4 1 1 6 1 1 5 5 5 3 54 1 3 1 .55 1 .56 1 57 i 1 1 2 2 T 2 3 4 4 2 1 6 1 4 11 16 9 8 53 59 143 94 27 1 23 21 52 3 2 .58 2 3 ' 5 .59 i 60 2 7 2 61 1 5 5 62 6;, 1 1 3 4 1 2 4 3 4 64 2 ' 2 3 1 65 1 1 1 2 1 66 556 MANUFACTURES. Table IT.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 544 MUNICIPALITIES HA.VING A POPULATION IN 1900 OF AT LEAST 8,000: 1905 AND 1900. MUOTCIPALITT. Adams, Mass Adrian, Mich itkron, Ohio Alameda, Cal Albany,N.Y Alexandria, Va Alleglieny, Pa Allentown, Pa Alliance, Ohio Alpena, Micli Alton, lU Altoona, Pa Amesbury, Mass . . . Amsterdam, N. Y . . Anaconda, Mont ... Anderson, Ind Ann Arbor, Mich . . Annapolis, Md Anniston, Ala Ansonia, Conn Appleton, Wis Arlington, Mass. . . Asheville, N. C Ashland, Wis Ashtabula, Ohio. . . Astoria, Oreg Atchison, Kans Athens, Ga Atlanta, Qa Atlantic City, N. J. Attleboro, Mass . . . . Cen- sus. Num- ber of estab- Ush- ments. Capital. 1905 1900 23 26 1905 1900 65 63 1905 1900 187 178 1905 1900 30 23 1905 1900 , 490 511 1905 1900 51 57 1905 1900 385 373 1905 1900 259 216 1903 1900 41- 39 1905 1900 57 46 1905 1900 62 59 1905 1900 73 57 1906 1900 71 71 1905 1900 89 98 1605 1900 17 17 1905 1900 104 96 1905 1900 65 71 1905 1900 22 16 1905 1900 34 25 1905 1900 49 49 1905 1900 108 88 1905 1900 18 12 1C05 1900 45 37 1905 1900 37 41 1905 1900 36 29 1905 1900 42 31 1905 1900 61 39 1905 1900 28 27 1905 1900 294 196 1905 1900 62 36 1905 1900 108 108 $6,945,410 6,559,976 3,257,820 1,631,150 29,188,351 23,724,719 541,301 748,668 16,676,369 18,010,515 2,327,816 1,606,031 58,341,154 51,203,846 13,567,559 11,342,770 5,695,808 5,677,894 2,682,371 2,355,938 4,002,110 2,770,170 11,238,009 6,380,090 2,929,507 2,873,795 14,554,001 9,460,888 13,728,466 16,983,926 6, 782, "32 5,079,511 1,094,543 1,054,969 225,989 120,524 1,888,804 1,774,262 7,625,864 6,239,962 6,833,493 4,634,672 473,828 302,080 1,522,350 1,174,190 2,729,947 3,849,705 1, 286, 293 706,903 2,431,777 3,020,402 1,889,729 939,443 946,349 670,546 21,631,162 14,603,338 1,919,268 1,331,806 10,438,480 6, 724, 135 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Num- ber. 280 195 960 16 23 1,169 761 92 94 2,297 1,921 669 356 245 134 64 64 240 123 448 416 188 338 244 135 47 306 186 167 108 60 118 41 68 1,303 692 67 32 381 273 Salaries. $150,598 124,841 251,104 129,078 1,135,687 991,704 19,576 42,810 1,376,639 914,402 92,910 73,014 2,606,773 2,059,341 529,853 310,309 178,691 118,903 68,367 46,576 220,154 112,048 369,277 209,544 76,023 67,462 404,359 218,212 461,273 181,015 319,270 245,461 61,723 48,946 12,102 6,268 140,343 51,286 377,059 202,288 196,699 126,752 19,923 12,718 65,760 35,257 93,294 83,023 56,802 34,263 119,594 74,680 93,325 30,208 48,674 16, 101 1,360,821 758,693 52,807 19,870 460,914 284,702 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Total. Average number. 3,994 3,182 1,502 1,030 9,817 8,259 279 372 8,976 8,106 1,291 859 16,389 19,254 9,004 7,355 1,444 1,486 1,245 1,202 2,174 9,540 6,573 1,877 2,256 7,993 6,261 2,086 2,392 3,117 3,537 649 623 113 77 1,551 1,445 3,394 3,288 2,486 1,561 209 122 792 804 1,361 1,812 846 373 830 940 683 509 11,891 7,966 381 305 6,044 4,811 Wages. $1,509,159 1,166,220 625,306 454,082 4,985,884 3,614,860 240,524 I 216,023 ' 4,269,355 3,852,485 654,650 373,917 8,264,368 9,617,343 3,320,457 2,634,463 837,942 667,006 533,944 495,560 1,727,858 1,037,479 6,563,900 3,716,984 870,902 979,203 3,178,877 2,456,605 2,569,804 2,088,939 1,550,514 1,843,763 244,227 234, 186 46,228 35,495 428,739 495,222 1,683,152 1,707,317 1,217,035 642,288 111,299 73,556 228,794 225,337 737,944 847,877 456,007 165,314 811,348 307, 767 473,781 279,535 139,896 108,665 4,434,673 2,597,393 223,004 164,939 2,474,022 2,190,709 Average number. Men 16 years and over. Wom- en 16 years and over. 2,222 1,802 1,510 1,224 1,262 909 230 110 8,107 6,697 1,575 1,497 272 364 6 6 6,963 6,107 2,926 1,909 1,202 789 53 64 12,855 16,656 2,074 2,120 4,766 4,319 3,626 2,417 1,378 1,420 61 66 1,205 1,161 29 24 2,866. 1,826 120 109 8,989 6,065 384 323 1,329 1,584 495 607 4,196 3,670 3,583 2,524 2,056 2,375 6 6 2,699 2,974 347 263 431 467 105 160 81 75 17 2 884 1,088 376 223 2,937 2,788 433 496 1,950 1,201 487 309 194 113 14 7 650 533 118 193 1,338 1,802 22 7 737 347 107 26 781 616 30 48 789 470 135 103 410 278 64 185 8,624 5,134 2,639 2,062 362 299 12 4 3,490 3,297 1,417 1,450 Chil- dren under 16 years. 262 156 135 65 460 478 612 619 83 239 167 185 214 167 71 300 291 134 24 124 78 35 126 728 770 137 64 Miscella^ neous $171,417 223,918 413,978 148,055 4,443,768 1,684,942 31,184 34,873 2,869,667 2,030,990 190,892 220,123 4,565,463 4,150,893 1,521,030 1,225,100 227,655 145,344 226,135 134,014 466,082 233,294 834,009 194,540 248,659 216,879 1,183,962 548,666 2,297,967 .309,334 453,638 378,551 148,279 89,987 4,648 277,874 107,942 779,422 329,691 454,616 261,482 47,760 16,019 108,588 37,144 268,590 288,471 156,882 69,913 202,023 152,693 129,429 73,646 102,549 31,882 2,639,093 1,174,797 127,884 43,196 813,972 315,666 Cost ot materials used. $2,688,408 1,,712,496 2,828,678 898,061 20,647,363 12,719,788 232,891 788,155 9,376,627 7,506,902 992,173 26,635,692 30,831,981 9,966,971 8,976,683 1,914,938 1,648,214 1,684,482 1,275,846 5,422,845 2,472,440 7,248,032 6,882,991 1,974,176 1,992,369 8,853,294 5,989,584 20,479,630 11,958,368 4,957,099 4,439,912 773,518 784,714 93,526 70,312 1,392,967 969,307 16,307,606 14,956,288 4,025,882 2,356,869 225,974 111,677 1,247,368 821,358 2,192,005 1,516,028 996,143 627,303 1,929,899 1,399,720 3,057,646 1,502,269 753,356 414,230 13,441,248 7,442,973 364, 558 281,346 4,650,845 8,796,454 Value ol products, in- cluding custom work and repairing. $5,492,001 3,894,071 4,897,426 2,124,923 34,004,243 22,016,643 696,761 1,336,326 20,208,715 17,268,690 2,186,658 1,638,871 46,830,272 53,195,378 16,966,560 14,990,437 3,563,845 3,202,730 2,905,363 2,273,343 8,696,814 4,250,389 14,349,963 11,273,287 3,614,692 3,672,573 16,007,276 10,643,310 28,581,630 21,002,065 8,314,760 8,295,533 1,3&5,731 1,377,278 219,335 158,383 2,.''>25,455 1,863,122 19,132,456 18,515,043 6,672,457 3,861,284 493,208 256,411 1,918,362 1,300,698 4,210,365- 3,698,861 1,896,484 884,413 3,092,628 2,180,699 4,062,274 2,093,469 1,168,206 677,687 25,746,650 14,418,834 974,835 608,422 10,060,384 8,751,427 GENBEAL TABLES. 557 Table 17.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 544 MUNICIPALITIES HAVING A POPULATION IN 1900 OF AT LEAST 8,000: 1906 AND 1900— Continued. SALAEIED OFFICIALS, CLEKKS, ETC. WAOE-EARNEKS AND WAGES. MUNICIPALITY. Cen- sus. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Capital. Total. Average number. Miscella- neous expenses. C6st of materials used. Value of products, in- cluding custom work and repairing. Num- ber. Salaries, Average number. Wages. Men 16 years and over. Wom- en 16 years and Chil- dren imder 16 over. years. Auburn, Me 1905 1900 72 67 $2,826,494 3,245,647 162 201 $173,677 171,236 2,652 2,749 $1,216,064 1,156,208 1,846 1,865 747 861 59 43 $274,908 230, 129 $4,417,294 3,986,760 ' $6,407,157 6,965,633 Auburn, N. Y 1905 190O 111 120 18,177,523 12,427,345 495 311 465,392 321,896 6,660 5,895 2,867,245 2,452,495 4,946 4,190 1,611 1,564 103 151 765,668 689,394 8,244,374 6,211,820 13,420,863 9, 675, 000 Augusta, Ga 1905 1900 64 80 8, 101, 109 7,986,610 291 196 303,562 219,626 4,839 5,563 1,293,702 1,324,934 2,923 3,007 1,493 1,911 423 646 788,483 513,601 6,952,693 6,146,409 8,829,305 7,984,324 Augusta, Me 1905 190O 44 62 2,286,131 3,296,430 125 94 133,728 112,190 1,860 2,018 702, 113 666,691 1,158 1,107 644 838 68 73 821,636 657,776 1,887,064 1,211,480 Q OQR' OVl 0, 000, 000 3,313,158 Aurora, 111 1905 1900 103 97 6,800,268 4,666,312 348 280 386,570 275,169 4,078 3,949 2,068,101 1,614,628 3,162 2,896 797 897 119 156 660,437 425,154 3,638,169 2,591,932 7,329,028 5,638,191 AustiUf Tex 1905 1900 62 84 1,256,641 595,011 80 60 77,837 39,945 641 495 349; 406 243,419 515 449 120 29 6 17 133,351 68,528 771,169 456,863 1 KRQ Q« 764,748 Baltimore, Md 1905 1900 2,163 2,274 148,763,503 107,216,770 6,806 5,501 7,086,614 5,871,110 65,224 66,571 25,633,550 23,493,427 41,571 41,016 19,767 21,677 3,886 3,878 18,224,852 12,112,419 81,014,029 75,222,830 151,546,580 136,107,626 Bangor, Me 1905 1900 87 101 2,944,177 2,125,012 128 148 128,952 127,430 1,496 1,511 748,271 694,879 1,260 1,246 234 263 2 2 192,206 190,028 1,737,246 1,905,094 3,408,355 3,335,786 Barre, Vt 1905 1900 105 146 1,699,180 1,201,750 107 47 137,052 42,840 2,198 1,875 1,514,830 1,186,451 2,195 1,861 2 11 1 3 386,935 199,476 909,213 783,460 3,373,046 2,760,852 Batavia, X. Y 1905 1900 61 64 4,670,196 3,398,666 385 189 297,157 167,090 1,603 1,573 753,036 659,303 1,330 1,244 259 326 14 3 367,006 186,321 1,783,560 1,245,851 3,589,406 2,573,132 Bath, Me 1905 1900 46 64 2,226,789 2,968,386 ■100 81 161,795 83,006 1,950 2,097 1,066,696 1,108,027 1,881 2,023 69 72 2' 222,643 191,764 1,982,496 1,938,249 3,654,105 3,697,090 Baton Rouge, La 1905 1900 37 13 1,290,635 747,338 69 40 65,488 31,782 620 329 309, 135 110,686 683 327 14 1 23 1 217,687 94,422 597,822 386,923 1,383,061 717,368 Battle Creek, Mich 1905 1900 120 75 13,039,324 7,212,263 770 432 872,445 402,070 3,389 2,051 1,885,984 978,986 2,862 1,764 519 291 8 6 3,483,806 1,447,080 3,984,354 2,100,182 12,298,244 6,301,000 Bay City, Mich 1905 1900 128 133 3,256,803 5,114,209 199. 212 189, 166 186,954 2,892 2,426 1,262,724 1,061,960 2,627 2,331 219 89 46 5 315,019 400,367 3,190,525 3,204,926 5,620,866 5,775,525 Bayonne, N. J 1905 1900 68 63 50,296,704 26,251,109 746 248 1,036,787 412, 799 7,057 4,670 4,276,613 2,622,791 6,805 4,512 116 88 136 70 3,557,006 763,065 46,984,412 33,794,455 60, 633, 761 38, 601, 429 Beaumont, Tex. 1905 1900 40 30 2,721,540 2, 010. 344 116 58 134, 441 84,208 732 1,005 425, 196 454, 766 728 1,002 2 2 3 194, 416 64,851 1,512,240 1,096,950 2,609,829 1,913,352 Beaver Falls, Pa 1905 1900 42 47 6,518,128 6,520,965 234 142 279,963 173,888 2,232 2,174 1,123,139 970, 624 1,980 1,944 132 126 120 104 693,368 298,210 2, 241, 513 3,869,366 4,907,536 6,228,808 BeUaire, Ohio 1905 1900 37 30 6,617,671 3, 617, 416 135 69 147,819 108,339 2,183 1,928 1,183,381 827, 387 1,872 1,659 243 210 68 59 342, 155 241,467 7,316,200 6,986,705 10,712,438 8,837,646 Belleville, III 1905 1900 96 89 3,083,666 2,314,064 166 118 170,632 107,664 1,765 1,335 1,011,313 619,974 1,618 1,172 69 68 78 96 895,204 769,155 1,787,117 935,043 4, 356, 616 2,873,334 BeUlngham, Wash ...... 1905 1900 73 47 2,981,331 1,718,976 97 61 107, 306 58, 705 1,314 1,502 858, 105 549,228 1,282 1,409 29 63 3 30 230,706 193,340 1,650,652 1,553,255 3,293,988 2,629,046 Beloit. Wis 1905 1900 44 43 3,739,442 2, 510, 679 173 115 195, 501 129,914 2,471 1,845 1,439,429 * 871, 487 2,259 1,680 176 158 36 7 454,216 125,395 1,834,685 1,338,397 4,485,224 JJ WA\y4. V, ■ ■ *»* .»»•■.■--- 2,799,637 ■Rftrkplev Cal 1906 1900 44 22 1,429,356 456,081 87 19 86,521 14,238 338 211 229, 623 98,715 286 191 49 13 3 7 162,707 49,342 781,811 392,026 1, 473, 888 ^J^t.J^\y^%^ J , Kjvj^ ..--♦....-- 661,286 Rprlin N. H 1905 1900 17 17 10,503,578 6, 703, 719 104 63 138, 991 83,249 2,282 2,810 1,132,869 1,067,421 2,269 2,549 9 246 4 15 501,368 446,408 3,664,649 3,111,438 6,989,119 JJ^^X4JJ, i^ ■ ^-*- ■•. ..--*."-. 6,985,306 Beverlv Mass 1905 190O 71 73 1,900,393 2,111,539 118 96 93,099 64,228 2,083 2,275 1,097,805 1,021,255 1,508 1,593 653 637 22 46 228, 130 144,238 2,322,792 2,149,121 4,101,168 Uv ¥ Vi * J , *" <*>-*" .*•.-•. 3,781,498 Biddeford, Me 1905 1900 33 39 7,000,496 5,924,084 92 44 125,928 75,646 4,764 4,375 1,790,512 1,486,820 2,750 2,293 1,825 1,886 189 196 672,965 604,940 4,136,164 2,966,264 6,948,722 5,472,254 Binghamton, N. Y 1905 1900 241 219 11,826,977 8, 654, 384 631 465 588,5.30 460,146 6,636 5,011 2,425,408 1,890,832 3,276 3,150 2,334 1,839 26 22 2,189,968 944,362 6, 421, 365 6,362,398 13,907,403 10,639,242 Birmingham, Ala 1905 1900 122 109 6,739,246 4,314,265 467 284 484,535 321,055 3,987 3,490 1,708,835 1,359,123 3,723 3,318 196 162 68 20 688,225 409,084 3,948,719 3,980,096 7,592,958 8, 599, 418 Bloomfield, N. J 1905 1900 33 39 4,177,406 3,194,468 261 142 314,208 221, 239 1,893 1,612 1,024,309 770,146 1,303 1,184 547 361 43 67 846,704 226,762 1,750,389 1,705,600 4,645,483 3,370,924 Bloomington, 111 1905 1900 81 68 3,346,618 2, 134, 964 326 166 268, 494 127,448 2,275 1,671 1,228,407 796,814 1,921 1,461 345 187 9 23 402, 415 136,887 3,491,784 1,594,619 5,777,060 3,011,899 Rnnne Iowa. ....-...-•- 1905 1900 34 36 659, 131 305, 134 63 24 38,796 17, 410 367 485 235, 491 216, 539 340 424 21 34 6 27 70, 461 19, 413 298,580 313,851 714,288 X^\J\JX^yjJ J., a T» %M .■••-•.■•-"" 629,386 Rnaton Mass .. .......>- 1905 1900 2,747 2,878 131,662,822 130,142,653 9,428 7,691 10, 464, 168 8,179,622 59, 160 62,853 31,873,185 28,208,926 40,124 37,515 18, 169 14, 744 867 694 25,006,898 18,645,743 94,602,913 82,296,297 184,361,163 JJVJOvV^ij *'* **"^* ■• ■•■..""»- 162,764,623 558 MANUFACTUBES. Table 17.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 544 MUNICIPALITIES HAVING A POPULATION IN 1900 OP AT LEAST 8,000: 1905 AND 1900— Continued. MUNICIPALITY. Bowling Green, Ky Braddock, Pa Bradford, Pa Bridgeport, Conn Bridgeton, N.J Brockton, Mass Brookline, Maas Brunswick, Ga Buffalo, N.Y Burlington, Iowa Burlington, Vt Butler, Pa Butte, Mont Cairo, Ul Cambridge, Mass Cambridge, Ohio Camden, N. J Canton, Ohio Carbondale, Pa Carlisle, Pa Cartilage, Mo Cedar Rapids, low.-:. . ., Central PaUs, R. I Chanibersburg, Pa Champaign, 111 Charleston, S. C Charleston, W. V: Charlotte, N. C Chattanooga, Tenn Chelsea, Mass Chester, Pa Cen- sus. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 1906 1900 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 30 201 186 1,538 1,478 109 125 262 243 158 164 108 104 186 149 130 120 131 121 Capital. J638, 362 443, 328 3,333,056 2,471,682 3, 275, 668 2,121,914 49, 381, 348 31,624,974 2, 147, 450 2, 154, 675 15, 336, 123 9, 635, 291 618,011 319,660 286, 605 269, 631 137,023,114 95, 739, 635 6,030,596 3,992,641 5,124,311 4,502,447 9,910,334 1,419,147 1,729,129 1,129,567 3,086,295 1,936,177 32,260,238 24,590,508 1,146,503 1,068,575 31,992,497 16,592,585 12,849,637 9,055,329 2,679,066 1,451,673 1,473,736 922,955 963,803 773,644 8,697,349 5,758,880 4,950,443 3,969,810 1,0.32,918 721,689 580,327 378,631 5,807,280 5,397,506 2,680,388 1,063,602 4,849,566 3,802,738 10,942,791 7,468,502 9,684,437 7,960,091 22,070,140 17,672,198 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Num- ber. 40 107 64 1.53 74 1,955 1,057 162 115 890 604 5,264 3,707 238 214 322 33 150 105 1,478 1,033 1,201 658 597 604 134 67 103 74 51 43 431 295 85 76 86 34 31 26 360 221 137 73 252 175 724 468 454 328 431 307 Salaries. $27,027 30,362 118, 319 55, 443 160,804 80, 381 2, 510, 9.32 1, 434, 352 127, 836 108, 226 930, 644 639, 372 42,677 26,231 21, 8.30 13, 740 6, 542, 132 3, 429, 473 312,461 193, 432 279, 148 311,503 373,875 43,691 178, 746 66,690 152,627 91,869 1,712,826 1,221,449 60,006 60,989 1,496,307 681,839 636,438 497,233 170,667 67,720 101,142 89,865 61,876 38, 492 409,499 267,913 122,721 103,710 67,682 24,826 27,674 22,868 337,890 205,554 138,237 63,965 239,417 167,482 761,458 417,447 580,634 342,615 607, 146 485,674 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Total. Average number. 375 516 1,245 815 1,490 1,200 19, 492 17, 038 2,276 2,182 13,889 10, 296 495 324 254 351 43,567 34, 276 2,915 2,054 2,300 2,232 2,093 792 526 411 1,435 1,501 14,686 11,070 814 768 12,661 7,742 6,938 5,149 1,475 1,023 1,340 1,121 334 411 3,259 2,374 2,443 2,372 843 612 289 245 3,450 3,187 1,237 686 2,234 2,7S7 4,729 4,9.39 2,9.59 7,061 6,972 Wages. $132, 505 198, 351 767, 853 525, 836 840, 530 696, 601 9, 479, 809 7, 885, 474 1,014,116 749, 156 8, 838, 379 5, 775, 471 285,528 168,309 102, 943 185, 732 21,621,762 15,678,428 1,417,628 784,661 836,208 767,340 1,113,756 416,867 569,261 395,701 652,688 548,326 7,493,858 5,451,265 497,243 487,030 6,097,913 3,216,943 2,964,057 2,345,163 606,494 340,046 411,289 328,284 170,155 163,863 1,464,822 986,079 966,467 882,603 311,798 222,021 168,779 117,688 1,053,688 918,841 627,596 267,061 693,482 621,126 2,777,230 1,615,861 2,442,282 1,405,595 3,416,843 3,131,184 Average number. Men 16 years and over. 321 1,202 774 1,310 1,146 13, 977 11, .591 1,665 1,673 10, 169 7, ,576 36, 441 28, 937 2,545 1,767 1,619 1,580 1,930 733 470 376 1,415 1,391 10,320 7,726 803 746 9,636 6,465 5,011 4,481 1,042 652 772 641 318 331 2,598 1,896 1,124 1,288 655 461 276 228 2,425 2,369 1,117 636 1,312 1,551 6,229 4,295 3,364 2,098 5,506 5,291 Wom- en 16 years and 119 32 5,066 5,211 463 393 3,617 2,649 8 1 6,739 4,828 347 205 652 607 119 26 50 14 18 9 3,990 3,277 10 22 2,522 2,004 654 284 178 602 448 15 70 527 361 1,097 975 161 128 12 7 844 665 102 40 649 780 536 296 1,414 853 1,272 1,386 Chil- dren under 16 years. 148 116 103 71 MisceUa^ neous expenses. 387 510 2 101 276 67 603 273 149 193 134 117 222 109 181 153 273 456 219 138 161 295 $51,531 72, 907 183, 134 470, 622 166,006 156, 838 4, 361, 894 2,269,437 155,280 72,546 2,661,013 1,0.36,779 75,031 39,962 32, 696 16, 127 15,083,614 8,604,939 664,093 344,954 807,018 993,701 616,867 97,889 341,143 124, 122 322,379 208,018 3,652,608 1,776,886 113,632 73,848 2,909,320 1,286,679 1,171,993 829,894 309,726 87,492 139,762 67,307 69, 118 34,778 722,51ti 441,421 288,536 280,631 43,124 37,266 39,367 16,621 403,401 342,031 166, 192 74,627 487,050 184,469 1,234,116 754,818 1,281,072 624, 416 1,153,064 1,042,993 Cost of materials used. $477, 443 610, 502 2, 777, 183 2,565,087 1, 692, 662 1, 6.35, 392 22, 334, 603 17, 286, 974 1, 239, 231 1,042,832 22, 662, 556 15, 333, 301 271,241 218,688 187, 348 399,285 88, 367, 338 65, 9.38, 462 2,706,011 2,441,716 3,803,609 3,293,785 4,659,864 520,352 653,473 777,381 2,837,643 1,900,179 25,116,539 16,772,856 1,519,858 1,317,296 20,422,649 10,441,930 4,693,948 4,349,442 1,113,317 470, 423 1,128,867 1,047,363 683,965 420,628 12,279,606 8,163,335 3,330,062 2,726,248 569,358 477,732 157,638 132,146 3,747,708 3,606,888 1,296,067 659,120 2,868,586 2,604,184 7,879,859 6,420,725 8, 307,. 330 5,460,770 10,422,066 8,570,732 Value of products, in- cluding custom work and repairing. $857, 909 1,133,065 4,199,079 4,090,748 3,191,894 3,12,5,007 44,686,519 33, 636, 276 2,963,840 2,258,772 37, 790, 982 24, 865, 362 732,845 485,369 406,723 703, 348 147, 377. 873 105,627,182 5,779,337 4,450,380 6,356,764 6,066,184 6,832,007 1,403,026 2,132,872 1,516,387 4,381,465 3,116,515 42,407,064 29,092,103 2,440,917 2,201,573 33,587,273 17,969,954 10,691,143 9,575,473 2,315,695 1,146,181 1,9,86,743 1,708,009 1,179,661 861,149 16,279,706 11,135,435 5,090,984 4,511,182 1,085,185 814,856 486,229 353,990 6,007,094 5,713,315 2,728,074 1,281,815 4,849,630 4,186,644 15,193,909 10,517,886 13,879,159 9,518,700 16,644,842 14,940,16S GENERAL TABLES. 559 Table 1 7 — COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 544 MUNICIPALITIES HAVING A POPULATION IN 1900 OF AT LEAST 8,000: 1905 AND 1900— Continued. MUNICIPALITY. Cen- sus. Cheyenne, Wy o Chicago, 111 Chicopee, Mass ChllUcothe, Ohio Chippewa Falls, ^\l3 Cinciiinati, Ohio Clarksvllle, Tenn. Cleveland, Ohio Clinton, Iowa Clinton, Mass Cohoes, N. Y Colorado Springs, Colo. . Columbia, Pa Columbia, S. C Columbus. Ga Columbus, Ind Columbus, Ohio Concord, N. H Coming, N. Y. Corsicana, Tex Cortland, N. Y Council Bluffs, Iowa Covington, Ky Cranston, B. I Cripple Creek, Colo Cumberland, Md Cumberland, K.I Dallas, Tex Danbury, Conn Danvers, Mass Danville, 111 1906 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 19a5 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 190O 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 Num- ber ol estab- lish- ments. 18 17 8,159 7,668 40 46 32 27 2,171 2,454 26 43 1,617 1,349 Capital. 81 44 460 408 53 199 204 247 177 103 104 $739,811 579,635 637,743,474 511,249,431 6,829,325 5,976,163 1,694,222 1,053,868 3,102,197 957,005 130,271,811 103,463,842 3,231,192 1,019,115 166,509,252 93,021,316 4,381,054 3,973,177 5,589,670 6,929,987 10,062,787 11,135,666 1,610,566 1,126,870 2,993,774 2,255,662 4,744,883 3,879,429 5,873,851 4,709,834 4,675,488 2,484,217 30,308,424 23,462,361 6,004,803 4,253,781 2,658,305 1,818,025 1,340,371 746,280 4,491,280 2,738,766 1,472,048 960,468 6,726,323 4,227,948 1,996,446 1,816,832 96,281 164,928 4,139,484 2,352,033 4,919,659 4,372,929 10,891,084 6,461,684 4,037,169 3,422,727 2,430,939 1,307,061 2,102,062 1,413,067 SALARIED OFFICIALS. CLERKS, F.TC. Nmn- ber. WAGE-EARNEES AND WAGES. 40,276 32,406 188 120 133 73 8,190 6,164 236 185 129 85 273 201 115 83 155 75 243 162 96 139 1,673 224 146 170 113 161 112 103 107 244 199 181 124 500 408 154 148 47 Salaries. $66,135 17,219 45,601,201 32,067,676 254,696 148,369 114,412 44,022 92,844 61,015 9,077,414 6,437,089 42,508 83,461 8,308,099 6,381,526 256, .507 221,072 176, 719 115,312 303,610 250,934 84,001 60,046 104,529 61,024 176, 102 93,353 272, 165 159,270 102,220 2,386,821 1,514,908 246,197 136,010 193,636 139, 183 61,206 31,201 186,800 124,891 97,046 99,203 255,966 199,387 85,641 69,149 17,180 20,850 200,464 111,363 114,599 40,391 828,131 515,333 .346,237 139,324 47,637 52,321 129,301 47,322 Total. Average number. 552 423 241,984 221,191 4,670 4,086 1,563 1,112 727 521 58,584 64,942 341 438 64,095 52,862 2,153 2,502 3,482 3,836 6,910 .8,273 410 409 3,034 2,519 2,393 2,091 4,434 4,110 1,017 1,049 14,777 13,787 2,693 2,432 2,356 1,600 279 220 2,282 1,412 1,001 3,703 3,212 751 493 61 167 2,276 1,643 2,147 1,500 3,445 2,842 4,515 3,939 733 1,884 957 Wages. $411,952 341,073 136,404,696 108,727,154 1,934,916 1,587,552 569,648 423, 158 355,951 226,946 27,389,569 23,103,724 123,922 149,230 33,471,513 24,691,891 1,043,909 979,714 1,437,912 1,509,962 2,706,760 2,971,028 943,446 880,834 797,946 518,986 1,305,367 1,009,498 538,732 399,734 7,663,286 6,027,536 1,456,163 1,299,869 1,148,269 739,833 143,217 98,229 1,117,471 608,933 529,994 386,540 1,452,600 1,200,080 407,863 249,214 44,497 129,290 1,083,505 683,557 854,251 639,795 1,759,222 1,323,166 2,263,750 1,844,667 347,782 415,045 977,386 458,471 Average number. Men 16 years and over. 547 419 191,844 177,388 2,985 2,290 1,207 678 489 43,387 40,118 293 386 53,368 44,213 l,9tf 2,301 1,933 2,245 3,669 3,931 327 376 2,108 1,605 1,682 1,439 3,013 2,259 1,017 11,982 11,678 2,392 2,235 2,135 1,483 244 202 2,033 1,263 851 680 2,799 2,387 657 439 47 163 2,006 1,530 1,018 2,710 2,169 3,101 2,734 663 661 1,769 Wom- en 16 years and over. 5 3 46,987 37,186 1,631 1,672 316 205 46 29 14,213 13,865 45 39 9,374 8,216 136 105 1,389 1,403 3,045 3,967 61 21 667 644 378 366 1,064 1,468 31 23 2,476 1,860 193 170 242 166 134 87 793 697 10 120 992 586 688 496 Chil- dren under 16 years. 164 191 101 134 3, 153 6,617 154 123 984 959 3 13 1,363 433 71 96 160 188 196 375 32 12 259 270 333 287 357 319 249 111 128 160 35 137 105 147 178 Miscella- neous expenses. $110,436 36,645 96,298,031 70,445,692 831,060 389,421 220,576 93,088 479,713 239,083 27,069,745 21,162,064 310, 142 229,364 16,062,862 9,990,737 416,871 337,511 374,330 209,004 668,202 626,993 1.53,706 92,961 244,811 110,840 785,831 235,921 549,363 350,021 687,881 187,112 5,384,504 3,716,828 569, 198 296,774 376,270 87,461 105,787 30,301 317,267 116,286 167,587 105,947 988,469 709,669 347, 179 412,326 20, 136 24,140 349,947 194,695 97,353 61,955 1,712,366 667,897 516,630 372,546 96,698 78,374 234,953 66,869 Cost of materials used. $307,722 288,548 589,913,993 502,222,401 4,330,4l3 2,699,676 1,927,762 877,610 870,321 1,082,221 83,258,492 71,390,944 1,395,198 920,980 97,701,529 66,084,468 2,646,045 3,909,684 3,408,077 2,716,057 6,283,645 5,907,844 411,760 365,451 2,463,034 2,571,733 2,641,606 1,847,977 4,283,833 2,956,421 1,261,210 1,244,012 19,701,162 18,262,017 3,791,687 2,087,733 1,075,172 920,056 1,304,138 812,022 2,697,720 1,796,778 930,328 823,844 2,610,283 2,616,836 921,071 613,110 76,186 175,168 2,678,091 1,674,037 1,657,813 591,602 9,207,099 5,397,961 3,695,191 3,258,160 1,368,017 1,671,890 1,665,380 1,047,310 Value of products, in- cluding custom work and repairing. $924,697 722,457 965,036,277 797,879,141 7,7^5,653 5,388,930 3,146,890 1,616,959 2,209,881 2,009,726 166,059,050 141,677,997 2,210,112 1,673,882 172,115,101 126,156,839 4,906,355 6,203,316 5,457,.865 5,042,549 10,289,822 11,031,169 1, 100,771 845,225 3,887,087 4,213,887 4,676,944 3,133,903 7,079,702 6,061,485 2,983,160 2,322,472 40,435,631 34,748,433 6,387,372 4,210,522 3,083,516 2,272,864 1,796,805 1,195,664 4,574,191 3,063,828 1,924,109 1,692,336 6,099,716 6,478,764 2,130,969 1,402,359 223,475 440,659 4,595,023 2,900,267 3,171,318 1,756,268 16,627,668 9,488,252 8,065,652 6,527,163 2,017,908 2,393,814 3,304,120 1,913,762 560 MANUFACTURES. Table 17.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 544 MUNICIPALITIES HAVING A POPULATION IN 1900 OF AT LEAST 8,000: 1905 AND 1900— Continued. MUNICIPALITY. Danville, Pa Danville, Va Davenport, Iowa Dayton, Ohio Decatur, 111 Denison, Tex Denver, Colo Des Moines, Iowa Detroit, Mloli Dover, N. H Dubois, Pa Dubuque, Iowa Dulutb, Minn Dunkirk, N.Y Dunmore, Pa Duqueane, Pa EaBt Liverpool, Ohio . . East Orangs, N.J East Pro^ideijce, E. I. East St. Louis, 111 Easton, Pa Eau Claire, Wis El Paso, Tex Elgin, 111 Elizabeth, N.J Elkhart, Ind Ehnira, N. Y , Elwood, Ind Elyria, Ohio Emporia, Kans. Erie, Pa ... Cen- sus. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 . 1905 1900 1905 1900 Num- ber ol estab- lish- ments. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 173 163 431 425 116 lOS 722 S74 291 218 1,363 1,259 42 40 34 24 156 161 163 126 38 41 15 18 15 7 81 75 17 22 15 99 106 124 141 143 144 267 260 Capital. $1,671,382 2,710,864 5,118,661 4,323,674 13,063,504 10,218,961 32,900,844 26,283,389 4,873,764 3,295,528 1,052,187 1,108,362 27,433,879 31,270,593 9,593,926 7,417,215 91,228,214 67,223,682 7,788,957 6,408,055 3,281,457 1,410,586 9,437,177 7,507,434 9,537,648 5,967,201 5,771,200 4,133,966 1,041,174 1,020,763 16,591,380 14,350,200 6,972,256 4,959,92b 3,047,905 1,896,260 3,635,015 2,191,230 19,909,166 7,940,954 4,849,699 4,346,447 3,622,543 3,844,252 1,673,292 793,221 10,979,586 8,382,697 23,564,094 15,951,174 3,290,995 2,789,809 7,248,714 6,990,892 • 3,302,608 4,362,411 3,071,108 1,116,643 291,038 166,942 24,114,233 19,062,773 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEBKS, ETC. WAGE-EAENEES AND "WAGES. Num- ber. 86 70 131 134 633 424 2,337 1,378 410 217 64 52 1,484 1,036 656 S,a40 4,547 132 99 114 33 646 561 503 220 227 116 77 60 328 76 383 150 847 265 262 147 180 116 104 39 296 152 740 584 301 219 435 271 102 62 734 617 Salaries. $66,087 74,948 125,595 105,814 547,419 430,129 2,707,483 1,513,694 373,065 201,034 63,998 35,794 1,818,035 1,181,411 985,216 557,636 6, 143, .535 4,726,201 181,889 138,949 94,970 32,310 638,030 444,641 503,834 212,114 260,110 118,459 114,314 47,438 387,756 88,167 362,991 .287,695 267,248 186,088 117,449 48,664 915,154 282,308 235,723 128,876 179,993 132,629 127,534 49,990 427,490 188,574 866,099 800,585 281,098 167, 166 411,668 241,696 78,741 111,981 230, 708 54, 449 10,108 2,700 870,901 655,307 Total. Average number. 1,603 2,262 3,018 2,933 3,840 3,403 17,093 14,408 2,340 1,920 725 668 9,672 8,500 4,155 3,479 48,879 38,373 2,859 2,797 1,057 817 4,274 4,658 3,987 3,658 3,395 2,533 1,133 614 2,731 1,487 5,228 4,171 854 690 1,209 836 7,012 6,139 3,355 3,202 1,985 1,758 1,158 716 4,885 4,376 12,335 2,265 2,123 3,442 3,570 1,779 2,745 1,144 208 159 9,153 8,032 Wages. Average number. $646,263 804,677 811,439 663,556 1,755,823 1,457,162 8,693,024 6,909,204 1,125,282 829,606 454,617 360,791 6,711,285 5,235,919 2,083,209 1,474,071 22,786,576 15,317,342 1,226,944 1,229,424 557,348 329,429 1,913,455 1,675,413 2,185,783 1,778,804 2,003,208 1,336,464 463,547 276,314 1,900,580 1,068,756 2,703,123 1,969,711 453,700 356,018 494,467 332, 125 3,718,986 2,364,112 1,372,193 1,200,434 851,443 695,852 709,707 402,322 2,712,560 2,073,796 7,397,978 6,475,852 1,036,981 1,011,619 1,580,720 1,490,968 1,011,103 1,665,066 566,868 268,719 121,716 78,965 4,763,427 3,924,783 Men 16 years and over. 1,224 1,858 1,550 1,604 2,983 2,622 14,183 12,013 2,057 1,646 708 637 8,476 7,539 3,274 2,796 36,303 28,001 1,910 1,767 1,039 797 3,372 3,565 3,693 3,518 3,285 2,384 928 579 2,687 1,483 3,720 3,065 655 557 925 598 6,,'!S8 4,802 2,144 2,075 1,826 1,598 950 679 2,865 2,636 11,161 8,730 1,832 1,876 2,517 2,755 1,648 2,387 992 620 198 140 8,200 7,261 Wom- en 16 years and 245 169 1,091 708 807 731 2,798 2,277 234 259 17 1,048 699 10,810 9,137 926 1,015 11 8 772 983 273 110 92 105 13 1,468 1,064 198 133 318 937 872 147 126 . 200 33 1,9.34 1,724 1,087 711 413 241 797 660 110 150 145 100 9 14 742 522 Chil- dren vmder 16 years. 134 235 377 621 50 150 112 118 148 113 52 84 1,766 1,235 130 110 100 22 106 238 274 255 116 20 128 165 211 249 Miscella^ neons expenses. $151,241 220,790 603,525 537,078 1,150.904 726; 065 6,057,006 3,026,303 587,004 ■ 186,554 71,320 34,035 2,862,011 1,898,772 1,712,654 713,814 15,865,288 9,779,533 472,749 337,432 198,072 83,148 1,313,148 922,302 1,366,322 918,655 444,134 317,012 228,956 138,710 966,825 434,469 601,521 232,411 317,826 302,469 162,844 254,829 1,870,060 535,797 535,353 364,721 409,493 341,865 142,260 44,745 1,186,634 424,066 1,417,406 1,288,016 708,280 763,476 785,809 402,014 167,061 154,458 199,624 89,265 28,660 10,784 1,645,711 1,019,231 Cost of materials used. $1,192,209 2,665,265 2,766,179 1,867,519 8,838,777 6,056,936 18,504,735 14,330,075 6,693,355 3,358,620 590,805 379,343 20,999,833 24,472,275 8,644,367 4,138,523 66,792,687 47,007,497 3,869,443 3,272,659 1,724,754 1,152,816 4,705,737 5,358,194 4,633,827 3,658,988 4,749,236 3,014,829 650,095 489,901 23,144,659 14,597,470 2,107,042 1,462,550 1,108,151 910,770 3,917,676 4,288,159 30,225,640 27,791,704 2,955,235 3,192,855 1,798,74^ 2,111,778 1,131,211 539,055 4,090,259 2,614,384 16,981,514 12,912,537 2,016,058 1,882,373 3,443,518 3,901,786 4,396,445 6,755,011 1,594,639 740,080 359,129 162, 158 10,102,257 8,207,868 Value ot products, in- cluding custom work and repairing. $2,325,227 4,116,103 4,774,818 3,693,792 13,695,978 9,872,327 39,596,773 31,015,293 8,667,302 6,133,677 1,234,956 840,302 36,660,410 37,906,171 15,084,958 8,396,495 128,761,658 88,365,924 6,042,901 6,440,353 2,607,073 1,767,699 9,279,414 9,651,247 10,139,009 7,810,737 9,909,260 5,225,996 1,460,445 1,132,322 28,494,303 20,333,476 6,437,090 4,749,165 2,326,552 . 2,086,910 5,035,288 6,347,316 37,586,198 32,460,957 6,654,594 5,424,663 3,601,568 3,876,386 2,377,813 1,213,099 9,349,274 6,386,243 • 29,300,801 22,861,375 4,345,486 3,932,908 6,984,095 6,596,603 6,m,083 9,433,513 2,933,450 1,221,250 671,601 298,125 19,911,567 16,492,888 GENERAL TABLES. 561 Table 17.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 544 MUNICIPALITIES HAVINrf A POPULATION IN 1900 OF AT LEAST 8,000: 1905 AND 1900— Continued. Cen- sus. Num- ber ot estab- Ush- ments. Capital. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. MisceUa^ neous expenses. Cost of materials used. MUNICIPAUTT. Total. Average number. Value of products, in- cluding custom work and repairing. Num- ber. Salaries. Average number. Wages. Men 16 years and over. Wom- en 16 years and over. Chil- dren under 16 years. 1905 1900 34 26 $1,019,332 430,601 76 25 $77,356 30,978 949 620 $451,982 237,532 798 460 106 ,59 45 1 $142,826 25,292 $404,062 260,233 $1,332,979 609,822 Evanston, 111 1905 1900 33 27 1,722,976 1,290,404 102 29 75,981 24,450 738 400 383,652 191,917 721 387 15 9 2 4 189,063 62,035 1,682,553 361,742 2,560,529 830,020 Evansville, Ind 1905 1900 275 273 14,947,535 9,428,387 790 661 843,508 595,547 8,696 6,284 3,838,116 2,450,790 6,696 4,726 1,659 1,429 341 129 2,129,345 881,119 10,722,329 6,645,126 19,201,716 12,167,524 V Everett, Mass 1903 1900 51 52 8,476,624 5,974,732 216 152 283,999 168,415 2,186 1,877 1,154,505 902,693 1,794 1,746 297 130 95 1 1,182,075 659,689 3,122,931 2,474,246 6,135,660 4,437,180 Fall River, Mass 1905 1900 234 240 69,375,125 57,414,879 667 512 1,141,642 861,431 26,836 30,646 10,098,871 10,742,158 14,478 15,848 11,117 13,082 1,241 1,716 3,923,676 2,878,688 26,095,619 18,070,072 43,473,106 39,102,710 Fargo, N. Dak 1905 1900 47 36 884,188 845,668 89 37 76,056 32,842 386 307 218,548 163,078 294 289 79 10 13 8 114,966 49,033 555,020 783,246 1,160,832 1,230,658 Findlay, Ohio 1905 1900 71 80 2,658,763 1,692,891 101 104 104,523 84,662 1,343 1,107 625,359 463,420 1,044 943 294 161 5 13 290,299 112,357 1,678,903 750,808 2,926,309 1,686,418 Fitcliburg, Mass 1905 1900 107 115 13,108,543 12,585,652 295 290 379,045 363, 504 6,498 6,218 3,167,608 2,802,157 4,605 4,343 1.597 1,630 296 245 1,316,180 684,668 9,421,444 7,479,674 15,390,507 13,008,021 Flint, Mich 1905 1900 70 63 4,216,171 2,507,418 249 87 227,944 72,745 2,161 1,960 1,040,836 802,225 1,960 1,769 191 185 10 6 404,864 234, 418 3,768,986 2,753,837 6,177,170 4,713,044 Fond du Lac, Wis 1905 1900 8.3 74 4,659,608 2,384,311 242 117 263,777 116,994 2,566 1,620 1,056,479 642,358 2,171 1,178 353 288 42 54 489,046 219, 157 3,310,926 1,634,615 5,599,606 2,860,742 Fort Dodge, Iowa 1905 1900 42 30 3,700,651 769, 211 119 79 120,699 58,501 961 390 476,598 170,614 784 320 177 64 6' 254,662 26,868 1,702,309 678,974 3,02.5,659 1,005,834 Fort Madison, Iowa 1905 1900 34 33 1,818,753 1,454,502 100 72 94, 104 90,588 1,138 866 6.57,661 373,270 1,090 8}3 42 9 6 4 157, 932 86,550 1,400,747 814,806 2,378,892 1,577,883 Fort Scott, Kans 1905 1900 50 32 903,762 577, 684 67 29 60,090 26,236 575 389 329,369 198,093 654 359 14 29 7 1 104,673 30,304 766,843 378,716 1,349,026 713,652 Fort Smilh, Ark 1905 1900 63 66 1,725,574 896,864 106 63 113, 222 56,268 1,049 677 481,082 256,611 944 593 66 64 39 30 203,356 64, 814 1, 112, 896 650,446 2,329,454 1,401,320 Fort Wayne, Ind 1905 1900 200 178 12,981,853 8,673,666 961 601 1,012,128 527,858 8,224 6,519 3,919,588 2,626,544 6,356 4,764 1,546 1,596 322 169 1,597,523 668,974 7,645,102 6,031,997 16, 129, 562 11,262,672 Fort Worth, Tex 1905 1900 102 68 3,170,458 2,153,469 226 108 213,134 131, 134 1,423 943 842,988 664,850 1,299 890 106 39 18 14 680,249 315,050 3,189,291 2,146,805 6,668,391 3,487,644 Framingham, Mass 1905 1900 36 34 2,612,603 2,820,580 89 69 133,060 66,002 2,484 2,207 1, 121, 485 857,107 1,323 1,104 1, 103 1,055 68 48 228,247 160, 818 2,616,969 1,691,679 4,173,579 3,007,301 Frankfort, Ky 1905 1900 30 34 1,386,588 1,035,314 52 63 68,841 54,628 525 281 161,806 124,370 304 264 197 11 24 6 249,944 140,187 1,132,626 828,626 1,747,338 1,327,342 Frederick, Md 1905 1900 56 54 1, 420, 542 1,033,034 90 68 60,937 48,104 1,032 939 278, 139 196,982 717 612 248 264 67 163 88,823 68,190 1,222,926 919,369 1,937,921 Freeport, 111 1905 1900 61 61 3,490,302 2,010,448 168 127 144,529 118,281 1,516 1,333 826,638 694,855 1,438 1,276 76 55 3 2 382,448 245,252 1,422,696 1,313,698 3,109,302 1905 1900 67 64 3, 596, 129 2,476,598 130 161 134,666 188,095 1,609 1,357 621,349 533,214 1,041 935 566 418 2 4 289,527 139,041 1,425,228 1, 167, 458 2,833,385 1905 1900 84 62 3,501,808 1, 435, 263 203 87 263,719 86,321 1,951 819 1,085,926 395,686 1,166 532 766 274 19 13 572,887 106,419 6,873,308 1,703,382 9,849,001 2,752,201 Galena Kans 1905 1900 15 19 249, 660 115,875 13 6 12, 190 4,963 130 114 69,607 65, 714 126 107 4 4 1 3 19,626 7,347 687, 671 316,304 797, 410 420,991 1905 1900 58 39 1,665,598 1, 284, 698 172 99 164,683 89,318 1,447 1,070 756, 835 520,938 1,234 1,044 200 24 13 2 188, 164 61,742 936, 158 620,019 2,217,772 1,450,092 1905 1900 67 100 2, 985, 755 4,687,913 164 116 194,396 146,778 761 1,422 469,879 639, 743 633 1,010 108 301 20 HI. 326,309 369,073 1,698,663 2,024,590 2,996,654 3,675,323 1905 1900 50 46 8,618,819 6,887,671 166 108 201,209 124,068 3,168 2,896 1,490,973 1,198,907 2,737 2,526 364 361 67 9 251,010 203,791 2,670,192 2, 284, 431 6,019,019 4,386,077 1905 1900 54 49 6,440,614 2, 279, 743 188 126 216,845 160,213 1,580 1,180 804,877 604,773 1,377 934 199 232 4 14 496,022 215,229 2,995,755 1,650,281 4,951,964 2,716,145 Glens Falls, N. Y 1905 1900 51 57 5,648,127 4,054,680 167 162 217, 873 166,680 2,548 3,101 967,240 950, 103 1,423 1,544 1,120 1,534 6 23 470,800 294,980 2,590,826 1,868,862 4,780,331 3,993,634 Gloucester, Mass 1905 1900 132 137 4, 321, 460 3,864,908 203 183 196,988 168, 457 1,763 2,367 811,261 916, 148 1,346 1,846 392 522 25 516,748 272,468 4,682,002 4,'231,866 6,920,984 6; 292, 772 GloversviUe, N. Y. 1905 1900 180 183 8, 026, 795 5,566,596 307 241 289,878 238,945 5,048 7,813 2,031,477 2, 395, 409 2,967 3,314 2,004 4,463 77 46 836,373 252,626 5,252,243 6,253,884 9,340,763 9,070,520 Grand Hapids, Mich 1905 1900 389 382 26,916,861 22,691,677 1,481 1,148 1,685,017 1,136,524 16,709 12,929 7, 392, 748 6,297,720 13,589 11,492 1,934 1,327 186 110 3,477,697 1 1,770,163 14,671,768 11,120,944 31,032,589 22,228,487 MFQ — PT 1 — 07 36 562 MANUFACTURES. Table 17.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 544 MUNICIPALITIES HAVING A POPULATION IN 1900 OF AT LEAST 8,000: 1905 AND 1900— Continued. MTJNICIPALITY. Great Falls, Mont Green Bay, Wis Greensboro, N. C... Greenville, S. C Guthrie, OMa Hackensack, N. J. ... Hagerstown, Md Hamilton, Ohio Hanunond, Ind Hannibal, Mo Harrisburg, Pa Harrison, N. J Hartford, Conn Haverhill, Mass Hazelton, Pa Helena, Mont Henderson, Ky Hoboken, N. J Holyoke, Mass Homestead, Pa HorneUsville, N. Y.. Hot Springs, Ark Houston, Tex Hudson, N. Y Huntington, Ind Huntington, W. Va Huntsville, Ala Hutchinson, Kans Hyde Park, Mass Indianapolis, Ind Iron Mountain, Mich . . Cen- sus. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 67 114 97 177 175 340 322 320 279 194 179 158 209 145 810 697 Capital. 814,546,915 4,572,324 3,749,056 2,704,238 885, 169 2,058,837 1,080,685 794, 287- 370, 800 2,933,203 1,608,810 2, 194, 331 1, 120, 571 19, 436, 447 10. 243. 102 5, 974, 883 6,300,977 5, 615, 467 1,753,721 16, 065, 610 7, 996, 663 11,388,823 5, 075, 510 28, 368, 683 28, 067, 265 10,305,950 6,357,506 2,674,829 1,319,956 1,351,871 817, 128 1, 463, 366 653,204 11,776,602 7, 475, 164 37. 160. 103 25,935,200 732,587 173,210 2,115,676 1,766,615 549,383 148, 836 8,877,464 5,626,833 4, 073, 278 2, 190, 391 1, 077, 487 902, 386 2,761,656 2, 197, 740 2,833,006 676, 148 1,353,367 1, 026, 125 7,487,072 3,664,345 63,419,820 34,736,371 79, 064 64,375 SALARIED OFFlCIALa, CLEKKS, ETC. Num- ber. 168 69 228 103 108 64 182 83 128 290 167 121 482 377 413 202 1,3*83 1,149 551 479 104 72 69 60 68 34 725 402 720 141 110 416 245 108 74 130 69 106 82 4,115 2,326 7 1 Salaries. $249,317 82,243 207,678 105,428 74, 792 47,042 69,664 36,906 46,340 32,000 67,220 21,693 115, 730 47,854 782,292 365,942 213, 217 330,686 147,655 109,299 503, 283 381,992 524, 358 234,287 1,692,889 1, 374, 200 107,295 50,381 99,629 62, 450 .50,880 27,687 913,607 495,394 1,018,209 810, 468 44, 762 9,890 135, 958 93, 291 27,612 6,226 631,563 292, 146 142, 653 89, 928 96, 777 47, 708 94, 996 70, 989 56, 934 25,068 63,280 34,640 333, 134 147, 879 4,096,269 2,248,407 4,820 343 "WAGE-EAENERS AND "WAGES. " Total. Average number. 1,607 2,111 1,427 1,161 677 1,204 770 333 241 812 487 2,210 1,515 6,207 5,147 1,548 2,683 2,636 1,238 8,396 6,439 4,040 2,859 11,221 10,677 9, 574 9,761 1,40b 822 378 264 459 352 7,227 6, 712 14,685 12,519 307 164 2,200 1,549 239 94 6,066 3,188 1,624 1,132 1,311 1,246 2,229 1,717 1,401 346 610 536 3,991 2,483 26,725 20,985 43 Wages. $1, 062, 729 1, 232, 116 879, 392 666, 472 338, 671 162, 150 257, 448 145,300 186,350 99, 376 277, 776 173, 113 718, 248 390, 137 3,369,161 2,316,537 879, 128 1,237,208 1,311,654 634,620 3,935,350 2, 528, 472 1,928,999 1,380,692 6,562,235 6, 950, 080 4,817,892 4,538,120 434,304 234, 180 294,626 172,077 186, 425 127, 135 3,672,667 2,625,042 6,693,000 5,263,816 171,247 93,091 973. 990 689, 726 115,483 33, 923 2,802,033 1,665,507 696,439 451, 771 605, 244 624, 434 1,033,008 811, 992 343. 991 94, 330 265, 604 210,098 2, 020, 391 1, 122, 463 12,620,443 42,730 21, 032 Average number. Men 16 years and over. 1,829 1,229 814 603 661 490 297 211 493 310 1,467 639 6,419 4,557 1,176 2,167 2,158 1,068 6,687 4,678 2,367 1,861 9,386 9,190 6, 608 6,606 611 356 310 221 418 273 5,273 4,075 8,205 6,922 242 147 1,452 1,158 230 81 4,750 3,041 967 677 1,239 1,202 1,972 1,667 786 225 463 494 3,606 1,786 21,611 17,394 63 37 Wom- en 16 years and 7 12 230 167 273 130 386 145 26 26 273 145 614 795 721 627 363 612 325 165 1,727 1,664 1,657 904 1,754 1,426 2,886 3,100 371 32 60 1,690 1,283 6, 413 5,002 10 9 742 379 5 10 249 100 507 426 69 38 156 53 85 42 41 359 679 4,662 3,340 Chil- dren under 16 years. 168 135 129 81 153 16 16 364 354 1,067 696 101 7 236 36 462 251 13 4 1 Miscella- neous expenses. Cost of materials used. $2)8,672 298,032 501,358 222,973 113,930 69, 018 91,225 26, 792 187, 722 28, 246 269, 844 123, 009 160, 423 76, 824 1,980,055 688,086 3,877,705 480, 977 240,883 124,046 1,001, .563 660, 317 698, 522 376, 829 2,795,038 1,946,342 1,632,236 1, 292, 454 250,319 132, 676 230,095 61,397 178, 860 107, 136 1,417,863 796, 847 2, 946, 250 1, 766, 856 140, .311 26,282 292,699 146,057 29, 647 7,481 1, 131, 216 646, 216 363, 176 337, 924 120, 603 39, 712 206, 603 103, 895 67, 874 41,859 116, 009 69, 377 683, 361 136,476 7,942,435 4,174,538 13,308 11, 139 $6, 478, 649 5, 762, 264 2,696,498 1,363,096 1,021,038 608, 446 1,101,328 717,642 701,009 337, 069 686, 770 371,268 1,651,366 1,099,629 6,602,057 5, 002, 664 2,546,301 20, 201, 892 2,510,813 1,735,252 10,608,146 9,005,283 3,629,106 3,202,334 11, 487, 130 11,369,033 14,267,243 14,994,402 1, 130, 449 293, 466 479,235 336,319 761, 763 680, 871 6, 580, 236 5,025,963 16, 578, 886 12, 705, 955 265, 136 101,018 1,463,996 1,308,046 288, 121 86,269 7,617,487 4, 196, 263 2,077,911 1,334,181 1,096,326 966, 851 2, 676, 644 2,497,682 1,188,872 392,229 1,386,666 1, 038, 385 3, 580, 754 2, 507, 348 51,763,367 38,286,906 60, 912 20, 769 Value of products, in- cluding custom work and repairing. Sl.3,291,979 9,334,378 4,873,027 2,709,251 1,828,837 925, 411 1,676,774 966, 452 1,200,662 648,933 1,488,358 782, 232 3,026,901 1,820,499 13,992,674 10, 655, 486 7,671,203 25,070,551 4, 442, 099 2, 698, 720 17,146,338 14,995,827 8,408,924 6,086,477 25,973,651 23,828,961 24, 446, 594 23, 418, 790 '2,186,876 1,309,748 776,300 1,36.5,120 1,031,808 14,077,305 10,483,079 30,731,332 24, 092, 610 712,830 265,564 3,162,677 2,430,998 697,029 190,667 13,664,019 7,491,971 4,115,52,5 2,603,677 2,081,019 1, 725, 062 4, 407, 153 3,642,565 1,768,718 692, 340 2, 031, 048 1,641,148 6,739,307 4, 383, 959 82, 227, 960 69,322,234 139, 186 69,822 GENERAL TABLES. 563 Table 17.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 544 MUNICIPALITIES HAVING A POPULATION IN 1900 OF AT LEAST 8,000: 1905 AND 1900— Continued. MXraiOIPAUTT. Ironton, Ohio Ironwood, Micli Ishpeming, Mich Ithaca, N.Y Jackson, Mich , Jackson, Tenn , Jacksonville, Fla . . . Jacksonville, 111 Jamestown, N. Y... Janesville, Wis JeSerson City, Mo. . Jeffersonville, Ind . . Jersey City, N. J Johnstcwn, N. Y Johnstown, Pa Joliet, 111 Joplin, Mo Kalamazoo, Mich Kankakee, 111 Kansas City, Kans . Kansas City, Mo — Kearny, N. J Keene, N. H Kenosha, Wis Keokuk, Iowa Kewanee, lU Key West, Fla , Kingston, N.Y KnoxvUle, Tenn Kokomo, Ind La Crosse, Wis Cen- sus. 1905 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 190O 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 Num- ber ol estab- Ush- ments. 147 117 125 74 149 108 628 536 100 115 82 106 135 1905 1900 157 129 1905 1900 . 49 36 1905 1900 lOO 114 1905 1900 612 586 1905 1900 11 16 1905 1900 50 67 1905 1900 45 38 1905 1900 80 88 1905 1900 19 25 1905 1900 73 53 1905 1900 97 109 1905 1900 151 102 1905 1900 61 62 1905 19r,i0 150 131 Capital. $3,356,277 3,212,472 168, 480 87,615 199,298 132, 376 2,770,98-1 2, 623, 353 5,345,540 4,371,377 1,518,761 980, 178 4,837,281 1,857,844 1,816,571 1,295,768 10,199,704 8,364,451 3,444,789 2,444,208 1,845,066 1,488,868 2,486,769 2,451,398 82,394,841 78,612,223 3,680,108 3, 688, 975 59,588,652 16,437,473 16. 356. 337 15,040,446 2,524,177 1,267,969 9, 617, 880 5, 671, 299 1,745,860 604,236 27,773,422 18. 236. 338 32,126,674 22,991,858 2,924,564 1,983,360 2, 280, 084 2,121,801 9,691,484 5, 868, 742 3,148,245 1,955,700 5, 026, 651 2, 123, 013 1,512,245 1,737,679 7,248,992 3,211,342 5, 036, 366 3, 383, 916 2,266,379 6, 833, 946 6,369,440 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEEK3, ETC. Num- ber. Salaries. 125 93 177 97 476 374 118 101 274 112 108 113 571 378 204 170 181 178 72 68 2,379 1,614 168 127 703 367 766 406 100 SO 668 485 120 19 1,150 2,063 2,001 1,183 44 28 77 111 237 100 168 328 267 133 218 60 253 160 405 240 162 90 391 299 $143, 802 105, 777 5,420 2,500 10,980 6,600 190,511 78, 338 426, 876 355, 828 111,536 77,834 302, 191 101,491 114, 830 103,477 693,475 470,466 220, 126 126,360 200, 291 179, 293 73,616 109, 932 2,038,967 140, 376 117,596 729,483 432, 733 894,876 345, 127 119, 103 62,608 690, 798 432,026 119, 998 18, 766 1,216,068 1,910,766 2, 119, 781 1,164,418 62, 867 42, 970 84,233 93,366 314,618 184, 621 162,410 427,066 306, 075 135. 932 228, 769 82, 319 240, 146 147. 933 416, 332 242, 279 157, 083 82. 903 401,025 311, 521 WAGE-EAKNEES AND WAGES. Total. Average number. 1,800 1,677 87 90 873 861 3,967 3,715 1,268 1,018 2,650 1,238 1,066 6,237 4,628 1,348 1,398 262 299 1,492 1,616 20,353 17, 391 2,426 3,696 6,914 5,600 6,187 5,792 6,666 3,870 1,038 377 10, 529 9,483 11,039 9,699 1,303 986 1,685 1,676 4,364 3,090 1,633 1,362 3,676 2,643 2,466 1,809 2,739 2,042 7,116 4,203 1,917 1,356 2,644 2,763 Wages. Men 16 years and over. $824, 345 698, 679 47,423 45,694 41,864 43,844 424, 146 426, 144 1, 838, 068 1,436,635 497,943 400,060 1,073,477 498, 263 468, 167 432, 869 2,234,720 1,718,170 600,257 570, 869 116, 623 91,886 81.5,961 777, 940 10,021,067 7,964,944 943, 126 1, 152, 930 3, 864, 993 2,965,465 3,902,268 3,648,330 386,444 380,070 2,661,948 1,428,035 511,500 162, 349 6,449,439 4, 258, 875 5,920,442 4,568,919 605, 132 359,469 766, 866 717, 706 2,243,644 1,303,389 673, 649 479,671 1,986,455 985, 887 1, 325, 032 1, 074, 174 1, 153, 129 924, 710 2,539,809 1,288,277 966, 126 528,019 1,066,036 1,000,718 Average numbec 1,714 1,621 85 87 71 77 769 764 2,772 2,628 1,118 914 2,476 1,165 686 828 3,776 3,067 971 1,011 191 206 1,440 1,509 14, 713 13,043 1,365 1,816 6,591 6,474 6,902 5,661 634 668 4,041 2,663 935 345 9,344 8,373 8,444 6,885 763 501 1,412 1,262 3,411 2,469 1,140 906 3,319 2,228 2,021 1,432 1,677 1,607 5,121 2,791 1,753 1,196 1,929 2,059 Wom- en 16 5'ears and over. 76 53 2 3 1 3 102 106 1,170 1,166 96 208 208 1,317 1,245 357 349 5,136 3,991 1,025 1,849 256 44 273 40 6 1,568 1,181 91 20 833 765 2,313 2,597 331 323 261 284 913 346 351 188 439 376 956 414 1,351 1,140 144 149 626 660 Chil- dren under 16 years. 144 216 504 367 362 345 282 217 162 6 127 106 21 644 272 MisceUar neous $229, 344 160, 633 27,703 7,482 14, 686 8,756 396,010 83,460 996, 032 440, 276 184, 164 62,250 434,618 132,917 168,944 99, 096 1,660,754 670,402 376, 718 228, 114 677, 043 569,659 207,048 130,369 7,031,034 6,203,102 443,369 280,049 3,038,850 1,799,739 1, 861, 102 1,527,439 119, 097 87,604 1,618,800 604,708 259,248 61,676 3,975,364 2,512,439 4,002,518 2,097,481 230, 137 110,638 130, 173 115,003 1,401,966 363,690 563,884 140,215 317, 636 74, 698 602,610 618,472 762, 307 294,393 818, 783 275,663 404,210 170,431 1,200,857 836,964 Cost ol materials used. $3,423,066 3, 144, 791 78,251 65,069 142, 169 96,031 818,995 666, 164 4,272,174 3,808,032. 1,182,976 692, 688 2,789,492 806, 703 1, 102, 358 849, 931 4,250,956 3,793,469 2,056,837 1,768,682 2,487,060 2,130,786 2,826,964 2,435,759 48,798,807 50,266,642 2,560,823 2,984,693 19,754,765 13,908,438 21,705,492 17,192,916 1,960,367 1,556,181 6,896,378 3,892,528 1,025,706 288,960 83,883,022 68, 875, 458 19,525,121 12,631,026 3,605,368 984,375 1,376,863 1,446,313 7, 391, 873 6,022,848 2,233,660 1,591,186 3,639,978 2, 786, 370 1,806,4)47 1,230,806 2,228,795 1,902,725 7,241,056 3,551,660 1,594,295 1,009,824 4,725,320 4,646,034 Value of products, in- cluding custom work and repairing. $4,765,304 6,410,528 201,783 146, 122 246, 862 194, 668 2,080,002 1,500,604 8,348,125 6,709,995 2,317,715 1,576,869 6,340,264 1,798,607 1,684,260 10,349,762 7,731,083 3,846,038 8,184,426 3,926,632 3,061,438 4,826,443 3,771,635 76,740,934 72,929,690 4,643,272 5,123,370 28,891,806 21,364,745 33,788,700 26,131,625 3,006,203 2,326,218 13,141,797 7,186,368 2,089,143 648,713 96,473,050 80,023,107 35,673,049 23,588,663 4,427,904 1,607,002 2,690,967 2,583,887 12,362,600 7,333,653 4,226,915 3,048,460 6,729,381 4,166,098 4,254,024 3,088,225 5,000,922 3,962,340 12,432,880 6,201,840 3,651,106 2,062,156 8,139,432 7,676,681 564 MANUFACTURES. Table 17.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 544 MUNICIPALITIES HAVING A POPULATION' IK 1900 OF AT LEAST 8,000: 1905 AND 1900— Continued. Cen- sus, Num- ber of estab- lish- menta. Capital. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. WAGE-EAEKEBS AND WAGES. Miscella- neous expenses. Cost ol materials used. Total. Average number. Value of products, in- cluding MtmiciPALiTr. Num- ber. Salaries. Average number. Wages. Men 16 years and over. Wom- en 16 years and ChU- dren under 16 custom work and repairing. over. years. Laconia, N. H 1905 1900 56 53 $2,398,632 1,843,857 75 42 182,502 48,693 1,957 1,535 $830,779 574,663 1,150 960 794 658 13 17 $189,951 106,239 $1, 719, 727 1,194,483 $3,096,878 2,162,379 1905 1900 80 85 3,616,841 2,879,666 262 266 264,362 246,383 1,786 1,343 834,031 672,903 1,496 1,037 269 300 21 6 398, 691 238,238 2,702,536 1,989,765 4,631,415 3,614,276 Lancaster, Oliio 1905 1900 44 36 1,931,306 1,365,183 127 64 107,208 57, 110 1,919 1,069 946,915 543,623 1,431 772 408 194 80 103 266,020 77,097 2,677,649 1,069,326 4,159,410 1,905,360 Lancaster, Pa . . . 1905 1900 300 284 12,394,854 9,469,878 416 362 414,566 355,512 8,693 7,504 3,089,095 2,568,907 4,926 4,142 3,088 2,651 679 711 1,658,836 962,804 7,598,158 6,462,932 14,647,681 12,750,429 Lansinfj, Midi 1905 1900 98 74 6,999,018 2,047,113 340 163 352, 360 135,175 2,982 1,425 1,388,642 677,239 2,687 1,236 263 186 32 4 613,661 171,388 3,473,287 1,632,321 6,887,415 2,942,306 1905 1900 14 12 248,804 291,996 19 14 19,360 16,348 199 376 137,794 199,803 197 367 2 2 6' 42,4,58 24,814 82,171 298,208 319,626 609,831 Laredo, Tex 1905 1900 IS 14 221,101 203,453 34 9 35,792 7,624 515 372 180,606 161,930 612 363 3 9' 7,829 3,654 195,730 138,481 453,974 331,209 Lasalie, Ili 1905 1900 24 26 2,053,169 2,020,315 79 67 138,908 177,236 1,197 917 685,387 447,365 1,146 876 30 19 21 22 129,098 70,702 1,878,218 2,398,946 3,168,173 3,309,413 Lawrence, Kans 1905 1900 39 39 729,735 697,122 38 44 29,678 29,909 402 461 171,613 163,084 275 338 112 111 16 12 55,545 47,808 317,413 892,323 668,254 1,238,926 Lawrence, Mass 1905 1900 187 167 60,063,193 48,827,445 633 648 971,244 996,945 21,910 20,899 8,907,784 8,196,813 12,634 11,779 8,204 8,306 1,172 815 2,030,609 1,901; 221 29,416,589 24,841,477 48,036,593 41,741,980 Leadvillo, Colo 1905 1900 33 34 3,769,958 3,382,616 61 46 79,335 73,468 861 1,227 716,010 726,650 829 1,216 7 7 25 4 88,998 75,286 3,883,966 4,840,166 6,445,586 6,882,949 Leavenworth, Kana 1905 1900 89 89 2,960,652 2,705,283 210 194 200,753 176,750 1,321 1,141 600,064 519,558 1,148 1,030 102 62 71 49 387,666 188, 167 2,587,770 1,980, .535 4,151,767 3,261,460 Lebanon, Pa 1905 1900 103 97 7,831,000 5,675,348 343 177 303,991 174,595 4,387 4,475 1,791,071 1,778,967 3,565 • 3,452 782 811 40 212 784,666 284,437 3,27S,847 4,745,482 6,978,458 7,658,296 Leominster, Mass 1905 1900 65 70 4,572,726 3,862,479 246 155 268,446 165,279 4,127 3,412 1,946,050 1,481,073 2,979 2,265 1,028 1,110 120 47 541,661 342,789 3,964,165 2,769,091 7,501,720 6,396,528 Lewiston, Me 1905 1900 81 84 11,264,656 10,657,088 167 162 230,089 192,998 6,167 6,677 2,168,314 2,306,743 3,033 3,521 2,978 2,998 156 168 819,740 649,152 4,716,398 3,717,998 8,627,649 7,778,941 Lexington, Ky 1905 1900 84 88 2,064,312 1,366,367 196 120 147,923 88,225 1,114 797 454,848 316,309 1,046 753 41 21 27 23 398,740 167,296 1,386,234 986,340 2,774,329 1,889,075 Lima, OMo 1905 1900 78 76 8,688,049 5,361,107 261 183 258,688 157,736 3,220 1,980 1,602,379 941,895 2,628 1,673 692 307 100 566;^60 238,225 4,244,909 3,935,739 8,165,686 6,222,432 Lincoln, 111 1905 1900 39 36 650,805 398,037 42 31 26,488 16,562 236 188 124,733 81,928 224 179 11 6 1 3 63,629 32,177 374, .572 165,580 784,248 376,167 1905 1900 128 81 4,421,046 2,249,171 381 176 372,588 166,000 1,617 1,104 853,347 480,860 1,217 992 376 95 24 17 652,963 180,961 2,691,391 1,595,768 6,222,620 2,763,484 1905 1900 17 17 10,824,337 6,718,363 115 43 171,323 99,020 3,879 2,933 1,546,082 953,128 2,546 1,483 1,129 1,260 204 190 5.38,593 120,305 1,868,594 1,867,014 4,698,438 3,922,846 Little Falls. N. Y 1905 1900 49 52 4,613,737 3,952,747 124 106 143,638 120,499 2,621 2,980 1,034,460 1,048,663 1,469 1,494 1,135 1,367 27 119 362,611 292,346 2,535,176 2,233,429 4,471,080 4,070,596 Little Rock, Ark 1905 1900 104 62 4,493,455 2,927,865 237 209 249,271 180,946 1,971 1,397 9.38,313 644,022 1,793 1,228 140 126 38 43 478,686 264,402 2,5,59,183 1,779,320 4,689,787 3,379,030 Lockport, N. Y 1905 1900 109 124 6,122,651 6,972,246 210 224 265,054 231,307 2,323 2,359 1,109,654 1,078,332 1,906 1,950 403 394 14 15 474, 130 432,451 3,315,926 3,096,838 6,807,980 6,352,669 Logansport, Ind 1905 1900 61 68 1,920,087 1,646,855 184 70 149,242 51,210 1,720 1,316 858,701 688,246 1,.548 1,184 157 117 15 15 167,766 114,748 1,561,404 1,026,008 2,9,W,921 2,100,394 Long Branch, N. J 1905 1900 26 11 2,038,354 1,761,869 67 23 40,319 17,631 294 96 155,341 48,916 217 95 75 2 1 61,227 22,513 206,711 108,847 577,268 280,690 Lorain, Ohio 1905 1900 43 26 10,699,114 12,683,792 288 134 254,919 136,515 3, 102 2,233 2,832,101 1,101,884 3,076 2,125 26 68 1 40 540,997 617,966 9,707,896 6,485,466 14,491,091 9,481,388 Los Angeles, Cal 1905 1900 814 634 28,181,418 10,045,095 2,004 717 1,996,838 671,300 10,424 5,173 7,088,175 2,600,394 8,964 4,046 1,306 982 164 146 2,741,413 1,019,803 18,689,152 8,087,926 34,814,475 15,133,696 Louisville, Ky 1905 1900 842 860 79,998,733 44, 015, 944 3,126 2,491 3,366,997 2, 594, 662 24,985 23,062 10,811,540 8,435,575 19,346 18, 513 4,638 3,396 1,001 1,153 12,272,141 12,106,067 45,681,703 34,875,937 83,204,126 66,110,474 1905 1900 256 286 54, 809, 038 46,500,908 964 684 1,346,120 929, 302 29,303 29,254 11,589,724 10,853,025 15,570 15,520 12,221 12, 431 1,612 1,303 4,787,058 4, .309, 421 26,910,790 20, 279, 444 46,879,212 41,202,984 1905 190O 55 61 4,258,189 2,299,600 218 87 216.952 79, 377 2,534 1,487 789, 4,37 451, 149 1,759 1,126 651 231 124 130 427,760 583,759 2, 882, 406 1,524,970 4,905,435 2,993,551 1905 1900 431 423 23, 139, 185 16,036,623 1,706 1,175 1,530,374 953,647 21,540 16,377 11,737,737 7,070,542 15,237 11,399 6,028 4,875 275 103 3, 741, 789 2,103,491 32, 616, 644 24,471,218 55,003,023 39,347,493 GENERAL TABLES. 565 Table 17 — COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 544 MUNICIPALITIES HAVING A POPULATION IN 1900 OF AT LEAST 8,000: 1905 AND 1900— Continued. UUNICIPALITT. McICeesport, Pa 1905 1900 Cen- sus. Macon, Ga Madison, Wis Mahanoy City, Pa. Maiden, Mass 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1930 Num- ber ol estab- lish- ments. Manchester, N. H 1905 1900 Manciiester, Va Manistee, Mich Manitowoc, Wis Mantato, Minn Mansfield, Ohio Marietta, Ohio Marinette, Wis Marion, Ind Marion, Ohio 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 190O 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 Marlboro, Mass ' 1905 i 1900 Marquette, Mich. 1905 1900 Marshalltown, Iowa 19C5 1900 Massillon, Ohio i;W5 1900 Mattoon,Ill j 1905 i 1900 MeadvUle,Pa , 1905 . 1900 Mediord, Mass.. 1905 190O Melrose, Mass ' 1905 Memphis, Tenn '■ 1905 ^ I 1900 Menominee, Mich | 1905 I 1900 Meriden, Conn 1905 Meridian, Miss '. 1905 MerriU, Wis.... \ W05 Michigan City, Ind.. Middletown, Conn.. Middletown, N. Y.. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 84 155 166 109 95 Capital. 52 223 SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. 50 51 I $16,285,952 15,088,223 6,749, 742 4,009,469 5, 182, 083 3, 475, 344 \&1, 003 511, 480 5, 553, 432 5,631,498 2,5,243,460 21,539,685 1,218,231 (■iS5, 9B2 2,831,544 3, 606, 1.52 5,019,861 2,420,899 2, 223, 085 1, 076, 717 8,295,234 5, 457, 321 2, 556, 963 1, 935, 495 3,283,598 4,367,277 3, 485, 801 3,315,926 3, 394, 918 2,917.206 2, 660, 974 2,001,007 1, 663, 181 1, 176, 857 1, 440, 860 5, 636, 187 5,744,737 3,975,304 682,977 449, 177 1,761,230 1,168,139 1,448,645 1,061,041 4,644,643 3,150,939 14,130,020 9,766,846 3,340,328 3,787,668 16,442,113 15,417,477 2,515,683 1,402,236 2,776,079 2,068,012 4,293,480 4,215,477 4 758.885 4, 816; 289 2,298,015 1,931,006 Num- ber. Salaries. 473 298 208 342 183 135 104 606 308 56 121 113 124 81 116 81 466 316 145 126 197 173 212 121 154 90 136 87 167 95 853 452 582 374 128 68 130 91 172 144 108 68 WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Total. 1777,862 446, 337 357,098 230, 929 341, 191 159, 105 40,902 15, 220 133, 310 121, 684 680,973 441,009 77, 737 50, 867 106, 406 110, 979 119,025 78,425 101, 935 70, 756 465, 275 296, 143 139, 193 111, 665 117, 610 136, 302 203, 093 153, 749 230,022 114,015 180, 120 100, 284 67, 271 76, 2."! 134, 726 99, 106 177,709 80,664 59,934 21, 616 114,771 73,640 67,219 70,676 61,266 77,230 1,0.58,453 552,002 120,080 128,645 806,580 604,758 126,091 62,051 72,680 70,7,58 149,395 104, 119 184,243 162,217 104,062 58,778 Average number. Wages. 8,848 7,213 3,661 2,994 1,476 1,365 238 301 2,954 2,416 17, 579 17, 862 1,083 847 2,084 2,103 1,321 976 724 620 3,021 2,622 1,314 1,511 1,645 2,485 2,239 2,843 1,721 1,171 3, 479 2,524 738 836 1,112 1,995 1,474 1,022 632 1,300 1,201 484 675 1,571 1,180 8,153 6,626 1,489 1,703 7,281 1,346 834 1,618 2,022 3,140 2,912 3,163 2,495 1,596 1,396 Average number. Men 16 years and over. $5, 621, 396 4,147,087 1, 200, 695 864, 367 813,311 698, 483 92, 556 74, 161 1, 428, 070 1, 136i 478 7, 322, 934 6, 468, 480 507,972 341,995 998, 664 964, 112 633, 261 358, 910 303, 390 176, 390 1, 309, 322 973, 466 609,968 590, 123 861, 581 1,014,289 1,141,276 1, 336, 604 865, 335 656, 355 1, 644, 123 1,152,078 436, 408 354, 921 440, 603 519,722 1,168,226 745,201 698,834 297, 162 602, 153 636,254 243,981 279,462 795,664 565,733 3,861.669 2,792,442 705,013 769,314 3,668,738 3,243,342 688,401 327,289 672,322 7,57, ,S96 1,4,53,119 1,033,425 1,302,579 1,012,185 739,804 373,619 Wom- en 16 years and 8,605 6,987 2,714 2,166 1,279 1,252 108 255 1,669 1,380 9,802 9,422 2,009 2,045 1,029 801 667 372 2, 216 1,998 1,245 1,348 1,577 2,417 2,004 2,291 1,617 1,130 2,216 1,589 727 831 1,060 1,766 1,349 966 673 1,077 1,066 418 610 777 621 7,326 6,046 1,387 1,652 5,538 6,294 1,274 816 1,601 1,884 2,630 2,428 2,152 1,629 1,307 1,023 Chil- dren under 16 years. 102 60 571 161 118 35 1,346 995 7,438 7,941 59 112 28 26 273 81 102 107 786 620 69 126 28 58 187 263 160 23 1,123 846 45 61 54 20 64 62 221 144 54 54 771 645 671 1 444 76 42 1,537 1,319 47 6 15 12 645 363 946 710 289 365 141 176 349 267 339 499 20 289 175 106 Miscella- neous expenses. 206 76 2 126 66 131 56 156 18 Cost ol materials used. $1,378,272 375, 877 482, 406 372, 902 543,041 302,023 89, 875 113, 692 704, 625 628, 780 1, 855, 529 1, 483, 434 110, 598 448, 391 328,070 444, 436 220, 405 218, 124 69,129 1, 123, 729 280,870 264, 785 116, 603 613, 091 640, 674 339, 070 280,429 200, 594 344, 148 316, 770 166,722 135, 517 138, 869 185, 040 168,084 233, 148 153,411 39,186 23,390 160,342 43,946 88,161 78,960 510,263 431,381 1,967,973 887,341 477,419 706,938 2, 033,, 528 923,236 195,661 101,901 282,519 266,786 204,761 261,623 742.854 205,220 201,037 88,327 Value of products, in- cluding custom work and repairing. $12, 309, 484 21,834,873 4,115,871 3,161,056 1,292,677 1, 138, 355 133, 1.36 112,978 4,045,390 4, 084, 147 18,706,986 13, 803, 207 2, 392, 930 1, 110, 623 1,274,310 1, 376, 379 2, 939, 873 835, 902 2,529,294 1, 354, 723 3, 523, 371 2,706,458 1, 365, 667 1,150,096 1,580,659 1,714,093 1,9,52,982 2, 199, 697 1, 351, 681 966, 607 4, 686, 716 2,834,404 1, 391, 981 813, 244 2, 140, 454 2,796,169 1,581,515 1,262,632 622,371 346,264 964,286 385,964 639,514 2,916,367 2,146,477 11,992,419 7,879,251 1,372,719 1,836,914 5,643,761 5,105,671 2,052,466 1,114,289 1,670,198 1,959,080 3, 980, .339 3,960,867 3,091,724 2,352,719 1,956,410 1,325,396 I $23, 054, 412 36, 058, 447 7, 297, 347 5, 451, 900 3,291,143 2,689,019 431, 526 401, 103 11,235,635 6, 602, 462 30, 696, 926 24, 628, 345 3, 226, 268 1, 621, 358 3,2.56,601 3, 625, 317 4, 427, 816 1,935,442 3, 422, 117 1, 887, 315 7, 363, 578 6, 076, 124 2, 599, 287 2, 398, 137 3, 633, 399 4,411,256 4,290,166 4,592,922 3, 227, 712 2, 425, 883 7, 468, 849 4, 498, 385 2, 364, 081 1,685,083 3,090,312 3, 966; 732 3,707,013 2,748,999 1,308,781 764,463 2,074,600 1,667,954 871,820 1,132,131 9,450,929 3,416,240 21,346,817 14,233,483 2,973,935 4,075,825 13,763,548 11,750,440 3,267,600 1,924,466 3,260,638 3,553,391 6,314,226 6,032,301 6,604,676 4,162,071 3,3.66,330 2,154,742 566 MANUFACTURES. Table 17.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 544 MUNICIPALITIES HAVING A POPULATION IN 1900 OF AT LEAST 8,000: 1905 AND 1900— Continued. MUNICIPALITY. Mlddletown, Ohio . . . . Milford, Mass Millvllle, N. J Milwaukee, Wis Minneapolis, Minn Moberly, Mo Mobile, Ala Moline,Ill Montolair, N.J Montgomery, Ala Morristown, N.J Mt. Cannel, Pa Mt. Vemon, N.Y Muncie, Ind Muscatine, Iowa Muskegon, Midi Nanticoke, Pa Nastiua, N. H Nashville, Tenn Natchez, Miss Natick, Mass Naugatuck, Conn New Albany, Ind New Bedford, Mass . . . New Britain, Conn New Brunswick, N.J. New Haven, Conn New London, Conn . . . New Orleans, La New RocheUe, N. Y . . New York city, N. Yj. Cen- sus. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 1,532 1,419 139 113 22 102 90 107 105 263 237 176 171 95 490 437 Capital. 20,839 19,243 $10,417,726 3,867,153 1,662,983 1,077,283 3,809,692 3,168,589 162,129,641 105,503,870 66,699,604 60,176,730 503,241 459,131 3,824,499 2,605,635 24,404,656 10,994,119 565,629 605, 122 3,211,776 2,019,948 781,637 747,399 630,408 334,378 7,284,487 4,056,573 4,876,542 3,613,251 4,859,602 3,667,438 4,790,190 3,636,522 313,710 291,064 9,405,109 9,287,184 16,463,238 11,873,734 632, 451 1,243,257 1,211,299 938,549 7,899,926 6,606,815 2,660,073 2,798,095 40,409,720 28,182,246 19,979,712 13,768,139 10,392,709 6,319,119 31,412,715 27,962,460 4,589,846 4,255,905 58,547,304 42,858,216 814,422 391,894 1,042,946,487 863,238,133 | SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLEEKS, ETC. Num- ber. 186 256 93 76 229 152 5,108 4,077 3,542 2,158 45 41 238 161 442 332 20 12 242 120 25 36 17 11 183 190 173 167 136 223 164 21 29 235 179 1,139 911 44 38 41 24 137 104 519 425 783 439 338 238 1,819 1,396 161 130 2,345 1,579 55 16 63,586 43, 783 Salaries. $198,016 308,601 93,603 71,027 236,199 160,428 5,869,500 4,304,609 3,560,129 2,112,851 42,059 39,363 235,428 146,403 629,513 371,957 24.326 14^050 247,017 108,766 21,676 24,199 16,195 7,175 150,470 77,753 206,864 210,077 164,943 129,375 256,776 154,245 15,826 6,062 265,787 189, 134 1,165,067 786, 173 41,606 33, 746 52,207 17,241 184, 186 121,444 138,547 104, 126 780,643 535,356 891,638 533,087 399,749 302,717 2,026,335 1,442,764 161,551 125, 776 2,400,858 1,667,472 48,441 11,579 73,027,655 51,656,094 WAGE-EAKNEES AND WAGES. Total. Average number. Wages. 1,814 1,678 1,783 1,367 2,767 2,239 43,540 41,220 21,762 19,620 496 656 2,496 2,371 3,987 4,138 161 1,940 1,528 307 252 261 109 670 438 3,074 3,848 2,763 2,589 3,078 3,078 229 140 6,169 6,777 8,435 6,726 316 648 1,.392 1,253 3,628 3,160 2,464 2,137 17,855 15,263 10,073 8,019 4,690 3,836 21,437 17,594 2,554 1,963 17, 631 16, 185 517 464,716 $861,378 621,149 910,422 633,081 1,527,903 1,098,460 20,910,009 17,102,266 11,460,385 9, 383; 404 266,404 318,952 1,199,332 948,353 2,363,016 2,116,308 72, 116 86,099 639,816 500,049 170,899 146,054 108, 129 38,733 426,030 224,046 1,514,580 1,958 246 1,114,338 950, 147 1,211,008 1,124,675 64,742 43,686 2,608,135 2,326,587 3,343,166 2,275,801 133,762 174,007 643,613 579,909 1,997,601 1,600,690 1,073,127 731,914 7,250,819 6, 123, 142 4,686,786 3,618,178 1,792,230 1,303,832 11,203,5.50 8,520,471 1,069,617 801,051 7,444,474 6, 176, 279 342,319 110,292 248,128,259 196,655,892 Average number. Men 16 years and over. Wom- en 16 years and over. 1,464 1,229 1,228 903 2,148 1,636 33,202 31,766 18,483 16,640 487 634 2,390 2,301 3,901 4,043 120 143 1,659 1,143 272 210 151 84 646 413 2,710 3,467 2,116 2,111 2.437 2; 477 52 66 4,014 3,715 6,655 4,814 296 409 893 861 2,310 2,095 1,923 1,675 10,351 8,826 7,871 6,161 2,347 2,198 16,224 12,851 1,829 1,278 12,535 10, 785 403 181 314,066 263,214 350 348 616 423 446 416 8,093 6,556 3,202 2,826 172 252 24 288 251 634 321 529 479 109 23 1,976 1,976 1,689 1,637 9 152 477 376 1,226 1,035 474 528 6,660 6,609 1,980 1,643 2,121 1,452 4,714 4,510 716 670 4,335 4,781 108 14 14T,454 120, 092 Chil- dren under 16 years. 38 31 174 287 » 2,245 2,908 67 154 3 13 109 133 76 140 113 167 112 122 169 87 191 376 964 928 222 215 122 186 499 233 761 619 3,196 5,280 Miscella- neous $1,746,132 2,085,434 163,046 85,703 363,735 171,405 20,754,926 15,868,977 9,220,861 4,168,196 .38,900 32,633 390,877 213,238 1,584,175 470,057 56,713 62,790 294,684 271,616 48,475 34,818 28,746 43, 197 334,864 107,271 312,610 274,341 347,825 167, 163 645,671 390,768 67,946 43,201 959,379 538,313 2,636,082 1,205,071 52,044 176,422 99, 167 107,350 405, 162 283,623 284,094 199,054 2,164,988 1,569,781 1,931,182 726,461 1,230,892 631,207 4,280,928 2,656,074 422, 444 432,062 6,021,477 4,310,615 68,590 19,051 205,825,066 131,828,922 Cost of materials used. Value of products, in- cluding custom work and repairing. $3,692,059 2,472,866 1,775,643 1,466,071 1,383,6.54 919,064 71,706,220 69,693,700 89,086,269 68,909,670 398,669 359,951 2,322,240 1,541,869 6,894,«>8 4,698,192 418,819 386,337 2,188,530 1,714,652 299,179 309,729 481,447 260,090 784,360 328,406 3,643,620 3,847,868 3,014,773 3,514,994 3,525,740 2,268,876 160,180 182,024 8,483,097 6,125,763 13,497,869 9,027,418 602,664 681,236 2,484,687 1,851,137 7,269,634 6,071,676 2,174,446 2,115,910 16,091,176 11,783,379 6,667,806 4,596,100 4,167,992 2,993,866 18,521,105 16,136,516 2,527,480 2,262,360 61,906,300 40,386,636 461,513 278,407 818,029,267 634,210,045 $8,537,993 5,800,095 3,390,504 2,552,150 3,719,417 2,513,433 138,881,645 110,854,102 121,. 593, 120 94,407,774 800,669 791,978 4,942,331 3,485,669 13,158,429 9,302,054 621.145 663; 592 3,877,653 2,943,668 704,412 696,592 734,512 393,373 1,877,508 909,718 6,476,267 7,041,676 5,039,640 5,219,787 6,319,441 4,527,467 358,091 309,990 12,858,382 10,096,064 23,109,601 16,301,096 819, 729 1,114,816 3,463,094 2,722,226 11,009,573 8,886,676 4,110,709 3,638,193 29,469,349 23,397,491 14,959,543 11,096,030 8,916,983 6,791,321 39,666,118 34,899,437 4,709,628 4,221,058 84,604,006 57,446,116 1,102,817 608, 162 1,526,523,006 1,172,870,261 GENERAL TABLES. 567 Table 17.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 544 MUNICIPALITIES HAVING A POPULATION IN 1900 OP AT LEAST 8,000: 1905 AND 1900— Continued. SALARIED WAQE-EAHNEKS AND WAGES. ^■■TTVrT^^TT^ i T TmTT Cen- sus. Num- ber ol estab- Ush- ments. Capital. UFFICIALS, CLERICS, ETC. Total. Average number. Miscella- neous expenses. Cost of materials used. Value of products, in- cluding M UNI CIPALITy, Num- ber. Salaries. Average number. ' ' Wages. Men 16 years and over. Wom- en 16 years and Chil- dren under 16 custom work and repairing. over. years. Newark, N. J 1905 1900 1,600 1,573 $ll5,n;7fi,i72 97,182,390 6,136 4,146 S6,(i.8r..231 5,2,5,5,512 50,697 42,878 $25,621,626 20,364,784 36,166 31,193 13,093 10,434 1,439 1,251 817,735,013 9,001,230 480,689, 255 60,771,784 $150,055,227 112,728,045 Newark, Ohio 1905 1900 Ci'J 3,834,447 l,bSl,200 226 147 215,553 121,792 3,627 2,076 2,129,658 809,727 3,326 1,798 226 202 75 75 396,322 183,772 2,432,572 1,180,379 6,612,587 2,879,368 Newbem, N. C 1905 1900 21 30 1,233,624 833,480 66 44 56,055 36,360 762 1,196 276,070 290,161 690 1,091 32 76 40 29 180,924 153,279 674,639 858,391 1 343 384 1,575,752 Newburg, N.Y 1905 1900 SO 93 6,668,891 4,518,872 628 281 479,858 263,672 4,036 3,074 1,802,748 1,316,131 2,492 1,827 1,509 1,169 36 78 799,894 302,503 3,330,629 2,647,619 7,142,327 6,367,742 Newburyport, Mass 1905 1900 69 64 4,019,802 3,690,087 238 209 212,617 204,947 2,956 2,801 1,391,911 1,175,481 1,983 1,864 939 906 33 41 438,397 338,672 4,262,269 3,051,083 6,809,979 6,140,554 Newcastle, Pa .......... 1905 1900 72 71 18,608,474 12,952,616 672 184 630,685 239,052 5,729 4,529 3,603.080 2, 988; 162 6,636 4,398 163 68 30 63 1,629,297 446,876 21,629,945 13,146,079 29,433,635 20,016,798 Newport, Ky 1905 1900 105 134 2,816,202 2,389,060 160 109 190,784 117,374 1,958 1,965 1,062,123 873,162 1,442 1,367 462 661 64 37 394,475 622,968 2,972,097 1,473,248 6, 231, 084 3,547,667 Newport, R.I 1905 1900 46 43 1,285,604 1,407,372 80 60 65,680 48, 119 849 881 488,860 443,292 801 753 42 126 6 2 82,994 256,235 655,505 653,568 1,347,104 1,575,192 Newport News, Va 1905 1900 25 35 22,958,343 14, 750, 874 142 126 156, 554 205,761 7,406 6,286 3,436,667 2,389,729 7,080 4,924 41 38 285 323 284,386 216,841 4,478,752 2,843,999 9,053,906 6,937,820 Newton Mass .... 1905 1900 48 45 4,324,499 4,320,812 139 103 201,063 141,686 1,893 1,823 943,634 846,343 1,419 1,404 426, 396 48 23 318, 202 223,289 2,241,638 1,894,103 4,140,996 ii t n i/'jjrjij If! tjfijLj . ......... 3,679,273 Niagara Falls, N.Y... . 1905 190O 85 93 27,115,761 14,344,446 504 326 691,434 384,087 4,574 2,840 2,347,539 1,318,318 3,706 2,365 842 467 26 8 2,149,818 766,766 9,192,069 4,888,318 16,915,786 8,640,184 Norfolk Va 1905 1900 123 140 4,676,762 4,418,931 240 231 243,885 186,884 3,063 2,638 1,129,656 904,364 2,110 1,930 786 634 167 74 445,052 282,240 3,260,894 2,641,866 6,900,129 i^ KJX ^\J x.1^ , » bv............. 4,691,779 Noiristown, Pa 1905 1900 84 77 5,306,860 3,673,587 198 164 226,784 125,799 3,517 2,944 1,315,336 977,403 1,628 1,342 1,636 1,377 353 225 757,468 386,973 2,866,976 2,159,500 6,925,243 4,106,834 North Adams, Mass 1905 1900 58 68 18,168,009 14,126,598 263 248 373,042 461,232 5,502 6,312 2,332,505 2,707,560 3,623 4,194 1,644 1,800 335 318 696,606 734, 122 4,010,517 5,047,006 8,035,705 10,741,495 North Tonawanda^ N. Y. 1905 1900 38 34 4,824,887 4,947,077 137 125 170,044 146,845 2,025 1,656 994,026 758,216 1,806 1,537 193 110 26 9 335,165 274,734 4,534,366 4,244,410 6,499,312 6,293,686 Northampton, Mass 1905 1900 77 66 4,379,873 4,629,294 201 141 211,380 149,723 2,963 2,635 1,216,990 1,128,756 1,883 1,706 984 867 96 62 470,797 349,796 3,042,101 2,640,429 5,756,381 4,706,820 Norwich Conn 1905 190O 87 89 8,474,802 6,438,313 241 164 310,019 192,764 3,706 3,172 1,693,859 1,423,362 2,802 2,268 831 777 73 127 630,498 396,974 3,043,216 3,046,135 6,022,391 J.^ \^X ** l\^JJ , ^^\J ■ i ■ . . ...--..- 6,936,160 Oakland, Cal 1905 190O 250 196 9,186,361 5,172,596 391 264 411,069 246,250 3,362 2,476 2,076,877 1,209,967 2,573 1,667 663 669 226 140 858, 092 322,474 4,340,714 2,703,972 9,072,539 6,368,258 Ogden, Utah 1905 1900 64 51 2,363,964 865,964 116 66 114,668 47,199 1,083 678 758,204 365,476 911 666 136 87 36 25 164,488 62,517 1,694,316 679,447 2,997,067 1,242,214 Ogdensbiirg, N.Y 1905 1900 65 74 2,722,466 1,663,608 89 86 88,819 68,420 929 809 341,049 306,366 631 580 288 215 10 14 106,809 84,633 2,263,349 1,601,354 3,057,271 2,260,889 Oil City, Pa 1905 1900 37 42 4,672,176 3,803,811 174 105 178,692 138,351 ■ 1,613 1,683 958,514 878, 264 1,569 1,632 33 48 11 3 151,344 119,704 1,366,963 3,687,813 3,217,208 5,164,059 Oklahoma City, Okia . . . 1905 1900 89 36 3,922,464 472,844 145 33 142,312 24,202 720 220 422, 209 101,185 665 212 37 2 18 6 364,240 22,836 2,362,328 617,069 8,670,730 846,065 Olean, N. Y 1905 1900 41 47 4,971,899 6,744,661 79 116 115, 642 120,787 1,176 1,793 623,875 841,393 1,024 1,748 106 11 45 34 236,372 246,042 3,297,457 4,816,073 4,677,477 6,210,156 Omaha, Nehr 1906 1900 318 307 34,557,961 32,966,435 966 791 1,079,796 766,724 5,822 6,276 3,203,768 2,602,707 4,476 4,326 1,299 883 47 68 4,270,867 3,495,099 42,893,426 19,928,091 54,003,704 38,074,244 Orange, N.J 1905 1900 66 74 3,441,183 1,359,523 157 50 191,614 45,894 2,450 1,640 1,312,002 911,944 1,927 1,304 520 311 3 25 810, 639 105,632 2,641,886 1,679,900 6,150,635 2,995,688 rtnTilro^h Wis 1905 1900 135 129 8,312,335 7,052,731 331 270 367,956 265,358 4,863 4,226 2,110,628 1,628,389 4,197 3,407 606 484 161 335 863,954 666,766 4,462,483 4,282,187 8,796,705 WSXliiO oil, >* IS....-..-..- 8,080,999 Oskaloosa, Iowa 1905 1900 47 39 616,660 404,638 68 29 49,165 21,986 421 317 188,115 136,948 296 249 121 61 4 17 73,411 35,932 321,238 222,844 779,894 503,914 OsweffO N. Y. 1906 1900 77 76 6,710,292 7,002,072 280 251 331,114 339,023 3,746 3,457 1,461,814 1,378,159 2,648 2,626 1,047 794 151 137 623,118 648,388 4,716,991 4,312,433 7,692,126 Vow c^yjf ii» j.....-- 7,486,637 Ottawa 111 1905 190O 64 67 2,488,608 2,652,288 83 108 123,165 117,466 1,127 1,020 617,857 454,782 1,022 908 67 107 38 5 218,623 133,982 772,636 751,252 2,078,129 \/ V^'O/^i O/j .iAA ........ 1, 737, 884 Ottumwa, Iowa 1905 1900 62 61 4,993,169 3,233,121 223 182 228, 279 167,653 2,304 1,820 896,332 698,735 1,921 1,495 343 178 40 147 446,404 177,036 8,532,946 6,900,216 10,374,183 8,683,006 fiTVPTisboro. Ky..,. 1905 1900 63 £1 3,327,263 1,959,868 189 116 166,769 77,634 1,418 1 890 614,008 276,448 1,267 784 124 65 27 41 587,663 1 139,350 2,026,300 914,530 4,187,700 ^^ V¥ vii*J w^^* ^f f J ■■...-- Ij 740, 128 568 MANUFACTURES. Table 17.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 544 MUNICIPALITIES HAVING A POPULATION IN 1900 OP AT LEAST 8,000: 1905 AND 1900— Continued. Cen- sus. Num- ber ol estab- hsh- ments. Capital. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. ■WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. Miscella- neous expenses. Cost of materials used. Total. Average number. Value of products, in- cluding custom work and repairing. MtrNICIPAlITT. Num- ber. Salaries. Average number. Wages. Men 16 years and over. Wom- en 16 years and over. Chil- dren under 16 years. 1906 1900 44 44 $3,073,262 1,595,544 136 78 J97,673 84,223 1,547 1,154 $664, 214 476,308 1,371 1,063 157 67 19 34 $233,327 109,584 $1,839,005 1, 280, 291 13,109,232 2,066,052 1905 1900 84 70 4,393,176 2,559,349 291 124 271,666 99,477 2,841 2,061 1,185,255 794,866 2,336 1,760 388 165 117 146 562,491 214,007 1,845,201 1,336,346 4,443,223 2,976,931 1905 19C0 17 19 678,997 659,660 41 33 45,080 34,076 644 481 310,013 245,283 536 476 2 1 6 4 20,961 17,502 306,415 349,062 735 162 704,162 Paris, Tex 1906 1900 29 27 979,804 669, 644 46 30 45,415 22,614 210 263 105,070 96,927 206 253 4 7 3' 49,8&5 26,768 . 527,966 460,833 854,930 743,329 Parkersburg, W. Va 1905 1900 68 72 3,310,278 2,358,313 156 107 164, 100 103,227 1,444 1,237 693,843 607,503 1,358 1,153 71 64 16 SO 237,165 184,437 2,487,981 1,885,825 3,778,139 3,100,688 Pasadena, Cal 1906 1900 46 28 . 766,389 312,663 84 22 80,235 14, 960 318 177 228,971 77,036 269 118 42 52 7 7 67,085 20,553 420,745 126,858 966 695 330,678 Passaic, N.J 1905 1900 96 70 28,611,310 18,377,299 776 403 1,072,996 622,644 11,000 6,399 3,866,098 2,374,445 5,315 4,012 5,232 2,176 453 211 2,249,836 1,076,552 13,109,651 7,417,998 2'' 782 725 12,804,805 Paterson, N.J 1906 1900 513 487 53,695,535 46,893,628 1,8.59 1,199 2,163,909 1,688,313 28,509 28,642 13,001,645 11,843,098 18,164 17,697 9,162 9,409 1,183 1,436 6,365,010 4,898,731 27,440,733 25,064,780 64,673,083 48,602,044 Pawtucket, E. I 1906 1900 186 191 27,178,438 20,451,309 737 495 1,039,791 716,465 12,054 10, 712 5,100,309 4,331,007 6,504 5,848 4,780 3,928 770 936 2,346,167 1,752,847 14,111,683 9,976,710 25,846,899 19,271,582 1905 1900 76 86 7,653,767 4,339,092 200 146 260,296 149,317 3,953 2,661 1,989,580 1,273,004 3,637 2,497 290 161 26 3 664.969 235, 290 6,747,709 6,073,711 10,236,669 6,943,736 Peekskill.N. Y 1905 1900 46 37 3,894,811 1,426,738 156 86 218,150 94,670 1,957 1,281 1,025,135 619,736 1,474 802 478 SS3 5 6 3,414,485 89, 984 2,281,880 760,965 7,251,897 1,782,977 Pekin,IU 1905 1900 44 39 1,645,012 1,307,989 4S 25 48,168 24,300 418 405 218,836 208,609 404 399 8 4 6 2 93,265 66,912 619,395 575,222 1,005,796 1905 1900 39 32 2,146,689 1, 157, 907 120 39 132,487 34,465 1,206 578 476,043 245,768 1,192 666 5 4 9 18 212,676 77,276 819, 647 502,360 1,936,751 1,053,422 1905 1900 265 291 22,243,821 26,638,370 782 686 875,000 708,970 5,998 6,996 3,. 306, 893 2,872,353 5,4,3s 5, 294 492 650 68 62 : 37,874,872 24,822,086 16,0.50,664 12,984,629 60,920,411 44,569,371 Perth Amboy, N.J 1905 1900 63 47 11,583,382 6,373,836 346 167 400,267 185,361 3,950 2,006 1,827,055 919,522 3,412 1,959 471 34 67 12 864,001 290,999 30,316,381 11,346,833 34,800,402 14,061,072 1906 1900 47 39 1,689,923 1,050,268 67 49 58,141 44,695 1,206 1,136 522,634 421,967 1,027 1,020 133 81 46 35 167, 601 69,299 774,736 670,624 1,703,417 1,338,248 Petersburg, Va 1905 1900 72 77 4,562,214 3,174,641 281 222 240, 142 207,997 3,288 3,608 866,364 792,006 1,984 1,992 1,063 1,287 251 329 469,716 571,373 3,794,L'46 3, 114, 990 5,890,674 6,293,527 Philadelphia, Pa 1905 1900 7,087 7,603 620,178,654 44,5,726,392 22,839 17, 498 26,396,245 18,931,020 228,899 214, 775 107,640,307 94,737,389 163,681 , 144, 293 61,830 58,037 13,388 12,446 1 55,449,026 39,854,009 333,352,212 295,174,969 691,388,078 319,981,812 Phtllipsburg, N. J 1905 1900 32 34 6,723,185 3,308,422 no 74 178,575 104, 408 3,148 2,216 1.472,182 887,231 2,382 1,608 704 602 62 6 472,060 187, 884 3,666,046 2,803,163 6,684.173 4,684,886 Phoenixville, Pa 1905 1900 31 32 7, 460, 700 6,819,787 96 111 140, 485 107,028 2,88.S 2,249 1,313,575 910, 357 2, 366 1,874 416 246 106 130 404260 205, 441 3,023,479 1,846,871 5,499,891 3, ,321, 599 Pine Blufl, Ark 1905 1900 36 37 2,830,080 1,644,191 112 91 166, 430 76,852 2,0.37 990 871,762 443, 120 1,969 976 17 7 SI 7 185, 913 75, 726 1,642,063 788,893 2, 989, 242 1,540,637 1905 1900 76 68 3, 196, 410 3, 616, 352 170 193 209,912 200,625 2,044 1, 965 946, 545 913,688 1,647 1,677 386 277 11 1 367,976 223, 407 1,908,020 3,609,926 4,035,706 5, 562, 184 Pittsburg, Kans 1905 1900 35 33 1,613,669 749, 708 102 28 107,272 • 27,037 964 882 566,856 422,903 921 851 25 19 18 12 102,247 38, 502 885,790 911, 103 1, 824, 929 1,433,850 1905 1900 1,177 928 202, 424, 240 160,570,413 6,976 3,929 7, 146, 220 4,291,809 66,229 62,540 31,640,678 28,018,045 49,288 46, 358 6,407 4,653 1,5.34 1,629 14,521,511 11,080,989 97,945,328 97, 625, 551 165.428.881 165.002,687 Plttsfleld, Mass 1906 1900 44 69 8,035,094 6,666,574 292 205 459, 467 242,941 4, 455 3,198 2,081,744 1,270,696 2,786 1,816 1,554 1,274 115 108 804, 156 458,375 4,628,722 3,077,978 8, 577, 358 5,753.546 1905 1900 40 27 1, 613, 780 902, 432 63 41 ■ 71,605 38,569 830 357 307, 423 158,217 504 285 274 69 62 3 207, ,300 65,771 728, 326 622,702 1,474,928 997, 789 Plainfleld, N. J 1905 1900 49 32 S, 101, 343 2,449,634 246 121 237, 840 138,825 1,986 1,384 1,025,716 761,070 1, 4.56 1,260 623 122 7 2 469,275 217,897 1,153,739 812,914 3, 572, 134 2, 437, 434 Plattsburg, N. Y 1905 1900 39 39 2,06,5,973 1,872,199 86 58 75, 461 39, 463 750 621 328, 463 214,253 685 387 166 228 i' 66,018 87, 403 510, 106 523, 996 1,056,702 1,043,136 Plymouth, Mass 1905 1900 36 27 7,910,189 4,321,802 88 81 141,415 103, 644 2,300 1,511 963,829 614,280 1,804 1,214 45S 254 38 43 443,278 169,581 8,568,018 3,563,708 11,115,713 5,530,015 1905 1900 25 24 683, 254 469,628 56 37 34, 344 20,341 972 756 231,898 138, 762 146 128 643 400 184 228 66, 467 82,946 4.59, 390 240,801 532,835 1906 1900 47 47 2,066,869 1,295,488 141 109 134, .334 79, 466 1,296 1,092 587,564 422,019 1,151 944 140 147 5 1 241,618 84,597 1,735,106 1,602,236 2,470,887 GENEEAL TABLES. 569 Table 17.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 544 MUNICIPALITIES HAVING A POPULATION IN 1900 OF AT LEAST 8,000: 1905 AND 1900— Continued. WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES. SALARIED 1 OFFICIALS, 1 Cen- Num- ber ol CLERKS, ETC. Total. Average number. Miscella- Cost of Value of products, in- cluding MUNICIPALITY, sus. estah- lish- Capital. Wom- Chil- neous expenses. materials used. custom work and mjnts. Num- ber. Salaries. Average number. Wages. Men 16 years and over. en 16 years and over. dren under 16 years. repairing. Port Huron, Mich 1905 75 $5,427,664 274 $190,033 2,679 $1,384,131 2,446 228 5 $466,128 $2,321,600 $4,789,589 1900 78 3,148,546 216 137,973 2,026 933,278 1,876 140 10 226,306 1,761,949 3, 626, 816 Port Jervis, N. Y 1905 39 1,139,681 92 76,329 1,300 587,818 952 340 8 101,623 717,230 1,635,216 1900 33 578,292 42 29,990 896 360,421 666 219 11 40,043 492,851 1,009,081 Portland, Me 1905 243 6, 280, 298 569 486, 371 4,346 2,073,189 3,248 1,055 42 926, 392 4,354,382 9,132,801 1900 234 5,318,421 406 370,626 3,763 1,679,012 2,777 966 20 479, 619 3, 603, 391 7,333,760 Portland, Oreg 1905 437 19, 724, 841 1,026 1, 266, 157 8,171 6, 342, 166 7,110 973 88 1,900,416 17,024,303 28,661,321 19O0 408 11,632,813 663 732, 369 5,380 2,703,669 4,589 665 126 850, 346 10,177,328 16,903,707 Portsmouth, N. H 1905 27 2,630,867 68 95,781 638 348,486 601 136 2 736,828 888,353 2,602,066 1900 38 3,912,085 94 112, 161 1,.323 666,542 990 328 5 810, 173 1,875,171 3,961,062 Portsmouth, Ohio 1005 84 5,478,18.5 419 367,708 5,112 1,979,139 3,766 1,173 173 613, 422 4, 222, 910 7,970,674 1900 100 3, 825, 611 365 302,397 4,163 1,341,179 3,073 982 98 740, 669 3, 404, 492 6,658,441 Portsmouth, Va 1905 28 564,015 59 46,003 551 184,584 430 73 48 55,980 486, 111 945, 439 1900 22 815,142 53 38, 258 471 132, 412 299 144 28 63,197 614,229 960, 173 Pottstown, Pa 1905 1900 77 65 6, 419, 713 4, 683, 351 271 169 296,239 135, 468 3, 457 2,681 1,616,626 1,166,608 2,869 2,275 408 311 180 95 332, 374 .373,762 6, 437, 601 4,844,639 8,144,723 7,357,503 PottsvlUe, Pa 1905 79 3,304,092 136 150,333 1,904 768, 666 1,266 495 143 470,034 4,025,015 6,805,788 1900 77 3,106,694 139 105, 498 1,699 560,730 1,099 471 129 335, 626 3, 429, 917 4, 829, 806 Poughkeepsie, NY 1905 108 6, 657, 465 349 366,989 3,775 1,640,760 2,510 1,156 110 494,731 3,633,169 7,206,914 1900 lis 5,181,830 185 230, 956 2,810 1,236,086 2,186 661 63 366, 807 2, 981 , 108 5, 676, 662 Providence, E. 1 1905 881 95,666,407 3,051 3, 818, 597 .39,804 19,664,968 26, 643 11, 410 1,751 7, 196, 102 49,973,310 91,980,963 1900 929 79, 686, 394 2, 493 3,053,324 38,368 16, 931, 442 25,676 11,073 1,619 6,077,732 42, 660, 664 78, 667, 103 Pneblo, Colo 190S 1900 80 69 2,039,751 1,183,852 114 70 128,817 70,020 941 790 660,901 468,129 863 711 76 76 3 4 167,345 98, 472 940,878 671,610 2,197,293 1,439,609 Quincy , 111 1905 1900 234 198 9, 469, 944 6,442,811 700 408 642,634 363,635 4,602 3,816 2, 205, 770 1,601,534 3,807 3,082 712 614 83 119 1,461,575 702, 837 6, 187, 502 4,350,840 10,748,224 7, 918, 728 Quincy, Mass 1905 1900 161 153 9, 220, 870 1, 885, 842 345 113 440, 498 100, 292 5,371 2,128 3,059,663 1,145,011 4,903 1,896 428 233 40 986, 537 196,777 3,704,090 909,236 8,982,446 3, Oil, 950 Racine, Wis 1905 1900 148 135 26,433,684 16, 206, 631 1,239 845 1,270,669 837, 650 6,604 6,138 3,165,086 2,711,531 5,453 4,964 946 997 106 177 3, 127, 746 961, 114 7,142,942 5,926,406 16,468,966 11, 676, 150 Raleigh, N. C 1905 1900 42 39 804, 449 727,954 104 104 77,962 68,086 585 549 226,787 220,035 502 497 74 29 9 23 100,948 61,916 611,769 432,954 1,086,671 947,018 Reading, Pa 1905 1900 404 403 27, 605, 865 26,934,188 1,286 941 1,116,997 866, 116 18,315 16,892 7, 366, 161 6,682,602 12,349 12, 537 4,473 3,344 1,493 1,011 2,962,103 4,678,141 16,824,0.30 10,996,018 30,848,175 32, 682, 061 Revere Mass ... . . 1905 1900 12 • 17 764,675 388,188 14 8 13,583 7,904 125 87 65,893 46,382 123 81 2 5 i' 59,278 16,318 249, 486 50,864 356,060 ^v\> » \yi\j. III CI..J.J ........'•- 155, 813 Riclmiond, Ind. 1905 1900 98 88 9, 608, .386 5,043,583 448 345 477,616 321,602 2,970 2,688 1,380,844 1, 182, 795 2,630 2,362 326 333 14 3 875, 172 277,732 3,000,924 2,231,277 6,731,740 4,753,646 Kichmond, Va 1905 1900 281 262 31,952,847 16,203,927 1,086 976 1, 184, 174 1,076,774 12,883 12,868 4,641,803 3,973,704 9,043 8,400 3,645 3,821 196 647 5,363,979 6,449,966 13, 102, 042 10,376,140 28,202,607 23,048,363 Roanoke Va ........ 190S 1900 54 38 2,656,626 1,915,647 331 194 306, 040 161,857 .3,089 2,431 1,525,963 1, 106, 948 2,934 2,368 110 38 46 25 333,834 103, 454 3,232,133 3,592,884 5,644,907 6,397,993 AV \JO/l^\J *^\'' J ' *j/»»««*.»— ••- Rochester, N. H 1905 1900 38 43 2,018,187 1,986,661 98 56 91,158 56,340 1,648 1,792 675,904 674, 711 1,214 1,283 424 413 10 96 211,788 119,233 2,027,271 2, 389, 679 3,229,166 3,478,718 Rochester, N. Y 1905 1 119 71,529,724 4,295 4,592,139 32,440 15,042,978 21,625 10,317 498 11,414,460 38,801,710 82,747,370 1900 1,221 45, 210, 446 3,061 3, 130, .523 28,049 11,366,646 18,297 8,839 913 8, 163, 254 28, 244, 520 59, 668, 969 Rock Island 111 1905 1900 72 66 7, 203, 466 4,761,784 266 184 292,235 189,698 1,703 1,886 895,366 961,951 1,605 1,773 89 96 9 16 962,748 323,860 2,580,373 2,683,204 6,332,967 4,621,530 J-lf^^^'W A fcJlt**.»VJi J JrJi* •■-*•#-- Ropkford IlL 1905 180 14,158,601 618 668,736 7,239 3,608,384 5,863 1,244 132 223 1,414,824 694, 178 8,066,001 6,201,968 15,276,129 11,021,650 ^.t/\J\,O^J.\/ ^\* J J.ii- ■---••----' 1900 169 13, 613, 301 430 406, 470 6,861 2, 396, 969 4,664 1,064 Ropkland Me 1905 1900 50 47 2, 382, 333 1,604,610 69 43 46,865 32, 193 949 716 434,065 294,801 870 564 76 142 3 20 87,306 94,481 961, 487 708, 116 1,822,591 1,243,881 ^tf\Jl^i^HJJ*-M.\^ t Ji" ^* *-■»••-•-»- Rome N. Y 1905 1900 89 87 6,722,491 3,508,897 187 135 247,380 147,221 3,209 2,274 1,392,240 868,794 2,616 1,604 627 592 67 78 615,619 262, 163 6,693,867 3,462,048 8,631,427 6,548,622 ^tf\7JJ^\j J J.^» .*••*--••.»■*-- Rutland. Vt 1905 1900 51 61 2,180,206 1,981,377 115 122 111,2,58 97,993 1,803 1,496 867, 484 643,530 1,350 1,116 452 376 1 4 239,345 107,001 1,162,028 835,637 2, 522, 866 1,969,056 XV W It^CU t^L^x f T */■.•...•■•""" Sacramento, Cal 1905 1900 157 111 7,47.3,036 6,856,278 376 170 420,933 202,334 4,216 3,686 2,962,908 2,618,734 3,869 3,389 277 270 70 27 781,991 619,766 6, 354, 733 6,344,907 10,319,416 9,494,633 Hft(n'Tiftw Mich.... 1905 1900 180 184 7,613,216 7,041,286 674 357 509,896 354,843 4,682 4,206 2,096,998 1,672,354 4,131 3,841 489 340 62 24 1,087,624 643, 676 5,511,927 5,084,101 10,403,608 8,662,978 UUgmjiw , au.xvLi. ......•.- fit Oloud Minn 1905 1900 40 30 1,001,190 608, 878 44 60 43,660 37,687 657 607 352,626 266, 387 646 501 8 6 3 116,993 52,236 1, 284, 509 1,076,591 1,994,476 1,560,782 Otn V/lUW^i Ji*LiiiJ ■....••.• 570 MANUFACTURES. Table 17.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 544 MUNIOrPALITIES HAVING A POPULATION IN 1900 OF AT LEAST 8,000: 1905 AND 1900— Continued. MUNICIPALITY. St. Josepli, Mo St. Louis, Mo St. Paul, Minn Salem, Mass Salt Lake City, Utah . . . San Antonio, Tex Saji Diego, Cal San Francisco, Cal San Jose. Cal Sandusky, Ohio Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Sault Ste. Marie, Mich . . . Savannah, Ga Schenectady, N . Y Scranton, Pa Seattle, Wash Sedalia, Mo Selma, Ala Shamokiii, Pa Sharon, Pa Sheboygan, Wis Shenandoah, Pa Sherman, Tex Shreveport, La Sioux City, Iowa Sioux Falls, S. Dak Somerville, Mass South Bend, Ind South Bethlehem, Pa. . South Omaha, Nebr . . . tiouthbridge, Mass Cen- sus. 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 3905 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1906 1900 3905 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 Num- ber oJ estab- lish- ments. 219 184 2,482 2,646 614 537 143 162 192 164 141 113 67 2,261 1,748 160 124 93 81 35 44 33 122 82 103 83 258 247 467 352 46 80 106 123 157 131 CapitaU $9,734,073 8,016,398 265,936,670 160,526,899 36,401,282 26,659,214 9,669,984 6,947,431 6,336,786 3,356,008 5,259,322 3,928,568 1,991,202 989,581 102,362,378 69,643,100 4,421,290 2,980,492 6,727,369 4,453,326 3,484,683 1,489,963 1,6,34,372 312,602 7,999,690 3,764,675 22,050,746 13,605,792 19,160,787 18,983,780 22,343,545 7,681,598 1,307,297 1,152,468 879,422 672,751 1,114,931 684,962 4,839,448 4,133,906 12,576,799 7,481,799 739,812 312,675 1,618,492 748,222 2,696,088 1,229,011 6,888,592 5,257,983 1,748,022 927, 128 10,263,892 9,603,426 26,317,744 17,826,061 18,068,512 8,046,689 20,664,155 16,382,386 3,794,646 4, 144, 168 SALAEIED OFflCIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Num- ber. 678 467 11, 381 8,867 2,108 2,079 281 214 492 266 344 190 65 43 5,190 3,413 261 189 265 142 50 157 70 24 339 197 771 303 746 560 727 145 62 310 198 144 71 373 276 101 67 397 224 788 621 306 264 875 769 91 Salaries. WAGE-EARNEES AND WAGES. Total. $579,079 449,094 13, 474, 841 10,078,516 2,202,237 1,874,656 268,937 202,354 522,074 233,486 406,789 229,703 59,970 41,808 6,629,948 3,929,372 247,190 146,032 267,964 136,119 56,861 119,724 88,654 18,493 357,290 204,260 916,025 296,636 840,262 709,648 852,692 560,608 79,952 63,293 60,625 72,720 26,970 29,270 169,771 76,784 377,671 248, 127 17,913 11,024 68,270 64,998 166,845 60,272 333,490 271 , 436 93,053 42,448 431,171 230,591 856,986 666,423 395,462 320,924 949,694 735,731 199,049 94,214 number. 4,663 5,095 82, 698 64,832 14,363 13,019 6,945 6,625 2,776 2,154 2,457 2,683 541 255 38,429 32,655 1,864 1,221 2,323 1,463 895 317 3,230 2,249 14,316 8,494 10,912 11,139 6,390 4,440 897 762 1,644 1,827 6,034 4,992 170 107 491 314 1,226 736 2,299 2,463 465 311 3,474 3,528 9,015 7,678 5,764 4,645 5,662 6,327 3,223 2,687 Wages. $2,071,881 1,997,736 42, 642, 368 29, 146, 127 7,210,757 5,323,517 2,505,708 2,390,066 1,703,841 1,177,283 1,362,020 1,666,672 391,774 148,430 25,015,427 17,258,604 943,406 566,525 1,028,019 671, 174 283,500 210,789 461,710 153,262 1,320,329 978,618 9,382,360 4,966,627 4,428,077 4,387,700 4,318,080 2,681,609 503,061 399,354 296,244 254,721 259,989 196,600 897,910 2,166,128 1,662,296 284,843 135,782 691,443 319,882 1,263,076 1,169,079 248,200 151,674 1,752,611 1,720,818 3,991,362 3,135,666 2,752,672 2,112,992 3,210,335 3,115,078 1,306,463 1,123,249 Average number. Men 16 years anc over. Wom- en 16 years and over. 2,773 2,829 1,799 2,186 62,626 48,870 16,772 13,670 10,673 9,605 3,658 3,154 3,853 3,482 1,880 1,978 2,289 1,785 443 308 2,204 2,456 206 207 497 225 37 28 30,192 24,360 7,597 7,424 1,200 791 607 410 1,817 1,261 463 168 413 296 177 304 867 303 16 11 2,978 2,169 232 78 13,288 7,474 984 946 6,631 7,370 3,180 2,727 6,763 4,130 696 248 754 655 207 244 641 669 24 17 271 258 619 420 1,610 1,799 26 14 5,083 4,381 646 286 132 98 35 7 460 241 25 41 1,187 710 27 22 2,078 2,103 162 307 379 284 82 24 3,114 3,164 319 334 7,338 6,414 1,383 1,066 6,168 4,339 437 218 6,243 6,787 270 212 2,127 1,836 931 717 Chil- dren under 16 years. 91 81 3,300 2,392 32 260 212 165 44 61 20 640 771 12 3 20 2 44 74 1,201 1,042 31 62 13 10 3 13 306 325 Miscella^- neous expenses. 32 294 208 149 165 134 $1,125,977 832,958 37,183,096 27,404,021 4,473,388 2,959,230 577,861 351,640 791,926 340,008 974,635 611,266 129,189 74, 132 12,474,338 6,850,396 517,333 266,866 709,750 356,077 388,674 97,069 213.482 60; 166 524,866 346,745 1,692,012 675,780 2,047,236 1,590,398 2,134,294 824,245 185,982 50,231 59,629 70,349 76,413 91,057 220, 123 196,342 1,006,846 643, 116 186,498 90,345 130,200 71,527 318,294 71,481 . 710,961 569,257 239,786 127,893 945,966 600,704 1,380,820 901,011 1,274,355 881,779 2,156,229 1,692,696 147,028 213,885 Cost ol materials used. $6,819,697 6,942,018 137,739,927 101,838,142 19,487,692 15,912,582 7,921,159 6,583,499 3,514,928 1,976,599 3,741,122 2,951,158 1,136,303 281,197 75,945,898 66,635,251 3,969,048 1,860,073 2,136,401 1,207,460 701,793 678,330 1,426,725 278,585 3,254,199 1,807,497 16,497,228 9,926,064 11,253,248 17,220,172 14,357,808 8,863,836 824,926 674,567 627,404 861,810 1,025,597 699,847 3,213,239 2,263,966 6,702,650 3,711,756 181,282 93,771 2,207,995 1,070,107 1,311,327 900,605 11,395,808 10,129,658 1,065,693 321,628 19,175,935 16,721,003 8,201,236 6,840,511 7,260,642 4,861,757 59,192,689 61,017,930 2,280,138 1,782,005 Value of products, in- cluding custom work and repairing. $11,673,720 11, 361, 939 267,307,0.38 193,732,788 38,318,704 30,056,079 12,202,217 10,711,026 7,643,983 4,278,928 7,402,262 6,988,681 1,974,430 137,788,233 107,023,567 6,388,445 3,291,641 4,878,563 2,833,506 1,709,073 1,334,329 2,412,481 728, 169 6,340,004 3,750,000 33,084,451 17,604,859 20,453,285 24,741,837 25,406,674 15,322,531 1,691,727 1,283,390 1,138,817 1,419,466 1,443,915 1,147,460 4,776,914 3,764,983 10,086,648 6,906,757 694,637 301,646 2,841,066 1,461,469 2,921,923 1,666,113 14,760,751 14,227,068 1.897,790 '883,624 22,966,197 20,064,619 16,321,151 12,959,866 15,276,411 9,964,054 67,415,177 69,508,899 4,201,853 3,612,171 GENERAL TABLES. 571 Table 17.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 544 MUNICIPALITIES HAVING A POPULATION IN 1900 OF AT LEAST 8,000: 1905 AND 1900— Continued. Cen- sus. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Capital. SALARIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. (TAGE-EARNEES AUD WAGES. Miscella- neous expenses. Cost of materials used. Total. Average number. Value of products, in- cluding MUNICIPALITY. Num- ber. Salaries. Average number. Wages. Men 16 years and over. Wom- en 16 years and over. Chil- dren under IB years. custom work and repairing. Spartanburg, S. C 1905 1900 35 2S $2,860,039 2,334,585 69 33 $71,594 40,560 1,650 1,361 $347,991 270,062 932 666 396 368 322 337 $135,062 81,400 $1,544,078 906,522 $2,127,702 1,591,325 Spokane, Wash.......... 1905 1900 188 84 5,407,313 2,211,304 619 207 551,051 194,665 2,428 1,060 1,668,570 616,587 2,297 996 129 62 2 2 960,563 297,426 4,699,588 2,033,127 8,830,852 3,756,119 Springfield, Til 1905 19U0 122 106 5,264,117 3,458,950 357 174 383,285 164,159 3,071 2,199 1,638,610 1,037,233 2,517 1,833 533 345 21 21 627,603 398,610 2,490,301 1,411,686 6,796,637 3,467,045 Springfield, Mass 1905 1900 296 2TS 24,081,099 16,071,199 1,188 848 1,499,186 982,007 10,623 8,152 5,645,289 3,974,686 7,908 5,827 2,316 2,196 300 130 3,026,444 1,685,014 12,379,844 8,892,245 25,860,250 18,155,071 Springfield, Mo 1905 1900 82 79 3,925,785 1,929,514 204 108 192,075 88,750 2,168 1,710 1,127,567 863,383 2,042 1,657 62 31 5'i 22 233,774 107,968 3,392,184 1,990,851 5,293,315 3,433,800 Springfield, Ohio 1905 1900 160 164 19,923,462 13,844,136 870 1,282 962,153 1,101,719 6,347 6,299 3,298,376 3,014,749 6,861 5,890 482 386 14 23 1,799,439 1,235,757 5,909,245 5,289,414 13,654,423 12,11,5,941 Stamford, Conn 1905 1900 62 49 7,526,057 4,813,085 417 281 438,917 260,590 3,341 2,445 1,722,108 1,193,049 2,843 2,137 363 229 135 79 555,919 414,387 2,329,735 1,700,362 5,890,416 3,920,010 Steelton, Pa 1905 1900 IS 18 18,642,853 6,266,038 440 271 594,249 274,189 4,666 4,762 3,040,773 2,084,206 4,670 4,665 64 86 32 21 1,317,250 924,394 10,749,763 9,936,263 15.745,628 14,034,34a Steubenville, Ohio 1905 1900 72 54 12,627,048 2,302,563 255 88 321,178 73,959 4,184 1,773 2,328,434 734,244 3,791 1,434 267 148 136 191 684,111 204,234 8,243,063 2,406,184 12,369,677 4,547,049 Stevens Point, Wis 1905 1900 37 33 952,539 1,136,713 56 35 64,801 27,683 598 592 215,674 248, 137 482 529 102 44 14 19 91,211 46,073 868,087 871,320 1,516,072 1,314,449 Stillwater, Minn 1905 1900 36 32 2,827,939 2,172,094 203 76 175,509 85,135 965 829 454,345 357,718 906 816 50 12 i' 425,453 150,207 1,484,642 1,050,428 2,784,113 l,801,0ia Stockton, Cal 1905 1900 110 91 5,219,963 4,453,993 144 137 165,326 150,508 1,333 1,185 £04,057 650,097 1,166 1,094 170 67 7 24 362,388 242,667 6,849,949 3,987,243 8,029,490 5,525,391 Streator, lU 1905 1900 34 42 1,378,838 937,143 60 41 67,726 43,549 1,544 1,283 1,034,914 602,032 1,417 1,037 17 66 110 180 78,835 93,600 584,333 362,040 1,888,894 1,244,978 Sunbuiy, Pa..... 1905 1900 32 29 1,137,811 1,863,040 66 72 56,929 50,531 1,457 968 678,095 357,745 986 719 390 199 81 50 83,389 163,942 1,702,068 1,158,494 2,592,829 1,868,157 Superior, Wis. 1905 1900 72 75 5,768,352 5,691,306 174 148 181,926 164,314 1,343 1,765 746,283 786,776 1,266 1,640 60 93 17 32 335,640 383,753 4,647,849 5,026,035 6,356,981 6,835,496 Syracuse, N. Y 1905 1900 638 630 38,740,651 28,928,312 1,728 1,264 1,960,187 1,315,821 14,678 11,809 7,129,707 6,303,407 11,463 9,520 2,882 2,060 233 229 4,250,826 2,944,374 16,171,650 12,548,331 34,823,751 26,546,297 Tacoma, Wash 1905 1900 237 174 13,268,613 6,790,332 523 288 598,067 322, 420 4,892 3,552 3,208,531 1,954,915 4,675 3,430 209 87 8 36 1,215,726 497,228 15,836,685 6, 340, 670 22, 803, 169 10, 301, 353 TamDa, Fla ......... 1906 1900 141 70 6,013,649 3,820,805 631 179 645,289 237,960 5,831 3,919 3,677,932 1,900,547 4,874 3,356 943 562 14 1 1,602,938 578,973 4,661,202 3,365,647 11,264,123 J. Ci'L^-i^VJJ .*. ±tM m * B.........V 7,082,693 Taunton, Mass 1905 1900 127 114 14,790,187 11,266,904 294 313 467,963 417,744 6,608 6,590 3,146,556 3,042,936 4,817 4,768 1,569 1,497 222 326 1,200,006 852,911 7,687,084 5,640,021 13,644,586 11,544,150 Terre Haute, Ind 1905 1900 188 143 10, 126, 426 8,454,007 464 326 507,371 334,771 6,551 4,679 3, 465, 434 1,952,762 6,707 3,731 726 937 118 11 13, 372, 403 15,207,840 10,393,753 7,368,662 29,291,654 26,295,629 Tiffin Ohio 1905 1900 87 75 2,713,897 2,251,856 135 100 124,966 75,202 1,645 1,238 663, 860 524, 113 1,130 997 514 235 1 6 317,346 187, 700 1,000,219 807,619 2,434,602 1,901,962 Titusville. Pa 1905 1900 62 49 3,755,446 2,301,040 99 64 132, 147 91,992 1,101 998 536,936 424,794 1,010 . 909 89 80 2 9 243, 355 156, 497 1,895,041 1, 400, 387 3,249,890 X XvUw ¥ iJLX^jf -^ tv«.......p." 2, 511, 129 Toledo Ohio 1905 1900 599 445 38, 643, 390 23,788,291 2,293 1,162 2,291,688 1,142,884 15,759 12,747 8,125,761 5,575,629 13,563 10, 496 2,140 1,997 66 255 5,482,006 2,686,405 25,680,856 19,397,193 44,823,004 X W*v^i»J, X^ AAAV' ....•■..-■■- 31, 976, 094 Topeka, Kans 1905 1900 154 145 6,597,468 3, 303, 948 386 280 386, 471 216, 412 3,953 2,874 2,146,282 1,704,903 3,491 2,690 417 161 45 23 703, 401 300,500 10,232,793 5, 277, 778 14,448,869 8, 366, 774 Torrington, Conn 1905 1900 43 37 9, 156, 773 6,039,306 194 146 270,283 211,604 4,026 3,161 1,95.3,126 1,500,199 3,433 2,760 451 296 141 105 661,095 348,213 5,914,776 6,260,866 9,674,124 9,178,320 Traverse City, Mich 1905 1900 46 36 1,934,426 869,507 66 63 83, 398 44,200 1,108 909 434, 190 391, 631 920 796 154 96 34 17 157,064 54,673 1,098,107 515, 497 2,176,903 1,201,318 TrPTiton N. J . , ■ . . . 1905 1900 312 246 41,623,232 24,624,592 1,043 739 1,342,640 903,263 14,252 13, 138 7,000,731 6,003,316 11,247 10,525 2,618 2,310 487 303 2,633,047 1,865,553 17,692,467 16,681,063 32,719,945 X X CJ-I UWAi, il» V ■#■■•-.■•*- 28, 458, 068 Troy, N. Y 1905 1950 311 327 32,697,084 25,273,773 1,409 972 1,542,409 1,267,727 19, 114 22,933 7,852,718 8,876,008 7,730 7,422 11, 181 15,207 203 304 5,842,341 2,504,369 13,746,280 11,462,156 31,860,829 28,738,800 TvIpt Tex 1905 1900 21 16 318,712 320,801 30 36 30,690 32,849 368 431 192,291 234,688 366 420 9 2 3 9 43,370 34,441 311,460 351,816 628,666 681, 694 1 y ivi } J- oA. ..••••••-••■-- Union, N. J 1905 1900 77 57 7,294,574 5,353,924 104 92 183,252 164,086 1,856 1,376 875,126 664,574 890 808 868 662 98 6 704, 777 868,395 1,391,911 1,408,284 3,612,451 3,403,136 nticA N. Y 1905 1900* 333 311 21,184,033 17,898,119 937 788 1,084,362 735,625 10,882 8,898 4,477,092 3,275,527 6,460 5,270 4,163 3,027 269 601 2,519,205 1,917,839 12,773,547 8,193,968 22,880,317 16,479,327 V W««, Ai. X •.•--••••••-- 572 MANUFACTURES. Table 17.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 544 MUNICIPALITIES HAVING A POPULATION IN 1900 OF AT LEAST 8,000: 1905 AND 1900— Continued. MUNICIPALITY. Vicksburg, Miss Vinceimes, Ind Wabash, Ind Waco, Tex Wakefield, Mass .". . . Wallawalla, Wash Waltham, Mass Ware, Mass Warren, Ohio Warren, Pa Warwick, E. I Washington, D. C Washington, Ind Waterbury, Conn Waterloo, Iowa Watertown, Mass Watertown, N. Y Watertown, Wis Waten'Ule, Me Watervliet, N. Y Waukegan, III Wausau, Wis Webb City, Mo Webster, Mass Wellston, Ohio West Bay City, Mich. . . West Chester, Pa West Hoboken, N. J Westfield, Mass Weymouth, Mass Wheeling, W. Va Cen- sus. 1905 1900 1905 1900 190S 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1906 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Capital. 4R2 491 143 124 196 178 I 81,255,409 1,144,925 2, 214, 288 1, 455, 447 2, 901, 371 2, 126, 468 2,142,183 1,768,225 2,840,949 3,090,442 1,063,186 707, 671 10, 692, 723 8, 776, 658 2,704,880 3, 188, 927 2, 730, 433 2, 881, 755 5, 861, 540 2,724,270 8,253,4% 8, 317, 637 20, 199, 783 17,960,498 764, 236 402, 547 32,950,166 21,967,318 3, 352, 491 ,1,151,811 5, 168, 661 4,168, 613 11,628,018 7,938,316 2, 528, 204 1, 630, 776 4,051,297 3,721,256 1,439,341 1, 692, 970 4, 140, 832 771,281 3,815,163 2,773,553 198, 64C 181,275 6,622,513 3,687,724 2, 478, 954 804,242 2,086,340 1, 728, 823 1,670,681 1,051,113 6,017,875 3,732,428 6, 887, 995 4,157,088 3,651,857 4, 332, 658 18, 227, 622 12, 274, 707 BALAEIED OFFICIALS, CLEEZS, ETC. Num- ber. 65 124 128 70 221 179 214 ]26 206 69 119 67 1,006 957 1,173 595 283 105 225 119 291 206 141 41 156 102 111 63 259 172 233 2.50 140 216 589 407 Salaries. S90, 310 55, 182 105,785 55, 121 98,050 70, 913 141, 443 93, 659 163, 842 95,850 62,763 16,690 370, 344 255,298 239,557 157, 267 223, 786 71, 128 186,937 115, 639 1,206,609 871, 882 67, 230 13, 165 1,620,784 912, 331 243, 648 76,982 235,018 163,940 393, 726 266, 842 70, 363 48,061 116,094 49,640 122, 615 78, 359 137,567 40,497 181,924 109,020 ■ 10, 342 6, 7.52 125,059 51, 182 59, 312 15,485 83, 311 57, 244 102,291 47, 733 258, 071 161,627 312, 340 321, 212 154, 574 285, 750 676, 666 409, 372 WAGE-EAENERS AND WAGES. Total. Average number. 1,031 987 1,280 1,032 947 1,004 1,804 1,436 242 213 6,208 4,861 2,530 2,486 1,605 1,832 1,361 1,050 6,153 6,465 6,299 6,155 972 674 16, 406 13, 225 1,674 3,322 1,935 3,375 3,223 744 505 2,011 1,926 1,214 1,OUO 825 495 1,945 1,716 138 126 3,107 2,377 618 297 1,564 1,884 849 497 3,662 2, 733 2, 634 2,370 1,841 1,922 7,216 6,190 Wages. $523, 878 421. 286 686, 767 344, 161 535, 640 464, 386 439, 803 371, 930 827, 708 711,176 181, 277 131,601 3, 239, 661 2, 370, 884 894, 151 808, 519 737, 855 775, 254 761,683 485, 766 2, 144, 139 1, 825, 520 3,658,370 3, 022, 906 465,200 294,630 8, 015, 798 6, 691, 467 884, 624 379, 405 1, 665, 431 930, 789 1, 801, 560 1,589,010 320, 876 161, 730 738, 298 627, 314 623. 287 373,922 455, 690 180, 718 807,459 610, 876 70, 741 61,895 1,141,571 812, 370 326, 449 152, 888 , 738, 650 738, 636 411,894 233, 729 1, 276, 369 1,059,031 1, 345, 570 1,077,483 927,004 877, 878 3,842,659 2,678,630 Average number. Men 16 years and over, 1,002 933 1,389 781 1,162 943 711 717 973 1,064 233 203 3, 526 2, 825 1,221 1, 237 1,097 1,560 1,312 998 3,S10 3,178 5,614 5,360 952 569 10,948 9,411 1,477 741 2,111 1,227 3,0.56 2,873 427 1,129 1,003 772 602 739 394 1,808 1,680 121 119 2,066 1,680 607 290 1,646 1,847 1,550 1,193 1,994 1,834 1,323 1,429 6,662 4,618 Wom- en 16 years and over. 91 113 206 233 783 366 2,658 2,002 1,128 1,070 407 256 44 50 1,821 1,737 611 722 17 3 4,120 .3, 473 187 38 1,092 674 310 334 136 57 749 742 426 372 82 99 40 76 10 7 89:i 630 11 4 16 11 24 20 1,726 1,468 601 609 608 1,185 1,537 Chil- dren under 16 years. 181 179 522 650 338 341 119 34 133 181 97 158 167 286 72 368 135 Miscella- neous expenses. Cost of materials used. Value of products, in- cluding custom work and repairing. $97, 603 64, 114 288,018 129,828 154, 062 68, 114 282, 748 190, 114 315, 561 166,282 119, 162 63, 603 616, 113 552, 400 203, 135 97, 194 641,614 190, 629 449,582 305, 728 367, 91,0 323,219 2,724,840 1,941,118 45, 099 1.3,811 2, 546, ,592 1, 312, 507 347, 249 63, 273 409, 053 145, 765 544, 634 400, 421 1,36.832 102,079 317,718 182, 643 220, 748 141, 137 237,946 51,039 414, 735 338, 037 19, 372 9,000 280, 121 274,229 114,202 24, 734 243, 456 182, 118 238, 269 69, 252 970, 189 671,296 876, 359 309, 548 337, 378 290, 797 2,312,259 1,796,777 $992, 806 715, 975 1, 785, 682 941,005 1,119,540 957, 668 1,778,587 1, 326, 371 2, 8-37, 569 1, 253, 888 929, 437 621, 109 2,067,294 1, 888, 577 2, 300, 176 1, 814, 663' 2, 048, 402 2,643,487 3,74.3,029 2, 153, 897 3, 847, 894 2, 440, 625 7,7,31,971 7, 475, 216 537, 647 391, 866 17, 770, 142 18,202,221 2,749,265 1, 342, 796 5,628,635 3, 499, 183 4, 088, 804 3,708,306 1, 349, 012 831,311 1, 773, 478 1,045,374 894, 397 732, 865 2, 958, 264 338, 294 2, 549, 176 1,908,389 394, 603 213,748 3,940,5.38 2,461,993 708,073 656, 440 1,767,136 2,030,090 673,985 316, 798 3,122,0.39 2,629,058 2, 251, 337 2,084,882 2,997,873 3,177,689 13,806,723 8,406,903 $1,887,924 1,367,832 3,172,279 1,979,342 2,202,932 1, 679, 055 2,979,800 2,293,631 4,807,728 2, 647, 130 1. 486. 791 964, 434 7,149,697 6. 889. 792 3, 783, 695 3,071,400 4, 41 4, .379 4, 584, 603 6,976,905 3, 681, 254 7,051,971 6, 019, 989 18, 359, 159 16, 426, 408 1, 166, 749 784,917 32, 367, 359 30, 330, 300 4, 693, 888 2,088,222 15, 524, 675 6,330,026 8,371,618 6, 887, 831 2,065,487 1, 410, 979 3,069,309 2, 283, 536 1, 507, 299 3,961,513 732, 794 4, 644, 467 3, 380, 557 637, 965 353, 566 5,867,769 4,007,872 1, 384, 295 978, 779 3,187,693 3, 234, 800 2,121,185 859,424 5, 947, 267 4, 769, 436 8,818,130 4,440,797 4,921,955 5, 388, 531 23, 297, 474 16,074,345 GENEEAL TABLES. 573 Table 17 — COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 544 MUNICIPALITIES HAVING A POPULATION IN 1900 OF AT LEAST 8,000: 1905 AND 1900— Continued. MUNICIPALITY. Wichite, Kans Wilkesbarre, Fa.... WOMnsburg, Pa.... Willianisport, Pa... Willimantio, Conn. . WUmtngton, Del Wilmington, N. C. .. Winona, A^inn Winston, N. C Wobum, ila ss Woonsocket, R. I... Worcester, Mass Xenia, Ohio Yonters, N. Y York, Pa Youngstown, Ohio. ZanesTllle, OMo Cen- sus. 1905 WOO 1905 1900 1905 190O 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 190O 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 1905 1900 Num- ber of Ush- meuts, lin 103 131 138 117 142 247 262 103 104 470 465 106 107 233 241 119 103 102 115 Capital. $4,135,074 1, 665, 297 n,S-22,352 9,701,634 427, 186 216,0:i5 15,370,513 8,660,853 6,681,923 5,621,003 33, 226, 991 26, 489, 873 1,925,712 1,758,074 6,087,146 5,312,626 9,211,802 3,969,337 4,426,928 2, 832, 232 15,461,523 13, 954, 136 48,771,852 41, 384, 128 1, 850, 484 1,217,643 33,731,085 12, 239, 123 15, 137, 500 8, 794, 165 42,370,660 22,063,859 5, 602, 702 4,119,504 SALAKIED OFFICIALS, CLERKS, ETC. Num- ber. 227 121 22 460 358 119 78 1,112 922 162 92 251 186 238 81 51 357 .162 2,043 1,326 81 45 464 308 791 414 315 323 Salaries. $238,714 98, 537 493,287 381,091 22,565 3,988 496,625 320,298 138,658 87, 327 1,269,812 1,066,933 136, 160 73, 770 281,585 183,101 433, 356 282,446 106,653 63,417 455, 681 256, 451 2,376,913 1,706, 139 87, 128 55,831 720,599 437,488 703,050 416,497 936, 284 478, 369 314, 163 245,519 WAGE-EAENEES AND WAGES. Total. number. 1,262 863 6,067 4,749 184 100 5,452 4,717 2,852 2,258 13,554 14,498 1,667 1,553 1,953 1,965 4,850 2,894 1,482 1,356 8,672 /,591 22, 796 22,693 1,144 911 9,779 7,555 8,431 6,851 8,577 8,679 3,722 3,405 Wages. $606,694 379, 480 2,537,324 1,745,316 127,013 61, 823 2, 101, 873 1, 767, 052 1,057,405 833, 415 6,530,629 6,697,403 632,966 476,368 985,596 368,605 783, 221 616,600 3,550,343 2,863,780 11,825,275 11,280,925 383, 916 300, 153 4,518,647 3,263,587 3, 193, 299 2,345,770 5,718,979 4,729,620 1,826,222 1,265,308 Men 16 years and over. Averaee number. 1,105 764 3,523 2,721 3,845 3,050 1,443 1,035 11,286 12,428 1,484 1,257 1,727 1,865 2,628 1,474 1,379 1,108 5,195 4,573 17,392 17,890 862 740 6,032 4,543 5,563 6,051 8,556 2,916 2,632 Wom- en 16 years and 2,047 1,671 1,391 1,377 1,265 1,061 1,809 1,597 150 210 218 83 1,430 853 80 232 2,881 2,533 4,788 4,129 271 171 3,677 2,746 2,195 1,359 138 106 783 764 Chil- dren under 16 years. 497 457 216 290 144 162 459 473 792 567 696 485 616 574 266 Miscella^ neons expenses. $588, 097 92, 731 1,306,446 902, 402 26,817 13, 310 1,611,996 506,493 546, 303 182, 119 1,909,781 1,439,268 174,991 107,616 494,621 404,931 4,821,322 2,375,728 250,965 149,246 916, 236 546,416 4,863,659 3,796,027 214,230 63, 027 2,614,601 926, 693 1,761,863 708, 434 1,699,496 933,371 938,567 301,091 Cost of materials used. $5,426,979 2, 355, 494 5,352,450 4,309,123 234,667 125, 704 6,264,097 6,601,370 2,069,526 1,3.69,860 18,173,070 17,875,835 1,822,703 1,391,979 5,273,663 4,000,719 3, 842, 915 1,632,522 2,807,622 2, 878, 629 10,578,710 7, 169, 244 27,011,127 23,469,548 1,950,423 1, 871, 179 23,329,973 9,541,473 7,033,717 5,459,736 36,874,450 23,133,338 3,463,979 3,085,689 Value of products, in- cluding custom work and repairing. $7,389,844 3,329,097 11,240,893 8, 616, 765 471,960 246, 14S 11,738,473 9,725,726 4, 902, 447 3,022,862 30,686,810 3,156,458 2,283,253 7,850,238 6,013,517 11,353,298 4,887,649 4,654,067 4,002,576 19,260,537 14,744,900 52,144,965 46,793,372 2, 777, 715 2,460,249 33,548,688 17,303,690 14,258,696 10,559,780 48,126,885 33,908,459 7,047,637 £,708,137 APPENDICES (575) APPENDIX A. SCHEDULES." THE GENERAL SCHEDULE. Name of establishment. Name of corporation, firm, or individual owner I Slate County..! Location of factory: City or town Street and No. I Post office General office at Manufacturing establishments operated by the same corporation, Arm, or indi- vidual, and located in different counties, cities, or towns, must be separately reported. W'.\.SHixGTON, D. C, January S, 1905. Under the act of Congress approved Marcli 6, 1902, the Bureau of the (Jensus is charged with the duty of making a collection of the statistics of manufactures in the year 1905. The nature of the statistics and the method of collecting them are regulated by the provisions of this act and of the act of March 3, 1899. The canvass is to be made under the supervision of W. M. Steuart, chief statistician for manufactures. The information returned on this schedule should cover the busi- ness year of the establishment most nearly conforming to the year ending December 31, 1904. All answers will be held absolutely confidential. No publication wiU be made in the Census reports disclosing the names or opera- tions of individual establishments in any particular, and the infor- mation will be used only for the statistical purposes for which it was given. If mining or other business is carried on in connection with manu- facturing, the capital, employees, wages, expenses, products, etc., reported must pertain only to manufacturing. S. N. D. North, Director of the Census. Extract from act of Congress, March 3, 1899: Sec. 22. * * * "And every president, treasurer, secretary, director, agent, or other officer of every corporation, and every establishment of produc- tive industry, whether conducted as a corporate body, limited liability company, or by private individuals, from which answers to any of the schedules, inquiries, or statistical interrogatories provided for by this act are herein required, who shall, if thereto requested by the Director, supervisor, enumerator, or special agent, willfully neglect or refuse to give true and complete answers to any in- quiries authorized by this act, or shall willfully give false information, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not exceed- ing ten thousand dollars, to which may be added imprisonment for a period not exceeding one year." CERTirrCATE. This is to certify that the information contained in this schedule is complete and correct to the best of my knowlclge and belief, and covers the period from 190 - ■ , 190... to (Signature of the person furnishing the information.) (Signature of special agent.) All entries must be made clearly and neatly in ink. Amounts and values must he obtained from book accounts, if such accounts are available. Each question is to be answered. If any question is found not applicable and no amounts are reported, write the word "None." Do not duplicate any item of expense. 1. Character of organization: Designate the form of organization, as it existed on the last day of the period covered by the report, whether individual, firm, limited partnership, cooperative association, incorporated company, or some other form. 2. Character of industry: Specify the kind of goods manufactured, as, for exam- ple, cut nails, chairs, leather belting, men's clothing; or the kind of work done, as, for example, job printing, machine shop work. Return with the schedule a card or other printed matter describing the business 3. Capital invested — owned and borrowed: The answer must show the total amount of capital, both owped and borrowed. All the items of fixed and live capital may be taken at the amounts carried on the books. If land or buildings are rented, that fact should be stated and no valuegiven. If a part of the land or buildings is owned, the remainder being rented, the fact should be stated, and only the value of the owned property given. The value of all items of live capital, bills receivable, unsettled ledger accounts, materials on hand, stock in process of manufacture, finished products and cash on hand, etc., should be given as of the last day of the business year reported. Land S Buildings Machinery, tools, and implements. Bills receivable, unsettled ledger accounts, raw materials, stock in process of manufacture, finished products and cash on hand, and other sundries ; Total capital 4. Proprietors and firm members: Men, number Women, num- ber Give the number of proprietors and firm members, including both active and silent partners. Do not include stockholders of corporations. 5. Salaried employees: • Number. Total amount paid in salaries during the year. Salaried oflicers of corporations $ . . Superintendents, managers, foremen, clerks, and other salaried employees: $ Women $ Total S 6. Wage-earners, including pieceworkers: Do not include salaried employees reported above. Men 16 years and over Women 16 years and over. Children under 16 years. . . Total Greatest number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Least number employed at any one time dur- ing the year. Total amount paid in wages dur- ing the year. S-. s. 1 The general schedule is reproduced in full, but only those parts of the supplemental schedules which differ frorn the general schedule. MFG— FT 1—07 37 (577) 578 MANUFACTURES. Salaries and wages should include board or rent furnished as part compensa- tion. Foremen receiving wages and performing work similar to that of the men over whom they have charge are to be reported as wage-earners. If books do not show the separate amount of wages paid to men, women, and children, apportion the total wages for the year upon the basis of an average pay roll. Amounts paid for contract work, if not done by the regular employees, must not be included here, but reported in answer to Inquiry 8. 7. Average number of wage-earners, including pieceworkers, employed during each month: Do not include proprietors and firm members, or salaried officers, superintendents, managers, foremen, or clerks. MONTH. Men 16 years and over. Women 16 years and ■ over. Children under 16 years. January February March April May July October December . . . 8. Miscellaneous expenses: All items of expense incident to the business not ac- counted/or under Inquiries c, •:■, and must be reported here. ITEM. Amount. Amount paid for rent of factory or works, if any Amount paid for rent of power and heat $ S % Amount paid for rent of ofBces and buildings, other than the factory or works, and for interest, insurance, internal revenue tax, ordi- nary repairs of buildings and machinery, advertising, traveling expenses, and all other sundry expenses not reported under the head of materials ... S Total miscellaneous expenses s Amount paid, if any, for contract work 3 9. Materials used : The cost of all materials used during the year must be reported. If the establishment pays freight on any of the materials used, and the amount is not included in their cost, report the amount of this freight under "Amount of freight, if any, paid on the above." Used in raw state: Give the name and the cost of such materials as raw cotton, iron ore, etc., that have undergone no process of manu- facture. Used in partially manufactured form: Include materials that have passed through some process of manufacture, such as pig iron, steel, leather, etc. Givethename and cost of the principal articles. Mill supplies: Give the cost of lubricants, waste, and other supplies consumed in the running of machinery Cost. All other materials Total cost of all materials ■ S. Amount of freight, if any, paid on the above, not included in the il 10. Products: Give the total value or price at the factory or works and account for all products manufactured during the year, including by-products. The principal products should be separately enumerated and the total value given for each. If there are products other than those lor which separate values can be given, they should be enumerated so far as possible and their total value reported under "All other prc^ducts." The amount received for odd johs must be given as ' "custom work*and repairing." All other products Amount received for custom work and repairing. Total value of all products.. Value. 11. Classified earnings of wage-earners, including pieceworkers, for the week dur- ing which the largest number of persons was employed: For week ending , 1904. Distribute employees according to actual earnings (not rates) for one week only. If period of payment includes two weeks, or any time other than one week, reduce the pay roll to a weekly basis before entering the figures for this inquiry. Do not include proprietors, firm members, officials, superintendents, managers, foremen, or clerks. 'Cost' EARNINGS PER WEEK. Total. 1 Men 16 years and over, number. Women 16 years and over, num- ber. Children under 16 years, number. 1 $7 and over, but under S8. . S8 and over, but under S9 . . S9 and over, but under SIO . . . SIO and over, but under $12 . . S12 and over, but under S15. . S20 and over, but under $25 . . | 1 S25 and over Total number Total wages for the week. •S .5 S $ ! 12. Time the factory was in operation; Number of days in operation during the year 2SI umber of hours per day (under normal conditions) . Number of hours per week (under normal conditions) Extra time during the year, total number of hours . . 13. Power: a. Power owned — CLASS. Number. Total horse- power. Engines: Steam Gas and gasoline. Water wheels Water motors Electric motors (run by current generated by estab- lishment reporting) Other power (specify kind) . Power renti'tl to other establishments, if any— horsepower Power rented from other establishments, if any— electric power— number of motors, ; total horsepower of motors, Other power- kind, ; horsepower, Name and address oJ establishment supplying the power, SCHEDULES. 579 Location of factor Copy of Sample General Schedule. This specimen scliedule is prepared for the guidance and instruction of special agents. It must be careJully studied as an indication of the character ol the answers required to each question in the schedule. The quantities and values given in this sample schedule, for a hypothetical establishment, must NOT be used as an indication of the quantities and values that will be reported by an actual establishment. Name of establishment, John Slndtis and Company. Name of corporation, firm, or individual owner, Same. State, Jlichigan. County, Oraliol. City or town, Surmiiertov. Street and No., ■5 South .\[am st. Post office, Summerton. General office at No. .5 South Main st.. SumDicrton, Mich. (Manufacturing establishments operated by the same corporation, firm, or individual, and located in diUerent counties, cities, or towns, must be separately reported.) Washington, D. C, January 3, 1905. Under the act of Congress approved March 6, 1902, the Bureau of the Census is chai-ged with the duty of making a collection of the statistics of manufactures in the year 1905. The nature of the sta- tistics and the method of collecting them are regulated by the pro- visions of this act and of the act of March 3, 1899. The can\-ass is to be made under the supervision of W. M. Steuart, chief statistician for manufiictures. The information returned on this schedule should cover the busi- ness year of the establishment most nearly conforming to the year ending December 31, 1904. All answers will be held absolutely confidential. No publica- tion will be made in the Census reports disclosijig the names or operations of individual establishments in any particular, and the information will be used only for the statistical purposes for which it was given. If mining or other business is carried on in connection with manu- facturing, the capital, employees, wages, expenses, products, etc., reported must pertain only to manufacturing. S. N. D. NOKTH, Director of the Census. Extract from act of Congress, March 3, 1899; Sec. 22. * * * "And every president, treasurer, secretary, director, agent, or other officer of every corporation, and every establishment of productive industry, whether conducted as a corporate body, limited liability company, or by private individuals, from which answers to any of the schedules, inquiries, or statistical interrogatories provided for by this act are herein required, who shall, if thereto requested by the Director, supervisor, enumerator, or special agent, willfully neglect or refuse to give true and complete answers to any inquir- ies authorized by this act, or shall willfully give false information, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not exceeding ten thousand dollars, to which may be added imprisonment for a period not exceed- ing one vear." CERTIFICATE. This is to certify that the information contained in this schedule is complete and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief, and covers the period from January 1, 1904, to December 31, 1904- John Shultis. (Signature of the person furnishing the information.) J. J. Jacobs. (Signature of special agent.) All entries must be made clearly and neatly in ink. Amounts and values must be obtained from book accounts, if such accounts are available. Each question is to be answered. If any question is found not applicable and no amounts are reported, write the word ' ' None." Do not duplicate any item of expense. 1. Character of organization: Designate the form of organization, as it existed on the last day of the period covered by the report, whether individual, firm, limited partnership, cooperative association, incorporated company, or some other form. Firm. 2. Character of industry: Specify the kind of goods manufactured, as, for exam- ple, cut nails, chairs, heather belting, men's clothing; or the kind of work done, as, for example, job printing, machine shop work. Return with the schedule a card or other printed matter describing the business. Flour and feed. 3. (Capital invested — owned and borrowed: The answer must show the total amount of capital, both owned and borrowed. All the items of fixed and live capital may be taken at the amounts carried on the books. If land or buildings are rented, that fact should be stated and no value given. If a part of the land or buildings is owned, the remainder being rented, the fact should be stated, and only the value of the owned property given. The value of all items of live capital, biUs receivable, unsettled ledger accounts, materials on hand, stock in process of manufacture, finished products, and cash on hand, etc., should be given as of the last day of the business year reported. Land $200 Buildings $8,000 Machinery, tools, and implements $10, 000 Bills receivable, unsettled ledger accounts, raw materials, stock in process of manufacture, finished products, and cash on hand, and other sundries $10, 000 Total capital $26, 200 4. Proprietors and firm members: Men, number, ;?. Women, number,iVoTOe. Give the number of proprietors and firm members, Lncluding both active and silent partners. Do not include stockholders of corporations. 5. Salaried employees. Number. Total amount paid in salaries during the year. Salaried officers of corporations , .. . None. None. '1 None. Superintendents, managers, foremen, clerks, and other salaried employees: Men $320 Total $320 6. Wage-earners, including pieceworkers: Do not include salaried employees reported above. Men 16 years and over Women 16 years and over Children under 16 years. . , Total Greatest Least Total number number employed employed paid in wages dur- at any one during during the year. the year. . 6 i $2, m None. None. None. yonc. None. None. 6 4 S3. 172 Salaries and wages should include board or rent furnished as part compensa- tion. Foremen receiving wages and performing work similar to that of the men over whom they have charge are to be reported as wage-earners. If books do not show the separate amount of wages paid to men, women, and children, apportion the total wages for the year upon the basis of an average pay roll. Amounts paid for contract work, if not done by the regular employees, must not be included here, but reported in answer to Inquiry 8. 580 MANUFACTURES. 7. Average number of wage-earners, including pieceworkers, employed during each month: Donot include proprietors and firm members or salaried officers, superintendents, managers, foremen, or clerks. Men 16 years ■ and over. Women 16 years and over. January. . . February. March April May June July August September October. . . November , December. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. Children under 16 years. None. None. None.. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. 8. Miscellaneous expenses: All items of expense incident to the business not accounted for under Inquiries 5, 6, and 9 must be reported here. ITEM. Amount. Amount paid for rent of power and heat. . . . $600 Amount paid for rent of offices and buildings, other than the factory or works, and for interest, insurance, internal revenue tax, ordi- nary repairs of buildings and machinery, advertising, traveling expenses, and all other sundry expenses not reported under the head of materials S3, 800 Total miscellaneous expenses u,m Amount paid, if any, for contract work 9. Materials used: The cost of all materials used during the year must be reported. If the establishment pays freight on any of the materials used and the amount is not included in their cost, report the amount of this freight under "Amount of freight, ^f any, paid on the above." Used in raw stale: Give the name and the cost of such materials as raw cotton, iron ore, etc., that have undergone no process of man- ufacture. Wheat Corn Oats Used in partially manufactured form: Include materials that, have passed through some process of manufacture, such as pig iron, steel, leather, etc. Give the name and cost of the principal arti- cles. Mill supplies: Give the cost of lubricants, waste, and other supplies consumed in the running of machinery All other materials Total cost of all materials Cost. $89, 550 $26,400 $5, mo $50 $3.1 Amount of freight, if any, paid on the iiliov, not included in the "Cost." Included in above $125,390 10. Products: Give the total value or price at the factory or works and account for all products manufactured during the year, including by-products. The principal products should be scparatnly enumerated and thf total value given for each. If there are products other than those for which sepa- rate values can be given, tbcy should be enumerated so fji.r as possible and their total value reported under "All other products." The amount re- ceived for odd jolts must be given us "custom work and repairing." 19, 900 barrels of flour 660 barrels of corn meal. . £,914,000 pounds of feed.. 1,951,000 pounds of offal. All other products - . Amount received for custom work and repairing. Total value of all products $81,690 $1,680 $37,882 $24,874 $ None. None. $146, [ 11. Classi-led earnings of wage-earners, including pieceworkers, for the week during which the largest number of persons was employed: For week end- ing June SO, 1904. Distribute employees according to actual earnings (not rates) for one week only. If period of payment includes two weeks, or any time other than one week, reduce the pay roll to a weekly basis before entering the figures for this inquiry. Do not include proprietors, firm members, ofllcials, superintendents, managers, foremen, or clerks. EARNINGS PER WEEK. Total. Men 16 years and over, number. Women Ifi years and over, num- ber. Children under 16 years, number. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. 4 2 None. None. None None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. J, None. None. None. None. S3 and over, but under $4 .?4 and over, but under §5 . . . . 55 and over, but under S6 56 and over, but under $7 57 and over, but under S8 18 and over, but under $9 S9 and over, but under SIO SIO and over, but under S12... $12 and over, but under $15.. . S15 and over, but under S20.. . $20 and over, but under S25.. . S25 and over None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. . Total number 6 e None. Total wages for the S56 None. None. 12. Time the factory was in operation; Number of days in operation during the .\ear SOO Number of hours per day (under normal conditions) 10 Number of hours per week (under normal conditions) 60 Extra time during the year, total number of hours None. 13. Power: Nonr. ri.\ss. Number. Total horse- power. a. Power owned— Engines : Steam None. None. 2 None. None. None. None, Gas and gasoline Water wheels 180 None. Water motors Electric motors (run by current generated by establishment reporting) . . Other power (specify kind) None. I). Power rented to other establishments, if any— Horsepower, None. c. Power rented /rom other establishments, if any- Electric power— Xumljcr of motors, A'orir. total horsepower of motors. Other power— Kind, None; horsepower. None. Name and iiddress of establishment supplying the power. None. SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE-AGRICULTURAL IMPLE- MENTS. 1. Products: Give the total value or price at the works and account Jor all prod- ucts manulactured during the year, including by-products. Separately report the value of each clajs ot agricultural implements, as indicated. The total value of vroducts in this schedule must agree with the total in the General Schedule. SCHEDULES. 2. Kind and quantity dJ products— Continued. 581 KIND. Value. Seeders and planters S Implements of cultivation Harv^esting implements § Seed separators ith ti>e total in the General Schedule. Total 3. Machinery, etc. : If works are operated on triple turn this fact should be stated. The ' ' ton" when used as a unit of measure is the gross ton of 2,240 pounds. KIND. Unit of measure. Quantity. Rolling mills: Completed rolling mill or steel establishments Total daily capacity, double turn, of rolled iron and steel. In what part of your works do you use natural gas? Tons Bessemer steel or modified Bessemer steel converters: Bessemer, Clapp-Griffiths, Robert-Bessemer, Bookwalter, Evans-Wills, Tropenas, or other converters. Maximum capacity of each converter at each blow. . Total daily capacity of ingots, or direct castings, double turn. Open-hearth steel furnaces : Acid open-hearth furnaces and capacity of each furnace at each melt. Number Basic open-hearth furnbces and capacity of each furnace at each melt. 604 MANUFACTURES. 3. Machinery, etc.— Continued. Open-hearth steel furnaces— Continued. Total daily capacity, double turn, of acid open- hearth steel ingots or castings. Total daily capacity, double turn, of basic open- hearth steel ingots or castings. Crucible steel furnaces: Crucible steel melting furnaces Crucible steel pots that can be used at a heat Total crucible steel pots in works Unit of measure. Quantity. Total daily capacity of ingots or castings, double turn. Blister, German, and miscellaneous steel furnaces: Cementing, converting, or other furnaces Total daily capacity of blister, German, and mis- cellaneous steel, double turn. Tons. Number * Tons 4. Days in operation: On single turn Number of hours to a turn. On double turn Number of hours to a turn. On triple turn Number of hours to a turn . Idle : SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE— LEAD, SMELTING AND REFINING. (This schedule was not printed, but because of the small number required a typewritten form was used.) 1. Materials used: The cost of all materials used during the year must be re- ported. Separately report the quantity and value of the materials operated upon as indicated. If the establishment pays freight on any of the mate- rials used, and the amount is not included in their cost, report the amount of this freight under "Amount of freight, if any, paid on the above." If ores and concentrates were brought from mines and mills operated by the same owner, separately report both their quantity and cost as distinct from materials purchased; likewise if matte or crude bullion were brought from another smelter operated by the same owner; if the smelter was merely a department of the refinery, the quantity only should be reported. The cost may be the amount as charged upon the books of the establishment or as delivered at the smelter or refinery. The total cost of materials in the Gen- eral Schedule which will accompany this report, must be exclusive of refinery values for materials from the smelting department of the establishment reporting. The total cost of materials in this schedule must agree with the total in the General Schedule. SMELTEE. MATERIALS FROM MINE OR SMELTER OPERATED BY THE SAME OWNER. MATERIALS PUR- CHASED. Quan- tity. Cost, not including freight. Quan- tity. Cost, not including freight. Ores and concentrates, tons: i $ $ 3 Fluxes and other materials (specify class). s . $ REFINERY AND DESILVERIZING PLANT. S 1 S 8 1 s $ s Fuel Mill supplies (lubricants and other supplies consumed in the running of machinery) All other mater a!s Total cost of all materials Amount of freight, if any, paid on the above, not included in cost 2. Gross weight and fine metallic contents of all materials treated: Separately report the total quantity, in tons or pounds, of each class of materials treated and the assay contents or the bullion recovered from each class of materials or ores, concentrates, matte, etc.; that is, the silver, gold, lead and copper contents of the smelted product as shown by assay. Specify class of material embraced within the designation of "Other materials." Stock on hand should be given for January 1 and December 31 of thecalendar year 1904, or for the first and the last day of the firm's business year nearest to the calendar year ending December 31, 1904.. Gross weight (tons). FINE METALLIC CONTENTS. SMELTER. Lead (pounds). Silver (ounces) . Gold (ounces). Copper (pounds). Other metals (pounds). Total treated Materials from mines operated by the Purchased : Ores and concen- trates- Treated on tolls: Ores and concen- trates- Argentiferous Nonargentiferous Stock on hand and in process: December 31, 1904... REFINERY AND DESIL- VERIZING PLANT. Total treated 1 1 Dore bars 1 Base bullion: From smelting de- partment Treated on tolls, domestic Refined in bond and reexported . 1.^ i Stock on hand and in process: January 1, 1904 December 31, 1904... :l 1 Products: State character of product, whether matte or base bullion or Dote bars, etc. Specify class of product embraced within the designation of "Other products." Give the quantity and value of bullion sold and shipped to other refineries or returned to patrons. The total value of products in this schedule must agree with the total in the General Schedule. SMELTER. Quantity returned to patrons. Quantity sold. Soft lead, fine pounds Lead contents of base bullion line pounds. Silver, fine ounces Gold, fine ounces Copper contents of matte, flne pounds Other products (specify class of product) . , Amount of tolls received, S SCHEDULES. 605 3. Products— Continued. EEFINEEY AND DESILVERIZING PLANT. Lead, fine pounds: Hard or antimonial All other Dore bars (contents of precious metals) : Gold, fine ounces Silver, fine ounces.. Fine bars: Gold, fine ounces Silver, fine ounces Other products (specify class of product) . Amount of tolls received, $ thrill Q-"«ty to patrons. ''"'"■ Gross value of products sold. Soft lead S. Lead contents of base bul- lion ' $_ Silver .S. Gold S Copper contents of matte. . . $. Other products ' S. DEDUCTIONS. Tolls paid for refining. Freight. Commis- sions and selling expense. Net amount received. KEyiNERV AND DESILVEKI2- ING PLANT. Lead: Hard or antimonial. . . .5 s s $ s All other -- $ s s 1 s Dore bars: Gold -. S s s s $ Silver .. $ s s $ $ Fine bars; Gold .. s $ 5 $ s Silver .. s S- s s i ..1 s 8 s s $ 4. Contents of foreign ores treated: I Lead (pounds) Imported for consumption: Total From Mexico From British Columbia. From other countries (name each) Silver (ounces) Smelted and refined in bond and reexported: Total From Mexico ■ From British Columbia.. From other countries (name each) Gold (ounces) Copper (pounds). Other metals (pounds). 5. Average percentage of metals recovered in treatment during the year: PEECENTAGE OF ASSAY CONTENTS OF OKE,CONrENTRATES,OE MATTE SAVED IN .SMELTING. Lead. Silver. Gold. Copper. Ore Concentrates . Matte. 6. Name and location of mint, assay office, smelter, or refinery to which products were shipped during the year: Base bullion Dore bars Copper SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE— LEATHER GLOVES AND MITTEXS. Post office General office at (Factories operated by the same corporation, firm, or individual, and located in different counties, cities, or towns must be separately reported.) I. Materials used: Thecost of all materials used during the yearmust be reported. Separately report the quantity and value of the materials used, as indicated. If the establishment pays freight on any of the materials used, and the amount is not included in their cost, report the amount of this freight under "Amount of freight, if any, paid on the above." The total cost of materials in this schedule must agree with the total in the General Schedule. Unit of measure. Quantity. Deerskins Number of dozen . Sheepskins, domestic Number of dozen. Sheepskins, imported Number of dozen. Kid and suede, domestic Number of dozen. Kid and suede, imported Number of dozen Hogskins, domestic Number Hogskins, imported Number Horse and cow hide j Number of sides. AH other leather Fuel Cost. Mill supplies (lubricants, waste, and other supphes consumed in the running of machinery) All other materials Amount of freight, if any, paid on the above, not included in the "Cost" S-. s.. s.. s.. s.. s.. s., $.. s.. $. s. 2. Products: Give the total value or price at. the factory, and account for all products manufactured during the year, including by-products. Separately report the quantity and value of the products, as indicated. The total value of products in this schedule must agree with the total in the General Schedule. Number (dozen pairs). Value. Dress gloves, mittens, and gauntlets: Men's, lined Men's, unlined S. Women's, lined S. Women's, unlined S. Children's, lined S. Children's, unlined 1 S. 606 MANUFACTURES. 2. Products— Continued. 1. Materials used— Continued. Working gloves, mittens, and gi-untiets: Men's, lined Men's, unlined Women's, lined Women's, unlined Children's, lined Children's, unlined All other products Amount received for custom Work and repairing. Total Number (dozen pairs). Value. SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE— LEATHER, TANNED AND CURRIED. (Including also patent, enameled, and morocco.) ]. Materials used: The cost of all materials used during the year must be re- ported. Separately report the quantity and cost of hides, skins, tanning and , currying materials, etc., as indicated. If the establishment pays freight oa any of the materials used, and the amount is not included in their cost, report the amount of this freight under "Amount of freight, if any, paid on the above." Tanners who also do currying, and establishments engaged exclu- sively in currying, will please notice that under " Currying materials " the rough leather called for covers only that which is purchased in that condition. Where tanning, currying, or finishing is done for others who furnish the hides, skins, or rough sides, do not report under " Materials used " the cost of these articles, but simply the cost of the materials actually furnished by the estab- lishment doing the work. The total cost of materials in this schedule must agree with the total in the General Schedule. KIND. Unit of measure. Quantity. Cost. Hides and skins: Hides (ail lands) Number s s % % Number Number s Ail otlier sicins s Tanning materials: Hemlock bark Cords $ Oak bark Cords $ Bales . . ." $ % Oak bark extract Barrels % Quebraciio extract Barrels or bales % Tons s s All otlier materials used in tan- 1 ning. Currying materials: Rough leather,pKrcftascd rough Rough grains, purchased rough Rough splits, purchased rough. All other rough leather, pur- chased rough. Oil, stearin, dfigras, tallow, and all other materials used in currying. »" Sides % Sides % Sides $ Sides or whole hides. . % •? Fuel s Mill siipplies (lubricants, waste, and other supplies consumed in the running of machinery) Cost. All other materials Total Amount of freight, if any, paid on the above, not included in the ** Cost ' 2. Products: Give the total value or price at the tannery or shop and account for all products manufactured during the year, including by-products. Separately report the quantity and value of the products, as indicated. Under the several kinds of rough leather sold in the rough report the rough leather sold to curriers to be finished. If there are products other than those enumerated, their total value should be reported under " All other products, including by-products, etc." Establishments tanning, currying, or finishing for others should report imder "Amount charged for tanning, currying, or finishing for others" only the amount charged or received for the work. The estimated value of hides and skins tanned or curried for others is called for under Inquiry 'S, and these hides and skins are not to be accounted for under either In- quiries 1 or 2. The total value of products in this schedule must agree with the total in the General Schedule. KIND. Unit of measure. Quan- tity. Value. Rough leather, sold in the rough Rough leather, sold in the rough Rough grains, sold in the rough Rough splits, sold in the rough Sole leather: Oak Sides i Whole hides , Sides S s s Sides s Sides % Sides % Hemlock Sides s Upper leather (other than calf, kip, or colt skins) : Grain, satin, kangaroo, etc. Sides % (side leather) . Finished splits Number ,? Sides $ leather. ^ides % Coltskins : Whole skins $ Sides % Calf and kip skins, tanned and fin- ished : Flesh finished Number $ Grain finished Number % Patent and enameled % Goatskins, tanned and finished: Black Number % « Colored Number Sheepskins, tanned and finished Number Belting leather. Sides s Harness leather Sides.. - s Carriage leather $ Trunk, bag, and pocketbook leather. $ Bookbinder's leather Leather for manufacture of gloves s Furniture leather Number of hides s All other leather, including oflal leather All other products, including by-products, glue stock, etc Amount ehargdl for tanning, currying, or fnishing for others. Total SCHEDULES. 607 3. Custom work, stock tanned or finished for others; FOR TANNERS, CURRIERS, AND FINISHERS. FOR OTHERS, NOT TANNERS, CUR- RIERS, OR FraiSHERS. KIND. Num- ber. Estimated value after being tanned, curried, or finished. KIND. Num- ber. Estimated value after being tanned, curried, or finished. Hides tanned !i , Skins tanned '' s $ Sides curried s Sides curried $ Splits curried 1 s Skins curried'orfin- 1 Skinscurried orfln- ished. ' f ished. Total S Total s 1 (Give the number and estimated value of the hides or skins in whatever stage of the work they leave the tannery or shop. Special care is requested that these numbers and values be reported in the correct columns, namely, work which is done for other tanners, curriers, and finishers or work which is done for merchants or others who are Twt tanners, curriers, or finishers.) SUPPLEMENT-\L SCHEDULE— LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS. (Reports of planing mills connected with sawmills must be included with the reports of the latter in this schedule. Planing mills operated separately and inde- pendently must be reported in the General Schedule only. Reports should be secured for mills engaged in contract sawing, but not for mills engaged exclusively in local custom sawing.) 1. Capital Invested — owned and borrowed: The answer must show the total amount of capital, both owned and borrowed. If the land or other property is leased, that fact should be stated and no value given. If a part is leased and part owned, the fact should be stated and only the value of the owned property given. The value of all items of live capital, bills receivable, unset- tled ledger accounts, cash on hand, etc., should be given as of the last day of the business year reported. (a) In logging or timber plants: Land (Do not include timbered land or standing timber or cut or burnt-over land. See Inquiry 7) . BuUdings - Machinery, tools, and Implements (Include live stock, booms, chains, canals or chutes, logging railways, and equipment, etc.) Bills receivable, unsettled ledger accounts, logs and other products, and cash and other sundries on hand (for logging or timber plants conducted as independent establishments marketing their prod- ucts. Where a logging camp is conducted by a milling establishment, report under this item only logs awd bolts still in the woods or in transit to the mill) Total. ; 5. Wage-earners, including pieceworkers: GREATEST NUM- BER EMPLOYED AT ANT ONE TIME DURING THE YEAR. LEAST NUMBER EMPLOYED AT ANY ONE TIME DURING THE YEAR. TOTAL AMOUNT PAID IN WAGES DURING THE YEAR. Log- ging. Saw and planing mills. Log- Saw and Sini ' planing ** * mills. Log- ging. Saw and planing mills. Men 16 years and over. . « $ ? « S s Women 16 years and over Children under 16 years. 1 ■" Total % J Salaries and wages should include board or rent furnished as part compensa- tion. Foremen receiving wages and performing work similar to that of the men over Whom they have charge are to be reported as wage-earners. Amounts paid for contract work, if not done by the regular employees, must not be included here, but reported in answer to Inquiry 8 in the General Schedule. If books do not show the separate amount of wages paid to men, women, and children, apportion the total wages for the year upon the basis of an average pay roll. Include un- der "Logging" all wage-earners of this establishment engaged in logging opera- tions-felling, skidding, transporting, driving, etc.-from the stump to the mill SCHEDULES. 609 6. Average number of wage-earners, including pieceworkers, employed during each month: Do not include proprietors and firm members, or salaried offi- cers, superintendents, managers, foremen, or clerks. LOGGING. ■ SAW AND PLANING MILLS. MONTH. Men 16 1 Women ■ Children years j 16 years I under 16 and over, and over, years. Men 16 years arid over. Women 16 years and over. Children under 10 years. January February March i April ' ' ' May June July..... i August j October 1 Timbered land or standing timber — stumpage areas and varieties— cut or burnt-over lands— owned: ■ LOCATION. Area (acres) . Total stand of timber a, 000 feet B.M.). Species of tim- ber. STANDING TIMBER. State. County. Value. S S s. ... Total •■ $ $ SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE— MANUFACTUKED ICE. 1. Products: Give the total value or price at the factory and account for all prod- ucts manufactured during the year, including by-products. Separately re- port the quantity and value of ice. as indicated. If there are products other than those enumerated, their value should be reported under "All other products." The total value of vroducts m this schedule must agree with the total in the General Schedule. Can ice Plate ice All other products. Total Quantity, tons. Value. $. S. 2. Quantity and cost of ammonia used: ANHYDROUS. AQUA. TOTAL. Pounds. Cost. Pounds. Cost. Pounds. Cost. 1 1 s 3 S $ SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE— NEEDLES AND PINS. Products: Give the total value or price at the factory and account for all products manufactured during the year, including by-products. Sepa- rately report the quantity and value of products, as indicated. If needles and pins are made other than those enumerated, their kind, quantity, and value should be reported on some of the blank or unused lines. The total value of products in this schedule must agree with the total in the General Schedule. KIND. Unit of measure. Quantity. Value. Knitting machine needles: Latch S Spring.... . - . Number S Sewing machine needles: Common household dry-thread J % s Pins: Common or toilet Packs . Hair s Safety Gross % $ s s Hooks and eyes Gross. All othpr products (specify) : » $ Total SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE- LINOLEUM. -OILCLOTH AND Products; Give the total value or price at the factory and account for all products manufactured during the year, including by-products. Sepa- rately report the quantity and value of the products, as indicated. If va,rie- ties of oilcloth are made other than those enumerated, their kind, quantity, and value should be reported under "Other oilcloth." The total value of -products in this schedule must agree with the total in the General Schedule. Oilcloth: Floor Carriage floor Enameled Table Shelf Upholstery Other oilcloth (specify) . Linoleum (including cork carpet) Inlaid linoleum AU other products Amount received for custom work and repairing. Total Quantity, yards. Value. %. %. %. %. i. %. %. 8. %. i. %. li. $- —FT 1—07-^39 MFG — FT 610 MANUFACTURES. SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE— PAINTS AND VARNISHES. 1. Materials used: Separately report the kind, quantity, and cost of the principal materials used during the year which form a component part ol th^ products- The total cost of all materials should appear onlu in the General Schedule. 2. Products— Continued. KIND. Unit of measure. Quantity. Cost. S s It s 1 1 $ $ . . .. $ $ • 2. Products: Give the total value or price at the works and account for all prod- ucts manufactured during the year, including by-products. Separately re- port the quantity and value of the products, as indicated. The total value of products in tMs schedule muH agree with the total in the General Schedule. KIND. Unit of measure. Quantity. Value. 1 Pigments: $ (b) White lead, in oil S (c) Oxides ol lead (litharge, red lead, orange mineral, etc.) . Pounds s (d) I^ampblack and other carbon blacks . s.. $.... (/) Vermilion (true) Pounds... $.... (g) Fine colors, other than vermilion. . . (A) Iron oxides and other earth colors. . Pounds $ Pounds . % Pounds . s Pounds . $.... Paints: $ (6) Paints in oil, already mixed for use. . Varnishes and japans; Gallons . 3 s . (6) Spirit varnishes, not turpentine (c) Damar and similar turpentine and benzine varnishes. Gallons. . s... $ Gallons . $.. . $.... (/) Baking japans and lacquers $.... ig) Other products in this group Fillers: s s $ $ $ Water paints and kalsomine: (o) Water paints, dry or in paste .- (b) Water paints, already mixed for use. PnnTni.EC.21. That any supervisor, supervisor's clerk, enumerator, in- terpreter, special agent or other employee, who, having taken and subscribed the oath of .office required by this act, shall, without jus- tifiable cause, neglect or refuse to perform the duties enjoined on him In- this act. or shall, without the authority of the Director of the Census, communicate to any person not authorized to receive the same any information gained by him in the performance of his duties, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon convic- tion shall be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars; or if he shall willfully and knowingly swear or affirm falsely, he shall be deemed guilty of perjury, and upon conviction thereof shall be imprisoned not exceeding three years and be fined not exceeding eight hun- dred dollars; or if he shall willfully and knowingly make a false cer- tificate or a fictitious return, he shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction of either of the last-named offenses he shall be fined not exceeding five thousand dollars and be imprisoned not ex- ceeding two years. Sec. 22. * * * And every president, treasurer, secretary, di- rector, agent, or other officer of every corporation, and every estab- lishment of productive industry, whetlier conducted as a corporate body, limited liability company, or by private -individuals, from which answers to any of the schedules, inquiries, or statistical inter- rogatories provided for byjthis act are herein required, who shall, if thereto requested by the Director, supervisor, enumerator, or special agent, willfully neglect or refuse to give true and complete answers to any inquiries authorized l)y this act, or shall willfully give false information, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fini'd not exceeding ten thousand dollars, to which may be added imprisonment for a period not exceeding one year. Sec. 23. That all fines and penalties imposed by this act may be enforced by indictment or information in any court of competent jurisdiction. [Act ol Congress, March 6, 1902.] Be it enacted by the Senate and Ilovse of Representatives of the United States of America, etc. ***** * Sec. 9. That in the year nineteen hundred and five, and every ten years thereafter, there shall be a collection of the statistics of manu- factures, confined to manufacturing establishments conducted under what is known as the factory system, exclusive of the so-called neighborhood and mechanical industries; and the Director is hereby authorized to prepare such schedules a.s in his judgment may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this section; * * * APPENDIX C INSTRUCTIONS FOR EDITING AND REVISING THE SCHEDULES OF MANUFACTURES. The reports from manufacturera are prepared either by a repre- sentative of the establishment, or by an agent of the Bureau of the Census in conformity with information furnished by such repre- sentative. As a rule, therefore, they must be accepted as showing the general condition of the business for the census year of the establishment reporting. The Bureau is not justified in making any changes in values or quantities that will affect the general results except in cases of manifest error. The final revision of the reports mu.st be confined, therefore, to harmonizing the answers to the sev- eral questions, and detecting and correcting errors due to a misunder- standing of the questions, to the insertion of wrong figures, or to will- ful misstatement of facts. The person in charge of the work should be consulted before making any material change in the figures. In view of the close relation between certain questions in the General Schedule and the supplemental schedules, and the variety of information presented in the reports of different industries, it is important, in order that no point in the schedules be overlooked, that exact and uniform methods be followed in editing. The several questions in the schedule should be taken up in numerical order, each being considered both by itself and in con- nection with information given under questions that have more or less bearing upon it. The answers should be consistent with each other, and with the character and size of the establishment reported. The instructions in the schedule and in the book of instructions to special agents must be studied, and their application to each question fully understood. In addition to these, the following rules and suggestions must be observed : 1. All changes must be made neatly and plainly in red ink. Correct all indistinct figures. If a correction is necessary in one or two figures of a number, rewrite all the figures of the number. Be careful to have all corrections in the proper spaces to avoid con- fusion and error in tabulation. 2. Cents and fractions should in all cases be eliminated (except fractions of the total average numbers for the year, required in con- nection with Inquiry 7, and fractions of hours per day and hours per week, in Inquiry 12; these are referred to elsewhere); follow the Office rule of adding 1 if the fraction is more than one-half, or throwing the fraction away if less than one-half. 3. The totals gi^-en in answer to each question must be verified by the addition of the several items. If totals are not reported, they should be inserted in red ink by the examiner— not, however, until after all corrections have been made in the items. 4. Each schedule should first be examined to see that the estab- lishment comes within the scope of the <"ensus investigation. (See paragraphs 19 to 64, inclusive, instructions to special agents, for list of establishments not to be reported.) Refer all doubtful schedules to the section chief. The following are some of the principal points that should be considered in editing the answer to each inquiry: Title page: 1. See that schedule is filed in proper folio as to state, county, and city or town. Title page — Continued. 2. If report includes data for two or more factories not in the same city or town, report the fact to the section chief. 3. Verify classification from answers to Inquiries 2 and 10. 4. Compare time covered by certificate with answers to Inquiries 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 12. If certificate covers only a portion of the year, the entries under Inquiries 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 should represent the short period and not a full year. Any inconsistency between the certificate and the an- swers to these inquiries should be reported to the section chief. Inquiry 1: 1. Ownership must be either (1) individual, (2) firm or limited partnership, (3) incorporated company, or (4) other forms. The figure 1, 2, 3, or 4, indicating which form of ownership, respectively, must be placed on the left-hand margin of the schedule, opposite the answer. 2. Supply omission by reference to name on title page and from answers to Inquiries 4 and 5, or from. directories. 3. For individual, and firm or limited partnership. Inquiry 4 should be answered. Inquiry 2: 1. Should be in harmony with the answer to Inquiry 10, and with classification on title page. Inquiry S: 1. Items should be separately reported ; make segregation of com- bined items in proportion to separate items reported for plants of same industry and size. 2. If plant is rented, value should not be reported for land, build- ings, and possibly machinery, but amount of rental paid ■ must be reported in answer to the first item under Inquiry 8. 3. In stonecutting and charcoal manufacturing, and some other outdoor industries, neither \sl\ie of land and buildings nor rent is necessarily reported. 4. Each item of capital must be consistent with other items, with the total, with the character of the industry, and with the size of the establishment. 5. Patent rights, good will, etc., are not considered capital for census purposes. 6. Examine reports of small estaljlishments for common error of reporting entire value, or rent, for buildings, etc., where only a small part is actually used in manufacturing. Inquiry 4: 1. Must be consistent with Inquiry 1. 2. Should not be answered for incorporated or stock company, or cooperative association. 3. Should be answered for individual, and for firm or limited partnership. 4. All proprietors and firm members irrespective of salary should be reported here and not under Inquiry 5 or 6. 5. Supply omissions from name on title page, and from Inquiry 1. (637) 638 MANUFACTURES. Inquiry 5; 1. Only incorporated companies should report salaried officers of corporations. 2. Examine Inquiries 5 and 6 for duplications. .Small concerns reported by mail may report all or part of the wage-earners under Inquiry 5. When so determined, transfer to In- quiry 6. Inquiry 6: 1. Test the average annual wages for each class by dividing the wages by the average number obtained from Inquiry 7. If greater or less than the normal average yearly wage for the industry, refer to chief of section. 2. The greatest and least numbers employed at any one time should be, as a rule, above and below the average number for any month the factory was in operation as shown under Inquiry 7. The least number should represent a time when factory was in actual operation. 3. The total greatest number should, as a rule, agree approxi- mately with the total number reported under Inquiry 11. Inquiry 7: 1. In full year reports the average number, as computed for the year, should be, as a rule, between the greatest and least numbers of Inquiry 6 for each class. 2. Make corrections only for months during which factory was in actual operation. A small number reported for idle months should be allowed to stand. 3. Should an irreconcilable discrepancy appear between Inquiries 6 and 7, the total number reported under Inquiry 11, together with the circumstances of the particular case, should deter- mine which of the inquiries is to be corrected. 4. Care should be taken that Inquiries 6, 7, and 11 be consistent as to classes employed. 5. The character of the industry will largely determine the sex and age of employees. 6. After verifying the numbers, compute the average numbers for men, women, and children, respectively, and place the re- sults below the right-hand columns. To ascertain the aver- age number, divide the sum of the average numbers for all of the months by 12. 7. In computing these averages, the result should be carried to one decimal place; if the second decimal is over 6 raise the_^rsJ decimal by 1, otherwise disregard it. If the second decimal is exactly 5 without a remainder, add 1 to the^?'sJ decimal only when it is an odd digit. Always show the decimal point, even if there is no decimal, or if the quotient is a decimal only; for example, 4.0 and 0.5. The decimal point should be very distinct. 8. Combine the average numbers for men, women, and children thus obtained and place the result in the lower right-hand comer of the margin. 9. Inquiries 6 and 7, when not answered, can be calculated from Inquiries 11 and 12 for small establishments with few employees. Inquiry 8: 1. If land, buildings, or machinery, etc., or any part of them are reported as rented under Inquiry 3, amount paid for rent of factory or works must be shown. Segregate combined items of rent of office and rent of works proportionately. 2. If power is reported under Inquiry IS (c), as rented from another establishment, the cost of the same should be reported under the second item. 3. If plant is reported as owned. Inquiry S, amount paid as taxes should be reported, unless it is exempt from taxation. Inquiry 8 — Continued. 4. Rent of offices, insurance, interest, internal revenue, etc., should be consistent with the size of the establishment and the nature of the industry. For establishments paying in- ternal revenue tax, the amount here reported should at least equal the tax required by law for the product reported. Establishments manufacturing distilled liquors, as a rule, place their product in bond, the internal revenue tax being paid by the purchaser. In such cases, the internal revenue tax will not necessarily be reported. The following is a list of all manufactured products requiring internal revenue tax with the rates of taxation : MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS REQUIRING INTERNAL REVENUE TAX, AND RATE OF TAXATION. £)rtt«r.— Adulterated, 10 cents per pound. Process or renovated, J of 1 cent per pound. Cheese. — Filled, 1 cent per pound. Cigarettes. — Weighing not more than 3 pounds per thousand, SI. 08 per thousand. Cigars. — Weighing more than Z pounds per thousand, ?3.00 per thousand. Totacco.— Chew ing, etc., 6 cpnts per pound. Snuff. — 6 cents per pound. Distilled spirits.— %\.\(i per gallon. Fermented liquors.— 'Not more than 31 gallons per barrel, SI. 00 per barrel, and at proportionate rates for halves, thirds, quarters, sixths, and eighths of barrels. Oleomargarine .—Colored yellow, 10 cents per pound; free from colorar tion, } of 1 cent per pound. Plavinq cards.— Not more than 54 cards per pack, 2 cents per pack. 5. Amount paid for contract work should not include any part of amount reported as salaries or wages. Inquiries 5 and 6. 6. Some establishments, such as, for example, clothing, publish- ing, etc., have work done by contract outside the factory or office. The cost of such work may be erroneously reported as wages. When this is apparently the case, such amount should be transferred to "amount paid for contract work." Inquiry 9: 1 . See that materials are properly classified as ' ' raw " or " partially manufactured." and "all other materials." Consult classi- fied list appended for supplemental industries. 2. Fuel should be reported, as a general rule. MTiere steam- power is employed, and where welding, baking, smelting, etc. , are required as a part of processes of manufacture, as in machine shops, foundries, bakeries, and brickyards, alarge expenditure for fuel is usual. In such cases the cost of fuel should be supplied if omitted. 3. Establishments, such as sawmills, having waste products which can be used for fuel need not of necessity report cost of fuel. 4. Where power and heat are reported as rented under Inquiry 8 and Inquiry 13 (c), no fuel item need be supplied. 5. Cost of fuel for heating purposes only should not be supplied. 6. Mill supplies should be consistent with amount of machinery, character of industry, and size of establishment. 7. "All other materials" should include, in all cases, cost of packages, bottles, corks, labels, etc.. and, except for a few industries, should be a minor item. 8. Segregate combined items in proportion to corresponding items in schedules of same industry and same s-ize. 9. See that cost of materials in general and supplemental sched- ules are consistent as to amount and classification. 10. Where quantity and cost of specified materials are reported, see that cost per unit is consistent with average ruling prices of articles for the census year. EDITING AND REVISING SCHEDULES. 639 Inquiry 9 — Continued. 11. Under freitjht include also express charges. 12. Compute separately total cost of "raw" and "partially manu- factured" materials, and insert in red ink on margin of schedule. Inquiry 10: 1. Cioods manufactured should be consistent with classification and answers to Inquiries 2 and 9. 2. Value reported should he consistent with capital. Inquiry 3, amount of wages, Inquiry 6, and cost of materials. Inquiry 9. 3. "All other products" should include value of all products not specifically mentioned. 4. "Amount received for custom work and repairing" should include amounts for custom work and odd jobs, and repair- ing, etc. 5. In case of flour and grist mills, the value of custom-ground grain should be included with the merchant product. 6. Value per unit of goods manufa.(;tured must be consistent with average ruling prices of such articles during census year. 7. Ascertain whether schedule shows a profit or loss by compar- ing the sum of salaiies, wages, miscellaneous expenses, and cost of materials with the total value of products. When a loss appears without schedule being marked "correct" after total value, it justifies a more careful examination. ' Such schedules should be referred to chief of section. Excessive apparent gain should also be investigated. Railroad repair shops should show wo loss; as a rule, expenses and product should balance. 8. If schedule shows a total value of product of less than $500, refer to the section chief. Inquiry 11: 1. Verify both vertical and cross addition for number and total wages for week. 2. The total number of men, women, and children should be consistent with the numbers for each class shown under Inquiries 6 and 7. The total for each class will, as a rule, approximate the greatest number for each class. Inquiry 6, and in no case should the total in this inquiry fall below the highest average number shown for any one month under Inquiry 7. 3. In case of obvious inconsistency between the numbers re- ported here and under Inquiries 6 and 7, a computation of the possible maximum and minimum earnings for the week should be made and compared with the total wages for the week. If the total wages for the week does not lie between the possible maximum and minimum earnings and a cor- rection in the number of employees appears necessary, refer to chief of section. Inquiry 12: 1. The first three items must be properly answered for all estab- lishments except small publishing concerns where all the printing is done by contract and no regular office force or hours are kept. 2. Number of days in operation should be consistent with period covered by certificate and with the months in operation under Inquiry 7, due allowance being made for idle time and for "short time." Fractions of hours per day and per week should be reduced to one decimal place. 3. Number of hours per day and per week should be consistent with character of industry and prevailing conditions. 4. If number of days in operation is not reported, and the report indicates a full year's operation, and 12 months is normal time for such industry, supply 300 days. Likewise supply hours per day and per week in accordance with prevailing normal conditions in the same industry of establishments of the same size and same locality. Inquiry 12 — Continued. 5. Extra time should represent number of hours the factory was in operation above normal time during the year, and not the sum of the extra hours worked by all employees. If it is obvious that extra time represents the extra hours of all employees, reduce to factory time by dividing by the total average number of employees computed from Inquiry 7. 6. Where it is apparent that extra time includes all the time under normal conditions. pZus extra time, reduce by deduct- ing the normal time. Extra time is not to be reduced to a normal day's ba.sis and, therefore, not to be included in the number of days in operation. 7. The following is an example of the method for computing "days In operation:" 200 days at 10 hours per aay=2,000 hours. 50 days at 8 hours per day= 400 hours. 45 days at 6 hours per day= 270 hours. 295 days 10)2,670 hours. 267 days. This is taking 10 hours as the normal day's work, and thus the computation is exclusive of overtime or extra time, and the true answer is 267 days of 10 hours each instead of 295 days of varying hours. If it appears that extra or overtime is included in the calcu- lation, such extra time should be deducted as follows: 200 days at 12 hours per day=2,400 hours. 60 days at 8 hours per day= 400 hours. 45 days at 6 hours per day= 270 hours. 296 days 3,070 hours, less 200 days at 2 hours over- time 400 hours. 10)2,670 267 days. Ten hours being the normal day, this gives 267 as the correct number of days, with 400 hours to be entered under extra time. 9. The number of hours per day under normal conditions is not necessarily the number of hours worked each day during the major part of the year, since the factory may be working overtime the greater part of the year, but is governed, as a rule, by the general conditions prevailing in that industry in the same locality. 10. For factories working under normal conditions 24 hours per day, or working both day shifts and night shifts, the num- ber of hours per day may properly be 24 hours, or the sum of the hours of the shifts. 11. The number of days in operation should be exchisive of Sun- days, holidays, and all other days the plant was idle. Inquiry 13: 1. See that power is fully and properly reported for establish- ments which, according to nature of industry, should use power. 2. Power owned or generated should be fully described under section "a;" power rented or sold to other establishments, under section " 6; " and rented or bought from another estab- lishment, under section "c." 3. If power is bought or rented from others, the amount paid for same must be reported under the second item of Inquiry 8. 4. Waterpower and steampower, except when supplied by shaft- ing or belting, should be reported as owned. Hence, when waterpower is used and water wheels are either owned or rented with the plant, the power should be reported as owned. In such cases number of water wheels and engines must be reported or supplied. 640 MANUFACTURES. Inquinj IS — Continued. 5. Electric power, unless generated on the premises, should in all cases be reported as rented power. 6. Other power in the first section "a" should include only primary generators other than those enumerated in that section; dynamos are not to be included. 7. Supply omissions of horsepower of engines, etc., in accordance with average horsepower used by other establishments of same character and size. 8. Where' electric motors are reported under section "a" without any primary generators (as engines, water wheels, etc.) and electric power to run the motors is also reported as rented under section "c." the electric motors under "a" should be crossed out. 9. Electric current for lighting purposes only should be crossed out. 10. Water used to run water motors, or gas to run gas engines re- ported under "a," should not be treated as rented power under "c." 11. Fractional parts of one horsepower, when reported alone, should in all cases be increased to one horsepower. Supplemental schedules: 1. Suppletnental schedules must accompany the General Sched- ules for each of the 58 industries included in the appended list of industries for which supplemental schedules are pro- vided. 2. Prepare a supplemental schedule, when omitted, from infor- mation in General Schedule when practicable, after con- sulting the section chief. 3. Name, location, and certificate in supplemental and general schedules should agree. 4. Materials and products in the supplemental and general schedules must in the majority of cases agree. 5. Compare products in supplemental and general schedules and see that they agree both in total and detail. 6. Where there are two supplemental schedules, one of which is schedule of hy -products, the values in the hy -products sup- plemental must be transferred to the "All other products" of the supplemental schedule embracing the chief products of the establishment. The principal supplemental then must agree with the General Schedule. A memorandum must be made in both the general and the principal sup- plemental schedule as follows: "Value of products includes by-products, classified as {insert name of classification of by- product supplemental) to value of ? ." A memo- randum must also be made in the by-product supplemental as follows: "The value of the by-product here reported is included in the value of product for {insert classification of General Schedule or chief supplemental)." Mark by-prod- uct supplemental in red ink, "By-products," and return to the section chief. 7. Where a by-product requires a supplemental schedule and the chief products require only a General Schedule, the materials and value of. products on the supplemental and general schedules will not agree. A memorandum should be made on the by-product supplemental schedule, as pro- vided for in the preceding paragraph, and the supplemental returned to the section chief. 8. Examine carefully questions relative to special equipment and machinery, etc. When omitted, supply from other parts of schedule, where practicable, or from other reliable sources. Supplemental schedules — Continued. 9. In the following industries — Chemicals; Dyestuffs and ex- tracts; Essential oils; Explosives; Fertilizers; Gas, manu- factured; Paints and varnishes; Petroleum refining; Soap; Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids; and Wood distillation, the supplemental schedules require a report of the prod- ucts manufactured and consumed by the establishment in the manufacture of the final products. In these cases the value of the products thus consumed are not to be sepa- rately reported either as "materials used" or as "products." For example, in the manufacture of gas, a portion and sometimes all of the coke — by-product of the coal gas — may be used as fuel for the boilers and retorts. The value of the coke so used is not to be reported as fuel under "ma- terials used," or as a coke product under "products," for the cost of the same is covered by the coal and labor re- ported and its value enters into the value reported for the gas product. If, however, all or part of the -coke is sold, it then becomes a true product and should be so reported. The examiners will pay especial attention to the forego- ing in preparing the schedules of the industries named for tabulation. 10. Attention is also called to the question of "amount paid for lamps and appliances purchased for sale," under mate- rials in the supplemental gas schedule. The amount re- ported for this item should in every instance be included in the item of "amount paid for rent of offices and buildings, etc.," of miscellaneous expenses, Inquiry 8, in the Gen- eral Schedule. 11. The total cost of ammonia, as reported under Inquiry 2 of the manufactured ice supplemental schedule, should be in- cluded as partially manufactured materials in the General Schedule. 12. Consult special instructions for .some of the principal supple- mental industries — as Butter and cheese; Flour and grist mills; Lumber and saw mills; Printing and publishing; and several others. Special points not to be overlooked: 1. Indicate by numerals the form of organization. Inquiry 1. 2. Compute and insert the total average numbers for men, women, and children. Inquiry 7. 3. Compute and insert the totals for cost of "raw" and "partially manufactured" materials under Inquiry 9. 4. Eliminate all cents and fractions. 5. Make all corrections of figures on the same line as original figures. 6. Make all indistinct figures clear and legible. OLASSiriCATION OF MATERIALS INTO HAW ' MANUFACTURE D . " PARTIALLY Materials which are separately reported in the supplemental schedules must be classified in the General Schedule as to "raw" and "partially manufactured" form and "all other materials," as indicated in the following: Beet sugar: Raw — Sugar beets, limestone, sulphur. Partially manufactured — Coke. All other materials — Barrels, sacks. Boots and shoes: Partially manufactured— All principal materials. EDITING AND REVISING SCHEDULES. 641 Brickyards: Raw— Clay purchased, coal used as ingredient, nand, manganese. Partially manufactured — Lime, t^alt. Bulter, cheese, and condensed mi lie: Raw— Milk, gathered cream, skimmed milk. Partially manufactured— Sugar. All other materials— Tubs, boxe.s color, salt, cans, labels, etc. Carriages and wagons: Partially manufactured— All principal materials. CoJ:e: Raw — Coal charged into ovctia, run of mine unwashed, run of mine washed, slack unwashed, slack washed. Cotton manufactures: Paw — Cotton, sea-island, other domestic, Egyptian or other for- eign. Partially manufactured — Cotton yarn not made in mill, woolen yarn not made in mill, worsted yarn not made in mill, silk yarn, spun silk yarn, linen yarn, other yarns not made in mill, waste of other mills, starch, chemicals and dyestuffs. Cottonseed products: Raw — Cottonseed, crushed. Dyeing and finishing textiles: Partialh' manufactured — Chemicals and dyestuffs, starch, silk soap, other soap. Fla.i. hemp, and jute: Raw — Manila hemp, sisal, New Zealand hemp; Hemp, Russian rough, Russian tow, Russian line, Italian rough, Italian tow, Italian line, American rough; Flax, European rough, European tow. European line, Canadian rough, Canadian tow, Canadian line, domestic rough; jute, jute butts. Partially manufactured — Hemp, American tow, American line; Flax, domestic tow, domestic line. Flax or hemp yarns not made in mills, domestic tow wholly or partially bleached, domestic tow. gray, domestic line, wholly or partially bleached, domestic line, gray, imported tow, wholly or partially bleached, im- ported tow, gray, imported line, wholly or partially bleached, imported line, gray; jute yarn not made in mill, cotton yarn not made in mill. Flour and grist: Raw — ^^'heat, corn, rye, buckwheat, barley, oats, other grain. All other materials — Barrels, sacks, cooperage stock, and cloth and paper for sacks. Gas, manufactured: Raw — Coal, oil, water. Partially manufactured — Coke, benzine, calcium carbide, lime, gas purchased. ' Lamps and appliances are to be included in the last item of "miscel- laneous e.rpeTises," Inquiry 8. Glass works: Partially manufactured— All principal materials. Hosiery and knit goods: -^gyf Foreign wool, domestic wool, foreign and domestic wool, camel, alpaca, and vicuna hair, mohair, buffalo, cow, and otlier animal hair; Cotton, sea-island, other domestic, Egyptian. Partially manufactured — Shoddy, wool waste and noils, camel, alpaca, and vicuna noils, mohair noils, tops, woolen yarn, worsted yarn, merino (cotton mixed) yarn, cotton yarn, silk yarn, spun silk yarn, linen yam, jute, soap, oil, chemicals and dyestuffs, all other materials which are components of the product. Iron and steel— blast furnaces: p^^flT Domestic iron ore, foreign iron ore, fluxing material. Partially manufactured — Mill cinder, scrap, scale, etc. Yuel Anthracite coal and culm, bituminous coal, coke, charcoal, natural gas for steam raising. Leather gloves and mittens: Partially manufactured — All principal materials. Leather, tanned anil curned: Raw — Hides, calf and kip skins, coltskins, goatskins, sheepskins, all other skins. Hemlock bark, oak bark, gambler, sumac. Partially manufactured — Hemlock bark extract, oak bark ex- tract, quebracho extract, ( henucals, all other tanning mate- rials, rough leather, rough grains, rough splits, all other rough leather, oil, stearin, ddgras, tallow, and all other materials used in currying. Ijumbcr and timber: Raw — Logging or limber plants — Stumpage value of all timber cut for logs or bolts, other stumpage. Partially manufactured — Sawmills — Logs, bolts (purchased). Planing mills — Rough lumber purchased. Mill supplies — Logging or timber plants — Cost at point of use of supplies con- sumed. Saivmills — Mill supplies. Planing mills — Mill supplies. }famifactnred ■ice; Partially manufactured — Ammonia used. Paper and palp: Raw — Domestic spruce, Canadian spruce, domestic poplar wood, Canadian poplar wood, other domestic pulp wood, other Cana- dian wood, straw, sulphur. Partially manufactured — Rags, old or waste paper, manila stock, ground wood pulp, soda wood fiber, sulphite wood fiber, other chemical fiber, .other stock, other chemicals, pyrites, sizing, clay. Petroleum refining: Raw — Crude petroleum, sulphur, pyrites. Partially manufactfired — Sulphuric acid, caustic soda. x\ll other materials — Coopers' and carpenters' materials, tinners' materialSj barrels, cases, tin cans. Pottery, terra cotta, and fire clay products: Raw — Domestic china clay, foreign china clay, domestic ball clay, foreign ball clay, stoneware clay, slip clay, fire clay, pipe clay, terra cotta clay, brick clay, and all other clay, sand, flint, feldspar, manganese. Partially manufactured — Plaster, salt, iron, lime, liquid and coin gold, oxide of lead, zinc, cobalt. All other materials — Packing materials (crates and hogsheads, barrels, boxes, straw, etc.). Printing and publishing: Partially manufactured — All principal materials. Rice, cleaning and polishing: Raw — Rough rice, domestic; rough rice, foreign. Salt: Partially manufactured — Barrels, bags, sacks, cooperage stock purchased, cloth purchased for sacks. Shipbuilding: Partially manufactured — All principal materials. Silk: Raw — Raw silk. Partially manufactured — Spun silk, artificial silk, cotton yarn, mercerized cotton yarn, wool yarn, mohair yarn, other yarn, organzine and tram, fringe and floss, chemicals and dyestuffs. Slaughtering and meat packing: Raw — Beeves, sheep, hogs, calves, all other animals slaughtered. Partially manufactured — Dressed meat. Soap: Partially manufactured — All materials. Starch: Raw^Corn, wheat, potatoes, roots. Partially manufactured — Cornstarch, wheat flour, borax, gum, soda. 3 — PT 1 — 07- -41 642 MANUFACTURES. Steel works and rolling mills: Raw — Domestic and foreign iron ore. Partially manufactured — All materials from "Spiegeleisen," etc., to "Copper ingots," inclusive. Fuel — From "Anthracite coal" to "Fuel used for power," inclu- sive. Tin plate and terne plate: Partially manufactured — From "Bessemer steel" to "Sulphuric acid," etc., inclusive. All other materials — Boxes and nails. Fuel — From "Anthracite coal" to "Fuel used for power," inclu- sive. Wood distillation: Raw — Wood and limestone. Partially manufactured — Lime, soda, crude wood alcohol. Wool: Raw — From "Foreign wool" to "Buffalo, cow, and other animal hair," inclusive, and from "Hatters' fur" to "Cotton, Egyp- tian," etc., inclusive. Partially manufactured — Tailors' clippings, rags, etc., and all other materials from "Shoddy" to "Chemicals and dyestuffs," inclusive. SUPELEMENTAL SCHEDULES. Agricultural implements. Automobiles. Beet sugar factories. Bicycles. Boots and shoes. Brickyards. Butter, cheese, and condensed milk factories. Buttons. Canning and preserving, fish and oysters. Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables. Carriages and wagons. Cars, steam and street railroad. Chemical manufactures. Coke. Cotton manufactures. Cottonseed products. Dyeing and finishing textiles. Dyestuffs and extracts. Electrical machinery and apparatus. Essential oil factories. Explosives. Fertilizers. Flax, hemp, and jute. Flour and grist mills. Gas, manufactured. Glass works. Hosiery and knit goods. Iron and sted — blast furnaces. Lead, smeltiiig and refining. Leather gloves and mittens. Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. Lumber and timber products. Manufactured ice. Metal working machinery. (Supplemental schedule abandoned.) Needles and pins. Oilcloth and linoleum. Paints and varnishes. Paper and pulp mills. Pens and pencils. Petroleum refining. Pianos and organs. Pottery, terra cotta, and fire clay products. Printing and publishing and the periodical press. Railroad repair shops. Rice, cleaning and polishing. Salt works. Sewing machines. Shipbuilding. Silk manufactures. Slaughtering and meat packing. Soap. Starch. Steel works and rolling mills. Stoves and furnaces. (Supplemental schedule abandoned.) Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids. •Tin plate and terne plate works. Turpentine and rosin. Wood distillation. Wool manufactures. Zinc, smelting and refining. APPENDIX D. CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES. Imtructiom for classification of scheditks.^The classification of reports is tlu- assignment of the sehedtile for each manufacturer to a specific industry and to a particular generic group of industries in order to bring together the reports for all establishments engaged in the same industry. It is the fii-st and most important step in the compilation of the data and the utmost care should be exercised at every stage of the work. The clerks engaged in classifying should be familiar Tvith the use of all the supplemental schedules and the methods of presenting the statistics in the final volumes. The com- pleteness of the Census reports is largely controlled by the classifica- tion of the indi^•idual schedules. If, upon comparison of the num- ber of establishments reported for the census of 1905 with those for 1900 it appears that there has been a decrease or an exceptionally large increase the conclusion, in the absence of other information, will be that the schedules have been wrongly classified. It is difficult to detect an error in classification before the completion of the final tables and changes will then necessitate the correction of a large number of totals and a serious delay at a critical stage of the work. The general rule for classification is that the schedule must be assigned to the industry indicated by the product of chief value. For instance, if an establishment is engaged in the manufacture of both men's and women's clothing, the value of the two classes of clothing should be determined before classifying the report. If the product of men's clothing is in excess of that of women's clothing, the report should be classified "Clothing, men's." This general rule is to be modified by other conditions indicated by the schedule, such as the commercial designation of the factory, the class of mate- rials used and the character of machinery. For example, an estab- lishment engaged in the manufacture of astrakhan cloth, produced such cloth to the value of 8206,085, using woolen yarn to the value of .593,815, and cotton yam to the value of $40,233. In the absence of other information this factory would be classed as ' ' woolen goods, ' ' but knitting machines and winders are the only machinery used, and its proper classification is "Hosiery and knit goods." Having decided the classification, the industry number as shown by the attached list must be given in the upper left-hand corner of title page, just under the border and the title of the industry written in the space below the inquiries in regard to the location of the fac- tory and general office. Many establishments are engaged in the manufacture of a great variety of articles, and the assignment of the schedule to a specific industry according to its product of chief value results in the inclu- sion in that classification of products which are not designed for the same purpose. This can not be avoided, but there are some indus- tries carried on by the same establishment but of such a distinct character and of such importance that it is necessary to make sepa- rate reports. For instance, the manufacture of lumber and salt is frequently carried on by the same company or individual, but as the statistics for these industries are compiled separately, separate re- ports must be prepared and each given its proper f lassification. While it is desired to obtain complete separate reports for each industry represented by the supplemental schedules, there are establishments engaged in the manufacture of products named on two or more of the supplemental schedules for which it is impossible til secure complete separate reports. For insta.nce, an establish- ment reported on the supplemental schedule for "Cottonseed prod- ucts" may produce large quantities of fertilizer, though not sufficient to control the classification of the report which would be classed as "Oil, cottonseed and cake," and the quantity and value of the fer- tilizer would be shown in the special tabulation and added to the amounts reported by establishments classed as "Fertilizers." Some establishments are engaged in the manufacture of products covered by two or more supplemental schedules, but enumerated on only one of these schedules. For instance, a turpentine distillery may be operated in connection with a lumber mill, but it is impos- sible to secure complete separate reports for each industry, but the^ respective supplemental schedules have been furnished. In such cases the General Schedule must be classified and both supplemental schedules retained with it until separated in the editing section. The significance of the supplemental schedules must be thoroughly understood, and the necessity and practicability of separate reports considered before classification. In case of uncertainty concerning the classification the report made by the establishment at the Twelfth Census should be consulted and the classification then used should be followed unless it was manifestly wrong, or there has been an entire change in the class of product. If, however, the classification for the Twelfth Census has been subdivided the report should be classified according to the classification for 1905. If the establishment is engaged in an industry for which a supple- mental schedule is required, and the supplemental schedule has not l)een secured, and it can not be prepared from data contained in the General Schedule, it should be returned for correction to either the special agent or the establishment as may l>e required with the customary letter. The list of classifications gives the name of each classification and its number, also the general group number to which the class belongs and the classification numlier used in 1900. The classifier is con- cerned only with the name and number of classification for 1905. GROUPING OF INDUSTRIES FOR THE CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES, 1905. 1. Food and kindred products. — Includes slaughtering and meat packing, with certain of its by-products, such as lard, oleomargarine; bread and other bakery products; flour, meal, and all cereal prod- ucts; sugar and molasses, sirups and confectionery; cheese and butter; canning and preserving of meat, fruit, fish, and vegetables; and all other manufactured alimentary preparations. 2. Textiles. — Textile fabrics of wool, cotton, silk, flax, and admix- tures thereof; dyeing and finishing; clothing and garment making; carpets, oilcloths, mats, and matting; flax, hemp, and jute goods; cotton waste; cordage; and all other manufacture or rehandling of textiles. 3. Iron and steel and their products. — Pig iron, iron and steel bars,, billets, forgings, rails, and structural iron and steel; machinery, hardware, and all other manufactured products of which iron or steel is the chief constituent, not including iron and steel vessels. 4. Lumber and its remaniifactures. — Timber, lumber, boxes, furni- ture, wood pumps, woodenware, artificial limbs, wood turning and carving, and all other wood working, except wooden vessels. (643) 644 MANUFACTURES. 5. Leather and its finished products. — Tanned and curried, patent and enameled and morocco, dressed skins, boots and shoes, findings, and all other leather goods. 6. Paper and printing. — Paper, wall paper, patterns, Isags and boxes, cardboard, collars and cuffs; envelopes, leather board, and all other paper goods; newspapers and periodicals; book, job, and music printing; bookbinding and blank books; printing materials; engi-aving; lithographing; stereotyping; plate printing and elec- tro typing. 7. Liquors and beverages. — Distilled, malt, and vinous liquors; malt; mineral and soda waters. 8. Chemicals and allied products. — Chemicals and all proprietaiy and patent preparations of drugs, medicines, and compounds; ex- pressed and other oils; paints, explosi^'es, salt, and all other allied products. 9. Clay, glass, and stone products. — All brick and tile and pottery products; plate and window glass and glassware, and all reworking of glass and clay products; mantels and marblework, emery wheels, lime and cement, grindstones, millstones, hones, and whetstones. 10. Metals and metal products other than iron and steel. — Brass and copper, brassware and bronze castings; watches, clocks, and jew- elry; copper, lead, .-^inc, and gold and silver smelting and refining; plated ware and electroplating, platinum, aluminum, type found- ing, and all metal working, other than iron and steel. 11. Tobacco. — Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff; cigars and cigarettes. 12. Vehicles for land transportation. — Carriages, wagons, sleighs, baby carriages, sleds, wheelbarrows and trucks, bicycles and tri- cycles, automobiles, steam and street railroad cars. 13. Shipbuilding. — Iron and steel and wooden vessels; ]:>oats, masts and spars, and repairing. 14. Miscellaneous industries. — All other manufactures not in- cluded in the foregoing, the raw materials used being of such a nature as not to allow classification under any of the above heads. Note. — Every classification placed upon the schedules must ))e followed by the number indicating the particular group to which it belongs. CLASSIFICATION LIST, WITH CROSS REFERENCES, 1905. [Industries marked "*" require supplemental schedules.] CLASSIFICATION LIST, WITH CROSS REFERENCES, 1905— Continued. I^fDUSTRY. 9, 10 11, 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 26. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. ♦Agricultural implements Ammunition. (See also Firearms) Artificial feathers and flowers. (See also Millinery and lace goods) . Artificial limbs. (See also Surgical appliances) Artificial stone. (See also Marble and stone work) -. Artists' materials Automobile bodies and parts. (See also Automobiles; Carriage and wagon materials) *Automobiles. (See also Automobile bodies and parts; Carriages and wagons) Awnings, tents, and sails Axle grease. (See also Grease and tallovv) Babbitt metal and solder Bags, other than paper Bags, paper Baking and yeast powders. (See also Flavoring extracts) Baskets, and rattan and willow ware * Beet sugar Bells. (See also Foundry and machine shop products) Belting and hose, leather Belting and hose, linen Belting and hose, rubber. (See also Rubber and elastic goods) . . . * Bicycles and tricycles Billiard tables and materials Blacking. (See also Cleansing and polishing preparations) Bluing. Bone, ivory, and lamp blaook and job) - - Printing materials. (See also Foundry and machine shop prod- ucts) Pulp, from fiber other than wood Group num- ber. 1 4 10 5 5 9 3 4 i i 7 9 9 4 2 14 3 2 9 7 9 14 9 14 14 14 14 14 10 2 2 1 14 14 1 14 14 10 3 14 14 14 1 14 10 10 5 6 14 646 MANUFACTURES. CLASSIFICATION LIST, WITH CROSS REFERENCES, 1905-Continued. 254. 255. 256. 257. 258. 259. 260. 26L 262. 263. 264. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. 271. 273. 274. 275. 276. 277. 278. 279. 280. 282. 283. 284. 286. 286. 287. 288. 289. 290, 29L 292. 293. 294. 295. 296. Pulp goods Pumps, not including steam pumps Refrigerators. (See also Furniture) Regalia and society banners and emblems. (See al,so Flags and banners) *Rice, cleaning and polishing Roofing materials. (See also Coppersmitliing and sheet iron worlc- ing: Tinware) ^ Rubber and elastic goods ^ Rules, ivory and wood Saddlery and harness. (See also Leather goods) Safes and vaults *SaIt Sand and emery paper and cioth Sausage. (See also Slaughtering and meat paclcing, wholesale) . . Saws. (SeealsoCutlery and edge tools; Tools, not elsewhere spec- ified) . Scales and balances Screws, machine Screws, wood Sewing machine cases. (See also Sewing machines and attach- ments) *Sewing machines and attachments. (See also Sewing machine cases) *Shipbuilding, iron and steel. (See also Shipbuilding, wooden, in- cluding boat building) *Shipbuilding, wooden, including boat building. (8ee also Ship- building, iron and steel) : . . Shirts. (See also Furnishing goods, men's) *Shoddy Show cases *Silk and silk goods Silversraithing and silverware. (See also Plated ware) ♦Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale. (See also Lard, re- fined; Sausage; Slaughtering, wholesale, not Including meat packing) ♦Slaughtering, wholesale, not including meat packing. (See also Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale) Smelting and refining, copper Smelting and refining, lead Smelting and refining, zinc Smelting and refining, not from the ore *Soap. (See also Candles; Grease and tallow) Soda water apparatus Sporting goods Springs, steel, car and carriage Stamped ware. (See also Tinware) ♦Starch Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified Statuary and art goods Steam fittings and heating apparatus. (See also Foundry and machine shop products; Stoves and furnaces) Steam packing Steam pumps and pumping machinery. (See also Foundry and machine shop products.) (Classification aliandoned and com- bined with Foundry and machine shop products) Group num- ber. 14 14 4 6 3 8 14 1 3 3 3 3 33 2 2 4 2 10 INDUSTRY. 297. Stencils and brands 298. Stereotyping and electrotyping. (See also Printing and publish- ing; Type founding) 299. Stoves and furnaces, not including gas and oil stoves 300. Stoves, gas and oil 301. Straw goods, not elsewhere specified 302. Structural ironwork 303. Sugar and molasses, refining 301. *Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids. (See also Chemicals) 305. Surgical appliances. (See also Artificial limbs) 306. *Tin and teme plate 307. Tinfoil 308. Tinware. (See also Coppersmithing and sheet Iron working; Roofing and roofing materials; Stamped ware) 309. Tobacco, chewing, smoking, and snuff. (See also Tobacco, cigars, and cigarettes) 310. Tobacco, cigars, and cigarettes. (SeealsoTobacco, chewing, smok- ing, and snuff) 311. Tools, not elsewhere specified. (See also Cutlery and edge tools; Files; Hardware; Saws) 312. Toys and games _ 313. Trunks and valises. (See also Leather goods) 314. *Turpentine and rosin 315. Type foimding. (See also Stereotyping and electrotyping) 316. Typewriters and supplies 317. Umbrellas and canes 318. Upholstering materials. (See also Woolen goods; Worsted goods) 319. *Varnishes. (See also Paints) 320. Vault lights and ventilators. (See also Foundry and machine shop products) 321. Vinegar and cider 322. Wall paper 323. Washing machines and clothes wringers 324. Watch and clock materials. (See also Clocks; Watch cases; Watches) 325. Watch cases. (See also Watch and clock materials; Watches).. 326. Watches. (See also Clocks) 327. Whalebone cutting 328. Wheelbarrows 329. Whips 330. Windmills. (See also Agricultural Implements) 331. Window shades and fixtures 332. Wire. (See also Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills) 333. Wirework, including wire rope and cable. (See also Mattresses and spring beds) 334. Wood carpet 335. * Wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin 336. Wood preserving 337. Wood, turned and carved. (See also Lumber, planing mill prod- ucts, including sash, doors, and blinds) 338. Woodenware, not elsewhere specified. (See also Cooperage) . . . 339. Wool pulling 340. Wool scouring 341. *Woolen goods. (See also Carpets and rugs, other than rag; Felt goods; Hosiery and knit goods: Worsted goods) 342. *Worsted goods. (See also Woolen goods) Group num- ber. 6 3 3 14 3 1 8 14 3 10 3 14 14 8 10 3 14 2 3 1 6 14 10 10 10 14 12 14 14 14 3 3 4 INDEX. Acti\c estal>lishments, manner of making returns for, xli. See also Establishments. Agents, special, instructions to, 627. Agricultural implements, summary tor idle establishments, xlviii; wages of engineers, Ixxxv; miscellaneous expenses, c; freight traffic movement, cxiii; rank of states and territories in manufacture of . ccviii; local- ization, by states and cities, ccxxviii, ccxxix; specialization, by states and cities, ccxxix: summary, by decades, 3; bystates and territories, 74; by character of owner- ship, Iviii, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 519, 521; by wage- earners and time in operation, 552; cen- sus schedule form for industry, 581. Agriculture, industrial activity for specified years, cxii; relation to manufactures, cxc. Alabama, leading industries, ccxi; sum- mary of manufactures by groups of indus- tries, 480. See also States and territories. Alaska, leading industries, ccxix; summai-y of manufactures by groups of industries, 480. See also States and territories. Ammunition, summary for idle establish- ments, xlviii; miscellaneous expenses, c; scope of classification, clxxxviii; growth of industry, clxxxviii; localization, cclv; manufacture of, in governmental establish- ments, ccxxvii; summary, by decades, 3; by states and territories, 74; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 519; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Animal products, transported by railroads, ratio to aggregate tonnage, cxii; compara- tive summary, cxxvii, cxxix. Artificial feathers and flowers, summary for idle establishments, xlviii; localization of industry, by cities, ccxxx; summary, by decades, cxliii, 3; by states and territories, 74; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 519 ; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 552. Artificial limbs, summary, by decades, clix, 3; by states and territories, 74; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546. Artificial stone, summary, for idle establish- ments, xlviii; for active establishments, by states and territories, 78; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 518; by wage- earners and time in operation, 550. Artists' materials, articles included in classi- fication, clxxxviii; summary, by decades, 3 ; by states and territories, 78; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 519; by wage- earners and time in operation, 552. Arizona, summary of manufactures by groups of industries, 480. See also States and territories. Arkansas, summary of manufactures by groups of industries, 480. See also States and territories. Austria, cotton statistips, cccxiii; industrial census, ccclii; provisions for enumeration in census of 1895, cccliii; verification of material by central authorities, cccliv; defect of trade records as basis for, cccliv. Automobile bodies and parts. See Auto- mobiles. Automobiles, summary for idle establish- ments, xlviii; miscellaneous expenses, c; summary, by decades, 3; by states and territories, 78; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 519 ; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552; census schedule form for industry, 582. Averages, defects of, xxxii. Awnings, tents, and sails, simimary, by decades, cxlix, 3; by states and territories, 82; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 544. Axle grease, development of industry, clxxi; summary, by decades, 3; by states and territories, 82; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Babbitt metal and solder, products included in classification, clxxxii; growth of indus- try, clxxxiii; summary, by decades, 3; by states and territories, 82; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Bags, summary for idle establishments, xlviii; growth of industry, cxlix; summary, by decades, cxlix, clxiv, 3; by states and territories, 86; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Bags, other than paper. See Bags. Bags, paper. See Bags. Baking and yeast powders, summary for idle establishments, xlviii; miscellaneous ex- penses, c;. summary, cxxviii; by decades, 3; by states and territories, 86; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 511 ; by motive power, 517 ; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Bar and sheet metals, expense of freighting, cxiii. Baskets, and rattan and willow ware, sum- mary, for idle establishments, xlviii; for active establishments, by decades, 3; by states and territories, 90; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546. Bavaria, industrial census of. See Gerniany. Beet sugar, summary, for idle establishments, xlviii; for active establishments, cxxviii; production of, in Germany, cxxxv; ratio to total domestic production, cxxxvii; lo- calization of industry, cclv; summary, by decades, 3; by states and territories, 90; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544; census schedule form for industry, 582. Belgium, cotton statistics, cccxiii; indus- trial census of, result of early censuses, cccxxx; census of 1896, demand for, cccxxxi; legislation for, cccxxxi; scope of, cccxxxi; selection of date, cccxxxii; ad- ministrative authorities, cccxxxii; divi- sion of the country, cccxxxii; distribution of forms, cccxxxiii; financial preparations, cccxxxiii; organization of staff, cccxxxiii; legislation to aid in accuracy of returns, cccxxxiii; preliminary investigation, cccxxxiv; unit of enumeration, cccxxxiv, cccxxxvi; reasons for classifying certain industries, cccxxxv; instructions for fill- ing out schedules, cccxxxvi, cccxxxvii; inquiries on schedules, cccxxxvii; method of canvassing, cccxxxvii; revision of re- turns by enumerators, and by local and central authorities, cccxxxviii. Bells, scope of classification, clxxxiii; his- tory of industry, clxxxiii; process of cast- ing, clxxxiii; summary, by decades, 3; by states and territories, 90; by character of ownership^ 500; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Belting and hose, summary, for idle establish- ments, xlviii; for active establishments, by decades, 3, 4; bystates and territories, 90, 94; by character of ownership, 497, 499, 501; by value of products, 508, 510, 513; by motive power, 515, 517, 519; by wage- earners and time in operation, 544, 548, 552. Belting and hose, leather. See Belting and hose. • Belting and hose, linen. See Belting and hose. Belting and hose, rubber. See Belting and hose. Berlin, organization of the commission of industrial census of 1895, cccxxi; enu- merators classified by occupations, cccxxiii. Bessemer steel rails, average prices, cvi. See also Iron and steel. Beverages, comparative summary, cxxvii. See also Liquors and beverages. Bicycles and tricycles, summary, for idle establishments, xlviii; for active estab- lishments, In' decades, 4; by states and territories, 94; by character of ownership, 501; by valueof produc,ts, 512; by motive power, 519; liy wage-earners and time in operation, 552; census schedule form for industry, 583. Billiard tables and materials, articles in- cluded in the classification, clix; sum- mary, by decades, clix, 4; by states and territories, 94; by character of ownership, 498; by valueof products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546. Blacking, varieties included in classifica- tion, clxxviii; summary, by decades, (647) 648 INDEX. clxxviii, 4; by states and territories, 94; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Blast furnaces. See Iron and steel. Bluing, summary, by decades, clxxviii, 4; by states and territories, 98; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 511 ; by motive power, 517 ; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Bone, ivory, and lamp black, summary, for idle establishments, xlviii; for active es- tablishments, by decades, 4; by states and territories, 98; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 517 ; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548;. products included in classi- fication, clxxiv. Book and job printing and publishing, sta- tistics of the industry, clxv. See also Printing and publishing. Bookbinding and blank book making, decrease in number of establishments en- gaged in, xlii; idle establishments, xlviii; governmental establishments, ccxxvii; summary, clxiv; by decades, 4; by states and territories, 98; by character of owner- ship, 499; by value of products, 510; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Boot and shoe cut stock. See Boots and shoes. Boot and shoe findings. See Boots and shoes. Bofit and shoe uppers. See Boots and shoes. Boots and shoes, decrease in number of establishments manufacturing, xlii, cxlv; idle establishments, xlviii; number and value of products, Iviii; average number of wage-earners, Ixxviii, Ixxxi; summary, cxliii; by decades, 4; rank of states and territories in manufacture of, ccviii; rank of industry, cccxv; localization, cclv; by states, ccxxx; by cities, ccxxxi; specializa- tion, by states, ccxxxi; by cities, ccxxxi; summary, by states and territories, 102 ; by character of ownership, 499, 501; by value of products, 510, 513; by motive power, 517, 519, 521; wage-earners and time in operation, 548, 552; census schedule form for industry, 583. Boots and shoes, rubber. See Boots and shoes. Boxes, cigar, summary, by decades, 4; by states. and territories, 106; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and tim? in operation, 546. Boxes, fancy and paper, average number of wage-earners, Ixxxi; proportion of women employed, clxiv; large miscellaneous ex- penses, c; development of industry, clxiv; manufacture by establishments consuming them, clxv; summary, clxiv; by decades, 4; by states and territories, 10; by char- acter, 499; by value of products, 510; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Boxes, wooden packing, summary for idle establishments, xlviii; development of industry, clx; summary, clx; by decades, 4; liy states and territories, 110; by char- aiter of ownership, 498; by value of prod- ucts, 509; by motive power, 522; by wage- earners and time in operation, 546. Brass, localization of industry, cclv; sum- mary, by decades, 4; by states and terri- tories, 110, 114; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Brass and copper, rolled, industries included in classification, clxxxiii; localization of industry, cflv; summary, by decades, 4; by states and territories, 110; by char- acter of ownership, 500; by value of prod- ucts, 512; by motive power, 518; by wage- earners and time in operation, 550. Brass castings and brass finishing, summary for idle establishments, xlviii; localization of industry, cclv; summary, by decades, 4; by states and territories, 114; by char- acter of ownership, 500; by value of prod- ucts, 512; by motive power, 518; by wage- earners and time in operation, 550. Brassware, localization of industry, cclv; summary, by decades, 4; by states and territories, 114; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Brazil, cotton statistics, cccxiii. Bread and other bakery products, idle establishments, xlviii; average number of wage-earners, Ixxix; scope of industry, cxxxii; improvement in methods, cxxxiii; summary, cxxvii; by decades, cxxxiii, 5; by states and territories, 118; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage- earners and time in operation, 544. Breslau, organization of commission to take industrial census of 1895, cccxxi; enumer- ators classified by occupations, cccxxiii. Brick and tile, decrease in number of establishments manufacturing, xlii; idle establishments, xlviii; average number of wage-earners, Ixxix; miscellaneous ex- penses, c; summary, by decades, 5; by states and territories, 122; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 518, 522; by wage- earners and time in operation, 550; census schedule form for industry, 584. British India, cotton statistics, cccxiii. Bronze castings, summary, by decades, 5; by states and territories, 122; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Brooms and brushes, decrease in number of establishments manufacturing, xlii ; idle establishments, xlviii; articles included in classification, clxxxviii; growth of in- dustry, clxxxix; summary, by decades, 5; by states and territories, 126; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 519; by wage- earners and time in operation, 552. Buildings, amount of capital invested in, Ixv. Butter, summary, for idle establishments, xlviii; for active establishments, cxxvii; cost of materials used, ciii; quantity and value of products, cxxviii; summary, by decades, 5; by states and territories, 126, 130; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515, 523; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. See also Cheese, butter, and condensed milk. Butter, reworking. See Butter. Buttonholes, statement concerning, cxlvii. See also Clothing and kindred products. Buttons, summary, for idle establishments, xlviii; for active establishments, cxliii; by decades, 5; by states and territories, 130; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 519; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 552; census schedule form for in- dustry, 585. Calcium lights, summary, clxxi; by dec- ades, 5; by states and territories, 130; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Calculating machines. See Casli registers and calculating machines. California, leading industry, ccxi; summary of manufactures by groups of industries, 481. See also States and territories. Canada, cotton statistics^ cccxiii. Candles, summary, clxxi; by states and ter- ritories, 130; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Canned goods, quantity and value, with per cent of increase, cxxviii. Canning and preserving, fish, summary for idle establishments, xlviii; ratio of capital invested to value of products, Ixvii; mis- cellaneous expenses, c; localization of in- dustry, cclvi; summary, cxxvii; by dec- ades, 5; by states and territories, 130; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, cxxxi, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544; census schedule form for industry, 586. Canning and preserving, fruits and vegeta- bles, summary for idle establishments, xlviii; average number of wage-earners employed, Ixxx; miscellaneous expenses, c; condensed statement concerning, cxxxix; localization of industry, cclvi; summary, cxxvii; by decades, 5; by states and territories, 134; summary, by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544; census schedule form for industry, 586. Canning and preserving, oysters, summary, for idle establishments, xlviii; for active establishments, cxxvii; by decades, 5; by states and territories, 134; localization of industry, cclvi; summary, by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, cxxi, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage- earners and time in operation, 544; census schedule form for industry, 586. Canvass for manufacturing statistics, cost of, xxvi; employees engaged in, xxvi. Capital invested in manufacturing indus- tries, relation of, to product, xxxiii; in- quiry concerning, and instructions on. schedule, Ixiv; difficulty in formulating inquiry, Ixiv; defects in statistics, Ixiv; amount of, Ixv; ratio to value of products, Ixv, Ixvi, ixvii; selected industries ranked according to, cxcvi; states and territories ranked according to, cxcviii; sum- mary, by specified industries, 3, 26, 74, 466, 480; by states and territories, 22, 68, 466, 480; by character of ownership, 493; by value of products, 503; by municipali- ties, 556. Capital stock of corporations, difficulties in reporting value of, Ixviii. Card cutting and designing, summary, clxiv; by decades, 5; by states and territories, 134; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 510; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 548. Cardboard, not made in paper mills, sum- mary, clxiv; by decades, 5; by states and territories, 134; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 510; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Carpets and rugs, other than rag, summary for idle establishments, xlviii; localization of industry, by cities and states, ccxxxii; specialization, by cities, ccxxxiii; sum- mary, by decades, 5; by states and ter- ritories, 134; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Carpets, rag, summary, for idle establish- ments, xlviii; for active establishments, by decades, 5; by states and territories, 138; by character of ownership. 497; by INDEX. 649 value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in opera- ^ tion, 544. Carriage and wagon materials, summary, for idle establishments, xlviii; for active es- tablishments, by decades, 5; by states and territories, 138; by character of own- ership, 501; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 519; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Carria,ges and sleds, children's, summary, for idle establishments, xlviii; for active establishments, by decades, 5; by states and territories, 142; by character of own- ership, 501; by value of products, 512; by inotive power, 5Ut; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Carriages and wagons, decrease in number of establishments manufacturing, xlii; ■ idle establishments, xlviii; a\'erage num- ber of wage-earners, Ixxix; value of prod- ucts, clxxxvi; rank of states and territo- ries in industry, ccviii; summaiy, by dec- ades. 5; by states and teiTitories, 142; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 519, 524; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 552; census schedule form for indus- try, 586. Cars, steam railroad, not including opera- tions of railroad companies, summary for idle establishments, xlviii; scope of classi- fication, clxxxv; summary, by decades, 6; by states and teiTitories, 150; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 512; by motiAO power, 519, 525; by wage- earners and time in operation, 552; cen- sus schedule form for industry, 588. Cars, street railroad, not including opera- tions of railroad companies, summary for idle establishments, xlviii; scope of classi- fication, clxxxv; summary, by decades, 6; by states and territories, 150; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 519; by wage- earners and time in operation, 552; cen- sus schedule form for industry, 588. Cars and general shop construction and re- pairs by steam railroad companies, average number of wage-earners, xxxviii, lxx\'iii; decrease in number of establishments, xlii; idle establishments, xlviii; summary, by decades, 5; by states and territories, 146; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 519, 524; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 552. Cars and general shop construction and re- pairs by street railroad companies, sum- mary, by decades, 5; by states and terri- tories, 150; by character of ownership, 501;. )n' value of products, 512; by motive power, 519; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Cash and sundries, amount of capital in, Ixv. Cash registers and calculating machines, summary for idle establishments, xlviii; miscellaneous expenses, c; summary, by decades, 6; by states and territories. 150; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546. Castings and machinery, other than iron and steel, freight traffic movement, cxiii. Celluloid and celluloid goods, summary, by decades, 6. Cement, summary for idle establishments, xlviii; miscellaneous expenses, c; sum- mary, by states and territories, 154; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 518, 525; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Census Bureau, improvements in office methods, Ixxiv; report of special commit- tee on wage investigation, xc; instructions to special agents, xciii, 627. Census statistics, explanation of classifica- tion, xxix; scope of inquiries for obtain- ing, xxxi; limitations of, xxxi; com- parison of, with prior censuses, xxxiii; condensed statement concerning, xxxvii. Charcoal, summary, by decades, 6; by states and territories, 154; by character of own- ership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546. Chase, Oliver R., invention by, cxxxviii. Cheese, summary for idle establishments, xlviii; cost of materials used, ciii; quan- tity and value of products, cxxviii; sum- mary, by states and territories, 154; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. See also Cheese, butter, and condensed milk. Cheese, butter, and condensed milk, devel- opment of industry, cxxx; difficulties of classification, cxxxi; decrease in number of establishments manufacturing, xlii; value of products, Iviii; comparative summary, cxxvii; by decades, 6; rank of states and territories in industry, ccviii, census schedule form for industry, 585. Chemicals, summary for idle establishments,- xlviii; products classified as, clxxix; sum- mary by decades, 6; by states and terri- tories, 158; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Chemicals and allied products, summary for idle establishments, xlviii; average num- ber of wage-earners, Ixxviii; classification of products, clxvi , clxvii , cl xxix; summary, cxxiv; by decades, 6; by specified indus- tries, 44; by states and territories, 158, 473 ; by character of ownership, Ix, Ixi, 499; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 517, 526; by wage-earners and time in op- eration, 548; census schedule form for, 588. Children, average number employed as wage-earners,comparative summary, XXXV, xxxA'i, Ixxv; difficulty in obtaining ac- curate returns, Ixxv; average number, by states and geographic divisions, Ixxi; by months, Ixxix; in selected industries, Ixxviii, Ixxx, Ixxxi; comparison with 3'early average, Ixxx; cities showing a de- crease in number, cclxix. China, cotton statistics, cccxiii. China decorating, summary, by decades, 6; liy states and territorie's, 158; by char- acter of ownership, 500; by value of prod- ucts, 511; by motive power, 518; by wage- earners and time in operation, 550. Chocolate and cocoa prodm-ts, summary, cxxviii; by decades, 6; by states and ter- ritories, 158; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in [ operation, 544. Cigarettes. See Tobacco, cigars, and cigar- ettes, j Cigars. See Tobacco, cigars, and cigarettes. Circular, preliminary, sent to all manufac- turing establishments, (note) xxv. Cities, specified, rates of wages paid in, Ixxxvi; localization of industries, cclix; specialization of industries, cclx; de- creases reported, cclxix; tendencies since 1880, cclxx; summary of industries, cclxxi, cclxxii, cclxxiii; rank, cclxxvi, cclxxviii, cclxxx, cclxxxiv; states outranked by, cclxxxii; slaughtering of cattle, cccxv. Clay, glass, and stone products, average number of wage-earners, Ixxviii; sam- mary, cxxiv, clxxix; by specified Indus- ' tries, 50; by states and territories, 474; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 511; by motive powi'r, 518; by number of wage-earners and time in oper- ation, 550; rank of states and territories in industry, ccviii. Cleansing and polishing preparations, prod- ucts included in classification, clxxvii, clxxviii; number of establishments, wage- earners, and value of products, clxxvii; summary, by decades, 6; by states and territories, 158; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 517 ; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Clocks, summary for idle establishments, xlviii; localization of industry, cclvi; summary, liy decades, 6; by states and territories, 162; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Cloth, sponging and refinishing, summary, cxliii; by decades, "6; by states and terri- tories, 162; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive pow- er, 515; by wage-earners and time in oper- ation, .544. Clothing, horse, summary, by decades, 6; by states and territories, 162; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage- earners and time in operation, 544. Clothing and kindred products, decrease in number of establishments manufacturing, xlii; idle establishments, xlviii; number of wage-earners, Ixxviii; miscellaneous ex- penses, c; comparative summary, cxliii; discussion concerning, cxlvii; rank of states and territories in industry, ccviii; manufactures for Army in governmental estaljlishments, ccxxvii; localization, by states and cities, ccxxxiii; specialization, by states and cities, ccxxxiv; summary, by decades, (i; by states and territories, 162, 166; by character of ownership, 497; by ' value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 544. Clothing, men's. See Clothing and kindred products. Clothing, men's, buttonholes. See Clothing and kindred products. Clothing, women's. See Clothing and kin- dred products. Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding, sum- mary, cxxvii; by decades, 6; by states and territories, 170; by character of own- ership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, .546. Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers' goods, summary, ia- idle establishments, xlviii; for active establishments, by decades, 6; liy state ;. and territories, 170; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earn- ers and time in operation, 546. Coke, summary for idle establishments, xh'iii; freight traffic movement, cxiii; lo- calizatioii and specialization of industry, by states, ccxxxv; summary, by decades, 7: by states and territories, 174; by char- acter of ownership, 501; by value of prod- ucts, 513; by motive power, 519, 526; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552; census schedule form for industry, 590. Collars and cuffs, miscellaneous expenses, c; localization of industry, by states, ccxxxv; by cities, ccxxxvi; specialization, by cities, ccxxxvi; summary, by decades, 7; by states and territories, 174; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; 650 INDEX. by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Colorado, summary of manufactures by groups of industries, 481. See also States and teiTitories. Combs, summary, by decades, 7; by states and territories, 174 ; by character of owner- ship, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive puwei', 519; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Condensed milk, summary for idle establish- ments, xlviii; cost of materials used, ciii; summary, cxxviii ; by states and territories, 174; by character of ownership, 4!)7; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; b}' wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 544. See also Butter, cheese, and condensed milk. Condiments, comparative summary, cxxvii. See also specified condiments. Confectionery, summary for idle establish- ments, xlviii; articles included in classifi- cation, cxxxvii; growth and history of industry, cxxxviii; summary, cxxvii, cxxxvii; by decades, 7; by states and terri- tories, 178; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Connecticut, leading industries, ccxi; sum- mary of manufactures by groups of indus- tries, 481. See also States and territories. Contract work, amount paid for, xcix. . Cooperage, decrease in number of establish- ments engaged in, xlii; .idle establish- ments, xlviii; articles included in classi- fication, clx; growth of industry, clx; summary, clx; by decades, 7; by states and territories, 178; by character of owner- ship, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, .546. Copper, amount and value of rods and wire manufactured in rolling mills, cli. See also Smelting and refining, copper. Coppersmithing and sheet iron working, summary, for idle establishments, xlviii; for active establishments, by states and territories, 182; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Cordage and twine, summary for idle estab- lishments, xlviii; localization of industry, cclvi; summary, by decades, 7; by states and territories, 182; by character of owner- ship, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Cordials and sirups, summary, cxxviii; by decades, 7; by states and territories, 182; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; ))v wage-earners and time in operation, .544. Cork cutting, summary for idle establish- ments, xlviii; for active establishments, by decades, 7; by states and territories, 186; l)y character of ownership, 498; by value I if products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 546. Corporations, capital stock of, diflicvdties in reporting value, Ixviii. Corsets, summary, for idle estaljlishments, xlviii; for active establishments, cxliii; by decades', 7; by states and territories, ]8(i; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive p' .wer, 515; liy wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 544. Cost of materials used, by states and terri- tories, 70. Cotton, number of spindles and mill con- sumption, liy coimtries, cccxiii. Cotton goods, summary for idle establish- ments, xlviii; average number of wage- earners, xxxviii, Ixxviii, Ixxxi, Ixxxii; rates of wages, Ixxxvi, Ixxxvii; quantity and value of products, cxlviii; rank of states and territories in industry, ccviii; localization of industry, by states and cities, ccxxxvii; specialization, by states and cities, ccxxxviii; summary, by dec- ades, 7; iDy states and territories, 186; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515, 526; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 544; census schedule form for in- dustry, 592. Cotton small wares, summary, for idle estab- lishments, xlviii; for active establish- ments, cxliii; by states and territories, 190; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 544. See also Cotton goods. Cotton waste, summary, by decades, 7; by states and territories, 190; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage- earners and time in operation, 544. Cottonseed oil. See Oil, cottonseed and cake. Countryman, William A. {note) Ixxxiii, xc. County totals of manufacturing statistics, impossibility of showing, xxx. Croatia-Slavonia, industrial census, ccclix, ccclx. See also Hungary. Crucibles, summary, by decades, 7; by states and territories, 190; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Cutlery and edge tools, summary for idle establishments, xlviii; miscellaneous ex- penses, c; articles included in classifica- tion, cli ; value of products, cli ; summary, clii; bydecades,7; by states and territories, 190; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 546. Cypress, sawed, quantity and value, clxii. Dairymen's, poulterers', and apiarists' sup- plies, summary, for idle establishments, xlviii; for active establishments, by dec- ades, 7; by states and territories, 190; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 513; bymotive power, 519; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Dalmatian chambers of commerce and in- dustry, records used in industrial census of Austria, cccliv. Delaware, summary of manufactures by groups of industries, 481. See also States and teiTitories. Denmark, industrial census of, scope of early censuses, cccxxxix; census of 1897, de- mand . for, cccxxxix; legislation for, cccxxxix; drafting of plan, cccxl; selection of date, cccxl; administrative authorities, cccxl; division of country, cccxl; distri- buti(3n of forms, cccxl; financial prepara- tions, cccxl; organization of staff, cccxli; legislation to aid in accuracy of the re- turns, cccxli; unit of enjimeration, cccxiii; method of canvassing, cccxiii; revision of, bylocal and by central authorities, cccxliii. Dentists' materials, summary, by decades, 7; by states and territories, 194; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 519; by wage- earners and time in operation, 552. Dewey, Dr. Davis R., investigation con- cerning wages and wage-earners, Ixxxviii, xci. District of Columbia, summary ef manu- factures, by groups of industries, 482. See also States and territories. Dresden, industrial census~of, 1895, method of taking, cccxxii; enumerators classified by occupations, cccxxiii. Drug grinding, explatiation of classification, clxxvi; summary, by decades, 7; by states and territories, 194; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Druggists' preparations, summary for idle establishments, xlviii; miscellaneous ex- penses, c; articles included in classifica- tion, clxxvi; development of industry, clxxvi; summary, by decades, 7; by states and territories, 194; bycharacter of owner- ship, 499; by value of products, clxxv, 511; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, clxxv, 548. Dyeing and finishing textiles, summary for idle establishments, xlviii; miscel- laneous expenses, c; rank of states and tenitories in industry, ccviii; localiza- tion of industry, by. states and cities, ccxxxix; specialization, by states and cities, ccxxxix; summary, by decades, 7; by states and territories, 194; bycharacter of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515, 527; by wage- earners and time in operation, 544; census schedule form for inclustry, 593. Dyestuffs and extracts, summary for idle es- tablishments, xlviii; products included in classification, clxxiv; summary, by dec- ades 7; by states and territories, 194; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 511; bymotive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548; census schedule form for industry, 594. Electrical machinery, apparatus, and sup- plies, summary for idle establishments, xlviii ; ratio of capital to value of product, Ixvi; average number of wage-earners, Ixxix, Ixxxi; miscellaneous expenses, c; rank of states and territories in industry, ccviii; summary, by decades, 7; by states and territories, 198; by character of own- ership, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 519, 527; by wage-earners and tim« in operation, 552 ; census schedule form for industry, 594. Electroplating, sumniary of establishments engaged in, by decades, 8; by states and territories, 198; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 512; by motive power ,^ 518 ; by wage-earners and" time in operation, 550. Elkin, Zach C, xc. Emery wheels, summary, by decades. 8; by states and territories, 198; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 518; by wage- earners and time in operation, 550. Employees, Census, number in fieldwork, XXV, xxvi. Employees in manufacturing establishments, number and salaries, xxxv, xxxvi; form of inquiry concerning, Ixix, Ixx, Ixxiv, Ixxxiii; relative number, with percentages of increase, Ixxxviii; supplementary in- quiry concerning, Ixxxviii. Enameling and enameled goods, summary, by decades, 8; by states' and territories, 202; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 519; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 552. Engravers' materials, summary, clxv; by decades, 8; by states and territories, 202; by character of ownership, 501; b^' value of products, 513; by motive power, 519; by wage-earners and time in operation. Engraving, steel, including plate printing, governmental establishments engaged in, INDEX. 651 ccxxvii; summary, clxv; by decades, 8; by states and territories, 202; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 510; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Engraving, wood, summary, clxv; by dec- ades, 8; by states and territories, 202; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 510; by motive power, 517; bv wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Jingravlug and diesinking, summary, by decades, 8; by states and territories, 202; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 510; by motive power. 517; l)y wage-earners and time in operation, 548. ^ Enumerators in specified German cities, Qlassilied by occupations, cccxxiii. Envelopes, summary, clxiv; liy decades, 8; by states and territories' 206; by character of ownership, 499; by value o"f products. 510; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Establishments, manufacturing, classified by character of ownership, xxx, xxxvii, Iv, Ixxiv, 497; by time in operation, xxx, xcv, 542, 544; number of, xxxv. xxxvi; in urban and rural communities compared, xxxv. xxxvi. xxxvii; greatest increase and greatest decrease in "number, xxxvii; large, extent of control over manufactures, xxxvii; meaning of term in Census statis- tics, xli; effect of omission, concentration, and removal on number reported, xli; states and industries showing decrease in number, xlii; summary for idle, xlvi; number in active operation, xciv; by value of products, exv, 503, 508; by num- ber of wage-earners, cxviii, 542, 544; cen- tralization of control, cxxi; statistics, by states and territories, cxcviii; outside the corporate limits of cities, cclxiii; average size in urban and in rural districts, cclxvii; number, classified by motive power, 514, 515. Europe, cotton statistics, cccxiii. Expenses. See ^Miscellaneous expenses. Explosives, summary for idle establishments, xlviii; kinds of products included, clxxix; governmental establishments, ccxxvii; summary, by decades, 8 ; by states and ter- ritories, 206; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548: census schedule form for industry, 595. Exports of domestic merchandise, for four leading countries, ccc; manufactured and unmanufactured, ccci; per cent of in- crease in value, ccci; relation to domestic production, ccci; value in specified years, ccciii; rank of United States, cccviii. Factories, classified according to days in operation, bv groups of industries, xcv, 542, 544. Factory system, distinguished from the neighborhood industries, xxi. Fancy articles, summary, for idle establish- ments, xlviii; for active establishments, by decades, 8; by states and territories, 206; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 51.3; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Farm products, used as raw materials, cii. Feathers and flowers. See Artificial feathers and flowers. Felt goods, summary, for idle establishments, xlviii; for active establishments, by dec- ades, cxliii, 8; by states and territories, 206; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by rnotive power, 515; by wage-earners and, time in opera- tion, 544. Fertilizers, summary, for idle establish- ments, xlviii; for active establishments, clxxiii; rank of states and territories, ccviii; summary, by decades, 8; by stales and territories, 210; "by character of owner- ship, 499; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 517, 527; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548; census sched- ule form for industry, 596. Fieldwork, conduct of, xxvi, xxviii. Files, summary, for idle establishrnents, xlviii; for active establishments, clii; by decades, 8; by states and territories, 210; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation , 546. Fire extinguishers, chemical, summary, by decfides, 8; by states and territories, 210; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 5il3; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Firearms, miscellaneous expenses, c; govern- mental establishments manufacturing, ccxxvii; summary, by decades, 8; by states and territories, 210; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage- earners and time in operation, 546. Fireworks, summary, by decades, 8; by states and territories, 210; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage- earners and time in operation, 552. Firms, establishments owned by. See Own- ership. Firms and limited partnerships, defined, Ixii. Flags and banners, difficulty in classifying establishments manufacturing, cxlix; sum- mary, by decades, 8; by states and terri- tories, 210; by character of ownership, 497 ; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Flavoring extracts, summary for idle estab- lishments, xlviii; miscellaneous expenses, c; summary, by decades, cxxviii, 8; by states and territories, 214; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Flax and hemp, dressed, summary, for idle establishments, xlviii; for active establish- ments, by decades, 9; by states and terri- tories, 214; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508 ; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544; census schedule form for industry, 596. Florida, leading industries, ccxii; summary of manufactures by groups of industries, 482. See also States and territories. Flour and grist mill products, number of es- tablishments manufacturing, xxiii; idle establishments, xlviii; cost of material used, ciii ; quantity and value of products, cxxviii; establishments included, cxxxi; amount of exports, cxxxi; rank of states and territories, ccviii; summary, by decades, cxxvii, 9; by states and terri- tories, 214; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508 ; by motive power, 515, 528; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544; census schedule form for industry, 597. Food and kindred products, average number of wage-earners, Ixxviii; summary, cxxiv, cxxvi; by specified industries, cxxvii, 26; by states and territories, 466 ; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage- earners and time in operation, 544. Food preparations, summary for idle estab- lishments, xlviii; ratio of capital to value of products, Ixvi; miscellaneous expenses, c; kinds of products, cxxxix; exports, cxl; rank of states and territories, ccviii; of industry, cccxv; summary, by decades, cxxvii, 9; by states and territories, 218; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Forest products, used as raw materials, ciii; tonnage transported by railroads, cxii. Foundry and machine shop products, av- erage number of wage-earners, xxxviii, IxxN'iii; idle establishments, xlviii; mis- cellaneous expenses, c; importance and value of products, clii; partial list of products, clii; governmental establish- ments, ccxxvii; summary, by decades, cliii. 9; by states and territories, 222; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by moti\-e power, 516, 528; by wage-earners and time in opera- ■ tion, 546. Foundry supplies, summary for idle estab- lishments, xlviii; summary, by decades, 9; by states and territories, 222; by char- acter of ownership, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners ancl time in operation, 552. France, exports, ccc; rank in manufactures, cccxi; pig iron production, cccxi, cccxii; steel production, cccxii; textile establish- ments, cccxiii; early industrial censuses, cccxliv; industrial census of 1896, origin, cccxliv; recommendations of the labor of- fice, cccxliv; legislation concerning, cccxlv; date, cccxlv; administrative au- thorities, cccxi v; division of the country, cccxlv; distribution of forms, cccxi vi; of- ficials and enumerators, cccxlvi; the enu- meration, cccxlvi; inquiries, cccxlix; re- vision, by enumerators, cccxlix; by com- munes, ccci; by the central office, ccci. Freight, amount paid by establishments for, ci; per cent distribution according to source of products, cxii, cxiii; revenue from, cxiii. Fruits, canning and preserving. See Can- ning and preserving, fruits and vegetables. Fruits, dried, quantity and value, cxxviii. Fuel used in establishments, cost, ci. Fuel, manufactured, summary, for idle estab- lishments, xlviii; for active establish- ments, by decades, 9. Fur goods, summary, by decades, cxliii, 9; by states and territories, 222; by character of ownership, 501; by value ot products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage- earners and time in operation, 552. Furnishing goods, men's, establishments included, cxlv; summary, by decades, cxliii, 9; by states and territories, 226; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Furniture, summary for idle establishments, xlviii; average number of wage-earners, Ixxviii; miscellaneous expenses, c; estab- lishments included, clx; growth of indus- try, clxi; location, clxi; rank of states and territories, ccviii; summary, l>y decades, clxi. 9; by states and territories, 226; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, cxciii, 509; by motive power, 516, 529; by wage-earners and time in op- eration, 546. Furs, dressed, summary, by decades, cxliii, 9; by states and territories, 230; by char- acter of ownership, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Galvanizing, summary, by decades, 9; by states and territories, 230; by .character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Gas, illuminating and heating, summary for idle establishments, xlviii; miscellaneous 652 INDEX. expenses, c; classification of industry, clxxii; summary, by decades, 9; by states and territories, 230; by character of own- ership, 499; by value of products, cxciii, 511; by motive power, 517, 530; by wage- earners and time in operation, 548; census schedule form for industry, 598. Gas and lamp fixtures, summary, by dec- ades, 9; by states and territories, 230; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Gas machines and meters, summary, for idle establishments, xlviii; for active es- tablishments, by decades, 9; by states and territories, 234; by character of own- ership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546. Geographic divisions, salaried employees and salaries, wage-earners and wages, dis- tributed by, Ixxi, Ixxiii, Ixxv, Ixxvii; summary of manufactures by, ccxii, ccxiv; per cent distribution of manufactures by, ccxvi. Georgia, leading industries, ccxi; summary . of manufactures by groups of industries, 482, See also States and territories. Germany, exports, ccc; ranl<: as a manufac- turing nation, cccxi; pig iron production, cccxi, cccxii; steel production, cccxii; cotton statistics, cccxiii; textile factories, eccxiii; early industrial censuses, cccxvii; census of 1895, preparations, cccxviii, cccxix; origin, cccxviii; legislation for, cccxviii; scope, cccxviii; administrative authorities, cccxix; date, cccxix; division of country, cccxix; organization of staff, cccxx; average size of enumeration dis- trict, cccxx; distribution of forms, cccxx; provision for expenses, cccxx; commission in Berlin and Breslau, cccxxi; difficulties in securing enumerators in cities, eccxxii; enumerators in specified cities, classified by occupations, cccxxiii; instructions to staff, cccxxiii; methods used to secure ac- curacy of statements, cccxxiv; treatment of enumerators, cccxxv; unit of census of manufactures, cccxxv; method of canvass- ing, cccxxvi; inquiries, cccxxvii; states making their own tabulation, cccxxix; revision of returns, cccxxix, cccxxx. Glass, summary for idle establishments, xlviii; average number of wage-earners, Ixxix, Ixxxi; miscellaneous expenses, C; rank of states and territories in manu- facture of, ccviii; localization, by states and cities, ccxli, ccxlii; specialization, by states and cities, ccxlii; summary, by dec- ades, 9; liy states and territories, 2.34; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, cxciv, 511; by motive po>ver, 518, 530; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550; census schedule form for industry, 598. Glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting, summary for idle establishments, xlviii; for active establishments, by decades, 9; by states and territories, 234; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 518; by wage- earners and time in operation, 550. Glass products. Scr Clay, glass, and stone products. Gloves and mittens, leather, summary, for idle establishments, xlviii; for active es- tablishments, cxliii, cxlvii; localization of industry, by states and cities, ccxlviii; specialization, by states and cities, ccxlviii ; by decades, 9; by states and territories, 234; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 510; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 548; census schedule form for in- dustry, 605. Glucose, summary for idle establishments, 1; summary of industries, for last two cen- suses, cxxviii; establishments included, cxxxviii; growth of industry, cxxxviii; process of manufacture, cxxxix; summary, by decades, 9; by states and territories, 238; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 544. Glue, summary for idle establishments, 1; materials used in industry, clxxvii; sub- sidiary products, clxxvii; summary of in- dustry, by decades, clxxviii, 9; by states and territories, 238; by character of owner- ship, 499; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Gold and silver, leaf and foil, summary, by decades, 10; by states and territories, 238; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 550. Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore, summary, by decades, 10; by states and territories, 238; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Governmental establishments, manufactures in, ccxxvii. Graphite and graphite refining, summary, for idle establishments, 1 ; for active establish- ments, by decades, 10; by states and terri- tories, 238; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 513 ; by moti-\'e power, 520; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 552. Grease and tallow, summary, clxxii; by dec- ades, 10; by states and territories, 238; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Great Britain, pig iron production, cccxi, cccxii; steel production, cccxii; wage- earners in textile factories, cccxiii; wool statistics, cccxi v; industrial investigation, ccclxiii; deficiencies in statistics of indus- tries, ccclxiv; board of trade to supervise an industrial census, ccclxiv. Grindstones, summary for idle establish- ments, 1; localization of industry, cclvi; summary, by decades, 10; by states and territories, 238; by clraracter of ownership, 500; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Gypsum wall plaster, summary, for idle es- tablishments, 1 ; for active establishments, by states and territories, 242; by charac- ter of ownership, 500; by value of prod- ucts, 511; by motive pOwer, 518; by wage- earners and time in operation, 550. Hairwork, summary, by decades, 10; by states and territories, 242; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Hamburg, industrial census of. Sec Germany. Hammocks, summary, by decades, 10; by states and territories. 242; by character of ownership, 497; iDy value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Hand knit goods, summary, for last two cen- suses, cxliii; by decades, 10; by states and territories, 242; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Hand stamps, summary, by decades, 10; by states and territories, 246; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Hardware, miscellaneous expenses, c; es- tablishments included, cliv; localization of industry, cclvii; summary, by decades, cliv, 10; by states and territories, 246; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546. Hardware, saddlery, summary, by decades, 10; by states and territories, 246; by char- acter of ownership, 498; by value of prod- ucts, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage- earners, 546. Harness factories, difficulty in reportiTig, xxiv. Hat and cap materials, summary for idle, establishments, 1; for active establish- ments, by decades, cxliii, 10; by states and territories, 250; by character of owner- ship, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive .power, 520; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Hats, felt, summary, cxliii, cxlv; quantity and value, cxlviii; localization of industry, by states and cities, ccxl; summary, by states and territories, 250; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Hats, straw, summary, cxlv; by states and territories, 250; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Hats, wool, summary, cxliii, cxlv; quantity and value, cxlviii; by decades, 10; by states and territories, 254; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool, summary, cxliii, cxlv; by states and territories, 250; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Hemlock, sawed, quantity and value, clxii. Hones and whetstones, summary for idle es- tablishments, 1; for active establishments, by decades, 10; by states and territories, 254; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in oper- ation, 550. Horseshoes, summary for idle establishments, 1; quantity and value of products, cliv; summary, by decades, 10; by states and territories, 254; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 54(1. Hosiery and knit goods, summary for idle establishments, 1; average number of wage-earners, Ixxviii, Ixxxi; summary for last two censuses, cxliii ; quantity and value of products, cxlviii; rank of states and territories, ccviii; localization of in- dustry, liy states, ccxliii; by cities, ccx; specialization, by states and cities, ecxliv; summary, by decades, 10; by states and territories, 254; by character o"f ownership, 497; by value of r'roducts, cxciii, 508; by motive power, 5l5, 531 ; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544;" census sched- ule form for industry, 599. House furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified, summary, for idle establish- ments, 1; for active establishments, by decades, 10; by states and territories, 258; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 552. INDEX. 653 Hungary, early industrial censuses, ccclviii; first general industrial census, ccclviii; legislation for, ccclix; date selected, ccclix; supervision, ccclix; preparations, ccclx; method of enumeration, ccclxi; schedules, ccclxi, ccclxii. Ice, manufactured, summary for idle estab- lishments, 1; miscellaneous expenses, c; quantity and value, cxxviii; summary, l)y decades, 11; by states and territories, 258; by character of ownerehip, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520, 531; by wage-earnere and time in opera- tion, 552; census schedule form for indus- try, 609. Idaho, summary of manufnetures liv groups of industries, -182. .Sec also States and territories. Idle establishments. Twelfth Census returns concerning, xliii; manner of making re- turns for, xliii; industries showing largest number of, xliii; summary, by states and territories, xlvi; by specified industries, xlviii. Illinois, leading industries, ccx; summary of manufactures liy groups of industries, 483. 5(f also States and territories. Illuminants and lubricants, wage-earners and value of products, clxxi. Imports, classification of, cccviii; value of, cccviii. cccix: leading crude products of tropical and subtropical growth imported for use in manufactures, cccx. Incorporated companies, defined, Ixii. See also Ownership. Indian Territory, summary of manufactm-es by gi-oups of industries, 483. See also States and teiTitories. Indiana, rates of wages paid in a boot and shoe factory in. Ixxxiv; leading industries, ccxi; summary of manufactures by groups of industries, 483. See also States and territories. Individuals, establishments owned by. See Ownership. Industrial censuses, of foreign countries. See specified countries. Industries, list of those omitted, xxii; diffi- culty in classifying, xxvi; ' list of, for which supplemental schedules were pro- vided, {note) xxvi; instructions to agents concerning returns, (note) xxvi; changes in wording, xxvii; localization, xxxix, ccxxviii; relationship of, cxxiii; allied by uses, cxxvii; specialization, ccxxix'; clas- sification of, 643. See also specified in- dustries. Ink, summary, by decades, 11; by states and territories, 262; by character of own- ei'ship. 499: by value of products, 511; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Ink, printing. See Ink. Ink, writing. See Ink. Inquiries, census, discussion of answers to, xxix; changes in, xxxiii. Instruments, professional and scientific, manufacture of, in governmental institu- tions, ccxxvii: summary, by decades, 11; by states and territories. 262; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage- earners and time in operation, 552. Internal Revenue, Bureau of, statistics of the manufacture of liquors, published by. cxxxiv. Iowa, collaboration with Federal Govern- ment in census of manufactures, xxxi; leading industries, ccxi; summary of manufactures by groups of industries, 483. See also States and territories. Iron and steel, summary for idle establish- ments, 1; ratio of capital invested to value of products, Ixvi; average number of wage- earners, Ixxviii; conditions during cen- sus year, cxiii; comparative summary, cxxiv, cl; rank of states and territories in industry, eeviii; localization, by states and cities, ccxi; specialization, by cities and states, ccxh', ccxlvi; growth of in- dustry — inteinational comjiarisons, cccxi; summary, by decades, 11; by specified industries, 32; by states and territories, 262, 468; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, cxciii, 509; by motive power, 516, 532; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546; census schedule form for industry, 601, 602. Iron and steel, blast furnaces. See Iron and steel. Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, washers, etc. See Iron and steel. Iron and steel, doors and shutters. See Iron and steel. Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, etc. See Iron and steel. Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. iSee Iron and steel. Iron and steel forgings. See Iron and steel. Iron and steel pipe, wrought. See Iron and steel. Italy, cotton mills in, cccxiii; ,factory in- vestigations in, ccclxvi. [ Ivory and bone work, summary, for idle j establishments, 1; for aQ,tive establish- ments, by decades, 11; by states and ter- ritories, 274; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Japan, cotton statistics, cccxiii. Japanning, summary, by decades, 11; by states and territories, 274; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Jewelry, summary for idle establishments, 1; establishments included, clxxxi; localiza- tion, by states and cities, ccxlvi; speciali- zation, by states and cities, ccxlvii; rank of states and territories, ccviii; summary, by decades, clxxxii, 11; by states and territories, 274; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, cxciv, 512; by moti\'e power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Jewelry and instrument cases, summary, by decades, 11; by states and territories, 278; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in oper- ation, 552. Jute and jute goods, summary, by decades, 11; by states and territories, 278; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544; census form for industry, 596. Kansas, leading industries, ccxi; summary of manufactures by groups of industries, 484. See also States and territories. Kaolin and ground earths, summary, for idle establishments, 1; for active establish- ments, by decades, 11; In' states and ter- ritories, 278; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Kentucky, leading industries, ccxi; sum- mary of manufactures by groups of indus- tries, 484. See also States and territories. Kuczynski, Dr. R. R., chapter (m industrial censuses of foreign countries prepared In', {note) cccxvii. Labels and tags, summary, clxiv; by dec- ades, 11; by states and territories, 278; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 510; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners anci time in operation, 548. Labor, ratio of cost of, to total cost of produc- tion, in selected cases, Ixxxv; hours of, Ixxxviii; instructions to special agents for obtaining hours of, xciii. Labor, Bureau of, investigation of wage- earners and wages, Ixxxvii, xci. Lamps and reflectors, summary, for idle establishments, 1; for active establish- ments, by decades, 11; by states and ter- ritories, 278; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Land, amount of capital invested in, by manufacturing industries, Ixv. Lapidary work, scope of classification, clxxxix ; growth of industry, clxxxix ; local- ization of industry, cclvii; summary, by decades, 12; by states and territories, 278; by character of ownership, 501 ; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Lard, refined, summary, cxxvii; by dec- ades, 12; by states and territories, 282; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Lasts, summary, by decades, 12; by states and territories, 282; tjy character of owner- ship, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet, summary, by decades, 12; by states and territories, 282; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Lead, smelting and refining. See Smelting and refining, lead. Leather and its finished products, average number of wage-earners, Ixxviii; scope of classification, clxiii; summary, cxxiv; by specified industries, 38; by states and territories, 470; by character of ownership, 499; value of products, 510; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Leather gloves and mittens. See Gloves and mittens, leather. Leather goods, manufacture of, in governmen- tal establishments, ccxxvii; rank of indus- try, cccxv; summary, by decades, 12; by states and territories, 282;' by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 510; by motive power, 517 ; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Leather, tanned, curried, and finished, de- crease in number of establishments manu- facturing, xlii; summary for idle estab- lishments, 1; average number of wage- earners, Ixxix; rank of states and terri- tories in, ccviii; localization, by states and cities, ccxlix; specialization, by states and cities, ccxlix; summary, by decades, 12; by states and territories, 286; by char- acter of ownership, 499; by value of prod- ucts, cxciii, 510; by motive power, 517, 532 ; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 548; census schedule form for indus- try, 606. Leipzig, enumerators classified by occupa- tions, cccxxiii. Lewis, Joseph D., (note) ccxxviii. Lime, summary, for idle establishments, 1; for active establishments, by decades, 12; by states and territories, 286; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 518; by wage- earners and time in operation, 550. Linen goods, summary for idle establish- ments, 1 ; international comparisons, cccxiv; 654 INDEX. summary, by decades, 12 ; by states and ter- ritories, 290 ; by charact er of ownership , 497 ; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Liquors and beverages, average number of wage-earners, Ixxviii; summary, cxxiv; scope, clxvi; growtli of industry, clxvi; summary, by specified industries, 44; by states and territories, 472; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 510; by motive power, 517; by wa^e-earners and time in operation, 548. Liquors, distilled, summary for idle establish- ments, 1; miscellaneous expenses, c; si^m- mary, cxxvii; establishments included, cxxxiii; rank of states and territories in industry, ccviii; summary, by decades, 12; by states and territories, 290; by char- acter of ownership. 499; by value of prod- ucts, 510; by motive power, 517; by wage- earners and time in operation, 548. Liquors, malt, summary for idle establish- ments, 1 ; ratio of capital invested to \alue of products, Ixvii; miscellaneous ex- penses, c; summary, cxxvii; class of es- tablishments included, cxxxiii; rank of states and territories in industry, ccviii; summary, by decades, 12; by states and territories, 290; by value of products, 510; by motive power, 517, 533; by wage- earners and time in operation, 548. Liquors, vinous, summary, for idle estab- lishments, 1; of industry, cxxviii; class of establishments included, cxxxiii; local- ization of manufacture, cclvii; summary, by decades, 12 ; by states and territories, 294 ; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 510; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Lithographing and engraving, miscellaneous expenses, c; summary, clxv; by decades, 12; by states and territories, 294; by char- acter of ownership, 499; by value of prod- ucts, 510; by motive power, 517 ; by wage- earners and time in operation, 548. Localization of industries, xxxix; by .states and cities, ccxxviii ; with value of prod- ucts, cclviii; by cities, cclix; causes of, cclx; in foreign countries, cclx. Locomotives, summary, civ; by states and territories, 294; by character of ownership , 498; by value of products, cxciv, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation,. 546. Looking-glass and picture frames, summary, for idle establishments, 1; for active estab- lishments, by decades, 12; by states and territories, 294; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546. Louisiana, cultivation of sugar cane in, cxxxvi; introduction into, cxxxvi; lead- ing industries, ccxi ; summary of manufac- tures by groups of industries, 484. .SVc also States and territories. Lumber, sawed, chief varieties, by quantity and value, clxii. Lumber and its remanufacture.s, average number of wage-earners, Ixxvii, Ixxviii; relative wages, Ixxxviii; summary, cxxiv; by specified industries, 32; by states and territories, 469; by character of ownership, 49S; by value of products, 509; by motive power,' 516; by wage-earners and time in operation. 546. Lumber and planing mill products, includ- ing sash, doors, and blinds, summary for idle establi.^liments, 1; average number of wage-earneruS, Ixxviii; scope of industry, clxii; rank of statesand territories, ccviii; summary, by decades, 12; by .-^tates and territories. 302 ; by character of ownership. 498; by value of products, cxciii, 509; by motive power, 516, 534; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546. Lumber and timber products, changes in methods of compiling, xxix; average number of wage-earners, xxxviii, Ixxviii; decrease in number of establishments, xlii; summary for idle establishments, 1; miscellaneous expenses, c; rank of indus- try, clix; by value of products, clxii; by states and territories, ccviii; summary, by decades. 12; by states and territories, 298; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, cxciii, 509; by motive power, 516, 533; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546; census schedule form for industry, 607. Machinery, tools, and implements, amount of capital invested, Ixv, Maine, leading industries, ccxi; summary of manufactures by groups of industries, 484. See also States and territories. Malt, summary, for idle establishments, 1; for active establishments, cxxvii; leading states and value of their products, cxxxiv; summary, by decades, cxxxiv, 12; by states and territories, 306; by character of own- ership, 499; by value of products, 510; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Managers, manner of reporting in 1890, Ixx. See also Officials, salaried clerks, etc. Maple, sawed, quantity and value, clxii. Mantels, slate, marble, and marbleized, summary, by decades, 12; by states and territories, 306; by character of owner- ship, 500; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners, 550. Manufactures, list of, how made, xxv; in- dustrial activity during census year, cxii; comparative summary for all establish- ments grouped by value cf products, cxiv; relation to mining and agricul- ture, cxc; urban and rural compared, cclxvii, cclxxiv; for cities, grouped ac- cording to population, cclxxii, cclxxiii; showing rank in each item, cclxxviii, cclxxxiv; summary, by states and terri- tories, ccxcii, 68; international compari- sons, cccxi. Marble and stone work, classification of, as factories and neighborhood industries, xxiv; decrease in number of establish- ments, xlii; idle establishments, 1; mis- cellaneous expenses, c; summary, by decades, 13; by states and territories, 306; by character cf ownership, 500; by value of products, cxciv, 511; by motive power, 518, 535; by wage-earners and time in op- eration, 550. Maryland, leading industries, ccxi; svim- mary of manufactures by groups of indus- tries, 485. See also States and territories. Massachusetts, cooperation between state and Federal governments in census tak- ing, xxxi; leading industries, ccx; sum- mary of manufactures by groups cf indus- tries, 485. See also States and territories. JIatclies, summary, for idle establishments, 1; for active establishments, by decades, 13; by states and territories, 310; by character of ownership. 498; by value of products. 509; bynmtive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 54(i. Materials used in establishments, compara- tive summary showing total cost of, xxxv, xxxvi; cost of, by classes, ci, civ; raw, distributed according to sources and groups of industries, cii, cv; cost of. com- pared with value of products, civ; par- tially manufactured, ciii, cv; relation to rank of industries, cviii; value added to, by manufacturing processes, cix, cxcv, cxcvi, cxcviii; by kinds, for leading states, ex. Mats and matting, summary, by decades, 13; by states and territories, 310; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by fl-age-earners and time in operation, 544. Mattresses and spring beds, summary, for idle establishments, 1; for active estab- lishments, by decades, 13; by states and territories, 310; by character of owner- ship, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Mechanical and neighborhood industries, line of demarcation between, and the fac- tory system defined, xxi. Medians, use in wage statistics, Ixxxviii. Men employed as wage-earners, comparative summary, xxxv, xxxvi; average number and wages, by states and geographic divi- sions, Ixxi ; ratio to total wage-earners and per cent of increase, Ixxv; in specified industries, Ixxvii, Ixxxi; in each month, compared with average for the year, Ixxx. Mendez, Don Antonio, cultivation of sugar cane by, cxxxvi. Metals and metal products, summary, cxxiv; industries included in classification , clxxxi ; summary, by specified industries, 50; by states and territories, 475; by character of ownership. 500; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners, Ixxviii, Ixxxvii, 550; by time in opera- tion, 550. Mexico, cotton statistics, cccxiii. Michigan, state census of, xxxi; leading in- dustries, ccxi; summary of manufactures by groups of industries, 485. See also States and territories. Mill supplies, cost of, ci. Millinery and lace goods, average number of wage-earners, Ixxxi; comparative sum- mary, Iviii, cxliii; articles included in classification, cxlvii; summary, bydecades, 13; by states and territories, 314; by char- acter of ownership, 497; by value of prod- ucts, Iviii, cxciv, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in opera^ tion, 544. Millstones, summary, by decades, 13; by states and territories, 314; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Mineral and miscellaneous products, sum- mary of, cxxviii. Mineral and soda waters, summary, for idle establishments, 1; miscellaneous expenses, c; summary, cxxviii, cxxxix; Ijy decades, cxl, 13; by states and territories, 314; by character of ownership, 499; liy value of products, 510; by motive power, 517; by wagp-earncjs and time in operation, 548. Minnesota, leading industries, ccxi; sum- mary of manufactures by groups of indus- tries, 485. See also States" and territories. Mining products, used as raw materials in manufacturing, cii; ratio to aggregate ton- nage transported by railroads" cxii; rela- tion to manufactures, cxc, cxcii. Mirrors, summary, for idle establishments, 1; for active cslaldishments, liy decades, 13; by states and territories, 318; bv character of ownership, 500; by \a\ue of products, 511; by motive power, 518; by wage-earn- ers and time in operaticm, 550. Miscellaneous expenses of establishments, distribution, xcix; reason for increase shown, xcix; for selected industries, c. See also specified industries. Miscellaneous industries, summary, by speci- fied industries, 62; by states and terri- tories, 479; l>y character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 513; by motive powei-, 519; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. AT- • • ^ Mississippi, leading industries, ccxii; sum- mary of manufactures by groups of indus- tries, 486. See also States and territories. Missouri, leading industries, ccxi; summary tif^ manufactures by groups of industries, 48(). See also States and territories. Models and patterns, summary, for idle estab- lishments, 1; for a,cn\'e establishments, by decades, 13; by states and territories, 318; by character of ownership , 501 ; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Montana, summary of manufactures by groups of industries, 486. See also States and territories. Monuments and tombstones, classification as factories or neighborhood industries, xxiv; summary, for idle establishments, 1; for acti^-e establishments, by decades, 13; by states and territories, 318; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 511; by moti^■e power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Motive power. See Power, motive. Mucilage and paste, summary, liy decades, 13; by states and territories, 322; by char- acter of ownership, 501; by ^alue of prod- ucts. 513; by motive power, 520; by wage- earners and time in operation, 552. Municipalities, comparative summary of manufactures in, 556. Music. See Printing and publishing, music. Musical instruments and materials, sum- mary for idle establishments, 1; miscel- laneous expenses, c; summary, by decades, 13: b^" states and territories, 322; by char- acter of ownership, 501; by value of prod- ucts, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage- earners and time in operation, 552; census schedule form for incmstry, 612. Musical instruments, organs. See Musical instruments and materials. Musical instruments, pianos. See Musical instruments and materials. Musical instruments, piano and organ mate- rials. Sec Musical instruments and mate- rials. Nails and spikes. See Iron and steel. Nebraska, leading industries, ccxi; summary of manufactures by groups of industries, 486. See also States and territories. Needles, pins, and hooks and eyes, summary, for idle establishments, 1 ; for active estab- lishments, by decades, 13; by states and territories, 320; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 51S; by wage-earners and time in operation. 550; census schedule form for industry, 609. Neighborhood and mechanical industries, line of demarcation between, and the factory system, xxi. Nets and seines, summaiy, by decades, 13; by states and territories, 326; by char- acter of ownership, 497; by value of prod- ucts, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage- earners and time in operation, 544. Nevada, summary of manufactures by groups of industrie.lishments, ccxxvii; summary, by decades, 14; by states and territories, 334; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, .546. Oregon, summary of manufactures by groups of industries, 489. See also States and territories. Ownership, character of, establishments classified by, xxxvii, liv; by states and territories, Iv, 493; by specified industries, Iviii, 497; by groups, Ixi. Packing and shipping of products, cost of partially manufactured materials used in, for selected industries, ciii. Paints, summary for idle establishments, 1; kinds of products, clxxiv; summary, by decades, 14; by states and territories, 334; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, cxciv, 511; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 550; census schedule form for indus- try, 610. Paints and dyes. See specified industries. Paper and printing, value of products, Ix; average number of wage-earners, Ixxviii; relative wages in paper industry, Ixxxvii; summary for last two censuses, cxxiv; industries included, clxiii; establish- ments and products, clxiii; summary for paper industries, clxiv; for printing and allied industries, clxv; by specified in- dustries, 38; by states and territories, 471; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 510; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Paper and wood pulp , summary for idle estab- lishments, 1; average number of wage- earners, Ixxix; rank of states and territories, in manufacture of, ccviii; summary, by decades, 14; by states and territories, 338; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, cxciii, 510; by motive power, 517 , 536 ; by wage-earners and time in op- eration, 548; census schedule form for in- dustry, 610. Paper goods, not elsewhere specified, sum- mary, for idle establishments, 1; for active establishments, by decades, 14; by states and territories, 338; by character of owner- ship, 499; by value of products, 510; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Paper patterns, summary, clxiv; by decades, 14 jby states and territories, 338; by char- acrer of ownership, 499; by value of products, 510; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Patent medicines and compounds, summary for idle establishments, 1; miscellaneous expenses, c; growth of industry, clxxvi; products included, clxxvii; summary, by decades, clxxvii, 14; by states and terri- tories, 342; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, cxciv, 511; by motive power, 51 S; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Paving materials, products included, clxxxix; summary, by decades, 14; by states and territories, 342; by character of ownership, 502; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in operation, 554. Peanuts, grading, roasting, etc., summary, by states and territories, 342; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 656 INDEX. 508; by motive power, 515; by wage- earners and time in operation, 544. Pencils, lead, summary, by decades, 14; by states and territories, 342; by character of ownership, 502; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520: by wage- earners and time in operation, 554: census schedule form for industry, 611. Pennsylvania, leading industries, ccx; sum- mary of manufactures by groups of indus- tries, 489. See also States and territories. Pens, fountain and stylographic, summary, by decades, 14; by states and territories, 346; by character of ownership, 502; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 554; census schedule form for indus- try, 611. Pens, gold, summary, by decades, 14; by states and territories, 346; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550; census sched- ule form for industry, 611. Pens, steel, summary, by decades, 14; by states and territories, 346; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509 ; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546; census sched- ule form for industry, 611. Perfumery and cosmetics, summary for idle establishments,!; kinds of products, clxxv; summary, by decades, 15; by states and territories, 346; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Petroleum, refining, summary for idle estab- lishments, 1; cost of materials used, ciii; products included in classification, clxxiii; rank of states and teiTitories in industry, ccviii; summary, by decades, 15; by states and territories, 346; by character of own- ership, 500; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550; census schedule form for industry, 612. Petroleum and other oils, freight traffic movement, cxiii. Phonographs and graphophones, summary, by decades, 15; by states and territories, 350; by character of ownership, 502; by value'of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 552. Photographic apparatus, summary, fur idle establishments, 1; for active establish- ments, by decades, 15; by states and ter- ritories, 350; by character of ownership, 502; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Photographic materials, summary, for idle establishments, 1; for active estaljlish- ments, by decades, 15; by states and tm'- ritories, 350; by character of ownership, 502; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Photolithographing and photoengraving, summary, clxv; by decades, 15; by states and territories, 350 ; by character of owner- ship, 499; by value of products, 510; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Pianos. See Musical instruments. Pickles, preserves, and sauces, summary for idle establishments, 1; miscellaneous expenses, c; summary, by decades, cxxvii, 15; by states and territories, 354 ; by char- acter of ownership, 497; by value of prod- ucts, 506, 508; by motivi' power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operatirm, 544. Pieceworkers, instructions to special agents concerning, xciv. Pig iron, quantity and value, produced in specified years, cvi, cl. See also Iron and steel. Pipes, tobacco, summary, by decades, 15; by states and territories, 354; by character of ownership, 502; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage- earners and time in operation, 552. Plated ware, summary, for idle establish- ments, 1; for active establishments, by decades, 15; by states and territories, 354; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Plumbers' supplies, products included in classification, clxxxiv; summary, by dec- ades, 15; by states and territories, 358; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Pocketbooks, summary, by decades, 15; by states and territories, 358; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 510; by motive power, 517; by wage- earners and time in operation, 548. Poplar, sawed, quantity and value, clxii. Population (estimated), rank of states and territories in manufactures, according to, cxcix. Portugal, cotton statistics, cccxiii; industrial investigations, ccclxvi. Pottery, terra cotta, and fire clay products, summary for idle establishments, 1; mis- cellaneous expenses, c; localization of industry, by states and cities, ccl, ccli; specialization, by states and cities, ccli; summary, by decades, 15; by states and territories, 358; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 518, 536; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550; census schedule form for industry, 613. Power, motive, used in manufacturing es- tablishments, aggregate employed in United States, xl, ccxxvi; summary, by decades, ccxx; ratio of each class tcj total horsepower, ccxxi; average per establish- ment in selected industries, ccxxi; sum- mary by specified industries, 515, 521; by states and territories, ccxxii, 22, 68, 514, 521. Prices, causes for changes in, cvi. Printing and publishing, average number of wage-earners, Ixxxi; summary of all in- dustries included in, clxv; of industries allied to, clxv; census schedule form for industry, 614. Printing and publishing, book and job, sum- mary for. idle establishments, 1; average number of wage-earners, Ixxix; miscel- laneous expenses, c; manufacture in gov- ernmental establishments, ccxxvii; sum- mary, by decades, 15; by states and ter- ritories, 362; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 510; by motive power, 517, 537; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Printing and publishing, music, miscella- neous expenses, c; summary, clxv; by dec- ades, 15; by states and territories, 362; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 510; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Printing and publishing, newspapers and periodicals, summary for idle establish- ments, ] ; average number of wage-earners, Ixxix; miscellaneous expenses, c; sum- mary, by decades, 15; by states and terri- tories, 36(>; by character of ownership, Iviii, 499; by value of products, Iviii, 510; by motive power, 517, 537; by wage- earners and time in operation, 548. Printing materials, summary, clxv; by dec- ades, 15; by states and territories, 366; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 510; by motive power, 517; by wage-earners and time in operation, 548. Products of manufacturing industries, rela- tion of materials to, ciii. See also Value of products. Proprietors and firm members, form of in- quiry concerning, Ixix; changes in method of reporting, Ixx, Ixxi; summary, by states and territories, 68. Prussia, industrial census of. See Germany. Pulp, from fiber other than wood, summary, by decades, 15; by states and territories, 370. Pulpgoods, summary for idle establishments, 1; for active establishments, by decades, 15; by states and territories, 370; by char- acter of ownership, 498; by value of prod- ucts, 503; by motive power, 516, 520; Vjy wage-earners and time in operation, 546, 554. Pumps, not including steattn pumps, sum- mary, by decades, 15; by states and ter- ritories, 370; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546, Quartiles, use in wage statistics, Ixxxviii, P^ailroads, relative wages, Ixxxvii; census schedule form for repair shops, 615. Red fir, sawed, quantity and value, clxii. Refrigerators, summary, for idle establish- ments, 1; for active establishments, by decades, 16; by states and territories, 370; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546. Regalia and society Ijanners and emblems, summary, by decades, 16; by states and territories, 370; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Relationship of industries. See Industries. Rhode Island, leading industries, ccxi; summary of manufactures by groups of industries, 489. See also States and ter- ritories. Rice, cleaning and polishing, ratio of capital invested to value of products, Ixvi; locali- zation of industry, cclviii; summary, cxxviii; by decades, 16; by states and terri- tories, 370; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544; census schedule form for industry, 615. Roofing materials, summary, for idle estab- lishments, 1; for active establishments, by decades, 16; by states and territories, 374'; by character of ownership, 502; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552 . Rubber and elastic goods, articles included in classification, clxxxix; the Goodyear patent, cxc; the Mackintosh patent, cxc; growth of industry, cxc; idle establish- ments, 1; average number of wage-earners, Ixxxi; summary, by decades, 16; bv states and territories, 374; by character ofowner- ship, 502; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520, 538; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Rules, ivory and wood, summary, by dec- ades, 16; l)y states and territories, 374; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage -earners and time in operation, 546, Rural manufactures compared with urban, average size of establishments, cclxvii; INDEX. 657 summary, cclxvii, cclxxiv; by states and geographic divisions, ccxcii; percentages of increase, cclxxv. Russia, cotton statistics, cccxiii;' basis of in- dustrial statistics, ccclxvi. Saddlery and harness, summary, for idle es- tablishments, 1; for active establishments, ' by decades, 16; by states and territories, 1 378; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 510; by motive power, 517; by wage-earner? and time in opera- tion, 548. Safes and vaults, summary, by decades, 16; by states and territories, 378; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546. Salaried employees, inquiry concerning, XXX, Ixix, Ixx; summary, urban and rursd, xxxv; factory, mechanical and neighbor- hood industries, xxxvi; by states and ter- ritories, Ixxii, 68; number to each wage- earner, Ixxiii; reasons for disproportionate increase in, Ixxiv; per cent of increase, by geographic divisions, Ixxiii. Salaries, inquiry concerning, Ixix, Ixxxiii; in urban and rural manufactures, xxxv; in factory, mechanical, and neighborhood industries, xxxvi; distribution by states and geographic divisions, Ixxi. Salt, summary for idle establishments, 1 ; cost of partially manufactured materials used, ciii; summary for last two censuses, cxxviii; quantity and value of 'salt pro- duced, cxxviii; localization of industry, cclvii; summary, by decades, 16; by states and territories, 378; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550; census sched- ule form for industry, 616. / Sand and emery paper and cloth, summary, for idle establishments, 1; for active estab- lishments, by decades, 16; by states and territories, 378; by character of ownership, 502; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in operation, 554. Sand products, summary for establishments manufacturing, clxxxi. Sausage, summary, for idle establishments, 1; for active establishments, for last two censuses, cxxvii; by decades, 16; by states and territories, 382; by character of owner- ship, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Sawmills, number, xxiii. Saws, summary for idle establishments, 1; development of industry, clvi; summary, by decades, clvi, 16; by states and ter- ritories, 382; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546. Saxony, industrial census. See Germany. Scales and balances, summary, for idle estab- lishments, 1; for active establishments, by decades, 16; by states and territories, 382; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 546. Schedules, census, outline of, xxvi; changes in classification, xxvii; examination of, xxviii; form of inquiries concerning per- sons employed and wages, Ixix, Ixx, Ixxiv, Ixxxiii; general form used, 577; sample for instruction of agents, 579; supplemental, 581; instructions for editing and revising, 637; instructions for classifying, 643. Screws, machine, summary, for idle estab- lishments, 1; for active establishments, by decades, 16; by states and territories, 382; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners, and time in operation, 546. Screws, wood, summary, by decades, 16; by states and territories, 382; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earn- ers and time in operation, 546. Sea products, used as raw materials, cii. Senate Committee on Finance, report on wholesale prices, wages, and transporta- tion, method used to find relative wages for all industries, Ixxxvi. Sewing machine cases, summary, by dec- ades, 16; by states and territories, 386; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546. Sewing machines and attachments, summary, by decades, 16; by states and territories, 386; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion 546; census schedule form for in- dustry, 616. Shipbuilding, decrease in number of estab- lishments engaged in, xlii; idle establish- ments, 1; number of active establishments and value of products for each form of ownership, Ix, Ixi; average number of wage-earners, Ixxviii; summary, cxxiv, 62; classes of water craft, clxxxvii; increase in importance of industry, clxxxvii; number and tonnage of vessels launched, clxxxvii; governmental establishments engaged in, ccxxvii; summary, by decades, 16; by states and territories, 386, 478 ; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 512; bymotive power, 519, 538; by wage- earners and time in operation, 552; census schedule form for industry, 617. Shipbuilding, iron and steel. See Ship- building. Shipbuilding, wooden, including boat build- ing. Sfc Shipbuilding. Shirts, summary for idle establishments, 1; miscellaneous expenses, c; summary for last two censuses, cxliii; growth of indus- try, cxliv; summary, by decades, 17; by states and territories, 390; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Shoddy, summary, for idle establishments, 1; for active' establishments, by decades, 17; by states and territories, 390; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Show cases, summary, by decades, 17; by states and territories, 390; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546. Sidewalks, relative wages paid in manu- facture of, Ixxxvii. Silk and silk goods, summary for idle estab- lishments, 1; average number of wage- earners in industry, Ixxix, Ixxxi; miscel- laneous expenses, c; quantity and value of silk broad goods, cxlviii; localization of industry, by states and cities, cclii; spe- cialization, by states and cities, cclii ; value of products in United States and France compared, cccxiv; summary, by decades, 17; by states and territories, 390; by character of ownership, 497; by value of Eroducts, 508; by motive power, 615, 539; y wage-earners and time in operation, 544; census schedule form for industry, 617. Silversmithing and silverware, summary for idle establishments, 1; miscellaneous expenses, c; articles included in classi- fication, clxxxii; summary, for plated ware combined with, clxxxii; by decades, 17; by states and territories, 394; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 518; by wage-earn- ers and time in operation, 550. Slaughtering and meat packing, summary for idle establishments, 1; average num- ber of wage-earners, Ixxix; summary, cxxvii; development of industry, cxxix; difficulty in classifying establishments, cxxix; localization of industry, by states and cities, ccliii; specialization, by states and cities, ccliv; rank of states and ter- ritories, ccviii; number of cattle slaugh- tered in specified cities, cccxv; summary, by decades, 17 ; by states and territories, 394; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, cxxix, 50^; bymotive power, 515, 539; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544; census schedule form for industry, 619. Slaughtering, wholesale, not including meat pa(;king, summary, cxxvii; by decades, 17; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products', 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 544. Smelting and refining, copper, summary, for idle establishments, lii; for active establishments, by decades, 17; by states and territories, 394; by character of owner- ship, 500; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 518, 539; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550; census schedule form for industry, 590. Smelting and refining, lead, summary, for idle establishments, lii; for active estab- lishments, by decades, 17 ; by states and territories, 398; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 512; bymotive power, 519; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550; census schedule form for industry, 604. Smelting and refining, not from the ore, ratio of capital invested in industry to value of products, Ixvii; summary, by decades, 17; by states and territories, 398; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 519; by wage-earners and time in operation , 550. Smelting and refining, zinc, summary, for idle establishments, lii; for active estab- lishments, by decades, 17; by states and territories, 398; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 512; bymotive power, 519; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550; census schedule form for industry, 625. Soap, summary for idle establishments, lii; miscellaneous expenses, c; kinds of prod- ucts, clxxvii; subsidiary products, clxxvii; summary of industry, by decades, 17; by states and territories, 398; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550; census schedule form for industry, 620. Soda water apparatus, summary, for idle establishments, lii; for active establish- ments, by decades, 17; by states and ter- ritories, 398; by character of ownership, 502; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in operation, 554. South America, exports of hides from, cccxv. South Carolina, leading industries, ccxii; summary of manufactures by groups of ■ industries, 490. See also States and ter- ritories. MFG — FT 1—07- -42 658 INDEX. South Dakota, summary of manufactures tay groups of industries, 490. See also States and territories. Spain, cotton statistics, cccxiii. Specialization of industries by states and cities, ccxxix, cclx. Spice industry, relative wages, Ixxxvii. Sporting goods, summary, by decades, 17 ; by states and territories, 402; by character of ownership, 502; by value of products, 513; bymotivepower, 520; by wage-earners and time in operation, 554. Springs, steel, car and carriage, summary for idle establishments, lii; quantity and value of products, clvi; summary, by decades, 17; by states and territories, 402; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546. Spruce, sawed, quantity and value, clxii. Stamped ware, value produced by establish- ments otherwise classified, clvi, clxxxv; articles included in classification, clxxxiv; summary, by decades, 17 ; by states and ter- ~ ritories, 402; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 512 ; by motive power, 519; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Starch, summary for idle establishments, lii; kinds of product included in classification, clxxvii; subsidiary products, clxxvii; summary, by decades, 17; by states and territories, 402; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550; census schedule form for industry, 620. State statistical offices, scope of investiga- tions, xxx; cooperation with Census Bu- reau, XXX, xxxi. States and territories, decrease in number of establishments in specified states, xlii; idle establishments, xlvi; character of ownership of establishments, Iv; salaried ^ employees and salaries, wage-earners and wages, Ixxi; rank according to gross value of products, cxcviii, cciv; rank m selected industries, ccv, ccviii; amount of each kind of power used by, ccxxii; localiza- tion of industries by, ccxxviii, cclviii; ur- ban and rural manufactures in, cclxxv, ccxcii; summary of all industries by, ccxii; principal cities outranking, m value of products, cclxxxii, 22, 68; sum- mary of specified industries for, 74; of groups of industries by, 466, 480; of es- tablishments in, by character of owner- ship, 493; distribution of establishments by value of products, 503; by motive power, 514, 521; by wage-earners and time m operation, 542. Stationery goods, summary, for idle estab- lishments, lii; for active establishments, by decades, 17; by states and territories, 406; by character of ownership, 502; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 554. Statuary and art goods, summary, by states and territories, 406 ; by character of owner- ship, 500; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Steam fittings and heating apparatus, sum- mary for idle establishments, lii; products classified as, clvi; materials used, clvi; summary, clvi; by decades, 18; by states and territories, 406; by character of own- ership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546. Steam packing, summary, for idle establish- ments, lii; for active establishments, by decades, 18; by states and territories, 406; by character of ownership, 502; by value of products, 518; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 554. Steel. See Iron and steel. Steel rails, comparison of quantity and value, cvi; Bessemer, average prices, cvi. Steel works and rolling mills, subsidiary products, cli. See also Iron and steel and their products. Stencils and brands, summary, by decades, 18; by states and territories; 410; by char- acter of ownership, 498; by value of prod- ucts, 509; bymotivepower, 516; by wage- earners and time in operation, 546. Stereotyping and electrotyping, summary, clxv; by decades, 18; by states and terri- tories, 410; by character of ownership, 499; by value of products, 510; by motive power, 517 ; by wage-earners and time in ^ operation, 548. Stone industry, relative wages, Ixxxvii; sum- mary, clxxx, clxxxi. Stoves, gas and oil, summary, for idle estab- lishments, lii; for active establishments, by decades, 18; by states and teri'itories, 414; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546. Stoves and furnaces, not including gas and oil stoves, summary for idle establish- ments, lii; development of industry, clvi, clvii; summary, by states and territories, 410; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516 ; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546. Straw goods, not elsewhere specified, sum- mary, for idle establishments, lii; for active establishments, for last two censuses, cxliii ; by decades, 18; by states and territories, 414; by character of ownership, 502; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520 ; by wage-earners and time in operation , 554. Structural ironwork, summary for idle estab- lishments, lii; quantity and value of struc- tural beams, girders, etc., reported by steel works and rolling mills, clvii; sum- mary, by decades, 18; by states and terri- tories, 414; by character .of ownership, ,498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516, 540; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546. Stuttgart, industrial census of, cccxxii; enu- merators classified by occupations, cccxxiii. Subsidiary products, articles of manufacture classified as, xxviii. Sugar, quantity manufactured from import- ed and native materials, cxxxvi. Sugar and molasses, refining, summary, for idle establishments, lii; for active estab- lishments for last two censuses, cxxvii; gross value of products, cxxxiv; difficulties m classification, cxxxiv; localization of industry, cxxxv; summary, 1850 to 1870, cxxxv; review of the industry, cxxxv; im- provement in process, cxxxvi, cxxxvii; summary, by decades, 18; by states and territories, 418; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515, 540; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Sugar cane in the United States, cxxxvi. Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids, sum- mary for idle establishments, lii; subsid- iary products of industry, clxxiii; sum- mary, by states and territories, 418; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550; census schedule form for industry, 621. Superintendents, general, manner of report- ing, Ixx. Supplemental schedules, use in last census, xxiv; list of industries requiring, xxvi; for specified industries, 581. Surgical appliances, summary, for idle estab- lishments, lii; for active establishments, by decades, 18; by states and territories, 418; by character of ownership, 502; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520 ; by wage-earners and time in operation, 554. Sweden, industrial investigations, ccclxyi. Switzerland, cotton statistics, cccxiii; in- dustrial investigations, ccclvi, ccclvii; factory legislation, ccclvi; scope of indus- trial investigations, ccclvi, ccclvii. Tabulation of statistics, system used, xxviii. Taxes, not including internal revenue, amount paid for, xcix. See also specified industries. Tennessee, summary of manufactures by groups of industries, 490. See also States and territories. Texas, leading industries, ccxi; summary of manufactures by groups of industries, 490. See also States and territories. Textiles, average number of wage-earners, Ixxviii ; cost of raw materials, cii ; summary, cxxiv; development of industry, cxl, cxli; materials and selected articles of clothing, by kind, quantity, and value, cxlviii ; scope of classification, cxlii; international com- parisons, cccxii, cccxiv; summary, by specified industries, 26; by states and ter- ritories,* 467; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Time in operation, establishments classified according to variations in periods of activ- ity, xciv; by groups of industries, xcv; per cent distribution, xcvi, xcvii, xcviii; for given industries, 546. Tin and terne plate, summary, for idle estab- lishments, lii; for active establishments, by decades, 18; by states and territories, 418; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 546; census schedule form for indus- try, 621. Tinfoil, summary, by decades, 18; by states and territories, 418 ; by character of owner- ship, 500; by value of products, 512; by rnotive power, 519; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550. Tinware, summary, for idle establishments, lii; for active establishments, by decades, 18; by states and territories, 422; by char- acter of ownership, 500; by value of prod- ucts, 512; by motive power, 519; by wage- earners and time in operation, 550. Tobacco, average number of wage-earners, Ixxviii, Ixxxi; summary, cxxiv; by specified industries, clxxxv, 56; by states and territories, 476; by character of own- ership, 501; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 519; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Tobacco, chewing and smoking, and snuff, summary for idle establishments, lii; ratio of capital invested to value of products, Ixvi; miscellaneous expenses, c; summary! by decades, 18; by states and territories, 422; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 512; by motive power, 519; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 552. Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes, summary for idle establishments, lii; ratio of capital in- vested to value of products, Ixvi; average number of wage-earners, Ixxviii; miscella- neous expenses, c; rank of states and terri- tories in manufacture of, ccviii; summary by decades,18; by states and territories' INDEX. 659 ■420; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 512 ; by motive power, 519 ; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Tools, not. elsewhere specified, summary for idle establishments, Hi; articles included in classification, clvii; summary, by dec- ades, 18; by states and territories, 430; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546. Toys and games, summary, for idle establish- ments, lii; for active establishments, by decades, 18; by states and territories, 430; by character of ownership, 502; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Trunks and valises, summary, for idle estab- lishments, lii; for active establishments, by decades, 18; by states and territories, 434; by character of ownership, 502; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 554. Turpentine and rosin, change in method of compiling statistics, xxix; idle estab- lishments, lii; ratio of capital invested to value of products, Ixvii; products included, clxxiv; rank of states and territories in manufacture of, ccviii ; localization of in- dustry, cclvii; summary, by decades, 18; by states and territories, 434; by character 01 ownership, 500; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 518; by wage-earn- ers and time in operation, 550; census schedule form for industry, 622. Type founding, summary, clxv; by decades, 19; by states and territories, 438; by char- acter of ownership, 500; by value of prod- ucts, 512; by motive power, 519 ; by wage- earners and time in operation, 550. Typewriters and supplies, summary, by decades, 19; by states and territories, 438; by character of ownership, 498 ; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546. Umbrellas and canes, summary, by dec- ades, 19; by states and territories, 438; by character of ownership, 502; by value of products, 513; by motive power, 520; by wage-earners and time in operation, 554. United Kingdom, exports of, ccc; rank as a manufacturing nation, cccxi; cotton sta- tistics, cccxiii; rank of linen industry, cccxiv. United States, manufacturing establish- ments classified by character of ownership, Iv; inquiry concerning wages by Senate committee, Ixxxvi; urban and rural manu- factures, cclxvii; average size of establish- ments, cclxvii; rank as a manufacturing nation, cccxi; quantity of iron and steel produced, cccxii; cotton statistics, cccxiii; number of establishments and wage-earn- ers in textile industry, cccxiii ; rank and growth of wool industry, cccxiv; reasons for manufacturing supremacy, cccxvi. Upholstering materials, summary, for idle establishments, lii; for active establish- ments, by decades, 19; by states and terri- tories, 438; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515; by wage-earners and time in operation, 544. Urban manufactures, classified by popula- tion of city, XXX ; limitation of statistics, cclxiii; special canvass, cclxvi; average size of establishments, cclxvii; summary, cclxvii, cclxxiv; by states and geographic divisions, ccxcii; percentages of increase, cclxxv. Utah, summary of manufactures by groups of industries, 491. See also States and' ter- ritories. Value of products manufactured, summary, for urban and rural manufactures, xxxv; for factory, neighborhood, and mechanical industries, xxxvi; for all establishments in United States, cxiv, 3, 503; for municipal- ities, 556; by character of ownership, xxxvii, 493; by specified industries, civ, cix, 508; gross and net value compared with cost of materials, ex; defects in report on, ex; by states and territories, ex, cciv, 70, 466, 503; ratio of capital to, Ixv, Ixvi/ Ixvii; census inquiry concerning, cvii, cxj duplication of cost of materials in gross value, cvii, cxxiii; effect of low prices up- on, cxiii; rank of industries according to, cxciii; of states and territories, cxcviii; states and territories outranked by princi- pal cities in, cclxxxii. Varnishes, miscellaneous expenses, c; va- rieties included in classification, clxxiv; summary, by decades, 19; by states and territories, 438; by character of ownership, 500; by value of products, 511; by motive power, 518; by wage-earners and time in operation, 550; census schedule form for industry, 610. Vault lights and ventilators, summary, for idle establishments, lii; for active estab- lishments, by decades, 19; by states and territories, 442; by character of ownership, 498; by value of products, 509; by motive power, 516; by wage-earners and time in operation, 546. Vegetable products, comparative summary, cxxvii; discussion of, cxxxi. Vegetables. See Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables. Vehicles for land transportation, average number of wage-earners, Ixxviii; growth of industry, clxxxv; steam and electric cars, clxxxv; carriages, wagons, automo- biles, and bicycles, clxxxvi; summary, cxxiv; by specified industries, 56; by states and territories, 477; by character of ownership, 501; by value of products, 512 ; by motive power, 519; by wage-earners and time in operation, 552. Ventilators. See Vault lights and ventila- tors. Vermont, summary of manufactures by groups of industries, 491. See also States and territories. Vinegar and cider, summary, for idle estab- lishments, lii; for active establishments, by decades, 19; by states and territories, 442; by character of ownership, 497; by value of products, 508; by motive power, 515 ; by wage-earners and time in opera- tion, 544. Virginia, leading industry, ccxi; summary of manufactures by groups of industries, 491. See also States and territories. Wage-earners, presentation of statistics, xxx; census inquiry concerning, Ixix, Ixx; changes in form, Ixx, Ixxxiii, Ixxxiv; supplementary inquiry, Ixxxviii; use of cumulative percentages, medians, and quartiles in presenting, Ixxxviii; average number as reported on census and special schedules compared, xc; instructions to special agents concerning, xciii; men, women, and children employed as, xxxv; average number in urban and rural man- ufactures, xxxv; in factory, mechanical, and neighborhood industries, xxxvi; ratio to salaried employees, Ixxiii; per cent of increase, Ixxiii; increased accuracy in reporting, Ixxiv; reasons for small propor- tional increase, Ixxiv; distribution, by states and territories, Ixxi, 22, 542; by geographic divisions, Ixxi, Ixxv, Ixxvii; average number in specified industries and groups of industries, Ixxvii, Ixxviii, 26, 74, 466, 480; in 25 leading industries, Ixxviii; employed during each month, Ixxix, 72; greatest and least numblMtt>WiilMJUiKlimHiM>llllU,a»HiilMWWiilllHIH»'«mtfUMtW«J: I "M ll'i'»>!l|il|>>HII|ill!|l|1i||l||||lil|lllillllllllillll!!i{|:|lliiill m!i„.,! ■, |i