CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FROM Cornell University Library UA364 22d .W76 History of the Twenty-second regiment of oiin 3 1924 030 725 166 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030725166 THE LATE ADJUTANT-GENERAL JOSIAH PORTER. HISTORY OF THE ^t»en(g^^econb (Regiment OF THE National Guard of the State of New York from iia ^rganijafion to 1895 BY GENERAL GEORGE W. WINGATE New York ; Edwin W. Dayton, Puei.ishf.r anh Bookseller, 641 Madison Avenue. Copyright, 1896 GENERAL GEORGE W, WINGATE Printed ey Chas. Francis, 30-32 West 13TH St. New York City CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. P*GE OliGANIZATION OF THE TWENTY-SECOND ....... 1 Banks and insurance companies decide to organize brigade of Union Grays; committee's advertisement and meeting for organization May 31, 1861, i; civil officers elected, 2; hon- orary members of Union Grays, 3 ; resolutions appointing asso- ciate committee from banks and insurance companies, 3 ; stand- ing committees appointed, 4; amount subscribed, 5; James Monroe selected as colonel, 5. Company A — Its organization and its first officers, 6; its armory on Sixth Avenue, 9; its first company order, 9. Company B — Organized from Federal Chas- seurs and joins the Twenty-second, November, 11, 1861, 10; its first armory and officers, 1 1. Company C — Organized May 13, 1862, II; its first officers and armory, 1 1 . Company D — Organized from different banks, 11 ; its armory and first officers, 12. Company E — Organization, armory and first officers, 12; disbanded in 1863, and reorganized in 1868, 12. Company F — Organized Jan- uary 8, 1862, 13; its first armory and officers, 13. Company G — Organized from White Ball Club, 13; its first officers, 14; be- comes "City Cadets," 14; joins Union Grays, 14. Company H — Organized from White Ball Club, 15; drilled as flank com- pany to act as skirmishers, 15; its first officers and armory, 15. Company I — Organized upon the departure of the regiment, June, 1862, 15; its first officers and armory, 15 (see also Chap. IV., page 36). Company K — Organized February, 1863, from "Lindsay Blues," 16; its first officers, 16; first general order issued to Twenty-second, 16; first parade of the Twenty-second, 17 ; strength of companies April i, 1862, 18. CHAPTER II. First Uniforms, Arms and Officers 19 The "Strawberry Gray" uniform, 19; Enfield rifles imported by the regiment, 20; sword bayonets not admired, 20; regi- mental headquarters procured in Fourth Street, 21; Col. James Monroe, description of, 21 ; companies' drill three times a week, 22 ; thorough course of instruction prescribed by Col. Monroe, , 1 22 ; regiment joins the State National Guard, 23 ; officers of Twenty-second at this date, 24; how the National Guard was managed in 1861, 26; changes made by Gen. Shaler in 1S68, 27, X ConfenfB CHAPTER III. PAGE The First Call to the Field 28 Retreat of Banks in the Shenandoah Valley, 28 ; excitement in Baltimore, 29; New York State Militia ordered to Washing- ton except the Twenty-second, 30; its Board of Officers demand that regiment be sent forward, 30 ; order directing regiment to proceed to Washington, 31; Col. Monroe's orders for the field, 32-33- CHAPTER IV. The Departure for Baltimore . . . 34 Regiment forms in Lafayette Place, May 28, 1862, 34; scenes during the assembly, 34; great enthusiasm during the march, 35 ; Company I is organized and follows the regiment the next day, 36; roll of the officers in the campaign of 1862, 36; officers not accompanying the regiment decided to forfeit their com- ihissions, 38 ; list of regiments sent by New York State to the front in response to this call, 39 ; breakfast at the Cooper Shop in Philadelphia, 39 ; strength of regiment in campaign, 40. CHAPTER V. Service at Baltimore .... ... -41 Threatening condition of the city, 41 ; camps of the New York regiments, 41; the Twenty-second establishes "Camp Monroe" at Patterson Park, 42 ; orders prescribing camp routine, 42 ; sentries attacked, 44 ; recruits arrive, 45 ; crowded condition of tents, 45 ; difficulty in commisariat during the first week, 46 ; rainy weather experienced, 46; first rifle practice by regiment, June 30, 1862, 46; industry of the officers, 47; Sanitary Com- mittee presents men with Havelocks; also testaments and hymn- books, 48; dress parades, 48; running the guard, 49; members snubbed by the secessionist ladies, 50; complimented by Maj.- Gen. Dix, 51; mustered into the United States service June 18, 1862, for three months, 52; assisting wounded from McClel- lan's army, 52; sad appearance that they presented, 52; disgust at the conduct of the funeral services at hospitals, 53. CHAPTER VI. Ordered to Harper's Ferry Reenforcements called for, to defend Harper's Ferry, 54; Col. Monroe reports the Twenty-second ready to move at once, 54; orders received at midnight, 54; regiment leaves camp at 9.30 A.M., 54; joy of camp followers at the delicacies abandoned in the tents, 54; discomforts and dangers of railroad journey, 55; description of Harper's Ferry, 56; Bolivar Heights, 57; battery on Maryland Heights, 57; marched to camp on Bolivar Heights, 58; order prescribing' routine of camp, 59; called to arms at 54 ConfenfB xi PACE dawn, 6i ; regiment removed to Camp Hill, 6i ; martial law and condition of country, 62 ; severe orders from War Department against absentees, 63. CHAPTER VII. Hakper's Ferry ... 64 Regiments stationed there with the Twenty-second, 64; hours of drill, 64 ; terrible dust, 67 ; practical joke on Maryland cavalry causes trouble, 67; target firing practised, 68; bathing and its incidents, 71; tobogganing in Shenandoah Rapids, 73; lime water causes much illness in the regiment, 73 ; Fourth of July cel- ebrated by athletic games, 74; cartridge boxes required to be kept full, 74; dispute settled as to duties of sentry to obey officer of guard and of the day, 74; inspection by Gen. Wool and his compliments, 75 ; Gen. Miles the brigade commander, 75 ; death of Col. James Monroe, July 31, 1862, 7b; deep grief of the Twenty-second, 76 ; the funeral, 76 ; monument erected by the regiment, 79; Lieut.-Col. Lloyd Aspinwall assumes command, 79 ; want of confidence first felt in regard to him, 79 ; he wins the respect of his command, 80; his life and death, 80; gray uniforms sent home, 80; also band, 81 ; army shoes adopted, 81 ; detachments sent to guard railroad, 81 ; picket duty and its inci- dents, 82; sentries unable to see a fugitive slave, 84; crowds of contrabands in Harper's Ferry, 85 ; the extreme heat in the day- time, 86; the cold at night, 86; thunder-storms, 89; pleasures of camp life, 90; songs of the War, go; the practical jokes, 90; pathetic scenes, 92; seizure of smuggled liquor, 94; long sermon by the chaplain, 95; officers elected in the field, 96; the annoy- ance from the flies, 99 ; the absence of .'imall change, loo. CHAPTER VIII. An Attack Threatened . 103 The men required to sleep in their clothes, 103 ; prisoners brought in, 103; raids on the railroad and its construction, 103 ; McGrath's Battery opens on the rebel scouts^, 104; officers stake out a star for a camp-fire, 105; Gen. Pope assumes command, 105; the grape-vine telegraph and its reports, 106; the regiment drilled as skirmishers to repel expected attack, 106; loading and firing muzzle-loaders when lying down, 106; a "Union" berry- woman exposed, 107 ; officers sent on cuurtmartial duty, 107 ; ordered under arms, loS ; the breastwork on Camp Hill, 11 1; G Company constructs gun platform in left bastion, iii; fortifi- cation badly planned, 112; how it was flanked at capture of Harper's Ferry, 113 (see also detailed account by Col. John Ward of the Twelfth, of the particulars of the attack and capture, appendix, page 655); Twenty-second instructed in artillery, 117; position assigned companies behind breastwork, 117; orders for artillery drill, 117; regiments learn how to do everything with cannon but shoot them, 118; blunder in polishing a brass Napo- leon gun, 119; the post reenforced, 120 ; new regiments utterly ignorant of drill, 120; instructed by non-members of Twenty- second, 120 ; discipline in Twepty-second compared vrith that of volunteers, 123, xii C^nfente CHAPTER IX. Ordered Home ... • '24 Ordered to return on August 24, 124; service o£ regiment tendered for ten days additional, 124; difficulty in securing its acceptance, 125 ; detachment sent to Winchester, 125 ; its narrow escape, 126; regiment returns and is hospitably treated at Philadelphia, 126; is received by friends at dock in New York, 126; Gov. Seymour's order of thanks, 127; Gen. Hallock's unjust attack on National Guard, 128; its answer by their officer., 129. CHAPTER X. Guarding Spinola's Brigade 13° What the brigade was, 130; on trials in its camp caused by sale of liquor, 130; Twenty-second ordered to guard brigade Sept. 14, 1862, 131 ; severity of guard duty, 131 ; matter exposed in the newspapers, 131 ; Gen. "Dick" Busteed reviews Twenty-second, 132; burlesque account of the review, 133. CHAPTER XI. A New Colonel and a Regimental Armory . . 137 Col. Aspinwall elected colonel without opposition, 137; inspec- tions poorly attended, 137; K Company joins the Twenty-second, making ten companies, 139; State purchases and re-issues its Enfields to the regiment, 139; Palace Garden on Fourteenth Street leased by supervisors for a regimental armory, 140; regi- ment builds the administration building, 140; Board of Officers first meets in regimental armory May 5,1863, 141; "Union Grays" abandoned, 141. CHAPTER XII. Ordered to Pennsylvania . . . 144 Preparation for expected field service, 142 ; President and Sec- retary of War appeal to Governor of New York for troops, 142 ; correspondence between Gov. Seymour, Secretary of War, and Gov. Curtm, 143; New York sends 12,000 men immediately, 145; list of regiments sent by New York on this call, ; no other State has any National Guard, 146 ; further troops called for, 147. CHAPTER XIII. The Departure for Pennsylvania . . 148 Regiment marches June 17, 1863, 14S; the duty recognized as most serious, 148; enthusiastic reception in Philadelphia, 149; New York National Guard put under control of its division and brigade commanders, 149 ; organization of guard at this time, 149; incompetency of brigade and division generals, 150; how the First Division used to be handled on parade, 150; cause of Confenfe xiii PAGE placing these officers in command, 152; Gen. Wm. F. Ewen and his management of brigade, 153; officers who served in this campaign, 154; strength of the different companies, 156; on the train for Harrisburg, 156. CHAPTER XIV. Harrisburg . . ... 158 Camp Curtin, 158; the Pennsylvania "emergency men" un- organized and not friendly towards the New York troops, 159; Landis' Battery, 159; its officers and organization, 159; incidents of its first march, 160; impossibility of opposing disciplined troops with raw levies, 162 ; why was not Harrisburg attacked ? 163; Lee held in check by force displayed, 163; delays caused by want of discipline in new troops, 164; Gen. Couch reports to Secretary of War condition of affairs, 164 ; regiments ordered to Bridgeport, 165; regiments around Harrisburg, 166; Couch had only 250 men when Pennsylvania was invaded, 166; New York N. G. his only organized force, 166; many volunteers at work upon Pittsburg fortifications, but few at those of Harrisburg, 167. CHAPTER XV. In Camp on the Susquehanna . . 168 The Twenty-second sent down the York road, 168 ; spends a rainy night in a barn, 168; establishes Camp Cox, 169; extor- tions practised in Harrisburg on soldiers, 169; reports in New York papers supposed to be sensational and, in fact, accurate, 170; close approach of Confederate troops, 170; Gen. Couch to Secretary Stanton, 171; Gen. Couch to Gen. Hallock, 171; Gen. W. F. Smith to Gen. Couch, 171; Col. Reno reports 18,000 Con- federates at Carlisle, 172; bridge across Susquehanna pre- pared to be burned, 172; roads blocked by swarms of fugitives, 172; Gen. Wm. F. (Baldy) Smith assumes command of all troops across the Susquehanna. 173; furlough members of Twenty- second return from New York to participate in expected battle, 173- CHAPTER XVI. Fortifying Bridgeport .... .... 174 Enemy reported close at hand, 174 ; troops required to be ready for an immediate attack, 174 ; spies fired on while escaping from camp, 174: enemy reported within four miles, 175; regiment digs rifle-pits, 175 ; builds a large one through the front yard of a "Copperhead" who did not think there were any rebels in the State, I7,S; fells a hickory grove, 175; detachment from New York joins the regiment, 176; regiment assembles for Sunday services, 177; interrupted by orders to march, 177; Gen. Couch to Secretary Stanton, that enemy is 19,000 strong and has opened with artillery four miles from his defences, 177 ; Couch's report of details of advance, 177; York occupied by Gen. Early, 177; bridge at Columbia burned, 177; Confederates advance to within xiv ConkniB three miles of Harrisburg, 177; Company D Twenty-second ordered to relieve pickets and throw up rifle-pits on York road, 178 ; Twenty-second leaves its camp, 178; troops ip fortifications in readiness for an attack, 179 ; buildings in front of forts demol- ished, 179; Lieut. Rand's, of Landis' Battery, account of the preparation in the forts, 179; Company G ordered to the front, i3o; other companies proceed to Bridgeport and barricade build- ings, engine-houses, etc., 180: different barricades constructed, 180; Twenty-second and Thirty-seventh make a night march to attack rebel advance, 181; work continued on June ig, 183; regimental headquarters under bridge across Susquehanna, 183 ; left wing makes another night march, 185. CHAPTER XVII. Harrisburg in Danger . ..... Poor condition of defences, 186; Fort Washington and its equipment, 186; mistakes in management of matters, 187; ner- vousness of ofiBcers, 187; Couch telegraphs Meade that enemy has 25,000 men between Baltimore and Harrisburg, and he has only 15,000 and 9,000 at Harrisburg, 188 ; Secretary Cameron to Presi- dent Lincoln, stating dangers of situation, 188; Secretary of War promises medal of honor to the New York troops that have volunteered, i8g; promise never kept, i8g; Confederates about to attack Harrisburg, 189; Gen. Lee's report, igo; Gen. Elwell reports he was starting to attack Harrisburg on January 29, 1 90 ; Gen. Rodes reports thst he was ready to attack on 30th, but was ordered to retire, igo; Gen. Meade's circular that officers should address troops upon immense issues involved and authorizing commanders to direct death of any soldier who fails in his duty, igo; apparent -^ant of system around Harrisburg, igi. CHAPTER XVIII. Oyster Point ... P.^GE Twenty second and Thirty-seventh ordered to march with nothing but canteens, ig2; gross impropriety of this order, 192; object of march, 193 ; nothing being found, Gen. Smith returns, 193 ; alarm given and Gen. Ewen countermarches brigade, 193 ; fired on when in column, 194; Col. King orders skirmishers to hold wood, ig4; details of the action, ig4; section of Landis' Battery arrives at a gallop, igs; its accurate firing, 195; this fight marks the most northern pointof the Rebellion, ig6; friend- ship established between Twenty-second and Landis' Battery, ig7; loss of Confederates, 197; why they did not attack, ig7 ; regiment halted on its way to Bridgeport, 198 ; its return sent back, ig8; sleeps in road without rations or blankets, 198; Gen. Ewen held responsible by the troops, 199; Gen. Couch to Gen, Hallock that rebels were falling back, 199; Gen. Couch to Sec- retary Stanton that they were uniting, igg; Hallock to Couch to make every possible efEort to hold enemy in check on the Sus- quehanna until Meade can attack, 200. ConfenfB XV CHAPTER XIX. PAGE Advance on Carlisle . . . . . . 201 Start at daylight on a breakfast of three crackers, 201 ; report that Carlisle was evacuated but rebel pickets close to it, 201 ; beauty of the country, 202; country people feed the passing troops, 202 ; Pennsylvania regiment attempts to pass column, 203; I Company sent forward, 204; forced march ordered, 204; no rests allowed, 204 ; the inefficient organization of the column, 205 ; Gen. Smith disgruntled and poorly supplied, 206 ; suffering of men from heat and fatigue, 207 ; want of ambulances, 207 ; men left where they dropped, 207 ; brigade arrives at Carlisle only 300 strong out of 1,100, 208; poor management of the march, 208. CHAPTER XX. Defence of Carlisle . 209 Stragglers join the regiment, 209 ; patriotic reception by citi- zens of Carlisle, 209 ; Twenty-second marches two miles south of town to meet expected advance of Confederates, 210; Carlisle attacked from the north, 21 ; spy tries to deceive Gen. Ewen, 213 ; Landis' Battery hurries to Carlisle, 214; Gen. Smith's arrival, 215; shells fired into town without notice, 215; Landis' Battery replies, 2i6; Twenty-second sneaks back, 219; cannon trained on it as it approaches town, 219; condition of affairs found in Carlisle, 220; attacking force commanded by Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, 220 ; letter to author from Col. T. S. Garnett (A. D. C. to Gen. Stuart) giving details of Confederate movements, 221 ; previous movements of Stuart, 221 ; Garnett fired on by skirmishers at Carlisle, 222 ; send- ing in flag of truce, 222 ; firing on the town and burning of the barracks, 223; extracts from Stuart's official report, 223; Gen. Baldy Smith's official report, 226 ; his account of Sporting Hill (Oyster Point), 226 ; details of his holding Carlisle, 227 ; how Carlisle looked when Twenty-second entered it, 228; members of Landis' Battery wounded, 229 ; statement from R. W. Gilder, 229 ; streets blocked by barricades, 230 ; where the different companies of the regiment were posted, 230 ; position of the Thirty-seventh, 230 ; rebel officers carrying flags of truce not blindfolded, 23 1 ; fire afterwards concentrated in the Square, 231; detachment from Twelfth N. Y. N. G. aids in the defence, 233 ; scenes at the Court House, 234; citizens of Carlisle volunteer as skirmishers, 235; Prof. Hillman's statement of their services, 235 ; scenes in bouse held by CompanyAof Twenty-second,236; spy arrested by Lieut.-Col. Cox, 237; attack expected from the woods, 237; position of artil- lery at the south part of the town, 238 ; over-estimate cf the strength of the brigade deters the Confederates from attacking, 239 ; flag of truce again sent in and firing re-opened, 240 ; the noises of the night, 240; difficulty in keeping the tired men awake, 241 ; preparations in the morning to receive attack, 241 ; much less damage done to town than was expected, 242 ; the injured, 242; the damage to the town, 24.4; one woman attempts to arrest a company, 244 ; rest of the division within attacking distance, but does nothing, 245; Gen. Ewen's criticism on this omission, 245 ; they march towards Harrisburg on July 2, and XA 1 Confente I'AGE do not reach Carlisle until July 3, 247 : report of superintendent of railroads to Gen. Hallock, 247 ; Gen. Couch expected brig- ade would be captured, 24S ; his gloomy view of the situation, 248 ; Gen. Thomas's report to Secretary Stanton, 248 ; the brig- ade forms line of battle south of the town, and gets breakfast at 4 p. M., 249; marches in afternoon to a field near the burned barracks and camps in the rain, 250; some supplies arrive on July 3, 250; no change of clothing had for the next three weeks by any of the officers or men, 250; rubber blankets, over- coats and soap unobtainable. 251; ladies of Carlisle present a flag to the Twenty-second and Gen. Smith a silver urn, 251; scout- ing party towards Gettysburg witness cavalry skirmish, 251. CHAPTER XXI. Movi.NG TO Intercept Lee's Army . . . 252 Gen. Smith orders division to march at daylight on July 4, 252; Twenty-second escapes being detained as a guard, 253; list of organizations composing Smith's Division, 253 ; why was Smith's Division kept idle twenty miles from the battlefield at Gettysburg from the 2d to the 4th of July? 255; Meade cut off from communicating with Couch, but relies upon his holding the Susquehanna, 255; his report on his situation, 255 ; his telegrams to Couch, 256 ; Smith's report to Couch as to cause of delay, 2^6 ; Hallock advises Couch to push forward his troops, 256; Couch's telegrams to Gen. Smith, 256; (Jen. Thomas to Stanton, 257; Secretary Stanton disgusted with the delay, 257; Gen. Smith reports the troops as waiting for provisions, 257 ; troops might have been pushed forward, 257. ti CHAPTER XXII. B' The Mountain Passes Division marches for Mt. Holly Pass on July 4, 258 ; delayed to receive for exchange 2,000 prisoners from First Corps Army Potomac, 259; they report Gen. McClellan in command, 259; Meade unknown to the troops, 260 ; terrible thunder-storm floods everything, 260; fording Yellow Breeches Creek in a freshet, 261 night march in a tempest up a mountain road, 263 ; head of col umn becomes stuck in the road and the rest of it lost, 265 encampment by the roadside, 265 ; privations of the troops, 266 , the artillery horses exhausted, 266 ; on July 5 regiment marches to Laurel Forge, 269 ; a few flour cakes obtained for breakfast, 270 ; march to Bendersville in the morning, where rations are obtained, 270 ; Judge Henry E. Davies acts as a. forager, 271 ignorance of troops as to the country, 272. CHAPTER XXIIL Under Meade's Orders . . Attempt to reach Gettysburg abandoned, 273 ; Gen. Meade's telegraph to Gen. Hallock, 273; Meade's chief of staff to Gen. Smith, that his reenforcement would be valuable, 273 ; Smith sends staff ofiicer to Meade, 274 ; Meade's order to Smith. He 258 273 ConfenfB xvii TAGE instructed Couch to cross and make a demonstration, always looking to his return to the Susquehanna, 274 ; that he seems nervous, 275 ; Secretary Cameron to President Lincoln. Couch will not move, as he believes his datj' is to guard the Susque- hanna, 275 , Smith reports that he proposed to put himself in Lee's rear, which Avould have been great service, 275 ; Smith tel- egraphs Gen. Couch, 375; Couch telegraphs Gen. Meade, 276; Smith sends Lieut. Rufus King to meet Meade, 276; his perilous ride around Lee's army, 276. CHAPTER XXIV. To Newman's Gap .... 278 Starved out at Bendersville, 278 ; march to Newman's Gap, 278 ; preparations to resist the enemy, 278 ; Smith reports location of troops, 279; Couch reports Smith's position to Meade, 280 ; Meade's telegram to Gen. Couch, 280; order from Asst.Adjt.- Gen. Williams to Gen. Smith to proceed to Gettysburg to protect the wounded, 281; Gen. Smith to Gen. Couch stating his movements and asking for provisions, 23i; Gen. Warren compli- ments Gen. Smith for behavior at Harrisburg and Carlisle as being a great help, 281; Smith away from all communication, 282 ; Gen. Couch to Adjt.-Gen. Williams, 282; member of the Fifty- sixth accidentally shot by one of the Twenty-third, 282; Gen. Smith reports he will immediately obey Gen. Williams's orders, 283; Gea. Meade authorizes Smith to continue pursuit and join the army at Middletown, 283; Gen. Smith to Gen. Couch that he is moving from Waynesboro and that many of his men are with- out shoes, 283 ; regiment obtains breakfast, 284 ; seeks to block the mountain passes, 284 ; what would have happened if it had met Lee's army half through one of them, 2S4 ; Gen. Sedgwick to Gen. Williams that rebel division was sent to check Smith, 284; Gen. Couch to Gen. Meade as to Smith's movements, 285; Smith's summary of his march across the State, 285 ; the priva- tions sustained during it by the Twenty-second, 287 ; impos- sibility of spending any money, 287; expected attack on Lee at Newman's Gap, 288 ; fables of the march, 289. CHAPTER XXV. Altodai.e or Funkstown 290 July 7, regiment marches to Funkstown, 290; camps in a beautiful grove, 290 ; encounters Confederate prisoners, 290 ; heavy rain floods the camp during the night, 291 ; the scenes in the morning, 291; the shoes of many give out, 292. CHAPTER XXVL Joining the Army of the Potomac , . . . 293 March to Waynesboro and Hagerstown, 293 ; division joins sec- ond division of Sixth Corps Army of the Potomac, 293 ; Waynes- boro cleaned out by the Confederates, 294; Gen. Meade's report of arrival of division, 294; Gen. Smith's report to Adjt.-Gen. Williams, 294 ; he suggests that the regiments of his brigade be xviii ConfenfB PAGE distributed among the Army of the Potomac, 295 ; Gen. Neil re- ports to Gen. Williams situation upon arrival of Smith, 295 ; Gen. Williams's instructions to Gen. Smith, 296; Gen. Smith re- ports to Gen. Couch that his men are much in need of shoes, 296; Gen.Smith reports to Gen. Williams that he found rebels strongly posted on right bank of Antietam, 297; commissary reports no rations ; trams unable to move, from bad roads and broken bridges, 297; general order that an early engagement was certain and enjoining preparations, 297; arms rendered almost useless by wet weather, 298 ; strength of different organizations in the division on July 11, 1863, 298 ; gray uniforms objected to, 299. CHAPTER XXVII. Marching through Maryland . . ... 300 Cannonading heard from Williamsport, 300 ; regiment enters Maryland, 301 ; a division camp in the field, 301; roads and fields cut up by march of the armies, 305 ; Confederate prisoners and abandoned property, 305 ; Confederates show fight on every occasion, 305 ; detachment finds their arrny at Hagerstown, 306 ; officers of the Twenty-second elected in the field, 307. CHAPTER XXVIII. Supporting Kilpatrick's Attack ox Hagerstown .... 30S A hard march to Cavetown, 308 ; regiment forms line of battle across Hagerstown road to support Kilpatrick, 308 ; tremendous thunder-storm — many struck by lightning, 309 ; regiment gets breakfast, 309 ; also some tobacco, 310 ; astonishment of the country people at the numbers of the two armies, 310. CHAPTER XXIX. The Expected Battle 311 Meade concentrates near Williamsport, 311 ; camp-fires of the Army of the Potomac on every side, 311; Twenty-second joins the reserve for the coming battle, 312; passes ambulances full of wounded, 312; Lee retreats and the battle is "off," 313; no suffering in the Army of the Potomac compared with that sus- tained by "Smith's troops, 314; Gen. Ingall's comment on this to Gen. Meigs, 314; no privation in the Army of the Potomac, 315 ; newspapers and some letters received by the Twenty-second, 315 ; only news is what is obtained from New York papers, 315. CHAPTER XXX. The March to Monocacy Junction . . . • . . 317 Riots require presence of troops in New York, 317 ; Gen. Meade's order thanking Smith's command, 317; Gen. Smith's order expressing his admiration of their courage and fortitude, 317; Hallock countermands Smith's orders to send New York troops home, 318 ; Gov. Seymour states the need for them. PAGF 318; Hallock's orders countermanded by Secretary of War, 319; regiment starts for Frederick City, 319; sees the cavalry of the Army of tlie Potomac starting in pursuit of Lee, 319; indignation of the Twenty-second on learning of the Draft Riots, 320; it passes through South Mountain Gap, 321; beauti- ful scenery seen on the march, 321 ; incidents of the march, 322; arrival at Frederick City, 322 ; march to Monocacy Junction, 323 ; suffering in the regiment from blistered feet, 323 ; a thief is drummed out from one of the regiments, 324. CHAPTER XXXI. The Start for Home ... ."..... 325 Regiment goes to sleep, 325 ; is awakened to take the cars, 325 ; inexcusable mismanagement by somebody, 326 ; break- fast at Baltimore a disappointment, 326 ; arrival at New York July i8, 1863, 327 ; what the regiment had undergone, 327; Gen. Smith's report to Gen. Meade on the sufferings of his troops and of their patriotism, 328; Gen. Couch's report of service per- formed and prisoners taken, 328 ; Lieut. Woodruff Jones's state- ment of the suffering of the brigade, 328 ; disgust of the regi- ment with its brigade commander, 329 ; the illness of members from the service and death of Lieut. Soutter, 331. CHAPTER XXXII. The Draft Riots 332 Riot instigated by Confederate emissaries, 332; disorderly elements come to the surface ; asylums and buildings burned, and negroes beaten, 333 ; men openly robbed in the street, and business arrested, 333 ; Armorer Arnold informed that the work- men employed m building armory intended to strike and join the rioters, 334 ; advertisement published for all members and ex-members of the regiment in the city to assemble, 334; newspaper offices barricaded, 334 ; detachment of the Twenty- second assembles, 335 ; its organization and officers, 335 ; it unites with detachment from the Seventh, 335 ; is marched to Webb's Ship Yard, 335 ; the detachment is forgotten by the authorities and fed by the neighbors, 336 ; it is reenforced by squad of sailors with howitzer, 337 ; insufficient management of the mili- tary forces during the riots, 338; detachment rejoins regiment on July 16, 338 ; men of the Twenty-second detachment suffer from typhoid fever, 339 ; regiment finds New York demoralized, 339 ; it is retained in its armory for guard duty, 339 ; then sent to Elm Park, 339; demoralizing character of this duty, 340; necessity of National Guardsmen being kept occupied when on guard duty in their armories, 340. CHAPTER XXXIII. To the Close of the War . . 342 Regiment tenders its armory to the Sanitary Fair, 342 ; the au- thorities construct a. new drill-room for its use and that of the PAGE Fair, 342 ; Twenty-second constantly in expectation of a call to the field, 343 ; the effect of this upon the ofiicers and men, 343 ; Col. Aspinwall tenders his resignation, but takes a year's leave of absence, 344 ; Lieut.-Col. Cox assumes command, 344 ; guard ordered to the armory July, 1864, 344 ; guard again ordered in February, 1865, 345; regiment parades on Decoration Day and at Gen. Winthrop's funeral, 345 ; armory draped with mourning at the death of Lincoln, 345 ; regiment parades at his funeral, 345 ; also to celebrate peace, 346. CHAPTER XXXIV. After the War .... . . 3-17 Close of War left National Guard in poor condition, which con- tinued until introduction of rifle prsxtice in 1870, 347 ; Gen. Clark states situation, 347 ; prospects of sudden calls for service forced men out of regiment and prevented recruiting, 348 ; change in personnel, 349 ; people tired of war, 349 ; veterans seldom good National Guardsmen, 350; State pays for uniforms, 350; Companies E and K disbanded, 350 ; city presents colors, 350 ; regiments disband- ed, 350 ; Josiah Porter elected captain of Company G, 351 ; Aspin- wall medals offered and their winners in 1865 and 1866, 351; Col. Aspinwall elected brigadier-general, 351 ; J. F. Cox elected colonel, Geo. B. Post lieutenant-colonel, and E. M. Townsend major, 352 ; description of Col. Cox, 352 ; Col. Cox resigns, September, 1867, 353; Lieut.-Col George B. Post elected colonel, February 8th, 1867 ;Capt. William W. Remmey lieutenant-colonel, Capt. Josiah Porter elected major, 1867 ; description of Colonel Post, 353 ; he requires squad drills in Upton's tactics, 354 ; farce of annual parade of ununiformed militia abandoned, 354 ; Alexander Shaler elected to command First division January, 1867, and reforms its methods, 357 ; muzzle loading Springfields exchanged for Enfields, February, 1867 and new manual of arms adopted, 357; .50 calibre Remingtons substituted for Springfields in 1871, 357 ; Remingtons sel.cted by National Guard board, 358 ; they preferred .45 but adopted .50 calibre, because army stated it had no intention to change calibre of Springfield, 358 ; the wardepartment within a short time adopts the .45, 358 ; opposition to Remington among a portion of National Guard, 359 ; camp at Long Branch August 12, 1868, 359 ; ladies of Long Branch present testi- monials to regiment, 359 ; lieutenant-colonel Remmey elected colonel (vice Post resigned); Major Porter lieutenant-colonel ; Captain John T. Camp major, 360 ; description of Colonel Remmey. 360 ; cold con- tracted in armory caused his illness and death, 361 ; he encourages rifle practice and takes regiment to Sing Sing, May, 1869, 361 ; ex- hibition drill before State Military Association, January 19, 1869. Bell signals prescribed for riot duty, 361 ; Colonel Remmey resigns, July, 1869 ; Lieutenant-colonel Porter elected colonel in October ; Major Camp, lieutenant-colonel; Capt. Brown, major; William J. Harding appointed Adjutant, 362 ; Porter remains colonel until appointed Adjutant General, 1885. Description of Col. Porter, 362 ; he effects great changes in methods and ideas of regiment, 363 ; military experience of Adjutant William J. Harding in the field, 363 ; the innovations introduced by Col, Porter, 364 ; details of inspec- tion prescribed in previous orders; 364 ; Regimental recruit class established under Adjutant Harding in place of company squads, 364; benefits they received from it, 365 ; oflicers' school established, 365 ; €:onfenfe xxi PAGE new system of regimental books and records introduced by Adjt. Hard- ing, 365 ; Col. Porter devises system of street riot drill, 1877, 366; all drills required to be conducted according to prescribed and progressive methods and carefully inspecti?d, 366 ; regiment now managed on the traditions and systems established by Col. Poner, 367 ; Col. Church's tribute to his (Porter's) memory, 367 ; General Porter's death, 367 ; funeral, 370. CHAPTER XXXV. Changes in Tactics . . ... . 372 Hardee's tactics first adopted by Twenty-second, 372 ; those of Casey substituted, 372 ; their complicated character, 372 ; confusion caused in moving by inversion, 373 ; Col. Monroe's system Of com- pany drill and bayonet fencing, 373 ; Morris's tactics adopted in 1866, 373 ; Upton's tactics adopted in 1867, 374 ; new drill book adopted in 1892, 374 ; Twenty-second learns the manual of arms with the Enfield, with sword bayonet, the Springfield muzzle loader, and the Remington breech loader, 374 ; regiment also instructed in artillery in 1862, 374. CHAPTER XXXVI. Changes in Uniforms . . . ... 375 Regiment parades October 28, 1863, in chasseur uniform, which had been adopted in place of the strawberry gray, 375 ; uniform worn in Pennsylvania, 376 ; epaulets adopted November 6, 18O3, 376 ; motto " Defendum " adopted December i, 1863, 376 ; Short's patent knapsack adopted October 4, 1864, 376 ; State first aids in supplying uniforms, December i, 1864, 376 ; the relative merits of having uni- forms issued by the State or purchased by the man, 379 ; State pays for uniforms expended in the field, 379 ; regimental pin adopted August I, 1863, 379 ; dress hat adopteJ January 12, 1867, with white plume and gaiters, 380 ; drooping horse hair plumes shortened, 380 ; plume of white swan's feathers with blue top substituted in 1869, 380 ; officers wear regulation uniform, 380 ; officers adopt, March 15, 1867, round fatigue cap without visor, 380 ; discussions over proposed change in dress uniform, 380 ; blue swallow-tail dress coat adopted, 381 ; selected because its wearer had a fine soldierly bearing, 381 ; other parts of the new uniform, 381 ; officers abandon white leggins and adopt gilt belts, February, 1869, 381 ; white pompons substituted for white plume, January, 1871, 381 ; white dress uniform adopted January 24, 1876, 381 ; new cartridge box adopted 1870, 382 ; helmet adopted 1 880, 382 ; cost of new uniform when adopted, 382 ; campaign hats and sergeants swords adopted 1895, 382. CHAPTER XXXVn. IXAUGURATION OF RiFLE PRACTICE BY THE TwENTY-SeCOND. 386 The little firing had in the field in 1862, had only taught men how to load, 386 ; no instructions whatever in shooting in Pennsylvania campaign, 386 ; the author impressed by the ignorance displayed by the regiment in regard to the use of its rifles, 387 ; obtains English books and prepares a system of instruction in aiming drill and candle xxii Confente ] practice for Co. A. 387; Capt. Lockwood drills Co. H in the same manner, 387 ; Companies A & H erect targets in armory for candle practice with percussion caps, 388; wooden target erected in the armory, and practice had with light charges, 3S8; interest excited in this practice, induces rifle practice to be made a feature of Long Branch encampment, 388 ; Gen. Aspinwall and others offer prizes, 388 ; the author prepares the rules for firing, during the encampment, 388; invents "Wingate's revolving target" (now in use at West Point) for this camp, 388 ; success of Companies A and H at Long Branch, in consequence of their instruction, 389 ; Board of Officers request the author to prepare a book for instruction of the different companies in rifle practice, 389 ; pamphlet presented to Board of Officers, April, 1869, which is officially adopted by regiment, 389 ; resolution of thanks presented to the writer, 389 ; June, 1870, regiment visits Sing Sing for rifle practice, 390 ; shooting supervised by the writer, at Col. Remmey's request, 390 ;list of prize winners, 390 ; instructions prepared for the Twenty-second, published in the Army and Navy Journal, September 11,1869,390; adopted by other regiments, 390; also adopted by New Jersey, 390 ; Major Gen. Plume of that State orders official target practice, in September, 1869, and October, 1870, 391 ; Twenty-third goes to Long Branch for target practice, October 4, 1871, 3gi ; author elaborates his " instructions " in a series of articles in the Army and Navy Journal, during 1869 and 1870, 391 ; these lead to the formation of the National Rifle Association in 1870, 391 ; they constitute the foundation of Wingate's Manual of Rifle Practice, adopted by New York and other states, 391 ; acknowl- edgment of Capt. Blunt in U. S. A. " Instructions in rifle firing" of Genl. Wingate's services, and the value of his book, note, 391-2 ; armory rifle practice under Wingate's regulations, prescribed in regi- mental orders, February 3, 1870 ; followed by regiment until Wingate's Manual was adopted by the state, 392 ; Twenty second thus originates in this country rifle practice as a part of military in- struction, 392 ; regiment appoints committee of officers on aiming and firing, September 4, 1870, 392 ; Company F, Capt. Clan Ranald, forms Rifle Association and constructs range at Clifton, N. J., 393 ; applies to Governor of New Jersey, 1872, for permission to hold its prize meetings, 395 ; Remington breech loader issued September, 1872, 396 ; Twenty second Regiment Rifle Association formed March 11, 1873, 396 ; Clifton range used by Twenty- second until Creedmoor was opened, 396 ; its use granted to Seventh and Seventy-first, 396 ; Regiment adopts rules of National Rifle Association June 3, 1873, 396 I Twenty-second wins every- thing at openingmatchof National Rifle Association, June 21, 1873. 399; pictures of its team placed in officers' room and resolution of thanks given to each member, 400 ; progress made by otherregiments prevents Twenty -second from being similarly successful in the follow- ing year, 400 ; Clifton range given up in 1873, 400 ; too much money spent by regiment on its team, which leads to the disbandment of the regimental rifle association in 1875, 402 ; regiment discontinues the organization of a team, 402 ; establishes a challenge badge, 1877, 402 ; Belknap trophy offered in 1879, 402 ; failing to maintain team diminishes interest in rifle practice in Twenty-second, 402; importance of a team to a regiment, 403 ;no facilities for armory practice existing in 14th Street armory, 405 ; improvement shown since new armory was obtained, 405 ; table of official record of Twenty-second in shooting from 1875 to 1894, 406. £:onfenf6 xxiii r A< ; !■ CHAPTER XXXVIII. The Orange Riot . . . 409 July 12 celebrated as anniversary of battle of the Boyne, 409; bitter feeling against Orangemen created by it, 409 ; their oppo- nents determine in 1871, to prevent the usual Orange parade, 410; "public meetings decide to slop parade by force, 410 ; this action dis- approved by Catholic clergy and better class of Irishmen, 411 ; Sup;, of Police refuses permission for parade, 412 ; supposed political reasons for his action, 41 ? ■ intense public indignation caused by it, 412 ; Governor Hoffman revokes Superintendent's order, 413 ; his proclamation against interference with parade, 414 ; First Divis- ion ordered under arms, 414 ; rioters not deterred, and Orange- men obstinate, 415 ; police and troops sent to threatened points on July 12, 415 ; outbreak of laborers on Boulevard, 415 ; riotous crowds assemble, causing great apprehension, 416; composition of military escort of procession, 22d marches to 8th Ave. and 29th St., 416 ; the "Orange" paraders, 417; 8th Avenue filled with crov/d of toughs, 417 ; 22d loads with ball cartridge, 418 ; police clears the street, 418 , formation of procession, 418 ; it is bombarded with mis- siles when it starts, 419 ; it is halted at 23d Street, 420 ; attacks upon it then redoubled, 420 ; police charges mob in rear of the col- umn, 421 ; many soldiers siruck, two killed, 421 ; anger and appre- hension of troops ; discipline only prevents their returning the assaults, 421 ; pistols fired from houses along the line and woman shot 421 ; at 24th Street, Capt. Douglass of 84th felled, 422 ; his com- pany opens fire, which is taken up by rest of 84th, 421; thence extends to the 6th and gth regiments, 422; these break after firing, 422 ; right wing of 7th, on the west sidewalk, faces east and fires on mob, 423 ; Adjt. Harding orders no firing and 22d obeys, 423 ; wild character of shooting done by other regiments. 424 ; many rifles loaded with more than one charge, 424 ; riot impresses officers with necessity of rifle practice, 425 ; disorder after the firing nearly breaks up procession, 425 ; solid front of 22d restores confidence, 426 ; surgeons treat wounded, 426 ; formation of procession changed and column moves forward, 426 ; the scene it left, 427 ; incidents of the march, 427 ; procession disbanded at Cooper Institute, 427 ; the marshal of the Orangemen, 427 ; Col. Porter's report of the mar-h, 428 ; efficient conduct r>f police, 429 ; 22d sent to Elm Park on July 13, 430 ; threatened by mob, 430 ; list of killed and injured, 431 ; buildings on 8th Avenue marked with bullets, 431 ; public opinion approves of firing, 431 ; commendation of 22d for its discipline, 432 ; remarks of Alderman Quincy to Boston Con'mon. Council, 432 ; Col. Porter calls attention in orders to the lessons of the day, 433 ; urges the importance of discipline and the need of a higher standard of marksmanship, 434. CHAPTER XXXIX. 1S69 TO 1890 ^35 After 1870, National Guard prospects begin slowly to improve, 435 ; parade on Washington's Birthday abandoned, 435 ; too much time and money spent on concerts and balls, 435 ; value of street parades, 435 ; incessant applications made for use of armory, 436 ; officers decide December 13, 1872, that it should not be thereafter leased for any purpose, 437 ; orders given Movember, 1868, for regi- XX iv ^onfenfB PAGE ment to report to armory on twelve strokes of fire bell, 437 ; regi- ment makes various excursions and receives number of visiting or- ganizations, 437 ; detachment visits Charleston and Providence, 437 ; regiment goes to Sing Sing, June, 1870, 438 ; Vose medals, presented June g, 1870, 438 ; Providence Light Infantry received October 13, 1869, 438 ; detachment visits Long Branch August 2. 1870, 438 ; New Haven Greys received October, 1871, 439 ; regiment on guard' on Election day in 1871, 439 ; regiment receives victorous American team, August, 1875, ^39 ; parades at Philadelphia July 4, 1876, 440 ; presents First Pennsylvania with resolutions, 440 ; danger of an out- break in 1877, 440 ; communistic meeting called at Tompkins Park, July 15, 1877, 441 ; Twenty-second ordered on guard at this armory, 441 ; practiced by Col. Porter in riot duty in 14th St ., 441 ; proposed outbreak quelled by the readiness of the troops, 441 ; March, 1878, Company G disbanded, re-organized April 30th, 1879, 441 ; Twenty- second and its veteran corps visits Brooklyn, April 27, 1878, 442 ; Twenty-third received by Twenty-second April 24, 1879, 442 ; officers give Col. Porter a dinner October II, 1879,443; Belknap and Van Ant- werp trophy presented, 443 ; Twenty-second parades at Tarrytown September 22, 1880, 443 ; officers adopt veteran marksmen badge April II, 1879, 443 ; regiment receives First Pennsylvania, Decora- tion Day, 1880, 443 ; receives from First Pennsylvania testimonial November 12, 1880, 444 ; review given to Col. Porter on return from Europe, December, 1881, 444 ; drill before Gen. Hancock on Gover- nor's Island, 444 ; Regt. goes to Philadelphia with veteran corps on layingof corner stone of armory of First Pennsylvania, April ig, 1882, 444 ; escorted in New York by Seventh Regiment, 444-8 ; regiment presents stand of colors to First Pennsylvania, January 5, 1883, 448 ; contributes towards the expenses of the International team. May 18, 1883, 448 ; November 25, 1883, parades on Centennial celebration of Evacuation Day, 448 ; gives a ball January 7, 1884, 448 ; Col. John T. Camp elected colonel in place of Genl. Porter, appointed Adjutant General January 18, 1886, 448 ; Col. Camp's previous mil- itary history, 448 ; Col. Camp's characteristics, 451 ; he introduces drilling by trumpet, 451 ; many national guard regiments disband- ed, 451 ; the old cavalry in the National Guard, 452 ; list of regi- ment disbanded, 452 ; troops of New York City consolidated into one brigade, in 1886, 4^2 ; regiment gives entertainment May i, 1886, to provide pedestal for statue of Liberty, 453 ; parades on unveiling of the statue, November i, 1886, 453 ; James Monroe Post organized, 453; officers of Twenty-second celebrate anniversary of Pennsylva- nia campaign June 16, 1888, 453 ; regiment acts as escort to com- mander-in-chief in Philadelphia September 16, 1887, 453 ; receives first regiment of Pennsylvania April 30, 1889, 453. CHAPTER XL. Veteran Corps _^55 Reasons for its organization, 455 ; officers of Twenty-second pro- cure passage of law establishing it July 22,1868,455; "uniformed corps " established, 456 ; mistake made in its organization, 456 ; its great social prominence, 456 ; in 1883, friction occurs between it and the regiment, 457 ; use of the armorv to the uniformed veteran corps prohibited by the regiment, March 4, 1888, 457 ; bitter feeling between the two organizations, 457 ; unfortunate result of this feel- ing, 457 ; uniformed veteran corp'3 dies out, 458. Confente XX \' PACK CHAPTER XLI The State Camp and the March to Peekskill 45g State Camp opened in 1882, 22d there from July 29 to Aug. 5, 459 ; all details and a progressive system of instruction previously pre- scribed in orders, 459 ; regiment had the advantage of having its Col. and Adjutant, veteran soldiers, 460 ; camp a failure before arrival of 22d, 460 ; made a success by the methods it introduced, which have been since officially adopted, 460 ; regiment closed camp according to regulations, 461 ; highly praised by Asst. Insp. Gen. Rodenbough, 461; declared to be " first in merit " by Inspector General Oliver, 461 ; thanks of Board of Officers tendered Adjt. Harding, 461 ; benefits of camp to the National Guard, 465; encomiums of Col.Closson.u. S. A., on tour of duty of 22d. in 1885, 466. Report of Asst. Inspector Gen. Briggs upon same, 468 ; 22d stated to have performed the most progressive and thorough work ever done in the camp, 470 ; his report as to regiment's general condition, 470 ; survey and map of camp made by Surgeon Duncan and detail of 22d, 471 ; march to Peekskill in 1887 decided upon in 1885, 472 ; regiment addressed by Gen. Rodenbough and others as to marches and bivouacs, 472 ; Army & Navy Journal on the march, 472 ; regi- ment assembled July 28, 1887, 472 ; takes cars to Van Cortland, 473; formation for the march, 473 ; bivouacs at Tarry town, 473 ; rations spoiled by heat, 474 ; march resumed at 5:30 a. m. on July 29, 474 ; halt made at Croton River until afternoon, 474 ; heavy thunder shower compels regiment to proceed at 3 p. m., 474 ; marches 14 miles to Peekskill in terrific storm over muddy roads, 477 ; Captain Finch tenders his house at Peekskill, 477 ; eniire regiment occupies it, 477 ; only eight stragglers, 477 ; regiment marches to camp in the morning without breakfast, 478 ; heat and muddy roads make this hard work, 478 ; Gen. Porter pleased at appearance of 22d, 478 ; breakfast obtained in camp, 479 ; march too severe for unexperienced men in bad weather, 479 ; demonstrated the importance of an eflScient commissary department, 480 ; attendance of 22d at camp in different years, 480 ; creditable tour of duty performed in 1895, 481 ; death of Major Geo. E. B. Hart, July, 1S95, 481 ; depression in camp caused by his death, 481. CHAPTER XLII. The Fight for an Armory . ... 481 Twenty-second fits up west room, in 14th street armory as a gymnasium in 1865, 482 ; experiment not successful and apparatus removed in 1870, 483 ; room afterwards used for squad drill room, 483 ; finally becomes useless for want of repair, 483 ; Twenty- second tenders Seventh use of its armory, March 22, 1872, 483 ; trouble experienced by regiment in regard to renewing lease of 14th street armory, 483 ; lire in armory January 20th, 1872, 483 ; assess- ment on regiment to replace uniforms of companies B and D, destroyed in fire, 484; liquor prohibited in armories in 1876. 4S4 ; two galleries built in 14th street armory January, 1868, 484 ; inferior character of the heating arrangements, 484 : the leaks in the roof, 485 ; regiment forms committee February, 1882, to procure new armory, 485 ; unsuccessful attempt to obtain funds by sub- XX vi ConfenfB PAGE scription, 486 ; application made to the Legislature by regiment in 1883, 486 ; renewed February, 1884, 487 ; committee from Twenty- second visits Governor Cleveland, 497 ; bill passed authorizing Armory Board to construct armory, 487 ; endeavors of Twenty- second to have armory allotted to it, 487 ; committee formed to procure signatures 10 petition for that purpose, 488 ; parade of regiment before Armory Board, May 15, 1884, 489 ; proposed armory awarded to Twenty-second, 489 ; site procured on the Boulevard and W. 67-68th streets, 489 ; difficulty of procuring plans for an armory which could be constructed within the sum allotted, 490 ; regiment prepares its own plans of what is needed, 490 ; appropria- tion of 8300,000 finally obtained, 490 ; regiment adopts Col. Post's plans, 4gi ; impossible to construct them within the appropriation, 491 ; Mayor Hewett requires that officers should stipulate not to ask anything in excess of it, 491 ; Capt. Leo prepares plans March, 1888, 492 ; procures estimates to build armory within appropriation, 492 ; construction authorized by Board March 13, )888, 492 ; Corner stone laid May 30. 1889, 492 ; celebration of occasion, 495 ; last meeting of officers in 14th street armory April nth, 1890, 495 ; the next day the regiment takes possession of new armory, 495 ; three of original members of regiment participate in the parade, 495 ; New armory bare of all furniture, 496 ; is being fitted up by the different companies, 4.96 ; description of the armory, 496. CHAPTER XLIII. Bands . . . . . 498 HelmsmuUer employed as leader, and organizes band September, 1861, 489 ; two drummers also attached to each company. Helms- muller's band becomes celebrated, 498 ; he composes regimental march, 489 ; band taken to Harper's Ferry at expense of officers and sent home in July, 499 ; want of military knowledge of musi- cians, 499 ;band meets returning regiment at Philadelphia, 500 ; taken to Pennsylvania but left at Harrisburg, 500 ; Dodsworth appointed band leader July 11, i865, and organizes Dodsworth band, 500; fifers replaced by drummers January 12, 1867, 501 ; Rehm appointed band leader in 1871, and resigns in 1873, 501 ; Gilmore appointed, 501 ; organizes Gilmore's band, which attains a national reputation. Popularity of Gilmore, 502 ; his death in 1892 deeply deplored in regiment, 502 ; Reeves appointed band leader and resigns in 1893, 503 ; Victor Herbert then appointed, 503. CH.Vi'Ti^R XITV. Ordered to Buffalo . . . 504 Switchman's strike breaks out in Buffalo, 504 ; incendiary fires started August 13, 1892, 504 ; on the requisition of the sheriff, Gen. Doyle orders Buffalo regiments under arms, 505 ; August i6th. Fourth brigade ordered out, 506 ; Governor orders out the Twenty- second and most of New York and Brooklyn regiments and separate companies on August J 7th, 506 ; call wholly unexpected, 506 ; at 5 p. m. on August 15th, Col. King receives telegram to assemble regi- ment immediately, 507 ; 400 men ready in the armory at 9 o'clock, 508; regiment excused until the i8ih, 508 ; failure of many of the Confente xxvii PAGE men to make adequate preparation for field service, 509 ; regiment starts for Buffalo August i8th, at 11:15 a. m. by Central Railroad, 510 ; joined by the Fourth and Twenty-third, separate company, 510; lunch at Poughkeepsie, 511 ; passes Twelfth regiment at Al- bany, 511 ; grumbling at the Commissary Department, 511 ; men too excited and crowded to sleep, 512 ; men left behind formed into a battalion under Major Bartlett, 512 ; it follows regiment in the Limited Express and passes it at Syracuse, 512 ; passes freight yards guarded by sentries, 512 ; declines breakfast before the arrival of the regiment, 513 ; regiment obliged to march without breakfast, 514 ; strength of the regiment at Buffalo, 514 ; officers present, 514 ; animosity shown by the striking switchmen, 516 ; regiment ordered to Tift farm, 516. CHAPTER XLV. Major Bartlett's Battalion . . . . 517 Companies A, B, H and Fourth separate company detached to guard elevators of the Erie Railroad, 517 ; organizes a camp, 517 ; superintendent's chickens, 518 ; detachment sent to forage, 521 ; food sent by the commissary department, 522 ; battalion re-enforced, 522 ; men construct shanties and bunks, 522 ; the cold wind and the rats, 523 ; tents erected on 2ist, but found too cold, 523 ; dampness in the evening and alarm at night, 523 ; the guard duty, 524 ; men contribute to purchase provisions, 525 ; construct camp cooking stoves, 52b ; the food, 526 ; hospitality of the people on the out- skirts, 527 ; construction of store house, 527 ; the arrest of Daniel Moran, 528; the shooting of Michael Broderick, 530; the strikers and police cause indictment of Lieut. Cassidy, 533 ; Attorney Gen- eral intervenes and proceedings dismissed, 534 ; law passed to pro- tect national guadsmen in similar cases, 535 ; attempt to capture the Morning Starr, 535 ; Fourth separate company entertained, 536. CHAPTER XLVL CoL. Camp's Battalion and the General Situation . . . 537 Regiment stationed at camp 2 on the Tift farm, 537; ground crossed between the freight yard and the swamp, 53? ; Companies C and F detached under command of Lieut. Col. King, 538 ; Sixteenth separate company joins regiment, 538 ; Companies D, E, G, and K and Sixteenth separate company compose battalion under Col. Camp, 539 ; their station and duties, 539 ; area of disturbances, 540 ; how the yards were connected, 540 ; all the tracks crowded with cars, 540 ; duty of the soldiers, 543 ; riotous crowds hanging around the yards, and attacking switchmen, 543 ; missiles thrown at national guardsmen, 544 ; genile treatment of strikers not appreciated, 545 ; police worse than ineffective, 545 ; arrest of rioters, 546 ; orders to fire, 546 ; the soot and cinders, 547 ; inadequacy of the commissary and quartermaster's departments, 547 ; their improvement one of the beneficial results of this campaign, 547 ; how the rations were distributed, 548 ; attempt to supply cooked food a failure, 548 ; it is refused by Twenty-second, which draws and cooks its own rations, 548 ; the sleeping accommodations, 548 ; location of the xxvm Conimia PAGE camps occupied by the different regiments and separate companies, 548 ; services held on August 21st, 550 ; unauthorized order of Col. Austin to the Fourth separate company, to report to him, complied with but countermanded by Gen. Doyle, 551 ; little siclcness in the regiment, 551 ; efficiency of the ofi5cers, 551. CHAPTER XLVII. Lieut. Col. King's Battalion 555 Companies C and F form battalion with headquarters near Buffalo Creek, 555 ; it arranges its camp, 555 ; the search for breakfast, 555 ; arrival of Captain Smith of F Company, 555 ; box cars used for sleeping quarters, 555 ; arduous work of the detachment, 556 ; mes- sengers employed, 557 ; supplies arrived from regimental headquar- ters, 558 ; amusements in the camp, 558 ; curious underwear pur- chased, 558 ; rumors in the camp, 558 ; the guard duty, 559 ; assaults on the sentries, 559; vigilance of officers, 560; the shooting of Jerry Manahan, 561 ; brutal attack on a switchman, 561 ; Jerry Manahan shot by the guard and his associates captured, 561 ; Lieut. Austin holds the prisoners in the face of a riotious crowd, 561 ; Lieut. Austin arrested by the police, 561 ; Gen. Doyle orders General Camp to re- lease him by force, 562 ; indignation against the police created among the different regiments, 563 ; armed tramps arrested on the way to Buffalo, 563 ; regimental commissary loses his supplies in the camp of Company E, 564 ; unfounded insinuations that that company was responsible, 564 ; heavy rain on Augubt 26, 565. CHAPTER XLVHL The Return from Buffalo . . . . . . 566 Strike declared off on August 24th, 566 ; joy of the troops, 566 ; Fourth separate company departs, 566 ; switchmen return to work on August 26th, 569 ; battalions join the regiment which breaks camp, and takes cars, 569 ; it stops at Niagara Falls, 569 ; sleeping in the cars on the homeward trip, 570 ; the regiment arrives in Grand Central Depot on August 27th, 570 ; their unkempt appearance, 571 ; breakfast in the armory, 571 ; the men wash, shave and sleep, 571 ; recollections of the campaign, 572. CHAPTER XLIX. The Brooklyn Trolley War .... , . On January 14th, 1895, a dispute betvvee.i ih^ e.nployees and the trolley companies of Brooklyn causes a strike, 573 ; places of the employees are filled, 573 ; cars then interfered with, and scabs assaulted, 574 ; Brooklyn police fail to cope with the situation, 574 ; city authorities weak and timid, 575 ; the railroad companies call upon them for protection, 575 ; They apply to Gen. McLeer for military forces, 575 ; Second brigade called out January i8tb, 575 ; Mayor Schieren appeals to Gov. Morton for additional forces, 575 ; at 6 p. m. on January 20th, Gen. Fitzgerald orders out First brigade, 575 ; Col. King orders members of the Twenty-second to report. 573 ^nfenfe xxix PAGE 576; men and officers arrive at armory during all the night, 576; the inclemency of the weather and shortness of the notice causes hardship, 576 ; improvement in the equipment of the men in the quartermaster and commissary departments, 576 ; breakfast supplied at half past 3 a. m. on 21st, 577 ; Twenty-second leaves armory 5 a. m. on January 21st, and proceeds by way of East River bridge to 23d regiment armory in Brooklyn, 577 ; companies of this regiment on duty at various points in Brooklyn, 577 ; Twenty- second ordered by telephone to protect Bergen street and adjoining territory, 578 ; Col. King divides regiment into two battalions, 578 ; officers of First battalion 578 ; This battalion is at once posted in Bergen street, 581 ; officers of Second battalion. 581 ; other officers of the regiment, 581 ; Col. Camp joins regiment and assumes command, 581 ; strength of the regiment during campaign, 582 ; vague direc- tions from general headquarters, 582 ; use of armory of 23d granted regiment by Col. Smith, 583 ; Second battalion makes itself comfort- able in armory, 583 ; men wet and chilled by waiting in the street, 584 ; efficient manner in which First brigade was mobilized, 584 ; whole of Brooklyn covered early on January 21st by strong military force, 584. First battalion finds Bergen street car tracks covered with trucks, kegs, ash barrels and boulders, 585 ; runs through tenement house district in which many strikers lived, 585 ; strict orders enforced to prevent crowds and keep people moving, 585 ; residents friendly to soldiers, 585 ; men of 22d as gentle as possible and were received in a friendly spirit, 586 ; not a gun loaded by a member of the regiment during the campaign, 586 ; guards build picket fires aling the street and buy rubbers and gloves from pedlers, 586 ; batallions relieved every three hours until seven o'clock, 587 ; working party arrives at Bergen street in the afternoon, 587 ; Jewish cloakmakers on strike, take places of Brooklyn motormen, 587 ; no resistance offered to the working party, 587 ; psychological effect of crowds in inducing vio- lence, 587 ; in case of riots, streets should be entirely cleared, 589 ; inadequate arrangements for cooking in armory of 23d, 589 ; lavatory arrangements insufficient and basins stopped up with grease, 590 ; men sleep on floor of drill room and officers in library, 590; hospi- tality of Union League Club, 59' ; officers present club with a bronze Russian bear, 591 ; correspondence with club, 592 ; Twenty-second much more comfortable than other organizations, 592 ; first camp- aign of National Guard in cold weather, 593 ; picket fires in streets a strange sight, 593 ; buildings in which other regiments were sta- tioned, cold, wet and destitute of cooking facilities, 594 ; regiments purchase and cook their own rations, 594 ; 22d not disturbed during eight days of campaign, 594; squads sent as guards to patrol wagons, 594 ; not disturbed except by epithets, 595 ; citizens' committee pre- sent soldiers with pipes, tobacco, ovej-shoes and gloves, 595 ; mys- terious effects of arctics, 595 ; ungr-acious treatment received by regi- ments from railroad subordinates, 596 ; how the evenings were spent, 599 ; Chaplain Dunnelliolds service on Sunday, 599 ; alarm of fire in officers' room, 600 ; practical joke on Capt. Smith, 600 ; 200 men sent to Myrtle Avenue to open that street, 601 ; 22d held in armory after Friday but drills daily in Bedford Avenue, 601 ; Company G sent out in patrol wagons, 601 ; wisdom of drilling men in the streets, 601 ; armory besieged by visitors, 602 ; expedients invented to pass the time, 602 ; orders received to return, 605 ; the march back, 605 ; . health of regiment excellent, 606 ; feeling of National Guard not kindly towards trolly companies, 606. x.xx ^oiifente APPENDIX I.— Officers of Twknty-seco.nd from its ORGAxiZAxrox to 1895- Colonels (p. 611;; Lieutenant-Colonels (0. 611); Majors (p. 611); Adju- tanis (p. 612); Engineers (p. 912); Paymasters (p. 612); Commissaries (p. 612); Quartermasters (p. 613); Surgeons (p. 613); Assistant Surgeons (p. 613); Chap- lains (p. 614); Inspectors of Rifle Practice (p. 614); Assistant Inspectors of Rifle Practice (p. 614). Officers of Company A (p. 614); Captains (p. 614); First Lieutenants (p. 614); Second Lieutenants l-p. 615). Company B, Captains (p. 615); First Lieutenants (p. 616); Second Lieu- tenants (p. 616). Company C, Captains (p. 616); First Lieutenants (p. 617); Second Lieu- tenants (p. 617). Company D, Captains (p. 617); First Lieutenants (p. 618); Second Lieu- tenants (p. 5i8). Company E, Captains (p. 618); First Lieutenants (p. 619); Second Lieu- tenants ( p. 619). Company F, Captains (p. 6ig); First Lieutenants (p. 620); Second Lieu- tenants (p. 620). Company G, Captains (p. 620); First Lieutenants (p. 621); Second Lieu- tenants (p. 621). Company H, Captains (pp. 621-622); First Lieutenants (p. 622); Second Lieutenants (pp. 622-623). Company I, Captains (p. 623); First Lieutenants (p. 623); Second Lieu- tenants (pp. 623-624). Company K, Captains (p. 624); First Lieutenants (p. 624); Second Lieu- tenants (p. 624). APPENDIX 2. — Roll of REr,i>[ENT in Service IX 1862. Field staff and Non-commissioned staff (p. 625); Officers and members of Company A (p. 626); of Company B (p. 627); of Company C (p. 628); of Com- pany D (p. 629); of Company E (p. 630); of Company F (p. 631); of Company G (p. 632); of Company H (p. 634); of Company I (p. 635); of Band (p. 636). APPENDIX 3. — Roll of Regime.xt in Service ix 1863. Field staff and Non-commissioned staff (p. 637); Officers and members of Company A (p. 637); of Company B (p. 6381; of Company C (p. 640); of Com- pany D (p. 641); of Company E (p. 642); of Company F (p. 643); of Company G (p. 644); of Company H (p. 645); of Company I (p. 646); of Company K (p. 647); of Band (p. 647). APPENDIX 4.— Members of Regiment Who Served in Other Organ'iz.\- TioNS During the War. From Field staff and Non-commissioned staff (p. 649). From Company A (p. 649); Company B (p. 651); Company C (p. 651); Company D (p. 651); Com- pany E (p, 652); Company F (p. 652); Company G (p. 652); Company H (p. 653); Company I (p. 654); Company K (p. 654). ^oiifenfe XXXI APPENDIX 5. — Account of the Capture or Makpek's Ferry rv Colonel John Ward, 12 X. G. (p. 655). APPENDIX 6. — Roll op Rei;iment in Service at Buffalo, 1893. Field staff and Non-cominissioned staff (p. 659); officers and members of Company A (p. 659); Company B (p. 660); Company C (p. 66(); Company D (p. 663); Company E (p. 664); Company F (p. 665); Company G (p. 666); Com- pany H (667); Company K (p. 668). APPENDIX 7. — Roll of Regiment in Servick in' Brooklyn, 1895. Field staff and Non-commissioned staff (p. 670); officers and members of Company A (p. 670); Company B (p. 671); Company C (p. 672); Company D (p. 673I; Company E (p. 674); Company F (p. 676); Company G (p. 677); Com- pany H (p. 678); Company I (p. 679); Company K (p. 679). ILLUSTj^^TIONS. PAGE Portrait of Adj. -Gen. Porter (from the painting by C. G. Turner), Frontispiece Portrait of Col. James Monroe, . . 7 Officers' Uniform, Union Grays (from photograph, Capt. D. S. Brown), 10 Sergeants' Uniform, Union Grays (from photograph, Wm. Man), . . 20 Privates' Uniform, Union Grays (from photograph, Isaac L. Doughty), 22 Burned Arsenal, Harper's Ferry (from author's sketch), 56 John Brown's Engine House (from author's sketch), . . 57 Examining Passes (from author's sketch), 62 Regimental Officers at Harper's Ferry (from photograph by Brady), 65 Harper's Ferry (from photograph), . . . 6g The Happy Family, Co. A — Homans, Van Brunt, Brewer, Robbins, Schenck and Goldschmidt (photograph), . 77 Q. M. White, Surgeons Lee and Gallatin, and Chaplain White (photograph), 77 Col. Monroe's Monument (photograph), .... Servants of our Company, Harper's Ferry (photograph), Captain and Sergeants, Co. F (photograph), . Non-commissioned Staff (photograph), Company A, Officers and Men (photograph), Capt. and Mrs. Cox, Capt. Post and Lieut. H. C. Oakley (photograph), Adjt. W. J. A. McGrath (photograph), . . 97 Company E, Officers and Men (photograph), . . 99 Fugitive Slaves Passing Picket (from author's sketch), 100 Twenty-second at Inspection, Harper's Ferry (photograph), loi Twenty second in Square, Harper's Ferry (photograph), loi Guard Mount, Harper's Ferry (photograph), . . ici Non-commissioned Officers, Co. C, Harper's Ferry (photograph), 105 Mistaken Identity (author's sketch), . . . .107 Private off Picket (tin type of author), . . loS Company A in Line, Harper's Ferry (photograph), . 109 Co. G in Line, Harper's Ferry (photograph), . . .109 Plan of Breastworks on Camp Hill (from author's sketch), m Right Flank of Camp, inside Breastwork (from author's sketch), . . 112 Col. D. S. Miles (photograph), . . .113 C. J. Bulkley, N. H. Babcock, W. H. Sheldon, C. and A. Foster (photo- graph), .....•■•• Officers and Non-commissioned Officers, Co. G (photograph), . 115 Company H at Harper's Ferry (photograph), . . 119 79 85 87 91 93 97 114 Ifllustratlons. PAGE Company D at Harper's Ferry (photograph), . . 121 Company F at Harper's Ferry ("photograph), . 121 Company G in Column, Harper's Ferry (photograph), 121 Q. M. White and Surgepn Lee (photograph), 125 Col. Lloyd Aspinwall (photograph), . . . 137 Fourteenth Street Armory in Blizzard of 188S (photograph), 139 Maj.-Gen. Chas. W. Sandford (from caricature by Thos. Nast), 151 Gen. W. F. (Baldy) Smith (photograph), I53 Capt. II. D. Landls and Lieut. Perkins (photograph), 160 R. W. Gilder (photograph), ... , . i5i Fortifying Round House at Bridgeport, Pa. (from author's sketch), iSo Inside of Round House (author's sketch), . 180 Regimental Headquarters under Railroad Bridge opposite Harrisburgh (author's sketch), . . . . . 183 Landis' Battery in Action at Oyster Point, . . 183 Bombardment of Carlisle (from painting in Philadelphia), . 211 Shelling N. Y. N. G. in Carlisle (from Harper's Weekly), . . 217 Twenty-second and Landis' Battery at Carlisle (from Powell's painting), 231 Crossing Yellow Breeches Creek (author's sketch), . 262 Landis' Battery ascending South Mountain (from Harper's JFeei/y), . 267 Judge Henry E. Davies, . . . 271 Marching through the Mud (cut), . . 290 Making a Fire at Funkstown (author's sketch), 292 Camp in the Wood (author's slietch), . . 293 Cleaning the Rifles (author's sketch), 298 Bough Shelter (author's sketch), . . 302 Reville in the Field (Harper's Weekl}), . . 303 Lieuts. Camp and Ascough, Sergts. Wildey and Pearsall and Private Bogart (photograph), .... . 306 Marching through Maryland (author's sketch), . . 321 Drumming out a thief at Monacacy Junction (author's sketch), . 324 Col. James F. Cox (photograph), ..... 352 Col. Geo. B. Post (photograph), . . 353 Adjt. Wm. J. Harding (photograph), . . 355 Col. Wm. W. Remmey (photograph), . . 360 Chasseur Fatigue Uniform (pho'.ograph of statuette), . 376 Col. Porter, Field and Staff, in "Swallow-tailed " Dress Uniform (photo- graph), .... . .377 " Swallow tailed " Dress Uniform (photograph of statuette), . 381 Col. Remmey, Capt. Wingate, Lieut. Freeland and detail in Chasseur Uni- form (photograph), . ... . 383 Firing Standing (cut), . . 386 Wingate's Target (from Blunt' s Manual), . . 388 Firing Kneeling (cut), . . . 389 Firing Lying Prone (cut), . . 351 miustratfors. rACK Gen. Geo. W. Wingate, Gen. Inspector Rifle Practice (photograph), 393 Regimental Rifle Team of 1873 (photograph), . 3g7 Shaler Badge (cut), . . . 399 Army and Navy Journal C\ip [cnVj . . 400 Certificate presented Twenty-seecond Rifle Team, . . . 401 Rathbone Badge (cul), ... . 402 Entrance to Creedmoor (photograph), .... 403 200 Yards Firing at Creedmoor (photograph), 403 State Prize (cut), .... 405 500 Yards Firing at Creedmoor (photograph), . . 407 300 Yards Firing at Creedmoor (photograph), . . . 407 Twenty-second at Philadelphia Centennial, 1S76 (photograph), . . 439 Twenty-second on Parade, Union Square (photograph), 445 Col. John T. Camp (photograph), . 449 Striking Tents, State Camp (photograph), . . . 465 Guard Mount, State Camp (photograph), . 466 The Guard, State Camp (photograph), 468 The March to Peekskill (4 photographs), 475 Present Regimental Armory (photograph), . . . . 493 Geo. Brown (photograph), . . 499 Patrick S. Gilmore (photograph), . 502 Major Bartlett (photograph), . . 504 Wrecker Car at Buffalo (cut), .... .505 Lieut. Col. Wm. V. King (pjiotograph), ... .507 Sentries at Buffalo (cut), . 513 Types of Buffalo Rioters (cut), . . . 515 Marching into Position at Buffalo (cut), . 516 517 Co. A under Del. & H. Trestle (photograph), 518 Camp Bartlett (2 photographs), . . . 519 Commissary Department, Tifft Farm (photograph), . 521 Camp at Trestle (cut), ... . . 526 Attack on Sentries (cut), . _._ . 428 Co. A. in Action at Buffalo (photograph), . 531 Keeping back Rioters at Buffalo (cut), . . 533 Col. King Sleeping (cut), . . 536 Capt. Demarest at Buffalo (photograph), . . .539 Regimental Headquarters at Tiift Farm (3 photographs), 541 Guards on Train (cut), . ' 543 Chaplain Wm. N. Dunnell (photograph) 550 Camp King, Buffalo (photograph), . . 553 Box Cars, used for Quarters (photograph), . . 555 Guards en Locomotives (photograph), . 556 Delivering Supplies (cut), . . 557 Major Geo. E. B. Hart (photograph), 562 iritustrations. PAGE Regimental Officers at Buffalo, 1893, . . 567 Regiment at Niagara Falls (cut) , . 569 On Duty at Brooklyn, i8g5 (cut), , 578 The Triumph (cut), . . (107 Colonel and Field and Staff Officers (photograph), opposite 658 Non-commissioned Staff (photograph), opposite 660 Company C (photograph), opposite 662 Company E (photograph), opposite 664 Company G (photograph), opposite 666 Company K (photograph), . opposite 668 Colonel, Field, Staff and Line Officers, State Camp, 1895 (photo- graph), . . . . opposite 670 Company A and B (photographs) 2 pages, . opposite 672 Company D (photograph), . . opposite 674 Company F (photograph), opposite 676 Company H (photograph), . . opposite 678 Company I (photograph), . . opposite 680 PREFACE. npHIS History has been written at the request of the Board of Officers of the Twenty-second Regiment. While its com- position has been a labor of love, it has not the less been a diffi- cult and engrossing task. There are many important omissions in the records, caused, to some extent, by the fire in the armory of the Regiment, but more by the loose way in which books and papers were, prior to 1868, kept in the National Guard, and particularly at Brigade and Divi.sion Headquarters in New York City. The lapse of time has also clouded the memories of those who participated in what took place more than thirty years ago. The author has sought to correct his own recollections, to reconcile the often conflicting statements made to him, and to supply the missing information by an examination of the Re- bellion Records (which contain the official orders and corre- spondence of both the North and South in the War of the Re- bellion) as well as of old letters, diaries and newspapers, to- gether with the files of orders, minutes of the Board of Officers, reports of the Adjutant-General's Department of the State, and by correspondence with many persons. This has occupied his leisure hours for the last three years. While many important facts have unquestionably been omitted, those that are given, it is believed, may be relied upon as being accurate. The author is under great obligations to many officers and members of the Regiment, and to others from whom he has received assistance which has added much to the value of the work. Col. William J. Harding, in particular, besides writing a part of the chapter on the "Orange Riots," has placed at his disposal many important memoranda, files of orders which were not in the possession of the Regiment, newspaper dip- pings and other information, which have been of the greatest assistance and have added largely to the historical value of the book. Capt. Jos. P. Jardine has supplied much other valuable information. The chapter "A Fight for an Armory" is almost entirely, and that on the "Brooklyn Strike" is very largely, written by him. The chapters upon the " Buffalo Cam- paign" are based upon accounts received from Lieut. -Col. Wm. V. King, Adjt. Henry H. Treadwell, Sergts. Henry C. Vance and Charles P. Shinn and Mr. R. H. Weviil. Mr. Wevill has also taken charge of the work of preparing the illustra- tions, and has been of the greatest help in supervising the mechanical portion of the book. In addition to these, Col. James F. Cox, Col. Rufus King, U. S. A., Capt. Henry E. Howland and Capt. Samuel Carey (acting Assistant Adjutant- General on General "Baldy" Smith's staff in 1863), and many others, including Chaplain William H. Bunnell, have revised the manuscript and made many valuable suggestions. Mr. C. G. Turner has kindly permitted the use of his portrait of General Porter, which constitutes the frontispiece. The author is fully conscious of the many imperfections of his book. He would have preferred that it should be less of a personal character, but this was tmavdidable, where, as here, personal recollections had, of necessity, to be so largely drawn upon. He is also painfully aware that he is not an artist, and only reproduces his rough sketches made in the field for want of anything better. He submits the work to his old comrades, with whom he served during so many of the most pleasant years of his life, and to those who have succeeded him and them in the Twenty- second, in the hope that its defects will be excused in view of the difficulties against which he has had to contend, and for " auld lang syne." New York, October i, 1895. CHAPTER I. ORGANIZATION OF THE TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT N. G. S. N. Y. TTNLIKE most of the other regiments of the ^ National Guard of the State of New York, the Twenty-second Regiment is the direct offspring of the War of the Rebellion. In April, 1861, the national situation was desperate. All the National Guard was at the front. The Capitol was in danger ; President Lincoln had called upon them to protect it, and, with more men than they had muskets, every regiment had gone to the seat of war, where the entire regular army was also assembled. This had left the great city of New York and its harbor with no protection other than the police. Under these cir- cumstances, the managers of the banks, insurance com- panies and other moneyed institutions of the city held a meeting on April 23, 1861, at which it was decided to organize, arm and equip, at their own expense, a brigade for the protection of the city. A committee was ap- pointed, consisting of John T. Denny, A. F. Higgins and Lorillard Spencer, which effected a preliminary organization and published the following advertisement 2 j^icforg of fge ^wenfgs^econb (Resimenf in the Evening Post of Friday, April 26, 1861, among a number of notices, etc., grouped under the head of " The War " : UNION GRAYS, ATTENTION! This Rifle Corps, which was organized at Delmonico's last Tuesday evening, will hold its fourth meeting for business and drill at S3 West Thirteenth Street, this evening, at 8 o'clock. Gentlemen wishing to join are invited to be present. John T. Denny. In the Evening Post of Saturday, April 27, 1 861, also appears the following advertisement, under the head of "The War," and marked to be published for a week: UNION GRAYS, ATTENTION! A meeting for drill and business will be held this evening at 8 o'clock, at the Armory, corner of Fourth Street and Broadway, entrance on Fourth Street. By order, John T. Denny, A. F. HiGGiNS, S- Committee. LoRiLLARD Spencer, J Such steps were subsequently taken that, in pur- suance of a call from Lloyd Aspinwall, a largely-attended public meeting was held on May 13, 186 1, at a hall at the southwest corner of Lafayette Place and Fourth Street, at which the new " Home Guard " was formally initiated, several companies being organized upon the spot from those present. At this meeting there were elected as temporary, or rather civil, officers Lloyd Aspinwall, President ; Henry Meigs, Jr., Vice-President ; Hugh N. Camp, Secretary, and Wm. B. Meeker, Treasurer, John T. Denny, after- wards Chief of Staff for General William G. Ward, ^ieiov^ of i^t ^wenfgs^econb (Regtmenf ^ being chairman of the Recruiting Committee. These were men prominent in Wall Street and in business circles, and represented the banking and- commercial interests of the city. The following gentlemen, who had interested them- selves in the organization of the Union Grays, were elected honorary members: F. S. Winston, Mutual Life Insurance Company. George T. Hope, Continental Fire Insurance Company. Nathaniel Hayden, Chatham Bank. F. S. Lathrop, Union Mutual Insurance Company. Charles J. Martin, Home Insurance Company. John Wadsworth. Ed. a. Stansberry, Metropolitan Insurance Company. Jas. M. McLean, Citizens' Fire Insurance Company. Wm. H. Aspinwall, Rowland & Aspinwall. Morris Fjiankltn, New York Life Insurance Company. At this meeting the following was read, being an abstract from the minutes of the committee from the banks and insurance companies which was engaged in promoting the organization of the Union Grays: W/iereas, A meeting of the officers and managers of our banks, insurance companies and other moneyed corporations was held at 94 Broadway on Tuesday afternoon, the 23d of April, 1 86 1, to take into consideration and to make arrange- ments, if deemed advisable, to organize a brigade to cooperate with our Government in protecting this city and district, at which meeting the formation of such a body was determined upon, and appropriate committees were appointed and empow- ered to carry the same into effect, and Whereas, Such military organization has been formed in this city, under the name of "The Union Grays," composing artil- lery, cavalry and rifle companies, in conformity with the design and purposes of the above-named institution, and 4 JgtBforg of f^e ^wenfgs^econb QReatmenf Whereas, The corporations named are contributing funds to aid in the arming, equipping and sustaining the said military- corps, a considerable portion of whom are connected with these institutions, and Whereas, It is desirable that the unity of interest and action now existing between these institutions and the military organi- zation shall continue ; therefore Resolved, That an executive committee of five persons be appointed to represent the permanent property in arms, etc., contributed or purchased by the Corporation and intended for the use of said military organization, for the purposes stated, and also for any financial purpose which may be necessary in permanently carrying out the objects designed; also Resolved, That said committee hold their offices until their successors are appointed, and have power to fill any vacancy in their body ; and also to appoint a treasurer, who shall have the custody of the funds collected, and disburse the same under the direction of the committee ; and further Resolved, That it is desirable that the organization and pur- pose of the committee be formally recognized by the ' ' Associa- tion of the Union Grays. " The meeting therefore determined that the com- mittee appointed by the " Bank and Insurance Organi- zation " should be invited to attend all business meet- ings of the new corps. The following standing committees were also ap- pointed: Finance. Armory. Executive. Henry A. Oakley. John E. Wilsey. Lloyd Aspinwall. Wm. E. Dodge, Jr. Boyle. H. Meigs, Jr. Smith. T. Cooper Lord. H. N. Camp. W. H. H. Moore. W. B. Meeker. Geo. A. Robbins. H. A. Oakley. John E. Wilsey. ^tfiforg of f0e ^iwenfgs^econb (TRegtmenf ^ These committees, in connection with that repre- senting the banks and insurance companies, proceeded to raise the necessary funds for arming and equipping the Union Grays. It was stated at the time that the amount subscribed was from banks about $5,000, from insurance companies $15,000, but, as not unfrequently happens in such cases, this turned out to be an over- estimate. The amount actually realized was finally reported by the Treasurer as follows : Contributed by Banks and Insurance Cos. . .$16,435.00 Contributed by Co. G, Union Grays 100.00 Turned over by Treasurer 1,275.00 Turned over by Lloyd Aspinwall 300.00 Total receipts $18,110.00 Paid for arms, accoutrements and sundries, 17,624.51 Balance $485.49 This left still due by the regiment- for its arms and accoutrements $5,677.60, besides $230.62 borrowed money, making a deficiency of $5,422.11, which it was compelled to raise by contributions, concerts, etc. The committees were fortunate in inducing Col. James Monroe, formerly captain in the Fourth Infantry U. S. A., who had served in the Florida war and also served upon the staff of Gen. Scott, in the Mexican war, and who was the author of several military works, to accept the position of colonel of the new organization. The companies organized at the meeting of May 13, 1861, were A, C, D, E, G and H, and were formed hv the men present grouping themselves in accord- ance with their previous social or business acquaint- 6 JgiBforg of i^t ^wenfgsSeconb (Hesjtmenf ance, and selecting as officers those whom they consid- ered best qualified to command them. Company A was composed mainly of young men who were prominent in business and social circles in New York, and for a long time claimed to be the "swell company" of the regiment. Among its original numbers were Charles Lanier, Edward M. Townsend, Geo. B. Goldschmidt, Edward C. Lord, Duncan W. Cryder, Richard Irwin, Jr., and David S. Eggleston. Among those subsequently joining were Edward C. Romans, WiUiam A. Brewer and Geo. W. Wingate. It elected as its first officers captain, James Otis; first lieu- tenant, James F. Cox; second lieutenant, George Fuller. Upon the first organization of the Union Grays, quarters were secured for all the companies upon the second floor of the building on the southwesterly corner of Fourth Street and Lafayette Place, the Twelfth Regi- ment Armory occupying the floor above. Their stay was short, as the rent was high and the premises inade- quate. They were accordingly given up on the first of May, i85i. During the three years which subsequently elapsed before the regiment was provided with an armory,* the companies secured accommodations as best they could in different quarters of the city, each company not only paying the rent of the rooms it used, but that of fitting them up, lighting, heating and caring for them. Com- pany A, in connection with Company C, leased the second and third floors of No. i86 Sixth Avenue, next to the " Woodbine," then on the southwest corner of Thirteenth Street. The building leased is still (1895) standing, and is used as a carpet store. Its first floor ♦See Chapter XL, page 140 post COL. JAMES MONROE. JgiBtotrg of f^e ^wcnfgs^econb (Regiment g was divided into two company rooms, Qompany A using the front and C the back room. The second floor was used as a drill-room -by both. These premises were thus jointly occupied by these companies until the erection of the regimental armory in Fourteenth Street, in 1864. The quarters were very cramped. Those who are accustomed to the freedom of move- ment permitted in the spacious new armories now con- structed for National Guard organizations, will marvel how a company sixty strong could drill in a space of twenty by seventy-five feet, particularly under the stiff movements of the old tactics. Yet this was the size of the usual drill rooms.' The companies had, however, never been accus- tomed to anytliing better, and therefore did not com- plain. The main drilling was of necessity in the " manual " and marching by a flank. Nothing but the simplest movements could be practiced in the drill- room, and in consequence, the companies frequently drilled in the walks of Washington Square, when the weather permitted. The following is a copy of one of the first orders issued. It is printed upon a card three and a half by two and a half inches, and is noticeable for the many respects in which it varies from the regulations : COMPANY A— UNION GRAYS. In pursuance of General Orders No. 2, all members of Com- pany A are hereby ordered to assemble at their Armory, 185 Sixth Avenue, in uniform, on Wednesday evening, June 12, 1861, at 7^ o'clock, for batallion drill. James Otis, Captain. F. Otis, Orderly. !0 l^tefcre of t^ ^ttimfgs^econb QRegtmenf Company B did not join the Twenty-second until No- vember 1 1, 1 86 1. This company was composed of the members of an organization known as the " Federal Chasseurs," which had been formed under the , ^, leadership of Col."Pony" Farnham (afterwards colonel of the First Fire Zouaves), from the mem- bers of Wood's Gymna- sium. It was organized upon the Zouave model, in the style of the " Ells- worth's Zouaves," a Chi- cago company which had shortly before made a tour of the United States, giving a series of exhibi- tion drills which had ex- cited great admiration, although at the present day their evolutions would be considered more gymnastic than military. Among the first members of Company B were David S. Brown, afterwards lieutenant-colonel • of the Twenty-second; George Moore Smith, now (1895) lieutenant-colonel of the Seventh; Wm. W. Remmey and John T. Camp, both of whom after- wards became colonel^ of the Twenty-second, and Thomas C. CuUen, who was afterwards its lieutenant- colonel. OFFICER S UNIFOKM. CAPT. DAVID ^. BROWN, B COMPANY. j^ieforg of fge ^iwenffis^econb QRegimenf 1 1 The Federal Chasseurs were uniformed with blue jackets and red Zouave trousers, and drilled at the corner of Fourth and Mercer Streets. When " Pony " Farn- ham gave up their command for the lieutenant-colonelcy of the First Fire Zouaves, Geo. Moore Smith became captain. In May, 1861, he joined the Seventh, and shortly afterwards the Chasseurs decided to join the Twenty-second. A portion of them, under the leader- ship of David S. Brown joined Company B and secured drill rooms in Sixth Avenue, opposite Clinton Place. The original officers of Company B were: Captain, David S. Brown: second lieutenant, Aaron C. Allan, the position of first lieutenant being vacant. Company C was organized at the meeting of May 13, 1862, by Capt. George B. Post (afterwards colonel of the regiment). It elected him as its captain ; J. Hen- derson Grant as first and H. Cruger Oakley as second lieutenant. Its drill rooms were the same as those used by Com- pany A. Lieut. Grant having been appointed regi- mental adjutant, Lieut. Oakley was promoted to be first lieutenant November i, 1861, and W. J. A. McGrath was elected second lieutenant. Company D had its inception in a mihtary associa- tion which had been organized in one day by a number of those engaged in insurance companies in Wall Street and its vicinity, at the outbreak of the Civil War. The first meeting of the association was held May 9, i86i,in an insurance office down town, and on May 13, 1861, it was organized as a military body and A. Foster Hig- gins having been reported "to be the most fully qualified for commanding officer," was elected captain. 12 ^ieiot^ of i^e ^wenfg^^econa QRegtmenf At this meeting the company decided to become a por- tion of the Union Grays. It subsequently secured a drill room on the upper floors of the building at the corner of Seventh Street and Hall Place, which it oc- cupied until the erection of the Fourteenth Street Armory. Its first officers were A. Foster Higgins, captain, and Richard Vose, first lieutenant. M. Floyd Reading was elected second lieutenant Oct. 31, 1861, but resigned April 29, 1862. Company E was one of the companies which was organized at the general meeting in Fourth Street. It was composed largely of officers and employees of dif- ferent banks. It selected as captain John E. Wilsey, who had had considerable experience in commanding an independent company known as the " Baxter Blues." Its first lieutenant was Geo. W. Finch (who resigned in April, 1862), and James H. Aikman, second lieutenant. It established its drill room and company quarters over a stable on the southeasterly corner of University Place and Thirteenth Street. Brig.-Gen. Ulysses Doubleday, Geo. B. Germond, Austin Adams and E. S. Connor were among its first members. On account of internal dissensions, it was disbanded in 1863, and a number of its officers and men, uniting with a number from Company K, formed the One- hundred-and-Second New York Volunteers, of which Capt. Wilsey became colonel. Its letter remained vacant until 1868. It was then reorganized by a num- ber of the members of Company B, under the leader- ship of Capt. John T. Camp (afterwards colonel of the regiment), who thought that they could be of more J^tBforg of f^e ^ttjenfgs^econJ) (Regtmenf 13 service to the regiment and to the State in a new com- pany, of which the regiment was then in need — it having but nine companies — than they could in their old company. Company F was composed of a number of the Fed- eral Chasseurs, who, instead of joining B Company, on January 8, 1862, united with Edward A. Landers in forming a new company. This had drill rooms on the fourth floor of a building in Sixth Avenue, opposite Clinton Place; It elected as captain, Albert N. Francis, formerly captain of a well-known independent company. George H. Bellows was first lieutenant and Edward A. Landers, second lieutenant. Prior to the meeting of May 13, 1861, there were in New York a number of unattached military companies, forming no part of the regular National Guard, which had been previously organized under the growing appre- hension of trouble that had existed in the public mind for some time. A number of these availed themselves of the organization of the Union Grays to enroll them- selves as members. Among these were the City Cadets, which joined as Companies G and H. This had its origin in " The White Ball Club " which was formed in 1858, and was named after Charles Trumbull White. Among the leading spirits of this club were George De Forest Lord, Walter Edwards, Fred. Sturges, A. G. Agnew and Thomas Denny. The club was remarkable for nothing more than the social standing of its mem- bers, who were among the jeunesse doree of that period. On April 22, 186 1, the club held a meeting at the house of Mr. White, 381 Fifth Avenue, and decided to form themselves into a drill club, " for the purpose 14 3§tBfoi*8 of f^e ^ttJenfg^Seconb (Regttmnf of defending the lives and property of the citizens and the harbor of New York, in the absence of the regular militia, who had gone to the war." John E. Parsons presided and Dr. Benjamin Lee acted as secretary. Thirty names were signed to the roll, among whom were Wm. E. Dodge, Jr., A. M. Parsons, Jr., Henry A. Oakley, William C. Soutter, Henry C. Sector, Henry E. Howland, N. P. Rogers, T. Hoadly and Charles Trumbull White. Three days later the company met at 1 1 39 Broadway, and was drilled by Chas. W. Sy, then a corporal of the Seventh. Afterwards Col. W. W. Tompkins (of the Second N. Y. S. M.) was elected drill master, sixteen new names were added to the roll, and the following officers were elected : President, B. F. Butler; secretary, Dr. Benj. Lee; treasurer, Henry A. Oakley. Among those who joined were Albon P. Man, Henry Fairchild, W. H. Anthon, Francis F. Mar- bury and C. H. Ludington. The company took the name of the City Cadets, decided to drill three times a week, and thereafter continued as a regular military organization. On May 8, i86i,it had increased to such numbers that it was divided into two companies, the officers of Company A (which was composed mostly from members of the Young Men's Christian Associa- tion of Dr. Alexander's Presbyterian Church, Fifth Avenue and Nineteenth Street, which made it the religious company of the regiment) being : B. F. Butler, captain; Geo. De F. Lord, first lieutenant, and Geo. N. Lieber, second lieutenant, and those of Company B being Capt. John E. Parsons and Lieuts. Walter Ed- wards and H. S. Rogers. These companies were present at the meeting at which the Union Grays j^ieforg of f0e ^wcnfgs^econb QResimenf 15 was organized, and joined it in a body, Company A joining as Company G and Company B as Company H. These companies leased drill rooms at the corner of Seventh Street and Hall Place, in connection with Company D. Col. Monroe was desirous of organizing two flank- ing companies to act as skirmishers. A nucleus of about twenty-five men was formed, who, although not organized and without officers, hired a drill sergeant, and drilled an hour daily in the early morning for sev- eral weeks, intending to join the regiment as Company B. The drill was very severe, at least in hot weather, involving much " double-quicking " besides bayonet drill and gymnastic evolutions, and it was difficult to build up the company. The idea of flank companies was finally abandoned, and the members all joined Company H, one of them. First Sergeant R. Suydam Grant, being made captain of that company on January 2, 186 1, Capt. John E. Parsons, its original captain, having then resigned. Its other officers were : First Heutenant, Walter Edwards, Jr. ; second lieutenant, Charles Lord (who resigned January 16, 1862). Company I was not organized until the Twenty- second was starting upon its campaign of 1862. The history of its organization is therefore given at page 36 posterior. After its return from Virginia it leased a company and drill room at the corner of Broadway and Thirty-second Street. Company K was organized in February, 1863. It was then realized that the war was to be protracted and that it was nearly certain that the State Militia, as they were then termed, would be called into the field during 1 6 %iBtotii of i^t ^ojenfgs^econb (Rtsimtni the approaching summer. It was also seen that the various "independent companies" which, prior to the war, had formed the eh'^e of the city militia, were of little military value, and one after the other joined the different regiments or disbanded. One of the most prominent of these was the Lindsay Blues, which joined the Twenty-second as Company K, under the command of Capt. Edgar A. Roberts, Thomas Price being its .first lieutenant and Henry T. White second lieutenant. This company was disbanded in 1863. Subsequently, with some of the members of Company E, its officers organized the One- hundred-and-Second N. Y. Volunteers. The colonelcy was given to Capt. Wilsey of Company E; Capt. Roberts was made major. The adjutant and quarter- master were Henry White and Thomas Price, the first and second lieutenants of K. In fact, with the excep- tion of the colonel, all the field, staff and line of the One-hundred-and-Second, were composed of the offi- cers, non-commissioned officers and members of Com- pany K. Sergt. Thomas H. C. Kinkaid was captain of Company A, Private Duncan C. Graham of Company E, and Sergeant Rich of Company R in the One- hundred-and-Second.* The following is the first general order issued to the Twenty-second Regiment : Headquarters Union Grays, 1 New York, May 20, 1861. \ General orders No. i. I. The undersigned, by virtue of an election held by the com- pany officers on the 18th inst., hereby assumes command of the regiment. *See Appendix, Part II., post. J^ififorg of f0e ^wenfgs^econb (Kegtmenf 1 7 II. An inspection and review of the regiment will be held at the rendezvous in Fourth Street at 8 o'clock p. m. of Thursday, the 23rd inst. III. Within two days after the inspection above directed, commanders of companies will furnish to the regimental com- mander, a field return of their companies which will state the number of commissioned and non-commissioned officers, and the rank and file of their respective companies. A memoran- dum will be added below, on the face of the field return, stating how far the company has advanced in drill. Hardee's system is adopted as that which will be followed by the battalion of infantry. The returns will likewise specify the number of mem- bers of the companies that are uniformed, or partly in uniform. The situation of the drill rooms will likewise be mentioned and the days and hours set apart for drill. IV. Lloyd Aspinwall is hereby appointed acting adjutant of the corps, and will be obeyed and respected accordingly. V. In conformity with army regulations, all reports, returns and communications addressed to regimental headquarters will ■be made to the adjutant. J. Monroe, Colonel Commanding. On March 16, 1862, the Twenty-second made the first of the many parades which it was subsequently to make as escort for those who fell in the field in the de- fence of their country; Companies A, D, F and G parading as escort to the remains of Lieut. Henry Hed- den of the Lincoln First New York Cavalry, who had greatly distinguished himself. The thanks of the First Cavalry were subsequently tendered to the regiment for the honor done to one of its officers by this parade. At this time Col. Monroe issued another general order prescribing a thorough course of instruction. All companies were required to begin with squad drill and 1 8 l^tfiforg of f0e ^wenfg^^econb (Regimenf proceed systematically through the schools of the soldier and company. Recruit squads were ordered to be es- tablished. Captains were required to examine the non- commissioned officers of their companies in the first part of the tactics, and to read to their men the articles of war and the regulations. Salutes were strictly en- joined. Wing drills were also ordered. The following was the strength of the different com- panies on April i, 1862 : Co. Sergt. Members. TOTA A 5 56 61 B 4 26 3° C 4 40 44 D 5 64 69 E 4 38 42 F 4 28 32 G 5 85 90 H 4 23 27 Aggregate, 395 d^ CHAPTER II. FIRST UNIFORMS, ARMS AND OFFICERS. TDROBABLY no military organization has ever been -*- formed in any city which contained, in the first in- stance, so many well-known and influential men as those who composed the Union Grays. Through their influ- ence, and under the prestige which was justly attached to the name of Colonel Monroe, the ranks of the regiment were rapidly filled up, in spite of the fact that the vol- unteer regiments in the field were absorbing almost everybody having military inclinations. It soon num- bered over 400 men. They adopted as their uniform a single-breasted frock coat, cut in the French style, with the skirt reaching to the knee, made of gray cloth, with red collar and cuffs, trimmed with white piping. The trousers were of gray, with a red stripe edged with white piping down the sides; the cap was a gray kepi, with red band and top, each edged with white piping. Yel- low leathern leggins were afterwards adopted, which were greatly liked in the field, excluding the dust and keeping the trousers free from mud. The uniform and equipments were paid for by the men themselves. No more tasteful or trim-looking uniform has ever been seen in the City of New York than this, and the 20 ^ififore of i^ $f»enfg«Seconb (Regtmenf wearers were soon known as the Strawberry Grays. They also decided upon a gray fatigue jacket, but it was never procured. Application was made at once to the State and Federal Gov- ernment for arms for the new organization, but none were to be had, the authori- ties being at their wits' end to supply the troops then at the front with guns. So great was the demand that Belgian guns of antiquated pattern, which were as apt to go off at half-cock as not, were being imported at high prices in order to arm the volunteers. Under these circumstances, the Union Grays purchased and im- ported Enfield rifles from England for their own use. These, unlike many of the guns which the Government was purchasing, were well-made and serviceable weapons. They were provided with sword bayonets, which pre- sented a very formidable appearance, but which subse- quent experience in the field led the men to think were inferior to the triangular bayonet. The average opinion was that they made the "rifles" "muzzle-heavy," and were useless, even for chopping wood. Unlike Amer- ican rifles, the parts of which are made interchangeable, those of each of the Enfields used by the Twenty-sec- ond were different from the other. This difference was SERGEANT'S UNIFORM. SERGEANT WM. MAN, COMPANY H. too slight to be detected hy the eye, but it was sufficient to constitute an intense annoyance in service. If a man did not pick up his own gun, which was frequently the case on duty, his bayonet would not fit, and when the guns were taken apart to be cleaned, if the parts belong- ing to two guns were mixed, it was a most aggravating task to separate them. The sergeants' rifles were much shorter than the others. The Union Grays, after giving up the Fourth Street building, secured temporary office-room for head- quarters at what was then the New York State Arsenal, in White Street, and proceeded most diligently to get itself into something like military shape, under the direction of Col. Monroe, Lloyd Aspinwall, who had been made lieutenant-colonel, and J. Henderson Grant, adjutant. Col. James Monroe was a man of medium size, with rather dark complexion, black mustache and imperial, having somewhat the appearance of Gen. Geo. B. Mc- Clellan, although much darker. He was quiet and gentle in his manners, but a stern disciplinarian and an accomplished soldier. He was extremely popular in the regiment, which had the greatest respect for and confidence in him. His service in the Florida War had sapped his constitution, and frequently placed him upon the sick-list. He was taken sick at Baltimore, and although he rejoined the regiment at Harper's Ferry, and assumed command July 8, 1862, he wjs seldom able afterwards personally to command the regiment, or even to stay in camp. His endeavor to do so produced a relapse, which caused his death July 31, 1862. Gen. Miles had a great respect for his opinion, and if he had 22 %iatot^ of f^e ^wenfgs^econ?) (Restmenf lived, it is probable that the shameful surrender of Har- per's Ferrj would never have occurred.* The members of the regiment made up by industry and enthusiasm for their lack of previous military knowledge. Some of the companies drilled every night and all three times a week, during the summer. At one time even a down town drill room was used. As the weather was hot and the drill rooms small, the companies drilled a great deal in Wash- ington Square. There were also frequent bat- talion drills which were carried on according to a prescribed pro- gramme. Those of the companies whose officers were without sufficient previous experience to make them competent in- structors, employed special drill masters. The progress made was very rapid, and the companies soon began to present a military appearance. Col. Monroe had on every Tuesday a course of theoretical instruction and skeleton drills for the of- ficers and a school for the guides. He also required the important parts of the articles of war and of the army » See Chapter VIII., page 113 post PRIVATE S HNIFORM. PRIVATE ISAAC L. DOUGHTY, D COMPANY. ^iBforg of i^t ^tt>enfB«#econb (Regtmenf 23 regulations to be read to the companies. It is char- acteristic of the times that one of the first things that was done was to require all officers and men to take the oath of allegiance. Also that the resignation and election of non-commissioned officers were published in general orders. After September, 1862, the regiment had become suflficiently instructed, so that only one drill a week was had. It had been contemplated to have a Brooklyn com- pany, but this was given up after it was found that the Union Grays intended to join the State militia. While the intention of those who organized it, and of the financiers who had contributed to its equipment, was that the Union Grays should devote itself to the defence of the city, the members of the regiment soon became very restive under the idea. Troops were daily moving to the front, through the streets of the city, men were falling in the field and the members of the Union Grays were far from pleased at the cry of " Home Guard," which their gray uniform was apt to elicit from the small boys on their way to and from drill. On June 25, 1861, shortly after the organization was equipped, the Board of Officers of the Union Grays passed a resolution stating that it was their desire to be of real service to the community and to secure a permanent existence, and they therefore desired to be- come a part of the regular State miUtia. That any funds contributed by those who objected to this being done should be returned. The matter was submitted to the different companies who decided by a practically unanimous vote to become part of the State troops. 24 JRtBfoittt of f0e ^toenfgs^econb (Regtmenf ' Iff The officers accordingly made application to the State authorities to be mustered into the State service as a part of the regular National Guard. Their application was granted, and after considerable delay, they were mustered into the service with eight companies as the Twenty-second Regiment N. G. S. N. Y. on September 17, 1 86 1, Gen. Burnside and staff honoring the occasion with their presence. The field officers were re-elected October 4, 1861. A formal presentation of colors was made to the regiment October 16, 1861, at which time the names of the regimental staff were announced in orders. Its action in becoming a part of the National Guard caused a considerable reduction in the strength of the Twenty-second. The cashiers and most of the clerks of some of the banks, particularly the Metro- politan, had originally joined the regiment with the idea that it would be exclusively a home guard. It was im- possible for them all to serve in an organization which might be compelled at any time to be ordered into ac- tive service and many of them were consequently obliged to withdraw from the companies they had joined. The following is the roster of the officers at that time : ORIGINAL OFFICERS OF THE TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT N. G. S. N. Y. Colonel, James Monroe. Lieutenant-Colonel, Lloyd Aspinwall. Major, vacant. Adjutant, J. Henderson Grant. Engineer, James Renwick, Jr. Commissary, Henri M. Braem. Surgeon, vacant. Quartermaster, Charles Trurxibull White. Assistant Quartermaster, O. W. Bird. Paymaster, W. B. Meeker. Assistant Surgeon, Benjamin Lee, M. D. Chaplain, Rev. John Cotton Smith. Band Master, F. B. Helmsmuller. Captain A, James Otis. " B, vacant. C, George B. Post. " D, A. Foster Higgins. E, John M. Wilsey. F, Albert N. Francis. G, Benjamin F. Butler. " H, John E. Parsons. First Lieutenant A, James F. Cox. B, vacant. C, H. Cruger Oakley. D, Richard Vose. E, Geo. W. Finch. F, G. H. Bellows. G, Geo. De F. Lord. H, Walter Edwards, Jr. Second Lieutenant A, George Fuller. B, vacant. " C, vacant. " D, vacant. " E, James H. Aikman. F, E. A. Landers. " G, Henry A. Oakley. H, vacant. 2 6 ©ififorg of i^ ^wtni^' Recant QRegimenf The respective seniority of the officers was settled by drawing lots, the result being as follows: i, A; 2, D ; 3, C; 4, E; 5, H, and 6, G. Their commissions were delivered to them, and they were sworn in on October 31, 1861. Among the many changes effected by the War of the Rebellion, there is none greater than that which has taken place in the National Guard. Before that time, military organizations were more social than mili- tary. They were practically self-supporting. The State provided arms, belts and cartridge boxes, but, in the case of the Twenty-second, not even these. Everything else was paid for by the men, even including the rent of the armories, with the exception of a few organizations which had drill rooms over Tompkins, Centre and Essex Markets. What battalion drills there were, and these were but few, were held in the White Street Arsenal or in Tompkins Square, then an open plaza, or in the fields at East New York. The manual of arms of the different organizations was good, and street parades were well conducted, except that a delay of an hour or two in forming and marching was the rule rather than the exception; but here instruction, as a rule, stopped. Discipline, in any strict sense of the term, hardly existed. When men became dissatisfied, they resigned, as from any other club, and that ended it. Court martials were held, but fines could not be enforced. The strain of actual war changed all this, at least in the regiments. Men learned that an order was some- thing to be obeyed, and that street parades were only an infinitesimal part of the art of war. ^teforg of i^e ^iwenfgs^econb (Regimenf 27 But until Gen. Alex. Shaler was appointed to the command of the First Division in 1868, there was prac- tically no attention paid to the regulations in relation to official books or correspondence, and brigade and division headquarters, regarded from the present stand- point, were a farce. While the regiments imbibed proper military ideas from their service in the field, such ideas were slow to extend beyond them, and when Maj.-Gen. Sandford turned over the command of the First Division to Gen. Aspinwall, at the close of the war, after commanding it over twenty years, the writer was informed by Gen. Aspinwall that all the headquarter records he received from his predecessor "did not fill a hat!" '■■ * See also Chapter XIII., page 150 post CHAPTER III. THE FIRST CALL TO THE FIELD. " I ^HE spring of 1862 opened with bright prospects -^ for the Union Army, which did not long con tinue. McClellan, with the army of the Potomac, was advancing through the swamps of the Chickahominy towards Richmond, but with such deliberation that he was dubbed " the great Virginia Creeper." To protect Washington, Gen. N. P- Banks held the Shenandoah Valley. He was a greater orator and politician than a general, and but little confidence was felt that he would be able to withstand the attack that anyone with the slightest military knowledge could see was inevitable. In May, what everyone had foreseen came to pass Jackson, leaving Richmond, struck Banks, in the hope, by defeating him and threatening Washington, to force McClellan to withdraw from Richmond. The result was another of the many "retirements" up the valley towards Harper's Ferry, which subsequently became so frequent as to cause the Army of the Shenandoah to win the name of " Harper's Weekly." The coming storm was anticipated by the members of the Twenty-second long before it broke, and the expectation that they would be called upon for active service was in the minds 28 gtBfoife of fge tweni^i^uont) (TRegtmenf 29 of all. In order to be in readiness for service, the Twenty-second, on May 20, 1862, decided to have a ten days' encampment. This never took place. On Monday, May 26, 1862, the newspapers an- nounced in " display head-lines " : "RETREAT OF GEN. BANKS! SUDDEN APPEARANCE OF THE REBELS IN HEAVY FORCE. Our Troops Driven from Front Royal with Considerable Loss. RETIREMENT OF GENERAL BANKS TO WINCHESTER ON SATURDAY. FURTHER RETIREMENT TO MARTINSBURGH FROM WINCHESTER ON SUNDAY." "EXCITEMENT IN BALTIMORE. INSOLENCE OF THE SECESSIONISTS THERE. Then followed the statement that " despatches to the War Department stated that General Banks had been attacked at Winchester, and had fallen back to Martinsburgh and Harper's Ferry; that the enemy were reported to be in large force, and that many reports stated that the rebel force had left Richmond and moved North to take the offensive " ; that there was almost a riot in Baltimore, and then the fact that " Sec- retary Stanton had appealed to the loyal states for troops." Following this came the long-expected announce- ment : %\siot:^ of f0e ^Wenfgs^econb (Kegitnent "HIGHLY IMPORTANT MOVEMENT. NEW YORK STATE MILITIA ORDERED TO WASHINGTON, preceding a statement that the Governor had ordered the Fifth Artillery and the Seventh, Eighth, Eleventh, Thirty-seventh and Seventy-first N. G. of New York City, and the Twenty-fifth of Albany to leave for Washington, which was followed during the day by the publication from General Headquarters S. N. Y. of Special Orders 124 and 125 to the same effect. The omission of the Twenty-second from these orders spread consternation among its members. It is true that it had been organized to protect New York, but the fixed and clear idea of the officers and men was that the best place to protect it was from "the front." To them the idea of remaining at home while all the other city regiments took the field, was insupportable. The Board of Officers of the regiment met at noon on May 26, and telegraphed Gov. Edwin D. Mor- gan, tendering the services of the regiment, stating that it would become demoralized unless ordered off, and urging its acceptance in the strongest terms, and adjourned until 3 p. m. for his reply. When they re- assembled at this hour an answer by telegraph was re- ceived accepting the offer, accompanied by Special Order No. 130, which included the Twenty-second among those which were ordered to Washington. The intelligence was received with tumultuous cheers by the officers, which were echoed and re-echoed by the men, who had assembled in crowds to learn the result. These cheers were a signal of the end of the " Home Guard " j^tBforg of fge ^fljenfgs^econb QRegimenf 3 1 and the appearance of the Twenty-second Regiment. The following is the official order: State of New York, ] General Headquarters, >- Adjutant-General's Office, Albany, May 26, 1862. ) Special Order No. ijo. The Eighth, Eleventh, Twenty-second, Thirty-seventh and Seventy-first Regiments will at once proceed to Washington. The commandants of the several regiments will make requisi- tions upon the chiefs of the several departments of this State for such arms, ammunition, equipments and supplies as they may require for the use of their regiments. Upon application to Col. George Bliss, Jr., No. 51 Walker Street, they will receive orders for transportation. Upon their arrival in Washington the commandants of the several regiments will report to the Adjutant-General of the Army. By order of the Commander-in-Chief, Thomas Hillhouse, Adjutant- General. At this meeting the officers adopted the Army blue flannel fatigue coat as a field uniform. The Board of Officers of the Twenty-second met again the same evening, and elected A. Foster Higgins major (to fill the existing vacancy), and proceeded to make the necessary arrangements for a speedy depart- ure. At each of the company armories issues were made on each man of a blue blouse (the regiment hav- ing no fatigue uniform, although it had been the sub- ject of many discussions, and a gray jacket had been adopted), knapsack, blanket, haversack and canteen. Everything else the men provided at their own expense. The next morning Col. Monroe issued the following formal order: 32 W)iBiot^ of f^e ^wenfgs^econb (Re0imenf Headquarters Twenty-second Regiment, j National Guard, S. N.Y., y New York, May 27, 1862. J General Orders No. g. In obedience to Special Orders No. 130, from General Head- quarters, the regiment will assemble at regimental headquarters, corner of Hall Place and Seventh Street, at 8 o'clock p.m., this 27th inst., fully armed and equipped for service. Each man will provide himself with one day's rations, and will carry with him an additional pair of pants and shoes, two pair of socks (woolen preferable), and suitable undercloth- ing, a knife, fork and spoon. Equipments will be distributed at headquarters at 1 2 m. Officers will be allowed a small trunk, which must be marked with the name of the owner and com- pany. A servant is allowed to each company. The regimental line will be formed on Union Square at 6:15 o'clock P.M. The band and drummers will report to the adju- tant at regimental headquarters at 6 o'clock precisely. The non-commissioned staff will report at headquarters at 8 o'clock A.M. The resignation of Sergt.-Maj. T. G. Pratt, on furlough in Europe, is hereby accepted, to date from the i6th of May, inst. First Sergt. Charles A. Post is appointed sergeant-major, vice Pratt, resigned, to rank from the same date. By order of Col. James Monroe, J. Henderson Grant, Adjuia7it. The regiment assembled according to this order, and was inspected, but its departure was necessarily postponed until transportation could be provided, and the men returned to their homes. All the day of May 28, 1862, the men crowded their different company armories, eagerly waiting for orders, and torn with ^isioti^ of i^t 'twtni^'^econi) (Regtmenf 33 anxiety lest they might be retained to protect the city. During the afternoon their anxiety was set at rest by the announcement of the following : Headquarters Twenty-second Regiment, ■) New York, Wednesday, May 28, 1862. ) General Order No. jo. In obedience to Special Order No. 130, from General Head- qtiarters, the regiment will assemble at regimental headquarters at 7 o'clock this evening, to proceed to Washington, in uniform, with overcoats (worn), knapsacks, haversacks, and canteens. Each man will provide himself with one day's rations and water in his canteen. Blankets and ordnance stores will be de- livered on board the boat. Officers' baggage must be delivered at headquarters at 5 p. m. The line will be formed at Lafayette Place at 7:15 o'clock. The band, drummers, non-commissioned staff, colors and color- guard will report to the adjutant at headquarters at 7 o'clock. All surplus company arms and accoutrements will be sent immediately to regimental headquarters, to be placed in stores Fii'st sergeants will be prepared to report the number of recruits and members of the company separately. Capt. Butler will detail a guard of a corporal and three privates to report to the quartermaster at 5 o'clock precisely. By order of CoL. James Monroe, J. Henderson Grant, Adjutant. CHAPTER IV. THE DEPARTURE FOR BALTIMORE. "TN compliance with this order the companies of the Twenty- second assembled at the armory, corner of Hall Place and Seventh Street, at the hour named, and marched to Lafayette Place where the regiment was formed, 550 strong. Some of the leave-takings at the armory and Lafay- ette Place were very affecting. Women were crying and men shook hands with a startling vehemence. The officers and men were in excellent spirits, and did their best to keep up those of their friends. Some of the men who had recently joined had not time to obtain uniforms, but marched in citizen's clothes, with knap- sacks on their backs. Owing to unavoidable delays, the line was not formed until 8:30 p. m., and the time was spent in bid- ding friends " good bye," arranging for the formation of squads as tent mates, joking, singing patriotic songs and cheering. None of those who were then present will ever for- get that occasion. As the hour of departure arrived, the regiment formed in column of companies, at half 34 . ^isiox^ of fge ^wenfgf^econb (Regimenf 35 distance, surrounded by a throng of wildly excited and enthusiastic friends and relatives assembled to bid them farewell, who jammed the sidewalks and streets and even crowded between the companies. About 9 o'clock the band, after playing a few airs, finally struck up "John Brown's Body," the regiment and the crowd around them took it up in a vast swell of sound that pealed like a great organ, and as the song ended, all burst into a deafening uproar of cheers, in the midst of which the column started. Broadway, from Fourth Street to the Battery, was lined with a solid mass of people, who packed the sidewalks and encroached upon the street so that it was with difficulty that the troops could make their way, and the passage of the regiment was accompanied by a steady roar of cheers, which drowned all orders. The excitement may be judged from the fact that, as the regiment was squeezing its way through the throng, an old man seized the hand of one of the men and kissed it, to the intense astonish- ment of its owner. Throughout the entire length of Broadway colored fires were burned, as the regiment approached, and in passing the Astor House the sky was illuminated with a discharge of fireworks. Arriv- ing at Pier 2, East River, the regiment embarked on board the boat at up. m., and after a long delay at Camden, was finally placed in cattle cars, on the hard floors of which the men packed themselves as closely as possible. Some at once fell asleep, so worn out with fatigue and excitement that they were unconscious of anything until they reached Philadelphia. But the ma- jority, full of the irrepressible spirits of youth, sang songs, and otherwise " carried on " nearly all night. When it was known that the Twenty-second was ordered to the front, numbers of recruits flocked to join it. Among these was Hamlin Babcock (afterwards lieutenant-colonel of N. Y. Volunteers), then an aldei'- man, who applied to Col. Monroe to be enlisted as a private. He was told that he was too influential a man to accept that position and that he could do more good to his country by assisting in organizing a company of which tTie regiment was in need. He hesitated, as he had no previous military experience, but finally con- sented to accept a firbt lieutenancy in Company I. The captaincy of the new company was given to Asa Bird Gardner, since Assistant Judge Advocate General U. S. A., then a lieutenant in a volunteer regiment, and Charles S. Smith was appointed second lieutenant. By their exertions a full company was organized that same day. It was impossible, however, to procure the uni- forms and arras for the new corapany, and they were therefore unable to accompany the regiment. The equipments were, however, obtained the next day, distributed and the company organized. It fol- lowed the regiment at once and joined it at Baltimore. The rifles issued to it were different from those used by the rest of the regiment, having shank bayonets instead of sword bayonets. The latter were not procured until the following year. The following is a roster of the officers of the Twenty-second in this campaign : FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. Colonel, James Monroe. Lieutenant Colonel, Lloyd Aspinwall. ^ieior^ of t^t ^tjjenfgj^econb (Regtmenf :;j Adjutant, J. Henderson Grant (elected major in the field, July, 1862). Adjutant, W. J. A. McGrath {appomted in place of Maj. Grant). Commissary, Geo. McClure. Quartermaster, Chas. T. White. Paymaster, Henry A. Oakley (appointed in the field from Co. G). Surgeon, Benjamin Lee. Assistant Surgeon, Albert H. Gallatin. Chaplain, Rev. John Cotton Smith (only present occasionally) and Erskine White, Acting Chaplain. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Sergeant-Major, Osborne E. Bright (appointed in the field). Quartermaster Sergeant, Jotham W. Post. Sergt. Standard Bearers, William Lamonby and Geo. V. W. House. Commissary Sergeant, John C. Thompson. Right General Guide, Albert Wyckoff. Left General Guide, May Goldschmidt. LINE OFFICERS. Co. A, Capt. James Otis. B, Capt. David S. Brown. C, George B. Post. D, J. Farley Cox (elected in the field) E, John N. Wilsey. F, Capt. Albert N. Francis. G, Capt. Benjamin F. Butler. H, Capt. R. Suydam Grant. I, Capt. Asa Bird Gardner. A, First Lieutenant George Fuller (promoted in the field). 3 8 %xeiot^ of i^c $t»enfgjScconb (Kegimenf Co. B, First Lieutenant Aaron C. Allan {^promoted in the field). Co. C, First Lieutenant H. Cruger Oakley. Co. D, First Lieutenant Joseph F. Baldwin {elected in the field). Co. E, First Lieutenant George W. Finch. F, " " George H. Bellows. G, " " George De F. Lord. H, " " Walter Edwards. I, " " Hamlin Babcock. A, Second Lieutenant David B. Gilbert {pro- moted in the field). Co. B, Second Lieutenant W. W. Remmey {pro- moted in the field). Co. C, Second Lieutenant Charles A. Post {elected in the field, vice W. J. A. McGrath, appointed adjutant). Co. D, Second Lieutenant Thomas L. Thornell {promoted in the field). Co. E, Second Lieutenant James F. Aikman. Co. F, Second Lieutenant Edward A. Landers. Co. G, Second Lieutenant W. A. Gibson {promoted in the field). Co. H, Second Lieutenant William Man {protnoted in the field). Neither Capt. Higgins nor First Lieut. Vose of D Company were able to accompany the regiment, and First Lieut. Jas. F. Cox (A Company) was detailed to its command. He was subsequently elected its captain while in the field, and vacancies in other companies were also filled. This raised an interesting point of military law as to whether the failure of a commissioned officer to accompany his regiment to the front vacated ^iefoirg of i^ '^iatnivi^conb (^vestmenf 39 his commission. The State authorities decided that it did, and issued commissions to the officers so elected. After the return of the regiment, there was some de- murring on the part of a few to this, but the action was sustained. In the case of one officer of the Twenty- second who insisted upon remaining, the Board of Officers passed a resolution requesting his resignation. The following National Guard regiments were sent from New York in response to this call: Legts. Colonels. Date of Di iPARTl KK. Strength. 7 Marshall Lefferts. May 26 700 8 Joshua G. Varian. a 29 820 1 1 Joachim Maidhof. t i 28 630 12 Wm. G. Ward. June 6 80s 13 Robt. B. Clark. • May 3° 76. 19 Wm. R. Brown. June 4 600 22 James Monroe. May 28 62s 25 Michael Bryan. June 4 55° 37 Charles Roome. May 29 600 47 J. V. Meserole. (< 3° C66 69 James Bagley. " 28 ICCO 71 Henry P. Martin. ( i 28 80 Total, 8,588 Other organizations tendered their services, but the Secretary of War decided not to call for them, and they were relieved from duty. The Twenty-second arrived at Philadelphia early in the morning and marched directly to the famous "Cooper Shop." This was a large frame building near the depot, which was used as a "rest house" for troops going to the front. When a regiment arrived, the bell on the shop was rung, and from far and near women and 40 %iB(ot2 of i^ ^wenfgs^econb QRegtment men came with pails of coffee, loaves of bread, etc., and aided in feeding the soldiers. When it is consid- ered how many troops passed through the city and how heavy this tax upon their patriotism must have been, too much praise cannot be given to the loyal Philadelphians. The following was the strength of the Twenty- second in this campaign:* OFFICERS. NON-COM. OFFICERS. PRIVATES. TOTAL Field and Staff, 9 9 Non-Com. Staff, 9 9 Co. A, 3 lO 54 67 " B, 3 9 42 54 " c, 3 8 46 57 " D, 3 lO S3 66 " E, 3 9 48 60 " F, 3 8 48 59 " G, 3 9 66 78 " H, 3 7 49 59 " I, 3 8 56 67 Band, 22 Aggregate, 22 607 * The names of the officers and members who served in the regiment in this campaign are printed in the Appendix at page 625 post. ** CHAPTER V. SERVICE AT BALTIMORE. A RRIVING at Baltimore, a change of orders was "^^- made. Maryland, as a border State, was more than half inclined towards the Rebel cause', and a large element of the population of Baltimore was in active sympathy with the Confederacy. It was considered necessary to hold the city with a strong force, to keep them under control. So much apprehension was felt that half of each company of the Twenty-second was ordered to load their rifles before marching through the streets. The march, however, was uneventful. A few ladies came to the doors of their houses and waved their handkerchiefs and the American flag. More frowned and looked black. The mass of the people apparently regarded the regiment with apathy. The Seventh was sent into camp at Druid Hill, and the Eighth, Eleventh, Thirteenth and Thirty-seventh to camps located at other portions of the city. In ad- dition, there were several regiments of volunteers in the city, who had been stationed at Fort Federal Hill and other points for some considerable time. The lat- ter were so thoroughly drilled that they cast the best of the New York National Guard regiments completely 41 4 2 %iBiot^ of f^e ^wenfgj^econb (TReg;tmenf into the shade, and gave them all a much higher stand- ard of drill and disciphne than they had ever before possessed, which did them good. On arriving at Baltimore, the Twenty-second marched to Patterson Park. Maj.-Gen. Dix, the Department Commander, rode over to inspect them, and they at once pitched their tents in front of the earthworks thrown up to defend the city in 1812. The camp was named "Camp Monroe," in honor of its colonel, and here, for the first time, the regiment was brought down to army rules by the following orders: N. G. S. N. Y., 1 Camp Monroe, Baltimore, May 31, 1862. f General- Orders No. g. I. The following will be the stated routine of duties for the day until further orders : Reveille at 5 o'clock a. m. Breakfast call at 5|- o'clock. Sick call at ']\ o'clock. Guard mounting at 8^ o'clock a. m. Dinner call at 12 m. Retreat at sunset. Tattoo at 9 o'clock p. m. Lights will be extinguished at taps, which will sound fifteen minutes after tattoo. There will be a dress parade of the battalion at retreat each evening, unless it is specially ordered otherwise. II. Company morning reports will be handed in at the adju- tant's office before 8 o'clock. These reports must be kept in book form, and are to be called for by the first sergeants after being consolidated by the sergeant-major. Guard reports are to be left at the adjutant's office im mediately after the guard is mounted. The surgeon's report will be handed in before 8 o'clock. ^iBiot^ of i^t ^ttjenfgsSeconb QRegtmenf 43 Permits to leave the camp must be signed by the com.- manders of companies, and sent to the commanding officer for approval before the hour of guard mounting. The name of the applicant, and length of time applied for, and statement of the first sergeant of the company that he is not required for duty, must appear on the application. ,The companies will police thoroughly their company streets and tents after reveille, at the same time the police party, under the supervision of the officer of the day, will police the general encampment in front, rear and on both flanks. The guard on the prisoners will police the guard-tent at the same hour. Drill calls will be sounded at 9^ a. m. and 3^ p. m. Recalls at 1 1 A. M. and at 5 p. m. The officer of the day, during the hour of drill (or a portion of that time), will explain to the guard their duties as such. All firing in or about the encampment is positively pro- hibited except with the previous knowledge and consent of the officer of the day. Guards will be marched to and from their posts, and all re- liefs, patrols and rounds, in ^uick time, and, when the files are less than eight, in two ranks doubled by the flank. Officers are at liberty to go anywhere within a mile of the centre of the camp ; the rest of the command (servants are not here referred to) will apply for the permission of an officer be- fore passing beyond the lines of the roads, in rear and in the flanks and the raised causeway lying directly along the front of the camp ; one officer from each company must superintend the roll-calls at reveille, retreat and tattoo. First sergeants will report to the captain absentees from breakfast and dinner roll- call. The company details for guard must be inspected by an officer on the first call for guard mounting. Retreat roll-call will be under arms whether the battalion parades or not. There will be a regular inspection by company in the company parade ground each Sunday morning at 9 o'clock. By order of Col. James Monroe, J. Henderson Grant, Adju'.ant. ^.^ ^tfiforg of t^t ^ttenfgs^econl) (Regtmenf N. G. S. N. Y., , Camp Monroe, June 7, 1862. f General Orders No. 10. One of the company officers will inspect the company mess- ing every dav before 1 2 o'clock. The officer of the day will re- port the state of the police of the camp and missing on his guard report. Immediately after reveille the whole of each company, under its officers, are to sweep out the space occupied by it, from the rear of the company officers' tents to a line twenty paces beyond the regimental parade. The guard of the previous day, under the officer of the guard of that day, will report at guard mounting every morning to the new officer of the day a party for general police. They are to complete the space of the encampment that is left by the com- pany policing — that is, the rear and both flanks. If any company space is found by the officer of the day to be out of police, he will require the neglect to be remedied at once and will state the fact on his gTiard report. By order of CoL. James Monroe, J. Henderson Grant, Adjutant. Under systematic daily instruction and the emula- tion excited by the example of the other regiments, the Twenty-second here began its transformation into a well-drilled and disciplined regiment, which is a very different thing from a voluntary organization of young men having a smattering of military knowledge. On the first day of the camp some men endeavored to pass the guard, and when stopped, one seized the sentry's rifle and knocked him down with it. The whole guard turned out, but for some unknown reason, prob- ably because of the inexperience of the non-commis- l^tBforg of i^ ^<»enenfg«^econb (Kegtmstif 53 who, although not possessing their physique, had been accustomed to a more irregular life. Many great-framed countrymen, who had weighed over 200 pounds when they left their homes, were reduced to the weight of a boy, and were so emaciated that they had to be carried from the steamers in blankets. The sights at the hos- pitals were frequently more disagreeable than at the boats. The men of the Twenty-second had not become accustomed to death. They also regarded a soldier who had laid down his life for his country as particularly en- titled to respect. It was the custom, in case of each death of a soldier at a hospital, to have a brief service read over the body before the burial escort took it to the cemetery. The amount paid to the officiating clergyman was probably small. But this could consti- tute no excuse for the manner in which some of them performed this duty, rushing in at the last minute, and rattling through the service without the least attempt at solemnity or apparent interest, to the supreme and intense disgust of the funeral party, at least of such as were detailed from the Twenty-second. These, on the other hand, sought to make up for this unclerical con- duct by the most scrupulous adherence to all the mili- tary formalities of the funeral ceremonies; and, as was a common saying, " as far as we were concerned, we planted the poor devil in style." CHAPTER VI. ORDERED TO HARPER S FERRY. A T this time tilings again went wrong in tiie Shenan- ^^^^ doaii Valley and reinforcements were demanded to defend Harper's Ferry, an important post situated at the junction of the Shenandoah and Potomac. Maj.- Gen. Wool, who had succeeded Gen. Dix as department commander, having been called upon for troops, in- quired of Col. Monroe, late in the evening of June 19, how soon the Twenty-second would be ready to move if ordered. He repHed, " At once," and at midnight he received orders for the regiment to leave the next morn- ing at 9:30. Awaicing at 4 a. m., on June 20, the Twenty- second packed its knapsacks, boxed its cooking outfit and " struck its tents." It did this with mingled joy and sorrow. Joy, at the compUment of being selected lor service at the front, and sorrow to think of the well- stocked cellars in its tents, the contents of which it was compelled to leave behind. Its sorrow in this re- spect was, however, more than made up by the delight manifested by its numerous negro camp followers, who at once swooped down upon the camp and promptly appropriated the hitherto to them unknown luxuries which were abandoned by their owners. Sardines, 54 j^iBforg of f3e ^toenfgj^econb (Kegtmenf 55 cheese, pickles and whiskey vanished under their eyes — but the recollection is too painful to be dwelt upon. The worst of it was that the regiment knew perfectly well that it was going to a place where what it then left behind could not be replaced. The orders were to take the train at 10 a. m. So well had the Twenty-second been brought under discipline that it had packed every- thing, cooked its rations and started so promptly that the rear of the column entered the depot at two min- utes of ten o'clock. The journey from Baltimore to Harper's Ferry was extremely disagreeable. The men were transported in ordinary passenger cars, which they legarded at first as a decided improvement over the cattle cars in which they had gone from New York to Baltimore. Expe- rience, however, soon convinced them of their error. Two men in heavy marching order, with knapsacks, haversacks, with two days' rations, canteens, rifles and sword-bayonets leave but little space in a seat of the ordinary passenger coach, and its occupants, after thus sitting a few hours, became cramped. This they must endure as best they can, for there is no opportunity for relief, but it becomes extremely fatiguing. As for sleep, it is almost out of the question. The road on which the regiment moved was infested with guerrillas, and the train liable to attack at any mo- ment. It therefore crawled along very slowly, the men frequently jumping off the train while it was in motion, picking the berries and wild flowers which grew along the road, and jumping on again. At Sandy Hook, a small station on the road, the train halted for the night — as it was not considered safe for it to proceed except by day- 56 ^teforg of i^ $ft)enfg«^econb QRegtmenf ^*^y . light— and was guarded by a strong detachment, while the men inside inefifectually sought to secure positions in which they could get some sleep, unaccompanied by cramps. Though the distance from Baltimore to Harper's Fer- ry is not great, twenty-four hours were passed in cov- ering it, dur- ing which the discomforts of the men were intense. After this no complaints were ever made by them against traveling in cattle or baggage cars All along the route burnt bridges, ruined houses and cars thrown off the track and half submerged in the river, indicated the recent presence of the enemy. The regiment arrived at Harper's Ferry at 7 p. m. and found it a most picturesque place. It is a little village situated in the sloping triangle formed by the junction of the Shenandoah and the Potomac. Both these rivers having a considerable fall at this point, they have been dammed and furnish a fine water-power which was used by the Government gun factory. This had been burned at the outbreak of the war to prevent the gun-making machines from being sent to Richmond. This was not done too soon, for some of the boxes v^^ere still there with the address of " Richmond " on them when the Twenty-second arrived. Many muskets had also been destroyed and thrown into the Shenandoah River at the time the arsenal was burned, so that oc- j^tBforg of f^ ^toenigs^econb (TResimenf 57 ^ri- ■- casionally the members of the regiment, while bathing, would bring up muskets with their barrels bent and broken, from the bottom of the river. Here was the cele- brated engine-house where John Brown made his famous stand for life and libert}". A very poor selection he made of it, too, as it was and entirely indefensible. =7i«:ri— '^is^f^ 'i-r hemmed in on all sides The bridge leading into Plarper's Ferry had been destroyed by the Confederates just before they vacated the place, and a temporary one had been subsequently constructed by the Union men, over which the train went very slowly, for it was quite rickety, and entered upon the "sacred soil " of Virginia. Extending from the town up the valley was a steep hill, the top forming a plateau, known as Bolivar Heights. This had an old line of rifle-pits across it, and extended with a long slope down the valley— ground which was to become familiar to the regiment in many a march and skirmish drill. Beyond this lay the broad sweep of the Shenandoah valley, a beautiful farming country-, but abandoned ; the people gone, the houses empty, and the great fields covered with wheat un- gathered and rotting on the stalk. The possession of these crops was the cause of many of the raids up the valley, which were made by the Confederates, and finally led to their destruction by Gen. Sheridan later in the war. All the horses and cattle were also gone, either driven South or taken by one army or the other. On the Virginia side, the high range known as Lou- den Heights extended along the Shenandoah, and on the Maryland side, the mountain known as Maryland Heights, some 1500 feet high, and somewhat resem- bling the Dunderberg at Peekskill, overtopped all the surrounding hills. Upon its side, seven hundred feet above the river, was a battery of heavy navy guns placed upon a broad platform like a ship-deck. This was the key of the position. Arriving at Harper's Ferry, where it became a part of the Eighth Corps, Middle Department, Maj.-Gen. John E. Wool commanding, the regiment marched through the war-worn and dilapidated town, thence up a steep and winding road, passed the scattered and dp- serted houses on the outskirts, and beyond the earth works on Bolivar Heights, from which Ashby had retreated a short time before. On its way it passed a number of splashed and hard-looking cavalry returning from scouting parties down the valley, their air and appearance showing that they were engaged in actual war. Finally, the regiment reached a plateau three miles beyond the Heights, near the ground occupied by the Twelfth N. Y. N. G. the previous year, where it encamped. All around the ground was marked with old rifle-pits and the marks of previous camps. So numerous were the latter that, a squad sent out to replace some missing tent-pegs picked up twenty-five in less than fifteen min- utes. The troops were young, green and nervous. The natural result was that during the first night the guard around the camp kept themselves busy halting imaginary objects and calling for the corporal of the guard, as if the WiiBioti^ of f6s 4t»enfg«^econb QRegimenf 1^9 enemy was actually attacking the camp. The follow- ing order was issued prescribing the camp routine : Camp Aspinwali., Near Harper's Ferry, June 22, i86a. General Orders No 16. I. The following order of daily duties will be observed until further orders : Reveille, at 5 'clock A. M. Breakfast call, 5f " A. M. Sick call, 7 " A. M. Guard mounting, 94 " A. M. Dinner call. 12 " Noon. Retreat at sunset. Tattoo, 9* " p. m. Lights to be extinguished at taps, fifteen minutes after tattoo. There will be a dress parade every evening at retreat unless otherwise ordered. Drill calls will be sounded at 7^ a. m. and 5 p. m. Recalls at 9 a. m. and b\ p. m. II. Company morning reports will be handed in at the ad- jutant's office before ']\ o'clock. The surgeon's report will be handed in before 8 o'clock. Passes to leave camp must be signed by captains of com- panies, bear the first sergeant's signature that the bearer is not required for duty, and be recountersigned at headquarters. The companies will police thoroughly their company streets and tents after reveille, at the same time the police part)', under the supervision of the officer of the da)', will police the general encampment in front, rear and on both the flanks. The guard or the prisoners will police the guard-tent at the same hour. III. All firing is positively prohibited, except with consent of the officer of the day. 6o ©tsforg of f^e ^ojenigs^econb Qftegimenf Officers passing- beyond the jurisdiction of the camp (one mile from centre thereof) will make known their intentions at headquarters. IV. A commissioned officer from each company will superin- tend the roll-calls at reveille, retreat and tattoo. First sergeants will report to their captains after breakfast and dinner roll- calls. Captains will report to the officers of the day absentees from roll-call at reveille and tattoo. A careful inspection of arms will be made at retreat roll-call. There will be a regular inspec- tion by company on the company parade-ground each Sunday at 9 A. M. , unless otherwise ordered. V. Proper sinks having been provided, they alone must be used for the purpose for which they are constructed. VI. All venders, of whatsoever articles, are strictly pro- hibited within the limits of the camp. VII. Private Davidson is transferred from Company C to Company I. Privates William Adams, John T. Campion, Charles E. De- Lancy, Samuel McCallum, Wm. H. Rossell, James W. Searls, William Schofield and John Winterbottom are transferred from Company H to Company I, as of June 18. VIII. All persons having passes must go and return by the guard tent. IX. No intoxicating liquors will be admitted within the lines except by permission from the officer of the day. X. Corporals Tappin of Company A, White E, Young Perkins G, G, Pigeon B, Howell F, Geer D, are detailed as col guard with rank of first corporal from this date. By order of LlEUT.-COL. ASPINWALL, J. H. Grant, Adjutant. l^tBforg of f^ €<»enfgs^econb (Regiment 6i At 3. A. M. on the second morning after their arrival, the members of the regiment were startled from slum- ber in the gray of the morning by " the long roll." They sprang to arms in great excitement, the companies were hastily assembled and the regimental line formed. It was not light enough to see but a short distance, so patrols were sent out in different directions to ascertain what was the cause of the alarm, while the air was full of rumors. After some time it was found that Col. Mulligan, commanding an Ohio regiment, had received orders to march early that morning, and had taken the opportunity to turn his men out by beating "the long roll." As the men of the Twenty-second were up and the regiment formed. Col. Aspinwall, who was in temporary command, Col. Monroe being detained in Baltimore by sickness, thought he would take advantage of the oc- casion by giving the command a little instruction, and proceeded to have a smart battalion-drill of an hour and a half. The men had had nothing to eat, they had dressed in such haste that their clothing was not com- fortably adjusted (shoes upon the wrong feet, etc.), the morning was stifling hot and they soon became tired, faint and cross, so that the effect of this drill was to create in the regiment a feeling against Col. Aspinwall that it took months to dissipate. The alarm directed Col. Miles's attention to the ex- posed position of the regiment and the next day, June 23, they were ordered to take a position nearer the other troops. They accordingly broke camp in a heavy fain and moved up to the top of the hill near the town. As their tents were not moved with them, the men were quartered for a day in empty houses. Of these there 62 W)iBiot^ of f^e ^wmfgs^econb (Hte^rmni were plenty — so many, in fact, that two were torn down and ten gutted for wood for the regimental camp-fires of the Twenty-second during their stay. The doors of many were carried to camp and used to sleep on. The regiment then pitched a new camp, known as "Camp Aspinwall," on the slope of the hill known as " Camp Hill," inside of Bolivar Heights, upon which heights they remained during the rest of their enlistment. ^u^ f- Many of the sick and wounded from Bank's division were still in the hospitals in the town. Many other wounded and sick were constantly being brought in from Winchester, Front Royal and other points, and their wan faces and haggard appearance were a touch- ing sight to new troops. Harper's Ferry, as well as the surrounding country, was kept under strict martial law during the stay of the Twenty-second. No one was permitted to be out after dark, and no soldier at any time, without a pass, which had to be shown to all guards and pickets. All lights were required to be extinguished at 9 p. m., and special passes were required from all desiring to pass the pickets. These were stationed upon every road about three miles out. The cavalry pickets extended two miles further, and cavalry patrols were constantly scouting up and down the roads and through the country. The roads were often filled with columns of cavalry, long trains of army wagons, with the guards protecting them, and great droves of cattle all going to Winchester. Then again they would be deserted except for the pick- ets marching in and out, and the ever-present squads of cavalry. White civilian travel was conspicuous by its absence. It was always stopped and required to give a satisfactory account of itself and show its pass. Yet it was a decided relief to the members of the Twenty- second to feel that they were in a place where the foe was an open one, and to be free from the constant suspicion of secret treachery, which was ever present at Baltimore. On June 25, in pursuance of orders from the War Department, all officers and men on furlough were ordered to report for duty immediately or be considered as deserters. A further general order was issued by the War Department, dated June 12, 1862, forbidding the issue of furloughs by captains or colonels upon any pre- text whatever. CHAPTER VII. HARPER S FERRY. ' I "HE regiment now settled down to steady, system- -^ atic work under army regulations which soon added whatever it might have lacked to convert it into a well-disciplined organization. It was brigaded with the Twelfth N. G. (800 strong), Eighty-seventh Ohio (1200) and two troops of the Second Maryland Cavalry (150). Besides these there were in the fortifications two companies of the Jackson Light Artillery, and two companies of the Fifth New York Heavy Artillery and some infantry were on Maryland Heights. The Twenty-second was drilled daily for about six hours. Company drill in the morning and in the afternoon battalion drill on three days in the week, and brigade drill on the other three. The company and battalion drills were sometimes in the field in rear of the camp, but more often beyond Bolivar Heights, where there was plenty of room, but where the rough and broken ground made it hard work. Here, also, the brigade drills were had. Under this steady, sys- tematic instruction of every man, the Twenty-second attained a proficiency in drill which the regiment has probably never since equalled. Its manual of arms was perfection and there was no movement in the tactics 64 6s J^taforg of f^ ^fjjenfgs^econb (Re0tmenf 67 which it could not perform like a machine. The march to and from the drill-ground was long and dusty, and what " dusty " means can only be appreciated by those who have served a summer's campaign in Virginia. The dust lay three inches deep in the roads, and when the regiment marched out it was often impossible to see the length of a company or to tell whether the column consisted of six hundred men or six hundred cattle. To those in the ranks, the dust was almost stifling. The companies often "opened out" the fours so as to create as little dust as possible, but this afforded only trifling relief. The brigade made a tremendous line, and every change of front involved a march of more than a quarter of a mile for the organizations that were upon the flanks. Three or four hours of brigade drill, under a broiling sun, marching over hollows and humps, guUeys and old rifle-pits, often at " double quick," taxed the energies of the men to the utmost, and it was common at first for many to drop from exhaustion. In time, however, they became tough as veterans. In these drills the men were supphed with blank cartridges and drilled in firing with them. While this was going on, the cavalry would ride up and down the line to accustom the horses to the smoke and noise. To vary the monotony of the drill, many of the Twenty- second, after pouring the powder from the cartridges into the rifles, adopted the practice of twisting the paper into a hard wad and of ramming it well on top of the powder. By giving the gun a high elevation, this wad could be shot far enough to reach the passing cavalry. When it struck a horse the result was usually indicated by his standing on his hind legs. The cavalry men, who 68 J^tBforg of i^t ^wenfgs^sconb (Restmenf appeared to be deficient in humor, did not appreciate this little joke, and its continuance caused considerable feeling between them and the infantry. The result of this was that, one day as the cavalry was galloping down the line from the right, and the front of the brigade was enveloped in smoke, the order was given to the former, " Right wheel. Charge." They pretended to misunderstand it for a " left wheel," and charged di- rectly into the brigade line, striking the centre of the Twenty-second. The charge was made so quickly, and the smoke was so dense, that the first thing the infantry knew, the cavalry was right upon them. The troopers struck at the infantry men with the flat of their sabres, and tried to force their horses through their line, while the infantry clubbed their muskets and struck the horses over their noses, and some began to fix bayonets. Mat- ters began to look very ugly and there was every indi- cation of a fracas, when Col. Miles, the brigade com- mander, and Col. Aspinwall, came gallopmg down the line and stopped it, with the use of considerable lan- guage. This little episode led to the disuse of wad- firing. Col. Monroe was not an advocate of firing with blank cartridges, beheving that it led to random firing. He practiced the companies quite frequently in target shooting, although the method pursued and the results obtained would be laughed at at the present day. The ' old guard" every day discharged their loaded rifles at rocks in the Shenandoah (a distance estimated at about 400 yards), and after July 23, firing was had, on alter- nate days, at 200 yards at a target placed upon a board fence, each man having three shots. All the firing was 69 j*T ^isiot^ of i^ ^wenfgsSeconb (Kegtmenf yi "off hand," and there was no instruction, for in those days no one knew how to instruct. Aiming or posi- tion drill was unheard of. The men learned how to load and fire their rifles and that was all. In addition to the beautiful scenery which surrounds Harper's Ferry, it possesses considerable facilities as a watering-place. The Shenandoah and Potomac are dammed a mile or two above the town, and the water from the former is conducted into a large canal along- side of the river, which forms a most admirable bathing- place. The weather was intensely hot during the sum- mer (often over ioo° in the tents). The bathing was a great luxury, and was indulged in to such an extent that before July was over almost every man in the Twenty- second was an expert swimmer. This canal presented a singular sight upon every fine day after the morning drill, filled as it then was by from ore to two thousand naked men, laughing, shouting and swimming races, until the water presented the same confusion that appears upon the ice in Central Park when the skating is at its height. Some kind of fun and practical joking was always going on among the soldiers, for it must be remembered that all the regi- ments were mostly composed of young men of from eighteen to twenty-two (whom they would now look upon as boys), boiling over with fun and animal spirits, and ready to take a hand in anything that might hap- pen, without regard to the consequences. Yet they rarely passed beyond the proper bounds. A striking example of this was afforded upon one occasion when a young woman, nicely dressed, passed along the tow- path between the canal and the river, while the men 72 f)ieiot<^ of i^ ^tt>enfg«^econb QRegtmenf were bathing. It was a great ordeal for her, but there was no other way and no escape, and to turn back was as bad as to keep on. So she held herself erect, averted her head, and walked along half a mile of naked soldiers, alone. But no man insulted her, or, in fact, said any- thing to her, and it would have gone hard with anyone if he had attempted to do so. Anyone who has seen European armies, and knows what the men belonging to them would have done under such circumstances, can appreciate this conduct. Among the many queer experiences of this period is one that happened to the writer. One day there was a diving race, and at the word he and several others dived and swam under water, to see which could get the furthest. Just as the writer's breath was about ex- hausted, he perceived another man, also swimming under water, coming towards him. Both rose to the surface to avoid a collision. Greatly to the writer's surprise, the man was an old schoolmate whom he had not seen for ten years. The recognition was mutual, and they shook hands, as well as can be done by men who have at the same time to swim with the other. " Why, Lewis," said the writer, "what are you doing here?" " I am in camp with the ," was the answer. But just then they were swept apart by a tumultuous rush of swimmers, and the rest of the answer was not heard. Moreover, as one naked man looks very much like another, they could not find each other again, and although the writer often looked and inquired for his friend, he has never seen him from that day to this. Moreover, as this was thirty-three years ago, he has given up the idea of ever doing so. It was, however, ^iaiot^ of t^e ^i»enfg«^econb (Reoitmenf 73 quite an unusual experience to meet an old schoolmate four feet under water. Some distance up the valley the Shenandoah runs through a narrow space with great rapidity. This was a favorite place for the swimmers of the pickets and those who could get passes. These, when not on duty, spent the hot afternoons bathmg, going down with the current through the rapids and then running back through the fields to the starting-point, the sensation in going down the swift current being not unlike sliding down a toboggan. The hot weather, hard work, and particularly the change of water, had, at first, a prejudicial effect upon the health of the regiment. The spring water was so impregnated with lime that it looked like milk, and acted like a cathartic. Diarrhoea became so universal that at one time, in the first week of July, all drills had to be stopped for a week, and there were not enough men fit for duty in the regiment to supply the camp guard. Many became seriously sick, and had to be sent home. Several orders were issued upon the subject. The men were restricted to one cup of coffee at a meal. In- dulgence in fruits was strictly prohibited. An ounce of whiskey was issued daily to each man, which was put in the water in his canteen, and he was prohibited from using any other water. Vendors having passes were allowed to enter camp to sell fresh milk, butter, eggs and vegetables. Officers were required to inspect the com- pany messing, to take great care to see that the food was properly prepared, and to furnish each man a small cup of coffee immediately after reveille. The men were y^ ^iefot^ of f^e ^wenfgs^econa QReatmmf only allowed to bathe twice a week, and to stay in the water for not more than fifteen minutes at a time. These regulations were enforced, and after a time the men became accustomed to the water and mode of living, and hardened by the incessant drills, so that they, thereafter, experienced no serious trouble. July 4, 1863, was celebrated by the Twenty-second in the old-fashioned manner. There were speeches by the officers, the raising of a flag-pole in camp, and a series of athletic games — running, jumping and a glove fight. Col. Aspinwall being the best jumper, and the writer being declared to be the winner of the glove fight, and entitled to some certificate, which he never received. That night the batteries on Maryland Heights opened upon some scouting parties of the Confed- erates on Loudon Heights, across the Shenandoah. These reciprocated on July 6, by firing on the regi- mental pickets. On July 17, the seriousness of the sit- uation induced Col. Monroe to order that the cartridge- boxes should be filled at retreat, and all expended am- munition replaced at the same time every day. There were several court-martials held at this time, all for minor offences, such as out-staying a pass, etc. There was one case of a sentry who, with an obstinate adher- ence to what he considered to be his duty, refused to change his post when ordered to do so by the officer of the guard and the officer of the day. For this he was sentenced to fourteen days in the guard tent. Col. Monroe remitted the sentence, in view of the confine- ment that the culprit had suffered ; but, in his order on the subject, stated the duties of sentries so clearly that it is quoted here, the matter being one upon which there W>iBiot^^ of f3e ^twenfgj^econb QRegtmenf /o is frequently considerable doubt in the minds of many soldiers. He said : " The colonel commanding takes the occasion of the piiblica- tion of the foregoing proceedings to rectify some misapprehen- sions in respect to the responsibility and duties of sentinels. It is a mistake to suppose that a sentinel can be relieved only by a non-commissioned officer of his guard. It is the right, and sometimes the' duty, of the officer of the day to inspect the piece and cartridge-box of a sentinel on post, to satisfy himself that the one is loaded and that the other contains the requisite am- munition. The officer of the day, when properly made known to the sentinel, may order him off his post, put him on another post, or give him any proper military order. The responsibility is with the officer. The sentinel is safe in following his direc- tions." An inspection of the brigade was made by Maj.-Gen. Wool, the department commander, on July 22, by whose direction the brigade commander issued an order con- veying to the Twenty-second Gen. Wool's " great gratifi- cation at its soldierly appearance and proficiency in drill and discipline," and stating his intention of "returning and witnessing its drill in the evolutions of the line." The brigade was commanded by Col. Dixon S. Miles, Second Infantry U. S. A., an old regular officer. He had fallen under a cloud on account of something he did or omitted in the first battle of Bull Run and had been put in charge of Harper's Ferry. He was a splendid drill officer, with a peculiarly penetrating voice that would carry the entire length of the line of 2500 men, and he handled his brigade beautifully. There was something wrong in his composition, however, and it was generally understood that he was a victim of the absinthe habit. 76 ©isforg of f0e ^wenfgs^ecortb QRegimmf He was rough, overbearing and disagreeable. It was stated that he replied to an application for leave to return home, made by one of the members of G Com- pany, who was very sick with heart disease and liable to die at any moment, " that none of the Twenty-second Regiment should return home until their time had ex- pired, unless they went home in a box." He had a great respect for Col. Monroe, as an ex-officer in the regular army, and if the latter had lived. Harper's Ferry would probably not have surrendered. Un- fortunately Col. Monroe was taken with typhoid fever and died on July 3 t, 1862. He was adored by the men, who had the greatest confidence in him, which he fully deserved. Probably no event in the history of the Twenty- second ever excited such sorrow and consternation in its ranks as did his death. The regiment was momentarily expecting an attack by the Confederate forces, which all knew would be a desperate conflict, and it relied with con- fidence upon the leadership of Col. Monroe. His care of and thoughtfulness for his men had also made them regard him with affection. For days after his death the camp was silent and gloomy. Every mark of re- pect was given to Col. Monroe's memory. The officers of the Twenty-second met and passed appropriate reso- lutions. The entire brigade escorted his remains to the cars, the march being made through six inches of fine dust,which rendered it impossible to see from one platoon to the next. A special detachment, consisting of Capts. Otis, Post and Wilsey, First Lieuts. Bellows, Edwards, Oakley and Hoyt, Second Lieuts. Landers, Smyth and Remmy, and a detail of two privates from each com- THE "HAPPY FAMILY." E. C. Homans. P. W. Van Brunt. W. A. Brewer. Jas. S. Robbins. Abm. Schenck. G. B. Goldschmidt . CAMP ASPINWALL, SHENANDOAH HEIGHTS. Q. M. Chas„T. White. Surgeon Benj. Lee. Asst. Surgeon Albert Gallatin. Acting Chaplain E. N. White. j^teforg of f0e ^wenfg^^econb QRcgtmenf 79 pany, two sergeants and two corporals, under the command of Lieut. E. A. Landers, escorted his body to New York, the railroads furnishing transportation without charge. The Seventh, and all the officers stationed in Baltimore, escorted the party through Baltimore, forming a most imposing procession. Col. Mon- roe's body lay in state for four days in St. Xavier's Church, New York, and was then buried, with mili- tary honors, in Holy Cross Cemetery. A handsome and expensive monument was subsequently erected over his grave by the reg- iment, which is kept in good order and strewed with flowers on every Dec- oration Day by the mem- bers of James Monroe Post G. A. R.* While Col. Lloyd Aspinwall, who succeeded Col. Monroe, had, on account of the latter's illness, almost the entire charge of the driUing of the regiment since its arrival at Harper's Ferry, he had practically no previous military experience, although he had once be- longed to a militia artillery regiment. As is not un- common with officers who have never seen actual field MelNROE MONUMENT. • The Twenty-second also raised $2000 for Col. Monroe's family. So ^isforE of i^ ^t»enfg«^econb QRegtmertf service or carried a musket in the ranks, he had to learn, by experience, what his men could undergo without suf- fering, and, until he did learn, was often, from igno- rance, inconsiderate of their comfort. The men com- plained of the severe drills in the hot weather, and, in particular, of being kept at a " shoulder arms " while the long brigade was closing and deploying, and of other matters having less foundation. They had little or no confidence in him as a leader, as compared with Col. Monroe, and felt the change of command deeply. Greatly to their surprise and pleasure, he proved a good colonel. He dropped the long-continued "shoulder arms" and some of the other peculiarities they complained of, and showed himself a first-class drill ofl&cer. In a short time he won the respect and con- fidence of his command, although it was not until the succeeding campaign that he attained the popularity of his lamented predecessor.* The Twenty-second at this time completely aban- doned their gray full-dress coats and sent them to New * Gen. Lloyd Aspinwall died in Bristol, R. I., on September 4, 1SS6, at the age of 56. He was born in New York, and was the son of William H. Aspinwall, of the firm of Rowland & Aspinwall, one of the oldest shipping houses in America. In his youth he entered his father's office, succeeded him as a member of the firm, and was at the head of it at the time of his death. Gen. Aspinwall, in 1854, enlisted as a private m Capt. Hincken's Bat- tery, Fourth Artillerj-, N. G., Col. Yates commanding. In 1855 Col. Yates became a brigade commander, and, Col. Hincken taking command of the regiment, appointed Mr. Aspmwall quartermaster. In 1857 the latter was elected major of the Seventh Regiment, but declined the position. He originated the formation of the Union Grays in 1S61. He held the position of colonel of the Twenty-second until December i, 1865, when ho was com- missioned brigadier-general of the Fourth Brigade, N. G. He commanded the First Division of the National Guard during the period intervening be- tween the death of Maj.-Gen. Sanford and the appointment, as his sue- ^isiot^ of f^e ^Djenfgj^econb (Regtmeiif Si York. They were exactly the same as those of the Confederate artillery, and in the present situation a cause of trouble. During the rest of the campaign officers and men wore the army blouse and trousers with the gray cap, getting on very well without any full dress. They also dispensed with the services of the band, finding it too expensive a luxury. In fact, it cost the officers over $2000 up to August 18. As their shoes began to wear out, they adopted the army brogan or " mud scow," as it was termed, and found its low heel and broad sole much the best for a soldier's use. In addition to the ordinary drills, detachments from the regiment were sent, from time to time, to guard the different parts of the railroad to Winchester, which was frequently torn up by guerrillas. Pickets were also cessor, of Gen. Shaler by Gov. Fenton. He resigned his commission on September 13, 1869. He was elected for three consecutive terms president of the Army and Navy Club, succeeding Gen. Hancock. Gen. Aspinwall was appointed volunteer aide-de-camp to the command- ing general of the Army of the Potomac, Gen. Ambrose C. Burnside, in December, 1862, and served with him duriag the disastrous Fredericksburg campaign. By direction of Gen. Burnside, he made the first report of the battle of Fredericksburg to President Lincoln in person. He subsequently received the thanks of the commanding general for the service performed by him. About two years before his death. Gen. Aspinwall, with other members of George Washington Post, visited the United States man-of-war 7 (Kegtmen^ but not taken away, reported afterwards that all these poor creatures were taken from their houses, formed in a great drove, and driven South, like so many cattle, crying and wailing for their lost glimpse of freedom, and presenting a heart-rending spectacle as they were marched down the valley. The weather at Harper's Ferry, duririg the summer, was very trying. During the day the heat would be in- tense — ioo° to I [5° in the tents. The glare of the sun from the white tents and trodden clay of the streets of the camp was like the heat of a baker's oven. The sun went down in a blaze of glory, the sunsets being some- thing beyond description. The western sky would be a sea of translucent mother-of-pearl, with rosy islands, gradually changing from one hue to another, so that at dress parade men, who were far from romantic, would sometimes let the orders escape them while watching ths marvelous picture spread upon the clouds before them. When the sun was fairly set, the air became chill and the dew heavy. The men slept in their clothes, with their blouses and overcoats over their blankets, and even then were often cold. The sentries and pick- ets sleeping without cover, would wring the dew out of their blankets every morning as if there had been a rain. It was a singular experience to be on sentry duty from 3 to 5 A. M. A heavy overcoat and the exertion of walking one's beat was insufficient to keep one warm. The gun-barrel was like an icicle, so that, having no gloves, the men often wrapped the coat-tails of their overcoats around it so as to be able to carry it. Sud- denly, after two hours' walking, the sentry, while still 87 (!•** ^teter^ of f6e ^twenfgs^econb (Regiment 89 chilled to the bone, would see the sun shoot up over the mountains like a great red football, and in half an hour the thermometer would be at 90°, and he would be wish- ing he could find a shady place. Frequently the monotony of the hot days and cold nights would be broken by a heavy storm. A small cloud would come up over the hills and in almost no time a gale would be upon the camp. Some of them were " corkers." In these the rain descended in sheets, the thunder roared, the wind blew a hurricane and fre- quent flashes of vivid lightning made it almost as light as day. The scene it illuminated was unique — a hun- dred tents rocked in the wind, the flies and flaps crack- ing like loose sails on a vessel struck by a squall, and 500 officers and men in various stages of undress were to be seen hard at work outside their tents, soaked to the skin by the pelting rain, some holding on to the guy ropes and tent poles, others driving in loose tent pegs, and all using language which was bluer than the lightning. Every once in a while, down would go a tent, the wet, heavy canvas half smothering those of its occupants whose confidence in the security of its fas- tenings had induced them to remain inside. Their efforts to crawl out from under the wet canvas were most amusing — to everybody but themselves. The sentries did not enjoy this style of weather, particularly those whose duty it was to walk the line of posts extending along the edge of the steep bluffs over- hanging the Shenandoah, where to walk out of the beaten track, was to get a fall of 200 to 300 feet. Neither did the members of the Grand Rounds who had to pass along this and other beats after mid- no ^iBiotii of i^ ^i))tniii''^econ'i> QRejitmenf night. One night during a storm, the Grand Rounds, approached so close to a sentry that when he first became conscious of something moving in the darkness and came to a "charge" his bayonet struck the buttons of the sergeant of the guard. The most pleasant part of the day was between dress parade and tattoo. The heat had then abated and the cool of the night air was most refreshing. The men would gather in their company streets, tell stories, crack jokes and sing songs of all kinds, patriotic, college and sentimental, those with a rousing chorus being the favorites. Many of them, now middle-aged, often recall these hours as among the most pleasant of all that linger in the memories of the experiences of a busy life. Most of the songs sung by the soldiers in the field were pathetic, rather than warlike. "John Brown's Body," " Rally 'round the Flag," and " Tramp, Tramp," were favorites, but there were more like " Who Will Care for Mother Now?" " The Vacant Chair," and simi- lar songs, which seemed to be more admired. " March- ing Through Georgia" was not known until after the war. One of the most curious things in regard to war songs is that " Dixie," which had originally been a negro minstrel song, was the campaign song of the Republicans during the Lincoln campaign and was taken up by the South after his election. It is unnecessary to say that practical jokes were incessant. The extent to which all had become accus- tomed to them is shown by the following incident: The importation of liquor into camp was forbidden, and many packages were seized by the provost marshal ^Bforg of i^ ^wenfgs^econb (Regimeiif 91 at the depot. It was, therefore, a luxury. One day Sergt. Frank Brown of .V Companv (after\vards Major of Cavalry) announced proudly that he had " euchered the provost guard and ran in some whiskey from home" and invited a dozen of his friends into his tent to " take the oath." They responded with alac- NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF, HARPER'S FERRV. Color Sergt. Wm. Lamonby. Com. Sergt. Thompson. Right Gen. Guide Wyckoff, Color Sergt. Geo. V. W. House. Lockwood. ' Sergt. Major Charles Walker. Left Gen. Guide Maj. Goldschmidt. rity, filed into the tent, closed the tent flaps and seated themselves in a tight circle around their host, who sat down with his back against the rear tent pole, reached his hand behind him and groped into a hole which formed his cellar, and produced a black bottle wh'ch he handed to the man on his right. The latter took a long 92 ©teforg of i^i ^i»enf8«^econb (ftegimenf drink and passed it to the next, who drank and passed the bottle in like manner. After every one of the dozen had drank his fill, no man saying anything;, the bottle finally reached its owner. He held it up to the light and said : " Well, boys, there is more left than I expected ; here is luck," took a long drink, choked and spit out what he had not swallowed and said : " H , this is vinegar! I got the wrong bottle." It is unnecessary to say that a general roar went up from each of his dozen guests, not one of whom had manifested by a movement that he had been drinking vinegar instead of whiskey, for fear of preventing the others from being sold as he had been. Brown, who had intended no sell, apologized profusely for the mistake and produced another bottle which he tested himself before passing around, and to which his guests did ample justice. There were often sad scenes, as well as pleasant ones. Once in the gray of the morning, one of the out- posts brought in a man to the guard. He was an elderly citizen with a grip sack, looking like a well-to-do Western farmer — which he was. He had come from the railroad and had a pass to go to the camp of the Eighty- seventh Ohio. The officer of the guard told him that he could not go further until after sunrise, when the sen- tries would stop challenging and asked him to sit down by the guard-fire until then. The old farmer stood with his back to the fire and chatted with the officer and some of the guard, the most of the "off relief" lying around the fire more or less asleep. He said he had come on from Ohio to see his only son who had left college to enlist in the Eighty-seventh and who he had heard was sick, praising his son with a father's pride %iBiox^ of i^ $toenfe«^econb Qftegtmenf 93 and saying they would soon fix him up when he got him "home to mother." The Heutenant said, "What is your boy's name?" He gave the name, which was rather an unusual one, "Walter Wilkenson," or something like that. The word aroused one of the sleepy guard who had not previously paid any attention to the conversation. "Walter Wilkenson," he said; "why, that's the name COMPANY A, OFFICERS AND MEN, HARPER S FERRY. of the man who was buried yesterday from the Eighty- seventh Ohio." The-old farmer dropped upon the log in froiit of the fire, as if the thoughtless speaker had struck him with a club, buried his face in his hands and sat silent for ten minutes, a picture of grief. Then, drawing a long breath, he lifted such a changed face and sadly murmured: "The Lord's will be done." The words were true. He had come all the way from Ohio to 94 %iBiot^ of f6e ^toenfes^econb (Restmenf find his boy dead and buried on the very day before his arrival. The regiment did not have much "spirituous com- fort." The provost guard at the depot was very strict. All boxes except those addressed to an officer, were opened and all alcoholic beverages confiscated. The members of the regiment soon learned to evade this by having all their boxes addressed to their captains. No objection was made to this by the regimental officers, as the men did not abuse the privilege. Those in other organizations, however, were not so much to be trusted, and devised all kinds of schemes "to get around the provost guard." It is a curious thing about military life that the putting on of a uniform seems to destroy the sense of personal responsibility and to make grown men act like boys. Unless watched and governed by their officers, they will perpetrate all sorts of wild pranks and glory in it. Many are apt to drink to excess if they can get liquor. Consequently military authorities are rigorous in preventing it from being brought into places where there are a number of troops. On the other hand there is such a profit in supplying it that many attempt to do so. On one occasion three nicely dressed Jewish gentlemen got off the train at Harper's Ferry, having five large Saratoga trunks. The officer of the guard stepped up and politely inquired what was in them. "Clothing — only our clothing," was the reply. "All right," he said, "just open them, will you?" The gentlemen demurred somewhat, but when they saw that he was firm, finally did so. When the trunks ^teforg of f3e ^<»enfg«^econb (Regimenf g^ were opened, they appeared, as stated, to be merely filled with clothing. The ofificer, however, thrust his arm into one of the trunks, felt around and soon drew it out with a bottle of whiskey; this was followed by another and still another. The trunks were then unpacked and it was found that below six inches from the top they were packed with alternate layers of cloth- ing and bottles of whiskey. The whiskey was at once confiscated and sent to the hospital, the officer and sergeant of the guard only keeping two bottles each as a perquisite. The owners swore and cried, and cried and swore, but they were in the region of martial law and were only laughed at. The regiment was not favored with many formal re- ligious services, although there was a short prayer meet- ing at 9 p. M. every night. Its chaplain, a prominent New York clergyman, had a large church in New York and was seldom able to leave it. Up to July 27, he had only been with the regiment on three or four Sundays. On one of these advantage was taken of the occasion to have the regiment attend divine service in a body. An empty church near the camp was taken possession of and was filled solidly by an interested and attentive con- gregation. The eloquent chaplain, who was full of patriotic fervor, improved the occasion and made up for his previous absence by a most eloquent but lengthy prayer. The officers and men had not been inside of a house for over a month, and although the doors and windows of the church were open and some of them missing, the crowd made the air close, at least to those who had become accustomed to spend their days and nights in the open air. The day was hot and the buzz- g6 W)iBiot^ of fge 5t<»enfg«Seconb QRegimenf ing of the flies and the murmuring of a gentle breeze outside chimed in softly with the voice of the preacher, and, one by one the audience dropped off into peaceful slumber. The writer, by a great effort, forced himself to listen for thirty-five minutes, and then, observing that the great majority of his comrades had yielded to the situation, he, too, succumbed. Subsequent inquiry failed to disclose anyone who had heard the prayer through, so that it is impossible to say how long it lasted. When it did end, as all things must, each one of the audience awoke with a start and glared at his neighbors with an expression of indignation at their impoliteness in hav- ing gone to sleep when the chaplain was praying. During June and July, elections were held to fill the places of those officers who had not been able to go into service with the regiment. Adj. J. Henderson Grant, afterwards commander in the Japanese army, was elected major, Capt. Otis, Company A, who had been acting as major, preferring the position of senior captain; Lieut. W. J. A. McGrath, C Company, was appointed adjutant; Lieut. J. Farley Cox, of A Com- pany, was elected captain of Company D, of which he had been acting captain since it left New York ; Lieut. Geo. Fuller being elected as first lieutenant of A Com- pany and David B. Gilbert, second lieutenant. In Company C Charles A. Post was elected as second lieutenant in place of Adj. McGrath. In B Company Aaron C. Allen was promoted to be lirst lieutenant and W. W. Remmy elected second lieutenant. In D Company Joseph T. Baldwin was elected first lieutenant and Thos. L. Thornell, second lieutenant. CAPT. AND MRS. COX, CAl'T. o. u. POST, LIEUT. H. CKUGER OAKLEY. 97 ADJUTANT W. J. A. MCGRATH, %iBiot^ of i^ ^wenfgs^econb QRcgtmenf 99 In E Company W. H. Hoyt was elected first lieutenant. In G Company W. A. Gibson was elected second lieutenant. In H Company William Man was elected second lieutenant. Com. Sergt. George McClure was appointed com- missary, and Private John Thompson (A Company) commissary sergeant. The flies were a terrible nuisance in the camp. They filled the tents in swarms and buzzed and bit so that resting, reading, "writing home " (an important part COMPANY B, harper's FERRY. of a soldier's life) were almost impossible. Letter writ- ing in camp is usually done on a tin plate resting on the knee, and requires industry and ingenuity, and usually produces a cramp somewhere about the writer's person. lOO l^tBforg of f^e ^wenfgs^cconl) (TRegimenf The addition of a dozen industrious and hungry flies elevated it into a penance. Another great inconvenience was the want of change, which was the only shape in which money had value. All coin had disappeared with the rise in gold. Fractional currency had not yet been invented, and it was almost impossible to make the small purchases of berries, milk, etc., which added so much to the army ration and to pay for the washing of the soldiers' under- clothing, the receipt from which appeared to be the sole support of the females of the neighborhood. Postage stamps were used to a considerable extent, but the trouble was a constant and serious one. ^^^r^^^^ "OUEYIiNG orders'' (PAGE 85). TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT AT HARPER'S FERRY. IN SQUARE. GUARD MOUNT. CHAPTER VIII. AN ATTACK THREATENED. A S THE summer wore on the situation became -^^- more and more warlike. The guerrillas became bolder and frequently attacked and destroyed wagons. In the latter part of July, there was quite an excitement in camp as an attack was anticipated. The men slept with their shoes on (which soldiers dislike extremely to do ) and rifles loaded, but nothing appeared to disturb them. The brigade was constantly active. The cavalry scoured the woods on the Loudon side of the Shenandoah, often bringing in squads of prisoners, while detachments from the infantry were frequently sent out down the valley to protect the railroad to Winchester, which was being constantly threatened by guerrillas. This railroad was one of the curiosities of the region. It was laid with the old fash- ioned strap rail, the ends of which were apt to turn upwards when a spike got loose, making what were called "snake heads," which had an interesting way of coming through the car floor when a wheel struck them as the end of the rail went over instead of under it. The rolling stock consisted of platform cars and an engine. This had once been a platform car itself but 103 io4 ^teforg of f^e ^oenfgs^econb (Regtmenf had risen to the dignity of a locomotive by being rigged up with a stationary engine set in the middle, which operated a walking-beam that turned the wheels of the car steamboat fashion. The less said about its speed the better. A few men could easily rip out these flat rails in a few minutes and stop the road, but it was just as easy to put them back when you could trace out the place where they had thrown the missing rails, which was never far away, as they were too heavy for raiders to carry off. The enemy did not confine their operations to the railroad, but pushed their scouting parties boldly forward, sometimes approaching so near the lines as to be visible from Maryland Heights and their fires could often be seen at night. Capt. McGrath, who com- manded the battery upon the mountain, dominated all points within four miles with his heavy guns. He was incessantly on the alert and after July 15, it was not an uncommon eveat for him to open fire at some of these scouting parties, as a gentle hint for them to keep their distance. This he would do at night as well as in the daytime, aiming at their camp fires. This was interesting to the Twenty-second as the shells usually passed directly over the regimental camp, and to them, therefore, the accuracy of his fuses was a matter of some consideration. It is gratifying to be able to state that none of the shells, as far as known, burst over the camp. McGrath's aim was so good that one day when a body of Confederate cavalry were seen to enter an abandoned school-house two miles from the river for noonday rest, he put an eleven inch shell into the building, stampeding the whole party. j^tsforg of f3e ^wenigs^econb (Rcflftmcnf 105 One dark night some officers of the Twenty-second coming out of a tent observed a bright light over on the summit of Loudon, and at once proceeded to ''stake it out" so as to be able to locate it the next day. They had just completed an elaborate triangulation which they felt sure would give them the exact point, NON-COMMISSIONED OMICERS OV COMPANY C, HARPER'S FERRY. Serfft. Augustus Brownell. Sergt, W. W. Butler. Corp. E. L. Avery. Sergt \V. W Evans. Sergt. Jolin l-I. Palmei". Corp. Robt. Forrest. First Sergt. Geo. Arnold. Corp. H P. Franklin. when the supposed fire rose slowly above the trees and they found to their disgust that they had "staked out" the planet Venus for a Confederate camp fire.''' In July Gen. McClellan made his celebrated "change of base" and Gen. Pope assumed command of the armies in front of Washington. He issued his well- *A similar occurrence took place in Buffalo in 1892. See page 535, post io6 %iBiot^ of (dt ^wenfgs^econb Qftegimenf known order that his "headquarters were in the saddle" and that every soldier should carry ninety rounds of am- munition, which order did not create a favorable impres- sion upon the rank and file of the Twenty-second. All the natives of the country around Harper's Ferry were "secesh." The so-called " grape vine telegraph " by which information was received from the Southern army, was in full blast and the most thrilling news was daily brought in by the hucksters. Consequently re- ports "that Jackson was coming up the valley," that he was at Martinsburg, Front Royal and a number of other places, were circulated through the camp at least three times a day. It was evident, however, from other things than rumor that matters were becoming serious. The regimental drills began to assume a more war- like character day after day. The brigade was practiced in attack and defence, and carefully drilled in skirmish- ing by the bugle, over the ground extending from the town down the valley, which they would have to defend in case of an attack. It became very proficient in this and it was a pretty sight to see the long lines sweeping over the valley and up and down the hills, the men run- ning forward, falling down and firing and then dashing forward. As a large part of the ground was quite stony, the "loading and firing lying" was quite an ordeal and the soldiers of the present day should rejoice that the in- troduction of the breech loader has preserved them from it. Their predecessors, in performing it, dropped on their faces and fired; they then turned on their backs, placed the butt of the rifle between their toes, drew out a cartridge, tore the paper off the butt end with their teeth and poured the powder in the barrel. This was l^iBforg of f^e ^wenfgs^econb (R«3t«nenf 107 MISTAKEN IDENTITY. no easy task to perform when lying on one's back as the barrel of the rifle was of necessity almost horizon- tal. They then pushed in the ball, drew out the rammer, rammed the ball, returned the rammer and rolled over on their left side and capped To do all this with a sharp stone under one's spine and another under the hips, as was apt to be the case was far from agreeable. It was also destructive to one's clothes, but this no one cared about, as they were paid for by " Uncle Samuel." There was one old woman who sold berries to the camp who claimed to be " Union." On the faith of this rare qualification she received an enormous custom from the men, and was very popular. One day as the long line of skir- mishers, falling back in a feigned retreat, marched through the outskirts of the town, a squad of them passed through the back yard of her house. They were so covered with dust that the color of their uniforms was gray instead of blue. Thinking them to be Confed- erates attacking the Union lines, the old woman lifted up her voice in tremulous congratulations, and wished them "success over the Yanks!" Imagine her horror when she heard the voices of two or three of her best cus- tomers inquiring, " What has become of your Union sentiments, Aunty?" "You are dead wrong this time," and similar remarks. After this her trade fell off. On August 25, Capt. Otis (A Co.) was appointed judge advocate of a general court-martial at St. John's io8 giefoiTB of f0e ^<»enfg«^econb (Regiment Run, seventy-five miles up the Potomac, and went there for a week, taking with him the writer as recorder. Lieut.-Col. Satterlee and Maj. E. Ellery Anderson, of the Twelfth N. G., were detailed on the same duty. This was a disagreea- ~ ble service, as the con- dition of affairs was such that all officers and men wished to be with their companies, ' and those detailed were i rejoiced when they were relieved. The re- ports that a large body of the enemy were at Winchester took defi- nite shape about this time, and the brigade was ordered under arms. Officers' horses were kept saddled and bridled, and the men slept with their shoes on. It proved, however, to be a false alarm. The left wing of the Eighty-seventh Ohio was sent to Pawpaw, in West Virginia to repel an attack by guerrillas. As usual upon the approach of too strong a force to be handled by them, each of the guerrillas at once became an honest farmer, but only to resume his warlike character as soon as the troops were withdrawn. The Eighty- seventh, however, secured a number of prisoners, and thereby subtracted a certain amount from the force of the enemy. PRIVATE OFK PICKET DUTY. COMPANY A IN LINE, HARPER'S FERRY. ^, ■pr=:=s Step.;: .-■ ^£' ^rf ^^^^ T^^P^ B^SkH BftT^ Xi, T * " a PIM vi :.i.i^ itJl ± W ■■?^^fc :'":>■' '■:"•>■ "K..,. I; W^ H^^^" '"■-' ■■J ■' ■■ ■■'- ^ " ■-'- " ' COMPANY G IN LINE, HARPER'S FERRY. 109 %iBiotii of f^e ^wenfes^econb QRegtmenf 1 1 1 Shortly after the regimental camp of the Twenty- second had been removed inside the Bolivar lines, dur- ing the first week after the arrival of the regiment, the construction of a line of breastworks was begun on Camp Hill, which line extended along the top of the hill from the bluffs overhanging the Shenandoah, about 350 yards towards the Potomac. Work upon this was con- PLANorWoRKS AT HARPERS FERRY. July 19. 1862. Reserve B.E. F&I. e and /O'i smoot/i Bores,, Gusrcf Tents D DD D D aa a a OD a tinued all summer by gangs of negroes. In June and July, Company G, Capt. Butler, constructed the plat- forms for two rifle guns in the left bastion, and, on July 15, moved from the regimental camp within the works, to man these guns, relieving a detachment from the Sixtieth N. G. Volunteers. The work was substantially finished during July, and was armed with four twenty- pound Parrott rifles and a number of six and ten-pound 112 IgiBforg of tge 4<»enf«5^econb (Regimenf brass Napoleons (smooth bores), all being field guns. The members of the Twenty-second were not greatly impressed with the value of this as a fortification. It was merely a straight breastwork, with a dry ditch, and a slight abbatis in front, but without traverses or anything to pro- tect those defending it from a flank or rear fire. While it was of some value to keep off an enemy coming up the valley, it was clearly untenable in case a battery should be put upon Loudon Heights on the Virginia side, not to mention Maryland Heights. This was a matter frequently discussed by the members of the Twenty-second, who pointed out to each other the ex- act place, in a little orchard on Loudon, where an attacking force would be able to plant a battery which would enfilade the whole work, while only one or two of the Parrotts in the left bastion would be able to reply. This criticism was scoffed at by those in authority, upon the ground that McGrath's heavy guns on Maryland Heights would prevent any such battery from being established. To this the answer was, " But what if any- thing happens to McGrath's guns ? " The result was precisely what had been so often predicted and affords one of the many instances where i^tBfore of i^ $i»enfj?^eccmli (^esimmi 113 the North had to pay a terrible price in blood and money as a penalty for maintaining an incompetent officer in an important position. When just before Antietam, Jackson came up the valley, Col. Miles was ordered " to hold Harper's Ferry " at all hazards. Whether or not his forces should have been sent to join McClellan may be questioned. There can be no dis- pute, however, that the way to hold Harper's Ferry was to hold Mary- land Heights with every available man. With a stupidity, amount- ing to criminality, Miles left the defence of this, the key of his position, in the hands of Col. Ford (who was afterwards dismissed for cowardice), and when Ford became frightened and retreated, withdrew all his forces (11,500 men) into Harper's Ferry proper, a "blind alley," as it is well termed in the Comte de Paris's " History of the Civil War," commanded on every side by the surrounding hills. At the very time when the heavy guns of McGrath were driving back the attack and keeping Jackson at a distance, he was ordered to spike his guns and return to the town. He delayed as long as possible, maintaining his fire for an hour and a-half afterwards, and, finally, when a third order was received so that obedience was imperative, rolled his guns over the mountain-side, bursting into COL. DIXON S. MILES. 114 lE>ieiox^ of f 5e ^fBenfgs^aonb (Resimenf tears as he gave the order, and retreated with his command. This sealed the fate of the place. The Confeder- ates advanced slowly, for they could scarcely credit their own success and feared a trap. But the next noon both Loudon and Maryland Heights were N. H. Bibcock. W. H. Shelton. C. J. Buckley. G. Foster. A. Foster. crowded with Confederate batteries, whose fire took in the rear of the Union works and searched out every place where the troops were assembled, while they had no opportunity to reply. In a short time surrender was inevitable, and on September 14, 1862, and just as the flag had been lowered, Miles himself was struck by a shell and "5 mtiiot^ of idt $wenfB»#econb (Kegtmenf 1 1 7 killed. At that very time Franklin, with a strong re- lieving force, was within a few miles. But it was too late. The town with 1 1,500 men, 73 cannon and all its vast amount of ammunition and military stores was basely abandoned to the Confederates, giving them the very things they most wanted to oppose McClellan. Some of the guns which were behind the breastworks were used against the Union forces until they were finally surrendered at Appomattox."^ On August 25, the Twenty-second was moved into camp behind the breastwork, and set to work at artillery drill, the Jackson Light Artillery acting as instructors. The following was the position of the companies : A, Right battery. H, Road. G, Three right curtain pieces. D, Three left curtain pieces. C, Two pieces left of curtain. I. F. B. and E, In reserve. The following order was issued : Headquarters Twenty-second Regiment Infantry, N. G. S. N. Y., Camp AspiNWALL, Bolivar, August 26, 1862. General Orders No. jg. I. Until further orders, the hours for drill will be devoted by those companies having batteries in charge, to artillery ; by those in reserve, to infantry drill. II. The guns are apportioned in General Order No. 30, August 25, will be designated as Battery "A," Battery " H," etc., and each piece comprised in said batteries will be numbered from one upwards, commencing on the right. •See appendix, pages 655, 656, 657, 65S, for a detailed account of the sur- render, for which the author is- indebted to Col. John Ward, then a cap- tain in the Twelfth N. G. S. N. Y., which was captured at that time. 1 1 8 ^teforg of f ^ ^t»enf8«^econb (Regtmeirf III. Commandants of battery companies will form detach- ments, to consist of one sergeant as chief of piece, one corporal as chief of caisson, one corporal as gunner, and seven men for the service of each piece. A piece may have more than one detachment, and in the case of disability of any of a detachment serving a piece, the deficiency will be filled from the other detachment attached to the piece. Detachments will be num- bered one and two, and those attached to a piece will keep the same in proper order. IV. In the event of commandants of battery companies requiring aid from the reserve, they will apply for the same to the adjutant, who will send it to Battery Company " A " from Company " E " It 11 " H " " " " I " It 11 It Q. " It tt 11 T »» 11 It It j^ " ti ti It p " It ti " C " " " " B " Any such aid sent will be immediately reported to lieutenant- colonel com.manding. V. Lounging about the guns, limbers or caissons is pro- hibited. VI. Lieuts. Hoyt, Remmey, Thomell and Gibson are detailed to instruct the right wing of the One Hundred and Eleventh National Guard Volunteers, four officers having been asked for. VII. One gun having been removed, by order of Col. Miles, from Battery Company "D," that battery will consist of two guns. VIII. All orders in force previous to change of encampment, not changed by the above, will be observed. By order of LiEUT.-CoL. Lloyd Aspinwall, Colonel Commanding. Wm. J. A. McGrath, Adjutant. None of the officers or -men of the Twenty-second knew anything about artillery. But they were intelli- gent, and above all, were anxious to learn. When a thing was once explained to them, that was sufficient. Jgisfotg of f^e ^wenfgs^econb QRegimenf 1 1 9 Consequently, in less than a week they became as fa- miliar with the drill as their instructors. The squads having the brass Napoleons vied with each other in keeping them polished. All sorts of materials, even to tooth powder, were used to bring out an extra glitter, which, by the bye, while adding largely to their appear- ance, interfered with shooting them. But in those days, accurate firing seemed not to be considered as a part of COMPANY H, HARPER'S FERRY. the military art. Not a single shot was ever fired froK. any of these guns, nor were any instructions ever given in regard to ranges or elevations. It seemed to be con- sidered that that was a matter to be acquired in actual combat. One member of a squad remembered he had heard his mother say "that vinegar was good to clean brass." Accordingly, the squad saved their vinegar ration, and one evening " doused " their Napoleon I20 %ieioti^ of i^ ^<»enfB»^econb (Regiment gun with it. Unfortunately, the one who had remem- bered the receipt had forgotten the most important part of it — that the vinegar must be wiped off promptly. Through this mistake it was left on all night, with the result that the gun was of afine bronze color in the morn- ing, inciting the captain's and first sergeant's wrath, and requiring the squad to keep a man scouring it for a week before it was presentable. On August 25, Harper's Ferry was reinforced by the arrival of several newly-raised regiments of New York volunteers — the One Hundred and Eleventh and One Hundred and Twenty-sixth and others — who occu- pied the old camp of the Twenty-second just beyond the works. A regiment of New York cavalry also rode in commanded bv Col. Davis, a regular officer. This regiment escaped before the surrender under cover of the night. The infantry were splendid regiments, each 1,000 strong, composed of fine young fellows from the interior of the State. If they had been used to fill up the depleted veteran regiments they would have been of the greatest value. But in pursuance of the absurd policy followed by New York State during the War, the veteran regiments, whose ranks had been thinned by hard service, were consolidated and their experienced officers mustered out, while commissions in the new regiments were issued to those who could recruit men, without the slightest regard for their military qualifica- tions. There was not among the regiments in ques- tion a single officer who knew even how to drill his men, so that the corporals of the Twenty-second were detailed as instructors of companies. To show how little these officers knew, it may be -o IT hamer's ferry. ,,V . COM.A.V . A- COM-- ° COMPANY V, ^isioxi^ of f ^ ^ttjenfgs^econb QRegimcnf l 2 3 stated that one day some of the Twenty-second, in going through one of the camps, stopped to inspect a squad which was being drilled in the " Manual," in front of the captain's tent, by an old sergeant who had served in the Mexican War. Inside the tent were the captain and first lieutenant of the company, endeavoring to fol- low the drill in their copies of Casey's tactics, but not succeeding, for the very good reason that the sergeant was drilling according to Scott's tactics, which had been obsolete for a generation. When this fact was called to his attention by the Twenty-second men, he disdain- fully snorted, and took his squad under the hill, where he drilled them according to Scott, to his heart's content. A number of the officers of the Twenty-second, who subsequently accepted commissions in the volunteers, were quite surprised, on joining their new commands, to find the difference in the spirit of discipline and sub- mission to hardship existing between the two organ- izations. In the Twenty-second the men knew their position as soldiers and their duties, and performed the latter as a matter of duty and self-respect. They ren- dered a willing obedience to the officers, and punish- ments were not required. They also knew that priva- tion and hardship were a part of a soldier's life, and put up with them as a matter of course. On the other hand, many who had enlisted in the volunteers had no idea of military subordination, and often could be com- pelled to obey their officers only by force. Others who had been accustomed to the plainest of living were in- cessantly grumbling at the least privation. This was particularly the case with substitutes, who, as one officer said, " were always kicking." CHAPTER IX. ORDERED HOME. " I ^HE enlistment of the Twenty-second expired on -*- August 28, and on August 24 orders were issued directing them to return to New York. The situation was very threatening, and the prospects of attack immediate. A meeting of the regiment was called, and, by vote of the men, the officers were author- ized to offer the services of the regiment until Septem- ber I. Col. Miles, upon receipt, from Surg. Benjamin Lee, the secretary, of a copy of the resolution of the Board of Officers, returned the following reply: Harper's Ferry, August 24, 1862. Dear Docxoii : I have just received the noble resolution of the Board of Officers of the Twen^-second Regiment. It is just what I ex- pected, but it is out of my power to accede to the wishes of the officers to retain the regiment until the first of September, as I firmly believe a contingency may arise before you pass Balti- more, absolutely requiring the services of the regiment in another important field, where, I have the utmost confidence, that your discipline and valor will be conspicuou.sly displayed. Should information be received between this and your departure of an advance of the enemy upon this point, I shall not hesitate to accept the services of the regiment until it is repulsed. I am, Doctor, with great regard. Your obedient servant and friend, D. S. ^\\J^%^Commandi7ig Colonel Second Infantry. To Surg. Benjamin Lee, Sec. Board of Officers Twenty-second Reg. 124 %\Btox^ of ige ^wentgs^econb (Hesimenf 125 A telegram was then sent to Gen. Wool, who answered, accepting the offer with thanks. This was received at 5 p. m., just as the regiment had struck camp and packed its equipage. The regiment was at once formed, and the cor- respondence read, the last order being received with great cheering. At the end of the reinlist- ment, the regiment was again ordered back to New York, and took the cars on August 3 1 , at 4 p. M. During this period the celebrated parti- san, Mosby, made a raid on the railroad between Harper's Ferry and Winches- ter, destroying a con- siderable portion of it. On August 27, Companies E and B went to Winches- ter as train guard, slept in the depot, and returned the next day with nine prisoners from Ashby's cavalry. The raids continuing, Col. Miles despatched Company I, Capt. Gardner, of the Twenty-second, with 250 of the Sixtieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, to open the rail- road, and, if possible, to catch Mosby. The opening of ( J L- ARTERMASTER CHARLES T. WHITE. SURGEON BENJAMIN LEE. 126 ^isforg of f^e ^i»enfg»^econb QRegtmenf the road was not difficult, but the catching of Mosby, in view of the fact that his men were mounted upon the best horses that the valley could furnish, and were perfectly familiar with every one of the innumerable by-paths and wood-roads in the country, was a partic- ularly difficult task for infantry. On reaching Winchester, the detachment found the town deserted of all its inhabitants, and rumors that "Jacksonwas approaching" filled the air like mosquitoes. The reports by the grapevine telegraph came thick and fast that a trap had been laid to capture the whole ex- pedition, and there was evidently more truth in the report than was customary in those coming from such sources. The engine-driver of the locomotive attached to the platform train which had carried the men, either from terror or treason, had disappeared, but with some considerable difficulty a substitute was obtained and the detachment retreated just in season to return with the regiment. It was afterward found that they had left Winchester in the nick of time, for if they had remained for a very few hours longer they would haye been cut off by Jackson's advance and captured. It is unnecessary to say that they did not capture Mosby. On the arrival of the Twenty-second in Philadelphia, the various engine and hose companies, (who were all volunteers in those days) threw open their houses to the different companies to spend the night in, the men sleeping on the floors of their parlors. All were treated with the greatest hospitality by the patriotic firemen. The regiment arrived in New York September 2, 1862. They were received at the dock by those W)iBiot^ of f^e €i»enf^<#econb (Kegimenf 127 of its members who had been unable to accompany them to the front and by hosts of their friends and relatives, who in many cases failed to recognize the bronzed and tough-looking subjects into which the service had transformed them. The march to the armory will never be forgotten by those who took part in it. The services in this campaign of the Twenty-second and of the other regiments of the National Guard which were called into the field were recognized by the State in the following order, which only gives them their just due : General Headquarters, S. N. Y., j Adjutant-General's Office, Albany, September 6, 1862. ) General Order No. "/o. The Commander-in-chief avails himself of the occasion of the return of the Seventh, Eighth, Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, Nineteenth, Twenty-Second, Twenty-fifth, Thirty-seventh, Forty -seventh, and Sixty-ninth Regiments, of the National Guards to the State of New York, to thank them for the ser- vices they have rendered to the country, and for the honor they have reflected on the State. Summoned the second time in thirteen months by a sudden and urgent call to the aid of the General Government, they consented cheerfully to the sacrifice of private interests, and abandoned, at a moment's notice, all private occupations, to hasten to the defence of the National Capital, then in danger. Habituated to the comforts and enjoy- ments of wealthy and peaceful communities, they have, during their prolonged absence from their homes, submitted without a murmur to the hardships, the privations, and to the labors of the life of a soldier, and they have discharged with fidelity and alacrity every duty they were called to perform, and have stood ready to encounter every danger they might be called upon to meet. Their conduct has entitled them to the thanks of the Government they were summoned to defend, and has won for 1 2 8 %iBiox^ of f^e ^wenfgs^econi) QRegtmmf them the gratitude and confidence of the people. It gives assurances that notwithstanding the vast army of volunteers the State of New York has sent to the defence of the Union, she has, in her National Guards, always at command a force ready, now as heretofore, to respond to any call that may be made on it by the Government, and able at the same time to preserve the peace, maintain the rights and preserve the liberties of her own people, in whatever form, or from whatever quarter they may be assailed. The Commander-in-chief will always esteem among the most important of his duties to aid by every means in his power in promoting the interests and contributing to the general .effi- ciency of the citizen soldiery of the State. By order of the Commander-in-chief, Thos. Hillhouse, Adjutant- General. Gen. Hallock, hovv^ever, took advantage of the occasion to display a sample of that peculiar wrong- headedness for which he was so justly celebrated. The battle of Chantilly, the last of the defeats under Pope, took place on August 31, -1863, and the Army of the Potomac had retreated to Washington, where it was being reorganized by McClellan. That troops were greatly needed was self-evident. The National War Committee of New York City, suggested the recall of the New York National Guard regiments then under splendid drill and discipline, to which Gen. Hallock made the following ill-natured and ungracious response: Washington, September 2, 1862. Hon. D. D. Field and Others. The New York Militia Regiments were requested to remain when the danger was more imminent than at present, but declined to do so. Under these circumstances they will not be recalled. H. W. Hallock, General in Chief. JgtBfocg of f^ ^i»enfj5^econb (Kegiimenf 129 This was asserting a pique of the writer, at the expense of the nation which places Gen. Hallock in a most unfavorable light. It was the more so as it was his own fault that the regiments had not remained for a longer period. It is not surprising, therefore, that his unfair and untruthful statement created a perfect storm of indig- nation. Col. Lefferts of the Seventh, Col. Varian of the Eighth, and the commanding officers of the other regiments, including the Twenty-second, published official statements that their regiments had never been asked to remain in the service, but on the contrary, had volunteered to stay over their time and had even had difficulty in obtaining permission to do so. To these, no rejoinder was ever made. The return of the Twenty-second was most timely so far as they were personally concerned. The Twelfth, who were to follow them the next day, were unable to do so, the railroad being torn up and they were captured with the rest of the garrison at Harper's Ferry, on September 14. If the Twenty-second had remained, it would have shared the same fate, without being of the slightest benefit, for the defence was so mismanaged, that its assistance would not have affected the result. CHAPTER X. GUARDING SPINOLA S BRIGADE. 'T'"* HE Twenty-second was mustered out of the service -*- on September 5, 1862. Its members had hardly doffed their uniforms, become accustomed to sleeping within four walls, and begun to get their business affairs out of the tangle into which they had fallen, through their sudden departure and long absence, when they were again ordered into service. Gen. Spinola had just recruited the " Spinola Brigade," 1,500 strong, which was encamped at East New York, near where the Eastern Park Ball Ground is now situated. The men all had their pockets full of bounty money, and as the General permitted a sutler to run an open bar in the camp, and a number of promises had been made to the men, which they claimed had not been fulfilled, the combination of discontent with whis- key not unnaturally caused an outbreak. This was another case of a new organization placed under green officers, who had not the respect of their men, and were unable to control them. So serious did the matter grow that the New York National Guard regiments were called out, and set at the pleasant work of guard- ing a lot of drunken soldiers, mostly Irish laborers. WtiBiof^ of f^e ^wenfgj^econb QRegimenf 131 This, too, after they had been away from their business for three whole months, and had, in many cases, in so doing, imperilled their situations. On September 14, 1862, the Twenty-second was ordered out "in heavy marching order, as in Virginia," and proceeded to East New York, relieving a detachment of 500 of the Seventh. They served on this duty from September 16 to September 22, 1862. They had a good deal of trouble to enforce order and to keep the men from deserting, and had to shoot two men before they could induce them to obey the sentries. The duty was very onerous. The camp was large, and the guard necessarily heavy. As men were constantly trying to break out, incessant vigilance was required from the sentries. Many of the Twenty-second were unable, after three months' absence, to leave their business, so that the regiment did not muster more than 350 rank and file, to take the place of 500 of the Seventh. Con- sequently the men had to serve on guard every other night, which is exhausting work. The officers of the Twenty-second, appreciating this, made the service as easy as possible for the men, and, as there was nothing for them to do except guard duty, allowed those " off guard " to have their liberty, pro- vided they remained in the neighborhood of the camp. After this had continued for several days, some one of the Twenty-second wrote a letter to the newspapers stating it to be an outrage that a " gin mill " should be permitted in the camp, and that a regiment of the National Guard should be called out to suppress the disturbance which sprung from it. The result of this was a prompt visit from a staff officer of Gen. Dix, 132 ^iBioti^ of i^ ^fwenfgs^econb (Regtmenf the department commander, who closed the bar in the most summary manner, and thereby restored peace and order to the camp. This occurrence naturally caused considerable com- ment in the newspapers, some of which were anxious to know if any of the brigade officers had been profit- ing by the sale of whiskey to the command, the result being that a decided coolness sprang up between these officers and the Twenty-second. Whether it was in consequence of this or not, it is certain that a day or two afterwards Gen. " Dick " Bus- teed (understood to be a political friend of Gen. Spinola), suddenly made his appearance at the camp and an- nounced that he came to "inspect the Twenty-second." " Here was a pretty kettle of fish." Outside the second relief of the guard, which was at the guard tent, and the sentries, the men were scattered anywhere within three miles of the camp, and it was impossible to get them together. Their absence was with the tacit consent of their officers, but if published it might have caused comment. General Busteed was a loud-mouthed politician, nicknamed " Galorious Dick," who had been appointed a brigadier-general by President Lincoln, under the mistaken idea that it would conciliate the New York Democracy. He was utterly ignorant of the military profession, and he was given a first-class " inspection by company " of the Twenty-second, but in such a way that he did not observe the absence of half of the regi- ment. The manner in which this was done was after- wards described in the following article written by the author, then a member of Company A. This was j^tBforg of f^e ^t»eirfB«^econi) QResimenf 133 modeled upon the "New Gospel of Peace," a patriotic and semi-political burlesque pamphlet which at that time was having a great run : A "GALORIOUS" REVIEW. AN EPISTLE TO FATHER ABRAHAM SHOWING HOW A RECENT REVIEW OF YE GALLANT WARRIORS OF YE TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT WAS CONDUCTED BY BRIGADIER GALORIOUS DICK. 1. Now, it came to pass that there abode in the city which is called Gotham a mighty man of war, fierce in aspect and terrible to behold. 2. Now, this mighty man of war was called Dick, but, from his many valiant deeds in fight, had been surnamed the " Ga- lorious, " wherefore the rulers of the people, perceiving the fierceness of his countenance and the loudness of his voice, took counsel together, and said among themselves : "Behold, now we have found the man to lead the people in battle." And they rejoiced greatly, and straightway established him to be a briga- dier over the armies thereof. 3. Now, on a certain day, when the mighty man of war had heard that a certain regiment had mustered their fighting men, and pitched their tents in the plain that is called East New York, to guard the other men of war encamped therein, he said unto himself : 4. " Behold, I will go down and blow my trumpet before these fighting men, and will exhibit unto them the gorgeousness of my apparel, that they may see how mighty I am, and how truly I am surnamed ' the Galorious. ' " 5. So this mighty man of war rose up, burnished his shoulder- straps, and rode upon his chariot; and when he came to the plain that is called East New York, he straightway summoned unto him the leader, that is called the colonel, of the fighting men that were encamped therein, and said unto him , with a loud voice and with a fierce countenance : 6. " Bring up now before me the fighting men that have pitched their tents around about, that I may count the noses 134 35»Bthing necessary for the care and comfort of the horses and drivers. No battery-wagon, forge or blacksmith was attached to the command, -though many of the horses wanted shoes and re-shoeing. The guns also were deficient in equipment; there was but one prolonge and two worms in the whole battery, while buckets, spare poles, shovels, axes, etc., were in many cases wanting. The supply of ammunition also was short. Requisitions for a full and complete equipment had been made, but R. W. GILDER. 1 62 ^tfiforg of i^ ^wenigs^tconi QResimenf up to the hour of starting the needful articles were lacking. This, it will be remembered, was in the second year of a great war. In addition to this the sergeants were not mounted; one pair of horses could not be used on account of a mistake in the harness and another pair had to be led, as they were so balky as to be useless. The battery, therefore, did net start very well equipped. Yet with the exception of Miller's battery (which was worse off) it was the only artillery General Smith had. Considerable difficulty was experienced at first starting as both drivers and horses were green and did not work well together. But after the first mile was passed over everything went on smoothly. So the battery proceed- ed, learning its duties by doing them and being in- structed every night by Lieut. Rufus King of the Fourth Artillery, U. S. A., however arduous the march. Of course, it was not up to a high standard, yet it was able, by the pluck and intelligence of its men, to do with credit, everything that it was called upon to do. Candor requires the statement that almost all the other Pennsylvania troops, and some of those from New York State, were of little value in the field. War is a trade, and hasty levies, undrilled and undisciplined, com- manded by inexperienced officers, in whom they had no confidence, could not, except behind breastworks, be re- lied upon to efficiently oppose the largely superior force of Lee's veterans that were in their front. The men com- posing the new regiments were plucky and confident — more so, perhaps, than more experienced troops would have been under the circumstances. But they were destitute of discipline, and without that confidence in ^ieiovi^ of f0e ^toenfgs^econb QRcsiment i6 o each other which makes effective troops. The great difficulty, of course, was with their officers. The duties which a soldier has to perform in service are often ex- tremely disagreeable, as well as dangerous. Yet, they must be done, and done without hesitation. The habit of command by the officer, and of obedience by the sol- dier, which insures their being thus performed, cannot be acquired at once, and yet it is indispensable to a mili- tary organization. Where it has to be created, as in the case of hasty levies like those of Pennsylvania, the force, however patriotic, is of little military value when pitted against experienced troops. Those orators and editors who point to the lessons of our Civil War as demonstrating the ability of the United States to raise, by a call for volunteers, an army which will be able to defy an invading force of any strength, would do well to study the history of the at- tempt of Pennsylvania to defend herself. This, too, it must be remembered, was in the second year of the War, when all in authority had learned by experience, how troops should be organized and handled. Yet, Pennsylvania did as well, and perhaps better, than any other northern State would have done. It is a mystery to those who were on the spot, and are familiar with the inside history of this campaign, why Lee did not strike a blow at Harrisburg. If he had, it would have been impossible for the force which was defending it to have stopped him, and his path to Philadelphia would have been clear. The show of strength they made was, however, sufficient to hold his advance in check until the progress of the Army of the 164 gisforg of f^t ^twenfgs^econb QRegtmenf Potomac obliged his army to be concentrated at Get- tysburg, and tiius the State was saved.* This want of discipline in the command assembled at Harrisburg was constantly interfering with its move- ments. Remments ordered to march at a certain hour were not ready. Details were not on hand as had been ordered, and as the good regiments could not move alone, all were delayed by those who were behindhand. This was largely done away with during the march across the State, for there is no school for war like war, but it greatly affected the efficiency of Gen. Smith's command. With good brigade officers, who would have been constantly with their regiments, urging them up to their work and supplying by precept and example what was deficient, the improvement would have been still greater. But such officers were conspicuous by their absence. The following extract from the report (No. 406, Vol. 27, Rebellion Records, Series i, Part, 2, p. 211) of Maj.-Gen. Darius N. Couch, U. S. Army, commanding Department of the Susquehanna, states the situation of affairs at Harrisburg when the Twenty-second arrived : Headquarters Department of the Susquehanna, ) Chambersburg, Pa., July 15, 1863. ) Sir : — In obedience to instructions from the Honorable Secre- tary of War, I left Washington June 11, for Harrisburg, in order to assume command of the newly organized Department of the Susquehanna. After an interview with His Excellency Gov. Curtin and gentlemen of his council, an order was prepared and issued to *See Confederate orders, page igo post. ^tefore of f3e ^wenfgj^econb QRegtmenf 165 the department, calling for a corps of troops for State defence. This was in accordance with instructions received from Mr. Stanton. The Governor also issued a proclamation to the people of the State in connection with my order. Comparatively few troops offered for State defence. The President called for volunteers for six months' service, and Gov. Curtin issued his proclamation for 50,000 men. This was on the 15, and men in masses began to assemble at Phila- delphia, Harrisburg, Huntington, Altoona, etc. The militia of Pennsylvania was not organized. Farmers in the threatened parts were directed to remove their stock. flfr -Sit flC ♦ ^ TT T^ Militia regiments from New York began to arrive. New Jersey sent one regiment for three days. Other companies from that State reported at Harrisburg. #■****** The New York militia were mustered into the United States service for thirty days. The Pennsylvanians generally declined to be mustered for six months. Finally, a portion consented to serve during "the existence of the emergency." The heights on the right bank of the Susquehanna, opposite to Harrisburg, were being fortified in order to cover that city and the important bridges. Some of the patriotic citizens of that city volunteered to work in the trenches; others were paid. The colored population were not behind their white brethren in giving assistance. The Twenty-second, by June 20, had become heartily tired of four days in the cars, and it was a great relief when, during the latter part of the afternoon of that day, they were sent across the Susquehanna to Bridge- port. Gen. Hall (N. G. S. N. Y.) was placed in com- mand of the troops who were assembled at this point, to guard the railroad bridge to Harrisburg and the 166 ^tsforg of f^e ^wenfgs^econb (Kegimenf neighboring approaches and fords. This force consisted of the Eleventh, Twenty-second and Thirty-seventh National Guard of New York City, and five regiments from Brooklyn, the latter under Brig.-Gens. Crooke and Jesse Smith. Some of these were stationed in the two forts on the Heights — Fort Washington and Fort Couch, the construction of which was being pushed by a large force of men. The first appearance of the enemy had been at Chambersburg, sixteen miles north of the Maryland line, where 800 cavalry had appeared on June 1 5. These were closely watched by 1 20 First N. Y. Cavalry, under Capt. Boyd, who covered the retreat of Gen. Milroy's wagon-train to Harrisburg. At this time, Gen. Couch reported that there were not 250 organized men in the department for duty. President Lincoln and Gov. Cur- tin then issued their appeals, and masses of emergency- men hurried to arms at Philadelphia, Harrisburg, Hunt- ington, Altoona, etc. On the 1 7, the New York troops began to arrive, and constituted almost the only organ- ized troops under Gen. Couch's command. On the 19, the Eighth and Seventy-first were pushed out to Cham- bersburg, over the railroad.* * Gen. Couch states in Ms report: "The call of June 15 (for six-months' volunteers) brought only seven full regiments The Governor obtained the sanction of the President, and called out 60,000 militia for State service. These rendezvoused at Harrisburg, Reading and Huntington. Up to this time, New York had sent nearly 6,000 men. Col. E. Franklyn, a citizen of Lancaster, had been placed in command of the bridges on the Lower Sus- quehanna, to Conowing, in Maryland, some of which were guarded by citizens partially armed with shotguns. "Five thousand men of the counties bordering on the Juniata filled the passes leading to their homes, and threw up military works. They were an army of bushwhackers commanded by ex-officers. The militia of Penn- sylvania raised to resist the invasion was composed of men from all classes I^tfiforg of fge ^tnenfgj^econb (Regimjnf 167 Much unfavorable comment was excited by the fact that while Pittsburgh had closed its great manufac- tories, to enable its citizens to work on its fortifications, and that 1 5,000 volunteers were at work upon them, the number of those who volunteered to work upon those of Harrisburg were very few. The officers and employees of the Pennsylvania and Northern and Central Railroads did their utmost. So did a few white and colored citizens. But most of those working upon the Harrisburg fortifications outside of the troops were paid men. and professions, and was a fine body of men. New York sent nineteen regiments and one battery, commanded by the following brigadier-generals : Brig.-Gens. Hall, Yates, Ewen, Crooke and Smith. Pennsylvania furnished eight regiments of emergency-men, twenty-two regiments of three-months' militia, five companies of artillery, one battalion of six-months' infantry, two regiments and one battalion of six-months' cavalry and one battalion of three-months' cavalry. " The three-months' men were generally organized between July 4 and 30, of the same month.'' "* \ CHAPTER XV. IN CAMP ON THE SUSQUEHANNA. \ T THILE the Brooklyn regiments were hard at work ^ ^ on the forts, the Twenty-second and Thirty- seventh were sent three-quarters of a mile down the river to a position upon the road from York, up which the enemy were advancing, Gen. Couch's plan being that they should check the advance upon this road, and, if hard pressed, retire into the forts, where a more effectual stand could be made. It was growing dusky when the Twenty-second reached its station, and, in accordance with what proved to be a characteristic of the climate of Pennsylvania during that month, rain began to fall as the sun set, and by the time it was dark a heavy storm was raging. The regiment being without tents, it took possession of a neighboring barn. The barn was very large, but the regiment was 500 strong, and the men were wedged into it like sardines — so tight, in fact, that those who found themselves under one of the many leaks in the roof had to remain quiet under their " douche," and " take it coolly" for the night. The Eleventh and some of the other regiments were without either barn or tents, and slept in the woods all night as best they 168 ^tBforg of f0j ^wenfgs^econii (Regtment 169 could, without any protection whatever. In conse- quence, they were regarded the next day as suffering martyrs by the Twenty-second, the new men in which wondered how they could possibly have lived through the hardship. But a few days were, however, to elapse before the men who thus sympathized with those who were compelled to sleep in the rain without cover, found themselves doing that very thing, and regarding it as a mere matter of course, inconvenient, to be sure, but so commonplace as to be hardly worth mentioning. Tents were delivered the next morning (June 21), and the Twenty-second established a regular camp, near the road, in the manner with which their experiences of the previous year had made them familiar. General orders were issued prescribing the camp routine, similar to those that had been issued at Harper's Ferry. The numerous recruits were instructed, and company and battalion drills were practiced. Strict orders were issued prohibiting cutting trees and all interference with private property. The discipline was strict, no officer was per- mitted to be absent for more than an hour without special permission, and some non-commissioned officers not present at retreat were at once reduced to the ranks. The weather was hot, and the routine soon became monotonous. On June 24, the regiment was sworn in for thirty days. Although the roofs and spires of Harrisburg were in plain sight, there was but little desire to visit it. Its residents had not received the New Yorkers with the enthusiasm they had expected, and which they had re- ceived in Philadelphia. Besides, its storekeepers were unable to resist the temptation to make money out of I JO %iBiot^ of i^ ^wcnigs^cconb QRegtmenf their defenders, and put up their prices to " all that the traffic would stand." Fifteen cents for a cup of rye coffee, five cents for a glass of water, exorbitant charges for anything that the soldiers wanted,* and an apparent general indifference as to which side would be the victors in the impending contest, soon put an end to any rush for the few passes that were issued. In fact, the members of the regiment thought that the people around Har- risburg treated them no better than had been the case at Baltimore in the previous year. The only accounts that could be had of what was taking place were what were found in the New York newspapers that were re- ceived. These appeared to the regiment to give a more sensational account of the dangers of its position, and of the uprising of Pennsylvania, than its members thought was really the case, and they were inclined to jeer at them. Yet a retrospective consideration of the actual situation, as shown by the Comte de Paris and an examination of the official reports, proves that the newspapers knew more about the matter than did those who were actually guarding the Susquehanna. As a matter of fact, Stuart was raiding up from Maryland, Early was at York and Lee was at Chambersburg, press- ing his army towards Harrisburg, whose capture would break up an important railroad centre, and be a heavy blow to the North. All turned upon the then doubtful question of whether the Army of the Potomac could * The Tribune correspondent wrote : ' ' The most o£ them regard us as fair subjects for speculation. From the shopkeepers of Harrisburg to the border it was the same. Sixty-two cents for a pair of common cotton socks (worth perhaps twenty-five cents), and that in the capital of such a State as Pennsylvania; fifty cents far a loaf of bread, 5 cents a. piece for eggs, twenty-five cents for a pie about four inches square, and other things in proportion." Tribune Letter, July 14, 1865. j^iBforg of tde t^tni^'-^icovib (Kegtmenf i 7 1 intercept him, and would succeed if it did. Gen. Meade was looking to Couch's command to hold the river until he could overtake Lee (see Meade's report, infra page 255), but Couch's ability to do so was very doubtful. The anxiety at headquarters is shown by the following telegrams : Gen. Couch to Secretary Stanton : Harrisburg, June 22, 1863. In case the rebels advance in large force I believe we can prevent them from crossing. * • * You will readily under- stand what kind of a force I have when a few regiments, with a sprinkling of nine months' men in them, are the veterans. The New York troops look well, but are without much confidence in themselves. My little artillery is all raw ; my cavalry the same. Gen. Couch to Gen. Hallock : Harrisburg, June 25, 1863. I have nothing reliable as to rebel infantry in the valley to- day. Their cavalry advance is within five miles of Carlisle. * * * Most of the men that rushed to arms at Altoona and South are rushing home. Gen. Couch to President Lincoln : Harrisburg, Pa., June 25, 1863. They have not up to this time made any show of attack in force. They have been burning bridges on the Northern Central road. I may have lost 400 men in the vicinity of York and Gettysburg. Probably 15,000 men within a short distance of my front. Gen. Wm. F. Smith to Gen. Couch : Bridgeport, June 28, 1863. It is reported that the rebels are moving to the right, which would bring their attack here near the bridges. *• * * j hardly think there will be much fighting to-day. I 7 2 %iBiot^ »f f0e ^ttjenfgs^econ?) (Regiment Same to same. Same date : I have made all the dispositions I can here. I am weak above and below the bridges, and could find use for two more regiments, if you have them. Col. M. A. Reno (chief of staff Gen. Smith) to Gen. Couch : Bridgeport, June 28, 1863. The general commanding directs me to send the following information : A citizen from Carlisle, just arrived, reports that the enemy, with 35 pieces of artillery, 2,000 cavalry and 14,000, infantry, entered the place last evening at 7 o'clock. From information received from the enemy, he says Gen. Hill is the support to the cavalry that has been operating in York County, Gen. Ewell sup- porting the cavalry in Cumberland County. They propose a junction of their forces at this point, and are supplied with a pontoon train. Gen. Smith to Col. Coppee : Bridgeport, June 28, 1863. Are there no troops at Mount Union or Bedford that could be gotten here to-night ? Capt. T. N. Potter, A. D. C, to Gen. Smith : As many men as it will be possible to get will be sent from Camp Curtin as soon as possible. (Confidential) Asst. Adj. -Gen. Shultz, Department Susquehanna, to Capt. L. E. Wilson, Asst. Q. M.: Harrisburg, Pa., June 28, 1863. The major-general commanding directs that you have suffi- cient conbustible materials taken over to the west end of the public bridge, and there placed, under the direction of Gen. Smith, in such places that the bridge, if necessary, can be fired at a moment's notice. Combustible materials of any kind can be used. Turpentine, tar, shavings, etc., would be the best. Without delay. ^tBfotrg of f5e ^wenfgs^econb (Hegimenf 173 Before the jokes in regard to the "false alarms of the papers " had died away, a stream of " skedadlers," small at first, but steadily increasing, began to sweep by the camp of the Twenty-second, and in a short time every road leading to the bridge crossing to Harrisburg became blocked, by day and night, with fugitive farmers, driving their flocks and herds, and followed by wagons, piled high with their most precious household goods, showing that the enemy were rapidly approaching. Horses became such a drug in the market that several officers purchased them for from $ i o to $ 1 5 each. Still, matters in the regimental camp remained quiet, but all were on the alert. On June 25, the necessity for an experienced com- mander having become apparent. Gen. William F. (Baldy) Smith was assigned to the command of all troops south of the Susquehanna, in the vicinity of Har- risburg. That same day the regiment was surprised at the reappearance in camp of several of their men (in- cluding Edward C. Homans and J. Ludlow Dumont) who had a few days before obtained a few days' furlough, to close up some pressing business in New York. They had found, on arriving there, such circumstantial reports of the prospects of a fight at Harrisburg that they had let their business go, and hastened back at once to share the fortunes of the regiment. CHAPTER XVI. FORTIFYING BRIDGEPORT. /^N June 26, the stream of horses, cattle and terrified ^-^ farmers became so great that it seemed as if a second Exodus was at hand. The fugitives talked as if a million of Lee's army was within gun-shot. The members of the regiment considered that they wee cowards, and paid but little attention to their stories, which seemed to them to resemble the fables, that Jackson was coming up the valley, that used to be daily brought into their camp at Harper's Ferry. But those reports really had a considerable foundation, and the general officers appreciated it, though the men did not. Orders were issued to all the troops to be in readi- ness to move or attack at a moment's notice, and all commandants of forts were required to see that their guns were in position, and provided with ammunition. The Twenty-third (Brooklyn) was sent out upon a reconnoissance four miles out on the Carlisle road, and was called in on the 27. That night, some spies, who had, for some inscrutable reason, concealed themselves in the camp of the Twenty-second, endeavored to escape under the cover of the night. They were detected, but safely ran the gauntlet of the fire of every sentry that 174 J^tBforg of f^e ^tatni^i^econii QRegimmt i 75 could get a shot, while the regiment, aroused from its sleep by the firing, sprung at once to arms, expecting to be attacked. On June 27, the report came that the enemy were only four miles off, but as Company C (Capt. Post) and G (Capt. Howland) were holding a picket-line five miles out, and had not been driven in, the report was received by the Twenty second with a slight discount. There was no doubt, however, that the invaders were near enough. Forty rounds of cartridges were issued to each man, and all that portion of the regiment not on picket was set at work throwing up a line of rifle pits to com- mand the York road. They worked vigorously until 2 p. M. with the zeal which the occasion called for, and by that time had completed quite a respectable entrenchment. The men had been a good deal an- noyed by the conversation of the proprietor of the farm upon which they were camped. His politics were of a pronounced " Copperhead " stripe and had allowed them to affect his common sense so much as to lead him to frequently declare "that he did not believe there were any rebels in the State and that the whole affair was an election dodge of Andy Curtin." It was there- fore quite a satisfaction to the New Yorkers who had listened to these declarations, to dig a large rifle pit across his nice garden, as a practical demonstration to him that the situation had not been exaggerated by the patriotic Governor of his State. In the afternoon the Twenty-second was given a rest (?) by being set to cut down a grove of large hickory trees which screened the road from the fire of the guns of the fort. The men had by this time become I 76 ^tBforg of f^e ^wenfgs^econb (Regimenf impressed with the fact that the resemblance between digging a rifle-pit on a hot day and a laborer's work in excavating a sewer was very close, and they were glad to exchange it for chopping, " which was more Hke fun." Several boxes of new axes were furnished, and they fell to the new work with zeal. Col. Aspinwall himself setting the example. There had been no woods to fell at Harper's Ferry, and candor compels the statement that what the men did not know about chopping, would fill many books. The idea of "taking out a chip," the fundamental principle of chopping, was unknown to all but a few. Moreover, the axes were not properly fastened to the helves, and the way they flew off, made proximity to the working parties quite exciting. The surrounding population volunteered their aid to the number of four (?), two of whom were negroes, but none the worse choppers for that. The emergency was great and a guard was detailed by Col. Aspinwall which impressed all the able-bodied civilians that could be found, and, with them for examples, and under the pressure of company rivalry, the big hickories were soon crashing in all directions, causing telegrams of " heavy firing at Harrisburg " from enterprising corre- spondents to go flying North over the wires. At 7 p. M. the regiment stopped, with blistered hands and muscles aching from the unaccustomed labor, and re- turning to camp, were soon plunged in a dreamless slum- ber, although sleeping in their clothes and on their arms, so as to be able to respond in an instant, if called upon. No alarm, however, broke the stillness of the night. On the morning of Sunday, June 28, a detachment from Company G, and some of the other companies, ^tBforg of f^e ^ttjenfgs^wonb (Hegimenf i ; 7 composed of men who had not been able to march with the regiment, arrived from New York and reported for duty. The same morning the Twenty-seventh Penn- sylvania Volunteers passed the camp and reported that the enemy were but three miles off, so that matters assumed quite a serious aspect. At noon the Twenty- second assembled in front of the colonel's tent for reliff- ious service, feeling rather more disposed to be pious than usual, for none knew what might occur before another day was passed. Those services never took place. The men were in their positions, their prayer-books distributed, the chaplain had risen, and was on the point of announcing his text, when the colonel dashed up at full gallop, with the order, " Go back to your company ' streets ' and strike tents at once." The men rushed back to their quarters and prep- arations for breaking up camp went on in the great- est possible haste, in the midst of which the chaplain disappeared, never to be seen by the regiment until its return. That the situation was most serious, is shown by the following telegrams. Gen. Couch to Secretary Stanton : Harrisburg, Pa., June 28, 1866. By night the rebels will have possession up to my defences on the river. My information is that there are 15,000 in or near Carlisle and 4,000 or 8,000 from Gettysburg to York and Hanover. Tlieir advance has just opened with artillery, four miles from my defences. In his official report Gen. Couch states : On the evening of the 22, the rebel cavalry advanced upon Chambersburg, followed by heavy masses of infantry and 1 78 W)iBiot^ of f5e ^ojenfg^^econi) (Resimmf artillery. It was the head of their army under Gen. Lee. A part of Ewell's corps advanced toward Carlisle, which place they occupied on the 27 and 28, by 12,000 men, our forces under Brig.-Gen. Knipe falling back to near Harrisburg. The remain- der of Ewell's corps (8,000) crossed from Chambersburg to Gettysburg on the 16, drove in our scouts with their supports with a loss to us of 176 men missing and prison'ers of the Twenty-sixth Emergency regiment. From that place the enemy moved in the direction of York. The chief burgess and a deputation of citizens met this force nine miles from town and formally surrendered. It was occu- pied by Gen. Early on the 28. A body of 2,500 of the rebels immediately pushed toward Columbia, drove in the troops at Wrightsville, under Col. Frick, who retreated across the river and burned the bridges. Same day their advance approached to within three miles of Harrisburg, engaging our pickets and reconnoitered the works. Col. Tomas, Twentieth Regiment, in charge of bridges near York, retired toward the Susquehanna. But to return to the Twenty-second. Company D (Capt. Thornell) was ordered down the York road to relieve the companies on picket, and, in obedience to subsequent orders, threw up a line of rifle-pits across the road to defend the position. Here they remained, lying on their arms, until they were ordered in on the morning of the 30. In a few minutes the regimental camp was struck, and shelter-tents and more cartridges were distributed. Knapsacks were packed, and the men marched away little thinking, as they took leave of the pleasant spot, where their nice new tents were being loaded in wagons pressed for the occasion, of the length of time that would elapse before their heads would get under their (or any other) shelter again. Perhaps if they had, the leave-taking would have been more affecting. ^^iBforg of i^ ^tMenfgs^econb (Hegimenf 179 During that Sunday the Twenty-third and other troops in the forts were drawn up in line of battle and assigned to places at the breastworks where arms were stacked. Squads were sent out to demolish buildings in front of the forts, cut down trees, bushes and corn, and to mow the wheat, so as to leave no cover for sharp- shooters. In Harrisburg the State archives were packed up and sent off to Philadelphia. The following is an extract from the diary of Theo. D. Rand, of Landis' Battery, made by him at the time and shortly after written out : Sunday, June 28, we drilled before and after breakfast. At half past ten we had Divine service read by our first lieutenant, a remarkably fine officer, and one unusually respected by the men. The service was very impressive, and I believe will not soon be forgotten by those who participated in it. After service the ammunition was examined and the dinner served. In the midst of it we were ordered to the guns^ an advance of the rebels being expected. The regiment of infantry which had been down the valley under Gen. Knipe, came pouring into the fort with reports of the near approach of the rebels. In an incred- ibly short time all the guns were manned and all the infantry drawn up in line of battle behind the parapet — a fine sight. The rebels were but three or four miles off. We could hear their firing distinctly. In front a heavy force, armed with axes, was levelling all the trees within close range, and the clang of the axes, mingled with the crash of the falling trees, made a sad music, for a beautiful landscape was being shorn of its great- est ornament and these seemed like its moan. That night we slept at the guns, indeed we did not leave them until Tuesday evening. On Sunday evening we watched for some time a bright light in the south — the burning of Columbia Bridge — though at the lime we had no idea of what it was. i8o Jgtsforg of f^e ^wenfgs^econb (Regimenf While some of the companies of the Twenty-second remained to hold the rifle-pits, Company G was sent out, in light marching order, about three miles down another road. The other companies marched to Bridgeport Station, oppo- site Harris- burg, and pro- ceeded to bar- ,-=- ricade several buildings com- ^ manding the approaches to the important railroad bridge at this point, with as much industry as though they had not done a thing for a week. Companies A (then commanded by Lieut. Fuller, Capt. Otis being temporarily absent) and I (Capt. Gardiner), with beams, barrels of earth, bundles of lath, railroad sleepers and sand-bags, by lo o'clock p. M., had converted the engine-house of the Cumber- land Valley Railroad, in which they were stationed, into a loop-holed and casemated battery, to protect two how- itzers of Miller's battery (w^hich was attached to the Eighth N. Y. N. G), placed there to command the rail- ' road. The other companies were similarly occupied in different adjoining buildings. All the other regiments were also hard at work. The rock cut of the Northern Central Railroad under the fort was barricaded, rifle-pits constructed on the top of the cut, and in several other positions occupied by the jfi JfQ ^tBforg of f^e ^tttentgs^sconb (Resimenf i8i troops. The narrow pass of the Northern Central Raih'oad and the road at the end of North Mountain, on the river, a mile below the bridge, was filled by a small work of rock, earth and sand-bags, making a strong position. In the more laborious parts of the work of fortitying the round house, lifting railroad sleepers and carrying sand-bags, the detachment of the Twenty-second assigned to it was assisted by a detach- ment of negroes from the large body at work on the fortifications, who were put under the command of the writer; and it was really touching to see the patient, uncomplaining way in which these poor men worked. All the preceding night and day, with scanty covering, they had toiled, digging, carrying heavy beams and sand-bags, and though almost wearied out, without the slightest compulsion, and without the use of a single harsh word, they still continued late into the night. The white laborers from Harrisburg had long since abandoned the toilsome work ; the weary soldiers stopped at nine o'clock, but the negroes kept on until near midnight. During the night, the detached companies of the regiment were drawn in, and joined the others at Bridgeport. A supply of bread and apple- butter was also issued. Several of the companies com- plained that they had found water scarce, and that some of the farmers had demanded payment for the use of their wells. At lo o'clock p. M., the Twenty-second and Thirty- seventh were cautiously awakened, and marched stealthily out to cut off the enemy's advance guard of cavalry, re- ported to be reconnoitering in their front. It was an imposing sight to see the long column dimly and silently 1 82 l^tsforg of f0e ^weni^'^uonb (Regtmenf Stealing down the roads and through the varying shadows of the night. Not a sound was heard ; orders were given in a whisper; and as the troops drew near the position supposed to be occupied by the enemy, the silence was so profound that the heavy breathing of the men was distinctly audible to their comrades. After a march of five miles, whispered orders were passed down the line, and, amid a death-like silence, the regiments halted and formed line of battle, fixing bay- onets and freshly capping their pieces in readiness for instant service. Every eye was strained, through the darkness, to discern the patrols of the enemy in the wavering shadows of the woods and fields, and every ear was stretched to its utmost tension to catch the ex- pected challenge. But the silence was unbroken, and after a few moments' halt the column proceeded, feeling its way with the utmost caution, and expecting at every instant to hear the volley which would announce that the advanced pickets had been encountered. But this caution was unnecessary — the enemy had fallen back, and there was nothing to be seen. The movement was well managed, and only wanted one thing to be a magnificent success — that was, an enemy. " As there wasn't anybody to be captured, we could not capture anybody;" so, after marching out some five miles past the pickets, the regiment returned without seeing anything, and at 4 a. m., after a six-hours' march, lay down by the railroad track to catch a brief rest. Many, however, were so tired and cold that they could not sleep. Company B (Lieut. Remmv) was not allowed even this rest, but was ordered to return to the picket station, down the New Cumberland road, from /»„«-,. runit^.i „/ ^„,/;,y /^/^ ^^^.y. -/j '83 ^xBiot^ of t^t ^wenfgs^cconb (Resimenf 185 which they had been recalled to join in the expedition, and which point they did not reach until 7 a. m. June 29 was stormy, but the work went on. Gen. Ewen posted a section of Landis' battery on the York road, supported on each side by the Eleventh and Thirty-seventh. The Twenty-second awoke at daylight, and was held in reserve, continuing the work of clearing the woods and completing the rifle-pits, some of the detailments working upon the latter the entire night. Those not at work sheltered themselves in an unfinished building, or under the bridge, where the headquarters were established, consisting of three shelter tents and the reserve ammunition. A detachment from the Eighth, Twenty-third and Fifty-sixth N. Y. N. G., 150 strong, was sent out to Oyster Point, where it remained until after the affair of the Twenty-second on July i, being fired on by Jenkins' advance. In the evening a portion of the Twenty-second marched out a short distance, and encamped in a beautiful grove ; and at 10 o'clock at night the left wing marched out about five miles, to endeavor to feel the enemy's advance, but did not encounter it. CHAPTER XVII. HARRISBURG IN DANGER. nPHE labor of so many men had by this time done -*■ much to strengthen Harrisburg and remove the danger that it might be taken by the sudden dash of a raiding force. But it is very doubtful if the fortifica- tions could have withstood the attack of a heavy body of veteran troops. The forts were hastily constructed, and without abattis to stop a charge. Fort Washington, the main defence, was an earth- work enclosing about sixty acres, situated on a com- manding hill immediately in front of the Harrisburg bridge. The position was strong, as there was on each flank a steep hill, while on the rear was a cut thirty feet deep of the Northern Central Railroad. This fort was defended by twenty-five pieces of field artillery, mostly 6, lo and 12-pounders. There were other supporting works on neighboring hills, but not sufficiently completed to be of any practical service in the defence. The troops on the south side of the river were under the command of Brig.-Gen. Hall, N. Y. N. G., who has been heretofore referred to, and whose staff was little better than himself. The guns intended to defend the left flank of Fort Washington, a vital part of the defence, were old- 186 ^teforg of f0e ^wenfg'^econb QRegimeiif 187 fashioned brass pieces, badly out of repair. At the foot of the hill, immediately in front of the guns, was a road which led to the Harrisburg bridge. The defence of this road was of the utmost importance, as the rebels, by burning or holding the bridge, would cut off all communication with Harrisburg. Notwithstand- ing this, these guns could not be depressed so as to strike within 300 yards of it. These guns were at one time changed for twelve-pounders, but on Sunday, when the artillerists in the fort marched out for drill at the guns, they found the twelve-pounders removed and the six- pounders in position again. To add to the difficulty, the six-pounder ammunition had been taken, thereby leaving six-pounder guns with twelve-pounder ammu- nition, although on this day it was confidently expected that the rebels would attack the fort. Capt. Muhlen- burg, U. S. A., was then appointed chief of artillery, and soon set things straight, placing long-range guns in positions where long ranges could be had. Not only were there few guns, but not a shot had been fired from a single one of them, and the inexperi- enced troops who manned them were ignorant of their ranges. Moreover, the whole force was small in com- parison with the work it was expected to perform. That a strong force of veterans was in immediate prox- imity was known to those in command, and they were much more nervous than their subordinates, who knew but little of the situation. On June 29, Gen. Couch telegraphed to Gen. Meade from Harrisburg: My people driven over Columbia bridge. It is burned. I hold the opposite side of the river in strength at present. I am 1 88 gtBforg of f^e ^toenfgs^econb QRestmenf looking for a considerable destruction on all railroad lines. Twenty-five thousand men are between Baltimore and this place. I have only 15,000 men, such as they are, on my whole line, say 9,000 here. The following telegram from Simon Cameron, ex- Secretary of War, to President Lincoln, shows the in- tense apprehension entertained by Pennsylvanians : Harrisburg, June 29, 1863. We have reliable and undoubted information from three distinct sources that Gen. Lee has nearly, if not quite, 100,000 men between Chambersburg, on the upper side of South Moun- tain, and Gettysburg, on the east side of the mountain and the Susquehanna River. His columns at present extend from Ship- pensburg to near Harrisburg, and from Gettysburg to near Columbia. They have over two hundred and fifty pieces of artillery, by actual count. Within the next forty-eight hours Lee will cross the Susquehanna River, unless Gen. Meade strikes his columns to-morrow, and compels him to concentrate his forces west of the Susquehanna for a general battle.* Let me impress upon you the absolute necessity of action by Meade to-morrow, even if attended with great risk, because if Lee gets his army across the Susquehanna, and puts our armies on the defensive of that line, you will readily comprehend the disastrous results that must follow to the country. For the purpose of impressing upon those who, like the Twenty-second, had rushed to the front to defend the Union, that the country appreciated their services, the following order was promulgated from the War Department, and had a great effect upon the esprit du corps of the troops : * That this was Lee's intention appears by the Confederate reports printed at page igo post. J^tefotg of f6e ^i»enfe«^econb QRegimenf 189 War Department, Adjutant-General's Office, Washington, June 29, 1863. General Orders No. ig§. The Adjutant- General will provide an appropriate medal of honor for the troops who, after the expiration of their term, have offered their services to the Government in the present emergency ; and also for the volicnteer troops from other States that have volunteered their services in the States of Maryland and Pennsyl- vania* By order of the Secretary of War. E. D. TowNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. Like many other promises made by the nation, this was not kept, and the medals promised were never issued. The writer once spoke to Gen. Grant upon the sub- ject, who promised to do what he could to see that this promise was fulfilled, if he was furnished with an official copy of the order. But, although the writer several times sought to find it, both in the War Department files and those of the newspapers, he was unsuccessful until he encountered it in looking over the Rebellion Records to prepare this narrative. An endeavor was made by a committee representing the different regi- ments that served in this Campaign to induce the Fifty- fourth Congress to pass a resolution to authorize the issue of these medals, but it failed. That the Confederate forces had fully reconnoitered the defences at Harrisburg, and were at this time about to attack them, is shown by the following extracts from the official reports of their commanders, which are pub- lished in the Rebellion Records. Gen. R. E. Lee states ♦ Rebellion Records, Series i., Vol. XXVII., Part 3, p. 414. I go ^gtBforg of i^t ^wenf^s^econb QResimenf in his report of the Maryland campaign (27 Rebellion Record, Part 2, p. 307): Preparations were now made to advance to Harrisburg, but upon the night of the 28, information was received that the Federal Army, having crossed the Potomac, was advancing northward, * * " it was resolved to concentrate east of the mountains. Accordingly, Longstreet and Hill were directed to proceed from Chambersburg to Gettysburg, to which point Gen. Ewell was ordered to march from Carlisle. Gen. Ewell had arrived at Carlisle on June 27, with the divisions of Gens. Rodes and Johnson, preceded by Gen. Jenkins' Cavalry. He states in his report : On the afternoon of June zi, I received orders from the Commanding Gen. (Lee) to take Harrisburg and on the follow- ing morning marched and reached Carlisle on the 27. * * * From Carlisle I sent forward my engineer, Capt. H. B. Richard- son, with Gen. Jenkins' Cavalry, to reconnoitre the defences of Harrisburg, and was starting, on the 29, for that place, when ordered by the general commanding to join the main body of the army at Cashtown, near Gettysburg. Gen. Rodes states in his report : On our arrival at Carlisle, Jenkins' Cavalry advanced towards Harrisburg, and had, on the 29, made a thorough reconnaissance of the defences of the place, with the view of our advance upon it — a step which every man in the division contemplated with eagerness, and which was to have been executed upon the 30; but, on the 30, having received orders to move towards the balance of the army, supposed to be at or near Cashtown, we set out for that place. How the situation was regarded by Gen. Meade was manifested by the following circular : Headquarters Army of the Potomac, June 30, 1 863. The commanding general requests that previous to the engagement soon expected with the enemy, corps and all other Jgisforg of fge $<»enf8s^econ& (Regimenf 191 commanding officers address their troops, explaining to them briefly the immense issues involved in the struggle. The enemy are now on our soil. The whole country now looks anxiously to this army to deliver it from the presence of the foe. Our failure to do so will leave us no such welcome as the swelling of millions of hearts with pride and joy at our success would give to every soldier of this army. Homes, firesides and domestic altars are involved. The army has fought well here- tofore; it is believed that it will fight more desperately and bravely if it is addressed in fitting terms. Corps and other commanders are authorized to order the in- stant death of any soldier who fails in his duty at this hour. By command of Maj.-Gen. Meade. S. Williams, Assistant Adjutant- General. It must be said that the impression created at this time in the minds of the Twenty-second, was that in the incessant hurry and bustle that pervaded everything, there was a great want of system, that there was no great mind overseeing everything and watching that the right man was in the right place. Much of this was certainly unavoidable. Gen. Couch could not see everything done with his own eyes, and was hampered by his subordinates. Yet, the " slack " manner in which matters appeared to be managed, the rushing at a thing for half a day, then leaving that unfinished and going at something else; the subordinates at a loss for orders, and almost everyone doing what seemed right in his own eyes, were the subject of frequent unfavor- able comment, especially among the "thinking bay- onets " of the rank and file. But in justice it must be said that their opportunities of judging were very limited. CHAPTER XVIII. OYSTER POINT. A T about ten o'clock on the morning of the thirtieth •^*- of June, an order came from Brig.-Gen. Ewen for the Twenty-second and Thirty-seventh N. Y. N. G. to prepare for a four hours' march, " nothing to be car- ried but canteens." Orders were given for all men not able to march to fall out and report to the surgeon, but none did so. A hasty roll of the drum, a few hur- ried orders from the officers, the line was formed, and in less than fifteen minutes the regiments were off, leav- ing everything behind them. They never returned from that few hours' march. It is unnecessary to say that this order to march troops in the face of an enemy without their haversacks, and at least one day's rations, was in violation of the established rules of war. How the authorities regarded such an act is shown by the following telegram from Maj.-Gen. Hallock to Gen. Schenck in regard to a por- tion of the latter's command which had been sent for- ward in a similar manner : Washington, July 7, 1863. It is officially reported that troops were sent from Baltimore to Frederick for immediate service, with haversacks and car- 192 %ietox2 of i^ ^wenfgs^econb (Rcgtmcnf 193 tridge-boxes empty. Such neglect and carelessness of the officers sending them forward must be investigated and pun- ished. Gen. Ewen, who was severely criticised for his ac- tion, states in his report that he was ordered (without saying by whom) to march his brigade " without rations for a few hours' service." Assuming this to be correct, yet if he had possessed any practical experience he would have at least required his men to carry their haversacks, and thus have saved them from subsequent great suffering. The object of the march was to cut off a body of cavalry and artillery supposed to be a few miles out. In fact, it consisted of Gen. A. G. Jenkins' brigade of Stuart's Cavalry, which was attached to Ewell's Corps. This brigade consisted of the Fourteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Virginia, the Thirty-fourth and Thirty- sixth Virginia battalions and Jackson Virginia Battery. It consisted of 1,200 mounted infantry and 300 to 400 cavalry, and the battery, all picked men and veterans. Gen. Ewen's Brigade consisted of the Twenty-second and Thirty-seventh, and was accompanied by Gen. W. F. (Baldy) Smith. It marched three miles and formed line of battle in a clover field ; here it waited an hour. As no enemy appeared. Gen. Smith returned with his staff, directing Gen. Ewen to follow. After the brigade had gone about a mile on its return, it was overtaken by a squad of Stanwood's cavalry, who reported having been driven by the enemy, and that the latter were then three miles in their rear. Gen. Ewen at once counter- marched his brigade and went in pursuit, despatching the cavalry in advance. 194 i^teforg of f^ ^iwenfg^^econb (Regtmenf The brigade passed the place where it had been pre- viously deployed, and proceeded several miles further. The enemy were concealed in a wood on the right of, and about a quarter of a mile distant from the road, and they promptly announced their presence by a volley as soon as the brigade reached the crest of a hill. They had also taken possession of one of the large brick barns for which this section of Pennsylvania is noted, and which they had loop-holed and filled with their skirmishers. The brigade was then in column in the road. It received no orders from Gen. Ewen. Lieut, (now Colonel) Rufus King, Fourth Artillery U. S. A., Gen. Smith's chief of artillery, seeing the enemy's skir- mishers approaching to take possession of a wood on the left, rode up, and, on his own responsibility, directed two companies of the Twenty-second — Company A (Otis) and Company C (Post) — to seize and hold it. They at once deployed and took possession of it, thus covering the left flank of the column. They threw out patrols, who captured a prisoner who turned out to be a badly-scared native, to whom Capt. Otis administered the oath of allegiance, and then sent off for provisions. The rest of the regiment deployed into an open field on the left, and were ordered to lie down, which they did promptly, as the fire was becoming warm. The Thirty-seventh filed by a flank into the field on the right, and passed across a little hill, followed by some com- panies of the Twenty-second. As the leading files came over the brow of the hill, a severe fire was opened upon them, wounding several, among whom were Lieut. Col- gate, who was shot in the neck, and a drummer-boy, who was shot in the hip. The Thirty-seventh was W)iBiot'^ of f^c ^wenfgs^econb (Regimcni 195 ordered to rise and deploy forward. It hesitated to do this, in the face of such a severe fire, and I Company (Capt. Gardner) of the Twenty-second was ordered for- ward by Maj. Grant, of Gen. Ewen's staff, to compel them. The order was unnecessary, for they advanced, and, taking shelter behind a fence, returned the fire. They were at a great disadvantage, as the brick walls of the barn afforded the enemy perfect protection from their shots. Shells now began to fly fast and thick over the Twenty-second, coming from several directions. The regiment, passing to the left, advanced through a wheat field, where they again laid down, expecting they were to attack one of the opposing batteries. The enemy opened a smart artillery fire upon them and upon the companies in the wood. This was aimed too high, so that the shells, although making a great noise in the woods and showering down many leaves and branches from the trees, did no harm. In the field they burst and tore up the ground, but passed over the regiment. One shell burst in the Thirty-seventh, wounding a number, A section of Landis' Battery had been following the brigade, and was then about a mile in the rear. At the sound of the firing it mounted its men on the guns and caissons, and came up on a gallop.'" * George E. Pearce, then the Tribune correspondent, in his account to [^ the Tribune, states: " Just as we gained the crest, crack, crack, went the sharpshooters of the enemy, and down we all went with a rush on our knees in obedience to a command from the officers. Our skirmishers were instantly thrown out, and soon we were responding sharply. The Twenty-second were thrown out on the left of the road and formed their battle line, with Company C (Capt. Post) as skirmishers. This was the position of affairs for about half an hour, when a louder explosion than had yet occurred was heard in the dis- 196 ©ififofg of i^ ^wenfgs^econb QResimmf The section was posted in the centre, one gun in the road, and another behind a house to the right, and opened fire. It was the first time the battery had ever fired their guns with projectiles. In fact, one squad was putting in a rifle-shell fuse first when they were stopped by Lieut. King. Lieut. King showed the men how to cut their fuses, and gave such other instructions as, with men of their intelligence, soon made their fire effective. The first shell burst in the barn with such effect that instantly its two great doors were swung open and a swarm of Confederate skirmishers came rushing out and made for the woods, where the main body was posted. The fire of the section was then directed at the Confederate battery with good effect. After a short time the fire of the enemy slackened and then ceased, and they disappeared. Artillery being then heard on the left, the Twenty- second changed line from front to rear to be in readi- ness to repel an attack from this direction. But this force did not show itself, except by a few cavalry. While this skirmish was of no particular account in itself, it is really historic. It was at the furthest north- ern point which was reached by the invaders, and marks the crest of the wave of the invasion of Pennsylvania. The retreat of the Confederate force there commenced tance, and whirr came a shell directly over our skirmishers, and over the battalion, and exploded just beyond — a beautiful line shot, but a little too high. Things began to look serious, as the shell was followed quickly by two round shot, when just at that moment a rumbling was heard in our rear, and two rifled pieces of Landis' Philadelphia Battery appeared com- ing around a bend in the road. Maj .Cox threw up his hat in delight, and as they wheeled in a cornfield on our right, between us and the Thirty-sevfenth, and opened on the instant, it was with the utmost difficulty the men could be kept from cheering and thus revealing their position to the enemy." 5^tBforg of f0e ^wenf^s^econb (Hegimenf 197 did not end until the Potomac was crossed. The suc- cess obtained must be largely ascribed to the gallant conduct of Landis' Battery, who, from this time for- ward, became the firm friends of the Twenty-second, a relationship which exists between many of the mem- bers of the two organizations up to this writing. The farmers in the neighborhood reported that the rebels stated their loss to be sixteen killed and twenty to thirty wounded.* Gen. Ewen states in his report that a farmer also reported the force on the left con- sisted of 3.500 men with two guns. It is doubtful, however, if Jenkins had more than 1,600 men. It was most fortunate for the brigade that the enemy did not discover the small force opposed to them. Lieut. Whelan of the Thirty-seventh had a brother who was an officer in Jenkins' Brigade. In talking of the affair at the armory of the Thirty-seventh, one night after the War, this brother stated that it was supposed by the Confederates that they were opposed by Couch's entire corps, and they therefore did not assume the offensive. That night, before they learned of their error, they received orders to fall back and join Ewell, who had been recalled by Lee to meet the Army of the Potomac. After a short pursuit, the approach of darkness ad- monished the general in command of the necessity of caution. A halt was ordered, and then orders came to return to Bridgeport. Full of life and spirits, although considerably exhausted by the fatigue of the day, the brigade took up the homeward march. As soon as it * The New York Times correspondent's report states that sixteen dead Confederates were left on the field. 198 %iBiot^ of f3e 'i^mi^'^econ'b Qftegimcnf had been learned that there had been a " scrimmage," a wagon filled with provisions, and accompanied by all the men on guard at Bridgeport who could by any pos- sibility get excused, pushed out to meet the Twenty- second. Upon learning that the regiment was returning, the wagon was stopped some miles out and some of the men began to prepare supper for the regiment, while the others pushed on and reported to their companies. The word they brought that supper was not far dis- tant, put fresh vigor in weary limbs, and at once revived all flagging spirits. Practical experience is necessary to appreciate the great difference in the marching pow- ers of troops after a long fast, whether the men are pro- ceeding towards their supper or away from it. Suddenly an aid rode up with orders to follow up the retreating enemy, and the brigade halted. Then it ap- peared that orders had been given to load up the provision wagon and hurry everything back to Bridge- port so that the men would have supper ready upon their arrival, and that it had departed — another instance of the inefficiency of the brigade staff. Gen. Ewen states in his report : It was then dark. My command had had no food since break- fast and was destitute of rations and blankets. A considerable portion had been working upon' the trenches during the pre- ceding night. I therefore found it impracticable to proceed until rations should be procured, for which requisition was im- mediately made ; but owing to the delay in procuring and pre- paring the same, it was daylight before the meal could be made. In fact, the men were worn out by the hard labor of the preceding days, to which they were unaccustomed. The marching and excitement of the day had also told J^tBtorg of i^ ^wenfg«^econb (Regimenf 199 upon them, and, to add to this, to sleep without cover- ing, and with empty stomachs, on the bare ground, was a severe infliction. It was the more felt because they all considered that it was an act of gross negligence for them to have been sent forward without their haver- sacks ; and, rightfully or wrongfully, they held their brigade commander responsible for their sufferings. Where soldiers feel that their officers are solicitous of their comfort, and all is being done for them that is possible, they will endure great hardships without com- plaint. But if they suppose their officers are neglecting them, their confidence and respect are gone. Napoleon said, "An army marches on its stomach." To get troops to do good work, they must be fed ; and it is as im- portant to see that this is done as to provide them with ammunition. The following official telegrams show the reason for the order for the brigade to press forward, but not for not forwarding supplies. Gen. Couch to Gen. Hallock : Harrisburg, June 30, 1863. As telegraphed previously, part of the rebel forces, if not all, have fallen back toward Chambersburg, passing Shippensburg last night in great haste. I expect to hear every minute that my cavalry, under Gen. Smith, has re-occupied Carlisle. My latest information is that Early, with his 8,000 men, went toward Gettysburg or Hanover, saying they expected to fight a great battle there. At Carlisle they said that they were not going to be outflanked by Hooker. Gen. Couch to Secretary Stanton : Harrisburg, June 30, 1863. Scouts report a force of rebels having left Carlisle this morn- 200 J^teforg of t^ ^<»enf{j«^econb QR«S»wwnf ing by the Baltimore pike, and that Ewell, from York, went northwesterly, which would unite their two forces. Gen. Hallock to Gen. Couch : War Department, Washington, 12:15 p. m., June 30, 1863. Every possible effort should be made to hold the enemy in check on the Susquehanna till Gen. Meade can give him battle. I have no direct communication with Gen. Meade, but he wishes you to be in readiness to act in concert with him. You will probably be able to learn his movements from the country people. He will be close on the enemy's right and rear. As there was nothing else to be done, the men, drenched as they were with perspiration, without rubber blankets, overcoats, or anything under or over them, lay down in the wet grass by the roadside, in the drizzling rain, and slept as best they could, with the exception of Company G, which was detailed for picket diaty, and got but little sleep. The provision wagon of the Twenty-second came back about 2 a. m., and some coffee and hard tack were dealt out to the few who were awake. ^ CHAPTER XIX. THE ADVANCE ON CARLISLE. A T daylight the men awoke and received three "^^- crackers per man and nothing else, a light and frugal repast on which to start on their first long march, with the prospects of its ending in a fight. Gen. Ewen made a brief address, stating that the command was going to Carlisle, where they would again meet the enemy, and the brigade advanced at 4 a. m.. Company B (Lieut. Remmey) of the Twenty-second being deployed as skirmishers, followed by Company I (Capt. Gardner) as an advance guard, then came the Thirty-seventh (Col. Roome being senior to Col. Aspinwall) and then the Twenty-second and Lieut. Perkins' section of Landis' Battery. After proceeding cautiously a few miles, citizens returning from Carlisle to Harrisburg gave information that the force that had been encoun- tered the day before had passed rapidly through Carlisle about daylight, carrying with them a number of killed and wounded in ambulances.* The regiment also learned, at least the men in the ranks did, that the rebel pickets were close to Carlisle. The day was beautiful, though rapidly becoming too warm for comfort, and by ten o'clock it was scorching • Gen. Ewen's report. 202 ^ieioti^ of i^t ^meni^'^tcon'i (Restmenf hot. The route lay through a most lovely country. Scarcely anywhere can the eye rest on finer scenery, more beautiful fields, more comfortable farm-houses, or more magnificent barns (for magnificent is the only adjective applicable to those structures) than those of southern Pennsylvania. But the houses were deserted, the farms pillaged, everything of value, everything that could walk, or be eaten or stolen, had been swept away by the invader, and the peaceful population were fugi- tives. The most stringent orders were issued to the brigade against entering the empty houses and against pillage of every description, which were then and after- wards enforced, the temptation being great for the hungry and badly supplied men to help themselves. In fact some of the Thirty-seventh during the night procured blankets and bed quilts from the empty houses, the quilts being of the most variegated pat- tern and presenting a most unmilitary appearance. The men of the Twenty-second were stiff, sore and far from amiable when they started, but after a short time, as the fatigue of the previous night wore off, the excitement of the coming fight began to be felt, and the echoes of song and laughter floated down the column and were taken up and re-echoed from com- pany to company till they died away in the distance, and "all went merry as a marriage bell" — for a time. The roads were good, the air pure, halts had been permitted; there was nothing to find fault with. The people, like those of Philadelphia, were as kind and hospitable as could be desired. In Hogestown, a little village on the "pike," and all along the road, wherever there were occupied houses, the women (and very pretty ^ieior^ of f^e $<»enfg«^econb QRegimenf 203 women some of them were, too) turned out en masse with trays of bread and apple-butter, and buckets of cool spring water for the benefit of the troops, atten- tion which was the more appreciated from its contrast with the customs of Harrisburg. A regiment of Pennsylvania reserves, which had started fresh and well fed from Bridgeport that morn- ing, and had gained on the brigade while it had been retarded by the slow progress of the skirmishers through the tall grain and tangled wheat, pressed on when the rumor began to spread that Carlisle was evacuated, and, in a manner which was not considered to be consistent with either the rules of war or politeness, undertook to push their way past the brigade (which was proceeding by the flank) "to get in ahead of the Yorkers" and win the honors of the victory from those who thought they had borne the burden and heat of the day. This did not meet with the approval of the commanding officers of the Twenty-second. When, therefore, the new-comers pushed up on the right, the head of the column gently obliqued that way close up to the roadside. If they .changed to the other side, a simple " left oblique " rendered passage on that impracticable ; and when they attempted, with profound strategy, to come up on both sides, the order, " By company into line," filled the road from fence to fence with a solid front of men and barred their further progress. Then, letting down the fences, the persistent Penn- sylvanians took to the field, and attempted to pass in that manner. At the sight of this a wild cry of "double quick " went up from the rear to the front of the col- umn, and, breaking into a "double," the brigade swept 204 %iBiox (Re0imenf 213 engagement was momentarily expected, more than three-quarters of the rank and file coolly lay down in their places, and went to sleep. An hour passed, and a cavalryman was seen coming from the south, urging his horse to its utmost speed. At each jump his sabre would fly high in the air on one side and his carbine on the other, while he bent forward over his horse's neck, so that he could have served as a model for a picture of " a frightened vidette." Still, nothing appeared at the south. But in a short time the heavy boom of cannon and the explosion of a shell, brought even the most weary to their feet. At this time Gen. Ewen was en- gaged with a native in discussing the place to put the guns. The native, who was suspected of being a Con- federate emissary, was advising him that there was a much more commanding position a mile to the south. In fact, it was one which would have insured the cap- ture of the artillery. When the firing came from the north, Gen. Ewen characteristically exclaimed : " Verily, gentlemen, it behooves us to look around us." In this his command, for once, agreed with him. Nothing was to be seen in front but the thick columns of smoke ascending in the rear from the other side of Carlisle; and the bright flashes of Hght and the frequent reports of artillery from the hills on the north, showed that the enemy had surrounded the place in overwhelming force; and, without affording to the many helpless women and children who were in it an opportunity to escape, had commenced to shell the town. Fortunately, Gen. Ewen had been apprised that the enemy was ap- proaching before he marched out, and had sent back word to Gen. Brisbane, who ordered the remainder of 2 14 ^tefoire of i^ ^wenf^s^econb (ttegimenf Landis' Battery to proceed, with all possible speed, to Carlisle, and followed it at once with his troops. The following extract from a letter from C. Stuart Patter- son, a member of the battery who was severely wounded during the engagement, gives a graphic account of their experiences : "I shall not tell you the story of the march, for we have both read our friend Wingate's admirable description of it, but will resume the broken thread of my story about five miles from Carlisle. Fatigued by the march, for it seemed long to raw recruits, and the day had been sultry, we had halted in column on the road. I threw myself on the ground and was in a semi-asleep state. How long I had been thus, I know not. When I heard the noise of a horse galloping at speed, I half- opened my eyes to see, pulled up almost on top of me, a horse, white with foam, having for his rider a young officer in an irritatingly nice uniform, and whose face was almost as white as his collar. He hurriedly asked for the brigade commander, and then for the captain of the battery. I informed him that he would find him in the rear of the column, and received for my reply an order to push on to Carlisle with the section of which 1 was temporarily in command, as an attack was expected there. I got ready to move, and by the time the men were mounted, the captain and Corporal Rosen garten, the chief of our section, had come up, and off we started at a gallop. What a ride it must have been for the unfortunates who sat on the limbers and caissons, I can well imagine, for my experience on parade in the city some months before had made me feel forcibly that I could wish my bitterest enemy no worse fate than to ride on a caisson when the horses were trotting. But one of our com- rades was the most unfortunate. " Hans Breitman " (Charles S. Leland), unable to find room on limber or caisson, had, with admirable fortitude, seated himself astride of a gun in the way that sailors are popularly supposed to ride a horse — with his back turned in the direction the column was moving and his arms clasped round the piece ; every jolt (and they were not l^tBfoiTB of f^e ^wenfgs^econb QRestmenf 2 1 5 few nor far between) sent him up about three feet, and, most unluckily for him, the law of gravitation did not fail to operate, and consequently he would descend upon his hard steel saddle with a force that would have drawn from most men some other expression than the (apparently) German air which he con- tinued to hum with the most unbroken good humor. It was almost dusk when we rode into the market-square in Carlisle, received by the cheers of the inhabitants, and, what was more grateful, by their good cheer so generously set out in the market- house. The market-square is the centre of the town, and is formed by the intersection of the Harrisburg-Baltimore Pike with the main street, on which is laid the track of the Cumber- land Valley Railroad. Around this square stand the Presby- terian and Episcopal churches, the courthouse, the jail and the hotel. We found then that the first section of the battery, with the first brigade of infantry, had been sent down the Balti- more Pike in search of the mysterious enemy, to repulse whom our march had been so much accelerated. We halted and dis- mounted with alacrity that would have done credit to veterans. The streets were crowded with women and children, the latter gazing with open mouths or making minute investigations into the contents of the limber and caisson-boxes, and the former mostly engaged in dispensing the generous cheer they had pro- vided. I distinctly remember sitting on the curbstone, with a young lady on each side of me, a piece of bread and butter in each hand and a cup of coffee on my knee. About this time Gen. Smith and staff rode in, the General dressed in a gray walking suit and looking like a country gentleman riding out to inspect his farm. Our friend. Dr. Will's, soldierly appearance caused him, as he was at the head of the staff, to be taken almost universally for the division commander. While I did ample justice to the good fare provided by my fair friends, they reciprocated by telling me of their confident expectations that Gen. Lee could never face the invincible Philadelphia Battery, and that his whole army was undoubtedly in retreat at that very time. I think that comforting assurance had just been given me when I heard quite a loud explosion, and a whiz, as if some- 2 1 6 %iBiox'^ of t^ ^wenfgs^econb (Heefimenf body had been popping off a sky-rocket, and that a tolerably large one, over my head. I think I should hardly have known what it was if an obliging cavalry soldier had not come down the street, apparently in some hurry, and informed everybody thereabout, as well as most of the inhabitants of the neighboring houses (for he spoke loudly), that the " rebs " were firing at us, and then evinced his unfaltering belief in the entire accuracy of his own statement by moving off at a rapid pace in a direction that, if pursued long enough, would have placed him in much closer proximity to the North Pole than to the rebels. What became of him I can't say. But,if Sir John Franklin is ever discovered, I shall make it my business to fit out an expedition in search of my friend of the cavalry, for I have never seen him since. Shot after shot followed in rapid succession, the first few being fired at a considerable elevation and apparently going over the town. Their first effect was to clear the streets of all non-combatants and of some who, if they had had any sense of honor, or even ordinary courage, would have been active combatants. I have in some of the plays and pantomimes, which it has been my good, or ill fortune to see, witnessed some rapid changes of scenery, but no scene in any play, however sensational, was ever trans- formed with the rapidity they displayed, and no stage-clown or ghost ever vanished from the stage with greater celerity, than that of my fair friends, who, in their hurry, forgot to say " good- bye." As my gun was the nearest to the main street, I had the good fortune to wheel into position before my brother sergeants could have time to turn. Gen. Brisbane then directed me to go into battery on the railway track. Thus upon us devolved the honor of opening the ball on our side. I found that the enemy's battery was in position on the outskirts of the town, apparently about 300 yards away from us; my gun was pointed toward them ; on my right, and direct at right angles from my gun, so as to command the Baltimore Pike, were Hart and Williams with their guns, and on my left was Rosengarten, with his gun pointed toward Harrisburg. The limbers and caissons of our four guns were drawn up in rear of my gun and almost filled up the square. In line on the main street, and with their right 217 35tB (Restmenf 239 to be seen advancing to attack us, and I well remember the alacrity and coolness with which the officers and men of your command sprung to attention and awaited the charge. Through the whole night there was nothing to warrant anything but commendation of their conduct. The other two sections of our battery were stationed in the square and had several men wounded, two horses killed and several disabled by the fire of the enem}^ Capt. Landis him- self commanded the guns exclusively. For the purpose of protecting the flanks, it was found requisite that outlying pickets or scouts should be sent as far out to the front as they could go, to give all the notice possible of any advance of the enemy. The service was one of such danger, and the assurance of being "gobbled " by the rebels so great, that the regular cavalry detailed for that duty refused to per- form it. Col. Aspinwall, hearing of this, offered to .supply their places. The offer was accepted, and a detail was made from Company D Twenty-second Regiment (which was one of those guarding the barri- cade across the road), which spent the entire night, without support, patrolling the approaches. For this they were specially complimented by Lieut. King, the division chief of artillery. Why the enemy did not attack and capture the whole command, or at least try to do so, was a mystery to the members of the Twenty-second. The newspapers had published sensational reports of the great uprising of the North, and Gen. Stuart un- doubtedly supposed the whole of Couch's troops were concealed in the village, endeavoring to draw him into a trap. It is known that some of the stragglers who were picked up by the enemy had told the largest stories 240 ]§iBforB of i^t ^wenfgs^econJi (Regimenf they could as to the strength and powers of the " First Division."* It is also stated that farmers who had been asked as to the time taken for the column to pass, named so many hours that Stuart thought that the force must be a large one, not calculating that the farmers had counted the stream of worn-out men who had followed the column as fast as they regained their strength. His report page 223 ante shows that he feared that the failure to return his fire was a trap to draw him into the town. After two hours cannonading, the firing ceased and the demand for surrender mentioned in the official re- ports was renewed. When it was refused, firing was re-opened. It had now become a clear moonlight night. A por- tion of the artillery was so near that the commands of the officers could be distinctly heard by the companies of the Twenty-second, which were in the southern part of the town, and the incessant flash and roar of the guns, the "screech" of shells flying overhead, and the heavy • Leland states ; ' ' We were saved by a good, strong, tremendous lie, well and bravely told. There was a somewhat ungainly, innocent, rustic- looking youth in our company, from whose eyes simple truth peeped out like two country girls at two Sunday-school windows. He, having been sent to the barracks to get some fodder, with strict injunctions to return immediately, of course, lay down at once in the hay and had a good, long nap. The rebels came and routed him out, but promised to let him go free on condition that he would tell the sacred truth as to how many of us Fed- eral troops were in Carlisle. And he, moved by sympathy for his kind captors, and swearing by the Great Copperhead Serpent, begged them to fly for their lives— 'for twenty regiments of regulars, and Heaven only knows how many volunteers, had come in that afternoon, and the whole North was rising, and trains running, and fresh levies pouring in.' " (Leland Memoirs, pp. 253, 254.) %iBiot2 of f0e 4t»enf8«^econi (Regtmenf 241 jar of their explosion among the buildings in the rear, seemed strangely inconsistent with the calm beauty of the scene. At times it seemed doubtful whether the in- cessant uproar was really the bombardment of a quiet village ; for, during the momentary pauses of the can- nonade, the chirp of the katydid, and the other peaceful sounds of a country summer night, were heard as though nature could not realize that human beings had sought that quiet spot to destroy each other. It must not be supposed that any such sentiment, or, in fact, any sentiment whatever, was exhibited on the part of the Twenty-second. On the contrary, for as soon as it became evident that no immediate attack would be made, the men (with the exception of the pa- trols and skirmishers), whether crouching at the house windows, or lying on their faces in the wet grass, went to sleep with a unanimity charming to witness. They had been told not to sleep, on peril of their lives, but they were so worn out that they could not keep awake, so that finally one-half the men were permit- ted to sleep while the other half watched.* That they were able to do this was largely owing to the inefficiency of the artillery practice. The Confed- erate guns had been placed upon a ridge overlooking the town, and, in the dark, fired high, particularly before the flag of truce was sent in, so that the shells, with the exception of those directed into the square, went over the outskirts of the town where the troops were stationed. Some time before dawn preparations were made to •The, hardest thing of all was to keep the men awake ; and even the skirmishers, so near the enemy's battery that they could see every motion and hear every order given by them, had to keep passing words down the line in a whisper to keep them awake.* • • Pearce's Tribune correspondence. 242 ^tBforg of t^e $t»mf8«^econb (Kegtmenf receive the attack, which it was expected would be made as soon as the first streak of dayhght disclosed the posi- tion and strength, or rather weakness, of the besieged. Officers bustled nervously around, the sleepers were cautiously awakened, and all stood to arms, with the stern determination to resist to the bitter end. Much to their ratification, the announcement that the rebels had retreated, gave them an opportunity to look around and ascertain the damages. From the constant uproar, the screams, thejreport of the bursting shells, the glare of the flames, the smashing of buildings, and the other sounds incident to a bom- bardment, which had greeted the ears of the Twenty- second during the preceding night, they had generally expected that the morning would show the town to be a heap of ruins, and the great majority, both of troops and inhabitants, bleeding in the streets. Never was there a greater mistake. It was really wonderful to think that so much cold iron could be fired into an inhabited place, and cause so little loss of life and limb. To be sure, much property had been destroyed, any amount of houses struck, many greatly damaged. One had a hole blown into it, so it could be seen where a shell had passed into a room and had ex- ploded under a bed. The roofs and windows generally looked dilapidated enough. But, as in the other bom- bardments of the war, the destruction had been far from universal, and the loss of life small. The citizens, concealed in the cellars, and the sol- diers, lying flat behind the cemetery walls and in the fields, had almost entirely escaped the iron tempest. Shells had gone under and over any amount of people, ^iBior^ of f5e ^fwenfgs^econb (Kestmenf 243 but had really hit very few. Some of the townspeople were hurt, but the exact number is unknown. Some of the reserves who were in the streets suffered con- siderably. The Thirty-seventh, always unlucky, had some hurt ; while the Twenty-second, with more than their usual good fortune, got off with one or two slightly hurt. J. W. Morton (B Company) had his foot cut by a piece of shell, but he was the only one who was in- jured enough to go to the hospital. Capt. A. B. Gard- ner ( I ) while going through the town with a message to General Smith was struck in the leg and was obliged to ride on horseback for a few days. General Ewen hav- ing furnished him a horse and temporarily attached him to his staff. The townspeople gave to the newspaper correspondents the names of one killed and sixteen wounded among our troops. This, however, only inclu- ded those who went into the hospitals. Private Scott, of Landis' Battery, died of his wounds. One caisson had a wheel shot away, and ten or twelve horses were wounded, four of which had to be killed or abandoned. The Confederate loss is unknown, but was supposed to have been considerable. One of Landis' Battery, who was taken prisoner at the barracks, reported that the few shots that had been fired had been so accurate that the enemy were obliged to move their guns into an adjoining field, out of range. One shell struck a tree alongside of their battery, another dismounted one of their guns, and a thu'd, ex- ploding over a gun, killed and wounded eight men, and stampeded their horses. The following account of the damage done to the 244 %iBior^ of f^ ^wenf^s^econb QR«0tmenf town is taken from the account written for the Carlisle American by Prof. S. D. Hillman : Shells exploded in houses and in the streets. Main Street, in which one of our batteries was placed, was raked by grape and shell and solid shot. In the midst of the firing could be heard the wailing of frightened women and screaming of chil- dren running about the town seeking places out of reach of the enemy's shot; but most of the families had taken to their cellars, and this saved their lives. It was an artillery duel nearly alto- gether. Sixteen of our soldiers were wounded ; none killed. ******* The Episcopal church received several shots. One shell burst in the Presbyterian church. Some of the houses the balls passed clean through ; in others they passed the first wall and burst inside, shattering doors and destroying furniture. The vacation of the upper rooms alone saved life. Several houses received each from four to six shells or heavy shot. Along the central street of the town the trees and doorsteps are marked by grape, and doors and windows and walls scarred by ex- ploded shell. One ball, shot at an angle with the college wall, cut the stile off the window-shutter, passed in, struck the win- dow jamb of the stone wall, exploded and tore out about two cubic feet of stone and mortar, broke down a door and covered the floor of the room with stone, splinters of wood and mortar. Hundreds of females were on the street looking at and carrying food to the newly-arrived soldiers when the shells began to fall amSng them. It seems like a miracle that they escaped. From careful inquiry I estimate that about twenty shells exploded inside of private dwellings. Capt. Asa Bird Gardner (subsequently Assistant Judge Advocate-General U. S. A.) subsequently re- ceived a medal of honor from the Government for his services on this occasion. When daylight broke the detachment that occupied the southern house "fell in," but only to be confronted with a novel adversary. The female proprietor ap- peared and viewed with a housekeeper's consternation the condition of her home. No particular harm had been done, but the furniture was piled in the corners, the beds rolled up and placed at the windows to protect the sharp-shooters, the carpets were covered with mud, and the place looked as if a cyclone had struck it. It must also be confessed that all the bread and some pre- serves were missing. Planting herself in the hall, she announced that " not a man should leave that house un- til she had been all over it and seen just what damage had been done." The spectacle of one woman, however angry, facing seventy armed soldiers was peculiar. Capt. Otis tried to expostulate, but without avail; the lady held her position. So he ended the discussion by the command "forward march," at which the company shouldered past the irate lady, leaving her sill scolding. On the afternoon of July i, Gen. Knipe's brigade, consisting of the Eighth and Seventy-first, N. Y. N. G., marched from Bridgeport in support of Gen. Ewen, and was followed by the rest of the division. Gen. Knipe being an experienced officer, they started with two days' cooked rations, knapsacks and blankets, and were al- lowed halts. At 10 o'clock they camped in a field thir- teen miles from Carlisle, and witnessed the bombard- ment, expecting that the town would be captured. It they had marched towards the firing and come in upon Stuart's rear, they would have accomplished great results. Gen. Ewen states in his official report: We remained at Carlisle during the second and third of July. The Eleventh Regiment, N. G. , re j oined my command at the latter date, having arrived with the remaining troops of the division. 246 ^isfoire of f^e ^toenfg'^econb (He0tmenf consisting of three regiments, N. G. S. N. Y. of New York City, under command of Brig.-Gen. Knipe, three regiments, com- posing the Eleventh Brigade, N. G. S. N. Y. of Brooklyn, com- manded by Brig.-Gen. Jesse C. Smith, and a section of Landis' Battery * — the whole under the command of Gen. Knipe. This column, it appears by the annexed communication from Gen. Jesse C. Smith, left Fort Washington for Carlisle on the afternoon of the day my command marched from Oyster Point, July 1, arriving on the 3. They " heard heavy firing in the di- rection of Carlisle " before halting, and saw " the light from the burning barracks at that place." The column halted about 9 o'clock at night, "Gen. Knipe going forward to see if he could get communication with Gen. W. F. Smith, then at Car- lisle, about thirteen miles distant, and did not return until 2 o'clock in the morning. At 3 o'clock, Gen. Couch, pursuant to whose directions my command of two small regiments, about 900 men and two field pieces, had been ordered to follow up the enemy the preceding night, without rations or blankets, and while deemed to be engaged with the enemy, sent peremptory orders for this command to return to Fort "Washington. It is but just, however, to Gen. Couch to say, that at the time of giving such orders, it was too late for this force to render any assistance to the troops at Carlisle. Had it, however, gone for- ward promptly, and quietly entered the town during the bom- bardment, as it might unquestionably have done several hours before the retirement of the enemy, it could, as a separate dis- posable force, have been instrumental in surprising and effect- ively destroying or capturing the enemy, who could have been surprised and attacked on his left flank or rear from the south side of the town at any time before his retirement. Being a cavalry force hemmed in by the road, a single available regiment might have approached it very closely under cover of the darkness and poured in upon it a very destructive fire." The division was awakened at 2 a. m. the next morn- ing and marched back towards Harrisburg three miles, • This was an error for Miller's Houston Battery (Report of Gen. Jesse C, Smith). Landis' Battery was in Carlisle during the attack. Jgififorg of f^e ^wenf^'^econb (Regtmenf 247 there probably being doubt which way Stuart was going and as to whether Carlisle was not taken. They spent most of July 2 waiting, during which time the men were allowed to scatter all over the country, and in the afternoon instead of being pushed forward as they should have been were marched further north and en- camped. On July 3, they were finally marched to Car- lisle, which they reached at sunset. This, as subsequent events proved, was a waste of valuable time, as Gen. Smith could not move without them, and the delay probably prevented his reenforcing Meade at Gettysburg. The following report from Gen. Haupt to Gen. Hallock shows that the former had accurately grasped the situation and the necessity of hanging upon the rear of the enemy, however great the risk: Gen. H. Haupt, Superintendent of Railroads, to Gen Hallock: Harrisburg, July 1, 1863, 6 a. m. ****** ^ I found that there had been some skirmishing near Harris- burg yesterday, that the forces gathered for the protection of the place amounted to 16,000 men, and that information in re- gard to the movements, position and numbers of the enemy, and arrangements for keeping advised of the same, were ap- parently reliable. It appears to have been the intention of the enemy to attack Harrisburg yesterday. Our forces, supposed to have been Pleasonton's, were resisting their movements, and, T. A. Scott said, had actually succeeded in retarding the advance on Har- risburg, and compelled a retreat. I thought I saw a much more decisive and important move on the tapis. Lee had received information of the removal of Hooker, '■• * * and by suddenly concentrating and falling upon 248 55«Bfore of <6e ^t»cnfe»^econb (Regimmi Meade he could be crushed, when Washington, Baltimore and Philadelphia would all be at the mercy of the enemy. That those at Harrisburg anticipated the capture of the brigade at CarHsle, appears from the official corre- spondence. At 9:15 p. M., on July i, Gen. Hallock telegraphed to Gen. Couch from the War Department at Washington : There seems to be a strong probability of a battle not far from Emmitsburg. It is to be hoped that you will assist Gen. Meade by operating on the enemy's left flank or left rear towards Gettysburg. Gen. Couch replied: Harrisburg, July i, 1863. Dispatch received. I have sent out a force in the direc- tion of Carlisle. It has been attacked by a body of cavalry, at least, and just now things do not look well. In fact, it appears from his correspondence, and still more from his actions, that Gen. Couch was quite in- clined to look upon the gloomy side of things, and it would appear that he could have accomplished much more with his command, unorganized as most of it was, if he had displayed more boldness. The repulse of Lee at Carlisle was very welcome to the authorities; the more so as the foregoing telegram from Gen. Couch shows that it was unexpected. Gen. Thomas, who had been sent to Harrisburg to represent the War Department, telegraphed to Secretary Stanton, at 4:30 p. M., on July 2, as follows : It having been ascertained that the rebels in front of this place were falling back, Gen. Smith, yesterday morning, moved up the Cumberland Valley, with some 2,000 infantry and a bat- tery of artillery, and reached Carlisle, which he found evacuated. Fifteen minutes thereafter, his scouts reported the enemy ad- ^iBiov^ of f3e t^wenfgs^econb (Kegimenf 249 vancing on the York and Carlisle turnpike. He concentrated his force in the town, where the enemy attacked him about 8 o'clock. The force proved to be a cavalry one, with some artillery, under Fitz-Hugh Lee, who, it is said, expected to find the place occupied by rebels. Three several times Lee, by flag of truce, demanded its sur- render, which was as often refused. There was constant skir- mishing and heavy artillery fire. At 10 v. u., Lee fired the barracks, which were destroyed. About 2 he retired on the Baltimore turnpike, toward Papertown. Our loss was trifling, though they may have taken some prisoners from the many stragglers on the march. Gen. Smith's aid, Lieut. Dougherty, in endeavoring to com- municate with Gen. Couch, was captured. Gen. Knipe's force, some 2,000, with a most indifferent battery of artillery, which encamped some nine miles in advance of this, joined Gen. Smith to-day. As soon as it was definitely known tliat the rebels had retreated, the brigade, at 5 a. m., dispensing with the little formality of breakfast, marched to the top of a hill, about a mile south of the town, and formed line of battle in an oat-field. As soon as this was done, the men, exhausted by the twenty-five miles' march of the preceding day, the fatigue of the night, and the want of sleep for several previous days, with one ac- cord, lay down in the blazing sun, and slept till late in the afternoon. About 4 o'clock, some breakfast (or rather supper), in the shape of a little pork and potatoes, was issued; but just as the men were getting ready to eat, the dul- cet notes of the " Assembly " burst upon their unwill- ing ears, and they had to " fall in." Of course they obeyed ; but, not relishing the idea of marching away from the only meal that had been seen for twenty-four 250 ^ieiot^ of i^ ^Djmi^'^econ'b (Regimcnf hours (a thing which they had been compelled to do more than once before), a universal dash was made at the pans ; and the regiment fell in, and marched off, every man with a piece of pork in one hand and a potato in the other, eating away for dear life, and form- ing a ioul ensemble not often equalled. The regiment then marched to an open field near the ruined barracks, and about a mile from the town, where it slept all night without shelter, the rain pouring down in torrents. As most were without shelter tents or blankets, this was far from agreeable. During the afternoon some trains arrived from Harrisburg. With the exception of a little picket duty, the next day was devoted, by all hands, to the most energe .ic rest- ing. A sutler arrived, and his stock disappeared like magic. To some the day was blessed by the receipt of their knapsacks, haversacks, overcoats and rubber blankets (which had been sent on from Harrisburg). Happy few ! But their joy only made more melancholy the condition of the great majority, whose portables still remained behind, safely stowed in Harrisburg — so safely that, as far as the owners were concerned, they might as well have been in New York. In fact, the owners of one-half of them never found them again. The few who received their knapsacks only took a few essentials, and left them, merely carrying a blanket or overcoat rolled. In truth, from the commencement of their " two-hours' " march until the regiment arrived in New York (just three weeks), neither officers nor privates were ever enabled to change even their under- clothing, but soaked by day and steamed by night in the clothes they wore when they started ; which, con- sequently, in no very long time, assumed an indescrib- l^tBforg of <6e ^iwenfgs^econb Qftegtmenf 2 5 i able color and condition. Many managed, by hook or by crook, during the subsequent marches, to beg, bor- row, or " win " some rubber blankets. But at least one in six were without that indispensable article, whose absence renders life on the march " a lengthened misery long drawn out." More than one in four were without overcoats. Plates there were practically none; spoons were very scarce ; and such things as forks, combs and even soap could not be procured. Soap, for instance, it would be thought, could be obtained anywhere ; but, unfortunately, the Confederates were short of soap themselves, and, immediately on entering a place, pro- ceeded to appropriate every square inch of that article that could be found therein, so that when the Twentv- second came along a few davs afterward, nothing saponaceous could be obtained for love or money. The stay of the Twenty-second in Carlisle was pleasant — very pleasant, — for, in addition to the hos- pitable treatment its members received as individuals, the regiment was honored by the presentation of a flag from the ladies of the city, which has since been known and valued as the " Carlisle Flag." Later these same ladies presented Gen. " Baldy" Smith with a silver urn. Some reconnoitering parties were pushed out to the front, and a few of the men made individual reconnais- sances. The enemy's cavalry were found in force a few miles out. One of the patrols got far enough out to witness a lively cavalry skirmish between some of our cavalry and the Confederates. Sergt. Charles G. Dobbs (F Co.) secured a sabre dropped in the contest, which he managed, some way, to bring home, and which con- stitutes at the present time one of his most cherished possessions. CHAPTER XXI. MOVING TO INTERCEPT LEE S ARMY. ' I "HE rest of the troops and the much-needed sup- ■'- plies having arrived, the following orders were Issued : i Headquarters Department of the Susquehanna, Harrisburg, July 3, 1863. General Orders No. 10. This command will march to-morrow morning at daylight, reveille to be sounded at 3 a. m. Gen. Knipe, with his com- mand, will have the advance, Col. Brisbane second and Gen. Ewen in the rear. Capt. Landis' Battery will march at the head of the column, with Gen. Knipe, Capt. Miller's Battery, behind Col. Brisbane's command. A rear-guard will be de- tailed from each brigade to pick up stragglers and will not allow any men from the command in front to fall to the rear. By order of Brig. -Gen. Wm. F. Smith, Samuel Carey, A. A. General. Accordingly, at six o'clock on the glorious Fourth of July, without seeing as much as a single fire-cracker, or hearing an allusion to the American Eagle, or the flag of our Union, the regiment turned its back on civiliz- ation and marched towards Gettysburg, where, although unknown to the command, the greatest battle of the War was raging. Gen. Smith having previously detailed 252 %iBiot2 of f6e ^tnenfgs^econb QRe0tmenf 253 the Twenty-second to remain as a guard for the city, it came very near being ingloriously left behind. But, at the urgent request of Col. Aspinwall, and to the infinite gratification of its members, it was permitted to accom- pany the column to the front. The Twenty-second now formed a portion of the First Division Department of the Susquehanna, com- manded by Gen. W. F. (Baldy) Smith, which was com- posed as follows : FIRST BRIGADE. Brig.-Gen. Joseph F. Knipe, an experienced volun- teer officer. Eighth N. G. S. N. Y., Col. J. G. Varian, New York City. Seventy-First N. G. S. N. Y., Col. Benj. F. Traf- ford, New York City. SECOND BRIGADE. Brig -Gen. P. St. George Crooke, Brooklyn, N. G. Thirteenth N. G. S. N. Y., Brooklyn, Col. John B. Woodward. Twenty-eighth N. G. S. N. Y., Col. David A. Bokee. THIRD BRIGADE. Brig.-Gen. Jesse C. Smith, Brooklyn N. G. Twenty-third N. G. S. N. Y., Brooklyn, Col. Wm. Everdell. Fifty-second N. G. S. N. Y., Brooklyn, Col. Wm. Cole. Fifty-sixth N. G. S. N. Y., Brooklyn, Col. John Q. Adams. 2 54 W)iBiotf^ of f^e ^t»enfg*^econb QRegtmenf CAVALRY. Pennsylvania Cavalry (two companies). Regular Cavalry from Carlisle Barracks. ARTILLERY. Pennsylvania (First Philadelphia Light) Battery, Capt. Henry D. Landis, 6 guns. Pennsylvania Battery, Capt. E. Spencer Miller, 4 howitzers. FOURTH BRIGADE. Brig.-Gen. John Ewen, New York N. G. Eleventh N. G. S. N. Y., New York City, Col. Joachim Maidoff. Twenty-second N. G. S. N. Y., New York City, Col. Lloyd Aspinwall. Thirty-seventh N. G. S. N. Y., New York City, Col. Chas. Roome. FIFTH BRIGADE. Col. Wm. Brisbane, Pennsylvania N. G. Sixty-eighth N. G. S. N. Y., Fredonia, Col. David S. Forbes. Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania Militia, Gray Reserves, Col. James Chamberlain. Thirty-second Pennsylvania Militia, Col. Chas. S. Smith, Reserves. Thirty-third Pennsylvania MiUtia,Col, W. W.Taylor, Reserves. SIXTH BRIGADE. Col. Jacob G. Frick, Pennsylvania N. G. Twenty-seventh Pennsylvania Militia, Col. Jacob G. Frick. Thirty-first Pennsylvania Militia, Col. John New- kumer. W>iBiot^ of f ^ ^wenfgs^econi QRegtmenf 255 From this time until their return, the adventures of the Twenty-second became identical with those of the remainder of the division. It has often been a subject of comment as to why, when the fortune of the Union was trembling in the balance at Gettysburg, this Division of 9,000 troops had been allowed to remain doing nothing at or near Carlisle and but twenty miles from the battlefield, from the second to the fourth of July. If the battle was lost and Lee pushed northward, they could do nothing to stop his victorious army. On the other hand, if pushed forward, they would have constituted a valuable reenforcement to the hard pressed Army of the Potomac, and, coming up, as they would have done, on the rear or flank of the Confederates, might have turned their defeat into a rout. Still, until Meade had caught up with Lee's army, Couch had a tremendous problem to hold the line of the Susquehan- na, as he was expected to do. Meade's communications with Couch were unreliable, and he did not pretend to interfere with him. Couch was " nervous," and not with- out reason, in regard to letting his forces, most of which were undisciplined, venture too far from his fortified lines. Meade states in his report to Gen. Hallock of June 29 (Vol. 27, Rebellion Records, p. 67): If Lee is crossing the Susquehanna, I shall rely upon Gen. Couch with his force holding him until I can fall upon his rear and give him battle, which I shall endeavor to do. * * * Telegraphic communications have been cut off. • * * i can at present give no orders to Gen. Schenck's Department in Baltimore, or the Potomac in my rear, and, on account of the great distance of Couch, exercise any influence by advice or otherwise concerning the operations of that force. These cir- 2^6 ^ieiox^ of f^e t'^ent^f^tconi (Regtmenf cumstances are beyond my control. On June 30, he tele- graphed Gen. Couch * * * "we shall push to your relief or the engagement of the enemy, as circumstances and the in- formation we receive during the day and on the march may indi- cate. * * '* I am anxious to hear from you." * On July 3, Gen. Smith telegraphed to Gen. Couch from Carlisle : I do not think it possible to march at 12, and with these troops it would be no saving. I need only what I have sent for, and two or three wagons. I think some, which you have fur- nished me, have deserted. As you send militia here, I shall leave no regiment here unless you so direct. My ammunition has not yet come up, and I don't know if my ordnance officer knows enough to bring it. If Reno has returned and would like to come, please send for him. In the meantime the authorities at Washington were restive under the delay, as they had reason to be. At I p. M., on July 3, 1863, Gen. Hallock telegraphed to Gen. Couch: As Lee is concentrating his forces near Gettysburg, against Meade, all your available forces should be thrown forward to the assistance of our main army. Probably this assistance can be best rendered by moving rapidly on Lee's left flank, compelling him to make detachments. Gen. Couch telegraphed to Gen. Smith, July 3: Hallock is anxious for me to send a force to operate by rapid marches on Lee's flank, in order to distract them, etc. Your movement in the direction spoken of will, of course, be j'usi the thing. Keep me advised as to the road, and about your supplies, your line of march, etc. My opinion is, if you go far, you will have to live on what the rebels have left, and in case you are cut off, strike for the mountains or some of the fords. Please let me know, if you can, your force in number. • See page 273 post. gteforg of f 9e ^tnenfgj^etonb (TReatmenf 257 On July 3, Gen. Thomas telegraphed to Secretary Stanton from Harrisburg : Have sent the telegram to Gen. Meade to Gen. Hallock. To-night or early to-morrow, Gen. Smith moves from Carlisle, with force increased to 9,000, toward Cashtown. Secretary Stanton, hov^^ever, was far from pleased, and on July 4, 1863, telegraphed Gen. Thomas : The delay of Gen. Couch in not pushing Smith forward with more promptness to co-operate with Meade, has occasioned some disappointment here. I hope it is susceptible of satis- factory explanation. Gen. Smith states in his report that on July 3 : The troops were waiting for provisions, the supply trains having been prevented from arriving by the occupation of the road by the enemy on the first and second of July. The attempt to procure provisions from the citizens was only partially successful. Supplies arrived by railroad on the even- ing of the third. It M^ould certainly seem that these supplies might have been pushed forward the day before, or gotten somewhere else, even if they had to be taken from the people, and that, under the circumstances, the troops should have been pushed forward and lived on the country as they afterwards were obliged to do so. It is true that the country beyond Harrisburg was swept clear of the few horses that had not been " run off" over the Susquehanna, and had been stripped of supplies by the enemy. Yet at Harrisburg horses were a drug in the market. There it would seem as if a little energy could have organized some kind of a wagon- train, particularly after it was known that the division was going to a region where it could not find suppHes. CHAPTER XXII. THE MOUNTAIN PASSES. " I "HE division marched directly south by the Gettys- ^ burg pike towards Mount Holly, a pass in the South Mountain, thirteen miles from Gettysburg, the leading brigade starting at daylight. The day was clear and beautiful, the roads good, and as the Twenty-second reached the mountains, the scenery became magnificent. Five miles out the command ob- tained a view of the range with which it was soon to become familiar. It stretched across its path, a few miles ahead, like an enormous and apparently impassable barrier. At its base was Papertown, composed of a large mill and a few houses, the inhabitants of which cheered the troops enthusiastically. Stuart's Cavalry had preceded them but two days, and the road was marked by the hoof-prints of their horses. Gen. Smith himself directed the progress, and everything seemed propitious. By noon, the regiment had accomplished twelve miles, almost without fatigue, and took its noon- day rest (for, being under Gen. Smith's direct supervis- ion, the proper rests were enforced), in the shade of the woods which fringed one of the mountain passes, where the steep sides were within one hundred feet of each 2SS %ieiori^ of <5e $i»enfe»^econb (Resjimenf 259 other at the base, part of which was occupied by a brook and the remainder by the road. Here the command eagerly sought information about the battle (which they now learned was in progress) from a few venturesome countrymen who had pushed out to see it, and reported the most terrible carnage — "the dead lying in -heaps." Soon information was had from authentic sources. A de- tachment of two thousand paroled prisoners (principally of the First Corps of the Army of the Potomac), cap- tured in the first day's fight at Gettysburg, among whom were Capt. Dougherty, of Gen. Smith's staff, and a number of stragglers from Smith's division who had been picked up by Gen. Stuart on the Carlisle road, here encountered the column, having been sent in under a flag of truce. Gen. Smith was forced to halt to accept them, as he did not wish their escort to learn the strength of his command. This, however, not only in- volved a delay of two hours, but gave a clue to his peril- ous movement, which was extremely disagreeable. In a telegram sent by Gen. Couch to Gen. Meade from Harrisburg, on July 4, 1863, he states : Gen. (W. F.) Smith's advance in the mountain passes beyond Mount Holly met 2^000 paroled prisoners from your army, under escort. Smith, leing discovered, received the prisoners. I will-send them to camp at West Chester. From the First Corps men it was learned that the division was but a short day's march from the battle- field, and would probably be able to turn the scale of victory if it arrived in time. The prisoners from Get- tysburg all reported that Gen. McClellan was again in command of the Army of the Potomac. This now seems singular. Yet it is unquestioned that the popularity at 26o SiBforj of f^e Cujetrfgs^econi (Restmenf that time of " Little Mac " in the Army of the Potomac caused some of those in authority, to give out on the eve of the battle, that he had been reinstated to encour- age their men. The Twenty-second did not learn for several days that their real commander was Meade, and then did not know who he was. So eagerly were the members of the regiment en- gaged in discussing the chances of the battle, and seek- ing to reconcile the different accounts received, that no one noticed a change in the weather until the rapid drift of black clouds overhead and the dull sighing of the trees warned all that rain was close at hand. In the midst of hurried preparations, it came — not a rain, but a deluge. The lightning was blinding, the thunder deafening.* Hour after hour, in steady perpendicular sheets, the rain descended, so that at times the sides of the gap were invisible. Water flowed down the moun- tain slopes in sheets. In a short time the brook was a torrent and the road through the gap two feet deep in water. In vain were all the ingenious shelters devised by the men. All were soon penetrated, and officers and men were soaked to the skin. In front, bridges rendered insecure and fords impassable, showed the effect the can- nonading at Gettysburg had on the weather. The exchange of prisoners having been completed, the divis- ion left the main road and moved by a country road in the midst of the rain to Laurel Forge, except the Thirty- seventh, which remained to watch the Gettysburg and Carlisle turnpikes. The advance pushed on and crossed the ford over the Yellow Breeches Creek, known on • Gen. Smith states in his report, " A most furious rain-storm set in which raised the creeks, carried away the bridges and made the march toilsome in the extreme." igtsfor^ of f^e ^itttni^i^etoni (Kestmenf 261 the maps as " Mountain Brook." But by the time the Twenty-second reached it, which was about dusk, the creek was no longer fordable, and the regiment was obliged to wait for some time before it was safe to at- tempt to cross. - The infantry and artillery eventually succeeded, but the baggage-wagons, few as they were, were unable to cross, and stayed behind ; thereby acquir- ing a habit of doing so, which subsequently interfered very seriously with the comfort of the command. Lieut. Woodruff Jones, of Landis' Battery, states in his report : The battery was immediately preceded by the Gray Reserves and followed by the Twenty-third Brooklyn regiment. About one-half of this latter regiment had gotten across a bridge when it was carried away by the flood and two of the men swept down the mountain and were with difficulty rescued from drowning. The regiment was thus divided until the next morn- ing. A baggage-wagon belonging to Company D, Gray Reserves, was also carried away, the horses drowned, the wagon broken up and the contents lost. The baggage-wagon of the battery, loaded with ammunition and extra rations, cooking utensils, etc. , broke down, owing to the pole snapping. A new pole was obtained the next morning and assistance was sent back, but the horses having in the meantime died from exposure and fatigue, we were obliged to abandon it and contents on the mountain. After long waiting, the waters subsided a little, and the regiment, drenched to the skin, but glad enough to get anywhere, if it was only away from those woods, pushed rapidly forward, over flooded roads, gullied by the rain, and reached what was called " the ford." The popular idea of a " ford " is a clear, shallow sheet of water, more or less broad — at least they ex- 262 l^tBforg of i^e $ttienf8«^econi> QRegitnenf pected to see something of the kind. The actual "ford" they marched up to was a thick wood, filled with tangled thickets, logs, and the nameless floating things of a freshet, through which a mountain torrent, a hundred yards wide, tore and pldnged like a mad thing. An hour before, it would have been madness to cross ; but now, by felling a few trees across the deepest holes, it had been rendered possible, though exceed- ingly difficult, to get over. With trousers rolled up as high as they could be coaxed (an unnecessary perform- ance, as they were already soaking wet), and cartridge- boxes and guns held aloft, the troops plunged in, and pushed across as best they could. This involved climbing over the stumps, balancing along the slippery and unsteady logs which bridged the holes where the current was too swift and deep' to be waded, creeping gingerly, with bare legs, through thorny thickets, and anon struggling, waist-deep, through the turbid stream, whose rapid current was filled with float- ing logs, which inflicted most grievous whacks on the nether extremities of the forders, besides rendering it almost impossible to stand without assistance. j^tfifotrg of f^ $<»enf8<^econb (Ke0tmenf 263 Notwithstanding the unpleasantness of the opera- tion, the frequent duckings, and the no less frequent bruises from stumps and floating timber, the sight was so supremely ridiculous that the misery was forgotten in the fun. Roars of laughter greeted those unfortunates — and their name was legion — who,"in their endeavor to keep piece, cartridge-box, coat-tails and other "impedi- ments " out of the water, forgot about their footing, until they were reminded by a plunge from a slippery log head over ears, into the depths of the stream, that if that was lost everything went with it. Part way over the ford the head of a drowned horse and a projecting wagon-tongue marked where a commissary wagon had come to grief, and warned the men to be careful. A short distance from the ford a halt was ordered, to collect the men as they struggled over, each company building huge fires, and trying to render themselves a little less uncomfortable. Vain thought ! Scarcely had the fires begun to throw a cheerful light on the scene, when " Brigade, forward ! " was heard from the front; and, turning their backs on the comforts they had hoped for, the command squattered up the road. " Squat- tered " is rather a singular word, but it is the only one available to describe the manner of progression up this mountain road in that storm. But from henceforth the brigade was to become familiar with the unfrequented and sparsely-settled roads and passes of the Blue Ridge And such a road as this one was ! Considered a bad road in fine weather, in a region where there are no good roads, the most vivid imagination fails to depict its present condition. It wound along half-way up the side of a mountain. The steady pour of the rain 264 %iBior^ of i^e ^toenfgs^econb QRegimenf had filled up every guUey, and made a mud-lake of every hole. In addition, every once in a while a torrent came rushing down from the woods above, cutting the roads into all sorts of hollows and trenches as it swept across, and plunging off upon the other side into the valley be- neath. It consequdntly presented every combination of evils which could appall a weary traveller. Along this road, mill-race, slough, stone-bed — for it was all of these by turns — the Twenty-second pushed forward ; but the pen fails in the endeavor to describe that march. Many things they have suffered and been jolly over, but it is unanimously voted that "for good, square misery," the night of the fourth of July, 1863, has been equalled by few and excelled by none in the annals of the regiment or the experiences of its members. " Poor fellows," said Col. Aspinwall, as he rode by, his horse jaded so that it could hardly struggle through the mud, " I am sorry for you, but we musi push for- ward." As a pitchy blackness rendered everything invisible, a lantern was carried at the head of the column to pre- vent those in the rear from being lost. Every few minutes the men would find themselves plunged into a mountain stream running across the road, and which could be heard falling an indefinite distance down the other side. Wading across this, they would be strug- gling knee-deep in mud of an unequalled tenacity; and their efforts to extricate themselves often resulted in getting tripped up by projecting roots and stumps. As those in front reached an obstacle, they passed the word down the line, " Stump ! " " Ford ! " " Stones ! " " Mud- hole ! " Frequently this latter cry became altered to JltEforg of f3e ^wenfgs^econb (Regimenf 265 " Man ill a mud-hole ! " " Two men in a mud-hole — look out sharp ! " The road was a stiff clay, lower than the banks, and held the water that did not run over the side, so that it was churned up into a pasty mass almost knee-deep, in which many lost their shoes. The only way in which it was possible to move was by following exactly one's file-leader. If he was lost sight of, one was helpless. Yet, amid all these difificul- ties, the regiment continued its march with a calm de- spair that was prepared for anything. At 1 1 o'clock at night the head of the regiment halted per force — stuck in the mud. Even the officers' horses were too tired to go another step. The brigade itself was lost, scattered for the last three miles, wherever a turn or twist in the road had hid the guiding lamp. Less than two companies were in the column, and many of their number had been left in the various mud "wal- lows " on the way. All were perfectly exhausted, so the two leading companies camped where they stood. Such camping-ground is seldom selected, but it was Hobson's choice — that or none. Imagine a swampy, water-soaked, spongy compound of moss and mud, where the foot sank ankle-deep, cov- ering a bank some twenty feet in width, which extended from the dense woods to the muddy road ; no fence, no house for miles; every bit of wood and brush so soaked that one might as well have tried to start a fire with paving stones ; an idea may be formed of the cheerful place in which the men lay down, tired, hungry, muddy and wet as water could make them, to enjoy (?) a little sleep. At about i o'clock it commenced to rain — heavens, how it did rain! It takes considerable to 2 66 ^iBiot^ of f0e ^wenfgs^econb (Ke0tmmf arouse men as tired and worn out as those that lay around in that swamp, but one by one they got up with the melancholy confession that " the rain was once more too many for them." By dint of patient industry a fire had been made, whose ruddy blaze seemed to cheer up the scene a little, and, clustering around it, the awakened sleepers sought a little comfort ; but it was all in vain. Another sheet of rain descended, and the fire, a moment previous blazing breast-high, was a mass of water-soaked embers, around which huddled, for the remainder of the night, as disconsolate and miserable a set of bipeds as ever was seen. During the whole night but one solitary laugh broke the gloomy silence. A poor unfortunate corporal of Company A had been crouching all night on the end of a log, wrapped up in a rubber blanket. Falling asleep in the vain en- deavor to extract a little warmth from the embers of the extinguished fire, he lost his balance while nodding to and fro, and rolled backward, heels over head, into the foot of mud and water which composed the road, whence he emerged such a pale, drab-colored and pro- fane apparition as would have drawn a smile from the very Genius of Despair. In this general misery, rank was forgotten. Even Gen. Ewen shared the common lot, and slept in the mud like the lowest private, with no covering but a rubber blanket. The artillery had the advantage of being at the head of the column, but it suffered like the rest. Its experiences are stated by Lieut. Woodruff Jones as follows : The country became quite hilly, and the horses, being con- siderably exhausted after the fatiguing march (15 miles), would balk on almost every hill that presented any difficulties. Many 267 f^teforrg of i^ Cwenfgs^econb ^ecsimeni 269 hills, usually bad, were that day ten times worse owing to the earth being washed away by rain, and large rocks and deep gullies covering the roads; in the valleys the mud would be two feet deep owing to the wash from the hills. By doubling teams, and assisting by cannoneers at the wheels, the battery arrived within one-half a mile of Pine Grove, where we were to stop for the night. Here was a long hill, steep and covered with a sticky clay, worn into deep ruts. The first gun and caisson passed up without much difficulty, but the second stuck; teams were doubled until twelve horses were attached ; the men helped at the wheels, but all in vain, the horses would not pull; the teams, were taken out and walked around a la Rarey, traces stretched and slacked, wheels twisted around so as to start on the swing, but all to no account — the horses were completely "played." After three hours hard work and alternate resting of teams the battery arrived at the top of the hill. They moved out a short distance, and then halted until a position could be assigned for the night. Then, after considerable difficulty in starting, the battery, with the exception of two caissons, moved on, two guns being placed on a commanding hill, and the rest parked in a farm-yard below. The two caissons had to be left in the road all night, as neither entreaties nor threats would induce the horses to move. While engaged with the caissons, word came that one of the limbers on the hill had been upset by the horses; this was like adding the last straw that breaks the camel's back. On July 5 (Sunday), arising before dawn — if that term can be used where few had lain down — the regi- ment closed up and pushed forward. After a most tiresome five-mile walk through the same horrible road, now drained into a sticky clay mud, knee-deep, it reached Laurel Forge. This was a hamlet composed of a dozen huts, a big forge, the residence of the pro- prietor (where Gen. Smith established his headquarters), 2 70 3§tefor8 of i^ ^wenfg^^econb (Re^mer^ and nothing else, situated about seventeen miles frdni Carlisle, by the road the division, had followed, and twelve miles northwest of Gettysburg, which General Smith had now flanked. Here, at about 1 1 A; m., the men got a little something to eat, which had been col- lected from a few houses in the neighborhood. The men of the brigade thronged into all the houses in the neighborhood and paid extravagant prices, for anything in the shape of food. This soon became nothing but flour and water made into cakes and baked on the top of a rusty sto've. These were eaten almost before they were cooked, the iron-rust giving a fine flavor, and, doubtless, serving as a much-needed tonic. This was the first food anyone had had since 3 o'clock in the morning of the preceding day. The people were hospitable and patriotic; The women worked like slaves, in cooking, and gave up for the troops food they needed for their children and themselves. Such trains as had been provided were behind, broken down, or "stuck" all along in the mud. This does not mean much to an ordinary reader, but to the Twenty-second it meant that the shortest- kind of "short commons" would be its fate in future, a proph- ecy which its members found, to their sorrow, to be strictly correct. The coluhfi'n was scattered into amass of stragglers. At about 11:30 o'clock, the men having nearly alfcome up, so that a military formation was re- gained, the regiment proceeded up the mountain, and after about three hours' marching over good but very steep mountain roads, reached a point near the summit, one and a-half miles from Bendersville, where the men obtained some hard-tack, pork and coffee for supper, and ^iefot^ of f^c ^tuenfgs^econb (Regimenf 71 went to sleep in the customary rain, which fatigue had now deprived of its powers. At this portion of the march, the late Judge Henry E. Davies (then Judge of the New York Court of Ap- peals), who had coriie to the front with dispatches ^, joined the regiment and shared its fortunes until its ar- rival at Waynesboro.- He had one son commanding a cavalry brigade under Gen. Meade and two others as privates in Company A, Twenty-second Regiment. In 272 %ietor^ of i^e ^toenfgs^econb QRegtmenf consequence of which peculiar combination of circum- stances the members of Company A became more familiar with the situation than even Col. Aspinwall. The dense ignorance which prevails in a marching column in active service as to what it is doing, cannot be appreciated by those who have had no experience. Little is seen of other troops. Nothing is known of the country or route except what can be learned by a hurried question of an occasional farmer sitting on a fence watching the passing columns. In a country, such as the Twenty-second was now traversing, which was not unlike parts of the Adirondacks, the names of the places were unknown to all, and, therefore, carried no information. Judge Davies took a great interest in what was transpiring ; and it would have considerably surprised those who have only beheld him on the bench to have seen him in an old linen coat, " split down behind," scouring the country to the right and left of the line of march in quest of supplies and information for the Twenty-second, displaying, in these pursuits, the most invaluable talents as a forager and a capacity for endur- ing hardship and privation which put many of his jun- iors to the blush. :^ CHAPTER XXIII. UNDER MEADE S ORDERS. T EE having retreated, the division was now acting -*-^ under the directions of Gen. Meade, and the at- tempt to reach Gettysburg was abandoned. On July 5, Gen. Meade telegraphed to Gen. Hal- lock : The enemy retreated, under cover of the night and heavy rain, in the direction of Fairfield and Parktown. • • * My movement will be at once on his flank, via Middletown and South Mountain Pass. * * * Communication received from Gen. W. F. Smith, in command of 3,000 men on the march from Carlisle towards Cashtown. • • * July 6, he reports : "Your dispatch requiring me to assume the general command of the forces in the field under Gen. Coiich is received. I know noth- ing of the position or strength of his command, excepting the advance under Gen. Smith, which I have ordered here, and which I desire should furnish a necessary force to guard this place while the army is in the vicinity." In the meantime Meade's chief of staff had dis- patched to Gen. Smith the following: Gen. Butterfield, Chief of Staff, Krra.y of the Potomac, to Gen. Smith. Headquarters Army of the Potomac, ") Julys. 1863, 5:30 A. M. j The General directs me to say that he is holding on here in a state of uncertainty as to the enemy's movements and inten- 273 2 74 J^tsforg of i^t ^wenfgs^wonb (Regtmenf tions. His reconnaissance will to-da)^, he trusts, furnish it. Meanwhile he considers that your position is precarious in the direction in which you are coming-, as you are out of reach of his support. Your reenf orcement to this army would be a valu- able one and appreciated. Before Gen. Smith had plunged into the mountains he had sent one of his staff upon a perilous ride around Lee's army to communicate directly with Gen. Meade and advise him of his plans. He performed his errand safely, and Meade sent the following to Gen. Smith: Gen. Meade to Gen. Smith : Headquarters Army of the Potomac, ) Gettysburg, July 5, 1863. ) West left here this morning. When he arrived here last night the enemy was apparently in full force before my centre and left, but had withdrawn from my right. I knew he was in a strong position, awaiting my attack, which I declined to make in consequence of the bad example he had set me in ruining himself — attacking a strong position. At the same time I felt a little nervous about 3'our position, as Couch telegraphed you were going to Cashtown where I could not have helped you. I therefore detained West till morning when we found the enemy had retired on the Cashtown and Fairfield roads. I then told West that you could safely join me by keeping a little to the west. My instructions to Couch were to cross and make a demon- stration in my favor, always looking to his return to the Susque- hanna m case of disaster to me or other cause requiring it. I have never given him any other orders, and I do not like to run the risk of taking his troops away from the position that may be so important to hold. After I found the strength of your com- mand, and its proximity, in consideration of my losses, I thought I would order you to join me, but if you consider your command essential to your defence of the Susquehanna, you J^isforg of i^ ^twenf^s^econb (Kegtmenf 275 had better return after I leave here. I say this because Couch says now that he has only men to guard the fords and seems to be nervous. That Gen. Couch continued to be "nervous" as late as July 14, appears from the following dispatch from ex-Secretary of War Cameron to President Lin- coln : Harrisburg, July 14, 1863. I left the army of the Potomac yesterday believing that the decision of Gen. Meade's council of war on Saturday night, not to attack the rebels, would allow them to escape. His army is in fine spirits and eager for battle. They will win if they get a chance. Gen. Couch has a fine army between Carlisle and Green- castle, but will move no further south without orders, under the strong belief that his duty is to guard the Susquehanna. In my opinion the Susquehanna needs no guard. I have urged him from the beginning to join Meade. I hope in God that you will put forth your authority and order every man in arms be- tween the' Susquehanna and the Potomac to unite with Meade, so that he may have no reason for delay in giving battle before the falling of the flood allows Lee to escape. Gen. Smith made the following endorsement upon Gen. Meade's communication : ENDORSEMENT. I*sent Capt. West entirely around the rebel army to tell Meade where I was, and that I proposed to put myself on the turnpike in Lee's rear, not knowing then that the battle was over. I should have been two days earlier, and then such a move would have been of great service, even if the militia had been roughly handled, which would have probably been the case. He telegraphed the following to Gen. Couch : Carlisle, July 5, 1863. I enclose dispatches from Gen. Meade, and ask for orders. My information is that I can be of more service with this force, acting under your orders, in the Cumberland Valley. However, I leave you to decide, only expressing my anxiety to go where I can be of most service. On the same day, Gen. Couch telegraphed to Gen. Meade : Harrisburg, July 5, 1863. The prisoners turned over to Gen. Smith number 1,300, said to be mostly from the First Corps. Potomac rising fast at Han- cock. I have a cavalry force west of Hagerstown. Some prisoners taken to-day. I directed Gen. Smith to get on Lee's flank, if possible, near Cashtown. He will do it, if possible, with New York militia. On July 3, Gen. Smith being anxious to communi- cate with Gen. Meade, called upon his staff for a volun- teer who would undertake the perilous task. Lieut. Rufus King, his chief of artillery, was most anxious to rejoin his battery, Fourth Artillery U. S. A., which was then serving with Meade, and at once volunteered. His services were accepted, and, taking with hira as orderly, Private Lieber, of Landis' Battery, who also volunteered, he started on the afternoon of the third upon the long and dangerous ride. The enemy was known to be be- tween Carlisle and Gettysburg, but their whereabouts was unknown. About ten miles south of Carlis.le, Lieut. King and his orderly encountered the Confederate out- posts. These they eluded by turning eastward, and taking to the fields, a course which they continued whenever they met the enemy. They rode all night, practically running the gauntlet, being constantly fired on by the Confederate skirmishers and pickets. Escap- ing these by great good fortune, they succeeded in riding around Lee's army and reaching Gen. Meade's ^tBforg of f^e ^i»enf8«^econb (Regtmenf 277 headquarters, completing their ride of over thirty miles on the morning of the fourth. Lieut. King here learned that his battery was cut to pieces in the battle, and most of its officers killed. On the afternoon of the fourth, Lieut. King, with his orderly, started back with orders from Gen. Meade. Lee's retreat had cleared their path of skirmishers, and they were able to keep to the roads. The terrible rain, however, made their progress difficult and disagreeable. Gen. Smith had moved from Carlisle, and King and his orderly overtook him on the fifth, beyond Paper- town, and delivered their orders. The horse which the orderly rode dropped dead from over-exhaustion and hard riding when his rider reached his battery. ^ CHAPTER XXIV. TO NEWMAN S GAP. ' I "HE situation of the bivouac of the Twenty-second -^ at Bendersville was most picturesque, the scenery magnificent, the mountain air bracing. But there was one great drawback — there was nothing to eat. The tired teams of the few wagons that had struggled through the muddy roads could not drag them up to the crest of the mountain where the camp was situated, and the country afforded nothing in the way of supplies. Scouting parties were sent out on all sides, and a little bread was obtained from the few houses that were found. This was doled out, a slice to each man in such companies as were fortunate enough to get an}'; but many had nothing. Several wagons were found, which were impressed into service, but they were of little use where nothing could be found to put into them. At 3:30 A. M. on Monday, July 6, reveille sounded, and the Twenty-second, without breakfast, marched a mile or more down-hill. Some rations were then ob- tained, and orders were issued for the men to put their water-soaked rifles in as good order as possible, and to be ready to march as soon as the rations were cooked and eaten. This took until noon. It then began to ^iBforg of f^ tt«Jenfg«^econb (Reeflmeni 279 rain, in the midst of wtiich the regiment " fell in," and marched for Newman's Gap, nine miles distant, at which point a brush with the enemy was expected. No oppos- ing force was, however, encountered, and the regiment proceeded about seven miles further, marching until nearly 12 o'clock at night. The reports from all sources were that the enemy was now near, and in force. A section of Landis' Bat- tery was brought up the steep mountain side by the aid of the infantry, and was planted at a cross-road in an open wood, to command the approaches. It was con- cealed by boughs, and the troops were disposed so as to protect the position. Gen. Smith says in his report : On Sunday, Gen. Knipe was ordered, with his command, to hold the cross-roads from Mount Holly to Cashtown and Pine Grove to Bendersville, while Gen. Ewen crossed the mountain to the Mount Holly and Cashtown road, holding the pass in his rear, and being within a mile of Gen. Knipe's command. Col. Brisbane, with the Pennsylvania Brigade, was holding a by-road from Pine Grove to Cashtown. A cavalry scout, under Lieut. Stanwood, was sent up Mountain Creek Valley, in the direction of the pass from Chambersburg to Gettysburg, through which it was supposed the enemy would send his trains, if he were defeated. Lieutenant Stanwood drove in the pickets a couple of miles from the turnpike, but had not sufficient force to press on. Capt. Boyd joined me at Pine Grove, having followed the rear guard of the enemy to Fayetteville, on the Gettysburg and Chambersburg road, capturing prisoners. He was directed to pass by Bendersville, in the direction of Cashtown, to try and ascertain the movements and position of the enemy. He fell in with them, and captured eight wagons and * prisoners. * Left blank in the original report. 2 So W)iBior^ of f^e ^wmfg^^econb QResimeni During the day a small provision train came up, which was very acceptable, as it was impossible to subsist the troops from the country. A scout from Gen. Meade also came through, giving the information that the enemy was retiring; and later in the day, Capt. West, a volunteer aid and assistant upon the Coast Survey, returned, having successfully opened communi- cations with Gen. Meade, on Saturday, from Mount Holly. At 3 P. M. Monday, July 6, Gen. Couch telegraphed Gen. Meade : To-night Gen. Smith will probably be at Newman's Cut, three miles west of Cashtown, on the Emmetsburg road. At 4:40 P. M., Gen. Meade telegraphed to Gen. Couch as follows : Headquarters of the Army of the Potomac, Gettysburg, July 6, 1863. The General-in-Chief Hallock has directed me to assume the general command of all the troops you have in the field. This, in view of my ignorance of the number, organization and position of your troops, is a very difficult matter. Lee, from all I can learn, is- withdrawing towards Hagerstown and Wil- liamsport. I propose to move via Middletown and South Mountain. If the condition of the roads and the impediments in his way should delay him, I may have an opportunity of attacking him. In this you can co-operate, either by directly reenforcing me or by m^oving down the valley, and establishing communication with my army; or the movement may be con- fined, as I previously desired it, to a simple demonstration. In these points I do not wish to hamper you with instruc- tions, but leave it to your knowledge of your troops and the necessity of the defence of the Susquehanna. I think I have inflicted such injury on Lee that he will hardly contemplate another demonstration on Harrisburg. Still, if I have to meet with disaster, such a contingency should be held in view. I would like your opinion, with the remark that all the assistance I can get will not only be needed, but most JE)iBtot^ of f^ ^wenfjs^econb QRegimenf 281 gratefully received. General Smith being very near me, I have ordered him to this place, where a force should be left to cover our withdrawal, and to protect the hospitals and public property. If you can spare Smith, I should like to have him, so soon as the movements of the enemy indicate a force to be no longer necessary at this point. My headquarters to-night will be here, to-morrow at Fredericksburg. The army is now in motion. Accompanying this letter was an order from Gen. Williams, Assistant Adjutant-General of the Army of the Potomac directing Gen. Smith " to proceed at once to Gettysburg and occupy the country so as to protect the hospitals of our own and the rebel wounded." Gen. Smith to Gen. Couch : Newman's Gap, July 6, 1863, i p. m. I encamp here to-night, having made fourteen miles through the mountains. If nothing happens I shall move to-morrow toward the next gap south, and so on up the Cumberland Valley, holding the gaps and keeping well in the mountains where I can make a good fight. Will you send me some provisions to Fay- etteville and all the haversacks you can raise ? The rebels, some of them, passed the night here, but left Chambersburg to the right. I imagine it was principally a cavalry force, with infantry enough to escort the train. The main body is still on the eastern slope working through the other passes. That the action of Gen. Smith's command was con- sidered by the Army of the Potomac to have been valu- able, appears from the following letter from Gen. G. K. Warren, Gen. Meade's chief of staff. Gen. Warren to Gen. Smith : Battlefield of Gettysburg, July 6, 1863. Your orders to stop here are to provide for any contingencies for a day or so, and Gen. Meade wishes very much for you to fol- 282 ^iBiot^ of f^e ^wenfgj^econb (Regtmenf low on and join him as soon as developments show no necessity for a force here, which is even now apparent, but not so when the order was sent to you. IVe are all much pleased with the way you behaved at Harrisburg Bridge and Carlisle. It was a great help to us. We have made this place a sore subject of mention to Southern pride. I hope you are well and that I am to see you soon. It will be remembered in reading these communi- cations that Gen. Smith, after leaving Carlisle, was for several days in the mountains, away from all telegraphs, and could only be connected with by couriers over bad roads, and hence knew but little of what was going on. Gen. Couch notified Gen. Williams of this fact by the following telegram : Harrisburg, July 7, 1863. Up to last night my orders to Smith to join you had failed to reach him on account of couriers being captured or lost in mountains. In case he joins you, please relieve him, as he returns by my order to join me. He reports the enemy still working back through the passes on which he calls the eastern slope. He has received no orders from you. In carrying out previous orders will work down through gaps on Cumberland Valley side. On July 6, an unfortunate accident took place. The loaded rifles of the troops had become wet, so that most of them were useless. Being without means of draw- mg the charges, the men sought to discharge them by pricking powder in the nipples. In doing this, one of the Twenty-third Brooklyn fired into the bivouac of the Fifty-sixth Brooklyn, the bullet wounding two men,-crne mortally. The Twenty-third felt the matter keenly, and at once made the only reparation in their power by sub- scribing $1,200, which they paid to the families of those thus injured. WiiBior^ of f^e ^toenfgs^econb (Kegtmenf 283 On July 7, at 2:30 a. m., Gen. Smith received the orders sent to him at Newman's Gap, and at once replied to Gen. Williams : The order brought by Lieut. King is received, and will be obeyed immediately. Two officers of the First Corps, who left the enemy last night at Waynesboro, have reached me, and report the enemy in rapid retreat. * * * j j^ad thought of going on to the next gap to-morrow, if I got no orders, but shall march to Gettysburg in the morning. Yesterday my command was reenforced by about 2,500 men. This suggestion was approved by Gen. Meade, and Gen. A. Pleasanton, acting chief of staff, wrote to Gen. Smith as follows: Headquarters Army of the Potomac, July 7, 1863, 5 a. m. Maj.-Gen. Meade desires me to say you can continue the pursuit of the enemy; that he only needs one regiment to guard the property and wounded at Gettysburg, for which he has sent to Gen. Couch, supposing you were on the way to Chambers- burg. The army is concentrating at Middletown. You can join it there after pushing the enemy to the best advantage. The effect of the hard service upon the men appears in the following report made by Gen. Smith to Gen. Couch, from Greenwood, on July 7, 1863 : The order of Gen. Meade requiring me to move to Gettys- burg is countermanded, and I am now moving in the direction of Waynesborough. My supplies are not all up yet, and, if possible, a train should be on the road to meet me at Waynes- borough. The mountain roads and wet weather have left many of my men shoeless. Can you send me 1,000 pairs at once ? By this it will be seen that the shoes of one-tenth of the command had been worn out by the hard marching over wet and muddv roads. 284 l^ieforB of f3e ^wenfgs^econi) (Kcgtmenf The march from Bendersville was notable to the Twenty-second, because its termination brought them to a camp where, by hard foraging, at about i p. m., they secured their breakfast of bread, apple-butter and meat — real meat, — and never did breakfast taste so good to them in all this world. It was well known to the command by this time that while the command was stuck in the mud on the " glori- ous Fourth," Lee had retreated from Gettysburg, and was now endeavoring to escape through the mountain passes ; and they were reluctantly compelled to abandon the hopes that had been entertained of earning immortal glory by coming in at the eleventh hour of the great combat to turn their defeat into a rout. But it was not to be ; and therefore the energies of the brigade were thenceforth exercised to prevent the rebels from securing the mountain passes, and, if possible, capture their trains. Marching hastily to one gap, they would hold it until information that the rebels were moving towards another would cause a forced march for that. What would have taken place if the command had hap- pened to. strike a gap just as half of Lee's army had got through, is a thing which the Twenty-second did not think about at the time, but which, it is now apparent, would have been rather unpleasant. That the enemy feared their approach, and was prepared for us, is shown by the following : Gen. Sedgwick to Asst. Adjt.-Gen. Williams: Headquarters Sixth Corps, Near Fairfield, July 6, 1863. A recaptured prisoner (a civilian) reports that while at Gettysburg one division was sent out by the enemy on the ^teforg of f^e ^wenfgs^econi (Kegimenf 285 Cashtown road, to meet and hold in check a force of ours, sup- posed to be 40,000 strong, reported as advancing from the direction of Carlisle. That Gen. Couch was still nervous is shown by his telegrams. Gen. Couch to Gen. Meade : Harrisburg, July 6, 1863. Gen. Smith, on the fourth and fifth, received j^our orders to join him. At i a. m. to-day I directed him to obey your orders, unless he found the enemy in retreat, and could operate effect- ively where he had been ordered to strike at Cashtown or Chambersburg. He should have nearly 10,000 men, but one- half are very worthless; and 2,000 cavalry, with a battery, can capture the whole party in an open country. This is why I put them in, or near, the mountains ; there they could do service. Gen. Smith gives in his report the following sum- mary of the march : On Monday morning I marched the brigade by three dif- ferent roads, concentrating at Newman's Pass, behind Cash- town. We were, however, too late to intercept the trains which had gone that route. Tuesday morning, I was proposing to enter the Cumberland Valley, and follow down the mountains toward Boonsborough, when an order came from Gen. Meade to march to Gettysburg, which order was shortly after countermanded, with permission to do as I had proposed. The command was then marched to Altodale (Funkstown), and an officer sent to Chambersburg, to try and procure supplies, as my trains had failed to overtake me. A small supply being procured, the troops were marched, on Wednesday, to Waynesborough, where I found Gen. Neill, with a brigade of infantry and one of cavalry, and eight pieces of artillery. Here I was forced to wait for my trains to come up, but sent a cavalry scout to communicate with Gen. Meade, west of South Mountain. 286 ^iBforg of f^e $t»enfg«^econ& (Reaimmf Thursday was spent in waiting for rations to come up, and for instructions from Gen. Meade. On Friday I was ordered by him to occupy the enemy to the best advantage, and to be ready to join the Army of the Potomac, or Gen. Couch, as circumstances might require. Col. SIcIntosh was at once ordered, with his brigade of cavalrv and four guns, to feel the enemy along the Antietam, below Leitersburg, which he did in the most skillful manner, driving his cavalry pickets across the creek upon their infantry and artillery supports. The cavalry was supported in this movement by two regiments of Pennsyl- vania militia, under Col. Frick, at Ringgold and Smithsburg, and one regiment, Fortj'-third New York Volunteers, from Gen. Neill's command, posted near Leitersburg. On Saturday, hearing that the rebels had ordered a miller on March Run to grind wheat all night for them. Col. Brisbane, with two regiments of Pennsylvania militia, was ordered, if possible, to intercept the wagons going for the flour, and destroy the grain if he could not bring it off. These regiments were supported by the Sixty-first Penns3'lvania Volunteers, of Gen. Neill's command. From two prisoners captured at the mill, we learned that the enemy had fallen back to Hagerstown. Col. Brisbane's command was left at Waynesborough, with orders to march at daylight, and the rest of the troops were moved to Leitersburg, excepting the command of Col. Frick, which was ordered from Ringgold to Chewsville. During the night an order came for Gen. Neill to join the Army of the Potomac at once, and, as no instructions were sent to me, I ordei"ed Col. Brisbane to remain at "Waynesborough, to guard my communications, and moved with what force I had with me to Cavetown. After posting my troops there, I reported, in person, to Gen. Meade, and recommended to him to divide my command among the old divisions of the Army of the "Potomac before the anticipated battle. Under the supposition that this was to be done, I ordered Col. Brisbane to Hagerstown, and moved with the rest of the command to the Boonsborough turnpike, near Beaver Creek. Gen. Meade declined to distribute the militia, and I remained until Wednesday morning, when I ^ieiox^ of i^ ^f»enfE«^econb (Resimcnf 287 received orders to send the New York State militia home, 7-ta Frederick, and the necessary orders were given. The Pennsyl- vania militia were concentrated at Hagerstown, under Col. Bris- bane, who was appointed military governor, with instructions to watch the fords at Williamsport and Falling Waters. Gen. Smith's report fails to give the details of these marches, during which the Twenty-second three times crossed the mountains, of the incessant rains, the hor- rible roads, the want of food, which lasted until after leav- ing Waynesborough. Up to that time one meal a day was the usual allowance, and this generally consisted of bread (usually purchased from the farmers at a dollar a loaf) and apple butter. If the men could get meat once in three days they accounted themselves fortunate, and then the animal was driven into camp, shot, cut up, cooked and eaten in less time than it takes to write about it. Such meat, generally eaten without salt, was not very nourishing. It certainly was far from appetiz- ing. The men had plenty of money. In fact, the soldiers of the Army of the Potomac who encountered their for- aging squads and heard their offers to purchase food, inquired with astonishment, " When were you fellows paid off? " But partly from the poorness of the country and partly from the ravages of the Confederates, food could not be obtained. In this semi-starvation all the militia, whether New Yorkers or Pennsylvanians, were common sufferers. Leland says in his memoirs : Although we had no tents, only a miserable, rotten old gun- cover,* and not always that, to sleep under (I generally slept • It was brand new. 288 ^teforg of fge ^<»en%^econb (Regtmenf in the open air, frequently in the rain), and often no issue of food for days ; we were strictly prohibited from foraging or entering the country houses to buy food. This, which was a great absurdity, was about the only point of railitary discipline strictly enforced (p. 259). One afternoon we had to go up hill — in many cases it was terribly steep — by a road like those in Devonshire, resembling a ditch. It rained in torrents, and the water was knee-deep. The poor mules*' had to be urged and aided in every way, and half the pulling and pushing was done by us. All of us worked like navvies. vSo we went onwards and upwards for sixteen miles. When we got to the top of the hill, out of one hundred privates, Henry, I and four others alone remained. R. W. Gilder was one of these, besides Landis and Lieut. Perkins — that is to say, we alone had not given out from fatigue ; but the rest soon followed. * * * But what was worse, I had to lie all night on sharp flints, i. e., the slag or debris of an iron-smeltery or old forge, out of doors — in a terrible rain, and, though tired to death, got very little sleep; nor had we any food whatever, even then or the next day. Commissariat there was none, and very little at any time (Leland, p. 260). On July 6 the Twenty-second marched until late at night, expecting to cut off the rebel wagon-train at Newman's Gap. It was dark as Erebus, but the numerous lights, and the sounds that were heard as they approached, convinced all that the movement had been successful, perhaps a little too successful, for it was evident that there were more infantry than wagons in their front. The surgeons took possession of a house and hung out their flag ; a few hurried preparations were made, and the regiments moved cautiously up, when the return of one of the scouts disclosed that the supposed enemy was only some • The battery had horses, not mules. l^tBforg of f^e 'iwent^'^econ'b (Kegtmenf 289 of the Brooklyn regiments, who had taken a shorter road, and come in ahead of this part of the brigade. Considerably disgusted at this intelligence, the regi- ment turned off into the fields which bordered the road, hungry and tired enough, and slept in the long, wet grass, till the early gray of the morning when they resumed the advance. On reaching Newman's Gap, it was found that Lee's rear guard had passed through about eight hours before the Twenty-second got there, and that the fight, so con- fidently expected at this point, was " off " for the pres- ent. But, although disappointed in this respect, they were compensated by obtaining something to eat. In addition, they had the pleasure of having pointed out to them no less than six houses, in all of which Long street had died the previous night, and two others, where he was vet lying mortally wounded. (^ CHAPTER XXV. ALTODALE, OR FUNKSTOWN. MARCHING THROUGH THE MUD. V ■«^ ^ - /^\N Tuesday, July 7, the regiment ^-^ started at daylight, without ra- ,\\ tions, and marched three miles to Cale- \ donia Cross Roads, where breakfast was obtained. It then pushed on over muddy roads, rendered almost imprac- ticable by the march of Lee's armv, passing crowds of Confederate prison- ers, brought in from the advance. These wore shabby, butternut-colored suits, and slouched along, looking not at all like the veteran soldiers that they were. One notable exception was a tall, black-bearded man, with his left arm in a sling, who glared around like a wounded lion as he strode past. The regiment also passed the smoking ruins of a large iron-mill, burned a day or two before by the enemy. The marching was verv fatiguing ; the men had had no meat, and were wearv and faint when, at 4 p. m., the diyision went into camp at Altodale, usually known as Funkstown. The place selected was a level piece of ground, in the midst of a beautiful grove. This was intersected by the Little 2go %iB(ot^ of f?e $t»cnf8«#econb (Regtmenf 291 Antietam — a rapid, clear little brook, — the whole form- ing an ideal camp, except that the ground was covered with projecting points of rocks, so that it was difficult for a man to find a place where he could lie down with any comfort. Rations soon came up, and when eaten, the men, although directed to sleep on their arms, for fear of an attack from Stuart's Cavalry then in the neighborhood, lay down, in first-rate spirits, and slept the sleep of the just, a heavy grand guard being sent out in advance. During the night it rained heavily; but, too tired to wake up for any ordinary shower, the men sheltered themselves and their guns as best they might, and slept on. At about 3 o'clock it seemed as though the very fountains of the great deep had been broken up. The rain came down in solid sheets, compelling the most tired to rise. As one of the men remai^ked, " A common rain wasn't anything, but when the water got so deep where he was laying as to run into his ears, it really disturbed his sleep." What a sight presented itself when daylight rend- ered objects visible ! The beautiful grassy plain, level as a billiard-table, on which the regiment had lain down so cheerfully the night before, was now a lake, beneath whose surface their guns, canteens and other paraphernalia, were slowly disappearing. The little brook had become a torrent, almost equal to the far- famed Yellow Breeches, which a few Brooklyn troops were vainlyendeavoringto ford in order to rescue a pile of knapsacks and equipments which were being carried away by its sudden overflow. The smooth grass had vanished. On every side nothing was to be seen but mud, 292 j^ieforg of f^e ^wenfgs^econb QRegimenf water and wet and muddy soldiers and horses, the men leaning against the trees, or looking unavailingly for stones or something to sit upon, for no man, no matter however wet or tired, will ever sit down in water or mud if he is able to stand. From 3 to 11 o'clock A. M. the rain continued with una- bated vigor. A few fires were started un- der the shelter of rub- ber blankets, and coffee made, which put new life into the limbs of the men, and they became quite jolly. It is a noticeable fact that where things "become perfectly awful," when the mud is deepest and the rain the heaviest, their spirits appeared to rise with the difficulties of the situation (except when they had nothing to eat). In fact, they apparently enjoyed them- selves much more than when they were suffering from a slight annoyance, and accommodated themselves to really serious circumstances as though it was rather funny than otherwise. Nevertheless, the order to march was joyfully welcomed. This camp was noticeable as the place where many of the shoes of the men gave out, rendering it impossible for them to keep up with the column, although they did their best to do so. CHAPTER XXVI. JOINING THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. AFTER the regiment had eaten a Hght breakfast of hard-tack, the rain ceased and the skies cleared up. Leaving Altodale, Wednesday, July 8, the division followed the course of the Little Antietam, in a southwesterly direction, to Waynesborough, most of the time wading in mud over their ankles, and some- times to their knees, and went into camp in some ^i.^ ^\~ai.'\...,„r^ '?»^.^. *i woods on the Waynesborough and Hagerstown pike, about two miles beyond, having marched about eleven miles. Here it became a part of the Third Brigade, Second Division of the Sixth Army Corps, whose white cross, artistically carved out of cracker, was at once adopted by a number of the regiment. In the subse- quent manoeuvres it became a part of the Army of the Potomac. Waynesborough was a pleasant little place, with many pretty and patriotic girls, the prettiest the men had seen since leaving Carlisle. The town, however, 293 2 94 ^ieiot^ of i^ ^tuenf^s^econb QRegtmenf had been so cleaned out by the enemy that one could not even buy a tin cup. The foraging parties of the regi- ment scoured the country both in and outside the pickets with untiring zeal, but the results were meagre enough. During the three days they remained there, the Twenty-second had almost nothing to eat the first day and but a bare suificiency afterward. Fortunately, there was nothing to hinder their sleeping, washing the mud out of their clothes (which they had to do piece- meal, having no others), and watching them while they dried. The Confederates were near by, and in strong force, their pickets being but two miles distant ; and ofificers and men were required, by special orders, to be always on the alert. No passes whatever were permitted to be issued. Gen. Meade, in his report of the battle of Gettys- burg, makes the following allusion to the arrival of the brigade, though he erroneously makes Boonesborough, instead of Waynesborough, the place where the division first joined him : It is my duty as well as my pleasure to call attention to the earnest efforts at co-operation on the part of Maj.-Gen. D. N. Couch, commanding the Department of the Susquehanna, and particularly to his advance of 4,000 men under Brig.-Gen. W. F. Smith, who joined me at Boonesborough just prior to the with- drawal of the Confederate Army. The following report of his arrival was made by Gen. Smith to Gen. Williams, Assistant Adjutant-Gen- eral of the Army of the Potomac : Waynesborough, July 8, 1863. My command arrived here to-day, and finding Gen. Neill here have encamped so as to render him all possible assistance W)iBio'c^ of f^ ^wenfgs^econl) (Kestmenf 295 till definite instructions are sent to me. My command is an incoherent mass, and, if it is to join the Army of the Potomac, I would suggest that the brigades, five in number, be attached to old divisions, and thus disperse the greenness. They cannot be manoeuvred, and, as a command, it is quite helpless, except- ing in the kind of duty I have kept them on in the mountains. I have here about 4,000 men, and, I suppose, 2,000 have strag- gled away since I left Carlisle.* Gen. Knipe is the only one I have with me who is at all serviceable, and he is anxious to get back to his own brigade in the Twelfth Corps. I am utterly powerless, without aid, and in the short time allotted to infuse any discipline into these troops, and, for the reasons given above, make the suggestion as being for the best interest of the service. This suggestion of Gen. Smith was a wise one, at least, as far as the New York troops were concerned. The trouble with them was the inexperience of their brigade commanders and the want of confidence the men felt in them. If mixed with the veterans of the Potomac, and put under experienced officers, their effi- ciency would have been doubled. The following official communications show the situation at this time. Bidg.-Gen. Thomas H. Neill to Gen. Williams: Headquarters Light Division Army of the Potomac, July 9, 1863. " Baldy " (W. F.) Smith is here with his command. Col. Gregg, with a brigade of cavalry, who leaves for Boonesborough, will send this. A scout brings information that Lee has one corps intrenched on the Williamsport pike from Hagerstown, another on the Boonesborough pike, and Early is said to be up toward Middlebury (qiiien sabe ?) between Newcastle and Hagerstown. * Mainly from illness, poor food and worn-out shoes. 296 ^tBforg of f^ ^wenfgj^jconb QRe0imeni The news of the capture of Vlcksburg is confirmed. Have sent a cavalry reconnaissance toward Hagerstown this morning. It has not returned. Since writing the above, have felt the enemy's pickets, with a regiment of cavalry, at a bridge four or five miles from Hagerstown. They are stubborn. We drove them away, but they returned as we retired. Gen. Smith is in with his mixed command. Am delighted to have the benefit of his counsel and advice. We are all right, but watch Early's division on my right toward Middlebury. Asst. Adjt.-Gen. Williamsto Gen. Smith: Headquarters Aumy of the Potomac, July 9, 1863. The army will occupy the line from Boonesborough to Rohrersville to-day. The army (men and animals) is very much exhausted, and cannot advance as rapidly as desired. Although the information respecting the position of the enemy is not very definite, yet he is believed not to have crossed any large part of it over the Potomac, but is concentrating it between Hagerstown and Williamsport. Under these circumstances, definite instructions cannot be sent to you. You will look to the security of your command; join this army when you can do so with security, unless the operations of Gen. Couch require you to unite with him. Definite instructions will be sent yon as soon as practicable. Although highly desirable that Gen. Neill should join his corps, yet he must be governed by your instructions. Gen. Smith to Gen. Couch : Waynesborough, July 9, 1863. I am here awaiting orders from you or Gen. Meade, and am much in want of shoes, and will be happy to ride over and see you when you arrive at Shippensburg. Gen. Smith to Gen. Williams : Waynesborough, July 10, 1863. I had proposed to move the command to join the Army of the Potomac to-morrow morning, but, in consequence of your J^teforg of i^ ^toenfgs^econb (Regtmenf 297 dispatch, shall await orders, and do my best here. The cavalry made a scout to-day, and /ound the rebels strongly posted on the right bank of the Antietam, below Leitersburg. I fear, if I am kept here to make a long march, I shall not be able to get into the fight. On July 9 (Thursday), the division was greatly fatigued and very hungry. The commissary reported: We shall have no rations to-day, as the Government train from Harrisburg has not been able to reach here, roads so bad and bridges washed away. A little bread was obtained and a slice issued to each man. On July 10, the rations had not arrived, but some food was obtained at the houses. The men bathed in Antietam Creek and found it a great relief as some of them had not had their clothes off for over two weeks. That night the Twenty-second had dress parade, the first since leaving camp at Harrisburg. The following general order was read in front of each regiment of the brigade : Headquarters First Division, Dept. of the Susquehanna, Waynesborough, July 11, 1863. The brigadier-general commanding calls the attention of the command to the certainty of an early engagement with the enemy, and it is strictly enjoined upon brigade, regimental and company commanders to attend at once to the condition of the arms and ammunition of the men under them. No time is to be lost in putting the arms in perfect order and seeing that the boxes are filled with cartridges. The rations on hand must be cooked and put in haversacks, so that no detention will ensue when the order to march is given ; and also that the men may not suffer for food when it is impos- sible for the supply trains to reach them. By order of Brig.-Gen. W. F. Smith. 298 J^tBforg of i^ ^wenfgs^econi (Regtmenf This was very necessary. The incessant rains, the fording of streams and sleeping on the wet ground had kept the men's guns (muzzle-loaders) in horrible condi- tion. They had nothing with which to draw the charges. Consequently every day or two it was necessary to dis- charge them, and, to do this, from ten to fifteen caps . would be expended. Even ' then the bullets would sometimes not go twenty feet. Once the regiment formed in line to fire a volley and not twenty rifles were discharged at the command, and fully ten minutes were spent before the greater part of the wet loads could be fired. The following was the strength of the command, (which was known as the First Division, Department of the Susquehanna), on July 11, 1863: NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND MEN. 8th New York 257 28th Pennsylvania 409 nth 510 31st " 402 13th 310 32 nd " not stated 22nd ' 482 Gray Reserves 765 23rd ' ' 416 Blue Reserves 894 28th 311 Pennsylvania Cavalry (two 37th 307 companies) 120 52nd ' ' 180 Miller's Battery 94 S6th 324 Philadelphia Battery 87 68th ' ' (not reported) Com. officers, etc. 402 71st ' 27 th Penn 450 sylvania 696 Aggregate,' 6,723 ^ieiot^ of f^e ^ttenfgs^econb (Hegimenf 299 This shows that the Twenty-second had kept well together. The gray uniforms of a number of the regiments of the division were not approved of by the veterans of the Army of the Potomac, and those wearing them were advised that their health would be improved by their exchanging them for blue blouses before they got into action, as there was great danger that they might get fired on from the rear as well as from the front. CHAPTER XXVII. MARCHING THROUGH MARYLAND. /^N Friday, July lo, the Twenty-third and Seventy- ^-^ first went out two or three miles on the Green- castle pike, where they remained for the day. During the afternoon of Saturday, July ii, distant cannonading was heard, caused by Gen. Meade's feeling the enemy at Williamsport. Reports were current throughout the division of another battle in which Lee had been worsted, and the excitement was great, although such matters had got to be such an old story that the feeling was less than would be supposed About dusk, on the nth the division marched for Maryland in high spirits. On the way, the Twenty-second marched and counter-marched a good deal, losing three hours' time and its temper, in consequence of Gen. Ewen hav- ing forgotten that in going through a strange country he could not get on well without providing himself with a guide. Consequently, it was not until after dark that it reached the Antietam, at Scotland's Bridge, although this was only about two miles out. The bridge had been burned, and was still smoking, and the men v/ere ordered to ford the stream. As no one knew the depth, the men took off their trousers, or rolled them 300 %iBiotii of i^ ^wenf^s^econb (Hegimenf 301 up to their hips, only to find the water not two feet deep. Once across, a pleasant moonlight march over a first-rate road soon brought the column to the border ; and when the officers announced, "That house marks the line, boys! " it was with no small gratification that the men shook off the dust from their feet, singing, with great impressment, the Union version of " Maryland — my Maryland," together with a number of parodies not very complimentary to the " men we left behindus." It appears from the records that some objection was antici- pated on the part of a portion of the troops to their being- sent out of Pennsylvania. Nothing of the kind ever existed in the New York regiments, and they heard of nothing of it among their Pennsylvania associates. A few miles from the line, the regiment camped by division in a large field. Many, in reading of a camp by division, imagine a most picturesque scene, of long lines of snowy tents being pitched, while trees are felled for firewood, and all sorts of poetic things take place. Nothing of the kind occurs. On arriving at the selected spot (generally a large field), the regiments file in one after another, taking their places in the order in which they marched, and break to the rear so as to form column by divisions. The orders are given: "Halt! Stack arms! Go for rails!!" Every man simultaneously drops his traps where he stands, and makes a bee-line for'the tall worm-fences, which are vanishing in every direction, as if by magic. One of these rails must be contributed to the company fire, and happy is he, who, in addition to procuring his quota, can secure a couple more for himself ! Serenely reposing on their sharp edges, covered by his rubber blanket, if he has one, he 302 %ietot^ of f?e ^weirfg^^econb QRegimenf defies at once the rain above and the mud below ; or, more ambitious grown, the spoils of four are combined, and a shelter, a la rebel, is speedily constructed, which is roofed with two rubber blankets, and the proprietors lying underneath on the other two, are at once the ad- miration and envy of their comrades. If in the woods, shelters are built of boughs. The company rails being obtained, are split, a fire started, and supper cooked (if there is anything to cook), and the men, after smoking the pipe of peace, lie down, some around the fire, and the rest where they halted in the first instance, and in two minutes are in the land of dreams, blessing the memory of the discoverer of tobacco, and the man who invented sleep. At the first streak of daylight all are awake; a hur- ried breakfast is made, or not (generally not), ablutions are likewise dispensed with. The "assembly" sounds; rubber blankets and overcoats are hastily rolled and slung by those who are lucky enough to have them. A few hurried orders are passed along the line ; the troops fall in and march off; and in half an hour the trampled ground, the ashes of numerous fires, and the ruined fences, alone tell that ten thousand men have camped there for the night. For some time the division had been pressing hard upon the heels of Lee's retreating army, and at everv step new signs of the rapidity of his movements were to 303 ^isiot^ of f^e ittenfgs^econb QRegtmenf 305 be seen. He moved in three columns, the cavalry and artillery taking the road, and the infantry the fields on each side, through which their trampling had made a trodden path as wide as a city street, the standing wheat being cut up into pieces like tooth-picks. The road was churned into a muddy mass, mid-leg deep, in which were frequently encountered wagons, and even caissons, broken down and stuck fast. Occasionally this mud would be mixed with percussion-shells which had been thrown out, partly to lighten a caisson and partly as torpedoes. Once at a halt, a squad of the regiment was standing in the mud and one of them caught his foot in some- thing, which he began to kick until he kicked it into sight. What appeared was the fuse end of a 3-inch per- cussion-shell, and the kicker promptly stopped. Throughout the whole route, numbers of Confed- erate wounded were found in the houses by the road- side, deserters without end were encountered, while broken wagons, abandoned ammunition, canteens, etc., etc., were strewed on every side. Yet, notwithstanding these appearances of demoralization, it was evident from the accounts of the country people, that, though much dispirited by their late defeat, Lee's army was far from being the mere mob that it was believed by some to be. It. is true that the mountains were full of stragglers, and the Union cavalry were constantly passing with crowds of prisoners in their charge. Yet, the main army was full of fight, and when it turned on its pur- suers, as it frequently did, like a stag at bay, it was not to be despised. 3o6 %ieiot^ of i^ $t»enf8«^econb QRegtmenf From the formation of the ground, in that section of country, the retreating army derived a great ad- vantage over its pursuers. It was constantly enabled to take positions too formidable to be attacked except in strong force, and where a mere show of strength would check the pursuit until a deployment could be made. Then before Meade could concentrate his forces, Lee's rear guard would be off. At Altodale (or Funkstown), in par- ticular, with the sim- plest materials, a steep slope, fronted by the Antietam, had been converted by the rebels into a second Fredericks- burg. This was all that saved them, for Gen. Meade pressed the pursuit fast and furious. On the evening of the eleventh. Company B of the Twenty-third, Capt. Goldwait, with a company of the Seventy-first and a squad of the Third Pennsylvania Cavalry were sent out on the Hagerstown road by Gen. Knipe's directions. They heard the enemy moving all night, their army being then at Hagerstown, four miles PRIVATE EOGERT. SERGT. JOS. W. WILDEY. SECOND LIEUT. THEO. GASCOUGH. SERGT. MARVIN R. PEARSALL. FIRST LIEUT. JOHN T. CAMP. ^isforg of f^e ^wenfgs^econb (Restmenf 307 off, and moving in two columns, one in the road and one in the fields. On July I r, an election was had to fill the vacancies in the field officers in the Twenty-second. Maj. James Fairley Cox was elected lieutenant-colonel, and Capt. James Otis (A Company) major, George Fuller being elected captain in his place. Capt. W. W. Remmey was elected as captain of B, and Lieut. John T. Camp as its first lieutenant. ^ CHAPTER XXVIII. SUPPORTING XILPATRICK S ATTACK ON HAGERSTOWN. /^N the morning of Sunday, July 12, the Twenty- ^-^ ■ second found itself at Cavetown, almost used up. The men had had no breakfast; and, from a variety of causes, the march had been one of the most wearisome they had yet experienced. The morning was sultry and exhausting beyond expression, the atmosphere heavy, with that peculiar feeling which precedes a thunder- storm. In addition, the shoes of all were so nearly worn out that the sharp stones, which covered and almost paved a most abominable wheat-field, through which they had passed on the route, had disabled many, whose feet were just recovering from the blisters of previous marches. The route had been back to Leiters- burg, then to the right, over the Cavetown road, thence across fields and up hill to a plateau overlooking Cave- town, which was seven miles southeast of Leitersburg. From there the march was down the hill to the Hagers- town pike. On halting, the division formed hne of battle across the road, facing Hagerstown, and planted its guns to command the pike. The object was to support Gen. Kilpatrick, who had gone forward that morning to 308 WfiBior^ of i^t ^tnenfgs^econb (Regtmenf 309 attack Hagerstown. Arms were stacked, and the regi- ment lay down behind them to rest, first sending details in all directions to forage for a meal. While the men were idling around, bemoaning the condition of their feet, and discussing the chances of capturing Hagerstown, the sultry promise of the morn- ing was amply redeemed by a most tremendous thunder- storm. The rain fell in torrents (but this was a matter of course, and excited no remark). The thunder pealed and the lightning flashed all around ; too near to some. Five men of the Fifty-sixth Brooklyn were struck, one of whom died instantly. Another, who was struck blind, died shortly afterwards, and the other three were badly hurt. The pieces were stacked with fixed bayonets, from the points of which the electricity danced in constant sparkles of blue flames. As the guns were all loaded, this was interesting; yet no one dared to go near them while it continued. A gun belonging to the Thirty-seventh was shattered to pieces by the electric fluid, but, curiously, without discharging it ; and several men in the different regiments were reminded, by slight shocks, that the farther they kept from the stacks of arms, the better. During the afternoon the ears and eyes of the Twenty-second were gladdened, the one by intelligence that Hagerstown had been taken after a sharp fight, the other by the sight of their dinner (or breakfast) coming up the road, in the shape of an astonished ox, who, when he threw up his head in response to the cheers which greeted his entr^, was shot, skinned, and boiling, before he fairly knew what he was wanted for. Finally, the arrival and distribution of a case of shoes 3 1 o Wiisior'^ of f0e ^<»enfg»^econb (Kegtmenf to those who were actually barefoot, put the regiment in the seventh heaven of delight. They also found some tobacco ! To be sure it was poor stuff, apparently a villainous compound of seaweed and tea ; but only those who have known what it is to see their stock of the precious weed vanish day by day, with no available means of replenishing it, can imagine their feelings on finding a supply, after they had been reduced to less than a quarter of a pound to a company. At Cavestown the writer was detailed to forage. Stopping with his squad at a little house near the main road, which was trodden into pulp, the two daughters of the house, one of them a very pretty auburn-haired girl, upon learning that their visitors had eaten nothing since the morning previous, "hustled" to get them a meal in a way which has endeared that colored hair to the whole party. While they were eating, her mother said, "First the rebs' went by, then they came back and went by again, now you Union troops is after them. Laws a massy, I never supposed there was so ■many men in the whole everlasting universe!' CHAPTER XXIX. THE EXPECTED BATTLE. A T this time Gen. Meade was concentrating his '^*- forces in front of Lee, who had taken up a strong position on the heights near Williarasport, and Lee was pushing his attempts to cross the Potomac. The country people reported that the water would not sub- side sufficiently to allow the river to be crossed for some days, but the result proved that they were mistaken. At about 12 o'clock on Monday, July 13, the col- umn camped by division, some three miles from Gen. Meade's headquarters, and about the same distance from Boonesboro, at a place where the old bivouacs of the Army of the Potomac filled the air with the nauseating smells incident to deserted camps. As the Twent3'-second marched up the hill to its camping-ground, the camp-fires of the Army of the Potomac began to blaze up, extending in thousands to each side as far as the eye could reach and presenting a most beautiful sight, the finest the regiment had yet seen. In this delightful spot they waited for the battle which was "to finish the Rebellion."* ♦ Monday was still rainy, but the thunder storm of the day before had put it out of the power of rain to wet us. We marched some five miles and then halted in the road till afternoon. We learned that the two armies 3" 12 gtsforg of f6e $i»enfg«^eeon5 (Re^tmenf On Tuesday, July 14, the dawn brought no sign of the impending battle. About noon, distant firing was heard, probably the attack of Gen. Kilpatrick's cavalry upon the Confederates' rear guard at Falling Water, in which he captured Gen. Petigrew's force of 1,500 men and two guns. About noon the command was moved across the fields a few miles and halted near Beaver Creek, where it was formed as a part of the reserve for the coming battle. Cannonading could be heard distinctly and heavy masses of moving troops, infantry, cavalry and artillery, could be seen in every direction. On the way the column passed a line of ambulances which had stopped at a station of the Sanitary Commission. Here the good Samaritans of the Commission had provided kettles of hot soup and milk-punch by the barrel, which they were dealing out to the occupants of the ambu- lances. These stretched out for at least two miles, the horses of one close to the rear of that in front. Each were in line of battle within five miles of us. About 4 p. m. we again pro- ceeded towards Boonesboro, but so bad were the roads and so exhausted the horses, liat in spite of all our efforts we were until after midnight reaching our camping-ground, a distance of but two miles. At every hill, and these were not a few, the teams had to be doubled and the cannoneers to almost lift the pieces, and even then it seemed almost impossible to get through, but it was finally accomplished. We had had but two hardtack for dinner, and no supper, but were too worn out with the severe labor to think much of hunger, mud, rain, or, indeed, anything but rest and sleep. The morning showed our position to be near the summit of a very high hiU overlooking Boonesboro and commanding a most beautiful view, bounded only by the distant Blue Ridge in Virginia. The Potomac was concealed by the high ground between ourselves and it. It was hard to realize that within the space clearly seen by us two immense armies lay in battle array, everything seemed so beautiful, so lovely and so peaceful. Within two miles of us we could see the camp of the reserve artillery and an ammunition train, the former consisting of upwar ds of three hundred pieces, and the latter containing five million dollars' worth of ammunition. Rand's Diary. l^tBforg of f3c $t»mf8*^econb QRegtmenf 3 1 3 one was crowded with men wounded in every way that the imagination can conceive of. For three-quarters of an hour the Twenty-second marched alongside of this stream of human suffering, and in that time heard no complaint. A groan was occasionally heard, but that was all. This spectacle was not inspiring, but its effect soon passed. When the halt in the afternoon was made, all were in high spirits. It was universally supposed that the rains had made the Potomac unfordable, "and that Lee was a goner this time." But, as hour after hour passed, without a sound of the heavy cannonading which marks " the battle's opening road," and rumor after rumor filled the air, the talk grew less and less hopeful ; and finally, during the afternoon, it was learned definitely that "the play was played out." Lee was gone, boots and baggage, and the hopes of the Twenty-second taking a hand in the contest which would probably have decided the war were gone with him. Perhaps it was all for the best. If Lee gave battle, it would be on selected ground, against weary troops, where every man in the Rebel Army knew he was fighting with no hope of escape, and would consequently resist to the utmost. Under these circumstances, the con- test, if not doubtful, would unquestionably have been bloody beyond all precedent. Yet, it cannot well be regarded except as the loss of a great opportunity, which, if availed of, would have saved thousands of lives and millions of money.* • When Lee retreated in such mad and reckless haste across the Potomac, we were camped perhaps the nearest of any troops to the improvised bridge, I think, within a mile. That night I was on guard, and all night long I heard the sound of cavalry, the ring and rattle of arms, and all that indi- cates an army in headlong flight (Leland, p. 282). 314 W>iBiot^ of i^t ^twenfgs^econb (Regtmenf The Twenty-second was now in the midst of the Army of the Potomac ; and it is difficult for those in- experienced in such matters to form the least concep- tion of the vast bulk of men and material which con- tributed to form that organization. Yet, huge as it was, no confusion was visible, and everything went like clockwork, even during the difficulties of that hurried pursuit. The Twenty-second only wished that the same could be said of them. But so far was this from being the case that it was remarked by a regular officer " that there was more destitution and suffering among Smith's httle division than among the whole Army of the Potomac"; and no one acquainted with the facts can deny the correctness of the assertion. The following official letter from Gen. Ingalls, chief quartermaster of the Army of the Potomac, to Gen. Meigs, the quartermaster-general, shows that he was of the opinion that somebody was greatly to blame for this condition of affairs. Gen. Ingalls to Gen. Meigs : Headquarters Army of Potomac. July 13, 1863. Gen. Smith arrived last night at Cashtown with some 7,000 new troops. They come without supplies or means of trans- porting them. . It seems incredible that these troops of Gens. Couch and Smith should be in such a bad condition, having had so long a time for preparation in a country so full of resources. Our department at Harrisburg must have acted on a small scale.* * Leland says in his memoirs; Our sufferings as soldiers during this emergency were very great. I heard an officer who had been through the whole war, and through the worst of it in Virginia, declare that he had never suffered as he did with us this summer, (p. 259.) * * * From all that I learned from many intimate friends who were in the war, I believe that we, in the battery suffered to the utmost all that men can suffer in the field, short of wounds and death, (p. 260.) ^tsforg of fge ^toenfgs^econb (Restmcnf 315 As nightfall came the whole horizon was lighted up by thousands upon thousands of camp-fires, while, in the distance blazed the beacon on South Mountain, the whole forming an almost theatrical spectacle especially to those, who, like the Twenty-second, had been three weeks in the mountains.* It is impossible to express what a relief was ex- perienced when the command became incorporated with the Army of the Potomac. To enter it was coming once more from the scarcity and make-shifts of the backwoods, into the light of civilization. Mounted boys rode by with New York and Philadelphia newspapers. There were people to be found, who could change a two dollar bill, and had things to sell. It was a place where greenbacks yet served as a medium of exchange, and provision trains were not more than two days behind time. In their exultation, the command even began to entertain vague hopes that, in the progress of events, their letters might possibly be forthcoming. A few were actually received and were most welcome. It was now more than two weeks since a word of news had been heard, either from home or elsewhere ; and the men naturally were exceedingly anxious for a little informa- tion about matters and things in general. Their ig- norance was painful on almost every subject relating to the war. On the march from Cavetown, Col. J. H. Grant of Gen. Ewen's staff, had galloped down the col- * Two very picturesque scenes occur to me. One was a night after the battle of Gettysburg. The country was mountain and valley, and the two opposing armies were camped pretty generally in sight of one another. There was, I suppose, nearly half a cord of wood burning for every twelve men, and these camp-fires studded the vast landscape like countless re- flections of the stars above, or, rather, as if all were stars, high or low. It was one of the most wonderful sights conceivable. (Leland, p. 281.) 3i6 ^^tBforg of f0e ^wenfgs^econb QRegtmenf umn while it was struggling through the mud, waving his hat as he passed, and shouting that Vicksburgh was taken. Beyond this the men knew nothing. Even the battle of Gettysburg, fought right under their noses, and a common topic of conversation, was to them "a tale untold," except that there had been a great battle in which the North was victorious. CHAPTER XXX. THE MARCH TO MONOCACY JUNCTION. A T this time the draft riots in New York required -^*- the presence of all the National Guard, and the following orders were promulgated : Headquarters Army of the Potomac, ) July IS, 1863. ) Special Order No. igo. The troops comprising the command of Brig.-Gen. W. F. Smith are released from further service with the Army of the Potomac, and will be reported back to Gen. Couch for instruc- tions. The major-general commanding thanks Brig.-Gen. W. F. Smith and his troops for the zeal and promptitude which, amid no little privations, have marked their efforts to render this army all the assistance in their power. * * • By command of Maj.-Gen. Meade. S. Williams, A. A. G. Headquarters First Division Dept. of the Susquehanna, ) July IS, 1863. ) Special Order No. Brig.-Gen. John Ewen will take command of all the New York troops in this Division, and proceed with them to Fred- 317 , 1 8 J^tefotg of f^e ^i»enfB«^econb (Regtmenf erick, Maryland, at which point transportation will be furnished them to New York City. In parting with them, the general commanding must express his admiration of the courage and fortitude with which they have stood the toils and privations of their late marches. By order of Brig. -Gen. Wm. F. Smith, Preston F. West, A. A. A. G. ' It rained hard all the night of Wednesday, July 15. This, however, was a matter of too common occurrence to excite any comment. In the meantime, trouble was experienced in dispatching the New York regiments to put down the riot. The orders of Gen. Couch of July 15 were to send eleven regiments. This, however, was reduced to two by Gen. Hallock, who, on the same day, calmly telegraphed Gov. Seymour " to call out sufficient militia force to quell the riot and enforce the laws in the city " — a proposition which was absurd on its face, in view of the fact that the entire National Guard of the State was then in the field, under the writer's orders. He had the grace, however, to add to his suggestion that, " if absolutely necessary, troops will be sent from the field in Maryland ; but this should be avoided as long as possible. Please telegraph if you deem them necessary to assist in maintaining order." It was absolutely necessary, and Gov. Seymour at once telegraphed as follows: New York, July 16, 1863. T/te Secretary of War : Sir — There is great disorder here. It is important to have the New York and Brooklyn regiments sent here at once. Horatio Seymour. %ie(ot^ of f^e ^wenfgs^econb (Regimenf 3 '9 Secretary Stanton appears to have grasped the situa- tion better than Gen. Hallock. He repUed as follows: War Department, Washington, July i6, 1863, 4:40 p. m. His Excellency Gov. Seymour, New York. Sir — Eleven New York regiments are relieved, and are at Frederick, and will be forwarded to New York as fast as trans- portation can be furnished to them. * « * Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War. Thereupon Gen. Hallock's countermanding order was countermanded. The same day (July 16), the division, in pursuance of these orders and cordially cheering Gen. Smith as they marched past him, took up its line of march for Frederick City, and home ; first, however, going a mile towards Hagerstown,and having to countermarch back. This was nothing new to them, however, for, whether it was owing to ill luck, bad guides, indefinite orders, or stupidity, something of the kind was apt to occur at most of the movements that took place. The brigade under Gen. Ewen's command seldom turned down a side road, or took an unusual direction, without a general grumble arising in the ranks — " Wrong road, of course ! see if we don't have to go back in a few minutes," — and they generally did. In truth, they went back so often, that they began to hate the very word "countermarch." On the way, the Twenty-second witnessed an inspiring sight. The cavalry of the Army of the Potomac were pushing out in pursuit of Lee. Some reviewing officer, supposed to be Gen. Meade, could be seen upon an elevation in the distance, and the cavalry swept around and in front of him, squadron front, in line after line, 320 jB)XBtot<^ of i^ ^ftjenfgs^econb (Kegimenf like waves of the sea in an interminable column, until it seemed as if they were riding in a circle, as in a theatre. While those in authority had been informed by tele- graph, respecting the riots in New York ; the first that the Twenty-second knew about the matter was, on obtaining on the march, that memorable New York newspaper, describing how the " military fired on the people." If any of the editors of that journal had hap- pened to be in the vicinity of the column about that period, it is more than probable that they would have been furnished with a practical illustration of their text, for a more angry set of men than the New York National Guard never was seen. It was sufficiently galling to know that, while they were away, enduring all kinds of hardships to expel the invaders from Northern soil, an attempt had been made to create a counter-revolution in their very homes ; but the additional reflection of the opportunity it would give their Pennsylvania friends to depreciate their State, gave the matter an additional sting to the New York troops. That day was the first time that any one in the Twenty-second was heard to say that he felt ashamed to think that he was born in the city of New York. As may well be imagined, this intelligence, and the pleasing uncertainty existing in the minds of the regi- ment respecting the welfare of their friends and homes, considerably accelerated their desire to get to New York, and they pushed vigorously down the Fredericks- burg pike, breathing prayers, the reverse of benevolent, to the welfare of the rioters, until they could attend to them in person. Under any other circumstances it J^teforg of f^e ^tx>enfB«^econb (Regtmenf 321 Vvould have been a beautiful march. Although oppres- sively hot in the early part of the day, the weather afterward was all that could be desired. The road was macadamized, wide and smooth, although tremendously hard for feet as sore and badly shod as those of the regiment and in its wind- ings through the passes of the South Mountain, trav- ersing a few more hills than were strictly agreeable. Yet more beautiful scenery than it presents to the eye of the traveler can rarely be found.* That country was all his- toric ground. The white boards on the right, "cover- ing many a rood," marked the last resting-places of the thousands of unknown heroes who sealed their patriotism with their blood in the battle of South Mount- am. All along the stone MARCHING THROUGH MARYLAND. fences and among the trees on the left, the frequent bullet-marks told how hot the conflict raged the preceding year, for every foot of * We often marched and camped in the valley of the Cumberland and in Maryland, in deep valleys, by roaring torrents, or " on mountains high," in scenery untrodden by any artist or tourist, of marvelous grandeur and beauty. One day we came upon a scene which may be best described by the fact that my brother and I both stopped, and both cried out at once, "Switzerland" (Leland, pp. 260, 261). 32 2 JgtBforg of t^e ^iwenfgs^econb (Kegtmenf land for twenty miles around has been a battle-ground for the contending forces. At noon a halt was made and the column rested for an hour by the road-side, the men taking off their shoes, shifting their stockings to rest their feet, eating the hard-tack, with which they were now supplied, and taking a short nap. The day was favorable, the heat not being excessive. When the march was resumed the column kept well together and presented a magnificent spectacle as the long line wound up and down the hills. Occasionally the drum corps would beat a refrain and the whole regiment would burst into a chorus. At other times the different companies would sing, all, of course different songs. Sound, it may be remarked, moves so slowly that it is very difficult for a column to sing together. On reaching the crest of the Catoctin Mountain a sudden turn in the road unrolled before the division a superb panorama The valley of the Monocacy and a vast spread of adjacent cou'ntry lay before them, in the midst of which would be seen the spires of Fred- erick City, forming a beautiful spectacle. The regiment arrived at the city at about eight in the evening. They found it a bustling little place, full of soldiers, and with many ladies who loyally applauded the passing troops. It was certainly not a great city; but, to the Twenty-second, it appeared a little Paradise. It was a place where you could buy things, and although the Seventh, who had been stationed there, had ob- jected to the food there procurable, the Twenty-second's only grievance was that they could not get any of it. 3§tBforE of i^ ^wenfes^econi (He0imenf 323 Expecting to start directly for home, the division, without halting, continued its march through the city to within a quarter of a mile of the railroad depot, which, for some unknown reason, is situated about three miles from the city. But, as usual, they were doomed to disappointment. Whether the cars were ready or not is unknown. But, after a long consultation among the ofificers, it was settled that the regiment could go no further, and at about 8 o'clock it went into camp in a wood near the railroad, having completed a march of over twenty-five miles since breakfast, with little or no straggling. The men had been inspired by their intense desire to get home and put down the riots, and had needed no urging. They had suffered, however, greatly. They had been marching for weeks previously upon soft dirt roads. The shoes of many scarcely hung together, and the hard, macadamized road blistered their feet terribly. Many did not feel it while moving, but when their feet cooled after halting, the pain was intense. The writer, whose feet had previously never troubled him found, that night on halting, that he had blisters on each foot the size of his little finger. When, after lying down a short time, he stood up, he could not bear his weight on them ; and there were many in a similar condition. One member of the Fifty-sixth Brooklyn, a stalwart workingman, died half an hour after reaching camp. All day Friday, July 17, the regiment "loafed" under the trees, devouring the stock in trade of the sutlers who had come down to trade with them, and restlessly waiting under orders to start at a moment's notice. The day was marked by the drumming out of 324 IgtBforg of f0e ^toenfgs^econb QResimeni a member of one of the New York regiments, who had been detected in robbing a sick comrade. Half his head was shaved and his buttons cut off. He was then placed between two files, the front men at reverse arms and the rear ones at charge bayonets. He was walked up and down, in this wav, in front of the regiment, and then turned adrift, being kicked for quite a distance by a volunteer detail. ^^ -tM*;^ -- # CHAPTER XXXI. THE START FOR HOME. A T about six p. m., the Thirty-seventh and Eleventh ■^^- struck camp and marched off for the cars, amid the cheering of the whole division. But no orders came for the Twenty-second, and after waiting till half-past nine p. m., they went to sleep. At exactly eleven o'clock, an orderly dashed up : " The regiment is to take the cars forthwith." The word passed from mouth to mouth like lightning, and in less than no time the men were awakened, formed, and marching off "for home." They had to go precisely a quarter of a mile and get into the cars, which had been standing all day on the track ; and how long can any civilian, unacquainted with military manceuvres, imagine it took them to get on board ? Not an hour, nor half an hour, but five hours and a half, by the watch, elapsed from the time they started till they got into those cars. As it was raining in torrents all the while, it is not difficult to imagine the benedictions that were freely bestowed on every one, supposed to be concerned in the matter. When the regiment had gone about a hundred yards from camp, the order came to " halt." After a little time they were told to "rest." Seeing no signs of a move- 325 326 ^tfiforg of f3e ^wwfgs^econb (Restmenf ment, and a heavy rain having come up, the men un- rolled their rubber blankets, and the cooler hands wrapped themselves up and lay down to sleep in the middle of the hard road, while the others " took it out in swearing." In about an hour " Fall in ! " was heard. The sleeping men woke up, shook themselves, and the regiment marched another hundred yards, where the same scene was repeated. Starting for the third time, they turned away from the main road, and marched along the field to the depot, thinking they were "off this time, sure." Vain thought ! When they got on the bank, overlooking the railroad track, not a car was to be seen. There they stood in the midst of a drenching rain, on a slippery clay slope, where it was impossible to sit down, tired and sleepy as men could well be, for nearly two hours before the cars, after a little eternity of backing and switching, were pronounced ready for them. The moment the cars (freight) were reached, every one threw himself on the floor, and, in spite of wet clothes, dirty floors, and leaky roofs, knew nothing more till daylight dawned on them entering Baltimore. With the mention of the word Baltimore, the word breakfast is intimately associated in the minds of those of the regiment, who served in this campaign. Oh ! that first good civilized breakfast, with forks, and chairs, and the other appliances of civilized life — the pen fails in the endeavor to do justice to that repast ! Yet. in spite of the threats that were made of the quantities that would be eaten ; and, although it was near one o'clock before breakfast was obtained, the men were disgusted to find their systems so disorganized by ^tsforg of f^e ^t»jnfi3«^sconb (Hestmenf ^27 a habit of taking breakfast late in the afternoon, and omitting the other meals altogether, th.it half the things that they ordered, could not be disposed of. In fact, it was at least three days after their return to the bosom of their families, before they could manage three regular meals a day, without feeling uncomfortable. This sen- sation soon wore off, and when it did, ample amends were made by all for past abstinence. From Baltimore to New York was a short and un- eventful journey, and at half past six p. m., on the i8th day of July, the Twenty-second found themselves swing- ing up Broadway, glad to be home once more, but sorry enough to think that they were denied the pleasure of a shot at the rioters. And, although a long and ag- gravating tour of duty at home was still before them, here ended their eventful campaign. If anything was required to put an end to the idea that the National Guard regiments were mere " Broad- way troops, good for playing soldier, but who would be found wanting if subjected to the stern realities of a soldier's life," it was effected by what they had done and suffered in this campaign. Marching one hundred and seventy miles in less than three weeks, in the most inclement weather,through mountain passes and over abominable roads, upon ten (lays' rations without a change of clothing and in ex- pectation of an attack at any moment (the Twenty- second alone forming line of battle over nineteen times), constituted a record which would do credit to any troops, and they felt that they had earned the thanks tendered to them by Gen. Meade and Gen. Smith, in their official orders. 328 1§t6forg of f8e ^wenfgj^econb Qftegimenf That their services and hardships have not been ex- aggerated, is shown by the following extract from the official report to Gen. Meade, of Gen. "Baldy" Smith: Before closing, I must call to the remembrance of the general commanding the force, that I moved without a quarter- master, or commissary, without supply trains, some regiments even being without haversacks, and with no adequate trans- portation of the cooking utensils of the men, and must pay the proper tribute to the general behavior of the troops during long marches, in rainy weather and without sufficient food. The rugged mountain roads left many of them barefooted, but the greater portion of the command seemed animated by a desire to do all that was required in the service of their country. Gen. Couch closes his report as follows : The Governor of New York pushed forward his regiments with alacrity. They were generally armed and equipped ready for field service, and their arrival brought confidence. New Jersey sent one battalion of infantry that remained un- til after the invasion. Number of prisoners reported, 1,341, of whom nearly 500 were taken under arms, 400 wounded, and the remainder stragglers and deserters. This does not include quite a number who escaped through the mountains and went ndrth, being aided in this by the citizens. The following is an extract from the report of Lieut. Woodruff Jones of Landis' Battery : The sufferings of the Pennsylvania and New York Militia belonging to the First Division will never be realized or ap- preciated. The majority of them were young men from the higher walks of life, accustomed to luxury and refinement. Af- ter marching and countermarching, varied with almost constant skirmishing and picket duty in front of Harrisburg for over a week, they were marched, on short supplies of rations, eighteen W)i^iox^ of f0c $t»en%^econb QRegtmenf 329 miles to Carlisle, under a burning sun. Then, without time or opportunity to rest, they set out on their mountain march, again short of rations. The heavy rains swelled their feet and shrunk their shoes, and the subsequent rocks and stones caused their feet to become, in many cases, one immense blister, com- pelling them to march barefoot, a miserable relief. In other instances the shoes would entirely give out, the sole separating from the upper. This state of things, trying as it would be to veteran soldiers, was doubly severe on those unaccustomed to it. To this must be added the almost entire absence of com- missary stores. The regiment, while proud of what it had done, did not, however, feel that it had been properly handled by Gen. Ewen. It is an elementary maxim that soldiers will not serve with any credit under a man they do not respect. When troops find their leaders ignorant of the first rules of military life, obliged to ask information from subordinates, and constantly sneered at as ignoramuses by those who do know what they are about, they speedily become discontented and suspicious, and in that condition their efficiency becomes largely impaired. Col. Aspinwall and the other officers of the Twenty- second had learned their duty in previous campaigns ; and by the manner in which they handled their men, and the care with which they looked after their welfare, earned at once the gratitude and respect of their com- mand. And this remark is also true of such men as Col. (since Major-Gen.) Woodward of the Thirteenth, Col. Everdell of the Twenty-third, and the other regimental commanders. But, what would have hap- pened to the division generally, and to the Fourth Brigade in particular, if it had not been for their 330 ©tBfetB of i^ ^wenfgs^econb (Regiment regimental officers, it is difficult to foresee. Hence, it was suggested as an addition to the prayer book, "from long marches, wet weather, short commons, and militia generals, good Lord, deliver us." The hardships of this campaign told heavily upon the Twenty-second. The health of a number of them was permanently affected and several died. Among the latter, none was more regretted than Lieut. Wm. C. Soutter, first lieutenant of Company G. His fam- ily were Virginians, and Confederates. He felt deeply that the cause of the North was just, and, although delicate in health, served both at Harper's Ferry and in Pennsylvania. On the night of July 2, while his com- pany slept in the mud on the top of South Mountain, his shoes were badly burned on his feet by a camp-fire. He was so exhausted by fatigue that he did not discover it until they were in such a bad condition that he was obliged to throw them away. In spite of remonstrances from his Captain, he continued to march with his com- pany barefoot, until Captain Howland procured him a pair from one of the privates who was too sick to pro- ceed farther. On the march from Boonesboro to Frederick, he was almost exhausted, but refused to ride, and continued the march. While in sight of the town, he became so faint that he would have dropped, if he had not made the men near him march so that he could lean upon them. He thus kept himself upright, until the regiment passed through the town. Captain How- land urged him to go to a house in town, and he promised to do so, but, when the regiment went into camp, he appeared, refusing to leave his company, and insisted in sharing its privations. l^tBforg of t^ ^fwenfgs^econi (TResimmf 33 1 He died in a montli or two after the return of the Twenty-second, deeply mourned by his company. He was one of the finest young men in the country. Gen- erous, warm-hearted, brave and loyal to the core, he gave his life to his country as much as if he had died in battle. ^ CHAPTER XXXII. THE DRAFT RIOTS AND GUARD DUTY. \T T'HILE the main body of the Twenty-second was ' * in active service in the field, the few who had been prevented from accompanying them were not idle. Shortly before the Fourth of July, 1863, which was the high water mark of the Rebellion; a day which will ever be memorable from the fact that it was that, on which the tide was turned by the capture of Vicksburg and the victory of Gettysburg, the Provost-Marshal of the City of New York, with a plentiful lack of wisdom, began to enforce the " Draft " or conscription law. The War, or rather the mode, in which it was carried on, was violently opposed by many. The draft in itself was un- popular, particularly among the lower classes of natural- ized citizens. Besides this, great discontent had arisen from the method, by which the enrollment had been made, and vehement assertions were made by politicians and newspapers opposed to the administration, that it had been manipulated for partisan purposes. Taking advantage of this sentiment, a number of Confederate emissaries had worked up a strong feeling among certain classes in the city on the subject, and the beginning of the draft was followed by an outbreak, which led to an attack upon the Provost-Marshal's office, then situated 332 ^isforg of f^e ^wcnfgs^econb (gestmeitf 333 on Broadway and Twenty-eighth Street, where the In- ternational Hotel now (1895) stands, and to its being set on fire. This was followed bv other uprisings, which soon assumed the dimensions of a great riot. Then, as is the case whenever there is an outbreak which the police authorities are unable to control, all the disor- derly elements of the great city, those whom Henry George calls the Goths and Vandals of civilization, sprang to the front, and converted what was intended to be a movement against the enforcement of the "draft" into a mob, bent on pillage and destruction. It was known that the National Guard was all absent, and feeling that they could defy the police, this mob spread over all parts of the city, and conducted its work almost with impunity. They visited the buildings, manufac- tories and other places where workmen were employed, and compelled them to stop work and to join with the rioters. The day after the burning of the draft offices at Yorkville, and the Broadway block on Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth streets, there was an attack upon a gun factory in Twenty-third street, and many other buildings were sacked. The negroes were a special mark for attack, and it was dangerous for one to be seen. Many were attacked and beaten, or hung to the lamp posts without the slightest reason. Even the Colored Orphan Asylum was burned, and the poor little destitute children were turned into the street. The situation in the city was indescribable. Men were openly robbed in the streets, all business was stopped, the stages ceased running, and everyone was in fearful expectation of injury to their persons and property. 334 W)iBtot^ of f5e ^ttenfgs^econi QRegtmenf That portion of the armory of the -Twenty-second, on Fourteenth Street, in which the officers' and com- pany rooms were afterwards situated, was then under construction and a number of laborers were employed upon it. What was then the armory proper, that is the part afterwards known as the Gymnasium Building, was in charge of Sergt. George Arnold, the regimental armorer. Although the Enfield rifles and sword bayo- nets used by the regiment were all in the hands of those of its members who were in service, there were in the cellar 114 rifles with shank bayonets which had been used by the recruits of 1862, 4,500 rounds of ball cart- ridges (both of which Sergt. Arnold hid in the cellar when the riot broke out), and some fatigue uniforms. About noon on July 14, information was given confidentially to Sergt. Arnold by one of the workmen that the laborers intended to strike and join the rioters. George N. Gardner, a private in Company I, at once posted notices upon all the newspaper bulletin boards request- ing all members and ex-members of the Twenty-second who were in the city to report at the armory at 2 o'clock on July 15, and an advertisement to the same purport was taken to the Tribune by Right General Guide May Goldschmidt. The Tribune ^ff^s then expect- ing an attack, the rioters having threatened to burn it out. Its publication office was closed and barred and it was with difficulty that Sergt. Goldschmidt obtained admittance to the editorial rooms. These presented a decidedly military appearance, as editors, reporters and printers had procured arms and were prepared to defend the building to the bitter end. For almost the first time in the history of a great newspaper a person bringing JgtBforg of f^ ^wenfgs^econb QRegimenf 335 an advertisement was regarded as an enemy and obliged to explain who and what he was before he could gain admittance and have his money accepted. All of the Twenty-second who were in town and learned of the notice reported promptly. They were organized, armed, and uniforms were issued to such as were without them. Together they made a body of 116 strong, besides several officers, among whom were ex-Capt. Butler and ex-Lieuts. Gibson and Lord, of G Company, and Lieut. Townsend Cox of C Company. In the evening the command was marched to the Seventh Regiment Armory over Tomp- kins Market, where they reported to Major Nivers and united with the members of the Seventh Regiment who had not gone to the front, and who had assembled in like manner. At 9 o'clock the detachment of the Twenty-second and 70 men of the Seventh under Capts. Riblet and Ely were formed, loaded their rifles and marched down Seventh Street to the East River to protect Webb's shipyard. This was the great shipyard at which the ram Dunderberg, subse- quently purchased by the French, was under construc- tion for the government, together with a number of other vessels; and private information had been re- ceived that it was intended by the mob to destroy them. This march was not without excitement. The neighborhood was the resort of "toughs." Not a lamp was lit in the streets, the cobble stones were slippery with the drizzling rain that was falling, and every now and then a hole in the pavement would trip up some of the men, whose fall would be ascribed to the effect of some missile thrown from a roof. The only light was the fitful flashes of some burning factory or store- 336 j^tBforg of t^e $i»enfB<^econ& (Regimeiif house, that the mob were sacking in some adjacent streets — which were but a few of the many incendiary- fires that lit up the sky over New York during every night of that eventful riot. Occasionally squads of men on corners would scowl and jeer at the passing soldiers, but the force was too strong for them to attack and they allowed them to pass unmolested. Upon one respectable looking block they were greatly surprised to be greeted with hand clapping from the windows of some of the houses, which startled them more than the jeers and shouts of the crowds through which they had forced their way. At length they reached the shipyard, into which they filed by the light of several lanterns, and mounted a guard around it, the detachment of the Twenty-second taking the Seventh Street side and that of the Seventh that on Sixth Street. Those not on the reliefs of the guards slept as best they might on straw thrown among the ship timber. The sun rose pleasantly the next morning upon a body of men who might have been happiei\ The transition from a comfortable bed to a night's sleep on ship timber, in a drizzling rain, was something sudden. Taken in connection with the fact that none of them had had anything to eat since the day before, and that, in the haste of departure, no provision had been made for supplies or rations, the prospect for food looked somewhat gloomy. The detachment was a small one, and all the men were needed to protect what was con- sidered an important point. The force of rioters on the east side of the city was so great that it was not safe to send out a detachment unless of considerable ^tBfor^ of fge ?J;f»en<8«^econi QRegtmenf 337 Strength, which would leave an insufficient force to de- fend the yard ; so the men were obliged to go without anything to eat. About 1 1 a. m., however, a bevy of ladies from the neighborhood appeared, loaded with kettles, baskets and cans, containing food for the troops. They had been sitting in their homes, with barricaded windows and doors, in great fear, for two days; and they made a substantial acknowledgment of the relief that the presence of the soldiers afforded by bringing them some breakfast. It is a striking commentary upon the conditions which existed at this time that dur- ing the whole week that was spent by this detachment in the shipyard they were thus fed by the neighbors, no rations being sent them. It is unnecessary to say that the greater part of the food furnished by these hospitable friends was such as is usually served up at a tea, rather than such as a soldier desires and needs. Cake, pie and similar delicacies soon became monoto- nous for a steady diet ; and at the end of the week the men, if they could have had their choice, would have preferred plain pork to the nicest cake which the neigh- borhood could furnish. The second day after their arrival the detachment was reenforced by a howitzer and a crew of sailors from the Navy Yard, which added very much to their strength. They spent a week drilling, and mounting guard during the day and sleeping on the timber at night, few of the authorities knowing where they were. Several times they sallied out to attack the mob, but it did not dare to meet them, and fell back before their advance, while the soldiers could not follow, for fear of leaving the shipyard undefended. 338 %iBiotii of i^ ^weirfgs^econb QRestmenf The truth is that while the police did splendidly, the management of the military forces during the riots was most inefficient. Gen. Wool, and Gen. Brown of the army, and Gen. Sandford of the National Guard, all of whom were old men, were at cross purposes, and there was an utter lack of the firm, energetic action which was indispensable in such an emergency. In the report of Edwards S. Sandford to the Secretary of War of July 16, he states: * It is impossible to ascertain how many troops there are here, owing to the conflict of authority under which each officer will report those belonging to himself, and all others. Yesterday an officer received, at nearly the same time, five conflicting or- ders from as many commanders-in-chief ! The other reports show that this was not exagger- ated. Some of the Twenty-second who served in one of the parties sent out to disperse the mobs, found the same weakness. Although shot at and stoned, the strictest orders were given against firing. The result, of course, was, to embolden the rioters, so that when the troops did fire, many more men had to be shot than would have been the case if the action had been vigor- ous in the first instance. In fact, it would have been much better if, instead of breaking up the troops into small parties to guard different points, these had been reduced to a minimum, and the main force sent out in strong parties, with orders to attack the mob with the utmost vigor, whenever and wherever it was encoun- tered. On July 16, 1863, the detachment of the Twenty- second was reheved by a detail of regulars, and marched • Rebellion Record, Series i. Volume 27, Part 2, Sec. 891. WfiBiof^ of f^e ^wenfgs^econb (Rcstmenf 339 back to the armory, which they guarded until the arrival of the regiment. Several of the men, including the author's brother, J. Phelps Wingate (Company A),were subsequently attacked with typhoid fever and similar diseases, from sleeping near the outlet of the large sewer which emptied into the East River, near Webb's Shipyard. Some of these never fully recovered their health and strength. The Twenty-second, upon its return, found New York in a most demoralized condition. The draft riots had swept over it like a tornado. Many buildings had been burned, many people killed, and all were uncertain what might occur. While the return of the troops strengthened the public authorities and restored quiet, it was not considered safe to dismiss them ; they were, therefore, held in their armories, only a portion being allowed to leave at a time. This was very hard on the men on the night of their arrival. They were burning with anxiety to see their families, of whose safety they were in ignorance. They were also so dirty that their clothes were foul, and they were eager for a bath and a change of underclothing. But it was ordejs, and they obeyed. On July 19, the regiment was relieved for a day, except a strong guard, with orders to report immediately in case of a disturbance. Half the regiment was then ordered on guard on alternate days, beginning on July 20. The then armory of the Twenty-second was wholly unfitted for men to live in, and it was a great relief when, after remaining there for a week, the regiment was sent to Elm Park, at what is now Columbus Avenue and Ninetieth Street, where it went into camp to guard the 340 W>isiov<^ of f^e ^wenfgs^econb (Regimenf Croton Aqueduct. Here it remained for two weeks more. The draft being renewed on August 1 7, appre- hensions of a disturbance led to the calling out of the whole division. The Twenty-second kept half of each company on duty until September 5, and a guard of half a company was kept on duty in the armory until September 15. This duty was probably the most dull, monotonous and disagreeable that the Twenty- second ever performed. It was greatly worse than guarding Spinola's Brigade the year before, because in that case there was a specific object in sight and actual soldier's work to do, with a spice of danger. Here there was nothing to contend against, no rioters in sight, and nothing to do but " loaf," while everybody had long- neglected and pressing business to attend to. The ef- fect upon the regiment was distinctly bad, and caused many of its members to leave the service on the first available occasion. The men felt the tedium of the duty more than they should have done from the fact that there were but very few drills and practically no military work beyond a little sentry duty. In addition everything was allowed to run very loosely. This was a great mistake. Repeated experience in the Twenty-second demonstrates that when the regiment is called into service it should at once be put under thorough disci- pline and kept there until it is dismissed, every military formality being as carefully preserved as would be the case in a State camp. The men should not be left idle, but should be kept at work at drills and instruction, so that they will be occupied, kept interested and their presence insured. Any military movements that may ^iaiotTi of f9e ^iwenf^s^econi QRegtmenf 741 be expected to be performed should be carefully re- hearsed, particularly the firings and sentry work, and careful inspections should be had to see that every man is provided with what he needs and is not loaded down with what he does not need and cannot carry. Athletic games should also be started and, whenever practicable, short marches taken into the neighboring streets. By proper attention to these points a tour of duty in an armory will be a benefit to an organization. If they are neglected it will tend toward demoralization. # CHAPTER XXXIII. TO THE CLOSE OF THE WAR. "TN the early part of 1864 a great fair, for the benefit -*- of the " Sanitary Commission," was organized, in which the whole city took part and which was regarded as a municipal effort to add to the fund for relieving the sick and wounded soldiers of the Union. The Twenty-second tendered its armory for the use of the fair. The offer was gratefully accepted, and the city authorities, to aid the fair and help the regiment, con- structed, upon the vacant lots adjoining the headquarters building, the large drill-room, which was for twenty-six years the home of the Twenty-second. This was in its day considered one of the finest armories in the coun- try. The drill-room was upon the ground-floor and had a floor-space of 150 by 200 feet with a gallery on the south side. When first built, this room was practically divided into two parts by three brick piers, each four feet square, which were placed at intervals across its centre to support the cross-girders. These almost ruined it for drill purposes, but, in 1865, the regiment was able to have them removed and each replaced by a cluster of four small iron columns two feet apart. 342 ^ififorg of fge '^waxi^t^Konii QRegimenf 343 This, for the first time, enabled the entire space of the room to be utilized for drill purposes, and rendered battalion drills possible, as the men soon learned to pass through the columns without disturbing their formation. The opening of the fair was celebrated by a parade of the entire First Division. The fair itself lasted during April, May and June, and was an extraordinary success, result- ing in raising a very large sum of money for the Sani- tary Commission. The ladies having charge of the " lin- gerie department " had been given by Company A the use of its room, which was elegantly decorated and fur- nished and was the only one of the company rooms which was completed. They manifested their apprecia- tion of the compliment by presenting the company with a solid silver salver, pitcher and set of goblets. The company subsequently presented these to its captain, Edward M. Townsend, after he had been elected major. During 1864 and 1865, the question of whether the regiment would be again called into service arose at every reverse of the Union troops in the East, which was not an infrequent incident. This summons was regarded as being certain to happen at the time of Early's raid upon Washington in 1864, an attempt which came much nearer being successful than is commonly supposed. The officers and men of the regiment were therefore obliged to keep themselves constantly in readiness to respond to such a call, should it be made, and the apprehension of it compelled many men to leave the regiment, whose business or family relations were such as to render it impossible for them to serve in the field. It also made recruiting difficult. Those who were so situated as to be able to leave, enlisted in the 344 W)iBtox2 of f6e ^txienfgs^econb (Regtmetrf volunteers. Those who could not do so were unwilling to belong to an organization which was liable at any time to be called into active service. None but those who actually served during that period can appreciate the constant strain it was upon the regiment, when no one could tell but what the next day might bring orders for the field. On March 17, 1864, Col. Aspinwall tendered his resignation, being compelled to go abroad. At the urgent request of the Board of Officers, who were un- willing to lose his services, he was induced to withdraw it, and take a year's leave of absence. Lieut.-CoJ. James F. Cox assumed command of the regiment, and vigor- ously pushed its military instruction, in order to keep it in condition for service, having open-air drills every Saturday afternoon during April and May, in the Columbia College property, at Fifth Avenue and Forty- ninth Street, then an open field. A draft to fill the vacant ranks in the volunteer army was ordered to take place in July, 1864, and from apprehensions that another riot might take place, ' a guard was ordered to be kept in each of the National Guard armories, including that of the Twenty-second. This guard went on duty in July, 1864, and was con- tinued all through the summer. After a few weeks the strength of the guard was reduced, but it was increased in November, when the excited state of public feeling caused by the election for President rendered the situa- tion more critical. This, like the previous guard duty, ' was monotonous and disagreeable. In February, 1865, when a further draft took place, great apprehensions were entertained of another riot. ^xBiox^ of i^ ^fwenfg^^econb QResimenf 345 A guard of one company was kept at the armory of the Twenty-second for eight days, one-half of the men being constantly upon duty. A similar guard was maintained in the other National Guard armories, and all the com- mands held themselves in readiness to report forthwith in case of any disturbance. As is usually the case, the knowledge that the authorities were possessed of a mili- tary force ready to put down, with bullets, anv attempt to interfere, by force, with the administration of the law prevented its occurring. The regiment made a street parade upon Inaugura- tion Day, March 4, 1865. It also paraded, with other regiments and the regular troops, on April 10, 1865, at the funeral of Gen. Winthrop, who had fallen 'at Peters- burgh. On April 14, 1865, the members of the Twenty- second, who had been rejoicing over the great victories of the Union Army, and the conviction that the sur- render of the Confederate forces had restored peace, were, in common with the whole of the loyal North, plunged into the deepest grief at the astounding intelli- gence of the assassination of President Lincoln. The Fourteenth Street armory was at once draped in mourn- ing, including the company rooms. That of Company B displayed a mourning figure prepared by Thomas Nast, then one of its members, which excited much admiration. On April 24, 1865, the Twenty-second participated in the great funeral procession which escorted the remains of the martyred President through the heavily-draped streets of the city, and formed in line to " present arms," as the hearse which carried his body moved solemnly past, amid the silent grief of the crowds 346 J^ififorg of t^ ^wenfgi^econb (TRcgvmenf which thronged every avenue of approach. This was an occasion that will never be forgotten by anyone who participated in it. On July 4, 1865, the regiment took part in a great parade held to celebrate the advent of peace. Subse- quently during that year it paraded several times as escort to different regiments returning from the field, whose tattered flags and ranks, depleted sometimes to less than 100 men, entitled them to all the honor that could be shown them. CHAPTER XXXIV. AFTER THE WAR. TI7RANKNESS compels the conclusion that the close ■*- of the Great Rebellion left the Twenty-second in an unpromising condition. While that was no worse than was the case with the other organizations of the National Guard, the position of the regiment was never- theless serious and its prospects gloomy. This con- tinued until about 1870, when the introduction of rifle- practice helped to create a renewed interest, and the general military situation began to improve. It can hardly, however, be said that the National Guard has ever regained as much popular interest as it possessed prior to and during the War. The impaired condition of the Twenty-second, be- tween 1865 and [870, arose from a variety of reasons. The general condition of affairs in the National Guard is aptly stated by Gen. Emmons Clark in his " History of the Seventh Regiment," as follows (the author speaking, of course, of the Seventh and not of the Twenty-second :) There was some reason to doubt the future of the regiment. The financial and business affairs of the city were so unsettled that there was no permanency to enlistments, and there was constant change in the membership of companies. Many of 347 348 ^^tsfoifB of f^e ttwenfgs^cconi) Qftegtmenf the most active and valuable members had left the ranks for active service in the field as officers of volunteers, and their places had been filled by new recruits, with the varied motives for en- listment peculiar to the period. The new accessions were not always valuable, and the esprit du corps of the regiment, already somewhat impaired, was not likely to improve. These words were as applicable to the Twenty- second as to the Seventh. From motives of patriotism, many ofificers and men of the former had remained in service at a great personal sacrifice, as long as fighting was going on, so as to be ready to respond with their regiment if it should be called upon for active service. But when the Rebellion was ended and all danger to the country had ceased, they felt that the necessity for fur- ther personal sacrifice on their part no longer existed and took their discharges. During the last two or three years of the War the pressure upon National Guardsmen, arising from the constant liability they were under of being hastily ordered into service in the field, and from their being frequently called upon to leave their business to perform long tours of guard duty, had been increasing and had become exceedingly onerous.the constant antici- pation and uncertainty being often worse than the reality. It had consequently been more and more difficult in the Twenty-second, as was the case in other organizations, to maintain its membership and yet keep up its stand- ard in the selection of its recruits. In particular, a num- ber of the class of wealthy young men who had hast- ened to enlist in it during the excitement caused by the firing upon Sumter, had left the regiment to take com- missions in the volunteers. Others had found their en- thusiasm insufficient to last them throughout the hard- ^xBiot^ of f0e ^iutnt^'^uoni QRegtmmf 349 ships of the two campaigns in which the regiment had served, and the necessity of conducting their business for a series of years in such a manner as to meet the constant probability of the command being again called into service. They consequently dropped out when- ever they could, and it was impossible, in the then ex- isting condition of affairs, to wholly replace them with as desirable material. Another matter which had affected the Twenty- second to some extent was that several of its members of high social and business standing, who had found themselves unable to leave their business and families when the regfiment was called into the field, had sent their clerks to fill their places. These had served faith- fully and had become popular with their comrades, so that many of them who, upon their return, desired to become permanent members of the companies in which they had served, were elected to membership. This had a tendency to create something of a social breach in some of the companies. These, however, were all minor matters of a tempo- rary character. The real and great difficulty that the National Guard had to experience after the War, and from which it suf- fered for a number of years, was an absolute and utter lack of interest in military matters on the part of the public. The people now regarded soldiering as a serious and bloody business, and were heartily sick of it. War pictures would not sell. War stories could find no publisher. To those who were daily accus- tomed to read of great battles and military manoeuvres upon a grand scale, the idea of joining a National Guard 350 ^ieforg of f0e ^wmfgs^ecoitb QRegtmmf regiment, to make street-parades and to drill in an arm- ory, seemed like "playing at soldiering." For a number of years after peace was restored it was in consequence a hard matter for the officers of the Twenty-second, as it was for those of other organizations, to maintain its strength and efficiency, and they are consequently entitled to great credit for the success they achieved. With a few conspicuous exceptions, the enlistment of veterans of the War in the National Guard was not a success. Some of them proved to be the best of sol- diers. But, as a rule, instead of being models, they were more apt to be found to have acquired careless military habits, to be disposed to consider that they "knew it all," and, therefore, not willing to study, and to resent all criticism for the errors which thev were constantly making. In December, 1864, the regiment received from the State $6,154 on account of uniforms worn out in service m 1863, which was a great help to it at the time. On October 12, 1864, the dissensions that had ex- isted for some time in Companies E and K had become so pronounced as to lead to their disbandment. On February 22, 1865, the city honored the Twenty-second Regiment by the presentation of a stand of colors, the presentation being made by the Hon. John E. Develin. On May 20, 1865, the condition of the National Guard regiments was such as to induce the authorities to order a general parade and inspection, to determine which of them should be disbanded and which retained. The Twenty-second made a fine appearance, but many regiments did not, and a number of them were dis- banded by the State within a short time thereafter. %isiov^ of f^ ^twenfgs^econb (Regimenf 351 The meeting of the Board of Officers, held August 8, 1865, was notable as that at which Josiah Porter, subsequently the colonel of the regiment, and afterwards Adjutant-General of the State, was first introduced by Capt. Howland, who had secured his election to the captaincy of Company G, from which the former had just resigned. During 1865 Col. Aspinwall offered a set of medals for proficiency in drill, one to go to the best-drilled non-commissioned officer, or man in each company. The drill for these was public, and the competition was keen. They were publicly presented to the successful candidates at a parade of the regiment held November 21, 1865, after speeches by Col. Aspinwall and Gens. Sandford and Barlow. These medals were again com- peted for and presented on April 24, 1868. The following is a list of the winners of these medals: Co. 1865. 1S68. A Sergt. Geo. B. Goldschmidt. Sergt. E. A. Cunningham. B " John D. Edwards. Privt. E. D. McMurray. C Capt. WiUiam Taylor. " S. E. Briggs. D Sergt. Theo. H. Freeland. Corp. Joel R. Park. E Vacant. Privt. J. A. Vose. F Sergt. Edward Russell. Sergt. J. H. Greenfield. G " John Briggs. " Thos. Comiski. H Privt. William Wallace. Corp.DonaldVan Schaick. I Sergt. Theo. F. Allen. Privt. Edgar Lugar. On December i, 1865, the regiment, to its great regret, was deprived of the services of Col. Aspin- wall, who was on that day elected to the command of the Fourth Brigade. The Board of Officers passed appropriate resolutions of regret, but recognizing "that 352 ^tfiforg of i^ ^ixeni^t^tcon'b (TRestmenf his promotion was the due reward of military talent, ex- ecutive ability and long and able service." He was succeeded bv Lieut.-Col. James Farley Cox, Maj. Geo. B. Post being elected lieutenant-colonel and Capt. Ed- ward M. Townsend (Company A) major. Col. Cox was one of the origi- nal members of the Twenty-second, having been elected first-lieutenant of Company A when it was first or- , ganized. At the time of the depart- ■ ure of the regiment in 1862 he was , '■ . detailed to the command of Com- pany D, was elected captain of that company in the field, and, in the COL. JAMES F. COX. same campaign, was promoted to be major. In 1863 he was elected in the field to be lieutenant-colonel. Col. Cox had been in command of the regiment during Col. Aspinwall's absence, which had covered nearly twelve months before the election, so that for some time before he was actually elected he had practically come to be regarded as its colonel. Personally, he was a tall, fine-looking man, with black hair and side-whiskers, and very pleasant manners. He was always genial and friendly, yet dignified and firm. A thoroughly good officer, with a complete knowledge of the tactics, he was extremely popular in every com- mand he had ever held. During t lie period he com- manded the Twenty-second, he maintained without friction the regimental standard of efficiency in spite of many difficulties, and instituted many valuable improve- ments in the regimental administration. One of the most useful of these was the establishment of a regi- ^iBforg of fge twcnfgs^econb QResimenf 353 mental board for the examination of non-commissioned officers. These were first appointed on March 26, 1866, two years before such boards were required by general orders to be established, and their appointment was a most useful regulation. Col. Cox's business affairs only allowed him to retain the position of colo- nel for a short period after his election, and in Septem- ber, 1867, he was compelled to resign, greatly to the re- gret of the regiment. He was succeeded on February 8, 1867, by Lieut- Col. George B. Post, who had, in the meantime, com- manded the regiment, Capt. WilHam W. Remmey (Company B) being elected lieutenant-colonel. On May 21, 1867, Capt. Josiah Porter was elected major, Maj. Townsend having been appointed upon the brigade staff. Col. Post was then a well-known architect, and has since become celebrated in connection with his profes- sional work at the Columbian Exposition at Chicago, and with many prominent buildings in New York, He had originally commanded Company C from its organization to November, 1863, when he was elected major. He was made lieutenant-colonel in 1865. He was a handsome man, tall and fair, with a long blonde mustache, amiable and kind in his manners, and a good tactician, but was considered by some to be a little too easy as a disciplinarian. He commanded the regiment, COL. GEORGE B. POST. 1^4 W)i&iov2 of f^e $<»enfg«^econb (Rtcfltntni however, at a time when it was in a transition state, and when it was perhaps harder to maintain its discipline and strength than at any former period. Directly after his election, Col. Post issued orders requiring the adoption of the army system of books and papers. Upton's tac- tics having been then introduced,* he required the com- panies to drill by squads under the supervision of the lieutenant-colonel and major until they had learned them. It was not until 1866 that the farce of requiring the officers of the National Guard to parade annually, in order to call the roll of the " un-uniformed militia," was abandoned. Up to that time all able-bodied citizens were supposed to be enrolled as members of this mys- terious body, and were annually "warned " by notices, which they never saw, to appear at a specified spot and time for instruction. A National Guard officer was de- tailed to be at the place designated, to act as instructor, and was required to appear in uniform. All absentees were reported, and were fined $2, which fine was collected by a marshal, usually to the intense disgust of the de- linquent, and went to pay the expenses of the uniformed troops, taking the place of the annual appropria- tion for military purposes now made by the State. It is said that upon a certain occasion one man " appeared for instruction," with the result that the officer assigned to the district was so startled at this departure from established custom that he did not know what to do with him. The officer compromised, however, by ask- ing the man to take a drink, and then excused him. The law was absurd and extremely unpopular, and its repeal was beneficial to the National Guard. * See Chap. XXXV. Changes in tactics, page 372 post. 355 i. %iBiot^ of f 8e ^ttienfgs^econi (Reg^menf 357 In January, 1867, Maj -Gen. Alexander Shaler was appointed major-general commanding the First Division N. G., Gen. Sandford having been retired, and Gen. Aspinwall resumed the command of the Fourth Brigade. Geti. Shaler was not only an old National Guardsman, but had commanded a division of volunteers. He at once proceeded to put the division upon a military foot- ing in regard to its orders and correspondence, a matter to which no attention whatever had been paid under Gen. Sandford's placid reign. By a division order issued February 26, 1867, official letters were required to be sent through the regular channels, and the rules in force at the time of this writing (1895), in regard to books and papers, were prescribed. This may be said to have been the first of the many steps that have been taken since the War at the diffei'ent headquarters to increase the discipline and efficiency of the National .Guard, which haye resulted in making it a very different organization from what it had previously been. In February, 1867, the Twenty-second was able to procure the issue of muzzle-loading Springfield rifles, .58 calibre with triangular bayonets, in place of the Enfields, with sword bayonets, which it had carried so long, and the want of uniformity in which had been a source of constant annoyance. These Springfields would now be regarded as an antiquated weapon, but the change was then considered a great improvement. The use of the new rifle necessarily required the adoption of a new manual of arms.* The muzzle-loading Springfield was carried by the regiment until 1871, when the.. 50 calibre breech-loading * See Chap. XXXV., page 374 post. 358 ^ieior^ of f^e ^weni^'^ecoriii (Regtmenf Remington was substituted by the State. This rifle was selected by a board consisting of Adjt.-Gen. Franklin Townsend and Maj.-Gen. John B. Woodward, after a series of elaborate tests, as the simplest and best fitted for the uses of the National Guard of any that were pre- sented to it. The board reported that its members pre- ferred the. 45 cahbre to the. 50, but as they were informed by the authorities of the Regular Army that there was no intention upon their part to change the calibre of the Springfield (then .50), they considered the im- portance of arming the National Guard of New York with a rifle of the same calibre as that used by the Regular Army to be so great that they surrendered their own preferences and recommended that the new rifle should be of the army calibre. It is a striking commentary upon Regular Army management that within a brief period after the State of New York, in reliance upon this official assertion,, had purchased and armed its National- Guard with rifles of this calibre, the War Department adopted a new rifle having the very .45 calibre which the State Board reluctantly abandoned because the United States Ord- nance Department had informed it that it intended to retain the .50. In fact, in the publication known as "Ordnance Memoranda No. 15 — Small Arms" (1873) there appears at page 402 an oflicial report from the officers at Frankfort, that after a thorough test of dif- ferent calibres it had been ascertained that " no super- iority over the present service calibre (.50) has been obtained." The effect of this official statement, that whatever is "official" cannot be improved upon, is somewhat marred by the insertion in the same volume ^iBiot^ of i^ ^twenf^s^econb QRegtmeiif ^^g of the report of the Hancock Board that their experi- mentsshowed that the. 45 was far superior to the .50, and recommending its substitution as the regulation calibre, a conclusion which any National Guardsman familiar with small arms would have recognized as too plain for discussion. The adoption of the Remington created a great discussion throughout a portion of the National Guard. Much opposition was displayed against it in many quar- ters. Col. Austen of the Brooklyn Thirteenth was prominent in this and publicly and repeatedly de- nounced the new breech-loader as unsafe and not fit to place in the hands of his men. The Twenty-second, however, as has been its custom, took the rifles issued to it without comment or criticism, and thereby avoided making itself ridiculous. On August 12, 1868, the Twenty-second went into camp at Long Branch for a week. This was more like a picnic than a camp. The attendance was sparse and there was but little drilling. Most of the available time not devoted to having "a good time " was oc- cupied in rifle practice, all, of course, at 200 yards, off hand. Companies A and H here showed the benefit of the instruction they had previously received from their captains* by winning most of the prizes, a feat which did much to induce the other companies to adopt the system under which they had been instructed. The ladies staying at Long Branch showed their apprecia- tion of the social qualities of the regiment by procuring a handsome testimonial, which was presented to the Twenty-second on their behalf by Atty.-Gen. Brewster • See Chap. XXXVII. Inauguration of rifle practice, page 3S6 post. 36o W)iBior^ of f^e ^t»enf8«^econ& (TRegtmenf of Pennsylvania, at a concert given by the regiment on December lo, 1868. Col. Post resigned Sept 12, 1868, and was succeeded by Lieut.-Col. William W. Remmey, Maj. Josiah Por- ter being elected lieutenant-colonel and Capt. John T. Camp (Company E) major. COLONEL WM. W. REMMEY. Col. Remmey was a very small man, with a com- plexion like that of a girl, but he was "a soldier all through." He had been a private in the Federal Chas- seurs, and had joined Company B with them. He had served in this company through all the grades, and finally became its captain. As such, he had built up Company B until it had become the strongest and one j^ifitoirB of f 9e ^toentg^^econb (Regtmenf :; 6 l of the best companies in the regiment, and had estab- lished himself as the idol of his men. He was elected lieu- tenant-colonel in 1867. He was full of tact and a man of sound judgment, and managed the business matters of the regiment admirably and without controversy or fric- tion. Col Remmey was an expert drill-master and had a powerful and sonorous voice, which could be heard without difficulty above the noise of a battalion drill. He took great pride in the regiment, and greatly ad- vanced its drill and general condition during the period that he held the office of colonel, spending almost every evening at the armory. There he contracted a cold which settled upon his lungs, and, being neglected, passed into consumption, which compelled him to re- sign, greatly to the regret of the regiment. He died in 1875 from this disease, greatly mourned by all who had ser\'ed with or under him, and his funeral was largely attended by the officers and ex-officers and men of the Twenty-second. While in command, Col. Remmey encouraged the instruction of the companies in rifle-practice, and in May, 1869, took the regiment to Sing Sing, where the men were given a day's practice in firing at 200 yards.* The skill there displayed would not now be considered great, but it was a vast improvement over anything that had ever before been shown. He also caused an exhi- bition drill of the regiment to be given on January 19, 1869, before the State Military Association, at which it earned a great deal of reputation. In December, 1868, orders were issued that twelve taps upon the fire bell were to be a signal at which all • See Chap. XXXVIL, page 390 post. 362 %iBiot^ of f^e ^ttjenfgj^eeonl) QRegtmenf the officers and men were to at once report to the armory for riot duty. Col. Remmey resigned in July, 1869, and in October Lieut.-Col. Josiah Porter was elected colonel, Maj. John T. Camp lieutenant-colonel, and Capt. David S. Brown major. Wm. J. Harding, afterwards lieutenant-colonel of the Twenty-second, later of the Thirteenth, and sub- sequently colonel and assistant inspector-general of the State, was appointed adjutant. Col. Porter retained the position until 1885, when he was appointed adjutant- general of the State, a position which he held until his death, December 14, 1894. During his firm and efficient rule, the Twenty-second gradually abandoned whatever of "ante-bellum militia" ideas that it possessed and substituted army habits. General Porter was of medium size, rather thick set, with dark complexion and a square jaw, which showed the determination and force of character which were his especial characteristics. He entered military life as a private in the Boston Cadets, then became first-lieutenant in the Boston City Guard and afterwards adjutant of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery of Boston. He was commissioned April, 1 86 1, as first-lieutenant in Battery A (First Massa- chusetts Battery), of which he became captain July, 1861, and. saw hard service in the Army of the Potomac. He became captain of Company G in the Twenty-second Jan- uary 13, 1865, major May 10, 1867, lieutenant-colonel Jan- uary 30, 1869. As a company officer he was quiet and made no particular reputation beyond that of a good, reli- able captain and a thorough gentleman, but he was a most efficient colonel. msior^ of i^ ^aenfg^^econb (gegtmenf 363 During the sixteen years that he commanded the Twenty-second, he quietly effected an entire change in its methods and ideas. Up to that period, great atten- tion "had been paid by it to the social part of National Guard life. The regiment was continually giving recep- tions, balls and concerts, and going upon excursions. These were very pleasant, but involved large expendi- tures and great labor to little purpose from both officers and men. They also tended to distract their attention from military matters. But under Col. Porter's admin- istration these customs were almost entirely dropped. The motto adopted was, "When we are soldiers, let us be soldiers and nothing else." The standing of the army in drill and discipline was set up as the goal to be reached, and every effort was made to attain it. Col. Porter was peculiarly fortunate in the selection of his adjutant. William J. Harding was then a private in Company B. He had served throughout the entire War in the Armies of the Potomac and the James and in South Carolina, Florida, and Texas, rising from the ranks to the position of adjutant, and captain, finally becoming assistant adjutant-general and assistant inspec- tor-general of the First Division Twenty-fifth Corps. He enlisted in Company B of the Twenty-second July 14, 1867. He served as adjutant until January 7,1873, when he was elected captain of Company B. He re- signed January 20, 1876, was reappointed adjutant August I, 1877, and held the position until Februarys, 1886, when he was elected lieutenant-colonel, which position he held until July, 1888. In addition to the extended practical military ex- perience Adjt. Harding had acquired in the field, he was 264 J^isforg of f^e ^wmi^'^econii QRegtmenf a hard worker, a good organizer, and an admirable in- structor. No time was lost by Col. Porter in effecting the im- provements in the regiment that he considered neces- sary. In the order (General Order 15, November 11, 1869) issued by him assuming the command and an- nouncing his staff, he required that the fatigue uniform should be at the armory whenever a parade was ordered to be made in full dress, prescribed that all official communications should be addressed to the adjutant, and re-established the board for the examination of non- commissioned officers, which was to consist of Lieut.- Col. Camp, Maj. Brown and Adjt. Harding, and was to sit monthly. He also ordered special drills of the non-commissioned officers, and directed that all com- pany drills should be supervised by a field officer, who was to give special attention to securing uniformity of drill throughout the regiment. He also urged that " aiming drill " should be practiced in all the companies. Prior to the inspection of 1869 an order was also issued prescribing every detail of the ceremony, the effect of which was to make it pass off with unusual smoothness. This was repeated at each subsequent inspection for a number of years. In April, 1871, a regimental " recruit class," under charge of Adjt. Harding, was established, and the company " awkward squads " were abolished. This continued throughout Col. Porter's administration and proved a great success. The company squads were usually too small to secure the best instruction, and the inevitable tendency was to push the recruits into the ranks of the company as soon after their enlistment as possible. Each company squad, under the old system. ^iBior^ of f^e ^i»enfg«^econb QRegimenf 365 also acquired a somewhat different standard of drill and military efficiency. With a regimental class of instruc- tion, this was all done way with. No recruit was permitted to drill or parade with his company for any purpose until he had graduated from the regimental class and had received a certificate of proficiency, and had, in fact, become a good soldier. The drill was thorough, progressive, systematic, and uniform, great stress being laid upon discipline and military courtesies, both of which can be better impressed upon the mind of a soldier during his first period of service than at any other time. The effect was soon perceptible upon the regiment, the graduates from the class proving to be better sol- diers than the old members of their companies, who had been taught under the former system. Among those who thus received from Adjt. Harding the founda- tions of their military education was Gen. Fred. S. McLewee, now Inspector-General of the State, then a private in Company F in the Twenty-second; and not many years since a majority of the officers and non- commissioned officers of the Twenty-second were grad- uates of these regimental squads or of Adjt. Harding's schools of theoretical instruction. So thoroughly was this supervision of the recruits carried out, that regular quarterly reports were made by Adjt. Harding to the Board of Officers of the regiment, showing the gam and loss in each company and the character of the recruits which were being obtained. A school for officers was also established. An entirely new system of regimental and company books, records and files was also prepared under Adjt. Harding's personal directions, old orders hunted up and 366 ^teforg of i^ $t»enfg»^ecottb QRegimenf J copied, and every endeavor made to put the records and archives of the regiment in the verv best condition, and to replace v^^hat had been destroyed by the fire at head- quarters, or what had not been preserved. These efiforts were steadilv carried out, according to a well-defined plan, for a number of years, the officers' school being conducted by Col. Porter in person, and that for the non-commissioned officers by Adjt. Harding. The giving and returning of salutes was especially enforced. In 1877 Col. Porter had devised a system of street- riot drill. This was put into tactical form by Adjt. Harding, and was prescribed for the regiment in Gen- eral Order 14, June 10, 1878. The Twenty-second were frequently drilled in this system, especially during the period in 1878 when there was an apprehension of a riot. This system was afterwards adopted by Cali- fornia, and was much like that afterwards officially adopted in New York and other States. In it the com- mand was formed in double column, the front and rear companies protected the flanks by forming front into line, the interior companies obliquing outward, follow- ing and covering the outer flanks of the leading com- panies. In forming square, the front company halted, the flank companies formicd outward by fours, and the rear company wheeled "fours about." Col. Porter insti- tuted the system of having blank printed orders always kept on hand in the armory, directing the immediate assembling of the regiment in case of necessity. All drills were required to be conducted according to a pre- scribed and progressive method, and were carefully in- spected. So quietly and firmly were these innovations made, that, although there was at times some discontent. j^tBfor^ of f6e ^wenfgs^econb QRegimenf 367 it proved to be but a trifle and soon disappeared. Their effect was to add largely to the efficiency and reputation of the Twenty-second, and to give it esprit du corps which it had not had for many years. It is upon the traditions and system established by Gen. Porter that the Twenty-second is now being managed. When, upon his promotion to the Adjutant-Generalcy of the State, the Twenty-second was deprived of his guiding hand, the regiment ffelt like a child that has lost its father. The following tribute to the memory of Gen. Porter by Col. Church, who, as the editor of the Army and Navy Journal, had been for years familiar with his work, shows the great estimation in which he was held by military men : ADJUTANT-GENERAL PORTER. We give here an article prepared by the editor of the Army and Navy Journal, at the request of the editor of Harper s Weekly, and which appeared in the current number of the Weekly. We may say, in reference to what is quoted from Gen. Rodenbougli and Capt. Field, that every officer of the Regular Army who has, during recent years, visited the New York State Camp, as a representative of the War Department, has borne like enthusiastic testimony to Gen. Porter's ability. These re- ports were recently sent to the Governor-elect of New York by Adjt.-Gen. Ruggles, U. S. A., with an indorsement of like tenor. Gen. Porter was deeply touched by these testimonials to his work, as he was by what was said of him by his succes- sor in office, on the occasion named. Almost his last words, before he relapsed into unconsciousness on that night, were in acknowledgment of Gen. McAlpin's courtesy. At an entertainment given on Wednesday night, December 12, 1S94, by Company G of the Seventh Regiment of New York National Guard, I sat at the table opposite to Maj.-Gen. Josiah Porter, whose ninth year of ser- vice as adjutant-general of the State of New York was then drawing to its 368 ^{Bforg of f0e ^ttjenfgs^econb (^e^mtnt close — a service extending over the terms of three Governors. Gen. Porter was a pleasant dinner companion, but he was unusually silent on this oc- casion, and when he spoke briefly, in response to a toast in his honor, his mind did not appear to work with its usual freedom. The current of life which was so soon to cease its flow was even then moving sluggishly. Within an hour from that time Gen. Porter lay prostrated by a stroke of apoplexy in the elevated railroad car carrying him to his home. His com- panion, Mr. Leach, could obtain no help from sympathetic fellow-travellers, or railroad employees, to enable him to properly care for the stricken sol- dier, and the only couch vouchsafed to the helpless man was the hard plat- form of the railroad station, where the brakemau had deposited him as the train hurried on into the darkness. Experience with midnight revellers had made them skeptical of the assurances that this was a case of severe ill- ness. Assistance was finally obtained, and the General was carried to his home near by, and there he died on the following Friday, two days after his attack. By the side of Gen. Porter, at the entertainment referred to, sat the gentleman chosen by Gov. Morton to succeed him in office. Gen. McAlpin, and almost the last recollections of Gen. Porter's life must have been the generous and hearty words of praise bestowed upon him by the man into whose hands he would on the first of the coming January have surrendered his office, had not death given him a still earlier discharge from the re- sponsibilities he had borne so well. No post-prandial words of praise were ever more truthfully or more opportunely spoken than those by Gen. McAlpin. Gen. Porter was, he declared, the best adjutant-general the State of New York had ever had. Certainly he was the best one I have known in an experience of thirty years. To his ideals of soldierly duty, to his instinctive hostility to martial humbug, and to his quiet but persistent effort to rid the Guard of those parasitic growths of civilian pretence which sap the life of militia organizations, is largely due the efficiency of the New York State troops. He realized the responsibilities that go with the solemn sanction to wield the sword of State, and sought in every way to fit the men under him for the possibilities of actual service. He had learned by large experience the character of the men and the organizations he controlled, and he led them as far as he could, and further than anyone else ever has in the right direction, choosing for his standards those of the Reg^ar Army. Gen. Porter's fidelity to duty was an ancestral inheritance, for he came of the sturdy New England colonial stock. He was bom under the shadow of old Harvard, from which he was graduated, and his last resting-place will be near his early home in Cambridge, Mass. He was, in his youth, one of the few who devoted themselves to military studies at a time when the unthinking were saying, as they are once more saying, that there was no more prospect of war in this country " than there is of a man's going to heaven without dying." He served before our Civil War as a private of I^tcrforg of i^ ^t»cnfg«^econb (Hegtmcnf 369 the Boston Cadets, as second lieutenant in the Boston City Guard, and as adjutant of the famous Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Boston. When war came young Porter hastened to put his military training to account, and he was, in April, 1861, mustered into the service of the United States as first lieutenant of the First Massachusetts Battery (Battery A, Massachusetts Volunteer Artillery), and was promoted to captain in July, 1 861. Porter's battery was assigned to the Army of the Potomac under Gen McClellan, and it soon achieved reputation as one of the most efBcient volunteer batteries in the service. Its record at Gaines's Mills, at Frazier's ^ Farm, during the " seven days' battle" at Antietam, at the Second Bull Run, and elsewhere, is part of the history of that time, when true manhood was developed so rapidly in the fierce school of war. After his discharge from the military service, Porter established himself in New York as a practicing attorney, and was appointed to the bench. But his interest in military matters continued, and he was, in 1865, com- missioned a captain in the Twenty-second New York Regiment, being suc- cessively promoted to major, lieutenant colonel, and, finally, to colonel, in 1869. He brought this command to such a high state of efficiency that in 1882 it was placed by the assistant inspector-general. Gen. T. F. Roden- bough, of the Regular Army, at the head of all the regiments in the State in point of general excellence, the Seventh New York following next. "Asa whole," said Gen. Rodenbough, of this command, " it approaches more nearly to the standard of the true soldier than any command in the State. Its colonel (Porter) is especially able and competent. The review and dress parade were, without exception, the finest I ever saw as to align- ments, distances, manual and perfect steadiness." Similar high praise was given by another officer of the Regular Army who inspected the regi- ment, Capt. Field, Fourth Artillery. "Calm dignity," said this authority, " sound judgment, and quiet inflexibility were the characteristics of Col. Porter. I have seen nothing that approached his scientific methods." The application of the characteristics here referred to, his higher duties as adjutant-general, is the secret of Gen. Porter's success in that office. The reforms he introduced into the administration of military affairs in the State of New York make his administration an era in the history of the National Guard. He had the soldier's directness and simplicity of charac- ter, and his estimate of the relative importance of soldierly efficiency and mere military display was in accord with the best standards. Without obtrusive good fellowship Gen. Porter was a genial gentleman among those with whom lie was familiar, and his genuine ability made un- necessary a display of reserve toward those over whom he held authority. He was always approachable, and his ends were accomplished by quiet force of character rather than by a display of authority. He wasburiedon Monday, December 17, with military honors, his body being accompanied to the railroad station from St. Andrew's Episcopal 370 5»sfetB of f^e ^wmfj^^econb QResimmf Church by Troop A, the Twenty-second Regiment, his old command, and the First New York Battery. Wm. Conant Church. GEN. PORTER'S FUNERAL.* The funeral of Adjt. -Gen. Josiah Porter, by request of his family, was conducted as simply as possible, and the military honors were confined merely to those prescribed in regulations. But for this request. Gen. Louis Fitzgerald would, in pursuance of the authority invested in him by the Commander-in-Chief, have ordered out both the First and Second Brigades. The ceremonies were held on the afternoon of December 17, the services being held in St. Andrew's Episcopal Church, 127th Street and Fifth Avenue. The Twenty-second Regiment, Col. Camp ; the First Bat- ter}', Capt. Wendel, and Troop A, Capt. Roe, were detailed at the funeral as escort. Full-dress uniform and overcoats were worn, and the com- manding oflEcers of the escort reported to the brigade chief -of-stafE, Col. Olin, at 2 : 20 P. M. , on Fifth Avenue, at the comer of 127th Street. James Monroe Post, 607 G. A. R. , of which the General was a member, were also present among the many assembled to pay their last respects. The cere- monies were simple but impressive, and it is doubtful if in the history of the National Guard of New York there has been so large and representa- tive a body of guardsmen at the funeral of a deceased member. The ar- rangements at the church were admirable. Gen. Fitzgerald, who had charge of the funeral, detailed Capt. N. B. Thurston, of the Twenty-second Regi- ment, to take charge of the seating, and 2,700 people were seated as pre- arranged, without any confusion whatsoever. By request of the family there was no military escort with the body from Gen. Porter's residence to the church ; and the remains on arriving at the church were received \vith honor; but, by further request of Gen Porter's family, the coffin was con- veyed in and out of the church by the undertaker's assistants, and was taken to the train in a hearse instead of on a caisson. As the coffin was to be opened again at Cambridge it was thought this course was deemed ad- visable, as least likely to disturb the remains. The paU-bearers were Gen. James McLeer, of the Second Brigade ; Gen. Robert Shaw Oliver, of the Third, and Gen. Peter C. Doyle of the Fourth; Brig. -Gen. Joseph D. Bryant, Surgeon-General ; Gen. J. M. Varian, Chief of Ordnance, and Gen. Ferdinand P. Earl, Chief of Artillery. Among those in the church were the family of the deceased ; Major-Gen. N. A. Miles, U. S. A. ; Gov. Flower and staff. Gen. L. Fitzgerald and staff. Gen. James McLeer and staff. Gen. R. S. OUver and stafi, Gen. P. C. Doyle and staff, all of New York ; Gen. Stryker of New Jersey, and the staff of Gov. -elect Morton; Col. Appleton and all the officers of the Seventh Regiment ; Col. "Welch and staff of the Sixty-fifth Regiment; Col. Fitch and staff. Tenth Battalion; Col. Butt and other officers of the Twelfth Regiment ; all the other colonels and staffs in • Army and Navy Journal. ^ififorg of i^c ^wentgs^econb Q^egtmcnf -.71 the First and Second Brigades were present and in uniform, besides many other line officers from different parts of the State. The colonel of the Ninth Regiment was the only regimental commanding officer who was not present with his staff in uniform. He attended, but in civilian's dress. A large- number of ex-officers and members of the Twenty-second, who had served with and under General Porter, together with a number of ex-officers of other regiments, were also present. After the service the body was exposed to view. The General was attired in the full uniform of his rank, and at his throat was pinned the State long and faithful service medal, issued for twenty-five years' service. This medal, by the courtesy of Messrs. TifEany & Co., the jewellers who received the contract from the State for manufacturing the new decorations, was hur- ried forward, and the deceased General was the first to_receive it. Besides the above, there were on the General's coat a Grand Army of the Republic badge and the twenty-year service medal of the Twenty-second Regiment, pinned over his heart. The body was carried from the church to the hearse with the dead soldier's flag, hat and sword lying on the casket. His horse, fully caparisoned, with boots in reversed stirrups, was led by a colored at- tendant. The funeral cortege marched to Fifth Avenue, to 1 24th Street, to Madison Avenue, to Ninetieth Street, to Fifth Avenue, to the Grand Central Station, where there was a special train waiting to take the body to Boston. The body was buried on December r8, in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Mass., Insp.-Gen. McGrath, now adjutant-general, and Asst Insp.-Gen. Harding accompanying the remains. # CHAPTER XXXV. CHANGES IN TACTICS. ' I "HE Twenty-second began its military instruction -*- under " Hardie's Tactics," which, like those of Scott (which they had supplanted), were an adaptation from the French. That nation was then recognized, as the Germans now are, as the highest military authority, and its example was therefore followed in drill and uni- form, as is the case now with German ideas. Col. Hardie having become a prominent general in the Confederate Army, " Union sentiment " would not tolerate that any system that bore his name should be used to instruct the Northern forces. Consequently, early in 1862 a system prepared by Gen. Silas Casey, U. S. A., was adopted by the War Department in place of '• Hardie." Gen. Casey's work, like that of Lieut.- Col. Hardie, was an adaptation from the French. In fact, it differed but little from " Hardie." In both there was no manoeuvering in single rank. In forming col- umn of fours, facing to the right, after facing in that direction, the odd-numbered men of the rear rank stepped one pace to the right of their file leaders, and the even-numbered men placed themselves upon the right of the odd-numbered men of the same rank. In facing to the left, the even-numbered rank men stepped 372 %iBiot^ of f0e ^wenfgs^etonb (^^^maxi 373 each to the left of their front rank men, and the odd- numbered men stepped to the left of the even-num- bered men. As the position of each man was different in each facing, a company needed to be well drilled that could "face clear around" without some man in the ranks making a mistake as to his position and causing confusion. There was an arbitrary front and rear and right and left which continued at all times without re- gard to what was the actual front or right. Conse- quently, movements by battalion, when faced to the rear (when the actual right was the left and the actual front was the rear, and which was termed manceuver- ing "by inversion"), were excessively complicated, an elaborate series of movements being required to place a battalion into the position now obtained by a single "fours left about." The consequence was that even in cases of emergency in actual service, a commanding officer would countermarch his regiment* rather than to risk the confusion that might follow if he should ma- noeuvre it "faced to the rear." When at Harper's Ferry the Twenty-second were drilled to some extent in Col. Monroe's systems of com- pany drill and bayonet fencing, the latter of which was very good. Neither, however, was officially adopted. About 1866 the regiment was instructed in " Mor- ris' Tactics," an improvement upon Casey, writ- ten by Gen. Wm. H. Morris, United States Volunteers, and the principles of which bore some resemblance to those which were afterwards contained in " Upton." The regiment had hardly acquired a knowledge of this ♦To "countermarch" was to form into fours and file around the entire length of the front, until the left was where the right had previously been. If the line was long, this manoeuvre consumed considerable time. 374 ^iBtox^ of f0e ^wenfg'^cconb QRegtmeni new system when, in 1867, it was displaced by the adop- tion of " Upton's Tactics." These, for the first time, apparently, introduced the " wheel by fours," and made many other simplifications in drill which were so clearly consistent with common sense that it is a matter of surprise why they had not always prevailed. " Upton " remained in force until the adoption of the "new drill- book" in 1892, a period of twenty-nine years. In addition to the different systems of tactics which it has been required to learn and unlearn, the Twenty- second has had also to acquire a knowledge of three different manuals of arms. It was at first armed with the Enfield muzzle-loading rifle, with sabre bayonet. These rifles were shorter than the Government Spring- field, so that in loading the butt was placed between the feet instead of in rear of the left foot. The manual of the bayonet was peculiar, and the rifles would not "stack" securely. When the Springfield muzzle-loaders were adopted the manual was of necessity altered, only to be changed again when the Remington breech-loader was adopted in 1870. As the regiment was also instructed in artillery drill when behind the works in Harper's Ferry in 1862, it will be seen that the experiences of its older officers in the matter of acquiring different styles of drill have been varied, if not instructive. CHAPTER XXXVI. CHANGES IN UNIFORMS. /^N October 28, 1863, a review and inspection, in full ^-^ uniform, of the Twenty-second was held in Wash- ington Square by Gen. Ewen. This was the first appearance that the regiment had made in full uniform for a considerable period. The adoption by the Confederates of a gray uniform had created a prejudice in the North against that color. The " strawberry gray," * which was almost the same as the uniform of the Confederate artillery, was practically abandoned after the Harper's Ferry campaign of 1862; and on September 29, 1862, after its return from the front, the regiment adopted the "Chasseur " uniform. This consisted of a dark-blue short-skirted tunic, with sky-blue edgings, shoulder-straps and cuffs, and loose sky-blue trousers of the " peg-top " or French pattern, fourteen inches larger at the waist than the actual measure, and plaited at the waistband, and a dark-blue fatigue cap or kepi, with the seams edged with light- blue cord. This uniform cost $16, and the cap $2. The officers adopted the uniform of the Regular Army. * Page 18, Chapter II. First uniform^, arms and officers. 375 3^6 I5i6forg of f0e '^wtni^'^uon'b (T^egtmen^ While serving in the field in Pennsylvania, the regi- ment left its Chasseur uniform in the knapsacks of the men at Bridgeport, and on the march across the State wore its blue cap, with the Army blouse and trousers, as it had done at Harper's Ferry the preceding year. The officers used the regimental blue cap, with the fatigue uniform of the Regular Army. On November 6, 1863, the Twenty- second adopted epaulets for the rank and file, made of mazarine blue cloth, with a scroll and " 22 " in silver on the top, and having a white fringe. The officers wore gilt epaulets. Capt. Howland (Company G) hav- ing suggested the word"Defendam" as a regimental motto, it was formally adopted on December i, 1863. In October, 1864, the regiment adopted " Short's patent knapsack." This was made upon scientific prin- ciples, so that the weight depended up- on a yoke on the shoulders. It was kept in position by two short arms on each side of the waist, thus avoiding the use of any straps across the chest. It was the only comfortable knapsack the Twenty-second ever carried, until it adopted the " Merriam pack" in 1895. The first aid the Twenty-second had received in the way of furnishing it with uniforms (except the fatigue issued by the Government in service) was in December, 1864, when, in order to encourage recruiting, the In- spector-General authorized the issue of 200 Chasseur STATUETTE OF FATIGUE UNIFORM 377 ^isforg of f^e ^iwenfgs^econb (Regimmf 379 uniforms for the use of the regiment, consisting of jacket, trousers and cap. The contract price paid by the State for these uniforms was less than that which was required to purchase the quality of uniform then worn by the regiment. The difference was paid by the men receiving them. This issue was a great help to recruiting. It marks the beginning of the new era when the State began to recognize its obligation to uniform the National Guard. It was only just that it should do so. Yet it is by no means certain that it was entirely advantageous. Where men can join the National Guard without its costing them anything, many become members who have not that military feeling which is indispensable to make them good soldiers. They soon *tire of the restraint, become lax in the performance of their duty, and court martials and expulsions become common. On the other hand, those who are sufficiently interested to purchase their uniforms, while, perhaps, comparatively few in number, are enthusiastic and faith- ful soldiers. It is as if they had a certain amount of capital invested in their company and regiment. Prob- ably the medium course is best — for the State to issue the fatigue uniform, and contribute towards the cost of the dress coat, and for the men themselves to pay the difference. About this time also the regiment received from the State payment for the uniforms that had been expended in field service at the rate of $1 1 per man. On August I, 1865, the present regimental pin was adopted. A dress hat, or shako, similar to that now (1895) worn by the Seventh, was adopted January 12, 1867, having a bronze device in front, designed by the 380 ^tBforg of f0e imeni^t^uovii) (JRegtmenf writer, much like the pin, and having the figures " 22 " in the centre. This hat had a plume of white horse- hair faUing forward nearly to the visor, with a blue worsted ball at its base, and was set in a gilt socket. White duck gaiters, nine inches long, were also added to the uniform, and white trousers, to be worn in sum- mer, without the gaiters. The field officers adopted a white heron plume. The long, drooping horsehair plume being found to throw too much weight on the forehead, it was, in 1868, converted into something like a shaving brush by cutting off the falling part. In 1869 a drooping plume of white swan's feathers, with a blue top, was substituted. At this time the officers wore the regulation blue frock coat, with wide light-blue trousers and white * " spats." On March 15, 1867, they also adopted for fatigue a round, visorless cap, such as is worn in the English army. This was smart and soldier-like, but, as it did not shade the eyes, a peak was afterwards added. This uniform was neat, comfortable and soldierly, but made the rank and file appear short and ungraceful, and was therefore not popular. A more stylish-looking dress uniform being desired, a committee was appointed, in June, 1868, which, after long deliberation, submitted several samples. A dark-blue frock coat, not unlike the present (1895) State coat, was approved by the Board of Officers, and also by a divided regimental vote, but finally, in January, 1869, this action was, unfortunately, reconsidered, and an entirely different uniform was adopted by an almost unanimous vote of the different companies. It will be well for future dress committees to know that the reason for this was that the new uni- I^iaforg of f^e ^wenfgs^econb (Regtmenf 381 form, when exhibited to the regiment, was worn by Samuel E. Briggs (afterward captain of Company A), who had a fine soldierly bearing and figure, which made the uniform look much better than it afterwards ap- peared when worn by the regiment. This uniform consisted of a dark-blue swallow-tail coat, with light-blue trim- mings; light-blue trousers, cut straight, with a white stripe; dress hat; plume, white swan's feathers, tipped with blue (adopted May, 1869); white epaulets, white belt and gloves. Its cost was $43. The fatigue uniform consisted of a dark-blue fatigue jacket, Chasseur trousers, blue cap, leggins and black belt. At this period it may be remarked that almost every rrian wore boots, instead of shoes. The boot-legs did much to interfere with the appearance of the leggins. In February, 1869, the wearing of white leggins by the officers was aban- doned, and they also adopted gilt in place of black belts. The first parade in this uniform was made in September, 1869. The plume of white feathers, tipped with blue, which had been adopted in place of the " shaving brush," proved to be unsatisfactory, and in January, 1871, a white pompon was substituted. This uniform was retained until January 24, 1876, when the regiment adopted the white double-breasted frock coat and blue trousers, with black stripe, which it wears at the time of this writing (1895). The swallow- STATUETTE OF DRESS UNIFORM. 382 %i&fot^ of f6e ^wenfgs^econb (Regimenf tail dress coat was considered as sufficiently effective as a mere matter of display, but was not as neat and sol- dierly as the white coat, nor was it sufficiently distinct- ive. For fatigue, the regiment adopted a blouse, to be worn with the blue trousers, thus doing away with the necessity of having two complete uniforms. The dress hat, epaulets, etc., were not changed. In 1870 the regiment adopted a cartridge box, having the regimental monogram, costing $2.87, and a new cap pouch and bayonet sling. In 1880 the helmet was adopted instead of the French dress hat. The latter was gladly dispensed with, as it was very uncomfortable, the weight being thrown too much upon the forehead. It is doubtful, however, if the black helmet adopted by the State has been any improvement over the dress hat, either in appearance or in comfort. The white helmet certainly is both. The full dress white coat, when adopted, cost $24; trousers, $10; dress hat, $4; pompon, 50 cents; fatigue coat, $9; cap, $2; belt and plate, $1.50; car- tridge box, $2.25; bayonet sheath, 75 cents; knapsack, $4.50; overcoat, $16. Total, $75. In June, 1895, there was added to the uniform of the Twenty-second a campaign hat for field service. This was a high, broad-brimmed, soft, drab felt hat, such as is worn in the Army. It was similar to that worn by the members of Landis' Battery in the campaign of 1863.* At the same period the first sergeants of the regi- ment were given a sword instead of a rifle. This was a partial return to the times of the War, when every * See cut, page 162. 383 ^ififoirg of f^ ^t»enfg«^econb QR^Stmeiif 385 sergeant carried a straight, cross-hilted sword, besides his rifle and bayonet. The doing away with the carry- ing of a rifle by the first sergeants was an innovation. It was also a decided improv.;ment in the direction of efficiency. Their rifles were always in their way, par- ticularly in the performance of the duties required of them under the new drill regulations. Although the change deducted one rifle from the firing force in each company, the first sergeants could perform their duties so much better without it as to more than compensate for this loss. CHAPTER XXXVII. INAUGURATION OF RIFLE PRACTICE BY THE TWENTY- SECOND. A^ S previously stated,* the original members of the Twenty-second had received some in- struction in firing at Baltimore and at Harper's Ferry. This had been of the most rudiment- ary character and had taught them but little more than how to load and fire their pieces with ball cartridge. During the Pennsylvania campaign there was no instruction whatever in re- gard to shooting. Those members of the regiment who had not served in the field with it in the preceding year were so absolutely ignorant in regard to the use of their rifles that they did not know whether, in loading, to put the bullet into the barrel base or point first. This was explained to them, and they were also taught to reload when the charges in their rifles were wet. But here all attempts at instruction stopped. The utter ignorance in regard to the use of their rifles displayed by his comrades * See, as to Baltimore, Chap. V. , page 45, and as to Harper's Ferry Chap VII., page 68. 386 Wfiaiov^ of i^t ^ttenf^s^econb QRegtmenf 387 in these two campaigns made a deep impression upon the mind of the writer, then a member of Company A, he having been always familiar with firearms, and being a good shot himself. When, in 1866, he became captain of Company A, he determined to endeavor to instruct its members in the use of the rifle. At that time his brother, J. Phelps Wingate, also a member of Company A, was in England, where he had been compelled to go to recover from the effects of typhoid fever which he had contracted while guarding Webb's shipyard.''' The writer obtained from him copies of the text-books used in the English Volunteers and in the British Musketry School in Hythe. From these he prepared a system of instruction in aiming drill and candle practice, in which he drilled his company. Capt. Radcliffe B. Lock- wood, of Company H, which drilled on the same night as A, became greatly interested in the matter and drilled his company in the same manner. The two companies united in putting up a series of small targets along the east wall of the main armory for candle practice. These, at first, were ordinary candles, but later consisted of small tin discs, having for a bull's eye a circular hole an inch in diameter, behind the centre of which was a small gas jet, a plan which was devised by Capt. Lockwood. The explosion of a cap on the muzzle- loading rifles then in use threw a column of air from the barrel with considerable force, so that if aim was taken at the bull's eye with the muzzle of the rifle a foot away, the Hght would be extinguished, if the aim was true. After this practice had been continued for some months the writer succeeded in inducing the con- * See Chap. XXXIL, Draft riots, page 332. 388 ^tBforg of f^e ^wenfgs^econb QRegimenf tractors with the supervisors then repairing the armory, to construct a target at the northeastern end of the drill room. This was built of square pieces of wood, so placed that the bullets would go into the ends to prevent split- ting, and enable the target to be renewed. The writer obtained the idea from the wooden pavement which was then being put down in the streets. Practice was had with reduced charges at this target on Saturday nights. The progress in shooting made by Companies A and H, and the interest taken by their members in the matter, ex- cited considerabte attention in the regiment, and in June, 1868, when the Long Branch encampment was decided upon by the Board of Officers, i,t was determined that rifle practice should constitute one of its principal feat- ures. To stimulate interest in the shooting, the regi- ment provided several handsome prizes, and others were offered by Gen. Aspinwall and others. At the request of the Board of Officers, the writer pre- pared the rules for the firing in- tended to be performed during the camp, which were officially promulgated August 12, 1868, in regimental orders. In connection with Capt. Geo. J. Clan Ranald (Company F), the writer supervised the practice. He devised for use, during this encampment, a double re- volving target, since known as " Wingate's Target,"''^' which, at the time of this writing, is in use at West Point and several other army posts. *This is desci-ibed in Blunt's ' ' Small Army Firing Regulations," page 173. PLATE XXVIL ecHCRAL wmOATC-s tahqct. l^tBforg of f$e ^wcnfgs^econ?) QRegimenf 589 The value of the armory instruction which Com- panies A and H had received was demonstrated by their members winning nearly all the prizes at Long Branch. The natural result of this was to induce the other com- panies of the regiment to give an increased attention to the subject. As there was no book to be had from which the officers could obtain the in- formation necessary to en- able them to instruct their men in shooting, the writer was requested by the Board of Officers of the Twenty- second to prepare some- thing of that description to be printed for regimental use. In compliance with this request, he wrote a small pamphlet, based upon the system that he had developed in the instruction of Com- panies A and H, which he presented to the Board of Officers in April, 1869, at which date he was compelled, much to his regret, to resign from the regiment, in con- sequence of removing from New York City. The regulations contained in the pamphlet were officially adopted, and the Board, at the same time, presented to their author a handsomely-engrossed and framed set of resolutions, expressing their thanks for the services he had rendered to the regiment in this matter, and " for his long and faithful services as Secretary of the Board." These regulations were printed by the regiment, and 3 go j^istot^ of f^ ^wenfgs^econb Qftegtmenf were used hy its oflRcers for several years in instructing their companies, with marked success. This^instruction was then, and for a long time after, peculiar to the Twenty-second, nothing of the kind bemg avtempted in any other command either of the National Guard or in the Army. An excursion was made to Sing Sing by the Twent}^- second in June, 1870, for the purpose of testing the progress that had been made in rifle practice. Com- mittees were appointed, under whose supervision markers' pits were dug and revolving targets erected, such as had been used at Long Branch. A firing man- ual was also adopted, and a number of prizes were offered by the Board of Officers as rewards for the best shots. The writer (who, as above stated, had resigned from the regiment) was requested to supervise the shooting, and did so. The firing was at 200 yards' standing, and a very creditable degree of skill was dis- played, although it was raining, which made it difficult work with muzzle-loaders. The first prize was won by John H. Turner (A) ; the second by J. H. Glock (F) ; the third by Joseph Crowell (C); fourth, Alex. Roux (B); fifth, W. L. Crowell (C) ; sixth, H. B. Thompson (F) ; seventh, William B. Kemp (B). Extracts from the in- structions thus prepared for the use of the Twenty- second were published in the Army and Navy Journal on September 11, 1869, and led to the practice being taken up by the Forty-seventh of Brooklyn and Sixty- fifth and Seventy-fourth of Buffalo, and one or two other National Guard organizations. The matter was also taken up by New Jersey, the National Guard of which had several days' official target practice in Sep- ^teforg of f^e ^twenfgs^cconb (RegimeHf 391 tember, 1869, and October, 1870, by orders from Maj.- Gen. Plume. The Twenty-third of Brooklyn also went to Long Branch for target practice on October 4, 18 71. The instructions which had thus been prepared by the writer were afterwards elaborated by him in a series of articles published in the Army and Nazy Journal dur- ing 1869 and 1870, which excited much discussion in military circles. They led to the formation of the National Rifle Association in September, 18 71, of which their author was made secretary, and afterwards vice- president and president. These regulations constituted FIRING LYING PRONE. the foundation of " Wingate's Manual of Rifle Prac- tice," which was written at the request of the National Rifle Association to supply a book which would serve as a manual of instruction for the National Guard. This work was adopted by the State of New York and by other States, and was for a number of years the official and, in fact, the only text-book upon that sub- ject, and is the foundation of the system of rifle practice now used in the Army and in the different States.* * Capt. S. R. Blunt, U. S. A., in the preface to .his " Instructions in Rifle Firing," adopted by the Secretary of War December 20, 18S8, states: " Gen. Geo. W. Wingate, formerly the General Inspector of Rifle Practice of the National Guard of New York, who first introduced rifle practice as a regular part of the military instruction of the National Guard of this coun- try, permits me to use his ' JIanual of Rifle Firing,' which, besides being 392 ^teforg of f0e ^toenfgs^econb (Kejimenf " Armory Practice, Under the Regulations of Capt. Wingate, Prepared for the Twenty-second," was pre- scribed by Col. Porter in regimental orders on Feb- ruary 3, 1870, and was thereafter followed by the regi- ment until "Wingate's Manual" was officially adopted by the State of New York. It will thus be seen that the action taken by the Twenty-second constituted the true inception of the movement to introduce rifle practice as a part of the military instruction of troops, which led to the estab- lishment of Creedmoor, and which practice has now become universal in the National Guard of the country and in the United States Army. The regiment may therefore justly claim to have originated this important military innovation, which is conceded by all soldiers to have so largely added to the efficiency of our troops, both in the Army and National Guard.* In 1 87 1 the National Rifle Association began the construction of its range at Creedmoor. The Twenty- second appointed a committee of officers on aiming and firing on September 4, 1870. At this time Capt. Geo. J. Clan Ranald, of Company F, vigorously pressed the subject of rifle practice, so as to insure that the the first exponent of the present system of practice, also contains ad\4ce and suggestions which the Army marksmen have long followed ; he also furnished me with a large amount of manuscript which he had prepared upon rifle firing for the Army. This I have found of great value, and have largely used, especially that part relating to the practice and training of rifle teams, upon which subject Gen. "Wingate has had an experience and opportunity for observation hardly equalled by any officers of the Regular Army." * The late Major-Genl. T. W. Sherman publicly stated that he considered that the introduction of rifle practice by the National Guard of New York, as a part of military instruction, was equivalent to the addition of more than a Division to the military forces of the United States. GENERAL GEO. W. WINGATE, GENERAL INSPECTOR OF RIFLE PRACTICE, N. G. S. N. V. 393 J^ififorg of f^ ^wcnfgs^econb (Hestmeiif 395 regiment would be prepared when Creedmoor should be opened. He was fortunate enough to have in his company one or two riflemen who had been prominent in Wimbledon, and with their aid and experience soon had his company as enthusiastic as himself. Adjt. Harding, being a good shot, was also deeply interested in the matter. Company F formed an association, hired a field at Clifton, N. J., upon which they erected iron targets and constructed a regular rifle-range ac- cording to " Wingate's Manual." This range was com- pleted and ready for operation in 1872, a year before the opening of Creedmoor. The following is the official application for permission to use this range : Company F Twenty-second Regiment N. G. S. N. Y. New York, May 15, 1872. His Excellency Joel Parker, Governor State of New Jersey, Freehold, N. J. Sir : — I have the honor to inform you that the members of Company F Twenty-second Regiment N. G. S. N. Y., having formed a permanent organization for the practice and improve- ment in rifle shooting, have arranged to hold the first annual prize meeting on Saturday, July 6, 1872, at Clifton, N. J., and respectfully request that you will accord my command the priv- ilege of entering and shooting in the State of New Jersey. I propose to have iron targets erected, proper mantlets constructed for the markers, and to conduct the matches in strict accordance with the rules and regulations adopted and in use in Great Britain and Canada, and will pledge myself that the utmost precaution shall be taken to insure the^afety of the con- testants and spectators. I enclose herewith a copy of the rules and regulations adopted by the company, which I trust will meet with your 396 ^ieiot^ of f^e iweni^'^econt) (Regtmenf approbation. Should you accord me the privilege, I shall esteem it an honor if j'ou will countenance the meeting by your presence. Very respectfuU}-, Geo. J. Clan Ranald, Captain Company F Twenty second Regiment N. G. S. y. \ '. The Remington breech-loading rifle was issued to the regiment in September, 1872, and its introduction was a great help to the new movement. On December 20, 1872, steps were taken in regard to the formation of a regimental rifle association. This resulted in a meeting of the regiment on March 11, 1873, at which Col. Porter presided. At this meeting "the Twenty-second Regiment Rifle Association " was formed, each company of the regiment being repre- sented in its management. This Association there- after had the direction of rifle practice in the Twenty- second, taking charge of the range and organizing a number of different rifle matches. This range at Clifton was used by the members of the Twenty-second during the years 1871, 1872 and until Creedmoor was regularly opened for practice in 1873, the regiment going there as a body twice during 1872. The use of the Clifton range was also granted to several companies of the Seventh and Seventy-first, who were desirous of improving themselves in shooting. The first annual prize meeting of Company F was held at Clifton July 6, 1872. In addition, systematic armory practice was kept up by the regiment during 1872, one of the companies being required to shoot each night, under careful regulations. The rules of the National Rifle Association were adopted by the regiment June r is- Cm 3 O w 3 k 1 £■ 1- ISO ■• S"! ."P> Ha f* O 3 ' 397 ^^tBforg of f3e ^ttjenfgs^econb (Regtmenf 399 3, 1873. The benefit of this instruction was apparent in the first matches of the National Rifle Association, where the team of the Twenty-second swept everything before them. At the opening match of the National Rifle Asso- ciation June 21, 1873, the Twenty-second team made a score of 263 points as against 161 for the United States Engineers and 158 for the Twenty-third N. G., the next competitors. This 1 team consisted of Capt. Harding, captain of the team, Lieut. Horsfall, Sergt.-Maj. Roux, Drum- Maj. Strube, Sergts. Murphy and Wagner, Privts. Backer, Brill, Carmichael, Cocks, Freeman and Lockwood; reserves : Lieut. Dunning, Privts. Barry and Howard, and was selected by the oaia 01 ivianagement 01 ^^^^.^ j^ pj^^j Division match, won the ReSfimental Rifle ASSO- ^y P^vate a. Cocks, Twenty second ^ Regiment. ciation. At the fall meeting of the National Rifle Associa- tion in 1873 the teams from the other regiments had greatly improved, but not enough to equal that of the Twenty-second, which won the First Division match by a score of 263 against 235 of the Twelfth and 239 of 400 j^iBforg of f5e ^tDenfgs^eeonb (^eesimeni the Ninth, their closest competitors, and the Army and Navy Journal match by a score of 211 against 152 of the Seventy-ninth, 151 of the Twelfth, and 108 of the United States Engineers. The team also won the State prize, besides a large number of prizes in individual competitions. Their success created great excitement in the regiment. The Board of Officers tender- ed the team a vote of thanks, and had a large picture of its members, taken in a group, hung in the Officers' room. It also presented to each member of the team a copy of the picture and an engrossed set of resolutions of thanks, certified by the President and Secretary of the Board of Of- ficers. The humiliating defeat which they had sustained stim- ulated the other National Guard regiments to such exertions that the following year, while the Twenty-second team won the State prize, they were unable to make the " clean sweep " which had pre- viously been their custom. In 1873, upon the establish- ment of systematic class-firing at Creedmoor, the Clifton range was given up. Some of the companies of the regiment then joined the National Rifle Association in a body, and the members of the Twenty-second were conspicuous in its matches for many years. Army and Navy Journal Cup. Won by the Twenty-second. % 3 ^^ ^ ^ S 8 S I ;4 J. c H .^ == o; I 5 t r 3 S S i? # ^ s r ^ ? ^ f 5' s' c s, a "^ 1 Pio I t It sr 3 \ « ',2- ^ -if ?1^ 401 402 Wtieior^ of i^ ^t»enfgj^econb (Regtmenf It is to be regretted that the success attained by the team in these first matches induced a more lavish ex- penditure upon their support and maintenance than was judicious, and more than the regiment could afford. A camp for the team was kept at Creedmoor for several years which was very expensive. This, coupled with •the disappointment arising from the inability to win everything in the later matches, as had been the original custom (al- though the team always shot well), led in December, 1875, to the dis- bandment of the Regimental Rifle Association, and, after a few years, to the discontinuance of the organi- zation of a team by the Twenty- second. In 1877 the Twenty-second established a challenge badge to be shot for at Creedmoor. In 1879 Lieut.-Col. Belknap presented a handsome trophy for competition by company teams in the armory, which has since been regularlyshot for. The failure to maintain a team had the same effect in dimin- ishing interest in rifle practice in the Twenty-second that regimental histories have shown that it produces in other organizations. The possession of a team of twelve men, however skilled shots they may be, in itself adds but little to the shooting strength of the regiment. But experience has established thatthe competition for places upon the regimental team, and the victories it wins, do much to stimulate and maintain the general interest in shooting. The team men are of great assistance as in- Adj. -General Rathbone's Bad^e for highest score in State Match (1873). Won by Private Leon Backer,Twenty- second Regiment. ENIKANCE 'lo CREEDMUOR KANGKb. 20O VARDb' I'lRliNU AT CREEDMOOK. 403 J5»8forg of i^e ^toenfgs^econb (Regtmenf 405 structors, particularly when the regiment is doing its " class-firing." They are also valuable in instilling among the younger members of the regiment an idea of the im- portance of learning to become good shots, and gen- erally in keeping up the interest of the regiment on the subject. Without a regimental team this is difficult to accomplish. The Twenty-second, while occupying the Fourteenth Street Armory, labored under peculiar diffi- culties on account of the very poor facilities the armory afforded for practice. These, coupled with the abandon- ment of a regimental team, caused such a falling off in the interest taken by its members in rifle practice that in a few years it lost its posi tion as the leading regiment in the State in that respect. Since its removal to the new armory, where its mem- bers have the advantage of a good rifle-gallery, and through the indefatigable exertions of Captain M. E. Burnton, its present (1895) Inspector of Rifle Practice, its standard of rifle-firing has rapidly improved. In 1894 there were 602 marksmen (which was more than the number present in the regiment for inspection), besides a number of sharpshooters and experts. The following is the record of the regiment in rifle practice since 1875, as shown by the official records of the General Inspector of Rifle Practice: state Prize, 1874. Won by Twenty- second Regiment. Score, 295. 4o6 %istot^ of i^c '^wmi^'^uont) QRegtmenf RIFLE PRACTICE IN THE TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT FROM ITS ESTABLISH- MENT BY THE STATE TO 1895. a u QRegimenf Having been only this day apprised, while at the Capitol, of the actual condition of things here with reference to pro- posed processions to-morrow, and having, in the belief that my presence was needed, repaired hither immediately, I do make this proclamation. The order heretofore issued by the police authorities in reference to said processions having been duly revoked, I hereby give notice that any and all bodies of men desiring to assemble and march in peaceable procession in this city to-mor- row, the twelfth inst., will be permitted to do so. They will be protected to the fullest extent possible by the military and police authorities. A military and police escort will be fur- nished to any body of men desiring it, on application to me at my headquarters (which will be at police headquarters in this city) at any time during the day. I warn all persons to abstain from interference with any such assemblage or processions ex- cept by authority from me ; and I give notice that all the pow- ers at my command, civil and military, will be used to preserve the public peace and to put down, at all hazards, every attempt at disturbance ; and I call upon all citizens, of every race and religion, to unite with me and the local authorities in this de- termination to preserve the peace and honor of the city and State. Dated at New York this eleventh day of Julj', a. d., 1871. John T. Hoffman. By the Governor, John D. Van Buren, Private Secretary. On the same afternoon orders were issued requiring all the regiments of the First Division to report at their armories early the next day in readiness for service The entire police force of the city was also ordered on duty. The Governor's vigorous proclamation, and the an- nouncement of the measures he had caused to be taken to preserve order, elicited almost unanimous approval I^teforg of f^ ^wenfgs^econb (Kegimenf 4 1 5 from the press and the general public. It did not, how- ever, deter the anti-Orangemen, who, for some un- scrutable reason, seemed to have completely lost their heads. Some of their leaders endeavored at their meet- ings to induce them to abandon the idea of interfering with the procession, but the attempt was a failure. The permit for the parade was not issued by the police au- thorities until late in the day. This, it was asserted, was with the idea that it would then be too late for the Orangemen to organize their procession. This was a mistake, as they were as obstinate as their opponents. At 6 A. M. on July 12 a large body of police was massed around police headquarters in Mulberry Street, and the remainder of the force, together with all the city regiments, were on duty and stationed at various points throughout the city near the localities where trouble was apprehended. One regiment, together with the Washington Gray troop, was despatched to Elm Park to protect the residence of Mr. Heiser, which had been threatened with destruction on account of the assistance which he had rendered to some Orangemen who had been injured in the previous year. A large body of laborers who were at work upon the Boulevard stopped work early in the day and proceeded down town, attacking on their way all other laborers that they met who were not Irish. A detachment of police was sent to quell the disturbance. As it threatened to assume dangerous proportions, the troops at Elm Park were ordered to reenforce the police. Their presence put an end to this part of the riot. Other detachments of police or soldiers were from time to time despatched to other points of threatened danger. These points were 4i6 %iBior^ of t^e ^wenfu^^econli (Regtmenf constantly increasing. Riotous crowds were assembling at dififerent portions of the city and parading through the streets, creating great alarm among the residents. This was well-founded, as many of these bodies were composed of thieves and toughs who had organized for the purpose of beginning to pillage as soon as the police should be engaged with the rioters. On every side there were indications that, unless the growing dis- turbance was soon checked, another " draft riot " was imminent. Rumors of terrible doings in the central and upper parts of the city were circulated in the down- town districts. These were readily believed, and the business communities in consequence became wrought up to a high state of feverish apprehension. The regiments which were to constitute the escort of the Orange procession comprised the Sixth (Col. Story), the Seventh (Col. Clark), the Ninth (Col. Fiske), the Twenty-second (Col. Porter), and the Eighty-fourth (Col. Mitchell). These were placed under the com- mand of Brig.-Gen. Joshua M. Varian, then command- ing the First Brigade of the First Division. A body of 600 policemen was detailed as an addition to the escort. The Twenty-second Regiment assembled at its armory early in the morning of July 12, and, as is cus- tomary with it upon all occasions where dangerous work is to be performed, paraded with full ranks. At about noon, in pursuance of orders received from Maj.- Gen. Shaler, the Commandant of the First Division, the regiment marched, under command of Col. Porter, to Eighth Avenue and Twenty-ninth Street, which was the point of the assembling of the Orangemen's pro- ^ieiov^ of f^ ^wenfgs^econb (Regimenf 4 1 7 cession. The march was made in silence, without music, the field and staff officers parading on foot. The Twenty-second was the first body of troops to reach the ground. It found a large body of police assembled there, guarding the Orangemen, whose parade was the cause of all the disturbance. These were a small body, reported as being 61 in number, and were apparently a very respectable class of men. Each wore a broad, orange-colored sash over his shoulders and a white apron. Their marshal, a man named Johnson, wore a blue coat, buff vest, white trousers, and a high black hat, with the other regalia of the order, including an orange-colored sash, fully ten inches wide, extending from his left shoulder to his waist. He rode a chest- nut horse, being the only mounted man in the pro- cession. Before the arrival of the regiment the police had been able to keep Eighth Avenue comparatively clear. But the side streets, particularly to the west, were filled with an unruly crowd. This was composed of the "toughest " kind of characters that the men in the Twenty- second had ever encountered. It was con- stantly overflowing into the avenue, notwithstanding the efforts of the police to keep back those who com- posed it. There having been no music to give any in- formation of the approach of the regiment, its appear- ance was therefore a surprise. The sudden entry of a solid column of disciplined men, marching with military precision, into this scene of disorder, at once produced a marked change in the condition of affairs. The regi- ment was cheered by the Orangemen and hissed by the mob. Gen. Varian not having arrived. Col. Porter held a short conference with the officer of the police 41 8 ^tBforg of f3e $t»enfg«^econ& QRegimenf who was in charge of the force on duty there. He then formed the Twenty-second in line on the edge of the westerly sidewalk of Eighth Avenue, facing east, with its right resting at or near Twenty-ninth Street, and immediately gave the order "to load with ball and car- tridge." This was almost the last appearance of the regiment with muzzle-loaders, and, in loading, the men were careful to exhibit the bullets to the rioters in front of them, and to let them observe that they were in- serted into the barrels of their rifles. The fact that the regiment had loaded "with real bullets" was speedily communicated to the crowds near by by those who had witnessed the fact. It seemed to be unexpected, and, for a short time, had a demoralizing effect upon the mob. Relying upon this, the police then determined to clear the avenue and to drive the crowds back to the heads of the streets, the officers in charge remarking they "would play with the mob no longer." In re- sponse to the shrill police whistles, the policemen sprang forward in a body upon the mob, clubs in hands, plying them with a vigor and effect upon the arms, legs, shoul- ders and heads of those composing the mob, and quickly stampeding them. They broke at once, making a wild rush down the side streets, and leaving a clear space, into which the regiments which had been designated to con- stitute the military escort formed as fast as they ap- peared. Gen. Varian having arrived, the escort was formed by him in Eighth Avenue, in the shape of a hollow square, enclosing the Orangemen in the centre. The Twenty-second was formed in column of fours, and marched on the right flank of the parading Orangemen ; J^tfiterg of f^c ^fwenfgs^econb (Rcgtmenf 419 the Eighty-fourth, in a similar formation, marched on the left flank. The left wing of the Seventh led the procession in column of companies, and the Sixth and Ninth regi- ments, also in column of companies, followed in the rear of the Orangemen. A strong detachment of police, extending from house to house, constituted a rear guard. Before the procession moved, the right wing of the Seventh was posted by Gen. Varian in line along the westerly sidewalk of Eighth Avenue, facing eastward, with the left resting on Twenty-eighth Street, to ob- serve the movements of an armed mob which had taken possession of the houses on the eastern side of the avenue. Orders were given to them to fire upon any persons who made any hostile demonstrations from the windows or tops of these houses. The formation being completed, the procession began its march down Eighth Avenue. The side streets, and also the windows, doors and roofs of the stores and houses on the avenue and the eastern sidewalk of the latter, were packed with a yelling, jeering, hostile mob, composed of the worst elements in the city, shouting curses and threats at the passing Orangemen and their escort. These harmless expressions were soon followed by showers of missiles of every conceivable sort, includ- ing bricks, stones, vegetables, crockery, slops, filth, garb- age, etc., which were hurled from the housetops and windows at those in the procession. Every few minutes the sharp crack of a pistol-shot could be heard over the roar of the crowd. As the column advanced these shots became more and more frequent. When these 420 3§t6forg of i^t ^t»enfg«^econb (Ke«ftmenf assaults were made from the houses in front of the right wing of the Seventh, which was opposite the point of commencement of the march, they were returned by shots from these companies. These were fired by in- dividual soldiers at the command of their officers, and the fire, alchough inaccurate (as few of the men then knew how to shoot), did much to keep down the attacks. The police and detectives, dressed as civilians, kept abreast of the column, and did valiant service, dashing into the crowd and clubbing and dragging into the col- umn prominent rioters, and also seizing pistols and other weapons from the ruffians who had collected upon the stoops and sidewalks, the mistake having been made of not keeping the avenue clear from house to house. When the head of the procession reached Twenty-third Street Gen. Varian ordered a halt, for the purpose of giv- ing the right wing of the Seventh time to rejoin the left wing at the head of the column. This halt was a grave error. It probably led the mob to think that the resist- ance in front had stopped the procession. At all events, its effect was to excite them to renewed attacks. When the right wing of the Seventh formed into a column of fours and proceeded to march up the west sidewalk of Eighth Avenue, the procession had passed beyond the cover of their fire, and was at a halt. Upon it the storm broke forth with redoubled fury. The shower of missiles became a veritable bombardment. This was accompanied by the crack and flash of pistols from the sidewalks and windows, while the wild roar of cries and jeers from the crowd drowned all orders. The mob pressed close to the rear of the column, particularly at Twenty-seventh Street, and on several occasions the %iBtor^ of f3e ^wenf^s^econi (Regtmenf 421 rear guard of police turned and made fierce charges upon them, driving them back again and again. A large number of soldiers in the procession were struck. Many were painfully, some seriously, and several mor- tally injured. Two were killed upon the spot. Nearly all of the troops carried unsightly marks of the foul character of some of the projectiles. Sergt. McCul- lough, of the Twenty-second, received a painful injury on the knee from a brick. The indignation felt by the soldiers needs no description. In addition to their anger from their personal treatment and the sympathy they felt for their comrades, who were being momen- tarily injured around them, there was added the appre- hension that at any moment they might themselves be struck down by some of the deadly missiles which were flying about them. Nothing but military discipline kept them from returning the assaults made upon them ^5? by the mob, and it is not surprising that before long this gave w^ay in some of the organizations. This was particularly the case in the Ninth, whose colonel, the notorious "Jim Fisk," was no soldier and had therefore neither the respect nor the confidence of his regiment. From the window-blinds all along the street jets of smoke spurted out, showing that the inmates were dis- charging pistols at the procession. A man partially hid by a chimney stood upon one of the roofs loading and firing a musket at those in the street. A woman, who, in defiance of the mob, waived a handkerchief at the Orangemen, was shot dead by a maddened rioter standing behind her, the whole top of her head being blown off. A wooden awning and news-stand situated on the 42 2 35*^^<"f8 of ^^ ^wenfgs^econb (TRegimenf southeast corner of Twenty-fourth Street and Eighth .Vvenue had heen occupied by a mob of rioters, who were armed with pistols, bricks and missiles of all de- scriptions. As the portion of the procession containing the Orangemen reached this point a member of the Eighty-fourth was struck by a pistol-ball, and Capt. Douglas, a captain of one of the companies in that regi- ment, was felled by a blow on the head. Whether or not Capt. Douglas gave an order to fire was a disputed question. The men of his company, however, either assumed that he gave it, or, being enraged at his fall, opened fire at the crowd from which the missile which injured him proceeded. This firing was more in the way of a fusillade than a volley, and was taken up by the rest of the Eighty-fourth. It was aimed to the eastward at the mobs who were in the houses and on the side- walks of Eighth Avenue and in the adjacent streets. Its nature may be judged from the fact that ex-Capt. Palmer, of the Twenly^second (who had volunteered to serve with his old company, C, as a private), stated that when he turned to see the cause of the firing the rifles of the Eighty-fourth were at all sorts of angles in the air, and looked as if the regiment was coming to a bad "support arms." The firing rapidly passed to the rear, and was taken up by the Sixth and the Ninth Regi- ments. These were in column of companies, but in some unscrutable way managed to fire to the eastward. In doing this it was believed that they injured some of their own men. After firing, they broke and scattered so that the avenue was almost clear. The com panics of the right wing of the Seventh.which was tlien on the western sidewalk of Eighth Avenue, ^^ieforg of t^ ^i»enig«^econb (Regimenf 423 halted, and faced to the east. The others were in column of platoons in the avenue into which they had wheeled before breaking into fours. Lying in the street were a number of injured National Guardsmen. Among these was Private Paige, of the Ninth, whose head had been smashed with a coping stone. The leading companies of the Seventh which were in line at once opened fire on the mob on the east side of the street and in the houses. This was done under orders, and was " at will," so that many of the men fired several shots each. One of these killed the man who was shooting from the roof, just as he was leaning forward to again fire his musket. Adjt. William J. Harding, of the Twenty-second, had taken advantage of the halt to pass down the regimental column for the purpose of delivering cer- tain orders from Col. Porter to the company com- manders. In doing so he had reached the sixth company in column, when suddenly the sharp sounds of irregular, running firing rang out from the left flank and the rear columns of the escort. Instantly many men of the Twenty-second faced in the direction of the firing, and instinctively formed line by executing fours left, at the same time bringing down their pieces to the position of "ready." Knowing that no authoritative command to fire could have been given to the Twenty- second in the formation in which the regiment had been halted, Adjt. Harding ran briskly along the front of the line of the Twenty-second to the head of the regimental column, knocking up the rifles with his sword and shouting as he passed. "No firing, men, no firing; steady, men, steady." As he ran along he received /j.24 Stetorg of f^ ^wenfgs^econb (ftegtmen^ successive reassuring responses from dozens of men and officers, "All right, Adjutant; all right." At the first indication of firing the police on the east flank of the procession had thrown themselves flat upon the ground, and had thus almost wholly escaped the bullets. Although many were killed and wounded,* they were few compared with the number of shots that were fired. The riot took place while Creedmoor was being laid out. The Twenty-second was the only regi- ment in the escort that had, at that time, had the least instruction in shooting.f With the exception of such as had served in the field, the great majority of the members of the other regiments had never fired a ball cartridge. None of them could shoot as the National Guardsmen of the present day (1895) understand the word. They were consequently inclined to be nervous and somewhat afraid of their guns when the latter were loaded. This made their fire ineffective when directed at the rioters who were throwing bricks from the roof or firing pistols from the windows. It also made the soldiers themselves unsteady, and largely contributed to the firing without orders which took place upon this occasion. As an example of this combination of igno- rance and nervousness it may be stated that the writer was informed by an officer of one of the regiments that was engaged in this riot that when the rifles of its men were examined after its return to its armory, quite a considerable number were found to have more than one charge in them. This showed that the men who used * See estimate at page 431, post. f See Chap. XXXVIII., "Inauguration of Rifle Practice," page 392, ante, ^taforg of i^ ^i»enfg«^econb (Regtmenf 425 them had put the bullet in the barrel before the powder, and then, not noticing in their excitement when they fired that the explosion of the cap had not discharged the cartridge, had rammed another load on top of the first. This, however, was not an uncommon occurrence with soldiers using muzzle-loaders. On some of the battlefields of the War rifles have been found that had three, four and even as high as seven loads in them. In other words, they were filled up nearly to the muzzle by their over-excited and probably thoroughly scared owners. One of the results of this riot was to impress upon the leading officers of the National Guard the im- portance and, in fact, the necessity of instructing the different regiments in rifle practice.* This greatly helped the work of the National Rifle Association arrd of the Department of Rifle Practice when the latter was organized by the writer in 1874. The firing ceased as suddenly as it commenced. Then came a perfect pandemonium. The howling, furious mob was now completely panic-stricken. They made a wild rush in all directions to escape, jumping on each other, breaking in the doors and windows of the stores, and acting like maniacs. The groans and cries of the wounded were heard in all directions. All discipline appeared to be lost in the Eighty-fourth Regi- ment, which broke its ranks and surged back through the Orangemen nearly to the west side of Eighth Avenue. The parading Orangemen not unnaturally retreated before the rush of the Eighty-fourth, and many of them began to take off their insignia prepara- * See Col. Porter's order, page 433, post. 426 Wfisior^ of fgc ^toenfgj^econ?) QRegtmenf tory to flight. The situation was indeed critical, and threatened for a moment to break up the Orange pro- cession. But those who excitedly attempted to pass over to the west side of the avenue were confronted by the solid line of the Twenty-second, which stood there in double ranks, shoulder to shoulder, at a " charge bay- onets." This steady front gave a confidence to the Eighty-fourth and the Orangemen, which gradually restored order, although the confusion and excitement on the east side of the avenue was very great for a time. The regimental surgeons, particularly those of the Twenty-second, at great personal risk came out from the column and cared for the injured police, soldiers and rioters who were lying in the streets. It is unneces- sary to say that at this day there was no such thing in the National Guard as stretchers, litters or ambulances. Many of the wounded were carried atvay by their im- mediate friends or fellow rioters, but a number of the dead remained where they fell until long after the pro- cession had gone on. The order of the troops in protecting the parading Orangemen was now changed by Gen. Varian. The Eighty-fourth was relieved and the Twenty-second ex- tended not only down the left flank of the column, but also across the rear and partly upon the right flank of the procession, the remaining gap being filled b.y the Ninth. Order being finally restored, the Orangemen resumed their places and also their insignia, which many of them had hastily removed. The guarding columns then closed in and the command moved forward. As it started crowds gathered in over the scene of the late JgtBforg of i^t ^ttjenfgs^econ?) (Regimenf 427 conflict and gazed with appalled eyes at the forms of the dead and dying who were scattered through the streets. Shouts of execration from the women rang along the column, but the men who had formerly been the loud- est in the attack seemed terrorized by the lesson which had been taught them, and attempted no further assault. The procession continued its march through Twenty- third Street, Fifth Avenue, Fourteenth Street and Fourth Avenue to the Cooper Institute. As it passed through Fourteenth Street the soldiers and Orangemen were cheered by the spectators, much to the disgust of a crowd of rough-looking men who hung along the skirts of the procession. As the procession passed through Fourth Avenue a number of minor attacks were made upon it and some missiles were thrown. This attack, however, was promptly broken up by a charge of the police. In Union Square a number of pistol- shots were fired at Johnson, the Orange marshal, and the police made several arrests. On reaching the Cooper Institute, where the main attack had been intended to be made by the rioters, the troops were deployed and cleared a wide space, extending from Ninth Street to the junction of Fourth Street and the Bowery. While this was being done the Orangemen quietly doffed their insignia and disappeared, as if the ground had swallowed them. The regiments there- upon returned to their armories. Mr. Johnson, the leader or marshal of the Orange- men, was, without doubt, the bravest man of the day. He was the only mounted man in the procession. As above-stated, he wore clothes which were equivalent to a uniform, in addition to the full regalia and broad 428 ^isiot^ of t^t ^wenfgs^econb Qftegimenf orange scarf of his " order." He consequently pre- sented a conspicuous target at which many a missile was hurled and shot fired. But he rode coolly along, look- ing straight ahead, with apparent unconcern, from the formation of the procession to the place of dismissal. That he escaped unhurt must be regarded as marvellous. Col. Porter's official report, written at the time, concisely states the doings of the Twenty-second for the remainder of the day as follows: The men of this command, under the faithful and constant supervision of their ofHcers, stood firm, maintained their posi- tion, and did not fire a single shot. There was no assault of any consequence, as far as I know, made upon the column dur- ing the rest of the march. The column marched — this regiment continuing as a guard — seven companies on the right flank of the procession, one company on the left flank and one in the rear — through Eighth Avenue, Twenty-third Street, Fifth Avenue, Fourteenth Street, Fourth Avenue to the intersection of Third and Fourth Avenues. At this last point the procession which we guarded dispersed, and, by order of Gen. Varian, this regiment cleared the avenues from Eighth Street to the in- tersection of Third and Fourth Avenues, and down to Fourth Street, and then formed in double lines across the avenue at Fourth Street, facing south. In this vicinity lai-ge crowds were assembled, both in front of the regiment and in the side streets. No demonstrations of any serious nature were made, however, in my front or vicinity, although the detective police near us made a considerable number of arrests, and, particularly along Fourth Avenue, took a large nunrber of pistols and other weapons from men in the crowd on our flank. A little before 6 o'clock p. M. we were relieved by the Sixth Regiment (Col. Sterry), and, by direction of Gen. Varian, proceeded to our armory to await further orders. Arriving at the armory I caused an inspection of arms to be made. During the evening I have permitted a few members to be absent for about an hour at a time for the j^iBforg of f3e ^wenfgs^econb (Regtmcnf 429 purpose of visiting their families in cases of sickness or where there appeared to be urgent reasons, but no more than five or six men have been absent at any one time from any one com- pany. The regiment is now held at the armory for further orders: present, 29 officers and 378 enlisted men; total, 407. The drum corps, but not the band, has been with the command dur- ing the day. I would respectfully call attention to the gallant conduct of Surg, Rodenstein and Asst.-Surg. Roberts, of my staff, who, at the time of the affair at Twenty-fourth Street, and while the firing was still going on, went to the assistance of the wounded in Twenty-fourth Street and assisted in remov- ingthe wounded policemen and others to aneighboringdruggist's. I desire, also, to speak in the highest terms of the gallant con- duct and valuable service of the detachments of police in my front and on my flank. Col. Porter's commendation of the police was fully deserved. Their conduct throughout the day was most efficient. It was known that a disorderly crowd had collected at the junction of Twenty-third Street and Broadway, and an attack upon the procession was anticipated at that point. Before reaching it the police gathered their prisoners in a body at the head of the column and marched them past, each having an officer alongside of him who held a revolver at his prisoner's ear. The spectacle was most impressive and destroyed all the ideas of an attack upon the procession, which the crowd which had assembled there had previously entertained. The police never permitted any demon- stration to gain headway. The least attack was in- stantly met by them by a fierce charge, in which their night sticks were freely used and which at once quelled any threatened outbreak. 420 ^iBiot'^ of i^ jjfwenfgs^econb QRegtmenf The troops were retained under arms at the various armories during the night, but were all dismissed early in the morning of the thirteenth, excepting the Twenty-second. By Special Order No. 18, of that day, from First Division Headquarters, received at the armory about 5:30 o'clock a. m., the Twenty-second was ordered by Gen. Shaler to Elm Park, at Ninety-first Street and Eighth Avenue, to relieve the Seventy-first Regiment and the Washington Grays, who, as above stated, had been sent there to prevent an outbreak, on the part of a large gang of Irish laborers employed in the laying of the new aqueduct pipes. The regiment was immediately formed and despatched, company after company, by the Sixth Avenue Horse Rail- way, ten cars of which were appropriated by Col. Porter for the purpose as they successively arrived at Fourteenth Street on their up-town trip. At Forty-third Street and Sixth Avenue baskets of sand- wiches and pails of coffee were served in the street to the command by way of breakfast. From this point the regiment marched to the depot of the Eighth Avenue horse-car line and was conveyed to Elm Park by special cars. Upon the way they passed through hundreds of laborers engaged in cutting through and grading Eighth Avenue above Sixtieth Street. These fre- quently made hostile demonstrations against the troops, which more than once threatened to be serious. Happily no actual assault was attempted, excepting that a few stones were thrown at the cars. The Twenty-second remained on duty at Elm Park until about noon of the thirteenth, when, on receipt of orders to that eflfect, it returned, marching back through Central Park and ^iBforg of f^e ^wenf^'^wonb QRegtmenf 431 Fifth Avenue to the armory, where it was immediately dismissed. The following table of casualties in the escorting regiments is compiled from the Army and Navy Journal : Regiment. Killed Wounded. Total. Men. Officers. Men. Sixth 3 2 3 3 8 2 T. Seventh 4 Ninth 7 Twenty-second Eighty-fourth 9 3 Aggregate 3 5 18 26 The character of the wounds included cuts, stabs, pistol-shots, severe contusions from missiles and bruises from clubs. In addition, there were a large number of men who received slight wounds of which no record was made. The killed all belonged to the Ninth. Pri- vate Paige (K) had his skull crushed by a coping thrown from a height. Private Pryor and Serg. Wyatt (F) were shot. The exact number of rioters killed and wounded by the fire of the troops was never definitely ascertained, but trustworthy estimates put the former at about fifty and the latter at about seventy.* The walls, window shutters and doors of the houses on the east side of Eighth Avenue from * As usual in such outbreaks, several innocent persons, whose curiosity had induced them to mingle with the mob as spectators, were among those who fell victims to the firing of the- troops. 432 ©ififorg of f6c ^toenfgs^econb QRegtmenf Twenty-fourth to Twenty-seventh Streets bore the bullet marks of the firing for a long time after the occurrence, and the locality was visited daily for weeks after the riot by hundreds of curious sight- seers. Whatever may have been the strict military lessons to be drawn from the events of the day, one view at least was acquiesced in by all good citizens not only of New York, but of the whole Union, and that was that the power and honor of New York had been fully sustained and the value of its National Guard had been again demonstrated. Public opinion fully approv- ed of the firing on the mob, although without orders, and no attempts were made to punish any of those con- cerned in it. An encounter with a mob is one of the most difficult situations in which troops, either regulars or volunteers, can be placed, and, while it is easy to crit- icise what they may have done or omitted, it is exceed- ingly difficult at the moment to do enough and yet not to do too much. After the smoke of the riot had cleared away and the events of the day had become a familiar story, the Twenty-second received high commendation from many sources for the soldierly behavior and superior disci- pline which it had shown upon the occasion. Within a few months after the riots. Alderman Quincy, son of the Hon. Josiah Quincy, himself a soldier of repute, in discussing the report of the Military Committee of the Common Council of Boston, Mass., in favor of establishing regimental arrnories in Boston, made the following complimentary remarks with reference to the Twenty-second : It does not need, in my opinion, military experience to perceive at once the great advantage of the system proposed J^ieforg of i^ ^twenfgs^econb (Re0tment 433 as enabling commanders to establish and enforce a regiment- al standard of discipline and of drill. I mention these qualities in the order of their importance, for although they ought to go together they are by no means identical. For example,* Regiment of New York has or had the reputation of being the best-drilled command in that city ; but on the occasion of the July riot the Twenty-second made for itself a record of discipline of which regular troops might well be proud. Receiving, as the casualty returns show, their full share of brickbats during the riot, they marched back to their Armory when it was over without having fired a shot. The fact that others yielded to the excitement and fired without orders need not perhaps con- demn them, for regulars have often done the same when opposed to a mob. The *4S ^iflfot^ of f^e ^wenfjs^econb (Regimmf 447 Extract from Inspector-General's Report: — The following is the comparative standing of the various organizations, 100 being the highest attainable mark of merit : * * * Twenty-second Regiment, New York City. Standing 75 Average percentage present 68 Extract from Special Report. The men are of fair physique and average height, and, as a rule, of a high order of intelligence. Both officers and men evinced the greatest interest in their duties and an earnest desire to learn all required of them. The general bearing, good discipline, and the respectful and decorous conduct of the command is remarkable, and it may be said that, as a whole, it approaches more nearly to the standard of the true soldier than any command in the State. * * * Discipline in camp at Peekskill was of the highest order and especially noteworthy. Military courtesy, quite thorough and most creditable. * * * Manual of arms, generally very good, but with a noticeable lack of snap in some of the companies, especially apparent in company drill, but, as a rule, greatly improved at all ceremon- ies. * * » School of battalion; good. Officers generally very proficient, but guides not thoroughly posted as to their duties, thereby often seriously injuring the precision of various movements, which otherwise would have been well executed. In all the foregoing branches of instruction there were, each day, various errors, but as time progressed and the last days were reached the regiment attained a very high degree of pro- ficiency. The officers, as a rule, are very well instructed, intelligent and capable, much respected by the men, and hold- ing them under control in a manner rarely seen in militia. The colonel is especially able and competent, and is admirably sec- onded by his adjutant and sergeant-major, who are, without exception, the best in the Guard. The command, as a whole, is in most satisfactory condition. 448 %iBtox^ of i^t ^fljenfgj^ecotib (Keaimenf Roll of Honor. The Twenty -second Regiment has the honor of standing first in merit among regiments, namely 75. On January 5, 1883, a delegation of officers of the regiment and Veteran Corps went to Philadelphia, and presented to the First Pennsylvania Regiment a stand of colors in acknowledgment of the hospitality shown by that regiment to them upon this occasion. The Twenty-second, at the request of Gen. U. S. Grant, then President of the National Rifle Association, on May 18, 1883, contributed $100 towards the expense of the team of National Guardsmen sent to represent the United States in the International Military Rifle Match at Wimbledon. On November 25 of that year it participated in the centennial celebration of the evac- uation of New York by the British. On January 7, 1884, it gave a splendid ball at the new Metropolitan Opera House. This was not only a social and military success, but a financial one, as it realized $3,000 profit. On January i, 1886, Col. Porter having been ap- pointed adjutant-general, Lieut.-Col. John T. Camp was unanimously elected in his place January 18, 1886, Adjt. William J. Harding being elected lieutenant-col- onel and Capt. Geo. A. Miller (Company A) major. Col. Camp had been identified with the Twent}- second almost from its organization, having enlisted as a private in Company B November 11, 1861. He had served with his company through the Harper's Ferry campaign as a sergeant. He was elected first lieu- tenant June 23, 1863, in the field in Pennsylvania. He became captain March 25, I867. In 1868 he organ- ized E Company, which he commanded until Feb- COLONEL JOHN T. CAMP. 4-19 J^toforg of % ^iwenfgs^econb Qftegtmenf 45 1 ruary 11, 1869, when he was elected major. On Oc- tober II, 1869, he was promoted lieutenant-colonel. He resigned October 28, 1871, and was re-elected as lieutenant-colonel December 22, 1873, and retained that position for thirteen years. Col. Camp was a little above the medium size, well- built and with a fine military presence and a good voice. He was quiet and retiring in his manners, but very firm when he had made up his mind to adopt a particular course. He was a most accomplished instructor, and there have been but few officers in the National Guard who were his equals in handling a battalion. He adhered closely to the "Regular Army methods" introduced by Gen. Porter when in command, and maintained the stand- ard of drill and discipline in which he found the regi- ment. He introduced and successfully carried out the system of drilling by trumpet signals which has since been followed and is now in use. This innovation was the more difficult as it had been introduced in the Seventh Regiment in 1862, and, after being tried for two years, was formally protested against by its Board of Officers. In fact, some of the company officers re- fused to adopt it. So strenuous was the opposition that the use of the bugle was abandoned by the Seventh in 1864,* and it therefore required a good deal of deter- mination upon the part of Col. Camp and his officers to take up a method vv^hich had been tried and rejected by such a regiment as the Seventh. From time to time after the War a number of the regiments of the National Guard of the city became unable to maintain their efficiency and were disbanded or • " Clark's History of the Seventh Regiment," Vol. II., page 8i. 452 ^xBiot^ of i^ ^wenfgs^econb (Kegimenf consolidated. Among these were all the cavalry, which once had formed an entire brigade. As these were composed almost entirely of German grocers, who rode (or rather bestrode, for they could not ride) their truck horses, their appearance was more remarkable than mili- tary. None of these ever went to the War, and their inefficiency was so generally conceded that they were never called upon to do riot duty, even during the draft riots, although they were then nominally on duty.* Once, upon a review held as late as 1876, when the Inspecting Officer ordered one of the best of these troops to " trot," three men fell off their horses before they had completed the passage in review. Among the infantry which thus passed out of existence were the following regiments : the Second, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Eleventh, Thirty-seventh, Fifty-fifth, Seventy-ninth, Eighty-fourth and Ninety-sixth. This reduction led, in January, 1880, to the disbandment of the Fourth Brig- ade, the Twenty-second being transferred from it to the First. In 1886 a further great reform in the organization of the National Guard was effected by Adjt.-Gen. Por- ter, by consolidating the troops of New York City into a single brigade, thus doing away with the Division organization and that of three brigades. This got rid of a number of superfluous commanders with their staffs, which, with a few exceptions, were more ornamental * At the time of the Ouming of the provost-marshal's office in Broadway they were drawn up on Sixth Avenue within a short distance from the scene of the riot, but the military authorities had not sufficient confidence m them to order them to suppress it. It is but fair to say that the Wash- ington Gray troop was a much better organization than any of the others and did good service in the Orange riot in 1871. %iBiorii of f6e ^wenfgs^econb QRegimenf 4:^3 than useful. It also dispensed with one set of papers and saved the time and red tape of one headquarters in passing communications to and from Albany. The Twenty-second took a deep interest in the plan for raising the funds to provide a pedestal for the Bar- tholdi Statue of Liberty, and gave an entertainment at the Madison Square Garden on May i, 1886 (under the auspices of the New York World), which realized $5,000 for the fund. This drill was a fine exhibition of the proficiency of the regiment in drilling by trumpet. It was largely attended and excited much favorable comment. The money having been raised and the pedestal built, the Twenty-second, on November i, 1886, participated in the parade which took place to celebrate the unveiling of the statue. A large number of the War veterans of the Twenty- second having united in organizing a Grand Army Post, known as James Monroe Post No. 607, Depart- ment of New York (after the first colonel of the Twenty- second, who died in service), the regiment assigned them rooms in its armory, where they have since made their headquarters. The officers of the regiment also united with Monroe Post on June 16, 1888, in cele- brating the twenty-fifth anniversary of the departure of the Twenty-second upon its Pennsylvania campaign. On September 16, preceding, the regiment itself had made a little excursion into Pennsylvania, as the escort of the Commander-in-Chief upon the Centennial Cele- bration of the adoption of the Federal Constitution. It received a good deal of attention while in Phila- delphia from its old friends of the First Pennsylvania Regiment, and when that organization visited New York 454 %iBiot^ of i^ ^iwenfgj^econli (Regtmenf on April 30, 1889, to participate in the parade in honor of the Centennial of the Inauguration of Washington, the Twenty-second acted as their escort, and subsequently entertained their officers at the Belvedere Hotel. (^ CHAPTER XL. THE VETERAN CORPS. A S the term of enlistment of the first members of ''^^ the Twenty-second expired and they began to leave the regiment, an earnest desire was felt by many of those who felt obliged to retire from the ser- vice to still retain some connection with the organiza- tion with which so many interesting memories of their youth were connected. The officers and men who re- mained with the regiment were also desirous of keep- ing in touch with its old members, partly from senti- mental reasons, and partly, also, from the very practical one that many of the veterans whose services they were losing were prominent and influential men who could be of great assistance to the regiment in the future. Actu- ated by this feeling, a number of the companies had formed veteran organizations, which were found to be beneficial, and it was felt that a regimental organization would be still more so. Influenced by these motives, the Board of Officers of the Twenty-second, on April 22, ]868, scoured the passage of Chapter 283 of the Laws of 1868, incorporating the Twenty-second Vet- eran Association, most of them being named as incor- porators. The new organization shortly became popu- 455 456 ^xBiot'^ of f^ $i»enfg«^econb QRegtmenf lar. Many of the old members joined it, and thus renewed their connection with the regiment, and the Veteran Association became strong and enthusiastic. To make it still more so, as well as to give it a distinctly military character, it adopted a stylish blue uniform, in which, for a number of years, it frequently paraded with the Twentv-second. A mistake was made in modeling this organization as if it were a regiment. It was divided into companies, each having a captain and two lieu- tenants. It also had a colonel and a staff. These officers held no commissions and were usually elected without regard to the rank they had previously held in the Twenty-second. The " uniformed corps" soon pushed the ununiformed veterans to the rear and became a quasi-mihtary body. This, after the elapse of a num- ber of years, began to cause friction between its officers and those of the Twenty-second. There were similar bodies connected in like manner with the other National Guard regiments, and they all became very prominent in social matters. The " Uni- formed Veterans Corps" had nothing to do but " have a good time," and they had it. They came to the front in military balls and receptions, and upon many parades, and it was frequently difficult for an outsider to tell who was the most important personage, the regularly commissioned colonel of the regiment, or the " colonel of the Veterans Corps," who might not have risen above the grade of a lieutenant in the service. It was also felt by the officers of the regiment that the existence and prominence of the uniformed Veteran Corps had a tendency to induce men to take their dis- charges from the service as soon as their term of enlist- gisforg of i^ ^wmfgs^econb QRegtmenf 457 ment had expired, so as to join the former, when they could parade in a handsome uniform and enjoy the same social pleasures which were open to them in the regi- ment, without the restraints of military discipline. This was denied by the veterans, who insisted that they did all in their power to build up the regiments whose names they bore. About 1883 this feeling became so pro- nounced as to create a serious breach between the two organizations in all the National Guard regiments. This led to the passage, on March i, 1884, of a resolution by the Board of Officers of the Twenty-second to the effect that, while they appreciated highly the Veteran Associa- tion, they would not recognize the uniformed organiza- tion. Similar action was taken by the other regiments. In consequence, the privileges extended to the uniformed veterans were cut off. Not only were they never in- vited to parade with the Twenty-second, or any other of the regular regiments, but they were excluded from the armories, and generally given the " cold shoulder." The result was that a bitter feeling sprang up, which prevailed for several years, and finally led to the practical disappearance of the uniformed veteran organ- izations. The affair was unfortunate, for in many ways the veterans' associations were productive of good. They always stood ready to help their old regiments when- ever their assistance was needed, and they were able to do so in many ways. They were of particular service to the Twenty-second in its struggle for its new armory. On the other hand, the almost unanimous stand taken against them by the officers of the National Guard 458 ^isiot^ of f^e ^wenfgs^econb (Kegtmenf regiments who were conversant with the situation showed that there was a solid ground for the complaints against the uniformed associations. It is a matter for congratulation that sober second thought finally prevailed, and that these difficulties finally died out. But the " Uniformed Veterans Corps " in most organizations, including the Twenty-second, died with it, although the veterans, as a civilian body, continue to exist. CHAPTER XLI. THE STATE CAMP AND THE MARCH TO PEEKSKILL. ' I "HE State Camp at Peekskill was inaugurated in the -*- summer of 1882. The Twenty-second made its first tour of duty at this camp between July 29 and August 5 of that year, with great benefit to its discipline and reputation. All the details of a regimental tour of duty in camp had been thoroughly worked out before- hand by Col. Porter and Adjt. Harding, and a regi- mental order (General Orders No. 16, July 24, 1882) had been issued prescribing a careful and elaborate system of camp regulations, covering every point relating to conduct, routine and discipline, and containing exact and precise instructions as to the correct manner of putting these rules into practical operation. A pro- gressive system of instruction, both practical and the- o''etical, was also prescribed to be followed during the encampment. As the Twenty-second, in common with all the other regiments of the National Guard of the State, was at that time wholly without practical knowledge of the routine duties of a regimental camp, the promulgation of minute and specific instructions was imperatively necessary for the orderly administration of the dailv 459 46 O ^iBforg of i^ ^wenfgs^econb Qftegtment military camp life of the regiment. In this the expe- rience acquired by Col. Porter and Adjt. Harding as commissioned officers in the Civil War proved of incal- culable value to the regiment, and at once gave it a marked advantage over other commands, whose offi- cers had not had the benefit of that practical training. These orders were strictly and faithfully carried out, not only to the letter, but also in spirit, and had a much more beneficial effect upon the National Guard ser- vice at large than is gener.ally known. In fact, it is owing to this that the camp became a permanent insti- tution of the State. The idea of a camp had been taken up by the State military authorities solely as an experi- ment, and the ground for the encampment had been leased for a year only. The organizations that had pre- ceded the Twenty-second in camp had not apparently given the subjects connected with such a tour of duty sufficient previous preparation, and the officers attached to general headquarters were not at that time prepared to supply their shortcomings and deficiencies. The suc- cess attained prior to the coming of the Twenty-second had therefore been questionable, disappointing and wholly inadequate as a return for the expense which the camp had caused to the State. In other words, at the time when the Twenty-second marched into the State camp grounds to perform the closing tour of the camp- ing season of 1882, the camp was practically regarded as a failure by the adjutant-general and the State authorities. But the highly satisfactory manner in which the Twenty-second performed its tour of duty, and the regulations which it introduced and carried into effect, not only changed this feeling, but disclosed the ^teforg of f3e ttwenfj^^econb QRegimenf 461 proper way in which a military camp should be con- trolled and conducted, and demonstrated that if so con- ducted it would be of the greatest benefit to both the State and the National Guard. All idea of giving up the camp was thereupon abandoned, and soon after a series of regulations governing camp duty discipline and administration, mainly based upon those initiated by the Twenty-second, was prescribed by general head- quarters, almost all of which have since been continued in force. At the close of the encampment the Twenty-second "struck camp," according to the regulations. The tent ropes were loosened, men stationed at each tent, and a guard at the colors. At the trumpet signal the band struck up the "Star Spangled Banner," the first gun of a salute was fired, and every tent was lowered simultaneously to the ground, all the tents falling in the same direction. At the last strains of the National Anthem and the report of the twenty-first gun, the State and National colors were formally lowered from the poles, and the existence of the camp for the year ended officially, the whole ceremony forming an imposing and beautiful sight. It is believed that this has never been done in the State camp by any other regiment.* *The following is an extract from a report of Insp.-Gen. Rodenbough in reference to the Twenty-second while in this camp ; Field Notes, State Camp, August 2, 1SS2. Police of camp veiy good; Company streets in excellent condition; Company tents neatly arranged and perfectly aired ; sinks properly disin- fected and in good order. Remarks. — Course of instruction prescribed closely followed ; men very steady under arms ; officers generally competent and careful in instructions. 462 ^ieior^ of f^e ^ttenfgs^econb (Regtmenf The following was published in connection with Regimental General Orders (No. i,of 1883), in recogni- tion of the services of Adjt. Harding in aiding the regiment to deserve these encomiums : At the annual meeting of the Board of OfBcers of the Twenty-second Regiment held at the armory January 12, 1883, the thanks of the Board were, on motion, unanimously tendered to Adjt. William J. Harding for the able and efficient manner in which he has discharged the duties of his office, and which has won such high encomiums from general headquarters at Albany. The establishment of this camp was one of the great- est benefits ever secured by the National Guard, and reflects the highest credit upon Adj.-Gen. Frederick Townsend, its originator. It at once fixed for the * * Guard duty generally well done. Ceremony of review, inspection and muster executed very handsomely, but one or two slight errors. The in ■ cessant and precise attention to matters of detail by officers and men reflect the greatest credit upon the regimental and company commanders and upon the adjutant. The discipline of the regiment during the last three days has been almost perfect. T. F. RODENBOUGH, Assistant Inspector-General. Gen. Robert Shaw Oliver, Inspector-General of the State, an officer of wide experience gained in the volunteer and regular service during and after the Civil War, in rendering his official report for this year (1882) ac- corded high praise to the Twenty-second, his concluding comments con- cerning the regiment being as follows: * * * "The officers, as a rule, are very well instructed, intelligent and capable, much respected by the men, and holding them under control in a manner rarely seen in militia. The colonel is especially able and com- petent, and is admirably seconded by his adj utant and sergeant-major, who are, without exception, the best in the Guard. The command, as a whole, is in most satisfactory condition. " Roll of Honor. The Twenty-second Regiment has the honor of standing first in merit among regiments. 463 JgtBforE of fge $f»entgtfa«?~--'.<-:tJ :" "^m ■ ;;*:>•- ;^i^-i;J/ "',^H ! *-"'»f''-.vi.i ,.' -il .'^:- .'JH . :%;^-v^ ' -^si^^M ^^^i ri ife^^^ 1 1 ' '-J % ' "S It *' jl 4 » -^J^^^ ■4 ■ it'J •■ir-'-^5 '■■■'a a- ; '„r JH 475 %ieiot^ of f^e tjwenfgs^econb QRegtmenf 477 about thirteen or fourteen miles distant. The thunder- storm continued through this portion of the march with redoubled violence. On three different occasions it seemed to have passed away, but only to return with apparently greater torrents of wind and rain, so that when Peekskill was reached, at 8.55 p. m., everybody was dripping. The storm also made the roads very muddy and in places almost impassable, so that considerable straggling was inQvitable. At this juncture it became an important question of what should be done with the command during the night. The State Camp was occupied by the Seventy-first Regiment, and no accom- modations could have been obtained there, if the regi- ment had continued its march to that point. The ground was drenched with water, and it was impossible to find a suitable place where the men could bivouac. If it had not been for Capt. Finch of the Twenty- second, who owned a large unoccupied house at Peeks- kill, the regiment would have been compelled to sleep on the wet ground without shelter. Capt. Finch, how- ever, rode forward to Peekskill, and by indefatigable exertions put his house in as comfortable order as was possible on so short notice, and placed it at the disposal of the regiment, and by close packing Col. Camp was able to get his command all into it. Probably as many men were never stored away in the same space within many miles of Peekskill as were in that house that night. The parlor was appropriated for regimental headquarters, the non-commissioned staff and some others occupied the dining-room, and the regiment was distributed among the rooms of the house. The rear guard brought up the stragglers, so that only eight of 478 jgtBforg of f6e ^tBenfgs^econb (Restwenf the regiment were actually missing, a fact which speaks strongly for the spirit of the men. As the Commissary was not provided with sufficient food for breakfast, Col. Camp telegraphed to the State camp asking that breakfast be provided, and at 8.30 the next morning the regiment " fell in " to resume and com- plete its march with 426 men present, a loss of but five men and with none in the ambulance. The distance to be marched was only three miles, but the road was nearly as bad as any the men had previously passed over in their march from New York. The sultry heat had again become intense, and this, with the fatigue and poor food of the previous day, coupled with the exertion of marching with empty stomachs over a muddy and slippery road, made the tramp up to the camp hill harder than any other part of the trip, and two or ""three of the men were in the ambulance before the camp was reached. The regiment was met on the road to the camp by Adjt.-Gen. Porter, who had read, with many misgivings, the reports in the newspapers " that the march was a failure," "that 150 men had dropped out," and similar sensational stories concerning his old command; but a gleam of satisfaction overspread his face when he learned the true state of affairs and found that the regiment had maintained its reputation and credit. A number of the Seventy-first gathered at the top of the hill to cheer the regiment as it came up, and they had good cause for doing so. The men of the Twenty- second looked well, and, in spite of the fatigue they had undergone and their half-fed condition, marched well closed up, and with their customary spring and swing. It was said by W)itiiot^ of fge ^ttenfgs^econb (Kestmenf 479 the camp critics that no more military-looking body had appeared in camp that season. The regiment reached camp just one hour and twenty minutes after leaving Peekskill, which was good time when the character of the roads they had to traverse is considered. On arriving they marched across the camp ground, halted, stacked arms and placed a proper guard over them, and it was not until then that the col- onel gave the order to break ranks. Ranks were broken, and, with a sigh of relief, the men threw them- selves down in the shade and the march of the Twenty- second into camp was over. The occupation of the camp by the Seventy-first in- terfered with the service of a regular breakfast to the Twenty-second, but pails of coffee and great baskets of bread and meat were brought out and distributed among the regiment, and in a short time the officers and men were quite refreshed and ready for work. The Seventy-first marched out of camp soon after noon, after which the tents were occupied by the Twenty-second and the duties of camp life promptly entered upon and carried OHt during the remainder of the week in the usual manner. While the regiment learned a good deal from the experiences of this march, the duty was too severe to be undertaken by men unaccustomed to exposure, and was rendered doubly so by the severity of the weather and the bad condition of the roads. If it had not been for the terrible storm the experience would have been much more valuable, and everybody connected with the regi- ment would have been pleased. This occasion also fur- nished another of the many lessons that have fallen to 480 W)iBior^i of f^e ^wenfg^^econb (TRegimenf the lot of the Twenty-second (lessons which are ap- parently seldom long remembered in the National Guard), that the commissary department ought to be always kept in the most efficient condition, and that it needs experience, forethought and good executive ability to administer it properly. It is doubtful if any occasion is known in the history of the regiment, except, perhaps, in Brooklyn, when it has been suddenly called into ser- vice (and its calls to duty have always been sudden) that great difficulty has not been experienced and a good deal of suffering caused to the men during the first few days, from a deficiency in the supply of proper rations. These incidents should induce the adoption of a well- regulated system which will insure the preparation and issue to the regiment, in times of emergency, of at least two days' rations of plain, wholesome food which will not spoil by heat or rain, and which the regiment may always take with it as it does its rifles. The Brook- lyn trolley duty showed that the regiment had learned a great deal in this important particular. As far as can be ascertained from the official rec- ords, the following is the percentage of attendance of the Twenty-second Regiment at the camp of instruc- tion in different years : Highest num- Lowest num- Average num- A^ ge. per ct. Year. ber present. ber present. ber present. of present. 1882 488 445 460 80.01 1885 557 542 54° 87.69 1887 505 474 487 83.10 1889 568 530 546 7907 1891 561 520 536- 85.21 1893 654 626 636 88.10 1895 633 613 623 89.80 ^iBior^ of f3e ^twenigs^econb (Kegtmenf 481 The Twenty-second during 1893 had the highest percentage of attendance of any regiment in camp. The tour of duty performed in the camp by the Twenty-second between July 27 and August 3, 1895, was fully up to the record of the regiment in the pre- ceding years, and sustained the reputation which it had previously established.'^ During its first few days a marked depression ex- isted among the officers and men, resulting from the sudden death of Maj. George E. B. Hart, who died on July 21, 1895, of typhoid fever. Maj. Hart had been not only an efficient officer, but an extremely popular one, and his loss was felt greatly by his comrades. He was given a military funeral by the regiment on July 24, 1895, Col. Camp and the officers attending, the First Battalion parading under Maj. Franklin Bartlett as an escort, and the Second Battalion parading unarmed as mourners. Company K, of which Maj. Hart was cap- tain for several years, fired the last salute over his grave at Woodlawn, and the buglers sounded " taps." When, on the first evening of the camp, the same bugle call was sounded, it vividly brought back to Maj. Hart's many friends in the regiment the recollection of his recent funeral, and the fact that he would never again be with them. • Gen. Guy V. Henry, U. S. A., the officer detailed by the War Depart- ment to inspect the State camp of 1895, spoke in high praise of the Twenty- second in his report. A copy of this report cannot be obtained in time to make any extracts from it. CHAPTER XLII. THE FIGHT FOR A NEW ARMORY. TN 1865 the Twenty-second went to considerable ex- -^ pense in fitting up as a gymnasium the room on the west side of the Fourteenth Street armory, which ex- tended through to Fifteenth Street, and constituted the original "Palace Garden." A full set of apparatus was purchased and erected under the supervision of the writer (who was then the chairman of the regimental Armory Committee), and lockers put up. This was finished in May, 1866, at a cost of $968.99, all subscribed by the companies excepting $100 that had been raised through a min- strel concert. The experiment was, however, a failure, although a class was formed and every endeavor made to induce the men to exercise. The number of those then interested in athletics was relatively small. The funds raised were insufficient to put up proper dressing- rooms, and the few enthusiasts who exercised in the gymnasium soon tired of it. A few of the members of the different companies would occasionally come into the gymnasium after a drill and exercise in their ordinary clothes for a short time. But even this stopped after the novelty had worn off, and the gymnasium then became 482 %ietorii of f^e ^wenfgs^econb (Regimenf 483 deserted. Finally, in 1870, the apparatus was removed and sold. The room then became exceedingly useful as a squad drill-room, and in it the regimental recruit classes just then established were instructed and drilled for many years by Adjt. Harding and his corps of assistants. Eventually, however, its floor gradually decayed and its roof became leaky, and, as these were not repaired by the city authorities, the use of the room was no longer practicable, even as a firing point for armory target practice. Finally the roof fell in and the place became a heap of ruins. In March, 1872, the armory then used by the Seventh being unfit for use, the Twenty-second tendered the use of its own to that regiment for wing drills, which offer was, however, declined with thanks. The Twenty-second experienced a great deal of trouble at different times in regard to the lease of its Fourteenth Street armory. Upon several occasions the city authorities were unable to agree with the owners of the building as to the terms of a renewal of the existing lease, and it sometimes seemed probable that the regiment might be turned homeless into the street. These difficulties were, however, always reconciled, in one way or another, and the threatened danger happily averted. Each recurrence, however, intensified the feel- ing in the Twenty-second in regard to the necessity of its having a home of its own. But many years elapsed before this could be accomplished. On January 20, 1872, a fire occurred in the armory, which destroyed part of the regimental papers, a fact which has largely added to the difficulty of preparing this history. The same fire also destroyed many uni- 484 W)isiot^ of *5e 4i»eirf8«^econb QRegimmf forms in companies B and D, and a pro rata assessment was subsequently imposed upon the other companies, to aid the members of those companies in replacing their losses. In 1876 a law was passed prohibiting the use of intoxicating liquors in buildings used for State purposes, which put all the armories upon a temperance basis. Upon the whole, this was beneficial, as sometimes there was more indulgence at the various regimental and company entertamments than was advisable. In January, 1868, the drill-room of the armory was greatly improved by the erection of two long galleries upon the north and south sides, at the expense of the American Institute, to whom the room had been leased for a week for the purposes of its Annual Fair. This was a much-needed improvement, as it provided a place for spectators and left the floor clear for battalion movements. The heating arrangements of the armory were always very inferior and consisted merely of a few large stoves. In very cold weather these were wholly insufficient, and every winter many of the officers and men suffered severely from cold. Col. Remmey's illness and subsequent death were traceable to colds contracted while drilling the regiment when the drill-hall was insufificiently heated, and Col. Porter's se- vere, and almost fatal attack of pneumonia, in 1884, was attributable to the same cause. In addition, constant trouble was experienced with the roof, which, instead of being made with a single arch, was built with several peaks. This mode of construction necessitated a num- ber of joints, which expanded and contracted with the varying temperature, forming cracks. The angles %iBiot}i of f^e ^t»enfg«^econ6 QRegimenf 485 between the peaks held the rain and snow in such man- ner that a heavy rain or snow-fall or a sudden thaw forced apart the beams, twisted the angles and opened the joints. The result was that a flood of water or half-melted snow fell upon the drill-floor, frequently when it was occupied for drill, forming pools of water in which the men had to stand, or through which they were obliged to wade. Several times the leaks were so great that the water penetrated the company rooms and greatly damaged the handsome frescoing and fur- niture which the companies had provided at the individual expense of their members. Many attempts were made to repair these defects, but they were found to be structural and incapable of permanent repair. This state of things being detrimental to health and to recruiting, the Board of Officers, in 1882, determined to make a vigorous effort to secure a new armory. In February of that year a committee was formed, with Col. Josiah Porter at its head, consisting of five representatives from each company, the field and staff, three from the Veteran Corps at large and three from each veteran company, making in all a " Committee of Seventy." From that time until April ii, 1890, when the new armory was completed, the Twenty-second worked steadily and persistently to secure its object. Much hard work was done and many disappointments experienced, but success was finally achieved, although not as fully as was desired. The Committee of Seventy proceeded vigorously to the work. of soliciting subscriptions, dividing itself into sub-committees to canvass the different branches of 486 %iBtot^ of f^ ^iwenfgs^econb QRegimenf business. But, unfortunately, the Seventh' Regiment had been over the ground before them and had prac- tically exhausted the field. Some few subscriptions were gathered in, and these, with the proceeds of various balls and other entertainments, were set apart towards the new Armory Fund. But these sums amounted to little more than enough for the current expenses of the committee. Finding that the opinion of the community was that an armory for a National Guard regiment should be a public work which it was the duty of the public au- thorities and not of private individuals to provide, the Twenty-second changed its plan of operations and set to work to procure legislation to authorize its construc- tion at the expense of the city and county. This was simply common sense, as the sum paid. by the county, by way of rent, for the armory then in use represented the interest upon a larger sum than a new one could be built for. The Committee of Seventy proving more cumbersome than efficient (as is apt to be the case with large committees), a special committee, consisting of Capt. Geo. A. Miller and Sergt. James O'Neil, appeared before the Finance Committee of the State Senate in 1883 and urged the passage of a bill to authorize the construction of armories in New York. This having failed, a new general committee was formed on Novem- ber 9, 1883, consisting of Col. Josiah Porter, Adjt. Wil- liam J. Harding, Capt. George A. Miller, Inspector of Rifle Practice Browning (who was at the time a mem- ber of the New York Senate), Sergt. James O'Neil, from the enlisted men, and Gen. George W. Wingate and Col. George Laird, from the Veteran Corps. This J^teforg of f^c ^ttcnfgs^econb QRegtmenf 487 committee was directed to prepare a' bill for presenta- tion to the Legislature of the State, authorizing the construction of the desired armory, and to do what they could do to secure its passage. The committee entered upon its duties with vigor. Having prepared a carefully-drawn bill, they went to Albany on February 8, 1884, and urged its passage be- fore the committees on Military Affairs of the Senate and Assembly. They also supplemented their efforts by securing letters and the active personal in- terest of influential veterans and other prominent friends of the regiment in aid of the passage of the bill. They also called upon Gov. Grover Cleveland at the Capitol and explained to him their object. He listened to their application with manifest approval and interest, being evidently impressed by the statement of the chair- man, that "they were seeking shelter for the troops under his command and adequate protection for the property of the State in the custody of the regiment." The efforts of the committee were successful and the bill became a law. But this was merely one step towards obtaining the armory. The law had not been passed as originally drawn, but in its altered form appointed an Armory Board, and authorized it to determine which of the New York regiments was in need of an armory, and to build one for that organization only. As there were several regiments in need of armories, the strife to secure the one authorized by this law was keen. The Twenty-second at once set vigorously to work to secure the coveted building. It immediately made application to every official having, or who could be supposed to have, any authority 488 i^iefotg of i^t ^wenfE^^econb (Res^mtnf in the matter, including the governor of the State, the mayor of the city, the supervisors and the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, the application so made being the first that was presented. The officers of the regiment divided themselves up in groups and " deployed themselves as skirmishers " among the different branches of business professions and corporations of the city, to induce them to favor the application in behalf of the Twenty-second. The following is a list of these committees, the names of the chairmen only being given: Clergy, Chaplain W. N. Dunnell; Medical Pro- fession, Surg. W. F. Duncan ; Heads of Depart- ments, City Members of Legislature, prominent poli- ticians, etc., Inspector of Rifle Practice John W. Brown- ing; Wholesale Dry Goods, Maj. Thomas H. CuUen ; Uptown Dry Goods, Lieut.-Col. John T. Camp; Ex- changes, Capt. Wm. V. King; Banks, Capt. Hy. M. Knapp ; Insurance, Lieut. John W. Jenkins ; Hotels and Wholesale Grocers, Lieut. A. E. Dick ; Legal Fra- ternity, Capt. George A. Miller; Press, Lieut. Fleming; Furniture, Capt. Geo. P. Freeman ; Manufacturers and Gas Fixtures, Lieut. Macdonald; Real Estate Owners, Capt. George F. Demarest; Drugs, Capt. Clifford M. DeMott; Telegraph, Railroad and Steamboat Com- panies, Adjt. Wm. J. Harding. These committees performed their duties energeti- cally and were ably seconded in their efforts by Gen. Alex- ander Shaler, commanding the First Division. Many important and influential signatures were obtained by the committees, which were then classified and tabulattd by Adjt. Harding into one great consolidated petition J^ieforg of f^ ^wenfgs^econb (Hegtmenf 489 which was formally presented to the newly-created Board of Armory Commissioners by a special committee fiom the Twenty-second, consisting of Col. Porter, Maj. CuUen, Adjt. Harding, Capt. King and Lieut. Thurston. As an object lesson to show the character of the organization that needed the armory, the regiment, on May 15, 1884, paraded in fatigue uniform with knap- sacks, and was reviewed by Mayor Grace and the Board of Armory Commissioners at the Plaza, in Union Square, and from thence marched to Governor's Island for a field day, receiving high commendation from Gen. W. S. Hancock for its soldierly appearance and efficiency. Finally, after hard work and persistent efforts, the ArmoryCommissionersofficially decided that the armory authorized by law should, when built, be awarded to the Twenty -second. The next thing was to secure a site and an adequate appropriation to purchase the land and to construct the building. The location was a matter of much controversy and difficulty. Objection was made to locating armories up-town, on the ground that it would leave the lower part of the city comparatively undefended. But the enormous value of land down- town rendered it impossible to procure the area needed at a price which would be within any reasonable appro- priation, so that an up-town site became a necessity. Ultimately Gen. Shaler, with whom the decision was left by the Board, selected as the site the block between West Sixty-seventh and Sixty-eighth Streets, Columbus Avenue and the Western Boulevard. At this point, however, the difficulties recommenced with redoubled persistence. Gen. Shaler insisted that the new building 490 %iBiot^ of f0e ^wenfgj^econb QRegtmenf should be so planned as to contain accommodations for Division and Brigade headquarters, and a staff riding- school was even talked of and a space set apart for it. Against this the regiment vigorously protested, as these schemes, besides being regarded as objectionable, would have encroached too much upon the space required for the drill floor. Finally, after much discussion and in- dications of ill-feeling, these projects were abandoned. And now came the struggle for the appropriation for construction. Naturally, the regiment desired that this should be adequate and liberal, and just as naturally the commissioners were influenced by the necessity of ex- pending no more of the public monies than was ab- solutely required. Moreover, Mr. Abram S. Hewitt had become mayor of the city, and he had the reputa- tion of being a stern and rigid economist. So the re- mainder of 1884 and the following year were spent in procuring plans and in endeavoring to obtain an appro- priation sufficiently generous to enable an armory to be constructed such as the regiment needed and was entitled to have. An appropriation of $300,000 was finally made. But it proved almost impossible to procure for that sum of money the construction of a building which would be satisfactory. Plans were submitted by several archi- tects, and a full set of drawings was also put in by the regiment itself. The preparation of these plans was entrusted to Adjt. Harding by resolution of the Board of Officers, it being the intention of the officers to ex- hibit to the Armory Board the regiment's own special ideas of the military requirements of a modern armory. In formulating these designs Adjt Harding utilized the ^istori^ of i^ ^fljenf^s^econb (Kegtmenf 49 1 professional assistance of Sergt. John Buckingham, of the non-commissioned staff, a skilful draughtsman, with considerable knowledge of architectural designing. The regimental plans thus drawn up were regarded with favor, and, by a singular coincidence, contained certain interior arrangements corresponding in many respects to Col. Post's drawings. Col. George B. Post, the for- mer commander of the Twenty-second, prepared a beau- tiful set of plans, which were approved by the officers of the regiment. These plans and designs provided for a public building that would, when erected, have been an ornament and a credit to the city; but, on calling for estimates, the cost was, unfortunately, found to ex- ceed the appropriation. Every honorable effort ivas used to induce the Board of Estimate and Apportion- ment to increase the appropriation, so as to cover the cost of Col. Post's design. The officers of the regiment for this purpose entertained the Board at an elab- orate dinner given in their honor at Delmonico's on the night of December 19, 1885, at which were present, be- sides the members of the Board, representatives of the Regular Army and National Guard, the State and city governments, and the press (not, of course, with any thought of bribery, but merely to render the Treasury watchdogs amenable to reason). Mayor Hewitt was, however, quite inflexible, even compelling the officers of the regiment to sign a stipulation that they would not ask a dollar more than the $300,000 before he would even sign the warrant for its payment. The regiment was therefore compelled, most reluctantly, to abandon all hope of acquiring the handsome armory de- signed bv Col. Post ; and invitations to architects were 492 ^iBioic^ of t^ ^wenfgs^econii QRejftmenf sent out anew to submit designs under the limitations imposed. This caused a further delay, for it was diffi- cult to get responsible contractors to undertake the work for the price named, and yet at the same time to guarantee a building that should be satisfactory. It was not until the spring of 1888 that the matter was finally settled. In March of that year, Capt. John P. Leo, command- ing Company I, who. was an architect by profession, offered to submit a plan for a handsome and substantial armory, with all the necessary fittings, that should come within the amount of the appropriation, the companies being called upon only to decorate and fit up their rooms. The officers of the Twenty-second, tired of the long delay, which was having a demoralizing effect upon the regiment, at once closed with Capt. Leo's offer and urged its acceptance upon the Armory Board, of which Gen. Fitzgerald had become president. Capt. Leo lost no time in preparing his designs and working drawings. He also procured satisfactory estimates from reputable and responsible builders, and submitted the whole plan to the Armory Board on March 13, 1888, who accepted it and authorized the making of the contracts for a new armory for the Twenty-second Regiment and appointed Capt. Leo its architect. The work was pressed with vigor, so that the corner- stone was laid on May 30, 1889. The occasion being Decoration Day, the regiment had paraded in the morn- ing, having as its guests the officers and men of the First Pennsylvania Regiment, which paraded under its escort. After the parade the Twenty-second entertained S o 493 W^iBiot^ of f?e ^fwenfgs^econJ) QRegtmenf 495 its Pennsylvania friends in its Fourteenth Street armory, and in the afternoon both regiments formed and marched to the site of the new armory, where the corner-stone was laid with imposing ceremonies by Gen. Louis Fitzgerald, commanding the First Brigade N. G. S. N. Y., who pronounced it -'square, level and plumb, sound and trusty." Gen. James O'Bierne delivered an eloquent address in honor of the occasion. The day was bright and beautiful of itself, but inexpressibly bright to those faithful officers who then saw the result of their six years of arduous and unselfish labors taking a practical form. The occasion was still further cele- brated by a dinner at the Casino in Central Park, at which the officers entertained the officers of the First Pennsylvania and the distinguished civil and military authorities who had participated in the ceremonies of the day. The building was rapidly constructed and was completed within a year thereafter. On Friday evening, April 11, 1890, the regimental Board of Officers held its last meeting in the old armory in Fourteenth Street, Col. John T. Camp presiding.'and the next day the regiment left its old quarters forever and marched to the new armory, there to take up its permanent abode for many years to come, and to continue and extend its career of prosperity and usefulness. Of course the change was in every way desirable ; yet the members of the regiment could not leave the old building without affectionate recollections of the twenty-eight eventful years of regimental life passed within its walls. Three men there were, still doing duty in the regiment, who had marched with it into the old 496 %iBi0r)^ of i^t $wen<8«^econb (Hegimenf armory at the conclusion of its Pennsylvania campaign in 1863. They were Col. John T. Camp, Lieut.-Col. William V. King and Capt. Joseph P. Jardine. To them the old building was a faithful witness of nearly the whole course of their long military career. In it they had served under every commander, and one of them had risen to be himself the commander. From it they had participated in every parade or public function in which the regiment bore a part, and which were destined to become a portion of the history of the city, the State and the nation. They are still, at this writing (1895), following the flag of " Defendam " in its new armory, but they could not depart forever from the old home without feelings of affectionate regret. The new armory was turned over to the regiment entirely bare of all furniture or decoration, the State giving only the bare walls and necessary military fix- tures. But it is gradually assuming a comfortable and handsome interior appearance. From their own means the members are furnishing their company rooms and executive offices ; and the decorations, while beautiful and even luxurious, are nevertheless in strict military taste and design. The building is of brick, with granite trimmings, and measures 200 feet front by 270 feet deep. It is sixty feet high, having a tower eighty feet in height, in which is located the hospital and medical department. The drill-room is in the first story, and has an unobstructed floor space of 175 feet wide by 235 feet long, with galleries on three sides for the accommodation of spectators. The main exit and entrance for the regiment into W^ieiof^ of i^c ^wenfgs^econb (Regtmenf 49 j the drill-room from the street is through two large doors, which open upon an incline that will also admit of the passage of guns or cavalry. On the northerly side of the drill-room are ten company locker rooms, and above these are ten company parlors, each twenty-five by thirty feet, and all opening into projecting company galleries, each capable of seating fifty people. In the main build- ing, on the left of the entrance, are the armorer's and quartermaster's department, and on the second story the rooms of James Monroe Post of the Grand Army of the Republic. On the right of the entrance is a library and the suite of rooms for the officers and head- quarters, opening upon a corridor fifteen feet in width. On the second story is a large room for the Board of Officers, and a Non-commissioned Officers' Associ- ation room and squad drill-rooms. In the third story is the kitchen, a large gymnasium, a mess hall and the janitor's apartments. In the basement is a rifle range twenty-five feet wide and 100 yards long, the largest in the city. The armory is also provided with waiting- rooms, toilet-rooms, shower baths and magazines. It also has a fire service, the only one which is contained in any city armory. The armory is trimmed throughout with chestnut. (^ CHAPTER XLIII. BANDS. TN September, 1861, shortly after the organization of -*- the Twenty-second, it employed Helmsmuller as a band leader, and equipped a band of forty-four pieces, partly from the proceeds of various concerts, and the rest by subscription by the officers and companies. This band was mustered into the State service with the regiment. In addition, there were in each company two drum- mers carried as enlisted men, but as they were paid by it whenever they paraded, they were, as a matter of fact, rarely regarded by the companies to which they were attached as being actual members. Helmsmuller was a first-class musician, and " Helmsmuller's Twenty-second Regiment Band" soon became celebrated. He composed a march which he dedicated to the Twenty-second, which was based, some critics said, upon a celebrated Austrian march. But, however this may be, it was for many years the regi- mental march, and its swinging rhythm will never be forgotten by the officers and men who so often marched to its strains. 498 l^tBforg of f^e $t»enf^«^econb (Regtmenf 499 The Twenty-second took their band with them to the front in 1862. In Baltimore it attracted a great deal of attention. At Harper's Ferry it was a great luxury to both officers and men, but an expensive one. The pay allowed by the Government to the members of a regimental band was much less than was necessary to compensate the artists who com- posed that of the Twenty-second, and the difference had to be made up by the officers of the regiment, upon whom it was a heavy drain.* During their service not a few breaches of disci- pline of a minor character were committed by the musicians, whose knowledge of mili- tary usages at the front was generally in the inverse proportion of their skill in music. They apparently never could understand why they should not be out of camp after tattoo, nor why, if they were, they should not return by the short- est line, instead of going round by the guard tent. Neither could they be made to understand the object of the countersign, or its use. *3,-c page 81, ante. DRUM-MAJOR GEORGE BROWN. 500 ^iBiot^ of t^ ^liwenfgs^tconb (Regimmf Niffht after nigfht the sentries would be heard call- ing " Halt ! who goes there?" and the reply, " I ish de band." Finally, in July, 1862, the band was sent home, and the Twenty-second thereafter depended upon its drum corps for its military music during this campaign. When the regiment formed in Philadelphia to pro- ceed to the cars on its way home, and the command "March " was given, instead of the usual roll of the drums, the strains of the familiar " Twenty-second Regiment March," played as only Helmsmuller could play it, were heard, and the regiment broke into an uproarious cheer. The band had come from New York to escort the regiment, and had thus announced its presence. The band was also taken on the Pennsylvania campaign, and its music was a feature of the few dress parades which were had at Camp Cox. When the regiment started upon the "short march" from Bridgeport * the band was left behind. It never rejoined the regiment, but remained at Harrisburgh, where its music was undoubtedly appreciated. What- ever music the regiment had afterwards was furnished by the drum corps. This beat the reveille and tattoo, and during some of the long marches, upon the unfrequent occasions when it did not rain, and par- ticularly on the march to Frederic City, its music helped to shorten the route. Helmsmuller died in 1865, greatly regretted by the regiment. Dodworth, then a well-known leader, took the place of band leader, July 11, 1866, and organized * Chapter XVIII., page 192 ante. ^itiiot'^ of fge ttwenfgs^econb (Regtmenf 501 " Dodworth's Band," which led the regiment for sev- eral years. On January 12, 1867, fifers were dispensed with and additional drummers substituted. Dodworth ceased to be band leader in November, 1871, and C. Rehm, an old army band leader, took his place. Rehm resigned and took charge of the Gov- ernor's Island Band in 1873. In July, 1872, the idea was suggested of inducing Patrick Sarsfield Gilmore, who had then made a national reputation by his management of the " Boston Jubilee," to come from Boston to New York and organize a regimental band for the Twenty-second. After considerable negotiation a contract was made with him in 1873, by a committee consisting of Maj. McGrath and Capts. Styles, Congden, Harding and Ritchie, to organize "Gilmore's Twenty-second Regiment Band," the Board of Ofificers guaranteeing him $7,500 a year, any sum received in excess of this to be divided between Gilmore and the regiment. This was a great responsibility, and was undertaken by the regiment with many misgivings. At first there was a loss, from which Gilmore, with characteristic generosity, released the regiment. Ultimately, however, Gilmore's Band became a magnificent success. Gilmore was a wonder- ful leader, and under his management " Gilmore's Band " attained a national reputation, in recognition of which he was, in 1876, presented by the officers of the regiment with a testimonial in the shape of a beautiful regimental pin. In 1878 he took the band to Europe and performed in all the principal cities, in competition with their finest bands, and was considered to have more than held his own. On their return the i02 W)iBiot2 of i^t ^tuenfgs^ecoiib (Regimenf Twenty-second, on October 12, 1878, gave a "Welcome Home " to them at the armory. " Pat " Gilmore, as he was affectionately called, was one of the most genial of men, and was always warmly interested in the welfare of the Twenty-second, of which, with justice, he PATRICK SARSFIELD GILMORE. considered himself a most important part. He was extremely popular among both officers and men during the twenty years that he remained with them, and his death, in 1892, was deeply deplored. The regiment attended his funeral in a body. ^ieiox^ of t^c iwent^' ^tconb QRegtmenf 503 After the death of Gilmore a band was organized by David W. Reeves, for a long time the leader of the American Band of Providence, and who had estab- lished the reputation of being the best band leader in the Eastern States. His task was a difficult one. As the successor to Gilmore his work was always com- pared with that of his predecessor. He held the position until 1893, when he resigned and returned to Providence. Victor Herbert was then appointed as band leader, and holds that position at the time of this writing (1895). CHAPTER XLIV. ORDERED TO BUFFALO. TN August, 1892, the dullness inci- -*- dent to the dogdays pervaded mil- itary circles around New York. A disagreement in Buffalo between the railroad companies and their switch- men had occurred. But no particular attention had been paid to it, even when it culminated in the "Switch- men's Union" ordering a strike of the switchmen employed by the Philadel- phia and Reading Railroad Company, the New York, Lake Erie and West- ern Railroad Company, the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company and the Buffalo ■'Sf* Greek Railroad Company. Men ADJT. STEPHEN J. HART. ^.^Jlling tO takC thC pkCCS Of thC strikers were employed and put to work by the railroad companies. This, as usual in such cases, had caused much bad feeling among those whose places had been thus filled. Some violence ensued, which the police, at first, were able to subdue. But on the night of August 13, a number of incendiary fires were 504 ^iBforg of i^ ^twcnfgs^econb (Hestmenf 505 started in the railroad yards, and a considerable amouni of railroad property, including a large number of cars filled with valuable freight, was destroyed. These acts •of violence were repeated on the night of Sunday, August 14, and were upon too extended a scale for the police to cope with. The railroad officers de- manded protection from the Sheriff, who in turn made the following requisition upon Gen. Doyle, the commander of the National Guard of that district : Buffalo, N. Y., August 15, 1892. Gen. Peter C. Doyle. Having been notified by the New York, Lake Erie and Western Railroad Company, the Buffalo and Southwestern Rail- road Company and the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Com- pany that certain lawless persons have combined and threat- ened to destroy their property, I do, in pursuance of the statute in such case made and provided, require you to furnish two regiments of the military under your command, armed and equipped, as the law directs, to aid me in preventing the de- struction of said property, and that you report yourself forth- with to me, with your command ready for service. Yours truly, August Beck, Sheriff. Immediately upon receipt of this Gen. Doyle ordered the Sixty-fifth and Seventy-fourth regiments of Buffalo under arms, and proceeded with them to the scene of disturbance. This force only numbered 600 men, and 5o6 j^tsforg of f§e ;J;t»enf8»^econli QRestmenf was found wholly inadequate to protect even a portion of one of the threatened roads. Therefore, on the night of the sixteenth, by direction of Hon. Manly C. Green (a Justice of the Supreme Court), Gen. Doyle ordered out the whole Fourth Brigade, with the excep- tion of the Forty-seventh Separate Company and a bat- tery. This increased the strength of the military force guarding the threatened points to 1,700 men. But even this was found unequal to the emergency. An appeal was thereupon made to Gov. Roswell P. Flower, who at once issued orders to the Ninth, Twelfth, Thirteenth, Twenty-second, Twenty-third and Seventy-first regi- ments, Tenth Battalion, Troop A and First Brigade Signal Corps, and the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Tenth, Fifteenth, Sixteenth, Nineteenth, Twenty-first, Twenty-third.Twenty-eighth, Thirty-second, Thirty-sixth, Thirty-seventh, Thirty-ninth, Forty-fourth and Forty- sixth separate companies, to concentrate immediately at Buffalo. While the newspapers had published reports of the disturbance, its extent had not been generally under- stood in the eastern part of the State. It was supposed that Gen. Doyle's brigade was sufficiently strong to handle it, and no expectation was felt in National Guard circles that troops from the First or Second brigades would be needed. On Wednesday, August 17, the officers and members of the Twenty-second were widely scattered. Col. Camp and many others were in the country on their vacations. Some were at Coney Island and similar resorts. Few were at their resi- dences.. At 5 p. M. on August 1 7 Lieut.-Col. King, having accidentally dropped in at the regimental ar- J^tBferg of f5t ^ujenf^s^econb QRegimenf 507 mory, found there the following telegram addressed to Col. Camp: Albany, August 17, 1892. The Commanding Officer Twenty-second Regiment. Assemble the Twenty-second Regiment to-night, prepared to move before morning. Provide at least sixty rounds of ball cartridge per man. Draw on chief of ordnance for ammunition and blankets. Further instructions later. Report by nine o'clock number of men assembled. (Signed) J. Porter, Adjutant- General. At once every pos- sible method was set at work by Lieut.-Col. King to summon the members of the regi- ment together. Tele- grams were sent to Col. Camp and the follow- ing order to each com- pany commander : LIEUT. -COL. \V. V. KING. Assemble your company at once, prepared for immediate service; act promptly. A few men who happened to be in the armory were sent out to summon those residing near it. The tele- phone and telegraph were set at work, and messenger boys were dispatched in all directions. In an incredibly short time officers, non-commissioned officers and men 5o8 ^S'Bforg of i^ ^f»enfB«^econli QRegtmenf began to pour into the armory to report for duty, and as fast as they did so a specified number from each company was sent out to notify the others. So vigor- ously was the matter pressed and so prompt the re- sponse that by 9 o'clock 400 men were in the armory ready for duty. Private Charles P. Shinn, Company A, was the first member of the regiment to arrive at the armory in response to the call. The following telegram was then sent to the adju- tant-general : Time, 9 o'clock p.m. Four hundred men assembled; this number will be increased; men constantly coming in; await your further orders. About 1 1 p. M. the following telegram was received : Albany, August 17, 1892. Commanding Officer Twenty-second Regiment. Order to assemble your command is countermanded,buthold yourself in readiness to move promptly in case you receive further orders to-morrow morning. (Signed) J. Porter, Adjutant- General. At 4 A. M. the following telegram was received from Albany: Albany, August 18, 1892. Commanding Officer Twenty-second Regiment. Assemble your regiment at once, prepared as directed last evening. Take train at Grand Central Station at 12 o'clock noon for Buffalo. (Signed) J. Porter, Adjutant- General. The call to assemble was so sudden and so wholly unexpected that all the officers and men of the regi- ment had left their business the evening before with W)iBiov^ of f^c ^twenfg'^econb (Regtmenf 509 the expectation of returning in the morning. A brief opportunity was therefore given them to leave the armory to arrange their business affairs, the orders be- ing to report back at 1 1 o'clock a. m. In the meantime arrangements were made with Maresi, the caterer, to furnish the necessary commissary supplies, which were placed on board the train at Grand Central Depot as soon as delivered ; Col. Camp received the orders sent him in time to join the regiment at 8 a. m., when he assumed command. By 10 o'clock a large proportion of the regiment was under arms, equipped in heavy marching order and ready for the field. The rank and file were not aware when they re- sponded to the call to assemble that orders had been received to leave the city. On the contrary, they be- lieved that the regiment was only ordered under arms as a precautionary measure. Consequently, although all those who had been at the armory on the previous night had been afforded ample time to make all nec- essary preparations, a large majority failed to provide themselves with the clothing and other matters neces- sary for service in the field. These suffered keenly in the end, while those who had displayed the forethought to pack their knapsacks properly were more than repaid for their pains. Some of the men had not so much as an extra pocket-handkerchief. What was more serious was that nine out of ten of them wore light shoes — in some cases, of patent leather. In fact, one of the most important lessons taught by the experiences at Buffalo and confirmed by those in Brooklyn was the urgent necessity for a National Guardsman to be pro- 5 I O W)iBiot^ of fge ^f»enfe*^etonb (Regimenf vided with some sort of a low-heeled, heavy-soled, broad-tread shoe for field service. The total amount of money possessed by the forty-odd men who com- posed Company A's representation at Buffalo was less than a hundred dollars in cash. This was the same in the other companies. Consequently, the men while in Buffalo were without funds to purchase more than the barest necessaries for camp service, while the uncer- tainty of the duration of the service deterred many from sending home for what they needed. Those who were supplied with money or other comforts were, how- ever, always willing to share their prosperity with their less fortunate comrades. This experience was a whole- some one and caused the members of the regiment all to be fully equipped when they marched to Brooklyn in the " trolley campaign ' of 1895. The Twenty-second left its armory at 11. 15 a. m. on August 18, with overcoats, knapsacks, one day's rations and sixty rounds of ammunition. It took the elevated railroad at Sixty-fifth Street, detraining at Forty-second Street and marching thence to Grand Central Depot. A special train was already made up when the head of the Twenty-second reached the depot, and but little time was lost in getting the men on the cars. Some little ex- citement was caused by the unverified report "that some one had heard " a railroad employee assert that " a couple of dynamite cartridges would about do for them fellers." But this disappeared in the effort of trying to stow four men and their accoutrements into two car seats. At Yonkers the train carrying the Twenty-second took on board the Fourth Separate Company (Capt. Pruyn), and at Hudson the Twenty-third Separate ^istorg of f0e ^wenfgs^econb QRegimenf ^ 1 1 Company (Capt. Waterman), both of these having been placed under the command of the commanding officer of the Twenty-second. At Poughkeepsie the train made a stop of less than five minutes. This, in all probability, was the most active five minutes ever experienced by the proprietor of the lunch counter at that station. The men had scarcely begun to help them- selves when the engineer sounded the whistle and the conductor cried "All aboard." At this signal the regi- ment rushed in haste to the cars. But its members in doing so carried away with them everything eatable that was exposed on the lunch counter. The owner was assured, however, that for any forgetfulness on the part of the men to pay he would receive full compen- sation upon the return of the regiment to New York, which promise was faithfully carried out. The trainreached Albany shortly after 4 o'clock p.m. Just beyond Albany it passed the Twelfth Regiment, which had left the Grand Central Depot about an hour before the departure of the Twenty-second, and whose train had met with a slight mishap. The grumbling at the commissary department began on the train. Although ample rations, in the shape of sandwiches, coflfee, milk, etc., etc., had been provided for all, the method of distribution was so poor that while some companies got more than their share (which was consequently wasted ), others went hungry. Those who had been far-sighted enough to carry their own rations were independent of this. Along in the evening the thoughtful -commissary department served a train-load of healthy and hungry citizen soldiers with a supper of lemonade, milk and cake ! 512 W)ieior^ of t^ $i»enfg«^e«>nb QRegtmenf The number of men who slept on the way up to Buffalo may be represented by x. As usual on such occasions, those who appreciated the necessity for rest were kept awake by the others, who were too much ex- cited to sleep themselves, and were determined that no one else should do so. Then, again, it is a difficult matter for four stalwart men, with full equipments, to sleep in two narrow seats of a railroad car.* So hurried and unexpected had been the departure of the regiment that a number of the officers and men who had not received their orders as soon as the others, upon reporting to the armory found, to their intense disgust, that they were too late — that the regiment had gone. These were formed into a detachment and marched to the Grand Central Depot, where they were joined by similar squads from other regiments. These were organized into a detachment which was placed under the conimand of Maj. Franklin Bartlett. This was put into a special car which was attached to the rear of the Southwestern limited, which left the depot at 1.55 p. M. on August 18. As the special containing the Twenty-second had been delayed by stopping to take up the two separate companies, it was passed by the limited at Syracuse. This arrived in Buffalo at 1.30 A. M., being delayed by the blocking of the tracks. As Buffalo was neared the troops it carried were forcibly reminded that they were upon no holiday trip. It was a beautiful summer night. Looking out from the car windows, sentries could be seen in all directions through the immense freight-yards that fringe the outskirts of Buffalo, guarding the switches, bridges and crossings * See Chapter VI., Harper's Ferry, page 54 ante. I^ieforg of f^c $f»enfg*^econb (Regtmenf 513 and walking their posts with measured tread. Occa- sionally the voices of the corporals and of the "rounds" and an occasional challenge or shot broke the solemn stillness of the night. Disembarking at the depot, the detachment wrapped themselves in their blankets and lay down on the platform to await the arrival of the regiment, which did not take place until 5. 40 a. m. At 4 A. M. Mr. Rossiter, Division Superintendent of the Central, stated that he had been directed to prepare a warm breakfast for the regiment upon its arrival, and at the same time offered to give the members of the detachment their breakfast of coffee and rolls at once, if they desired it. All the men, however, declined, although they had not had a " square meal" for twenty- four hours, preferring to take their breakfast with the regiment when it arrived. This was a violation of the primary military maxim to "always eat and sleep all you can, whenever you get a chance, for the Lord only knows when you will get another opportunity," and was very unwise. 5 14 JS)XBiot^ of i^ ^wenfgj^econb (TRegimenf When the main body of the Twenty-second arrived the need for their service was so great that they could not be permitted to wait to eat the breakfast that had been provided. The orders from Gen. Doyle, com- manding the Fourth Brigade, were imperative, and the regiment proceeded at once to "Tifft Farm," some three miles distant, during every step of which every member of Maj. Bartlett's detachment thought more and more sadly of the breakfast they had sacrificed from a feeling of etiquette. The strength of the regiment at Buffalo was as fol- lows : Field and staflE lo E Company 93 Non-commissioned staff. . - . 8 F Company 74 A Company 45 G Company 46 B Company 54 H Company 63 C Company 78 I Company * D Company 60 K Company 51 Total 583 The officers present were as follows : Field an d staff — Colonel, John T. Camp ; Lieutenant- Colonel, Wm. V. King; Major, Franklin Bartlett ; Adjutant, Stephen F. Hart (Harry H. Treadwell acting); Quartermaster, Wm. E. Haws, Jr.; Commissary, Jos. M. Smith; Assistant Surgeon, Bennett S. Beach; Chap- lam, Wm. N. Dunnell, S. T. D.; First Lieutenant, Homer Bostwick; Inspector of Rifle Practice, M. E. Burnton ; Captain, Joseph P. Jardine (attached). Non-commissioned staff — Sergeant-Major, Daniel J. Murphy ; Quartermaster-Sergeant, Fred. D. Britton : Commissary-Sergeant, Celestin S. Wehrle; Ordnance • Not organized at this time. ^isior^ of f3e ^iwenf^s^econb QRegtmenf 515 Sergeant, Samuel M.Phillips; Hospital Steward, Geo. B. Benedict ; General Guides, A. Wilkinson and R. J. Secor; Color-Bearer, W. L. Borstelman. TY-PES OF RIOTERS. The company ofificers present were: A Company — Captain, Wm. E. Preece ; Lieuten ants, James P. Kenworthy, Wm. H. Alley. B Company — Captain, Wm. J. Maidhoflf ; Lieuten ants, Harry H. Treadwell,'-' John H. Wightman. C Company — Captain, John G. R. Lilliendahl ; Lieutenants, Malcolm' C. Murray and Charles E.Austin. D Company — Captain, Wm. H. Cortelyou; Lieu- tenants, James A. Bell and Frank M. Anderson. • Acting adjutant in Maj. Bartlett's battalion. 5i6 %iBiot^ of f6« ^wenfgs^econb (Rte^meni E Company — Captain, N. B. Thurston; Lieuten- ants, J. A. Quigley and W. B. Hotchkiss. F Company — Captain, William B. Smith; Lieuten- ants, Walter S. Bennett and David Lowenbein. G Company — Captain, Geo. F. Demarest; Lieuten- ants, Edwin W. Dayton and Sam'l F. Ball. H Company — Captain, Wm. J. Hussey; Lieuten- ants, Clifford C. Cassidy and Adolph E. Dick. I Company — * K Company — Captain, George E. B. Hart; Lieuten- ants, Rob. J. Daly and Robert R. Meneeley. The march of the command was directly through the district inhabited by the striking switchmen, and it was soon apparent that the troops were regarded by that portion of the community with intense animosity. The idle men lounging about in little groups scowled at the column, while the women and children indulged in hisses and cat-calls. The announcement that the regiment was to be stationed at the "Tifft Farm " brought to the minds of its members visions of green fields and trees ; of freshly- laid eggs, chickens, milk, butter, and other similar good things, and everybody felt that "their lines had fallen into pleasant places." • Not in existence at this date. CHAPTER XLV MAJOR BARTLETT S BATTALION. w HILE the Twenty-second were on the way to this beautiful "farm," Companies A (Lieut. Ken- worthy), B (Capt. Maidhoff), and H. (Capt. Hussey), with the Fourth Sepa- rate Company (Capt. Pruyn), were de- tached, under command of Maj. Bart- lett, to guard the elevators, tracks, freight-houses, etc., of the Erie Rail- road. Thereafter they constituted a separate battalion having experiences of its own. Its headquarters were officially des- ignated as " Camp 3, at the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co.'s yards, at Ohio Street." Upon reaching this spot it went into camp. That is, the battalion marched into the yard, stacked arms and posted a guard (and at once ascertained that butter, eggs and milk are not included in the adjuncts to a coal-yard). The yard was a large enclosure bounded on three sides by a high, close board fence, and on the fourth by 517 MAJOR BARTLETT. 5i8 ^xBiot:^ of f^e ^twenfgs^econb (He0imenf the Bufifalo Creek, along which ran the Delaware and Hudson Company's long coal-trestle. On the Louis- iana Street side were the frame offices of the coal company, which were occupied as battalion head- quarters and the hospital. A little separated from these offices was a stable of several compartments, which was speedily occupied as a guard-house. At the end of this COMPANY A, UNDER DELAWARE AND HUDSON R. R. TRESTLE. building was a large coop plentifully stocked with fowls belonging to the superintendent of the yard, who, it seemed, was a chicken-fancier. Little did this worthy man think when he first began to ride his hobby that one day he would earn the everlasting gratitude of a National Guard organization of which at that time he had doubtless never heard! The members of the bat- talion have ever since prayed that his shadow might 5lq jIgtBforg of f^e ^i»enfg«^eco«b (Hegimetit ^ 2 1 never grow less, and that a bounteous Providence might shower blessings upon his head as a benevolent, public-spirited man ! The first thought of all the members of the battalion after breaking ranks was breakfast, and strong detach- ments — some fully armed and equipped, and others wearing side-arms only — usually under command of a commissioned officer, were sent into Buffalo to forage. COMMISSARY DEPARTMENT, TIFFT FARM. Upon their return fresh details were sent on the same errand. Those who were fortunate enough to penetrate to the Union Depot were fed at the excellent station restaurant, without expense. It occurred to nobody at that time to lay in a stock 52 2 ^iBiot^ of f^e $<»enfB«^econ5> QRegtmenf of uncooked provisions, for it had been rumored that cooked rations were on the way, but unavoidably delayed. In their blind, unreasoning faith in the com- missary department (which, at State camp, had never failed to serve three full meals each day), " sufficient unto the hour is the evil thereof " was the sentiment of all concerned. Later in the day there was received from the commissary department a large supply of tin cups, a barrel of fat, greasy, slimy-looking hams, a barrel of stale bread, and a barrel of what was invoiced as "pea soup," but which tasted cold (in which state it reached the consumer) more like a solution of castile soap in dish-water than anything else. During the afternoon, Capt. Preece, of Company A, in command of a number of men who had reached the armory too late to accompany the regiment, joined the battalion. A rain-storm seeming imminent, the men vigorously attacked the piles of lumber which lay scattered around the yard, and, with nails borrowed from the office of the coal company and with coupling- pins for hammers, speedily knocked together rude shanties under the coal-trestle. A great deal of unsus- pected ingenuity was displayed in the construction of some of these shanties. One known as " No. i Fifth Avenue " was a model, being closely built, tightly roofed and well floored. Some of the men essayed the construction of bunks. One of these was an am- bitious structure resembling an uncovered oblong box, elevated some three or four feet above the ground. Its constructor was extremely proud of his work, and would doubtless have had many imitators had it not happened that when he had sunk into a peaceful ^isforg of f^c ^t»ent8»^econb (Kegimenf 523 slumber the bottom of his edifice dropped suddenly out, depositing him sprawling on the ground. None of these shanties were occupied after the first one or two nights. Not only did a damp, bitingwind blow in from the lake in the early morning hours, set- ting at defiance both overcoats and blankets, and rendering a camp-fire a necessity, but the dock swarmed with enormous rats, which gamboled like kittens over the men who slept in the bunks. This combination of circumstances made a plank on the ground around the camp-fire infinitely preferable as a resting-place to the best of them. On Sunday, the 21st, tents were issued and erected. But many of the men still preferred to sleep around the fire. Those who occupied the tents frequently were awakened by the cold and were obliged to go to the camp-fires at intervals during the night, to get warmed through. A few days later several loads of hay furnished comfortable beds for all, and made it possible to sleep in the tents throughout the night. Those who slept on the ground usually found, on awakening in the morning, that while the blanket around the feet, which were nearest the fire, would be dry, the upper part of the blanket and the cape of the overcoat (which were wrapped around the head at night) would be thoroughly damp. Nearly all the men con- tracted colds, with hollow, deep-sounding coughs, from this cause, and that all of them escaped pulmonary troubles is at once a matter for surprise and congrat- ulation. For an hour or so in the evening the rain poured down in torrents. In the midst of the storm the camp was startled by a succession of sounds as if a conflict 524 l^teforg of f0e ^ojenigs^econb QRegimenf was raging in the near neighborhood and that volleys were being fired at regular intervals. The men ran for their equipments and prepared themselves for instant service, but investigation showed that a single work- man, at the Erie grain elevator near by, was shunting freight-cars on the siding. His method was to hitch a horse to the end of a car and, giving it a start, allow it to roll down the slight grade of its own volition. The impact of each car against the one ahead caused the rattling noise which so closely resembled volley firing. The guards were posted twice a day, the morning guard going on duty at 8 a. m. and remaining until re- lieved by the night guard at 8 p. m. The ceremony of guard mounting was dispensed with, and the lieutenants of the battalion alternated as officers of the guard, there being no regularly-appointed officer of the day. In ad- dition to this guard, which was posted inside the camp and along the tracks in front of the grain elevator be- fore mentioned, there was an outpost guard which went on duty at 8 or 9 a. m. and remained until relieved by a second detail, at i or 2 p. m. This guard was posted at the switches (two sentries to "each post) along the line of railroad, extending from the end of the chain of camp sentries to the sentries of the Ninth Regiment, at the point of intersection of the Erie and Lake Shore railroads, the whole chain of outpost sentries covering a distance of perhaps half or three-quarters of a mile. This outpost guard was withdrawn at night. Besides these four daily guard details, the battalion was called upon to furnish special details when necessary, to escort mov- ing freight-trains and similar duties. J^iBforg of f6e ^ejenfgs^econb (TRe0imenf 525 An effort was made to so arrange the detailing of men to the different guards that each one might have an opportunity for rest and relaxation. The force avail- able for duty at any time was, however, so small, and the amount of territory that had to be covered so great, that it frequently happened that an enlisted man coming off guard in the morning would find himself detailed again for that same night. At least one case is recalled of a private who was forced to stand guard for five successive nights, getting little or no sleep in the daytime. This condition of affairs was greatly relieved a few days later, when a large detachment from the Fourth Separate Company of Yonkers was attached to the battalion. The first relief of the night guard was posted amid a great shouting and jeering from the crowd in the streets. But this gradually died away, and by the time the third relief went on post, four hours later, the crowd had vanished and the streets were orderly. Contrary to all expectations (for rumor had been active during the day), no trouble was experienced during the night, and the wearied sentries had great difficulty keeping awake. That night Company A decided that they had bet- ter do something to render themselves, to some extent at least, independent of the commissary department, and the following morning a collection was taken up and a detail sent to town to purchase provisions. Their example was followed by the oiher companies. This was the first move towards self-support in the battalion. There was plenty of fuel near at hand, and the differ- ent companies found that they had a number of men in their ranks who were accomplished cooks. 526 ^teforg of f^c ^wenfgs^econJi (Regimmf Camp cooking stoves were constructed by first digging a shallow hole, a couple of feet square, to create a draft. Over this was laid a coal-screen (a square wire screen with meshes about a quarter-inch square, used at the ends of the chutes on the trestle to separate the dust and fine coal from the coarse). On this screen the fire was built, and a second screen, its corners resting on columns composed of several bricks, was placed over it to form the cooking surface. As a gridiron for broiling meats, or as a contrivance for toasting stale bread, this arrangement was unsurpassed. During the first days of the service the hot meals con- sisted of a large wash- boilerful of a mix- ture of water, canned corned beef, potatoes, ^ onions, corn, and any- thing else that might be near at hand (including, of course, a quantity of coal dust). This concoction was permitted to slowly simmer until a thick, yellow scum appeared on the surface, when it was accounted " done," and was served accordingly. More than one man suffered the pangs of indigestion as the result of this fare, and at least one found that a seidlitz powder taken from a tin cup that had previously contained this delectable stew (even though the cup had previously received an apology for a cleansing) made a powerful emetic ! Until the machinery of the commissary department got into working order, the washboiler, of which mention has %iaiot^ of fge ^toenfgs^econb QReg^menf 527 been previously made, was the only thing in the way of a kitchen utensil in the camp. Afterwards the large tin pans,,which had contained baked beans, were made to answer every requirement. The New York papers published an account that the dinner m^nu of Company A consisted of mullaga- tawney soup, clam chowder, Hamburger steak, boiled ham, corned beef, boiled potatoes, bread and butter and " slumgullion" (coffee). But this was merely a light- hearted fiction. The cooking, however, was good. Company A was regaled with lyonnaise potatoes and similar luxuries, prepared by the skilful hand of its chef, and it may surprise some of the men to learn at this late day that those fat, greasy, slimy-looking hams, which had so grievously insulted their fastidious stomachs, were, when nicely sliced, recooked and served with eggs and a modicum of coal dust, devoured with gusto by those who had so recently inveighed loudest against them. While the people living in certain localities were bitter against the soldiers, it was different with those living in the snug little cottages on the line of the out- posts. These were so uniformly kind and hospitable that to secure a detail to the outposts became a matter of the liveliest competition among the men. A substantial storehouse, the only one built in the camp, was constructed by Company A. This was built of heavy planks, its roof composed of the two doors of an old freight-car and the floor made of heavy planks, and elevated some two feet from the ground. In this building the commissary stores were kept safe from all damage of the elements. 5-^8 ^tfiforg of f3c ^toenfgf^cconb (Regimenf The only conflicts of a serious nature in which the battalion was engaged were the arrest of Daniel Moran, a local prize-fighter, by three members of the company, and the killing of Michael Broderick, on August 25. In the former case, Moran, half drunk, with a com- panion, approached Private Arthur E. Cottrell, a sentry on post, and with much profanity announced his inten- tion of forcing his way through the lines. He was brought to a standstill against the point of Cottrell's bayonet. Despite the remonstrances of his more sober companion, an dToudly proclaiming his ability to "lick the whole crowd," he seized the sentry's piece and at- tempted to wrest it from his grasp. Attracted by the noise of the fracas, Privates Charles P. Shinn and John M. Hampton, sentries on the nearest posts on each side, ran to the support of their comrade, Shinn arriv- J^tBfotrg of f^e ^intni^'^tconi (Kegtmenf 529 ing just in time to put an end to the struggle by a blow, with the butt of his rifle, on the pugilist's head. The bruiser's companion started promptly to run, but was stopped by the threat of the sentries to fire. Both men were put in arrest and taken to the station-house by the police, for whom a telephone message had been sent from battalion headquarters. The two prisoners were promptly discharged from custody the following day by a police justice. This was the custom with those magistrates in Buffalo in the case of most of the rioters who were brought before them during the strike. Although the strike was formally declared " off" on August 24, yet the demonstrations by the turbulent element it had brought together did not cease until some time afterwards. At about 1 1 a. m. on August 25 a large crowd of disorderly characters assembled at the Erie crossing at Ohio Street. Some of thenxhad been drinking ; all of them were surly at the failure of the strike. Led on by a few hotheads, who had assumed their leadership, they became more and more aggres- sive. This was the first day that any considerable number of trains had been moved without military guards, and the crowd took advantage of it to stone the unprotected trainmen. The throng soon increased to several hundred men, women and children, who were cursing and throwing stones, and a serious disturb- ance became imminent. At about noon a long train passed this point which was guarded by a squad of the Seventy-first, under command of Capt. Francis of Company E. These men were stationed on the engine and along the tops of the cars, and were unsuspicious of danger. They were greeted with a volley of stones. 530 W)iBiot^ of fge ^meni^' §tconi) QRestmenf coal, bolts and similar missiles. The train, however, was in rapid motion and conveyed the troops out of the scene of difficulty before they had time to fire at the offenders. The crowd appeared to be emboldened by this success. The disturbance continued to grow, and some of the sentries of the Twenty-second, which were in its neighborhood, were pelted with coal, stones and other projectiles. As usual upon such occasions, in addition to the grown men who were engaged in the disturbance,and out- vying them in their violent acts, were a number of half- grown boys. One of these, Michael Broderick, a well- grown lad of seventeen, was particularly prominent in the mob and conspicuous in the stone-throwing. Thedisturb- ance finally nearly attained the proportions of a riot. As it was near the headquarters of Maj. Bartlett's battalion, the gfuard of the latter, under the command of Lieut. Cassidy of Company H of the Twenty-second, who was also the officer of the day, was dispatched on the " double " to suppress it. When the guard approached the crowd they were greeted with a storm of epithets and a shower of missiles. Lieut. Cassidy halted his guard and ordered the crowd to disperse, but his orders were treated with derision. A charge was then made upon the rioters by the soldiers, but they refused to move. Lieut. Cassidy was therefore compelled, as a last resort, to order some of his men to fire. The order was obeyed, and Broderick, who had been selected bv one of the soldiers as one of the most prominent in the disturbance, fell with a bullet through his side. Some others were also hurt. As usual in such cases, the rioters at once took to their heels in the wildest con- 531 ^tBforg of fge ^toenfg^^econb (Regtmenf 533 fusion, the guard being only able to make three arrests. Broderick died that night. This occurrence, although unavoidable, was greatly regretted by all the members of the Twenty-second. While Broderick brought his fate upon himself, yet it was felt that he was only a boy and much sympathy was expressed for him. It was also felt to be most unfortunate that, after the strike had been practically ended, a life should be sacrificed. At this time there was a strong desire among certain classes in Buffalo to "get even" with the Na- tional Guard, whose presence had caused the failure of the strike. Strenuous efforts were made by this class, together with the friends of Broderick, to punish those who composed the guard that fired the fatal shot. In this they were substantially aided by the police, who were in sympathy with the strikers and antagonistic 534 iBisfofg of f^e $ttien<8=^cconb QRegtmenf to the National Guard in general, and to the Twenty- second Regiment in particular. An investigation was had before a coroner's jury, at which no one was sum- moned except those friendly to the rioters, and a ver- dict was rendered that the shooting was unjustifiable. No attention was paid, however, to the proceedings by the Twenty-second. They felt that all of the officers and men concerned in the affair had simply performed their duty in maintaining the law, and it did not seem possible to them that any criminal proceedings could possibly grow out of the matter. To their great astonish- ment they learned from the newspapers, after their re- turn to New York, that the Grand Jury had found an indictment for murder against Lieut. Cassidv, the com- mander of the guard. Vigorous action on behalf of the State authorities then became necessary. It was clear that if the members of the National Guard, who might be ordered to distant parts of the State to put down a riot, were liable to arrest and trial in the courts of the district in which they were serving for obeying their orders, that their military efficiency would be seri- ously interfered with. Such service is almost always locally unpopular if the disturbance is a serious one, and, with such a feeling, it would be easy for the lead- ers of the law-breakers to subject the troops to so much expense and inconvenience as to render it impossible to get men to serve. The attorney-general of the State therefore at once intervened, and such proceedings were had that the in- dictment was quashed without putting Lieut. Cassidy to the expense of going to Buffalo to defend himself. This was but just, as there was not a particle of evidence against him of having done anything but his duty. The effect of this proceeding was to induce the passage by the Legislature, in May, 1893, of an amend- ment to Sec. 160 of the Military Code (Chap. 599, Laws of 1893), providing that members of the National Guard shall not be liable, civilly or criminally, for acts done by them when ordered on duty in case of insurrection, in- vasion, tumult, riot or breaches of the peace. This leaves the officers and men under the exclusive juris- diction of courts-martial. These have full power to punish any improper conduct. Such punishment will, however, be impartial. The National Guardsmen are now protected by this law from being subjected to arrest or indictment, by prejudiced officials, for obeying the lawful orders of their superiors in maintaining order. As a further protection from baseless or speculative civil suits, the same act amended Sec. 135 of the old Military Code (now Sec. 264) so as to require any person bringing a suit against any National Guard officer for acts done in his official capacity to give security for costs, and, if defeated, to pay treble costs. It is told that one night when Lieut, (since captain) Kenworthy was officer of the guard he sat on the rude bench outside of the guard-house, laboriously battling with exhausted nature and trying to keep his heavy eyes open. Suddenly they opened, and this time they re- mained open. He was wide awake in an instant, for ' what he saw seemed to be nothing more nor less than a man carrying a lighted lantern, walking slowly along the top of the coal-trestle. At least he saw the lantern, and his imagination had no trouble picturing the man 536 ^iBforg of f^ ^i»enf8«^eciBior^ of f6« ^i»enfg5^econ& (Kegtmenf proper hour was no easy task. The State was most liberal, Governor Flower's orders being that the troops should have everything that they wanted. The diffi- culty was one of administration. The attempt to supply cooked food ivas a failure. It had to be transported from two to four miles, usually over wretched roads, and was always delayed and often spoiled in transit by the heat. Consequently, at first there was considerable privation. After the first day the Twenty-second declined to receive cooked food, but drew and cooked its own rations. All its battalions found in their ranks a num- ber of men who knew how to cook, and much ingenuity was displayed in constructing ovens and preparing the food for the command. The sleeping accommodations were, at first, of all descriptions. Sheds, freight-cars — anything that had a roof — were used. In addition, bunks were built, as before stated. After a day or two tents were issued and regular camps established wherever proper camping-spots could be obtained. Quantities of hay and, in some cases, of shavings, were distributed, to keep the men off the damp ground, and to protect them from the bleak night winds that came from Lake Erie. Two companies slept in a stable. The field and staff officers occupied houses. The troops were stationed as follows : Camp I, at junction of Erie, Buffalo Creek and Western N. Y. & Pa. R. R., with outpost protecting all tracks south to Buffalo River. Another outpost at N. Y.. Lake Erie & W. yard and shops at Smith Street ; another at Western N. Y. & Pa. ^tBtorg of f^e ^i»6nf8«^eco)i& QRegimenf 549 round-house and yard, and along Erie yards to Babcock Street. Also along the tracks of the Buffalo Creek R. R. to those of the Central, and along the W. N. Y. & Pa. to Bailey Avenue, in- cluding the trestle and tracks of the Lehigh west of Bailey Avenue. Twelfth Regiment and Fifteenth, Nineteenth and Forty- seventh Separate Companies (707 men). Camp 2, on Tifft Farm (above described). Twenty-second Regiment headquarters and Fourth, Sixteenth and Twenty- third Separate Companies (777 men). Camp 3, coal-yard Del. & Hudson Canal Co., with outposts at Erie elevator and freight-house and along Erie tracks to those of the Lake Shore. Companies A, B and H, Twenty- second (Maj. Bartlett), and Fourth, Sixteenth and Twenty-third Separate Companies. Camp 4, Market grounds, Elk and Michigan Streets. Out- posts at Central elevators, tracks and docks. Thirteenth Regi- ment (662 strong). Camp 5, Red Jacket and Hamburgh Streets. Outposts at Lake Shore yard and shops and along tracks and freight-houses of Lake Shore and N. Y., L. E. & W. and W. N. Y. & Pa. Ninth Regiment and Tenth, Fifth and Thirty-first Separate Companies (612 strong). Camp 6, Ganson Street, south of Michigan, with outposts protecting trestles, track and buildings. Thirteenth Regiment. Camp 7, N. Y., L. E. & W. shops, near Bailey Avenue and Dingens Street, with outposts. Seventy-first Regiment (624 strong). Camp 8, Lehigh Valley shops and yard. Sixty-fifth Regi- ment and Thirteenth, Twenty-fifth, Forty-second and Forty- third Separate Companies (714 strong). Camp 9, New York Central shops. East Buffalo, with strong outpost at its stock yards and crossings. First Provisional Regi- ment, composed of the Second, Thirty-fourth, Forty-first, Forty- fourth and Forty-eighth Separate Companies (425 strong). Camp 10, Black Rock, Tonawanda Street, north of crossing junction, with outpost at Erie freight-house. Part of Second 550 J^tBforg of i^ ^t»ertfg5^econb (Regimenf Provisional Regiment, composed of the Thirty-second, Seventh, Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Separate Companies (216 strong). Camp II, N. Y. Central freight-house, Erie Street. Part of Second Provisional Regiment, Thirty-second, Seventh, Thirty- sixth and Thirty-seventh Separate Companies (171 strong). Camp 12, N. Y. Central car-shops, Seneca Street, with outposts along Cen- tral Railroad and West Shore freight-house at Swan Street. Tenth Bat- talion, Sixth, Twenty-first, Forty-fourth and Forty- sixth Separate Companies (591 strong). Camp 13, Wagner car- shops, with outposts along West Shore track and pa- trols along Belt Line Rail- road from William Street to Black Rock. Twenty- third Regiment (691 strong). Camp 14, Lehigh Valley Railroad, with outposts to coal-trestle in Cheektowga. Seventy-fourth Regiment and First, Eighth, Twenty-sixth and Thirtieth Separate Companies (598 strong). Camp 15, Exchange and Michigan Streets. Reserves, with outposts at Lehigh, Central and Erie passenger depots. Troop A, Fifth Battery, were also on duty. Total present for duty August 24, 6,890. On Sunday, the 21st, divine service vi^as held at regimental headquarters by Rev. Dr. William N. Dun- REV. DR. WM. N. BUNNELL, CHAPLAIN. ^iBforg of f^e ^wentgs^econb QRegtmenf ^ 5 i nell, the chaplain of the regiment, who shared its fortunes, and was attended by as many men not on special duty as were within sound of " Church Call." On August 20, a conflict of authority occurred, aris- ing from the fact that Col. Austin, of the Thirteenth Regiment, ordered the commanding officer of the Fourth Separate Company (which was attached to Maj. Bartlett's battalion) to report to him (Col. Austin), which order Capt. Pruyn complied with without con- sulting Maj. Bartlett and without orders from him. He was promptly ordered back by Gen. Doyle and rep- rimanded by Col. Camp for his conduct, which prob- ably arose from inexperience. This excuse cannot be made for Col. Austin. Notwithstanding the poor quarters and food, the hard work and exposure, there was but little sick- ness in the regiment. This must be ascribed to the thoughtful care and wise sanitary precautions of Sur- geon Beach. In spite of all drawbacks, the members of the Twenty-second enjoyed their experience, as has always been the case when they have been called upon to per- form actual service. Col. Camp and Lieut.-Coi. King, Maj. Bartlett and the other officers were most efficient, and were at once popular and respected. This was par- ticularly the case with Col. Camp, who knew no rest in looking after his men, and was always cool and com- posed. The discipline of the regiment was even and firm and its spirit admirable. CHAPTER XLVII. LIEUT.-COL. KING S BATTALION. AS before stated * Lieut.-Col. King was placed in command of companies C and F, witli head- quarters near Buffalo Creek. The first duty of this detachment' was to arrange its camp in military order. An empty oil shed, after being thoroughly swept, served for- a quartermaster's store- house, and a hydrant close at hand supplied water. Everything else was lacking. The men naturally felt severely the fatigue incident to their long journey, as well as the want of food. They washed and sought a shady spot for rest and eagerly watched for breakfast. After some time, one of the men reported the dis- covery of a sack of potatoes. A fire was at once kindled, and the potatoes, baked in the embers, were devoured before they were thoroughly cooked. Mean- time the officers had laid out the guard lines, and the first relief was detailed and proceeded to its posts. A foraging party was then organized, which went through the freight-yards, examining the cars in quest of " per- ishable freight." The search was rewarded with the discovery of crackers, canned beans, peas, corn and * Page 538 ante. 552 553 ^isforg of f^e ttwenfg^^cconb QReatmenf 555 tomatoes, a sufficient quantity of which was at once appropriated, and, after being cooked in the most prim- itive manner, was served out to the command. This restored good nature and stopped the grumbling at the commissary department. Between 5 and 6 o'clock, Capt. Smith (F Co., who had been absent from New York at the time of the departure of the regiment) arrived in camp on a hand car, and relieved Lieut. Ben- nett, who until then had been in command, his arrival being loudly cheered. The centre of the camp was situated between two car tracks, and the low and swampy character of the land between Buffalo Creek and Lake Erie making the use of tents undesirable, empty box cars were pushed up ^^^^U«ETRAK3irw^,^^^ the side-track into the positions desired. These served throughout the campaign as sleeping quarters, and were found a positive luxury that night to soldiers worn out by their sleepless journey of the night before and a day of activity. The men covered the floor of the 556 3§i6fotrg of f^e ^ttienfgs^econb (Regtmenf cars with straw, and, with their knapsacks for pillows, laid down side by side, covered with their army blankets, and were conscious of nothing until the sound of re- veille. The next morning regular camp routine was established, " wash up," roll-call and breakfast (such as it was), then the formation of the guards, the relief of those on duty, and thereafter steady sentry duty. SCENE ON BUFFALO CREEK R. R. The work of this detachment was exceedingly ardu- ous. They were required to protect all trains sent out over the tracks of the Lake Shore, Lehigh Valley and Buffalo Creek railroads, and in addition to guard a number of trestle-bridges, switch-towers, engine-houses, and the like. Frequently, after a night of sentry duty upon the trestle-bridges, the men were obliged to guard freight trains sent out in the daytime. The number of men was inadequate for the amount of work assigned, but no complaint was uttered during the entire tour of ^xBiot^ of i^ ^twenfgs^econi) (Kegimeuf 55; service. On the contrary, a spirit of cheerful obe- dience and a prompt response to all calls for extra duty distinguished alike the ofificers and enlisted men. The presence of the command and the thorough- ness of its discipline and deportment soon caused its immediate territory to be abandoned by the riotous strikers. Constant vigilance was, however, required and was exercised. The outposts of Col. King's battalion were centred at a switch-house on the L. S. & M. S. R. R. between the B. R. & P. Junc- tion and the iron li bridge over the Erie Canal, and a short distance from Camp King (which the camp had already been christened). .Shortly after its oc- cupation, a couple of ragged little urchins, who were loitering around, were captured by the sergeant of the guard, ushered into the guard-house and "pumped." These afterwards proved valuable adjuncts to that camp. From these contrabands, who were dubbed " Lapsy Telwingus " and " Buzzazzar," a good deal of useful information was obtained. As they showed a decided disposition to earn an honest dollar. Col. King at once dispatched them with orders for fresh meat. As this, a few hours later, found a welcome reception in camp, they were established as per- manent messengers. Tobacco, stationery, fruit and wet goods were obtained through this medium, as 5^8 ^iBiot)i of i^t ^wenfgj^econb (Kegtmenf well as postal service during the remainder of the cam- paign. During the same day, however, the famine which had previously existed ceased. Supplies arrived from regimental headquarters, such as canned goods, soups, corned meat, ham and cheese, and were well cooked by volunteers, some of whom demonstrated abilities as cooks that Delmonico might have envied. After nightfall, the men gathered around the glowing camp-fires and indulged in songs and stories that would have done credit to the best vaudeville on the boards, including a wonderful serpentine dance, dialect songs and monologues. The sudden call of the State for troops had been responded to in such haste that many of the men had no time to procure the necessary equipment. These soon required additional underwear and shoes. So nu- merous were the applications for permission to go into Buffalo to procure what was needed that instructions were issued to the commanding officers of companies C and F to make up a list of such wants, and to detail two men from each company to do the purchasing. This was done, but on the following morning, when reveille sounded, the larger portion of the outpost turned out in underwear so gorgeous in colors and ribbons that an examination was not necessary to disclose the fact that such underwear was "built for the female sex." Wherever there is a camp of soldiers there are always exciting rumors. The rank and file are ifot taken into the confidence of the commanding officers, and are usually ignorant of operations and conditions outside of their own limited observation. But what they lack in J^ioforg of f0e ^wenfg^^econb (Kegtmenf erg information they make up in surmises: every hint or remark dropped by any officer is worked up into a startling fact. Bufifalo was no exception* to the general rule. During the first week of service, in particular, the air was full of the most exciting reports. When tattoo sounded on the first night of their arrival the men of the battaUon turned ni with the con- fident expectation that they would be called to arms before daybreak. They were disappointed, however, for they were not disturbed until reveille. The same thing occurred on a number of other nights, until they learned the truth of the proverb, " they say is a liar." That guard duty was incessant goes without saying. It was also most fascinating, although fatiguing. It involved patroling up and down the tracks and bridges in the long, still hours of the night, peering into the darkness, listening intently to every sound, and watching every bush or shadow seeming to ambush an enemy. It was no child's play, as was shown by the number of assaults on sentries that were reported. In one case a man ap- proached a sentry of the battalion, and, feigning to give the countersign, attempted to wrest his rifle from him. The sentinel gallantly resisted and yelled lustily for the patrol. In the struggle both men fell, but the sentinel on the adjoining post came to the rescue, and, striking the assailant with the butt of his piece, stunned him. The corporal and reserves arrived immediately and arrested him. It then proved that he was under the in- fluence of Buffalo "tanglefoot," and probably meant no harm beyond resenting being challenged. The sentries' vigilance was also stimulated by frequent surprises by the officers of the guard and Lieut.-Col. King. The 560 W>iBiov^ of fge ^ttjenfB'^eeonb QRegimenf latter could be found almost anywhere at almost any hour. One dark night a sentry patroling his post be- tween two long lines of freight cars was startled by the sound of voices, and, peering under the car, could see the outline of men's legs as they hauled themselves up between the cars, preparatory to crossing his post. He at once stealthily executed a flank movement, and arrested them as they appeared in sight, only to find that the supposed marauders were two of the battalion's captains, in the act of inspecting the guard lines. The men on guard got but little sleep while off post, but usually sat around the guard-house, smoking their pipes, discussing the situation and telling stories. On August 23, Lieut. Charles E. Asten, of Co. C, with a detail of five men, viz., Sergt. Wm. S. Conrow, Corp. Benjamin Ronzone, Private J. F. Lutz of Co. C, and Private Benjamin F Hall and Harry E. Brown of Co. F, was sent out upon a freight train of some sixty cars moving from Lehigh Valley yard, with in- structions to protect it. Upon approaching a switch at Ganson Street the engine stopped, and one of the non-striking switchmen alighted from the train and ran some distance ahead of the engine to turn the switch. As soon as he approached the latter he was set upon by five striking switchmen and brutally kicked and beaten, his assailants pounding him with stones after he had been knocked down. A volley of stones was also thrown at the guards upon the cars. Lieut. Asten and a portion of his detail hastened to his assist- ance, and while doing so were fired at by a mob of the strikers who had collected at this point, most of whom were armed with revolvers. Lieut. Asten then drew J^ifitorg of f^e C<»en<8«^econb QRegtmenf 56 T his revolver and ordered Sergt. Conrow (who had caught up with him) to load, select one striker and fire at him, while he (Asten) would select another. Sergt. Conrow's shot took effect. The remainder of the de- tail having come up, the strikers, pursued by the guard, fled to a neighboring liquor saloon and locked and bar- ricaded the doors. Lieut. Asten demanded admission. This being refused, he ordered his men to break down the doors with the butts of their rifles. This was promptly done, and, entering the place, he put all the men in the room under arrest. The wounded striker, Jerry Manaher by name, was carried to the hospital, where his right arm was amputated and a wound in his side properly treated ; the others were turned over to the civil authorities to receive just punishment. Lieut. Asten had no sooner entered the saloon than it was surrounded by a crowd of nearly a thousand strikers and their sympathizing friends, who threatened vengeance upon the squad. Lieut. Asten, however, stood his ground firmly and held his prisoners until the Fourth Separate Company, which one of the guard had been sent to summon, came up on the " double," and with its aid the crowd was dispersed and the prisoners secured.* After the prisoners had been delivered to the police, Lieut. Asten and Serg. Conrow accompanied them to police headquarters to make certain that they were not released on the way. On arriving there, they were greatly surprised to find themselves detained by * Lieut. Asten received much praise for his gallant conduct upon this occasion, and was promoted to be First Lieutenant of C Company shortly afterwards. 562 ^tsforg of f?e ^iwenf^s^econb QRcgimenf the police authorities, under the charge of having been guilty of a civil offence in attacking and wounding the injured striker. Information of this action was at once communicated to Gen. Doyle, the brigade com- mander, who instantly transmitted orders to Col. Camp to release the soldiers from the custody of the police MAJOR HART. authorities, if it took all the military force there was at Buffalo to do so. Col. Camp at once* ordered Maj. Hart, with a detachment of 1 50 men, to effect a rescue. On his way to the police station Maj. Hart notified Maj. Bartlett that if he found the force under his com- mand insufficient he would call upon him for reenforce- JgtBforg of f^ ^wcnfgs^econb (Kegtmenf 563 ments, and Maj. Bartlett at once got his entire battalion in readiness to act. Upon reaching the station-house, Maj. Hart, however, found that the police authorities, after holding Lieut. Asten and Sergt. Conrow for two or three hours as prisoners, had released them, so that no necessity arose for his taking any action in the matter. While this incident was somewhat exceptional, the number of those of a similar description which occurred in different quarters during the strike was too numer- ous to recount. This occurrence created the utmost indignation among the other regiments. The previous conduct of the police had been such as to excite a strong feeling against them. This arrest of soldiers for doing their duty in maintaining order, by a force that was daily allowing those to go free who had been caught in the act of assaulting peaceable men, capped the climax. From this time they regarded all Buffalo policemen with the greatest aversion and disgust. This strike was no exception to the rule that all dis- turbances in which violence is used attract a horde of thieves and vagabonds, who mingle with the strikers in case of a strike, and are often the prime factors in all lawlessness which occurs. On one occasion a train of freight cars, coming into the city from the West, halted in front of one of the posts of Col. King's battalion, and the picket on dutv discovered that one of the cars had human occupants. The sergeant of the guard ordered them to come out. They proved to be five tramps, armed with leaden slung-shots and knives, who had made their way to Buffalo to engage in the depre- dations which they had heard were going on. Much 564 ^tBforg of fge ^wenfgs^econb (Regtmenf of the discredit which attaches to strikes like that of Buffalo arises from the acts of men like these. Notwithstanding the services which the Twenty- second Regiment rendered during this campaign, and the reputation which it earned, it did not escape the shafts of calumny. Yet the principal insinuation made against it was of such a nature that it is impossible for any credence to be given to it by anyone who is famihar with the regiment. It seems that one day the commis- sary of one of the New York regiments, who, like sev- eral other officers holding those positions, had not had any previous practical experience in his department, was sent to the brigade quartermaster's office in Buffalo for the purpose of procuring much-needed supplies for his regiment. Full rations for the entire organization were issued to him, for which he duly receipted. These were thereupon put in a wagon, and, to insure that there should be no mistake in their delivery, he took his seat beside the driver of the wagon and started for his regi- mental camp. The drive covered some six or seven miles. When the wagon arrived at the regimental camp it contained the regimental commissary and the driver, and substantially nothing else. What became of those rations was then, and has ever since been, a profound mystery. Yet, merely from the fact that the wagon passed through the portion of the lines which was garrisoned by Lieut.-Col. King's command, and that it was believed that the commissary descended from his post beside the driver in or about the region where Company E (Capt. Thurston) was posted, "to see a man," it was asserted by some malicious people that the rations which the wagon contained had been embezzled ^iaiox^ of i^t ^t»enfgs^econb (Regimenf 565 or otherwise misappropriated by the members of that battalion, and particularly by more or less men belong- ing to Company E. Nothing in the shape of proof, however, was ever brought forward. The charge there- fore rested solely upon the fact that the wagon stopped at this place, and that the members of Company E did not thereafter complain of not having sufficient to eat. No attention, consequently, was ever paid to it in offi- cial circles, and Capt. Thurston did not ask for an in- vestigation. But the wrath of the regiment to which the commissary belonged, on finding their wagon of sup- plies empty when they expected it contained rations for the day, can be better imagined than described. On Friday, August 26, it rained in torrents, and there is nothing like wet clothes to prevent riotous demonstrations. Those of the battalion not on guard kept within the shelter of their cars, recounting to their comrades their many experiences. In some cases these were believed to be more the product of imagination than memory. CHAPTER XLVIII. THE RETURN FROM BUFFALO. HP HE Strike was formally declared off at midnight -*- of August 24, and the waking camp was put in possession of the glad tidings early the following morning. The effect was instantaneous : there was a wild shout of jubilation, and the men, in their joy danced and capered around the camp like possessed beings. A crowd from Company A, which was always a musical company, marched around the camp of Maj. Bartlett's battalion singing: We're going home to-day, We're going home to-day. The strike is o'er, we'll fight no more; We're going home to-day. The joy was short-lived, for a few hours afterward occurred the disturbance which resulted in the killing of Broderick, and all hope of starting home that day was suddenly dissipated. The detachment from the Fourth Separate Com- pany was the first to break camp the following morn- ing, and they were given a hearty and boisterous God- speed by the men of the Twenty-second, in whom their straightforward and manly behavior and the soldierly 56b 567 ^ieior^ of f0e ttweni^'^ecmib QRegtmenf 569 energy with which they had discharged the duties assignt d to them, had created a warm feeling of esteem and affection. During the afternoon of the 26th the weather be- came very fickle. Occasional showers gave way to sudden bursts of sunshine. The switchmen began to return to work in large numbers. The battalion camps became astir with a rumor that they were about to move, and every man set at work polishing buttons, blacking up equipments, and making preparations. The work of strik- ;* ing and stowing the lii tents, etc., was rapidly performed. Each man was pro- vided with rations of crackers, hard- boiled eggs and can- teens filled with cold bouUion. At about noon the bat- talions of Col. King and Maj. Bartlett, with drums beat- ing, swung off with light hearts to join the remainder of the regiment at Tifft Farm, where they were received with great enthusiasm. Shortly after the arrival of these battalions, the Twenty-second boarded a special train, and Camp King and Tifft Farm became but mem- ories. Through the courtesy of the railroad company, the regiment was permitted to stop off several hours at Niagara Falls. This was a great treat to the men, many of whom had never seen the wonderful sights of the place. Upon the arrival of the train they were sent out in squads, each in charge of a non-commis- sioned officer, who was made responsible for the safe 570 ^ieioti^ of f^e ^wenfgs^econb QRegtmmf return of those under his supervision. The most at- tractive spot seemed to be the territory across the sus- pension bridge, and most of the men made an early expedition into Her Majesty's dominions. The trip homeward was tame compared with the journey in the other direction. The excitement inci- dent to the departure had ceased. The men had had but little sleep, and, for the most part, now that the strain was over, were heavy with a fatigue that enabled them to slumber without regard to obstacles. They slept in every variety of pose, the favorite method being to turn the backs of two seats so that they faced each other ; the upholstered seats were then taken out and laid lengthwise across the framework, and the backs of the chairs were tilted at an angle sufficient to allow the feet to protrude into the space between that particular chair and the one next to it. This allowed an oppor- tunity for the sleeper to stretch his legs somewhat, and while not comfortable, strictly speaking, it was a vast improvement over the accommodations had going up to Buffalo. But, as before stated, no obstacles stood in the way of the much-needed rest, and the man who was kicked out of the seat by his uncomfortable bed- fellows accepted his fate without murmur and slumbered peacefully on the floor until morning. The train bearing the regiment arrived at the Grand Central Station about 10.30 a. m. on Saturday, August 27. Notwithstanding their attempts to "police them- selves," a more bedraggled and unkempt set of soldiers has never been seen in New York than the members of the Twenty-second as they filed out of the depot. Not a man in the regiment had shaved in the ten days' I^tefotg of f0e ^t»enfg«^econ& (Tftegimenf 571 service. They were brown with tan and sunburn, and grimy with coal dust, which the ice-water in which they washed in the cars would not remove. The fatigue uni- forms, many of which had seen hard service in the armory and at camp for years previously, were torn and ragged. These were also soiled with oil, soot and coal dust. Their shoes were either worn out and tattered, or had been replaced by others of the brogan pattern. These, although rough and uncouth, were really much better adapted to the service to which they had been subjected than their predecessors had been. All sorts of camp utensils had been brought home as souvenirs, and were carried by the men as a part of their equipment. At the bottom of the haversacks dangled the tin cups; nearly every knap- sack was decorated with a tin plate. One man had brought away an axe, which he carried by thrusting the helve through his belt, and strapped on the back of another hung a large water pail. On being dismissed at the armory, with expressions of gratification and congratulation by the commanding officers, civilian dress was donned and the majority of the men hurried to their homes. A large number, how- ever, remained to partake of the generous breakfast that had been provided by the generosity of the late Col Elliott F. Shepard ; and the Buffalo campaign be- came a matter of history. It is safe to say that the programme followed by each man on his arrival home was, first, a bath, then a shave, and then — what matter if it was broad daylight ? — bed ! Several men have been heard to remark that not until it had been occupied at least twenty-four 572 Jgiefore of f^ ^wenfgs^cconJ) QRegimenf hours did the unaccustomed luxury of the latter item begin to pall upon them. Others assert that they could not rest comfortably in bed for some time. And now, when the Buffalo riots are forgotten, save when two veterans of the service get together to talk over old times, it only remains to be recorded that there is not a man in the Twenty-second who went through that campaign, with all its hardships, rough fare, and other disagreeable features, who would not gladly go through the same experience again should occasion demand it. CHAPTER XLIX. THE BROOKLYN TROLLEY WAR. T^ ARLY in the week, commencing January 14, -*-^ 1895. a dispute arose between the labor organi- zations controlling the motormen, conductors and other employees of the trolley system of surface rail- roads in Brooklyn, and the companies which operated those railroads, in regard to the claim of the former for higher wages, fewer hours, or both. A little tact and generosity on the part of the railroad companies, ap- parently, would have avoided all trouble. But they would make no concessions (although the claims of the men were not considered by the public to be unreason- able), and a strike was ordered. A strike is not likely to prove successful in securing the demands of the outgoing employees, if the condi- tion of the labor market is such that their places can be filled within a short period. When new men offer themselves, unless the strikers are able by peaceful means to induce those who accept employment in their places to abandon it, the strike must fail, unless the new men can be prevented by force from working. Peaceful measures were at first adopted by the Brook- lyn motormen. They contented themselves by aban- 573 574 ^iaiot^ of i^t ^<»tnfe«^econb (Hegimenf doning their employment in a body, in tiie hope that this would so seriously cripple the operations of the railroads that the companies would be obliged to accede to their demands. But the times were hard. Labor was largely unemployed all over the country, and many applicants eagerly sought for the positions thrown up by the strikers, and refused to listen to the solicitations of the latter that they should give them up. As it became apparent that the railroads would succeed in filling the vacancies caused by their quitting work, the '' old men " saw that their struggle was lost if they continued to depend solely on peaceable measures, and turned toward violence. The " hoodlum " element, ever present in great cities, and ready to welcome dis- orders in which they may gain something, if only amusement, and can lose nothing, made haste to join in the disturbances. Soon obstructions appeared ^n the tracks, cars were stopped and overturned, trolley wires were cut, and "scabs" (the term of contempt applied by the strikers to the men assuming their positions) were assaulted and forced from their cars. The leaders of the strike of course disavowed all this unlawful turbulence, but nevertheless the violence continued, and with a singular conformity to the plans of the strike leaders. The Brooklyn police depart- ment failed to cope with the situation. It was claimed that its numbers were insufficient in numbers, and that the officers and men were largely in sympathy with the strikers. This sympathy was also felt by the general public, who considered the corporations unjust and avaricious in their dealings with the men, although the violence that ensued very rapidly alienated this j^teforg of f3e ^wcnfgs^econb (gcgimenf 575 sympathy from the strikers. The main difficulty with the police was poor management. The authorities of the city were weak and timid. Instead of proclaiming their purpose to maintain order and remove every member of the police who failed to do his duty, they held the latter back, and tried to be friends to both sides at the very time when a firm course was indis- pensable to prevent an outbreak. The disturbances consequently became serious. The railroad companies, being unable to run their cars, formally called upon the city authorities for protection. These then went to the other extreme, and instead of using the police vig- orously, applied to Gen. James McLeer, commanding the Second Brigade, N. G. N. Y., for a military force, a step which at that time might have been avoided. Gen. McLeer promptly responded, and on Friday, Jan- uary 18, called out his entire brigade, and distributed it so as to guard the affected territory as well as its num- bers would permit. But it was soon evident that neither the police nor the Second Brigade was sufficient to maintain order and, protect 200 miles of tracks and 60,000 miles of trolley wire. Mayor Schieren therefore called on Gov. Morton for an additional military force. At 6 o'clock p, M. on Sunday, January 20, a cold winter evening. Gen. Louis Fitzgerald received orders from the commander-in-chief to assemble the regi- ments of the First Brigade in their respective armories and hold them in readiness to march to Brooklyn, fully uniformed, armed and equipped. He at once issued orders to the different commanding officers, using the telephone, telegraph and the members of his staff, as fast as the latter could be assembled. 576 gisforg of i^ ^wenfgs^econb (Regtmenf Lieut.-Col. William V. King (temporarily com- manding the Twenty-second Regiment in place of Col. John T. Camp, who was sick in bed at the time) re- ceived his orders from brigade headquarters early in the evening and immediately repaired to the armory. Of course, rumors of the intended movement soon be- gan to circulate through the city, announcements even being made from the pulpits of churches, platforms of concert halls and other places of pubhc resort which were open at the time, and presently officers and men began to present themselves at the armory. As fast as the men arrived they were sent out by the officers pres- ent to notify the other members of the command to report for duty. All night long enlisted men and officers who had just received the orders sent them were reporting, so that little sleep was had by anyone in the armory. The weather was most inclement, and the duty for which the regiment was summoned highly distasteful and disagreeable. From the fact that the call came upon Sunday, a further hardship was imposed, inasmuch as none of those who were so suddenly sum- moned were able to make arrangements in regard to their business affairs. Nevertheless, the members of the Twenty-second, almost without exception, left their comfortable homes instantly and cheerfully at the call. The value of the experience obtained at Buffalo was apparent upon this occasion. The men brought with them the necessary clothing and toilet appliances. There was also issued to each one at the armory the "army mess kit," consisting of meat-can, plate, cup, knife, fork and spoon. They also received for the first time the " Merriam pack." This was found to be a J^isforg of i^ ^t»enfg«^econb (Kegtmenf 577 great improvement on the old-fashioned knapsack. It was more easily carried and enabled the men to move their arms freely, to breath without difficulty and to open their coats, if necessary. Each man also received a warm woolen blanket and a rubber poncho to protect him against rain. A marked improvement was also manifested in the quartermaster and commissary de partments. As soon as he received his orders, Com- missary Joseph M. Smith organized his assistants and provided such suppHes as could be procured upon such short notice. When the reveille sounded at half-past three on Monday morning he had ready a supply of hot beef tea, coffee and bread, which was promptly served to the members of the different companies. The regiment left its armory punctually at 5 o'clock in the morning of Monday, January 21. It boarded the elevated railroad cars at Columbus Avenue and Sixty- sixth Street and disembarked at the Park Place station. Marching thence through the snow across the City Hall Park, it proceeded to Brooklyn by way of the East River Bridge, the first companies of the Seventh passing through the bridge entrance as the last of the Twenty-second men were entering the bridge cars. On reaching Brooklyn the Twenty-second took the cars of the Kings County Elevated to Franklin Avenue, and thence marched to the corner of Atlantic and Bed- ford Avenues, the place at which they were ordered to report. The armory of the Twenty-third regiment is situated at this point. All but one of the companies of thatregiment were on duty at various other points in the city, and the armory was occupied only by the field and staff and. some recruits. Conspicuous among these lat- 578 ^iBforg of f6e ^tBenfgs^econb (Resimenf ter were some members of the Cadet Corps of the regiment, who rendered valuable service as orderlies, and who were the envy of all the boys in the neighbor- hood. On arriving at this point, Lieut.-Col. King obtained the use of the Twenty-third Regiment's telephone, and reported through it to brigade headquarters the ar- rival of the regiment and asked for further orders. In the meantime the regiment stood outside in the snow. The orders received were that the regiment should protect the territory lying between Bedford Avenue on the east, Atlantic Avenue on the north, Vanderbilt Avenue on the east and Butler Street on the south. This was intersected by the Bergen Street line of trolley cars, which runs through the entire length of Bergen Street ; the Vanderbilt line, which runs through Vanderbilt Avenue, and the Butler Street line, which runs through Washington Street and thence through Butler to a point east of Bedford Avenue. The territory east of that occupied by the Twenty- second was guarded by the Seventy-first, and that west of Vanderbilt by the Twelfth. Immediately upon re- ceiving these orders, Lieut.-Col. King went over the territory he was required to guard, and decided that one- half of the regiment would be sufficient to be upon duty at one time. He thereupon divided the regiment into two battalions of five companies each. The First Battalion was commanded by Maj. Frank- lin Bartlett, with Lieut. Harry H. Treadwell as adjutant, and consisted of the following : Company B — Captain, William J. Maidhoff ; Lieu- tenants, Clement F. Kross and Fred L. Ringir. STREET SCENES IN BROOKLYN. T>y permission I^she's IVeekly. 579 Copyright, 1805, Arkell Pub. Co. ^iBforg of fge ^wenfgs^econb QRegimenf 581 Company C — Captain, Malcolm C. Murra\'; Lieu- tenants, Charles E. Asten and Charles Harrison. Company F — Captain, William B. Smith ; Lieu- tenants, Walter S. Bennett and David Lovvenbein. Company G — Captain, George F. Demarest ; Lieu- tenants, Edwin W. Dayton and Giles Rae. Company H — Captain, Clifford C. Cassidy; Lieu- tenants, Geo. W. McClintock and Frank Ishervvood. These were promptly posted over the territory named in orders. The Second Battalion, commanded by Maj. George E. B. Hart, with Lieut. Robert J. Daly as adjutant, was made up as follows : Company A — Captain, James P. Kenworthy; Lieu- tenants, Chas. H. Stoddard and Daniel T. Murphy. Company D — Captain, William H. Cortelyou ; Lieu- tenants, James A. Bell and F- M. Anderson. Company E — Captain, N. B. Thurston ; Lieutenants, W. B. Hotchkiss and M. M. Miles. Company I — Captain, Homer Bostwick ; Lieu- tenants, William H. Carter and Frank L Stott. Company K — Captain, J. Nelson Borland ; Lieu- tenants, Robert K. Meneely and Charles F. Abott. The executive duties were attended to by Col. John T. Camp (who, although ill, joined the regiment at 10 A. M. on Monday and commanded it during the cam- paign), Lieut.-Col. William V. King, Maj. Franklin Bartlett, Maj. George E. B. Hart, assisted by Adjt. Stephen F. Hart, Adjt. Harry H. Treadwell, Adjt. Robert J. Daly, Quartermaster William F. Carey, Com- missary Joseph M. Smith, Surgeon Bennett S. Beach, Assistant Surgeon George A. Tuttle, Assistant Surgeon 582 f)iBtot^ of fge ^wwfgs^econl) (Rcgimmf Harry E. Stafford, Chaplain Wm. N. Dunnell, S. T. D. ; Inspector of Rifle Practice M. E. Burnton, Capt. Joseph P. Jardine (attached), and the following members of the non-commissioned staff: Sergeant- Major Robert G. Butler, Sergeant-Major Samuel M. Phillips, Quarter- master Sergeant F- D. Britton, Commissary Sergeant Edward J. Rice, Ordnance Sergeant Harry K. Zust, Hospital Steward G. B. Benedict, Drum Major Geo. W. Brown, Color-Bearer W. L. Borstleman and Color- Bearer Albert Wilkinson. The following was the strength of the Twenty- second during this campaign : * Field and staff, 15; non-commissioned staff, 8; Com- pany A, 36; Company B, 51; Company C, 62; Com- pany D, 58; Company E, 102 ; Company F, 76 ; Com- pany G, 50 ; Company H, 50; Company 1, 44; Company K, 66. Total present, 595. The orders from brigade headquarters were quite explicit as to the territory to be guarded by the regi- ment, but were singularly indefinite as to detailed ar- rangements and requirements. These were, doubtless, left very largely to the discretion of commanding officers of regiments. After Maj. Bartlett's battalion had been posted brigade headquarters was notified by Lieut.-Col. King that its orders were complied with and the area to be guarded was fully controlled and pro- tected. He then inquired where the regimental head- quarters should be established and the Second Battalion of the regiment should be housed until the time when it should relieve the First Battalion. The answer was, * The names of all who served are printed in the appendix at page 670 post. J^iBfotg of f^ ^iwenfgs^econi QResimenf 583 " Anywhere within the territory guarded ! " The " ter- ritoiy guarded by the regiment" was almost wholly built up with tenement houses and small frame struc- tures, all of which were fully peopled with tenants. It contained no building sufficiently large to afford shelter for the 350 officers and men composing the Second Battalion of the Twenty-second, which, meanwhile, was standing in the street. Lieut.-Col. King at once deter- mined to request permission to use the Twenty-third Regiment Armory as a place of shelter for his men. This was ample in space, and, although located a short distance outside of the lines guarded, it was, by all means, the most suitable place for such purpose. Lieut.-Col. King at once called upon Col. Smith, the commander of the Twenty-third, and stated the con- dition the command was in and the needless exposure to which his men would be subjected unless suitable quarters could be immediately found. Col. Smith not only very promptly, but very cordially granted permis- sion to the regiment to use the lower half of the large drill-room of the armory of the Twenty-third for the use of the men, and he also very kindly placed at the disposal of the officers of the Twenty-second a large room overlooking the drill-floor. This kindness was greatly appreciated, and the regiment has at all times since been sincerely thankful to Col. Smith and his brother officers for their hospitality. As soon as these arrangements had been completed the Second Battalion entered the armory, where its mem- bers proceeded to make themselves comfortable, warm- ing themselves and drying their wet garments upon the steam-pipes. When this was done they spread their 584 %isiot^ of f0e ^wenfgs^ecortb (Rcc^mmi blankets and packs along the sides of the large drill room and prepared for a long bivouac on the hard fioor. The streets through which the regiment had marched were covered with slush, and it was bitterly cold. The men had reported in haste and with no idea of where they were going. Few of them had rubbers or warm gloves, and they were thoroughly chilled by their long waiting in the street. The spacious and warm armory was therefore an extremely pleasant shelter. The manner in which the First Brigade was mobilised and moved to the point of danger reflected great credit upon Gen. Fitzgerald and his staff. It also showed a high standard of discipline in the different regiments. As above stated, the orders were only received by the brigade commander at 6 o'clock on the night of Sun- day, January 20. At 6 o'clock on the morning of Jan- uary 21, before the public or the strikers knew what was intended, the Twenty-second was guarding the territory before mentioned ; the Seventh Regiment was at East New York ; the cavalry troop was at Fulton Street and Tompkins Avenue ; the Twelfth Regiment was at Sumner and Jefferson Avenues ; the Seventy- first Regiment was at Bergen Street, Albany and Troy Avenues, and the Sixty-ninth Battalion was at the re- pair shops in Myrtle Avenue. The Brooklyn regi- ments had already been stationed at the other strategic points, so that the whole city was covered, from Gow- anus Bay on the south to Maspeth on the north, and from Myrtle Avenue on the west to East New York on the east, by a strong military force. The sight that Bergen Street, west of Franklin Avenue, presented when Maj. Bartlett's battalion de- %iBtot^ of fge ^toenfg^^econb Qftegimenf 585 ployed along it will never be forgotten by those who witnessed it. The large Budweiser Brewery is situ- ated in Bergen Street, near Franklin Avenue, and it had a large quantity of massive trucks. These had been dragged out, upset and placed upon the car-tracks. They were supplemented by pyramids of lager beer kegs, all the ash-barrels in the neighborhood and a quantity of large boulders from the vacant lots. As far as the eye could see, the street was covered with these obstructions. Bergen Street, between Franklin and Vanderbilt Avenues, is a tenement-house district, and many of the strikers lived there. The cars which had been run through it had been stoned and handled so roughly that only a vestige of glass remained in their window-frames, and even their wooden sides were smashed in. The ground was particularly favorable for this method of warfare, as it contained many vacant lots, which were above the grade and covered with stones, affording a vantage-spot from which to throw such missiles as well as the missiles themselves. These grounds, it may be remarked, are historic as the position of the encampment of the British troops after the battle of Long Island. It was expected by the Twenty-second that the duty they would have to perform in this scene of disturbance was to be serious work in an unfriendly country. The orders were strict and were enforced. Not more than five people were permitted to collect together, and everybody was required to keep moving and to keep on the sidewalks. A majority of the residents, however, unlike most of those who lived in the corresponding districts at Buffalo, were extremely friendly. They 586 5*s^<"^B of ^5* $<»enfB'^econ& (Rejiimem brought out. hot coffee to the soldiers and food, when they found they had had no breakfast. This continued throughout the stay of the regiment. In fact, during its tour of service there was no place on Bergen Street where a member of the Twenty-second could not pro- cure a cup of coffee at any time by rapping on the win- dow of any of the houses. There were a good many of the strikers " hanging around," but they were orderly and obedient. The men of the Twenty-second, while making it clearly apparent that they were in Brooklyn " for business " and would not permit any interference or disorder, were as gentle as possible with the people with whom they came in contact, and in return were re- ceived in a friendly spirit. When loiterers were told that they must move on, they did so without discussion. Dur- ing the entire eight days that the campaign lasted not a gun was fired or even loaded by a member of the regi- ment. Col. Camp was of the opinion " that the men could load fast enough if it was required," and that it was best for them to wait until such necessity arose. The guards stationed along the streets built little picket-fires wherever they could obtain wood, to help them en- dure the bitter cold. This was continued during the time that they were on duty. The regiment had hardly arrived when they were surrounded by a crowd of peddlers offering rubbers and thick gloves for sale. These were very acceptable and were greatly needed by many. In Brooklyn, as upon all other occasions when the regiment has served, the foot gear of the men was their weakest point. At 10 o'clock A. M. the First Battalion was relieved by the Second Battalion. The latter was, in its turn, %isiot^^ of f0e ^t»enfg*^econb (Regtmenf 587 relieved by the First at i o'clock p. M.,the Second going out again at 4 o'clock p. m. This continued until 7 p. M., the battalions relieving each other at intervals of three hours each. No attempt was made to operate cars after 7 o'clock, and no guards were required after that hour. On the afternoon of the day on which the regiment had garrisoned Bergen Street, a trolley car carrying a working party came up the street, and the laborers com- prising the force set at work to remove the trucks, barrels and other obstacles with which the tracks were covered. This car looked as if it might have participated in "Sherman's March to the Sea." Every particle of glass, and even its shutters, were smashed, and the sides of the car were indented as if it had been a Chinese ironclad returning from an interview with the Japanese fleet. Each man of the working gang was protected by a policeman. It was noticed with some curiosity and surprise by the Twenty-second, that the men who had taken the places of the strikers as conductors, brakemen and laborers were largely Jewish cloak- makers, although they were themselves at that time en- gaged in a bitter strike against their own employers in New York. The strikers and people in Bergen Street made no resistance to the working party beyond scowls and a few hard names. This was undoubtedly owing to the fact that the centre of the disturbance was else- where, and more particularly because no large crowds were permitted to assemble, which was not the case in other parts of the city. Those who have studied the operations of mobs cannot help being convinced that there is a great psychological influence resulting from 588 ^tBforg of f0e ^wenfgs^econb (Regtmenf the mere assemblage of a large body of men which leads, at one time, to outbreaks of brutal violence, and again to unreasoning panic. Peaceable, law-abiding men who alone, or even in parties of three or four, would not be guilty of any violence or cruelty, when collected in large crowds become easily worked up to fever heat by some subtle influence of mind upon mind, and fall into a condition which leads them to follow the most insane suggestions, and to act without regard to reason or responsibility. At one time they will attack and beat a single man without any adequate reason; at another they will destroy buildings and property without cause, or perhaps be guilty of the most fearful cruelty. Again, they will run like sheep at a single shot, and often at a baseless rumor. The conduct of a crowd under such circumstances bears more resemblance to a stampede of frightened cattle upon a prairie than to the actions of intelligent beings. It is, perhaps, for this reason that experience has proved it to be a mistake in case of a disturbance to move the object of attack in a hollow square of troops, whether such object be an Orangemen's procession or a trolley car. Such a column forms a central point around which crowds assemble, the boys and hoodlums, who form part of the crowd, shout, yell and throw stones, and, under the excitement which the crowd it- self creates and increases, a large number of people who would not otherwise participate in a disturbance, become active rioters. As an example, it was stated that upon one occasion in Brooklyn a woman who was standing on the sidewalk while a car went through the street, and who had no particular interest in the j^tsforg of i^t ^wenfgs^econb (Kegimenf 589 matter beyond one of general sympathy with the strikers, was surprised and ashamed to discover that she had taken a stone and thrown it at the car under some impulse that she was unable to account for, but which she could not control. The proper way, therefore, in case of riots like those which occurred in Brooklyn, is to send a force of troops through the street in which it is.desired to operate cars, and to remove everybody, placing strong guards at the cross streets, and requiring all windows to be closed. The cars can then be operated without any difficulty or bloodshed. Where excited crowds have been permitted to con- gregate in a street, an attempt to run cars through it is certain to be followed by stone throwing, which, unless put down with a stern hand at the outset, continues to increase until the disturbance reaches such a point that it culminates in bloodshed and death. As above stated, the Twenty-second were very for- tunate in having a comfortable shelter. But the armory of the Twenty-third was not completed. Its cooking- ranges had not been put in, and the facilities it con- tained for preparing food for a large number of men were utterly inadequate. The Twenty-third, when called out, had improvised arrangements to utilize the armory steam-supply to warm the coffee and cook the food which they sent out to their different detachments. But this was inadequate, even for their own use, and when called upon to prepare food for the 600 additional men of the Twenty-second, it failed utterly. The members of the Twenty-second were also obliged to use the same cups for their coffee that they had for 5 go %iBiot)i of i^e ^wenfgs^econb QRegimenf their soup, and that without an opportunity of washing them, which did not add to the flavor of either. The lav- atory arrangements of the armory were utterly insuffi- cient. It would seem strange that those who designed such a magnificent building should have neglected such important matters, which would so greatly affect the comfort and health of the regiment whenever it was obliged to occupy it for a continued period. The men of the Twenty-second unthinkingly, but naturally, washed their dishes in the basins,the result being that they were soon stopped up with grease, and, until the services of a plumber could be had, they were useless. This left but two sinks in which not only to clean the dishes, but also for the washing purposes of the entire regiment. At first there were neither soap nor towels, but these were obtained as soon as possible by the quarter- master. The company rooths of the Twenty-third were fitted up like luxurious parlors, and were not in any way suited to be occupied by men who had been for hours tramp- ing through slush and mud. The men of the Twenty- second, therefore, slept upon the floor of the drill-room. This was comfortable enough in the daytime, but during the night, when the engineer banked his fires and the ■ steam got low, the room became very cold. The regimental headquarters were established in the large unfurnished room intended for the library of the Board of Officers of the Twenty-third, and in this room all the commissioned officers slept — the first one or two nights on the floor, later on cots, to which mat- tresses were added on the fourth night, and thus com- parative luxury was secured. ^^tBforg of i^ $<»enf8»#econb (Regtmenf 591 The Union League Club of Brooklyn, whose hand- some club-house is situated on the corner of Dean Street and Bedford Avenue, within one block of the Twenty-third Regiment Armory, treated the officers of the Twenty-second with the greatest hospitality. They placed the entire club- house at their disposal, and permitted them all the priv- ileges of members. During the stay of the regiment the officers got almost all of their meals at this club-house. They felt themselves under great ob- ligations for the treatment they had received, and shortly after their return presented to the Club a bronze Russian bear as a token of their gratitude.* * This bronze was imported by Tiffany & Co. It was modeled by the noted Prof. Liebrich of the Russian Academy of Arts at St. Petersburg. The Liebrich bear is as famous as the Barye lion ; each represents the highest art in modeling. A magnificent and massive block of Labrador spar, in its rugged state, as it was quarried near KiefE, forms a base for the bronze. Upon the front of the stone is a plate bearing the following inscription ; Presented to the Union League Club of Brooklyn By the Twenty-second Regiment, N. G. N. y. in acknowledgment of the courtesies extendedto the regiment during the trolley strike of January, 1895. The following is the correspondence between the regiment and the Union League Club in regard to this presentation : 592 %ieiot^ of f^ ^wenfgs^econb (Hegtmeni The Twenty-second not only had no cause for com- plaint, but was rather to be congratulated upon the comfortable manner in which it was housed. Compared with the experiences of some of the other regiments, and particularly with that of the companies of the Twenty-third itself, who were on duty in the southern part of the city, its accommodations were palatial. This its members did not fully appreciate until after settle- ment of the strike. .^^Up to this time all the campaigning, not only of the Twenty-second, but of the entire National Guard, had THE TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT, N. G. N. Y. New York, N. Y., March 23, 1895. To the Union League Club of Brooklyn : Gentlemen : — The officers of this regiment desire you to accept the ac- companying testimonial in bronze, in remembrance of the many courtesies received at your hands during the trolley strike in your city last January. Military duty always involves deprivation of the ordinary comforts and conveniences of life, and the campaign in Brooklyn was no exception to the rule. But whatever hardships we endured were greatly mitigated by the kind and courteous attentions we received from you. And, assuring you that they will ever be held in grateful remembrance by the Twenty-second Regiment, we remain. Very truly yours, JOSEPH P. JARDINE, Captain and Secretary Board of Officers. UNION LEAGUE CLUB. Brooklyn, N. Y., March 24, 1895. To the Officers of the Twenty-second Regiment, N. G. N. V. . Gentlemen : — On behalf of the Union League Club of Brooklyn, I de- sire to acknowledge the receipt of your beautiful gift, and in its name to express to you the thanks o£ the Club therefor. At the next meeting of the Board of Governors it will be called to their attention, and suitable resolutions will be moved and sent you. As this Club stands for order and the conservation of everything that protects home, society and the country at large, it owes you more than thanks for your gift. It owes you a debt of gratitude for the part you %iBfor^ of f^e ^tntni^'^tcorib (Regtmenf 593 been done in the summer time. While they were familiar with rain, mud, hard accommodations and short rations, yet they had never had any previous experience of service in cold weather. The general opinion is that they do not desire any more of it. They accommodated themselves, however, to the situation without complaint, and with that adaptability which is an American charac- teristic. It was a strange sight to the residents of the peaceful City of Churches to see long lines of picket fires stretched along the prominent streets, each sur- rounded by a small group of blue-overcoated soldiers, took, and the personal sacrifice you made in behalf of this city and the commonwealth to restore order and bring lawlessness to an end. Yours very respectfully, HERBERT S. OGDEN, Secretary. UNION LEAGUE CLUB. Brooklyn, April 29, 1895. To the Officers of the Twenty-second Regiment^ N. G. N. V. : The Union League Club of Brooklyn desires to extend to you the thanks of the Club for your friendly gift of the bronze bear. We shall cherish it as a work of art which will appropriately adorn our club-house, as an expression of your good will toward us, as an indication of your sensi- tive and over generous appreciation of the little which we were enabled to do for your comfort, and as a souvenir of our pleasant relations during the service of your regiment in maintaining law and order in our good city of Brooklyn. We are of those who believe in the usefulness and efficiency of our National Guard, and who appreciate the debt of gratitude which the com- munity owes to our citizen-soldiers. This debt has been increased by the protection and safety afforded us by your presence in Brooklyn during the late disorders, and we as an organization representing a large number of citizens of Brooklyn feel that we are indebted to you and not you to us. We send you this inadequate acknowledgment of your generous thought- fulness by direction of our Board of Governors, and by the authority of the Club at large. Yours very sincerely, STEWART L. WOODFORD, Herdekt S. Ogden, Secretary. President. 594 15«ferg of f^e ^wentes^econb (Regimenf and having tin pots, containing coffee or soup, warming over them, the effect being as of a city besieged — which, in fact, was not far from being the case. The other regiments of the two brigades were scat- tered all over Brooklyn, sleeping in the power-houses, car-sheds and other buildings which were liable to at- tack, and patroling the streets through which the vari- ous trolley lines were operated. The places in which they were stationed were absolutely unsuited for the accommodation of troops. In addition, they were cold and often wet. They were also destitute of facilities by which the men could cook their rations, and an attempt to carry cooked rations to them was here, as in Buffalo, an utter failure. The Buffalo experiences, however, had not been forgotten. The regiments, particularly those from New York, purchased their own rations and had them cooked upon the grates which they had brought. Every company had more or less of men in it who were accustomed to camp life and knew how to cook, and the men fared well — in fact, better than the Twenty- second, who, while they were under cover, yet had very limited cooking facilities. The campaign lasted eight days — from Sunday night, January 20, to Monday night, January 28 — and was com- paratively uneventful. There was a good deal of trouble in other parts of Brooklyn, but it seemed as if the strikers recognized that any attempt to disturb the peace in the territory covered by the Twenty-second would be unprofitable. At all events, they did not attempt it. At a number of different times during the strike squads from the Twenty-second were sent to different parts of the city as a guard to the patrol wagons, which were used to repair the trolley wires when they were damaged by the strikers. This brought an element of excitement into the service which was very welcome, for the duty on Bergen Street, after a few days, became so uneventful as to become extremely monotonous. These patrol wagons went to all parts of the city, even as far as Maspeth. They were not, however, inter- fered with at any time, at least while they were guarded by the Twenty-second. The strikers and people upon the sidewalks scowled at the workmen, and saluted them and their escort with cries of " scabs," " tin soldiers," and similar epithets, to which the soldiers paid no attention. No other opposition was experi- enced. Shortly after the arrival of the New York regi- ments, a number of prominent gentlemen in Brook- lyn who were interested in the National Guard formed a Citizens' Committee, of which Gen. John B. Wood- ward (formerly adjutant-general) was chairman, and raised a fund with which they presented each soldier with a pipe and a bag of tobacco, and also sent to the different headquarters cases of arctic overshoes and thick gloves, which were given to all those who lacked these very necessary ai^ticles for a winter campaign. The almost universal use of these arctics or rubbers gave a mysterious effect to the movements of the columns of troops which were constantly marching in different directions. Custom has associated a heavy military tramp with the movements of a body of sol- diers, so that it is hard to disconnect the two. When, therefore, one would see in the streets of Brooklyn a column of troops approaching in the dusky light of 596 W)iBiot^ of fge ^wenfgs^econb QRegtmenf the early morning or evening, appearing dimly through a fall of snow and moving without the least noise, the effect was as if they were ghosts instead of simply National Guardsmen with arctics. It might naturally be supposed that the railroad cor- porations would have welcomed the citizen-soldiers who had left their homes to protect their property, and would have done everything in their power to make their service agreeable and pleasant. This was the case with the New York Central and the other railroads at Buffalo, and it was naturally expected that it would be repeated by the trolley roads in Brooklyn. To the great surprise of the National Guard regiments, how- ever, the treatment they received from the railroads was, as a rule, hostile and ungracious. It is more than probable that this ill-treatment sprang from the wounded self-importance of the subordinates in charge of the various car stables and car houses, who, " clothed in a little brief authority," thought their prerogatives inter- fered with by the commanders of the National Guard organizations who were stationed there. It is certain that when a complaint was made to the general officers of the railroad, the matter complained of was rectified at once. But from whatever reason it occurred, the fact is, nevertheless, that while the workmen and en- gineers were very obliging in some places, no attention whatever was usually paid by the foremen and starters to the needs or comfort of the troops who were quar- tered at their stations. In some cases coal was not furnished, and the only fires which heated the buildings where the troops slept were permitted to die down. In one instance they would have gone out entirely had it 597 WfiBiot^ of f3e ^t»enf8»^econb QRegtmenf 599 not been for the threat of one of the officers com- manding a detachment that if coal was not furnished he would use the cars for fire-wood. It is unnecessary to say that the coal soon arrived. In many cases where the troops slept in the cars, the subordinates in control seemed to take pleasure in shifting them around, and in other ways, too numerous to mention, making the service as disagreeable as possible to both the officers and men. In the evenings, after the day's work, was done and supper disposed of, the men of the Twenty-second lighted their pipes and sat around on the floor of the drill-room in groups, telling stories, narrating the day's adventures, and comparing notes on the Buffalo cam- paign, as contrasted with the present one. Perhaps a variety show would be improvised, with a piano bor- rowed from one of the company's rooms of the Twenty-third Regiment. Surprising talent was de- veloped in the way of speeches, songs and recitations. Games of poker, whist and the like were an unfailing source of amusement. On the Sunday preceding the end of the campaign, the chaplain, the Rev. Dr. Dunnell, rector of All Saints Church, New York, held service in the large drill-room of the armory. Private Edward D. Jardine, of Company G, officiated as organist, and there were plenty of good voices to make up a fine choir. A special service, adapted by the chaplain to the occasion, was held. Cards of the service were distributed, and the responses were hearty and dev^out. The behavior of the military congregation was exemplary, and the discourse of the chaplain was appropriate, eloquent and powerful. 6oo ^iBiofi^ of f^e ^wenigs^ecortb QRegimenf One night there was ari alarm of fire in the room where the commissioned officers slept. Capt. "Billy" Smith added to the many amiable characteristics which have made him popular among his brother officers a most sonorous and blood-curdling snore. On this occasion he was in fine voice, and produced a suc- cessful imitation of a steam siren. He had finally ex- hausted the patience and disturbed the repose of his brother officers to such an extent that in self-defence they had quietly picked up his cot and deposited it in the corridor without awaking its occupant. Capt. Jardine, who had assisted the "firing party," thereupon finished his pipe and retired to slumber, with the rest of his brother officers. Previous to "turning in" he emptied his pipe into a cuspidore which was under his cot. This happened to be full of cigarette boxes, and the red-hot ashes from the pipe caused them to smoulder. Soon the smoke became so dense as to wake up all the officers, who at once sprang from their cots under the impression that the armory had been fired by the strikers. The delinquent was sternly ques- tioned by the indignant and half-suffocated surgeon as to why he had not perceived what he had done. He mildly pleaded that he was a little hard of hearing. " Hard of hearing ?" exclaimed the irate doctor. " Great Scott, man, where was your nose?" The turmoil awoke Capt. Smith, who immediately jumped out of bed and attempted to find his uniform and accoutrements. As he had gone to sleep in a room surrounded by cots, and with his clothes and sword within easy reach, he was, not unnaturally, para- lyzed when he suddenly awakened to find himself alone ^isfote of f6e ^wenfgs^econi Qftegtmenf 60 1 in a strange place and with everything missing, and it was some time before he was able to ascertain whether he was himself or some other person. He was per- mitted by his brother officers to restore his cot to its former position, upon his solemnly pledging himself to desist from further snoring. On Wednesday and Thursday a detachment of 200 men was sent to Myrtle Avenue to assist in the open- ing up and running of the cars upon that street. The rest of the regiment, although reduced by this detail, patrolled the same extent of streets that it had done previously. On Friday, Saturday, Sunday and Mon- day peace was restored throughout the city to such an extent that the Twenty-second was held in the armory, it being considered wise by the brigade authorities to exhibit no more soldiers in the streets than was actually necessary to preserve the peace. On Friday each bat- talion was, by order of Col. Camp, marched out of the ar- mory and given a thorough drill in street riot tactics, upon the broad asphalt pavement of Bedford Avenue, equally for exercise, occupation and warning to the lawless. On Saturday Company G of the First Battalion was sent on a " driving trip" in patrol wagons, to guard the linemen who were repairing the trolley wires in the northern part of Brooklyn, and the two battalions went out in the afternoon for drill. On Monday Company G was again sent out to guard the linemen repairing the trolley wires, while the Second Battalion was drilled in the morning and the First in the afternoon. The ordering of the men out of the armory was a wise proceeding. As heretofore stated,* the experi- •See chapter XXXII., page 340 ante. 6o2 ^teforg of f^e ^ttenfgs^econb QRegimenf ence of the Twenty-second upon many occasions has demonstrated that nothing is more demoralizing to a military organization than to have the men kept idle and shut up in a building. During the stay of the regiment in Brooklyn the armory of the Twenty-third was literally besieged with the friends and relatives of the members of the Twenty-second. It was impracticable, for military rea- sons, to admit any considerable number of visitors in- side of the armory, and as exceptions could not be made without creating invidious distinctions, the rule was enforced that no admission should be given except in the most urgent cases. The main entrance to the armory was closed by an iron portcullis, at virhich guards were stationed, and when anyone called to see a Twenty-second man, word was sent in to him and he interviewed his visitor through the iron grating. The general effect was that of a call upon a jailed prisoner, except that a jail would have been warm, while the entrance to the armory was bleak and freezing. Nat- urally, the crowd was of a very variegated description. It included, besides the friends and relatives of the mem- bers, many who were merely attracted by curiosity, and who exhausted every expedient to obtain admission into the armory, those being frequently the most urgent who had the least claim. Many different expedients were invented by the men of the Twenty-second to pass away the time dur- ing the last few days, when their duty became light. A mock trial was a great success ; a mock battalion drill was even greater. The commander of this battalion drill was mounted upon the shoulders of a private b ■ o ^ S o » G £2 ^ % o en a = n»W a-o • KS-Sa n • ^ 603 %iBiox^ of i^ ^iwenfgs^econb QRegimenf 605 soldier, and rode with great dignity. It was necessary, however, for him to change his mount four times dur- ing the drill. About 4 o'clock on Monday afternoon the sec- ond senior captain of the Twenty-second appeared in the gallery overlooking the drill-room and waved his hand. Some one started a cry, "Something's the mat- ter," which was a slang expression then in vogue, and which was based upon a call of a recruit of the Twenty- third to his corporal of the guard. Before the cry could be taken up, as was the custom, another man saw the motion and understood it. " We're going home," he yelled, and from all the lookers-on of the Second Bat- talion came the cry: ' ' We're going home, We're going home, We're going home to-day." The major of the First Battahon verified the rumor and dismissed his command at once. The armory was immediately put into a condition of cleanliness equal to what it presented previous to the regiment's ten-day encampment on its floors, the men put their equip- ments and their Merriam packs in order, the quarter- master's department packed and placed in wagons all the regimental and movable property, and in a very brief period the regiment was ready to march. As the party sent to guard the repair wagons was still absent, permission was obtained from brigade headquarters for the regiment to await its return. As soon as it arrived battalion line was formed, and then regimental line, the order to march was given, and the regiment moved out 6o6 ^tfiforg of f^e ^wenfgs^econb (Kegimenf of the armory towards home. They did this with joy- ful hearts, for, although the campaign had not lasted for any considerable length of time, it had been suddenly sprung upon the officers and men at a season of the year when the demands of business were very pressing, giving little or no time for preparation. In addition, the weather had been extremely inclement. The strain upon the members of the regiment, for all these rea- sons, had been severe, and it was a great relief to them when it ceased. The Kings County Elevated cars were boarded and the East River Bridge was soon reached and crossed. The march was continued through the City Hall Park, up Broadway to Franklin Street. There the Manhattan Elevated was taken to the armory, where the regiment was dismissed. Notwithstanding the cold weather and change of diet, the health of all was excellent. This was largely owing to the experience obtained in Buffalo, and par- ticularly to the care and vigilance of the medical department. The general feeling of the National Guardsmen who served in the Brooklyn strike was not kindly to- wards the trolley companies. While the officers and men did their duty, enforced the law and maintained order, they could not help feeling that these companies had forced their men into a strike by cutting their wages down to the starvation point, in order to declare dividends upon their watered stock. They therefore con- sidered that the railroad corporations were responsible for the losses they had sustained in leaving their business and the great expense suffered by the State and count}-, ^ieiot^ of f0e $f»cnf8«^econb QRegtmenf 607 for it was clear from the outset that disorder would be the inevitable result of the companies' action. They were firmly impressed with the idea that a little tact, kindness and consideration shown towards the men by their employers (as was done by Col. Partridge of the DeKalb Avenue road) would have either entirely pre- vented the strike, or would have terminated it very shortly after its inception. They also felt that these companies h-ad done little or nothing to make their own service easy or to reduce the hardships which they had been obliged to endure. They therefore did not feel at all amiable towards those who they considered had obliged them to make the personal and pecuniary sacrifices which their service in this strike had involved. Wljo wean iKt {Kmk ^ow. 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N !*"^^c» " " ^m ■ CO *ii o^ en o> «; M '-'^OO « CO (g" ►» o ^2 = tu - > o S " m^ ^f o" ST >>2 ^" C Q^ rt J, rt , ^I^PENDIX I. OFFICERS OF THE TWENTY-SECOND FROM ITS ORGANIZA- TION TO SEPTEMBER 1, 1895. Naine. James MoiN;oe, Lloyd Aspinwall, Jas. Farley Cox, . Geo. B. Post, Wm. W. Remmey, Josiah Porter, John T. Camp, COLONELS. Date of Commission. October 4, 1861. October 28, 1862. November 15, 1867. February 8, 1869. January 30, 1869. October 11, 1869. January 18, 1886. LIEUTENANT COLONELS. Name. Lloyd Aspinwall, J. Henderson Grant, Jas. F. Cox, Geo. B. Pest, Wm. W. Remmey, Josiah Porter, Jos. T. Camp, David S. Brown, John T. Camp, . Wm. J. Harding, George Alfred Miller, William Vinton King, Date of Commission. . October 4, 1S61. November 12, 1862. July 13, 1863. January 12, 1866. February 8, 1867. January 30, 1869. October ii, 1869. April 14, 1871. December 22, 1873. February 8, 1886. July 30, 1888. April 21, 1890. Name. Jas. F. Cox, James Otis, Geo. B. Post, Edw. M. Townsend, Josiah Porter, John T. Camp, . David S. Brown, . MAJORS. Date of Commission. November 12, 1862. " 1863. November 3, 1863. January 12, 1866. April 2, 1867. January 30, i86g. October n, 1869. 611 6l2 Ibistors of tbe c:wentB=Sccon6 IReglment. MAJORS— CV7»/l«afrf. Wm. J. A. McGrath, John H. Horsfall, Thomas H, CuUen, George A. Miller, William Vinton King, Franklin Bartlett, George E. B. Hart, Geo. F. Demarest, April 14, 1871. February 9, 1877. April 8, 1881. March 5, 1886. November 19, l888f March 23, i8gi. May 15., 1893. elected August z6, 1895. Name. J. Henderson Grant, Wm. J. A. McGrath, Isaac Dean, Chas. S. Bunker, J. Langdon Ward, Wm. C. Besson, Wm. J. Harding, Pierre L. Boucher, John Waydell, Wm. J. Harding, William B. Smith, Stephen F. Hart, Harry H Treadwell, Robert J. Daly, . ADJUTANTS. Date of Commission.. October 16, 1861. July 17, 1862. November 8, 1864. August 3, 1866. March' 15, 1867. January 30, 1869. October 11, 1869. January 7, 1873. June 21, 1875. August I, 1877. September g, 1886. January 12, i8gi. May 25, 1893. CAPTAINS AND ENGINEERS. Name. Date of Commission, Jas. Renwick, Jr., . October 16, 1861. Henry E. Howland, June 5, 1865. Name. W. B. Meeker, . J. T. Baldwin, . Charles Lanier, . Charles E. Miller, PAYMASTERS. Date of Commission. October 16, 1861. November 12, 1862. March 21, 1863. November 21, 1863. Name. Henri Braem, Geo. McClure, Wm. C. Rogers, COMMISSARIES. Date of Commission, October 16, 1881. June 30, 1862. September 15, 1867. IbistotB of tbe ZTwentB^SeconO IRegiment. COMMISSARIES— Coniinueii. Hobt. Pardow, Eugene A. Heath, Jos. P. Jardine, . Joseph M. Smith, October ii, 1869. January 20, 1870. April 10, 1877. July 7, 1887. 613 QUARTERMASTERS. Name. ■Chas. T. White, . Jotham W. Post, Geo. McClure, Chas. S. Bunker, Wm. C. Rogers, .... Rowland A. Robbins, Thos. H. CuUen, Thomas L. Miller, William E. Haws, William F. Carey, Albert Chellborg Henry S. Sternberger, Date of Commission. October 16, 1861. October 25, 1862. June II, 1864. February 21, 1867. October 11, 1869. October 2, 1871. May 17, 1875. April 26, 1878. July 7, 1890. May 8, 1893. August I, 1895. August I, 1895. SURGEONS. Name. Benjamin Lee, Everett Herrick, Louis A. Rodenstein, Thos. H. Burchard, William F. Duncan, William K. Pryor, Bennett S. Beach, Date of Commission. October 30, 1862. March 13, 1865. October 11, 1869. May 12, 1876. April 22, 1880. October 29, 1888. September 6, 1892. Naifie. Benjamin Lee, N. K. Post, Chas. F. Roberts, Harry L. Sims, . William F. Duncan Henry L. Sims, Albert T. Weston. Bennett S. Beach, George A. Tuttle, Harry E. Stafford, ASSISTANT SURGEONS. Date of Commission. October 16, 1861. June 25, 1863. March 17, 1870. May 12, 1876. May q, 1878. December 13, 1880. February 9, 1889. February i, 1892. October 31, 1892. May 8, 1893. 6i4 IbistocB of tbc ICwentBsSeconO IRegiment. CHAPLAINS. Name. John Cotton Smith, Robert B. Booth, Wm. Neilson McVicker, William N. Bunnell, Date of Commission. October 31, 1861. May 17, 1862. February 25, 1870. April 15, 1874. INSPECTORS OF RIFLE PRACTICE. Name. John S. Loomis, John W. Browning, Chas. T. Smith, James Wells Finch, Wm. J. Hussey, Maurice E. Burnton, Date of Commission, June I, 1875. January 30, 1883. April 30, 1885. May 16, 1887. July 7, 1890. September 7, 1891. ASSISTANT INSPECTOR OF RIFLE PRACTICE. Name. Harrison B. Moore, Jr., Date of Commissiom- August 7, 1895. OFFICERS OF COMPANY A. Name. James Otis, Edw. M. Townsend, David B. Gilbert, Geo. W. Wingate, R. Kelly Styles, . John Waydell, Geo. F. Deraarest, Geo. A. Miller, . Wm. E. Preece, . Jas. P. Kenworthy, Date of Commission, September 24, 1861. October 13, 1863. January — , 1866. December 20, 1866. August 20, i86g. February 21, 1876. January 28, 1878. May 2, 1881. April 22, 1886. January 8, 1894. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. Name. Jas. F. Cox, Geo. Fuller, Lindley M. Franklin, Geo. W. Wingate, John C. Bussing, Jas. S. Franklin, Date of Commission. September 24, 1861. July 2, 1S62. September 24, 1863.. June 22, 1866. January 31, 1867. December 17, 1868, Ibistorg of tbe UwentB=ScconD IRegiment. COMPANY K.— Continued. 615 E. A. Cunningham, Saml. E. Briggs, John Waydell, Geo. H. MoUer, Wm. E. Preece, Jas. P. Kenworthy, Chas. H. Stoddard, January 13, 1870. December 12, 1870. November 17, 1873. March 27, 1876. February 16, 1883. May 6, 1887. March 12, 1894. SECOND LIEUTENAN'TS. Name. Geo. Fuller, David B. Gilbert, Geo. W. Wingate, John C. Bussing, Jas. S. Franklin, E. H. Cunningham, Saml. E. Briggs, John Waydell, Wm. Gregory, Geo. H. MoUer, . Geo. F. Demarest, Geo. A. Miller, . DeWitt C. Weed, John Lamb, W. H. Alley, Chas. H. Stoddard, Danl. J. Murphy, Date of Commission. September 24, 1861. July 3, 1862. October 13, 1863. June 22, 1866. January 31, 1867. December 17, 186B. January 13, 1870. December 12, 1870. November 17, 1873. April 7, 1875. March 27, 1876. March 14, 1881. January 15, 1883. December 27, 1886. November g, 1891. December 5, 1893. May 14, 1894. OFFICERS OF COMPANY B. Name. David S. Brown, Wm. W. Remmey, John T. Camp, . Thos. H. CuUen, Albert B. Colfax, Wm. J. Harding, Thos. H. CuUen, Charles T. Smith, Wm. V. King, . Wm. J. Maidhof, Date of Commission November 11, 1861. July 15, 1863. March 25, 1867. December 20, 1867. March 20, 1871. January 3, 1873. April 3, 1876. July 30, 1881. May 7, 1883. December 10, 1888.1 6i6 Iblstors of tbe trwentBsSccon& TReigiment. COMPANY V,.— Continued. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. Name. Aaron C. Allen, . John T. Camp, . Thomas H. CuUen, Geo. W. Laird, . Albert E. Colfax, Wra. P. Bogert, . Albert E. Colfax, Wm. J. Maidhof, William N. Bavier, H. H. Treadwell, Clement F. Kross, SECOND LIEUTENANTS. Name. Aaron C. Allen, . William W. Remmey, Theo. G. Ascough, Marvin R. Pearsall, Chas. F. Conner, Chas. T. Smith, Robert Lepper, . Henry J. Charlton, Wm. N. Bavier, H. H. Treadwell, Edgar S. Schoonmaker, John H. Wightman, Fredk. C. Ringer, Date of Commission. September 17, 1862. June 22, 1863. March 25, 1867. March 6, 1868. March 7, 1870. March 20, 1871. April 3, 1876. November 22, 1880. January 28, 1889. March 10, 1890. June I, 1893. Date of Commission. December 26, 1861. October 11, 1862. August 7, 1863. June 21, 1869. February 2, 1872. June 4, 1S75. January 7, 1878. May 2, 1881. November 22, i886. April 8, 1889. May 19, i8go. June 6, 1892. February 19, 1894. OFFICERS OF COMPANY C. Name. Geo. B. Post, Wm. J. A. McGrath, John H. Palmer, Thomas Tate, Chas. D. Topping, Chas. T. Smith, . Charles Foxwell, F. A. Kelly, Isaac H. West, . Jno. G. R. Liliendahl, Malcolm C. Murray, Jno. G. R. Lilliendahl, CAPTAINS. Date of Commis<^ion. September 24, 1861. November 25, 1863. March 14, 1866. April 21, 1869. September 10, 1873. February 28, 1877. March 8, 1881. October 12, 1881. November 13, 1882. January 25, 1888. September 25, 1893. April 16, 1895. IbtstocB at tbe ^wentgsSeconO TReglment. 617 COMPANY C— Continued. Name. H. Cruger Oakley, Townsend Cox, . John H. Palmer, Thomas Tate, Chas. D. Topping, Philip H. Farley, Clifford M. De Mott, Chas. Foxwell, . Geo. H. Watson, Norman Macdonald, Malcolm C. Murray, Chas. E. Asten, . FIRST LIEUTENANTS. Date of Commission. September 24, 1861. February 28, 1863. August 4, 1864. March 14, 1866. April 21, 1869. April 25, 1877. February 11, 1880. January 12, 1881. April 20, 1881. November 12, 1883. January 8, 1892. November 13, 1893. Name. Wm. J. A. McGrath, Charles A. Post, John H. Palmer, Thos. Tate, Jr. . Chas. D. Topping, Edw. A. Taylor, Dan. Sherwood, Clifford M. De Mott, Chas. Foxwell, Geo. H. Watson, Adolph E. Dick, James W. Finch, Malcolm C. Murray, Chas. E. Asten, . Chas. Harrison, SECOND LIEUTENANTS. Date of Commission. September 24, 1861. July 21, 1862. February 2, 1863. August 4, 1864. March 14, 1866. November 8, 1869. November 3, 1875. October 24, 1877. May 3, 18S0. April 20, 1881. April 20, 1881. September 30, 1885. July II, 1887. March 11, 1892. January 19, 1894. OFFICERS OF COMPANY D. Name. A. Foster Higgins, James F. Cox, Thos. L. Thornell, Richard Vose, Sam. Moore Smith, Wm. H. Cortelyou, Franklin Bartlett, W. H. Cortelyou, Date of Commission. September 24, 1861. June II, 1862. December 2, 1863. June 26, 1S66. January 15, 1872. December 19, 1884. December 4, 1888. April 13, i8gi. 6i8 1B(storg of tbe a:wenti2=Sccon& IRegimcnt. COMPANY T).— Continued. Name. Richard Vose, Jos. F. Baldwin, Isaac Smith, Thos. H. Freeland, Sam'l M. Smith, . Jas. A. Terhune, Wm. H. Cortelyou, James O'Neill, W. H. Cortelyou, James A. Bell, FIRST LIEUTENANTS. Date of Commission. September 24, i86i. January 13, 1863." December 3, 1863. Mays, 1866. March 14, 1871. January 15, 1872. December 19, 1G82. April 6, 1886. April 8, 1889. June 2, 1891. Second Lieutenants. Name. M. Floyd Reading, Thomas L. Thornell, Isaac Smith, H. R. Ds Milt, Sam. M. Smith, . Jas. A. Terhune, Wm. M. Stillwell, Owen S. Bogert, Wm. H. Cortelyou, Ellsworth R. De Bow, James A. Bell, Frank M. Anderson, Date of Commission. October 31, 1861. June II, 1862. December 3, 1862. December 14, 1864. May 8, 1866. March 14, 1871. January 15, 1872. October 16, 1874. June 27, 1882. November 9, 1886. March 21, 1890. February 2, 1892. ♦Elected June 11, 1862. OFFICERS OF COMPANY E. John M. Wilsey, John T. Camp, . Wm. C. Besson, Jos. W. Congdon, Wilmot M. Dunning, Jos. G. West, George P. Freeman, Nathaniel B. Thurston, Date of Commission. September 24, 1861. March 25, 1867. March 10, 1869. February 14, 1872. October 14, 1874. June 4, 1877. April 6, 1880. December 2C, 1886. Iblstorg of tbe tlwentesSeconO IRegimei.t. 615 COMPANY %.— Continued. Name. Geo. W. Finch, . Wm. H. Hoyt, . Eugene A. Heath, Joseph W. Congdon, Walter M. Dunning, Thos. L. Miller, Thos. Van Loan, Geo. P. Freeman, N. B. Thurston, John A. Quigley, Walter B. Hotchkin, H. Morgan Miles, FIRST LIEUTENANTS. Date of Commission. September 24, 1861. May 28, 1862. October 24, 1867. January 14, 1870. February 14, 1872. October 14, 1874. February 20, 1879. February 20, i88o. April 6, 1880. May 4, 1887. February 14, 1894. June 17, 1895. Name. Jas. A. Aikman, Geo. W. Davis, . Theo. P. Austin, Wilmot M. Dunning, Dan. E. Pomeroy, Thos. Van Loan, Geo. P. Freeman, N. B. Thurston, Wra. B. Smith, . Walter D. Hawes, Walter B. Hotchkin, M. Morgan Miles, Bloomfield Usher, SECOND LIEUTENANTS. Date of Commission. September 24, 1861. June 5, 1863. March 27, 1868. October 11, 1871. February 14, 1872. October 14, 1874. February 20, 1879. February it, 1880. October 20, 1880. December 20, 1886. January 23, 1889. February 28, 1894. June 25, 1895. OFFICERS OF COMPANY F. Name. Albert N. Francis, Geo. J. ClanRanald, Jno. H. Horsfall, Herman Henneberger, John B. Gregory, John W. Jenkins, Chas. A. Dubois, Wm. B. Smith, . Date of Commission. January 18, 1862. February 4, 1867. November 3, 1873, March 20, 1877. September 24, 1879. June 3, 1884. February 10, 1888. December 9, 1890. 620 IbistocB of tbe Xi;wentB=Secon£) IRegfment, COMPANY Y.— Continued. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. Name. Geo. H. Bellows, Thos. Laurence, Geo. J. ClanRanald, Edw. Russell, Chas. Gamble, Wm. E. Brill, . Herman Henneberger, Henry A. Cuppia, John W. Jenkins, Jas. R. Byrd, Walter S. Bennett, Name. Edward A. Landers, Geo. J. Clan Ranald, Charles D. Walker, C. A. Bussell, Chas. Gamble, Wm. N. Beckwith, R. J. Anderton, . Leon Backer, Geo. A. Ludin, . Thos. F. Ryder, Wm. J. Hussey, David Lowenbein, SECOND LIEUTENANTS. Date of Commission. January i8, 1862. January 16, 1863. December 18, 1863. June 25, 1867. , October 2, 1871. June 13, 1873. November 19, 1875. March 20, 1877. December 10, 1878. — Re- elected October 24, 1882. February 9, 1886. April 6, 1888.— Re-elected December 9, 1895. Date of Commission.' January 18, 1862. January iG, 1863. December 18. 1863. February 4, 1867. April 4, 1S70. October 2, 1871. November 3, 1873. June 30, 1876. June 3, 1884. May 19, 1885. April 6, 1888. May 4, 1891. OFFICERS OF COMPANY G. Name. Benj. F. Butler, . Henry E. Howland, Josiah Porter, John Brower, Wm. J. A. McGrath, John Briggs, Andrew Ritchie, Henry M. Knapp, George S. Burger, Clifford M. De Mott, George F. Demarest, CAPTAINS. Date of Commission. September 24, 1861. November 3, 1862. June 13, 1865. May 31, 1867. May 24, 1869. June 5, 1871. June 2, 1873. January 29, 1875. April 30, 1879. March 6, 1882. November 3, 1884. IbistorB o£ tbe ?rwentgaSccon& IRedlment. 621 COMPANY C— Continued. Name. G. De Forrest Lord, Wm. C. Soutter, John Broiver, Lansdale Boardman, Thos. Comisky, Robt. Lepper, John Briggs, Clifford M. De Mott, A. W. Callisen, . David R. Doty, . George C. Miller, Ed'jirin W. Dayton, Sanril. F. Ball, . Edwin W. Dayton, FIRST LIEUTKNANTS. Date of Commission. September 24, i86i. November 3, 1862. April 2q, 1864. May 31, 1867. March 12, l86g. January 31, 1876. January 19, 1880. July 25, i88r, March 6, 1882. December 21, 1883. May 24, 1886. April 9, 1888. November 11, 1892, February 26, 1894. Name. Henry A. Oakley, Wm. H. Gibson, Francis H. Slade, John Brower James W. Clark, John Briggs, Henry M. Knapp, Robt. Lepper Henry Rovvedder, Joseph A. Carberry, A. W. Callisen, . David R. Doty, . H. A. Brown, George C. Miller, A. H. Murphy, . Saml. F. Ball, Giles Rae, . SECOND LIEUTENANTS. Date of Commission- September 24, 1861. June 18, 1862. November 12, 1862. October 30, 1862. April 29, 1863. May 31, 1S67. June 5, 1871. January 27, 1875.- January 31, 1876. August 27, 1879. March 21, 1881. May I, 1B82. June 3, 18S4. September ], 1884. October 11, 1886. May 7, 1888. June 2, 1893. OFFICERS OF COMPANY H. Name. John E. Parsons, Richard S. Grant, R. B. Lock wood, Date of Commission, September 24, 1861. January 2, 1862. February i8, 1869.. 622 Ibistorg ot tbe tCw6ntB=Secon& IRegiment. COMPANY ^..-Continued. R. Kelly Styles, . Danville Van Schaick, Henry Drisler, Noel R. Park, Chas. Foxwell, John S. White, Jose D. C. Priest, Geo. F. Potter, Jas. M. Finch, Wm. J. -Hussey, Clifford C. Cassidy, August 20, i86g. January ii, 1870. March 13, 1877. May 7, 1878. March 8, 1881. June 19, 1882. January 5, 1884. June 18, 1885. December 3, 1888. January 23, 1891. February 16, 1894. Name. Walter Edwards, Jr. Wm. Man, R. B. Lockwood, Dunville Van Schaick, J. L. Higgins, . Andrew Ritchie, . John C. Wilmerding, Henry Drisler, Noel R. Park, . Robt. G. Wilson, Chas. H. Luscomb, Jose D. C. Priest, Sherlock H. Byron, Clarence M. Skellen, Walter D. Haws, Clifford C. Cassidy, Geo. W. McClintock, FIRST LIEUTENANTS. Date of Commission. September 24, 1861. November 12, -1863. February 28, 1867. March 11, i86g. December 13, 1870. December , 1872. December 9, 1873. February 2, 1875. August 28, 1877. December 30, 1878. December 20, 1880. March 16, 1883. January 5, 1884. September 17, 1885. December 17, 1888. March 6, 1891. May 4, 1894. Name. Chas. Lord, Nathaniel P. Rogers, Wm. Man, Thos. Ladd, Robert M. Hedden, J. L. Higgins, A. Ritchie, J. C. Wilmerding, Wm. J. Carmichael, Robt. O. Glover, SECOND LIEUTENANTS. Date of Commission. November 7, i85i. July 23, 1862. November 12, 1863. December 14, 1865. January 11, 1870. December 13, 1870. December, 1872. December 9, 1873. October 3, 1876 IbistocB of tbe ^wentB=Secon& IRegimcnt. 623 COMPANY B..— Continued. Benedict W. Swope, William R. Palmer, Adolph E. Dick, . Geo. W. McClintock, Frank Isherwood, February 6, 1882. September 6, 1883. December 27, 1885. February 23, 1894. September 10, 1894. OFFICERS OF COMPANY I. Name. Asa Bird Gardiner, Aaron C. Allen, David S. Brown, Jr., Morris Duckworth, John H. Horsfall, Wm. G. Wheelwright, Arthur S. Hoeber, Henry D. Mildeberger, John P. Leo, Homer Bostwick, Walter B. Hotchkiss, Name. Hamlin Babcock, Alfred H. Snow, Theo. F. Allen, R. Kelly Styles, . John H. Horsfall, Arthur S. Hoeber, Henry A. Hogan, Jno. G. R. Lilliendahl, William H. Carter, Frank I. Stott CAPTAINS. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. Name Chas. B. Smith, . Ed. M. Townsend, Joseph J. Goodliff, R. M. De Milt, Robert M. Hedden, R. Kelly Styles, . Aaron B. Carpenter, Wm. Van Antwerp, Henry A. Hogan, SECOND LIEUTENANTS. Date of Commission. May 31, 1862. October 23, 1863. June g, 1865. December 8, i86g. November 3, 1873. October 6, 1875. December 31, 1880. June 20, 1881. February 18, 1885. October 3, 1892. June 15, 1895. Date of Commission. March 31, 1862. February 13, 1864. September 25, 1867. June 7, i86g. September 14, 1870. January 17, 1879. July 12, 1880. October 12, 1885. February 20, 1893. June 15, 1895. Date of Commission. May 31, 1862. February 4, 1863. June 21, 1863. February 13, 1864. December 14, 1865. April 17, 1867. June 7, i86g. December g, 1872. December 18, 1878. 624 IBistotB of tbe C:wentg=Sccon& IRegimcnt. COMPANY 1— Continued. Henry D. Mildeberger, Chas. A. Du Bois, Frank I. Stott, A. H. Dyett, July 12, l88o. October 12, 1885. May 24, 1893. July 5, 1895. OFFICERS OF COMPANY K. Name. Edgar A. Roberts, S. Ellis Briggs, . Thos. M. Daly, . Leonard G. Von Vechten, Henry M. Knapp, Duncan S. Harrison, Geo. E. B. Hart, J. Nelson Borland, Name. Thomas Price, Wm. R. Davies, . Thos. M. Daly, . Chas. D. Sabin, . Herbert Lloyd, John F. Luther, Geo. E. B. Hart, Harry A. Bencke, Robert J. Daly, . Robert H. Meneely, Benj. S. Hart, Name. Henry J. White, . Chas. D. Sabin, . L. G. Von Vechten, John F. Luther, . Chas. Strohmenger, Harry Hartshorne, George H. Fleming, Harry A. Bencke, Robt. J. Daly, Robt. H. Meneely, Chas. F. Abbot, . FIRST LIEUTENANTS. SECOND LIEUTENANTS. Date of Commission. January 7, 1863. June 12, 1874. February 23, 1877. May 13, 1879. March 18, 1880. July 26, 1882. March 28, 1884. June 2, 1893. Date of Commission. January 7, 1863. October 14, 1874. September 15, 1875. February 23, 1877. May 13, 1879. January 20, 1881. November 15, ,1882. March 28, 1884. January 28, 1887. June 2, 1893. June 15, 1895. Date of Commission. January 7, 1863. March 25, 1875. February 21, 1877. December 22, 1879. May 24, 1881. November 15, 1882. March 28, 1884. June i6th, 1886. April 8, 1887. October 14th, 1890. June 16, 1893. A^PPEISTDIX II. OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE TWENTY-SECOND WHO SERVED WITH IT IN THE FIELD IN 1862. FIELD AND STAFF. Names. Rank. James Monroe, . . Colonel (i). Lloyd Aspinwall, . Lieutenant-Colonel. James Henderson Grant, Major (2). William J. A. McGrath, Adjutant (3). Benjamin Lee, Jr., Surgeon. Albert H. Gallatin, . Assistant Surgeon. Charles T. White, Quartermaster. George McClure, Commissary. Erskine White, . Acting Chaplain. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Osborn E. Bright, . Sergeant-Major (4). Jotham W. Post, Quartermaster-Sergeant. John C. Thompson, . Commissary Sergeant (5). Charles D. Walker, , Ordinance Sergeant (6). William Lamohby, Sergeant Stand Bearer. George V. W. House, . " " " (7). Albert Wyckoff, . Right General Guide. May Goldschmidt, Left William Lewis, Hospital Steward. George McClure, Commissary Sergeant (8). Charles A. Post, . Sergeant-Major (9). John Ryer, . Drum Major. (i) Died July 31, 1862, of disease contracted while in service. (2) Elected from Adjutant, July 18, 1862. (3) Appointed Adjutant, July 17, I862. (4) Appointed August 22, 1862. (s) Appointed July i, 1862. (6) Appointed July 3, 1862. (7) Appointed June 30, 1862. (8) Appointed Commissary, June 30, 1862. (9I Elected Second Lieutenant Co. E, July 23, 1862. 625 626 Iblstorg o( tbe ttwentB=Secon& IRegiment. COMPANY A. Names. Otis, James, . Fuller, George, Gilbert, David B. Cox, Townsend, Franklin, Lindley M Brown, Francis C. Brewer, William A. Goldschmidt, George B. Marsh, Walter R. Miller, Charles E. Tappan, George W. Schenck, Abraham H. Irvin, Richard, Barmore, Nathaniel, Kennedy, Edward J. Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant (i). First Sergeant (2). Second Sergeant. Third Fourth Corporal. (3). Musician. Bergman, John S. Blauvelt, George W. Britton, William L. Bogardus, William H. Breck, George L. Bunker, Charles S. Burrell, James P. Carpenter, William L. Coles, Butler, CoUis, George W. Cooper, Robert J. Cryder, Duncan, Davis, George T. Depeyster, Beekman, Darning, Henry C. Dubois, William A. Eggleston, David S. (4). Farrar, Thomas C. Fitch, Theodore, Fuller, Charles, French, George A. Gleason, John, Gwynne, David E. Hayes, Charles G. Hicks, George C. Holmes, George F. Homans, Edward C. Hull, Thomas A. Judd, David M. Manning, Oscar S. Malet, Edward B. Marsh, Isaac R. Martin, Geo. R. (5). McDonald, Richard, Parker, George M. Raimon, William H. Ray, Richard C. Robbins, James E. Roberts, Charles S. Sanglier, Thomas H, Smith, John S. Sullivan, James, (i) Elected July ist, vice Townsend, resigned. (2) Appointed July ist, vice Gilbert, promoted. (3) Discharged July 25, 1862, having furnished a substitute. (4) Discharged July 23, having furnished substitute. (5) Appointed Paymaster, U. S. N., July 17, 1862. IblstotB of tbe UwentB=Secon& TRcglment. 627 COMPANY K.— Continued. Seymour, Roderick B. Taintor, Charles, Terry, Horace E. F. Thompson, John, (6). Townsend, Geo. C. Tucker, John C, Jr. (4). Van Brunt, Peter W. Wingate, George W. Wheeler, Albert H. Wesson, Edward, Wilkes, John de P. Yeomans, Abraham J . Youngs, Alfred, (4). (4) Discharged July 23, 1862, having furnished substitute. (6) Appointed Commissary Sergeant, July i, 1862. COMPANY B. I Names. Brown, David S. Allen, Aaron C. Remmey, Wm. \V. Camp, Jno. T. Winship, Jas. M. Ascough, Theodore G. Cullen, Thos. H. Pearsall, Marvin R. Gardner, Marlborough D. Allen, Theodore F. . Pidgeon, Julian R. Carr, Thomas A. De Mott, Chas. North, Allen C. Ranlc. Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Second Sergeant. Third Fourth First Corporal. Second Corporal. Third Fourth Lance " Drummer. Allen, Chas. F. Aull, Richard F. _ Ames,, Edward, Brown, Thos. R. (i). Brown, George W. Bogart, Wm. H. Barker, Jr., Joseph D. Boland, Chas. G. Bloom, Wm. H. Burgess, Levi G. Bull, Richard B. Bensil, Jas. H. Collins, Edward B. Comes, Daniel D. Cooper, George, Coyle, Alex. F. Class, Francis W. R. Connors, Martin, Crammatt, Henry, Cookey, Jno. Croskey, Jno. Darby, Wm. E. Edwards, Jno. D. Famham, Oliver J. Foote, Erasmus D. Golding, Joseph H. (i) Discharged July 28, having furnished substitute. 628 Ibtstorg of tbe n:wentB=Secon& IReflfment. COMPANY '&.— Continued. Gallaway, George, Hicks, Wm. Halcott, Chas. L. Hawes, Wm. H. H. Haggerty, Bernard, Kearney, Frank, Louis, Henry, Murray, Edwin D. Miller, Francis, McDermott, Michael, Nichols, Henry, Pierce, Chas. L. Pratt, Augustus, Routledge, John, Ryan, Daniel J. Snow, Alfred D. Trimble, James C. Wait, Edward A. COMPANY C. Names. Post, Geo. B. Oakley, H. C. McGrath, W. J. A. Post, Chas. A. Arnold, Geo. H. Evans, Walter W. Palmer, John H. Brownell, I. A. Franklin, Homer P. Adams, Axel S. Forrest, Robert, Lem'ist, Haswell T. Carlton, Fredk. H. Shore, Albert, Miller, John, Rank. Captain . First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant (i). (2). First Sergeant. Second Sergeant. Third Fourth ' ' First Corporal. Second Corporal. Third Fourth Drummer. Adriance, Wra. J. Avery, Edwd. T. Blauvelt, Robt. B. Butler, Jos. H. Bryan, L. I. Chesterman, Jas. Duff, Alfred, Dewey, Sturgis, Eagle, ClifTord F. Gilpin, Chas. P. Hinton, Eugene A. Hefferman, Jno. M (3)- Hamlin, Henry H. Hall, Ambrose, James, Josiah, Jonos, G. W. Kasson, Chas. D. F. Keppling, Richard, Jr. Lyman, Wm. H. Middleton, W. B. Marbury, F. F. McKenzie, Donald, Neefus, Willie E. O'Connor, Chas. H. (i) Appointed Adjutant, July 17, 1862. (2) Elected July 13, vice W. J. A. McGrath, appointed Adjutant. (3) Detailed as Medical Assistant. f>(8torB of tbe ttwentB=ScconO iRegtment. 629 COMPANY C.~Ccntinued. Oakley, Gilbert, Peterson, D. S. Parker, Rupert, Parsons, S. A. Pearce, Geo. B. Pardon, Robt., Jr. Ross, W. H. Seaward, Benj. Strafford, Geo. Silber. F. A. Stinson, Geo. B. Sturgis, Wm., 3d. Tate, Thos., Jr. Topping, Chas. D. Valentine, J. J. Walker, R. S. Wood, Wm. Weed, Ira D. Wilson, F. F. Wells, M. A. COMPANY D. Names. Cox, James F. Baldwin, Jos. T. Thornell, Thos. L. Anderson, Wm. A. Smith Isaac, . Freeland, Theo. H. Mildeberger, Oliver D. Thomas, Ellis R. Geer, Frederick M. Randall, Darley, Hanford, Wm. H. Lecour, Eugene H. Smith, Saml. M. Harding, Isaac W. Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Second Sergeant. Third Fourth " First Corporal. Second Corporal. Third Fourth Lance " Drummer. Appleton, William G. Bates, Joseph, Berrian, Andrew J., Jr. Brown, Richard, Brown, Henry H. Belden, Herbert, Chapin, George C. Chapin, Chas. A. Carr, John S. Cramer, Henry, Chamberlain, Henry, Camerden, Geo. E. Deen, Scott, Demarest John J. Doughty, Isaac L. Denman, Wm. M. Denman, Richard H. Des Louislaivy, Henri, Dixon, Henry C. Edwin, Wm. A. Fleming, Jas. S. Geer, Geo. W. Gannon, Henry, Gore, Albert A. Gore, Martin A. Howe, Geo. B. Hutschler Rich. V. Jackson, Jas. 630 IBistorB of tbc ttwentgaSeconD IReglmcnt. COMPANY D— Continued. Kissam, Jos. H. Kellock, Corls. M. Keeler, Theo. Kip, Henry, Kellogg, Wm. L. Lathrop, Fre4- E. Lecour, Chas. W. Montague, Edwd. B. McNab, Wm. F. Moore, Wm. C. (3). Moody, Wm. F. McGinley, John, Odell, Jasper M. Pinckney, Chas. W. (i). Perry, John, Phillips, Wm. H. Reading, Jas. A. St. John, Ward, Smith, Edward A. Sherwood, Francis P. Sutton, Woodruff, (2). Tompkins, John M. (3). Terhune, Jas. A. Taylor, Wm. W. Towner, Wm. A. Walton, Arthur H. Watlington, Bernard, Wilson, John W. (i) Commissioned Second Lieutenant, 42d N. Y. Vols., July 9, 1862. (2) Discharged for disability, July 14, 1862. {3) Discharged July 28, having furnished substitute. Names. Wilsey, John N. Hoyt, W. H. . Aikman, James H. . Gerraond, Henry S. Davies, Geo. W. P. Nevins, W. I., Jr. Hallman, John N. Ogden, W. B. White, Henry I. Howard, Jarvis C. Adams, Elihu, Chichester, Henry L. Pinchbeck, Henry C. COMPANY E. Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Second Sergeant. Third Fourth First Corporal. Second Corporal. Third Fourth Lance " Musician. Barber, Geo M. Bellin, Jos. H. (i). Baily, Thos. Broas, Henry C. Buckley, John, Baylis, Wm. H. Connor, Ezra S. Clark, Corns. H. Conkey, Nathan G. Clapp, Geo. A. Courtis, Frank, (2). Carraher, Christopher A. Candee, Wm. H. Carpenter, Jacob, (i) Discharged July 28, having furnished substitute. (2) Appointed Naval Cadet, Aug. 27.- ■fcfstocB of the trwentB=Secona IResiment. 631 COMPANY 'E.—Conttnued. Clark, Charles, Cutts, Elijah J. Crane, John, Clark, Wm. A. Clague, William, DeMille, Peter E. Dick,Benj. Denton, Rich. M. Deery, Charles, Ellis, Thomas, (i). Farmer, William, Green, Richard M. Gordon, Henry, Herron, Henry C. Hays, Patrick, Kanski, Hipolye C. Kew, Jacob H. Koonz, Gerow, Lakey, John, Leggett, William, Lewis, Frank, Manning, Samuel, Meakim, Willet W. McMillan, Thomas, Olmstead, Theo. F. Patterson, Henry C. Sammona, Thos., Jr. Sammona, Chas. F. (i). Seymour, Wm. H. Smith, Samuel, Sweeney, Patrick, Schramm, John, Tompkins, Jas. E. Turney, Aug. M. Walker, James H. Yard, Hiram J. (i) Discharged July 28, having furnished substitute. Names. Francis, Albert N. Bellows, George H. . Landers, Edward A. . Allen, Edward J. Walker, Charles D. Lawrence, Thomas, Dobbs, Charles G. Bussell, Edward, Howell, Charles T. Greenfield, James H. Carpenter, James H. Inslee, Jos. H. P. Field, Floyd T. R. . Bornstein, Morris, Lackey, Jos. A. COMPANY F. Bouton, James, Bunce, John S. Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Second Sergeant (i). Third Fourth " (2). First Corporal. Second Corporal. Third Fourth Corporal (3). Musician. PRIVATES. Bell, George M. Broadhead, James S. (i) Appointed Ordnance Sergeant, July 3, 1S62. (2) Appointed Sergeant, July i, 1862. (3) Discharged July 25, having furnished substitute. 632 IbistorB of tbe a:wentB=SeconO IRegfment COMPANY Y.— Continued. Bussell, George F. Burrows, James M. Bennett, Humphrey, Conklin, John W. Clancy, Joseph, Doughty, James F. Decker, Wm. N. Dayton, Edward H. Fahey, James W. Fairbanks, Marcellus, Gallaher, Theo. H. Gallaher, Wm. E. Gamble, Charles, Gano, James M. Hyatt, William H. Hall, Peter M. Holdredge, Chas. W. Jansen, Albert J. Johnston, William W. Johnston, Francis H. Kline, George W. Kay, Joseph W. Lalor, John W. Lockwood, Joseph P. Mangam, Henry L. Murray, Patrick J. Norris, James, Norris, John S., Jr. (4). O'Connor, Rich. J. Phillips, Thos. J. Rappleyea, James C. Rowe, Wm. F. Russell, Robert, Jr. Romain, Chas. J. Slocum, John J. Scofield, Chas. H. Taylor, Wm. H. TurnbuU, Wm. Totten, Hiram, Van Dyke, Henry L. R. Woehning, Th. W. (4) Discharged for disability, July 14, 1862. COMPANY G. Names. Butler, Benj. F. Lord, George De Forest, Gibson, Wm. A. Howland, Henry E. Slade, Francis H. Soutter, Wm. C. Brewer, John, Sturgis, Frederick, Baker, Dwight, Boardman, H. Lansdale, Perkins, Thos. A. Dean, Wm. B. Noyes, Dan'l R. Young, Eben, Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant (i). Second Sergeant. Third Fourth " (2). Fifth First Corporal. Second Corporal (3). Third " (3). Fourth " (4). Corporal (5). " (5). (1) Appointed First Sergeant, Aug. 23, 1862. (2) Appointed Fourth Sergeant, Aug. 23, 1862. (3) Appointed Corporal, July 17, 1862. {4) Appointed Corporal, Aug. 23, 1862. (s) Discharged July ai, having furnished substitute. ■fcletocB of tbe UwentB=Secon£) TRegimcnt. 633 COMPANY G.— Continued. Arnold, Francis B. Baylis, James C. Blair, De Witt C. Briggs, John, Briggs, Russell J. Brown, Fred. J. Brown, J. E. Brown, Jay Cady, Burnett, Wm. Clark, James W. Clarkson, Wm. Crosby, Cottrell, Henry, Colgate, Bowles, Comiskey, Thos. Crosby, Harmon R. Des Louslaivy, Jules, Douglas, George, (5) Dumont, J. Ludlow, Draper, Frank E. (5). Dyer, B. F. Earle, James, Francis, Chas. King, Fredericks, John H. Green, Charles T. (6). Gilman, Wm. C, Jr. Garrets, Morris, Hamilton, L. McL. Hamilton, Louis McL. Heyzer, Charles H. Hyde, E. Francis, Hyde, Fred. E. Hubbell, J. Q. A. Johnson, E. A. Johnson, S. R. Johnson, F. T. Kimball, Wm. C. Kimball, Wm. H. Kimball, Chas. A. King, William, Lane, Wallace B. Livingston, W. H. Mastin, J. E. Marsh, George, Mcdonald, Herbert, Northrop, H. D. Oakley, F. R. Oakley, W. F. Parmelee, Wm. Phelps, George D., Jr. Flyer, H. G. (7). Rankin, Robt. G., Jr. Randall, E. D. W. Robbins, Horace W., Jr. Slade, Fred. J. Sheppard, George, Stivers, Edward, Stoutenburgh, Wm. Stone, Wm. F. Stevens, Francis K. Stevens, Fred'k W. Smith, Hamel, Jr. Tier, D. M., Jr. Thompson, John Hanson, Williams, Edmund, White, Thos. Perkins, TRANSFERRED. Bright, Osborn E. House, George V. W. Sergeant (8). Private (9). (5) Discharged July 21, having furnished substitute. _ . . . (6) Commissioned as Second Lieutenant, 60th N. Y. Vols., Aug. 8, 1862. (7) Discharged in consequence of illness, July 16. (8) Appointed as Sergeant-Major, Aug. 22, 1862. (g) Appointed as Color Seageant, July i. ^34 "IblstocB of tbe ttwcntBsSccon& IRegiment. COMPANY H. Name. R. Suydam Grant, Walter Edwards, Jr. William Man, Wm. R. Eastman, Theodore Ladd, W. H. B. Post, Charles Elwin, W. W. Sherman, Aug. A. Robinson, Alexander J. Walker, Fredk. H. Man, Gilbert J. Marbury, , Stephen Ward, Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant {x). First Sergeant. Second " Third Sergeant (2), First Corporal. Second " Third Fourth " Drummer. Agnew, Andrew G. AUerton, George E. Arnold, De Witt C. (3). Atkinson, Gerome G. Babcock, Nichols H. Bagley, Geo. E. Bulkley, Chas. F. Campbell, Johnson, Chinn, Charles, (2). Curtiss, Edward, Foster, Geo. H. Frederick, Chas. Foster, Atherton, Frye, Hamilton, Goodrich, Wm. R. Green, Russel F. Greenwood, Rich. B. Hamlin, Alonzo, Higham, Robt. H. Hogan, Henry C. Kasson, Earl C. Lawrence, Milton B. Leroy, Chas. V. Marlow, Henry S. (4). PRIVATES. McCombe, George J. McNulty, Andrew J. Moore, Wm. J. Murdock, Tobias L. Owen, Edward L. Pennoyer, Edwin, Post, Alfred A. Reid, Alexander F. Reynolds, Charles, Robinson, James A. Seacrist, Joseph, Shelton, Wm. H. Smith, Alfred H. Stallman, John H. Strangman, John, Taylor, Alfred B. Smith, Charles W. (4). Wallace, William, Wheelwright, W. S. Wheelwright, B. F. Winston, Jos. S. Wishart, Rich. D. Wood, Charles, Wynkoop, Augustus W. (i) Promoted from Fourth Sergeant to Second Lieutenant by election, July la, 1862. (2) Discharged July 2r, having furnished substitute. (3) On duty as Colonel's Clerk from July 12, 1862. (4) Discharged in consequence of illness, July 21, 1862. Ibistorg of tbe trwentB=Sccon& IRediment. 635 COMPANY K— Continued. TRANSFERRED. Goldschmidt, Max, (5). Lamonby, Williams, (6). Wyckoff, Albert, (7). (5) Appointed Left General Guide, July i, 1862. (6) Appointed Color Sergeant, July 1, 1862. (7) Appointed Right General Guide, July i, 1862. COMPANY I. Names. Gardner, Asa Bird, Babcock, Hamlin, Smith, Charles B. Davison, James, Davidson, Stratford Clarke, William W Logan, John H. Field, William H. White, James, Moantford, Joseph, Goodliff, Joseph P. Godshalk, David, Justison, George, Allen, John, Adams, William, Butler, Walter. Burdaken, John, Bennem, John S. Beers, John, Curran, Samuel, Cornell, William L. Cunningham, Samuel, Campion, John T. Corry, Richard, Dunbar, David D. Ranli. Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant (l). " (2). ■' (3). Second Sergeant (4). Third Fourth " (5). First Corporal. Second " (6). Third " (7). Fourth " (8). PRIVATES. Demarest, Daniel, De Lance, Chas. E. Dalton, Matthew M. Duff, James, Dubois, George S. Elliott, William E. French, Edward M. Finch, Philetus W. Gillette, James F. Gordon, William, Groot, Giles F. Goble, David, (i) Discharged for disability, July 7, 1862. (2) Discharged for disability, July 16, 1862. (3) Promoted from Second Sergeant, July 16, 1862. (4) Promoted from Fourth Sergeant, July 16, 1862. (5) Promoted from Corporal, July 16, 1862. (6) Pj-omoted vice White, promoted July 16, 1862. (7) Promoted July 16, 1862. (8) Promoted August 4, 1862. 636 Ibistorg of tbe UwentB=SeconO IRegimcnt. COMPANY \.— Continued. Grant, Freeman, Gray, Thomas, Harp, John W. Harper, James, Hodges, John Q. (9). Johnson, Edward, Kennier, Arthur, (10), Karples, Robert, Lawrence, George, McDougall, Chas. H. McCallum, Saml. Newell, John N. Nelson, Henry K, O'Donnell, Thos. F. Porter, Joseph A. Parmenter, Henry, Rosselle, William H. Reid, Charles, Sarles, James M. Scofield, William, Sinclair, Nathaniel, Tice, Henry, Townsend, William H. Turner, Chas. H. Valentine, David, Van Sicklen, George E. Winterbottom, John, White, Loring Q. Wheeler, Elijah B. Wheeler, Timothy S. (11) (g) Discharged for disability, August 16, 1862. (10) Appointed Hospital Nurse, July 5, 1862. (ii) Discharged for disability, August 12, 1862. TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT BAND, 1862. MUSICIANS. Fred'k Wasshausen, August Gebbard, William Gebbard, Adam Eller, Jacob Rebhun, Jacob Jung, Emil Winter, Chas. Muller, Albert Kaiser, Emil Kampe, Johan Leis, Chas. Frederick, Stephen Amann, Philipp Walther, Julius Lohmann, August Breitkopf, Nicolas Moclins, Geo. Breitheim, Chas. Gebhard, Fred'k Kaiser, Godfrey Ritter, Carl Heiz, Walter Laezenbee, ^PFEISTDIX III. OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE TWENTY-SECOND REGI- MENT WHO SERVED WITH IT IN THE FIEIiD IN 1863. FIELD AND STAFF. Names. Aspinwall, Lloyd, Cox, James F. Otis, James, . McGrath, William J. A. Post, Jotham W. Lee, Benjamin, M. D. Post, W. H, B. Thompson, John C. Sexton, Edward H. Walker, Charles, Bunljer, Charles S. Adams, Elihu, Breck, George L, Wood, Charles, House, George V. W. Senior, Thomas H. Bruce, George, Rank. Colonel. Lieutenant-Colonel (i). Major (i). Adjutant. Quartermaster. Surgeon. Assistant Surgeon. Commissary. Assistant Surgeon. Sergeant-Major. Second Sergeant-Major. Orderly Sergeant. Commissary Sergeant. Hospital Steward. Sergeant Standard-Bearer. Drum-Major. (i) Elected in the Field, July, 1863. COMPANY A. Names. Otis, James, . Fuller, George, Franklin, Lindley M. Schenck, Abraham H. Goldschmidt, George B. Wingate, George W. Homans, Edward C. Rank. Captain (i). Captain (2). Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Second " Third " (3). Fourth ' ' (i) Elected Major, July, 1862. y (2) Promoted from First Lieutenant, July, 1862. (3) Elected Sergeant, June 23, 18^3. 637 ■638 Ibistorg of tbe ti;wentB=S6Con& TRegiment. COMPANY K.— Continued. DuBois, William A. Fuller, Charles D. Bussing, John S., Jr., Carpenter, William L. Otis, Frank A. Kennedy, Edward J. Raime, William R. . Adriaiice, William J. Boland, Charles E. Budden, Thomas, Betts, Charles E. Burchall, William H. Bird, Howard, Bergman, Augustus H. Bartholemew, Hugo, Cozzens, William D. Christophers, T. V. J ■Cunningham, Edward H. Cunningham, Ezra M. Comes, Daniel D. Canning, John W. Colies, George W. Deere, William, Davis, George T. Duff, Alfred, . Dubois, Matthew B. Dumont, John L. Davies, William G. Davies, Tulien T. Franklin, James S. Names. Remmey, Wm. W. Allen, Aaron C. Camp, John T. Cullen, Thos. H. Pearsall, Marvin R. First Corporal. Second " Third " Fourth " Fifth Drummer. PRIVATES. Ford, John G. S. Greenough, Daniel J. Gwynne, David E. Hyatt, Charles E. Hadly, William E. Hooker, William A. Jones, Bradford, Lowerre, Frederick H. Murray, James J. Nicholas, Edwin, Posten, George, Randolph, John, Raimon, William H. Stiles, Frank G. Sanglier, Thomas F. Slocum, John J. Stickelman, William P. Simpson, Joshua H. Verplank, Robert N. Youngs, William G. Youngs, George, Youngs, Williams, COMPANY B. Rank. Captain (i). First Lieutenant (2). (3). First Sergeant (4). Second Sergeant. fi) Elected June 27, 1863. (2) Resigned. (3) Elected June 27, 1863. (4) Promoted from Third Sergeant June 27. "IbistorB of tbc Ii;wcntB«S6Con& IRegimcnt. 639 COMPANY B.— Continued. ■Carr, Thos. A. Third Sergeant (5). Edwards, John D. Fourth " (5). Halcott, Chas. L. Fifth (5). Collins, Edwin B. . First Corporal (5). Anderson, Isaac, Second " (5). Murray, Edwin B. Third (5). Adriance, Thos. B. Fourth (5). Marx, J. H. . Fifth (5). De Mott, Chas. Drummer. (5) Promoted June 27. PRIVATES. Anderson, J. McB. Gallaway, George, Abbott, Robert, HiUyer, C. V. Albro, Chas. Haney, J. C. Ahlborn, H. C. Heath, E. A. Allee, Daniel, Hubbell, H. B. Bridge, J. D. Hendrickson, G. R Blakley, John, Jennings, W. T. Bogart, Wm. H. King, Jno. M. Bell, Jas. P. Kearney, Frank, Bennie.Wm. Lathrop, J C. BuUees, A. Lent, J. B. Bradbrook, G. G. Morris, Rich. Carroll, John, Meehon, John, Case, G. W. McKenna, James, Cooper, George, McMurtray, John, •Chamberlin, Wm. H. Middleton, John, Chamberlin, Joseph, Metzgar, George, Clark, Chas. Morton, J. W. Camerden, C. C. Nestell, J. J, ■Cornell, William, Owens, H. Clayton, W. D. Overton, E. A. Crammatt, H. E. Pringle, J. W. Duncan, H. E. Park, A. J. Deveau, A. F. Park, B. F. Durbrow, G. W. Ryan, Daniel, Farnum, O. J. Reineker, George W. Fleming, J. S. Regan, T. A. Furber, George, Stewart, W. P. Fisher, J. B. Scudder, M. Fulmer, G. W. Stubbings, John, Fanning, W. F. Spicer, James, France, R. G. Smith, Samuel, 640 Ibistorg of tbe SwetttBsSecond IRcgiment. COMPANY "&.— Continued. Small, James, Stapleton, E. J. Thompson, E. Todd, A. U. Van Emburgh, C. L. Wilson, J. F. White, A. Walker, L. W. Weeks, F. E. Woodhouse, F. A. COMPANY C. Names Post, George B. Palmer, John H. Tate, Thomas, Jr. Brownell, J. Augustus, Pardou, Robert, Jr. . Adams, Axel S. Lemist, Haswell T. Vought, Edward M. Topping, Charles D. Sturgis, William, Forrest, Robert, Carlton, Frederick H. Keil^y, Patrick H. . Rank. Captain. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant, Second " Third Fourth " Fifth First Corporal. Second ' ' Third Fourth Drummer. Avery, Edward T. Arthur, Edwin, Aldis, Chas. J. Campiou, John T. Conklin, Henry T. Calverson, Joseph, Connor, David, Carolin, John A. Carmody, Arthur F. Dunlap, Oscar C. Finn, Daniel, Gray, Charles M. Gerow, William H. Hamlin, Henry H. Herrick, James K. Hays, Gilbert F. Hetherton, James, Holland, George W. Hammond, A. W. Holland, Benj. F. Kipling, Richard, Jr. Kent, Edward H. B. Maddocks, George, Miller, John, Maroney, Thomas, McKeever, Patrick, Moloney, Wm. H. Neefus, Willie C. Oakley, Gilbert, Pearce, George W. Phillips, A. Melville, Ross, George W. Schaffer, Addison, Silber, Frederick A. Schuman, Frank C. Schoonmaker, Henry Somers, Charles, Shore, Albert, Smith, Joseph, Stackpole, Robert, fbtatorg of tbe trwentB=Secon& IReglment. 641 COMPANY C — Continued. Taylor, Wm. M. Taylor, James F. Thayer, Henry W. Vinton, Isaac D. Van Dyke, Marinus H. Watson, Samuel C. Whitehouse, Wm. J. Wilson, Francis F. Wood, William, Wilson, Charles, Waterbury, Joseph P. COMPANY D. Names. Thornell, Thomas L. Baldwin, Jos. T. Smith, Isaac, Anderson, Wm. A. Smith, Samuel M. Geer, Frederick M. Chapin, George C. Freeland, Theodore H. Wilson, John W. Carr, John S. . Denman, Wm. M. Reading, James A. . Smith, Edward A. Meyers, Frederick, . Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Second " Third Fourth Fifth First Corporal. Second " Third Fourth " Fifth Drummer. PRIVATES. Ayling, Thomas, Jr. Adams, William, Bates, Joseph, Berrian, Andrew J., Jr. Bogert, Orrin S. Brewster, Frederick W Betts, William, Curtis, John H. Carleton, Isaac, Concklin, Charles C. Deen, Scott, Doughty, James D. Dodd, George, Dodd, Charles, Farrington, John J., Jr. Ferris, George, Forbes, Philip, Gamble, John, Jr. Gaynor, James, Geer, George W. (i). Hutchler, Richard V. Hughes, James F. Kip, Henry, . Kissam, Joseph H. Kenny, John H. McNab, William F. Morrissey, Patrick H. Manchester, James T. McDade, George, Proper, Isaac, (2). (i) Did good service with the Company from Juns 18, 1863, to July 2, 1863, at which time he left the Company with consent of the Colonel. (2) Not mustered in on account of disability. 542 Ibistors of tbe c:wentB=Secon5 IRegimcnt. COMPANY D. — Continued. Palmer, Carleton, Sherwood, Francis P Pierson, James, Terhune, James A. Raynor, Chas. H. Thornton, John. Smith, Edmund, Vangil: son, Wm. M. COMPANY E. Names. Rank Wilsey, John N. Captain, Hoyt, Wm. H. First Lieutenant, Davis, George W. P. Second Lieutenant, Sammond, Thomas J. First Sergeant. Clarke, Cornelius H. Second Conner, Ezra S. Third De Mille, Peter E. Fourth Clapp, George A. First Corporal Newell, Zenas E. Second Leggett, William, Third Griffith, John H. Fourth Lowe, Michael J. Color Gock, John F. " " Storms, William K. Drummer. Miller, Theodore, '■ PRIVATES. Atwood, Noah L. Brown, Robert T. C. Broas, Henry Clay, Broas. James H. Babcock, Oscar, Clague, William, Carlisle, Thomas S. Cox, James A. Dick, Enoch, De Witt, Harvey, Dogherty, William, Delamontaigne, George, Dugan, Marcus J. Denike, Robert R. Fitch, James H. A. Gilson, Edward A. Hibbard, Davis W. Huth, Christian C. Jones, Edward, Jarvis, William H. Jennison, William H. Kanski, Hippolyte C. Lathrop, Enos M. Knox, Theodore H Lyon, Isadore, Mallory, Edward, McCormick, Thomas, Morris, John O. Mitchell, Robert, Navens, Thomas J. Ogden, William B. Pelham, Thomas M. Quick, William, Randolph, John F. Richardson, William ^ Scheweyer, George, Turney, Augustus M. Tief, John P. Turner, Martin J. Ibistorg of tbe trweiitB=SeconO IRegiment. COMPANY r. 643 Names. Francis, A. N. Lawrence, Thomas, Clan Ranald, G. J. Dobbs, C. G. Bussell, E. Howell, C. T. Woolley, G. A. C. Bussell, G. F. Bussell, C. A. Inslee, J. H. P. Hall, P. M. . Hamilton, J. Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Second " Third Fourth " First Corporal. Second " Third Fourth " Drummer. Privates. Ayers, J. H. Bradt, F. R. Bunce, J. S. Brill, W. E. Brown, L D. Barnes, C. D. Bowyer, W. H, Bowen, F. J. Carpenter, J. H. Comfort, G. S. Conklin, L. A. Clinch, W. H. Clancy, J. Decker, J. E. Dunbar, H. Dunbar, J. A. Fahey, J. W. Friery, T. Farmer, J. Gamble, C. Gallagher, T. Hallock, W. F. Howell, A. Hunter, J. O. Hyatt, A. R. Jones, T. E. Jardhie, A. J. Little, H. F. Leonard, J. V. Lawrence, J. M Marr, J. Moore, W. J. Moody, F. G. Russell, R., Jr. Rowe, W. Schaible. H. Schaible, J., Jr. Shore, C. F. Simons, A. E. Smith, R. A. Spradt, H. N. Vandervoort, J. H Wear, E. L. Walter, L. White, J. Willets, C. H. 644 Ibistorg of tbc ^wentB=Secon£) IRcglment. COMPANY G. Names. Howland, Henry E. Soutter, William C. Brovver, John, Perkins, Thos. A. Baker, Dwight, Briggs, John, Berdan, Daniel W. Hyde, Frederick E. Comiskey, Thomas, Colgate, Bowles, Walker, James H. Gerrits, Morris, Allen, John C. Birch, Edward J. Burnett, William. Bradley, George W. Benjamin, Moses D. Clifford, Thomas B. Comstock, David A. Crowell, William L. Doane, Augustus Sidney Domm, Charles, De Luce, S. F. Dessoulawy, Jules. Earle, William C. Ennis, George H. Gardner, Daniel S. Hart, Peter. Hyde, Augustus L. Halsted, Charles S. Hubbard, John C. Jardine, Joseph P. Johnson, Francis T. Johnson, Seth R. Jarboe, Vernon. Jourdan, John M. Keil. George W. Kimball, Charles A. Kimball, William H. Latourette, Jos. R. , Jr. Lindemann, Henry W. Rank. Captain. First Lieutena.nt. First Sergeant. Second " Third Fourth Fifth First Corporal. Second " Third Fourth " Drummer. Privates. Lenchantin, Paul H. Merriga, Daniel, Montague, Henry, Marquette, Reuben, McCarthy, Florence L. Neel, Henry P. Noyes, Charles P. Peck, George W. Quackenbush, Lambert, Rankin, Robert G., Jr. Riddle, William Q. Robson, George, Schropp, John C. Sheppard, George, Silva, Theodore, Smith, Wilbur C. Smith, William C. Slover, Warren G. F. Snyder, Francis, Stoutenberg, William. Sturges, Edward B. Thompson, Jesse M. Vassar, Charles, Ward, Frederick B. Whyte, David C, Wanser, Horace, Wanser, Charles, Waterhouse, George IbtstocB of tbe c:weiitB=SeconJ) IRegtment. 645 COMPANY H. Names. Grant, Richard S. Edwards, Walter, Jr. Man, William, Post, W. H. B. Reid, Alex. F. Shelton, Wm. H. Babcock, Nichols H. Bulkley, Chas. J. Owen, Edward L. Atkinson, Jerome S. . Austin, John G. Robinson, Jas. A. McKee, Thos. J. Charlton, J. . Goff, James, Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant (i). Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant (2). (3). Second Sergeant Third Fourth ' ' (4). Fifth " (5). First Corporal (6). Second " Third Fourth Drummer. PRIV.4TES. Austin, Edmund H. Austin, Wm. M. Brown, Isaac K. Callihan, Wm. Chalmers, John C. Corrigan, Jas. K. Dey, Thos. E. Disbrow, Richard B. Duff, W. H. Fink, Austin T. Foster, Atherton, Foster, Geo. H. Flocton, W. F. Greenwood, Richard B. Hoadley, Tappan, Hurlburt, Henry A. W. Martin, Samuel, Moroney, John, McNulty, Andrew J. Paulding, Henry J. Ransom, J. C. B. Silliman, Jas. R. Sprole, John, Sanders, Henry, Smith, Alex, Throckmorton, B. W. Van Buren, Chas. T. Wallace, Wm. (7).. Wilkins, Geo. W. (i) Appointed June 21, Ordnance Officer on General Ewens' staff. (2) Appointed Second Assistant Surgeon. (3) Appointed June 25, vice Post promoted. (4) Appointed Fourth Sergeant, June 25. (5) Attached to Non-Commissioned staff as Left General Guide. (6) Appointed Corporal, June 25, and attached to Medical staff as Medical Cadet. (7) Detailed as Clerk at Erigade headquarters. 646 IbistorB of tbe trwentB=SeconD IRegiment. COMPANY I. Names. Rank. Gardiner, Asa Bird, Captain. Goodliff, Joseph P. Second Lieutenant (i). Mountfort, Joseph, First Sergeant (2). Newell, John N. Second " Godshalk, David J. Thiid Johnson, Edward, Fourth ' ' Davidson, Stratford P. Fifth White, Loring Q. Fitst Corporal. O'Donnell, Thomas F. Second " De Milt, Henry R. Third " Valentine, David, Fourth " Blunt, Nathan W. Fifth " (3). Horton, Daniel, Drummer. Kirk, Edwin R. " Brooks, Frederick W. Braden, Augustus, Berfian, Lawrence R. Cunningham, Saml. H. Coles, Andrew J. Carroll, William, Correy, George C. Dunning, Edward J., Jr. Ennever, William C. Davis, James, Francis, George, Foote, Lawrence, Gardner, George Norman, Goble, David, Hanna, Samuel, Hoyt, Harlow M. Lindsay, Alexander, Lutz, William E. Lichtenstein, Isaac M. Lyon, John C. Martin, Walter JL Mead, Augustus W. (4). PRIVATES. Murray, Thomas R. Macomb, George. (5). Moore, Eugene, Mott, Richard, Myers, Charles H. Mandeville, William S. McGovern, Thomas, Manheimer, Joseph S. McKay, John, O'Reilly, George J. Robinson, Graham, Reiley, Peter J. Sands, John S. Sullivan, George, Stearns, Stephen H. Tinsley, James H. Valentine, John C. Wells, Francis C. Whitemore, Sydney, Wilson, Samuel, Webster, ilaithew H. (i) First Sergeant from June 18 to June 24, promoted Second Lieutenant, June 24, and mus- tered in as such. (2) Appointed First Sergeant from June 24, 1863, mustered in as Sergeant. (3) Appointed Corporal, July 4, 1863. (4) On special detached service in New York City, pursuant to Regiment order of June 18, 1863. (£) On Regimental daily duty from June 18, Assistant Commissary. Ibistorg of tbe Xi;wentB=Sccon& IRegiment. 647 COMPANY K. Names. Roberts, Edgar A. Price, Thomas, White, Henry I. Rich, Edwin S. Kinkaid, Thomas, Sweeney, Charles. Minton, Charles H. Walters, William McM. Seely, George W. Dean, William H. Berrien, Theodore, Hunker, Philip, Vere, John H. Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Second " Third Fourth " First Corporal. Second " Third Fourth " Drummer. Alford, Charles C. Armstrong, Edward, Bone, John, Boglan, William, Boulware, Henry, Cade, John, Carey, Charles C. Donnelly, Augustus, Downing, Laurence, Dykes, John, Farley, Thomas, Flandrow, Caleb, Gallagher, Michael, McDermott, John, PRIVATES. McLane, John, Owens, James F. Paul, Frederick S. Plunkett, James E. Richardson, Hudson, Riley, Michael, Robbins, John M. Rosevelt, George W. Smith, John H. Smith, John S. Stratton, William W. Totten, William S. Trickey, Aaron, Names. HelmsmuUer, F. B. Rank. Bandmaster. Aman, Stephen, Bahls, Gustav, Beisheimer, John G. Casser, Constantine, Diez, Frederick, Gebhardt, August, MUSICI.^NS. Gebhardt, William, Goepel, August, Heimke, Louis, Haupt, Gustav, Hapsch, Edward, Kummer, Rudolph- 648 IbistorB of tbe xrwentB=SeconO 'Kegtment. UVSICIAT^S.— CuK/itiuea. Kaiser, Frederick, Haussler, Adolph, ' Herz, Charles, Muller, Carl, . Menz, Conrad, Morins, Nicholas, Nickle, Louis, Ostemeyer, Frederick, Rebhuhn, Jacob, Rumpler, Adalbert, Schmelz, Peter, Schloesser, Philip, Seibert, John, Winter, Emil, Washausen, Fritz, Whoff, Christian, Whorlnauch, Henry. APPENDIX I\/^. MEMBERS OF THE TWENTY-SECOND WHO SERVED IN THE FIELD IN OTHER REGIMENTS DURING THE WAR. The following is a list of the names of such of the Twenty second who enlisted in other organizations during the war of the rebellion as it has been possible to ascertain by inquiry and correspondence. Where it was stated that a certain member had been commissioned in a New York Volunteer Regiment the particulars were obtained from the Official Register of New York Volunteers and other official publicaiions. The records as to other States are too volu- minous to be examined. The list is known to be very imperfect but it is the best that could be made up. There are unquestionably very many more than those whose names are here given. FIELD AND STAFF. Llovd Aspinwai.l, Colonel. Served on Staff of General Burnside, commanding Army of Potomac during the Fredericksburgh Campaign as volunteer aid. J. Henderson Grant, Lieutenant Colonel. Served as Chief of Staff of General Ewen, during Pennsylvania Campaign, 1863. COMPANY A. Francis C. Brown, Private. On the return of the Twenty-second Regiment from Harper's Ferry, Va., was appointed Adjutant of a Regiment of N. Y. S. Vol. Cav., Colonel Henry E. Da vies, Jr., commanding, and was mustered into the U. S. Service, Nov- ember 5, 1862. The Regiment was shortly afterwards designated the 13th N. Y. S. Vol. Cav. On February 22, 1S64, was commissoned as Captain at Fairfax Court House, Va. In 1865, the 13th Regiment was consolidated with the i6th Regiment and called the 3d Provisional Regiment N. Y. S. Vol. Cav., and he was assigned to the command of Co. L. Commissioned Major by Brevet on March 13, 1865, and was mustered out of service at the end of the war, October, 1865, at Hart's Island. N. Y. Dxring the war he held the following positions : Post Adjutant at Sprague Barracks, Staten Island, N. Y. Acting Asst. Inspector General of the Cavalry Brigade, 22d Army Corps. Actmg Asst. Inspector General, Gam- 649 650 Ibistorg of tbe SwetitB=SeconO IRegiment. COMPANY X.— Continued. ble's Brigade, 22d Army Corps. Acting Asst. Inspecior General, Separate Brigade. 22d Army Corps. After the war he was appointed Major and A. A. General 4th Brigade, Nai. Guard State' Xew York on General Lloyd AspinWiU's Staff. OSC.A.R S. Manning, Private. Appointed Second Lieutenant I3ch N. Y. Heavy Artiller)-, December i, 1862, and transferred to 6th X. Y. Heavy Artillery ard afterwards Captain U. S. Infantry. Walter R. Marsh, Corporal. First Lieutenant 15th N. Y. Volunteers' Engineers, served in Army of Potomac, November 11, 1S62 tD November 13, 1864. Laid the Pontoon Bridge across the Rappahanock during the battle of Fredericksburgh. Geo. R. Martin, Private. Appointed U. S. Paymaster, July, 1862. Richard C. Ray, Private. After the return of the 22d Regiment from Harper's Ferry in 1862, joined the Staff of General Schuyler Hamilton as Aid-de-Camp with the rank of Lieutenant. Died in service at Nashville, 1863. Cyrus A. Roberts, Private. Appointed Sergeant Major 150th N. Y. Infantry, May 28, 1862, promoted Second Lieutenant February 13, 1863, promoted First Lieutenant, January i, 1865, brevetted .Major March 13, honorably mustered out, June 8. Appointed Captain and Aid-de-Camp, June 22, honorably mustered out on December 7, 1865. Appointed Second Lieutenant 17th U. S. Infantry, May 11, 1866, First Lieutenant, September 18, 1867. Captain, June 28, 1S78. Brevetted First Lieutenant, March 2, 1867, for gallant and meritorious services at Battle of Winchester, Va., September 22, 1864. Brevetted Captain for gallant conduct, March 13, 1865. Robert M. Verplank, Private. Appointed Second Lieutenant U. S. Colored Troops. Appointed Prevost Mar- shal, 3d Division, i8th Corps. Promoted First Lieutenant, Januarv. 1865. and appointed on the Staff ot General Freeman E. Sevmour, commanding 3d Division, 6th Corps, Army of the Potomac. Brevetted for gallant and meritori- ous conduct, April 2, 1865, in front of Petersburgh. Charles A. Woolsey, Private. Appointed First Lieutenant 164th N. Y. Vol., served in Army of Potomac and appointed on General Meade's Staff. Brevetted, Captain August i, 1S64, for distinguished services. Ibistorg of tbe ttwent^sScconO IReglment. 651 COMPANY B. S. M. Long, Private. Enlisted in Comp. H, 72d Pa. Volunteers, wounded in Battle of Savage Station, prisoner at Libby and Belle Island. ToHN C. Lathrop, Private. Enlisted Troop D, First N. Y. Mounted Rifles, September, 1864, and served until close of war, 1865. Was General Butler's orderly at Dutch Gap. Jamks W. Morton, Private. Wounded in Carlisle, by shell. In 1863 enlisted as private in 25th N. Y. Cavalry, promoted to First Lieutenant and afterwards Captain of Troop L. Served under Generals Kil- patrick and Custer to close of war. COMPANY C. Charles A. Post, Sergeant. Elected Second Lieutenant Co. C, 22d Regiment, in field. Enlisted in Navy and served as Captain's Clerk in Florida. After the war served as Aid-de-Camp, on General Shaler's Staff, ist Division, N. Y., with rank of Major, afterwards Ordnance Officer with rank of Lieutenant Colonel. Axel Adams, Corporal. Enlisted in regular service, appointed Second Lieutenant, 2d U. S. Cavalry, May 3, 1863, promoted First Lieutenant, July 6, 1865, Captain, November 27, 1868, resigned, October 26, i86g. COMPANY D. Scott Dean, Private. Appointed Second Lieutenant, 42d N. Y. Volunteers, July, 1862. Robt. Fitzhugh Talmax, Private. Commissioned Second Lieutenant Co. C, 78th N. Y. Volunteers, assigned to Banks' Corps in West Va. and participated in Battle Cedar Mountain and Bristow Station, under Mansfield, at Antietam ; under Slocum, at Fredricks- burg, Chancellorville and Gettysburg. Transferred to Co. K., 14th N. Y. Heavy Artillery, December 20, 1863, as Second Lieutenant. Promoted to First Lieutenant, February 16, 1864. Captain, June 29, 1864. Joined Burnside's Corps at Wilderness, participated in that Battle, Noitham River, Spotsj'lvania and Cold Harbor, where received gunshot wound in 'right shoulder; went to Seminary Hos- pital, was furloughed 60 days, at expiration of which repotted at Annapolis and not being fit for the field was ordered to Draft Rendezvous, Hart's Island, N. Y. Harbor and assigned to command a Company of the permanent party, joined his Regiment in front of Petersburg, in January, 1865, after surrender Regiment garrisoned Fort around Washington and was mustered out August 5, 1865. 656 Ibistorg of tbe Xi:wcntB=Secon£) IRegiment. sustained heavy losses, owing to their position as the attacking party. A Con- federate captain, who participated in the assault, stated, after the surrender, that Longstreet's corps lost several hundred men in killed and wounded on this occasion. The Federal loss on Maryland Heights amounted to about seventy men. During the engagement, a raw regiment, the 126th N. Y., after losing a captain and lieutenant, and having thirty-nine men wounded, became disorgan- ized, their colonel being shot through the jaws. Colonel Ford immediately gave the order to retreat, and ordered Captain Magrath, of the 5th New York Artillery, to spike and destroy his magnificent battery of siege guns, which had always been regarded as the safeguard of Harper's Ferry. This was accord- ingly done, and the splendid cannon were dismounted and thrown down the hill. Several pieces of field artillery were simply spiked, and were recovered the following morning by the 3gth N. Y. Captain Acorn brought his howitzers and remaining ammunition down in good order. Soon after the retreat of the Federal forces, a slight artillery engagement took place at the railroad bridge, while a little later the rebels began to show themselves on Maryland Heights, and their sharpshooters commenced firing at a party of officers of the Twelfth, consisting of Surgeon Draper and Captain Ward, who had been on the Mary- land side during the artillery skirmish alluded to, and together with Lieu- tenant Blair, were coming up the hill from Harper's Ferry. Colonel War.d promptly threw a shell across the river into the midst of the rebels, which quickly scattered them. " Immediately before the direct investment of Harper's Ferry, a small party from Company " F, " of the Twelfth, under command of Captain Ward, had scouted for miles through Loudon Valley, and thoroughly examined the roads leading from the valley up to the summit, reporting to Captain Graham, of the artillery, that the enemy could easily drag guns up the main road and plant them on the heights so as to command Camp Hill, although the block houses had been burned. No attempt was made by Colonel Miles to defend Loudon Heights, and accordingly, on Sunday, September 14th, the enemy proceeded to plant batteries along the summit. Colonel Ward commenced a vigorous shell- ing of the position, and when the enemy's fire became so hot that the Federal gunners slackened their efforts, he repeatedly handled and fired the guns him- self — one of the shells striking a caisson, which exploded, throwing a gun out of place. A South Carolina regiment, who occupied this point, reported that sixteen men were killed and wounded by this explosion. At two o'clock P.M., the rebels, in spite of every effort, established their batteries on Loudon Heights ; and both from this point and from Maryland Heights, opened a brisk fire upon the camp of the Twelfth, the hospital and headquarters. The general bombardment that afternoon was very heavy, as the rebel artillery stationed on Loudon and Maryland Heights, and along Stonewall Jackson's line of battle in front of Bolivar Heights, directed a converging fire upon the Federal posi- tions, which was very destructive ; veterans, who had served through the Mexican war, said they had never seen such hot work ; and, to add to the sublimity of the occasion, the guns of the battle of South Moun- Ibistorg of tbe ttwentgsScconO IRegimcnt. 657 tain could at intervals be distinctly heard. * « * * * * After enduring the enemy's fire for several hours, the Twelfth were electrified, late on Sunday afternoon, by an order to proceed to the front. The regiment formed with the greatest promptness, the companies turning out with the following numbers ; Company " B ," 43 ; " C ," 60 ; " D ," 46 ; " E ," 55 ; "F," 76 ; " H," 57 ; " I," 60 ; " K," 60 ; Total, 457. As Colonel Ward commanded the 4th Brigade, Lieut. Col. Satterlee conducted the regiment through Bolivar, and marching up the heights, reached the Federal line a little to the right of its centre. The Union forces stretched from a lunette, on the extremity of the heights directly above the Potomac, to a bastion on the right of the Charles- town road. The left of the line was threatened by the enemy, and General White, commanding Bolivar Heights, had sent a messenger to Col. Ward, requiring him to forward a regiment to the assistance of his troops, as they were hard pressed. On arriving at the crest of the heights, the Twelfth marched on steadily towards the left bastion, until they were within easy mus- ket range of a Confederate brigade, which lay a little below them in ambush, supported by six pieces of artillery. The rebels at this time had outflanked the left of the Federal line, and gained possession of the part of Bolivar Heights between the Shenandoah and a point near the Charlestown road. As the Twelfth advanced, the enemy in the ravine below reserved their fire, ex- pecting the regiment to march into the ambuscade, and intending to give them a hot reception. At this critical moment, however. Col. Miles' orderly rode up in haste, with orders for the command to return to their camp. They had been sent without Col. Miles' knowledge, and he evinced great displeasure when in- formed that the Twelfth had gone to the front. However, the regiment returned in good order to Camp Ward, and prepared for another day's shelling. " That evening the cavalry at Harper's Ferry crossed the pontoon bridge, by permission of Col. Miles, and made their escape, capturing on their retreat the ammunition train of Longstreet's corps. Col. Miles allowed the cavalry to go, because he considered them useless for the defense of the place. The same evening orders were given to throw up traverses, for protection against the next day's shelling — it having been reported that additional Confederate batteries were being erected along the Potomac, on the lower ridges of Mary- land Heights. Late in the evening a charge of rebel horse caused the 126th, and different companies of the iiith N. Y. V., stationed on Bolivar Heights, to fire into each other, mistaking their comrades for rebels, and many lives were lost during this panic. In the morning Col. Ward opened fire on Lou- don Heights at daybreak, and the bombardment was resumed with vigor, when, at 7.30 A. M., Col. Miles, after consulting with General White, and Colonels Ford and D'Utassy, rode along the line, waving a white flag. The Federal batteries on Bolivar Heights immediately ceased firing, but the signal was not at first noticed from the position of the Twelfth, and the batteries at Camp Hill continued the engagement. In consequence, the rebels resumed the bom- bardment after the white flag was raised, and a shell from Loudon Heights struck Colonel Miles, wounding him in the groin. Orders were at once sent 658 Ibistors oi tbe Uwcnt^^Sccont) TRegiment. for the batteries to cease firing. General White then surrendered Harper's Ferry, officers retaining their swords and baggage, but the National colors were not lowered at the camp of the Twelfth until the batteries on Loudon Heights re-opened a direct fire upon them. "The loss in killed and wounded on the Federal side amounted to about five hundred men, the rebels sustaining much heavier losses, although they en- joyed immense advantages in position. Immediately after the surrender, Gen- eral Jackson's army occupied Bolivar Heights, and several Georgia and Tenn- essee regiments marched up to the Twelfth's position, the command being drawn up in line beside the road to receive them. They were a wild, fierce, ragged and dirty collection of men, and carried the redoubtable Stonewall Jackson's battle-flag, a red ground bearing a blue St. Andrew's cross, edged with white, which displayed thirteen stars on its arms. The South Carolina brigade, under command of Colonel Hamilton, occupied Camp Hill, and a guard of the Fourteenth Tennessee was placed over Camp Ward. The Twelfth marched up to Bolivar Heights, stacked their arms, and delivered them to General Gregg, who turned them over to a South Carolina regiment. They then faced about, marched back a hundred paces, and bivouacked in a field in sight of the line of muskets. On Monday evening, rolls of the different com- panies, written mostly on letter paper, were sent to the rebel commander, and the Federal troops were considered as paroled prisoners. " The garrison of Harper's Ferry, at the time of its capture, consisted of about eleven thousand men. ^^^.j^.^**** The attacking force numbered forty thousand, consisting of " Stonewall " Jackson's and Longstreet's corps. McLaw's and Anderson's divisions of Longstreel's corps occupied Maryland Heights, and Gen. Walker's brigade Loudon Heights, while Jackson's troops attacked from the direction of Charles- town. The night of the surrender, a part of the rebel forces marched through Harper's Ferry, Longstreel's corps crossing the pontoon bridge, and joining Jackson's army. The following morning the great majority of the Confederate troops had marched to Shepherdstown, where they crossed the Potomac, and re-inforced Lee at Antietam, »»»ii.«»»xjt ^r^FENDix: VI. OFFICERS AND MEiaBERS OF THE TWENTY-SECOND REGI- MENT PRESENT FOR DUTY DURING THE BUFFALO STRIKES, AUGUST 18 TO 27, 1892. FIELD AND STAFF. Jno. T. Camp, Wm. V. King, Franklin Bartlett,* Stephen F. Hart, Henry H. Treadwell, Wm. E. Haws, Jr. Jos. M. Smith, Homer Bostwick, M. E. Burnton, Bennett S. Beach, Wm. N. Dunnell, Rank. Colonel. Lieutenant-Colonel. Major. Adjutant. Acting Adjutant. Quartermaster. Commissary. Asst. Cora., First Lieut. Inspector Rifle Practice. Assistant Surgeon. Chaplain. NON-COMMISSIONED Names. Daniel J. Murphy, Fred. D. Britton, Samuel M. Phillips, Celestin S. Wehrle, Geo. B. Benedict, W. L. Borstleman, A. Wilkinson, R. J. Secor, . STAFF. Rank. Sergeant-Major. Quartermaster-Sergeant. Orderly Sergeant. Commissary Sergeant. Hospital Steward. Color Bearer. General Guide. Names. William E. Pierce, James P. Kentworthy, William H. Alley, . COMPANY A. Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. * Captains Geo. E. B. Hart and Geo. F. Demarest also acted as Majors. 6S9 66o IbistocB of tbe tTwentB^SeconO IRcgiment. COMPANY A.— Continued. Edward M. Cummings, James J. Condon, Harry C. Vance, William H. GilfiUan, James H. Mulligan, Floyd Walker, Edward J. Sheridan, James Alley, . Charles Leibnitz, Frank E. De Mott, William H. Hatton, First Sergeant. Sergeant. Corporal. Musician, PRIVATES. Alley, Dickson D. Alley, Walter S. Bord, Charles J. Brunt, Joseph W. Churchill, Edward J. Conklin, Elwood C. Conk. in, Harry L. Clements, James, Cottrell, Arthur E. Donovan, Jeremiah F. Duderstadt, Charles, Doherty, Edward T. Earle, John E. Fo.x, Edward F. Giroux, Edward, Garden, Harry L. Higgins, James G. Hampton, John M. Heinig, George W. Lynch, William F. Mood, Abraham V. O'Donnell, Frank, Pidgeo.i, Arthur J. Porter, William B. Shinn, Charles, Seerey, James, Umfrid, Frederick, Wilson, Frank, Waite, William, Wolf, George, Zilm, Harry. COMPANY B. Names. Wm. J. Maidhoff, Harry H. Treadwell, John H. Wightman, Clement F. Kross, Emil M. Bunsman, Frederick C. Ringer, John H. Little, Joseph. Unger, Wm. B. Treadwell, Montague T. Simpson, Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant (i). Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Second Sergeant. Sergeant. Corporal. Ibistorg of tbe iIwentBsSecon6 IRegiment. 66i Russell R. Dana, Frederick E. Sitts, Robert C. Quackenbush, William Hille, George H. Wolford, COMPANY B.— Continued. Corporal. Musician. PRIVATES. Aeschimann, Charles A. Becker, Edward G. Bateman, Wm. I. Benson, Richard J. Bruner, Elwood, Barwick, Wm. A. Brewer, Frank L. Carr, Thomas, Delvalle, Benjamin, Day, James R. Foster, Winfred C. Gordon, James R. George, Henry W. Gaylord, Ernest T. Gray, Wm. H. Houston, John D. Haubold, R. O. Haubold, E. F. Howe, Chas. W., Jr. Honeck, John G. W. King, Willard V. Laurence, Fred. S. Lockman, Myron A McCurdy, Daniel, Miller John, Martyn, Grenville E. Moe, Peter W. McLaughlin, Wm. T. Osborn, Chester W. Rifflard, H. Emile, Rilling, Chas. F., Jr. Richter, Frank, Roberts, Alfred, Jr. Roberts, William, Sullivan, John J Swinnerton, James A. Shrive, William, Wintringham, Sidney M. Walker, James C. COMPANY C. John G. R. Lilliendahl, Malcolm C. Murray, Charles Asten, John C. Lawrence, Theo. W. Faurot, Harvey Garrison, William S. Conrow, George A. Plumb, William F. Albers, Benj. P. Ronzone, Ernest CoUver, Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Quartermaster Sergeant. Sergeant. Corporal. (i) Acting Adjutant with Major Bartlett's batallion. 662 IfeistorB of tbe Xlwent^sSeccmi) IRegiment, ■COMPANY C— Continued. Chas. Harrison, John F. Kohler, Duncan M. Davidson, Clarence W. Mase, Frank E. Goodale, John H. Raynor, Fredk. H. Haley, Corporal. Musician. Anderson, Chas. V. N. Albers, Fredk. J. Billings, Henry E. Billings, Arthur J. Berthop, John W. Casey, Richard F. Cameron, Andrew J. Collins, George G. Colgan, John A. Coriell, Raymond McD. Dowling. Robert E. Dinsmoor, John L. Dunn, John J. Davis, Richard N. Downes, Saml. DeLisser, Henry N. Flake, Selin E. Flinn, Arthur J, Garidel, Henry J. Hunt, George I. Hoffman, Jacob A. Heame, John F. Hyde, W. Douglas, Keeley, Ulysses G. Kopp, John P, Kirkham, George A. LaPelly, Ernest D. G. Lee, St. George J. M. Lynch, James J. Lutz, Jacob F. McDermott, John W. Macdonald, Chas. E. Metsger, Abraham J. Niebuhr, William H. Owen, Alfred W. Fletcher, Frank, Pelletier, Sam'l H. Potter, Harry J. Roedell, Randolph H. Rothschild, Ernest E. Rowland, William S. Roach, William T. Roach, Fredk. B. Rover, Harry C. Spaulding, John C. Strong, Fredk. W Sylvester, Lewis J. Schwarz, Frank F. Schley, Robert H. Schening, Chas. Stubbe, Fredk. H. Schwarte, Jurgen H; Sands, George M. Seeley, Fredk. E. Schneider, George I Udell, John A. Vreeland, Robt. H. Wysard, Paul A. Warren, Irving T, Wood, Harry, Ibistorg of tbe ttwentgsSeconD IRcgimcnt. 663 COMPANY D. Name. William H. Cortelyou, James A. Bell, Frank M. Anderson, J. J. Mura, H. S. Bush, . Albert Chellborg, Donald Campbell, R. G. Butler, J. J. Kennedy, G. T. Higgons, R. F. Shea, S. S. O'Connor, P. E. Revielle, Saml. Putnam, Jr. P. F. McCabe, Paul Joyc6, . E. M. Edwards, Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Quartermaster-Sergeant. Sergeant. Corporal. Musician. Angell, C. L. Bonner, W. J, Boneer, R. T. Burtis, Walter, Bothner, F. J. Cannon, T. P. Collins, C. F. Creene, J. E. Campora, Louis, Clark, Jno., Jr. Corkill, J. J., Jr. Farley, Eugene, Geary, Wra. H. Geary, David, Graham, T. F. Gauly, D. W. Germunder, O. A. Hougland, W. H. P. Haywood, E. E. Imnan, F. M. Johnson, E. D. Ketchum, J. B. Lahr, Geo., Jr. Langford, J. W. Moon, J. H. McAllister, Jas., Jr. Middlemas, R. S. Massarene, W. G. Montgomery, W. R. McElroy, Jno. Nanheim, Saml. O'TooIe, Wm. Pasco, W. H. Parry, J. H. Pages, G. A. J. Poggenberg, G. L. Rorhabeck, W. C. Smith, F. S. Smith, D. N. Stowell, H. B. Shea, S. D. Starwood, David, Tallman, G. P. Thompson, H. S. Wallace, W. H. 664 Ibiatorg of tbe CwcntgsSeconD IRegimcnt. COMPANY E. Name. N. B. Thurstoxi, J. A. Quigley, W. B, Hotchkin, M. M. Miles, J. A. Gillies, J. C. Kane, J. A. Moore, Alfred Halliday, Bloomfield Ushei. S. R. Mackey, W. A. Kenney, T. R. Perharn, Fred'k Vogel, Jr. J. L. Conway, Herman Notbohm, W. T. Watson, L. A. Bourdonnay, J. A. Draper, Rank. Captain, First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Quartermaster-Sergeant. Sergeant. Corporal. Musician. PRIVATES. Asten, R. L. Armstrong, J. E. Babbitt, H. M. Bortle, W. E. Cleveland, J. R. , J; Cobb, C. L. Coggswell, W. D. Drake, F. G. Doubleday, N. B. Durland, Garrett, Du Bois, S. P., Jr. Evans, A. M. Farrell, J. F. Finn, T. J. Franz, D. R. Gaige, W. D. Gerken, J. G. Green, Barton, Gueniter, H. C. Greenison, N. J, Hahn, G. H. Hammond, Frank, E. Hammerstein, Harry, Hanson, C. P. Herz, Wm. Hjertberg, E. W. Hjertberg, Herman, Hoffman, R. G., Jr. Hopcraft, G. D. Howser, F. P. Kane, F. K., Jr. Kelly, J. J. Lewis, A. L Lomax, C. H. Lozier, Frank, Mahon, W. A. Marren, Wm. Maralions, N. G. Macdonald, J. J. McGowan, Wm. MacNichol, Jno. Merchant, C. D. Mingey, L. P. Niver, F. M. Ibistorg of tbe ttwcntB=ScconO IRegimcnt. 665 COMPANY Y,.— Continued. O'Brien, T. F. O'Hara, Jas. O'Neill, C. A. Phillips, G. L. Praeger, Semon, Price, Vincent, Puffer, F. C. Race, F. W. Rutledge, Richd. Ruby, C. W. Rechlin, A. G. Schmalholz, E. B. Schuff, E. J. Schwabeland, Christian, Seitz, Jno. Sliney, F. F. Spence, H. L. Stampfer, Oswold, Stendecke, R. A. Sternberger, H. S. Sullivan, P. V. Tebbitts, W. F. Tonsuhden, W. H. Wesley, J. E. Walsh, J. C. Warren, A. W. Waterman, W. J. White, W. H. Woehr, Emil, Wright, J. M. Zust, H. K. COMPANY F. Names. William B. Smith, Walter S. Bennett, David Lowenbein, Joseph A. Turney, Edward H. Hayes, Frank A. Kramer, Leonce F. Du Bois, Charles R. Disbrow, Henry Alten, Jr. Alden A. Russell, Malcom MacGregor, Arthur B. Hudson, . William A. Callaghan, Frank C. White, Jeremiah E. Burke, James O'Keeffe, Charles C. Van Ronk, Charles Wannemacher, Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Quartermaster-Sergeant. Sergeant. Corporal. Musician. Aspinall, Arthur A. L. Burns, Charles H. Bettman, Mortimer A. PRIVATES. Bagley, Louis L. Bryant, Harry B. Brown, John S. 666 IbistorB of tbe Cwent2«Scconi> 'Kegimeiit. COMPANY Y .—Continued. Browne, Harry E. Brown, George A. Campion, Thos. C. Cooper, George A. Cherry, James R. S. Cherry, Alphonsus P. Cooey, Samuel, Case. Charles H. Chatfie-M, Walter S. D'jnning, Charles A. Engels, Walter, Eschbach, Harry F. Eschbach, George F. Food, Thomas J. Fagan, Nicholas G. Foster, William A. H. Fearon, James B. GanzenmuUer, George, Hathaway, Alfred S. Hall, Benjamin F. Jones, Eben P. King, Mark J. Lewis, Arthur M. Lamb, James B. Mayer, Harry C. MacLea, Robert K. Moore, Arthur L. Mitchell, Gregor, Murphy, Edmund F. Miller, Louis A. Mortimer, Edwin M. Newsome, James, Peterson, Julius, Peters, George E., Jr. Robbins, Rtchard H. Roberts, Thomas E. Sherwood, Louis J. Strouse, Nel, Stallman, Frederick L. Sturges, Charles W. Taylor, Franklin M. Terhune, Charles H. Tate, Alanson B. Tate, Elmer M. Ulrich, Louis A. Virgil, Charles S. Whalen, Martin J. Wetzel, George, Wevill, Richard H. Wassman, George H. COMPANY G. Names. Geo. F. Demarest, Edwin W. Dayton, Sam'l F. Ball, Giles Rae, Louis F. Fetzer, Louis F. Buck, Robt. Byars, . Michael J. Spellman, John H. Beatty, Charles J. Villar, Alonzo Ward, Chas. J. Sohl. Rank. Captain, (i). First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Quartermaster-Sergeant. Sergeant. Corporal. Musician. (i) Captain Demarest was detailed as Major and G company was commanded by Lieutenant Dayton. Ibtstors of tbc ttwentgsSecona IRegiment. 667 COMPANY G.— Continued. Anness, Harry R. Burns, Peter F. Clark, Watson L. Conklin, Wm. D. Dibble, Chester W. Fleige, J. August, Fogarty, Wm. J. Georgiades, Edw. Gerhardt, Christian, Greville, Jos. J. Horton, John A. Lippman, Benj. Lynn, John T. Leissner, Geo. E. Mulgrew, Felix A. , Jr. Moss, Slazenger M. Miller, Gustave, O'Reilly, Wm. H. Palmer, W. F. Parks, Edwin J. Schaefer, Henry, Scowcroft, Wm. J. Struthers, Robt. W. Schopp, Otto, Slator, James J. Schuhman, Saml. Terry, John W. Taylor, John B. Ullrich, Edw. Wright, Wm, N. Wright, Geo. T. Wells, Van Vorst, Woods, Robert S. Walsh, John J. COMPANY H. Names. Wm. J. Hussey, Clifford C. Cassidy, Adolph E. Dick, Michael J. Howard, Frank Isherwood, John W. D. Meighan, Leonard L. Grotta, , George W. Buttle, David B. Calder, Fred. Meek, . William A. Hancock, Isaac E. Maguire, Joseph L. Gale, Samuel A. Mills, Joan W. Keena, John J. S. Hutton, Edwin A. Elcock, Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant, Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Quartermaster-Sergeant. Sergeant. Corporal. Musician. AUuisi, Joseph V. Ausburg, Alexander, Blauvelt, William H. Bosworth, Guernsey, 66S IbistotB of tbe trwentB=SeconO 'Regiment. COMPANY n.—Contimied. Broadhead, John L. E. Bunting, Robert B. Christiansen, Julius, Dailey, John F. Depierres, Victor B. DeSalazar, Charles M. DeSalazar, William E. Elmendorf, Albert R. Forrest, William T. Frey, Frederick W. Goepel, Arthur F. Goff, Eugene W. Grotta, Henry M. Hand, Thomas A. Holcomb, 'William F. Horan, George A. Judson, Frank S. Kerr, John W. Lincoln, Ezra W. Mills, Simpson L. Montgomery, Alexander W. McClintick, George W. Morrissey, George A Murphy, John G. Nowark, Emil A. Nowark, Joseph H. Pollock, George H. Potts, Harry T. Robbins, Edward H. Schcurer, John H. Shelley, Charles G. Tate, James H. Tate, Samuel R. Vidal, Austin, Walton, Charles O. Westervelt, Edward C. Whyte, Robert J. Wood, Charles D. Williams, Thomas R. Wilcox, Harry, Winans, Edward P. Young. William W. COMPAXY I. This Company was not in existence at this period. COMPAXY K. Xames. Geo. E. B. Hart, Robt. J. Daly, Robt. K. Meneeley. Benj. S. Hart, Wm. F. Forestal, Chas. F. Abbott, Wilbur F. Barber, P. J. Clinton, Robt. Thyne, Chas. Maclnness, Wm. V. Xegus, A. J. Stonehill, A. Cohen, J. O. Welling, I. T. B. Sumner, Rank. Captain (i). First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Quartermaster-Sergeant. Sergeant. Corporal. Musician. (i) Capt. Hart was detailed as Major, and Company K was commanded by Lieutenant Daly. Ibistorg of tbe ttwentB=Secon& IRcgimcnt. 66g COMPANY Y^.— Continued. PRIVATES. Adler, H. S. Ames, W. W. Abels, M. W. Ball, M. A. Bowles, A. A. Bailey, H. H. Castle, A. Cowan, H. W. DeLacey, Wm. Davis, C. R. Foresial, Wm. A. Goldman, M. M. Helmsky, A. Henriques, C. R. Henriques, H. P. Held, R. Held, J. Kern, E. K. Kirk, J. H. Koehler, E. H. Ligon, J. W. Meyer, D. Mora, E. Machesney, C. 1 Maclnness, D. Nash, G. E. Petosky, A. Pronick, L. Schiffer, G. L. Strauch, W. L. Strouse, C. Sylvester, Weed, F. W. Weinstock, M. Clancey, G. A. Wilson, R. J. ^PPEISTDIX V^II. OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE TWENTY-SECOND REGI- MENT PRESENT FOR DUTY DURING THE BROOKLYN STRIKE, JANUARY 20 TO 28, 1895. Names. Jno. T. Camp, Win. V. King, Franklin Barclett, George E. B. Hart, Stephen F. Hart, Harry H. Treadwell, Robert J. Daly, Wm. F. Carey, Jos. M. Smith, Maurice E. Burnton, Bennett S. Beach, George A. Tuttle, Harry E. Stafford. Jos. P. Jardine, Wm. N. Dunnell, FIELD AND STAFF. Rank. Colonel. Lieutenant-Colonel. Major. ' Adjutant. Quartermaster. Commissary. Inspector Rifle Practice. Surgeon. Asst. Surgeon. Captain (attached). Chaplain. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Names. Rpberi G. Butler, Samuel M. Phillips. Fred. D. Britton, Harry K. Zust, Edward J. Rice, Geo. 3. Benedict, Geo. W. Brown, Albert Wilkinson, Rank. Sergeant-Major. Quartermaster-Sergeant. Ordnance Sergeant. Commissary-Sergeant. Hospital Steward. Drum Major. Color Bearer. Names. James P. Ken worthy, Charles Stoddard, COMPANY A. Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant. Ibistorg of tbc tIwcntB=SeconO IRegfment, 671 COMPANY k.-Continued. Daniel J. Murphy, William H. Gilfillan, Dickson D. Alley, Edward J. Sheridan. William F. Lynch, Elwood Conklin, Joseph Brunt, Walter B. Porter, Harry Zilm, . James F. Court, Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Second Sergeant. Sergeant. Corporal. Ausburg, Alexander, Betts, Charles D. Clements, James, Conklin, Harry L. Cotterell, Arthur, Crawford, James, Hutchins, James, Hannan, James J. Hoffman, William, Lawrence, William, McDonnell, James J. McTiernan, Thomas, Marchbank, Walter S. Mood, Abraham V. Peck, John J. Pettitt, Gaylord, Redmond, William, Rinehart, Arthur, Reynolds, Charles, Seerey, James, Steiger, Augustus K. Williams, Frederick, Woods, Charles, Wehrman, William. COMPANY B. Names. Wm. J. Maidhof, Clement F. Kross, Frederick C. Ringer, Willard V. King, John H. Little, Montague T. Simpson, Wm. B. Treadwell, Robert C. Quackenbush. Chester Donaldson, . Elwood Bruner. 'William Roberts, Frank L. Brewer, Charles A. Aeschimann, Ernest T. Gaylord, William Hille, Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Sergeant. Corporal. Musician. 672 IbistorB of tbc ttwent8=Secon& IRegiment. COMPANY ^.—Continued. Bradley, George F. Bastine, Charles W. Carr, Thomas, Cone, William C. Delvalle, Benjamin, Day, James R. Foster, Winfred C. Gray, Wm. H. Georgi, Charles H. Gomez, Sabino T. Houston, John D. Hepper, Edward W. Honeck, John G. W. Hanft, Rudolph J. Hamilton, Louis A. Jacoby, Julio, Lockman, Myron A. Lienau, J. Henry, Lafayette, Fay M. McCurdy, Daniel, Moe, Peter W. Meert, Frederick W, Martyn, Grenville E. Montgomery, John S. Martin, Alexander F. Olmstead, Wm. T. Olmsted^, Frederick D. Paisley, Frank B. Plumb, Clarence H. Roberts, Alfred, Jr. Rilling, Charles F., Jr. Shrive, William, Swinnerton, James A. Serrell, Edward P. Scofield, Wm. H. Warwick, John. COMPANY C. Names. Malcolm C. Murray, Chas. E. Asten, Charles Harrison, John C. Lawrence, John J. Dunn, Harvey Garrison, William S. Conrow, William F. Albers, John F. Kohler, Clarence W. Mase, George I. Hunt, Frank E. Goodale, Albert H. Vreeland, Fredk. H. Stubbe, John F. Hearne, Richard N. Davis, John H. Raynor, George Keirmaier, Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Quartermaster-Sergeant. Sergeant, Corporal. Musician. •fcistotB of tbe ITwentBsSeconO IRegiment. 673 COMPANY C.-Continued. Albers, Fredk. J. Billings, Arthur J. Behr, Rot)ert, Burrows, Hurbert V. Coriell, Raymond McD. Conrow, Arthur, Cocoran, Jerome J. Cocoran, Patrick J. Casey, Richard F. Dinsmore, John L. Duncan, William G. Hoffman, Jacob A. Haslett, James S. Kirkham, George A King, Frank J. Lynch, James J. La Pelley, Ernest D. G. McDermott, John Y. McDermott, James E. Moest, William H. McAfee, Knox, Jr. McBride, Thomas J. Mahon, George F. Macdonald, Chas. E. Mackenzie, Chas. A. Niebuhr, William H. Potter, Harry J. Pletcher, Frank, Roach, Fredk. B. Ronzone, Benj. P. Seeley, Fredk. E. Schley, Robert H. Schvvarte, Jurgen H. Schneider, Geo. \. Stevenson, Robt. Stevens, Theodore F., Soavey, Robt. M. Tayler, Chas. H. Warren, Irving T. Wysard, Paul A. Wilson, Edison E. Young, Henry A. F. Young, Thomas U. Young, Herold E. W. COMPANY D. Names. W. H. Cortelyou, James A. Bell, F. M. Anderson, Albert Chellborg, J. J. Kennedy, Donald Campbell, G. T, Higgons, P. E. Revielle, Jno. McElroy, C. L. Angell, J. B. Ketcham. W. G. Massareue, David Geary, Jas. McAllister, Jr. Paul Joyfe, W. B. Love, Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Sergeant. Quartermaster-Sergeant. Corporal. Musician. 674 IblatorB ot tbe ?r\veiitB=Secon£) IRegtment. COMPANY Vl.— Continued. PRIVATES. Bonner, R. T. Bonner, W. J. Bedell, C. W. Barton, F. D. Burtis, Walter, Cannon, T. P. Cochran, W. J. Clark, Jno., Jr. Creene, J. E. Collins, C. F. Down, Saml. Fuller, R. S. C. Ford, A. O. Ford, CM. Geary, W. H. Gauley, D. W. Germunder, O. A. Haywood, E. E. Hartel, P. C. Ingram, E. W. Johnson, E. D. Knighi, E. L. Lahr, Geo., Jr. Middlemas, R. S. Meyers, Henry, Montgomery, W. R. Putnam, Saml., Jr. Parry, J. H. Pasco, W. H. Poggenberg, G. L. Shea, S. D. Schueler, Otto, Smith, D. N. Stanwood, David, Scully, J. J. Strohecker, E. A. Thompson, H. S. Wallace, W. H. Wilson, J. M. Wilson, W. S. Warburton, Fredk. Willard, E. M. COMPANY E. Names. N. B. Thurston, W. B. Hotchkin, M. M. Miles, Bloomfield Usher, J H Gillies, S. R. Mackay, W. A. Kenny, T. R. Perham, Herman Notbohm, W. T. Watson, Christian Schwabeland, Garrett Durland, F. F. Sliney, Vincent Price, J. J. Macdonald, J.J.Kelly, . N. B. Doubleday. Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Quartermaster-Sergeant. Sergeant. Corporal, Iblstore of tbe JTwentgaSecona IRegimcnt. (375 COMPANY E.- E. J. Schuff, . G. L. Phillips, H. L. Spence, F. K. Kane, Jr. L. A. Bourdonnay, -Continued. Lance Corporal. Musician. PRIVATES. Anderson, W. J. Annette, W. M. Armstrong, Alfred, Armstrong, J. E. E. Asten, R. L. Bennett, T. C. Bernholz, J. F. Bortle, W. E. Botjer, H. W. Brewer, C. A. Bannon, Michael, Barton, Edw. Bendix, A. J. Brennan, J. J. Carraichael, Alphonse, Chigoy, T. E. Clare, J. E. J. Cleveland, J. R., Jr. Cogswell, W. D. Dolan, P. F. Drake, F. G. DuBois, S. P., Jr. Drischler, Frank, Evans, A. M. Farrell, J. F. Franz, D. R. Green, Barton, Greene, J. H., Jr. Greenison, N. J. Hahn, G. H. Hally, M. J. Hanson, C. P. Hauptman, A. B. Hammerstein, Harry, Herz, Wm. Hjertberg, E. W. Hjertberg, Herman, Holland, J. W. Hollander, G. G. Herzig, G. W. Hopcraft, G. D. Ingram, R. J. Jones, W. W. Kenworthy, Jno. Knipe, W. E. Kiernan, B. F. J. King, H. J. Lewis, A. L Lomax, C. H. Lozier, Frank, Mahon, W. A. Marren, Wm. McGowan, Wm. MacNichol, Jno. Matthias, F. W. Murphy, J. J. McGraw, N. A. Noonan, W. F. Noll, E. J. Porter, W. C. Puffer, F. C. Paul, S. R. Rechlin, A. G. Redfern, A. H. Russell, C. E. Rutledge, Richard, Rohaut, Albert, Riehl, C. H. Sietz, Jno. Spear, Saml. Sullivan, P. V. Schwanemann, L. E. 676 Ibistorg of tbe Uwent^aScconD IRegimcnt. COMPANY Y^.— Continued. Thurston, C. D. Tonsuhden, W. H. Warren, A. W. Waterman, W. J. White. W. H. Woehr, Emil, Wentworth, W. B. Zielecke, E. G. COMPANY F. Names. William B. Smith, Walter S. Bennett, David Lowenbein, Joseph A. Turney, Edward H. Hayes, Charles R. Disbrow, Henry Alten, Jr. William A. Callaghan, Arthur B. Hudson, Frank C. White, Jeremiah E. Burke, James O'Keeffe, Harry C. Mayer, Thomas C. Campion, Alfred S. Hatheway, Arthur h. L. Aspinall. Charles C. Van Ronk, Charles Wannemacher, Walter M. Fernbach, Rank Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Quartermaster-Sergeant. Sergeant. Corporal. Musician. Detailed. Bettman, Mortimer A. Brown, John S. Browne, Harry E. Bernstein. Julius F. Beattie, William D. Cherry, James R. S. Cherry, Alphonsus P. Cooey, Samuel, Carter, William B. Dove, Harry C. Dorrance, George M., Engels, Walter, Eschbach, Harry F. Eschbach, George F. Eagan, John J Jr. Food, Thomas J. Foster, William A. H. Fender, George G. . Farry, Francis J. GanzemuUer, George, Hall, Benjamin F. Higgins, Joseph L Jones, Eben P. Kubler, Fred J. Kelley, George J. Lamb, James B. Levy, Robert S. Lee, James, Lindheim, Joseph, Livingston, Charles. IblstorB of tbe ttwentssSeconO IRegfment. 677 COMPANY '?.— Continued. Ludy, John A. Lloyd, Herbert J. MacLea, Robert K. McNamara, John F. Murphy, Edmund F. Miller, Louis A. Marsh, Wilbur T. Maloney, Michael J. Macdonald, Andrew A. Niver, Vincent L. Nachman, Joseph, Piirdy, Charles, Phillips, Lewis, Perrine, Lewis H. Names. Geo. F. Demarest, Edwin W; Dayton, Giles Rae, Louis F. Buck, John H. Beatty, Robt. Byars, Christian Gerhardt, Peter F. Burns, Edwin J. Parks, Van Vorst Wells, Henry Schaefer, Jos. J. Greville, Alonzo Ward, Chas. J. Sohl, Anness, Harry R. Corrigan, Wm. J Dibble, Chester W. Dick, James, Doyle, Gregory, Fleige, J. Aug. Fogarty, Wm. J. Horton, Thos. H., Jr. Heisletz, Rich. H. Hendrick, Foscolo O. Jardine, Edw. D. Kragel, Elmer E. Roberts, Thomas E. Riddell, George, Stallmann, Frederick L. Terhune, Charles H. Tate, Alanson B. Tate, Elbert M. Thomas, Andrew J. Trumm, Conrad, Von Sieghardt, Nax, Wevill, Richard H. Wassmann, George H. Wilson, Charles H. Watson, James G. COMPANY G. Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Quartermaster-Sergeant. Sergeant. Corporal. Musician. PRIVATES. Kirkland, Thos., Jr. Kyle, James O. Kyle, Wm. G. Mulgrew, Felix A., Jr. Moss, Slazenger M. Miller, Gustave, Moore, Alex. Palmer, Wm. J. Parkhurst, Geo. W. Slator, James J. Schuhman, Sam'l. Stephenson, Geo. W. 673 Ibiatorg of tbe ^wentesSeconO IReglment. COMPANY G. -Continued. Schopp, Otto, Sayles, J. Aug. ScMesinger, Arthur, Swainki, Albert, Terry, John W. Thacher, Wm. C. Ullrich, Edw. Villar, Victor A. Vela, Francis L. Woods, Robt. S. Walsh, John J. Wilford, Edgar M. COMPANY H. Names. Clifford C. Cassidy, . George W. McClintick, Frank Isherwood, Charles W. Hall, Thomas A. Hand, Julius Christianson, . Alexander W. Montgomery, Eugene W. Goff, Robert J. Whyte, Samuel R. Tate, Samuel J. Munroe, Franks. Judson, William E. Cheevers, Harry H. Cypher, George T. Oliver, Jacob Knight, AUuisi, Jos. V. Berger, Wm. G. Berwick, Edwin A. Bosworth, Guernsey, Bunting, Robert B. Byrne, Frank, Campion, James G. Coupe, Charles M. Crawford, William H. Dean, John J., Jr. Denham, Thomas A. Depierres, Victor B. Fredericks, John H, Goepel, Arthur F. Grotta, Henry M. Gleason, Jbhn F. Hearne, Frederick W. P. Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Quartermaster-Sergeant. Sergeant. Corporal. Musician. TRIVATES. Judge, Joseph W. Kerr, John W. Kurtz, William V. King, Edward S. Lincoln, Ezra W. Malone, Thomas J. McCarthy, Leonard D. McDonnell, Edward A. McGrath, Charles J. B. Murphy, John G. Power, William T. F. Pratte, Ernest A. Scheurer, John H. Vidal, Austin, Westervelt, Edward C. Wilcox, Harry, Wallace, John, IbistocB ot tbe ttwentssSeconO IRegiment. 679 COMPANY I. Names. Homer Bostwick, William H. Carter, Frank J. Stott, James B. Dudley, George H. Clark. Charles G. Moses, Arthur W. Rider, George H. Merritt, Henry G. Romaine, George J. Thompson, Ernest, CoUyer, William E. Cairns, Edward F. McGratty, George E. Love, James B. Cass, Rank. Captain. Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Sergeant. Quartermaster-Sergeant. Corporal. Musician. Barber, George, Cleveland, Henry E. Cuthbert, Thomas, Dyet, Albert H. Eller, Billings B. Fipix, George J. Frost, Willis E. Hammond, Wilber B. Hays, David S. Holmes, William A. Hughes, Bernard L. Jones, Joseph A. Maibrunn, John J. McCann, William E. McCann, Charles A. Mackey, William G. Odell, Isaac H. Roth, Leonard W. Riley, George H. Ruble, Alexander C. Seibert, Malcomb, Smith, Charles H. Sylvester, Alphonse A. Stuart, Montrose, Sargent, Harry B. Tallman, George A. Walker, Henry P. Wilkenning, William, Jr. WiUard. Percy W. COMPANY K. Name. J. Nelson Borland, Robt. K. Meneely, Chas. F. Abbott, Benj. S. Hart, Marcus A. Ball, Wilbur F. Barber, Rank. Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. First Sergeant. Quartermaster-Sergeant. Sergeant. 68o Ibistore of tbe (rwentgsSeconO iRegimem. COMPANY V^.—Continue 61 117 169 339 359 459 382 663, 673 634 678 60, 635, 640 666, 676 663 630 387 397. 401 638 663, 674 19 380 621 252 647 680 581 613, 670 641 642 20t 2og 628 640 675 397 401 622 640 640 623 630 • 631 643 Unftcj. 693 Carpenter, William L., mentioned Carr, John S., mentioned Carr, Thomas, mentioned Carr, Thomas A., mentioned Carraher, Christopher A., mentioned Carroll, John, mentioned Carroll, William, mentioned . Carter, William B., mentioned Carter, William H., mentioned Case, Charles H., mentioned . Case, G. W. , mentioned Casey, Richard F., mentioned Casey's Tactics (see Tactics). Cass, James B., mentioned Casser, Constantine, mentioned Cassidy, Clifford C, mentioned Castle, A., mentioned Castree, J. P., mentioned Cavalry in National Guard Disbanded, Cavalry, Trouble With, at Harper's Ferry, Cavetown, March to, . . . C, Company : First Officers and Armory, Strength of, April, 1862, Officers of, at Harper's Ferry, Strength of, at Harper's Ferry, . Officers of, elected at Harper's Ferry, Movements of, at Harper's Ferry, Drill Night, Selected by Lot, Officers in Pennsylvania Campaign, Strength of, in Pennsylvania Campaign, . Movements of, in Pennsylvania Campaign, Officers of, in Buffalo, Movements of, in Buffalo, Strength of, in Buffalo, Movements of, in Brooklyn, Officers of, in Brooklyn, . Strength of, in Brooklyn, . Strength of, at Annual Inspections, Officers of. Since Its Organization, Roll of, in Service, 1862, . Roll of, in Service, 1863, . War Veterans of, . Roll of, at Buffalo Riots, Roll of, at Brooklyn Riots, PAGE 626 638 629 641 661 672 627 639 630 639 646 676 581 , 623 679 666 639 662 673 679 647 516, 581, 622 667 678 669 680 383 452 65 308 10, 23 18 35 40 98 "7 141 155 156 175, iSo, 194 515 538, 552 514 578 581 584 608 617 628 640 651 661 672 694 fnDcj. Chalmers, John C, mentioned Chamberlain, Col. James, Chamberlain, Henry, mentioned Chamberlin, Joseph, mentioned Chamberlin, Wm. H., mentioned Chapin, Chas. A., mentioned Chapin, George C, mentioned Chaplains ; At Harper's Ferry, Portrait of Asst., at Camp Cox, List of regimental, Charlestown Cadets, mentioned Charlton, Henry J., mentioned Charlton, J., liientioned Chasseur Uniform, Chatfield, Walter S., mentioned Chaves, M. L., mentioned Chaves, R. L., mentioned Cheevers, William E., mentioned Chellborg, A., mentioned Cherry, Alphonsus P., mentioned Cherry, James R. S., mentioned Chesterman, Jas., mentioned Cleveland, Henry E. , mentioned Chichester, Henry L., mentioned Chickahominy, Wounded and Sick from, Chigoy, T. E., mentioned Chinn, Charles, mentioned Christiansen, Julius, mentioned Christopher, T. V. J., mentioned Church, Col. Wm. E., mentioned Churchill, Edward J., mentioned City Cadets, Clague, William, mentioned Clancey, G. A., mentioned Clancy, J., mentioned Clancy, Joseph, mentioned Clan Ranald, Geo. S., mentioned 386, 388, Clapp, George A., mentioned Clare, J. E. J., mentioned Clark, Charles, mentioned Clark, Charles, mentioned Clark, Cornelius H., mentioned Clark, Gen. Emmons, mentioned Clark, George H., mentioned . PAGE 645 254 629 639 639 629 629 641 95 177 614 437 616 645 375 666 680 680 678 613 663, 673 666, 676 666, 676 628 679 630 52 675 634 668^ 678 638 367. 370 660 i: ■ 14 631. 642 669, 600 643 632 390, 392, 394, 396, 619 620, 643 630, 642 675 631 f'39 630 347 444. 449 679 UnOej. 695 Clark, James W. , mentioned Clark, Jno. , Jr., mentioned Clark, Watson L. , mentioned . Clark, William A., mentioned . Clarke. Cornelius H., mentioned Clarke, William W., mentioned Clarkson, William Crosby, mentioned Class, Francis W. R., mentioned Clayton, W. D., mentioned Clements, James, mentioned . Cleveland, Gov. Grover, menti6ned Cleveland, J. R., Jr., mentioned Clifford, Thomas B., mentioned Clifton Rifle Range, Clinch, W. H., mentioned Clinton, P. J., mentioned Closson, Col. H. W., Report on 22d in Camp, iS Cobb, C. L., mentioned Cochran, W. J., mentioned Cocks, — , mentioned . Cocoran, Jerome J., mentioned Cocoran, Patrick J., mentioned Coggswell, W. D. , mentioned . Cohen, A., mentioned . Cole, William, mentioned Coles, Andrew J., mentioned Coles, Butler, mentioned Colfax, Albert B., mentioned Colgan, John A., mentioned Colgate, Wounded at Oyster Point, Colgate, Bowles, mentioned . Collins, C. F., mentioned Collins, Edward B., mentioned Collins, George G., mentioned CoUis, George W., mentioned . Collyer, Ernest, mentioned Colonels, list of, James Monroe, Lloyd Aspinwall, James F. Cox, George B. Post, William W. Remmey, Josiah Porter, John T. Camp, Colors, Presentation of, 621, 633 663, 674 667 631 642 635 633 . 627 • 639 660, 671 • 487 664, 675 • 644 395, 400 643 668, 680 • 465 664 • 674 397, 401 • 673 • 673 664, 675 668, 680 • 253 646 . 626 615, 616 662 • 194 633, 644 663, 674 627, 639 . 662 626, 638 661, 679 . 611 • 5 137 • 352 ■ 353 ■ 360 362 448 24. 350 6g6 1[n&ei. PAGE Coman, J. H., mentioned . ■ • 680 Comes, Daniel D., mentioned . . 627, 638 Comfort, G. S., mentioned . . 643 Comisky, Thomas, Wins Aspinwall Medal in 1868, . 251 Comisky, Thomas, mentioned . . 621, 633, 644 Commissary Department, at Baltimore, . . 46 In Pennsylvania, . igi, 192, 198, 205. 257, 270, 278, 297, 314 On march to Peekskill, . 474 At Buffalo, . . 511, 518, 521, 525, 547, 555, 564 At Brooklyn,. . . 576, 589 Commissaries, regimental, . . . 612 Committees on new Armory, . 485, 486, 487, 4S8 Companies : Organization of, . 5 First Drills of, . . . 9 First Orders of, . .10 Flank, proposed, . , 15 Independent, before the War, . 16 Strength of, April, 1862, ... . 18 Strength of, at Harper's Ferry, . . . 40 Springfield Rifles first Issued to Company I, . 36 Positions behind Fortifications at Harper's Ferry, 117, 119 Drill Nights of, selected by Lot, . . . 141 Strength of, in Pennsylvania, 156 At Camp Cox, . 175, 176, 178, 180 At Bridgeport, . 181, 182 At Sporting Hill, . 194, 195 On March to Carlisle, . . 201, 204, 219 At Carlisle, . 230, 236, 239, 243 In Drafi Riot, . . . 335 E and K disbanded in 1864, . . . 350 A and H win Prizes at Long Branch, . . 359 A and H introduce Aiming Drill and Candle Practice, 387 Strength of, at Buffalo, . 514 Strength of, in Brooklyn, . . 5B2 Strength of, at each Annual Inspection, . . 608 Comstock, David A., mentioned Concerts, Concklin, Charles C, mentioned Condon, James J., mentioned . Cone, William C, mentioned Congdon, mentioned Congdon, Jos. W., mentioned Conkey, Nathan G., mentioned Conklin, Elwood C, mentioned • 644 363, 435 . 647 . 660 672 . 501 618, 6lg . 630 660, 671 irn6e£. Conklin, Harry L., mentioned Conklin, Henry T., mentioned Conklin, John W., mentioned Conklin, L. A., mentioned Conklin, Wm. D., mentioned Conner, Chas. F., mentioned Conner, David, mentioned Conners, Martin, mentioned ' Connor, E. S., mentioned Conrow, Arthur, mentioned Conrow, William C, mentioned Conrow, William S. , mentioned Conway, J. L. , mentioned Cooey, Samuel, mentioned Cookey, Jno., mentioned Cooper, George, mentioned Cooper, Robert J. , mentioned . Cooper Shop, Phila., mentioned Coppee, Henry, mentioned Coriell, Raymond McD., mentioned Corkill, J. J., Jr., mentioned . Cornell, William L., mentioned Correy, George C, mentioned Corrigan, Jas. K;, mentioned Corrigan, Wm. J., mentioned Corry, Richard, mentioned Cortelyou, Wm. H., mentioned 515, 581 Cottrell, Arthur E. , mentioned Cottrell, Henry, mentioned Couch, Gen. Darius S.. Ordered to Command of Department of Susquehanna, . Reports Organization of its Defences, Numbers Volunteering, Communications with Secretary Stanton, With Gen. Hallock, . . 171, 177, With President Lincoln, . . . . With Gen. Wm. F. Smith, . 171, 172, 256, Orders to prepare to Burn Bridges over Susquehanna, . Reports Enemy at Carlisle and York Captured, Communications with Gen. Meade, 187, 256, Communications with Adj. -General Williams, Report of Prisoners taken by Smith's Division, Mentioned i68, 191, 197, 205, 227, 239, 246, 249, 255, Coupe, Charles M., mentioned PAGE 660, 671 . 640 632 • 643 667 616 640 627 12, 630, 642 673 . 661 672 664 66(1, 676 627 627, 639, 666 . 626 38, 39. 149 . 172 662, 673 663 635, 639 . 646 . 645 . 677 635 ,617 , 618, 663, 673 528, 660, 671 • 633 . 164 165 . 166 171, 177. 199 199. 200, 248, 256 171 275. 281, 283, 296 . 172 177 259, 275, 280, 285 282, 296 . 328 273, 274, 275, 286 294. 314. 317, 318 . 678 698 flnOcs. PAGE Court, James F., mentioned . . . 671 Courtis, Frank, mentioned . . . 630 Cowan, H. W., mentioned . . 669 Cowell, Joseph, mentioned . . 388 Cox, James A., mentioned . 642 Cox, James Farley : First Lieut. Co. A at its Organization, . 6 Elected Capt. Co. D in the Field, . . 37, 38, 96 Portrait of, at Harper's Ferry, . 97 Elected Major, . ... 137 Elected Lieut. -Col. . . 307 Assumes Command of Twenty-second, 344 Elected Colonel, 352 Characteristics of, . . 352 Mentioned . . on, 614, 617, 629, 637 Cox, Townsend, mentioned . 335, 617, 626 Coyle, Alex. F. , mentioned . . . 627 Cozzens, William D., mentioned . . . 638 Cramer, Henry, mentioned . 629 Crammatt, Henry, mentioned . 627, 639 Crane, John, mentioned , . 631 Crawford, James, mentioned . 671 Crawford, William H., mentioned . . 678 Creedmoor, success of 22d N. G. N. Y., at opening, , . 399 Crooke, Philips S., mentioned . . . 166, 167, 253 Crosby, Harmon R., mentioned . 633 Croskey, Jno., mentioned . . 627 Crowell, W. L., mentioned . 390, 644 Cryder, Duncan W., mentioned ... .6, 626 CuUen, Thomas C, mentioned 10, 440, 488, 489, 612, 613, 615, 616, 627, 638 Cummings, Edward M., mentioned . . . 660 Cunningham, E. A., wins Aspinwall medal in 1868, . 251 mentioned ... 615 Cunningham, Ezra M., mentioned . 638 Cunningham, Samuel, mentioned . . 635, 646 Cuppia, Henry A., mentioned . 620 Curran, Samuel, mentioned . . . 635 Curtin, Governor Andrew G. : Appeals to Gov. Seymour to forward troops to Harrisburgh, . 144. 147 Calls for 50,000 men . . 165, 166 mentioned . . . . . . 175 Curtiss, Edward, mentioned . . . 634 Curtis, John H., mentioned .... 641 Cuthbert, Thomas, mentioned . ... 679 Cutts, Elijah, mentioned ...... 631 ■fTnDej. Cypher, Harry H., mentioned Dailey, John F., mentioned. Dalton, Matthew M., mentioned Daly, Rob, J., mentioned Daly, Thos. M., mentioned Dana, Russell R. , mentioned Danzig, A., mentioned Darby, Wm. E. , mentioned Davidson, mentioned Davidson, Duncan M., mentioned Davidson, Stratford P., mentioned Davies, Judge Henry E., mentioned Davies, Julien T., mentioned . Davies, William G., mentioned Davies, Wm. R., mentioned Davis, C. R., mentioned Davis, Col., mentioned Davis, Geo, W. P., mentioned Davis, George T., mentioned . Davis, James, mentioned Davis, Richard N. , mentioned Davison, James, mentioned Day, James R., mentioned Dayton, Edward H., mentioned Dayton, Edwin W., mentioned Dean, Isaac, mentioned Dean, John J., Jr., mentioned . Dean, Wm. B., mentioned Dean, Wm. H., mentioned De Bow, Ellsworth R., mentioned Decker, J. E., mentioned Decker, Wm. N., mentioned . D, Company : Organized from N. Y. Banks, First Armory and Officers, Strength of, April, 1862, . Officers of, at Harper's Ferry, Strength of, at Harper's Ferry, Officers of. Elected at Harper's Ferry, Movements of, at Harper's Ferry, Drill Night, Selected by Lot, Officers of, in Pennsylvania Campaign, Strength of, in Pennsylvania Campaign, Movements of, in Pennsylvania Campaign Excursion to Boston in 1868, 699 PAGE . 678 668 . 635 516, 581, 612, 624, 668, 670 624 661 680 627 . 60 . 662 635, 646 271, 272 . 638 . 638 624 669, 680 . 120 . 155, 6ig, 630, 642 626, 638 . 646 662, 672 635 661, 672 . 632 516, 581, 621, 666, 677 . 612 . 678 632 • 647 . 618 643 . 632 . 10 II. 23 . 18 35 40 98 III, 121 141 155 156 178, 180, 194, 239 • 437 yoo fn&ej. Uniforms Burned, . Strength of, in Buffalo, Officers of, in Buffalo, Movements of, in Buffalo, Movements of, in Brooklyn, Officers of, in Brooklyn, . Strength of, in Brooklyn, Strength of, at Annual Inspections, Officers of. Since Its Organization, Roll of, in Service, 1862, . Roll of, in Service, 1863, War Veterans of, . Roll of, at Buffalo Riots. Roll of, at Brooklyn Riots, Deen, Scott, mentioned De Emts, Clifford M., mentioned Deere, William, mentioned Deery, Charles, mentioned De Lacey, Wm., mentioned Delamontaigne, George, mentioned De Lancy, Charles E. , mentioned De Lisser, Henry N., mentioned De Luce, S. F. , mentioned Delvalle, Benjamin, mentioned Demarest, Daniel, mentioned . Demarest, Geo. F., mentioned 488, 516, 581, 612, Demarest, John J., mentioned . De Mille, Peter E., mentioned . De Milt, H. R., mentioned Demke, Robert R. , mentioned De Mott, Chas. , mentioned De Mott, Clifford M., mentioned De Mott, Frank E., mentioned Denham, Thomas A., mentioned Denman, Richard H., mentioned Denman, Wm. M., mentioned Denning, Henry C, mentioned Denny, Thomas, Assists in Organizing Union Grays, Denton, Richard M., mentioned Denvalle, Benjamin, mentioned Depeyster, Beekman, mentioned Depiferres, Victor B., mentioned De Salazar, Charles M., mentioned De Salazar, William E., mentioned Des Louislaroy, Henri, mentioned PAGE . 483 • 514 515 539 ■ 57S 581 584 608 617 629 641 . 651 663 • 673 629 641 48S . 638 631 669 . 642 60, 635 662 • 644 661 535 4, 615 620, 666, 677 629 631, 642 618, 646 642 627, 639 617, 620, 621 660 678 629 629, 641 626 1, 2, 13 . 631 . 672 626 668, 678 , . 668 . 668 . 629 ITnDej. Des Louislaroy, Jules, mentioned Deveau, A. F., mentioned Develin, John E. , Presents Colors to Regiment, Dewey, Sturgis, mentioned De Witt, Harvey, mentioned Dey, Thos. E., mentioned Dibble, Chester W., mentioned Dick, Adolph E., mentioned Dick, Benj., mentioned Dick, E. , mentioned Dick, James, mentioned Diez, Frederick, mentioned Dinsmoor, John L.. mentioned Disbrow, Richard B. , mentioned Discipline, Want Of, in Old Militia, . Difference Between N. G. and Vols., in Regard to Want Of, in Pennsylvania Emergency Men, Dix, Maj.-Gen. John A., Receives Regiment at Baltimore, Serenaded By It, Complimentary Order to, Dixon, Henry C, mentioned Doane, Augustus Sidney, mentioned Dobbs, Chas. G., mentioned Dodd, Charles, mentioned Dodd, George, mentioned Dodge, William E., Jr., mentioned Dodworth, mentioned . Doherty, Edward T., mentioned Dolan, P. F., mentioned Donaldson, Chester, mentioned Donnell, S. J., mentioned Donom, Charles, mentioned Donnelly, Augustus, mentioned Donovan, Jeremiah F., mentioned Dorrance, George M., Jr., mentioned Doty, David R., mentioned Doubleday, N. B., mentioned v Doubleday, Genl. Ulysses, mentioned Dougherty, James, mentioned Douglas, Capt., mentioned Douglas, George, mentioned Doughty, Isaac L., mentioned Doughty, James F., mentioned Doun, Saml., mentioned Dove, Harry C, mentioned 701 PAGE • 633, 644 639 350 628 642 645 667, 677 516, 617 623, 667 631 488, 642 677 647 662, 673 645 , 665 676 26 123 123 42 29 51 629 644 87, 251 631, 643 641 641 4. 14 500, 501 660 675 671 680 644 647 660 676 621 664, 674 12 227, 249, 259 422 633 22, 629 632, 641 674 676 702 IFnOej. Dowling, Robert E., mentioned Downes, Saml. , mentioned Downing, Lawrence, mentioned Doyle, Gregory, mentioned Doyle, Genl. Peter E., mentioned 370, Dress Hat, Adopted 1867 Draft Riots See Table of Contents, Chapter XXXII., p. xix. Drake, F. G. , mentioned Dr^iper, Frank E., mentioned Draper, J. A., mentioned Drills, First Company, of the Union Grays, First Regimental, . At Baltimore, At Harper's Ferry, . ■ 64, f Artillery Behind Breastworks, By Trumpet, See '* Tactics." Drischler, Frank, mentioned Drisler, Henry, mentioned Drumming Out a Thief in the Field Dubois, Chas. A., mentioned , ... Dubois, George S., mentioned Du Bois, Leonce F , mentioned Dubois, Matthew B., mentioned Du Bois, S. P., Jr., mentioned Dubois, William A., mentioned Duckworth, Morris, mentioned Duderstadt, Charles, mentioned Dudley, James B., mentioned Duff, Alfred, mentioned Duff, James, mentioned Duff, W. H., mentioned Dugan, Marcus J., mentioned Dumont, J. Ludlow, mentioned Dunbar, David D., mentioned Dunbar, H., mentioned Dunbar, J. A., mentioned Duncan, H. E. , mentioned Duncan, William F. , mentioned Duncan, William G., mentiored Duncan, W. V., mentioned Dunlap, Oscar C, mentioned Dunn, John J., mentioned Dunnell, Rev. William N., mentioned 488, 514, 5S2, P.^GE 662 662 647 . 677 505, 506 514 379 332 664 675 633 664 3. 15 22 42 7, 71, 75 106 "7 451 675 622 324 619, fi24 635 665 638 664, 675 383, 626, 638 623 660 679 620, 638 635 645 642 173, 633 63S 635 643 643 639 613 673 471, 488 613 640 662, 672 614, 659 670 ITnOCE. 703 Dunning, mentioned Dunning, Charles A., mentioned Dunning, Edward J., Jr., mentioned Dunning, Walter M., mentioned Dunning, Wilmot M., mentioned Durbrow, G. W., mentioned Durland, Garrett, mentioned Dust at Harper's Ferry Dyer, B. F., mentioned Dyet, Albert H., mentioned Dyett, A. H., mentioned Dykes, John, mentioned E, Company Organization Armory and First Officers of. Strength of, April, 1862, .... Disbanded in 1864, and Reorganized in 1865, Officers of, at Harper's Ferry, Strength of, at Harper's Ferry, Officers of. Elected at Harper's Ferry, Movements of, at Harper's Ferry, Drill Night, Selected by Lot, Officers in Pennsylvania Campaign, Strength of, in Pennsylvania Campaign, Movements of, in Pennsylvania Campaign, . 180, Strength of, in Buffalo, Officers of, in Buffalo, Movements of, in Buffalo, Movements of, in Brooklyn, Officers of, in Brooklyn, . Strength of, in Brooklyn, . Strength of, at Annual Inspections. Officers of. Since its Organization, Roll of, in Service, 1862; . Roll of, in Service, 1863, . War Veterans of, . . ^ . Roll of, at Buffalo Riots, . Roll of, at Brooklyn Riots, Eagan, John J., mentioned Eagle, Clifford F., mentioned Earle, Genl. Ferd. P., mentioned Earle, James, mentioned Earle, John E., mentioned Early, Genl. Jubal, Occupies York and Reconnoitres Harrisburgh, 1863, ... Raid on Washington in 1864, PAGE 397 1 401 666 646 6ig 618 , 619 639 664 . 674 67 633 ■ 679 . 624 647 II, 23 18 II 350 35 40 98 125 141 155 156 194 230 514 516 539. 565 578 581 584 608 618 630 642 652 664 674 676 628 370 . 633 660 28 178 383 704 UnOej. PAGE Mentioned . . 224, 225, 295 Earle, William C, mentioned . 644 Eastman, William R,, mentioned . . 634 Edwards, E. M., mentioned . . 663 Edwards, John D., wins Aspinwall Medal in 1865, . 351 Mentioned . ... 627, 639 Edwards, Walter : First Lieutenant, Company H, . . . 15,25, 38 Ordnance Officer on Gen. Ewen's Staff, . . 155 Mentioned . . . . . . 13, 76, 622, 634, 645 Edwen, William A , mentioned . . 629 Eggleston, David S , mentioned 6, 626 Eighteenth Regiment, N. G. N. Y., mentioned . 146 Eighth Regiment, N, G. N. Y,, mentioned 30, 31, 39, 41, 51, 127, 129 138, 146, 166, 180, 185, 253, 295 Eighth Separate Company, mentioned . ..... 550 Eighty-fourth Regiment, N.G N.Y., mentioned 146, 416, 422, 425, 426, 431, 452 Elcock, Edwin A., mentioned .... . . 667 Eleventh Regiment, N G., mentioned 30, 31, 39, 41, 127, 146, 166, 206, 24; 254, 298, 452 EUer, Adam, mentioned Eller, Billings B., mentioned Elliott, William E , mentioned Ellis, Thomas, mentioned Ellsworth's Zouaves, mentioned Elmendorf, Albert R., mentioned Elwin, Charles, mentioned Ely, Capt Geo. W., mentioned Enfield Rifies . Imported by Regiment, Sold to State, Exchanged for Springfields, Engels, Walter, mentioned Engineers, List of Ennever, Wilham C, mentioned Ennis, George H., mentioned Eschbach, Gcorge F., mentioned Eschbach, Harry F.. mentioned Evans, A. M., mentioned Evans, Walter W. , mentioned . Everdell, William, mentioned .... Ewen, Gen. John : Brigadier General since 1847, Management of Fourth Brigade in Pennsylvania, Excuses for Marching It Without Rations, 636 679 635 631 10 66S 634 335 '9 139 374 666, 676 612 646 644 668, 676 666, 676 664; 675 628 253, 329 150 153 193 •ffnOeE. 705 PAGE Management at Oyster Point, ig^ Extracts from His Report, ig7, ig8 Addresses Brigade, . 201 Blamed by Troops for Forced March to Carlisle, 205 And for Want of Experience, . . 32g , Mentioned 152, 159, i6o, 167, 185, ig2, 194, 195, 204, 213, 226, 234, 243 245, 252, 254, 266, 279, 300, 315, 317, 319 Examining Boards : Instituted by Col. Cox in 1866, . . 353 Revived by Col. Porter, 364 Excursions, . 363, 437, 442, 443, 444, 453 Expert Riflemen, List of Annual, . . 406 Fagan, Nicholas G., mentioned . 666 Fahe.y, James W. , mentioned . . 632, 643 Fairbanks, Marcellus, mentioned . 632 Fairchild, Henry, mentioned . 14 Fanning, W; P., mentioned 639 Farestal, W. F., mentioned . . 680 Farley, Eugene, mentioned . . 663 Farley, Philip H., mentioned . 617 Farley, Thomas, mentioned . . . 647 Farmer, J., mentioned . . . 643 Farmer, William, mentioned . 631 Farnham, Oliver J., mentioned . 627, 639 Farnham, "Pony," mentioned . 10, 11 Farrell, J. F , mentioned . 664, 675 Farrer, Thomas C, mentioned , 626 Farrington, John J., Jr., mentioned . . 641 Farry, Francis J., mentioned . . 676 Faurot, Theo. W., mentioned . , 661 F, Company : Organization, Armory and First Officers of, . . 13, 25 Strength of, April, 1862, . . 18 Officers of, at Harper's Ferry, . 35 Strength of, at Harper's Ferry, . 40 Movements of, at Harper's Ferry, 117. 121 Drill Night, Selected by Lot, 141 Officers in Pennsylvania Campaign, 155 Strength of, in Pennsylvania Campaign, . . 156 Movements of, in Pennsylvania Campaign, 180, 194, 230 Takes Up Rifle Practice, ... . 392 Forms Regimental Rifle Association, 395 First Rifle Match of, . . 396 Strength of, in Buiifalo, . . 514 Officers of, in Buffalo, .... 516 7o6 IFnOei. Movements of, in Buffalo, . 538, Movements of, in Brooklyn, Officers of, in Brooklyn, Strength of, in Brooklyn, ... Strength of, at Annual Inspections, Officers of. Since Its Organization, Roll of, in Service, 1862, Roll of, in Service, 1863, War Veterans of. Roll of, at Buffalo Riots, Roll of, at Brooklyn Riots, Fearon, James B., mentioned , Federal Chasseurs, . . 10 Fender, George G., mentioned Fernbach, Walter M., mentioned Ferris, George, mentioned Ferry, Le Roy, mentioned Fetzer, Louis F., mentioned Field, Capt. , Reports on Twenty-second in Camp, Field, David D., mentioned ^. Field. Floyd T. R., mentioned . Field, William H., mentioned . . , Fifteenth Separate Company, mentioned Fifth Battery, Troop A, mentioned Fifth N. G. N. Y., mentioned Fifth N. Y. Artillery, mentioned Fifth N. Y. Heavy Artillery, mentioned Fifth Separate Company, mentioned . Fifty-fifth Separate Company, mentioned Fifty-second Separate Company, mentioned 146, Fifty-sixth Separate Company, mentioned 146, 185, 253, 2S2, 298, Finch, Capt., mentioned Finch, George W., mentioned 12,25 Finch, Jas. M., mentioned Finch, Philetus W. , mentioned Finck, James Weils, Inspector Rifle Practice, mentioned Fink, Austin T., mentioned Finn, Daniel, mentioned Finn, T. J., mentioned Fipix, George J., mentioned Fire in Fourteenth Street Armory, Firemen of Philadelphia offer their Houses to Twenty-second, First-class Shots, List of Annual, First Pennsylvania, N. G., receives Twenty-second, N. G., N. Y., at Philadelphia, . ... 440, Received by Twenty-second, N. G., N. Y., in New York, PAGE 552> 555 578 581 584 608 619 631 643 C52 665 676 666 . II^ 13 676 676 641 680 666 367, 369 128 631 635 506, 549 550 346, 452 31 64 506, 549 146, 459 253, 298 309, 333 477 , 38, 6ig 622 635 614, 617 . 645 640 . 664 679 483 126 406 444 . 453 443 , 453 First Battalion Twenty-second in Brooklyn, mentioned First Brigade, mentioned First Provisional Regiment, mentioned First Separate Company, mentioned . First Sergeants' Swords Adopted, 1895, Fish, Col. James, mentioned Fisher, J. B., mentioned Fitch, Col., mentioned Fitch, James H. A., mentioned Fitch, Theodore, mentioned Fitzgerald, Gen'l Louis, mentioned Flake, Selin E. , mentioned Flandrow, Caleb, mentioned Flank Companies Proposed, Fleige, J. August, mentioned Fleming, Lieut., mentioned Fleming, George H., mentioned Fleming, Jas. S., mentioned Flinn, Arthur J., mentioned Flocton, W. F., mentioned Flower, Gov. Roswell P., mentioned Fogarty, Wm. J., mentioned . Food, Thomas J., mentioned . Foote, Erasmus D. , mentioned Foote, Lawrence, mentioned Forbes, Col. David S., mentioned Forbes, Philip, mentioned Ford, A. O., mentioned Ford, Col., mentioned . Ford, C. M., mentioned Ford, John G. S., mentioned Forestal, Wm. A., mentioned Forestal, Wm. F., mentioned Forrest, Robert, mentioned Forrest, William T.,- mentioned Fortfications at Harper's Ferry, Foster, Atherton, mentioned . Foster, Geo. H., mentioned Foster, H., mentioned Foster, N.. mentioned Foster, William A. H., mentioned Foster, Winfred C. mentioned Fourth Regt. , N. G., mentioned Fourth Separate Company, mentioned . 506, 510, 517, 525, Forty-first Separate Company, mentioned 707 PAGE 582 . 583 549 ■ 550 3S2 421 ■ 639 • 37° 642 584, 626 370, 49= 667 629, 370, 667, 666, 62S, ft34. 634. 666, 661, 146, 549. 550, 495 662 647 15 677 488 624 639 662 645 506 677 676 627 646 154 641 624 113 624 638 669 668 640 668 62 645 645 114 114 676 672 452 561 549 7o8 1ln&ei. PAGE Forty-second Separate Company, mentioned 549 Forty-third Separate Company, mentioned 549 Forty-fourth Separate Company, mentioned 506, 549, 550 For|ty-sixth Separate Company, mentioned . 506, 550 Forty-seventh Separate Company, mentioned 39, 51, 127, 146, 549 Forty-eighth Separate Company, mentioned . 549 Fox, Edward F. , mentioned . 660 Foxweli, Chas., mentioned 616, 617, 622 France, R. G,, mentioned . 639 Francis, Albert N., First Captain Co. F, 13, 25 Mentioned . 37, 87, 155, 230, 233, 619, 631, 643 Francis, Chas. King., mentioned 633 Francis, George, mentioned 646 Franklin, Homer P., mentioned 628 Franklin, Jas. S., mentioned . . 614, 615, 638 Franklin, Lindley M., Elected Second Lieut. Co. A, in Pa., . 154 Mentioned . . . 614, 626, 637 Franklin, Morris, mentioned . . 3 Franz, D. R.. mentioned . . 664, 675 Freadwell, Harry H., mentioned 670 Frederick, Chas., mentioned 634, 636 Frederick City, March to, . . 319 Fredericks, John H., mentioned . 633, 678 Freedenberg, J. S., mentioned . 680 Freeland, Theodore H., Wins Aspinwall Medal in 1865, . 351 Mentioned . . . 383, 618, 629, 641 Freeman, George P., mentioned 397, 401, 618, 619 Freeman, Geo. S., mentioned . 471, 488 French, Edward M., mentioned 635 French, George A., mentioned 626 Frey, Frederick W., mentioned . 668 Freystadt, D. O., mentioned . . . 680 Frick, Jacob G., mentioned . 17S, 254, 286 Friery, T. , mentioned 643 Frost, Willis E., mentioned 679 Frye, Hamilton, mentioned . 634 Fuller, Charles, mentioned 626, 638 Fuller, Geo., First 2d Lieut. Co. A, . . 6 ' Elected First Lieut., at Harper's Ferry, 37, 96 Elected Captain in Field, . 307 Mentioned 25, 154, 180, 614, 615, 626, 637 Fuller, R. S. C, mentioned . . 674 Fulmer. G W , mentioned . . 639 Funerals ■ Of Lieut Hedden, .... -15 Of Soldiers m Baltimore Hospital . . 52 Funkstown, Arrival at, See Table of Contents, Chap. XXV, p. xvi Furber, George, mentioned Gaige, W. D., mentioned Gale, Joseph L., mentioned Gallagher, Michael, mentioned Gallagher, T., mentioned Gallaher, Theo. H., mentioned Gallaher, Wm. E., mentioned Gallatin, Albert H., mentioned Galloway, George, mentioned Gamble, Charles, mentioned . Gamble, John, Jr., mentioned Ganly, D. W., mentioned Gannon, Henry, mentioned Ganzenmuller, George, mentioned Garden, Henry L., mentioned Gardiner, Asa Bird, First Captain Co. I, Commands Detachment Sent to Winchester, Wounded at Carlisle, Awarded Medal of Honor, Mentioned ..... Gardner, Daniel S., mentioned Gardner, George Norman, mentioned Gardner, Marlborough D., mentioned Garnett, Theo. S., Description of Attack on Carlisle Garridel, Henry J., mentioned Garrison, Harvey, mentioned Gascough, Theo., mentioned Gaylord, Ernest T., mentioned Gaynor, James, mentioned G, Company : Organization, Armory and First Officers of. Strength of, April, 1862, . Officers of, at Harper's Ferry, Strength of, at Harper's Ferry, Officers of. Elected at Harper's Ferry, Movements of at Harper's Ferry, Drill Night, Selected by Lot, Officers of, in Pennsylvania Campaign, . Strength of, in Pennsylvania Campaign, Movements of, in Pennsylvania Campaign Disbanded, . Strength of, in Buffalo, Officers of, in Buffalo, 709 PAGE 290 639 664 667 647 643 632 632 37. 77, 625 628. 639 87, 620, 632, 643 . 641 663, 674 . 629 666, 676 660 36-37 • 125 . 243 . 244 155, 180, 195, 201, 204, 230 ■ 644 334. 646 . 627 220, 222, 225 . 662 661, 672 . 306 661, 671 . 641 13, 14. 25 18 35 40 99 109, III, 115, 117, 118, 121 141 • 155 156 175, 176, 180, 194, 230 . 442 • 514 . 516 710 UnOes. PAGE Movements of, in Buffalo, . . 539 Movements of, in Broolclyn, . 57^1 &oi Officers of, in Brooklyn, . . . • 58i Strength of, in Brooklyn, . . • 584 Strength of, at Annual Inspections, . 608 Officers of. Since its Organization, . . . • 620 Roll of, in Service, 1862, ... 632 Roll of, in Service, 1863, . • • 644 War Veterans of, . . . . 652 Roll of, at Buffalo Riots, . 666 Roll of, at Brooklyn Riots, ... . 677 Geary, David, mentioned . . . 663, 673 Geary, Wm. H., mentioned . . 663, 674 Gebbard, August, mentioned . 636, 647 Gebbard, William, mentioned 636, 647 Gebhard, Charles, mentioned 636 Geer, Fred., mentioned . 60, 383, 629, 641 Geer, George W. , mentioned . . . 629, 641 George, Charles H., mentioned . 662 George, Henry W., mentioned . . ■ 661 Georgrades, Edw , mentioned ■ • 667 Gerhardt, Christian, mentioned . 667, 677 Gerken, J. G. , mentioned . ■ 664 Germond, Henry S., mentioned .... 630 Germond, George B., mentioned . . .12 Germunder, O. A., mentioned . . 663, 674 Gerow, William H., mentioned . 640 Gerrets, Morris, mentioned .... 633, 644 Gettysburgh, Why Smith's Division Did not March to, . 255 Attempt to Reach, Abandoned, . . . 273 Gibson, William A., Elected Second Lieut. Co. G at Harper's Ferry, . 28 Mentioned . . . 99. 115, 188, 335, 621, 632 Gilbert, David B., Elected Second Lieut. Co. A at Harper's Ferry, . 38 Mentioned . . .96, 614, 615, 626 Gilder, R. W., mentioned . . i6o, 161, 229, 288 GilfiUan, William H., mentioned . . 660, 671 Gillette, James F., mentioned . . 635 Gillies, T. A., mentioned . . . 664 Gillies, J. H., mentioned . . . . 674 Gilman, Wm. C, Jr., mentioned ... . 633 Gilmore, Patrick Sarsfield, . . . . 501, 502, 503 Gilpin, Charles P., mentioned . ... 628 Gilson, Edward A., mentioned . .... 642 Gleason, John, mentioned . 626 Gleason, John F., mentioned ..... 678 ■ffn&ej. Glock, J. H., mentioned Glover, Robt. O., mentioned Goble, David, mentioned Gock, John F., mentioned Godshalk, David, mentioned . Goepel, August, mentioned . Goff, Eugene W. , mentioned . Goff, James, mentioned Golding, Joseph H., mentioned Goldman, M. M., mentioned . Goldschmidt, George B. , Wins Aspinwall Medal Mentioned Goldschmidt, Max, mentioned Goldschmidt, May, mentioned Goldwait, Capt. Charles E. , mentioned Gomez, Sabino T., mentioned Goodale, Frank E. , mentioned Goodliff, Joseph P., mentioned Goodrich, Wm. R., mentioned Gordon, Henry, mentioned Gordon, James R., mentioned Gordon, William, mentioned Gore, Albert A., mentioned Gore, Martin A., mentioned Graham, Duncan C, mentioned Graham, J. B., mentioned Graham, T. F. , mentioned Grant, Freeman, mentioned Grant, J. Henderson H. , First Adjutant, Elected. Major at Harper's Ferry, Elected Lieut. Col., Resigned, ..... Mentioned, . . 32, 33, 43, 44, 60, 96, Grant, Gen. U. S. , mentioned Grant, R. Suydam, First Captain Co. H, Mentioned Grape Vine Telegraph, Gray, Chas. W., mentioned Gray, Wm. H., mentioned Gray, Mayor Wm. R., mentioned Gray Reserves, Pa., mentioned Gray, Thomas, mentioned Green, Barton, mentioned Green, Charles T., mentioned Green, Hon. Manly C, mentioned 7" PAGE . 388, 390 . . 622 635, 646 . 642 635, 646 647, 668, 678 668, 678 645 627 . 669 351 6, 77, 626, 637 ■ 635 37. 91. 334. 625 . 306 672 662, 672 155, 623, 635, 646 634 631 661 635 . 629 . 629 . 16 . 680 . 663 • 636 21-24 37 137 . 138 195, 315, 611, 612, 628 189, 446 15, 37 155, 230, 621, 634, 645 106 . 640 661, 672 . 489 254, 261, 298 636 664, 675 • 633 . 506 712 ITnOcj. Green, Richard M., mentioned Green, Russel F., mentioned Greene, J. H., Jr., mentioned Greeneson, N. J., mentioned Greenfield, James H., mentioned Greenough, Daniel J., mentioned Greenwood, Rich. B., mentioned Gregg, Col. J. T., mentioned Gregory, John B., mentioned Gregory, Wm., mentioned Greville, Jos. J., mentioned Grief, L. H., mentioned Griffith, John H., mentioned Groot, Giles F. , mentioned Grotta, Henry M., mentioned Grotta, Leonard L., mentioned Guard Duty : After Draft Riots, In Draft of 1864, In 1865, Gueniter, H. C, mentioned Guerillas in Shenandoah Valley, Gwynne, David E., mentioned Gymnasium in Fourteenth Street Armory, Hadly, William E., mentioned Hagarstown, March to, Supporting Kilpatrick's Attaclc on. See Table of Contents, Chapter XXVIII Haggerty, Bevnan, mentioned Hahn, G. H., mentioned Halcott, Chas. L., mentioned Hale, Gen., mentioned Haley, Fredk. H., mentioned Hall, Ambrose, mentioned Hall, Benjamin F., mentioned Hall, Charles W., mentioned Hall, Mayor Oakey, mentioned Hall, Peter M., mentioned. Halliday, Alfred, mentioned . Hallman, John N., mentioned Hallock, Gen. H. W. . Refuses to Recall N. G. Regiments, Indignation Excited by His Action, Telegraphs Gen. E. W. Sandford About N Correspondence with Gen. Couch, p. xviii. PAGE . 631 • 634 . 675 664, 675 351, 63: . 638 634, 645 • 295 . 6ig . 615 667, 677 . 680 . 642 ■ 635 668, 678 . 667 339. 103, ro4, . 626, . 664, . 628, 150, 165, 167, 172, 666, 632, 340 344 344 664 108 638 482 638 293 308 628 675 639 1 86 662 628 676 678 410 643 664 630 . 128 . 129 G. General Officers, . 152 177, iqg, 200, 248, 256 ITnOcj. Directs OiBcers to be Punished for Moving Troops Without Knapsacks Report to, of Gen. Haupt, ... Report to, of Gen. Meade, . ... Communications with Gen. Meade, .... 255 Stops Regiments From Going to Draft Riots, and is Over-ruled by Stanton, Mentioned Hallock, W. F., mentioned Halsted, Charles S., mentioned Hally, M. J., mentioned Hamilton, L. McL., mentioned Hamlin, Alonzo, mentioned Hamlin, Henry H., mentioned Hamilton, J., mentioned Hatnilton, Louis A., mentioned .Hamiperstein, Harry, mentioned Hammond, A. W., mentioned Hammond, Frank, mentioned Hammond, Wilber B., mentioned Hampton, Gen. Wade, mentioned Hampton, John M., mentioned Hancock, Gen. W. S., mentioned Hancock, William A., mentioned Hand, Thomas A., mentioned Haney, J. C, mentioned Hanford, Wm. H., mentioned Hanft, Rudolph J., mentioned Hanna, Samuel, mentioned Hannan, James J., mentioned Hanson, C. P., mentioned Hapsch, Edward, mentioned Hardie's Tactics, mentioned Harding, Isaac W., mentioned Harding, William J. : . Appointed Adjutant, His Previous Military Record, Improvements Introduced by, Captain First Regimental Rifle Team, Elected Lieutenant Colonel, 1886, Thanked by Officers for Success of Regiment in Camp, 1882, Mentioned 371, 376, 395, 401, 423, 446, 457, 458, 460, 471, 489, 490, 501, Harp, John W., mentioned .... -Harper, James, mentioned .... Harrisburgh . . .... See Table of Contents, Chap. XIV. to XVII., p. xiii. to xiv. 713 PAGE , 192 ■ 247 • 253 . 273 628, 664, 220, 528, 444. 318, 319 . 280 ■ 643 • 644 • 675 • 633 ■ 634 640 643 672 675 640 664 679 221 660 489 667 668, 679 • 639 . 629 . 672 . 646 . 671 675 647 372 629 283 362 363 364. 365, 366 • 399 ■ 448 . 462 486, 488 612, 615 . 636 . 636 158, 186 664, 483, 611, 714 "ffnOcj. Harrison, Chas., mentioned Harrison, Duncan S., mentioned Hart, Benj, S., mentioned Hart, Geo. E. B. , mentioned Hart, Peter, mentioned Hart, Stephen F., mentioned . Hartel, P. C, mentioned Har.tigan, J. F., mentioned Hartshorne, Harry, mentioned Haslett, James S., mentioned . Hathaway, Alfred S., mentioned Hatton, William H., mentioned Haubold, E. F., mentioned Haubold, R. O., mentioned Haupt, Gen. Herman, Report to Hallock Haupt, Gustav, mentioned Haiiptman, A. B., mentioned . . Haiissler, Adolph, mentioned Havelocks, Presented by Sanitary Commission Hawes, Walter D., mentioned Hawes, Wm. H. H., mentioned Haws, Walter D., mentioned . Haws, W. E. , Jr., mentioned Hayden, Nathaniel, mentioned Hayes, Charles G., mentioned Hayes, Edward H., mentioned Hays, David S., mentioned Hays, Gilbert F., mentioned . Hays, Patrick, mentioned Haywood, E. E., mentioned . H, Company : Organization, Armory and First Officers of. Strength of, in 1862, Officers of, at Harper's Ferry, Strength of, at Harper's Ferry, Officers of. Elected at Harper's Ferry, Movements of, at Harper's Ferry, Drill Night, Selected by Lot, Officers in Pennsylvania Campaign, Strength of, in Pennsylvania Campaign, Movements of, in Pennsylvania Campaign, Wins Prizes at Long Branch Camp, Introduces Rifle Practice in Regiment, . Strength of, in Buffalo, Officers of, in Buffalo, PAGE 581, 617, 662, 672 . 624. 624, 668, 679- 516, 581, 612, 624, 668- 64+ 514, 581, 659, 670 ■ (>74- 6S0 624 ■ 673 666, 676 66a . 661 . 661 • 247 ■ 647 . 675 . 648 • 48 . 619 . 628 . 622 514, 613, 659 • 3 . 626 666, 676 ■ 679 . 640 . 631 663, 674. 14. 15, 25 . I& ■ 35 . 40 • 99 117, 119 . 141 • 15s . 156 80, 194, 230 359. 389 • 387 515 . 516 ■ffnOcs. Movements of, in Buffalo, Strength of, in Buffalo, Movements of, in Brooklyn, Officers of, in Brooklyn, . Strength of, at Annual Inspections, Officers of, Since Its Organization, Roll of, in Service, 1862, . Roll of, in Service, 1863, . War Veterans of , . Roll of, at Buffalo Riots, Roll of, at Brooklyn Riots, Hearne, Frederick W. P., mentioned Hearne, John F., mentioned . Heath, E. A,, mentioned Hedden, Lieut. Henry, funeral of Hedden, Robert M., mentioned Hefferman, Jno. M., mentioned Heimke, Louis, mentioned Heinig, George W., mentioned Heisletz, Rich. H., mentioned Heiz, Carl, mentioned Held,, J., mentioned Held, R., mentioned . Helmet Adopted, 1880 . Helmsky, A., mentioned Helmsmuller, F. B., mentioned Hendrick, Foscolo O., mentioned Hendrickson, G. R., mentioned Herineberger, Herman, mentioned Henriques, C. R., mentioned . Henriques, H. P., mentioned Henry, Gen. G. V., Report on Twenty-second Hepper, Edward W., mentioned Herbert, Victor, mentioned Herreck, Everett, mentioned . Herrick, Jamts K., mentioned Herron, Henry C, mentioned Hertz, B., mentioned Herz, Charles, mentioned Herz, Wm., mentioned Herzig, G. W., mentioned Hetherton, James, mentioned Hewett, Mayor Abraham S., mentioned Heyman, J. M., mentioned Heyzer, Charles H., mentioned 377, 6 n Camp, 1895 715 PAGE 517. 530 • SI4 . 578 . 581 . 608 . 621 ■ 634 . 645 • 653 . 667 678 . 678 662, 672 13, 619, 639 16 622, 623 . 628 647 . 660 . 677 . 636 . 669 . 669 . 382 669, 680 498, 647 . 677 639 619, 620 66g, 680 66g, 680 481 . 672 • 503 613 . 640 ■ 631 • 383 . 648 664, 675 675 640 490, 491 . 680 • 633 716 ITnOej. Hibbard, Davis W., mentioned Hicks, George C, mentioned . Hicks, Wm. , mentioned Higgins, A. Foster : Assists in organizing Union Grays, First Captain, Company D, Elected Major but declines, mentioned . Higgins, James G., mentioned Higgins, Joseph I., mentioned Higgins, J. L., mentioned Higgons, G. T., mentioned Higham, Robt. H., mentioned Hille, William, mentioned Hillhouse, Adjutant General Thomas, mentioned Hillman, S. D. , account of attack on Carlisle, Hillyer, C. v., mentioned Hinton, Engene A., mentioned Hjertberg, E. W., mentioned Hjertberg, Herman R. G., Jr., mentioned Hoadly, T. , mentioned Hodges, John Q., mentioned Hoeber, Arthur S., mentioned Hoffman, Jacob A., mentioned Hoffman, R. G., Jr., mentioned Hoffman, William, mentioned Hogan, Henry A., mentioned Holcomb, William F., mentioned Holdredge, Chas. W., mentioned Holland, Benj. F., mentioned Holland, George W., mentioned Holland, J. W., mentioned . . Hollander, G. G., mentioned . Holmes, George F., mentioned Holmes, William A., mentioned Homans, Edward C, mentioned Home Guard, Regt. organized as. Name not found agreeable. Idea of, abandoned by Regt., Honeck, John G. W., mentioned Hooker, Gen. Joseph, mentioned Hooker, William A., mentioned Hopcraft, G. D., mentioned . Hope, Geo. T., mentioned Horan, George A., mentioned PAGE . 642 . 626- . 62S . 1, 2 12, 25, 31. 38- . 617 66cv . 676- . 622 663, 673. • 63+ 661, 671 31, 128 235, 244 • 639 . 628 664, 675 664, 675 14, 645 . 636 ■ 623 662, 673 . 664 . 671 623, 634 . 668 . 632 . 640 . 640 . 67s • 67s . 626 . 679. 6; 77. 173. 626, 637 I, 2 • 23 . 30 661, 672 142, 247 . 63& 664, 675 • 3 . 66S ITn&ej. 717 PAGE Horsfall, John H., mentioned . . 397, 401, 440, 612, 619, 623 Horton, Daniel, mentioned . . . 646 Horton, John A., mentioned . . 667 Horton, Thos. H., Jr., mentioned . 677 Hotchkiss, W. B. , mentioned , 516, 581, 619, 623, 664, 674 Houghland, W. H. P., mentioned . . . 663 House, George V. W., mentioned . 91, 154, 625, 633, 637 661, 672 630 397 667 629, 66r 60, 643 631, 643 Houston, John D., mentioned Howard, Jarvis C. , mentioned Howard, Lt. , mentioned Howard, Michael J., mentioned Howe, Geo. B., mentioned Howell, A., mentioned Howell, Charles T., mentioned Howland, Henry E., First Capt., Co. G, ... 14 mentioned . 115, 155, 175, 230, 330, 351, 376, 612, 620, 632, 644 Howser, F. P., mentioned . . . 664 Hoyt, Harlow M., mentioned . . . . 646 Hoyt, W. H., mentioned . . 76, gg, 118, 155, 6ig, 630, 642 Hubbard, John C , mentioned . . 644 Hubbell, H. B., mentioned . . 639 Hubbell, J. Q. A., mentioned . . . 633 Hudson, Arthur B., mentioned . . 665, 676 Hughes, Bernard L. , mentioned 679 Hughes, James F., mentioned . 641 Hull, Thomas A., mentioned . . 626 Hunker, Philip, mentioned . . . . 647 Hunt, George J., mentioned 662, 672 Hunter, J. O., mentioned . . 643 Hurlburt, Henry A. W., mentioned . 645 Hussey, W. J., mentioned . 516, 517, 614, 620, 622, 667 Hutchins, James, mentioned . . . 671 Hutschler, Rich. V., mentioned 629, 641 Huth, Christian C, mentioned . . 642 Hutton, John J. S., mentioned . , 667 Hyatt, A. R., mentioned . . 643 Hyatt, Charles E., ihentioned . . 638 Hyatt, William H., mentioned . O32 Hyde, Augustus L., mentioned . 644 Hyde, E. Francis, mentioned . . . 633 Hyde, Fred. E., mentioned 633. 644 Hyde, W. Douglas, mentioned ..... 662 I, Company - Organization, Armory and First Officers of, . 14, 35 Officers of, at Harper's Ferry, ..... 35 7is ITn&ej. Springfield Rifles First Issued to, Strength of, at Harper's Ferry, Movements of, at Harper's Ferry, Sent to Winchester, Drill Night, Selected by Lot, Officers in Pennsylvania Campaign, Strength of, in Pennsylvania Campaign, Movements of, in Pennsylvania Campaign, i8o, 194, Movements of, in Brooklyn, Officers of, in Brooklyn, . • Strength of, in Brooklyn, . Strength of, at Annual Inspections, Officers of. Since its Organization, Roll of, in Service, 1862, Roll of, in Service, 1863, War Veterans of, . Roll of, at Brooklyn Riot, Independent Companies Before the War, Ingalls, Genl. Rufus, writes Genl. Meigs, as to Want of Supplies in Smith's Division, Ingram, E. W. , mentioned Ingram, R. J., mentioned Inslee, Jos. H. P., mentioned Inspection of Regiment by Genl. Wool in 1862, By Genl. Busteed, In 1S62, Poorly Attended, Report of Genl. Oliver on, in 18S2, Report of Genl. Oliver on, 1882, Camp, Report of Col. Closson on, 1885, Camp, Report of Col. Briggs on, 1885, Camp, Report of Genl. Henry on, 1895, Camp, Table of Annual, Inspectors of Rifle Practice, List ot, Insurance Companies : Union Grays, Organized by, . . j Associate Committee from, . . . 3 Amount Subscribed by, ... .5 International Military Rifle Match, mentioned . . 486 Irvin, Richard, mentioned ...... 6 626 Isherwood, Frank, mentioned . 581, 623, 667, 678 Jackson, Jas. , mentioned . . . . 620 Jackson, Light Artillery, mentioned . . . . 64 Jackson, Stonewall, mentioned . . . 113, 117, 126, 174 Jackson's, Va., Battery, mentioned .... . igo Jacoby, Julio, mentioned ..... 672 PAGE 36 • 40 117 125 127 I4r 155 156 201, 204 243 578 581 584 608 623 635 646 654 679 16 n 314 624 675 631, 643 75 132 137 444, 462 461 465 468, 470 481 608 614 79, 370, 44°. 496, 514, 582, 613, Front of Harrisburgh, ITii&ej. James, Josiah, mentioned James, Monroe, Post G. A. R., mentioned Jansen, Albert J., mentioned . Jarboe, Vernon, mentioned Jardine, A. J., mentioned Jardine, Edw. D., mentioned . Jardine, Joseph J., mentioned Jarvis, William H., mentioned Jenkins, John W., mentioned . Jenkins, Genl. A. G., Fires on Detachment in Reconnoitres Harrisburgh, At Oyster Point, . Mentioned Jennison, William H., mentioned Jennings, W. T., mentioned . John Brown's Engine House, Johnson, the Orange Marshal, Johnson, Genl. Edward, mentioned Johnson, E. A., mentioned Johnson, E. D. , mentioned Johnson, F. T., mentioned Johnson, S. R., mentioned Johnston, Francis H., mentioned Johnston, William W, , mentioned Jones, Bradford, mentioned Jones, Eben P., mentioned Jones, Edward, mentioned Jones, F. E., mentioned Jones, Joseph A., mentioned Jones, Lieut. Woodruff's Account of Pennsylvania Campaign Jones, W. W., mentioned Jonos, G. W. , mentioned Jourdan, John M., mentioned Joyce, Paul, mentioned Judd, David M., mentioned Judson, Frank S., mentioned Jung, Jacob, mentioned Justison, George, mentioned Kaehler, E. H., mentioned . Kafiika, F. P., mentioned Kaiser, Albert, mentioned Kaiser, Fredk., mentioned Kampe, Emil, mentioned Kane, F. K., Jr., mentioned Kane, J. C, mentioned I go. 261, 719 PAGE . 628 451, 497 . 632 ■ 644 ■ 643 • 677 644, 670 . 642 619, 620 185 190 • 193 igo, ig7 642 • 639 57 417, 427 636, 646 ■ 633 663, 674 633. 644 633, 644 , 632 • 632 638 666, 676 642 ■ 643 • 679 266, 328 • &75 628 • 644 663, 673 . 626 668, 678 . 636 ■ 635 . 66g . 680 . 636 636, 648 636 664, 675 664 720 ■fftiDCE. Kanski, Hepolye C, mentioned Karples, Robert, mentioned Kasson, Chas. D. F., mentioned Kasson, Earl C, mentioned . Kay, Joseph W., mentioned . K, Company : Organization and First Officers of. Drill Night, Selected by Lot, Officers in Pennsylvania Campaign, Strength of, in Pennsylvania Campaign, Movements of, in Pennsylvania Campaign, Disbanded in 1864, Strength of, in Buffalo, Officers of, in Buffalo, Movements of, in Buffalo, Movements of, in Brooklyn, Officers of, in Brooklyn, . Strength of, in Brooklyn, Strength of, at Annual Inspections, Officers of. Since its Organization, Roll of, in Service, 1863, . War Veterans of, . Roll of, at Buffalo Riots, Roll of, at Brooklyn Riots, Kearney, Frank, mentioned Keeler, Leo, mentioned Keeley, Ulysses G., mentioned Keena, Joan W., mentioned . Keil, George W. , mentioned . Keiley, Patrick H., mentioned Keirmaier, George, mentioned Keiley, George J., mentioned . Kellock, Corls M., mentioned . Kellogg, Wm. L., mentioned Kelly, F. A., mentioned Kelly, J. J., mentioned. Kelso, Supt. F. F., Forbids Orange Parade, Kemp, William B., mentioned Kennedy, Edward J., mentioned Kennedy, J. J., mentioned Kennedy, J. W., mentioned Kenney, W. A., mentioned Kennier, Arthur, mentioned Kenny, John H., mentioned Kenny, W. A., mentioned PAGE 633 , 642 . 636. . 628 634 632 15 139. 141 155 156 180, 194 230 350- 51+ 5i6- 539- 578. 581 584 608. 624. 654 668 668 679 628 639' 630- 662 667 644- 640- 672 676 630 630 . 616 • 664, 674 412 390- 626 638 663 673 680 664 636- 641 674- IFn&eE. Kent, Edward H. B., mentioned Kenworthy, James, mentioned . . 515, 517, 581, 614, Kenworthy, John, mentioned . Keppling, Richard, Jr., mentioned Kern, E. K., mentioned Kerr, John W., mentioned Ketchum. J. B., mentioned Kiernan, B. F. J., mentioned . Kilpatrick, Gen. T., Supported by 22d in Attack on Hagerstown, Mentioned Kimball, Chas. A., mentioned Kimball, Wm. C, mentioned . Kimball, Wm. H., mentioned King, Edward S., mentioned King, Frank J., mentioned King, H. J., mentioned King, John M. , mentioned King, Lieut. Col., mentioned . King, Mark J., mentioned King, Rufus, Chief of Artillery, Smith's Division, Mentioned . . 194, 196, 220, 229, 236, 239, King, William V., mentioned 473, 488, 489, 496, 577, 581, 582, 615, 633, 659, Kinkaid, Thomas H. C, mentioned Kip, Henry, mentioned Kipling, Richard, Jr., mentioned Kirk, Edwin R., mentioned Kirk, J. H., mentioned Kirkham, George A., mentioned Kirkland, Thos. J., mentioned Kissam, Jas. H.^ mentioned Kline, George W., mentioned Knapp, Henry M., mentioned . . . 488, Knapsacks : Shorts Patent Merriam Pack Knight, E. L., mentioned Knight, Jacob, mentioned Knight, Capt. T. E., mentioned Knipe, Gen. Joseph I., mentioned 178, 179, 227, 245, 246, 249, 72r PAGE . 640 615. 659, 670 • 675 . 628 669, 680 668, 678- 663, 673 • 675 July 12, 308, 312 . 221 633. 644 Knipe, W. E., mentioned Knox, Theodore H., mentioned Kohler, John F., mentioned ■ 633 633, 644. . 678 ■ 673 . 675 • 639 507, 514 . 666 . 262 276, 277, 283. 583, 611, 612, 661, 670, 671 16, 647 630, 641 . 640 . 646 . 669 662, 673 ■ 677 383, 630, 641 . 632 620, 621, 624 • 376 . 376- 674 . 678 483 252, 253, 279- 295, 306 675 . 642: 662, 672; 722 tnoej. Koonz, Gerron, mentioned . . ■ • Kopp, John P., mentioned . ... Kragel, Elmer E., mentioned . ... Kramer, Frank A., mentioned Kross, Clement F., mentioned . ■ 578, Kubler, Fred J., mentioned Kummer, Rudolph, mentioned Kurtz, William V., mentioned Kyle, James O., mentioned Kyle, Wm. G., mentioned Lackey, Jos. A-, mentioned Ladd, Thos., mentioned Laezepbee, Walter, mentioned Lafayette, Fay M., mentioned Lahr, George, Jr., mentioned Laird,, George, mentioned Lakey, John, mentioned Lalor,.John W. , mentioned Lamb, James B., mentioned Lamer, Chas. , mentioned .... Lamorjby, William, mentioned . . 37, gi. Lamb, John, mentioned Landis' Philadelphia Battery : Met by 22d at Harrisburg, Organization of, . . . . • Prepares to Defend Fort Washington, Reinforces 22d at Oyster Point, Friendship thereby Created between the Two Organizations, Lt. Perkins' Section Joins in March to Carlisle, Posted South of Town, .... Patterson's Account of Attack, Position of its Guns, . 230, Letter From Lt. Perkins, Losses of, at Carlisle, Privations During March Over the Mountain, Mentioned . . 220,225^226,233,246,252, Landers, Edward A., mentioned . 13, 25, 38, 76, 79, Lane, Wallace B., mentioned . .... Lanier^ Charles, mentioned Langford, J. W. . mentioned . Lanthrop, Fred E., mentioned La Pelly, Ernest D. G., mentioned Lathrop, Enos M., mentioned Lathrop, F. S., mentioned JLathrop, J. C, mentioned PAGE 631 662 677 665 660, 671 676 647 678 677 677 631 622, 634 636 672 663, 674 486, 616 631 632 666, 676 6r2 625, 635 615 159 159 179 195. ig6 197 201 210 214 231 234 238 243 261 328 276 279 620 631 633 6 , 612 . 663 . 630 662 , 673 . 642 • 3 ■ 639 154. fnOej. Latourelte, Jos. R., Jr., mentioned Laurel Forge, ... Laurence, Fred S., mentioned Lawrence. George, mentioned Lawrence, John C, mentioned Lawrence, J. M., mentioned . Lawrence, Milton B.. mentioned Lawrence, Thomas, mentioned . . 87, 155, Lawrence, William, mentioned Lazier, Frank, mentioned Lecour, Chas. W., mentioned Lecour, Eugene H., mentioned Lee; Dr. Benjamin, First Surgeon of 22d, Mentioned ... 25, 37, 77, 124, 125 Lee, Capt. Henry, mentioned Lee, Gen. Fitzhugh : ■Brigade of, at Carlisle, His Summons to Surrender Town, Mentioned Lee, James, mentioned . Lee, St. George J. M., mentioned Lee, W. H. V., mentioned Lee, Gen. Robert E. : ■Invades Maryland and Pennsylvania, Held in Check at Harrisburgh by Couch's Troops, Expected to Cross Susquehanna by July i, 'Orders Ewell, on June 21, to Take Harrisburgh, June 28, Directs his Army to Concentrate at Gettysburgh, Mentioned 163, 174, 189, 215, 221, 224, 225, 233, 247, 255, 277, 280, 284, 289, 2qo, 295, 300, 302, Leech, Charles J., mentioned . Lefferts, Col. Marshall, mentioned Leggett, William, mentioned Leggins, ..... Leibnitz, Charles, mentioned Leis, Johan, mentioned Leigsner, Geo. E., mentioned Leland, Charles S., extract from Memoirs, . 160, 214, 229, 240, Lemist, HaswellT. , mentioned Lenchantin, Paul H., mentioned Lent, J. B., mentioned Leo, John P., Prepares Plan for Armory, Mentioned Lepper, Robert, mentioned Leonard, J. V., mentioned 725 PAGE • 644 269 . 661 . 636 661, 672 643 634 620, 631, 643 . 671 . 664 630 629 . 14 613, 625, 637 220, 221, 224 224, 227 248, 249 . 676 . 662 220, 222 . 142 163, 170, 173 . 188 . 190 190, 197 256, 274, 276 306, 311, 313 . 368 . 129 631, 642 19 660 . 636 . 667 287, 313, 315 628, 640 • 644 639 492 . 623 6i6, 621 • 643. 724 ITnOej. Leroy, Chas. V., mentioned Levy, Robert S., mentioned Lewis, A. J., mentioned Lewis, Arthur M., mentioned Lewis, Franlc, mentioned Lewis, William, mentioned Liberty, Statue of, Entertainment in Aid of, . iichtenstein, Isaac M., mentioned Lieber, mentioned Lieber, George N., mentioned Lienan, J. Henry, mentioned Lieutenant-Colonels, List of Regimental, Ligon, J. W. , mentioned Lilliendahl, John G. R., mentioned Lilliendahl, Jno. R., mentioned Lincoln, President : Call for Troops on Invasion of Pennsylvania, Gen. Couch's Report to, Cameron's Letters to, Assassination and Funeral of, Lincoln, EzraW., mentioned Lindemann, Henry W., mentioned Lindes, Capt. Henry D., mentioned 159, Lindheim, Joseph, mentioned . Lindsay, Alexander, mentioned Lindsey Blues, mentioned Lippman, Benj., mentioned Liquor, Importation of. Prohibited at Harper's Ferry, Little, A. F., mentioned Little, John H., mentioned Livingston, Charles, mentioned Livingston, W. H., mentioned Lloyd, Herbert, mentioned Lloyd, Herbert J., mentioned iockman, Myron A., mentioned Lockwood, Lockwood, Joseph P., mentioned Lockwood, Radcliffe B., mentioned . Lockwood, R. B., mentioned . Logan, John H., mentioned Lohnann, Julius, mentioned Lomax, C. H., mentioned Long Branch, Camp at, in 1868, Loomis, John S , mentioned . Lord, Charles, mentioned PAGE • 634 . 676 664, 675 . 666 . 631 . 625 451, 453 . 646 . 276 . 14 . 672 . 6n . 669 515, 661 616, 623 . 142 • 171 188, 275 • 345 668, 678 • 644 160, 219, 239, 254, 288 . 676 . 646 16, 139 . 667 91. 94 • 643 660, 671 . 676 ■ 633 . 624 . 677 661, 672 91 . 632 387, 621, 622 397. 399. 401, . 635 . 636 . 664, 675 359 344. 614 15, 622 ■ffnOej. Xord, T. Cooper, mentioned . ILord, Edward C, Lord, Geo. De Forest : First Lieut. Co. G, Volunteers for Draft Riot, Mentioned . . . . Louis, Henry, mentioned Love, George E., mentioned . Love, W. B., mentioned Lowden Heights, Lowe, Michael J., mentioned Lowenbein, David, mentioned Lowerre, Frederick H., mentioned Lowey, S., mentioned . Lozier, Frank, mentioned Luddington, C. H., mentioned Luden, Geo. A., mentioned Ludy, John A., mentioned Luscomb, Chas. H., mentioned Luther, John F., mentioned Lutz, Jacob F., mentioned Lutz, William E., mentioned Lyman, Wm. H., mentioned Lynch, James J., mentioned Lynch, William F., mentioned Lynn, John T., mentioned Lyon, Isadore, mentioned Lyon, John C, mentioned McAfee, Knox, Jr., mentioned McAllister, Jas., Jr., mentioned McAlpine, Adjutant Gen., mentioned McBride, Thomas J,, mentioned McCabe, P. F., mentioned McCallum, Samuel, mentioned McCann, Charles A., mentioned McCann, William E., mentioned McCarthy, Florence L., mentioned McCarthy, Leonard D., mentioned McCarthy, P. J., mentioned McClmtock, Geo. W., mentioned McClure, George, mentioned . McCombe, George J., mentioned McCormick, Thomas, mentioned McCuIlough, Sergt , mentioned McCurdy Daniel, mentioned . 725 PAGE 4 . 6 13. 14, 25, 38 . 335 621, 632 62S • 679 • 673 • 56 . 642 . 516, 581, 620, 665 . 383. 638 . 680 . 675 • 14 620 • 677 . 622 . 624 . 662 . 646 . 628 662, 673 65o, 670 . 667 . 642 . 646 • 673 663, 673 367. 368 • 673 . 663 60, 636 • 679 . 679 644 . 678 . 680 581, 622, 623, 668, 678 37, 99, 612, 613, 625 , 634 . 642 . 421 66r. 672 726 "Dndes. McDade, George, mentioned . McDonald, mentioned McDonald, Herbert, mentioned McDonald, J. J., mentioned McDonald, Richard, mentioned McDonnell, Edward A., mentioned McDermott, James E. , mentioned McDermott, John, mentioned McDermott, John W. , mentioned McDermott, John Y., mentioned McDermott, Michael, mentioned McDougall, Chas. H., mentioned McElroy, Jno., mentioned McGinley, John, mentioned McGlincy, A., mentioned McGrath, Capt., mentioned McGrath, Charles J. B. , mentioned . McGrath, Asst. -Inspector Gen., mentioned . McGrath, W. J. A., mentioned . ii, 37, 96, 97, 118 McGratty, Edward F., mentioned McGovem, Thomas, mentioned McGpwan, Wm., mentioned McGraw, N. A., mentioned McGregor, Malcolm, mentioned Mclnnes, D., mentioned Mclnness, Chas., mentioned Mcintosh, Col. John B., mentioned McKay, John, mentioned McKeever, Patrick, mentioned McKenna, James, mentioned McKensie, Donald, mentioned McL^ne, John, mentioned McLaughlin, Wm. T., mentioned McL?a, Robert K., mentioned McLean, James JI., mentioned McLeer, Gen. James, mentioned McLewee, Gen. Fred. S., mentioned McMillan, Thomas, mentioned McMurtray, John, mentioned McNab, Wm. F., mentioned . McNamara, John F,, mentioned McNichol, C. D., mentioned . McNully, Andrew J., mentioned , McTiernan, Thomas, mentioned PAGE 641 . 48S • 633 664, 671 626- 678- 673- 64T 662 • 673 62& . 636- 663, 673 630 . 680 104, 112, 113 . 67a • 137 154, 501, 612, 616 617, 625, 628, 637 • 679 646- 664, 675 ■ 675 665 669 665 . 286 646 640 • 639- 628 • 647 661 666, 677 3 370 • 365 • 631 639 630, 641 677 . 664. • 634, 645 . 671 fln&ej. McVey, George P. H., mentioned McVicker, Wm. Neilson, mentioned Macomb, George, mentioned Macdonald, Andrew A., mentioned Macdonald, Charles E., mentioned Macdonald, J. J , mentioned . Macdonald, Norman, mentioned Machesney, C. P., mentioned Mackay, S. R., mentioned Mackenzie, Charles A., mentioned Mackey, S. R., mentioned Mackey, William G. , mentioned Maddocks, George, mentioned Magner, J., mentioned Maguire, Isaac E., mentioned Mahon, George F , mentioned Mahon, W. A., mentioned Maibrunn, John J., mentioned Maidoff, Col. Joachim, mentioned Maidhoff, Wm. J., mentioned Majors, List of Regimental, Malel, Edward B. , mentioned Mallory, Edward, mentioned Malone, Thomas J., mentioned Maloney, Michael J., mentioned Man, Albon P., mentioned Man, Frederick H., mentioned Man, William, mentioned Manchester, James F. , mentioned. Mandeville, William S., mentioned Mangam, Henry L., mentioned Manheimer, Joseph S., mentioned Manning, Oscar S., mentioned Manning, Samuel, mentioned Maralions, N. G., mentioned Marburg, Francis F., mentioned Marbury, Gilbert J., mentioned Marchbank, Walter S., mentioned Marksmen : ' ^ Annually Qualifying, 1875 to 1895, Badge Adopted by Regiment, 1879 Marlow, Henry S., mentioned Maroney, Thomas, mentioned Marr, J., mentioned Marron, Wm., mentioned 662, . 66g, 515. 517, 578 20, 38, 99 727 p A< ; I-: ■ 471 614 646 677 673. 674 617 680 • 674 673 . G64 • 679 . 640 401 667 673 675 679 254 67t 612 626 . 642 . 678 677 . 14 . 634 155, 622, 634, 645 . 641 .^646 . 632 . 646 . 626 631 664 628 634 671 397. 664, 615, 616, 660, . 611 14, 406 • 443 634 . 640 643 664, 675 728 Hn&ej. Marsh, George, mentioned Marsh, Isaac R., mentioned . ... Marsh, Walter R., mentioned Marsh, Wilbur F., mentioned Martial Law at Harper's Ferry, Martin, Alexander F., mentioned Martin, Charles J., mentioned Martin, George R., mentioned Martin, Samuel, mentioned Martin, Walter M., mentioned Martyn, Greenville E., mentioned Maryland Second Cavalry, mentioned Maryland Cavalry, Trouble with, Maryland, .... . . See Pennsylvania Campaign. Maryland Heights, Battery on, . . See Capt. McGrath. Marx, J. H., mentioned Mase, Clarence W., mentioned Massarene, W. G., mentioned Mastin, J. E., mentioned Matthias, F. W., mentioned Mayer, Harry C, mentioned 666, Mead, Augustus W., mentioned Meade, Gen. George G. Gen. Couch's Telegrams to, . 187, 259, 276, 280, 285 Directs Troops to be Addressed as to Importance of the Coming Battle, and Death Authorized of Those Who Fail to Perform Their Duty, ....... 190, 191 Relies Upon Couch to Hold Lee, . . 255, 256 Not Known to Have Commanded at Gettysburgh, . . 260 Telegraphs to Gen. Hallock About Movements of Smith and Couch, 273 Letter to Gen. Smith as to His Movements, . . . 274 Asks Couch to Co-operate with Him, . . 280 Presses Pursuit of Lee, . . . 306 Concentrates His Army Near Williamsport, 311 Thanks to Smith's Division, . . . jiy Mentioned 171, 188, 200, 247, 248, 271, 275, 277, 261, 283, 294, 296, 300 319, 327, 328 Meakim, Willet W., mentioned ...... 631 Medals of Honor Promised to N. Y. N. G. by Secretary of War ; For Service in Pennsylvania, . . ign Promise Never Kept, ... . . jgn Meehon, John, mentioned . . . . 630 PAGE . 633 . 626 626 677 62 672 3 626 645 646 661 672 64 67 41 58, 64 58, 74 639 662, 672 663, 673 633 675 676, 6S0 646 UnOej. 729 PAGE Meek, Fred, mentioned . . . 667 Meeker, William B., mentioned . 2, 4, 25, 612 Meert, Frederick W., mentioned . , 672 Meighan John W. D., mentioned . 667 Meigs, Henry J., mentioned . . . . 2, 4 Meneeley, Robert K., mentioned . 5, 16, 581, 624, 668, 679 Menz, Conrad, mentioned . .... 648 Merchant, C. D., mentioned . . . 664 Merriga, Daniel, mentioned . . . . 644 Merritt, George H., mentioned . 679 Metsger, Abraham J., mentioned . 662 Metzgar, George, mentioned . . 639 Meyer, D., mentioned ... . 669 Meyers, Frederick, mentioned . 641 Meyers, Henry, mentioned . . 674 Middlemas, R. S., mentioned . . 663, 674 Middleton, John, mentioned . , 639 Middleton, W. B., mentioned . 628 Mienken, F. , mentioned . 680 Miggs, O. M., Genl., ... . 314 Mildeberger, Henry D., mentioned . 623, 624 Mildeberger, Oliver D., mentioned . . 629 Miles, Col. Dixon S.: Commands Brigade at Harper's Ferry, . 75 Conduct at its Surrender, . . 113, 655 His Death, .... 114 Acknowledgment of Regiment's Overstaying its Enlistment, . 124 Mentioned ... 21, 61, 68, 125 Miles, Genl. N. A., mentioned . . 370 Miles M. M., mentioned . 581 ,664, 674 Militia, Ununiformed, Parades of, . 354 Miller, Chas. E., mentioned 612, 626 Miller, Francis, mentioned . . 628 Miller, Geo. A., mentioned 446, 486, 488, 611, 612, 614, 615 Miller, George C, mentioned . ... 621 Miller, Gustave, mentioned . 667, 677 Miller, John, mentioned 628, 661, 664 Miller, Louis A., mentioned . . 677 Miller's Battery, mentioned . 162, 180, 245, 252, 254, 298 Miller, Theodore, mentioned . . . 642 613, 619 . 166 . 667 . 668 664 Miller, Thos. L., mentioned Milroy, Genl., mentioned Mills, Samuel A., mentioned Mills, Simpson L., mentioned Mingey, L. P., mentioned 730 Hn&es. Minton, Charles H., mentioned Mitchell, Gregor, mentioned . Mitchell, Robert, mentioned Moantford, Joseph, mentioned Mobs, Proper Management of, Moclins, Nicolas, mentioned Moe, Peter W. , mentioned. Moest, William H., mentioned MoUer, Geo. H., mentioned Moloney, Wm. H., mentioned Monocacy Junction, March to, See Table of Contents, Chap. XXX., p. xviii. Monroe, Col. James : Colonel of Union Grays, Portrait of, . . First Regimental Order, . Methods of Instruction, Description of, Elected Colonel of Twenty-second Orders for Campaign of 1S62, Camp Regulations at Baltimore, . Changes Commissary, Reports Regiment Ready to Move "at once," His illness, Orders as to Duties of Sentries, His Death, His Funeral and Monument, Mentioned Montague, Edvvd. B., mentioned Montague, Henry, mentioned . Montgomery, Alexander W., mentioned Montgomery, John S., mentioned Montgomery, W. R. , mentioned Mood, Abraham V., mentioned Moody, F. G. , mentioned .Moody, Wm. F., mentioned Moon, J. H., mentioned Moore, Alex., mentioned Moore, Arthur L. , mentioned Moore, Eugene, mentioned Moore, Hamson B., ]r., mentioned Moore, J. A., mentioned Moore, Smith Sam., mentioned Moore, Wm. C, mentioned Moore, Wm. J., mentioned , PAGE • 647 . 666 . 642 635 587 63& 661, 672 673 615 640 • 317 5 • 7 • 17 17. 22 2r . 23 32, 33 42, 44 . 46 ■ 5+ 61 7+ 76 7* 19, 24, 36, 47, 68, 80, 6ii, 625 630 64+ 668, 678 672 663, 674 660, 671 643 630 663 677 . 666 646 614 . 664 . 617 630 634, 643 Iln&ej. 73-1 Mora, E. , mentioned . Moran, Daniel, mentioned Morgan, Govr. E. D., mentioned Morgan, H. Morgan, mentioned Morins, Nicholas, mentioned . Moroney, John, mentioned Morre, W. H. H., Morris, Gen. W. H., tactics of, Morris, John O., mentioned Morris, Rich., mentioned Morrissey, George A., mentioned Morrissey, Patrick H., mentioned Mortimer, Edwin M., mentioned Morton, J. W., mentioned Morton, Govr. Levi, mentioned Mosby, John S., mentioned Moses, Charles G., mentioned Moss, Slazenger M., mentioned Mott, Richard, mentioned Motto, " Defendam," Adopted Mountfort, Joseph, mentioned Mount Holly Pass, Muhlenburg, Capt. E. D., Mulgren, Felix A. Jr., mentioned Mullaney, F. J., mentioned Mulligan, James H., mentioned Muller, Charles, mentioned Munroe, Samuel J., mentioned Mura, J. J., mentioned Murphy, A. H., mentioned Murphy, Edmund F., mentioned Murphy, Daniel T., mentioned Murphy, John G. , mentioned Murray, Edwin B , mentioned Murray, E. D.: Wins Aspinwall Medal in 1868, Mentioned Murray, James J., mentioned . Murray, Malcolm C, mentioned Murray, Patrick J., mentioned Murray, Thos. R., mentioned . Myers, Charles H., mentioned Nachman, Joseph, mentioned . Nanheim, Samuel, mentioned . Hash, G. E., mentioned PAGE . 66g . 528 . 30 . . 619 . 64S 645 4 ■ 373 642 639 668 641 666 . 243. 639 368, 370 125, 126 • 679 667, 677 . 646 • 376 646 • 259 187, 226 667, 677 680 660 636, 648 678 • 663, 675 621 . 666, 677 514, 581, 615, 659 . 668, 673 . 639 . 351 628 638 515, 581, 616, 617, 661, 672 . 632 .,646 . 646 677 . 663 . 669 732 ITnOcj. Nast, Thomas, mentioned . . National Guard : Twenty-second Mustered into, September, 1861, How It Was Managed in 1861, ..... Methods Changed by Gen. Shaler in 1868, Regiments Sent to the Field in 1863, Strength of in 1862 Compared with 1895, Incapacity of Its General Officers in 1863, How They Came to Be Sent to the Field, Effect of War Upon, Improvements Introduced by Gen. Shaler, Regiments Disbanded After the War, Old Cavalry in, . . ... Indictment of Officers of, Prohibited, for Acts During Riots, Commissary Department of, at Buffal , . . National Rifie Association, Matches of, . 397, National Rifle Association, Rules of Adopted by Regiment, Navens, Thomas J., mentioned Neefus, Willie E., mentioned Neefus, Willie C, mentioned Neel, Henry P., mentioned Negus, Wm. V., mentioned .... Neill, Gen. Thomas H. : Twenty-second Joins His Division of Sixth Corps at Waynesboro, Reports Gen. Smith's Arrival, Mentioned . . . 286, Nelson, Henry K., mentioned . Nestell, J. J., mentioned Nevins, W. J., Jr., mentioned. Newell, John N., mentioned . Newell, Zenas E. , mentioned New Haven Grays, mentioned . Newman, J. S , mentioned Newman's Gap, March to. See Table of Contents, Chap. XXIV., p. xvi. New Regiments of Volunteers, Ignorance of, Newsome, James, mentioned . Niagara, Visit of Regiment to, in 1892, Nicholas, Edwin, mentioned . Nichols, Henry, mentioned Nickle, Louis, mentioned Niebuhr, William H., mentioned Nineteenth Regiment, N. G. N. Y., mentioned Nineteenth Separate Company, Ninth Regiment, N. G, N. Y., mentioned 138, 416, 419, 421, 422, 431, 441. 25, PAGE • 34S . 22- . 26. . 146- • 149 . 150- . 152 343. 346- • 357' • 451 • 452- • 535 ■ 547' 398, 446- ■ 39&- . 642^ . 628 . 640- ■ 64+ . 668 • 293; • 295 294, 296- . 636- • 639 ■ 630 636, 646 . 642 • 439 . 680- . 278- . 120- . 666- • 569- . 638 , 628 . 648- 662, 673 39. 127- 506, 549. 423, 426- 506, 54& IFnOes. 733 Ninety-sixth Regiment, N. G. N. Y., mentioned Niver, F. M., mentioned Niver, Vincent L., mentioned . Nivers, Mayor, mentioned Noll, E. J, mentioned . Noonan, W. F., mentioned Northrop, H. D., mentioned . Norris, James, mentioned Norris, John S., Jr., mentioned North, Allen C, mentioned Notbohm, Herman, mentioned Nowark, Emil A. , mentioned . Noyes, Charles P., Extract from Diary, Mentioned . Noyes, Col. John, mentioned . Noyes, Daniel R., mentioned . Oakley, F. R., mentioned Oakley, Gilbert, mentioned Oakley, Henry A. : Assists in organizing Union Grays, First Second Lieutenant Company G, Appointed Paymaster at Harper's Ferry, Mentioned . Oakley, H. Cruger : First Second Lieutenant Company C, Appointed First Lieutenant, Brings Detachment to Baltimore, Mentioned ..... Oakley, W. F., mentioned O'Bierne, Gen. James, mentioned O'Brien, T. F., mentioned O'Conner, S. S., mentioned O'Connor, Charles H., mentioned O'Connor, Rich. J., mentioned Odell, Isaac H., mentioned Odell, Joseph M., mentioned . O'Donnell, Frank, mentioned . O'Donnell, Thomas F., mentioned Officers : Civil Officers of Union Grays, First Officers, Company A, First Officers, Company B, First Officers, Company C, First Officers, Company D, First Officers, Company E, 452 . 664 ■ 677 • 335 . 675 . 675 • 633 . 632 • 632 . 627 . 664 . 674 66S . 288 644 254 632 633 629 , 640 4 ■ 14 25 • 37 621 II 25 38 45 76, 97, 617 , 628 633 495 . 665 663 628 632 679 630 660 . 636 646 2 7 10 lo II 11 734 irnoej. First Officers, Company F, First Oificers, Company G, First Oificers, Company H, First Officers, Company I, First Officers, Company K, First Officers, Twenty-second Regiment, In Campaign of 1862, Commissions Forfeited of Those Not Accompanying Regiment to ttie Field, .... Improvement in, in Service, At Harper's Ferry, Portraits of, . Death of Col. Monroe, Lieut. -Col. Aspinwall Assumes Command, Elected in the Field in 1862, First Meeting in Fourteenth Street Armory, Who Served in Pennsylvania Campaign, School for. Established, . Praised by Inspector General Oliver, Who Served in Buffalo Strike, . . . . .514 Who Served in Brooklyn Strike, Of Regiment from Its Organization to 1895, Ogden, W. B., mentioned . . . . 630, O'Hara, James, mentioned Ohio, Eighty-seventh Regiment, Brigaded with Twenty-second at Harper's Ferry, ...... ... O'Keefe, James, mentioned . 665, Olin, Col., mentioned ... Oliver, Asst. Insp. Gen. Robert S., Reports on Twenty-second, 370, 440, Oliver, George T., mentioned . . . . Olmstead, Theo. F., mentioned . . ^ . Olmstead, Wm. T., mentioned . . . . . Olmsted, Frederick D. , mentioned ..... One Hundred and Second New York Volunteers, mentioned. O'Neill, C. A., mentioned . . . . ; . O'Neil, James, mentioned . . . . 486, Orange Riot, See Table of Contents, Chap. XXXVIII., p. xxiii. Orders : First Company, First Regimental, For Campaign of 1862, At Baltimore, PAGE 12 At Harper's Ferry, O'Reilly, George J., mentioned O'Reilly, Wm. H., mentioned . Osborn, Chester W., mentioned 59. 73. 13 13 14 15 23 36 38 47 65 78 81 98 143 156 365 462 567 578 6ri 642 665 64 676 370 460 678 631 672 672 16 665 618 lO 17 33 44 187 646 667 661 UnOeE. Ostemeyer, Frederick, mentioned Otis, Frank A., mentioned Otis, James : First Captain Co. A, Elected Major in Pa. Campaign, . Mentioned . 9> 25, 37, 735 PAGE . 648 9. 638 47i 6, 25 • 154, 76, 96, 154, 180, IQ4, 2ig, 230, 245, 611, 614, 626, O'Toole, Wm., mentioned Overton, E. A., mentioned Owen, Alfred W., mentioned . Owen, Edward L., mentioned , Owens, H., mentioned . Owens, James F., mentioned , Oyster Point, Skirmish at See Table of Contents, Chap. XVII., p. Pages, G. A. J., mentioned Paige, mentioned Paisley, Frank B., mentioned . Palace Garden, see Armory. Palmer, Carleton, mentioned . Palmer, John H., mentioned . Palmer, John K., mentioned . Palmer, T. E., mentioned Palmer, W. F. , mentioned Palmer, Wm. J., mentioned Palmer, William R., mentioned Parades : Funeral of Lieut. Hedden, Dress at Baltimore, Inauguration Day, 1S65, . Genl. Winthrop's Funeral, President Lincoln's Funeral, The Celebration of Peace, To Determine Condition, To Receive Long Branch Testimonial, Genl. Porter's Funeral, On Washington's Birthday Abandoned, To Receive American Team, Philadelphia Centennial, . Evacuation Day, 1883, Bartholdi Statue, . At Philadelphia, 1887, Before Armory Commissioners, . Laying Corner Stone of Armory, . Pardon, Robt., mentioned 634> 18';, 37 307 238 637 663 637 662 645 6og 647 ig2 663 423 672 . 642 616, 617, 628 • 155 422 . 667 ■ 677 623 17 48 345 345 345 396 350 359 371 435 439 440 448 453 453 489 492 640 613, 629, 736 ITn&ej. PAGE Park, A. J., mentioned ...... 63^ Park, B. F., mentioned .... 63^ Park, Joel R. : Wins Aspinwall Medal in 1868, . . . . 351 Mentioned . , . . . . 622 Parker, George M., mentioned ...... 626- Parker, Govr. Joel, mentioned . . . . 395 Parker, Rupert, mentioned . . . . 629- Parkhurst, Geo. W. , mentioned . . . . 677 Parks, Edwin J., mentioned . . . . 667, 677 Parmelee, Wm., mentioned ... . . 633- Parmenter, Henry, mentioned . . 636 Parry, J. H., mentioned . . 663, 674 Parsons, A. M., Jr., mentioned . . . . 14 Parsons, John E., mentioned . 15, 25, 621 Parsons, S. A., mentioned . 629> Pasco, W. H., mentioned . 663, 674 Patosky, A., mentioned .... 669, 680 Patterson, C. Stuart, Account of Attack on Carlisle, . 214, 229 Patterson Park, ... ... 42- See Harper's Ferry Campaign. Patterson, Henry C, mentioned . . . . 63r Paul, Frederick S., mentioned . 647" Paul, S. R., mentioned . ... 675 Paulding, Henry J., mentioned . . . 645 Paymasters, List of Regimental, 622 Payra, W. H., mentioned . . 221 Pearce, George W., mentioned Pearsall, Marion R.. mentioned Pearse, Geo. B., mentioned Pearse, Geo. E., mentioned Peck, George W., mentioned Peck, John J , mention^ Peekskill, March to. See Table of Contents, Chap. XLI., p. Pelham, Thomas M., mentioned Pelletier, Saml. K., mentioned Pennoyer, Edwin, mentioned . Pennsylvania Reserves' mentioned Pennsylvania Campaign, 1863, See Table of Contents, Chaps- XII. to XXXI., pp. x. to xix. Perham, T. R, mentioned Perkins, Thos. A., mentioned . , 60, Perkins, Thomas S., mentioned 640 306, 616, 627, 638 . 629, 195, 241 . 644 671 642 662 634 298 142 203, 220, 254, 261, 279, 286, 664, 674 632, 644 • 115 ITn&ej. Perkins, Samuel C. . First Lieut. Landis' Battery, Commands Section at Oyster Point, Guns of, at Carlisle, Account of Attack, Mentioned . Perrine, Lewis H., mentioned Perry, John, mentioned Peters, George E., Jr., mentioned Peterson, D. S., mentioned Peterson, Julius, mentioned Petosky, A., mentioned Pettigrew, Genl. Jas, T., Pettitt, Gaylord, mentioned Phelps, George D., Jr., mentioned Philadelphia, Regiment Fed at, in 1862, Enthusiastically Received at, in 1863, Excursions to, Phillips, A. Melville, mentioned Phillips, G, L. , mentioned Phillips, Lewis, mentioned Phillips, Samuel M., mentioned Phillips, Thos. J,, mentioned Phillips, Wm. H., mentioned . Picket Duty at Harper's Ferry, Pidgeon, Arthur J., mentioned Pidgeon, Julian R., mentioned Pierce, Chas. L., mentioned Pierce, William E. , mentioned Pierson, James, mentioned Pin, Regimental, Adopted, Pinckbeck, Henry C, mentioned Pinckney, Chas. W., mentioned Plans for New Armory, Plant, H., mentioned Pleasonton, Genl., mentioned Pletcher, Frank, mentioned Plumb, Clarence H., mentioned Plumb, George A., mentioned Plume, Major-Genl., mentioned Plumes, . Plunkett, James E.. mentioned Plyer, H G,, mentioned Poggenberg, G. L., mentioned 737" PAGE- 159, 160 160, 201 ■ 230- ; 238 179, 288. • 677 . 630 . 66& . 629 . 66(> 669, 68a . 312. . 671 • 633 ■ 39' 35, 126 • 149' 444. 453 . 640- 665, 675 . 677 515, 582, 659, 670 • 632 . 630 . 82 . 660 60, 627 . 628 • 659 . 642 • 379 . 630 . 630 490, 491, 492 . 680 247, 283 662, 673 . 672 . 661 • 39r ■ 380, 381 647 • 633 663, 674. 738 Hn&eE. Police : In Orange Riot, At Buffalo, . In Brooklyn, Pollock, George H., mentioned Pomeroy, Dan E., mentioned . Pope, Gen. John, mentioned Porter, Josiah . Elected Captain of Company G, 1865, Elected Major. 1867, Elected Lieutenant-Colonel. Elected Colonel, Description and previous Military History of. Improvements in Methods, introduced by. Colonel Church's Tribute to. Death and Funeral of, . Mentioned . 394, 417, 423, 428, 429, 446, 449. 450, 457, 485, 486, Porter, Walter B., mentioned . Porter, William B., mentioned Porter, W. C, mentioned Post, Alfred A., mentioned Post, Charles A., mentioned . Post, Geo. B.: First Captain Company C, Elected Major, November, 1863, . Elected Lieut. -Colonel, 1865, Elected Colonel, 1867, Mentioned . Post, Jotham W. , mentioned Post, N. K , mentioned Post, W H. B. , mentioned Posten, George, mentioned Poster, mentioned Potter, Capt. T. N., mentioned Potter, Capt., mentioned Potter, Geo. F., mentioned Potter, Harry J., mentioned . Potomac, Army of, joined by Twenty-second, See Table of Contents, Chap. XXVI., p. xvii. Potts, Harry S., mentioned Power, William T. p., mentioned Praeger, Semon, mentioned Pratt, Augustus, mentioned 76, 97. 155. 175, 194, 504 545 574 668 619 105 351 • 353 . 360 . 362 . 362 363, 364. 365, 366 • 367 368, 369, 370, 371 430, 433. 436, 440, 441, 443 458, 465, 466, 472, 478, 484 489, 507, 508, 611, 620, 636 . 671 . 660 • 675 . 634 . 32, 38, 96, 617, 625, 628 II, 2.5, 37 • 352 • 353 195, 230, 611, 616, 628, 640 37, 154, 613. 625, 637 . 613 154, 634, 637, 645 638 ■ 377 . 172 • 469 . 622 662, 673 • 293 . 668 . 678 . 665 . 628 ITnDeE. Pratt, I. G., mentioned Pratte, Ernest A., mentioned . Preece, Wm. E., mentioned Price, Thomas, mentioned Price, Vincent, mentioned Priest, Jose D. C, mentioned Pringle, J. W., mentioned Proniclc, L., mentioned Proper, Isaac, mentioned Providence : Excursion to, in 1868, Liglit Infantry Entertained, Pruyn, Capt., mentioned Pryor, Private gth Regt., mentioned Pryor, William K., mentioned Puffer, F. C, mentioned Purdy, Charles, mentioned Putnam, Sam'l, Jr., mentioned Quaclcenburgh, Lambert, mentioned Quaclcenbush, Robert C, mentioned Quartermasters, List of Regimental, Quick, William, mentioned Quickley, C. J., mentioned Quigley, J. A., mentioned Quincy, Josiah, mentioned Race, F. W., mentioned Rae, Giles, mentioned . Raime, William R., mentioned Raimon, William, mentioned . Rand, Thos. D.: Report on Pennsylvania Campaign of Landis' Battery, Randall, Darley, mentioned Randall, E. D. W., mentioned. Randolph, John, mentioned Randolph, John F., mentioned Rankin, Robt. G. J., Jr., mentioned. Ransom, J. C. B., mentioned . Rappleyea, James C, mentioned Rathbone, Adjt.-Genl. John F., Badge of, Ray, Richard C, mentioned Raynor, Chas. H., mentioned Raynor, John H., mentioned Reading, Jas. A., mentioned . Reading, M. Floyd, mentioned Rebbuhn, Jacob, mentioned PAGE ■ 32- . 678 614, 615 16, 155, 624, 647 665, 674 622 • 639 66g, 680 . 641 437 • 438- 510, 517 • 431 6r3 665, 675 . 677 663, 674 644 661, 671 . 613 . 642 . 680- 516, 619, 664 432 . 665 581, 621, 666, 677 . 638 626, 638 179, 312 629. • 633 638. . 642 633, 644 • 645 . 632 . 401 62& . 642 662, 672 630, 641 12, 61S . 648. 740 Hn&ej. Rebhun, Jacob, mentioned Jiechlin, A. G., mentioned Redfern, A. H., mentioned Redmond, William, mentioned Regan, T. A., mentioned Regiments of N. G. Sent to the Field in 1863, Disbanded in 1880, Regimental Recruit Squad, Established, Reid, Alexander F., mentioned Reid, Charles, mentioned Reiley, Peter J., mentioned Reineker, George W. , mentioned Remington Rifle: How Its Calibre Was Fixed, Opposition to, . . First Issued to 22d, Hemmey, William W.: One of the Original Members of Co. B, . Elected Second Lieutenant at Harper's Ferry Elected Captain of Co. B in Pennsylvania, Elected Lieutenant-Colonel, 1S67, Elected Colonel, 1868, Description of, Illness and Death of. Mentioned . . 201, 383, 611, Reno, Col. M. A., Report of, to Couch that Confederates Carlisle, ...... Renwick, James, Jr., mentioned Revielle, P. E., mentioned Reynolds, Charles, mentioned . Riblet, Wm. H., Capt., mentioned Rice, Edward J., mentioned . Rich, Edwin S. , mentioned ... Richardson, Captain H. B., mentioned Richardson, Hudson, mentioned Richardson, William Y. , mentioned Richter, Frank, mentioned Riddell, George, mentioned Riddle, William Q., mentioned Rider, Arthur W., mentioned . Riehl, C. H., mentioned Rifflard, H. Emile, mentioned Rifle Association of Co. F, Regimental, PAGE 636 665, 675 675 . 671 • 639 . 146 364 634, 645 636 646 639 . 358 • 359 374. 394 10 • 338 • 307 353 . 360 360 . 361 615, 616, 627, 638 Had Entered . 172 . 24 663, 673 634, 671 • 335 582, 670 647, 654 . igo • 647 . 642 . 56i 677 644 , 679 • 675 . 661 • 395 396, 402 Hn&ej. Rifle Practice: First Had at Baltimore, With Blank Cartridges, . ... At Target at Harper's Ferry, Firing Lying with Muzzle Loaders, Springfield Issued in Place of Enfields, Remington Issued, and How the Calibre Was Fixed at 50, Rifle Practice at Long Branch, Rifle Practice at Sing Sing, Aiming Drill Prescribed, . Orange Riot Demonstrated Necessity of. See Table of Contents, Chap. XXXVII., p. xxi. Hifle Practice in Regt., Statistics of, Riley, George H., mentioned . Riley, Michael, mentioned Rilling, Chas. F., Jr., mentioned Rinehart, Arthur, mentioned Ringer, F. C, mentioned ..... Riots : In Spinola's Brigade, Draft, . , Signal for, on Fire Bells, prescribed. Orange, Tompkins Square meeting. In Buffalo, . In Brooklyn, Ritchie, Andrew, mentioned . Ritchie, John, mentioned Ritter, Godfrey, mentioned Roach, Fredk. B., mentioned . Roach, William T., mentioned Robbins, Edward H., mentioned Robbins, George A., mentioned Robbins, Horace W., Jr., mentioned Robbins, James E. , mentioned Robbins, James S., mentioned Robbins, John M., mentioned . Robbins, R. A., mentioned Robbins, Richard H., mentioned Roberts, Alfred, Jr., mentioned Roberts, Charles F., mentioned Roberts, Charles S. . mentioned Roberts, Edgar A.. First Captain Co. K, Mentioned . Roberts, Robert D., mentioned 741 'AGE 46 67 68 106 357 358 359 361. 390 364 424. 425, 443 405 679 647 661, 672 671 616, 660, 671 130 332 . 361 437 409 441 504 573 622 620 636 662, 673 662 668 4 633 626 77 647 613 666 . 661, 672 • 377, 613 626 16, 139, 155 624, 647 429 742 Ifnaej. Roberts, Thomas E., mentioned Roberts, William, mentioned . Robinson," August A., mentioned Robinson, Graham, mentioned Robinson, James A. , mentioned Robson, George, mentioned Rodenbough, General Theo. F., Reports on Inspection of 22d, PAGE 666, 677 661, 671 • 63+ . 646 634, 645 644 367, 369, 459, 460, 472 Rodenstein, D , mentioned . . . . . Rodenstein, Louis A., mentioned . . . . Rodes, Genl. Robert E., Reports He Was Moving to Attack Harrisburgh on June 30, 1863, ...... 429. 613. Roe, Captain Charles F., mentioned Roedell, Randolph H., mentioned Rogers, A., mentioned Rogers, H. S., mentioned Rogers, N. P., mentioned Rogers, Wm. C. , mentioned Rohaut, Albert, mentioned Romain, Chas. J., mentioned . Romaine, Henry G. , mentioned Ronk, Charles C. Van, mentioned Ronsone, Benj. P., mentioned Roome, Col. Charles, mentioned Rorhabeck, W. C, mentioned Rosengarten, Corp., mentioned Rosevelt, George W. , mentioned Ross, George W., mentioned Ross, W. H., mentioned Rosselle, William H., mentioned Rossiter, mentioned Roth, Leonard W. , mentioned Rothschild, Ernest E., mentioned Ro'jtledge, John, mentioned Roux, Alex. S., mentioned Rover, Harry C, mentioned . Rowe, W. , mentioned Rowe, Wm. F., mentioned Rowedder, Henry, mentioned . Rowland, William S., mentioned Ruby, C. W., mentioned Ruggles, Adjt. -Genl. , mentioned Ruble, Alexander C, mentioned Rumpler, Adelbert, mentioned Russell, Alden A., mentioned . 377. ■ 665, 661, 207, 210, 237, 214, 60, 390. Iqo . 370- . 662 . 6S0- . 1+ 14, 622 612, 613. . 675 632: 679. 676 673 254. 663 2l6 647 640- 629 636 513 679. 662 628 397 662 643 632 621 662 665 367 ■ 679 648 665- IFnOej. Russell, C. E. , mentioned Russell, Edward, Wins Aspinwall Medal in 1865 Mentioned . Russell, Robert J., mentioned . Russian Bear Presented tn> Union League Club, Rutledge, Richard, mentioned ; Ryan, Daniel J., mentioned Ryder, Thos. F., mentioned Ryer, John, mentioned Saben, Chas. D., mentioned Sammona, Chas. F., mentioned Sammona, Thos., Jr., mentioned Sandford, General Charles W. : His Hdqr. Papers After Twenty Years Did Not Fill a Hat, Appearance in Pa. Excites Surprise in N. G., His Military Methods, How He Obtained Authority to Go to Pa , His Management of Draft Riots, . Presents Colors to 22d, Sanitary Commission Presents Havelocks, Bibles and Hymn Books, Fair for, in 14th St. Armorv, Sanders, A., mentioned Sanders, Henry, mentioned Sands, George M., mentioned Sands, John S., mentioned Sanglier, Thomas H., mentioned Sanglier, Thomas F., mentioned Sargent, Harry B., mentioned Sarles, James M., mentioned Satterlee, Lt., Col., mentioned Sayles, J. Aug., mentioned Schaefer, Henry, mentioned Schaffer, Addison, mentioned Schaible, H., mentioned Schaible, J., Jr., mentioned Schenck, Abraham H., mentioned Schenck, Gen. R. C, mentioned Schening, Chas., mentioned Scheurer, John H., mentioned Scheweyer, George, mentioned Schiffer, G. L., mentioned Schlecht, E. C, mentioned Schlesinger, Arthur, mentioned Schley, Robert H.. mentioned Schloesser, Philip, mentioned .... 743 PAGE 675 351 620 632, 643 591 665, 675 628, 639 620 625 624 631 631. 642 27 149 150, 151 152, 153 338 351 5, 48 436 6S0 645 662 646 626 638 679 636 to8 678 667, 677 640 643 643 77, 626, 637 192, 255 , 662 668, , 678 . 642 669, , 680 . 680 678 662 . 673 . 648 744 UnOes. Schmalholz, E. B., mentioned Schmelz, Peter, mentioned Schneider, George J., mentioned Schoonmaker, Edgar S., mentioned Schoonmaker, Henry, mentioned Schopp, Otto, mentioned Schore, C. F., mentioned Schramm, John, mentioned Schropp, John C mentioned Schueler, Otto, mentioned Schuff, E. J., mentioned Schuhman, Sam., mentioned Schuman, Frank C, mentioned Schwabeland, Christian, mentioned Schwanemann. L. E. . mentioned Schwarte, Jurgen H., mentioned Schwarz, Frank F., mentioned Scofield, Chas. H , mentioned Scofield, William, mentioned Scofield, Wm. H., mentioned Scott, Private, mentioned Scott, Frank J., mentioned Scott, T. A., mentioned Scowcroft, Wm. J , mentioned Scudder, M., mentioned Scully, J. J., mentioned Seacrist, Joseph, mentioned Searls, James W., mentioned Seaward. Benj., mentioned Second Battalion, 22d in Brooklyn, mentioned Second Class Shots, List of Annual, . Second Provisional Regiment, mentioned Second Separate Company, mentioned Secor, R. J., mentioned Sedgwick, Genl. John, mentioned SeeJey, Fred. E. , mentioned Seely, George W., mentioned . Seerey, James, mentioned Sector, Henry C, mentioned Seibert, John, mentioned Seibert, Malcomb, mentioned . Seitz, Jno. , mentioned Senior, Thos. H., mentioned . Sentries, duties of, defined by Col. Monroe, . At Harper's Ferry, PAGE 665 648 662, 673 616 640 667 643 631 644 674 665, 675 667 640 665, 674 675 662, 673 662 632 636 672 243 678 247 667 639 674 634 60 629 5SI, 582 ,583 406 550 549 515, 659 284 . 662, . 673 647 . 660, , 671 14 648 679 . 665 154 . 637 ■ 74 . 81 ITnOes. 745 PAGE Serrell, Edward P., mentioned 672 Servants, at Harper's Ferry, . 85 Seventeenth Regiment, N. G. N. Y., mentioned . 166 Seventh Regiment, N, G., mentioned . 31, 33, 39, 41, 51, 127, 129, 135, 146 322, 335, 336. 347. 348. 416, 419, 420, 431, 439, 441, 444, 483, 5S4 Seventh Separate Company, . .... 506, 550 Seventy-first Regimsnt, mentioned . . 30, 31, 39, 127, 146, 166, 245, 253 298, 306, 439, 506, 549, 584 Seventy-fourth " " 146, 505, 550 Seventy-ninth " " 452 Sexton, Edward, mentioned 154, 637 Seymour, Gov. Horatio: Omits 22d from Regiments ordered to front in 1862, 27 Includes them in new order, 30 His thanks to 22d on its return 139 Called upon by President in 1863 for troops, 145 Correspondence with Stanton as to forwarding troops to Pa. in 1863. 142 143. 144, 145, 146, 152 Correspondence with Gov. Curtin, of Pa. , 14J, 147 List of 15,000 troops forwarded by , 147 Again appealed to send additional force, 149 Requests Stanton to return N. G. to suppress draft riot, 318 Eleven regiments ordered home, , . 319 Seymour, Roderick B., mentioned 627 Seymour, Wm. H., mentioned 631 Shaler, Major-Genl. Alexander, reforms N. G. methods, . 27 Shaler's Badge, . . . 397 Sharpshooters, List of annual, 406 Shea, R. F., mentioned 663 Shea, S. D., mentioned 663, 674 Shelley, Charles G. , mentioned 668 Shelton, W. H., mentioned 114, 634, 645 Shenandoah Valley, . 28 See Harper's Ferry Campaign. Sheppard, George, mentioned . 633. 644 Sheridan, Edwrard J., mentioned . . 660, 671 Sherman, Gen. T. W., commendation of introduction of rifle practice, 392 Sherman, W. W., mentioned 634 Sherwood, Dan, mentioned . 617 Sherwood, Francis P., mentioned 630, 642 Sherwood, Louis J., mentioned . . 666 Shinn, Charles P., mentioned . . . 508, 528, 660 Shoes : Army brogan, wrorn in 1862, . 81 Worn out in march through Pa. , 292, 296, 323 746 1[nOei. PAGE Needed in Buffalo, 5^9 In Brooklyn, . . 5^7 Shofield, William, mentioned . 6o Shopp, Otto, mentioned . . 678 Shore, Albert, luenlioned , . , 628, 640 Short's Patent Knapsacks, mentioned 376 Shrive, William, mentioned . 65i. 672 Shuhman, Saml., mentioned . 677 Shultz, Adjt. Gen., mentioned 172 Sielz, Jno., mentioned . 675 Silber, F. A., mentioned . 629, 640 Silliman, Jas. R., mentioned 645 Silva, Theodore, mentioned . 644 Simons, A. E. , mentioned 643 Sims, Harry L., mentioned . 613 Simpson, Joshua H., mentioned 638 Simpson, Montague T., mentioned 660, 671 Sinclair, Nathaniel, mentioned . . 636 Sing Sing: Shooting at, 361, 390 Excursion to, 437 Sitts, Frederick E. , mentioied 661 Sixty-ninth Battalion, mentioned 584 Sixth Separate Company, 506, 550 Sixteenth Separate Company, , 506, 538, 539 Sixth Corps Joined by Twenty-second N. G. N. Y., at Waynesboro, 293 Sixty-fifth Separate Company, 146, 505, 549 Sixty-seventh Separate Company, . . 146 Sixty-eighth Separate Company, 146, 254 Sixty-ninth Separate Company, 39, 127, 146, 554 Sixth Regiment, N. G., mentioned, 146, 416, 419, 422, 428, 431, 452 Skeller, Clarence M., mentioned . 622 Slade, Francis H., mentioned 115, 621, 632 Slade, Fred. J., mentioned . 633 Slater, James J., mentioned . 667, 677 Slaves; Fugitive, Invisible to Sentries, .... 86 Crowds of, at Harper's Ferry, . 87 Driven South After its Capture, . 87 Stiles, Frank G., mentioned . . 638 Sliney, F. F., mentioned 665. 674 Slocum, John J., mentioned . . 632, 638 Slover, Warren G. T., mentioned .... . 644 Small, James, mentioned .... . 64(> Smith, Alex., mentioned . . , . 645 ITn&eE. 747 PAGE Smith, Alfred H., mentioned ... . 634 Smith, Charles H., mentioned .... 679 Smith, Charles B., mentioned . . 623, 635 Smith, Charles F., mentioned . . . 614, 615, 616 Smith, Charles S., mentioned . 36, 76, 254 Smith, Charles W. , mentioned . . 634 Smith, D. N., mentioned . . . 663, 674 Smith. Edmund, mentioned . . . 642 Smith, Edward A., mentioned 630, 641 Smith, F. S., mentioned . . 663 Smith, George Moore, mentioned 10, 11 Smith, Hamel, Jr., mentioned . 633 Smith, Isaac, mentioned . 155, 618, 629, 641 Smith, Genl. Jesse, mentioned . . 166, 246, 253 Smith, Rev. John Cotton : First Chaplain of Regiment, . 25, 37 Sermon at Harper's Ferry, . . 95 At Camp Cox in Pa., ... . 177 Mentioned. . . . 614, 626 Smith, John H., mentioned . 647 Smith, JohnS., mentioned . 647 Smith, Jos. M., mentioned 514, 577, 581, 583, 613, 659, 670 Smith, Joseph, mentioned . . 640 Smith. R. A., mentioned . . . 643 Smith, Sam. M., mentioned . 618, 629, 641 Smith, Samuel, mentioned 631, 639 Smith, Wibur C, mentioned . . 644 Smith, William B., mentioned 516, 581, 612, 619, 665, 676 Smith, William C, mentioned . . 644 Smith, Genl. Wm. F. (Baldy) : Portrait of. . . 153 Ignores Genl. Ewen, . . 153 Only had two Batteries in His Division, 162 Green Reg'ts Delay His Division, . 164 Correspondence with Colonel Copper, 172 Assigned to Command of all Troops South of Susquehanna, on June 25, . . . 173 Accompanies Ewen's Brigade to Oyster Point, 193 Endeavors to Arrange for Supplies from Harrisburgh 205 Is Somewhat " Disgruntled," . 206 His Appearance m Carlisle, . . . 215 Extracts from His Report, 224, 226, 279, 285 Delayed at Carlisle until July 4. . . . 247, 257 Presented with Silver Urn by Ladies of Carlisle, 251 Orders Division to Move on July 4, . . 252 748 Ifn&cs. PAGE Organizations Composing It. 253 Correspondence with Couch, 256, 23i, 2S3, 296 Delayed by Furious Storm, 260 Correspondence with Genl. Batterfield, 273 Correspondence with Genl. Meade, 274. His Intention to Strike Lee's Rear, 275 Genl. Warren's Letter to, . 281 Correspondence with Genl. Williams, 281, 283, 294, 296 Correspondence with Genl. Pleasanton, 283 Orders Command to Prepare for Engagement, 297 Order of Thanks to His Division, 317 His Statement of Its Privations, 328 Mentioned, . . 199, 204, 219, 220, 222, 230, 235, 237, 243, 248, 249, 256, 258, 259, 269, 270, 276, 277, 282, 287, 295, 296, 314, 318, 319, 327, 328 Snow, Alfred D., mentioned 628 Snow, Alfred H., mentioned 623 Snyder, Francis, mentioned 644 Soavey, Robt. M , mentioned 673 Sohl, Chas. J., mentioned 666 Somers, Charles, mentioned 640 Songs of the War, . 90 South Mountain, March Across, 258 See Table of Contents, Chap. XXII., p. xvi. South Mountain Gap. March Through, . 321 Soutter, William E. . Assists in Organizing Co. G, 14 First Lieut, in Penn. Campaign, 155 Dies from His Hardships, 330 Mentioned 115, 228, 621, 644 Spalding, John C, mentioned 662 Spear, Saml. , mentioned 675 Spellman, Michael J., mentioned 666 Spence, H. L., mentioned 665, 675 Spencer, Lorillard, assists in Organizing Union Grays, . 1,2 Spinolas, Genl. Frank. Riot in Brigade of, 130, 132, 340 Spradt, H. N., mentioned . 643 Sprague, Adgt Genl. John T.. Correspondence with Stanton in Regard to Forwarding N. G. Regiments, 144. 145. t47 Springfield Rifles, Issued to Company I, in 1862, 36 Issued 10 Regiment, 357. 374 Sprole, John, mentioned . . 644 Stackpole, Robert, mentioned . . . 640 Stafford, Harry E , mentioned . . . 582. 613, 670 ■ffnOej. 749 PAGE Staking; Out a Star in 1862 . 105 Staking Out a Star in 1893, . . 535 Stall man, Frederick L., mentioned 666, 677 Stallman, John H., mentioned 634 Stampfer, Oswald, mentioned . 665 Stansberry, Edward A. , mentioned . 3 Stanton, Secretary Edward M.: Calls for Troops in 1862, 29 Correspondence with Gov. Seymour in 1863, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 152 Correspondence with Gen. C. W. Sanford as to N. G. Generals Having Command, .... . I32 Correspondence with Gen. Couch, 171, 177, 199 Report of Gen. Thomas to, of Defence of Carlisle, . 248 Dissatisfied with Couch's not Pushing Smith Forward from Carlisle, 257 Orders N. Y. N. G. Home to Put Down Draft Riots, 319 Mentioned . 165 Stanwood's Cavalry, mentioned 193 Stanwood, David, mentioned 674 Stanwood, Lt. Frank, mentioned 226, 279 Stapleton, E. J., mentioned . . 640 Starwood, David, mentioned 663 State Camp, . . . 459 See Table of Contents, Chap. XLI., p. xxv. State Prize Won by 22d in 1873, . 405 Stearns, Stephen H., mentioned . . 646 Steiger, Augustus K., mentioned 671 Stendecke, R. A., mentioned 665 Stephenson, George W., mentioned . . 677 Sternberger, Henry S., mentioned 613, 665 Sterry, Col., mentioned . 426 Stevens, Edward, mentioned . 633 Stevens, Francis K., mentioned 633 Stevens, Theodore F., Jr., mentioned 673 Stevenson, Robert, mentioned . . 673 Steward, W. P., mentioned 639 Stickelman, William P., mentioned . 638 Stillwell, Wm. M., mentioned 618 Stinson, George B., mentioned 629 Stoddard, Charles H., mentioned 581, 615, 670 Stone, Wm. F., mentioned . 633 Stonehill, A. J., mentioned . . 668 Stonehouse, Asst. Adjt. Genl. John B., mentioned 145 Storms, William K., mentioned . 642 Stott, Frank I., mentioned . . 581,623, 624 Stouten bough, Wm., mentioned . . 633, 644 75° IFnOej. Stowell, H B., mentioned Strafford, George, mentioned Stranch, W. F , mentioned Strangman, John, mentioned Stratton, William W. , mentioned Strauch, W. L., mentioned Street Riot Drill Devised by Col. Porter, Strikes, Usual Course of, Strohecker, E. A., mentioned Strohmenger, Charles, mentioned Strong, Frederick W., mentioned Strouse, C, mentioned Strouse, Ned, mentioned Strube, G. A., mentioned Struthers, Robert W., mentioned Stryker, E., Gen., mentioned Stuart, Gen. J. E. B. ^ Jenkins Brigade of His Division, 22d Makes Forced March to Carlisle to Precede Him, Troops Composing His Division, Col. Garnett's Account of Its Movements, Its Actions at Carlisle, His Official Report, Reasons for His not Attacking Carlisle, Mentioned . 258 Stuart, Montrose, mentioned Stubbings, John, mentioned Sturges, Charles W., mentioned Sturges, Edward B., mentioned Sturges, Fred., mentioned . . 13, nj^ 632, Sturges, William, mentioned Styles, R. Kelly, mentioned . . 614, 622, Sugar, Edgar : Wins Aspinwall Medal in 1868, Sullivan, George, mentioned Sullivan, James, mentioned Sullivan, John J., mentioned Sullivan, P. V., mentioned Summer, J. T. B., mentioned Surgeons, List of Regimental, Assistant, List of Regimental, Susquehanna, in Camp on, See Table of Contents, Chap. XV., p. xiii. Sutton, Woodruff, mentioned Swainki, Albert, mentioned PAGE 663 629 680 634 647 669 366 , 441 573 674 624 662 66g 680 666 397 401 667 370 193 204 220, 228 221 222 223 240 259 291 679 639 666 644 662, 672 629, 640 623 501 351 646 626 661 665, 675 668, 680 613 613 168 630 678 fn&eE. 751 Sweeney, Charles, mentioned Sweeney, Pairick, mentioned Swinnerton, James A., mentioned Swope, Benedict W., mentioned Sy, Charles W., mentioned Sylvester, mentioned Sylvester, Alphonse A., mentioned . Sylvester, J., mentioned Sylvester, Lewis J., mentioned Swallow-tail Full Dress Coat, Sword Bayonets, on First Rifles, Abandoned, Swords, adopted for First Sergeants, 1S95, Tainter, Charles, mentioned Tallman, George A., mentioned Tallman, G. P., mentioned Tappen, George W., mentioned Target Firing, see Rifle Practice. Tate, Alason B., mentioned Tate, Elmer M., mentioned Tate, James H., mentioned Tate, Samuel R,, mentioned . Tate, Thomas, mentioned Taylor, Alfred B., mentioned Taylor, Chas. H., mentioned Taylor, Ediv. A., mentioned . Taylor, Franklin M., mentioned Taylor, James F., mentioned . Taylor, John B., mentioned Taylor, William, mentioned Taylor, Wm. H., mentioned Taylor, Wm. M., mentioned . Taylor, Wm. W., mentioned . Taylor, Col. W. W., mentioned Team, First Regimental Rifle, Certificates Given to. Discontinued, Importance of, Tebbitts, W. F., mentioned Tenth BattaUon, Tenth Separate Company, Terhune, Charles H., mentioned Terhune, Jas. A., mentioned . Terry, Horrace, E. F., mentioned Terry, John W. mentioned PAGE 647 . 631 661 672 623 14 66g 679 680 662 381 20 357 382 627 679 663 60 626 . 666, 677 666, 677 668 668, 678 616, 617, 629, 640 G34 673 617 666 641 • 667 351 632 641 630 254 399 401 402 402 665 506 506> 549, 550 666, 677 618, 630, 642 627 667, 678 752 -Snaes. PAGE. Thacher, Wm. C, mentioned . . • 678 Thayer, Henry W., mentioned . . . 641 Thirteenth Regiment, N. G., mentioned 39, 41, 51, 127, 135, 146, 253 298, 329, 359, 506, 549, 551 Thirty-first Pa. Militia, mentioned . 254, 298 Thirty-second Pa. Militia Reserves, mentioned 254, 298 Thirty-third Pa. Militia Reserves, mentioned 254 Third Brigade, Sixth Corps, Joined by Twenty-second, N. G. N. Y., 293 Thirtieth Separate Company, mentioned . . 550 Thirty first " " mentioned - 549 Tnirty-second Regiment, N. G. N. Y., mentioned 506, 550 Thirty-fourth " " " " 549 Thirty-sixih '■ .... .. _ ^^q Thirty-seventh " " " " 30, 31, 39, 41, 51, 127, 138, 146, 153, 166, 180, 192, 197, 201, 202, 207, 210, 226, 234, 254, 260, 298, 309, 452, 506, 549, 550. Thomas, Andrew J., mentioned 677 Thomas, Col., mentioned 174, 248 Thomas, Ellis R., mentioned 629 Thompson, E., mentioned . 640 Thompson, George J., mentioned 679 Thompson, H. B., mentioned 390 Thompson, H. S., mentioned 663, 674 Thompson, Jessie M., mentioned . . 644 Thompson, John, mentioned . . . 627 Thompson, John C, mentioned 37, 91, 99, 154, 625, 637 Thompson, John Hamon, mentioned . 633 Thornell, Thomas L. . Elected Second Lieut., Co. D., at Harper's Ferry, . 38, 96 Captain in Penn., 155 Mentioned iiS, 178, 617, 618, 629, 641 Thornton, John, mentioned . . . 642 Tnrockmorton, B. W. , mentioned . 645 Thurston, Nathaniel B.. mentioned 370, 470, 473, 489, 516, 581, 61S, 619, 664, 674 Thyne, Robt. , mentioned . 668 Tice, Henry, mentioned 636 Tief, John P. , mentioned . . . 642 Tift Farm, 516, 537, 549 Tinsley, James H., mentioned 646 Tier, D. M., Jr., mentioned . 633 Todd, A. U. , mentioned . . . 64a Tompkins, Jas. E., mentioned . 631 Tompkins, John M., mentioned . . . . (t^o Tonsuhden, W. H., mentioned . . 665, 676 Topping, Chas. D., mentioned . 616, 617, 629, 640 •ffn&CS. 753 PAGE Totten, Hiram, mentioned . . 632 Totten, William S., mentioned . 647 Townsend, Adi.-Genl. Fred., mentioned . 460 Townsend, Adj.-Genl., Franklin, mentioned 358 Townsend, Asst. Adj.-Genl. E. D., promising medal of honor, i8g Townsend, Edw. M., mentioned . . 6, 343, 353, 611, 614, 623 Townsend, Geo. C, mentioned . 627 Townsend, Wm. H., mentioned . 636 Trafford, Col. Benj. F., mentioned . . . 253 Tramps at Buffalo, ... . 563 Treadwell, Harry H., mentioned . 514, 515, 577, 581, 612, 616, 659, 66a Treadwell, Wm. B., mentioned . . . 660, 671 Trickey, Aaron, mentioned . 647 Trimble, James C., mentioned 628 Troop A, N. G. N. Y., mentioned . . 506, 584 Trumm, Conrad, mentioned . . 677 Trumpet Drills by, Introduced by Col. Camp, . 451 Turnbull, Wm., mentioned . . . 632 Turner, Charles H., mentioned 606 Turner, John H., mentioned 390 Turner, Martin J., mentioned . . 642 Turney, Aug. M., mentioned . 631, 642 Turney, Joseph A., mentioned . . . 665, 67?) Tuttle, George A , mentioned . . 581, 613, 670 Twelfth Regiment, N. G , mentioned 39., 41, 51, 53, 64, 127, 129. 136, 146, 233, 439, 506, 511, 540, 554 Twenty-first Regiment, N. G. N. Y. , mentioned . . 146 Twenty-first Separate Company, mentioned ; . . 506, 550 Twenty-third " " mentioned 506, 510, 549 Twenty-sixth " " mentioned . . 506, 549, 550 Twenty eighth Regiment, N. G., mentioned . 146, 253, 298 Twenty-second Regiment, Organization of : Banks and Insurance Companies Decide to Organize Brigade of Union Grays; Committee's Advertisement and Meeting for Or- ganization, May 31, 1861, . I Civil Officers Elected, . 2 Honorary Members of Union Grays, . 3 Resolutions Appointing Associate Committee from Banks and Insur- ance Companies, ... 3 Standing Committees Appointed, . . 4 Amount Subscribed, . : 5 lames Monroe Selected as Colonel, 5 Company A ; Its Organization and Its First Officers, 6 Its Armory on Sixth Avenue,. 6 Its First Company Order, 9 754 ITnDcj. Company B ; Organized From Federal Chasseurs and Joins Twenty-second, November ii, 1861, Its First Armory and Officers, Company C ; Organized May 13, 1862, Its First Officers and Armory, Company D ; Organized from Different Banks, Its Armory and First Officers, Company E ; Organization, Armory and First Officers, Disbanded in 1863, and Re-organized in 1868, . Company F ; Organized January 8. 1862, Its First Armory and Officers, Company G , Organized from White Ball Club, Its First Officers, Becomes " City Cadets," Joins Union Grays, Company H ; Organized from White Ball Club, Drilled as Flank Company to Act as Skirmishers, Its First Officers and Armory, Company I ; Organized Upon the Departure of the Regiment, Ji 1862, . Its First Officers and Armory, (See also Chap. IV., Page 36). Company K ; Organized February, 1863, from " Lindsay Blues,'' Its First Officers, . ... First General Order Issued to Twenty-second, First Parade of the Twenty-second, Strength of Companies April 1, 1862, The " Strawberry Gray " Uniform, Enfield Rifles Imported by the Regiment, Sword Bayonets not Admired, Regimental Headquarters Procured in Fourth Street, Col. James Monroe, Description of. Companies Drill Three Times a Week, . Thorough Course of Instruction Prescribed by Col. Monroe, Regiment Joins the State National Guard, Officers of Twenty-second at this Date, How the National Guard was Managed in i36i, Changes made by Genl. Shaler in 1868, . First Uniforms, Arms and Officers, The First Call to the Field, The Departure for Baltimore, .... Service at Baltimore, Ordered to Harper's Ferry, Harper's Ferry, An Attack Threatened, PAGE the 10 II II II II 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 15 ;ne, 15 15 16 16 16 17 . 18 • 19 20 20 . 21 21 . 22 . 22 23 24 . 26 • 27 24 28 34 41 54 . 64 ■ 103 •ffnOes. Ordered Home, Guarding Spinola's Brigade, A New Colonel and a Regimental Armory, Ordered to Pennsylvania, The Departure for Pennsylvania, Harrisburgh, The Camp on the Susquehanna, . Fortifying Bridgeport, Harrisburgh in Danger, Oyster Point, The Advance on Carlisle, The Defence of Carlisle, . Moving to Intercept Lee's Army, The Mountain Passes, Under Meade's Orders, To Newman's Gap, Altodale or Funkstown, Joining the Army of the Potomac, Marching Through Maryland, Supporting Kilpatrick's Attack on Hagerstown, The Expected Battle, The March to Monacacy Junction, The Start for Home, The Draft Riots, . To the Close of the War, . After the War, Changes in Tactics, Changes in Uniforms, Inauguration of Rifle Practice by the Twenty-second, The Orange Riot, . From 1869 to i8go. The Veteran Corps, State Camp and the March to Peekskill, The Fight for a New Armory, Bands, Ordered to Buffalo, Major Bartlett's Battalion, Col. Camps' Battalion, and the General Situation, Lieut. -Col Kmg's Battalion, The Return from Buffalo, The Brooklyn Trolley War, Strength at Inspections, Appendix : Officers of the Twenty-second Since Its Organization, Roll of the Regiment in Service in 1862^ 755 PAGE . 124 . 130 • 137 . 142 148 . 158 168 174 186 . 192 . 201 . 209 252 . 258 • 273 278 290 • 293 . 300 . 308 • 3" 317 • 325 • 332 342 • 347 372 375 386 409 435 455 459 . 482 49S 504 • 517 ■ 537 • 552 • 556 573 . 608 . 6ir . 625 756 ■ffn&es. Roll of the Regiment in Service in 1863, Members of the Twenty-second Who Served in the Regiments, The Capture of Harper's Ferry, Roll of the Regiment in Service in Buffalo, Roll of the Regiment in Service in Brooklyn, Mentioned . ... Twenty-eighth Pa. Militia, Gray Reserves, mentioned Twenty-fifth Regiment, N. G. , mentioned Twenty seventh Pa. Militia, mentioned Twenty-third Regiment, mentioned 146, 156, 174, 185, 253 32g, 391, 442, 506, 550, 577 Udell, John A., mentioned Ullrich, Edw. , mentioned Ulrich, Louis A., mentioned Umfrid, Frederick, mentioned Unger, Joseph, mentioned Uniform, " Strawberry Gray,' Paid for by the Men, Fatigue Issued for Field in 1862, Gray, Sent Home in 1062, and Army Blouse and Trousers Worn Changes in Uniforms, See Contents, Chap. XXXVI., p. xxi. Uniformed Veterans, See Veteran Corps. Union Grays, Organization of, Union League Club of Brooklyn : Hospitality to Regiment During Trolley Strike, Regiment Presents Bronze to. Uniformed Militia, Upton's Tactics, . . 354, 373, Usher, Bloomfield, mentioned Van Antwerp Prize, mentioned Van Buren, Chas. T. , mentioned Van Buren, D. T., mentioned Van Brunt, P. W., mentioned Van Brunt, Peter W. , mentioned Vance, Harry C, mentioned . Vandervoort, E. M., mentioned Vandervoort, J. H., mentioned Van Dyke, Henry L. R., mentioned Van Dyke, Marinus H., mentioned Van Emburgh, C. J , mentioned Vangelson, Wm. M., mentioned Van Loan, Thos. , mentioned . Valentine, David, mentipned . Valentine, J. J., mentioned PAGE 637 Field in Other 649 "55 659 670 583. 584 254, 298 39. 127 254. 298 , 261, 282 298 306 . 583, 589. 590, 599 662 667 666 660 660 19. 375 19 31 rs Worn, 80 374, 617, 619, 664, 629, 3, 19 591 591 354 618 674 443 645 57 77 627 660 680 643 632 641 640 642 6ig 636 646 UnBej. 757 PAGR Valentine. John C, mentioned , 646 Van Schaick, Dunville, mentioned . 622 Van Schaick, Donald; Wins Aspinwall Medal in 1868, 351 Van Sicklen, George E., mentioned 636 Van Vechten, L. G., mentioned 624 Varian, Genl. J. M., mentioned . 370 Varian, Josiah G., mentioned . . 129, 253, 417, 418, 419, 423, 426, 428 Venable, Mayor, mentioned . . , 224 Venton, Col. David H., mentioned . 144 Vere, John ti., mentioned . 647 Verplank, Robert N., mentioned . 638 Vessar, Charles, mentioned . 644 Veteran Corps : See Table of Contents, Chap. XL., p. xxiv. Mentioned . . 485 Victor, F., mentioned . . . 680 Vidal, Austin, mentioned . 668, 678 Villar, Charles J., mentioned . . 666 Vinton, Isaac D., mentioned 641 Vinton, Col. D. H., mentioned 144 Virgil, Charles S., mentioned 666 Virginia . See Harper's Ferry. Vreeland, Albert H., mentioned 672 Vreeland, Robt. H., mentioned 662 Vogel, Fredk., Jr., mentioned 664 Von Sieghardt, Max, mentioned . 677 Vose, J. A., Wins Aspinwall Medal in 1868, . . 351 Vose, Richard : First Capt. Co. D., . . 12, 25, 38 Mentioned . . 437, 438 Vought, Edward M., mentioned . . 640 Wadsworth, John, mentioned . . 3 Wagner, Sergt., mentioned 399 Wait, Edward A., mentioned . 628 Waite, William, mentioned . . . . 660 Wallace, William : Wins Aspinwall Medal in 1865, . 351 Mentioned ... . . 634 Wallace, Wm., mentioned . 645 Walker, Alexander J., mentioned . 634 Walker, Charles D., mentioned . 87, 91, 125, 154, 620, 625, 631, 637 Walker, Floyd, mentioned . . 660 Walker, Henry P., mentioned . . 679 Walker, James C, mentioned . . 66i 758 •ffnOej. Walker, James H., mentioned Walker, James H., mentioned Walker, L., mentioned Walker, L. W., mentioned Walker, R. S., mentioned Wallace, John, mentioned Wallace, W. H., mentioned Walsh, J. C, mentioned Walsh, John J., mentioned Walter, Arthur H., mentioned Walters, William McM. , mentioned Walther, Philip, mentioned Walton, Charles O., mentioned Wannemacher, Charles, mentioned Wanser, Horace, mentioned . Warburton, Frederick, mentioned Ward, Alonzo, mentioned Ward, Frederick B., mentioned Ward, Col. John, mentioned . Account of Capture of Harper's Ferry, Ward, J. Langdon, mentioned Ward, Mr., mentioned Ward, Stephen, mentioned Warren, A. W., mentioned Warren, Genl. G. K., Letter to Gen. Smith, Warren, Irving T. , mentioned Warwick, John, mentioned Washausen, Fritz, Washington Gray Troop, mentioned Washington, Inauguration, Parade at Centennial of, Wasshausen, Frederick, mentioned Wassman, George H., mentioned Waterbury, Joseph P., mentioned Waterhouse, George, Waterman, Captain, mentioned Waterman. W. J., mentioned Watlington, Bernard, mentioned Watson, George H., mentioned Watson, James G., mentioned Watson, Samuel C, mentioned Watson, W. T. , mentioned Waydell, John, mentioned Waynesboro, March to. Wear. E. L., mentioned Webb's Ship-yard, Defense of, in Draft Riots, PAGE . 631 64+ 643 . 640 629 678 663, 674 665 667 63a 647 636 . 668 665, 676 . 644 • 674 666, 677 ■ 644 117 655 . 612 227 • 634 665, 673 . 281 662, 673 672 . 648 415, 450 • 452 636 666, 677 641 . 644 • 511 665, 676 • 630 . 617 ■ 677 . 641 664, 674 612, 614, 615 ■ 293 • 643 335. 339. 385 ITn&eE. Webster, Matthew H., mentioned Weed, DeWitt C, mentioned Weed, Ira F., mentioned Weed, F. W., mentioned Weeks, F. E., mentioned Wehrman, William, mentioned Wehrle, Celestin S., mentioned Weinberg, J. W., Weinstock, M., mentioned Welch, Col. Samuel, mentioned. Welling, J. O., mentioned Wells, Francis C, mentioned . Wells, M. A., mentioned Wells, Van Vorst, mentioned . Wendel, Capt. Louis, mentioned Wentworth, W. B., mentioned Werner, A. M., mentioned Werner, C. M., mentioned Wesley, J. E., mentioned Wesson, Edward, mentioned . West, Capt. Preston F., mentioned West, Isaac H., mentioned West, Jos. G. , mentioned Westervelt, Edward C, mentioned Weston, Albert T., mentioned Wetzel, George, mentioned Wevil, Richard H., mentioned Whalen, Martin J., mentioned Wheelan, W. T., mentioned Wheeler, Albert H., mentioned Wheeler, Elijah B., mentioned Wheeler, Timothy S., mentioned Wheelwright, B. F., mentioned Wheelwright, Wm. G. , mentioned Wheelwright, W. S. , mentioned Whelan, Lt., mentioned White, A., mentioned . White Ball Club, mentioned White, Charles Trumbull, mentioned White Coats Adopted, 1 876, White, Erskine, mentioned White, Frank C, mentioned . White, Henry I., mentioned . White, Henry J., mentioned . White, Henry T., mentioned . 759 PAGE 646 615 629 669, 680 640 671 514, 659 680 . 669 370 . 668 646 629 6C7, 677 • 370 676 680 680 665 627 280, 318 616 618 678, 688 . 613 666 666, 677 . 666 680 . 627 636 636 634 623 634 • 297 . 640 ■ 13 13. 14, 25, 37. 77, 633, 625 . 381 37, 77, 625 • 665, 676 60, 630 624, 647 16, 155 76o ITnOes. PAGE White, J., mentioned . 643 White, James, mentioned . . . . 635 White, John S., mentioned . 622 White, Loring Q., mentioned . . . 636, 646 White, Thos Perkins, mentioned . . 633 White, W. H., mentioned . 665, 676 Whitehouse, Wm. J., mentioned . . 641 Whitemore, Sydney, mentioned 646 Whoff, Christian, mentioned . ... 648 Whorlnauch, Henry, mentioned 648 Whyta, David C, mentioned . 644 Wnyte, Robert J., mentioned . 668, 678 Widersheim, Col., mentioned . 443, 444 Wightman, John H,, mentioned 575, 616, 660 Wilcox, Harry, mentioned 668, 675 Wildey, Joseph W., mentioned , . 306 Wilkenning, William, Jr., mentioned . . 679 Wilkes, John de P., mentioned . 627 Wilkins, Geo. W., mentioned 645 Wilkinson, A., mentioned 515, 582, 659 Wilkinson, Albert, mentioned . 670 •Will, Dr., mentioned 214 Willard, E. M , mentioned 674 Willard, Percy W., mentioned 679 WiUetts, C. H., mentioned 643 Williams, Assistant Adjt.-Gen. Seth : Correspondence with Gen. Smith, 281, 283, 294, 296 " " Gen. Sedgwick, . 284 Gen. Neill Reports to, \. 295 Mentioned , . . iqi, 317 Williams, Private, mentioned , . . 216 Williams, Edmund, mentioned 633 Williams, Frederick, mentioned . 671 Wilmerding, J. C, mentioned . . ^ (,32 Williams, Thomas R., mentioned , . , gsg Wilsey, John E. : Assists in Organizing Union Grays, . , First Captain Co. E, . . 12, 15 25 37 Colonel of I02d N. Y. Vols., . . .16 Mentioned . . . . 3- -g j,, Williamsport, Expected Battle at, ..... 311 See Table of Contents, Chap. XXIX., p. xviii. Wesley. John M., mentioned . , . gig, 530 Wilson, Charles, mentioned g, j Wilson, Charles H., mentioned . , (,yj IFnDej. 761 PAGE Wilson, Edison E., mentioned , » 673 Wilson, F. F., mentioned , 629 Wilson, Francis F., mentioned . 641 Wilson, Frank, mentioned 660 Wilson, J. F., mentiond . 640 Wilson, J. M., mentioned . 674 Wilson, John N., mentioned . 642 Wilson, John W., mentioned . . 630, 641 Wilson, L. E., mentioned . . .172 Wilson, Robt. G., mentioned . . . 622 Wilson, R. J., mentioned . 669 Wilson, Samuel, mentioned . . 646 Winans, Edward P., mentioned . 668 Winchester (see Harper's Ferry); Guarded by Regiment, 81, 100 Company G Sent to, . 125 Wingate, Geo. W. : Joins Company A when Organized, 6 Meets a Schoolmate Under Water, . 72 Wins Glove IMatch, . . 74 Recorder of Court-Martial at St. John's River, 108 Account of Genl. Bustead's Review, 133 Col. Garnett's Letter to, . 214 Orders to, at Carlisle, Not Followed, . 237 Designs Device for Dress Hat, . 37g Introduces Rifle Practice in Company A, . 387 Prepares Rules for Firing at Long Branch and Supervises Practice, 388 Invents Revolving Target . . . 388 At the Request of Officers, Prepares Manual for Regiment, 389 Resolutions Presented to, . 389 Supervises Practice at Sing Sing, . 390 Regimental Manual leads to Formation of National Rifle Association, of Which He Is Made Secretary, . . . 391 Commendations of Capt. Blunt in Regard to System of, 391 Mentioned , . . 96, 214, 614, 615, 627, 637 Wingate, J. Phelps, mentioned 383, 387 Wingate's Manual of Rifle Practice, . 389, 391, 393 Wingate Revolving Target, 388 Winter, Emil, mentioned 636, 648 Winterbottom, John, mentioned 636 Winshy, Jas. M. , mentioned . . 627 Winston, F. S,, mentioned . • • 3 Winston, Jos. S., mentioned . 634 Winterbottom, John, mentioned ... 60 Winthrop, Gen., Funeral of, . . . 345 762 irnOcj. Wintringham, Sidney M., mentioned Wishart, Rich. D., mentioned Woehning, Th. W., mentioned Woehr, Emil, mentioned Wolf, George, mentioned Wolf, H. S. , mentioned Wolford, George H., mentioned Wood, Charles, mentioned Wood, C. D., mentioned Wood, Charles D., mentioned Wood, Harry, mentioned Wood, William, mentioned Woodford, Stewart L. , mentioned Woodhouse, F. A., mentioned Woods, Charles, mentioned Woodward, John B., mentioned Wool, Major-Gen. John E. : Succeeds Gen. Dix at Baltimore, Orders 22d to Harper's Ferry, Inspects Regiment at Harper's Ferry and Compliments It, Mentioned Woolley, G. A. C, mentioned Wright, George F. , mentioned Wright, J. M., mentioned Wright, William N., mentioned Wyatt, Sergeant, mentioned WyckofI, Albert, mentioned Wynkoop, Augustus W., mentioned Wysan, Paul A., mentioned Yard, Hiram J., mentioned Yates, Gen,, mentioned Yellow Breeches Creek, Fording of, Yeomans, Abraham J., mentioned Young, Eben, mentioned ./• Young, G., mentioned Young, Harold E. W. , mentioned Ycung, Henry A. F., mentioned Young, Thomas W., mentioned Young, William, mentioned Young, William G., mentioned Young, William W , mentioned Youngs, Alfred, mentioned Youngs, George, mentioned Zielecke, E. G. , mentioned Zilm, Harry, mentioned Zust, H. K., mentioned PAGE . 661 ■ 634 632 665, . 676 . 660 680 661 154 [, 634. 637 680 668 662 629, 641 593 640 671 253, 329. 358 50 53 lit, 75 54. 55, 75. 125. 338 643 667 665 667 431 37. 91, 625, 635 634 662, 673 631 167 261 627 632 60 683 673 673 638 638 668 627 638 676 660, , 671 582, 665, 670