(^xtvmli ICam ^fljonl Cibtara Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® This book was digitized by Microsoft Corporation in cooperation witli Cornell University Libraries, 2007. You may use and print this copy in limited quantity for your personal purposes, but may not distribute or provide access to it (or modified or partial versions of it) for revenue-generating or other commercial purposes. Digitized by Microsoft® SIE FEANK LOCKWOOD Digitized by Microsoft® Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924021673078 Digitize by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® ^a!&*. PS^^ioUifJ--^ LDiidon.Publii.)iedhy Smith Elder .1- Co. IFiWaterlooPidee.SW Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® SIR FRANK LOCKWOOD A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH AUGUSTINE BIEEELL WITH POBTBAITS AND ILLUSTRATIONS LONDON SMITH, ELDEE, & CO., 15 WATEELOO PLACE 1898 [All rights reserred] Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® CONTENTS CHAPTER FAG£ I. Early Life 1 II. Cambridge 24 in. Early Days in London 39 IV. At the Bar and Marriage 52 V. At the Bar and in Politics 78 VI. The FntL Tide of Life 102 Vll. Her Majesty's Solicitor-General . . . 134 Vni. America 165 IX. Last Days 188 X. Characteristics and Impressions . . . . 199 Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® ILLUSTEATIONS Sir Fbank Lockwood Sketching . . . Frontispiece FACSDiniE OF Letter to the Bev. Me. Batley To face p. 50 The Mabch of Intellect Mb. Edison A Sketch of President Cleveland . Me. Bryan Speaking Sib Frank Lockwood on His Favourite Mare Facsimile of Letter to Agnes Lockwood . . Moses before the Bbcoeder of Sheffield Moses on the Treasury Bench . . . . Moses Behaving Eudbly to Aunt Maria on THE Ice ........ Moses Snowballing Aunt Maria . . . . Mabia Jones The Eev. Tobias Boffin pays a Call . . . 58 176 184 186 199 208 210 210 212 212 212 216 Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® LIFE OP SIE FEANK LOCKWOOD CHAPTEE I EAELT LIFE I HAVE felt from the first that the task friend- ship has allotted to me is one it is almost impos- sible to discharge to anybody's satisfaction. To write a short sketch of some one of brilliant parts but obscure destiny, whose life's story was ' a fragment known to few,' who never had justice done to him, and over whose new-made grave a great silence brooded, would be (so at least I have often thought) an easy and de- lightful thing to do. But that is not my present enterprise. The multitude of Lock- wood's friends overwhelms me. The men who delighted in his society, who have walked and B \^ Digitized by Microsoft® LIFE OF SIR FEANK LOCKWOOD talked and shot and ridden with him — judges, barristers, doctors, actors, politicians local and imperial, country parsons, school friends, college friends, friends in the Courts of Law and of both Houses of Parliament, of the moor and the river, crowd upon me, and, in my imagination, assume an almost threatening attitude. I seem to see ' Their dreadful faces thronged and fiery arms,' and already hear their tumultuous but unanimous verdict : ' This pale shadow is not the Frank Lockwood we all knew and loved. In your puny bit of portraiture we read no tokens " of the large composition of this man." ' A multitude of friends does not necessarily secure a rich storehouse of biographical material. One cannot dispense with manuscript. The old saying holds true, Litera scripta manet. Striking figures, powerful personalities, men who in their own day could never be overlooked, who were always the centre of the liveliest circles, have before now passed clean away out of the world, leaving no record behind them, save it may be in casual references to be found in the letters and diaries of far less significant persons. Sir Frank Lockwood kept no diary except Digitized by Microsoft® EAELY LIFE when on his brief travels, and the only regular correspondent he ever had was his father, who died in 1891 . These letters with the fewest exceptions have been mislaid. His great gift of illustra- tion, which accompanied him all his life and became his second nature, tended to destroy, by rendering unnecessary, the habit of conveying his mind by writing. It is no exaggeration to say that he communicated with his family and ■friends pictorially. To publish more than a few examples of these picture-letters would be to turn what is at all events meant for a biography into a portfolio. Therefore, in putting forth this meagre sketch of one who was so generally beloved, and by few more than by myself, I ask for indulgence and some recognition of the difficulties which un- avoidably beset me. Frank Lockwood was born at Doncaster, in a pleasant house which overlooks the broad way that leads to the race-course, on the 15th of July, 1846. He always loved his native town, and could have exclaimed with Southey, ' Eeader, if thou carest little or nothing for the Yorkshire river Don, or for the town of Doncaster and for the B a Digitized by Microsoft® LIFE OF SIR FKANK LOCKWOOD circumstances connected with it, I am sorry for thee.' But for my part I am well content to refer those of my readers who are fond of topography to the second volume of ' The Doctor,' where they will find a vast deal about Doncaster, and will indulge myself in but one other quotation from a very agreeable book which Lockwood loved because it was so fuU of Doncaster. ' He liked Doncaster because he must have been a very unreasonable man if he had not been thankful that his lot had fallen there, because he was use- ful and respected there, contented, prosperous, happy ; finally, because it is a very likeable place, being one of the most comfortable towns in England, for it is clean, spacious, in a salubrious situation, weU-built, well-governed, has no manu- factures, few poor, a greater proportion of inhabit- ants who are not engaged in any trade or calling than perhaps any other town in the kingdom ; and moreover, it sends no members to ParKament.' Lockwood's great-grandfather and grand- father were both Mayors of Doncaster (1823 and 1832), where, however, they were engaged — happily engaged, I will make bold to add, in the teeth of Southey's gentility — in the trade or Digitized by Microsoft® EAELY LIFE calling of quarriers of stone at Levitt Hagg, a business still carried on, in the fourth generation, by Frank's brother, Alfred Lookwood. The grandfather, Joseph Lockwood, was held in such regard at Doncaster that for some years he filled the of&ce of judge on the race-course, and a busto of him at one time (if it does not now) adorned the old Betting Eooms. Lockwood's father, Charles Day Lockwood, was in the family business, and married in November 1842 Jane Haimes Mitchell, and there was issue of the marriage seven children, whose names are given in the note below.^ Lockwood's eldest and dearly-loved sister, Mrs. Atkinson, who was in the early days her brother's constant companion, has kindly sent me the following notes of his childhood : ' You have asked me to write down a few personal recollections of my brother Frank's earliest years, and of the home in which he ' Lucy Ellen, b. December 1843, m. J. M. Atkinson. Charles James, b. February 1845, d. March 1, 1873. Frank, 6. July 1846, m. Julia Kosetta Schwabe. Alice Mary, b. April 1849, d. February 1854. Madeleine, b. June 1851, d. February 1854. Alfred, 6. July 1858, m. Ada Elizabeth Temperley. Agnes Mary, b. March 1856, m. Harold Jackson. Digitized by Microsoft® LIFE OF SIE FRANK LOCKWOOD lived. His great-grandfather came to Doncaster from ^nother part of Yorkshire, and was what is called a self-made man. Of his nobility of character my father spoke frequently ; he used to tell us stories of the days when our great- grandfather was Mayor of the town, and how the inner delights of the Mansion House and its store-room were open to himself and his brothers in their school-days. When my father was especially pleased with Frank he used to say, "How much that boy is like my grandfather." Our grandfather inherited the business and interest in large limestone quarries, which are still worked by a firm one of whose members is my brother Alfred — of the fourth generation. The firm built the boats and barges required in carrying stone from the quarries, and a river boat built for them was always a resource for my brothers on holidays. Possibly Frank then acquired the taste for boating which was after- wards shown at Cambridge, where he was captain of the Caius boat. ' Frank was born at a house in South Parade, Doncaster. From the windows of our nursery we could watch all that came in or out of the Digitized by Microsoft® EAELY LIFE town — on market day the carts of varied kinds which came in from the numberless villages round the town, many from Lincolnshire villages ; great droves of cattle on their way from Scotland to London. Two annual horse fairs were held in the street, and there was the interest of the boys in the horses, and the humours and oddities of the men who bought and sold. In the Yeomanry week we were martial. Our nurse allowed us to make the window ledge, which was wide, our table at breakfast time, that we might lose nothing of the soldiers, who rode home from exercise and drill at that time. The people who passed to and from the races came largely to amuse us, so at least we felt — indeed, we learnt a great deal about the world from that window. ' My father was an artist of real ability, and our most treasured toys were those which he made for us ; a set of race-horses and jockeys cut out of cardboard and beautifully coloured were made by him when he was a boy himself. ' My father continually illustrated our chats, drawing sketches suggested by the incidents or anecdote of the moment ; and in the early nursery Digitized by Microsoft® LIFE OF SIR FRANK LOOKWOOD and school-room days Frank was continually drawing — indeed, pencils and paint-brushes were busy weapons with the three of us, who did all things together in those days. Unfortunately the pencils were usually of slate, and so Frank's drawings, though they excited our admiration, were not preserved. He drew battles, fights, and other stirring scenes, talking all the time as rapidly as he drew. We had for several years always a Christmas tree, when such things were rare in England. The tree stood in a case of plaster representing a hill ; the shepherds and sheep were there, and the Star of Bethlehem was at the top. Pretty things came from Niirnberg to dress the tree, and my father made the rest, assisted by my mother. They wrote for us in turn a poem for Christmas, a nicely printed copy being given to each of us on Christmas Eve. We sang carols round the tree, servants and children being trained by a musical friend to sing in parts. The Christmas tree was never repeated after the death in 1854 of two httle sisters. Our mother always talked to us on Sunday afternoon, not giving us so much a Scripture lesson as advice, which none of us Digitized by Microsoft® EARLY LIFE could ever forget. Truth and honour were much insisted on. Frank's education was begun at home under a clever governess, who was a quakeress. Doncaster had at that time many quakers, and the dress was rigidly adhered to then. The horse fair was held in the main thoroughfare, and the Yeomanry week was another delight, especially to Frank. ' My mother's maiden name was Mitchell. Her parents were Scotch. Of my maternal grand- father's descent, I only know that he was an Aberdeenshire man. ' My maternal grandfather was a school- master. When my mother was born he lived at Market Harborough, but afterwards removed to Leicester, where he remained until his death in 1859. He was a man of considerable learning. He read his Bible in the original tongues, and knew also Arabic, Syriac, &c. He amused him- self by making us learn sentences in these tongues, which we repeated parrot wise. We delighted in his laboratory, where science was made amusing for us. To swing all together on a platform, held in suspense by a giant magnet, was one of our joys. Charlie alone, I fear, Digitized by Microsoft® 10 LIFE OF SIR FRANK LOCKWOOD profited by the lessons our grandfather gave us there. The good people of Leicester were at that time, it seems to me, to be always putting up lightning conductors, and none was com- plete until my grandfather's approval was given. A few years ago I was introduced to the Town Clerk of Leicester, when visiting the town on business, as Mr. Mitchell's grand-daughter. " Dear me ! " he said, " the grand-daughter of my old friend thunder and lightning Mitchell " — an amusing greeting. My grandfather had a good deal of humour, and I can remember how he loved to draw out Frank's repairtee by quiet teazing. Our mother was educated at Miss Eranklin's school in Coventry. " George Eliot " was one of her school-fellows there : they met once again only, in their later days. I have heard that the training in English composition was most rigorous and excellent at this school, and certainly my mother was a great authority on the matter to all our friends. She edited many a pamphlet or letter of importance. My father told her so often, " Jane, you ought to write a book," that it became a family joke. Her reply was always the same, "My dear, I Digitized by Microsoft® EARLY LIFE 11 have nothing to write about but you and the children," and certainly her continual self-denying economy enabled my father to give my brothers the education which they both desired for them. Some heavy family claims weighed much upon my father, who was chivalrously unselfish aud tender-hearted. ' Two friends of our parents were Mr. Edward and Mr. Charles Wehnert. Mr. Edward was an artist. Some of his pictures are now at South Kensington — " The Prisoner of Gisors " is one, I think. Both were witty and very interesting men. Mr. Charles Wehnert Hved in Sheffield, where he was a foreign correspondent, and also taught languages : from my earliest years until long after I married he spent every available holiday with us. He brought us dehghtful books, toys, cutlery, " Grimm's Fairy Tales " illustrated by his brother, German Volkslieder, bringing them out by degrees at unexpected moments. Much as we liked his toys and books, his inter- esting talks with our parents and the wonderful jokes we all enjoyed together had far greater charms in our eyes. The last new book was discussed or introduced to us, and when he was Digitized by Microsoft® 12 LIFE OF SIR FRANK LOCKWOOD away his correspondence was much enjoyed. In his later years Mr. Wehnert became somewhat of a hermit in his ways. He was a short man with a very long beard, a long coat, and what we considered shocking hats. My sister-in-law never saw him, but once, after hearing Frank and myself talking about him, she said, " Well, Frank, Mr. Wehnert may be a very nice old man, but I do not think you would like to be seen with him in London." "Indeed," said Frank, " I should be very proud to walk down Piccadilly with him." ' My brothers' first schoolmaster was a clergy- man who took only a few pupils. The discipline in this school was lax, and in consequence the two boys were sometimes turbulent at home and brought themselves under condemnation for small offences. I remember so well how they would wait on such occasions in shelter of a summer-house near the garden entrance my father used when he returned from business, begging him, " Dad, we are to go to bed at six o'clock ; ask mamma to let us ofi." The punish- ment was usually remitted. ' Frank was always the light of our house, Digitized by Microsoft® EARLY LIFE 13 and his quaint bright speeches were quoted, though few of them have been handed down. The mother who " kept them in her heart " died many years ago. I remember that once our nurse came laughing into my room on a Sunday evening. " The boys " had been too noisy after bedtime, Frank particularly shouting "Yankee Doodle" at the top of his voice. When she bade him remember what day it was he replied, " Eliza, the glory of the day has departed." Small nursery punishments were frequently turned into privileges by his quick wit. His humour, which was a reflection of our mother's, stood him often in good stead when a " scolding " was earned : she rebuked Frank with her lips, but her eyes sparkled appreciation when he said an apt thing in his own defence. In the days when he and my brother Charles were pupils at Mr. Lane's school, Edenfield House, they often followed the hounds, taking turns to go out with a friend ^ who lent a pony for the occasion ; sometimes, too, they followed together on foot when the meet was near enough. My father took them sometimes to the races in September, but as they grew older ' Richard Morris, now of Beeohfield, Doncaster, Digitized by Microsoft® 14 LIFE OF SIE FRANK LOCKWOOD he feared lest they might become too eager in this pleasure, and gave them their choice of seeing the " Leger " run or of spending the week at the sea-side with our mother ; they always chose the latter. He invented all our games, which were often played as a continuative story — the same characters with new incidents every day. It was he who was ingenious on April 1. On one occasion a boy who ran errands &c. was his victim for the day. After he had been sent on various foolish messages, including several to a bootmaker's shop, our mother came to the school-room and said : " Frank ! Mr. Green [the bootmaker] wishes to see you ; you must go to him at once." Frank looked uneasy, but he had no choice in the matter, and set off to meet the justly irritated tradesman. My brother Charlie confided to me that Frank had taken a shoe, in need of repair, concealed beneath his jacket. He came back with a cheerful face, scot free, and said, " Mr. Green will mend the shoe and send it home." I believe that Frank worked very well at Mr. Lane's school. Mr. Lane was much attached to him, and always foretold that he would one day make his powers Digitized by Microsoft® EAELY LIFE 15 felt. The two brothers were at first daily pupils, but became boarders in 1860, when my father removed to Manchester. A master at Mr. Lane's school, Mr. Brightwell, was a very able man, and I beheve that only in the classics his education was not so good as could be wished. Frank's taste for drawing was encouraged there, and the lessons were good for the period. I was boarding then at a school in Doncaster, and at church my brother and I sat in square pews near each other. We rarely saw each other except across the aisle. One day I received a most amusing note from Frank, complaining of having suf- fered punishment for looking at me in church. The master in charge declined to believe it was Frank's sister who was the object of his glances, and hence the trouble. All letters I received were, according to rule, under in- spection. I well remember being very uneasy about showing this one, and how my school- mistress laughed and enjoyed the joke when she read the note. My sister went to the same school many years later, and she has told me how my brother's letters with their wonderful illustrations were eagerly looked for by the Digitized by Microsoft® 16 LIFE OF SIE FRANK LOCKWOOD ladies of the school. When my brother Frank came to the Grammar School in Manchester, my elder brother Charles was already pupil to an engineer there. His health failed, and he took a voyage to Australia. On his return he passed the Indian Civil Service, and was for three years in the N.-W. Provinces and the Punjaub. He gave great promise of being a useful public servant, but after three years was invalided home. He died soon after his return, on the 3rd of March, 1873. In his second year in India he sent home 50Z., his first savings, with the request that Prank's gown and wig might he his gift when he was called to the Bar. There was a close friend- ship between the two brothers. Mr. Walker was at that time high-ma,ster at the Manchester Grammar School. Prank worked very hard indeed for several years, and had in vacation and other times a tutor to work him up in subjects in which he had lost time.' In 1860 the family moved from Doncaster to Manchester, but, as Mrs. Atkinson mentions. Prank continued at Mr. Lane's school at Eden- field House until 1863. During this period, namely, in June, 1861, he succeeded in passing Digitized by Microsoft® EARLY LIFE 17 the Oxford Local Examination for Senior Students, being placed in the Third Division, and having prefixed to his name that asterisk which betokens that the candidate has succeeded in satisfying the examiner in the rudiments of faith and divinity. This was no great feat of scholarship, but I mention it because Lockwood always found a sturdy satisfaction in the reflec- tion that though he had no passion for examina- tions, yet he never failed in passing one that resolutely crossed his path. In 1863 Lockwood left Doncaster for good and all, and joined his parents at Manchester, and on the 3rd of August in that year he was entered as a scholar of the old Grammar School of that murky city. He made his way up in due course, and it is the tradition, for which there is no warrant in the school books, that when he left in 1865 to proceed to Cambridge he had reached the sixth and head-master's form. One of the older masters still at the school clearly remem- bers seeing Lockwood as a boy standing at Mr. Walker's table in the sixth form room with Mr. Walker's cap and gown on, an occurrence which he somewhat superfluously adds took place in Mr. Digitized by Microsoft® 18 LIFE OF SIR FRANK LOCKWOOD Walker's absence. Had Lockwood not been in the sixth form himself, such behaviour must have been resented by the actual members of the class. Mr. Walker himself, now the famous master of St. Paul's, is on the side of the tradition, for he writes : ' I had Frank Lockwood as my pupil in the sixth form at Manchester. I can recall him to memory now, standing before me and trying to translate some twelve lines of G-reek play which he had evidently left unprepared.' Mr. Walker thinks the play was the 'BacchsB.' It is likely enough it was. However this may be, when in 1895 the hundredth anniversary of the Old Boys' Dinner came round (of the dinner, be it observed, not of the school, which is of hoar antiquity). Lock- wood was Her Majesty's Solicitor-General, and one of the best-known men in England. He was invited to be senior steward, and on rising to propose prosperity to the school, he was received, as indeed he always was everywhere, with great cheering, and something of what he said falls to be recorded here : ' On such an occasion as this I carry my mind back to thirty-five years ago, when I used Digitized by Microsoft® EARLY LIFE 19 to change my hat for an academical mortar- board at the shop of an accommodating hatter, somewhere about the bottom of Market Street, before taking my way through Old Millgate and through that dear old Cathedral Yard and down Long Millgate to the old schoolhouse, where I sat and ought to have learnt. Thirty-five years ago is a very long time. It was in the days when Walker was consul. Of other things that I remember in the school at that time — and there may be some here to-night who remember it also — was our essaying to start a debating society. I was not of the sixth form, but they of the fifth form were offered the privilege, which they eagerly accepted, of taking part in those debates, and I well remember the first and, so far as T can recollect, the only debate. ' The subject was as to whether the inter- ference of Great Britain in the Crimean War was a justifiable interference. ' I suppose I was a Jingo then, because under the influence of the first volume of Kinglake I espoused the cause of Great Britain, and justified, or attempted to justify, her interference. 'After the debate was completed my old c 2 Digitized by Microsoft® 20 LIFE OF SIR FRANK LOOKWOOD friend, Mr. Perkins, the master of the fifth form, spoke to me of the speech I had made. Mr. Perkins spoke kindly and encouragingly, but said the speech smelt somewhat of the lamp. I should just think it did. It consisted in the main of two pages of Kinglake, which I had somewhat imperfectly endeavoured to commit to memory. Another of my memories relates to our old French master, M. Mordacque. I remember how on the occasions when M. Mor- dacque's class was held, the valiant young Britons under his tuition dared to attempt deeds which they would not have ventured upon at any other time, and I remember also how gently, pathe- tically, bravely, they were borne by that honest and good-hearted man. But a Nemesis awaited the pupils of M. Mordacque, for on his retirement the authorities engaged for our instruction in the French language the services of a chevalier so tall, so strong, so hairy, in every sense so terrible, that in him M. Mordacque and Waterloo were avenged at once. I remember well those boards in the old schoolhouse which bore on them the names of the men who had won Uni- versity honours, and I knew perfectly well my Digitized by Microsoft® EARLY LIFE 21 name would never appear upon those boards ; and I was absolutely justified in that conclusion. I remember how in those days we were all going to the Bar — all except myself, who was designed for the Church — and how we used to go down to what were then the new courts in Strangeways, and envied the men who were able to go in and hear what was going on ; and especially how we envied Faulkner Blair as he passed in his wig and gown, and how we looked upon the fortunate man who was to conduct a case for slander or breach of promise of marriage, little thinking of the time when even slander would grow stale and breach of promise pall upon the appetite. ' These were some of the things that interested us then. We have parted from our school and gone out into life. Some of us have become parsons and some prophets — not sporting but political prophets — and some are still with us and some have passed away. ' What the school was in our time we may be certain it is still — the same great field of. enter- prise, the same great field in which boys exercise their ambition. I am sure I hope with all my Digitized by Microsoft® 22 LIFE OF SIK FKANK LOOKWOOD heart that there may always be found a race of boys going out into the world through the Manchester Grammar School. They need never be ashamed of the school to which they had belonged, and I trust they may never by word or deed or thought bring dishonour upon the insti- tution to which they will have owed so much. To-day the school is in good hands. The Craven Scholarship has again fallen before the attack of Manchester, the Gainsford Greek Prose Prize has again been awarded to a scholar of the Manchester Grammar School, and a Balliol exhibition has again been won by Manchester. Twelve open scholarships in the Universities are filled by boys who have been educated in Old Millgate. What a lesson was this to those who said that classical excellence could only be obtained amidst classical surroundings ! Here, in this great commercial centre, surrounded by all the commercial enterprises of the day, we have a flourishing school which wins the greatest prizes that are offered to the scholarship of the time. Long may this success be continued ! ' Sir Prank Lockwood concluded by proposing ' Prosperity to the School.' Digitized by Microsoft® EARLY LIFE 23 It is not the least striking of the merits of 'that grand old fortifying curriculum,' a clas- sical education, that in the retrospect of Hfe it seldom loses its hold upon the respectful admiration even of those who, like Lockwood and his biographer, were most studious in its neglect. ' O seri studiorum ! quine putetis Difficile et mirum Rhodio quod Pitholeonti Contigit?' Digitized by Microsoft® 24 LIFE OF SIR FRANK LOCKWOOD CHAPTEE II CAMBEIDGE It was in October 1865 that Frank Lockwood came knocking at the old Gate of Humility belonging to Gonville and Caius College, seeking admission with nineteen other freshmen to that seminary of sound learning and true religion. In 1865, and for many years theretofore, Caius was regarded as the stronghold of the once famous Cambridge Evangelical Party, and under the powerful personal influence of the Eeverend Charles Clayton, who was the College Tutor from 1848 to 1865, an extraordinary number of the undergraduates — at one time as many as sixty per cent, of the whole — took Holy Orders. It is somewhat capricious how some movements get themselves advertised, whilst others equally potent are left unsung. The Cambridge Evan- gelicals are never likely to have literary Justice done to them, so strong is the aversion enter- Digitized by Microsoft® CAMBRIDGE 25 tained by ' men of taste ' to the word Evangelical. But I must not labour this point, for it was in no spirit of religious partisanship that Lockwood approached his University. He was, we know, intended for the Church, if I may employ a slip- shod phrase which, in the easy days of 1865, was used even by bishops to indicate the purpose of becoming a candidate for the Holy Orders of the English Church, nor did Lockwood during the period of his residence at Cambridge ever formally abandon this intention. His father seems to have wished it, and the son saw no objection. Lockwood had not been many hours at Cam- bridge before there sprang into existence what was destined to grow with his growth, and to accompany him for all the rest of his stirring days — the something which I can only call the great Lockwood tradition ; that entertaining series of stories and anecdotes, of quips and cranks, which has received and retained those constant embellishments of feature and enrich- ment of detail which are the marks or notes of a real tradition. Mr. Anderson Critchett, the famous oculist Digitized by Microsoft® 26 LIFE OF SIR FKANK LOCKWOOD of Harley Street, who was Lockwood's senior at Caius by one year and his friend for ever more, tells me that, a day or two after the beginning of the October Term of 1865, everybody in College was repeating the story of the big Yorkshire freshman and the Boat captain's beer. It was thought to be an exquisite jest. The then captain of the boat club, Charles Edward Underbill, now an eminent physician in Edin- burgh, had called upon Lockwood, selecting, after the pleasant Cambridge fashion, as a suitable opportunity for his visit an hour when college discipline peremptorily required the presence of all the freshmen elsewhere. It thereupon became Lockwood's duty to return the call, and to go on returning it until such time as he should find his thoughtful visitor with his oak unsported. Lockwood, on the occasion of his return call, found the great man just sitting down to a somewhat late luncheon, and by his side reposed a tankard (doubtless a trophy tankard) of buttery ale. Conversation a little flagging, and an offer of luncheon having been declined, the tankard was pushed to Lockwood, who thereupon (and this is the whole story) raised it to his lips and Digitized by Microsoft® CAMBRIDGE 27 there retained it until, when it came to be put down, it proved to be empty. The butteries were closed till dinner-time, and thus it came about that the captain of the boat club was robbed of his mid-day tankard by a freshman. Here begins the great Lockwood tradition, which for the most part I mean to leave severely alone. Lockwood enjoyed his college days as much as ever did a member of the race ' called empha- tically men.' He made friends of whose society he never grew tired, hailing them to the end of his days by old familiar college names. There was no breach in Lockwood's life ; he had no de- ciduous periods wherein to shed friends. ' Oh ! it is pleasant as it is rare,' exclaims, almost cries, Charles Lamb, ' to find the same arm linked in yours at forty which at thirteen helped it to turn over the pages of the " Cicero de Amicitift." ' Few men have feasted more fully than Lockwood upon the pleasures of the 'linked arm.' He ranked among his friends future Fellows of his College — Jardine, who was eighth wrangler in 1867, Chris- topher James, who was eleventh wrangler in 1868, and E. S. Eoberts, now tutor. He was also inti- mately associated with many men, both of Caius Digitized by Microsoft® 28 LIFE OF SIR FRANK LOOKWOOD and other colleges, whose days were not (in the Miltonic sense) laborious. He both boated and played cricket. ' His bent,' cautiously observes Mr. Eoberts, ' was in the direction of classics, and he made a virtuous resolution to read with one of the scholars of the year, and the resolution was rigorously acted upon for one day.' As an oarsman he enjoyed some reputation, rowing five in the first boat in 1867 and becoming captain of the club in 1868. Mr. Anderson Critchett, an accurate observer, reports to me that Lockwood was an imposing figure in a boat. Nobody had a straighter back or got ' forward ' with a more conscientious gravity, but splendid as was his physique — for when he first appeared at the University he stood over six feet in his stockings — and triumphant to all appearance as was his health, he was never, in Mr. Critchett' s opinion, a strong man. His reserve of strength was small, and of this he was always almost ex- cessively aware ; he seldom, even in the heyday of his spirits, forgot his mortality. Lockwood' s size, unusual among under- graduates, at once obtained for him the nick- name of Daniel Lambert, the one really fat man Digitized by Microsoft® CAMBEIBGE 29 who has squeezed his way into the ' Dictionary of National Biography.' The ' Lambert ' was soon dropped, for in fact Lockwood was never fat, either as man or boy ; but the' ' Daniel,' or the more affectionate ' Dan'l,' stuck, and both at the University, and for years after, he was always so called and referred to by old friends ; indeed, even unto the day of his death, there were many who never spoke or thought of Lockwood by any other title than ' Dan'l,' and whose hearts would be vexed were they to search his biography in vain for the old, familiar name. Lockwood's love of drawing, inherited from his father, had now got firm hold of him, and he was known to be the designer of the illustrated cover of ' Momus,' a facetious University sheet which appeared (I believe) no less than three times during one year, and was supposed to be very severe on the authorities. Copies of ' Momus ' are now as rare as early editions of the ' Pil- grim's Progress.' Having abandoned the notion of classical honours — which indeed are not very easily obtain- able at Cambridge, even by those who have a Digitized by Microsoft® 30 LIFE OF SIR FRANK LOOKWOOD bent in their direction — the ordinary B.A. degree presented no difficulty to the always robust in- telligence of Lockwood. He seems, however, at one period to have called in the aid of the famous coach for the poUmen of those and many other cheerful days, Mr. Hamblin Smith, affectionately known as ' Big Smith,' whose en- couraging countenance was often to be seen during periods of examination outside the Senate House, where he was accustomed to receive the touching confidences of his pupils, who would run up to him and tell him, as best they could, and in their simple way, how they had fared at the hands of the common enemy. ' If you have really done three propositions,' I once overheard him, with a somewhat painful em- phasis, say to a pupil, ' you are undoubtedly through.' In the eyes of some strenuous Uni- versity reformers, now mostly dead, Mr. Smith was a sinister figure who was grudged his un- classed place. Sneers were directed at his en- tirely manly and happily often successful efforts to shove his men along, but this does not prevent him in an honoured age from dwelling with a pardonable pride on the long list of pupils, since Digitized by Microsoft® CAMBRIDGE 31 famous, who were in their hour glad to be put up to a thing or two by him. Lockwood always delighted in Big Smith. Lockwood went out in ' Political Economy,' for which purpose he ought to have attended more regularly than he did the public lectures of Professor Fawcett. This diffi- culty, however, was got over by a special grace of the Senate, which, neatly framed and glazed, was one of the ornaments of Lockwood's study, where many an intelligent stranger has had it pointed out to him, with an imperturbable gravity, as a signal and rare mark of University favour and distinction. The scroll runs as follows : ' Plaoeat vobis ut Francisco Lockwood e OoU. Gonv. et Cai, qui propter ignorantiam regulse gratia vestra 6'° Juni 1867 sanctse undeoim tantum Professoris (Economiae PubUcsB lectiones audi- verit, liceat nihilominus in Bxaminatione speciali eidem scientise studentium proximo Junio habendae candidatum se profiteri.' After somewhat the same fashion, one re- members, did the negligent Swift obtain his de- gree at Dublin speciali gratia. Lord Orrery's story how the Oxford authorities were subse- quently induced to give Swift one of their degrees in the belief that speciali gratia meant on account of great distinction is denied by later Digitized by Microsoft® 32 LIFE OP SIB FEANK LOOK WOOD biographers, but I can answer for it that Lock- wood's ' special grace ' of the Senate has deceived quite a pleasing number of persons. As it is well embedded in the great Lockwood tradition that its hero was ' sent down ' from college, it is perhaps right to narrate the actual facts, though to do so is to gain no glory. Who does not prefer the part of the Piper to that of Arthur in Clough's ' Bothie ' ? ' And it was told, the Piper narrating, and Arthur correcting, Colouring he ; dilating, magniloquent, glorying in picture, He to matter-of-fact stUl softening, paring, abating ; He to the great might-have-been, upaoaring, subUme, and ideal : He to the merest it was restricting, diminishing, dwarfing.' As an undergraduate Lockwood was never sent down, nor does he ever seem to have come athwart the college authorities after a serious fashion. His high spirits did Caius no harm, nor was he involved in any debt or difficulty. But after he had passed his ' special ' in Political Economy he remained up, not for the purpose of pursuing his studies in that or any other direction, but to play cricket and celebrate past intellectual achievements. One night after a cricket-match and a supper at Jesus, Lockwood, still in his flannels, over which he had drawn Digitized by Microsoft® CAMBRIDGE 33 the gown of a Master of Arts, and playing an instrument famous in the early history of music, advanced at the head of a small company of friends along Jesus Lane, across 'the beefy market-place ' towards Caius. As they drew near, Lockwood and one of his companions, also of that college, remembered that they were both gated at nine, or some such unseasonable hour, and that the bells of St. Mary had already chimed midnight. Abandoning their companions to their individual fates, the two Caians made their way down the Senate-House passage, and stopping by the Gate of Honour, determined to scale the wall. Lockwood's friend had just reached the top when a policeman suddenly appeared, and turning his lantern on the wall was about to seize the leg of the departing undergraduate, when Lockwood grappled with him and secured his friend's retreat, even as did Wilson the escape of Eobertson in the famous Waverley novel. His friend safe, Lockwood, let- ting the policeman go, proceeded cautiously to the rooms of an acquaintance who kept in ' Jesus Chimney,' and whose windows overlooked the Lane. Their occupant was still at his studies. Digitized by Microsoft® 34 LIFE OF SIR FRANK LOCKWOOD and kindly handed his friend through the window garments more suitable for the hour than those he was then wearing. This change effected, Lockwood presented himself at the porter's lodge, and was let in to college in the ordinary way. The next day explanations were of course demanded, and the Dons were very naturally of opinion that as Lockwood had got his degree he had better take up his exeat, which, however, he did not do, and the very next Sunday, being in chapel, he took upon himself, as a B.A. in residence, the duty of reading, with a fine emphasis, the First Lesson. This act, though in itself one of piety, angered the authori- ties, and Lockwood was ' sent down.' A year or two later, when I was at Cambridge, the legend was that Lockwood having been sent down as an undergraduate reappeared (in pur- suance of a bet) one fine morning at Caius, cunningly disguised as a foreigner ; and trading upon the tutor's well-known partiality for show- ing the college to aliens, was first escorted over the familiar scenes by the very authority he had so justly incensed, and then finally seated at the high table at dinner, on which bad eminence Digitized by Microsoft® CAMBRIDGE 35 he sat winking at his undergraduate friends. The only foundation for this part of the story is that Lockwood did in truth reappear at Caius, after he had been sent down, wearing a beard and caUing himself Major McPherson. In this disguise he succeeded in eluding the porter and stopping a couple of nights in college ; but so far from seeking out the tutor, he took great pains to avoid meeting him. Mr. Christopher James tells me that when he looks back on the old Cambridge days, and on Lockwood, who did so much to enliven them, the things he remembers most easily about his friend are his never-failing spirits, his abiding humour, his affectionate nature, his contemp- tuous disregard of anyone and everyone placed in authority over him, and his extraordinary quickness in seizing an opportunity for saying or doing something to the point. As an illus- tration of this last characteristic, Mr. James remembers standing with Lockwood outside St. John's, and gazing upon a crowd of old Johnians, arrayed in their gowns as doctors and masters, which had been summoned from all quarters to attend the opening of the new D 2 Digitized by Microsoft® 36 LIFE OF SIR PRANK LOCK WOOD building which looks like a parish church, but is the College chapel ; or, if it was not for this purpose, it was for some other high collegiate ceremony. Someone idly wondered what the Johnians were making such a fuss about. Instantly Lockwood got his clue. He would find out. To dart into his tailor's shop, to borrow and assume the gown of a master of arts was, in time-honoured phrase, 'the work of a moment,' and thus clothed, Lockwood, looking grave beyond his years, introduced himself to the porter as an old Johnian, and took and maintained his place throughout the day's pro- ceedings side by side with a reverend gentleman old enough to be his father, with whom in awe- struck whispers he conversed about ' old times.' Another of Lockwood's old Cambridge friends, Edward Byrom, recalls how, having to spend a night on boating business at Bedford, they found, after their work was done, that the only amusement Bedford had provided for them was a conjuring entertainment at the town-hall by a then well-known professor of that art. They duly attended, and no sooner had the pro- fessor given the usual invitation to any of the Digitized by Microsoft® CAMBEIDGE 37 audience to come upon the platform and watch his proceedings than Lockwood appeared there- upon, and from that moment, says Mr. Byrom, the entertainment fell into his hands. He was ignorant of a single conjuring trick of his own but he made fun of the professor after a fashion that proved so infinitely diverting to the audience that the authorised programme was by common consent abandoned. The professor, who could at aU events see which way the wind blew, made no objection, and, after an uproarious evening, returned with his tormentor to the inn, and supped with him in the best of tempers. In after days Lockwood frequently visited his old college, to which he was greatly attached, and where he was always a welcome guest, but he had no mind for high-table honours, and usually stipulated at college gatherings to be put among his contemporaries. To attempt to name his friends would be impossible. It is only to give expression to my personal obligation that I mention James Jardine, Christopher James, Anderson Critchett, E. J. Eoberts, Edward Byrom, and Howard Smith, and last, but by no means least, Lockwood's bosom friend and sworn Digitized by Microsoft® 38 LIFE OF SIK FRANK LOCKWOOD crony — Samuel Foster of Killhow, Carlisle, who was not a Caius man, but belonged, as also did Howard Smith, to the neighbouring, more recent, but, it will be cheerfully admitted, not less famous foundation of Trinity College. Digitized by Microsoft® 39 CHAPTBE III EAELY DATS IN LONDON LocKwooD left the University with the problem what he was to be still unsolved. No Smith — big or little — could help him here. The clergyman notion, never seriously entertained, had died of inanition. For medicine he had no vocation. The law is reported to turn a forbidding glance upon young fellows who are more conscious of a great capacity to enjoy life than of any willingness to endure it. How many of us. in this period of our lives found ourselves cordially at one with Carlyle in wishing there were other professions ' in addition to those three extremely cramp, confused, indeed, almost obsolete ones.' But Carlyle was never a great hand at sugges- tions, and the only writer I ever came across who condescended to detail in the matter was Thackeray, who, as Mr. George Savage Fitz- Boodle, recommended the auctioneer's pulpit as Digitized by Microsoft® 40 LIFE OF SIR FRANK LOCKWOOD just ' the peculiar place for a nian of social refine- ment, of elegant wit, and of polite perceptions.' Lockwood's elder brother Charles, ayoungman of great talents and very considerable industry, whose early death cast a great and abiding gloom over his brother's life, had succeeded in securing a place in the Indian Civil Service ; and some thoughts of seeking admission into a Government office were now loosely entertained by Lockwood, who, however, pending the solution of the problem, became tutor to a young gentleman in Cheshire. He used to tell how, arriving very late at the country-house destined to be the theatre of his tutorial actions, he asked to be shown straight to his room, where, as he was sitting in pensive mood reflecting on the responsibihties of his novel situation, he heard a noise outside his window. He threw the window open, and seeing a man attempting a burglarious entrance, jumped out and gave chase armed with a bedr6om poker. The burglar, who knew the ground, whilst Lockwood soon got lost among unfamiliar laurel-bushes, succeeded in making off, but not until the poker, hurled by the unerring hand of the new tutor, had broken his head, as was Digitized by Microsoft® EAELY DAYS IN LONDON 41 most satisfactorily proved by the usual 'pool of blood.' Lockwood, returning to the house, was nearly shot by his pupil, who, armed with a blunderbuss, mistook him for the robber. I am not acquainted with any other incident in Lock- wood's career as tutor. This engagement over, Lockwood went home to discuss the future with his father, ever the friendhest of counsellors. The elder Lockwood suggested that his son should go to London and look about him, a surprisingly agreeable proposal, that was at once accepted. On reaching London Lockwood looked up old friends, most of whom it happened were reading, for the Bar. First of all he called upon S. Foster, who was reading in the Temple, but Foster had momentarily sus- pended his studies and was out, and Lockwood crossed Chancery Lane to Lincoln's Inn, where he found the friend he went in search of. Here Lockwood seems, on the spot, to have determined to be a barrister. He telegraphed to his father to send him a hundred pounds by return. His father was a httle taken aback, but with a confi- dence as complete as it was deserved, sent him the money, and with it Lockwood paid the Digitized by Microsoft® 42 LIFE OF SIR FEANK LOCKWOOD necessary fees and entered himself as a student of Lincoln's Inn on the 14th of April, 1869. Having now safely harnessed Lockwood to the law, a word or two may be said about his theatrical proclivities and adventures. For the stage he had undoubtedly a bent, but except for one short professional engagement, which I will mention directly, he never was more than a member of one of those wandering amateur companies, which at times go some way to relieve the dulness of country towns. Lockwood's Cambridge friend Edward Byrom was always deeply engaged in pleasant matters of this kind, and he it was who persuaded Lockwood in July 1870 to Join a small party of amateurs who opened a tour in the West of England with two perform- ances at the Theatre Eoyal, Bath. Lockwood's part was Kenrick, the faithful servitor in the ' Heir at Law.' The company on leaving Bath proceeded to Exeter, where Lockwood was pro- moted to play the 'heavy leads,' namely, Joe Barlow in ' 100,000?.,' and Lord Duberley in the ' Heir-at-Law.' At Torquay the same bill was played, except that in addition Lockwood played the part of Ned Spanker in ' A Blighted Being.' Digitized by Microsoft® EARLY DAYS IN LONDON 43 In September of the same year 1870 the same company, including Lockwood, played the same bills in Scarborough. All Lockwood' s friends during these early years dwell with an almost bewildered amazement upon two things — the charm of his company and his overwhelmingly high spirits. One great day, the 6th of August, 1870, lives in many memories. It was during the Western Tour — there was a f^te at Powderham Park, South- West Devon, in the cause of some popular local charity — an Asylum for Idiots, I think. Adequately to describe Lock- wood's proceedings on this day would require the pen of the author of ' Tom Jones ' and the pencil of the artist who composed the ' March to Finchley.' For a long summer's day, unassisted and alone, he filled and refilled a tent, and again and again filled it, with audiences of country-folk, each of whom paid sixpence for admission, and each of whom went forth happy and uproarious to spread through the Park the fame of the man inside. To ask what Lockwood did is natural, but to answer is impossible. Among other things Heenan and Sayers were advertised as being within, but as the famous light-weight or his representative had Digitized by Microsoft® 44 LIFE OF SIR FEANK LOCK WOOD sprained an ankle, Ijockwood alone had to per- sonate both these heroes in fierce strife before crowds not undisposed, if displeased, to demand back their money. He succeeded in winning their rapturous applause. At stated intervals of time he would sally forth from his tent with huge strides and wild cries, making his way among the plea- sure-seekers, inviting and commanding their at- tendance. Astute theatrical managers were pre- sent, for the legitimate drama was represented in the Park that very day ; but the unanimous verdict alike of expert and bumpkin was that Lockwood was unsurpassable. Great curiosity as to who he was existed among the crowd, who heard with astonishment and incredulity that the man in the tent was ' a Cambridge scholar,' who was ' reading for the Bar.' It was, indeed, a stupendous effort. 'Mr. Eichards, of Exeter, a gentleman known to many a lover of the stage, was present, and will I am afraid read with pain and disappointment so meagre an account of so great a performance. It was when dining with Mr. Eichards in London shortly after the Powderham Fete, that Lockwood had the good fortune to meet Mr. Digitized by Microsoft® EAKLY DAYS IN LOKDON 45 W. H. Kendal, and so begin a friendship which was never to know cloud or abatement. An introduction to Mrs. Kendal soon followed, and through her Lockwood came to know his future brother-in-law, Maclaine of Lochbuie, who was already married to a daughter of Mrs. Salis Schwabe. Some time, probably in the long vacation of 1872, Lockwood joined the Kendals in a pro- vincial tour of some six weeks, beginning at Nottingham and extending to Hull. The bill consisted solely of ' My Uncle's Will,-' and Lock- wood's part was Barker. He played, as he had done during the two amateur trips, under the name of Daniel Macpherson. Both Mr. and Mrs. Kendal speak very warmly of Lockwood' s promise as an actor, dwelling particularly upon his humoristic apprehension of his part; but their affection for him was so great, and their delight in his society so rapturous, as to make any hostile criticism on their part of D. Mac- pherson out of the question. With this one engagement begins and ends Lockwood's theatrical career. There are legends of his appearing on the boards of Drury Lane and Digitized by Microsoft® 46 LIFE OF SIR FRANK LOCKWOOD Covent Grarden in divers small parts, but I am told, by those most likely to know, that these legends have no warranty. Certainly, at no time did he propose to become an actor, a profession for which he was fond of saying he was far too big. But his affection for the stage and all things theatrical endured to the end. To return to Lockwood's more sober mistress, the law, he would appear in the first instance to have meditated devoting his expansive energy to equity drafting, for he became a pupil of Mr. Dauney, in whose chambers he spent many pleasant hours, and where he acquired a famili- arity with equitable terms which enabled him, when he crossed over to the Temple, to make merry with his new friends. Mr. Gr. G. Kennedy (now the poHce magistrate), with whom, shortly after his call to the Bar, Lockwood shared a room in Dr. Johnson's Buildings, writes : ' He was a delightful companion, and often used to beguile the weary time of waiting for work by anecdotes, sketches, and mimicry of various characters. There was a standing desk in the room to which, when times were dull, he would Digitized by Microsoft® EARLY DAYS IN LONDON 47 spring, and taking a copy of the Law Eeports, would select one of those Chancery head-notes which are the despair of the common law tyro, and solemnly expound it. I can well remember being kept in fits of laughter for nearly twenty minutes while he enlarged on the wickedness of an executor de son tort venturing to interfere with the marshalling of assets.' Whilst reading with Mr. Dauney, Lockwood lived in lodgings in Cambridge Terrace with his old friends Jardine and James. Subsequently, he lodged with Edward Byrom in Thanet Place, Strand, and many a merry tale he used to tell of his visits to the Temple Discussion Forum at the ' Green Dragon ' in Fleet Street — of his spirited intervention in the debates, of the demeanour of the two leaders of the Constitu- tional and Eadical parties — the one a broken down Oxford man (he is always an Oxford man), a great but very thirsty Grecian, and pious in his cups, the other an Irishman, witty as Curran, eloquent as Shell, drunken as Wolfe Tone, and the proprietor of a brogue so artistically perfect as to suggest a domicile of origin not a hundred miles from Covent Garden. Digitized by Microsoft® 48 LIFE OF SIK FKANK LOOKWOOD Both these far-seeing men, divided though they were in their political sentiments, had an eye for Lockwood, and foretold for him a brilHant career at the Bar and in the Senate ; but as they likewise borrowed too many of his scanty shillings, he had at last to cease attending the scene of their oratorical triumphs. In 1871 Lockwood was reading in the chambers of Mr. J. W. Mellor (afterwards Chairman of Committees) in Dr. Johnson's Buildings, where, as usual, he made friends who accompanied him through hfe. He took a set of living chambers in Clement's Inn where he remained until his marriage. In his lecture on the Law and Lawyers of Pickwick, he thus speaks of this lofty lodg- ing : ' I once lived myself in Clement's Inn, and heard the chimes go too, and I remember one day I sat in my little room very near the sky (I do not know why it is that poverty always gets as near the sky as possible ; but I should think it is because the general idea is that there is more sympathy in heaven than else- where), and as I sat there a knock came at Digitized by Microsoft® EARLY DAYS IN LONDON 49 the door, and the head of the porter of Clement's Inn presented itself to me. It was the 1st of January, and he gravely gave me an orange and a lemon. He had a basketful on his arm. I asked for some explanation. The only in- formation forthcoming was that from time im- memorial every tenant on New Year's Day was presented with an orange and a lemon, and that every tenant was expected to give half a crown to the porter. Further inquiries from the steward gave me this explanation, that in old days, when the river was not used merely as a sewer, the fruit was brought up in barges and boats to the steps from below the bridge, and carried by porters through the inn to Clare Market. Toll was at first charged, and this toll was divided among the tenants whose con- venience was interfered with ; hence the old lines beginning, " Oranges and lemons, said the bells of St. Clement's." I often wondered whether the rest of the old catch had reason as well as rhyme.' The following letter, which has everything a letter need have except the date, was pro- bably written in the early part of 1871. Digitized by Microsoft® 60 LIFE OF SIE FRANK LOOKWOOD Mr. Bayley is an old Cambridge friend, and was in 1871 curate of Swinton, near Man- chester. ' My dear Bayley, — The above will show you the reasons preventing my seeing you this time. I have only been at home four days, and return to-morrow ; had I not had engagements yesterday and to-day I should certainly have come over to Swinton. As it is, I must drop the silent, though heart-rending tear, and tear myself away. (When you have done laughing at this tremen- dous joke you can " please turn over " ) (quota- tion from " complete letter writer " ). ' You see, old man, there is, so to speak, a crisis in national matters, foreign aspects are very caerulean. I feel that I have absented myself already too long from head-quarters. Three times during the last week has the Lord Chancellor said, " Where the is that Lock- wood ? " ' Thus am I awaited in Downing Street. I suppose Mac would tell you that I donned the sock and buskin for awhile, and so to speak trod my little stage. In a pecuniary point of view the stage is not remunerative. Digitized by Microsoft® ;.. ^^<^ ccJL^ ^^^^ &-^C^ j^^^^^ /Cf-ri.0.^.^ ^-^--.^o,^ 'ti^t^^^-7^ a.^ ^tjjs^Cdr