Tit Q^atneU Hnitietatty SItbratg Jtiiaca. ^tm ^mk BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF HENRY W. SAGE 1891 Digitized by Microsoft® ii MJ^.<# , MnonrBt—^^ M6 V 1 C 1DG5 ^ Cornell University Library F 390 J76 Memoranda and official correspondence re olin 3 1924 028 799 513 Digitized by Microsoft® This book was digitized by Microsoft Corporation in cooperation witli Cornell University Libraries, 2007. You may use and print this copy in limited quantity for your personal purposes, but may not distribute or provide access to it (or modified or partial versions of it) for revenue-generating or other commercial purposes. Digitized by Microsoft® The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028799513 ■^ D/grf/zSo by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® ^\ FJ S ® ii!) 11) 1-:^ t S , Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® MEMORANDA OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE RELATING TO THE REPUBLIC OF TEXAS, HISTORY Aro AMEXATION. INCLUDING A BKIEP AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR. By ANSON JONES, liATE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OP TEXAS. NEW YORK: D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, 346 & 348 BROADWAY. 1859. w Digitized by Microsoft® Q505'40S Ehteeed, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1869, by D. APPLETON & CO., In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York. Digitized by Microsoft® PEIVATE MEMOIRS [Original, a, Roll of Foolscap of 52 pages.] COMMEXCED BT ANSON JONES, JUNE 2Sth, 1849, FOE THE USE OP HIS FAMILY AND FEIENDS. To S. OE S. OE E. [OE A.] [1798.] Baeeington, Texas, Jmie 28th, 1849. Anson Jones, the son of Solomon and Sarah Jones, was born at the little settlement or neighborhood of Seekonk, [or Seekonkville,] in the township of Great Barrington, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, on the 20th day of January, a. d. 1798, [another record says 1799.] My father was a native of Weathersfield in the State of Con- necticut, but was brought up at "Worcester, Mass. My mother, whose maiden name was Strong, of East Windsor in the same State (Conn.) My paternal grandfather was Joel Jones, of Weathersfield, Conn., whose wife's maiden name was Hannah Brewer. They both died when my father was a child, and he was brought uj) by one of his maternal imcles, Mr. Brewer, of Worcester, Mass. [My maternal grandfather was Timothy Strong, of East Windsor, Conn., whose wife's maiden name was Sarah StrickHn. The family still live in the old paternal man- sion, which descended, first, to my maternal uncle, David Strong, and then to my cousin, David Strong, who, dying in youth, the property now belongs to the heirs-at-law.] I am the youngest but one of ten chUdren, (seven daughters and three sons,) of whom four of the daughters and myself survive at the time of 1 Digitized by Microsoft® 2 . PRIVATE MEMOIRS. [1812. commencing these memoirs. My mother died at Lenox, in Berkshire county, in 1816; my father, at the same place, in- 1822, July 23d, aged 67. [Grandfather Jones' children were Phineas, Joel, Solomop, Isaac, WilUam, and Lucy, (late Mrs. Hatch, now Mrs. ISTorthrup, of Lenox, Mass.) Father's children were Sarah, Sophia, Mary, ]!f ancy, Betsey, (now Mrs. Bailey,) Clarissa, William, L-a, Anson, and Almira, (now Mrs. Blatch- ford,) and four others who died in extreme infancy ; I am the thirteenth.] Not long after my birth my father removed from Seekonk to the village of Great Barrington, just previous to which one of my sisters, named Ifancy, then about five years of age, was drowned by falling from a bridge near my_ father's house into a mill stream, near which he resided. She was a favorite chUd, and I can well recollect how much pain my parents suffered in after life from the recollections of this sad event. My own earliest recollections are of the village of Great Barrington. Here my father resided until about the year 1805, when he removed to a country part of the township of Great Barrington, known as " Root Street," to a small farm which he rented. Here, when quite small, I attended school kept by my sister, Sarah Jones. The school-house was almost a mUe from my father's house, and on the line between ShefBeld and Great Barrington townships. Here I obtained the rudiments of my education. [Grandfather T. Strong's children were by the first wife, Eli, Samuel, Sarah, and David : by the second wife, Mar- tin, Levi, Timothy, and Deborah, (or Abi,) beside two who died in infancy.] A little later, I went to f ^ ' ^ t two miles and a half, '■'■ Egremont Plains,'''' walki " ' ^■•'.+^„„q '=ummer and winter, but do not now recollect t my teach- ers. Here I obtained a fair Engli. little later period, and when about ten or t , , ^^^ yt^ I went to school to the Rev. Mr. Griswold, the rector of the Episcopal Church in Great Barrington, and brother of Bishop Griswold, and completed my EngUsh studies. Li 1812, my father removed to the township of West Stockbridge, in Berkshire county, to a small farm which he rented there. [My father was five years in the service of the United States during the Revolutionary War, the whole of which service was in the army. He volun- Digitized by Microsoft® 1810.] PRIVATE MEMOIRS. 3 teercd in 1175, aud was engaged that year in the defence of Bunker's Hill. He was also at Saratoga when Burgoyne sur- rcndcrod. He again volunteered in the " Silver Greys " in 1812-'13. All my paternal uncles also served in the first war with England, and two of them were captured by the enemy, and suftered all the horrors inflicted upon prisoners on board the " Jersey prison-ship," but survived their sufferings, and were exchanged. My uncle Phineas lost a leg during the war.] Here he resided one year, and then removed to the village of Lenox, the county-seat of the same county, (1812.) Here I commenced the study of the Languages and the higher branches of the Mathematics at the " Lenox Academy," kept by Mr. Glezen, (1813.) [This year I wished to join the army, and vol- unteered to go to the defence of Boston, but my father pre- vented my going. I studied with my book on the bench before me, while at work making harness, and obtained much of my education at " night-schools," after working hard all day. j My father being very poor, I was obliged to work and assist him in his business, and attend to my studies as I could find leisure and opportunity. During his residence in Lenox he removed two or three times to different places, either in the village or neigh- borhood, and finally to the eastern part of the township, about two and a half miles from the village, where, in 1816, my mother died. My two elder brothers, William and Ira, were now of age, and settled in business, the former at Utica in the State of New York, and the latter at Little York (now Toronto) in Upper Canada. My eldest sister, Sarah, was dead, and my three other s' ' o^j^,kia, Mary, and Betsey, were living at Litchfield, Conn., and m^ ' ;t)ungest sister (Almira) was at home. I had now arrived at an ^ 'fe when it became necessary for me to choose my occupation jr life. I was fond of reading and study, and employed eVei'^'toeans in my power in purchasing books, and all the time which could possibly be spared in read- ing them, or in the prosecution of my academic studies. My constitution was very feeble, and my general health and strength delicate. My brothers were in favor of my learning a trade ; my father and elder sisters wished me to acquire a profession, and had long assigned me that of medicine. Without any means, either in possession or expectancy, I shrunk from the Digitized by Microsoft® 4 PRIVATE MEMOIES. [1816. idea of making the effort to obtain a profession, and feared I shonld not succeed in it afterwards — wliicli last thought the most troubled me. About this time my father took me to a priating ofBoe at Pittsfield, the publishing office of the " Sun," I believe, partly with a view to see how I would like the busi- ness of a printer, and partly to ascertain whether he could, in the event of my being pleased, obtain an apprenticeship for me with the proprietor. It was the first time I had ever been in a printing office. The business pleased me. I thought it was better adapted to my weak habit of body than many other me- chanical branches with which I had some acquaintance ; and also further, that it would give me a constant opportunity to follow the bent of my inclination for reading and study. How- ever, notwithstanding I expressed my preference for this busi- ness, my father failed for some reason to make any arrangement for the purpose, and it was concluded I should study medicine. At this time I had a good English education and a tolerable ac- quaintance with Latin and Greek, and knew a little of Mathe- matics. Latin I acquired with difficulty ; Greek with great facility, and Mathematics I was very fond of. The death of my mother, and my father's extreme poverty, left me without a home, and without a dollar. Under such circumstances the at- tempt to acquire a profession necessarily involved the probability of years of struggling and dependence, of aL. other situations short of vicious ones, the moSt wretched and unhappy. But I had a goodly share of ambition, and yielding therefore the more readily to the cherished wishes of my father, I was persuaded to decide in favor of the profession chosen by him, and it was concluded accordingly. This conclusion entailed years of un- happiness upon me. I had no knowledge of the world — was shy and timid to a fault — had no wealthy or efficient friends — my brothers, from whom alone I had a right to expect counsel or assistance, were opposed to the occupation I had determined upon, and consequently withheld either. It is true they were not able to do much for me pecuniarily, but their countenance, encouragement, and advice would have benefited me greatly. These, however, I could not have. Perhaps my choice in the end was well ; but if it were to make again, I certainly should take a different course. Nor would I ever advise a youth. Digitized by Microsoft® 1820.] PRIVATE MEMOIRS. 5 situated as I was, to mako the choice I did, for, altliough some do succeed xinder such circumstances, a much greater number despair and fail. And success in this case even, I should say, by my experience, is too dearly purchased. In 1817 I took leave of my father, and never saw him but twice afterward. I went to Litchfield, where my sisters were, and made an arrangement to read medicine with Dr. Daniel Sheldon of that town, and entered his office accordingly. He put me into Boerhaave and Van Swieten, and I made no pro- gress. A year was thus lost. Finding myself incurring debts more than was pleasant, I went to Goshen in the same county, and engaged in teaching a country school, occupying my inter- vals of leisure in reading such medical or other books as I could boTYow, for I was not able to buy any. Concluding my engage- ments in Goshen I determined to go to Utica, N". Y., where my eldest brother resided, which I did in 1818. He was engaged in mercantile business on a small capital, and I entered his store in the capacity of a clerk, at the same time I entered myself as a student in the office of Dr. Amos G. Hull of that town, and read whenever my other duties permitted. The only compen- sation I received for my. services in the store was my board. I was obhged still to go in debt, and at the termination of one year I again found it necessary to resort to teaching. My brother's business in the mean time went badly, and on my re- suming my studies with Dr. HuU, after my school term had ex- pired, I went to board with a man by the name of Hinman, in Utica, who professed some friendship for me. In 1820 I com- pleted my term of studies, and was licensed to practice, (by Oneida Medical Society.) Soon afterward I went to Bainbridge, in Chenango county, and failing of success in my profession at this place, in consequence of the ground bemg entirely occupied by an old and experienced physician, I was persuaded, after a trial of Uttle more than one year, and most unfortunately for me, as it afterward proved, to purchase a stock of drugs and medicine on account, and open a store in Norwich. I went to the city of New York with flattering letters from Dr. HuU and others, and, withovxt difficulty, purchased the necessary stock of medicines. I rented a store in Norwich and commenced business. So soon as I got fairly under way mj friend {"i) Hin- Digitized by Microsoft® 6 PRIVATE MEMOIRS. [1824. man sued and obtained judgment against me for my board, (at Utica,) and immediately took out an execution for debt and costs, amounting in all to some hundreds of dollars, I do not kno-fT how many. It was suiEcient, however, to ruin me, with other debts which were now pressed for, and which had been incurred by me in procuring my academical as well as profes- sional education. My stock of goods was seized by the sheriff, and to prevent a still greater sacrifice,' by having them sold at public outcry, I disposed of them at much less than cost, to Mr. De Zeng, and realized money enough to satisfy the exe- cution in favor of J. E. Hinman ; and immediately notified my creditors in New York of my situation, promising to pay every cent as soon as I might be able. Some mischievous per- sons, however, taking advantage of circumstances, had been to the trouble to circulate false reports of me in New York, and my creditors there refused to show me any lenity. I jjlaced myself on the defensive, however, as well as I could, and finally, after a good deal of trouble, succeeded in efiecting a satisfac- tory compromise. [I subsequently paid every dollar.] Finding I had little prospect of success in my profession in Chenango county, I had in the mean time concluded to go to Harper's Ferry, where I understood there was a good opening for a phy- sician, and to prosecute my profession there. At Philadelphia, however, I was arrested by one of my creditors, and gave up my watch and the last dollar I had in the world but twenty, to satisfy his claim. Unable to prosecute my journey, and know- ing I had not a single friend at Harper's Ferry, I concluded to try my profession 'in the city of " Brotherly Love," where I had made some acquaintances and friends. But after trying a few months I found I was not making expenses, and I then again had recourse to teaching for support. After teaching about half a year I had an offer (1824) to go to South America, (Venezuela,) from Mr. Lowry, the American Consul for La- guayra, and in the faU of 1824 I sailed for that port in the brig " Coulter." I remained in Venezuela, residing partly at La- guayra, and partly at Caracas, until June 1826, when I re- turned in the same vessel to Philadelphia. Having now suc- ceeded in getting a few hundred dollars ahead, I resolved to take a course of lectures, scad, finish my professional studies and Digitized by Microsoft® 1833.] PRIVATE MEMOIES. ^ graduate. After paying a visit to my friends in the State of New York, and going as far west as Cazenovia in that State, where my eldest sister then resided, I returned to Philadelphia, and again opened an office there. In the winter of 1826-'7 I attended a full course of lectures in Jeiferson Medical College, and in March, 1827, received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in that institution. [In 1827-'8 I joined the society of "Odd Fellows," by initiation, in Washington Lodge No. 2 ; and hav- ing passed the different chairs in that Lodge, I was admitted a member of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania 23d of March, 1829— elected Grand Warden June 8th, 1829— D. G. M. 14th June, 1830, and Grand Master June 13th, 1831. On the 29th March, 1829, 1 organized, joined, and put in operation Philadel- phia Lodge No. 13, of the city of Philadelphia, framing its " Constitution, By-Laws, and Rules of Order," which are still continued vmchanged, and have been the model for the Order everywhere. I was trustee of the South Fifth Street Hall and of the Kensington Hall, and President of both those Boards. In every station I filled I took a very active part — too much so for my personal interests.] For a while I thought I had a fair prospect of success, and continued to struggle along in Phila- delphia, falling behind a little in paying expenses every year for five years, when I found I should have to give up the struggle for success in my profession there. About the time I had con- cluded to abandon my hopes in Philadelphia, I made the ac- quaintance of a man by the name of " Spear," a merchant, then doing business in Philadelphia. He had been in New Or- leans, and proposed to me to join him and go into business at that place. Never having as yet met with any satisfactory suc- cess in my profession, and, consequently, a good deal disgusted with it, I too readily acceded to this proposal, and in October, 1832, sailed from New York in the ship Alabama for New Orleans. My name gave credit to the firm, but I soon found Mr. Spear to be a man devoid of principle, and reckless of char- acter and every thing else. I therefore lost no time in dissolving my connection with him, which had been unfortunate to myself and some of my friends ; and in the spring of 1833 I opened an office on Canal street for the practice of my profession. The summer proved very sickly, and I was succeeding as well in my Digitized by Microsoft® 8 PRIVATE MEMOIES. [1838. business as I could reasonably expect, when I was myself at- tacked with the prevailing fever, and laid up sick for several weeks. By the time I was well enough to attend to my pro- fessional duties again the sickness had weU-nigh subsided, and I had not realized enough to support me until the next summer. I had therefore to look elsewhere than to New Orleans for the means of making a livehhood. Besides, I found the pernicious habit of gambling, to which I always had an inclination, was growing upon me there. Before going to New Orleans, it is true, I had never indulged the inclination to any extent, but there the constant temptation thrown in my way I found was slowly overcoming my resolutions not to indulge this propensity. Whilst in this place, also, partly from having frequently little else to do, and partly to overcome the feelings of disappoint- ments I had so often endured, and more particularly about this time, I also found myself learning to imitate the fashionable practice of taking a "julep" much oftener than was at all ne- cessary. Both of these practices I most cordially despised, it is true, but notwithstanding the facts are as I have stated. I therefore felt anxious to get away from the place and its asso- ciations. About this time I made the acquaintance of two or three gentlemen who resided in Texas, particularly Captain Brown, who commanded the " Sabine," then in the Texas trade. It was represented to me that there was a good opening for a physician at Brazoria, then the principal commercial town in this country, and I was strongly pressed by Captain Brown (and others) to go down with him and look at the place. My impressions of Texas were extremely unfavorable. I had only known it as a harbor for pirates and banditti^ and at first I was wholly opposed to going there to reside. Upon further inquiry and conversation, however, I concluded it was not so bad as it had been represented ; and that whatever its former character had been, it had now assumed an entirely different one ; and finally determined to accede to Captain Brown's request, to go and take a look at the country and judge for myself. I sailed with him from New Orleans on the Sabine about the middle of October, 1833, and arrived at Velasco after the usual passage. On reaching Brazoria, I was so much dissatisfied with the town that I forthwith engaged my passage back to New Orleans on Digitized by Microsoft® 1888.] PEIVATE MEMOIRS. 9 the return trip of the vessel. She was not to sail, however, for a fortnight, and before the expiration of that time I had been per- suaded, through the earnest solicitations of Mr. J. A. Wharton and other citizens of the town and its vicinity, to defer my return to New Orleans for one trip of the Sabine at least, and in the mean time to give the place a fair trial. The consequence to myself is, that I am in Texas still (1849) — the consequences to the country will be, to be judged of hereafter, when history shall have given her truthful and impartial award. " There's a divinity that shapes our ends, Eough hew them how we will." Looking backwards and forwards at my life from this point, this seems emphatically true of myself. For sixteen years pre- viously I had struggled almost in vain against innumerable ob- stacles, and finally abandoning myself to a fate which it appeared. I could not control or direct, I passively floated as it were upon the tide which bore me to Texas ; and the sixteen follow- ing years have been to me comparatively prosperous and successful ones. It is true I have encountered many hardships, and suffered much physically and mentally; but I have suc- ceeded in every thing I attempted, and accomplished every thing I undertook. My sixteen years previous to 1833 had given me that schooling in the knowledge of the world at thirty-five, which men properly trained in early life generally have at twenty-five. In Texas, therefore, I commenced the world anew, profiting by my severe experience in its roughest ways. I have also had constantly before my eyes a conviction from which I have been unable to escape, that somehow or other the destiny of Texas w&a interwoven with my own, that they were indissoluble, and that the one depended materially upon the other. Every thing for the last sixteen years has tended to confirm and strengthen this conviction. When I knded at Brazoria, I had just seventeen dollars in money, and a small stock of medicine worth about fifty dollars more, and I owed more than two thousand dollars, principally security debts, which I have since paid. I became involved in these security debts in consequence of my connection with Spear of a few months, and the villany of a man by the name Digitized by Microsoft® 10 PEIVATE MEMOIRS. [1834, of Stephens, residing at Woodville, Miss., whom we had cred- ited, and who shortly after ran away and went to Canada. Having concluded to give Texas a trial, I Ltnmediately com- menced the practice of my profession at Brazoria, and Soon took the lead of aU competitors in that county. I devoted myself exclusively and earnestly to business, and soon had to ride over a space of from 20 to 40 miles in each direction from Brazoria. In the spring of 1834, the prevailing sickness set in very early, and from that time to the 1st of September, I was constantly occupied every day, and frequently at night, in riding about and attending upon the sick ; and scarcely a per- son in the community escaped an attack more or less severe. At the date above, I was at the house of Mr. Rhea Phillips, on the Bernard, attending a case there, when I was myself • attacked with bilious remittent fever of a violent type. I rode, however, to " BeU's Landing," where there was a steamboat about to leave for Brazoria; and on her I went home, and took my bed, which I did not leave again for more than two months. I had two relapses, and came very near dying ; made my will, and felt perfectly resigned to leave the world, and had no fears of the future. Contrary to my most confident exf)ec- tation, however, from the extremest point of depression and debility, I began to get better, and finally recovered my health entirely, but was a long time in regaining my strength. Dur- ing my sickness, my business was attended to by Dr. Berryman, a gentleman who had just completed his medical studies in my office, and who was, not long after, kUled in a duel with R. A. Stevenson. Late this fall, or early in the winter, (1834,) my sister Mary came out from New York ; and I rented and fur- nished a house in Brazoria, and went to housekeeping. I sent also to "New York for my cousui, Dr. Ira Jones of !N^. Y., who came out in the spring of 1835, completed his studies under my care, and subsequently was associated with me in business. [In 1834-'5, a charter or dispensation (the first in Texas) was obtained for a Freemason's Lodge, to be called Holland Lodge No. 36, from the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, to be held at Brazoria. Of this lodge I was Master, from the time of its formation imtil the winter of 183'7-'8, at which time it was removed to Houston, in Harris county. This winter, viz., Digitized by Microsoft® 1885.] PRIVATE MEMOIRS. ] 1 1837-'8, the Grand Lodge of Texas was established, of which I was then ohosen Grand Master. The old Holland Lodge No. 36, of Louisiana, surrendered its charter, and was newly chartered as Holland Lodge No. 1 under the Grand Lodge of Texas. Since the expiration of my term of service as Grand Master of Masons in Texas, I have until the present time (1849) held the office ot Grand Representative of the State of New York to the Grand Lodge of Texas, and still continue to discharge its duties.] At the close of this year, (1834,) I found myself apparently permanently established, and in possession of a practice worth in money and available property about five thousand dollars a year, with a prospect of its increasing ; and had I continued at my business, and not been induced to join the army, and go into public life, I might and probably would at this time have been worth an independent fortune, and as wealthy as any man in Texas ; not, it is true, from the practice of medicine alone, but from that and the investment of its proceeds in property, which now would in most oases have yielded me an increase of from ten to twenty fold. [Up to this year (1834) my habit of body had been spare, my weight being about 120 or 121 pounds. After my sickness at Col. Wharton's, in 1836, I began to grow fleshy, and my weight since has been increased to 150 or 155 pounds — ^height, 5 feet 8J inches.] This year (1835) the difficulties between Texas and Mexico assumed a character which made it quite apparent that a sepa^ ration must take place, and that a protracted war would ensue. I was one of those, however, who counselled forbearance, and the maintenance of peace as long as the one was proper or the other possible. I consequently did not join in the war-cry early, and was not one of those who early this year secured the appellation of "war-dogs," most of whom afterwards, when the struggle actually came on, showed themselves true disciples of Falstaff, and that they believed " discretion the better part of valor," by leaving the country. I resisted all applications to take part in premature proceedings of rashness, satisfied that " sufficient for the day," when it came, would be " the evil thereof." I therefore attended closely to my professional duties, and was this year again eminently successful in business, though Digitized by Microsoft® 12 PRIVATE MEMOIES. [1835. an anxious observer of the political horizon of my adopted country. I fitted forth my cousin, and sent him to the siege of Bexar, at his sjjecial request, with letters to the unfortunate B. R. MUam, then a soldier under Gen. Burleson. So soon as I could, in the fall, finding a rupture with Mexico was unavoid- able, I prepared to visit San FeUpe, where the " Consultation " was sitting, to witness in person their proceedings. At Colum- bia I found Padre Alpuch6, a Mexican of some distinction, and a friend of Zavala's, who like him was disaifected with his own government, and had come to Texas to take jpart in opposition to it. He represented to me that he could be of service, if he could get to San Felipe and have an interview with Zavala, but could not ride on horseback, and had not the means of procuring a carriage. I therefore undertook to provide for him, and fortunately learned there was a buggy in town belong- ing to Col. W. B. Travis of San Felipe, which I could have. I therefore had my horse tackled to it, and with the Padre started to make the trij), over roads literally covered with water, or knee-deep in mud. The first day we lost our road, got benighted, our horse tired down, and it was midnight when we arrived at our place of destination, Mrs. Powell's. The next day we went to Cole's ; here we were detained by the stormy weather more than a week. I however, by all this experience, satisfiedmyself that my/rMW(Z, the Mexican Senator Padre Alpuchd, was, in the first place, a coward, and in the sec- ond place, untrustworthy in other respects, and that he would, consequently, not do to depend upon for any thing important. This was doubtless of great service, for afterwards it became known to me that it would have been unfortunate for Texas if his advice had been followed ; and that it was not followed, was probably owing to me, in a great measure. My impressions of the Consultation, taken as a whole, were unfavorable — it was near the close of the session. There appeared to me a plenty of recklessness and selfishness, but little dignity or patriotism. StUl there were some good men there. But I felt sick at heart at the prospect. I was intro- duced to Bowie— he was dead drunk; to Houston— his ap- pearance was any thing but decent or respectable, and very much like that of a broken-down sot and debauchee. The first Digitized by Microsoft® 1835.] PRIVATE MEMOIRS. I3 night after my finival, I was kept awake nearly all night by a drunken carouse in the room over that in which I " camped." Dr. Archer and Gen, Houston appeared to be the principal per- sons engaged in the orgie, to jiidge from the noise. What made the whole thing more unpleasant to me, was, that the whole burden of the conversation, so far as it was, at times, intelligible, appeared to be abuse and denunciation of a man for whom I had the highest respect. Gen. Stephen F. Austin, then in command before San Antonio de Bexar, for not break- ing up the siege of that place, and retreating to the east of the Colorado. I remained but two or three days at San Felipe ; my feelings of disgust and disappointment I shall never forget. I cannot even now visit the place, though it has in the mean time been burnt and rebuilt, without the recurrence of sensa- tions any thing but pleasant. I took occasion, however, pub- licly to express my opinions of what I saw and heard, until my friend, Col. John A. Wharton, came to me an'd assured me my life was in danger from some rude attack which was threat- ened, and advised me, that, however true and just my remarlis might be, it was not the disposition of some parties to allow the utterance of them. I however continued their ex- pression as long as I staid at San Felipe. Perhaps my feelings carried me too far, but I think my general impressions were correct. History will not be able to say much in favor of that " Consultation," nor of the Provisional Government they estab- lished. It however had the effect intended, of precipitating the final, and probably inevitable result, of an early separation from Mexico. I returned to Brazoria, satisfied we were in a bad scrape, and that the best and only course was an uncon- ditional declaration of independence. I believed it not only useless, but false, to talk about sustaining the " principles of the Constitution of 1824." There were but the two alterna^ tives left us, absolute submission to, or absolute independence of Mexico. Of course, I advocated the latter, and refused to ■have any thing to do with any other policy, or connection with the advocates of any other. In December, 1835, 1 took steps to aid in calling a public meeting of the citizens of the municipality or county of Bra- zoria, at Columbia. There was a large attendance. I drew Digitized by Microsoft® 14 PRIVATE MEMOIKS. [1885. up, offered, and advocated, as chairman of the committee, resolutions in favor of a " Declaration of Independence from Mexico," and calliag a Convention of the people of Texas on the first Monday in March, 1836, to make the Declaration, and to frame a Constitution ; also resolutions fixing the hasis of representation in said convention, &c., &c These recom- mendations were advocated by myself, J. CoUinsworth, and B. C. Franklin, and opposed by W. J. Kussell. Fearing to trust the vote, I proposed not to take it, but to let the resolutions be signed by those who approved them, and go to the country as the expression of the individuals whose names should be appended. This mode was adopted by the meeting. We suc- ceeded in getting about twenty or thirty names from among those who were present ; but as the proceedings could not be printed for several days, our plan continued to gain, untU nearly everybody signed before they were published. The Provisional Government, if it could be called a government, adopted the suggestions of the Columbia meeting, and made the call for a convention agreeably to the recommendations of our resolutions. I beUeve, therefore, I took the first efficient step for the independence of Texas, and offered and advocated the first resolutions for that purpose. The people of the coun- try were at first startled by the boldness of the Columbia Resolutions, but events were in progress in Mexico which had the effect I anticipated, and by the 2d of March following, there were but few in the country who did not acquiesce in the propriety of the course proposed in those resolutions. The vote in the Convention on that day was unanimous, as I believe. (V. p. 114.) In taking the active and responsible part I did in the Co- lumbia meetuig, I had no personal motive of any kind in view. Office was then the farthest thing from my mind. I felt sohcit- ous to give a Tight direction to affairs, and perfectly willing to let whoever wished have the carrying of them into execution. I had kept aloof, and taken no part in bringing about or accelerating the public difficulties, but now they were upon us, I had no disposition to shrink from duty or responsibility. The crisis had come, and it was time for every patriot to speak out • but 1 solemnly declare, I was actuated by motives whoUy Digitized by Microsoft® 1886.] PRIVATE MEMOIRS. 15 unselfish. I might, if T wished, have been elected to the Convention, whicli I liad talcen so active a part in having called, but I declined all requests to become a candidate. I had no disposition whatever to enter upon a career of public life. I continued, as usual, my attention to business which was rather more pressing than ordinary in consequence of the absence of my cousin, who, however, did not remain away long. The siege of Bexar ended in the assault and capture of the place, and he returned home. Nothing further of interest personally occurred this fall, except the establishment of the Masonic lodge at Brazoria, of which I was chosen first Master. It was called Holland Lodge No. 36, and worked under a dispensation from the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, and was the first Masonic lodge ever opened in Texas. It is stUl in existence as Holland Lodge No. 1, at the city of Houston. There was no mistaking the portents of things when the year 1836 dawned upon Texas. Santa Anna and the Mexican people were thoroughly aroused by the events of Bexar, and evidences of an early and formidable invasion came with every breeze from the west. I began to prepare for the storm. I broke up housekeeping, and sent my sister home to New York in February. In March came the news of the fall and mas- sacre of the Alamo, and I immediately enlisted as a volunteer private soldier in Capt. Calder's company, 2d Regiment infantry, and joined the army at the Beeson crossing of the Colorado, two days before the retreat to the Brazos commenced. My cousin, Ira Jones, I left at Brazoria to look after my interests, and herewith instructions, as requested by him, that if the place should have to be abandoned, he should join me in the army, which he subsequently did. During the time the troops were encamped in the Brazos bottom, the dysentery and measles broke out, (April, 1836,) and at the very urgent solici- tations of Col. Sherman, and many of my friends and former patients in the army, -I consented to take the post of surgeon to the .2d Regiment. It was necessary, in fact, for me to do so, but I made it a condition of accepting, that I should be per- mitted to resign so soon as the necessity of my acceptance of the place should cease ; and that, in the mean time, I should be permitted to hold " my rank " as a private in the line. In Digitized by Microsoft® IQ PEIVATE MEMOIRS. [1836. accordance with this agreement, I continued to do duty in both capacities, until the increase of sickness compelled me to give up my " privateship." I was so successful in treating the cases of sickness which came under my charge, that, although the army was without tents to some extent a part of the time on the march, there was not a single death in the 2d Regiment from the time I was appointed, until the battle on the 21st of April. [April 2d, 1836.— I discharged from this time the duties of Judge Advocate General, until I left for ISTew Orleans, in May. V. " Army Orders."] I saw but little of Gen. Houston, and had not much conver- sation with him until the evening of the day we crossed the Brazos at Groce's, when we took supper together with some relatives of Mr. Groce, who were occupying his house tempo- rarily. He asked me, after supper, privately, what I thought of the prospects. I told him the men were deserting, and if the retreating policy were continued much longer, he would be pretty much alone. He said there was a " traitor " in the army among the officers, and asked me to guess who it was. I immediately, without a moment's hesitation, replied that I " guessed " it was one of his volunteer aids, Col. Perry. The General said, I have intercepted a letter of his to the Cabinet ; he is endeavoring to have the command taken from me, and wants it himself. I told him I had no confidence in Perry, and thought him a reckless fool, but that he (Houston) might de- pend upon it, there was a deep and growing dissatisfaction in the camp, and that Perry's conduct was but an index of that feeling. He seemed thoughtful and irresolute ; said he hoped yet to get a bloodless victory ; and the conversation dropped, with an expression of an earnest hope on my part, that the next move he made would be towards the enemy. (April 15th, 1836.) On the morning of the day we left cajnp at Harrisburg and crossed the bayou, a " general order " was issued, and a detail was made to stay with the sick ; and I and Dr. Phelps (hos- pital surgeon) were of the number. I resolved, as I have done on subsequent occasions, to " disobey the order." I, therefore, having attended to my daily routine, handed over my sick to • Digitized by Microsoft® 1836.] PRIVATE MEMOIRS. lY the hospital surgeon, and jomed the army at the crossing, about sundown, and proceeded with it to Lynchburg. As a consequence, I participated in the battle of San Jacinto next day and the 21st, and that night was occupied the entire time, and until sunrise next morning, in assisting to dress the wounds received on the field. I accompanied the Commander-in-chief and the captive Mexican President to Galveston, having re- signed my office of surgeon to the 2d Regiment in favor of my cousin, Ira Jones, who had joined the army a short time previ- ous. I was now appointed Assistant Surgeon-General and Med- ical Purveyor to the army, and sent to N'ew Orleans to procure suppUes (May 10th.) I was absent about a month, and return- ing, made my head-quarters at Brazoria. The latter part of the summer I had a violent attack of dysentery, while on a visit with Judge CoUinsworth at the house of Col. Wm. H. Wharton, ten miles from town, and was confined to my room for more than two months. During this time my cousin re- turned from the army, and in a few days after sickened and died, an event caused no doubt by exposure and fatigue whUe on duty ; for he had one of the best constitutions in the world. He had many warm friends, and his death was deeply regretted by myself and aU who knew him. On my return, after my long sickness at Col. Wharton's, I found every thing in disorder ; my office had been broken open, and every thing taken from it that was portable and valuable, even to my saddles, bridles, and blankets. My desk had also been robbed of what money I had. Two lawyers had " squat- ted " in one room of my office, and I was unable to get them out for several weeks ; when I succeeded, it produced a " chal- lenge" from my friend, the Chief Justice J. CoUinsworth, which I accepted, to fight with pistols at ten steps. It was, however, settled, his object having been to "bluff," which, when he found would not succeed, he got his friend, T. F. McKinney, to get him out of the scrape. He ever after, how- ever, hated me, and being in the habit of drinking to excess, threw himself away, and was iuially lost in Galveston Bay the following year. At the close of this year, (1836,) having resigned my office in the army, I again prepared to resume my practice, which now for some ten months had been interrupted. 2 Digitized by Microsoft® 18 PRIVATE MEMOIRS. V-SSl. Before many months, however, I was diverted from my pur- pose, by solicitations from various friends, (?) from various mo- tives, to be a candidate for member of Congress from Brazoria. It would be difficult to analyze the arguments and feelings by which I was actuated in consenting. I had " fought, bled, and died " for the country in the first place, and this had increased my desire to see it prosperous and successful. Habit had accustomed me to reflect more and more upon public matters. The first Congress of Texas had committed the most woful blunders, and there had been much reckless and interested legislation. I felt a desire to see these things remedied, and thought I might be useful. I was urgently solicited by some friends, whose wishes I respected and felt disposed to gratify. I therefore, unfortunately for my own happiness, yielded my consent to let my name be brought before the people. Soon afterwards it was discovered that I was opposed to the " Texas Railroad, Navigation, and Banking Company," and its friends turned against me. I made no secret of my sentiments. This I conceived to be one of the most corrupt schemes of iniquity ever sanctioned by a Legislature and a President, and consti- tuted one of the main reasons why I was willing to give up private life, that I might have an opportunity of crushing it. But the issue was made sooner than I expected. Its friends were powerful ; and Gen. S. Houston, then in the heyday of his popularity, had sanctioned it, and approved the law char- tering it. But I attacked it so successfully in an article signed " Franklin," published in a Matagorda paper, that I eflTectually crushed the hydra ; though from it have sprung a brood of enemies, which to this day have not ceased to strike at me for my opposition to it. Prominent among these are Dr. B. T. Archer, T. J. Green, T. P. McKinney, and A. C. Horton. I was elected to Congress, and first took my seat in that body at the called session of the 2d Congress, in Sept., 183 "7. In speaking of the 1st Congress of Texas, I have uniformly de- nounced in terms of censure, three acts as corrupt, and one as impoUtic. In this connection, I may as well name them. 1st, the Texas R. R., N., and B. Co., (above alluded to ;) 2d, the location of Houston as the seat of government ; and 3d, the sale of Galveston Island. These three acts constituted a per- Digitized by Microsoft® 1888.] PEIVATE MEMOIRS. 19 feet " selling out " of Texas to a few individuals, or, at least, of every thing that was available ia 1836 ; for, burdened with the Texas Railroad, Navigation, and Banking Co., if it had been practicable to carry out the scheme, the public lands of the country would have been comparatively worthless. The Com- pany would have been the great "feudal landlord" of the whole, and held them all by a feudal tenure. Houston and Galveston were pretty respectable speculations by members of a legislature ; but the other was a grabbing up of every thing that was left. There were many impolitic acts passed by the 1st Congress, — such as the one reviving the corruptly purchased charter of the " Agricultural Bank," [V. Act for relief of McKinney & WUliams, 1st vol. Laws of Texas] — but the one to which I have more particularly alluded above, is the " Land Law," of this year. The passage of that law vested, ia my opioion, certain rights and privileges which made it incumbent on the next legislature to pass the land law of 1838, which, objectionable though it may have been, was the best, under the circumstances, which could have been passed at that time, without conflicting with the equitable rights which had grown up under the former one. \January, 1850. — I have been blamed for voting for the land law of 1838. The reasons are partly stated above. There are many others which influenced me. The colonization laws of Mexi- co and of Coahuila had vested rights — also the Consultation and Provisional Government, which had to be respected ; and the country would not have submitted to a disregard of them by Congress. The evils are manifest which have grown out of that law. The Committee (of which I was one) foresaw and pre- dicted them in their Report. The object was to make as good a law as possible under the circumstances, which we did, and presented it. Amendments were made which I disapproved of; but I defy any man now, after twelve years' experience of the law with its resulting evils, to draw up a biU which Anglo- Saxon land-stealers cannot take advantage of, without violating the rights which had inured to citizens of Texas under former legislation by Mexico, Coahuila, and Texas herself. The Mexi- can colonization system, which we had to carry out, was not Digitized by Microsoft® 20 PRIVATE MEMOIRS. [1838. well adapted to prevent the frauds of Anglo-Saxon cupidity and Anglo-Saxon ingenuity. The fault, therefore, is in the system which pubhc faith required us to carry out, and not in the " law " by which it was done. I wash my hands of this matter entirely. The President in his veto pointed out the evils of the biU, as the committee had done which reported it, but failed to point out any remedy, or to propose any plan by which the public faith could be preserved. Everybody of ordinary sagaci- ty knew there would be frauds committed the moment a land- office was opened in Texas. It took no prophet to tell us that ; it would have taken all the prophets and apostles to boot to have told us how frauds were to be prevented in Texas land matters. It is a very easy matter to pull to pieces, though a very difficult one to construct, a perfect edifice. The greatest fault after all that can be found with this bill is, that it did not stop "perjury;" for, aside from perjury, (which no law can stop,) few evils have grown out of it. The law itself possesses every possible safeguard against fraud.] The called session of the 2d Congress was merged in the regular session, and this lasted until January, at which time Congress adjourned to meet again in May. In the recess be- tween the regular and adjourned sessions I visited Brazoria, and spent the time partly in settling up my old business there, in- tending to be ready to resume the practice after the adjourned session. That came on, and I again returned to Houston, and com- pleted my tenn of service with the close of that session in June. At this period I became engaged to be married to my present wife, Mrs. Mary McCrory. The marriage was fixed for the last of the month ; in the mean time I again made a visit to Brazo- ria on private business. WhUe here I received a message from the President, requesting me to come to Houston immediately, — that he wished me to accept the appointment of Agent to the United States for the purpose of procuring a navy for Texas. So soon as I could arrange matters I returned to Houston, and when I called on the President, he told me that he had changed his mind about the service he wished to employ me in — that he had tendered the appointment of Minister to the United States to P. W. Grayson, (then a candidate for President,) but that he having declined accepting it, he wished me to accept it, and let S. M. Digitized by Microsoft® 18S8.] PRIVATE MEMOIRS. 21 "Williams go for the navy. I told him both offers were entirely unexpected by me— that I did not feel competent to discharge the duties of either, and that although I had come to Houston agreeably to his request, it was to decline the appointment ten- dered. He then urged and insisted on my taking the ofBce of Minister, said he did not know any one else he could get whom he could trust, and appealed to my patriotism to induce me to consent. I finally told him I would think of the matter, and give him an answer next day. But the next day I was taken very sick, and the final conclusion of the matter was de- layed until I got about again, which was nearly a month. No person having been found in the mean time, I consented to ac- cept, and my instructions were made out and handed to me. In consequence of accepting this appointment, the marriage arrangement was postponed until I should return from "Wash- ington city, which, as Gen. Houston's term would expire in a few months, was understood would be in the course of one year. I started irom Houston on horseback, having recovered barely sufiicient to ride, and went by Brazoria to Velasco. Here I took passage on the steamer Columbia for New Orleans. From this time I have kept a pretty constant diary of my life to the present period, as wOl be seen by reference to my books and papers. [See four small pocket memorandum books, and one large folio, also files of letters and other manuscripts.] I shaU, therefore, merely string together some leading incidents, in order to give a connected view of my life from this period to the present time of writing. Most of my public acts will be found in the records of the country's history for the same period. I remained at "Washington City nearly one year as the Repre- sentative of Texas, when I was recalled by General Lamar. I returned to Texas on one of the government vessels, (then called the Viper,) a war schooner, in company with Mr. S. M. "Williams, agent for their purchase, and M. A. Bryan, the Secretary of Legation, both of whom were recalled about the same time. "We landed at Galveston, where I first learned I had been elect- ed to the Senate for two years, to fill a vacancy in that body occa- sioned by the death of "William H. "Wharton of Brazoria county. [I knew nothing of my having been a candidate.] I at first de- termined to decline, being tired of public life, and wishing to Digitized by Microsoft® 22 PEIVATE MEMOIRS. [1889. attend to my private affairs, but by the over-persuasions of many worthy citizens, I yielded to their request that I should serve. [My friends had compromitted me.] This was a great sacrifice for me; it ruined my business and prospects, and brought me in constant contact with an administration which was gradually sucking the life-blood of the country away. I had the pain of constantly watching the ruin which was pro- gressing, without the power to arrest the downward tenden- cy of things. [I had seen enough of this in the former adminis- tration.] At Galveston I accepted a public dinner on my arrival ; shortly afterwards I went to Brazoria and partook of one with my fellow-citizens there. I then went to Houston to settle my business with the State Department, to visit the Presi- dent, and make a final report of my stewardship while abroad. While here the yellow fever broke out ; and not liking to leave whUe there was danger of an attack (on the road) where I could not get the necessary assistance, I thought it most prudent to stay and face the enemy. I escaped, however, and in October started for Austin, to which the seat of government had been removed. The 4th Congress met here, and I took my seat as Senator from Brazoria. For a little whUe I had some hope, and exerted myself to roll back the tide of reckless and adverse legislation, but I soon found it was useless to waste my strength in unavaihng and hopeless efforts. I found that argument was not available — it was not intelligence so much as honesty and patriotism which was wanting in Congress. I, therefore, con- tented myself with doing what little good I could in a quiet way, and as there was no rudder, to let the vessel drift. Hav- ing abandoned all idea of resuming practice in Brazoria, which had now passed entirely into other hands, and becoming inter- ested to a small extent in Austin city property, I, at the close of the session of Congress; commenced building myself a house on Pecan street. On the 17th of May I was married, and spent the summer principally in making improvements on my place, or in doing nothing. The fall of the year brought the 5th Congress, and I took my place rather mechanically in the Senate. A few days after the session commenced the President obtained leave of absence, the Vice President vacated the chair of the Senate to assume the executive functions, and I was chosen by one Digitized by Microsoft® 1841.] PRIVATE MEMOIRS. 23 majority to fill his place. Deciding questions of order suited me, gave me employment, and filled up time which otherwise would have hung very unpleasantly on my hands ; for, in the proceedings of a Congress, when the government was rushing downward with hourly increasing velocity, I, of course, could feel neither interest nor pleasure. It was at best only " locking the stable door after the horse was stolen." The 5th Congress came to a close, (1841,) and as if the ruin was not already suffi- ciently complete. Gen. Lamar started the Santa Fe expedi- tion, which, as the gamblers say, " made a clean turn " of every thing on land, and the Yucatan one of every thing afloat. Having passed through my term in the Senate unsatisfactorily and unprofitably enough to myself, I made another effort in good faith to escape to private life. I sold my house and im- provements in Austin, and took my family and returned to Bra- zoria county, and recommenced the practice of my profession at Columbia, boarding with Mr. Ammon Underwood. By fall I had succeeded in establishing a business about as extensive as I could attend to. But my office-holding had impoverished me, and embarrassed my affairs just at a time when the wants and expenses of a family were beginning to be felt. I however was beginning to emerge from these difficulties, when I was again implored to take upon myself the duties of office. The Presi- dential term of Gen. Lamar expired in December of this year, and Gen. Houston's second term commenced. It was a ques- tion of life or death with the country, which had been brought to the extremest point of exhaustion consistent with the ability of being resuscitated. Gen. Houston's first term had been characterized by many errors and foUies, and by a wide-spread ruin Gen. Lamar had completed what his predecessor had begun. At this inauspicious moment I was solicited, urged, implored, and finally persuaded by Gen. Houston, K. G. An- derson, and very many others, to accept the office of Secretary of State. I was assured I should have worthy associates in the cabinet, &c., &c., &c., &c., and promised as a sine qua non to acceptance that I should have a paramount control. I then en- tered upon this new field of duty, with a determination to snatch the country from the verge of destruction upon which she was tottering, and to save her if possible, notwithstanding the almost Digitized by Microsoft® 24: PRIVATE MEMOIRS. [18«. insurmountable difficulties with wHch she was surrounded. In this purpose I never faltered nor ceased until complete success had crowned my effl3rts. It is too true the conditions of the com- pact with the President were violated by him in more than one instance ; and when the danger appeared to be past, he wished to act in such a way as to induce the impression that Samuel Hous- ton was the sole, man in the government ; but I was not to be turned from a purpose of such magnitude, when nearly com- pleted, by these things. My object was to save the country, nor did I care to whom the credit of the act should inure, so the object sought was accomphshed. To the candor and the justice of posterity I am willing to leave the settlement of these things ; and though not indifferent to the good opinion of my fellow- citizens, I have no disposition to discount an enduring posses- sion for present notoriety any more than " to mistake the noise of a mob for the trumpet of Fame." [From this time to the 19th February, 1846, see the public records and archives of the country for the history of my acts — also my letters to Mr. Tyler and others, as well as my memoranda and other manuscripts. Note. — 1850, February 1st. I never was 2i. politician or an office- seeker, either in Texas or anywhere else. I have never asked place or preferment. When I came to Texas it was with far other views. The necessities of the country, not my own will or wishes, drew me from private life.] Having despatched Col. ReUly to "Washington City with instructions on the subject of annexation, and given instruc- tions to Gen. Mcintosh at Paris for settling the French diffi- culty, I turned my attention to the Legislature for such action as our situation required, and principally to the all-important subject of finance. The currency of the country, or promissory notes, had sunk so low that they no longer circulated as money. A rigid economy was therefore enjoined, and an expenditure based upon, while it should be within, the actual receipts of the Government. As a temporary expedient, the issue of a limited amount of exchequer or treasury bUls was recommended, for the double purpose of meeting a present emergency, and for fa- cilitating the operations of the revenue department of the Gov- ernment. Retrenchment was the watchword of the adminis- tration, and rigidly was it enforced, as the pockets of all Digitized by Microsoft® 1842.] PRIA^ATE MEMOIRS. 25 government officers 'attested. On tlie adjournment of the 6th or " Retrenchment Congress," I visited my family at Columbia, and then joined the President at Galveston, where instructions were prepared for Dr. Ashbel Smith, who was despatched on his important mission to Europe. Prom this I again returned to Columbia, and then joined the President at Houston, to which place the seat of government had been arbitrarily re- moved. I remained here as long as it appeared to be neces- sary, and then went to spend some time with my family at Columbia, and attend to my business at that place. \_Nbte. In June I went to New Orleans as Commissioner of the Five MUlion Loan, which I negotiated with Mr. Bourgeois D'Or- vanne.J In Jvily I was summoned by the President to join him at Houston, and again started to go there, but was taken down severely sick at Col. Wm. T. Austin's, where I was detained for several weeks, and then went again to Houston ; and from thence to Columbia, where I stayed several weeks. I then joined the President at Washington, on the Brazos, to which place the seat of government, in a fit of Executive spleen at Houston, had been removed. Here shortly afterward com- menced the regular session of the 7th Congress of the Republic. [Oct., 1842. From this time I was never absent from the seat of Government, except on (public) business. JVbte. — Jan. 1st, 1850. Having, during a period of more than ten years, been called upon to act much in conjunction with Gen. S. Houston, justice to myself, as well as to him, requires I should give a summary of this connection, and an estimate of his character. In 1835, 1 formed a very unfavorable opinion of him on first acquaintance, regarding him as a miserable sot, without dignity of character, and without principle of any kind, and altogether reckless. In the campaign of 1836 I became partially reconciled. From the time of his election to the Presidency, I whoUy disapproved many of his prominent pubUo acts, particularly during the 1st Congress in 1836-'7, and continued opposed generally until 1842. His course that winter (1841-'2) restored him to my confidence ; but from that time, and the close of that session of Congress, we gradually drifted apai-t, until in 1848, when he joined the "free-soil party," we separated forever. I have therefore, at two periods. Digitized by Microsoft® 26 PRIVATE MEMOIRS. [1849. approved Ms course; at three others, disapproved it. The " vote," so far as I am concerned, seems to be three to two against him ; and I think this is ahout the proportion of good and evU in his character, as exhibited during the time of my connection with him. But for the emergency in which Texas stood, I would never have acted with him at all. To show his intense selfishness, I advert to the certain fact of his seeking, in the first place, to break down my administration ; and failing in this, to appropriate to himself the credit of all my acts, as Secretary of State and President of Texas, and by every means which ingenuity, recklessness, and falsehood could devise.J About this time (1842) I removed with my family to Wash- ington, and commenced boarding with J. L. Farquhar. This year I made a purchase of M. Austin Bryan, of his quarter of a league of land, near Washington, on which I now reside, known as Barrington. I paid him about $400 in money, and a medical biU for a smaU. amount which he owed me. In Jan., 1844, 1 rented the plantation of Gen. James R. Cook's widow, adjoining my Barrington tract, and commenced farming on a small scale ; and at the same time building and making other improvements on my own tract. I contracted with Mr. John Campbell to build a house, kitchen, and smoke-house, and to pay him $700, and furnish all the materials on the ground. (Details omitted here, v. original.) On the 2d day of September of this year, (1844,) I was elected President of Texas for three years, from the 9th of December, by a popular majority of about 1,500 votes over Gen. Edward Burleson. On the 5th of March, 1845, I removed to my new home, " Barrington," named after my native town in Massachusetts. On the 19th Feb., 1846, I surrendered the Government of Texas into the hands of Gen. J. P. Henderson, Governor, and Texas ceased her career as a Republic, and began that of a State of the American Union. May she never have cause to regret the change. SiQce 1846 I have resided constantly on my farm, super- intending my agricultural pursuits, and the education of my children. So closed the year Anno Dom. 1849. ANSON JONES. [62 pp. original. A page for each year of my life. Jan. 20th, 1850.1 Digitized by Microsoft® MEMORANDA memoeandum: book No. i, Commencing July, 1888, and ending January, 1839. The Congress of Texas (2d) adjourned on the 24th of May. This body, though not characterized by great talent, have done much towards impressing a character on the institutions of the country. The land business was found by them in confosion, and surrounded by difficulties, and they did the best they could under the curcumstances. Much litigation must ensue; they did all they could to prevent it. The national faith and credit were sustained — these were all-important considerations. Gen. Houston wrote me June 9th, tendering me the ap- pointment of Navy Agent, and requested me to return imme- diately to Houston from Brazoria. [I had an interview with him on the 22d June. I remained in Houston until 15th July.] Dr. Irwin's (Secretary of State) greatest anxiety was the settlement of the Boundary Line question with the United States, and the establishment of friendly relations with that Government. New OELEAifS, July 25ih. — The Collector of the port, or the one acting as such, showed he was a genuine republican, by treating me with the utmost rudeness and indifference ; had difficulty and delay in getting a permit to land one trunk; and a small package he would not permit me to land without sending it to the Custom House for inspection, so I abandoned it ; and he, at my request, scratched it off the baggage entry I had made. {^ISfote. — 1852. So poorly stood Texas in 1838. The Collector knew I was her accredited Minister.] July 28th. — In conversation with Mr. Ward, he stated that Digitized by Microsoft® 28 MEMORANDA. [1838. one of the principal objections which he had to going to Texas, and taking his family, was the want of schools there ; that it was bad enough in New Orleans in this respect, &c. I tried last spring to procure an appropriation of the public lands for the purposes of education, and made a report to Congress on the subject. They referred it to the Judiciary Committee, who defeated the project, by delaying any action on it until the last day of the session. Branch was chairman, and I scolded him about it. Wm. H. Wharton has promised to bring the matter up again next session. July 1%th. — ^I shall be surprised at no one's committing sui- cide after hearing of Col. Grayson's doing so. It is the first time in my life that any one in the circle of my acquaintance has done such an act ; and it has shocked me more than the death of a dozen others would have done in the usual course. I believe party abuse has been the cause, acting upon some pre- disposition to morbid melancholy. Col. CoUinsworth's drown- ing himself was a thing in course. I had expected it, as I knew him to be deranged, and, when excited by liquor, almost mad. In all the annals of suicide, perhaps no parallel to these two cases can be found. Two years ago they were in this house, and on their way to Washington together, as Commissioners on the part of Texas to procure recognition, &c. ; and, at the time of their deaths, both candidates for the highest office in the republic. Both committed suicide about the same time, and at the distance of 2,000 miles from each other ; both at the time holding high and responsible offices in the Republic of Texas. On" boaed the Bucketb, July 2>\st. — Find travelling on the Mississippi much pleasanter than I expected. We have about 40 passengers, including two ladies, and all very civil, genteel, and agreeable. There must have been an immense improve- ment here since the days of the " Broad Horns." Natchez, August 1st. — I did not see the town on the hill, which I very much regret, as I was disappointed in the lower town ; it is a mere lodge on the side of the bluflF, and much smaller than I had anticipated. This part is so notoriously infamous, that I had fancied it much larger, not expecting that a spot so small could have held vice and profligacy enough to Digitized by Microsoft® 1888.] MEMOKAKDA. 29 make it so distinguished. It must have been very much con- densed. Baitimoee, August 23d. — To-day I have to make my debut in Washington City. I feel like a schoolboy just before exam- ination, and wish the " ceremonial " was well over. Wasuingtoh City, August 2Sth. — The "People" says my appointment was a reward for supporting the Administration ! The Journals wiU show that I never supported the administra- tion/ my votes will uniformly be found opposed to every measure I did not approve. I only supported the country and its President, opposing error and extravagance. October 1st. — Mr. Slacum called ; informs me that the Bay of San Francisco is in lat. 31° 48', and has from 7 to 9 fathoms of water. Texas should look to this and the Californias. Read the essays of Americanus hi the St. Louis Beacon, August, 1829, and La Salle, October, 1829, both by Col. Ben- ton, on the bad policy of having lost Texas, and the policy and importance of reannexing it to the United States. These essays are strong and incontrovertible. Mr. Adams is acting a double part. He has lost Texas to the United States, and is trying to hide the blame for the loss in smoke. WASHmGTON City, October 2d. — ^The important right which belongs to Texas of a free navigation of the Red and Arkansas Elvers to the Mississippi, and thence by that river to the ocean, appears to have been forgotten. By the law of nations (nature ?) she unquestionably has that right. No wonder that the United States were averse to the recognition of our inde- pendence. Annexation, as her statesmen foresaw, would have "been much more advantageous. Owing to Northern fanaticism and the blind spirit of abolition, we remain a " spunky little independent republic," with all our "blushing honors thick upon us." October 8th. — Mr. Catlett called at the State Department at 12 M., with my letter of credence (copy.) Mr. Vail sent for him at 2 P. M., and to morrow at 2 P. M. was arranged for my presentation to the President. Mr. Van Buren requested, through the Secretary of State, a copy of my intended address, which Mr. Catlett made out and sent him. October 9th. — ^At 2 P. M., agreeably to arrangement, I took Digitized by Microsoft® 30 MEMORANDA. [1838. a carriage, and repaired to the Department of State. Mr. Vail received me very cordially and politely, and went with me in the carriage to the President's. We were introduced, by an attendant in waiting, into the reception room, or one so used on this occasion ; it was the small room immediately east of, and adjoining the large circular one. After being seated two or three minutes, the President entered alone. I advanced to meet him, when the usual civilities were exchanged. I then took from the table within my reach, my letter of credence, which I had laid down there, and holding it in my hand, made a short complimentary address. When I had finished, I handed the letter to him, which he received, and then replied. He then advanced, and again offered me his hand, and invited me to a seat. He made many inquiries of me about myself; asked me if I was from North Carolina, or intimated as if he was under that impression. I remained about ten minutes, when, the conversation stopping, I rose ; the President rose, and again shook hands, and saying he would be happy to see me again, bade me good morning. Accompanied by the Act- ing Secretary, I left the room. On the front steps the Acting Secretary took leave, saying I would always find him at the Department, and that he would be happy to do any thing for me in his power. So ended the ceremony of Presentation. October 10th. — ^Addressed the State Department on the subject of exchanging the ratifications of the Treaty of Limits. October 12th. — ^Withdrew the proposition for the annexa- tion of Texas to the United States, and exchanged the ratifica- tions of the Treaty of Limits with Aaron VaU, Esq., Acting Secretary of State. October 13th. — Received Mr. VaU's note in answer to mine withdrawing the proposition for annexation, and wrote officially to Gen. Henderson and Dr. Irwin. JVovember 6th. — ^Dined with Mr. Poinsett, (Secretary of War;) party very similar to that at the President's. Mr. Poinsett agrees with me on the impolicy of offensive opera- tions against Mexico. He says that Mexico will not invade Texas, unless Texas, invading, should meet with a reverse, when Mexico, enheartened, would follow. All the northern States of Mexico, now disposed to be friendly, would also be- Digitized by Microsoft® l-';!8.] MEMORANDA. 31 come hostile in case of their country being attacked, and give great annoyance to Texas. Texas should act on the de- fensive by land ; if on the offensive at all, it should be by sea. The northern Mexican States are in favor of the Constitution of '24 ; the southern, more inoUned, and better adapted to centralism. N'ovember 22d — Called at the State Department, saw Mr. Forsyth, spent a few minutes very pleasantly with him (unoffi- cial.) He proposed that we should make peace with Mexico, by agreeing to furnish them their supplies through Texas, and thus enable them to withstand the French. I told him I thought it would not be good treatment towards our friends the French. He laughed, and said no, if indeed they were our friends. N'ovember 2ith. — Should the northern States of Mexico separate from the southern, it wiU be our policy to cultivate the most friendly relations, but not to join them to us. On this accoimt invasion would not be advisable, if there were no other reasons. But whether they separate or not, the most friendly relations should be sedulously cultivated. November 29th. — Read the article in McOulloch's Dictionary of Commerce on the subject of Cotton and its manufactures. If England does not take the " blind staggers," she cannot much longer remain indifferent to the growing importance of Texas to her in this respect. [Note. — I have lost no opportu- nity to impress this matter upon the foreign Ministers here ; and indeed upon every one, both in my correspondence and personal intercourse.] MEMORANDUM BOOK NO. 2. For the Tear 1839. [My attention was chiefly directed during the winter to pro- curing the passage of laws by the TJ. S. Congress for appointing Commissioners, and making an appropriation for running and marking the boundary line between Texas and the United States — for procuring admission for our cotton free of duty — and I also was much employed in the matter of depredations committed by Indians from the United States upon the frontiers of Texas.] Digitized by Microsoft® 32 MEMORANDA. [1839, WASHiNGTOif City, Ap-il 2d. — In conversation with Mr. J. W. Houston of this city, he informed me he was present at an interview between Gen. Samuel Houston and Gen. Jackson be- fore the former went to Texas, and that it was the understand- ing between them that Gen. Jackson would claim the JVeches as the true Sabine ! ! ! April 8th. — 'Ho intelligence from the cabinet at home, each and all of whom appear to be exclusively engaged in the pro- motion of their own private interest and advancement ; every thing else seems neglected. April 9th. — ^A foolish project appears to be on foot to send a minister (Col. Bee) to Mexico ; a shallow proceeding, which will probably result in no good. It will take about one year for the present administration of Texas to demonstrate its weak- ness and its ... . Every honest and tried friend of the coun- try has been removed out of the way, to give place to a few newly-imported politicians, who intend to reap the profits of others' toils and sufferings. April 12th. — N"o Gen. Dunlap has come to hand. I do not understand the shuffling at home — " something is rotten in the State " — selfishness and intrigue appear to be the order of the day ; little attention is paid to the great interests of the coun- try ; but there certainly appears to be a most "plentiful lack" of patriotism. April 13th.~lt is a strong evidence of the poverty of worth or talent, when such a man as L. is called for the head of a country. He is a very weak man, and governed by petty pas- sions which he cannot control, and by prejudices which are the result of ignorance (of the world). Obstinacy he possesses, and what his friends call honesty. The financial affairs of Texas are in a most ruinous train; the recklessness of the present adminis- tration is most astonishing in this respect. Congress have made the most extravagant as well as unlimited appropriations, with- out providing any means. The repeal of the cash tariff system wiU have a most unfavorable effect also. Years of suffering and misery are entailed upon Texas if she persist in her present finan- cial course. Individual rum, and loss of national credit and character, must be the certain result. I thank God I on all occasions voted and used my exertions against the issuing a Digitized by Microsoft® 1839.] MEMORANDA. 33 single "shin-plaster." These will put the country hack ten years. April 15 th. — Every Texas shin-plaster now issued is a fraud and a national crime, and all confidence either in the wisdom or honesty of the government must soon be lost. Received papers from Texas, but no letters. Every thing attests the weak- ness and imbecility of the administration. The lawyers are like to have , fine harvesting, and many are gathering to the field. The government must soon come to a stand stUl for want of funds. Their foolish extravagance is incredible, horrible. An unlimited amount of promissory notes have been appropriated for public buUdings, when the present ones are sufficient for five or ten years to come, or even for twenty if necessary. April. — ^The result of the Texas system (?) of finance will be to throw millions of shin-plasters into the hands of individuals at 10 cents on the dollar, which the Government will have to redeem at 100 cents, and 10 per cent, interest thereon (or re- pudiate.) This is the great swindling plan, and the bubble wiU burst one of these days. The situation of the diplomatic repre- sentative of such a government as Texas is above aU others the most irksome and unpleasant. If there were any decent system of government, or one properly administered, this would be different. I will hold no other office until a change, and a radi- cal one, is produced, as nothing but disgrace can come of it. Baitimoee, May lUh. — Embarked with Messrs. Williams & Bryan on board the " Viper" (for Galveston.) On- boaed the "Vipee," June 2Qth. — Found ourselves fifteen or twenty miles to the east of Galveston at daylight — beat up — took a pUot on board, and crossed the bar about 1 P. M. Galveston, June 1%th. — ^Dined with the citizens of Galves- ton. Houston, July Uh. — ^Declined a (public) dinner at Beau- champ's Springs. Beazoeia, July 2Qth. — Dined with the citizens of Brazoria county. [On my passage homeward an election had been held in this county for senator, and I was elected. My friends, in their zeal and devotion, had pledged me to serve if elected, and I was compelled to redeem their pledges, and to accept, con- trary to my wishes, and contrary to a previous fixed determina- 3 Digitized by Microsoft® 34 MEMORANDA. [1839. tion to retire from public life iintil better counsels should pre- vail in the country.] August lUh. — ^The folly of Lamar is in nothing more appar- ent than his threats of offensive war against Mexico — and whenever a campaign is set on foot it will be disastrous. \5th. — Texas is overwhelmed with army and navy ofScers — there are enough for Russia — and poor Texas is without the means to support them many weeks longer. \Qth. — Borrowing may serve to protract the crisis awhile, but come it must with a tremendous crash, ere long. 2Qth. — Gen. Lamar may mean well — I am not disposed to impugn his motives — he has fine belles-lettres talents, and is an elegant writer. But his mind is altogether of a dreamy, poetic order, a sort of poUtical Trou- badour and Crusader, and wholly unfit by habit or education for the active duties, and the every-day realities of his present station. Texas is too small for a man of such wild, visionary, " vaulting ambition." August IQth. — It strikes me very forcibly our Indian policy has of late been wrong. We should be at peace with them, for we can make nothing by war. The United States and the Seminoles is an evidence. Houston, Septetnber \Zth. — The administration is operating like certain fevers upon the constitution — bringing the patient to the extremest point of exhaustion possible, and then leaving him either to die, or recover, (as chance dictates ;) this is the only way Gen. Lamar can do with the country. The only chance for the promissory note system is for it to " go through its course," and exhaust itself (by a plentiful eruption.) All we can now hope for is to save the patient's fife. I5th. — It is an old saying, that " when things get at the worst they begin to mend : " this is likely to be the only chance for Texas ; but where can the men be found bold enough to undertake the herculean task of rais- ing the country from her depression. September lUh. — No policy could possibly have been more unwise than the removal of the seat of government to Austin, and corrupt means were used to place it there ; but now that so much money has been expended, I shall be for its remaining at that place, llth. — "Two removes are as bad as a fire," Digitized by Microsoft® 1889.] MEMORANDA. 35 says poor Richard, and so I say about the seat of government, for one has been about eqiial to a moderate conflagration. September 18th. — What will become of the gold button gen- try of the army and navy ? Poor fellows, you have a sad fate before you — for to go or stay is death, or at least starvation. October 3d. — Received a letter from Christopher Hughes, with a copy of one from Viscount Lord Palmerston. Austin, November \st. — ^At Austin, amid every discomfort and privation, no room or bed to be had for love or money. November 12 Digitized by Microsoft® 62 MEMORANDA. ' [1850. and iBdependent a position, that annexation might not be an imperious necessity to her. February 13th. — Excitement never was carried to so high a pitch in Texas as it was ia 1845, when it was found that the ponderous and hitherto hermetically sealed doors of the United States were, in reality, opened wide to the measure of annex- ation. The people had suffered so much and so long from Mex- ican and Indian disturbances and depredations, and from the misrule of former administrations, and were so anxious for rest and security and for an escape, with honor and advantage, from the long pressure of past adversity and war, that they ran per- fectly wUd and frantic when the hope of a so-long-desired con- summation was presented. Besides this feeling was another which politicians seized upon to further excite the public mind, and that was the one of direct interest, arising from the false as- surance that the lands held in immense quantities by citizens would immediately become valuable, and that every man would thereby be made suddenly affluent. Demagogues indeed used every art to further inflame and madden the popular excite- ment, which sound policy required should rather have been al- layed and quieted. The consequence was, that to their heated imaginations every act of mine appeared slow ; and the cry was raised that I was opposed to the measure, and using every means, in conjunction with England and France, to defeat the public will. I, of course, had a storm of the utmost fury and intensity to encounter, and such as no other chief magistrate of a nation ever experienced. The consequence was, that when the doors of the Union were opened by me, the rush of the people from the outside was so great and furious that I came very near being run over and trampled to death by the excited and impatient crowd, whom I had been the means of admitting. But I managed to escape from it with only severe bruises, and a few hearty maledictions from a part of those already inside, for having let in these " outsiders " upon them. In addition to the large party of landholders who contrib- uted so materially to increase public excitement, it was still fur- ther inflamed by another party who took advantage of my pe- culiar position towards the United States, France, England, and Mexico, (which prevented me from declaring a preference for Digitized by Microsoft® I860.] MEMORANDA. 63 one of the alternatives now pvosentod to the country, over the other,) to embarrass (with the hope of breaking down) my ad- ministration. This party was composed of my personal and political enemies. Another party united with these for a dif- ferent purpose. This was composed of demagogues, broken- down pohticians, mostly from other States, who had come in foi'midable numbers to Texas to get oflBce, and who saw the means of effecting their object in loud and violent huzzas and clamor for annexation, and of course mounted the hobby and rode it down. It was another man's horse, and they did not care if they kiUed it, so they could reach their destined point in due time, and cuiYy (not the beast, but) popular favor. Still another party existed who assisted the storm. This was com- posed of those who were interested in the public debt of Texas. They were incessant in clamor and abuse, and by their impru- dence and impatience did much more harm than good (in 1845) to the cause of annexation, and the ultimate welfare of the coun- try ; and came near even defeating the measure they were so anxious to see effected "instantly, on any terms," who "would embrace the offer of the United States, if one of the conditions accompanying it had been that every man, woman and child in the country should be stripped and receive thirty-nine lashes on their bare backs," as I heard repeatedly declared. I could have silenced all clamor, and defeated the hopes of demagogues, if I had consented to violate my faith towards France and England ; and, by leading in the excitement, have been the most popular man in Texas. But by so doing the measure might have been defeated. The faith and honor of the nation would certainly have been violated — the position of the country lowered to that of a suppliant — the recij)ient instead of the dispenser of a favor, and the promises of ultimate advan- tages to Texas by the United States would not have been ob- tained. I, however, did not take this course, and the storm of popular excitement having no other object to beat upon, spent all its fury and broke all its waves against me. * * * 'VVhen it is considered, however, how much I accomplished for Texas during my secretary of stateship, and my short term as presi- dent, taken in connection with the extreme paucity of the means and facilities at my disposal with which to operate, and Digitized by Microsoft® 64 MEMOEANDA. [1850. tlie ten thousand and one difficulties and disadvantages under which I necessarily had to labor, I think I cannot always suffer injustice from the country. Small as I esteem my powers and abilities, and as they really are, I would much rather have un- dertaken to govern the United States during four years of the most critical period of her existence as a nation, than to govern Texas during the four years I was connected with her executive government. In the former instance means and men were al- ways in abundance. In the latter there was, comparatively, a great want of both ; and it is a common but trite saying, that " it takes a good workman to work without tools." Indeed, the difficulties attending an administration of the government of the United States, now, are far less than attended that of Texas while I was connected with it. February \Mh. — ^I have placed upon record (v. Valedictory) my objections to the terms of annexation as proposed by the United States, and my wish that they " might have been more favorable " to Texas, and for the welfare and harmony of both parties " more definite," and consequently " less fraught with subjects of future dispute." StiU my individual oj)inion, as fre- quently expressed since, and to friends, in confidence at the time, was that, taking aU things Lato consideration, Texas would best subserve her permanent interests and those of the mother country, by accepting her offer and rejecting that of Mexico, at least that the argument in favor of that alternative was pre- dominant in my mind, and I thought it necessary (from expe- rience of some former administrations of the government and fear of like ones in future) to save Texas from herself and her demagogues. The immense and immediate benefits which were to accrue to the country on the consummation of annexation, as so fondly and wiUingly beUeved by thousands of our citizens, received no credence from me, and had consequently no influ- ence with me in forming my opinions of the measure. As I did not partake of the popular credulity on these points, when an- nexation was proposed, so I have not in any degree partaken of the popular disappointment since, when it was discovered that this Avhole matter of " sudden affluence " was a mistake. February 15«A.— There is one feature in annexation as finally Digitized by Microsoft® 1850.] MEMORANDA. g5 accomplished, which is not less remarkable and worthy of con- sideration than that the measure was accomplished at all, in face of the obstacles once interposed. This is the " attitude " in which Texas entered the Union. * * * Jq 1836-'3Y, Texas (through her Executive, Gen. Houston) was an humble suppliant to President Jackson, and was ruddy (as Mr. Whar- ton informed me) spurned by him. In 1837-'38, she was again (through the same Executive) a suppliant to Mr. Van Buren, and her request for admission was promptly and firmly rejected. Indignant at the position we occupied, and satisfied it was im- politic and unwise in every respect to occupy it longer, I offered resolutions in the House of Representatives of the Congress of Texas of ISSV-'SS, (Ap% 1838,) to instruct the Executive to withdraw the proposition from before the Government at Wash- ington, and carried the resolutions through the House. The Senate, however, fearing the popular sentiment, defeated them in their Chamber. I then urged Gen. Houston to withdraw the proposition, but he declined ; but finally, in the summer, when he requested me to take the ofiice of Minister to the United States, I made it one of the conditions of acceptance, that I should be permitted to withdraw the proposition, which was agreed upon ; and my first act, after presenting my letter of credence to the President of the United States, was to perform this duty. In 1844, Mr. Tyler invited Texas to occupy her old position of an applicant, and I refused, (v. p. 39.) He then proposed a treaty, to which I reluctantly consented, as I was satisfied it could not be carried through the Senate of the United States, as the result proved. But, ia a very few months, so powerful were the influences brought to bear upon public opinion and public men throughout the American Union, that ITS GOVBEioiENT was willing to occupy, and did occupy the position of a suitor to Texas, and a very earnest and importu- nate suitor, for an alliance between the two countries. England and France too, were suing to Texas for her favor and friend- ship. She therefore took her place among her sisters in 1846, as a proud equal, and not a humble inferior — as one conferring a favor rather than receiving one. And this was not demanding too much ; I only placed her in her just and true " attitude^'' and hope she will always maintain it. * * * 5 Digitized by Microsoft® 66 MEMOEiHrDA. [1850. February lUh. — ^In the maimer of placing before the people of Texas the alternatives of "Peace with the world and Inde- pendence, or annexation and its contingencies," (v. Proc. June 4th, 1845,) which embrace the offers of the United States, on the one hand, and of England and other powers, on the other; I acted as was my duty to do, with strict reference to preserv- ing my plighted faith towards all parties. I kaew well that England, France, Mexico, &c., were to be the losers in the race, and I did not think it any thing more than right to show then, at least, that it was not because I had faUed of doing them entire and perfect justice, so far as I was concerned. In stating the propositions to the people of Texas, as above, there was an inference drawn by them that I rather leaned to the al- ternative of " independence." This, however, was not the fact, the statement was perfectly fair, and already it has been dis- covered that annexation has its contingencies like every thing else, thought stoutly denied at the time. In this instance, as in every other where France and England were concerned, I did strict justice — fulfilled perfectly every promise to their Ministers — of which, happily, they are entirely satisfied ; while at the same time, I did not express a preference for one party or one alternative over the other — a thing which, situated as I was, I had no right to do. As judge and umpire between rival friends, it was my duty to act with entire disinterestedness and impartiality ; though I might sympathize with the loser a little, or seem to do so. The Ministers of France and England were deceived, it is true, but it was by their own over-sanguine hopes. They believed the people of Texas would prefer the alternative of independence, and, indeed, that it was their in- terest to maintain their separate existence. J always felt satis- fied the peoj)le of Texas would decide differently, and would prefer the alternative of annexation to any and every thing else, if a tolerable certainty of it was presented them. I, there- fore, felt at liberty to make the promise that I would not inter- fere in the matter, one way or the other ; that I would impar- tially present the different proposals in good faith, and let them decide, satisfied how that decision would be given. Had there been any doubt on the subject, I would not have given the pledge I did, not to interfere, but would have reserved the Digitized by Microsoft® 1850.] MEMORANDA. g7 right to urge upon the people the alternative I might prefer. The fact I have now stated, will truly and satisfactorily ac- count for the perfect neutrality observable in all my State papers during my Presidency ; and for my silence on the two modes of adjusting our difficulties, whenever silence was admissible ; while at the same time I was stimulating the rival parties, by every proper means, to hasten on their respective proposals. My object was, in the mean time, to maintain a perffectly erect and perpendicular attitude ; in doing which, I was accused of "being so straight that I leaned over backwards," and that towards England and France. But it was only in appear- ance so. February \%th. — In reference to the subject oi '■^ protection'''' (v. p. 53) to Texas by the United States, as against Mexico, I always believed the moral force of that Government sufficient ; and so I always told their Ministers, and particularly Major Donelson ; stOl in asking their protection I could not officially specify the kind, but left that to their intelligence. What I wanted was, in the event of an invasion of Texas by Mexico, brought on by our negotiations for annexation, that the United States should interpose with the necessary means, fair words at first, and blows, if blows were necessary, and could not be avoided. The protection, therefore, asked for was prospective, and contingent upon an aggressive movement by Mexico. Her threats and braggadocios I disregarded, knowing perfectly well that they meant nothing but to gratify the national vanity and pique. One word from the United States, at least, would have been always sufficient to prevent the execution of her gascon- ading and unmeaning threats. In 1845, when Major Donelson met Mr. E. Allen, the Secretary of State, at Galveston, and over- persuaded him to ask protection, Mexico had ceased even her threats. The Preliminary Treaty had been negotiated, and Mexico had thereby acknowledged the independence of Texas, though at the moment, the news had not reached me. It was known to all the world, however, on the Ath of June, and before any for- ward movement had been made by Gen. Z. Taylor. After this the protection which the United States were so anxious to give, and subsequently did give, was aggressive as towards Mexico, and given with the predetermined view of bringing on a col- Digitized by Microsoft® 68 MEMORANDA. [1850. lision with that country, as, in the mean time, I had refused the solicitations of Mr. Polk and his cabinet, through Mr. Wick- liffe and Com. Stockton, to " manufacture a war," (v. p. 48 to 53.) * * * V. Donelson's letters to me of May. 2d, and June 1st, E. Allen's to me of May 3d, and Mr. Buchanan's despatch of May 25th. The excuse that Mexico renewed her threats after our ac- ceptance of the proposition for annexation, and rejection of the Preliminary Treaty, thereby making it necessary to move an army into Texas, was only a, pretext, and as idle as it was false. Five or six companies of Texas Rangers, provisioned and paid by the United States, would have been aU-sufficient for the protection of our frontiers from Indians as well as Mexicans — and would have obviated this cause of war. [On the 23d August, 1845, 1 wrote Gen. Z. Taylor, iu reply to a letter from him of a date shortly previous, (which letter had, for its real object, the design to throw upon me the responsibility of recommending a movement of United States troops to the Rio Grande,) des- ignating certain points then occupied by our own Rangers, as suitable ones for him to station troops at for the defence of the country ; I designated no point beyond Corpus Christi, and but one company there, it being the same force I had previ ously maintained there. Failing in his object with me, Gen. Taylor took the responsibility on himself of a forward move- ment, and so produced the Mexican War.] V. p. 47. February 19th. — It is now upwards of two years since my letters in reply to Mr. Tyler were written and published ; and from a careful review of them I find nothing therein contamed but what is strictly iu accordance with facts, or that I would wish to change. I believe the archives of this and other gov- ernments to which they relate will substantiate, materially, aU that is therein said. That some of the agents of these foreign governments here, or some of those sent abroad by Texas, may have occasionally misunderstood my views in relation to the two alternatives of independence and annexation, or my course in connection with those alternatives, and, consequently, in some instances, created wrong impressions concerning those views and that course, may indeed be true ; but the cause of this will be found in the prudence and secrecy which, imder the peculiar Digitized by Microsoft® 1850.] MEMORANDA. 69 circnmstauces in wliich I was placed, it was necessary I should observe. * * [Pago omitted.] * * The war with the United States and Mexico was inevitable, only because the United States had predetermined it should be so ; and solely for that reason. Fehruary IQth, {Fourth Anniversary of the birth of the " State of Tea;«s.")— From 1835 to 1846 I had considerable agency in the most important public afiairs of the country ; and from 1841 to the spring of 1846, an almost exclusive control and direct management in all of general and permanent im- portance belonging to the Executive department of the Govern- ment. I am, and have been willing for posterity to decide upon all my acts during this period of nearly eleven years, my toils, my labors, and their results. I have had no "pruriency of fame." * * * During parts of this period I have been asso- ciated with Gen. Samuel Houston, whose first and greatest object has been office and political distinction. In fact, he has lived and acted for these alone. He possessed in perfection the art of appropriating all the merit of the good deeds of his asso- ciates, and of shifting on to them the odium of his own bad ones. He has made this art the study of his whole life, know- ing it would oblige him. I have been vsdlling he should take to himself, for the moment, the credit, if any, I may have deserved for my achievements in behalf of the country, though I was always careful to place myself in a position not to allow him to make me a " scapegoat " to bear any of his poUtical sins. Had he not proved faithless to Texas, as I conceived he did in 1848 in his coalition with Freesoilism, he might still have pos- sessed what he coveted. * * (But truth and justice require I should now place our several acts for these eleven years in a proper light.) * * Hence I have been compelled to say that annexation was consummated "in direct opposition to his policy," that he had " no agency in my administration," and that " I saved his second administration from most of the errors and follies, and from all the wide-spread ruin of the first." Thew archives of the country, when carefully examined, will to some extent show this to have been the case. What these lack will, I trust, be supplied by the testimony of our cotemporaries, (and Digitized by Microsoft® 70 MEMOKANDA. [1850. by the previous and following statement of facts, wMoh have come under my own observation.) [They are part of the history of the country, and it is proper I should record them for such use as may hereafter be judged expedient. I have not, nor shall I, " aught extenuate, or set down aught in malice."] General Houston came to the country about the same time I did, and at once sought and obtained office, which was his object in coming. I neither sought nor held office until circumstances compelled me to, nor had I the least view of such a thing in coming to Texas, (v. p. 14.) Up to the battle of San Jacinto he had produced nothing but discord and disaster. That battle was an achievement for which the world (right or wrong) wUl always give him credit, though, in my opinion, he is only en titled to the '183d. part of what he has received. It was a rout and a slaughter ; and with or without a leader we should have defeated the Mexicans as we did in that battle, if, indeed, ten minutes' conflict can be called a battle, and but for him pressed on, captured Felisola and the whole Mexican army, and proba- bly ended the war. He omitted more than he achieved (v. p. 93 '\ * * * * * * * From this time until his first administration commenced he continued to inflame and distract the pubhc mind by his in- trigues.* He had been in office but a short time untU measures of the most disastrous character to the interests of the country were adopted by Congress, and received his official sanction. * * * * The resources of the country were squandered * There were intrinsic difficulties enough in the administration of the government of Texas, after 1841 and up to the period of annexation, with which I had to contend ; but beside these, I had to wrestle with Gen. Hous- ton's obliquities for three years, and with the consequences of them during the balance of the above period. My own course, whatever else may be said of it, was always straightforward, open, honest, and true,— his, unfortunately was neither, which frequently placed me in embarrassing dilemmas that more than ^oubled the difficulties with which I had to contend in administering the gov- ernment, so as to preserve its faith and honor. Gen. Houston, however in public speeches in Texas and elsewhere, has boasted of his "successful trick- ery ; " but the boast is a vain one, for in this case " Corruption won not more than Aones^j;,"— indeed, it won nothing for the country, however he may have profited by it individually. Digitized by Microsoft® I860.] MEMORANDA. 71 upon a host of useless army and navy officers, and others whose chief merit in his eyes consisted in subserviency to him, or in quarrels with others who would not yield to his dictation, while the country was bleeding at every pore. The East was excited against the West, and the "West against the East, which contuiued as long as he had any influence or control in the government, and finally constituted one of the many difficulties, the settle- ment of which he left as a legacy to my administration in 1 844. * * * * A disgraceful recklessness obtained in the whole administration of the government during his first term. The country was paralyzed and weakened, Mexico encouraged, the public faith and credit impaired, and the character of Texas ter- ribly lowered, * * * its friends everywhere discouraged and disheartened. The foundation was laid for all those disas- ters which the country suffered under the three years' adminis- tration of Gen. Lamar, who had not the ability to right the ship and get her back upon the true course. This departure from the line of a proper policy, however, was not apparent to the people, or fully realized until after Gen. Houston left office. The vessel was scuttled by him ; the leaks were all sprung, which caused her to come near sinking in the unwise hands of his successor. When the vessel of state, in consequence of the wrong course steered, and first by Gen. Houston, got among the rocks — or when the leaks were about sinking her, then aU could see the evU, though but very few to this day know that it was owing as much to one as the other of these parties ; but as the catastrophe of ruin occurred in the administration of Gen. Lamar, he has generally been blamed for it. The policy, however, and the consequence of it, which I have figuratively alluded to above, and which, pursued two years by Gen. Hous- ton, and three more by Gen. Lamar, and finally produced such wide-spread ruin, was originated by the former. * * * That Gen. Houston used his influence to increase the storm during Gen. Lamar's administration, I have abundant reason to believe ; and he was also incessant in his endeavors to create the impression on the public mind that all the evUs, manifold as they were, which the country suffered, were produced by the administration of Gen. Lamar ; and in this he was tolerably suc- cessful, though history wUl tell with her iron pen that this was Digitized by Microsoft® 72 MEMTORANDA. [1850. not so. When the passions and prejudices of the hour shall have subsided, men will be able to see "not as through a glass darkly," but in the clear, calm sunshine of truth that it was not so. Both committed errors— Houston through recklessness, Lamar through weakness. The former planted the seed, the fruit matured under the latter. During Gen. Houston's whole course, early and late, sec- tional, party, and personal strifes were kept at the very highest pitch to which he could raise them. His quarrels with Congress and individuals appeared to be his meat and his drink, because he possessed the imfortunate cunning always to make capital for himself out of these difficulties. The cotintry, however, always was to the same extent the loser. Sitiiated as we were, we needed union and harmony among all, not strifes and di- visions. ******* From this brief review of the course of Gen. Houston, and this estimate of his character as a statesman, the reluctance with which I undertook a prominent part in his second administra- tion may be readily appreciated. Appalling and repugnant as was the task to my feelings, I undertook it in order to save the country from utter ruin and annihilation. The results are known, I will not dwell upon them ; the task properly belongs to other hands than mine, and to other hands I am willing to leave it, satisfied that truth wiU finally prevail over error. * * February \%th. — In the severe struggles of the past I have been often forced to act, not as I would wish in all instances, but as compelled to do by the circumstances with which I was surrounded. In 183'7-'38 I breasted, as best I might, the un- toward progress of events which I foresaw was leading the country to ruin, I trust to some purpose. But I stood alone. I soon found I was only " saving at the spigot," while others • whose higher position and longer acquaintance with public affairs gave them greater power, " were wasting at the bung- hole." AU this time, however, I did all I could ; I uniformly resisted the issue of paper money beyond what had. been au- thorized before I took my seat in Congress. But I was swept away on the tide of self-interested opposition. * * * jjj 1839-'40 and '41, the "crevasse" was too great to be stopped, and the Mississippi of ruin had to exhaust its tide. When in Digitized by Microsoft® 1850.] MEMORANDA. 73 the latter part of 18-11 I undertook a paramount managemont :uul control of the administration, the evU was upon us, with all its disastrous consequences. In order to effect my object of saving the country from utter ruin and annihilation, on the very brink of which she was tottering, I had to secure and maintain a predominant influence with the President, without which I could not hope to succeed ; for, however powerless he alone might be to do good, he was potent for mischief, as my former experience and the events of his first administration showed. To secure and maintain this influence unimpaired, and make it efficacious, I had to give, or appear to the world to give, a cor- dial support to all his acts. There were many of these I could have wished him to have changed, and often, very often told him so ; but there was necessity for a thorough and cordial union and harmony between us, or nothing great or useftil for the country could be accomplished. Sence^ as I have said above, I was some time compelled to act in minor matters, not as I could have wished, but as policy required in the circumstances by which I was surrounded. And this is the true and only secret of the devotion with which I sustained his second administration, and the man himself. ****** [Note omitted.] February \Wh. — ^During our struggles for a settlement of our national difficulties, I have from time to time expressed myself as in favor of annexation or independence, as the hopes and the prospects of one or the other of these alternatives predominated. In my own career as Secretary of State and President I sought ioth at the same time, and made each subservient to the acqui- sitio» of the other, by which means both were finally presented to the choice of the country. In my intercourse with parties -interested exclusively in one or the other of these modes of adjustment, I have said all the good I could, so far as truth and justice would permit, of their favorite mode, and stimulated them by turns to its accomplishment. Either would have been of the highest service to Texas, and I was always willing to take the one if the other could not be obtained. But I never expressed to any one, either verbally or in writing, a preference of one over the other if both could, be obtained, until after both were obtained, and I had derived all the advantages I could for Digitized by Microsoft® 74 MEMOKANDA. [1850. the country by the position of neutrahty which the highest considerations of public policy required me to assume and main- tain. I therefore never had occasiori, any more than inclination, to deceive any one, and left myself free, at all times, to carry into effect the public will, and if the choice of alternatives should be presented, to vote for the mode I might ultimately prefer. A party in the country have accused me of being opposed to annexation, basing the charge upon the assumed fact that the members of my Cabinet and the other officers of the Govern- ment were opposed to it, and reflected my sentiments. As for the members of my Cabinet and the ministers sent abroad, there may have been some diversity of sentiment, iadividually, as was natural ; and so far as the last class were concerned, I did not think it good policy to send a violent friend of annex- ation to Europe, any more than a violent friend of separate in- dependence to the United States. When my Cabinet was first made up, the alternatives were not yet presented to the coun- try ; and I did not ask or know what their opinions would be upon an uncertain and unknown future event, any more than they themselves did, or that I knew what my own would be. The terms upon which annexation and independence would, severally, be oflfered, if offered at all, were unknown, and conse- quently no one could tell what opinion he would have upon a matter he knew nothing about. But after the offers were made, Mr. AUen, I believe, was the only member of my Cabinet who preferred independence over annexation ; and when I called him to that station I was almost a stranger to him personally, having never seen him but once or twice, and knew nothiftg of his opinions on this or scarcely any other subject. I approved hftn because he had the character of possessing great ability and honesty. * * * Qq\^ William G. Cooke I understood as having no very decided opinion either way * * * though both he and Mr. AUen were perfectly ready and willing to do all ill their power in carrying out the will of the people. * * Judge Ochiltree, Dr. Ashbel Smith, and Col. Green were avowed friends of annexation as proposed by the United States. The subordinate officers of the Government, as Avas natural enough, were generally in favor of independence. But I did not think Digitized by Microsoft® I860.] MEMORANDA. ^5 it necessary to remove any of them, for annexation was too strong in Texas to fear any thing from their influence^ — besides, as citizens of the country they had a perfect right, like all others, to the exercise of a choice. It was my understanding with them all that the wUI of the people, when expressed, should be promptly and faithfully executed, and to this there was unanimous willingness evinced on their part. I did not wish or seek to influence or change the individual opinions of any officer of the Government, so long as this understanding was faithfully adhered to, which happily was always the case to the last hour. Besides, I wished to occupy, and did assume and maintain a po- sition of perfect neutrality as between the rival powers who were suing to Texas ; and had I proscribed any man for his opinions, it would have been a premature disclosure of my own ; or, had there been by any process an entire tmanimity made to prevail among these officers, either in favor of independence or annexation, this would have amounted to nearly the same thing. It was therefore in accordance with good policy, no less than the requirements of justice, that I left every one at perfect liberty to indulge and express his individual sentiments. More than all this, I wanted officers around me who, as occasion re- quired, could enter fully into the views of the different govern- ments and different interests, and my Cabinet was so constituted that, as it were, I could talk to each in his own language. None of all these officers of the Government reflected my sen- timents particularly ; first, because they were not asked or ex- pected to do so ; and secondly, because they did not know what my sentiments were until the time came for me to avow them to the world. The charge of my opposition to annexation has also been based upon the tone of the only newspaper published at the seat of Government, which was therefore styled my official organ, and which at first opposed the measure. This is all a mistake. The papej-, if an organ at all, was the organ of Gen. Houston : it was neither established nor continued under my auspices, though, of necessity, official papers from the different departments were pubHshed in it. The editor and proprietor of it was long before and since the private secretary of Gen. Houston, in and out of office, and his confidential friend and Digitized by Microsoft® 76 MEMORANDA. [1850. amanuensis. I frequently requested Mm to refrain from his op- position, asihe was increasing the public excitement against me. * * * After he left I procured a friend of mine and of annex- ation to take charge of the editorial department of the paper. I used my influence also, as far as I prudently could, with the editors. of three other papers in Texas shortly before this time, to get them to cease aU opposition to annexation. In two in- stances I succeeded fuUy, and in the other to a very consider- able extent. But these are wholly unimportant matters, and long since passed and probably forgotten by everybody but myself, and only interesting at all as indications of the morbid state of the public mind at that eventful period, when the smallest trifle sufficed to increase and further inflame the general excitement, and as specimens of the kind of food demagoguism fed upon. February ilst. — In the American Minister's letters to the Secretary of State of the United States, there is one fact dis- closed, which, while it reflects unfavorably upon the fair fame of the whole country, must ever remain a source of mortification to Texas in particular. This is that he, and the emissaries of Mr. Polk sent to act with him, had so far succeeded with the Congress of Texas and the Convention, that both those bodies were believed to be perfectly subservient to him, and that they would do his bidding in every thing. The secret of this belief in. his influence was the lavish promise of office to members. I have been told by very reliable authority that there was not a single member who was not thus assailed. In his letter to Mr. Buchanan of 2d July, 1845, he speaks of the passage of a law over the veto of the President, placing the militia under the command of Gen. Sherman, as a thing which would have been done if he had insisted on it, at least such is the plain inference. This letter also discloses the fact of his whole knowledge of Com. Stockton and Gen. Sherman's scheme. Other letters writ- ten about the same time fully corroborate this fact,, (v. letter of June 11th, 1845.) Feh-uary 22(?. — "The proclamation of a truce between the two nations founded on propositions mutually acceptable to them, leaving the question of boundary not only an open one, but Mexico in possession of the east bank of the Rio Grande, Digitized by Microsoft® 1850.] MEMORANDA. Y7 seemed to me inconsistent with the expectation that, in the de- fence of the claim of Texas, our troops should march immedi- ately to that river. What the Executive of Texas had deter- mined not to fight foi", but to settle by negotiation, to say the least of it, could as well be left by the United States in the same condition." Extract from A. J. Donelson's letter to Mr. Buchanan of July l\th, 194:5. * * This letter was like the gjui of Hudibras, which, " well aimed at duck or plover, bore wide and kicked the holder over." It is a labored apology for not forcing on the scheme of the United States Government through Stockton, by procuring action on the subject by Congress or the Convention, and thus " manufacturing a war " against the consent of the Executive of Texas, (and over his veto, v. p. '76.) In his efibrt to throw blame upon me in opposing this scheme so anxiously prosecuted by Mr. Polk through his agents here. Major Donelson unwittingly has shown that the whole blame of the war with Mexico, rests with the Government of the United States. This fact was seized upon by the whig party, and contributed to the overthrow of the democratic party in 1848. * * * But how deep would have been the indignation felt by aU right-minded persons, if the true character and object of that letter were known. My opinion is that Maj. Donelson was originally in favor of Mr. Polk's scheme of " manufacturing a war " by the instrumentaUty of Texas ; but, alarmed at my opposition and the bold infamy of the plan, gave it up as impracticable, after the issuance of my proclamation, and has had the precaution to seem to discountenance it from the beginning. I stated, on many occasions, to him my objections to the whole scheme attempted through Com. Stockton, not only of its impropriety, but its im- policy so far as Texas was concerned ; and to get tip a quarrel about a disputed territory and take forcible possession of Matar moras, under pretext of asserting our claim to the Rio Grande, by the " aid and comfort of the United States," just as we were on the eve of merging our separate nationality in theirs, could not, in the least, affect the justice of our claim, (favorably,) or aid in its ultimate adjustment in our favor between the Govern- ments of the United States and Mexico, but would rather have an opposite tendency. His assertion (in another place) that my "proclamation of a truce without stipulating that Mexico should Digitized by Microsoft® 78 MEMOKANDA. [1850. ■withdraw lier troops from Texas, -was a virtual relinquishment of the claim of Texas to the boundary of the Rio Grande," is a very idle one, and savors more of spleen than knowledge of international law. In the first place, Mexico had no troops on this side of the Rio Grande below El Paso, and in the second place, the " statu quo " was not affected by the proclamation at aU. The " boundary and other questions were to be settled by negotiation," and not by occupation; and this was a point sought for by a ten years' war, and finally wrought out. ' To have renewed the war after our " independence was acknowl- edged " by Mexico, and she had agreed to negotiate definitely aU subjects in dispute, would have been to throw away the fruits of a ten years' struggle ; or else to have said (virtually) that we reUed upon the United States to fight the battles in this newly provoked war, and that our object by it was, to grab all the territory we could, as we were very doubtful about the validity of our title except under the law of this kind of game. * By the first article, Preliminary Treaty, (or Cuevas Treaty,) " Mexico recognizes the independence of Texas," in these words. This was done in view of \hefact, that we had always claimed the Rio Grande as a boundary, and that this claim had been re- corded everywhere on our statute books, (and that " Texas " was defined by this boundary.) The great question, therefore, in dispute for ten years, must be considered and taken as hav- ing been yielded up by Mexico by the express terms of that treaty; for if she had been disposed to cavil afterwards, she might as well have cavilled for the Sabine as the ISTueces, or for any other stream. But there was no room for cavilling left so far as a river was concerned. The Rio Grande was fixed upon, and understood as the one. June 3d— On page 45 I have alluded to Gen. Jackson, and his influence having, through my instrumentality, been brought to bear in 1844-'45, upon the matter of annexation. This influ- ence was so great in operating upon pubhc opinion ia the United States, that it deserves a more extended notice, though he was a follower, strictly speaking, and not a prime mover in the ac- compHshment of this measure. In ISSV he was President of the United States, and all the reasons which he afterwards, in Digitized by Microsoft® I860.] MEMORANDA. 79 1845, assigned why it was necessary to the safety and welfare of the United States that Texas should be annexed, existed (though many things were not so fuUy developed) as fully while he was in power, as they did seven or eight years afterwards. He should have known tliis — but he did not ; he attached no importanco to the subject further than he would have been willing to pay Mexico a small sum for Texas and California, and settle old scores. He was very reluctant even to acknowl- edge our independence in 1837, nearly a year after we were independent de facto, and it was only at the very last day and hour of his administration that he reluctantly signed a bill making an appropriation for a Charg6 to this country. And his successor, Mr. Van Buren, who it was understood coincided with Gen. Jackson in all important matters^ and was pledged to walk in his footsteps, most peremptorily rejected the appli- cation for annexation in 1838, and would never hear the subject mentioned afterwards with the least favor. It is true, both Gen. Jackson and Mr. Van Buren assigned as a reason for not annexing Texas, appearances and the existence of a war between Texas and Mexico, but the former of these had very Uttle force, and if there was any in the latter, it had lost very Httle of its weight when Gen. Jackson took grounds in favor of the measure — ^for Mexico was then marshalling an army west of the Rio Grande with the avowed purpose of re-subjugating us. What, then, produced the immense change in Gen. Jackson's views of the importance of this great measure during the last few months of his existence ? The answer is plain. It was his morbid jealousy of England, and fear of her "grasping policy." This jealousy and this fear had through his active life been a ruling passion with him, and was " strong in death." He had characterized that nation as the " Highway Robber of the World," and ia the latter days and evening of his life, as he receded from the objects upon which his vision had dwelt intensely for so many years, there was a " looming " in the distance which made them appear much larger than they were. In 1841 Mr. Van Buren went out of oflBce, and up to that time not a word had been said by Gen. Jackson about the "necessity of annexation to the safety of the United States." But, in 1843, England had realized the vast importance of Texas to her manufacturing and other Digitized by Microsoft® 80 MEMORANDA. [1850. interests. She was made to see that we had cotton lands enough to i-aise sufficient of this great staple for the supply of the world. Texas was then a rich j ewel lying derelict by the way. She was without a friend who thought her of sufficient conse- quence to take her by the hand and assist her in her accumu- lated misfortunes. Guided by her interests and by a far-reach- ing policy, England had resolved to become such a friend. During two years she conferred important benefits upon the country, and in 1845, in conjunction with France, procured an unconditional acknowledgment of our independence from Mexico. This was the secret of the immense change which so suddenly took, place throughout the United States on the sub- ject of annexation. What a short time before was either " in- admissible, impolitic, or of no consequence," all at once became " necessary, imperatively necessary to the prosperity, safety, and to the very existence of the, great American Union.'' Appear- ances were no longer, thought of, and the existence of a " war between Texas and Mexico " was not of the least consequence in the estimation of her statesmen and rulers. (It was rather a recommendation of the measure to the administration.) It had always been my prime object, in procuring the inter- ference of these European powers, to arouse the slumbering jealousies of the people of the United States. In this I suc- ceeded even to my utmost wish. AU the sensibilities and sus- ceptibilities of Gen. Jackson were aroused, and the influence which he exerted upon his fellow-citizens was immense, as I well knew it would be. This truly great man believed, doubtless, as his friends have claimed for him, that he acted a prime part in the drama of annexation. This, however, is a mistake ; the prime part was played by Texas herself. It was doubtless important to the United States that Texas should be annexed. This, however, they ought to have seen and known as well in 1838 as in 1845, for Texas was in reality as valuable at the former as at the latter period. The attitude which foreign powers might assume towards her, was a contin- gency which should have been foreseen. The United States should not have been frightened into the measure, but led to it at the propitious moment, by a sober conviction of its value and by sound sense and reason. As it was finally accomplished it Digitized by Microsoft® 1850.] MEMORANDA. gl was in .1 wliiiiwind of aroused foars and jealousies which for the moment swept away all calm reflection. In ISSY-'SS to 1842-'43, Gen. Jackson, and the statesmen generally of the United States, were very much "behind the music." In 1845, he and they got just about as much ahead of it, for there was then^ in reality, no danger to be apprehended either from the English lion or the Gallic cock, for the whole matter was in the hands of the Texan Government, and of people who were well known to be firmly attached to the land of their birth, and who always pre- ferred annexation to any thing else. It has been charged upon me (v. Houston Tel.) ".that I fooled the United States, and the whole world " in this matter. If fooled at all they fooled them- selves and others, as people are apt to do when they are " at random drove, their helm of reason lost." In the commencement of 1842, Mr. Tyler being President of the United States, the subject of the annexation of Texas was brought to his attention by Col. ReUly, acting under in- structions from me as Secretary of State. Mr. Reilly was in possession of the views of the Government, and verbally author- ized to announce to Mr. Tyler that the then newly elected President was in favor of the measure if it could be brought about ; and also that he would have been instructed to renew the proposition which had been withdrawn in 1838, if a reason- able prospect of success had been presented. But Mr. Tyler repulsed our advances with the same coldness and apathy which Gen. Jackson and Mr. Van Buren had evinced to the measure, and continued to maintain this attitude of indifference or hos- tility to it, until near the close of 1843 ; and would not have woke up to a different appreciation of the matter doubtless, until he went out of office in 1845, if I had not made a lever of England and a fulcrum of France, and " prized " open his eyelids. This, however, succeeded ; Mr. Tyler was the first to become frightened, and sounded an alarm the chorus of which was taken up by Gen. Jackson and others, and like the music of Tarn O'Shanter, it grew constantly, from hour to hour, "more fast and furious," until the spell was only dissolved by the con- summation of the measure in 1846. Seriously, the attitude of the United States Govermnent towards the Texas question, fi:om 1836 to 1843 inclusive, (seven years,) was one of weak and 6 Digitized by Microsoft® 82 MEMORANDA. [1850. blind indiiference to an important matter; and from 1844 to 1846, (two years,) one of ludicrous alarm and haste, about the same. It would have been more wise and dignified if they had adopted the maxim of Horace in regard to it. " Nee tardum opperior, neo prcBcedentibus insto." The people of Texas, too, caught the infection of haste, and run a little wild about their favorite measure. [Note on p. 115 of original memoranda.] The subject of domestic slavery, about which so much alarm existed in 1844-'45, was never once so much as mentioned or alluded to by the British Minister to the Government of Texas, except to disclaim in most emphatic terms any intention on the part of England ever to interfere with it here. Indeed, that constituted no part of the policy of that far-reaching nation. She might be willing to tickle her abolitionists, (a somewhat numerous, but not very respectable or influential class of her citizens,) but had no idea of going on a crusade with them to abolish slavery in Texas or anywhere else. Her Texas policy was, to build up a power independent of the United States, who could raise cotton enough to supply the world ; of which power slavery would be a necessary element, and this not primarily/ to injure the United States, but to benefit herself, not from en- mity to brother Jonathan, but love to John Bull ; and so with France. * * * * * * June 3d. — ^In my memoranda for 1839, of April 2d, (p. 32,) is a note of a conversation with Mr. J. W. Houston of Wash- ington, D. C, an intimate and confidential friend of Gens. Jack- son and Houston, in which he informed me that Gen. Jackson agreed to claim the Neches as the true Sabine and as the boun- dary between the United States and Mexico under the treaty of 1819, with Spam, and that he would defend and fight for that line. * * * The retreat of General Houston in 1836, was, therefore, doubtless with a view to that understanding, and to place his army behind that line. It was anticipated that Santa Anna would not regard this ^sewc^o claim, and would in pursuit of the Texans, if the retreating policy were long enough continued, cross the ISTeches, which would have afibrded the Government of the United States a pretext for making com- mon cause with Texas, and produced the same state of things Digitized by Microsoft® I860.] MEMORANDA. 33 which Avas brought ahoiit ten years later by Gen. Taylor's ad- vance to the Rio Grande, that is, " war by the act of Mexico," and with precisely the same want of truth. This plan was de- feated by the determination of the Texan troops, by which Gen. Houston was forced on the 15th April, 1836, to deflect from the road to Nacogdoches, Gaines' Ferry, and Fort Jessup, and to take the. one which led to San Jacinto. The affair at this place was one of those singularly fortuitous and accidental circumstances, by which " the best laid schemes of mice or men " are some- times frustrated. The Texan people have great reason to be thankful to a kind Providence for that event, but the schemes of Generals Santa Anna, Jackson, Houston, and Gaines, were all, in different ways, more or less disappointed by it. * * * [Note omitted, v. p. 85.] Jiine Zd. — I would not be understood as saying that Gen. Jackson attached no importance to the annexation of Texas previous to 1844-'45 ; but he had come to think that the set- ■ tlement and occupation of this country, almost exclusively by Americans, made its ultimate reversion sure, or in the language of Col. Benton in 1844, that " any time in twenty years would be soon enough," for in that time Texas would be so worn down by her difficulties and dissensions, which last Gen. Houston was so happy in producing and continuing, that she would be glad enough in the course of that time to seek security and repose by falling into the arms of the United States upon their own terms. But California was not so situated, and for a foothold there Gen. Jackson would have paid liberally, Texas being considered as a contingent remainder-, or he would have engaged in a war with Mexico for the same purpose, and to settle old scores and collect an old debt, if the pretext could have been found for commencing it. The retreat of Gen. Houston to the country between the Sabine and the Neches, the pursuit of Santa Anna and his crossing the latter stream, would have been considered an invasion of the territory of the United States, by their Presi- dent, and by the Taylor of that day. Gen. E. P. Gaines — a con- flict would have ensued between some of his troops and some of those of Santa Anna — blood would have been spilled upon (disputed) American ground — and " war commenced by the act of Mexico ! " Then Gen. Jackson would have accomplished Digitized by Microsoft® >54 MEMORANDA. [1850. what Mr. Polk subsequently did ; Gen.' Gaines would have been the " second Cortez " instead of Gen. Scott, and the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo would have been signed in 1838, instead of 1848. * * * (V. p. 85.) I have frequently thought the recklessness of Gen. Houston and his disregard for the true interests of Texas, in 1836, '37, and '38, was in consequence of his coinciding with Gen Jackson and Col. Benton, in their views of the ultimate destiny of Texas, and that he treated her as some people do their riding horse, hobbled her to keep her from leaving home. June Zd. — Gen. Jackson was, doubtless, the architect of the scheme for acquiring California, &c. Disappointed, however, in effecting his object, and in a pretext for a war with Mexico, he thought little of Texas, and cared nothing for her until she had got her hobbles off. Then when he saw her situation and her power — saw that she had become an object of lively interest to European Governments — saw that, so far from struggling for existence in the wild torrent of war and revolution, she had, by their kindness, found a plank to support her, and that she could land in safety on ■ either bank of the stream, and might land on the wrong one, then, when she no longer needed his assistance, he, like Lord Chesterfield with Dr. Johnson, "encum- bered her with help ; " beiog scared well-nigh to death, not lest she might get drowned, (for like Paddy by hanging, she had got used to that,) but lest she should be incontinently swallowed by that insatiate monster, the " British lion," or have her en- trails devoured by that promethean vulture, the "cock of France." Inde hoec lachrymcB. Really, ' the position of this great friend of "immediate annexation" in 1845, annexation which was so " absolutely and imperatively necessary to the prosperity, harmony, and even the very existence of the Ameri- can Union," cannot but be regarded as a little ludicrous, especi- ally if viewed in contrast with his well-known sentiments on the subject previous to that period. The same may be said of very many others. The acquisition of the ports and harbors of San Francisco, was a great and important object to the United States, and Gen. Jackson was wise in wishing to effect it. * * * It would have resulted in the further acquisition by the United Digitized by Microsoft® 1850.] MEMORANDA. 85 States, of California and Now Mexico. But the object has been accomplished by other hands than his, as it was sure to be in good time. The only regret I feel is, that the means and the man- ner of its accomplishment were not different from what they are. Jime 3d. — I have said Gen. Houston's policy was to retreat beyond the Xeches and beyond the line which Gen. Gaines, of the United States Army, would have defended ; but that he was forced by the men of his army to depart from this policy, and to go to Lynchburg, from which resulted the battle of San Jaeinto. (V. p. 83.) Among many reasons of a positive and conclusive character, which I have for this fact, are others of a circumstantial kind, among which I mention one. On the morning he retreated from the Colorado, he had, by the official report of the day, over 1,500 effective men. It was well known that many more were on their way to join him, and that in ten days his force would certainly amount to 2,000, or perhaps more. He was only opposed by a small detachment on the right or west bank of the Colorado, and the other detachments of the Mexican Army were scattered from Goliad to San Antonio, and could not have been concentrated under two weeks, and when concentrated, would not have amounted to more than 4,500 effective men. Supposing that Gen. Santa Anna could have crossed the Colorado without loss, which would not have been an easy matter, Gen. Houston could then have opposed a greater proportionate force to him than he afterwards had at San Jacin- to, and with more than equal prospect of success. The excuse he has given the country about cannon is idle, for Texans never yet killed anybody in the open prairie with cannon, nor were they necessary either to frighten the enemy, or keep up the courage of our own men, for we relied upon the rifle, pistol, and bowie-knife. And if cannon had been so really necessary, we could have taken them from Sesma very easily any hour at Beason's, on the Colorado. We had 1,500 effective men there — Sesma not more than five or six hundred. He had several pieces of cannon which we could have taken any day for a week, in five minutes. Of ammunition we had no lack, nor of provisions. There was, therefore, nothing gained by the retreat ; but a universal panic and the celebrated " runaway scrape " were caused by it. Had it Digitized by Microsoft® 86 MEMORANBA. [1850. not have been that the retreat beyond the Neches was " fore- ordained," there was no reason for not fighting on the Colorado, which did not obtain with equal force for not fighting at Lynch- burg ; (San Jacinto ;) for, if wrong to risk a decisive battle in the former, it was equally so in the latter instance. But on the contrary, the balance of argument must be considered as largely in favor of the Colorado. A stand here would have saved the country from the wide- spread and universal desolation and suffering which the retreat occasioned east of this river ; and this was a consideration which, other things being equal, no military man could have disregarded without censure, as it could very easUy have been foreseen. And viewing the matter in the hght of subsequent experience in Mexican warfare, the bat- tle of Buena Vista, for instance, if it was proper for Gen. Taylor on that occasion with 4,000 men of mixed and heterogeneous char- acter, to encounter Santa Anna in his own mountain fastnesses at the head of 20,000 troops, equal on an average in quality to those he brought with him to Texas in 1836 ; then certainly it was prop- er for Gen. Houston, in the heart of Texas, to have encountered him when the disparity of their respective forces was so much less. In the one instance, it was one to five, in the other, as three to five. ISTo one who understands the character and com- position of our troops on the Colorado, and those on their way to join them, on the one hand, and of those under Gen. Taylor at Buena Vista, on the other, will hesitate for a moment in giving the preference in efficiency to the former. They were nearly all frontier men, all brave men, energetic men, most of them Indian fighters, keen marksmen, thoroughly acquainted with the use of firearms and the bowie-knife, and accustomed to every kind of fatigue and privation, and thus enabled to endure them. These qualities, their love of country, and high burning individual sense of her wrongs and zeal in her defence, more than compensated for any superior discipline or appointment which Gen. Taylor's army might boast. It is true, we had not the means to prose- cute an aggressive war, but we had every thing necessary for a defensive one ; and I cannot doubt but that if Gen. Taylor had been opposed to us, as an invader of our soil, on the Colorado, with the same identical force he had at Buena Vista, we should have been a full match for him, at least if we had had a leader Digitized by Microsoft® 1850.] MEMORANDA. 87 equal to him. * * * But as regards the relative superiority of our forces as compared with the Mexicans, it was demon- strated at San Jacinto, as it had been at San Antonio, in 1835. In the latter instance 225 Texans defeated 1,500 Mexicans in a strong fortress and a fortified town; and in the latter, 783 Texans in ten minutes defeated 1,600 Mexicans under Santa Anna, (it being the flower of his army with his best officers,) di'iving them from a fortified encampment of their own choos- ing, and subsequently killing or capturing every one of them. I am therefore unable to see any good reason for the retreat of the Texan army fi-om the Colorado. If it be answered that it prevented Santa Anna from concentrating his army, and thus giving us an opportunity to attack him in detail, the answer is simple. Santa Anna's army was scattered when that retreat was commenced, and he might as easily have been attacked in detail then, as he afterwards was, and as easily defeated. Be- sides, if he had concentrated his forces, and crossed the Colorado in safety, he never could have opposed us with a force relatively so superior as he did at San Jacinto, and we should have been far more than an equal match for him on any ground he could have chosen. In a mUitary point of view, therefore, the retreat is without any reason, and can be accounted for but in two ways : first, the cowardice or ignorance of Gen. Houston, or second, his design to cross the Neches. In either case, he should be held accountable for the ruin brought upon Texas, and the immeasurable amount of suffering and misery entailed upon her helpless citizens, her women and children, by that measure. K Gen. Santa Anna had been at perfect liberty, un- disturbed by an enemy, to select a spot to entrench himself upon, in all Texas he could not in twelve months have found a more ehgible one than that occupied by him at San Jacinto. Nothing was gained, therefore, by strategy, but much was lost and suffered by what has been falsely claimed as such. The whole truth of the matter is, the Mexicans are a feeble, cow- ardly people, and cannot fight. With or loithout a leader, (or with any one of the fifty leaders we had,) we could have de- feated them at the Colorado as we could or did at San Jacinto, or anywhere else upon our own soil. But Texas was never able to pursue an aggressive war, for she had no means to pro- Digitized by Microsoft® gg MBMORAifDA. [1850. vision or appoint an army. Hence every attempt of the sort she has made, has been, as all men of sense and judgment knew they would be, disastrous. June 4fA.— The affair at the Colette, under Fannin, was the only adverse one that has ever happened on our soil, (for in this particular connection I do not consider Santa Fe on our soil,) and the fault here was that they were not Texans at aU. They were, nearly every one of them, strangers in the country, and knew nothing of the art of war. They were undoubtedly brave, but had no experience of frontier, or Indian, or Mexican war- fare, — had not been accustomed to hardship or privation, and were unfit to encounter or endure them. Without the expe- rience, therefore, which all Texans had, necessarily, in 1836, and without the discipline which among regular troops supplies its place to a great extent, badly appointed, Fannin, surrounded as he was by a force so superior as was that of Urrea, might possibly have fought his way out, (and doubtless would have done so if he could have foreseen the perfidy of which he was to be the victim,) — ^but maybe excused for having surrendered as he did, upon terms, in order to save the effusion of blood. It is much to be regretted that he had not taken precautionary means to cover his retreat from Goliad. Ju7ie Uh. — The defence of the Alamo by Travis is one of the most splendid instances of bravery and noble devotion to the cause of one's country on the page of history, and has no parallel except the defence of the pass of Thermopylae by Leon- idas and his little band of Spartans. Although it resulted in the death of every man, though not one was left in the former, as in the latter instance, to tell the tale of their chivalric and patriotic deeds ; though all perished, and the country sustained a heavy and irreparable loss in them, stUl the example of high and elevated heroism they left behind was of priceless value, and constituted a legacy, the benefits of which will last Avhile Texas has a name. It nerved at the time the heart and the arm of every Texan, while the conduct of the cruel Mexican filled every bosom with indignation, as well as with high and noble resolve to avenge their countrymen and to imitate their example. These feelings reached beyond Texas, and thousands urged by them hurried to join the banner of the single star. Digitized by Microsoft® 1850.1 MEMORANDA. 89 So also of Fannin ; there "n-as no panic produced in Texas, no thought of despair by his capitulation. But when the main army retreated first from the Guadalupe precipitately, then de- liberately from the Colorado, and finally from the Brazos, its numbers being thereby lessened by distrust of the courage and skill of the men and their leader, and by the consequent neces- sity which drove many away from the ranks for the purpose of taking care of their helpless families, then arose such a panic throughout the whole country as has probably not been seen since Hyder Ali swept the plains of Ilindostan with the re- solve of placing perpetual desolation between him and his enemy ; and the destruction in Texas, so far as it was carried, almost equalled that of this ferocious Eastern barbarian. Its evils wUl long be felt by her old inhabitants, and the memory of their sufferings caused by it, handed down from father and mother to son and daughter, to the third and fourth generation. And what is singular, although the author of so great and un- necessary a disaster has never given a single reason for that dis- astrous retreat ; and although none can ever be given, he has succeeded for fourteen years in hunibiigging an inteEigent people into the belief that it was a " smart " move on his part, and that by it he decoyed the enemy into a " trap>." Nothing can be more false than this assumption. Santa Anna was just as much in a " trap " on the right bank of the Colorado as he was on the same bank of the San Jacinto. It might have been, and doubtless was a judicious move to fall back a little from the Guadalupe, for the purpose of rallying the country ; but this last line of defence need not to have been abandoned, and the Mexican army could never have effected a safe retreat from that line back into Mexico in face of 2,500 or 3,000 Texan troops, which by the 21st of April would have been opposed to them ; but must inevitably, without the most wretched blun- dering on our part, have been caught in a " trap." Santa Anna himself might and probably would have got back a fugitive to Mexico, as his forte is, and always has been, " running ; " but this would not have been of the slightest practical consequence to this country, as he proved about the most useless as well as the most troublesome trophy taken at San Jacinto. * * fN'ote omitted.] Digitized by Microsoft® 90 MEMORANDA. [1850, There is yet another fact to show conclusively that the argu- ment brought forward to justify the retreat from the Colorado, on the score of its affording an opportvmity to attack the Mexi- cans " in.detail," is without application or force. On the morn- ing of the 20th of April, at 8 o'clock, we arrived at the forks of the road, the left one of which led to Lynchburg, distant some two or three miles, and the right or straightforward one to New Washington, distant about seven. The despatches taken from the Mexican courier on the 18th, and the Mexican officer taken with him, informed us that Gen. Santa Anna was in front with 150 men, and Cos in our rear with about 850 more. The smoke of New Washington, to which fire had been set in the early morning, told us exactly where Santa Anna was. New Washington is on a peninsula, and Santa Anna was in as perfect a cul de sac as ever was formed, from which there was but one way of escape, and that was by the road on which we were, and on which we halted half an hour on the morning of the 20th at 8 o'clock. Instead, therefore, of waiting for Santa Anna to re- turn to where we were, or pushing on towards New Washing- ton, where he was, we turned off to Lynchburg, left the road some two or three miles off, upon which the two detachments of the Mexican army were marching, and thus gave an oppor- tunity for Santa Anna to escape back to the Brazos and to form a junction with Gen. Cos, (as he did,) besides leaving the way open to him to hold free communication with his main body of troops on that river. Had he adopted the policy of withdraw- ing, he could, when he arrived at the forks of the road above mentioned, have pushed on to the " bridge on the only road leading to the Brazos," some five miles off, crossed, and then destroyed it ; he would therefore have avoided a pursuit, joined Gen. Cos, and then concentrating his forces, brought his whole power together on or near that river. And if Gen. Houston finding that Santa Anna would not take the door which he had left wide open for his escape, had even then wished to prevent the enemy from concentrating his force, he could have cut down the " bridge " himself either on the morning, afternoon, or even- ing of the 20th, (for Santa Anna had taken a position which gave us access to it,) and thereby prevented the union of Cos with his chief. And further, if Gen. Houston had wished for Digitized by Microsoft® I860.] MEMOEANDA. 91 and souglit an opportunity to attack the Mexicans at an advan- tage, and as he falsely pretended, " in detail," he had the oppor- tunity of doing so nearly all day on the 20th, and on the 21st, from four to nine o'clock in the morning, at which latter hour Cos joined Santa Anna. But after inviting Santa Anna to con- centrate the whole of his forces, after giving him the whole of the 20th and then nearly all the 21st to retire upon his maia army, and finding he would not do it, Houston was forced to give him battle by the men under his command on the evening of the last-mentioned day. More stupid blundering or more arrant cowardice than was evinced by Houston on those two days, as above alluded to, probably the world never saw, and cannot furnish a parallel to in a military man. The only hy- pothesis which would relieve him in a small degree from this censure, is his predetermination, in spite of the troops under him, (or, rather, over him,) to pursue his retreat, avoid fighting, and cross the JVec/ies. Certainly he said very plainly to Santa Anna — ^If you wUl- let me alone I will you — go your way, and I will go mine ; (and Santa Anna was a fool in not going ;) else there was abundant blundering, cowardice, and want of skUl previous to the battle. But the result shows that no matter how many faults a leader may have, no matter how much in- capacity, stupidity, or cowardice, if he only stumbles upon suc- cess, the world wOl stamp him a hero. Such is military fame, and such it will always be. Had Gen. Santa Anna, on the 20th and 21st April, adopted the policy of retiring .upon his main army, and concentrating his forces, as he could and should have done, Houston would not have pursued ; but crossing the San Jacinto at Lynchburg, and taking the lower road, reached the ISTeches in safety, thus efiecting his original object in retreating from the Colorado, and defeating the will and wishes of the Texans under his command, by whom he was forced, malgri lui, to deflect from the road leading to ]!facogdoches on the 15 th, or six days before. (V. p. 83.) On the 20th Santa Anna offered him battle from 10 o'clock A. M. untU night, in the open prairie, on Houston's own ground, and with only 750 men. On the 21st he was reinforced with 850 men under Cos ; and we fought him in a fortified encamp- Digitized by Microsoft® 92 MEMOBAl^DA. [1850, ment on the 21st. Where can excuse be found for such conduct in a general ? To refuse battle to 750 men, we having vantage ground, on the 20th, and then to be forced to give battle next day to 1,600, they having vantage ground and fortified besides, is passing strange conduct. Gen. Houston's "fool-born jest," that he " did not wish to make two bites of a cherry," has not wit enough to cover such a blunder, and is devoid alike of truth and sense. He did not intend to bite at all if he could help it, but to retreat to the Neches and " obtain a bloodless victory," as he told me himself, at Groce's, just one week before. (V. pp. 16, 83.) Jutie Uh. — It has been contended that Gen. Houston's delay of two weeks on the Brazos is an evidence that he did not wish or intend to retreat across the N'eches ; but this is very idle. He needed a plea or pretence of necessity in order to enable him to retreat, and waited for Santa Anna to afford him this plea by crossing the river below, to which he offered no obstacle. So soon as a sufficiently plausible excuse was furnished by the cross- ing of the Mexicans, the retreat to the Neches was re-com- menced, but defeated by the means I have mentioned, (on the 15th.) I have said I did not regard the affair of the 21st at San Ja- cinto as a battle, but rather a rout and a slaughter, * * * • as there was no resistance on the part of the enemy. I exam- ined a number of Mexican cartridge-boxes, and in no instance was. there more than one cartridge used from them, and half their escopets taken on the field were loaded. * * * The soldiers could not have fired more than once apiece on an average, and in no instance could a soldier have fired his gun more than twice. The fact is, as a general rule, " they brought their pieces to their faces, shut their eyes, fired, then run away as fast as they could," as a Mexican officer, whose wounds I was dressing, afterwards told me. The best stand made by the enemy was by Castrillon, who commanded the artUlery, (one piece,) and this was fired not more than three or four times. Mexicans may fight pretty weU at half a mile distance, or pardbolically from behind a high stone wall or a church ; but never have been, and never will be able during the present gen- Digitized by Microsoft® 18S0.] MEMORANDA. 93 eration at least, to stand the shock of a charge by Americans, They should ahvays be engaged, if possible, at close quarters, and hand to hand. This was the secret of our success at San Jacinto, not any generalship that was displayed on that occasion. The men could not be kept from rushing on the Mexicans. Houston ordered a halt, but was disobeyed, and the fight won, as it had been brought on, against his will ; and under the au- . spices and actual leadership of Col. John A. Wharton, Col. Sherman, and a few other kindred spirits, who despised Houston and his temporizing pusillanimity and cowardice, as they es- teemed it. It is not pleasant for me to say these things of one whom I would not wrong, and whom I have praised whenever I could, and sometimes too highly ; and for whom I have entertained no unkind feelings. But the cause of truth and justice demands it of me. * * * * * ■ * * Falsehood should not forever prevail over truth ; and that I may contribute, as is my duty, so far as facts are iu my pos- session, to the final triumph of the right, I have recorded these things in sorrow, and not in anger. June Ath. — I have spoken of the unfortunate course pursued after the 21st April, (v. p. Yl.) The Mexican army were then panic struck, divided into separate detachments, disheartened, and offered to surrender to Col. Karnes, (as he told me,) and were perfectly willing, ready and anxious to surrender to any officer of the Texan army who would agree to recognize them as prisoners of war, and guarantee their personal safety. If proof of this fact were wanting, there are hundreds who can attest it ; and the very precipitate and headlong retreat of Fi- Hsola from the country, and his official report of his condition after the 21st April, made to the Mexican Government, most abundantly proves this to have been the case. But Gen. Hous- ton acted on this occasion as he has on so many others, playing the dog in the manger ; that is, not being able to pursue and capture FUisola himself, he determined no one else should gain the credit of such an exploit, which he too plainly saw would shade his furtive laurels. The country he appears never to have thought of, unfortunately, except when it could be made wholly subservient to his selfish views. Digitized by Microsoft® 94 MEMORANDA. [1850. Giving credit to Gen. Houston, therefore, for all he justly and unjustly claims in his campaign of the spring of 1836, it may truthfully and rightfully be said, he deserves more censure for his omissions than praise for what was performed. And in all his public life since that time, acting upon the same principle of absorbing selfishness, he has ever exerted himself to prevent the country from being benefited in any way, unless the credit of the act producing the benefit could in some way or other be appropriated by him. So wanting has he been in patriotism, so intensely selfish and aspiring, and so jealous of every man in Texas who might by any possibility ever come in his way. * * * * [The Executive Order ofSeptember 24th, 1844, would have defeated annexation.] [Note on page 116, original memorandum.] The crossing Buffalo Bayou the afternoon of the 19th April, from the north to the south side, has been used as a strong ar- gument that Gen. Houston did not intend to go to the Sabine. This is without force — he could not stay where he was : he dared not attempt a further retreat, and was forced by his troops to cross the bayou. The same power which made him take the road to the bayou on the 15th April, made him cross it on the 19th of that month. When he could no longer retreat himself, he tried to mduce Santa Anna to do so by leaving the road open from Wew Washington to the Brazos. But when he could not retreat any longer, and when he found Santa Anna would not, he consented to be compelled to fight ; and had we have been unsuccessful at San Jacinto, would have laid all the blame of the disaster to our forcing him. He held in his own hands the most abundant and explicit proof that he went to San Ja- cinto and fought the battle there against his judgment and his wishes. This proof it was easy for him to destroy, as he did, when it no longer suited his purposes to retain it. Memoranda of Books 6 and 7, from July 1850 to April 1851. (These are all private memoranda.) Digitized by Microsoft® 1851-2.] MEMORANDA. 95 MEMORANDUM BOOK NO. 8, (Folio.) From April, 1851, to July 28«7j, 1853. Decemhev Zlst, 1851. — (Extract.) "The tranquil and per- vading influences of the American principle of self-government was suflBcient to defeat the purposes of British and French in- terference, and the almost unanimous voice of the people of Texas has given to that interference a peaceful and effective re- buke," &c., (J. K. Polk's Annual Message, 1845.) All this is a mistake. There was no "interference" as stated, or in the sense implied. Texas over and over again, ■with the full and entire consent and approbation of aU her people, sought the friendly offices of England and France for a period of five years ; and had those offices been made eifective a few months earlier even, the almost "unanimous voice" would have decided in their favor, and given " a peaceful and effective rebuke " to Mr. Polk's intrigues. ISTor would the United States have had any right to complain, for they too were invited and urged for many, very many years, to use their good offices with Mexico, and informed that we preferred annexation to any other alter- native ; but they turned towards us " the cold shoulder." Mr. Polk forgets also that it was that very " interference " of which he so unjustly complains which proved the means, the lever, the battering-ram that opened the door to annexation in the United States! Jealousy of those powers growing out of this very " interference " proved the effective cause of that mighty, that almost miraculous change which public opinion on this subject then underwent from 1843, when it had almost no friends, to the latter part of 1844, when it had a majority of the people in its favor. Mr. Polk also chooses to forget that it was this same " interference " which made him President of the United States, by bringing to the cause of annexation, which was the great issue in this election, a majority of votes. Mr. Polk should not have abused the bridge which carried him so safely over. January 15th, 1852, (v. pp. 48 to 52, 54 and 76. Missions of Gov. Yell of Arkansas, Gov. Wickliffe of Kentucky, Com. Stock- ton and Dr. Wright of the U. S. Navy, and A. J. Donelson of Tennessee, in 1845. Digitized by Microsoft® 96 . MEMORANDA. [1852. The missions of all tlie above had but one object — that of persuading or compelling me to assist Mr. Polk in manufac- turing a war with Mexico, covered up, however, under a pro- fessed zeal to accomplish annexation, which stood in no need of their aid, and of protecting Texas from Mexican invasion when there was no danger of such an invasion, except from their ia- trigues. I have elsewhere in this volume (v. pp. 48 to 52) given a sufficient account perhaps of the acts of Com. Stockton and Surgeon Wright. Gov. Yell remained but a short time, and probably becoming disgusted with the mission, returned home. But Gov. Wickliffe remained as long as he had any hope, and left just in time to escape a legal investigation of his acts. * * From Galveston to Austin, (where he went soon after his ar- rival, and where he ascertained I would not sanction Com. Stockton's scheme,) he everywhere urged violence and rebellion against the Government of Texas, encouraged the dissatisfied and the mischievous ; and this, too, after the Executive, the Con- gress, and the Convention had accepted the proposals of the United States on the subject of annexation, and that great and glorious measure had been by me placed beyond danger, excej)t ftom the machinations of such men as Gov. Wickliffe, and those with whom he thought proper to associate himself, viz., dema- gogues, military aspirants, restless, disappointed poUticians, per- sonal and political opponents of myself and my administration, — and all who from anarchy and war alone had any hope of bettering their condition or gratifying their passions. Major Donfelson, though originally engaged in the same cause, yet stood rather aloof himself, probably because, as he was the authorized min- ister of the United States, he was so instructed, lest he might compromit the Government in a scheme which, although they desired its success, they dared not too openly avow ; and finally, no doubt, because he became alarmed at the bold infamy of the plan. * * * He has not, however, been quite able to con- ceal his chagrin and mortification at my defeat of all the schemes of this cabal ; for this appears too plainly in his letters to Mr. Buchanan in 1845, where he evidently, after exhausting the realms of truth, ransacks those of error and falsehood for causes of censure against me. I need only cite his charge of " delay in calling Congress and the Convention," (v. his despatch Digitized by Microsoft® 1852.] MEMORANDA. 97 of Juno 4tli, 1 845,) when there was no delay in either case, ab he had himself previously acknowledged in various ways, and when he had counselled and requested me iu his letter of May 5th not to call the Convention at all, but to wait the action of Congress on the subject ; which, if I had done, it would prob- ably have postponed the matter of annexation three months. * * * (V. my letter to him on file of January, 1852.) Had these emissaries ceased their efibrts to overthrow my administration when they found the measure of annexation was secure in Texas, they might with some plausibility have claimed the peaceful and safe consummation of this measure as the object of their mission ; but their opposition towards me increased exactly in proportion as the certainty of this peaceful and safe consummation became apparent. Mr. Donelson saw in the precipitate flight of Mr. Wicklifle from the country, as well as from other indications too palpable not to be perceived by him, that he was greatly mistaken when he told Mr. Buchanan that he could safely interfere with my constitutional functions, as he saw that violence was the next thing to be expected, probably anarchy ; and that not only their hopes of driving me into their war scheme would be de- feated, but that annexation itself would be prevented. So he took counsel of his fears. January X'dth. — While the President of the United States was acting the pious " mawworm " in reference to pretended " interference " on the part of France and England in the affairs of Texas, he was himself actively engaged in carrying on the most disgraceful system of intrigue. * * * ■* These emissaries pretended great anxiety to protect Texas from Mexico, and complained that I did not act with suiEcient promptness in this matter ; but unfortunately for their sincerity, their clamor against me increased a hundredfold when I pro- claimed a cessation of hostilities between the two countries. * * January 20th. — I have abundant reason to thank Almighty God, daily, night and morning, that he gave me the will and the povsrEE to resist all efforts on the part of the Government of the United States and their emissaries here, to induce me to aid them in their unholy and execrable design of " manu- facturing a war with Mexico," by taking the initiative, and 7 • Digitized by Microsoft® 98 MEMORANDA. [1852. for the purpose of gratiiying their personal ambition or cu pidity. With J. K. Polk and Zachary Taylor rests the responsibility, in chief, for the war which was finally got up, and for the. lust- ful,»reckless, and rapacious spirit engendered by it, so porten- tous of future ill to this country. They have both gone to their great and final audit, and, having repented ere they died, their friends are allowed to hope (none more sincerely than my- self) that they have obtained the clemency of that great Exec- utive to whom they have now " rendered an account for the deeds done ia the body." * * * * And for myself, how- ever misunderstood jftid abused for my part in the great drama of annexation, still I would not exchange my " calm and quiet conscience " for all the " pomp and circumstance " which re- cently surroxmded either the President of the United States who initiated, or the poor old General * * * who became Pres- ident of the United States by his conduct 'in this Mexican War. I may have judged too harshly of some, or all these mis- sions ; but I have only given, as nearly as possible, an account of the impressions they made upon me at thfe time, 1845, and I can truly say with Burns : " Time but the impression deeper malices, As streams tlieir channels deeper wear." And if my inferences are too harsh, mj facts, at least, are true, and I defy all contradiction of them. January 20th, {Mexican War and Preliminary Treaty of 1845.)— By some I have been censured (V. National Intelli- hgencer, 1846) for counselling a "vigorous prosecution of the war," when I was opposed to the manner of its commencement. In this, however, I was right. There were great causes of complaint against Mexico, (though two wrongs never make a right,) and, the war having begun, no matter how, it was not only good pohcy, but mercy to all concerned, that it should be speedily terminated. This was all I counselled. Of course I could not wish success to the enemies of my country, but my desire was to see her victorious, and victorious from the start. She was obliged to conquer in the Digitized by Microsoft® • 1852.] MEMORANDA. 99 end, for lier physical power was one hundred times that of Mex- ico. Had my advice been followed, and one or two vigorous blows struck in the commencement, by a suitable force, say 50,000 men, the war might have been concluded in six weeks as weU. as in two years, and there would have been saved by this course the lives of 20,000 men who fell by disease, and the expenditure of fifty millions of money, by delay. The crop, too, of " military heroes^ those pests and enemies of repubUcs, (with some exceptions, and in proportion of about one to a hundred,) would have been very much diminished ; and there would have been, in this, a probable prospective saving of five times the above number of lives and millions of money, and less demoralization in society, less " FiUbusterism," and much more quiet security, Uberty, and true glory in the world. God grant we may never have another war, if only to save us from vain- glory and mock heroes ; for " peace hath her victories no less renowned than war," and far, infinitely, immeasurably more beneficial ones : may it, therefore, ever continue. In placing (as I did in 1 845) Texas at peace with the world, I believe I did more for her true interests and ultimate welfare than could " ten thousand men, armed in proof and ready for the battle." Humanity wUl never learn its true glory, dignity, and weU-being, until it learns to place a proper estimate upon war. * * * * There are doubtless occasions when war be- comes necessary * * Such have been our wars of independ- ence. * * * The United States have now become a great and powerful nation, and by just and prudent conduct need have no more wars, having now a moral force sufficient to cause their rights to be respected throughout all lands and seas. The " pen " with her is literally " mightier than the sword," and she needs, hereafter, to use no other weapon, if she will take care to use this properly, and to do justice always. Let us have ag- ricultural, commercial, manufacturing heroes, legislative and cabinet heroes, heroes in science and the arts of peace; but Heaven save us from another deluge of military ones for the "next century at least. Rather break up the button moulds, and let the feathers stay on the animals to whom they belong of right, and to whom they are useful as well as ornamental. "Turn your swords into ploughshares and your spears into Digitized by Microsoft® 100 MEMORANDA. [1852. pruBiag-hooks and learn war no more." Then will the coimtry prosper — then may she confidently look upwards for the ap- proving smiles, as well as the richest blessings, of a just Provi- dence, "which shapes our ends, rough hew them as we Tjf^YtjII * He * * * * * January IQth. — I have seen enough of war to despise it heartily. It is a miserable, wretched game at the best, and should only be resorted to when all other means have been faithfully tried and exhausted. "War becomes a stern necessity sometimes, but not half so often as weak or wicked rulers wish to make the people beheve. It is a reUc of barbarism — and civilization, religion, and humanity should set their " canons " against it. I came to Texas in 1833, with no view of attempt- ing to separate her from Mexico. * * * ]^y gQjg ^^^ g^-. elusive object was to find a suitable field for the exercise of my profession, and to make myself useful in the prosecution of pur- suits altogether peaceful, in this new and young country of my adoption. Indeed, I came in an hour when there appeared little expectation of a war, or but little probability of it, at least on the surface of things ; though, doubtless, scheming politicians were then at work in Texas and the United States preparing such an event. * * * j knew nothing of their plans in this respect. No whisper of them had ever reached my ears. * * For two years after my arrival, I steadily opposed all violent or aggressive movements towards Mexico — counselled forbearance, struggled faithfully to have fi^iendly relations maintained with the parent country. But in May or June, 1835, war broke out — ^by whose fault or act it does not concern me, at this time, to inquire — and in October of that year Santa Anna overthrew the Constitution of 1824; establishing a central military despotism in its place, (which he afterwards told me he thought the only kind of government under which Mexico could ever prosper ;) and these two events, and their consequences, left me no alter- native but to stand up for the actual independence of the coun- try — which I did for about ten years, and which I finally achieved. But I wish to leave upon record my unmeasurable and un- mitigated abhorrence of war ; and my hope and trust is that the United States wUl, on all occasions, and for all time, act so Digitized by Microsoft® 1862.] MEMORANDA. 101 justly, so wisely, so prudently, and at the same time so firmly conduct their affairs, as to escape the necessity of a resort to it. It is the " ultima ratio " of kings — it should he, if such an expression may he allowed, the "ultiprima ratio" of re- publics. Jamiary 2^ith, {Cuevas Treaty.) — In my letters toH. Sttlart of the Civilian, in 184V, I have pretty fuUy explained the facts and the reasons influencing me in making the Preliminary Treaty with Mexico ; and thereby obtaining from that government the full acknowledgment and recognition of Texan independence, with the boundary of the Rio Grande as we had claimed it. In agreeing to wait, as I did, ninety days for the completion of that treaty before I should conclude negotiations for any other settlement of the question of the nationaHty of Texas, I in nowise, or in the least degree, compromitted the safety and immediate success of annexation. On the contrary, I promoted both these objects, more particularly the safety of that measure. The nine- ty days gave time to develop public opinion here ; and as the Congress of the United States (as I was well assured) would not be convened in special session, and consequently could not meet imtil December, it gave me upwards of nine months in which to assemble a Convention and have a State Constitution adopted ; and all of six months after the expiration of the time allowed for the negotiations at the city of Mexico, even if I had obli- gated myself to wait that time before issuing a call for Congress and the Convention to assemble, which I did not. If ow, as I performed every thing on the part of Texas reqtdred by the Joint Resolutions of the United States Congress for the annex- ation of Texas, and had the new State Constitution placed in the hands of the President of the United States more than two months before the expiration of the time required, I think it rather unjust that it should be imputed to me as a crime, be- cause, in the mean time, I achieved the actual independence of Texas and placed her at " peace with the world." But if this was a fault, " most grievously have I answered it." During a connection with the Government of Texas, of the most weighty and responsible character, for nearly ten years, it is the only fault, as I know of, ever even imputed to me ; and it might seem that if I did wrong in this instance, all my other acts in behalf Digitized by Microsoft® -[02 MEMORAifDA. [1852. of the country might have made atonement. But I did not commit a fault, even in this matter, * * * unless it was saciificing myself on the altar of my country's highest, holiest, and best interests. ****** ******** January lUh. — By that Treaty, and my other acts, I re- moved every possible danger which threatened the cause of an- nexation, that could be removed ; while, at the same time, I fully vindicated the honor, the integrity, and the scrupulous good faith of Texas in the eyes of France, Great Britain, Europe, and the world — a consideration, in my opinion, of the very high- est importance. Time will abundantly demonstrate all these things ; not, however, in my lifetime. I renew my appeal from cotemporary malice, selfishness, jealousy, and injustice, to the truth of history, and the calm judgment of posterity. February Vlth. — I have just seen a letter written by Gen. Duff Green, of Washington city, to Mr. A. J. Donelson, editor of the " Union,'' and published in the " Southern Press," in which he states that Mr. Donelson told him, in 1845, that I had sent Mr. E. AUen, then Secretary of State, to visit Gen. S. Hous- ton in order to induce him to join me in defeating annexation. I never sent Mr. AUen or anybody else to Gen. Houston whUe I was President, on this or any other errand, and never consult- ed him or asked his advice on any subject during the time ; for I well knew, from the 8th of Jvily, 1844, that he had " changed his front " on the subject of annexation, and did not wish me to consummate it ; but preferred breaking down my administration, which I took excellent care he should not have the pleasure of doing. I knew Gen. Houston too well to advise with him on any matter connected with my administering the government. February IZd. — Since writing the above. Col. "Ward and Hon. E. AUen and lady arrived here from Austin, and spent the night at Barrington. Mr. AUen states that there is no truth in Gen. Duff Green's statement, (or rather Mr. Donelson's,) as above, about him. That he did not go to Gen. Houston's house that year — nor was he ever, to his knowledge, " foUowed " any- where " by the American Minister " — that I never requested him to use any influence with Gen. Houston, or any one else, in op- position to annexation, or in persuading any one to oppose that Digitized by Microsoft® 1852.] MEMORANDA. 103 « measure; that Gen. Houston wrote to his private secretary, "Wm. D. Miller, editor of the Washington newspaper, to urge upon him. to use all his influence and power in opposing annexa- tion ; that he (Houston) approved every word which had ap- peared in his (IVIiUer's) paper opposing it ; promising to sustain him with all his means in so doing ; requesting Mr. Miller to say the same for him to Mr. AUen, and get his co-operation in op- posing the measure ; and that he (Mr. Allen) saw said letters, in the handwriting of Gen. Houston, and read them at Mr. Miller's request, and at the request of General Houston contained in said letters. Mr. Allen also states that he met Gen. Houston at court, in Montgomery county, in the spring of 1845, and that Gen. Houston communicated the same sentiments to him ver- bally, and showed him a letter he had written to Major Donel- son, condemnatory of annexation as proposed by the United States, and taking the most decided grounds against the meas- ure, (which letter was also shown to me by Mr. Miller, but a copy refused, as per Gen. Houston's request and direction.) Mr. Allen also states that the letter j)ublished by Gen. Houston in the National Intelligencer, and purporting to be the letter read to him by Houston, is changed and altered in all its original features. (In this respect, my recollection corroborates Mr. Al- len's statement — the original having been much more condem- natory of annexation than the published one.) Mr. Allen further states, that the despatch of Major Donel- son of 31st March, 1845, and shown to him next day, was not delivered to him untU about two weeks afterward ; and that Major Donelson made various alterations in the original paper after the 1st of AprD, resuming it for that purpose. (This last I also know to have been the case.) February 2%th. — "East and West." In 1839, a bill was brought into the Congress of Texas to divide its Supreme Court so as to give a branch of it to " Eastern Texas." The Consti- tution of the Republic provided there " should be one Supreme Court, which should hold its sessions annually," &c. The BUI making, in effect, two Supreme Courts, and its sessions to be semi- annual, I conceived to be a clear violation of the provision of the Constitution above referred to ; and, on that account, I voted against the bill, (in the Senate,) audit was defeated (after having Digitized by Microsoft® 104 MEMOEANDA. [1852. passed the House) in the Senate, by one, vote, I believe. In 1840 it was again presented, and having passed both Houses, (my vote being still against it, ) the President sent it back— the House passed it over the veto, which, however, the Senate sustained. In 1 841-'2 it was again passed, and signed by the Executive, (S. Houston,) contrary to my advice. In a few days after it was declared un- constitutional and a nullity by the Supreme Court ; it being, as I understand, a unanimous decision. My uniform opposition to the measure, on account of its manifest unconstitutionality, was seized hold of by certain parties in Eastern Texas, and the im- pression created there, which doubtless exists to the present day, that I was opposed to the interests of that particular sec- tion ; and I have, consequently, been ostracised to a certain ex- tent there, for doing what all are now satisfied was right and proper — ^that is, for opposing an infringement of the Constitu- tion, and doing my sworn duty as a Senator. (V. Letters of Gen. J. P. Henderson, in 1841 and 1843.) In 1844, I was sim- ilarly ostracised for being opposed to the interests of the " West," on account of the removal of the seat of government from there ; a measure I had nothing to do with except to oppose. The fact has always been, that I was equally desirous of pro- moting the interests of every section of the country, [as my whole public course demonstrates.] My local residence in the middle of the Republic enabled me to be entirely just to East and West alike ; and my disposition, at aU times, was in accord- ance with my local position. I had no partiality, and was un- justly censured in both instances. But, strange as it may seem, I am still regarded by some, perhaps by many, both East and West, as opposed to their particular section, and from the causes above specified. I note this as " one of the thousand " examples in my public life of how much faster Error travels than Truth, and as one among ten thousand instances of cotemporary jealousy and injustice. Thursday, May 6th. — By a memorandum recently found among my papers, I ascertain the date of my first arrival in Texas to have been the 20th of October, 1833, when I landed fi-om the " Sabine," (schooner,) at Velasco. I arrived at Bra- zoria, November 1st, 1833. Digitized by Microsoft® 18S2.] MEMORANDA. 105 In the " Texas Republican," a newspaper published at Bra- zoria, of the date of 15th August, 1835, is a recommendation of a call for a convention of the people of Texas, " to consult upon their affairs," signed by myself and others. The date of the document is 9th August, 1835. It was republished in the "Texas State Gazette," in 1850. (This document did not ap- pear to embrace any war measure.) There was a great division in the minds of people at the time, and two parties existed, a " Peace " and a " War Party." I thought we were too few to divide, and, therefore, wished to bring about union and concert of thought and action. On the 23d of August, 1845, 1 wrote to Gen. Zachary Tay- lor, (late President of the United States,) in reply to a letter of his of a date shortly previous, that I had no intelligence of any hostUe demonstrations on the part of Mexico — that I did not apprehend any— that her concentrating troops at Matamoras was in self defence, and in consequence of the United States concentrating forces at Corpus Christi, and not for the purpose of invading Texas ; but, as a matter of precaution and safety to our frontiers against Indians, as weU as the possibility of a Mexican attack, it would be well to keep up a force of five or six companies of men at the different points in the line, from Corpus Christi to Fannin county, on Red River, which, at the time, (and previously,) were occupied by Texan Rangers. The most South -western point indicated was Corpus Christi. This letter more fully and perfectly throws all the responsibility of the Mexican War upon Mr. Polk and Gen. Taylor. Gen. Taylor's object, in his correspondence with me, (as I have good means of knowing,) was to obtain a recommendation for a movement of troops to the Rio Grande. Faihng in this, he took the fatal step himself! ! (V. his letter to the War Department.) Tuesday^ June 1st. — I have ever been opposed to banks and banking of all and every kind : not but that with proper guards and restrictions, and with suitable management, they may be useful to a commercial and manufacturing community, and a convenience to all classes ; but that they are so liable to abuse, that the practical evil of their existence will always be greater than the practical good thereof. Among the first political essays I ever wrote was one printed in " Poulson's Advertiser," Digitized by Microsoft® 106 MEMORANDA. [1852. at Philadelphia, in the year 1830 or 1831, on this subject, Strongly condemnatory of these institutions, and particularly so of the course the Pennsylvania Legislature were then pursuing, This essay was anonymous, nor did any person, except myself, know who its author was. And in Texas, in IBS'?, I successfully combated a mammoth banking institution, (the " Texas Rail- road, Navigation, and Banking Company,") [v. Essays of "Franklin," vol. ii., p. 180,] and destroyed it, although its char- ter had been approved and signed by Gen. Houston ; and al- though nearly every politician of any influence in the country was in favor of it, and interested in it directly. Had this insti- tution been allowed to take root and fasten itself upon the coun- try, it could never have been got rid of except by a serious civU commotion or a revolution, and would have been most ruinous in its consequences to the best interests of Texas. What Jack- son did for the United States in the destruction of the United States Bank, and what has recently been done for Louisiana in the destruction of injurious banking monopoUes, I did for Texas in the complete annihilation of the monster bank above alluded to. No voice but mine was raised against this institution. " Alone I did it," and its friends have so declared by the con- stant and rancorous hatred and opposition with which they have ever since pursued me ; and which will only cease, as it seems, in the Grave ! Thwsday, Aug. 2Qth. — Wrote his Excellency, Gov. P. H. Bell, in behalf of railroads and other internal improvements ; in which I expressed the opinion, that if a proper system could be agreed upon and suitable agents found to carry it out, Texas needed works to be now or soon commenced, which would cost fifty millions in their ultimate construction — that is, I thought it time to lay the foundation of such a system if practicable, &c. [Memorandum book !N'o. 9 all private memoranda.] MEMORANDUM BOOK NO. 10, (Folio.) Prom February llth, 1854, to August Bth, 1854. Thursday, March 2d. — Understanding a company were about to enter into the project of uniting the Atlantic and Pa- cific Oceans by means of a railway, I visited New York several Digitized by Microsoft® 1864.] MEMORANDA. iQf^ times last fall for the purpose either of getting up such a com- pany, (if none was already formed,) or of aiding the one already formed in the enterprise, and more especially to ensure the Texas route for the road. Disappointed in the first, I subscribed in the accomplishment of my second purpose, to the capital stock of the New York Company, and having been chosen a dh-ector of the company, and appointed a commissioner to Texas, Arkansas, and California, with R. J. Walker and L. S. Chatfield, I repaired to Austin in December and remained there imtU February, in discharge of the duties of the latter office. Others were added to the commission, and many things were done by it, some of which I disapproved of as impolitic, but yielded a consent for the purpose of maintaining harmony and unity of action ; though on the whole I very much doubt whether our mission to Austin will be altogether as successful as our constituents might reasonably expect. Unfortunately our members were very much divided in opinion, and efficient and concerted action was thereby rendered impossible. Mi/ effijrts, especially, were much paralyzed in most matters, and I lost all confidence in my colleagues. WhUe at Austin I proposed tAvo important enterprises to the Legislature, to carry out which I had already engaged the ne- cessary capital. One was the " Texas Steamship Company," the other the "Texas Iron, Steel, &c.. Manufacturing Company." The first had in view the establishment of a healthy compe- tition in the carrying trade of the Gulf of Mexico, by the intro- duction of a first-class line of steamships between Galveston, Matagorda, and New Orleans, which should be extended (by means of small steamers) to Aransas, Corpus Christi, and the mouth of the Rio Grande ; and ultimately, as necessity should require, the line of ships should be further extended to Charles- ton, Philadelphia, and New York, via Havana, asking for it, the fostering care of the Government at its inception. The second had in view the early development of the coal, lEON, and other mineral resources of Texas, looking especially at present to the manufacture of railroad iron, and the conse- quent facilitation of the construction of our proposed bail ways. Both of the above enterprises failed of success before the Legis- lature, which was characterized by great timidity ; and a want Digitized by Microsoft® 108 MEMORANDA. [1864. of sound praotical views of what was best calculated to promote the prospective welfare of our new hut vastly extended terri- tory in the early development of its boundless latent resources, an object now and immediately of an importance paramount to most others. Had the Legislature properly seconded my views m these two joint enterprises, the welfare of Texas would have received, as I think, a new and important impulse in the right direction. But " fear admitted into public councils " ofttimes " betrays like treason." [I trust, however, the expected good is not lost, but only postponed for a time, j Wednesday, Aug. 2d. — ^Attended at the office of the Secre- tary of State at Austin. Examined the bids for the construc- tion of the A. & P. Railroad, which were this day opened, and the contract awarded. N'ew York Pacific scheme exploded by Robert J. Walker ! Thursday, Aug. 3d. — Started on the stage three hours before day for home, in company with Mr. Harwood of Dallas. Stayed at La Grange. Friday, Aug. 4,th. — Reached home, and Saturday, 5th, made preparations for a trip to New York. MEMORANDUM BOOK No. 11. From August 5tA, 1854, to November ZOth, 1854, (Pooket-Book.) November. — In 1852-'3 I directed much attention to the subject of a railway to the Pacific Ocean through Texas, which I considered the best, most desirable and useful route. Reflec- tion satisfied me the scheme was now quite practicable, and es- pecially if the Federal Government would do its duty. The amount of my labor in reference to this matter had been very considerable, and, as I believe, not unproductive of much good- and in the summer of 1853 I visited New York and the other northern cities, partly with a view of ascertaining in person whether men and capital could be had to accomplish the enter- prise, and, if so, to enlist them in it. Since 1834-'5 I had re- flected much on the subject, and was induced to believe that, sooner or later, the road would be built, and that it would be (or should be) the Jlrst to connect the Atlantic with the Pacific through our own territory, regarding it as a question of time Digitized by Microsoft® 1854.] MEMORANDA. 109 only. I succeeded at the North in calling the attention of men of capital and experience in this direction, and was about to be entirely successful when an event occurred which prevented. In July, 1853, the State of New York passed a charter in- corporating the " New York Atlantic and Pacific RaUroad Com- pany," with a capital of $100,000,000, and public attention was much attracted by it. In October and November the commis- sioners named in the act proceeded to organize, and my friends concluded they would wait the result of the operations of this company before they would do any thing. They were influ- enced to this course (which I did not approve) by the great weight of character possessed by many of the gentlemen con- nected with the New York Company, and partly also by the incipient pressure in the money market, consequent upon the prospect of a European war, and other causes. In this situation of affairs I was invited and very strongly urged to unite with the New York Company, and it having become evident that this would, for the time, be the only associated effort made for the construction of the work, I very reluctantly consented ; for, though there were in its number many men of high character and reputed wealth, there were others of no character and means at all — mere speculators ; and there was about the whole thing a rather evident odor of gas. Mr. R. J. Walker's sub- scription of ten millions, it was confidently said, was for English capitaUsts ; and the other large amounts were excused upon va- rious grounds, which, if they had been correctly stated, would have been sufficient. Much stress was laid upon the necessity of an early organization, in order that the company might act efficiently in view of the approaching session of the Legislature of Texas, (which everybody knew would make a liberal dona- tion of the public lands for the road,) as the New York act re- quired the whole capital stock should be subscribed before the company could elect its officers. There was very great force in this argument, and I hoped (to say the least) that this company might succeed. I was therefore willing to contribute aid in this fond hope, to accomplish what there appeared to be no other means of accomplishing. I was assured the company should, at the earliest possible moment, be purified of its dross, and that every thing should be to my satisfaction when we Digitized by Microsoft® 110 MEMORANDA. [1864. should " fairly get under -weigh." I was requested by gentle- men from Texas and others to take one thousand shares of stock, to be distributed in Texas to any of her citizens who might wish to subscribe for it. This I did solely for the purpose stated ; and the stock was delivered to me, iu blank, for distri- bution on my return home. I was elected a director, and at- tended the organization of the Board, when I was immediately appointed a commissioner to Texas, &c., and requested to start at once for Austin, which I did. I was, however, delayed on the road, and did not reach Austin until the 18th December, when I found a bill had already passed the Legislature providing for the construction of the " Mississippi and Pacific Railroad." This bm had been forced through in hot haste, and evidently without mature reflection or judicious advice ; for however cor- rect it might be in its main features, it was most unwise in many of its details. I concluded to remain at Austin for the purpose of procuring some necessary supplemental legislation, in order to obviate some or all the objectionable features of the act, and stayed untU the close of the session. Mr. L. S. Chatfield, Col. T. Butler King, &c., were also there ; but there was such a diver- sity of opinion between these two that all efforts to obtain the desired legislation were defeated, and the act remained, " with all its imperfections on its head." Embarrassments in the money market continued — the cloud of war burst over Europe — alarming frauds were perpetrated by officers of railroad com- panies at the North, and confidence in all enterprises of the sort being deeply impaired, it soon became apparent that success in our lar^e scheme was doubtful, if not hopeless. Li this state of things some of our best men became discouraged and left the company quietly, while all the worst remained ; so that in- stead of getting rid of our chaff and keeping the wheat, as we had at first expected, we got rid of the wheat and retamed the chaff. All this became apparent in the spring and summer now just passed, by the subscribers refusing to pay the assessments upon the capital stock. I visited Austin in May in pursuance of my duty as com- missioner, to be present at the award of the Government of the contract under his first proclamation ; but I did not sign the proposal then submitted by the company, having then little re- Digitized by Microsoft® 18S4.] MEMORANDA. n^^ maining confidence in their being able to do any thing. The Government postponed the award till August ; and I went to Galveston, expecting to meet Messrs. Walker and King there, and to see if any thing could be done by them. They, however, did not come according to promise, and after waiting at Galves- ton three weeks I returned to "Washington, satisfied the whole matter would have to be abandoned, so far as those gentlemen were concerned, at least, if not so far as the great enterprise itself was concerned, and for some time to come. In July or August last Messrs. Walker and King (being every thing left of the " New York Atlantic and Pacific Com- pany") suddenly appeared in Austin and secretly connected themselves with fifteen Texana, and made a proposal for the contract with the State, (all without my knowledge.) Messrs. Walker and King sent for me, and I went to Austin, when Mr. Walker, to my astonishment, informed me he had brought the $300,000 for the purpose of making the deposit required by the Texas act. He did not say in what it consisted ; but my im- pression obtained from him was, that the cash was on hand for the purpose. My astonishment was removed, however, the next day, when I learned the true character of the worthless funds intended, and I immediately quitted Austin that day for home, refusing most emphatically to have any thing to do with the matter or the new company, one way or the other. From Austin I proceeded direct to New York for purposes connected with the road, similar to those which had induced my visit in 1853, i. e. to see if I could form a company of the right kind of men to undertake the Pacific enterprise. * * * It is not necessary to advert to the embarrassments which sur- rounded and continue to surround this project. The bad man- agement of Messrs. Chatfield, Walker, King, &c., the continued stringency of the financial afiairs of the world, the disastrous continuance and progress of the European war, and the dimin- ished confidence of capitalists consequent upon these and other causes, are but too well known. I may have sown seed which will ripen into fruit, but this time alone will show ; but I am not without considerable hope. I spent (in this last trip) be- tween three and four months in unwearied efforts to succeed ; and if I have not achieved success, I think I have " deserved it," Digitized by Microsoft® 112 MEMORANDA. [1864. Of the one thousand shares capital stock of the New York Company deUvered to me in blank for distribution, I distributed three hundred and fifty in this State to bona fide subscribers, without solicitation on my part in any instance : the remaining six hundred and fifty shares I returned to the secretary of the company on my arrival in New Tork, last September, which completed my official duties, and dissolved all connection on my part with the company of every kind and description ; nor am I interested, directly or indirectly, in a single share even of its capital stock. P. S. — I have for years considered that Texas, more than all other of the States, needed railways. Without them her vast resources will not be developed for a century : with them she would, in a very short time, become the most important State in the Union — the common meeting ground for the mer- chants of western Europe and eastern Asia, and a mart for the commerce of the world ! Her rivers, it is true, are many, and penetrate far into the interior, but do not afford sufiicient water for the purposes of navigation. They wUl not do to depend on, even for local uses, much less as channels for a great commerce. Not until Texas has fifty millions' worth of railways constructed will she reach the point of a full development of her resources, and a full fruition of the advantages of her local position on the map of the world. December, 1854. {Extract from the '■'■National Vindicator," July, 1844.) "Anson Jones in 1835." [preface.] " In the history of our«separate nationality, we find the name of Anson Jones conspicuous among those who set the ball of revolution in motion, and nailed the flag of independence to every liberty-pole in the land. He was the author of the pre- amble and resolutions, which we present below, and which were the immediate cause 'of the assembling of the Convention at Washington — the Declaration of our Independence — the for- mation of our present Constitution, and the establishment of our existing Government. Unassuming and unobtrusive as he is in his intercourse with men, he was, at that eventful period which Digitized by Microsoft® 1836.] MEMORANDA. 113 ' tried men's souls,' and in that crisis full of danger and untold destiny to struggling Texas, calm, but firm and decided. With the eye of a statesman, he gave consistency to chaos, — with the nerve of a soldier, he performed his duty. He fought with the sword as well as the pen ; and in the camp and the cabinet, he has, under every vicissitude of fortune, stood fast by the prin ciples he avowed in the resolutions, and advocated in the meet- ing to which we have referred. These resolutions we shall in- troduce to our readers, with a letter from a gentleman of Bra- zoria county to the editor of the Austin City Gazette, dated San Luis, May 8th, 1841. " Deae Sir : — As you are publishing some very interesting sketches of the early history of Texas, I have copied for your use, from an old Brazoria paper, published about the 1st of Jan- uary, 1836, the proceedings of a public meeting which was held on Christmas-day, A. D. 1835, which are herewith enclosed. Af- ter much search I have been enabled to find a single copy of these interesting and important prpceedings, (which was in the possession of our esteemed fellow-citizen, James P. Perry, Esq., the brother-in-law of the late Gen. Stephen F. Austin,) and this was mutilated in such a manner that the preamble could not be correctly made out. I have therefore been compelled to omit aU but the concluding sentence of the same. The resolutions are, however, complete ; and a full list of the thirty-five citizens who in ' the time which tried men's souls ' were willing to affix their names to what were then, by all, considered bold, and by many, rash measures, is also given. Perhaps you will have it in your power, by means of the Gazette, to procure a copy of the preamble entire. If so, I think it would be an important acquisition to the civil history of Texas, as it will show the true grounds upon which the people of Texas (at least those of this county) thought it necessary to resort to force, and to a separa- tion from the mother country. The resolutions are energetic and bold, and the first adopted in Texas recommending the call of a convention of the people, a declaration of absolute inde- pendence, and the formation of a separate constitution for the permanent government of the country. " Subsequent facts are well known. The Governor and Council adopted the measures recommended by the Columbia 8 Digitized by Microsoft® 114 MEMORANDA. [1835. meeting ; and a call for a convention was made, which assem- bled at Washington on the 1st of March. The declaration was made to the world on the 2d, and a constitution framed, which was submitted to the people and adopted by them. "But very few were bold enough, on the 25th of December, to advise a measure which was unanimously deemed absolutely necessary on the 2d of March ensuing, so rapid was the prog- ress of our revolution. " With great respect, " Your obedient servant, &c." COPIES OF VARIOUS DOCUMENTS UNPUBLISHED OE OUT OF PRINT. DECLAEATION OF INDEPENDENCE. Proceedings of a public meeting at Columbia in 1835. Pursuant to public notice, a meeting of the citizens of Co- lumbia was held at the town of Columbia on Friday the instant. Josiah H. Bell, Esq., was called to the chair, and St. Clair Fatten appointed Secretary. An address explanatory of the objects of the meeting was delivered by J. Collinsworth, Esq., on whose motion the following committee were appointed to draft resolutions, viz : Wm. H. Fatten, Asa Brigham, Anson Jones, Edwin Waller, and M. C. Fatten. On motion, the chair- man was added to the committee, and the meeting adjourned until 3 o'clock P. M. The meeting having re-assembled pursuant to adjournment, Dr. Anson Jones, on behalf of the committee, presented and read the following preamble and resolutions, (which he advo- cated in a speech which was listened to with profound atten- tion,) when, on motion, it was resolved, that those who concur- red in the opinions therein expressed should attach their names thereto. [Part of Preamble, &c., is wanting.] — " for driving us from, Texas, and confiscating our lands and property. And Whereas, the original articles of com- pact and confederation between the different component parts of Mexico, as they existed in the constitution of 1824, have Digitized by Microsoft® 1835.] MEMORANDA. 115 been abolished, and another and opposite system adopted cen- tering aU power in the city of Mexico : " Therefore, Be it Resolved, 1st. That it is our opLoion, and we therefore recommend to the People of Texas of the different jurisdictions, the expediency of calling a new Convention 05 Texas with radical powers, and at an early period, to declare to the world the grounds upon which we wiU. act, and to make such other arrangements as may be necessary for our protection as a people. " 2d, Resolved, That the time has now arrived when it is necessary to declare the total and absoltttb Independbncb of Texas, and that the people are at liberty to establish such form of government as, in their opinion, inay be necessary to pro- mote their prosperity ; and that a call be made on the Govern- or and Council to order writs of election to issue for elections to be held for members as early in January next as practicable ; and the Convention to meet on or before the 1st of March en- suing. " 3d, Resolved, That the Governor and Council be request- ed to apportion the representation accordiag to numbers as nearly as may be convenient ; agreeably to the principles of the federative government of the United States of North America. " 4th, Resolved, That the Convention be instructed to form a constitution for the permanent government of Texas, and to submit the same to the people of the different jurisdictions for their adoption or rejection. " 5th, Resolved, That E. Waller, Esq., be requested to pre- sent these resolutions to the Governor and CouncU, and urge the adoption of the measures therein recommended." (Signed) W. H. Patton, Asa Brigham, Anson Jones, E. Wal- ler, M. C. Patton, Josiah H. Bell, Committee. The following persons, in addition to the committee, con- cm-red in the preamble and resolutions, and attached their sig- natures thereto, viz. : John Sweney, John D. Patton, Jas. Collinsworth, B. C. Franklin, John Foster, A. B. Smeltzer, G. Tenille, T. S. Alsbu- ry, James Welch, R. Bledsoe, J. T. Harsell, Thos. McDugal, J. Gordon, L. C. Manson, John Chaffen, Cyrus Campbell, S. M. Hale, C. R. Patton, D. Jerome Woodlief, B. J. Jyams, R. D. Digitized by Microsoft® IIQ MEMORANDA. [1838. Tyler, D. T. Fitchett, Jesse Williams, J. M. Phelps, P. R. Splane, Pleasant Bull, "Willis H. Paris, and G. B. McKinstry. The meeting then adjourned. (Signed) Josiah H. Bell, Chairman. St. Claie Paiton, Secretary. CoLtJMEiA, Deo 25th, 1835. [Note. — In accordance with the above preamble and resolu tions, (the first on the subject of a total separation from Mex- ico ever passed in Texas,) a convention was called for the 1st of March ; a constitution prepared, adopted, and submitted to the people ; and Texas declared a sovereign and independent Republic. The ball was put first in motion by " old Brazoria " (then caUed Columbia) at this meeting.] [Eeport on Annexation, April, 1838.] The Committee on Foreign Relations, to whom was referred a joint resolution on the subject of authorizing the President to withdraw the proposition of Annexation to the United States of North America, having had the same under consideration, beg leave to submit the following report : [Resolution introduced by me April 23d, 1838.] Texas, deriving her origin from the United States of North America, and allied to her by the strong ties of consanguinity, common origin, similar government, and langtiage, feels for that nation a deep and filial regard. So powerful has been this feel- ing, and so intimate has been the connection and the inter- course between them and us, that we have stUl thought and felt as if we were yet a part and portion of them. We have not realized the fact that ours was a foreign nation, that we had separated ourselves from them, and had once become a part and portion of the Mexican Republic. Reason told us we were Mexicans by adoption, but feeling still showed us we were in every thing else Americans, and descendants of the Anglo-Saxon race. Having been driven by military and reli- gious despotism to take up arms for the defence of our rights and Uberties, we have, after a sanguinary struggle, achieved a separation from Mexico, and established our independence. So soon as this was accomplished, we naturally turned our eyes Digitized by Microsoft® 1888.] MEMORANDA, ii>j from the nation who had so cruelly oppressed tis, to our mater- nal country. "We were few and weak, without an established government, and withou.t means, just emerging from a revolu- tion : — anarchy and confusion were threatening us. The Mexi- can nation was stUl breathing threats of vengeance for the dis- grace which her armies had sustained, and a formidable savage enemy was hanging like a cloud upon our frontier. In this con- dition Texas, fearing she could not sustain herself alone, almost xmanimously resolved to ask to become annexed to the United States, and the application has been in consequence made to that Government, but without success, or present hope of any. ******** [Note, February 5th, 1850. — I find this imperfect copy of a report written by me in April or May, 1838. It ended with a recommendation to authorize the President to withdraw the proposition for annexation. A resolution to that effect passed the House, but was lost in the Senate, (through mere timidity.) The reasons for withdrawing the proposition, were, that it had been definitely acted upon by the United States (Jackson and Van Buren) and rejected ; and that it would allay excite- ment to have it withdrawn ; and that its remaining at that time before the Government of the United States could be of no use, but was doing positive injury to the cause.] Notes of a Speech delivered in the House of Representatives of the Congress of Texas by me, in the winter o/lSSV-'S, on tlie "Bill fov issuing Promis- sory Notes of the Government for $3,000,000 or upward." Moved to defer the consideration until the amount of debt can be ascertained. Showed the importance of the bill. The finance of the country is its very life and soul — like the healthy circulation of the blood in the natural system, the political one depends upon it. The issue "^vill not stop at three millions, and the expenses of Government, army, and navy, will be increased. The effect of a large issue will be to depreciate the currency. You cannot relieve the necessities of the country by an issue of rags ; the country is not to be enriched by such means, but will be impoverished by the extravagance it will occasion. Property is the only standard of value, &c., &c. Increase the quantity of the circulating money, and every thing rises in pro- Digitized by Microsoft® 118 MEMORANDA. [1838. portion ; property rises witli the plenty of money, or rather, the money falls. If this be true of gold and silver, how much more will its eifects be seen in a paper currency like the present, based upon nothing but a precarious and uncertain foundation. It cannot go out of the country, and must fall, necessarily, to a par with the present price of government scrip, (8 cents.) Take all the resources of the country, and the expenses of the government must be double its income. Consequently the debt is increasing, and no means left to redeem the issue of from three to seven millions. Paper money must fall — will not raise the military scrip, but depress the civU ; increase the expenses of the government more than five-fold, half a dozen prices must be paid for every thing. JRuin must and will ensue. Ten or fifteen thousand dollars thrown away to make the paper look pretty — to gull the simple, and to sink the money stiU lower than at present. Will the soldier be benefited ? No ! only deceived. I respect the soldier, have shared his toils, and know his sufferings, and am more than willing to relieve his distresses, &c., &c. ***** I have clearly shown that the market value of this money must go down, inevitably, to 10 or to 6 cents. It is as plain as the sun at noonday. The author of the bUl knows it — there is his confession of distrust in sec. 5th. He is willing to violate the constitution, impair the obligation of contracts, and lead us finally to the enactment of " stop laws," made only to enable the rogue to swindle the plain-dealing honest man. * * National faith should be observed — it is the foundation of national credit — it is our best interest to promote it. Its de- struction is detrimental in the highest degree, injurious alike to the character, the honor, the welfare, and the ultimate pros- perity of the country. Our whole public property nearly has already been pledged ; there is only sufficient left unpledged to raise means upon to defray the pressing and urgent expenses of the Government. The country is in war, — ^vicissitudes may occur ; something should be saved to meet emergencies and for a " rainy day." The system proposed by this bUl removes all the previous pledges — leaves nothing, violates national faith, destroys credit, Digitized by Microsoft® 1888.] MEMORANDA. 119 advances the interests of unprincipled and unholy speculators. The scheme is worse, and a thousand times more ruinous than the bank. If this Congress dares to pass it, curses long, and loud, and deep, will fall upon them, and more than were ever heaped upon any set of men. We are sworn to act justly. For the consequences of this measure we shall have to answer at the bar of our own consciences, at the bar of our several constituencies, at the bar of our country, at the bar of the civilized world, at the bar of posterity, and at the bar of God. And how came this bill into the House ? who is its author ? who dared to pen its provisions ? Was it the intelligent joint committee ? Sir, it was conceived in darkness, and brought forth in secret. No one knows, or can know its father ; but whoever he may be, he has not, as yet, claimed the credit due him. And what, sir, are its objects ? What will be its prac- tical results ? Who will be its beneficiaries ? I will tell ! A land bill has just passed ! Gentlemen have " got horses," and now they come in for " saddles, bridles, and blankets," to ride them with. The " land " is secured in prospective, and now the dues must be got up and paid ? Poverty is the mother of ingenuity ; wits have been racked, brains cudgelled, the mid- night oil consumed, the Genii and the spirits of speculation con- sulted, and this bill is the result ! ! and if carried, the object will be accomplished. The Government dues can then be paid in " chips and whetstones " i * * * And is it for this we vio- late national faith, character, and credit ! Shall we " sell the mighty space of our large honors for so much trash as can be grasped thus '' ! The object of all this is small and contemptible ; the evils — the injury — ^mighty, immense, incalculable, endless ! The bOl of the committee possesses not one of these objec- tions ; it provides for a fulfilment of all previous promises. * * * It has been drawn up with great care after mature deliberation, and by the best, talent which this country pos- sesses ; this must recommend it to honest minds. * * * j have no views of speculation. My private and personal inter- ests are with the other, my duty and conscience with this. I win never yield ! I shall dispute every inch of ground, burn every blade of grass ; the last entrenchment I can find shall be Digitized by Microsoft® X20 MEMORANDA. [1842. my grave. * * * I giiall publish my course, my exertions, my arguments, and remonstrances to the world ! I shall call for the yeas and nays, and hold them up in the face of Heaven ! I call upon gentlemen to reflect. I hope and trust I am sur- rounded by men whose purposes are honest. Do not be de- ceived by specious appearances. This is a whited sepulchre without, but within it is full of corruption ! Save your country in this hour of her peril, and the blessings of thousands will be upon you ; betray her, and their curses will follow you to your graves. Again I call upon you to sustain the national faith and honor ! Your oaths, your consciences, your country, posterity, and God require it ! ! * * * * * [N"oTE. — The bill was defeated at the time, but passed the next winter, and all the evils of the Promissory ISote System which I predicted, came to pass soon after. The money fell to five cents, and finally ceased to circulate as a medium in 1841. The public debt was increased about five-fold by this unwise measure.] IN CABINET COUNCIL, FEB. 5th, 1842. Opinion of the Secretary of State on the Refunding Bill. The objections to the act for the redemption of the public debt of the republic of Texas are simply these : 1st. That it proposes the consolidation of a funded debt already consolidated with a perfect understanding with the public creditors. 2d. That it is a violation of an express contract of this Gov- ernment as to a rate of interest previously agreed upon after a full review of all existing obligations. 3d. After a solemn understanding in reference to this in- terest, and the period of payment by this republic, any devia- tion is injurious to justice and to public credit. 4th. Such a repudiation wiU be totally destructive to the public faith of Texas, and injurious to her reputation and that of her people. The measure of receiving the Custom-house duties in gold and silver is one of indispensable necessity / but if Texes post- Digitized by Microsoft® 1842.] MEMORANDA. 121 pone for a time the payment of either the principal or interest of her public debt, it must be with the distinct avowal, in the face of the whole world, that she holds both sacred, that she will neither vary the terms, time, or conditions ; and that she will pay' these in good faith the moment her resources, which are large enough for a mighty empire, are developed. Re- spectfully submitted by Anson Jones. City of Austin, Feb. 5th, 1842. [Endorsement. — I have always opposed the funding system in Texas. I opposed it in 1 SST-'S with all my might. I thought it would be ruinous at the rate of interest proposed, viz., 8 and 10 per cent. I never would have consented to more than three per cent. A. J.] IN CABINET COUNCIL, FEB. 1st, 1842. Opinion of the 8eo-etary of State on the modes of paying the Public Debt of Texas. The entire debt of Texas may be estimated at $8,000,000. Deducting from this the amount already funded, $2,500,000, there would remain $5,500,000, which may be called floating debt. Texas is not at this time in a condition to pay either prin- cipal or interest. It is no less true that its public domain of 200,000,000 of acres of land will furnish, in time, abundant re- sources to pay the debt. It only remains to make a wise appli- cation of these resources. The first duty of a debtor is to insure the creditor the future payment of the debt, to the fuU extent of the means he may have and possess. Now it is suflScient for the Government, at present, to proclaim to the world : That her public domain is a sacred and inalienable pledge to her creditors ; and that its product in some form shaU be applied to the payment of the debt in full, and that the incessent soUcitude of the Govern- ment is directed to this object. Such a principle, clearly avowed and invariably followed, would preserve the public faith in all its purity, and would prove that Texas, now so calumniated by its enemies, is still worthy the confidence and support of honorable men. This Digitized by Microsoft® 122 MEMORANDA. [1842. acquisition, upon the credit and upon public opinion, is of vital importance to the country ; for without credit and a sound public opinion, the poUtical existence of a nation is always in danger. Sustaining a deserved and established reputation for honor and good faith, the means of paying the whole debt naturally present themselves. Let us consider first the funded debt of which the interest is payable semi-annually. This interest can be paid in certifi- cates similar to the floating debt, as below. As for the floating debt, three ways are presented for its honorable liquidation. The first consists in calling immediately on all the holders of these liabilities, to present them at the treasury for the pur- pose of obtaining a provisory certificate of indebtedness. The term of three years should be fixed for this operation, after which the right to the interest which we propose to pay should cease on claims not presented. The year following, bonds should be issued of $100 to $1,000, redeemable in thirty years, and bearing interest at 3 per cent, per annum, with the privi- lege of using them under all circumstances in payment for the public domain. By this measure, the Government would gain fairly four years, during which it would have time to prepare its means of payment. There now exists a law to the effect that the lands belonging to the public domain may be taken by the public creditors at $2 per acre. From the necessity of realizing from its domain the means of satisfying its creditors, the Gov- ernment should cause to be surveyed in sections of 640 acres, say 500,000 acres of its best lands, in the most eligible locations, and these to be oflered at public sale at the minimum of $1 25 the acre, payable in specie or treasury bonds. It is natural to suppose that competition would raise the price above $1 25 ; for every bondholder would prefer a good section of land which he could dispose of forthwith, and in such manner as should suit him, to a bond bearing only 3 per cent, interest. By this system regularly pursued five or ten years, it is probable the whole debt would be paid off. Six or eight million acres of land taken from the public Digitized by Microsoft® 1842.] MEMORANDA. 123 domain of two hundred millions, and transferred to men of en- terprise, and capable of making them available, would be the result of the operation. In this way, the public debt, instead of being a national evO, would, in one respect, be an advantage. For the employment and occupation of these lands being a ne- cessary result of circumstances, would, by their force, call into activity resources which speculation would not otherwise seek out, until capital shall become more abundant in this coimtry than at present. The second means, equally simple, would attain the same object. The Government, to be consistent with itself, should sell its lands for specie only, fixing a price in accordance with the wants of the inhabitants of the country and their resources. These sales might be extended to Europe by means of agencies al- ready established. And in this case the entire net receipts from the land should be primarily applied in payment of the interest on the funded debt. ***** Tj^e excess would serve, on the 1st of January of each year, for cancelling the obli- gations or treasury bonds, at par, in specie, by means of a lot- tery, which would give an equal chance to every bondholder. In this manner the burthens of State would be gradually les- sened by the cancelling. And as the price of the land might, without danger, be increased as the system progresses, the can- celling would be more rapid in proportion, and the bonds would soon attain to a par value. The third means consists in authorizing, as is done in Eu- rope, the Secretary of the Treasury to purchase the UabiUties of the Government as he shall have means at his disposition. Whatever, in fine, shall be the manner adopted, it is evident the immense wealth of the pubUc domain furnishes the means of paying, without effort, the public debt, and of developing, at a time not remote, the resources of the country by works of pub- lic utility, and of building up a system of popular instruction. EespectftiUy submitted by Anson Jokes. Febritaet lat, 1842. Digitized by Microsoft® 124: MEMORANDA. [1841. m CABINET COUNCIL, DEO. 22d, 1841. Opinion of the Secretary of State on the Financial and War Policy of the Country. The country is absolutely without present means of any- kind : her resources are large, though prospective, but her credit is utterly prostrate. She has impending a floating, pro- miscuous debt of, say six millions, and a funded one of two and a half. Her annual income wiU not suffice to pay the interest on the latter alone, if it were all directed to that object. It is absolutely necessary that a Government should be sus- tained : our existence as a people depends upon it ; and the pres- ent income of Texas is not more than sufficient for this purpose, and with the sternest economy. But one course presents itseE The public debt must be postponed for the present, and the revenues collected in gold and sUver. The expenses of the Government must be reduced to a sum within the probable amount of these revenues. To obviate the great difficulty of the scarcity of specie in the country at this time, the revenues must be anticipated by treasury drafts or notes, to be received and paid by the collect- ors of customs, dues, and taxes, and to be receivable by them as an equivalent for specie. The issue of these drafts or notes should at no time exceed the probable income of a single quarter of a year ; but may be paid out again, from time to time, as they return into the treasury. The civil expenses of the Government can easily be esti- mated, and those for the defence of the country approxima- ted. Our policy, as it regards Mexico, should be to act strictly on the defensive. So soon as she iinds we are willing to let her alone, she will let us alone. The navy should be put in ordinary ; and no troops kept in commission, except a few Rangers on the frontiers. The Indians should be conciliated by every means in our power. It is much cheaper and more humane to purchase their friendship than to fight them. A small sum will be sufficient for the former ; the latter would require millions. Digitized by Microsoft® 1842-1 MEMORANDA. 125 By a steady, uniform, firm, undeviating adherence to this policy for two or three years, Texas may and will recover from her present utter prostration. It is the stern law of necessity which requires it, and she must yield to it, or perish ! She cannot afford to raise another crop of " Heroes." In the mean time, Texas must adopt some plan for the ulti- mate, just payment of her public debt, with the interest from the proceeds of her immense pubUc domain ; and she must de- clare to the world her fixed purpose to do this as soon as prac- ticable. But for the present she has to consider the question of " to be or not to be " alone ! and exclusively ! ! Respectfully submitted by Ajtson Jones. Austin, Dec. 22, 1841. (V. Letters, p. 172.) Resolutions drawn up by me on the subject of Mexico, and sent to our Minister at Washington Oily, to be presented in Congress of United States, 1842-3, {unofficial entirely,^ Whereas, The Republic of Mexico; having in 1812 thrown off the authority of the mother country, Spain, and by a most sanguinary revolution achieved its independence, and in the year 1824 estabUshed a federal government and a constitution for the safety and welfare of its people : And Whereas, Gen. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna in 1835, then constitutional President, did by force and violence sub- vert and destroy the established Constitution and Government of the country, and introduce Centralism in their place, and constitute himself sole despot and dictator, demanding the citi- zens to surrender up their private arms, and waging a war of extermination upon those who refused — ^first in Zacatecas, where all who opposed his wiU were indiscriminately slaughtered, and afterwards in CoahuUa and Texas : And Whereas, in the year 1836, he invaded Texas with a large army for the purpose of carrying his design into full effect, where, after committing a series of atrocious cruelties and mur- ders, until then unknown in the history of the world, he was Digitized by Microsoft® 126 MEMORANDA. [1845. finally met, defeated, and captured at San Jacinto, and subse- quently released and sent home by his humane and generous captors : And Whereas, subsequently, by violence and crime he again ascended to power, and, sustained by bayonets, trampled upon the sacred institutions and Hberties of his country, in opposi- tion to the wishes of the Mexican nation, who were and still are opposed to his usurped despotism, though they have not arms to resist it : And Whereas, this usurper of the rights of eight millions of people, governed by no principles and owning no obliga- tions, human or divine, continues to disturb the peace of the continent without just cause, and to endanger, by his unwar- rantable outrages, the quiet of Christendom : And Whereas, by persevering in a course of conduct so op- posed to the spirit of the present age, he can only be considered a monster whom it is the right, the duty, and the interest of civilized nations no longer to tolerate or endure : Therefore, Be it resolved. That in the opinion of this House, the Government established in Mexico by Gen. Santa Anna, founded in violence and crime, and conducted in opposition to all international rules, in contempt of humanity, and in viola- tion of the principles of the age, and being calculated in its con- sequences to disturb the peace of the American Continent, and the quiet of Christendom, ought no longer to be tolerated by civilized nations. Be it further Resolved, That it be recommended to the President of the United States to recall our Minister, now resident at Mexico, and to discontinue all diplomatic inter- course with this scourge to humanity, this disgrace to civil- ization. [^Indorsement. — These Resolutions are very ultra, and it was expected that, if offered at all, they would be modified by the mover to suit the views of a majority of the United States Con- gress. — ^A. J.] V. vol. ii., p. 222. Notes, for a reply to Hon. A. J. Donelson's letter of 31st March, 1845, transmitting to me the joint resolution for the Digitized by Microsoft® 1S45.] MEMORANDA. 127' annexation of Texas — for Mi-. Ebn. Allen These are to be re- garded as a mere outline of an argument only in part on the subject. Notes. — Ml". Donelson's Communication, 31st March, 1845. 1st. The matter has again to be acted on by Congress of the United States. The alternative adopted had not the sanc- tion of the United States : in some respects it is the worst al- ternative. The Government of Texas has not the power to amend the Constitution, except in the manner pointed out there- in. Texas (in the matter of Annexation) is passive, not active. She would equally advance the cause of "free Government" standing alone. She is in no danger from the " friends of a dif- ferent system." Texas can sustain herself. * * * rpj^g j^. dian policy of the United States should be extended over Texas in the event of annexation. Ask Mr. Donelson for the " guar- antees." * * * Will the United States msiat on the boun- dary of the Rio Grande for Texas ? Public debt of Mexico. Win the United States assume the ratable proportion of it, if Mexico should insist on it ? * * * TVUl Mr. D. stipulate that Texas shall absolutely be admitted if she accept the proposition for annexation? * * * The President cannot accept or reject the proposition. He will act in conformity with the publjo will. He must act with ptudence and cau- tion. Very grave considerations are involved. * * * He will hasten to convoke an extra session of Congress. * * % If Texas is so " necessary to the welfare, safety, and prosperity of the United States," they should give an equivalent for the boon. * * * Texas may well fear that, if the United States are close when wooing, they will prove niggardly when mar- ried. Mr. D. thinks the terms are hard, but thinks they will be made more favorable hereafter. The President sees no hope ofthis. ******* In Mr. Polk's Inaugural he expresses an apprehension that Texas may become a " dependency of some foreign nation." There is no danger of this. * * * * Acceptance on the part of Texas involves a " Revolution " of a modified or particular kind. If matters are not prudently managed, this may prove disastrous to Texas ; and if by any Digitized by Microsoft® 128 MEMORANDA. [1845. means annexation should fail on the part of the United States, our condition would be worse than before. AprU 2d, 1845. ^indorsement. — The excitement at the time prevented the contemplated and proper response being made by the State De- partment to Mr. Donelson — ^A. J.] Digitized by Microsoft® LETTERS, ETC., TO AND FROM ANSON" JONES. MOSTLY OF A PUBLIC OE SEMI-OFFICLiL CHAEACTEE. I"EOM 1836 TO 18—. ■WITH MT END0ESEMENT8 AND N0TE3 AT THE TIME. (See Files.) No. 1. [From Self to Dr. Ira Jones at Brazoria.] San Fehpe, Head-Quarters, ) March 29th, 1836. ) Deae Cousev, — The army is on the retreat, and I purpose remaining with it at present. Our force at this time is ten or eleven hundred ; recruits are daily arming, and I think we shall be able to meet the enemy in a few days. As it wUl be neces- sary for some persons to remain in the lower country, I wish you to continue at or near Brazoria as long as anybody stays there, or until you hear from me again. Very truly yours, A. Jones. P. S. — Please write by first opportunity. No. 2. [Same to the Same.] Saturday, March 19, 1836. Deae Cousin, — I start for the seat of war this morning. I think of nothing in addition to the instructions I left with you, except to repeat the request that in case of any accident you will take charge of the negro woman Sally, now at Mr. An- drews', and see that a proper disposition is made of her. I place her under your control, and subject to your order. Do not faU to write me occasionally. Very .truly yours, Anson Jones. 9 Digitized by Microsoft® 130 LETTERS, ETC. [1836. * P. S. — In case of tlie town being evacuated, I wish my trunk, writing-desk, and papers, sent to some place of safety. [indorsed. — ^Found among Dr. I. Jones' papers after his death.] N"o. 3. l^Same to Same.] Camp near Cummings, March 30th, 1836. Deae Cousin, — News has this morning arrived that the Mexicans have crossed the Colorado ; their destination is not known. Should it become necessary to evacuate Brazoria, I wish you to make the best disposition possible of my property there, my writing-desk, papers, and trunk particularly, so that their ultimate safety may be insured. Dr. Parrott goes express to Brazoria, and will be able to advise you of the best course to be pursued. I requested Mr. Pleasant D. McNeel, who went down a day or two since, to consult you in regard to the negress Sally. Mr. Andrews must either give her up or give a receipt for $600, or |15 per month for her hire, on account of the Es- tate of John Graham. I depend upon you to attend to my in- terests below the same as I should do if there myself. Please write me by the first opportunity. Dr. P. wUl communicate all the news. Yours truly, A. Jones. No. 4. [Armi/ Orders.] Camp on the Bkazos, April 2d, 1836. To Lt. Col. H. MiLLAED, SiE, — You will proceed forthwith to summon eleven com- missioned officers, who, with yourself as President and Anson Jones as Judge Advocate, will compose a Court-Martial. You will try private Scales of Capt. A. Turner's Company (B) on the enclosed charges. YouwiU make a record of your proceedings, and transmit a copy duly authenticated to the Adjutant-General. By order of the Commander-in-Chief, John A. Whaeton, Adjt. General. To Lieut. Col. Millaed : You will also try all other persons that may be brought be- fore the Court-Martial, and account as above directed. By order of the Commander-in-Chief, John A. Whaeton, Adjt. Gen. Digitized by Microsoft® * 18S7.] LETTERS, ETC. 131 [^Indorsed. — Private Scales and private John Garner were tried and foimd fftiilif/ of mutiny, &o., and sentenced to be shot next day, (April 3d.) Scales was pardoned on account of sup- posed mental aberration ; the other was marched to the place of execution, and the shooting party were at a " present," when a pardon was brought by Col. Wm. G. Cooke. It had a good effect : there was no more mutiny.] [JEVom Dr. Alex. Moing.] Columbia, Oct. 28th, 1836. Dr. Anson Jones : Sir, — I wish you to come to this place as soon as possible, and bring with you all the documents belonging to your de- partment. By order of the President, Gen. Houston. Tours respectfully, A. EwiNG, Surgeon-Gen. Texas Army. P. S. — I have some papers in my hands which belong to your department. There are many complaints entered against the department. I endeavored to rectify them with the Old Man ; your presence is required here very much. A. EwiNG, S. G. T. A. l^Endorsed. — I have been too much used to complaints from volunteers to be much troubled about them, and " the Old Man " had better get sober, and attend to affairs he knows something about.] [M-om Gen T. J. Rusk.\ Houston, 20th Oct., 1837. Deae Beothbe, — Tour note of yesterday, requesting me to deliver a eulogy upon our brethren, Fannin, Travis, and Crock- et, who have gloriously fallen in defence of our common coun- try, has been received. I will cheerftdly comply with that re- quest on Sunday week, business of importance preventing me from doing so to-morrow. I am truly yours, Thomas J. Rusk.- Hon. Anson Jones, House of Eepresentatives, Houston. Digitized by Microsoft® 132 LETTERS, ETC. [1838. [M-om Theodore Bennet^ Beazobia, Oct. 12th, 183Y. Dear Sie, — I acknowledge, with pleasure, the receipt of your favor of the 2d inst., and have shown it to many of your friends. The subjects mentioned as being before the House are certainly of the utmost importance to the country, and will, I trust, be disposed of in such a maimer as to redeem our national credit abroad, and restore order, union, and confidence at home. I notice with pride the appointment of one of our Representa- tives as Chairman of the Committee to repeal the Bank Char- ter ; for as the stain of originating it rests on us, the honor of wipiog it away should be ours. The propriety of reducing the number of civil and military ofiicers must, I think, be acknowl- edged by aU. * * * * * * I remain, very respectfully, your friend, Thbodoeb Bbnnet. Hon. Anson Jones. [From Son. Wm. M. Wharton.] China Grove, Eesidence of Col. Hall, 9tli Nov., ISSl. Messrs. J. W. BtJKTON and Anson Jones, — Galveston Island is advertised to be sold, as you know, on the 15th inst., for one- third cash. Now if sold in this way it will bring little or noth- ing, for there is no cash in the country. Had the terms better not be altered to three or six months or six and twelve ? In this way it will certainly bring five or ten times as much. * * God bless you. Yours truly, Wm. H. Whaeton. [M-om Gen. Sam. Sbuston.] (OOKITDENTIAI..) City of Houston, 12th June, 1838. Mt deae Jostes, — Hoping it may not be counter to your wishes and interest, I have resolved to appoint you the agent from this Government, for the purpose of procuring a navy in the United States, conformably to the act of this Government, passed in 183V. There has no circumstance occurred which Digitized by Microsoft® 1838.] LETTERS, ETC. I33 would render the acceptance of the situation unpleasant to you, so far as you will be concerned, or the administration. In the whole matter there is nothing connected with the politics of the day. God beep me clear of the heat of the natural as well as the political season. "When I see you, I will explain to you some things, harmless and at the same time amusing. You will doulbtless have to be absent for some nine or twelve months. Some time wiU be ne- cessary to ari'ange your private business ; so, come as soon as you can, and in the mean time let me know if the situation will be agreeable to yoti. It wUl meet the approbation of aU the members of the cabinet. Very truly yours, as ever, Sam. Houston. Hon. Anson Jones. [indorsed. — By express, soUciting me to take the agency for the navy, changed after to minister.] [J/'rotn Gen. J. P. JTenderson.] Pakis, Oct. 6th, 1838. His Excellency Mr. Jones : Deae Sie, — ^Allow me to congratulate you upon your ap- pointment to the ^stinguished station you hold, which I do most cordially, as a countryman, if not as a friend 9,nd acquaint- ance. How far I have a right to claim either of the latter, I am at a loss to know, as I have only been informed by our Gov-, ernment and through the newspapers that " Dr. Jones is ap- pointed Minister to the United States," and inasmuch as I know two Dr. Jones' in Texas personally, and have heard of one other. But however that may be, allow me to congratulate you. The last interview I held with Count Mole, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, gave me more satisfaction than I had received by any previous. I had urged him about the middle of August to give me a decisive answer to the apphcation which I made to his Government in June last, to recognize Texas, for the first time, and continued to talk to him on the subject, without urg- ing a definite answer, until then, when he informed me he was preparing a report upon the affairs of Texas for the King and Digitized by Microsoft® 134 • LETTERS, ETC. [18S8. Cabinet, which he would soon submit ; that when that was dis- posed of, he would let me know the determination of his Gov- ernment in that regard. I accordingly ceased to urge him to answer me until about ten days since, when I addressed him a note, urging to that effect. He replied by requesting an inter- view with me at the Foreign Office. When I met him I found him in 'a fine humor towards Texas, evidently more favorably disposed than I had previously found him. He then informed me that he had instructed the French Minister at Washington City to send one of his secretaries to Texas forthwith, to inquire into and report upon her situation, &o., &c. ; and that he could not answer my application decisively until they received the re- port of that agent. I expressed my satisfaction at the course his Majesty's Government had determined to pursue, as Texas only wanted to be known in France to secure her recognition ; that the only thing I lamented was the length of time it would take to carry out that determination of the Government. He said he had issued the instructions to the Minister more than a month since. He then asked me when I would be compelled to leave France. (I had mentioned in my last note that the time was near at hand when it would become my duty to go to another country.) I told him candidly that my instructions left it discretionary with myself, whether I would leave or re- main ; that my movements in that regard would be entirely regulated by circumstances ; that I was only anxious to learn whether or not I might expect France or England to recognize during the coming winter ; that if I concluded neither would take that step, I wished to leave for Texas before the winter set in. He then observed that he would be glad if I would con- sent to remain, at least for a short time ; that his Government would, in all probability, wish to make a commercial arrange- ment with me ; and that they would immediately consider of that matter. I replied that I would gladly remain, not only until that matter was disposed of, but that I would cheerfully remain during the winter if there was a probability, of France recognizing Texas, in the event her agent made a favorable re- port. He did not reply to the latter part of my observation ; and as I had determined to hold another conference with him expressly upon that point after he disposes of the commercial Digitized by Microsoft® 1888.] LETTERS, ETC. 135 matter, I did not press the point, or put it as an interrogatory. I told him that it was my previous intention to make a propo- sition to enter into a commercial arrangement, such as I had made with England, in the event I found his Government dis- posed to delay recognition, and that I would soon do it formally in writing. I have done so, and hope soon to complete it. Upon the whole, things look more favorable than I have yet seen them, and I confidently expect France to recognize Texas as soon as the Government receive their agent's report on the situation of our country, if France and Mexico do not settle their quarrel previous to that time. The Secretary of State in- structed me to say to the French and English Governments that he had instructed you to withdraw the proposition for the annexation of Texas to the United States. It wiU be better if I can say you have withdrawn it. Please inform me on the sub- ject. Send your letters to our Consul at New York ; he knows how to forward them. In great haste. Tours with regard, &c., J. PiNCKNET HeNDEESON. [From the Same.] Paris, Oct. 28th, 1838. Mt deae Sir, — Some weeks since I had the honor to ad- dress you a letter, but at that time was not certain that it was you that I addressed. A few days since I had the pleasure of receiving your letter from New York which gave me the first knowledge of the "Dr. Jones" appointed Minister, &c., &c. I am happy to hear that it is yourself. I gave you in the letter aUuded to all of the interesting news connected with my mission at that time. Since then nothing has transpired worthy of your attention. I have seen Count Mole only once since, but did not press the subject upon him, though I have been lately expecting an answer from him on the subject of the commercial arrange- ment. The Cabinet have been very much engaged of late in important domestic matters, and I suppose have not reached my communication. They have the reputation of being very dila- tory upon all business connected with foreign governments. Gen. Cass and Lord Granville have related to me several extra- Digitized by Microsoft® 136 LETTERS, ETC. [1838. ordinary cases of their tardiness ; and if I hear from the Count in four or iive weeks I will be satisfied. I am disposed to believe he is disposed to detain me here, until they hear more of their position in Mexico, and receive the report of their agent whom they ordered from Washington to Texas, as I informed you in my first letter. And should things continue unfavorable in Mexico, and that agent make a favorable report, I am satisfied Texas wiU be recognized by France before March next. I am not very anxious on the subject of the commercial arrange- ment at present, and therefore shall allow this Government their own time to dispose of my proposition in that regard. I am anxious to hear whom the French Minister at Washington has sent to Texas. I hope you will keep me informed of his move- ments, of the time of his departure from Washington, his ar- rival in Texas, and above all, his return, that I may urge mat- ters here as soon as his report reaches this Government. When will the line between the United States and Texas be run and marked ? What are your instructions upon the sub- ject of the navigation of Red River ? That is a very important ■ matter to our citizens ui that region. The exportation of their produce will, or can be more easily provided for than the im,- portation of goods. They may bond their cotton, for instance, in the custom-house in New Orleans ; but can you devise any means by which the Government of the United States would think their revenue laws could be made certain against smug- gling ? They will, no doubt, urge as a reason against any ar- rangement with Texas on that subject, that goods cannot be bonded for exportation and shipped up Red River into Texas, without placing it in the power of the merchant to land them on the United States side of that river, and thus avoid paying duty to either Government. And, indeed, I am not well enough acquainted with commercial matters to see how we can arrange the business so as to avoid paying a double duty, and secure at the same time the revenue of the United States from frauds. You will readily perceive that the United States alone has rea- son to fear such a state of things, as there is no danger of goods being smuggled into that part of Texas after having paid the duty in the United States, provided there is a means of getting goods in that quarter by paying the United States duty alone. Digitized by Microsoft® 1888.] LETTERS, ETC. 137 This applies only to foreign goods of course. It does seem to me that, according to the laws of nature, Texas has a right to the navigation of the waters into which Red River empties on to the sea. But the authorities are against us, and we must secure that right by treaty ; and now is the proper time, whilst public feeling and sympathy in the United States are in our fa- vor. They will soon (the South I mean) become jealous of our cotton and sugar fields. Please give me your views on the above subject. Your friend and obedient servant, J. PiNCKNET HJENDEESOIir. [M-om the Same.] Pams, Nov. 12tli, 1838. Mt dbae Sie, — ^I received with pleasure, a few days since, your letter of the 13th ultimo, informing me that you have, un- der instructions from the Government of Texas, withdrawn the application for her annexation to the United States. Being able now to inform this and the British Government of that fact upon official authority, it will remove one obstacle in the way of the recognition by those Governments. I fully informed you, a few days since, of the true state of afiairs here. Since that time I have received from Count Mole, the Minister of Foreign Afiairs, a communication announcing to me that the King had deter- mined to accept the proposition which I submitted to his Gov- ernment on the first ultimo to establish commercial arrange- ments between Texas and France, whereby the ports of the two countries should be opened to the vessels and goods of each other upon reciprocal terms. He communicated to me the terms, * * * which are, that " the vessels, seamen, and mer- chandise of each country shall be received into the ports of each other, and enjoy all of the privileges, advantages, and immuni- ties which are now enjoyed, or which may hereafter be enjoyed, by the most favored nation ; and that this arrangement shall continue until the matter is arranged in a more formal and de- finitive manner," (which latter clause evidently contemplates recognition.) The terms being as favorable as I could desire, I did not hesitate to accept of them without delay. All therefore Digitized by Microsoft® 138 LETTERS, ETC. [1888. that remained for me to do was to send in to this Government my adherence and sanction to the same. I did so, and the ar- rangement was accordingly consummated. This arrangement not amounting mform to a treaty, and consequently not requir- ing the sanction of the Senate, I was able, under the powers which I hold from our Government, to complete, the arrange- ment, so that it can take immediate effect here and in Texas. * * * The Count is not as cautious in his communications to me upon this subject, and in wording that agreement, as was Lord Palmerston in the arrangement I made with England. Lord Palmerston was so cautious as always to remind me " that, until England or Mexico recognizes Texas, she will be consid- ered as a part of Mexico, &c., &c. ; " but in Mole's communica- tions there are no such reservations. He speaks of Texas as a nation and her authorities as a government. * * * Tour friend and obedient servant, J. PlN^CENET HJENDEESOISr. [From, the Samel] Pams, Dec. 5th, 1838. My Deae Sns, — * * * .* * in viewing the English and French shipping in the different ports of the respective countries, I have been struck with the fact of the very large number of negro and mulatto sailors employed, par- ticularly by such ships as trade principally with the West Indies and the South American States and Mexico. Regarding, too, at the same time, the important fact that the whole of the slaves of the British. West Indies have been Uberated lately at our very door, I have been impressed with the importance of pro- viding in the outset, in all treaties of commerce which Texas shall establish with other nations, against vessels entering her ports, manned, in part or in whole by free negro or mulatto saUors. I regard it as a favorable circumstance that the first regular and formal treaty made by Texas with a foreign nation win probably be made by you with the United States, as I pre- sume that government will have no great objection to make the necessary restrictions upon that subject, particularly as many Digitized by Microsoft® 18S8.] LETTERS, ETC. 139 of her States are vitally concerned in the policy, and owe, at least, (South Carolina,) has passed a law with that view, which was defeated in its operation by reason of the great power vested in the President and Senate of the General Government in regard to making treaties with foreign States. It is the more important to attend to this point in the first commercial treaty which Texas shall make, as the terms of that treaty will govern all subsequent treaties in many respects. ***** * * * Please present my kind salutations to Mr. Catlett, and accept for yourself my warmest wishes for your happiness. J. PlNOKNIiT HeNDBESON. [From Mev. William Y. Allen.] Galveston, Deo. 19th, 1838. Deae Sir, — I remember my promise and will now fulfil it. * * * Congress met on the 5th. Mr. Frazier, the late chap- lain, died on the 9th inst. ; while he was sick I performed his duties, and since his death have been appointed in his place. I came down on Friday to spend the Sabbath here, and am now detained by a rousing norther, and know not when I shall get back again. The inauguration on the 10th was quite a pageant. Sam. Houston made quite a racy speech ; he stood up for his prerogative, objurgated the last Congress for not sufiaciently respecting it, and entreated the present Congress to treat his successor better. You know, perhaps, that he and the present Congress have been in a snarl most of the present session. The old chief has a good many fiiends yet, I think. I fear Lamar's friends have made pledges for him greater and more numerous than he wiH be able to fulfil, with all the aid of Coh B and Gen. J , and your predecessor. Gen. Memucan, to help him. At the ball which wound up the -grand affair 'tis said there was some excess of riot, and some shameful spreeing, towards the breaking of the day. One Hon. Representative, our friend from Jasper, had his nose pulled by a certain mihtary dignitary. * * * Burnet's address on taking the chair as President of the Senate was very sensible. * * * Rusk, as you probably will have heard, was chosen Chief Justice on the 1 7th ballot. He had 29 votes — John A. Wharton 19. Judges Birdsall and Digitized by Microsoft® 140 LETTERS, ETC. [1838. Franklia were also candidates. There seems to be considerable fears, perhaps not groundless, for the dignity and sanctity of the ermine in this case. ****** Yours respectfully, Wm. T. Aixen. Hon. Anson Jones, Washington City. {From Son. H. A. Irwin, Secretary of State.] Houston, Not. 28t]i, 1888. Deae Sir, — ^For official information I refer you to, my de- spatch of this day's date. Mr. Catlett's resignation has been accepted with regret ; we hoped he would continue, connected with the legation. Early in the session the President submitted the appoint- ments which had been made during the recess of Congress to the Senate for confirmation. That honorable body refused either to reject or confirm them, postponing the subject tiU the third Monday of December next ; upon which Col. Hockley, Secretary of War, Col. Wm. G. Cooke, Quartermaster-Gen- eral, G. W. Poe, Stock Commissioner, and other nominees who happened to be present, resigned. This extraordinary proceeding is, to say the least of it, an iastance of marked disrespect to the President and nominees. The nominees are highly respectable gentlemen, and certainly deserved some consideration. This Congress commenced by passing a resolution prohibiting the President from delivering his message in jperson, and has pursued towards him ever since the line of conduct dictated by the feelings and policy which prompted their first action. He has kept cool, and in return has treated them with dignified courtesy and * * * Hastily, your friend, E. A. Iewin. Hon. Anson Jones, Minister of the Republic of Texas, Washington City. [JFVom Son. A. Brigham.] Austin, Not. 28th, 18S8. Mt Deae Sie, — Your two highly esteemed favors of 8th September and 20th October have been received, and also the Digitized by Microsoft® 1888.] LETTERS, ETC. I4.I package forwarded by Mr. Porter. I will hand the pamphlets according to your request. I presume you see all the Texas papers, and can learn more fully and correctly the proceedings of Congress than I can tell you, as I am not able to leave the office much while they are in session. There appears to be much discord between the Presi- dent and both Houses of Congress, and not unfrequently be- tween the Houses themselves, all originating in a resolution whereby a committee was to wait on the President and inform him that Congress had organized and were prepared to receive any written communication he might be pleased to make. The President heard the word " written " in high dudgeon, and sent in a very short letter — ^import not to be mistaken — accompanied by documents that might consume two days in reading, — say- ing, that if Congress had not " prescribed the mode," he had prepared himself to lay before them matters of great impor- tance ; but now he should defer it for the present, and lay before them the documents from his subordinates, which would contaia the purport of his message, and at the same time evince that the trust committed to each of them had not been im- properly discharged. The Senate did not confirm any of the appointments made by the President during the recess of Con- gress ; as I have heard, deferred them tiU the new Administra- tion comes va. Of course Colonels Hockley, Cooke, Thruston, and Poe, have sent in their resignations. What will be the result I am unable to say ; but one thing is certain, if I am rightly informed, Lamar wUl " clear the kitchen " from the highest to the lowest, — consequently I am making every prep- aration to be in readiness. The President has been called upon, by a resolution from the lower House, to give his views on the financial system of the country. He has gone largely into the matter, as usual, and I hope will be treated with more courtesy than heretofore. ****** I have the honor to be, truly and most cordially, Your friend and obedient servant, A. Beigham. Hon. Anson Jones, WashiDgton City. [Note. — ^The disrespect had commenced on the part of Gen. Digitized by Microsoft® 142 LETTERS, ETC. [1839. Houston, who had been in the habit of lecturing and abusing Congress, and refusing copies of his messages, if they might be so called. The third Congress, as he was weU aware, intended to put a stop to this improper course ; and he wished them to give him an excuse for not sending in a message at the conclu- sion of his term. The fact was, and the reason of his wish is found in the fact, that the situation of the country was so hor- ribly bad that he dared not make an official expos6 of the (then) present, nor recommend any measures for the future ; and in- deed could not without covering himself with censure, and con- demning, in effect, the course of his administration for upwards of two years. Hence he quarrelled with the " honorable Con- gress," and they gave him the pretext for silence, which he so much desired. — ^A. Jones.] [From Self to Son. It. G. Dunlap.] Washington, May 6th, 1839. Hon. R. G-. DusTLAP, &c., &c. : SiE, ***** Having more than two months since understood that a person was appointed to supersede me as Minister to this Government, and not having then received, as I expected, a letter of recall to be presented to the President of the United States on my taking leave of this Government, finally I wrote about seven weeks ago to the Secretary of State at home, requesting that if a letter had not been sent as above, that it might be immediately done. As none, however, has been forwarded me either through you or the ordinary conveyances, I presume it has been the intention of the Government to with- hold it. This, iadependent of personal considerations, I very much regret, as a contrary course would have been in accord- ance with propriety and the usages of friendly nations, respect- fill to this Government, and is due to the character and dignity of Texas, in which I have ever felt the strongest possible interest. I shall be happy to have an interview with you as requested, on subjects connected with my late mission to this Government, and will be at home to-day at 12 o'clock for this purpose, if it Digitized by Microsoft® 1888.] LETTERS, ETC. 143 will suit your convenience to call at tliat hour. I remain, with great regard, your most obedient servant, Anson Jones. [JFVom Son. A. T. Burnley^ Philadelphia, Oct. 11th, 1838. Deah Sie, — Much to our surprise, regret, and mortification, at the very moment when we expected to close with Mr. Biddle for our loan, he has been compelled by the anti-Texas and anti- Slavery feelings of his board, to decline any thing to do with the Texas loan, on any terms, much to his astonishment and morti- fication. However mad you may be, say not a word about the causes which have unexpectedly produced our defeat. When I see you I will satisfy you they are the true causes of our dis- comfiture, and tell you aU about it ; but our policy requires that it should not be known that Mr. Biddle's board, for the first time, have controlled his wishes and intentions, especially that they should not be abused for it by us or our friends. We do not blame Biddle at all. He has yet the power and the in- clination to do more for us than any man in the United States. I spent an hour with him last night at his house, and had a very satisfactory conversation about the future. He means that Texas shall get the money in some way if possible. We are doubting whether to start for England immediately, or to delay a while to produce some results here. Biddle strongly advises the delay, and thinks the results can be produced, and will aid mainly in producing them. We are also trying to buy and fit out complete in all respects, for a cruise of six months, a first-rate steamboat, with a Texas bond for $120,000. This is rather exceeding our powers, but the necessity of the case induces us to take the responsibility, and I believe we shall succeed. * * * Can't you come on and see us, and give us the benefit of your advice ? Ought you not to call on Uncle Sam to keep his Indians off Texas ? the papers say they are going in there. In haste, your friend, A. T. BUENIEZ. Dr. Ansok Jones, Washington City. Digitized by Microsoft® 144 LETTERS, ETC. [1839. [From Hon. J. P. Henderson.] Pams, Dec. 28th, 1838. My Deae Sie, — Since my last, nothing has transpired here upon Texan affairs calculated to enable me to judge of future events. I still await the report of the Agent who has been sent to Texas, as well as the issue of the French demand upon Mexico with interest. I hope in a few days to learn from you the name of the person sent to Texas by the French Minister at Washington. General Cass, the American Minister at this Court, called on me a few days since, and in the conversation which passed between us, said to me that he had just received a letter from Mr. Forsyth, which informed him that aU difficul- ties would speedily be settled between the United States and Mexico — that they have entered into a treaty which had re- stored the best feelings between them ; and that although the United States Government could not directly offer her media- tion to settle the difficulties between Texas and Mexico, yet he thought he was authorized to say that no further difficMlties would take place between the two countries: which I under- stand as meaning that the Mexican Government has assured the United States that she will not again molest Texas. This you will see is confidential. WiU not the Government of the United States consider that part of the treaty between herself and Mexico (I mean the treaty of 183-) as stUl binding upon her so far as it regards her Indians, who are daily making inroads upon Texas ? Texas ought to insist upon her recalling aU of her Indians who have intruded themselves into Texas without the consent expressly given either by Mexico previous to Oct., 1835, or subsequently by Texas. It might readily be made to appear which tribe has, and which tribe has not such a license. I have been told that none have. The Government of the United States cannot justly refuse to accede to such a proposition. I learn that they (the United States) disclaim the Caddo tribe ? It matters not to Texas from whence they originally come ; it is sufficient for both to know that they recently resided within the territory of the United States, and claimed land, which land the United States purchased, and that they came to Texas from that region. Digitized by Microsoft® 18S9.] LETTERS, ETC. 145 They are perhaps the most troublesome of all the tribes. I in- structed, or rather directed our Ministers at Washington, when I was Secretary of State, early in the year 183 V, to insist upon the above point. In what manner that Government disposed of the application, did not appear when I left Texas, as her Ministers never reported upon the matter to the Cabinet or President. The Chamber of Deputies have been in session for ten days. Many think the Ministry wiU be thrown into a minority, and be forced to resign. The combination against them is strong, but I think they will be sustained. Please present me kindly to Mr. Catlett. Ti-uly yours, J. PmcKNET Hendeesoit. His Excellency, Anson Jones. [JFrom Son. 8. M. Williams.] Baltimore, March 11th, 1839. My dbae Sie, — * * j Jiave the pleasure to announce to you the safe arrival in Galveston harbor of the English barque Ambassador, and some pride in saying that this is the vessel which has sailed from Europe direct to Texas, and without doubt will be the first to convey a cargo from Texas to Great Britain, which I expect will form an item among the numerous crimes which I have committed, and the innumerable evils with which I have inflicted the country. It is probably well for a man to be notorious for something — and if not for good, why for evil. The Ambassador was towed into port on the 25th February, by the steam packet Columbia. Gen. Houston, and all the big men of Galveston, went out and escorted her in, and made quite a frolic of it. The captain was pleased to find that he had gotten among white men who spoke the English lan- guage. * * * If this country stumbles upon a contest with England, it will operate seriously for some time against the negotiation of our loan, for the capitalists of England have a vast amount locked up in State, and other securities of this country, which will be rendered unavailable during the exist- ence of the contest. Mr. Dawson is of opinion that Mr, Bid- 10 Digitized by Microsoft® 146 LETTERS, ETC. [1839. die win not have it in Ms power to render any aid to Gen. Hamilton. Please let me hear from you by the mail, and let me know what you have from home, and also your movements in pros- pective. Present me kindly to Austin, and accept assurances of my esteem. Truly and cordially yours, S. M. Williams. Anson Jones, Esq. p. S. — ^When in Philadelphia I shall adjust the affair of the bonds with Mr. Biddle, and will report to you the amount in which they are filled up. [M-om Son. J. P. Senderson.] Pakis, June 20th, 1839. Mt dbae Sie, — ^I received your last letter a few weeks since, announcing your intention of departing for Texas. I do not know whether to understand from it, whether you con- sidered yourself reformed, or whether you asked the Govern- ment to reheve you by appointing another. I wrote to the Secretary of State some time since, announcing my desire to be permitted to return to Texas this coming fall, and requested the President to appoint another in my stead who could relieve me by the 1st September, by which time I hope to be able to obtain answers from this and the British Government upon the subject of recognition. * * * j iiave seen and conversed several times with Mr. Pontois since his return from WasMng- ton. He told me that he had seen you frequently, and con- versed with you on Texan affairs. I was glad to find him so favorably disposed towards Texas. He informed me he had had a conversation with the king since his arrival in Paris upon Texan affairs, and that he told his Majesty that France must recognize Texas without further delay. The king is anxious to recognize, provided Mr. Saligny's report will warrant that step ; and from all that passed between the king and Mr. Pointois, I doubt not that France will recognize us as soon as that report is received, provided it is favorable. Mr. Pontois seems to think there is no doubt it will warrant immediate recognition. Digitized by Microsoft® 1839.] LETTERS, ETC. I47 I thiuk fi-om something which feE from him on one occasion that he has received Mr. Saligny's " first impressions " in Texas, and I suppose he j udges from that what will be the character of the whole. As soon as this Government gives me a decisive answer, I will go to London and urge the British Government to the same point. Mr. Pontois told me that he is convinced that the strongest reason which operates upon the British Gov- ernment, and mainly influences them to delay the recognition of Texas, is the question of slavery, to which I replied, that her delay, or the delay of any other Government for that reason, would not remedy the evil, (if they chose so to call it,) as Texas is in fact independent, and must continue to prosper, notwith- standing such unjust and useless delay, and that I could tell them once for all that Texas will never suffer a question to be discussed, in treating for recognition, which involves any part of her domestic policy. He rejoined that he could assure me that such was not the disposition of the French Government — that they only wished to be satisfied with regard to our ability to maintain our present position. I am sorry to learn that Gen. Lamar is not as popular as he was in the commencement of his administration. I have not learned the cause, and therefore cannot decide whether he is unjustly assailed or not. I wish it was otherwise, as our Gov- ernment at this time needs the assistance and support of its feeblest friends. I hope soon to be able to inform you of better success here and in England than I have heretofore met with. Truly yours, J. Pistckney Hendbbson. Hon. Anson Jones, Brazoria, (Texas.) \From the, 8ame.\ Paris, Sept. 2'7th, 1839. My deab Sie, — When I last wrote you a few weeks since, I had just obtained the consent of the French Government to treat with and recognize the independence of Texas. On the day before yesterday I completed the negotiation by signing a treaty with Marshal Soult, and on the same evening I was Digitized by Microsoft® 148 LETTERS, ETC. [1889. presented to the king as minister of Texas. The treaty is not precisely as favorable as I tMnk Texas had a right to expect of France ; but I hope, taking aU things into consideration, that Texas wiU be weU satisfied with it. I can assure you, my dear sir, that the terms are the iest which could he obtained at present for Texas. I was compelled to reduce the duty on two or three French articles, but they are such as are not used to any great extent in Texas, and therefore her revenue cannot be materially affected by it, which was the greatest object I was compelled to look to. I shall go to England in a few days and urge that Government to recognize or refuse, and give their reasons for so doing. I scarcely hope they wiU comply with my main request, inasmuch as Mr. O'ConneU has threatened them with his vengeance if they do recognize. That threat he made in a speech in ParUament a few days before it adjourned, and you know the present ministry of England dare not run counter to his wishes. ***** I am pleased to hear you wUl be in the next Congress, as I have no doubt you will be able to remedy many defects which now exist in our laws. * * * Hoping to meet you in Texas, I must beg you until then to excuse me for not again addressiog you, as I shall be much engaged. * * * i y^ leave here for the United States on the 1st November next, in the British Queen steamer. I remain yours, very truly, J. PlNCKNET HeNDEESON. Hon. Anson Jones, Austin City. \_Self to Son. Christopher ]Ivghes.\ Copy of Letter and Merrwrandum handed to the Hon. O, Hughes, OhargS d' Affaires of the United States to Sweden and JVorway, on his leaving on the " Siddons" for Stockholm. 'Sew York, April 24th, 1839. Mt deae Sie, — The good wishes which you have at differ- ent times expressed in behalf of Texas, and the promises of your kind oflaces m her behalf with your friends in Europe, are duly appreciated by me, and I shall take much pleasure in makmg them known to my Government. The recognition of Digitized by Microsoft® 1839.] LETTERS, ETC. I49 her independence by England and Prance are now only neces- sary to give her that national character, to which I thiak her sacrifices and her successful struggles have so justly entitled her, and which a liberal and enlightened policy should accord to a young nation possessing all the elements of future great- ness. The good sense of those who direct the councils of France and England must, sooner or later, convince them of the importance of Texas in a commercial point of view to both of those Governments, and I am satisfied that if they properly appreciated her present and prospective advantages and re- sources, no delay would occur in making that recognition. You, my dear sir, have it in your power, ia the course of your connection and fiiendly intercourse with many of the leading men in both of those countries, to give correct informa- tion in regard to these matters, and to disabuse Texas of many unfounded slanders, and consequent prejudices, which the press of this country unfortunately have given currency to. This I need not ask you to do, as you have already promised it in advance, and I only make these suggestions to recall the matter to your recollection on your arrival among your friends in Europe. Should your leisure serve, I should be happy to hear from you occasionally. Letters under cover to James Treat, Esq., of this city, will reach me in safety. With my best wishes for your happiness, I remain, with great regard, Your friend, Ahson JoNns. To Christopher Hughes, Esq. Memorandum Enclosed. — ^Memorandum for Hon. C. Hughes, &c., AprU 24th, 1839 ; v. letter of this date. Texas has now sus- tained herself as a separate and independent nation, de facto and dejure, for more than three, and has been virtually separated from Mexico for more than four years. She can never be resubjugated to the power of Mexico, nor is it probable Mexico will ever make an actual efibrt for this purpose, notwithstanding her threats, which are understood to be made by her rulers for certain effects at home, and to gratify the pride and vanity of her people alone. The war may be protracted -for years, but Texas can never be reunited to Mexico, nor would it be for the interests of either party for this to be effected. The people of the two Digitized by Microsoft® 160 LETTERS, ETC. [1839. countries are too dissimilar in every respect for them ever to harmonize under one government. It is much better, there- fore, they should remain separate. Were Mexico to drive the present population of Texas out of the country, (which is utterly impossihle,) the coimtry vrould be of no use to her, as it is not adapted to Mexican coloniza- tion, and would soon be occupied by savages from the United States, who would always be troublesome to Mexico, and might, sooner or later, overrun and subdue all her Northern States. Texas contains upwards of two hundred millions of acres of good land, much of it equal to any in the world. She has at least one hundred millions of acres of cotton land, and is capa^ ble, when her resources are developed — as they will be within the next quarter of a century — of producing enough of that great staple for the supply and consumption of the world. She has more cotton lands than all the Southern States together. She has, at least, fifty millions of natural pasture lands, well adapted to the raising of cattle, sheep, and horses, &c. * * Beef and wool can be raised cheaper and easier than in any part of the United States, and these must, in a few years, be- come immense staple products of the country, second only in Importance and value to her cottons I The range of country skirting the Gulf of Mexico, and for one hundred miles in average breadth, is well adapted, in its SOU and climate, to the growth and culture of the sugar cane. Texas wiU add the article of sugar to her staple productions, and export an immense amount of it within the next twenty- five years. To say nothing, therefore, of the other natural resources of Texas, her mines, her mild and salubrious cUmate, &c., it cannot, I think, be denied by any one, that she will shortly become an object of interest to European nations, who must perceive, upon a little consideration of the matter, how vastly important and beneficial her progress is, and may become, to their great com- mercial and manufacturing interests. Particularly does this appear to me to be true as it regards Great Britain and France. I need not specify the other respects in which her progress may be useful to the communities of Europe. Yourself and their Digitized by Microsoft® 1S89.] LETTERS, ETC. 161 far-reaching statesmen will not fail to perceive them without such specification from me. A. J. [From Hon. G. Hughes.] London, 10th June, 18S9. To Anson Joites, Esq., Texan Minister U. S. A. : Mt deae Sir, — The enclosed will prove I have not neg- lected my promise. With your own Government you are at liberty to communicate the enveloped, and to inform them of my willing and friendly interposition in their afiairs and behalf. But you wUl understand, and literally, that you are not to allow any person whatsoever, connected with my Government, to have any knowledge whatsoever on the subject. It might compromise me ; for, a diplomate who steps out of the bounds of his own immediate care and trust, commits a great (and cul- pable, with pedants, and such there are) irregularity. I have not yet seen Gen. Henderson. Truly yours, Cheistophbr Hughes. [Enclosed in the above.] [Extract of a Private Letter to Lord Palmerston.'] G. Ryder Street, St. James, Monday, 10th June, 1839. In confidence I enclose the memorandum of Mr. Jones, Texan Minister at Washington. I beUeve the views given iu it are just and true. With very many of my countrymen, I believe it not improbable that the day may and will come, and not so remotely as it may seem, when, instead of being subdued by Mexico, Texas will conquer Mexico. At all events, I venture to enclose Mr. Jones' memoran- dum, and to recommend it to your consideration, and to that of Lord Melbourne. The subject is really one of great and growing interest, and I don't see why Jbhnathan has not a right to nurse and dandle John's grandson. More in the fam- ily way I wUl not say. Mr. Jones is an exceedingly gentlemanlike, modest, and esti- mable man, and commands the respect and esteem of every one in the United States. I made his acquaintance last winter at Digitized by Microsoft® 162 LETTERS, ETC. [1839. Washington, and formed quite a favoralble opinion of him. I should think he may be the man sent here when you may take the view of the Texas question in London, that has, you know, long since been taken of it at Washington. A new "feature" has shown itself in this matter, and very lately, id est, several of our most prominent and able and valued citizens have lately become citizens of Texas, without ceasing to be citizens of the United States. They have in a degree espoused its cause and embarked its reputations in its concerns. I win merely mention Judge White, of Florida, and Gen. Ham- ilton, of South Carolina, and I assure you that there are few higher and more honored names and men in my country. However, I have perhaps said more in a case where I have no right to say any thing, than may be admissible, but not more than may be excusable, seeing the nature of the case, of my motives, and the kind indulgence with which you have long honored, your true and attached friend, Cheistophbb Hughes. To Lord Viscount Palmekston. \Lord Palmerston to Christopher Mughesi\ [PEITATE AND CONFIDENTIAL.] [Copt.] • London, Stanhope Street, 10th June, 1839. Mt deae Sus, — ^Thank you for your letter about Texas, which I have sent to Lord Melbourne. The subject to which it relates is important, but not without some difficulties. I send you a note to Lord Granville, (Paris,) and another to Lord Wm. Russell, (Berlin.) I am sure they will be very glad to make your acquaintance. Tours sincerely, Palmbeston. C. Hughes, Esq., &c., &o., &c. [peivate] London, 10th June, 1839, (Midnight.) To Dr. Anson Jones, Texan Minister, &c., &c., &c. Mt dear Sie, — ^I wrote you this morning, and by the same mail that wiU now take you this second letter of same date. Digitized by Microsoft® 1840.] LETTERS, ETC. 153 My first conveyed to you a copy of a letter I addressed to Lord Palmerston on the subject of Texas, agreeably to my promise to you (made at New York in April) to do what I could to serve your young and glorious adopted country. Withiu the hour I received the above answer from Lord Pal- merston, and hasten to transmit to you the copy. It will show you the spuit and feeling of Lord Palmerston quoadthe subject. From the " some difficulties " I augur weU and hopefully on the interests and futurity of your country. They must be fostered and promoted by the recognition of this ; and I really believe that that recognition wiU be soon accorded to you ; and more- over, I believe that if it were my lot to remain here a short time, I might be in some small degree useful and instrumental in accelerating and achieving this desirable consummation. As it is, I rather think what I have done wiU do your cause no harm. You wiU. see that I did not proceed and argue without my host ! I generally know my ground, and what is clear, I keep my promises. I shall like to hear that you have received these two letters ; you wiU obhge me by acknowledgiag them. Put your letters under cover, addressed to my agent thus : — ^To Mr. John Miller, Bookseller, 26 Henrietta St., Covent-Garden, London. I am truly yours, Cheistophbe Httghes, Charge d! Affaires of United States of America, Stoekholm. [Note. — ^This was among the first steps taken by me in that course of policy which ultimately led to a settlement of our difficulties with Mexico, the recognition of our independence by that nation, and our annexation to the United States.] {From Son. G. Mughes.] Stockholm, 24th March, 1840. Mt deae Sie, — The English mail is just setting out, and this must be a short letter in answer to a long and very agree- able and welcome one from you, dated "Austin, 30th Novem- ber, 1839," which I received to-day ! How it can have been so long on the way I cannot understand, for we have New York Digitized by Microsoft® 154 LETTERS, ETC. [1840. dates by to-day's mail to 15th February, 1840 ; it cannot be any feult of your fiiend Treat ! You had received my letters dated London, June last, through Mr. Treat, and you very kindly acknowledge the in- terest I had shown in endeavoring to promote an " object of so much importance as the recognition by England of your adopt- ed country ; " and I am pleased, my dear sir, that you should be convinced of my having kept my promise made to you in the United States in April last, to do any thing in my Umited power to advance this certainly " important object " in Europe ; and I am equally pleased that Gen. Lamar and Gen. Houston should know that I had done this. Tou go on to say that your recent accounts as regarded the recognition by England were favorable ; and that these accounts came by Gen. Hamilton and your "successful negotiator or agent at Paris, Gen. Henderson." Now, my dear sir, I am very glad to hear this from you ; for, since my departure from Paris on the 1st last August, I have had no direct news on the subject. But you do not say one word as to your accomplished recog- nition by the French Government in connection with the share I took in effecting that work ; and from your silence as regards France, I am warranted in beUeving that nor you, nor the Presi- dent, nor Gen. Houston, are accurately and fiilly informed of the details and history of that much wished for consummation of one of your great objects and interests in Europe, and for cer- tainty cannot be fuUy informed of my part in the transaction, or you would not have thanked me for the comparative little I was enabled to do in England, and leave entirely unnoticed the very effective much I actually did for you in Peancb. It is my wish, and I conceive it to be a Yerjfair one, that especially you (for it was my acquaintance and conversations with you in the United States that interested me in your cause, and induced me to give you the promise I gave you at New York on embarking for Europe,) that you should be fully informed on this subject, and also that your President, and the gallant Gen. Houston, should understand the matter. I include also in this wish Gen. Hamilton, for whom I have a very high respect. * * * "po effect this object, and by way of contributing something to the archives of your new and noble republic, (if it be thought wor- Digitized by Microsoft® 1840.] LETTERS, ETC. 155 thy of record in the historical records of your infant country,) I have written to my hrother-in-law, Mr. Samuel Moore of Bal- timore, to send addressed to your Secretary of State at Austin, Texas, my commimication to my own Government which I sent from Paris end of July, 1839, giving a full narrative of the share I took in effecting the recognition of Texas by the French Government. You or your Secretary of State will receive these despatches from Col. Moore soon after you get this letter. Every note and letter which passed on the occasion is contained in that communication, and you then Icnow and understand the whole history of your French success. The fact is, it was my accidental presence at Paris and my personal standing with several of the most powerM and influ- ential French diplomatists, (who happened to be at home, old colleagues of mine,) and my success through them in gaining the confidence of Marshal Soult. It was to these causes that we owed our success ; and I conscientiously believe, (and why should I not say what I believe P) that if I had not taken up the subject as I did, and when I did, Texas would still be unrecog- nized hy France. If I were to name the European to whom you are most indebted for the success, I should name the Mar- quis de Eumigny, now French ambassador at Madrid, with whom I have been on brotherly terms for twenty-four years, — the most able of French diplomatists, and the most cherished and confided in by the king. Proof, — ^he is at Madrid. Tour Government would do only an act of justice and of gratitude if they were to write by your Secretary of State a letter of thanks to the Marquis ; and if you have any Texan interests to advance in Spain, you will find a friend in my friend M. de Rumigny, (if he be at Madrid.) I hnow my conduct was disliked and disapproved of at Washington, and justly so. A diplomate is wrong when he meddles with business not his own, and out of his instructions. There is one obstacle to your success in England, and that is and you will find it so, insurmountable, [meaning for the present,] it is O'Connell. I shall be glad to hear from you. Write via London, (as before.) Tours, Cheistophek Hughes. Hon. Anson Jones, Senator, Austin, Texas. Digitized by Microsoft® 166 LETTEES, ETC. [1840. [^Indorsed — Note. — General Henderson, in his letter to me of June 20th, 1839, (v. p. 146,) speaks of the efficient aid he re- ceived from Mr. Pontois through my instrumentality. Mr. Hughes arrived in Paris ahout the same time ; and by their joint aid the recognition was accomplished, for up to this pe- riod Gen. Henderson had done nothing hy his two years' resi- dence abroad. This aid of Mr. Pontois and Mr. Hughes was procured mainly by my influence with them whUe at Washing- ton in the winter of 1838-»39.— V. p. 159.] [From Gen. James Hamilton^ London, Not. 6th. 1840. Mt deae Sie, * * * * I have only a moment to inform you that in point of fact I have procured the recog- nition of England, having agreed with Lord Palmerston on the preliminaries of a treaty last night, which I have no doubt will pass the Cabinet Council to-morrow. I have written the Presi- dent informing him. of this gratifying fact. With esteem, my dear sir, yours faithfully, J. Hamiltok. The Hon. Anson Jones, Texas. \From Col. James Z,ove.] New Orleans, 30th November, 1840. Dr. Anson Jones : Deae Sie, — I take the liberty of placing you in possession of some news that may have a bearing on the action of Con- gress. The difficulties which have existed between the central- ists and the northern provinces of Mexico have been adjusted. Ton wUl probably have heard of this, and the sacrifice and slaughter of our misguided citizens who were rash enough to put faith in a misguided Mexican, The Government of Mexico is making preparations for in- vasion, and in order to effect that object are concentrating their means and forces. General WoU has just arrived here from the city of Mexico, and sails the first opportunity in an Ameri- Digitized by Microsoft® 1840.] LETTERS, ETC. l^ij can vessel for Matamoras. He is to unite with Arista, and at once to place the forces in that quarter in a hostile attitude. They have vessels now building at Baltimore which are to be dehvered at Vera Cruz in the month of March, — there are three brigs and some schooners ; their agent is now in England, and having constructed a steamship for their service, it is ex- pected to be completed in March. All this intelligence I derive from a gentleman of high standing who is familiar with their affairs, and who beUeves they will make a movement upon us. We need not fear, and cannot doubt the result. And it should remind us, that whilst we feel very secure we may be on the point of danger. I enclose two letters arrived to-day from Vera Cruz and Yucatan ; they are to the Secretary of State, and probably give some iaformation of interest. I am in receipt also of a letter from Mr. Burnley of the 1st of November from London. The treaty of peace and recog- nition is under discussion, and agreed upon with Lord Pahner- ston, and no doubt entertained of its being effected, and, I sup- pose, is done before now. That done, the prospect of the nego- tiation of the loan is much advanced, and the probability is the whole of it will be taken — a part of it, certainly. Give us but one million, with a little prudence, wise legislation, strict ac- countability, and we may flourish and be happy. God only knows how we can get along without it. * * * * The contemplated action of Congress on the tariff, taxes, treasury notes, and the recall of the commissioners, has greatly affected our credit, and has had a serious effect on emigration ; the sooner the action of Congress is known the better, and 1 hope you wiU meet again in March or April. Mr. Burnley leaves London on the Yth of November for Texas, and you may look for him at Austin about the 20th December. I do not expect to have the pleasure of seeing you this winter, and hope your labors may result in good to our common country. I write you now because my situation enables me to acquire information not accessible to all. WiU you show this to my friends Smith and Pilsbury ? Very truly your friend, James Loye. Digitized by Microsoft® 158 LETTERS, ETC. [1840. [Self to Branch Tanner Archer.] City of Austin, December 9th, 1840. To the Hon. B. T. Aechee, Secretary of War : SiE, — I received your extraordinary communication of the 7th inst. by the hands of Major-Gen. Felix Huston, commander- in-chief of the Texas militia. I deny that the forms usually observed among gentlemen, " under the circumstances, rendered such a communication ne- cessary." The time which elapsed between " the notification to you of a civil department of this Government as Secretary of War and the date of your communication, and the daily and usual intercourse between us as gentlemen during that time, in my opinion, (and that of others competent to judge,) rendered such a course entirely inadmissible. Tou complain of no per- sonal wrong or injury which I have done you, nor ask of me any redress. I can therefore only regard your note as intended to make a gratuitous, wanton, and unprovoked attack upon me, and more in the character of a malignant assassin seeking life than that of an honorable gentleman demanding satisfaction for any grievance. The charge in your note that I am a plunderer of public property is as false as it is contemptible — facts well known to yourself. Tou may perhaps be the defender of public property, but you will recollect it was not by my vote, and I sincerely regret that the defence of my country's interest has not fallen into better and abler hands. Tour definition of the relation in which we stand is therefore incorrect. I will avail myself, how- ever, of the light thrown upon the subject by your note, and define it truly. You are the father of the " Texas Railroad, Navigation, and Banking Company ; " J the constant and efficient opposer, and one of the destroyers of an institution which I conscientiously believed would otherwise have proven destructive to the inter- ests and the Uberties of Texas. You were last Monday week a nominee before the Senate for the office of Secretary of War. I, believing you incompetent and unfit for the office, and in the honest and faithful discharge of a high and responsible duty as Senator, was unwilling to " advise and consent " to your nomi- Digitized by Microsoft® 1840.] LETTERS, ETC. 159 nation. You were the friend and strenuous advocate of James Webb last Saturday, an unsuccessful candidate for the office of Chief Justice of the Republic of Texas : I, believing him less worthy than his opponent, used my voice and influence against your favorite, and contributed, as far as these went, to his de- feat. J, the faithful and constant defender of the interests, the rights, and the liberties of my country, iu the field, in the coun- cils of the nation, and at a foreign court : you, the organ and BDXLT of an infamous faction, which have devoted the country to ruin, and seek, assassia-like, to add to it the ruin of my repu- tation and the sacrifice of my life. (V. letter sent by B. GU- lespie.) AifSON Jones. Extract from the National Vindicator of July ilth, 1844. [the "TEXAS EAILKOAD, NAVIGATION, AND BANKING COMPANY."] " The first Congress of the republic convened at Columbia in 1836, — gave to one company for speculation the town of Houston, to another the town of Galveston, and the balance of the country to the ' Texas Railroad, Navigation, and Banking Company.' This last was a mammoth scheme of speculation upon the country, which was detected and prevented by the in- telligence and firmness of Gen. Houston and the Hon. Anson Jones. A communication, written and published by the latter gentleman in the Matagorda Bulletin, in August, 1836, [Frank- lin,] first awoke public attention to the evils threatened by this institution, and proved in .the end a death-blow to its existence. " The charter for this company was granted to ' Branch T. Arthur, James Collinsworth, and their present and future asso- ciates, successors, and assigns.' Among the 'associates' who originally formed this company, we believe the only ones now living and in the country are Messrs. Thomas F. McKinney, T. I. Green, A. C. Allen, and Mosely Baker. (V. note below, 2d.) " "We believe that neither of these gentlemen has been, since August, 1836, the political supporter of Dr. Jones. Some of them have become his bitter personal and political enemies and persecutors." [Note 1. — Gen. Houston was rather late in " detectmg " the Digitized by Microsoft® 160 LETTEES, ETC. [1841. evils of this manimoth scheme of speculation, and in his " efforts" for preventing them. These would have been in better time had he vetoed the law when presented to him, and refused to sign it. He acted' with some " firmness," however, when " FranHin," in August, 1837, exposed these evils, and aroused the public indig- nation against their authors, and thus adroitly sheltered himself from the storm which his " associates " encountered. — A. J.] [IsToTB 2. — March, 1855, Gen. Thomas I. Green, in his printed reply to Gen. Sam. Houston's speech in the Senate of the United States on the subject of the " History of the Mier Expedition," states at pp. 57 et sequent, that Gen. J. P. Henderson and Gen. S. Houston, with others, held shares in the " Texas Railroad, Navigation, and Banking Company," amounting to one-sixteenth" each, some of which shares had been sold at $20,000 ; that Gen. Houston was induced, as President of Texas, to approve and sign the act of incorporation in consequence of this ownership of a share, and at a late period offered the share to Hon. B. T. Archer for |4,000, which offer Archer declined, &c., &c. — ^A. J.] [From Gol. J. N. Moreland and Ot'hers.\ Houston, 1'Ca. August, 1841. Doctor AifSON JomES : Deae Sie, — Tour esteemed favor of 31st ult., for Mr. Johnson, is duly at hand, and contents noted with particular attention. We are sorry to say we do not coincide in opinion with you in regard to withdrawing your name from the present canvass for the Vice-Presidential election, and much less relative to our coming to an honorable and just compromise with the friends of the other two candidates, (Gen. Edward Burleson and Gen. Memucan Hunt ;) such amalgamation is equal to that of oU and vinegar. After the receipt of your said communication, we met and interchanged our opinions on the subject mentioned therein, and we find no reasonable excuse for your positions assumed in your said letter ; and much less for that part relating to pecu- niary means ; for " where there's a will there's a way." Tour doctrine of not making an electioneeiing tour through the Digitized by Microsoft® 1S41.] LETTERS, ETC. 161 country is not tenable ; at least at present in Texas. * * * The position Texas now occupies is that of a people, free, un- shackled, and untrammelled, by the influence of any clans ; hut it is nevertheless absolutely necessary for a candidate to make a tour, especially in the populated and commercial points, inas- much as the population is a transient one ; and much as you may be known in your own and other countries, yet the present population of this city, in its great majority, does not know you (personally.) The result of the iaterchange of our opinion is (to request) that you make some suitable arrangements at home, both in a pecimiary and domestic point of view, to leave your peaceful fireside, and to come without delay to this place, where, after a few days' stay, a personal interview with your friends and inter- change of opinion, will dictate the course necessary to be pur- sued to carry out our point, " a tout prix." The press — per- sonal services, industry and labor, and pecuniary means — * * all wUl be necessary to be called into requisition. You have some very warm friends here, some not so very, and some who do not know yoix at all, personally, but by reputation. Your presence will unite all, and a united, strong puU, wiU carry the point without faO. You must arise from your lethargy — * * there are many who are of opinion that you care not for the office, because you will not say or do any thing to insure your election. * * * In regard to pecuniary means, we, in com- mon with you, are afflicted with the same disease, (poverty.) Yet, if we can do any thing for you on your arrival here by way of " anticipation," we will cheerfully do so, even if it should be with some sacrifice. Some arrangement may be made with the Houstonian to put your name at the head of his columns ; * * * and although we deprecate, in common with you, " Talia augilia and defensores istos," yet the time and circum- stances require it. * * * * We are very truly yours, Thos. G. Westben, J. N". Moeelajstd, , F. R. Lubbock, Geoege Fishee, and A. EwrcTG. [^Endorsed. — I have received probably a hundred or more 11 Digitized by Microsoft® 162 LETTERS, ETC. [1841. letters similai' to this, urging me to make an electioneering tour through Texas. The sacrifice is too great. I do not wish the office ; I have not the means to spare ; and if I had, I am op- posed '■'■toto crnlo''' to such a course. Propriety, therefore, re- quires me to decline.] [From James JBurke.} Extracts from Ms Letters of June Uh, and August Wth and Uth, ISil, from Montgomery and City of Houston. June 6th. Hon. Anson Jones : Deae Sie, — I have seen with much pleasure your name an- nounced for the Vice-Presidency, and I can sincerely say you have my decided preference before any other candidate before the people. * * * Now I am a friend of Gen. Burleson, and entertain towards him the kindest feelings, but reaUy I should dislike to see him in the Vice-President's chair, because of his great want of qualifications. You have friends in the East and throughout the country who highly appreciate your talents and moral worth, and who will support you ; but you are not sufficiently known among the common people, for the simple reason that you have never fought a hattle ! i. e., you are not distinguished as a military chieftain, * * * Would it not be well for you to travel through the eastern counties, and mingle freely with the people ? * * * The present condition of the United States teaches us the importance of making a wise choice in relation to the Vice-Presidency ; and particularly, as owing to the habits of the individual (Gen. Houston) who wiU, in aU probability, be elected President, it js quite probable he wUl not survive during the term. I assure you, that although a humble — ^very humble — citi- zen of the republic, I feel a deep interest in the welfare of our rising country, and am solicitous to have our offices filled with our ablest and best men. I shall probably continue my peregrinations through the republic during the present summer. It will give me* much pleasure to advance your political views. * * * August 10th. Some time since I wrote you two communications to Aus- Digitized by Microsoft® 1841.] LETTERS, ETC. Ig3 tin, since which I have found your residence is Columbia. I have since that travelled considerably between Trinity and Colorado, and through the counties bordering on those rivers, and it gives me pleasure to inform you, that throughout that section of country, your prospects are good. * * * The greatest obstacle in your way is your want of acquaintance with the people. * * * i think it all-important that we have an able Fi'ce-President. I think you should yet address a circular setting forth your views upon political subjects to the people. *****# August 14th. All that is wanting for your success, is that you should be- come known to the mass of the people ; for although all the reading part of our people have aU heard of you through the papers, yet it is a truth deeply to be regretted, that a large majority of our feUow-citizens do not belong to that class. I would again recommend, and would even venture to urge, that you issue a circular, and have it published in all the papers of the republic, setting forth your political views, and the leading measures .you would advocate. * * * Tours, respectfully, James Btteke. [Endorsement. — This is but the echo of opinions which have come up to me from aU parts of the country, and from men of all parties. — ^A. J.] [From W. S. S. Johnston, Esq.] HonsTON, 'Zth August, 1841. Hon. Assos Jones : Deak Sie, — ^With this will be handed you a letter from some of your friends in this place, and the expression of my sentiments would be a repetition of nearly the same words. I was present with the persons in consultation, and can say I never saw persons more zealous in any cause than they appeared to be in yours. * * * I am authorized to say to you for Col. Fisher, that any thing he can do towards forwarding your election in a pecuniary point of view, will be done with pleasure ; (and you know he is not slow.) I advise you to come over by Digitized by Microsoft® 164 LETTERS, ETC. [1841. all means, and see them ; I am confident you will not regret it. Since I arrived here, I have seen persons from Montgomery, Jefferson, and Jasper, who have given me great encourage- ment in regard to your popularity in those counties. Tou have warm friends, and it only requires a slight exertion on your part in the East to ensure your election. I could say much to encourage you, but it is late in the evening, and the boy is waitiBg to start, and I have a letter to write to Mr. Cloud, and some business to attend to. With the confident hope that you will visit this place immediately, I will bid you adieu. Wishing you health and prosperity, Truly yours, Wm. Henet H. Johnston. \From, Gen. J. P. Henderson.] San Augustine, June 15th, 1841. Mt dbae Sie, — * * * J must advise you without delay to visit the East. My good friend Hunt has been here, and, I can assure you, has made many friends and voters for himself Tou know sufficiently well the effect the presence of a candidate has on the sovereigns ; therefore you should come to the East if you wish to have an equal chance ; moreover, a majority of the active politicians in this quarter have been busily engaged heretofore in anticipation of this event in giving currency to the report that you have in all cases, since our ex- istence as a nation, shown yourself to be opposed to the inter- est of the East, and disposed to excite sectional feelings between the west and centre against the east. I have endeavored on all occasions, more especially last summer and fall, when the public miad was being prepared to nominate candidates for Vice-Presi- dent, to resist that impression, but have not been successful, chiefly because our own people, I think, entertain themselves something of that disposition, and therefore are more ready to fix it upon others. Moreover, I have been met by those who could say to me that I have not had the same opportunity to know your disposition in that regard, as they who have been constantly in the country with you. I am satisfied that you have not exhibited more of sectional feeling than others who Digitized by Microsoft® 1841.] LETTERS, ETC. 165 accuse you — perhaps you have much less ; but still the belief is prevalent here, and unless you come and see the people, and talk with them on general matters, they will continue to believe so, and you will be badly beaten in this quarter. I wish to see you, and say many things verbally which I cannot write. Yours, very truly, IlENDBESOisr. Hon. Anson Jones, Senator, Austin. [Note. — Gen. Henderson is correct. I was never opposed to the interests or welfare of the east any more than of the middle or west. I was never sectional in my feelings or course. My object was, and is, and ever wiU be, to promote the best interests and the highest good of all — all sections of Texas. My position as a citizen of middle Texas, enables me to be per- fectly impartial as between the east and the west, and my dis- position and my wishes accord with my local position. The cry about my opposing the East arose in 1839-'40, when I re- sisted a division of the Supreme Court. I did this because I knew the proposed division was entirely unconstitutional, and I deemed it my sworn duty to oppose an infraction of the Con- stitution. It was a favorite measure in the East, and my oppo- sition defeated the bill in the Congress of 1839, and in that of 1840, or at least its defeat was attributed to my opposition. But my only object was to protect and defend the Constitution. This is the only instance, as I know of, in which I was accused of being opposed to the East. It was the opinion of all our ablest jurists, that the division of the Supreme Court, as pro- posed, was unconstitutional, and the opinions of several were given to that effect in writing, and not a single opinion, as I know of, was given to the contrary. Gen. Rusk declined giving an opinion when asked. After I left Congress, and in 1841-'2, the bill was passed, and signed by Gen. Houston. To show that I was right all the time, I refer to the decision of the Supreme Court of Texas. That body unanimously (I believe) decided the law to be unconstitutional, and it became a dead letter, and the judgment was acquiesced in everywhere. It was for doing simply my duty, and regarding my oath of office as a Senator, that I was ostracized by certain men in the East. — A. J.] Digitized by Microsoft® 166 LETTERS, ETC. [1841. [From G. K. Teulon, Esq.] Austin, 26th May, 1841. Hon. Anson Jones : Deak Sib, — * * * i have waited long and anxiously to hear from you, especially after having heard it reported that on your way down, at O. J.'s, at San Felipe, after con- versing with him, you decided on not running. This, in a measure, nonplussed me. I knew not what to do, whether run you to mast-head or not. Governor Smith's letter, how- ever, to the Houston Committee, decided the point, and I imme- diately gave your banner to the breeze, as you will see per to- day's paper. * * * Do bestir yourself, visit the East, and at least show yourself; tell them in the West that " Richard's himself again." Buckle on your armor, and take the field. * * * Believe me to be yours, very truly and sincerely, George K. Teulon. [From the Same.] Austin, Oct. Yth, 1841. Dr. Anson Jones : Deae Sir, — I cannot permit the present opportunity to pass without dropping you a Une. Houston is elected by about majority, and Burleson by about 1,000. * * * I have been requested by several of the old General's friends in and about these parts, to ask of you, as a particular favor to them, and as a duty you owe your country, that you will use your personal and political influence with the General to have soter, honest, and practical men in his cabinet. (I wish you may be there.) Most of the weU-wishers of Houston are of the opinion that he wiU appoint H to the War Department. Now he is, as you know, altogether antiquated and visionary in his notions. He is, I believe, attached to H ; but that is not enough ; the country expects something more — it looks for an economical cabinet — for the appointment of men of en- ergy, of business habits — ^men who wiU curtail every possible expense in their department. Now you have as much, if not more influence over him than any other man ; as such, I con- jure you to use it, not to oppose Hockley or any other person. Digitized by Microsoft® 1841.] LETTERS, ETC. 167 but to persuade Houston to two things : 1st. Against the ex- clusive appointment of Eastern men, as this would make the West jealous ; and 2d. To, as I before stated, the appointment of steady, energetic men. Let him do this, and his cabinet will possess the confidence of the whole people, and he will be- come more popular than ever. * * * _^ Houston's friends here have been, and are straining every nerve to effect a recon- ciliation between the two generals, (Houston and Lamar.) No obstacles will be thrown in the way by Lamar, and I wish I could gain your valuable assistance with the others. * * * Believe me to be yours, very truly, Geoege K. Tbulon. [Midorsement. — A reconciliation between the two generals is impossible. The other requests I vsdll try to comply with. — A. J.] [From Gen. Sam. JBbuston.] Cut of Houston, 24thlirov., 1841. Deah Joiras, — ^When I came here, I was about to send over for you, if you could come, so as to have a personal inter- view with you. I then heard you would be, as you then were, at Austin. Now all this preface is, to ask you if you wiU be so good as to accept the station of Secretary of State. I hope you wiU find it agreeable. Should you do so, I wUl assure you that you wUl find worthy associates in the cabinet. Though my plan, since I first thought of whom I wished to compose the cabinet, has undergone a slight change, yet you were always embraced in the plan. Don't say you are " poor." I am — all are so ! The' officers shall have salaries, and in good money. It can be done — and shall be done ! ! ! I will try and be in Austin by the 6th or 1th proximo. Be pleased to salute our friends, and when we meet I will amuse you, by laying open a world of wonders, some of them at least amusing. Thy friend, truly, Sam. Houston. Doctor Anson Jones, Austin. [Midorsement. — The pledges contained in this letter were subsequently violated. Digitized by Microsoft® 168 LETTERS, ETC. [1841. Hon. K. L. Anderson urges me personally to accept, and promised in that event to take the Treasury Department. His persuasions, more than any other man's, induced me to accept ; but at the close of the session of Congress, Gen. Houston gave the office to another, and it soon became vacant. — A. J.] [From the Same.] Executive Department, Austin, Dec. 14tli, 1841. The President requests the Hon. Anson Jones, at his ear- nest convenience, to take charge of the Department of State of the Republic of Texas, and to proceed to the organization and discharge of the duties thereof, the business of the Department requiring early attention. I have the honor to be, very respectfully. Your obedient servant, Sam. Hottston^. [From Amman Underwood, JEsg.J Columbia, Dec. 20th, 1841. Doct. Anson Jones : Deae Sir, — I learn, with much regret, that there is a prob- abiUty of your accepting an office in the cabiaet. I can only say that you must be governed in so doing by feelings of pateiot- ISM, not of iNTEEEST. A widc field is open for your professional skill here, in the rich county of Brazoria, which your reputation would turn to the best account. I do assure you I am also somewhat selfish in wishing you to make your permanent resi- dence among us. * * * Please wiite me and inform me relative to your future intentions, to taking office, &c. I remain your friend, &c., A. Undbewood. [Midorsement. — Of course $1,500 in Texas money could not be much inducement for a man to leave a lucrative practice. The salary of Secretary of State, when reduced to par funds, would not more than pay a negro's hire.] Digitized by Microsoft® 1842.'' LETTERS, ETC. 169 [From A. C. Hyde, Esq?^ City op Austin, May 2'7th, 1841. Doct. Jones ; Deae Sie, — * * * Every thing here is alive with the Santa Fe expedition, which will probably start about the 10th, and cost the Government about half a million. Things are get- ting on worse than ever in the departments, they paying no attention to any of the acts of Congress. It is an awful state ' of things that our Government should be in the hands of such men. They have sent to New Orleans for another half million of the notes, which are to be given out before the next Congress meets, in addition to what may be collected, &c., &c. * * * Yours, &c., A. C. Hyde. \Endorse7ne,nt. — ^The Santa Fe expedition was not only un- authorized by Congress, but, in effect, positively inhibited. I voted against it on aU occasions, and the project received but few votes. The appropriations for its expenses were made with- out the authority of law, and by the despotic exercise of execu- tive power, which no monarch would have dared venture upon in these times. This Administration wiU be described by the poet in two lines, as " a chase of silly hopes and fears, begun in folly, closed in tears." — ^A. J.] \From Son. James Iteilly.'\ Leoation of Texas, June ITth, 1842. Dr. Anson Jones : Deae Sie, — On the 14th of May I addressed a note to the Department of State upon the subject of a draft for $1,200, drawn by me upon James Erwin, Esq., of New Orleans, and which was due on the 9th instant, and requesting that funds would be placed there to meet it. No reply has been made to my letter. You will confer a great favor if you will let me know the determination of the Government in regard to my requests. I have money enough to keep me, with economy, about five weeks ; after that, should I receive no money, and my draft remain unpaid, the Texas Legation must " go by the board," for in debt I never will plunge. Please take this mat- Digitized by Microsoft® 170 LETTERS, ETC. [1842. ter in consideration, and let me know speedily if any money is to be advanced, and if so, how and when. On the 1st of July I trust to hear from you. You mus^ think me importunate ; but having been here yourself, and knowing the expenses of liv- ing, and the necessity of a genteel appearance, you can appre- ciate my feelings. President Houston, I perceive, has issued his proclamation .convening Congress on the 2'7'th inst. War or no war, I sup- pose, is the question. We can get men, but no money, for in- vasion. Our friends think the measure impolitic. The excite- ment is doing us great injury here. Men with property will not now emigrate to Texas. They know Mexico to be utterly powerless, and dread the result of the excitement. They think us partaking too much the revolutionary character of the Mex- icans. The excitement of war against Mexico, and the late movements, and the dissensions between the Executive and the people, have completely destroyed aU hopes or expectations or probabilities on one point, which I was instructed to press and watch. Texas will now have to stand alone. * * * Please write me soon, and believe me ever yours, Jambs Reillt. \jEndorsed. — God knows I have done all that was proper in opposing the President's war movements, his call of Congress, and his eternal dissensions with Congress and the people. I have paid Major ReiUy every doUar I could, but I cannot coin money, and Texas has no credit. — A. J.] [From the President.l Executive Department, ) City oe Austin, Feb. 5tli, 1842. ) To the Hon. Anson Jones, Sec'y of State : SiE, — Tou have leave to absent yourself from Austin until such time as you can arrange your private affairs, so as to give attention to the duties of your office. I have the honor to be your obedient servant, Sam. Houston. \_Endorsed.—\?,^5. "TheHegira" from the cityof Austm. Digitized by Microsoft® 1842.] LETTERS, ETC. |7J^ Gen. Houston has never been back since tbe within was sign- ed.— A. J.] [From Joseph Waples, Esq., Chief Clerk, State Department^ Austin, 13th Feb., 1842. Sir, — I avail (myself) of the opportunity by the express to wi-ite a line, though unable to give you much news. All busi- ness in the department has been suspended for the week past, except placing the archives in secm-ity, which was done by bury- ing them imder the Post-office Bureau, but from the present prospect we shall in a day or two have them taken up and re- fixed in their proper places in the department, or on the road to the lower country, the latter of which I think the most advis- able. We only buried the records and uncopied letters and papers, thinking that if the place was taken, they (the Mexi- cans) would suppose by finding so many papers and documents in their arranged situation in the various offices, that they had got aU the archives of the Government, and would not likely look for any thing hidden. We are every moment looking for an express from the President, or himself in person. I presume Col. Hockley has given all the war news. Gen. Burleson is about to start for the West to join the troops from the lower counties, in Bexar, determined, as the ball is in motion, to keep it rolling to some purpose. Hall (clerk in the department) is attached to a company here, which wUl remain in this place. Mr. Miller was this morning elected captain of it in the place of Tom Green resigned. Tours with respect, Joseph Waples. Hon. Anson Jones, Galveston. [From the Same.] At Mb. Jones', Saturday, April 9th, 1842. Hon. Anson Jones : SiE, — I anticipated your instructions to repair to Houston, which I received yesterday fifteen miles from here. I left Austin last Tuesday, expecting to arrive at Houston to-day ; but finding the roads very bad and heavy, has retarded my progress some- what. I have the "Geeat Seal" and the " Seajl oe the De- Digitized by Microsoft® 172 LETTERS, ETC. [1842. PAETMENT" with me in my saddle-bags. I left Mr. Hall in charge of the office, "with every thing securely boxed up. On my arrival at Houston, I will report myself to the President for duty. I am, with great respect. Your obedient servant, Jos. Waples. l^Jndorsed. — ^The Great Seal and the Seal of the Department commenced a series of peregrinations, which lasted during the balance of Gen. Houston's term. Nov. 1845. — ^A. J.] [_Z?Vom Gen. Sam. Houston.'] Galveston, 11th March, 1842. Deae Jones, — ^The moment the New York sails I will be off for Houston. I hope to see you there. I pray of you leave me (the) news, if you leave before my arrival. You will hear that I am busy. God bless you. Thine ever, Houstoit. Hon. Anson Jones, City of Houston. {From the Same.'] Buffalo Batou, Tuesday, March 14th, 1842. Deae Jokes, — If any news arrives about the enemy, no mat- ter what lies, I wish no order given for the troops to turn out, until I can act on the facts. Every report wiU be sent in to excite the public mind. He- roes must be made to the west, and there are so unanj pretenders that the United States cannot furnish supplies of glory. Your friend, Sam. Hottston. Hon. Anson Jones, City of Houston. (V. Doc, p. 125.) [From Gen. Alex. SomerviUe.] San Antonio, 25th March, 1842. To the Hon. Anson Jones : Deae Sie, — Your favor of the 12th reached me at this place on yesterday evening. To this date no positive inteHigence has reached us of the Digitized by Microsoft® 1841.] LETTERS, ETC. 173 approach of an enemy. I do not believe he intends to come this season. Gen. Houston wrote to me from Houston inform- ing me that Mr. Van Ness had arrived from Mexico, and that Santa Anna was makmg every exertion in his power to mvade us. I have a better opinion of his judgment, and think he is too smart for that. If he comes, he will meet with a reception he little thinks of. Arista will find that we are neither to be frightened nor conquered by paper bullets. I arrived here on the lYth, to take command of the forces in the field, in accordance with the order of the President. The men and oflicers refused to obey, claiming the right as volun- teers to elect their own officers, which they did, and Burleson was elected without opposition. I have no doubt political in- trigue has been at work, with the view to block out the next President. It is a rough concern, and no glory that can be won in the field will ever polish it. I think there is a move for the Vice-Presidency also. The hobby on which they ride is, inva- sion of Mexico, to give peace and happiness to poor suffering Texas, and thereby achieve immortal glory for themselves. Sincerely your friend, A. Someeviixe. THE FKENOH DIFFICULTIES. [From the Count de Saligny.] New Orleans, 21st Nov., 1841. Deae Sie, — I have been very unwell the whole summer, which alone prevented me from writing you, as I was willing to do. I am much better now, and will soon have the pleasure to see you, as I am getting ready to return to Texas. The formal and official information I have from home do not agree at all with the declarations contained in Gen. Lamar's message in relation to the controversy between your Govern- ment and myself. In a note received on the 4th of July from Mr. Mcintosh, complaining of me, and asking for my recall, a reply was formally made on the 18th of August. In that reply my Government most energetically vindicated me from the va- rious charges urged against me. Each and aU of my acts are emphatically and unreservedly approved ; the conduct of your Digitized by Microsoft® 174 LETTERS, ETC. [1841. GoTernment from tlie begmning to the last is denounced as a flagrant and odious violation of all iaternational rules; the course of the Secretary of the Treasury characterized as a total want of self-respect and decency, and highly ofiensive to Prance ; the tone of the Secretary of State in his communications to me pronounced ungentlemanly, &c., &c., &c. That reply, which is very severe as you may judge, but not more so than deserved, terminates by the declaration, that the Government of the King not only reftise to recall theii- Minister, but that, violently in- sulted in the person of their representative, they intend to pur- sue, by all the means of which they can dispose, the just repara- tions due them. * * So the matter stands. * * * As regards myself, I am now, as I always have been, a true and faithful friend of your Republic, and nothing will be left undone by me consistent with my duties to my country, to restore be- tween the two Governments the most cordial and harmonious feelings. * * * i hope to be able to accomplish that happy ' result, and to destroy all traces of a quarrel so much to be de- ■r\[(-v-pp/1 ^ ^ Tt Jjt q{ ^ ^ I remain, my dear sir, truly yours, A. DE SaI/IGNT. \From the Same.] New Okleans, Dec. 6th, 1841. Mt deae Sie, — Your letter of the 1st inst. was handed to me yesterday. Having no doubt whatever, as you say, of my friendly feelings towards Texas, you must be convinced at the same time, that my Government's views are equally favorable and as conciliating as my own. But while the Government of the King have no disposition to require any thing from the Texan Government inconsistent with the honor of your country, it is not to be expected they wiU consider themselves satisfied with what should be looked upon as a nugatory rej)aration, or rather no reparation at all. I fully understand your remarks about the judicial forms prescribed by your laws, for the prose- cution of any offence, of whatever character, within the territory of your Republic ; but in the mean time I beg leave to submit to your judgment some few reflections on that subject. Had the Government of Texas, as soon as they heard of an insult Digitized by Microsoft® 1841.] LETTERS, ETC. 1Y5 having been offered to France in the person of her Minister, come out, as it was their duty, for the prosecution of the offend- ei', and exercised to the utmost their authority for his punish- ment, and the vindication of the laws of nations as well as those of the Republic, then they would have been Uable to no re- proach ; and even if the offender, owing to the peculiar regula- tions prescribed by your code, had escaped unpunished, in spite of all the exertions of the Administration, it might be that my Government would not have insisted on a further satisfaction, which it would not have been in the power of the Executive to afford, and would have contented themselves with a public con- demnation, on the part of the Executive, of the conduct of the offender, and requested the Cabinet at Austin to have your laws so modified, if necessary, as to secure for the future the respect and protection due foreign Ministers, and maintain inviolate the sacred principles of the law of nations. Do I need to tell you such has not been the course pursued by your Government ? Not only they have suffered the representative of Prance to be daily and publicly insulted, slandered, and traduced ; not only they have paid no attention to his amicable representations, but when that Minister was, although reluctantly, forced into the necessity to apply to them ofBcially for redress and protection) they have used all their authority to prevent the fair trial of the offender ; they have, in the official paper, attempted to mis- lead public opinion ; they have done every thing to influence and circumvent the law officers ; and after these law officers had nobly manifested their resolution to enforce the supremacy of law, one member of the Cabinet was allowed to forget his du- ties so far as to become the bail of the guilty, and the endorser of his insults against France. And, as if all that was not enough, when the same man, finding himself sustained and encouraged by the Government, publicly insulted the person of the repre- sentative of France, and that representative applied for repara- tion of that other act of violence, he got nothing from the Sec- retary of State but a most slanderous and insulting note, which the Government of the King has shown extreme moderation in officiaUy denouncing as ungentlemanly. Again, since the French Minister was obliged to leave a country where not only the honor of his own nation, not only his personal dignity, but Digitized by Microsoft® 176 LETTERS, ETC. [1841. even his life were in danger, has not the official print of the Government (the Texas Centinel) constantly and publicly as- sailed his reputation, traduced him in the most opprobrious lan- guage, charged him with every sort of crime and felony, and done every thing to bring him into public contempt ? And w^fiat has been in that instance the conduct of your Administra- tion ? What measures have they taken to stay and repress these odious violations of international law, the punishment of which had been amply provided for by a law adopted by the last session of Congress ? It is most painful to me, I assure you, my dear Sir, to recur to such recollections. I know they have always been deeply regretted and loudly execrated by yourself and every honest man in the Republic. But they have, nevertheless, received the sanction of your Administration, and thus imposed upon my Government the imperious duty of insisting on the punishment thereof Convinced as they are that nothing except the undue, illegal, and criminal interference of the Administration could have protected the perpetrator of the offences complained of, and secured his impunity ; they are absolutely boimd to require that he should ultimately be punished. * * * I understand from one of your high public officers that the intention of your new President is, immediately after the inau- guration, to have an official note addressed to me by the Secre- tary of State, condemnatory of the course of the preceding Administration, conveying expressions of strong sympathy to- wards France, and of respect to her Minister, as weU as the assurances of the desire of the Government to afford a prompt and full reparation, and inviting me to return to my post. It is very desirable that such a step should be taken by the Adminis- tration, and upon their own impulse. I think it would greatly tend to soothe the difficulties. Were I certain to find such an official note at Galveston on my arrival there, I would very soon return to Texas, without waiting for further orders from the Government of the King, whose indignation must have been increased, and conciliatory dispositions lessened hy the receipt of several nurribers of the Texas Centinel, which have been sent to Paris some tim,e ago. ***** This letter I write very hastily, and I have not even time to Digitized by Microsoft® 1842.] LETTERS, ETC. 1Y7 read it over. Besides, you must recollect that I am not writing in my own language. That will do, I hope, for an apology. Believe me, dear sir, with great esteem and respect, yours &c., • A. DE Salignt. [Midorsement— This letter and the one of the 21st Novem- ber were Avritten to Col. Love, and by him sent to me as re- quested by the wiiter. They show the complicated and un- fi-ieudly condition of the relations between Texas and France. This vexed and irritating business is bequeathed to me by the Administration of Gen. Lamar, — indeed, a few such troubles con- stitute about all they had left to bequeath. — A. J.] [From Gen. James Hamilton.] [PEIVATE.] New Okleans, March 2cl, 1842. Mt deae Sie, — As I think Texas has quite enough on her hands without keeping open any longer, as a source of irritation, the difficulties with Saligny, as a sincere well-wisher to the country, I would suggest your immediate attention to the sub- ject. I am satisfied that a transmission of a copy of your de- spatch to Mcintosh vsdll answer every purpose, which, as it has gone forward, I do not think you ought to hesitate to afford. As my sincere good wishes are due you and the country, pray excuse the liberty I take in making this suggestion. I remain, my dear sir, with sincere esteem, Very respectfully and truly yours, J. HAMILTOIf. Hon. Anson Jones. l^Midorsement. — Col. ReUly was, in January, directed to show the Count de Saligny the despatch to Mr. Mcintosh, and to give him a copy if insisted upon. I did not think it jjroper to make a direct official communication of the kind required by the Count, as I deemed it most expedient to treat on the matter with his Government, with whom I adjusted the same without condemning my oicn Government. — ^A. J.] 12 Digitized by Microsoft® 178 LETTERS, ETC. [1842. [From Count de Saligny.] [non-officielle.] Galteston, le 28 Juin, 1842. MoN CHEK MoNsiEUE, — J'ai ete et j'ai envoye plusieur fois d la douane pour r6clanier les objets appartenant k MM. Dtibucli fr&res, et dont vous m'avez dit avoir ordonne qu'oH me fit resti- tution. M. Borden pretend que tous ne lui avez donne aucuns ordres a cet efiet ; et de plus I'autorite judiciaire a m'art-on dit, que, ordres ou non, elle s'opposerait k la restitution des dits objets avant la decision des Tribunaux competents sur I'afiaire de la Goelette Mary Elizabeth. II m'importe d'etre definitive- ment fixe k cet egard ; si les objets reclames par MM. Dubuch. et dont la saisie ne saurait 6tre regarde comme legale, en ce qui conceme ces messieurs n'etaient pas rendus k leurs propri6taires, je me verrais dans la necessite de vous adresser une reclamation ofiicieUe a ce sujet ; k que je voudrais 6viter dans I'int^ret de nos deux gouvernments. Veuillez done, mon cher Monsieur, couler £i fond au plutot cette afiaire qui est peu importante, au moins comme affaire d'argent, et qui n'en serait que plus d6sagr6able k traiter officiellement. Je vous prie de recevoir, mon cber Monsieur, I'assurance de mes sentiments tres afiectueux et tres distingu^s. A. DE Saiignt. A I'Hon. Anson Jones, &c., &c., &c. [From Son. James IieiUy.\ Texas Legation, Washington, March 25th, 1842. Hon. ANSOJsr Jones, Secretary of State : Dear Sie, — Accompanying this you will receive an official letter. * * * I would rather die than to remain here. * * * Ton can see from my official letter that nothing can be done here in the way of any negotiation for Texas. * * * Yours truly, James Eeillt. Digitized by Microsoft® 1842.] LETTERS, ETC. 1Y9 [From J. Waples, Mq.] Department or State, Houston, 19th July, 1842. Dear Sir, * * * * It is desirable you should be here. Letters have been received from Major Reilly and Judge Eve, [American Minister,] -vvhich require attention. Mr. Reilly has sent in his resignation, to take effect from the 1st of August. * * * The President is much harassed and perplexed. If I could be permitted to advise or have any influence with you, I would very much desire you would not resign, at all events, without visiting this place, for I know your presence here would have a desirable influence at this time. I am about half sick. Very respectfully yours, Joseph Waples. Doct. Anson Jones. (Per Espress.) [Note. — ^When this was written I was on my way to Hous- ton, and lying dangerously ill at Col. Austin's on- the Brazos. —A. J.] [From Gen. E. Morehouse.'] Houston, 2d December, 1842. Dear DocrroE, — I wrote you by the last mail, which you may not have received, as fears are entertained of the loss of the mail. On my leaving Washington I hurried to Galveston, where I found the good people in a great excitement, anticipating the appearance of the Mexican fleet. There had been up to my arrival a determined opposition towards the Government through Col. Hockley. All parties appeared satisfied on my explanation of the views of Gen. H in sending Col. H , was for a specific purpose. I remained on the island some two weeks, and returned to this place. I am compelled to return to the island by the first boat, as Col. H writes requesting my return. He says he is deep in h — ^1 ; I am at least on its confines. Keep the old dragon in spirits ; he is on the top, and must and will remain there. D — ^n all opposition. Se is now and then wrong., but always EIGHT. ****** Hard times stares one full in Digitized by Microsoft® 180 LETTERS, ETC. [1842. the face. I wishi your Government would send me a few dol- lars ; I scarcely know how I can get along. * * * * Yours with high regard, &c., E. Moeehouse. Hon. Anson Jones. P. S. — I beg you, in the name of God, that you wiU imme- diately write on receipt of this. [^Indorsement. — This is a fair specimen of the condition of things and of the times. — A. J.] [From George K. Teuton^ Esq.\ [PEITATE AND STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL.] City or Austin, 9th December, 1842. Dbae Sru, — I shall be tmable to leave here before the 1st January, as I feel myself under obligations to assist the Major in finishing packing up. I have to-day made partial arrange- ments with Thompson to haul my books down. I have headed this confidential, as I wish to give you a friendly piece of advice, but do not wish my name to be known m any way in the matter. [Should Congress pass a law order- ing the President to remove the archives, lie or you had better at once, on the passage of the law, despatch up a body of men in whom reliance can be placed to protect the removal, for fear that by any accident they might be destroyed, there being a few men whom the course pursued by Houston has rendered desperate, and such a thing might occur as a bonfire, which would ruin the whole republic. Should such occur, it will be in defiance of all the respectable portion of the community, but you well know that one or two desperate men can achieve much harm, and it is well always to guard against surprise. If any men do come up for the purpose, their destination should be . kept secret, and they should come up on the outside of the line of settlements. I have shown this to the Major, and he informs me that he has ascertained that a majority of the citizens are determined to sustain the authorities in the removal, provided they act under an act of Congress.] The Major is hard put to it here ; he depends altogether upon the payment of his accounts due by the Government to Digitized by Microsoft® 1812.] LETTERS, ETC. 181 enable him to move from here. What he will do, or where he win go, he cannot at present say — it is rather with him where he can go * * * to allow his accounts to be paid, so that he can pay others and place his property in a place of safety. * * * Yours ever faithfully, Gboege K. Teulon. Hon. Anson Jones, Washington, Texas. \From Major Samuel WJiiting.] Austin, December 10th, 1842. Dear Doctoe, — 'Tis a long time indeed since I have had the pleasure of seeing you. Poor me, I have gone through troubles enough since you left here to have put an end to almost any other mortal man living, independent of being closely housed by sickness for nearly all the time in the last nine months. I have nearly had my life teased and fretted out by duns of printers for work done for last year's Congress, and for which our worthy President wUl not suifer me paid, although Congress had appropriated the means to pay me. Another trouble now stares me in the face — have lost all hopes of the seat of Government remaining here, and I must away, but where to go God only knows. I have some $7,000 of stock, printing materials, &c., and they are safe here no longer, and me without a doUar to remove them. My last hope is to get my accounts that are approved audited, and I may be able, at a sacrifice, to pay transportation with them, as it appears I cannot get my pay. May I entreat you as a brother and friend, to aid me in this last effort. My account for printing laws and jour- nals of Senate I will bring down with me on receipt of a letter from you. Mr. Shaw, Comptroller^ has some accounts approved for different departments, work that I have requested him to have audited. WiU you be so kind as to assist him, should he find any difficulty in doing so from orders of His Majesty. The transportation of my establishment of printing apparatus will be not less than $600, should I come down to Washington. * * * I am now in as tight a place as I wish ever to be, and require your friendly aid to extricate me. Pray put your shoulder to the wheel and help me out of this suck. Ever truly yours, S. Whiting. Hon. Anson Jones. Digitized by Microsoft® 182 LETTEES, ETC. [1842. [Note. — Major Whiting's buildings and other property at Austin cost at least $20,000, nearly all of which he lost in con- sequence of Gen. Houston's course on the Seat of Government question. He had been a warm and efficient friend and sup- porter of Gen. Houston ; and although residing in the west and among those who opposed Houston's election, he, at a great sacrifice, supported him and aided materially in his election. But because Major Whiting complained of being ruined, as he was by the man he had so long, so warmly, and so efficiently served, Gen. Houston immediately became his bitter enemy, and persecuted him with the most relentless severity and malice. — A. J.] {jEndorsement. — I have been opposed to Gen. Houston's whole " Archive war," and his other petty wars ; and, indeed, to all wars. This is a fair specimen (and Mr. Teulon's) of the thousand and one letters of a similar kind I have received with- in the year, and a fair sample of the times iu 1842. — A. J.] [From Son. Ashhel Smith.'] 103 Jekmtn Street, London, June 8th, 1842. My deae Sie, — It is now a month since I arrived in London, and the ratifications of the treaties are not yet exchanged. I am, however, authorized confidently to anticipate that the ex- change will be made in a few days. The circumstances of this delay have been fully related in my official despatches. The Earl of Aberdeen was disposed, at first, to make an immediate exchange of the ratifications, apparently ; and although he may have found weighty reasons subsequently for his delay, I cannot but regard his course towards Texas in this matter as rather ungracious. The sympathies of England are decidedly in favor of Mexico and adverse to Texas. English sympathy, you know, is apt to accompany the interests of English commerce. The numer- ous population of Mexico, destitute of manufactures, furnishes a better market for the manufactured goods of England, than Texas will for some time to come. This leads to a subject that has commanded my most careful attention and inquiry. Prom sources that I can fully rely On, I learn, that if any assistance Digitized by Microsoft® 1842.] LETTERS, ETC. 183 has been furnislied by tlie English Government or English capitalists to Mexico withm any time comparatively recent, it is utterly miknown and disbelieved by the brokers on 'Change. The Mexican steamers building here, are to be paid for in Mex- ico, or in funds to come from Mexico. * * * The war steamers building for Mexico have occupied my most watchful solicitude. Besides m.entioning them in my general despatches, I have made this the subject of a separate communication, for- warded on the 6th inst. Let me beseech you, most earnestly, to give'your care to these steamers. They must not he per- mitted to reach the harbor of Vera Cruz. Capture them. Will not the Tavala be necessary for this purpose ? They will be able to slip into harbor in defiance of pursuit from any sail vessel. They wUl soon be upon our coast. There is no mis- take about their oflncering or destination. The English Gov- ernment will interpose no serious obstacle to their arming and equipping here. I deem it best for me to remain some time longer here, and watch Mexican operations, though it is hor- ribly expensive. Th6 blockade has produced much excitement here, espe- cially among the merchants. Heretofore they were satisfied it} reviling Texas in terms of blind denunciation. Ifow the underwriters inquire into the real condition of our country, and our ability to maintain the blockade. Mexican stocks, which had been regularly rising, are, since the publication of the proclamation of the blockade, goin^ down. A protest against recognizing the blockade has been presented to Lord Aberdeen. He has not yet answered it. I am certainly in- formed that the old Earl is sadly bothered. Maintain the blockade in full efl3.ciency by all means. The interests of foreign commerce will compel these powers to say peremp- torily to Santa Anna, that he must no longer pursue a line of conduct which justifies Texas in keeping up this "infernal'' afBictive blockade. Jiut looTc out for the steamers of war. I furnished Mr. Kennedy, who is a truly warm friend of Texas, with a list of our maritime force ; he communicated it to the Morning Chronicle in an article over the signature of " Pax " with good effect. Mr, Wm. Kennedy has recently been tendered the appoLnt- Digitized by Microsoft® 184 LETTERS, ETC. [1842. ment of Consul at Galveston for England. The Consul-General, Captain Elliot, I have informed you, is on his way to Texas. Mr. Kennedy's appointment as Consul will leave the Consul- Generalship in England vacant. So soon as the exchange of ratifications shall place me on a proper footing with other ministers, I shall endeavor to learn the disposition of other powers to establish friendly relations with Texas. I shall, however, allude to this subject only in very general terms, unless invited, for I anticipate finding much more favorable sentiments towards Texas in the diplomatic circle at Paris than here. As it regards Spain, much cannot be looked for from the good ofiices of Lord Aberdeen at present with Espartero. Individually, Lord A. is, I believe, well dis- posed ; but the merchants engaged in Mexican commerce, the Mexican bond-holders, and anti-slavery men, are a nest of hor- nets, which no discreet person would wUlingly rouse. Mrs. Vander Wager, the lady of the Belgian Minister, is the daughter of Mr. Bates, the head partner of the house of Barings, which firm is largely interested in Mexican bonds, and hostile to Texas. With the French Ambassador I am very well. Mr. Everett is afiable, &c. ; but the cause of Texas receives no countenance from the American Minister. He _is supposed to be sore from the opposition made to him by the Southern Senators for his alleged opinions on slavery. I fear you will regard this as but a sad picture of our posi- tion here — it is such« I am getting a good footing in society, and labor incessantly to remove the false impressions with which Mexican bond-holders and abolitionists interested in British colonial land speculations, have abused the public mind in England. Hut Texas must work out. Industry, economy, and a rigid observance of public faith, will redeem us. My most respectful regards to Gen. H. and lady, and to Mrs. J. Remember me to Col. Hockley, Mr. MiUer, &c. Yours, very truly, AsHBEL Smith. Hon. Anson Jones, City of Houston, Texas. Digitized by Microsoft® 1842.] LETTERS, ETC. 18;") [JFrom Gen. Houston.] City of Houston, 2c1 Aug., 1842. Mt deae Sik, — That you -were imwell I knew, but until Mr. Jolinson informed me yesterday, I was not apprised of your extreme illness. I was glad to hear you were " able to shave" — those shaving times. You no doubt have all the particulars of Congress. " It got through," as some of the members said, while others, in my opinion, thought that they had only got their " foot into it." They are gone, and no war, nolens volens, but as much as can be had of the willing kind. I do sincerely hope that it may and wUl go on. It is the only kind of war that the country can sustain. Had I sanctioned the war bill, I could not have commanded any means within twelve months, and the ardor of our people while it is restrained, is most impetuous. I would have been in a state of constant vexation, and threats of revo- lution would have been constant. As things now stand, there can be no censure upon the Executive. AU that has been de- sired is embraced in the project ; and for my country's sake, and for the credit of those who have been so anxious, I sincerely hope there will be volunteers enough to answer the design of a visit to the Rio Grande. We wiU see ! [V. Mier Mapedition. — A. J.] This moment I have learned that our Santa Fe prisoners have been released, and wiU soon return to Texas. At this I am much rejoiced for various reasons. First, because the suf- ferings of our countrymen are ended, and they are again free. We have one cause less of irritation, and so much the less food for demagogues and agitators. When the matter is understood of their release, it may give us a squint into the afiairs of Mex- ico which we have not before enjoyed. In the expectation of seeing you here, I did not send you letters from Major Reilly, touching our aifairs witTi, Mexico. The main point was, that Mr. Webster had written to Gen. Thompson a pretty strong letter, and in substance that Mexico ought to make peace with Texas — that those powers which had recognized Texas would rather expect to see such a result ; and among other things, the Major sent his resignation, which I, of Digitized by Microsoft® 186 LETTERS, ETC. [1842. course, accepted. The Major thinks his case a hard one. His miad appears to have fallen into a queer snarl about money matters ; he cannot understand them, with all that we have done. In his place I have sent Mr. Van Zandt to Washington. He will he prudent, and will not "jump" high enough to en- danger his safety. Don't you attempt to come, until you can do so without danger of a relapse. Since Congress rose, all things appear to wear smoothly, and I hope we will get on, after a fashion. The chances now are rather in our favor. Though, as FuUenvyder said, it "will be a d — d dight squeeze" if we get on tolerably well for some time to come ! Mrs. Houston has been quite ill, and is not yet able to sit up. I am just as busy as usual. I pray you to commend me with best wishes to Madam, and kiss for me your auburn-pated urchin. I have the " Diplomatist " on my back, so you may imagine how much time I have for my friends. Poor Hunt, I am half angry with him ; but he is so amiable a simpleton,_that I really pity and forgive him. If he would only let me alone. He writes all but what duty compels me to write. Now I will close that. When you can in safety come, I will be very happy to see you. Truly thy friend, Sam. Houston. Hon. Anson Jones, Brazos, Texas. \JEndorsed. — There is much mystery and double-meaning in this letter, else the President does not know how to express himself. Van Zandt is weU enough — very well. — ^A. J.] [Note iit 1844. — ^In this letter are seen the germs of the " Somerville Campaign," out of which, naturally enough, grew the equally unwise " Mier Expedition." I constantly opposed these war movements of the President, though I was obliged to seem, publicly, to yield, as on some other occasions. I re- commended him early in the session to urge a heavy " war tax" for the purpose of rendering offensive movements unpopular, (which I knew the war tax would do,) but he would not adopt my suggestions. I took, and maintained the ground, that nothing since the days of the Crusades was more absurd than offensive war with Mexico. The President adopted this view of mine, and expressed it, at my special instance, to the Com- Digitized by Microsoft® 1842.] LETTERS, ETC. 187 mittee of Galveston, early in the spring, but abandoned it soon after. If he had continued to stand firmly on this ground, the Somerville Campaign and the Mier Expedition would never have been made. And of all kinds of war, this " willing war," or offensive war, by volunteers of Gen. Houston, is and has generally been the very worst kind for Texas, and has cost us many good hves, and millions of had money, besides having en- heartened Mexico by destroying the prestige of Texan prowess. * * * But Gen. H. had to attempt to carry out his hrags in his letter written to Santa Anna from Galveston, this year, (1842 ;) so he inflicted these disastrous expeditions upon the country. I wash my hands of them, entirely and altogether. — A. J.] [P. S. — End of the Santa Fe, and beginning of the Mier Expeditions.] ■ \From W. D. Miller, Private Secretary of the JPresident.] HoirsTON, 12th April, 1842. Deae Doctoe, — I enclose you herewith all the despatches and other communications received since your departure to your address. You will perceive that Major Reilly is (or was) exceedingly anxious to return, to participate in the warlike operations of his government and country. We have had no news of interest from the West. Gen. SomerviUe, we understand, wiU return. A corps of observa- tion will be kept up on the frontier. The President will, in a few days, issue his proclamation and instructions for the forma- tion and equipment of companies in the several counties, to be in readiness to unite in the first general movement against Mexico. I have not time to say more. Mr. Mason is waiting. Ko particular news from United States by last boat. With the highest regard, I have the honor to be. Your most obedient servant, (Signed) W. D. Millee. Hon. Anson Jones, Secretary of State. [Midorsed. — ^The President must certainly be running "mad."— A. J.] Digitized by Microsoft® 188 LETTERS, ETC. [1842. [From _P. JEdmunds.] New Okleans, April 12th, 1842. Deae Doca:oE, — Not knowing whether you were in peace or war, I have not written you since my arrival here. Our in- formation from Texas has been such, that I could not tell whether you were west of the Rio Grande, or east of the Sa- bine. All has been doubt and uncertainty. I believe, how- ever, matters are more settled at present. I have written you officially by this mail, and therefore this letter is private. I have just returned from Natchez. I saw many of our old friends there who are with us, heart and soul. I went there on private business, but was compelled to take part publicly in Texas matters. Some people in Galveston have written to Natchez, that the people of Texas and the General were at open rupture in regard to the war. I do not know who has done this, except a Mr. Alsbury, whose inflammatory and preju- dicial letter to Gen. Quitman I saw. He abused the General (Houston) much, and said the people had driven him into the war. He also said, " Houston was parading the streets of Gal- veston like a mad man, raving and swearing against all who ad- vocated war." You may imagine my contempt for such a wil- ful lie. I spoke of it freely to Gen. Quitman and others, and took especial pains to make some corrections about this and the Hamilton matter. I send you a Natchez paper, containing an account of my course, and the proceedings of the meeting. I flatter myself my presence there was productive of good ; as an evidence of which, about sixty men are now here from that place, under Capt. Hickey, destined for Texas, when Col. Washington orders them to move. I have written Gen. Houston frankly and freely, and have no doubt he appreciates my good intentions. I may sometimes err in defending him ; but if I do, the error affects me, and not him. I know I am enthusiastic for a friend when I hear him traduced behind his back. I say damn a man who ain't of the same feelings. Love writes me on the 28th March, in which he says the President has declared he wall remove you. Of course I don't believe this ; but stUl I know I have many enemies who would Digitized by Microsoft® 1842.] LETTERS, ETC. 189 gladly contribute to such a state of things. I want you to write me, and tell me if the General thinks another could be of more service to himself and the country here than I am ; and if so, just intimate the fact to me, and I will resign. My object is to be a candidate for Congress in September. I want to punish some of my perfidious enemies. But if he dismisses me, my prospects will be ruined. The office is one of great trouble, and has only yielded me eight dollars since I have been in it. Your friend, (Signed) P. Edmunds. Dr. Anson Jones, Secretary of State. [From Geo. K. Teulon.] London, 25th June, 1842. Hon. Anson Jones : Deab Sie and Feiend, — This leaves me still in London's smoky town, instead of enjoying the fresh, pure air ; for this, however, I can assure you, I am not to blame ; and if I still stay here, it is because " my poverty, and not my will, con- sents." The government here have purposely been humbug- ging the pair of us, unlU they have eased me of all my money and patience, so that sundry small presents laid ui for some of my friends have disappeared to stay the cravings of an outraged belly, or, in plain English, have been sold to pay board ex- penses. Dr. S. is, or says he is, as badly off. My only depend- ence for passage out is by drafts on Galveston. I have no faith in the ministry ; they are evidently biased in favor of the yellow bellies, and have, to say the least, con- nived at the building and fitting out of two war steamers, to be employed against Texas. It is a pity Vera Cruz is not in possession of the Texans ; once take that place, and the war will soon be ended. We are teetotally ignorant of all movements m Texas, and I suppose the first information I shall get, will be an arrival. I shall start as soon as I can, and hope to be with you in a little while after this comes to hand. On Masonic subjects I have much to say wh(?n we meet until when I will merely remark, that I have obtaitied the re- Digitized by Microsoft® 190 LETTEES, ETC. [1842. cognition of the Grand Lodge of England, and entered into an arrangement for an interchange of delegates. The G. L. of E. holds no communication with any of the Grand Lodges of the United States. ■ I bring out with me several varieties of wheat to distribute among the farmers, as also fruit-seeds of many kinds. * * * Tour sincere friend, (Signed) Geoege K. Teuion. [From Gen. M. B. Lamar.'] GiLLVESTON, 25th February, 1842. Hon. Ai^soN Jones : SiE, — I addressed a letter on the 23d inst. to a friend of mine in Austin, requesting him to inquire of you whether you were the author of a certain communication signed A., which appeared in the Weekly Texian of the 26th ult., or whether you had any agency in advising, or any connection whatever with said publication previous to its appearance. Having un- derstood, since writing said letter, that you wiU shortly be in this city, (Galveston,) I deem it my duty to make the same inquiry of you here ; and for this purpose have left this note in the hands of a friend to be presented to you upon your arrival, to which I must demand a prompt reply, and an unequivocal answer to the above question. Yours, &c., MiEABEAtr B. Lamae. [Endorsed. — Hunt challenged him, but R. R. Brown, his friend and second, told me he was not anxious to fight much. So the matter of A. was settled with only a little gasconad- ing.— A. J.] — Sent hy Gen. A. S. Johnson. [From Self to M. B. Lamar^ Galveston, Feb. 27^, 1842. Gen. MiEABEAu B. Lamae : SiE, — I have this moment received your note of the 25th inst. in relation to the authorship of a certain anonymous article signed A., which appeared in the Weekly Texian of the 26th ult. Digitized by Microsoft® 1842.] LETTERS, ETC. igj In reply, I have the hoiiov to refer you for .iny or all the information you require on this subject to Gen. Hunt. I have the honor to be, your most obedient servant, (Signed) 'Anson Jones. [Note. — Endorsed on copy of above. Gen. Lamar had no right to make the request of me he did, and I should have been justified in giving it a flat refusal ; but I had promised Gen. Hunt, in the event of inquiry for the authorship of " A." being made of me, that I would refer the inquirer to him (Gen. H.) — A. J.] — jSent hy Thos. F. McKinney. {From C. F. Duer.'] Holland Lodge, No. 1, City of Houston, ) 19th May, A. L., 5842. J At a regular meeting of HoUand Lodge, ISTo. 1, held. at the Lodge room, in the City of Houston, on the 13th April, A. L., 5842: " A communication was received from brother Anson Jones, requesting permission to demit. On motion, duly seconded. Brother Anson Jones' communication was received, and per- mission granted him to demit from this Lodge." C. F. DuEE, Secretary. [From Col. G. W. HocMey.] Austin, 9th March, 1842. Mt deae Sie, — I have just received a letter from you, dated at Galveston, 2d February. I presume it was written the 2d March, as the Houston post-mark is of the 3d. The situation in which we are placed will be a sufficient apology for a brief reply. Gen. Harrison says that if Mr. Ransom, or any one else, gave a name as the author of the communication signed A. in the Weekly Texian of the 26th January, it was without au- thority from him ; that he never mentioned the name of the person given to him as the author ; that if Gen. Lamar wishes Digitized by Microsoft® 192 LETTERS, ETC. [1842. the name of tlie author, he will give it, heing authorized to do so ; and adds, that it is not Doctor Anson Jones. In great haste, yours very truly, Gbokge W. Hockley. [Self to Joseph Waples, ^sq., Chief Clerk, State Department.'} At Outer Jones', April 13th, 1842. Mt deae Sie, — I arrived here yesterday, and received the letter you wrote me at this place on your way down. I had purposed leaving here to-morrow morning with my family for Columbia, but being quite indisposed myself to-day, I expect my departure will be delayed a day or two. I do not contemplate visiting Houston until my presence there may become necessary ; in the mean time I wish you to act. If any thing of particular moment occurs please let me know. I wish you to write me fully every week, and send me every thing which is printed, either by the way of Richmond or Galveston : the mail by the latter place continues to be car- ried regularly. Present my best respects to the President, also to Mr. MiUer, and believe me Very truly yours, Anson Jones. To J. Waples, Esq. [From Joseph Waples, Fsq.] Houston, 3d July, 1842. Deae Doctoe, — ^The President arrived here yesterday even- ing from Galveston, where he went a few days since, expecting to meet his lady, who, upon the arrival of the New York, he learned was very unwell in Alabama. The President is himself quite unwell to-day, complaining of the fatigues of business, together with an attack of diarrhoea, &c. : he speaks of going to Black's for a few days to recuperate. He desired me to request you to repair to this place as early as practicable, as business of importance requires your presence. What that business is he did not communicate. I presume he wishes your counsel in the cabinet. I sent you by Mr. Burns the message. You will see by the Star what Congress has been doing. The Senate has not sat in Digitized by Microsoft® 1842.] LETTERS, ETC. ^93 chambers only to organize, and then repaired to Mr. Jack's room, where he is sick ; but to-morrow I suppose they will sit, as Mr. Muse has arrived, and a quorum is in town. The archive question was discussed yesterday in the House ; and the bUl to require the President and Cabinet to return to Austin, laid be- fore a special committee appointed on that portion of the mes- sage relating to the archives. The Military Committee will report to-morrow on the war subject. The majority, 5 to 4, win be in favor of prosecuting a war. Congress is divided on that subject. Mr. HaU has arrived and is desirous of seeing you : he pre- sents his respects. I send you also some private letters received here. All well. My respects to madam and to Dr. Copes, should you see him. Yours respectfully, Joseph Waples. Hon. Anson Jones. [Midorsed. — The called session of Congress in July, 1842, was unnecessary, and I steadily opposed it. It resulted in noth- ing except a quarrel, in which neither party gained, and the country lost. — ^A. J.] [From Gen. Houston.] City of Houston, July 19th, 1842. To Dr. Anson Jones : Dear Sir, — ^I have been much embarrassed in consequence of your absence during the session of Congress now near its ad- journment. Many subjects with which you have had connection have been brought upon the tapis, and your presence would have relieved me from reflections which have been ventured against me. At one time I have heard that you were ill, at an- other that you were not. Is it in your power to make me a visit ? Your doing so would afford me much gratification. Do so if you can, and if not, please apprise me what I am to expect or calculate upon. Please present me, with my compliments, to your lady. Truly your friend, Sam. Houston. [Midorsed. — ^To come to Houston. I deemed the called session useless and pernicious. The President convened it con- 13 Digitized by Microsoft® 194 LETTEES, ETC. [1842. trary to my advices and for the purpose of making capital for himself. The result has been, as I expected, a mere quarrel be- tween him and Congress about the seat of Government, and the " war policy," by which the country has been injured and dis- graced. As the President " has made his bed, so he must lie." I wiU have nothing to do with such petty squabbles. — A. J.] [Note. — ^I started for Houston on receipt of this letter, but was taken sick at Col. Austin's on the way. (V. Gen. Houston's letter, Aug. 2d, 1842. 2. ) [From Gol. George Msher.] Texas Sloop-op-war Houston, Off Campeche, 25th AprU, 1842. Dr. AsrsoN Jones : Mt deae Sie, — It was not untU the other day that I have seen your appointment to the State Department, although I expected it would take place. I am happy to have the pleasure now to congratulate, to our common country, this circumstance, and I hope that you will be in a situation more effectually to serve Texas in your present station, as the right-hand man to the old chieftain in directing the helm of the State, than you would have been, provided our efforts to place you in the sec- ond magistracy would have enabled you to do. I have from time to time, since my sojourn in this country, directed Yucatan papers, with a key, (in my own manuscript,) to the State Department, for the information of the Government of Texas, of passing events in this country, whose relations with Mexico, in a political and commercial point of view, are about in the same situation as those of Texas, and which, both countries uniting their energies at the present auspicious moment, could coerce Mexico to come into measures to insure the peace and happiness of their citizens. For particulars I respectfully refer to Com. Moore, who is " au fait " with all the passing events of this country, as well as Mexico, and whose information to the Executive wiU no doubt be of great service in the taking of suitable measures for conducting the operations of the war, now to be waged by land and by sea against our invading foe. I had a long conversation with Mr. Thomas R. Lubbock, Digitized by Microsoft® 1842.] LETTERS, ETC. I95 one of the Sauta F6 prisoners, now aboard of this ship, and I discover he has acquired a considerable knowledge of the geog- raphy and statistics of Mexico, as also of the actual effective tbrce of our enemy, throughout the interior, whose communi- cations to the War Department, no doubt, will have their proper effect, as regards the measures to be observed in directing the operations of war by our land forces. I am happy to see that the enthusiasm prevailing in all parts of the United States in favor of Texas, at this moment, will have a very favorable tendency of prosecuting an offensive war against Mexico, in the midst of an exhausted public treasury ; also that our people, far from desponding, are anxious for a fight to se- cure our independence. For particulars of my sojourn here, I respectfully refer to our worthy friend. Com. Moore. I am yours truly, Geoegb Pishbe. [From the Same.] Campeche, 3d May, 1842. Dr. Anson Jones : My deae Sie, — I have addressed you a few lines, per Com. Moore, which I hope wUl have reached you safe before this. The Commodore sailed from here on the morning of the 28th inst. [? ult.] "with the whole squadron, viz. : Austin, Wharton, San Bernard, and San Antonio. The day previous the Yucatan squadron sailed to the westward. On the arrival of our squad- ron at Sisal, there was the Spanish frigate Isabell, two days from Havana. She left there on the 25th ult. for this port, where we found her on the 26th. She again left here on the same day for the westward. Some pretend to say that inasmuch as Spain has not recognized our independence and our flag, she will pro- tect her commerce, and force the blockade. Whatever the object of her visit may be into this gulf, it would be well enough for our Government to commence negotiations with Spain for our recognition, and as a measure of precaution and momenta- ry, an agent ought to be despatched immediately to Havana to arrange this matter, as well as our direct commerce with Cuba. I doubt not that, under the present circumstances, Spain would be willing to enter into negotiations with our Government, and. Digitized by Microsoft® 196 LETTERS, ETC. [1842. make, at has% a treaty of commerce, if not an alliance, against Mexico, when her West India possessions are menaced by the Mexican aholitionists, as well as by England. That Spain has more advantages to expect by our recognition than to lose by the Mexican abolitionism, must be very clear to her ; therefore, I say I beheve she ■will grant our request, and we will avoid thereby all collision with her naval forces in the Gulf during the blockade, which I believe will be a long one, unless the United States will take it off our hands. To-morrow I am go- ing to Merida, where I shall expect your kind favors or orders, which you know will be cheerfully complied with by. Tours truly, Geoege Fishee. \From Gen. Houston.] Executive Department, ) City of Hoirsioif, Sept. 19, 1842. 5 To Dr. Anson JomES, Sec'y of State, &c. : Deae Sie, — ^During your absence, business has greatly accu- mulated ia the Department of State. There is much of high importance that should be attended to immediately. Not a single member of my Cabinet is present, and events are thick- ening and pressing upon me. I regret that you have not been with me since your health was sufficiently restored. Gen. Terrell, before his departure for home, occasioned by the extreme indisposition of his family, gave some attention to the business of the department, and communicated to our Ministers abroad what was at the time of the most urgent necessity. The assistance of my Cabinet will be for the future not only desirable, but indispensable to the administration of public business. My health is so bad that I have to employ an amanuensis. Truly your friend, Sam. HotrsToiir. [indorsed. — ^Requests me to come to Houston. I have done every thing necessary in the Department of State, though a good deal absent from Houston during the summer. The claims of my family I cannot wholly pretermit. General Houston promised when I took the office I should be paid in par funds. Digitized by Microsoft® 1842.] LETTERS, ETC. I97 This has not been done, and I have been obliged to do some- thing for a support aside from office. — A. J.] NoTB. — On the receipt of the above letter I started for Houston. On the way I learned the President, in a pet at that place, had packed up and gone to Washington on the Brazos, whither I followed him shortly afterwards, and was not again absent from the seat of Government except on public business dm-ing my three years' secretaryship. The President and all the other members of the Cabinet were frequently absent, and I have been consequently for months left to administer the Gov- ernment "solitary and alone," (1845.) {From Stewart Newell, JEsqJ] City Hotel, New Orleans, June 28tli, 1842. Hon. Anson Jones : Deae See, — ^Excuse my addressing you a short letter at this time to ask how you are, and have enjoyed your health — ^to congratulate you on your appointment to the very responsible and important office as Secretary of State, and feel well assured Texas wiU not lose by such an appointment advantages at home or abroad. I have addressed a long and tedious letter to Gen. Houston in relation to my observations in Mexico, and this wUl be my excuse for a short one at this time to you, and I hope in two or three weeks to have my business settled here, to permit me to return to Texas. My letter to the President, although perhaps it may not be deemed important, yet it would be quite enough to cost me much risk if I should go to Mexico again ; and as I may have to go on private money matters, I have requested the Presi- dent not to mention my name in any way connected with it ; as a matter of course yourself and Col. Hockley will know it, but I had reference to officers or to citizens, and particularly to Mc- Kinney or WUliams, or any private citizen, my reasons for which I will give at another time, and the President and your- self will approve them. * * * * * In haste, your obedient servant, Stewaet Newell. Digitized by Microsoft® 198 LETTEES, ETC. [1842. \From the Same.] New Orleans, July 8th, 1842. Dr. Ansost Jones : Deae Sie, — Per Com. Moore, on last New York, I ad- dressed a letter to Gen. Houston and a short one to you, — ^the length of the one to the President prevented me vdthin my time to say more to you, and I trust the variety and par- ticulars detailed in my letter addressed to Gen. Houston, and my intention to benefit our common adopted country, will be deemed sufficient excuse for trespassing upon the time of your- self and Gen. Houston in perusing said letter, and trust some of the information contained in it may be of service. My visit to Mexico was to obtain payment of my claims of a large amount against the Federalist, and being delayed, as is usual in that country, I sought every opportunity of obtaining information that might be serviceable on my return ; and I assure you my surprise was great at finding out that direct communi- cations were kept up between Arista and certain men in Texas who profess friendship for Texas ; and when I have mentioned it here, I was told that the same men gave information to Texas of the Mexican movements, and that if I should name my im- pressions, or what I consider as proofs of their treachery, it would not be available, so confidently are they believed to be true to Texas ; this being the case renders it useless for me to detail the circumstances that led me to conclusions of their guUt, and the names of the persons ; but when I see you we will speak upon the subject. ***** I remain, sincerely, your friend, &c., Stbwaet Newell. [From Copt. Wm. If. Bronaugh. Houston, December 3d, 1842. Dbae See, — Some short time before the President left here I submitted to him my plan and application for the privilege of peopUng a district of country running from the west fork of Trinity to the Brazos River, including Poland's fork of the Brazos. He deferred confirming the same to you and myself until he had an interview with you upon the subject, and led me Digitized by Microsoft® 1842.] LETTERS, ETC. ^99 to hope that he would do so, as soon as a consultation could be had. Now I embrace the present occasion to write you upon the subject, requesting that you will see the President upon the matter, esamme the proposition which I made him in our behalf, and urge the conclusion of it, if possible. It will not be in our power to do much in effectuating our plans at present, but it costs us nothing to be prepared to take advantage of the times that are to come. If we get the privilege of colonizing, get as much time as possible. You are at "Washiagton, and enabled by your situation to arrange things satisfactorily. A fortune wiU be the result, if you look out. Write to me soon. Your friend, Wm. N. Beostaugh. Dr. Anson Jones. \Midorsed. — I advised the President not to grant the within, and he did not. — A. J.] [From Gen. E. Morehouse^ Galteston, 28th December, 1842. Mt dear Doctoe, — I have finally come to the conclusion that you have either retired to the high timber, or going through with a deputation on Rip Van Winkle. I am here without the pale of domestic news, save now and then a newspaper, and was in hopes you would have been so kind as to drop me a line from the seat of Government. There is but little moving in this city. All are anxiously waiting to hear from the city of laws. The former over-heated pohticians, of this section have cooled o^ most prodigiously . It is but seldom they are enabled to utter over a monosyllable in opposition to the Executive, in place of their previous long ser- mons. It may be caused by hard times, or they may only be resting their wearied lungs. From all accounts your pleasant and agreeable Washington has not been permitted to rest in peace and quietness. But on the contrary there must have been more or less unnecessary ex- citement. This place, called Galveston, is one of the most dull and dreary places on the face of the earth. The citizens have assumed the right to obey or disobey an order from the Gov- ernment as best may suit their particular fancy. They refuse to Digitized by Microsoft® 200 LETTERS, ETC. [1842. be obedient to Col. Hockley, in accordance with his instructions firom the War Department. They advance grounds that Col. Hockley's appointment is illegal, consequently they assume the right of disobeying any order which emanates from him. I have endeavored to settle the difficulty, as it places our friend in an unpleasant position. But I am fearftil that all that can be done here will not effect the desirable object. I have ordered a court-martial to try the head. God only knows what the result may be. The new French Minister is here. I should judge from his manly, good, and cheerftil expressions, that he is one of the right stuff. I am desirous of visiting Washington before the session of Congress closes, (if permission can be had.) Be pleased to present my kind regards to Gen. H and lady — my sincere respects to your family. With high respect I have the honor to be, &c., E. MoEBHOTJSE. To the Hon. Anson Jones, Secretary of State, Washington. Take, I beg, one moment of your time, and waste it in writing me. \From Wm. Kennedy, JSsq., author of History of Texas.] Richmond on the Beazos, Feb. 24th, 1842. My deak See, — Self and party have just arrived here after a journey distinguished by no particular adventure. Mr. Castro expresses an anxious desire that you should re- deem your pledge to meet us at Houston, where we hope to be to-morrow afternoon. I need not say that my wishes fully coincide with his, not more on pubhc than on personal grounds. If you can conveniently manage it, steal a day from your pres- ent circle and let me have the solace of exchanging with you a viva voce adieu. Our stay in Houston must necessarily be very short. Believe me, my dear sir, with sincere esteem yours, William Keiwedt. Hon. Anson Jones, &c., &c., at 0. Jones's. Digitized by Microsoft® 1842.] LETTERS, ETC. 201 [From Hon. William Henry Daingerfield.'\ New Orleans, April 1st, 1842. Hon. AiTsoiir Jones, Secretaiy of State : Sir, — Your oiEcial communication of tlie 26th March, 1842, requesting the publication of the authenticated order of block- ade of Mexican ports contained therein, has been received, and a request made by me of P. Edwards, Esq., the consul of this poi-t, to have the same published under the authority of his official seal : this ■wUl be done to-morrow, though the blockade has been published unofficially for several days in this city. I have also requested the consul, by notice sent him to-day, to certify officially to the Department of State the time and man- ner of the publication. I have been thus particular, because as these matters of blockade are frequently very delicate and ticklish questions, it is as well that every form and ceremony should be observed. This m,ust and will he the official notice. I rejoice at the measure. It has done much to elevate the char- acter and credit of the country, but it must be most prudently carried out. I have the honor to be yours, William Henet Daingeefield. [From the Same.^ New Orleans, April 15th, 1842. Mt deae See, — Your kind letter of the 31st March has re- mained up to this time unanswered, because I have been most actively engaged in carrying out the orders of the Secretary of War, which direct me to co-operate with Col. H. Washington in his intended descent upon the Mexican *coast. Under any other state of circumstances in the United States this expedition would meet great aid and assistance. There is no lack of spirit and enterprise on the part of the citizens of this country, nor is their enthusiasm in our behalf in the least degree dormant. But, sir, you can form no idea of the extreme depression and hopeless pecuniary embarrassment of the citizens of this coun- try. Their condition is ia every way much worse than that of Texas. The papers, I see, state that large contributions have Digitized by Microsoft® 202 LETTERS, ETC. [1842. been made in this country for our aid, — such is far from being the fact. In this city little, very little has been done. I attrib- ute this to the fact that we have many suffering friends here who have been severely injured by their purchases of Texan funds. Their losses have of course been greatly magnified by themselves and their friends, who have sought upon slight suffer- ing to endeavor to establish for themselves the character of en- tire and perfect martyrdom in our cause. Other portions of the country have endeavored to do all that lay in their power. Philadelphia has acted nobly ; and at a large and most respectable public meeting, an account of which you wiU find in the newspapers, has taken the true and philosophic ground that our independence is de facto estab- lished, and that the attack of Mexico is an unwarrantable aggression, and contrary to the laws of nations. I have re- sponded to the committee, pointed out to them the true situa- tion of our affairs, stated to them our more pressing wants, and requested that all their aid in furnishing provisions, munitions of war, and other sinews of a similar character, will be most gratefully received, and will best reach us through the hands of our consul in that city, Francis Gurney Smith, Esq. I believe much can be done by giving a proper direction to the contri- butions which we may receive. Men can be had in any number for the war. But of what use are these without the means of putting them in action. I concur most fully in the views of the President on this subject, and have used the general authority which he sent me as commissioner, for the sole purpose of ob- taining aid in these essential articles of provisions and munitions of war. I am going up the river as far as NashvDle on Monday. I leave Col. Washington here as my representative. I believe I could be of essential service to the republic by extending my visit to the north. Do write me by the next boat, and direct to the care of our consul here. The new issue wiU be ready in a few days. It wiU then be sent according as the President may direct. I am glad to see that he entertains the view of re- stricting its issue to the lowest possible amount. This is the only true policy. The affairs of the Treasury Department will be exceedingly simple during the balance of the summer, and Digitized by Microsoft® 1848.] LETTERS, ETC. 203 if the President thinks I can be of more service to the country under the authority he has sent me, in directing the aid of our friends, I will be most ready to obey his instructions. * * All that can be done at home is to limit the issue (of ex- chequers) by every means possible. * * * rpj^g j^g^g details of this can be managed by the chief clerk, who is a practical man, under the direction and control of any member of the Cabinet, but especially by yourself, whose views of currency I Tcnow are most correct. ***** I am most sincerely yours, Wm. Henet Daingeefield. [From the J'resident.J EXECUTITE DePAKTMENT, f City oe Houston, June 10th, 1842. f To the Hon. Anson Jones : Sir, — You are hereby constituted and appointed a commis- sioner on the part of the Government of Texas, and empowered to negotiate a loan under an act, entitled an act to authorize the President to negotiate a loan of $1,000,000 of dollars, ap- proved January 22d, 1839. You will proceed forthwith to the United States in the discharge of the above duty, and be gov- erned by your letter of instructions, which wiU be handed you, with the privilege of making such change in the negotiation as you may deem expedient. You will receive for your services the compensation allowed by said law. Sam. Houston, [seai.] [M-om 6arl £orden, Jr., Esq., Collector at Galveston.] Galveston, 11th March, 1843. Hon. Anson Jones : Deae Sns, — Your esteemed favor of 6th March, in relation to the course to be pursued in the custom-house rate of ex- chequer bills, and yours of same date respecting contracts with steamboats to carry mails, came by our friend Judge Toler. Any thing which I can do to further the views of the Post- office Department shall be done with pleasure. I thank you for your confidential letter ; it came in good time to prop up my Digitized by Microsoft® aOi LETTERS, ETC. [1843. drooping patriotism if I had any. The suggestions you make in relation to the custom-house rates of exchequer I had fallen upon as the only one which would at the S2tme time preserve a consistency ia my course, and keep up the little confidence had in the Goyemment. Yet I say I thank you for the letter ; it breathes a language I am not accustomed to hear either from the Executive or Treasury Departments. I have lately had trials which have so worn my patience that I am resolved to quit the ship if the President will appoiat another captain. Last spring I assumed responsibilities in the payment for en- graving the first exchequer bills. I could not comply with my obligation. Col. Daingerfield, who principally imderstands it, resigned without relieving me of the difficulty, but has laid more weight upon me. The President and the Department appear dissatisfied with the course I pursue. I am hedged up on every side. I have addressed no less than three difierent persons acting as Secretary of the Treasury within four weeks. I am called on to do more than it is possible to perform. I received a communication from the President, and James B. Shaw acting Secretary of the Treasury, each dated 24th February, and both containing things which I wiU not subscribe. I wish you could see the copies of these letters, and my answers to the Secretary of the Treasury under date of 1st inst., being two letters to him, and one to the President of 6th inst. I say to them in substance (after making my defence) that I should be glad to be relieved of my responsible station as collector of Galveston. I infer from what has been said at difierent times that they believe me too much under the influence of merchants. I have endeavored to do my duty without partiality, favor, or reward. I beheve I have done much for the true interests of the coun- try, but am perfectly wiUing to let some other person try to carry out the views of the Executive, if he beUeves I have not done as I should. There is one thing I am certain wiU not be said, that I have been under an undue Executive iaflu- q. sp v» ^ ^ ^ I trust you wiU excuse the much I have said about myself. The Judge will tell you the news, if any, respecting the Mexi- cans. We are going to make some substantial works of defence ; Digitized by Microsoft® 1848.] LETTERS, ETC. 205 we mean to make every dollar tell. My regards to the Presi- dent, Major Brigham, and their good ladies. Your friend and obedient servant, G. BOEDEN, Jr. [jPVom Gen. J. P. Henderson.] Houston, January 12th, 1843. Mt dear Sie, — ^AUow me to present to you my friend G. S. Mcintosh, Esq., whom you have known well for some years by reputation. He comes to Washington to avaU himself of the appropriation made for him by Congress and retrieve his fortune from impending ruin. I have assured him that yourself and the other officers of the Government wiU do every thing in your power to assist him. Please do me the favor to advance his views as much as. possible, and you will confer a lasting favor on Your friend, HENDEESOif. Hon. Anson Jones, Washington. {From Son. James Heilly.] Houston, January 22d, 1843. Hon. AifSOK Jones : Deae Sie, — Permit me to ask if there is any prospect of my being paid the sum of $1,180 still due me ? WiU it not be paid out of the appropriation for foreign Ministers ? When at Wash- ington last you mentioned to me this would- be the case. I dis- like to trouble you about money matters, but my necessities are very great. My home wUl have to go for the payment of debts contracted for the Government. The payment of this amount would give me something to begin anew upon. Do please con- sider my interrogatory affirmatively. I trust to be at Wash- ington about Tuesday ; but if possible, let me have an answer before leaving here. Yours, James Reillt. [^Endorsed. — ^This is a fair specimen of the importunities with which I am every day assailed. — ^A. J.] Digitized by Microsoft® 206 LETTERS, ETC. [1843. [From Hon. S. H. JEkeritt.'] Galteston, February 'rth, 1843. Hon. Anson Jones : SiE, — I am now building suitable buildings iu the Sabine Lake, on a small shell island known as Doom's Island, lying within the jurisdiction of the United States, for conducting a receiving and forwarding business ; from the peculiar position of the land on the borders of the lake on the Texas side, there is no point that can be made available for this purpose ; and I have made up my mind to domiciliate myself within the bounds of the State of Louisiana, for the purpose of conducting this general kind of mercantile business. Humor has informed me that an impression prevails at the seat of Government and other points, that my object in commencing this enterprise is for the sole purpose of establishing a smuggling depot. I taKe this method of making known to you that my object and desire are to conduct a strictly legal and legitimate and regu- lar mercantile business, and that I have no desire or wish to aid or assist, directly or indirectly, the defrauding the Government of Texas or the United States of one doUar of revenue ; but that, on the contrary, I shall cheerfully give my best efforts in any manner that they may be useful to the suppression of every description of contraband trade. I will add that I most heartily concur in the policy of the President in the financial position he has assumed ; that I will and have been doing all I can to sus- tain his policy, both as regards the imposts and direct taxation, as an evidence of which I will cite you the fact of my having taken the onerous duty of collecting the direct taxes of Jasper county upon my shoulders, because no one else was willing to be security for the sheriff to enable him to qualify himself for that duty. I appeal to you as a friend and as an officer, to correct any erroneous impressions that may be afloat, (if any in regard to this matter,) and I ask you to lay these facts before his Ex- cellency the President, with an assurance that I most heartily concur in his Administration, both as regards his external as well as internal policy, and that I am disposed and will do all in my power to sustain it. Tou, sir, have known me long enough to place confidence in these declarations. Digitized by Microsoft® 1843.] LETTERS, ETC. 207 May I beg the favor of a reply to this communication, (ad- dressed to this place,) and will you state to me, frankly, if you think that any possible injury can result to the revenue of this country by the establishment of this business at that point. My own impression is that I may be of service to the Government as well as her citizens, — ^besides, there are now one or two small retail concerns on the United States side of the Sabitie, who, I think, may be broken up by having a wholesale concern at the point I am now building. There must be some place for the receiving and forwarding the cotton of Texas at the mouths of the Neches and Sabine. The Sabine pass is not suitable, because flat boats coming down the river cannot cross the lake with safety ; and that, and keel boats, are the only kind of boats that can at this time come down the river Neches, and it will require much labor before steamboats can navigate the river. Cotton can be brought down the river from Jasper county at an expense of $1 per bale, and from Nacogdoches for $1 50 to $2; while the ex- pense of shipping to Natchitoches is from $5 to $7 50 per bale ; and the expense on a bale of cotton shipped to New Or- leans from Natchitoches is quite as much as it would be to ship the bale of cotton from the Sabine Lake to New Orleans, or to Galveston. With great respect, I have the honor to be, dear sir, your very obedient servant, S. H. EvBKirr. [From Hon. Wm. Henry Daingerjield, Secretary of the Treas- ury, Minister at the Hague, tfec] Galteston, Feb. 4th, 1843. Mt deae Doctoe, — I wrote you a hasty note at the de- parture of the last boat ; the bell was ringing at the time, and red ink was not only the nearest at hand, but the only fluid I could dip my pen in. I obtained from Cruger and Moore the three copies of the laws for which I held your order, and gave them a receipt on the back of it. Your letter to P. Edmunds, of this place, for the copy of Kennedy's Texas, which you lent him, was delivered. He then stated that he would hand it to Digitized by Microsoft® 208 LETTERS, ETC. [1843. me as soon as he could obtain it from a friend to wliom he had lent it. He now says he cannot obtain it. I am much disap- pointed in this, as I know not where I shall procure a copy. Edmunds states that he forwarded the box for Dr. Smith, and took a bin of lading for it. In my last, I stated to you that Mr. Kauffman had detained the information with regard to the Hanse Towns. I thought you might require it as speedily as possible, and consequently sent it up in my hurried note. Subsequent conversation with Mr. K. convinces me the information was correct. The Hanse towns are governed by a Senate — the presiding officer of which body is the Executive. There is no such person known to the State as a Secretary of Foreign Affairs. He infers, therefore, with justice, I think, that the Senate of the free city of Bremen would be the proper address, and so as to Hamburg, Lubeck, and Frankfort. The Bremen trade is of growing importance here ; and there is at present a Mr. Brower, the representative of a house of capital in Bremen, who has come over for the purpose of extending the mercantile relations with that place. I dined last night with the Viscount de Cramayel. Captain Elliot was there, and Count Leiningen and Col. Hockley, and your humble servant. The Count is very anxious about that first, that last, that only despatch about the " vines." "Whether he considers it of importance by reason of the great moral truth which it inculcates, that it is better to get drunk on good wine of France, than on bad vine de Kentuck, as the Spaniard has it ; or whether any other reason impels the Viscount, such, for instance, as retrieving the overthrow which he met in his en- counter with his Excellency, by running a career with the Hon. Secretary of State, I cannot pretend to determine. If the latter be the moving cause, I fear, I mean I hope, or rather, I know, he wiU but add a second defeat to his first disaster. Tour department is particularly interested through the Post-office Bureau in the Change Notes. The law only au- thorizes one, two, and three dollar bills to be issued. The President has ordered me verbally to get them as low as a bit, or 12^ cents. Will you be kind enough to see that this order is sent to me in writing, to New Orleans, as early as possiile. I like Capt. Elliot very much indeed ; he seems a frank, Digitized by Microsoft® 1848.] LETTERS, ETC. 209 bold, honest-liearted Englishman, and although a good repah- Ucan, a downright and detemiined hater of loathsome moboc- racy, insubordination, and mutiny in the ranks. He seems to entei'taiii the greatest possible confidence in the President, and he swears by the usual English shibboleth, that in some manner or other, the question of recognition is to be solved by the Ex- ecutive Avithin the next six months. Over our wine he offered me to bet that it would ; I, of course, dechned. He thinks there is some mystery in my going on to Washington. I have written to the President to "hit him agen" on the subject of annexation. Since writing the letter, I have dined with him, and think that that is the spot between wind and water with him. I shall leave here to-day in the Neptune, and shah, remain as short a time as possible in New Orleans, in order to get to Washington before the Congress rises. The treaty came near getting a ducking, but reached here in safety at last. We had a horrid time of it down. Wishing you, my dear Doctor, every possible blessing, and begging that you wUl commend me most kindly to your good lady, I remain, very sincerely, your friend, Wm. Henet Daingbefielb. Hon. Anson Jokdes, Secretary of State : P. S. — I write by this same mail to the President my letter of resignation, and a private letter. * * * As it regards exchequers, they seem to promise well enough, if they are sparingly issued in fiiture. The collections here during the last month have amounted to $6,000 ; during the last quarter to $46,000. The present custom-house rate is |0 VO. Borden has put funds at Houston to meet the various drafts, and to prevent their accumulation here. Drafts on the East had, I think, better be given for any amounts which may be paid beyond the current expenses of the civil list. I shall write you from New Orleans by return of Neptune, and shall be able to state more definitely the time of my leaving there. Again, God bless you, and adieu. Yours, sincerely, Wm, Henkt Daingebfield. 14 Digitized by Microsoft® 210 LETTERS, ETC. [1843. [From W. D. Miller^ Esq., Private Secretary to the Fresident^ March 4th, 1843. Mt deae Sie, — Accompanying, you ■will have an account of my services in your department up to the 1st iast. ; also, the original draft of the same, presented to you a few days since. The latter appears not to be drawn up in due form. Please, therefore, cancel or destroy it. Upon advisement, I have made out the account for specific items of service, and not for a regular salary ; and have left the respective amounts which may be allowed me to be filled up by yourself, as you may deem right and proper. You know some- thing of the amount and value of the labor performed, and therefore, whatever allowance you shall make will be to me en- tirely satisfactory. I shall leave it exclusively to you, with the hope that I may be relieved from the task of specifying my own compensation. I use this occasion. Doctor, to assure you of the grateful feelings with which your kind partiality has filled me in refer- ence to the labor which I have performed for your Department. I am willing to encounter the severest exertion to secure even the smallest pittance. Necessity compels me to it ; and for the facilities you have afforded me, rely upon it, you are, and shall be, long remembered by Tour obliged and obedient servant, W. D. Miller. To Dr. Anson Jones, Present. [From a. D. Johnson, Esq., Postmaster at Oalvestonl\ Galveston, March 14th, 1843. Deae Doctoe, — I feel under many obligations to you for your kind letter by Mr. Toler. You say " it is my wish that you should receive an adequate compensation for the perform- ance of the duties of Postmaster at Galveston, and every facihty consistent with existing laws will be extended." You see. Doctor, from the returns which I have made to the Post-office Department, that the compensation is totally inadequate. I have made advances for the office here. I do not know what Digitized by Microsoft® 1848.] LETTEES, ETC. 211 can be done. I should bo under additional obligations to you if you would write me privately on this subject. I am willing to attend faithfully to the office, but am not in a situation to work for nothing. Any thing you can do for me will be duly appreciated. I am much pleased with Judge Toler. I men- tioned to him that a small expenditure here would render great facilities in forwarding the mails ; they can very frequently be sent down the coast and up the Trinity ; but I do not feel au- thorized even to make a charge for drayage, as this office is in debt, and the great object with me has been to make it pay at any rate. The captains of the boats have thrown every ob- stacle in my way — will not take even a silver dollar if it has been hammered. There is no accommodation about them, and I am compelled to get silver for them at the best rates I can, let the sacrifice be what it may, or they are making great com- plaints in the papers. They have invariably received the two cent dues on each letter. I hope to hear from you very soon. I am, with the greatest esteem. Your friend, R. D. JoHisrsoiir. Hon. Anson Jones, Secretary of State, Washington, Texas. \From Soil. Isaac Van Zandt, Minister to the United States^ Washin&ton City, 15th March, 1842 (3). Mt deae Sm, — I received by the hands of Col. Daingerfield on Thursday last your private letter of 23d January, and de- signed to have made an immediate answer, but have been so engaged otherwise, that I have been prevented up to the present moment. I forwarded you by the maU of day before yesterday a volu- minous despatch, which wUl put you in possession of a knowl- edge of our affairs here, and of the situation of the treaty, together with some of the causes of the unfavorable termina- tion. The outrageous and abominable slanders which have been uttered at home, and sent here abroad, have kept me in a constant state of excitement. No man who has a spark of respect for the standing of his country, could have seen and beheld the effects which have been produced here in the public mind, but what would have felt the deepest mortification and Digitized by Microsoft® 212 LETTERS, ETC. [1843. regret. The great mass of the people here do not know how to appreciate these things ; they take the movements of a faction for the action of the great body of the community, and the dis- torted and fanciful pictures of a poisoned and maUgnant letter- writer, as the emanations of truth and patriotism. If they were but compared with the licentious publications which emanate from the press of this country, where the highest are denomi- nated traitors, and the most honest as the essence of all that is mean and hase, more correct conclusions might be drawn in regard to the truth of the stories of our shame, as published at home and bruited abroad. I am satisfied that our affairs are bad enough at home, and sometimes beyond endurancCj almost ; but what advantage it can be to onr own citizens to exaggerate and publish them abroad, I know not. But it is unfortunately the case with some, if they cannot obtain fame, they must have infamy. If these same efforts were turned to an advocacy of the supremacy of the laws, and the suppression of insubordination, their authors might merit the praise of their country, instead of deserving its censure and odium. But I leave this subject, with a hope that these things may yield to the stern voice of reason, and soon we may see those who so lately were ready to tarnish the fair fame of their own land, boldly standing forth in its behalf, and, with the determination of the Roman of old, proclaim to op- posing foes, " We are united, and for our country, right or wrong." I have not heard any thing from you in relation to the old treaty between Mexico and the United States. In the private communication I made to Mr. Archer, I am satisfied I took the proper ground that the same is at an end between Texas and the United States. If I am correct, I suggest to you the pro- priety of immediately putting the five per cent, additional duties upon United States shipments under our statute, which provides for levying such duty upon those countries which are not permitted to enter upon the payment of domestic duty. It could not fail to have a salutary influence upon our affairs in this country. The people would begin to see the advantages and disadvantages which wiU attend them upon refusing us fair treaty stipulations, and that we are not the only party that can Digitized by Microsoft® 1S43.] LETTEES, ETC. 213 be beiiofited by an equal arrangement. Some of the people of this country are disposed to think that they can claim what they please at our hands, and we will yield it, of course ; that there is no danger of our going to Europe to make commercial arrangements to their prejiidice. Now, I think it our policy, at this time, to endeavor to alarm them to some extent on this subject. If a proper course is pursued, I think we shall be ena- bled to obtain an adoption of the treaty next winter in its origi- nal shape, if we do not by that time accomplish one of greater importance to us. I have strong hopes that this Government and France will take a stand in our behalf. The late view I have presented to the President on the subject of English efforts in Texas has aroused him very considerably, and if mat- ters were settled here, he would undoubtedly make a move. Mr. Webster will leave the State Department very soon. Though friendly to us, he is very much in the way at present ; he is timid, and wants nerve, and is fearful of his abolition con- stituents in Massachusetts. I think it likely Upshur will suc- ceed him ; if he does, it will be one of the best appointments for us. His whole soul is with us. He is an able man, and has the nerve to act. I regret Cushing's rejection ; though from I the North, he was with us. If Wise be elected again, he will do us as much good as if he had went to Prance. He is a per- fect thorn in the side of old John Quincy Adams. The Presi- dent, though much abused, is gaining ground ; the democrats and moderate whigs are falling into his ranks, and coming to his support. Our principal strength in this country is with the democrats. Our own success here depends much on the politi- cal turns in this country. The President said to me the other day in a private interview, " Encourage your people to be quiet, and to not grow impatient. We are doing all we can to , annex you to us, but we must have time." If the President ^ concludes be can make capital by the move, or can secure the ratification, he will make the treaty as early as he can after- wards ; but the opposition is so great, that he moves very cau- tiously indeed, and I think very properly, too. You will per- ceive the importance of keeping all these things (whether men- tioned in my despatches, or private letters) from the public eye. If they were known here, the effects would be bad Digitized by Microsoft® .214 LETTERS, ETC. [1843. indeed upon the President, and create great opposition to him from a certain quarter. What may be the final determination of this Government upon the various matters which we have submitted to it, of course cannot be known yet ; consequently, I think it behooves the government (of Texas) to look around and see what can be done elsewhere, in the event that we should not accomplish any thing here ; for this reason I heartily approve of the mis- sion of Mr. Daingerfield to Europe. I have heard very flatter- ing accounts of the good impressions made by Mr. Smith, but ' he has his hands full in Prance and England. If the United States decUne our commerce on fair terms, we may find it an advantage to carry it elsewhere ; and these missions will, of course, show us what can be done in other countries ; though I hope we will finally secure what we desire by an annexation to this country. I expected you would have said something in your letter about the appropriation of Congress. Not having done so, I desire to call your attention to the matter. I have money enough to pay my expenses until the 20th April or 1st May, by which time I hope to receive a remittance from you. * * I hope the Indian treaty has been concluded. It is the only policy that can save the frontier from their ravages. You might as well attempt to exterminate the crows as to kill them all off. ******* Your sincere and devoted friend, I. Van Zandt. Hon. Anson Jones, Secretary of State. [JFrom the /Same.] Washington, 16th March, 1843. Hon. Ajsson Jones : Mt dbae Sib, — I received by last night's mail your private letter of the I7th ult., together with a despatch of that date to myself, and two large packages for Col. Daingerfield, who is now absent in Baltimore. I wrote you by yesterday's mail a long private letter ; but as some remarks in your private note last received demand reply, I hasten to answer. You say I have taken you severely to task for not writing me. Digitized by Microsoft® 1843.] LETTERS, ETC. 215 &e. When I read this remark, I was astonished. I take you to task. Let me assure you, my dear sir, that such was never my intention. I have recurred to the correspondence to which you aUude, and confess, perhaps, the language used is not suffi- ciently guarded, and might be given a different construction to that which I designed. But while I would utterly disclaim any intention of arrogating to myself the authority to call you to task, I am satisfied you will readily excuse any warmth of ex- pression used by me in relation to a want of attention to me on your part, when you reflect on the circumstances which sur- rounded me. Appearing here as the representative of my loved and adopted country, aroused at every attack on her character and reputation, solicitous about her honor and her standing, conscious of the high motives and purposes of her authorities, and witnessing the calumnies and abuse which were daily heaped upon her, you will not think strange, that in my ardor and zeal to defend her from these attacks, and place her right before the authorities here, that I regretted that I had heard nothing from you about those matters, and that I felt deeply the want of your high testimony to enable me, a young, inexperienced, unskilful, but, I trust, sincere advocate, to do justice to her cause, by striking down with the weapons of offi- cial and authenticated truths, the hand of falsehood and slander which had been raised for her destruction. These were the circumstances which surrounded me when I dictated the lan- guage which you think takes you to task, but which I again disclaim having so intended. You say again, that when you were here the Government seldom wrote you, and that you did not complain, but supposed the Secretary of State knew Ms business better than you did. Now if this is designed to apply to me, let me assure you that it does not fit. I am too conscious of the ability, the knowledge, the experience, and wisdom of the incumbent of that high office, to think one moment of vieing with him in the knowledge of the important duties of his exalted station. It would be an ar- rogance and presumption wholly inexcusable in one so little giAed as myself. Aside from this, I hope I appreciate too highly the dignity of your rank to attempt to complain in the spirit of dictation. This, though a singular manner of com- Digitized by Microsoft® 216 LETTERS, ETC. [1843. plaint, seems to be so construed by tile manner of intimation. I hope tMs, sir, will set the matter all right, and show, that though my language may have been uncourtly, that my motives were not rude ; and ia future, should any such discrepancies appear, you will set it down to the same account. Your official despatches shall receive my immediate atten- tion. I saw a gentleman yesterday from Eastern Texas, who pre- sents a favorable state of affairs in that quarter. I hope our affairs wiU generally assume a better shape soon. I here take occasion to express to you my grateful and sincere thanks for the many able and voluminous despatches which I have lately received from your department. Accept, dear sir, my best wishes, and believe (me) with abounding regard and true friendship. Your most obedient servant, I. Van Zakdt. Mr. Raymond desii-es me to present his respects to you. Hon. Anson Jones, Secretary of State, &c. [From ike Same.] Washington City, 16th March, 1843. Hon. AsrsoN Jones : Deap. Sie, — ^For the third time since yesterday morning, I set down to write you. My attention was this moment directed to the Texian and Brazos Farmer of the 18th February, in which two extracts of my despatches are given with long com- ments, which are well drawn, and replete with sound sense. But, sir, I call your attention to these extracts, and ask you to examine them, and see if they do not contain matter which should not have been published at this time under official sanc- tion, names, &c. The first extract of a conversation related between Mr. Webster and myself, I see no objection to pub- lishing, if his name and mine had been omitted. Do you think Mr. Webster wiU communicate with me freely upon a matter of that importance which is then before the Senate in secret session, and tell me the opposition, &c., if this conversation is to become a subject of newspaper publication forthwith before Digitized by Microsoft® 1848.] LETTERS, ETC. 217 the matter is disposed of, with his name and all attached to it ? It is impossible to think otherwise than that he would not com- mmiicate to me further than he would discuss a question in Brown or Gadsby's hotel. I repeat again, that the publication might be made to an advantage without the names. The second paragraph alludes to the United States Bank opposition. This matter was communicated to me by Mr. Moffit, who had learned it through a gentleman then in this city, but I received the information not to make it public here. I am compelled to derive many such facts from confidential sources. These efforts were made secretly by the bank agents, and not known to the public. It might be published Ukewise, but not as official, for it at once shows to these agents that I have learned their move- ments, and consequently they would become more guarded towards me, or gentlemen with whom I might be intimate. The first part of the extract, so far as the dissensions of the people are concerned, I would proclaim aloud if I were in Texas ; and consequently, I am alone individually concerned in its publicity, and I am desirous for the people to know the im- mense injuries they work to our cause. But the last paragraph of the extract should not have been published until the treaty was disposed of. What was the meaning conveyed by that ? I believed that there Avere individuals of the Senate who were imder the influence of the bank, (although the same is dead in law, it is yet a host within itself,) and might not be disposed, from feelings of abolition, &o., to do us fuU justice, or, at aU events, to act upon these matters without prejudice. I have not particularized, it is true ; but then, who are these Senators alluded to ? Each one may ask himself the question. Now, in order that I may do the country good, it is necessary that I should have aU the good will possible of every individual in this community, whether he is in a high or low station, or with- out station. I conceive it my duty to let the Government know aU which I learn in relation to our affairs. But let me assure you that I have opposition enough here from the ene- mies of the country, without making personal opponents. I re- gretted the comments upon the coui'se of Senators about being led astray by Gfrunter, Zeaoh, and Drummer. 1 certainly cannot object to the course pursued bv Judge Johnson towards Digitized by Microsoft® 218 • LETTEES, ETC. [1843. the assailants of the Administration ; but surely I think it not proper to drag Senators into the quarrel by placing them under the influence of Grunter <& Co., whoever they may be. I have written you much confidential conversation with the President and Cabinet ofiicers. I do hope these things wiU not be pub- lished, especially with their names standing out in bold rehef The President said to me, in a confidential conversation, " I hope it is unnecessary, to remind you of the importance of not making these matters of public notoriety." I did not think it necessary to write at length always upon this matter. I know that these publications were permitted with the best views towards the country, the parties mentioned, and myself; but deferring as to the manner, I hope you will excuse the no- tice I have taken of the matter. The private communication I made to Mr. Archer, which I have sent you, I have his consent to publish, but I desired to consult you first as to the propriety. I think it might be well to publish it — in that event, it would be republished here, and, I think, caU the public to the impor- tance of the treaty, that it may be reconsidered at the next session here, when the public mind becomes settled, and con- fidence restored. I submit these hasty reflections for your candid consider- ation. I hope you wUl consider them as they are designed, not as dictations, but suggestions, which have occurred to me in glancing over the Texian. If I have put much stress upon these matters, your wisdom will of course correct my error. I received a private letter this evening from the President. I am glad to hear that he stands unshaken amidst the tempest. I hope the Cabinet will likewise, stand as pillars of state, which are neither shaken by the winds of faction nor the storms of op- position. I received to-night your communication of Slst January. I have received others yesterday of a later date. Remember me to the President. In haste, I remain truly and sincerely, . Your friend and obedient servant, I. Van Zandt. \^Endorsed. — When the publications complained of were made, the " treaty " was dead and buried in the United States Digitized by Microsoft® 1843.] LETTERS, ETC. 219 Senate. They did not reach Washington City until twelve days after Congress adjourned. I no longer think it policy to maintain an attitude of supplication towards the United States, but will try a different course. We have begged long enough — too long, indeed. — ^A. J.] [M-oni Stexoart Newell, Esq., U. S. Consul, Galveston.] HoirsTON, April 5tli, 1843. Hon. ANSoiir Jones : Deae Sie, — ^Upon my journey to this city I met Captain Elliot, who informed me of the recent gratifying intelligence of propositions forwarded to the President by Santa Anna. Having, as you are aware, commenced early in the cause of Texas to advocate and aid her then uncertain prospects, the news communicated, although very uncertain as to its advan- tages generally to Texas, yet I could not but feel highly inter- ested and gratified to know that sUently but certainly her growth has been such, that Mexican pride has been so far humbled as to make concessions to Texas unasked, and partic- ularly after the usual insulting and boasting manner which here- tofore characterized the Mexican references to Texas, or any matters appertaining to her ; and now let me ask of you the favor, if not inconsistent with your official duties, to let me know from you your opinion relative to these propositions, as to the advantages or disadvantages to Texas in the acceptance or re- fusal of them. They are looked upon here as a ruse de guerre on the part of Santa Anna, to delay, on the part of Texas, the reported invasion across the Rio Grande ; and should commis- sioners be deputed to Mexico, our friend Gen. Houston vriU no doubt select gentlemen of clear and cool judgment, firmness, and decision, interested in the general welfare of the country, and willing to sacrifice private interests when the issue is their ovra or their country's welfare ; and knowing the strong per- sonal friendship existing between Generals Houston and Hen- derson, I hope he may be selected, as one possessing all these qualifications ; and should a treaty be made with Mexico, who can calculate the immense advantages to accrue to Texas ? And little as I am disposed to ask from the Government any thing Digitized by Microsoft® 220 LETTERS, ETC. [1843. that would render me else than a plain citizen of the republic, yet, should a Secretary of Legation to such an embassy be ap- pointed, I trust, from your personal acquaintance with me, you will not consider me as asking too much by offering my services in that capacity, the honor of which I will endeavor to merit, and gratify the great desire I have always entertained to render service to our country whenever the opportunity offered, to identify myself with her. I have the honor to be most respectfully your ob't servant, Stbwaet Newell. [Endorsed. — In reference to Mexican Commissioners, and wishes the Secretaryship. — ^A. J.] [From, Son. Isaac Van Zandt.'] Washington, D. C, 5th April, 1843. Hon. Anson Jones, &c., &c., &c. : Deae Sie, — ^With this you will receive a lengthy despatch to your department, with a copy of my communication to Mr. "Webster. I had hoped that before this time the United States would have taken a decided step in our affairs, but you will per- ceive in this I have been mistaken. The late apparent misun- derstanding between the British Ministry and this Government in relation to the construction of the late treaty concluded by Ashburton and Webster, and the controversy between Gen. Cass and Mr. Webster in regard to the same subject, seem to have engrossed the whole of Mr. Webster's attention. This subject is likely to keep him in the department longer than was intended a short time ago. I think he will not probably retire untU this discussion is closed. I had a conversation with the President on Monday last upon the subject of our Mexican relations. He said he was clearly of opinion that it was high time that the war should cease, and that he was for action in the matter, and had so said to Mr. Webster, but that Mr. Webster had not acted as promptly in the matter as he desired ; that he would return from Boston in a few days, when he would again call his attention to the mat ter : he said Mr. Webster's reasons were that he was greatly Digitized by Microsoft® 1843.] LETTERS, ETC. 221 absorbed in tlleir own affairs across the water. I fear there is not the best understanding among all the secretaries at this time, (I speak this of com-se confidentially.) Mr. Tyler cer- tainly feels embarrassed from the opposition which surromids him, and any attempt to force his matters too strong would pos- sibly produce an explosion, which is certainly much to be dreaded. Every thing in the administration is assuming a democratic form throughout as fast as possible. Removals are frequent, and will soon be extended abroad. I have it from a high source that Judge Eve will be sent for soon. Gen. Murphy, of Ohio, will succeed him : this may be certainly depended on, though the matter has not been hinted here out of the ranks of those presumed to know. Several other foreign gentlemen will be recalled soon. Col. Daingerfield was at Baltimore a few days ago, and bound for his mother's, down on the eastern shore. He wrote me he would soon be ready to sail for Europe, but would visit me before he sailed. I hope before this reaches you, you will have sent me some small change, for my necessities are begin- ning to press upon me. Col. Daingerfield told me that you had an impression that I had received drafts on the eastern custom- house and obtained par funds, — this is not correct. Mr. Borden was directed to enter me a credit on the books of his ofiice at Galveston. McKinney and WLUiams gave me a draft on Balti- more for |500, and was to have disposed of the balance to my credit. I have not received another doUar from them. On the contrary, I drew a draft on H. H. WiUiams of Baltimore for $200, which has been protested. I state this fact to correct an impression that probably I did not need funds, and to show you I am really needing the appropriation. My board and expenses are paid up to this time, but now I have not ten dollars on hand. I hope you will not suffer me to get behind hand so long as I hve within my income. I had to spend much of my own funds to get here, but I have spent all I had — I rely with confidence on your assistance. Salute the President for me. In haste, your sincere friend and obedient servant, I. Van Zandt. Mr. Raymond desires me to present his respects to you. P. S. — ^I must take occasion to tender you my sincere ao- Digitized by Microsoft® 222 LETTERS, ETC. [1848. knowledgments for the several very able communications I have received from your department during tlie last month. Thine, I. V. Z, [JFVom the Same.'] Washington Citt, 19th AprU, 1843. Mt deae Sie, — I send you with this a lengthy despatch, which will give you a notion of matters and things here gener- ally. I regret that I have not been enabled to procure the action of this Government in our affairs ; but as you know mat- ters and things of State move slowly, especially when the wheels are much weakened and clogged, as is somewhat the case with Captain Tyler at this time, he is trying to fix things up to get a good headway — or, as our country boys would say, he is stop- ping to spit on his hands in order to get better hold. He is trying to roU the stones out of his way, but sometimes he has to roU them up hiU, and when he lets go to take another up the last roUs back, so you see he has a hard time of it. He is good pluck, however, and wont easily give up the ship. He is en- deavoring to repair his vessel, — whenever he finds a piece of the rigging that looks very ultra, he is very apt to remove it and put a moderate or conservative looking piece in its place. I think, from present appearances, democracy/ will be seen written upon his flag in big letters when it is hoisted to the masthead. If the Captain succeeds in getting a full crew on board who will be ready to obey orders when the word is given to beat to quarters, I think he wiU give a broadside that wiU tell for the lone star. In my despatch I allude to some essays which I design to write ; I will submit you a brief of the outline which I think I shaU. pursue, and if you have a leisure moment I should be much pleased to have any suggestion you may think of, or any correc- tion you deem necessary in the points selected. * * * * I hope soon to hear from you in relation to a little of the all needful, which is much needed by me about this time. * * * I shall be in arrears for my post-office bill this month — last month it was upwards of $30, and all silver you know. You must ex cuse me for alluding to this subject so often ; it is an old prov- Digitized by Microsoft® 1S43.] LETTERS, ETC. 223 erb, that " out of the fulness of the heart the mouth speaketh," but this is my version — because of the emptiness of the pocket the pen writeth. ****** In haste, with sentiments of great respect, I remain sincerely your friend and obedient servant, I. Yan Zaotjt. Hon. Anson Jones, &c., &c., &o., Washington, Texas. IFrom John Sail, Esq., Chief Clerk of State Department^ ■Washington, April 30th, 1843. Sib, — ^Enclosed you -will find blanks, which will convey to you fully the suggestions that I have heretofore alluded to in respect to our commissioners. I have submitted them to Mr. Miller, placing, as I do, a high value upon his judgment in mat- ters of this kind, and it affords me much pleasure to state that they are approved by him. I send you a copy of a recent proc- lamation of the President, which is perhaps the only item of news that may be to you in anywise interesting. I await your return with much anxiety, as I deem your pres- ence here in every way important. I am, sir, with much respect, your obedient servant, John Hall. To Hon. Anson Jones, Secretary of State, Galveston. [From Mr. Am/mon Underwood^ Columbia, Texas, 18th May, 1843. Hon. Ansok Jokes : Deae Sm, — ^I leave in the morning for Massachusetts. I would have been happy to have given you possession of our house before starting. * * * j know, my dear sir, that you are not much disposed to correspond where there is not an absolute necessity for doing so ; but if you could do me the honor of addressing me that which is new and interesting, ad- dressing me as per direction for Mrs. Jones, I would feel very much gratified. I feel for you a respect, believing that the high station you fill is honored, and the .country benefited by your talents ; and conclude you will yet fill, with honor to yourself Digitized by Microsoft® 224 LETTERS, ETC. [1843. and advantage to the republic, the highest station within the gift of the people. All of which is sincerely hoped by your friend, A. Undeewood. [M-om Gen- Ed. Morehouse.] HotrsTON, 26th June, 1843. Mt dbae Doctoe, — ^I should have been at your place before this but from being prevented with the piles, which prevented my mounting a horse. I trust in a few days I may have the pleasure of meeting you. There is nothing stirring in our town of much interest. All excitement has in a manner died. General Rusk was here and made a speech; whilst here there was much specu- lation on the probabilities of his being a successful candidate for the Presidency. I learn since he has declined running for the office of President, and that Gen. Lamar and others may be ex- pected in the field. I would soberly ask what the d — 1 are we to do ? I shall suspend any opinion on that subject until I see you! Much exertion is used here to start an anti-administration candidate for Congress. D. G. Burnet is spoken of, but I think it will be no go. I am in hopes we shall be able to elect Jeff. Wright. I am anxious to visit you and return before election. I have a thousand things to say to you when we meet. * * With high respect I am yours, &c., E. MOEEHOUSE. Dr. Anson Jones, Washington. [M-om James Surke, Esql\ Houston, July 1st, 1843. Hon. Ansok Jones : Deae Feiend, — I enclose a copy of a prize essay which has been forwarded to me by the author for circulation among the intelligent audi patriotic portion of our feUow-citizens. Mead it — I know you will be pleased with it. Call the attention of his Excellency to it. Loan it among your friends. My knowledge of your friendship to sound morals, and your desire for their Digitized by Microsoft® 184S.] LETTERS, ETC. 225 prevalence in the country of our adoption, induces me to send you this " Appeal to a Patriot." Hoping to see you at Columbia during the summer, and with my best respects to your excellent lady and your little " respon- sibility," or (it may be by this time) responsibilities, and hoping that your first son may be President of Texas, I remain, with great respect^ your friend. Jambs Btjeke. [^From Dr. Moses Johnson.] Independence, July 3d, 1843. Feiend Jokes, — I write you on a subject I intended to have spoken to you on when there, (at Washington,) which is that of a notary public at this place. If there is any vacancy in this county, or if it is discretionary with the Executive, we should like to have one here ; it would certainly be very convenient, as we now have to go to Mount Vernon or Washington for no- tarial acts. Major Moses Park would please as well as any, and I promised to speak for him. He is justice of the peace, and would like the other office. * * * I had another talk with Col. Butler, * * * He says Houston has done but two things wrong, and they were not illegal, — calling the extra session at Houston, and removing the archives. * * Please let me know what is determined on in reference to candidates for the Presidency, &c. I think, from what I discovered since I saw you, if you run as the Houston candidate, and Houston will take some trouble for you, the chance maybe good ; and I think he would be glad to see you succeed him, for he thinks you the greatest man in Texas, or nearly so. He told me he had rather have you for Secretary of State than Daniel Webster. I remain, with much esteem, your friend, Moses Johnsok. Hon. Anson Jones, Secretary of State, Washington. [From Hon. James Meilly.] Houston, July 5th, 1843. Hon. Anson Jones : SiE, — Will you do me the favor to let me have from your department a copy of the treaty which I had the honor to con- 15 Digitized by Microsoft® 226 LETTBKS, ETC. [1843. elude with Mr. Webster on the part of the United States, for publication ? The treaty, as I am informed, having failed before the United States Senate, I imagine there can be no impropriety in giving it to the public. I regret the failure very much, and should have viewed the outlay I incurred but as a trifling mat- ter could it have been consummated. We have no news here. Our eyes now turn principally to your place for matters of interest. We rejoice in the prospect of peace. I hope, and I believe, that under the management of yourself and associates, all wUl be well. With sentiments of highest respect, yours, James Redlit. [From Gapt. Charles Elliot, H. B. M. Gliwgk d^Affaires.] Galveston, July 7th, 1843. Mt deae Sie, — It would have given me great pleasure to meet your wishes respecting the immediate appointment of a consular agent at Corpus Christi, and I believe with you that nothing would tend more to the encouragement of friendly dis- positions than the growth of a flourishing trade with the settle- ments west of the Rio Grande. But my instructions forbid me from making any appointment without the sanction of Lord Aberdeen, notwithstanding the general powers of my commis- sion. I have already prepared a despatch to his lordship upon the subject, and I am sure Gen. Houston's wishes will always have great weight with him. Understanding that Mr. N. P. Aubrey would be an acceptable person to the President, I would gladly name him as soon as I have received this due authority. The very bad state of health of my little one, and indeed my own liability to fever and ague at this season of the year, prevent me from paying you a visit. Accept my cordial con- gratulations on the mending appearance of aflTairs. If wisdom and honorable disregard of weightless public clamor can consti- tute any title to full success, no man will deserve it more than the General ; and I have a strong confidence, and have always had, that a peace will be signed during his administration. We are looking hourly for the steamboat from New Orleans. Digitized by Microsoft® 1843.] LETTERS, ETC. ' 227 With my compliments to Mrs. Jones, beKeve me, my dear sir, very truly yours, Charles Elliot. The Hon. Anson Jones, &o., &c., &o. [i'Vom Gen. E. M. Tarrant.] Boston, July 6th, 1843. To Anson Jones, Secretary of State : SiB, — Having become a candidate for the high and respon- sible ofBce of Major-General of the militia of Texas, and believ- ing, as I do, that no man should hold on to one ofBce while he is endeavoring to get another, thereby wishing to monopolize — and as I hold monopolies of every description anti-republican, I for these reasons tender this as my resignation of the office of Brigadier-General of the Fourth Brigade Texas Militia, and hope his Excellency will receive the same and order a new elec- tion for my successor. If permitted, I would suggest that the election should come on as soon as practicable. If the President would order the election to be held at the time and place of the general election for representatives, it would save the people some time, and there would be a more general turn out. I would be happy, sir, to receive the vote of my friend the Secretary of State, but can hardly calculate on it, as it is with considerable degree of diffidence and reluctance that I offer my pretensions to the people of Texas for that high and responsible office, as I know they are limited as well as my acquaintances ; but there is one thing I promise, that is to discharge my duty, if elected, and obey orders if I break owners. I am. Sir, with high respect, your friend, E. H. Taeeant. [Self to John JSF. 0. Smith, Esq.] "Washington, July 9th, 1843. Mt dear Sir, — I was much pleased to learn through Major Scott that you had succeeded in purchasing the printing press, and that you were about to establish yourself again as the pub- lisher of a newspaper at the commercial emporium, Houston. I wish you every success in the enterprise, and that you may Digitized by Microsoft® 228 LETTERS, ETC. [1843. make it a source of permanent advantage to yourself and to the country ; and I beg leave to add, in all sincerity, that it will aflford me great gratification to see both of these objects attained by you, and to promote their attainment by any assist- ance it may be in my power to render. I think it is now a very favorable time for the commencement of your enterprise, and am well satisfied that with prudent, energetic, and proper man- agement, it wiU ultimately be successful. Should the present hopes of peace not prove illusory, there must soon be an im- mense impulse given to every kiud of business in Texas, in which event the advertising patronage to a paper at such a place as Houston, must necessarily become very considerable. I write to my friend Major Reilly to-day, and request him to employ his pen in writing for your paper, which I have no doubt he wiU. take pleasure in doing. Tour friends in this place will also lend a helpiag hand as far as they are able, particularly Mr. W. D. MiUer. Any communications you may receive through him you can confidently rely upon. Major Scott informs me you had concluded to change the name of the paper, but had not yet fixed upon another cogno- men. There -is undoubtedly much in a name, although " a rose by any other name would smell as sweet." As your location is at a commercial point, I have thought perhaps " Commercial Gazette," " Commercial Advertiser," or some such appellation, would be a good one. I shall leave in a day or two for Columbia, on the Brazos, where I shall remain some ten days or two weeks. I shall be happy to have a fine from you while there, and will trouble you to forward a copy of your paper (when published) to Dr. D. C. Gilmore at that place, and also some of your prospectuses. I remain truly your friend and servant, Anson Josms. To J. N. 0. Smith, Esq., Houston. [M-om J.N.O. Smith, JEkq.l Houston, July I'Tth, 1843. Deae Sie, — ^I have to acknowledge the receipt of your favor of the 9th inst., and at the same time to return you my thanks Digitized by Microsoft® IS-tS.] LETTERS, ETC. 229 for the obKging expressions and good wishes which it contains. Beheve me, Sir, when I say that in the discharge of the duties I have assumed, I shall ever be governed by a sincere desire to promote the interests and welfare of our country to the utmost of my humble ability. You will perceive by our prospectus, several of which I have forwarded to Dr. Gilmore, that we have adopted the title of " The Citizen." Had I received your sug- gestions a few days earlier, I should undoubtedly have adopted some of the titles you recommend ; and I now somewhat regret that I did not make a selection more apropos to a commercial community like ours, although, on the whole, I consider it of but little importance. Our prospects are sufficiently encourag- ing, if not to say flattering ; and I anticipate that by the fall we shall have a very considerable circulation — of the weekly paper particularly, which, you will perceive, we propose to publish at an unusually low rate, for papers of the size in Texas. The first number of our city paper wUl be published on Wednesday. I found the oifice, on taking possession, in a most miserable condition, and in order to get every thing fairly to rights, I shall not be able to pay as close attention to the paper for the first two or three weeks as I desire ; so, of course, all contributions of a proper character will be at all times welcome, and doubly so at present. ***** Respectfully your obedient servant, Jno. N". O. Smith. Hon. Anson Jones. [From Major Thos. G. Western.'] Houston, 13th July, 1843. Dr. An-sosr Jones, Washington : Mt deae Sir, — Various efibrts have I made, during the last few months, but in vain, to call your attention to the fact that the amount due me for rent of the offices occupied by your de- partment in this city during the last summer remains still un- paid, and I now take occasion to bring the subject again to your notice. The circumstances are of course all fi-esh in your mem- ory ; the contract was made with you ; the apartments were occupied by your officers ; the amount duly approved as the account became due, and were admitted to audit in the month Digitized by Microsoft® 230 LETTERS, ETC. [1843. of December last, but were not paid, as the appropriation, ac- cording to the Comptroller, was exhausted. However, this excuse might apply then or now. Congress, it seems, at its last session, made, as a matter of course, another appropriation for the contingent expenses of your department, of (one would suppose) sufficient magnitude to warrant the payment of last year's arrearages ; but I have nothing to do with this, the " mo- dus operandi " of your business, and I do not wish to encroach on your prerogative. What I want is the amount due me, which is $111.33, without interest, in par funds, as per agree- ment ; though if nothing better can be had, and you say it is just that I should receive it, the exigencies of circumstances may require me to admit Exchequers^ though they are far from par value, as you know. I trust you will do something for me in this affair, and that I shall soon hear from you. Tours most truly, Thomas G. Westben. {From Self to Thos. G. Western.] Washington, July 19tli, 1843. Major Thos. G. Western : Mt deae Sik, — ^The duplicate copy of your letter came yes- terday to hand, the original having never been received. I re- gret you should have any cause to think there was neglect on my part, and do assure you such has not been my intention at least. Your claim for rent I know to be a just one, and the same has been approved. This was all that was in my power. The reason it was not paid, as has often been explained, was that the appropriation had been exhausted before you consented to re- ceive the Exchequer bills. You appear to think that as the appropriation for the last year was exhausted, and Congress had appropriated another contingent fund for the State Department, your claim should be paid out of that. In reply to this, I can only remind you, as I have already done Mr. Ruthven and Mr. Scott, that the con- tingent fund for 1843 is for the current expenses of this year, and it is not in my power to dispose of it otherwise than Con- gress intended. Digitized by Microsoft® 1S43.] LETTERS, ETC. 231 If in my power to do any thing for you in this matter, my dear Major, you, I know, do not doubt my willingness to serve you in any way I can, consistently with my duty; and if I have not the ability to accord you that justice which is so unques- tionably your due, and pay the amount of your claim, I beg you to attribute it not to my want of personal friendship and regard, which I assure you are as lively and sincere as ever. I remain faithfully and fraternally yours, Anson Jones. [From Col. James Jieilly.] Hon. Anson Jones : Sir, — I have to thank you for a copy of my unfortunate treaty forwarded by you to me for publication, accompanied by your kind letter, and both of which I found here on my ar- rival. I regret most sincerely the failure of the treaty before the United States Senate, and must believe that the remark of a distinguished ex-Senator of the United States was correct. When asked how its failure happened, he stated " that it was because Texas was not represented." I shall not pubhsh at pres- ent under the circumstances. Tour absence from Washington while I was there, I regret ; for, in addition to the pleasure of seeing you and convei'sing upon many subjects which I wished to do, I believe you would have had the amount of $1,180 for me, for which you audited my account, paid, whereas I only received $387. Tour flattering request that I should assist the worthy pro- prietor of " The Citizen," I will cheerfully do whenever he may need my services. ****** With sentiments of highest respect, yours truly. Jambs Reilly. [From Gen. J. P. Senderson.] San Augustine, July 23d, 1843. My deae Sir, — ^Tour friends in this region of Texas have been convinced for some time that Gen. Rusk would not be a candidate for the next Presidency ; and next to him, many of us believe that you have stronger claims on the country than Digitized by Microsoft® 232 LETTERS, ETC. [1843. any other gentleman who has been spoken of as a candidate. If Gen. Rusk had not dechned, I would have voted for him ; next to Rusk, I have always expressed myself favorable to your election, and would now, or at any time, with the candidates who I expect will be before the country, prefer you ; but, after making every inquiry with other of your strong friends here, (K. L. Anderson, Berry, Brooks, &c., &c.,) I am satisfied we could not concentrate a majority of Houston's friends upon you. I have lately been pretty well over the eastern counties, and have satisfied myself of this fact. I speak to you very plainly and candidly, just as I am sure you would wish me to speak, and I intend to say to Judge Lipscomb (who seems to be the strongest man with our friends in the East, and whom I will support in the event of his nomination) exactly what I have said to you above. Judge Ochiltree is the only one of your friends here who thinks you can be elected by the strong vote you will get west of the Trinity, together with what we could give you in the East. Judge Lipscomb has a large number of Alabama acquaintances in Eastern Texas, and aU others know him by reputation ; and from my personal acquaintance with him, I shall be perfectly content with him. I have advised our friends here not to call any meeting to nominate candidates for the Presidency and Vice-Presidency until we can hear and reflect more on the subject. Should it still be deemed by your ii-iends here useless to run you. Judge Lij)scomb will be the nominee for President and K. L. Anderson for the Vice-Presi- dency. The East entertain what seems to me a very foolish opinion in regard to the Presidency and Vice-Presidency, viz. : that they must always have either the one or the other elected from amongst themselves. With myself it matters not where the man lives, provided his character and views suit me. I would be glad to hear from you on this subject as soon as pos- sible. Tours very truly, J. PiNCKNET Henderson. [Note. — My course in the matter of the unconstitutional division of the Supreme Court in 1839 and 1840, has not been forgotten by Gen. H.'s friends in the East. This was a favorite measure with him and them ; defeated in the 4th and 5th Con- gresses, (of both which I was a Senator,) passed in 1841-'2, and Digitized by Microsoft® 1848.] LETTERS, ETC. 233 signed by Gen. H., and became a law Avbicli the Supreme Court forthwitli, by a unanimous decision, declared to be unconsti- tutional and void. For doing my duty, and regarding my oath of office, I have ever since been ostracised by these parties in the East, and the impression erroneously made on the minds of the people there, that I was opposed to Eastern interests, than which nothing could be more erroneous. Now the cry is, that I am opposed to the West on account of the seat of Gov- ernment question, which is equally an error with the other. Thus I am like to become a victim to mere sectional jealousy — a jealousy in both cases brought into being and nurtured to great strength and virulence by Gen. Houston and a few of his friends, and with which I have had nothing to do. ANSOiq" JoNES.j {From Gen. Sam. Houston.] MoNTGOMEKT, 30th July, 1843. Deae Jokes, — Might it not be well to appoint no time for Commissioners to meet those of Mexico at Loredo, but say we would let Wool know when we were ready ? Think of this. Please write Hockley and Williams, and give them a hint of what will be wanted of them. Thank Capt. Elliot and the Count, and explain my situation of haste to them. Do as you and Dr. Hill think best in the premises. The whole matter will not be concluded during my term, and " as you make your bed, so must you lie in it." Take out my letters and open them, then dispose of them as may be best. Tou can judge of their character by the back of them. Salute Madame Jones, and kiss Sam (Captain) for me. Thine, truly, Houston. [JEJndorsed. — Instructions to Commissioners to Mexico, and devolving the government upon me. — ^A. J.] [M-om Gen. G. W. Terrell, Attorney-General.'] Mount Aiky, Nacogdoches, July SOtli, 1843. Mt deae Doctoe, — I should have written you by the last mail, but I had been confined by indisposition from the time of Digitized by Microsoft® 234 LETTERS, ETC. [1843. my arrival at home, so that I had not beeu able to collect any news in these parts ; nor indeed have I been able to go out much from home. * * * I have seen a good many people since I came to the East. The next Presidency begins to ex- cite very general interest. Your name is constantly mentioned in connection with that subject. You are stronger in this country than I had hitherto supposed you would be. Yourself, HemphiU, and Burleson, are all spoken of very generally as the probable candidates. HemphiE is strong throughout this coun- try; and should you and he both become candidates, your interests would so clash that, in my opinion, defeat would be the inevitable consequence to both, for it will be as much as either of you could do to beat Burleson single handed, and the same prominent men throughout the country are the friends of both ; and, as far as I can learn, the only wish of your friends is, that both should not run. It is immaterial which of you should be selected, he would be successful. This is the unani- mous opinion of our friends, as far as I have either seen or heard from them. It is important that this matter be amicably ar- ranged between you and Hemphill, as the object of all is suc- cess, and not defeat. Either of you will be acceptable to the friends of the Administration throughout the East, and it is my opinion that either, single handed, will beat any man the oppo- sition can bring into the field. As for myself, either will suit me, and whichever may be the candidate, shall receive my most cordial support. And I will say further to you, there is no man in the RepubUc I would sooner see President than your- self. My great object, however, is to get out a candidate, and but one, that will unite the friends of the present Administra- tion, and thereby insure success. You have probably seen in the Hed Lander the nomination of Judge Lipscomb. I do not understand this manmuvre. "When I left Washington, Judge Lipscomb had declined run- ning, as I had from the best authority ; but the nomination came out about the time Gen. Hmit was at San Augustine. This throws a mystery around the transaction that I cannot comprehend. Time, however, wUl clear it all up. I received a letter from friend Johnson, in which he says he wiU have to make a surrender of the " Vindicator." This I Digitized by Microsoft® 1843.] LETTERS, ETC. 235 regret much. Johnson was doing a great deal of good ; his paper was beginning to wield a powerful influence throughout this country, and was more sought after than any other in the Republic. Can it not be so arranged as to be purchased by some of our friends, and continue him in the editorial depart- ment ? He would do a great deal in a close contest ; for I assure you, you have no conception what a stand his paper was acquiring throughout the East. I leave the day after to-morrow to meet the old chief at Crockett. About one month from this time write me, ad- dressed to this place, and give me all the news. I shall be back, I presume, about that time. My kind regards to the Madam, and accept for yourself assurances of the high regard with which I remain. Tour friend, G. W. Teeeell. Dr. Anson Jones, Washington, Texas. [JFrom W. D. Miller, ^sg.] MoTJNi AiET, August 1st, 1843. Mt dbab Doctoe, — I have been nnwell for the most of the time since my arrival here. * % * * I very much regret that it was not convenient for you to come over with the President as far as Crockett. It would have afibrded you an opportunity of mingling with the people, and, by that means, of extending your acquaintances. There is to be a " big " barbecue at that place on Friday next, and my- self and Gen. Terrell expect to leave to-morrow, (Wednesday,) to be there to meet the President, and proceed thence with him to Bird's Fort. You have learned, ere this, that the Red Lander has placed the names of Judge Lipscomb and Col. Anderson at the head of its columns for President and Vice-President. This nomina- tion wUl probably bring the former into the field, however much he may have been previously opposed to it. So we are likely to have four candidates in the field, not including Burle- son. I find, from the little inquiry I made upon the road, that Hemphill already occupies a favorable place in the public eye. How it has happened, I know not ; but so it is. He would Digitized by Microsoft® 236 LETTERS, ETC. [1843. now run very well. Hemphill -will also make a good deal by personal intercourse with the people. They always like to see, as well as hear of the object of pubUc attention. I have been a good deal disappointed in the character of the country east of the Brazos. I could never relinquish a home in the West for one in the East, with my present knowl- edge of the country. With my best wishes, your friend and servant, W. D. MlIXEE. Dr. Anson Jones, Washington, Texas. ^From Son. Ashhel Smithy Pakis, August 2d, 1843. Hon. Ajstson Jones, Secretary of State : SiE, — I sent off long despatches yesterday, which, with my preceding communications, will, I think, give you a tolerably accurate idea of our relations in Europe. It has been a work of some difficulty for me to convey a correct idea of the course of conduct of the British Government in relation to slavery in America, at the same time that I have desired not to attribute to that Government any sinister or covert purposes against Texas. The abolition of slavery is their open and avowed policy, and they have invariably pur- sued it for a long period, in favor of their own commerce, man- ufactures, and colonial interests. They will persevere in this policy, and employ all means for its accomplishment. Should money be necessary, they will give it, as they have done to Spain ; because they anticipate, and, in my opinion, justly, that more than counterbalancing pecuniary advantages will accrue to Great Britain from abolition. In the pursuance of this policy, so far as regards Texas, the British Government and its officers very naturally, and perhaps properly, study the inter- ests of their own country alone, in entire disregard of its influ- ence upon the prosperity of Texas, without, however, any hos- tile or imfriendly feeUngs towards our country; but, on the contrary, with as much practical good-will for us as may be consistent with the vigorous perseverance in their abolition poUcy. I cannot speak in terms of commendation of the parties Digitized by Microsoft® 18i3.] LETTERS, ETC. 237 generally Avith wliom Mr. S. P. Andrews has formed relations in London. They are chiefly violent abolitionists. It has be- come most obvious to me that they do not entertain friendly feelings towards Texas, but quite the opposite ; that they are animated by motives of sordid and Jesuitical fanaticism, and un- scrupulous in the means they employ to accomplish their pur- poses. I further know, that they do not possess, as a body, the confidence or esteem of the enlightened British pubUc. As a shght evidence of their spirit and unscrupulosity, I will mention a remark made by a leading individual among them : that they had sustained Mr. Doran Maillard, because he attacked Ken- nedy. The latter gentleman is, I believe, as highly esteemed in our country, as the former is notorious as its libeller. I have had some conversation with Col. Daingerfield con- cerning a division of our diplomatic representation in Europe ; and in a private letter to his Excellency, I have mentioned that I am wholly at disposition, and shall not feel hurt by any course that may be taken in regard to me. Col. Daingerfield has since told me that he has written, I would prefer London, &c. The Colonel did not clearly understand me. I scarcely think it proper for me to express preferences in such a matter, fur- ther than to say, that having been formerly and first appointed to the French court, it will be entirely satisfactory to me to remain here, provided my doing so shall meet the views of the Government. In order to be able to remain in Europe, a remittance of funds from Texas wiU be necessary. My present means will not support me beyond November. My brother, G. A. Smith, went to Texas on this business some time since. I have not heard from him since his arrival. May I ask you to aid him in facilitating the transmission of the proceeds of my salary at as early a period as may be convenient. M. de Saligny is still in Paris. His return to Texas, which was, at one time, considered certain, appears to be now doubtful. I have taken the liberty of enclosing letters to my brother in despatches to your department, as the only safe and prompt means of their reaching him. I have the honor to be, with great respect, your most obe- dient sei-vant, Ashbel Smith. Digitized by Microsoft® 238 LETTERS, ETC. [1843. [From Major T. Q. Western.] HotrSTON, August 2d, 1843. Doctor AiJSON Joirais : Mt dear Sie, — Your esteemed favor of 29t]i ult. came yes- terday to hand, and it seems passing strange that you had re- ceived none of my former communications. The idea I hare conceived that my claim could be paid out of the present ap- propriation, is not without foundation. "When Mr. Secretary Daingerfield visited this city, some time ago, I approached him officially respecting my claim. He stated to me that he had given instructions to the officers of the Treasury Department to pay claims of a similar character whenever the head of a department required it, and the amount was not of such mag- nitude as to exhaust or seriously diminish the contingent fund of that particular department. Considering yours to be ample, I wrote to you forthwith, craving of your goodness your con- sent to the payment of my claim, under this rule. I need not add that I received no reply. This course was observed with some claimants — Slocum and others — I was informed. Circumstances admitting no delay, I was forced to pledge the accounts, together with those of the War Department, for a certain sum of money my exigencies required, conditioned to refund it if the accounts were not paid within a specified time ; that individual, my creditor, employed Scott to coUect them — they were not paid ; I had not the money to refund — my honor, my credit at stake. To sustain them, I was obliged to sacrifice a valuable property, the yellow house, my homestead, for, as it were, " a cup of porridge." Yes, my dear sir, a property which (if Houston's armistice egg does not addle before it hatches peace) will soon be worth thousands. Thus you see, by the failure of the Government to fulfil her contracts, &c., &o., &o., am I subjected to ultimate loss and present privations, without a dollar in my purse. 'Tis true, I have land ; but where ? In the abandoned, the rejected West — unavailable. You must not tire, my dear Doctor, at the recital of my misfortunes and griev- ances, but bear with me. I set a sufficiently high value on the ties that link us, to tax your patience for once. I would not urge — nay, nor even insinuate, that you, whom I so highly esteem, should Digitized by Microsoft® 184S.] LETTERS, ETC. 239 deviate one step from the path of your duty. But, I recollect a Spanish proverb, which seems applicable to our case : " There is a remedy for all things but Death." You may say that my remedy is with the next Congress. That relief were too tardy ; I want prompt aid now. K this cannot be had officially — and you are the party competent to judge of this — could you not dispose of a matter of your own private " peounio " for a month or so ? I have an al-rangement in embryo to obtain some funds, but I am crippled by the want of means to carry out the pro- ject. Tou can have any security, and interest too, if you re- quire it. You know I would grant you any favor you in reason could ask. Now, do not deny me this my request. Let this be confidential, and believe me ever yours. Truly and fraternally, Thomas G. Western. [M-om F. T. Wells, Mq., of the Texas Navy.] Texas Bkig-of-tvar Whaeion, ) Galveston, Aug. Sd, 1843. ) Mt deae Sie, — We are apt to remember our friends in the time of our need, and as that is peculiarly the time with me now, I deem it a most suitable time to call upon you for what may be of little moment to you, but may be infinitely so to me. Our navy, I presume, from the indications, is about to be broken up, and so far as I can see or hear, those who have been ia its service will, in all probability, receive no compensation for their services, but wOl be turned adrift to look out for them- selves, without a cent to start upon, or an opportunity given (to) obtain employment, which in Texas, at this season of the year, is next to impossible to be done. Whatever evils may have arisen from the navy going to sea contrary to the orders and wishes of the Government, should be attributed to the proper place, and its consequences should fall on the guilty alone. When the Commissioners first arrived in New Orleans, if they had taken possession of the vessels, there would have been an end of the matter, and the officers who had no agency, or know edge that they were acting contrary to the orders of the Digitized by Microsoft® 240 LETTEKS, ETC. [1843. Government, would have been spared the mortification of see- ing themselves held up to the world as a hand of pirates and traitors, and Texas would have been spared the infamy of the proclamation by the want of an occasion for its publication. Before Mr. Bryan returned to Texas to make the report of the Commissioners, I informed him that I would not go to sea con- trary to the orders of the Government, nor would, in my opin- ion, any other officer in the navy, if the orders were communi- cated in such a manner as would enable us to obey them without the charge of insubordLnation. And on his return we were still induced to believe that the Government was sanctioning the shipping men, and procuring supplies from the citizens of New Orleans, as it was done with the knowledge and countenance of the Commissioners ; and (they) ought to have known, if they did not, that no men could have been obtained, or supplies pro- cured, but upon the grounds of our going against the Mexi- cans. The officers endeavored to get some information from the Commissioners, but without success. I cannot believe the proclamation would ever have been published under its present form, if the President had known that the officers were totally ignorant of its existence, or of their acting in any way contrary to his orders. It was beUeved here that, before going to sea, all the officers knew of the existence of the proclamation, and were willing to risk its infamy, but it is not so. Its existence was totally unknown, or suspected, by rumor or hearsay, till towards the last of May, when I heard it from New Orleans. I beUeve the other officers were as ignorant as I was of its ex- istence. We have been fortunate ia returning safely, for we ran a narrow risk of expiatiag other people's neglect and of- fences, at the yard-arm, as pirates, which sentence of our own Government the Mexicans would have most cheerfully executed if an opportunity had been affiarded them. But Laasmuch as we have returned safely, I want your ad- vice upon what my prospects are of staying ia the navy or go- ing out of it. I am unable to ascertain if any navy at aU will be kept up, or if we shall receive any pay from the arrange- ments that are making by the Navy Commissioners. There has been and is now considerable excitement here in regard to the proclamation, the dismissal of Com, Moore and Digitized by Microsoft® 184S.] LETTERS, ETC. 241 Capt. Lathrop. And Com. Moore has been brought out as a candidate for Congress ; but I do not think (he) wUI be elected if he continues the canvass. I hope you will do me the kindness to drop me a few lines. I have been in the service a very great length of time, and re- ceived but little remuneration, and I am somewhat solicitous about the result of our naval affairs. In aU the moneyed opera- tions of our navy with Yucatan, I have unluckily been out of the mess, so that none of it fell to my share. If you can recommend me to any thing in the way of busi- ness, I would be much obliged to you. I am, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, P. T. Weuls. Hon. Anson Jones, Secretary of State, Washington. \En you of the 14th February, of the protection of Texas pending the negotiations. But Capt. Tod says that my conduct is not dis- approved of. Tet it seems to be Mr. Nelson's opinion I was over enthusiastic, &c., &c. I had had a fuU and satisfactory conversation with Gen. H. on the subject, and we fully agree upon these questions. I send you some newspapers, the last I got by the " Neptune." Wishing you good and uninterrupted health, I am, dear sir, your obedient servant, W. S. MUEPHT. {Endorsement. — The United States are recovering a little from their alarm. I will have to give them another scare. Digitized by Microsoft® 336 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. One or two doses of English calomel and French quinine will have to be adnainistered, and the case wiU he pretty well out of danger. — Ansok Jonib.J \From Gen. Sam. Mousfon.] Houston, 6th April, 1844. Deae Jones, — I have opened and considered the accom- panying despatches. I will go to Galveston and see Capt, Elliot, as he is yet at the Island. Rumor says the Government of the United States wiU not avow the acts of Gen. Murphy in relation to the pledges given antecedent to our Commissioners entering upon the negotiations with that Government. I presume, when they see Hender- son's orders, or learn their contents, they will readily see that the game is to be a two-handed one. If the United States should interpose any difficulty at this time, you wiU find that my action will be prompt and my pur- poses resolved. We have done enough ; and if they expect us to place ourselves out of the pale of aU probable security to this nation, they are most wofuUy mistaken. So soon as they as- sume a ground adverse to what has been the understanding, and official notice to that effect is received, it will be an easy matter to say, " Gen. Henderson, your mission has terminated, because we camiot submit to unreasonable and unjust sao- rijices I " Already the subject of annexation has caused the failure of our negotiations with Mexico. I have seen Hockley and Wil- liams. They will not go up at present. I think the subject of the letter which I bore here will be at rest for the future. All was smoJce, as I believed. I send an express to the Indian treaty, and will take instructions to the Commissioners. I may be detained longer than I expected, but win be up so soon as I can. Van Zandt wrote to me, and despatches were sent to me from the Island, but by some means they have not reached me. I hope to get them. * * Truly thy friend, Sam. Houston. Hon. AnsoN Jones. Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 33Y [M-om Stephen Z. Jloyle, -Esq.] Washington, 6th April, 1844. SiE, — ^I last evening received a note from the President, .in which he states, " I received no despatches from the city or the United States. I learn that such reached Galveston ; if so, they must have been mislaid, or some mistake has taken place." The accompanying letters came under cover to Mr. Shaw, from the Collector, Galveston. As they may contain important information, I transmit them for your action. I have the honor to he, your obedient servant, Stbphen Z. Hotle. Hon. Anson Jones, Secretary of State, at Home (Cooke's). [From Hon. M. P. Norton.] Houston, April 6th, 1844. Dear See, — * * * * j i)elieve we can give you a majority in the county, perhaps in the city ; but it cannot be made up by men who act on their old attachments. Ewing, McAnelly, and a long list of others, I am told, wUl go for Burle- son, but it may not be so. I never did suppose you particularly ambitious, but I did suppose that the office of President would be to you, or any other man, a matter of more interest than you seem to consider it in your letter. Yours, M. P. NoETON. Hon. Anson Jonks. [^Endorsement. — ^If I have written that I care nothing about holding office, I have written just as I felt. Office should nei- ther be sought nor declined. — A. J.] [From, the Same.] Houston, April 11th, 1844. Deae Sie, — * * * * j^g f^QQj^ as we learn that an- nexation has failed, which I fear it may, we shall dig ahead. Tou are having some strong articles ia the Vindieator, which, I think, you know something about. It is assuming a character which much helps our prospects. Do write oftener, and let me 4 22 Digitized by Microsoft® 338 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. kaow as much as you can afford to about our prospects in differ- ent quarters. I shall now feel safe about our foreign relations as soon as I hear that Henderson has signed the treaty. • I think the course taken by the Government on that matter will result in great credit to all concerned, whether annexation occur or not. ***** Yours, M. P. Norton. Hon. Anson Jones. [From Col. Hockky.'] April 12th, 1844. My deae Sie, — ^I regret exceedingly that it is not in my power to see you, but circumstances require my immediate return. Mr. Shaw will show you the letter. No doubt is now entertained but that Murphy has in his pocket a censure for his propositions, perhaps a refusal. Mexico obtains fifteen mil- lions of dollars, if she will admit cotton, (English) cotton goods, &c., &c. Elliot has gone off miffed, and I don't wonder at it ; that error must be reformed. Yours most truly, G. W. Hockley. Dr. Anson Jones, Present. [£Jndorseme7it. — I cannot help Capt. Elliot's being " miffed," nor can I admit there has been error in consenting to treat for annexation. We must take care of ourselves. The British Government is too slow for their own interests. — ^A. J.] [From Hon. W. S. Murphy.] Galyeston, Texas, llih April, 1844. To the Hon. Anson Jones : Deae Sie, — ^I choose for many reasons to make this a pri- vate note, although the subject matter of it is of a public char- acter. The Department of State of Texas has received (as I am credibly informed) a protest from England or France, or perhaps from both the representatives of these powers, against the negotiations on foot for the annexation of Texas to the United States. Mr. Jones is well aware that I would be very Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC, 339 glad to have copies of these protests, and if Mr. Jones will fur- nish them to this legation, he may lay me under any injunction of confidential privacy he deems proper, and the injunction shall be scrupulously observed. The undersigned has the honor to acknowledge the receipt of Mr. Jones's note of the 1th April, and he sends to Mi\ Jones by this mail divers newspapers, which he hopes will be accept- able to Mr. Jones. He tenders to Mr. Jones the assurance of his high regard and sincere esteem, and begs that Mr. Jones will present his great respect to Mrs. Jones. Most sincerely your obedient servant, W. S. MUEPHT. [Endorsement. — Our American Minister partakes of the common feeling in the United States, jealousy and fear of JEIng- land, to say nothing of France. He ought to have more sense than to suppose that matters have been so blunderingly man- aged by Texas, as to give England or France, or both of them, any right to protest, and they would not do it unless they had the right. — ^A. J.] [From Judge ITbrton.] Houston, April 19th, 1844. Deae Sie, — * * * I do not wish to bring forward a single article in relation to the Presidency, until this matter of annexation shall be settled, as it may be soon ; but I wish then to be able to show how little the great mass of the people have had to do with the proceedings of Congress. * * * j may be obUged to leave here before the election comes off, if any opportunity offer by which I may be able to get back into the country, which I shall prefer to starving here. But I shall not at any time make any such movement without giving you timely notice, and shall hold on, at any rate, as long as I can, hoping that something may turn up to relieve me. The President is disposed to carry out, on his part, as I think very fairly, all such measures as may be likely to help forward the business of annexation (and in doing this he is fulfiling the wishes of the people), and leave us. And this course will help us in the elec- tion, if the measure fail. I intend the Democrat shall be the Digitized by Microsoft® 340 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. last paper that abandons it — ^get back, at least, if I can, what was lost by its early opposition. But when we do give it up, we must give it up forever — if England take such course as will sustain us. * * * Can you not persuade him [the President], when all hope of annexation or other assistance shall have failed, to withdraw Van Zandt, as well as Hender- son, from the United States ? It wiU certainly place us on better grounds with Great Britain. I mean, if the pledges of Gen. Murphy are repudiated, and when all action on our case shall have ceased in the United States. Very truly. M. P. Noeton. A. Jones. [Endorsement. — Gen. Houston, despairing of annexation, is thinking of entangling alliances with European powers, and through the writer of this, wishes to commit me on the sub- ject. — A. J.] [From Gen. Sam,. Houston.] Houston, 14th April, 1844. My deak Jones, — ^I have read all the despatches you wiU receive by this mail. I have answered our agents at Washing- ton City. I will send, by the first opportunity, a copy of my letter for your information. My instructions are to this effect : " If annexation is not effected at the present session of Con- gress, or if a treaty should fail, and the action of Congress be ineffectual, and they refuse to form an alliance with us, to call upon the English and French ministers, and ascertain the pros- pect of those Governments giving us a guarantee against fur- ther molestation from Mexico, and an indefinite truce." We cannot be trifled with in the present crisis of our affairs. I saw Capt. Elliot, and so far arranged matters that I hope we shall suffer no serious detriment, at the same time I did not commit myself or nation. * * * It is rumored here that the Government of the United States have disavowed Gen. Murphy's pledges. This is hardly the case. If so, it is very queer, and by their not giving instant notice to us, they have incurred the heaviest shame, and trust, if they have in this way attempted to deceive us, that Henderson and Van Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 341 Zandt will make them sensible of the light in which such con- duet should be regarded by this Government, and all others who may learn the fact. ***** Thine truly, Sam. Houston. Dr. Anson Jones. [From the Same.^ City of Houston, 20th April, 1844. My deae Jones, — * * * The " Neptune " was to be in to-day, and I do not care to leave here, until I kaow what news she brings. I am weary of waiting upon good news from "Washington. I am curious to know what move we will next have to make on the chess-board. I send you the answers which I wrote, and sent by the " New Tork." You will keep them until I can get home. By them you can see what I deem proper, if movements are not soon made and made, as I think they ought to be. Our situa- tion does not allow us to trifle. I write myself for the reasons given. Our course is plain and straightforward. Mr. Saligny is at the Island, and I hope will come up by the boat. I wrote to Gen. Murphy to come if he can. I fear he is in a bother, and will not know how to get on smoothly with his matters. Moreover, I wish to get a copy of Mr. Upshur's letter to him. We don't want it, but I would Uke to have it, if it should become necessary, hereafter. Politics are at a stand here, until we know what is to be done about annexation. I hope we will soon know. * * * I am truly thy friend, Sam. Houston. Hon. Anson Jones. ' 24th April. The acts of Gen. Murphy, as you see by Mr. Van Zandt's letter, have not been disavowed by his Government. Attend to the matter of the armistice, if you please, and send such a letter as you would not care to see published. * * So I must wait for the " New York." I will write something by the " Neptune," and send you a copy. I have written to Gen. Murphy that no protest had been received by this Government from England or France, nor did I apprehend one. Thine, Houston. Jones. Digitized by Microsoft® 342 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. {^Endorsement. — Letter to Henderson and Van Zandt. There was by Gen. Houston about this time, an officious inter- ference with my department, (with the view of ultimately de- feating annexation,) which was productive of no benefit to our public affairs; and by which he disgraced himself and the country. — A. J.] [From Judge Norton and Gen. Houston.] HonSTON, 24th April, 1844. Deae Sie, — The publication of the [commission of] armis- tice is doing great mischief to the cause of annexation in the United States and here, and if not properly met, wiU place the President in a false position. The only way now left, since it is published in the Civilian, is to publish the commission or letter of instructions to Messrs. Williams and Hockley, and to send a copy by the next boat to the United States if it can reach here. ****** Yours very truly, M. P. Noeton. Hon. Anson Jones. P. S. — Deajk Jokes, — ^It will not be necessary to send anything but a copy of the original instrument from the War Depart- ment to the coiamissioners, with the first draft proposed by our commissioners to those of Mexico, and for you or the Secretary of War to state that the agreement of the commissioners was "not approved" by me, but "rejected," and ordered it to be so endorsed, and that it is so endorsed and filed in the office. [V. p. 260.] Thine truly, Houston. [Note. — The great mistake of the (our) commissioners was, that when they found they could not make an agreement with the Mexican Commissioners, within the range and scope of their instructions, that they had not declined to make any. A mere failure to come to an understanding at Sabinas, would have done us little injury — ^but in exceeding their powers and ac- knowledging Texas to be a "Department of Mexico," they committed a serious and double error, which was well calcu- lated to do us great harm.' — A. J.] Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 343 [From G. IT. Raymond^ Esq. WASniNSTON City, April 24th, 1844. Hon. AiTSON Jones : Mt deae Sik, — The treaty was sent to the Senate on the 22d inst., and that body was in session from one to three o'clock hearing it and the accompanying documents read. Action upon it will probably be postponed until after the presidential conventions. I have now scarcely any hope of its ratification, but believe that delay will strengthen the question. Were the vote taken to-day, in my opinion, the treaty would be defeated. Several causes are operating against it, some of which I wUl briefly enumerate. Since it was concluded, the Globe has spoken, and its voice, though favorable to annexation, is for delay, and a desire is expressed to have the subject fully dis- cussed by the people, and its disposition left with Congress. There is evidently a wish to waive final action for the present, and to give Tyler as little credit as possible in its consummar tion. This is a very diiferent course from the one we had reason to suppose the Globe would pursue. IngersoU of Pennsylvania, chairman of Committee on Foreign Relations, is understood to be preparing a report re- commending the measure by joint resolution. So if the treaty fails, there is a prospect of such an action, but even the success of that I now deem doubtful. I have just been informed that Mr. Calhoun has, in his letter to the Senate, placed the question almost solely on the ground of British interference with the institution of slavery, and presents this as the grand argument for the measure. Such a position may answer with the South, but it will only create and strengthen opposition North and West. Indeed I heard this morning that the views of Mr. Calhoun had brought the Ohio Senators into the opposition. They say if this Government rest the policy of the measure upon the alone fact, as Calhoun's letter does, of the question of slavery, they carmot, in justice to the State they represent, and the interests of even the whole con- federacy, vote for the treaty. I cannot suppose, however, that the Senate will be restricted m their views, when deciding upon this treaty, to the arguments of Mr. Calhoun or the President, yet they may be influenced adversely by them. Digitized by Microsoft® 34:i LETTERS, ETC. [1844. Mr. Clay is expected here this week, and it is currently, and I believe, correctly reported, that he has written a letter here which will be published to-morrow, in opposition to an- nexation. One thing is certain, viz. : that his influence wUl be against the ratification of this treaty, at this time. Mr. Tyler, very injuriously to this measure, has recently hoist- ed his flag for the Presidency, his motto is, " Tyler and Texas." All these causes, so unexpectedly existing, will, I apprehend, prove fatal to the treaty, and although the question may not be lost, yet it will be involved in uncertainty and delay. Almonte leaves for New York to-day, and if the treaty should be ratified, will, unless otherwise instructed, demand his passports. It is understood that a messenger was despatched to Mexico by this Government on the 22d inst., with some proposition to Mexico relative to her claim upon Texas — it is said, to ofier $6,000,000 for California and the recognition of the independence of Texas. I called yesterday on Mr. Pakenham, and had a long con- versation. He said Capt. Elliot would not likely leave Texas at present — ^that he wished this question of annexation might be immediately decided — that during its pendency he thought Texas might make favorable terms with Mexico — that if the treaty should be rejected, the fact of its having been made would not change Great Britain's friendly policy to Texas, knowing, as his Government did, the condition of Texas, and the causes which gave rise to the treaty — ^that Santa Anna was well convinced he could never resubjugate Texas — ^that last spring, had not the difficulties in Yucatan occurred, Santa Anna would have made a serious invasion, with at least five thousand men — that he never could bring an army of over seven thousand troops to Texas. He believes that the treaty will not be, and I have understood that he has told Senators it ought not to be ratified. We have dates from Galveston to the 6th inst. I see very little said about the September election, I suppose on account of expected aimexation before that time. But I feel satisfied we wiU have another President, and it becomes all your friends to be up and doing. I shall do what I can from here ; and as I am now over the press of business, I shall devote some time to Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 345 the matter. We have receiveil your last despatch, enclosing the correspondence between Capt. Elliot and yourself, and I am highly pleased with the manner in which you treat the sub- ject. Mr, Van Zandt has just written to Hon. A. Smith, at Paris, and sent copies of that correspondence and of the armistice. The opponents of annexation seize upon the terms of the armistice as showing we are wUling to denominate our Republic as " The Department of Texas," and that we thereby acknowl- edge the sovereignty of Mexico. Mr. Van Zandt and family. Gen. Henderson and wife, and Mr. Miller, are all in the city, and all appear exceedingly anx- ious for a termination of the annexation project. Allow me to say a word about my money matters. I have never realized more than fifty cents in the dollar for my salary of last year, and Mr. Van Zandt and Gen. Henderson have been paid a portion of their salaries in par funds, or drafts on the Custom House, which are the same. I have never asked for any thing but exchequers. It is ruinous to me to be compelled to lose half of my pay by sacrificing exchequers; and as I understand there are now par funds in the Custom House at Galveston, will it be too much to ask a draft on the Custom House instead of exchequers, at least for one quarter's salary ? A favor of that kind would relieve me from embarrassment, and save the necessity of a sacrifice, which I would be other- wise compelled to make. Please present me kindly to the members of the Cabinet, and my particular regards to the President and his lady. I have the honor to be truly your friend and obedient servant, Chaelbs H. Raymond. [From W. D. Miller, Esq., Secretary to Commission, &c.\ Washington City, April 28th, 1844. Mt deae Sie, — Both Clay and Van Buren are out against annexation in extenso. I send the elaborate essay of the latter to Gen. Houston, which you will see. You may now be fully assured that the treaty will be lost ; I verily believe it will not receive ten votes in its favor. Mr. Tyler's strength amounts to Digitized by Microsoft® 346 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. nothing, and •with, the exception of two or three friends who are fully identified with the measure, both of the rival parties, Whigs and Democrats, will he nnited against ns. There will be some efforts made by the friends of Mr. Tyler, united with some few real friends of the measure, to get up an excitement for political partisan effect. But you may rely upon it that we shall never be annexed to this country, — they will never receive us. Every thing here goes according to party organization, and no party will probably ever be able to command two-thirds of the Senatorial branch of Congress to ratify a treaty. It cannot and will not be done by law, for that will be deemed imconsti- tutional, or at least irregular. This project then having faUed, we must of course look to ourselves, and to some line of policy which may best suit our condition. What that is must in a great degree depend upon cu-cumstances. But whatever is done must be done quickly, for the present Administration is drawing to a close ; and unless something is done which may give the people hope of better times, it wUl close with great unpopularity. In this you will of course be materially interested, not only as a citizen looked to by a large portion of the country as a suitable successor to our present Chief Magistrate, but as one of his advisers during the whole of his administration. It need not be denied that we are in a bad predicament ; the only good result of which will be a settlement, and I hope a ^nal settlement of the whole question. It has distracted us too long already. Hoping that you may have every success in the management of our affairs at this critical period, and that a high reward may crown your efforts for the public good, I am, faithfully. Tour friend and servant ; in haste, W. D. MiLLEE. To Hon. Anson Jones. [Endorsement. — If I should Uve and be elected to the Presi- dency of Texas, I wiU falsify the predictions of this letter in regard to ultimate annexation. — A. J.] Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.;i LETTERS, ETC. 34Y [M'om Gen. Sam. Houston.'] HoTJSTON, 29th April, 1844. Deae Sie, — I send you the treaty ; you will read it. It liad as well been made in Texas, though I presume it will do very well. All we had to do was to dispose of ourselves decently, and in order. If this is done, it is well done. I regret that the impetuosity was so great on the part of our agents as not to require some security to indemnify Texas against the consequences of a failure of annexation. I cannot see that it has been alluded to. It was regarded in the instructions from your department as a sine qua non to entering upon nego- tiations. Ton will see that Mr. Calhoun has jockeyed ; and if our commissioners have ever presented the matter, he has clearly outwitted them. Precautions not sustained by subsequent action are always useless. I hope all things will turn out well. The United States win have to sustain us ia future, if not annexed, or take water most shamefully. The " Neptune " starts to-morrow. I will write by her, and transmit to you a copy of my commission. Times are yeasty, and we must keep stirring. You would not have time to write, though I would be truly gratified if you were here to meet emergencies. I may wait for the return of the " ZSTeptune ; " the roads and waters are impassable from here to Trinity. Truly thy friend, Sam. Houstos". Hon. Anson Jones. P. S. — Come down if you can, if but for a few days. I may have to remain here a month. Write, and inform me. \Endorsement. — ^Treaty of annexation. I cannot see that Mr. Calhoun has "jockeyed" in the least. — ^A. J.] \From Son. Wl JST. Daingerfield.] Paris, April, 22, 1844-. Mt deae Doctoe, — For officiality see my despatch of equal tenor and date. This is only to say — how do you do, and God bless you. Castro will hand you this ; and as he desires a fair chance with you and the Old Chief, I have told him that he Digitized by Microsoft® 348 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. may rest assured of a fair and impartial hearing as to all the deeds he has done, and all that he has left undone. So you are to he the next President of the Republic, provided always, and on this condition, that it remains a Repuhlic. You will have Bourgeois d'Orvanne, and his Serene High- ness the Prince of Solms, to see you in June. Whatever Bourgeois d'Orvanne's private resources may be, he has managed remarkably well to bring to his aid all these German princes, &c., who have a great quantity of cash, and moral weight and influence enough to transfer the whole popu- lation of Faderland to Texas. * * * * I hope to be able to bring you a treaty with Belgium. That little power was disposed to play the coquette with me, so I left her to her own cogitations awhile. Of course, as long as the question of annexation remains undetermined, or rather in its present position, nothing can be done. By the terms of the convention with the Hanse towns, the powers of the German confederation become parties by merely filing an official declaration. I am about arranging aU this, so as to enable us to appoint consuls at all the more important places in Germany. This is of importance for the purpose of giving the requisite information to persons desirous of emi- grating. God bless you, my dear Doctor. * * * Yours most truly, Wm. HeNKT DArNGEEFIBID. Dr. Anson Jones. \jFrom M. G. Hamilton, Esq., Acting Secretary of War.'] Washington, 2d May, 1844. Mt deae Sie, — Mr. Hall has shown me your note of this date, as also the letter of Mr. Norton of 24th ult., requesting copies of certain papers. In accordance with Gen. Houston's request in the P. S. to Mr. Norton's note, I have made copies of the original instruc- tions to the commissioners, and the rough draft first prepared by the Mexican commissioners. As to the certificate required by His Excellency, that the agreement of the commissioners was "not a^yproved" but "rejected" by him, you will have to Digitized by Microsoft® 18M.] LETTERS, ETC. append it, for the document is not so endorsed, nor did lie ever authorize it, so far as I know. To you, doubtless, he expressed his views freely upon the subject — to me he said nothing. He does not seem to wish a copy of the agreement, but simply a statement that it was not approved. I can very easily beheve that his disapproval was unqualified, — mine would have been in his place, that's certain. (V. p. 255.) Tours truly, M. C. Hamilton. Hon. Anson Jones. (At home, Cooke's.) {^Endorsement. — It had been better that our commissioners, both at Sabinas and Washington City, had* not exceeded the limits of their instructions. No final result in relation to the destiay of Texas was immediately anticipated from either nego- tiation ; consequently it would better have subserved the honor, interests, and the ultimate decision of the questions of inde- pendence and annexation, if the commissioners in each instance had exhibited less intemperate zeal in bringing their respective negotiations to a close, outside of their powers. The fact that the negotiations were on foot in Mexico and in the United States, answered every purpose in reciprocally exciting the zealous rivalry of opposing nations, which was the object aimed at by me ; and the sacrifice made in each case was injudicious, unnecessary, and rather hurtful than otherwise. — ^A. J.] [M-om Hon. G. S. Raymond^ Washington City, 3d May, 1844. My deaje Sie, * * * * It is my intention to prepare several communications for the press bearing upon our Presi- dential election ; and I do it the more cheerfully, because I be- lieve I cannot better promote my country's interest than in advocating your elevation to the highest office in the gift of her people. Truly your friend and obedient servant, Chaeles H. Ratmonb. Hon. Anson Jones. Digitized by Microsoft® 350 LETTERS, ETC, [1844, [From Gen. Sam. Sbuston.] 8th May, 1844. DoCTOE Jones, — ^If the treaty is not ratified between Texas and the United States, I will require the negotiations to be transferred to Texas. You and myself can manage them toler- ably weU ! ! ! Thine truly, HousTOiir. [From Judge Norton.'] Houston, May 22d, 1844. Deak Sie, * * * * ^g must establish the conventions of free trade by law before Gen. Houston goes out, if not effected by treaty before. * * * Dr. Johnson said when here, you were wiUing to be run if you were beaten. I cannot believe this. Tours, M. P. NoETOK. Dr. Jones. [Endorsement, — If Judge HemphiU have any principles at all, they are those of the opposition ; and Judge ISTorton admits he is the only man we can elect. It will be worse than folly to give up a fair prospect of success to ourselves and our principles, for a certainty that the latter would be defeated by the election of Burleson or HemphUl. — ^A. J.] [From the Same.] Houston, May 8th, 1844. Deab Sie, — I received your letter this morning, and am concerned to learn that you are not in health, as I expected you might be down here, and take a look for yourself of the state and condition of parties ; as I have feared for some time past that you might have been deceived, in the indications of public opinion, touching the approaching election. I caimot write you what I could say on the subject if I could see you, and I can best convey my meaning by saying, that if I were myself in your place, and understood the matter as I now do, I could not be persuaded to hold on as a candidate ; and still you may have Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 351 better means of judging than I can have. I feel so sure of an- nexation that I hope you may not move any way in the matter until that question shall be settled, any further than to be pre- pared to act in case that matter fail ; or rather let your friends be prepared, if you shall incline to give up the contest, to give a letter from you to this effect. Gen. Houston has come, I think reluctantly, into my view of a change of candidate, if he has written you to that effect. Should you not come down, and conclude to go out of the canvass. Gen. Houston suggested it had better be by a letter to some one — ^perhaps to me — ^that all may be ready to take some other course the moment we get news of the settlement of annexation against us ; but let every thing in relation to any change remain a secret until announced — and for ever, if we get annexed ; and in the mean time let us do every thing on earth to carry that measure, for every [thing] depends upon [it], as far as I can see, for the success of our I am very truly yours, M. P. Noeton. Hon. A. Jones. [^Indorsement. — ^Requests and advises me to decline. Gen. Houston does the same — traitors discovered — viz., H ^n, smoky H ^n, and R y. — A. J.] [Note. — ^Twelve months ago I earnestly sought the consent of my friends to decline being a candidate, but in vain. I hesi- tated, and held the matter under advisement six months before I yielded to their wishes. I then told them that, should they think best, I should withdraw at any time — I should be wiLUng to do so ; but in the present critical posture of public affairs I think such a step would have a disastrous effect. I do not think mi/ friends wish me to resign the candidature, or that they deem such a course best for the country. I know nothing of parti/ in the matter, nor should a corrupt clique in Houston control this proceeding, and I will not yield to traitors. — A. J.] [From the Same.] Houston, May 16th, 1844. Deae Sie, — ^If you have written me every mail, your letters have not reached me, for I have received but two since Gen. Digitized by Microsoft® 352 LETTEES, ETC. [1844. Houston came here. I do think it of the utmost importance that you should be here. Gen. Houston will he back from Gal- veston this evening ; he has sent his wife to the Trinity. He is about to_take some strong measures, and has probably recalled Henderson ; and if there were ever a time when he needed the aid of aU his friends, it is now. He expected, without any doubt, to meet you here on his return, and I am sure wiU be greatly disappointed. Ton say nothing in your letter about coming down. * * There are so many things I wish to see you about, that I am much disappointed that you are not here. * * No one here is disposed to give one copper to help matters along — hardly to subscribe to the paper. So far as I can learn, the election is given up by our friends throughout the Republic. I have not heard a. man intimate the belief that we could suc- ceed for the last two months. Tours truly, M. P. NoETOif. Hon. Anson Jones. [Enchrsement. — ^Treason at work — but I can and shaU be elected notwithstanding. — A. J.] [Note. — Judge Norton is perfectly honest, faithful, and hon- orable himself, and, naturally enough, thinks every body else so ; but he is timid, wavering, and nervous. He does not bear sufficiently in mind that, "fear admitted into public councils be- trays like treason." — A. J.] — ( Vide various letters from Judge Norton, not copied) ; (also Vol. I., p. 51, and original Memo- randum Book, No. v., pp. 14, 15, 16, and IT.) [From Gen. Sam. JETouston.] Houston, ITth May, 1844. Deae Jones, — ^This wiU reach you before I can. Don't say any thing about the matter alluded to, until I can see you ! I was surprised at your letter, which I read to-day. What I do with my friends is done face to face, and not by halves. I am a little m,ortijied. If a man cannot be open with his friends, to whom will he be honest ? I intend to return by Trinity, and hope to be at Washington by Thursday or Friday next, if the condition of Madam and Sam. will permit. I want to see you I Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 353 Salute your lady for me, and be assured of my constant regard and good faith. You may hear from Galveston. That was all well enough ! ! ! Thine truly, Sam. Houston. Hon. Anson Jones, Secretary of State, Washington, Texas. (Pr. Dr. Johnson.) [Endorsement. — Grawjishing about, trying to defeat my election, in proposing to bring out Hemphill at Houston.] — v., p. 242. Gen. Rusk, Gen. Henderson, Judge Lipscomb, and K. L. Anderson, had all declined the candidature for the Presidency. See letter of J. W. Henderson of 20th June. I was told Hemp- hill was the man by persons who knew, and it could have been no other. [^From Gen. W. S. Murphy.] Galveston, 23d May, 1844. To the Hon. Anson Jones : Deae Sie, — * * * ip2ie " Potomac " frigate, Commander Conner, of the Home Squadron, went up to Vera Cruz the other day. Yesterday the " Vincennes," Capt. Buchanan, arrived off this harbor, where she will remain under my orders. The fleet is here, and two more men-of-war are coming down here. The war steamer " Poinsett " is at Vera Cruz. All these ships are guarding the Texan Coast under and in pursuance of the ar- rangement between us prior to the appointment of Gen. Hen- derson, &c., &c.* ***** Your obedient servant, W. S. Mfepht. P. S. — All the signs of the times, movements amongst the people and politicians in the United States, confirm me in the belief, that the treaty wiU be ratified. Congress will probably adjourn on the 2'i'th inst., but the Senate, it is said, will set for tlie final decision on the treaty. The people of the United States are all for it, and public meetings are all the rage. W. S. M. * Grod save the mark — protecting and guarding us against whom ? Mexico ! A common Texas " dug-out," with half a dozen men, could do that. It is either fear of England and France, or some ulterior object, not yet apparent, which has brought all this array of armed ships upon our coast. 23 Digitized by Microsoft® 354 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. [^Midorsement. — I have never believed the Senate would ratify the treaty of annexation, but the measure will be accom- plished notwithstanding. The storm is up, and nothing but the alliance will now allay it. Mr. Murphy, his Government, and his " people," are too well frightened for any other result to happen, if the game is played right by Texas. — ^A. J.] [M-om D. S. Kaufman, Esq^ Sabine Town, May 25th, 1844. Hon. AsrsoN Joira;s, Secretary of State : Deae Sie, — * * * Qm- annexation being despaired of, people are beguming to talk about our own Presidential elec- tion. Tour prospects throughout all Eastern Texas arc very flattering indeed. Tour majority here will be heavy, although Gen. Burleson is the strongest man that could have been started against you. It will afford me pleasure to throw my mite of influence in your favor. I should be happy to hear of you by return of mail, and your prospects westward. * * Remember me to Mrs. J., and believe me ever, with sincere regard, Your friend, David S. KAinPMAif. \From K. L. Anderson, Esq^ San Auqustine, May 30th, 1844. Hon. AiTsoN Jones : Deae Sie, — ^This will be handed you by my friend and part- ner, Col. Wheeler. Any attention you may find convenient to show him, will add another to the many obligations I am now under to your kindness. W. R. Scurry, of Red River, wishes a history of the con- tract made with Gen. Mercer, the facts as to the President's veto of the bill, &c., &c. He is a candidate for Congress in that county, and desires to possess himself of all the facts. Will you please request some of the young gentlemen to furnish him. We have nothing in the East that you will not be able to learn from our friend Judge Ochiltree. I shall be at Washington, I think, before the summer is over. I am, dear sir, very truly yours, K. L. Andeeson. Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. ,355 {JEhdorsement. — A cautious, prudent, and characteristic let- ter from my friend, tlie candidate for Vice-President on the ticket witli me. — A. J.] • l^Prom Judge Norton.] Houston, May 18th,' 1844. Deab Sie, — ^Yesterday morning Gen. Houston sent for me, and showed me your letter, and it was finally determined to act on your suggestions, and take measures for a change of candi- date, [I made no " suggestions " authorizing a clique at JETous- ton to take any such measures,] and in consequence of this, had written letters to Stuart of the Civilian, and Lewis, and Chas. B. Stewart of Montgomery, notifying them of the fact ; and in the evening, Dr. Johnson arrived with your letter, and saw the President, and I have succeeded in getting back my letters, and, as I now understand that the matter is to rest as it is imtil Gen. Houston reaches Washington, when the conclusion is to be come to, which wUl settle the question, so far as we are concerned. I learn from Culp that Gen. Houston supposes you came to the conclusions adopted in your letter to him from my writing to you that he had " reluctantly come to the conclusion, from conversing with the friends of the Administration here, that you could not be elected, and that it was better to take up Hemphill." * * * Dr. Johnson has entirely different views on the subject of the election from any other man that I have seen. He says that in Washington, and some other counties, you would even beat Gen. Houston. I think he is deceived. * * * You may now expect to see the Democrat and Civilian out in favor of free trade, and a tax on salaries from top to bottom ot fifty per cent. * * * Free trade with all countries that will take our cotton, sugar, beef and pork on the same terms ; and doing it aU by a law that can receive Sam. Houston's signature as President. I believe we are to be left by all nations to take care of ourselves. Yours truly, M. P. NoETOif. Hon. Anson Jones. (Pr. Dr. Johnson.) [Midorsement. — Detail of the treason of Gen. Houston, J. W. Henderson and James ReiUy. Through Dr. Moses John- Digitized by Microsoft® 356 LETTEES, ETC. [1844. son, the bearer of this, whom I sent down, it stands reproved and defeated. — A. J.l [Note. — ^The Irishman, understanding that a stove would saye one half of the wood usually consumed in a fire-place, pro- posed to get two, and so save the whole. This appears to be the view of Gen. Houston, as mirrored by Judge Norton in reference to salaries of the next Administration. The ex- chequers save half, the tax would save the whole. — ^A. J.] [JEh-om Gen. J. P. JBenderson.] Washington City, June 2d, 1844. Mt deae Sie, — The Baltimore Convention, you see, has nominated James K. Polk for President, and George M. Dallas for Vice-President. They are both out for immediate annexa- tion, and the Democrats are well pleased with the nomination and their prospect of success. The Convention passed resolu- tions, before they adjourned, unanimously in favor of annexa- tion. The contest is now fairly opened, and the question of annexation is now a party question, forced into that shape by the Whigs. Van Buren has been defeated by his opposition to Texas, and I hope Mr. Clay wUl share the same fate. The ap- pearance is now strong against Clay. From all parts of the United States the evidence in favor of annexation is strong. I stUl think Gen. Cass is a stronger man than Polk ; but the ma- jority of' the Democrats think otherwise, and, of course, they know better than I do. Congress has resolved to adjourn on the 17th inst., and even now it is uncertain whether the treaty and McDuffie's joint resolutions will be rejected, or laid upon the table, with the view, on the part of the Whigs, of making the impression that they have not rejected the measure, but de- layed it untU the people can be consulted, and some pretended obstacles removed. I received Gen. Houston's instructions of the 1 Vth ult. a day or two since, directing us to press the ques- tion no farther, and commanding me to take my leave and return to Texas, and, of course, I am no longer acting in the business. I shall, however, not leave here for ten days. I regret that Gen. Houston has come to that determination, as I Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 357 think our fiiends could elect Polk, provided the question of annexation remained a pending question, to be decided by the result of the Presidential election. Whether the President of the United States will assemble Congress again before the regular session, or not, wiU depend upon the views of the President of Texas, together with some local considerations. If our representative here, Mr. Van Zandt, requests him to do so, I think he will call both Houses together in about sixty- days, and force the question upon them for a final decision. Mr. Tyler is very anxious to be elected President — too much so for the good of Texas, though he does not think so. I think Mr. Clay's friends are considerably alarmed at his position, and if he could recall his letter on the subject of annexation, I am satisfied he would not write another such. Our friends say, that if Texas will only await the result, they will surely succeed and annex us. We are daUy gaining friends in the North and Northwest. Benton is completely dead. Walker answered his extraordinary speech most successfully. All of the speeches will be published, and I will get a copy of each and send them to you before I leave. Present me kindly to Mrs. Jones and the little ones. Yours very truly, HjarDEESON. To the Hon. Anson Jones, &c. P. S. — Gen. Murphy has been rejected by the Senate as Charge to Texas, and I presume Gen. Howard, formerly of Tennessee, and now of Indiana, and an old friend of Gen. H , will be appointed, &c. [Endorsed. — ^I decided to wait the issue before the people of the United States. Gen. Houston takes opposite grounds, so we are at issue. — ^A. J.] [From, Wm. Kennedy., Esc[i\ H. B. M. Consulate, Galveston, June 3d, 1844. Mt deae Doctoe, — Your letters of 2d and 19th May are before me, and demand my warmest acknowledgments for' the kind and cordial spirit in which they have been written. I still continue to regain firmer health, and am pursuing my accus- tomed avocations as of yore. Digitized by Microsoft® 358 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. The nature of my position here at present, now forbids my taking the contemplated journey to Washington. Capt. E says that he is destined to some " northern part of the United States " to seek " restoration of health." His superiors and mine inform me that he is " compelled to return to Europe " for the same purpose. On that point I presume not to specu- late ; but in the mean time, Zam to remain at my post, being directed to undertake certain new duties in relation to corre- spondence. I am thus precise in explanation, lest you should, for a moment, conceive that either an unwilling mind or an in- dolent body had any share in the further procrastination of my " progress " to the forest-girded capital of Texas. Now, as the matter stands inevitably thus, may I not hope that, in your visit to Brazoria, you will make an endeavor to touch at Galves- ton ? As you have been so recently an invalid, might we not reasonably anticipate an exchange of friendly sympathies under circumstances the most favorable for their development. As I suppose that, by the time this letter reaches Washing- ton, you win, at least, be ready to start for Brazoria, I do not send up the parchment for the certified copies of the colonial contract, being desirous to have them honored with your own signature. They will be ti-ansmitted as soon as you return to your official residence. For your attention in recommending Mr. Grieve and party to the good offices of Major Hays, I pray you to accept my best thanks. I trust your lady has not been visited with indisposition as well as yourself Mrs. K. fortunately has experienced no cli- matic attack. It was her intention to have accompanied me to Washington, and she writes in expressing a lively sense of the hospitable offer you were so good as to make to us, and in the hope that Mrs. J. will, ere long, enable us to manifest equal good-will at Galveston. I shall be anxious to see the news that will arrive here, in about a fortnight, from the United States and Europe. It is devoutly to be wished that the minds of statesmen may not be quite so charged with heat as is the present weather. Come to Galveston, my dear Doctor, and inhale breezes freshened by the influences of Neptune. With sincere wishes Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 359 for your health and happiness, and the welfare of all who share your affections, I am, as always. Faithfully yours, William Kennedy. The Hon. Anson Jones, &c., &c., &o. [FVom G. H. Raymond, Esc[.\ Washingion City, June 5th, 1844. My deah Feiend, — Mr. Castro is about leaving for Galves- ton, and I will avail myself of the opportunity to send you a few lines, although I have no important or interesting infornia- tion to communicate. The session of Congress is drawing to a close, and I do as- sure you there is scarcely any prospect of a favorable action upon the annexation question. It is very generally believed that Mr. Tyler will convene Congress some time in the month of September next, and re- commend a joint resolution for annexation. Many of the mem- bers would like the ftm of coming back, after a few weeks' visit home, and I am not sure but many of the warmest friends of Texas would thank the President for such a course. Some de- sire to consult their constituents; others fear responsibility; and others think Tyler would withdraw from the Presidential canvass upon a called session being convened. The Whigs are disposed to delay the matter, and say it will never do to go contrary to their great leader's dictum ; -so that between them aU, Congress wUl adjourn on the 17th inst., without any action upon the subject, save a rejection of the treaty. If there should be a called session, if Tyler should with- draw from the canvass, and if the members of Congress shall discover that the people are in its favor, why then there wUl be pretty fair grounds to hope the measure will be carried this year. The Democrats, as a party, are pledged to the measure, and their candidates (Polk and Dallas) are its warmest advoca,tes. Should this party prevail at the ensuing Presidential election, annexation might be considered as certain to take place, imless Texas in the mean time withdraw her consent, and adopt some adverse line of pohcy. The Democratic nominations seem to be well received, and wiU doubtless harmonize and unite the Digitized by Microsoft® 360 LETTEES, ETC. [1844. party. To-night a great ratification meeting is to be held in New York city, at which Ex-President Van Buren is to preside. 'Tis said that all of the old Jackson men in 'New York and Pennsylvania, &c., who went over to Gen. Harrison, will come back into the ranks, now that Van Buren is out of the way, and Gen. Jackson's bosom friend the candidate. Col. Benton's course upon the treaty has brought down upon his head the curses of a large portion of the Democratic party. It is a very able speech, and sustains Clay's position admirably. The Whigs have ordered 300,000 copies of it for circulation, and are show- ering compliments and praises upon Benton in the richest pro- fusion. I said it was an able speech : it is ; but at the same time, in my opinion, his premises are false, and his whole argu- ment has been demolished by Mr. Walker's reply. Walker is worth his weight in diamonds. I can't tell you how highly I prize that man. Mr. MOler left here about ten days ago for Texas. General Henderson speaks of leaving in the course of two weeks. Should there be a called session of Congress, Mr, Van Zandt will prob- ably conclude to remain here and await its action. I have not yet heard from you la relation to my salary, but I feel confident, under the circumstances, you wiU use your in- fluence to have it paid in par funds. I perceive the Northern Standard has hauled down its opposition colors ; and from all I can learn you wiU. obtain a heavy vote in the East. I have written several letters to my friends in Robertson county and elsewhere, urging them to be at their post and do their duty at the September elections. Please accept assurances of the great respect and esteem with which I have the honor to be your friend and obedient ser- vant, Chaelbs H. Raymond. Dr. A. Jones. [^Endorsement. — Texas will not " adopt some other adverse line of policy," if I can help it. — A. J.] [Self to Judge Norton.'] At Home, June 6th, 1844. Deae Sie, — ***** B^t tjie Democrat is cot alone. The Vindicator now circulates about 900 copies. Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 361 They go into every " nook and corner " where the Telegraph can he found. Besides, there is the Red Lander, a paper of high character and great influence, with a circulation much larger than that of the Telegraph, the News, and the Intel- Ugeuccr put together. There is also the Harrison Times, a well-conducted paper, with a circulation of some four or five hundred. The Democrat would probably gain at once and without any great effort as large a circulation as any paper in the country, if it would adopt the " credit system," as some of the other papers have done. But, for one, I like the " cash system " best, as in the end it is much the safest. The news from every quarter is of the most favorable char- acter ia regard to the election. I am not deceived. I have it from men of known integrity and intelligence, — men who have no motive to induce them, nor object to accomplish, in attempt- ing to deceive me. It is true there are a few of the opposition who make themselves busy in saying that Burleson will be elected, — ^two to one, three to one, four to one, and some six to one. But they are appointed and commissioned to do this, and no more. I know one in particular, who has taken his stand at a certain corner, and repeats over an assertion like this, to every one that passes, parrot hke. There are also some pretended friends who (enemies in disguise) make acknowledg- ments for me, and say " I stand no chance," &c., &c., &c. I know who these men are. I say once more to you, — ^I am a candidate, and shall con- tinue to be so, and that, whether I get a vote or not. I expect the support of my friends, not apathy and discouragement. If you think the case a bad one, I ask you to go with me no step further than you choose. I wish, however, you would " define your position," and let me know what I am to depend upon. I wish this done at once ; there is no time for delay. Your friend, Anson Jones. Hon. M. P. NoKTON, Houston. [Note. — This letter was written at the time it bears date, but not sent in the present form, though the subject-matter was communicated to the Judge by a different channel, and much more in reference thereto. I thought and said, and still think, Digitized by Microsoft® 362 LETTEES, ETC. [1844, it would have been a species of moral treason to the country for me to have hesitated at the time. The best hopes of a ■ proper and favorable settlement of our national affairs depended upon a contiauance of the policy I had adopted, and so long pursued, and was at the moment pursuing, with a fair prospect of success, in reference to independence and annexation. The opposition were pledged, if brought into power, to change this policy, and would thereby, in all probabihty, have prevented the consummation I achieved. This change of policy was cer- tain as it regarded Gen. Burleson, and probable as it regarded Judge Hemphill. But if I had declined the candidature after the rejection of the annexation treaty had become known here, as proposed by the Houston clique, — that is, after the middle of June, — ^there would then have been but ten weets to the elecr tion ; and it is not to be supposed that the Admiaistration party, and my other friends, who had been organizing for more than twelve months under the banner of those principles with which I was alone identified throughout the length and breadth of our wide-extended country, could, in the face of an active and well- disciplined opposition, have broken up that organization ; and, in the short space of time remaining, have remodelled their forces, and organized with new leaders and new or doubtful principles, with any, the least hopes of success, in the struggle with which they were so soon to engage with the enemy. De- feat would have been inevitable. Any other result would not come within the range of possibility or probability. — ^A. J.] \From John Manson, Esq.'\ Houston, June 6th, 1844. To Hon. Anson Jones : Deae Sir, — I am happy to find we concur in the necessity of immediate exertion in the Presidential contest, for if we- even were more perfectly assured of a larger majority than we anticipate, it is the most dangerous mistake that can be committed, either in war or politics, to undervalue a cunning and unscrupulous enemy. It is very evident, if they mine, we must countermine, for if it was possible that there were any chance of Texas being again cursed by the rule of the Lamar Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 363 faction, I would sooner see her annexed to the United States, Mexico, or the Devil, than consent to heparticeps criminia in the foul transaction. Mr. Smith and I have had a long and interesting confab on the subject, and I have engaged to furnish one or more articles every week for the Democrat, either as leaders, or communi- cations, oflfensive and defensive, until the election is over. No exertion will be spared on my part, and I feel perfectly assured of ultimate success. We have been lately advised by the Postmaster that you were to pay us a visit here ; I thuik it would be both advisable and politic ; and it would strengthen your friends and weaken your enemies. There has been a report, originating with some who call themselves your friends, of your withdrawing from the contest, and although it was only a " weak invention of the enemy's " it stUl has effect on the waverers, which accounts for the fact mentioned in your letter, of this being the place from which you hear most discouraging reports. Tour presence down here would put that at rest for ever. * * * I am your obliged friend and servant, John Manson. [Note. — ^It is against aU my principles, feelings, and prac- tices, to go about electioneering for an oflBce, and it is a sacri- fice I cannot make in the present instance, for the Presidency most especially, is an office neither to be sought nor decHned. This is a question the people must decide for themselves. I have counselled with my friends, when requested, and given them my opinion of the proper course to pursue. I have, and shall consider it my duty to repel attacks made upon my character as a man, and my acts as a public officer ; but beyond these I shall not go; Besides, in consequence of the almost continual absence of the President and most of his Cabinet from the seat of Gov- ernment, I am compelled to remain at my post, and administer the public affairs. Further than this, the policy I am now pur- suing with the United States, England, France, Mexico, and other powers, in reference to a settlement of our national diffi- culties, is not ripe for an exposure to the world. A prudent and discreet policy requires I should keep silent for the present, Digitized by Microsoft® 364 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. which I Could not do were I to go among the people elec- tioneering. The Opposition must necessarily have the advan- tage of this circumstance. — A. J.] [From Gen. J. P. JETenderson.] Washington City, June 7th, 1844. Mt dear Sie, — ^We have no matter of sufficient impor- tance to make up a despatch, but as you must he anxious to hear from this quarter as often as possible, if you only hear that there is no news, I deem it best to write this. The Senate is much puzzled to know what course to pursue in regard to the treaty, &c., they do not wish to reject it, and the Whigs cannot ratify without disobeying Mr. Clay's commands. It has been rumored for several days that a runner has been started to Ashland for advice, and to get Mr. Clay's consent to certain propositions. In the mean time Mr. Rives has introduced into the Senate the following resolutions, viz. : "June Cth, 1844. Resolved, that the treaty for the annexation of Texas be laid on the table, and that the President be advised to cause an ad- ditional article to be negotiated, extending the period within which the treaty is to be ratified, and the ratifications ex- changed, so as to give further time for a fuU and deliberate expression of the opinion of the people of the United States on the subject, and also for a reasonable and amicable effort to obtain the concurrence of Mexico, in a conventional arrange- ment for ascertaining and establishing the boundaries which shall separate her adjacent territories to the west and the north, from those of Texas." This resolution was introduced in secret session, a printed copy of which (printed secretly for the use of the Senators) was handed me to-day by a gentleman, sent doubtless by Mr. Rives to ascertain how such a step would be received by Texas. I frankly told the person who came with the resolution, that whatever might be my individual opinion as to the step proposed, I could say to him that the Representar tives of Texas here had no power to consent to the proposed delay — ^that I apprehended Gen. Houston would regard such a step as tantamount to a rejection of the treaty ; and, moreover, that I presumed, from what I had heard, that Mr. Tyler would Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 365 not consent to it. My own opinion is, tliat as matters now stand, Texas Lad better consent to the proposition, if passed by the Senate, as I believe there will be such a strong demonstration during the next fall elections in favor of annexation, as to force the measure through. I really do believe that Clay will be de- feated. Many very important changes in favor of Polk have taken place abeady, in all parts of the United States. The old Jackson Democrats are all coming back into the old Democratic ranks, and our friends are confident of success. We have re- ceived Gen. Houston's instructions of the iVth May, from the city of Houston, directing us to press the question of annexa- tion no further on this Government, and directing me to take my leave, &c. I wiU leave here accordingly in about ten days. I hope Gen. Houston will await the result of the campaign which is now fairly opened in our favor in the Presidential contest, &c. Yours very truly, Hendeeson. Hon. Anson Jones. ^Endorsement. — Gen. Houston is not willing to wait the re- sult of the Presidential election. The instructions from the city of Houston were hasty, and not known of by me. I am in fevor of following the advice of this letter. A. J.] \From J. W. Henderson, Esq.'\ Houston, June 20th, 1844. Hon. A. JoiTES : SiE, — I am now canvassing this county for Representative, and have some opportunity of knowing what will be the result of your election so far as regards this county. I was in favor of HemphiU up to the time he was dropped, and then took my stand for you ; and have invariably urged upon my friends the necessity of your election. Sotne cause, I know not what, has marked a powerful revolution in your favor. I have two op- ponents. Col. , and Col. Thruston ; they are for Burleson. I shall very nearly get as many votes as both of them. Borne say both are to be dropped, and some more prominent man is to be brought out. I shall make the Presidential election a strong point in the canvass. I say to you, as I always held to my friends, that I was in favor of Henderson, and urged upon Digitized by Microsoft® 366 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. him to run, I then urged VLTpon the friends to take up Hemphill as an available ; hut as the issue is now made, and the time is come when it is necessary to work, I have taken my stand, and I start in the canvass as your friend. I helieve you will get 500 votes in this county ; the whole vote wiU he ahout 150 or 800. I shall he at Washington in a few days. Yours, J. W. Hendbbson. P. S. by John Geeen, Esq. : SiE, — ^Your prospects are brightening here daily. I have re- cently heard several persons offer to bet on your prospects, but could not find any one reckless enough to take them up : — 500 and 300 is generally admitted, but I think it will he worse than that. John Geebn. [Midorsement. — ^After trying to bring out, one after another, every available man in the country, the Houston clique finally, on the 20th June, finding I would he elected with or without their support, concluded to take their stand for me in prefer- ence to Gen. Burleson and the Opposition. How patriotic and magnanimous ! ! ! — A. J.] [From H. G. Catlett, Usq.} Cut of Austin, June 23d, 1844. Hon. Anson Jones : Esteemed Sie, * * * * Permit me most sincerely to congratulate you on the increased flattering prospects of your triumph, — the triumph of order, sound principles, and good government over mobocracy, misrule, reckless speculation, and air-castle building. All the news I can get from every part of the country is indeed most cheering ; and the west, or at l^ast the more candid portion, are compelled to admit that the coun- try is in a most flourishing condition when compared with its situation two years since ; and when the election shall be over, and unprincipled demagogues, desperadoes, and disorganizers are laid low, and the people have time for sober reflection, your day will come indeed ; and when you have an opportunity of showing to the people of the west, and to all the country, that you are free from those absurd eccentricities which have made Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 367 Gen. Houston so many personal enemies, and that your whole wish is for the interest of the lohoh country, I predict that you will leave the Presidential chair with more universal popularity amongst the people than either of the other ex-Presidents have done. "With a certain set you can never be popular, — they can flourish alone imder misrule, and they are fully satisfied that they cannot wheedle or bend you to their purposes — therefore would have more use for any other man. * * * With considerations of the highest esteem, I remain most respectfully, your friend and servant, H. G. Catlett. [From Col H. F. Fisher :\ « (Matence) Mainz, June 27th, 1844. Dr. Anson Jones : Deae Sir, — ^I had the pleasure of addressing you on the I'Zth March from Galveston, and on the 20th May from Bremen, but I am deprived of any favors from you. The object of the present is to inform you of my having, after great troubles and labor, succeeded in procuring the ne- cessary funds and emigrants to carry out the stipulations of our colonization contract, and that I have associated with a " So- ciety " (previously formed here) " for the Protection of German Emigrants to Texas." Mr. Wrede, the bearer of this, will be despatched to-day by the society, as an express to inform Prince Solms of Hanover, (now in Texas, and who is one of the stock- holders of the society,) of that fact. The " Society for the Protection of German Emigrants to Texas " had previously entered into an agreement with Bour- geois d'Orvanne and Ducro to colonize their grant, provided they had not forfeited the same ; and in order to ascertain more about the said grant, they sent Prince Solms with Mr. Bourgeois to Texas, and requested the aid of the English and French Governments to procure an extension of time for Bourgeois, if it could be done. Since that time I arrived in Bremen, and visited Count Castell, Count Leinengen, and other members and heads of the society, and after a great deal of ex- ertion, and my having pointed out to them the impracticability of obtaining a new grant for Bourgeois, and our grant being Digitized by Microsoft® 368 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. now in full force and virtue, they concluded at last to enter into a contract of association mth me, which was signed and sealed yesterday. They now desire much to get rid of Mr. ^Bourgeois., and that he may not succeed in getting any privileges from the Government of Texas, in order to be able to concentrate all their means for the colonization and improvement of our grant. I shall leave here on the 1st August next via Liverpool, and expect to be in Texas by middle of September. The society has intrusted me with the management of affairs in Texas. On the 15th September next the first expedition of emigrants wiU leave Bremen. I shall settle in the colony this faU about four hundred families, who are required by the company to bring with them not less than 600 florins a family, and 300 francs a single man ; but there are emigrants among them worth from 10,000 to 30,000 florins, so that the Republic will acquire by the introduction of these families alone a cash capital of about 400,000 florins, independent of what moneys wUl be expended by the company for the settlement of the same. My time being at present very limited, I refrain from giving you more of the particulars ; but so much I can say, that I have succeeded in making such arrangements with the " Society for the Protection of German Emigrants to Texas," which cannot but result to the greatest benefit of the Repubhc, and every otae concerned in the enterprise. Therefore I hope I may rely on your friendly co-operation in behalf of Your friend and obedient servant, Henet F. Fisher. \From Gen. Sam. Houston.} Grand Cane, Trinity, 11th June, 1844. Mt dear Jones, — ^I am here safe and sound. I hope on to- morrow to send you this note, which will reach you in less than four days. Since I left you I hope you have received no worse news than what I have to send you. A gentleman passed here yesterday from San Augustine, Mr. Thomas, (an old settler,) who states that he did not see but one man in a travel of three weeks, (except one,) but what would vote for yourself and K. L. Anderson, and that one was Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 369 Judge Scurry, and he said ho " had promised Burleson, and wished you elected ! " The gentleman stated that you would get nearly all the votes in San Augustine, IsTacogdoches, and the counties around them ; and in the Red River region he states from the best in- formation, that you would get at least two-thirds of the votes. In passing through Montgomery I did not hear of one man that would vote for Burleson, nor do I think I saw one unless it was " Meggison." This county will vote about 500. * * You will not lose over 50, possibly 75. * * * So now you are in possession of aU my news. You wiU now go on with all your skill and appliances, and you know what licks, and where to give and how to give them. I may remain here imtil the last of this month, unless busi- ness should require me at home. * * * j hope we are pretty weU through exciting matters ; but should it be otherwise, we must meet. ****** Thine truly, Sam. Housxoiir. Doctor Anson Jones. [Note, 1853. — ^It wiU be seen from Gen. Houston's letters and other docvmients that he was absent from the seat of Gov- ernment nearly all the year 1844 and much of 1843, during most of which time I administered all branches of the Govern^ ment. — ^A. J.] [From Bon. Ashhd Smith.'\ (Accompanying his despatch of 24th June from London.) July 1, 1844. Mv DEAE SiE, — Your despatches and private letter of the 26th March have just reached me, barely in time to acknowl- edge their receipt, not to answer them. In my interview of to-day week with Lord Aberdeen, I found on his part the most friendly tone and conciliating dispo- sitions towards Texas. The purpose of his Government is, if possible, to prevent our annexation to the American Union. I have endeavored to give an accurate account of our conver- sation in my despatch herewith sent, drawing from that conver- 24 Digitized by Microsoft® 370 LETTERS, ETC. [1844, sation no tmauthorized conclusions. His lordship's manner toward me was marked with much kindness and seeming con- fidence. He appeared quite anxious that in case any " diplo- matic act " be negotiated to settle our relations, it should be transacted at London. As I did not wish to say any more until I shall receive instructions from your department, I took leave of his lordship preparatory to going to Paris, stating at the same time that I would, on three or four days' notice, caU on him at the Foreign Office if invited to do so. Should any circumstances occur which may render annex- ation not desirable by Texas, I believe, nevertheless, the present occasion a favorable one for making advantageous commercial arrangements with Great Britain and France. We may also insist on a treaty with Spain ia reference to our commerce with Cuba ; for it is believed that the word of the king of the French is all potent with the Spanish Government. I have not omitted to urge the importance we attach to the commerce of Cuba in my conversations with these Governments. If deemed best to give me any instructions relative to this subject, I thiuk no time should be lost in transmittuig them to me. On looking at your private letter, I note the close of it, in which you wish to know the opinion entertained by France and England in reference to the course of Texas on annexation, lixtreme dissatisfaction was at first felt, especially by Great Britain. I flatter that I succeeded in removing this feeling wholly from Lord Aberdeen's mind, by a plain statement of the cogent motives that led to our adoption of this course. And I believe the feeling now at London is of some dissatisfaction that the " mediation " was not urged with more vigor. Mr. Addington, Under Secretary, who is well acquainted with Spanish character, observed to me that the Mexican is like a mule — ^if you spur him too much he will back ofi' the precipice with you. The French Government appeared dissatisfied, but they care much less about it than England. I requested a conge some time since. Should it be deemed best for me, in view of the present matter, to remain at my post, I would waive my request for the present. I always write in haste, as I wait for the last moment Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 37I before closing the mail, in order to give the latest informa- ^QU_ * ****** I am very truly and faithfully yours, Ashbbl Smith. Hon. Anson Jones, &c., &o., &o. [From A. jBourgeois d' Orvanne.] Washington, le 1 Juiliet, 1844. Cbdee MoNsrEUE, — S. A. S. le Prince de Solms et moi venons d'arriver, pour avoir I'hormeur de vous voir ainsi que S. Excel- lence Le President. Ne vous trouvant pas a Washington, et dans la crainte de mois croiser, nous venons vous prior de nous faire savoir si nous devrons nous rendre k votre habitation de- main, ou vous attendre ioi. Recevez, Cher Monsieur, I'assurance de me sentiments tres affecteux, Ai. Bouegeois d'Okvaiwe. To Hon. Anson Jones. [Midorsement. — ^The Prince is of the family of Solms-Braun- fels, a step-son of Cumberland, Eang of Hanover, and by this marriage cousin to Victoria, Queen of England. — ^A. J.] [From Gen. Sam. Houston.^ Geand Cane, Tkiniit River, July 8tb, 1844. Deae Jokes, — ^I had the pleasure to receive your letter by Dr. Hill. I believe I have nothing to suggest in relation to the despatches to Col. A. Smith, unless it be to ascertaia the sura and substance of the correspondence between England and France on the subject of Texas and Mexico. Let him, so far as practicable, ascertain what they propose to do in our behalf, and let him refer the same to this Government. We are not in a situation to make any pledges until we know absolutely what they propose to do. We wiU try hereafter and keep the jockey word when we have got it. (What boot wiU you give us ? ) I enclose you a letter from Mr. Van Zandt, in which he announces having sent his resignation to you. You wiU accept it in the most courteous terms, and express to him the confidence of the Executive in his patriotism and integrity. You will direct him to hand over to Mr. Raymond the papers of the legation when Digitized by Microsoft® 372 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. he is ready to leave Washington. I also forward you a letter from Mr. Raymond of that legation, until we have an oppor- tunity of meeting. I have not heard of our man, Major Chenoweth, but what you tell me of him. I wrote a letter to the East yesterday by Capt. BeaU. I also wrote a letter to Gen. Taylor, enclosing a copy of one from Gen. Murphy, — the original I send to you. I am exceedingly anxious to get to Houston and Washington. I will endeavor to see Gen. Murphy on my way up. Gen. How- ard, the new Charg6 d' Affaires, was Inspector-General of my staff when I was Governor of Tennessee, and we are particular friends. TJntU I arrive no appointment wiU be made to supply the place of Mr. Van Zandt. I would not have been unwilling to have gratified his desire to remain in the event of a called session, only that I am very much opposed to contingencies, and I am satisfied that his interests will be better advanced by his return, and I am led to believe that our Minister's leaving Washington City wiU. have a favorable influence on the general concerns of Texas. We shall have to be as sharp-sighted as lynxes, and wary as foxes, for we are not yet out of the woods, and ought not to halloo. Our path is yet beset by many inci- dents. I do not exactly know what to make out of Gen. Mur- phy's letter, but am somewhat incredulous about Santa Anna's avowed designs. That he wants money, I have no doubt ; that he will get it, I have some. That he will derive foreign aid, I think is an error. Hockley and Williams suggested it ; and it may be consonant with the views of England to let the idea be propagated. It could not be afforded at a better time for Texas than when she has a guarantee of assistance. I wish you to ascertain of the legation at Washington, wheth- er the different legations of the several Governments were wait- ed upon, and whether it was ascertained if they would act con- jointly, or what two powers would, in bringing about pacification between Texas and Mexico. There are several points in my letter from Houston to that legation, which I do not see alluded to in their replies, nor in any of their correspondence. They may have placed a different estimate upon their value from what I did, at the time I wrote them, but that even would not justify an omission to notice them in any respect. Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 373 I will now drop into politics. I would remark, although it would appear such could not be the result of the election, that I haye heard of but two men in the county who would positive- ly vote against yourself and Anderson. One is said to be Mr. Branch, and the other a Mr. Bevans, an Englishman. Branch you know, and Bevans is a lawyer who never gets a fee. So far as I can hear or learn, your and Anderson's prospects are excellent. I wiU leave here for Washington the moment I am able, by the way of Houston. I have private business at San Augustine, which will require me there by the 5th of August, if it is practicable to get there. I find to-day that since noon the family are worse, and my own situation is so painful from a rising on my jaw that I will not attempt to describe it. From the incoherency of my letter, I fear I am sUghtly delirious. Most truly thine, Sam. Houstoit. Hon. Anson Jones, Secretary of State. [Endorsement. — See P. S. on another sheet. " Coming events cast their shadows before." Two weeks before this England and France had cordially united in the policy of defeating annexa- tion, and made a proposal to Dr. Smith. This letter foreshad- ows such an event, (arranged perhaps between Gen. H. and Capt. Elliot, or Mr. SaUgny, secretly,) and the Executive Order of September 24th to me to close with that proposal. — A. J. P. S. — ^I thank the Lord I had sufficient of the " lynx and the fox," as herein advised, to detect the scheme. Gen. Houston was calling my attention one way, while the game was running another ; — but did not succeed.] Grand Cane, July 8th, 1844. P. S. — Deae Jones, — I have to desire that you will imme- diately address the British authorities at Mexico, or any that maybe residing in Texas, (if you should think well of the plan,) to inquire of Santa Anna if he considers aU the effects of the armistice proclaimed through the British authorities and recog- nized by this Government, as well as Mexico, at an end ; for, indeed, there was no other arrangement ever made or recog- nized, save that proclaimed by the President of Texas upon information received from her Majesty's Ministers, and recog- nized by the Mexican authorities, as will be seen by their ac- Digitized by Microsoft® 374: LETTEES, ETC. [1844. tion taken under it. And, furthermore, to know of Santa Anna if he meditates another invasion of Texas or not, or within six months from the open declaration of his intentions ; and also what are his intentions in relation to the prisoners, and what has delayed his action in regard to them ? Would it not be well for you to puhUsh your last letters to our Ministers, with the accompanying protest, written previous to our receiving the news of the armistice. K you have any doubt about doing this, don't do it untU I see you again. I have but Uttle doubt on the subject, though I cannot caU every thing to mind in my torture. Yours truly, Sam. Houston. [JEJndorsement. — Going over to France and England in a hurry. Mem. — I did not let him. (V. Order Sept. 24th, and my action on it.) This whole letter is a foreshadowing of the Order of Sept. 24th, same year, to close with the proposition of England and France, and pledge Texas against annexation for all time to come. 1846. — ^A. J.] [M-om Col. John O. Hays.] San Antonio de Bexak, 21st July, 1844. Deae Sie, — ^I have to acknowledge the receipt of your es- teemed communication by Mr. Castro, and assure you that I wUl do every thing in my power to enable him to effect his ob- ject (the establishment of his colony) as soon as possible. The small force that I have under my command will not be sufficient to afford the colonists much protection in their new settlement. I think, however, if my force was increased to 15 or 20 in addition to my present numbers, they could proceed to the lands and commence their operations in safety. Mr. Castro is now in this city, and will proceed immediately to the settlement. He has been detained a short time in con- sequence of my inability to accompany him, caused by a severe epeU of sickness, from which I have but recently recovered. I have the honor to be, very respectfully. Tour friend and obedient servant, JoHK C. Hats. Hon. Anson Jones. Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 375 [From Son. Q. ITughes.l The Hague, SOth July, 1844. My deae Sir, — I have much pleasure in acknowledging the receipt of your very kind letter of the 6th May ; and I confess that your words — " The interest you have taken in the affairs of Texas, and your services rendered in Europe, in facilitating an acknowledgment of our national character, entitle you to my best thanks, and the lasting gratitude of every Texan " — ^have gratified me exceedingly. I certainly did work very zealously, and, I say it without any mawkish reserve, efficaciously, in your cause at Paris ; and (let me go the whole hog at once) it is pos- itively to my acting through my friend the Marquis de Rumigny, who secured for me the ear and the confidence of Marshal Soult, thatyoM owe the recognition of your independence by the French Government. There is no political fact more true than that I never should or could have succeeded, but for the friendship and active support of Marquis Rumigny; and it is to him chiefly, and in the first place, that you owe your thanks. He was at the time (1839) Ambassador at Madrid, and at home (Paris) on leave. He is now Ambassador at Brussels, where again, at my instance and recommendation, he did every thing that could possibly be done by the most sincere and zealous friend, to support your cause, and to prevail upon the Belgic Government to follow the example of France, England, Hol- land, and other European States, in recognizing your Govern- ment. I repeat that it is to him that you owe your thanks and gratitude for his active and disinterested exertions in your fa- vor, and for the open and manly support he gave to our worthy and clever friend Daingerfield. * * * * I do not give in to the gloomy view of things implied by your words, of " not entertaining a reasonable hope of our ever meeting again." Now, I do not see why we may not have a hope of meeting again. I indulge the hope of seeing you and your illustrious chief, Gen. Houston, some day or other, in the United States, once more reintegrated in all your rights and identity as citizens of the old mother country, from which I have ever regarded your separation as merely ideal and tem- porary ; for I never have conceived, nor ever can conceive, the Digitized by Microsoft® 376 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. possibility of some hundreds of thousands of our fellow-coun- trymen being completely dissevered from the old United States ; and I have always looked on ye Texans, notwithstanding your geographical removal, as stiU being an integral part of our pop- ulation, and as my countrymen and bi'others; and I believe there is that in our nature, as American citizens, which renders a complete separation as absolutely inadmissible to our hearts, and positively impossible. We must go through some political and legislative ceremonies and flourishes, on account of territo- rial and boundary, and Mexican considerations ; but our popu- lation is and must be one and identical, whatever may be the delays, and the discussions, and the performances of our re- spective " Congresses " on the question of annexation. There is a power, far superior to the phenomena and exhibitions in legislative halls, which must and will, soon or late, settle the matter. The people, on both sides of the frontier, wiU flout and scout, and utterly cast from them, all schemes and notions of distinction and separation. We are of the same family, the same kidney, the same sympathies, the same blood. E"othing can keep us apart. Annexation is a mere form, where identity exists. In a word, I consider annexation, soon or late, (and rather soon than late,) as certain and inevitable. No power on earth can prevent it. Col. Daingerfield, now here, has made a very wise use of his time since his successful negotiations with the Hanse Towns. He has visited, with the eye of a practical and observing trav- eller, several of the southern countries of Europe. * * * He had formed some vague project of going home, for a time, to Texas ; and I believe has written to you in that sense, and to ask leave of absence. I have, however, rather advised him to give up all such notions, and to remain at his post, taking care of Texan interests ; for it seems to me that in the present very extraordinary condition of your nationality, as regards the question of your annexation, and whUst things are so undecided, it might have an injurious and an undignified appearance and influence if he, who is now so generally known in Europe as a Texan representative, should leave his employment and go home. He will do much wiser and better by continuing in Eu- rope, seeing to his country's interests, and waiting the develop- ments of events. ****** Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 3^Y The newspapers tell every thing. I have nothing of impor- tance to write, and if I had, I am in no humor for writing to- day. My spirits ar6 dejected ; this sad tendency comes over me often, and leaves me listless and unequal to any exertion. Our life here is very quiet ; more like the repose of village life than what you might suppose to be the case in the capital of a kingdom and ahode of royalty. We have none of the bus- tle and variety of most European towns; and there is so little movement and incident, that we are just as much occupied about, and just as anxious for the news from England and France as you are on the other side of the Atlantic. I was thinking how your Government might, in some way, mai-k your sense of gratitude for the services rendered you by the Marquis de Rumigny, and thus do an act just and praise- worthy in itself, and honorable to the character of republics, which you know are generally charged with being ungrateful. Have you not some new town or county to christen in your great and prosperous region ? If so, baptize it " Rumigny^'' and write a complimentary letter to the Marquis at Brussels, communicating the fact to him. Your noble-hearted General Houston wiU be the first to espouse and promote a public act of generosity, gratitude, and justice ; and you may say to Mm from me, that it would be impossible to do too much to show honor and respect for the character and name of this excellent and noble-hearted Frenchman, who so zealously took up your cause in 1839, and by his influence and consideration with his own Government, prevailed upon France to recognize and ad- mit the equality and independence of Texas, and to receive her into the family of nations. Talk this over with Gen. Houston, and I assure you both that such an act, on the part of your Government, wiU reflect the greatest credit and honor upon your national renown ia Europe, and it won't put your Treasury to the smallest expense. K it should be the President of Texas who opens this letter, my suggestion to pay this compliment to my valued friend, Marquis Rumigny, will reach, directly, head-quarters, and be the more likely to be entertained. I sincerely hope you may be elected, for I assure you I have ever cherished the recollec- tion of our iatercourse in the United States as among the pleas- Digitized by Microsoft® 378 LETTERS, ETC. [1844, ing incidents of my life, and to it may be ascribed, in a great measure, not exactly the existence, but the activity of my inter- est and efforts to be of some use and service to the cause and welfare of your new and promising country ; to it, and to you, I heartily wish peace and prosperity. I pray you to read this dull letter with kindness and indulgence, and to believe me to be, and very sincerely. Tour friend, Cheistophee Htxghes. The Hon. Anson Jones, Secretary of State of Texas. N. B. — ^I have seen your correspondence, and considering the " situation of circumstances," you have beaten him off the field — horse and foot ! I think I know E 1. I kne-v^ his celebrated old father, Hugh EUiot, and his sister. Lady Ilislop, Adieu. Tours, C. H. {jEndorsement. — I have endeavored to carry out the very proper suggestions of this letter in regard to Rumigny, and also to have a county named after Mr. Hughes, but have not been seconded by Gen. Houston, and could find no one to assist me, nor could I awaken any feelings among Our legisla- tors on the subject. France was so far off, they chose to know nothing about it. — ^A. J.] l^From James W. Scott, Esq^ San Augustine, August 18th, 1844. Deae Doctoe, — I was surprised to hear from Washington that some one had charged that I had, in Houston or some- where else, said that you were opposed to annexation. I never said any thing of the sort. I am too smart, I think, to assert a thing so susceptible of easy refutation ; and had your enemies been equally so, the charge would never have been made, at least not so near home, where your archives, and all your public and private professions could be brought to bear to prove the falsity of the charge. The only argument I recollect using ia your favor — and this was in the presence of Gen. Burleson,' and Gen. Harrison, who is now in Washington — ^was, that, having assisted Gen. Houston in bringing about the present state of things, you would Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 379 necessarily feel a pride in perfecting the policy which had been begun. ******* Yours truly, J. W. Scott. Eon. Anson Jones. [li^om C. S. Raymond, Esc[^ Washington, D. C, August 28th, 1844-. Friend Jones, — ^I drop you a few lines by to-night's mail, relative to the appointment of a Commissioner by the United States, to attend the Council on the 15th proximo, in hopes they may reach New Orleans by the next sailing of the steam= ship " Republic." Mr. Calhoun has just informed Mr. Van Zandt that a Com- missioner would be immediately despatched, with a suitable escort, to the place of meeting, where he wiU probably arrive in forty days from this date. It was supposed the Indians could be detained tiH that time, or even longer, if necessary. Tour despatch on this subject did not reach here tiU. three days ago. Several despatches of July and up to the 6th inst., — the last by express from your Department to Mr. Van Zandt and my- self, — ^have been received, and I will write more fuUy about them by to-morrow's mail. Mr. Van Zandt has been waiting for his letter of recall, which did not arrive until last Saturday. He is now iU, and has been confined to his bed nearly a week. So soon as he recovers sufficiently to travel, he will take his leave of this Government. I consider it is fortunate he is here at this time, when important questions, growing out of the treaty of annexation, are being discussed, &c. But the mail soon closes, and I will conclude to-morrow. Mr. Van Zandt desires his respects to you. With the highest regard, faithfully your friend, Chas. H. Raymond. Hon. Anson Jones. \From the, Same.] Washington, D. C, August 29th, 1844. Feibnd Jones, — I wrote a few lines on yesterday, informing you of the appointment of a Commissioner to attend the Indian Digitized by Microsoft® 380 LETTERS, ETC. [18*4. Council on the part of the United States. Up to this time Mr. Calhoun has sent us no communication upon this subject in re- ply to Mr. Van Zandt's of the 24th inst., but will do so soon. In the mean time, the proper steps are being taken, and orders issued, to effect the objects desired. Your despatch of the 13th ult. to Mr. Van Zandt, and of the 29th to me, were received on the 23d inst. They came over in the brig " Rover." That of the 6th inst., by express, reached here on the 2Vth inst., and the subject on which it treated was immediately laid before this Government, and they now have it under consideration. I cannot say what action they will adopt ; but they have inti- mated their disposition to comply, most faithfully, with all their pledges of protection. The President has been very ill, but wUl be able to meet the Cabinet to-morrow on this subject, when they will probably determine how far they can, constitu- tionally, accede to our requests. Mr. Van Zandt is better to-day, and, with proper care, will be able to leave his bed in two or three days. Mr. Calhoun calls at his room, usually, twice a day. As he has not pre- sented his letter of recall, the business of the Legation is, of course, conducted by him. When we shall learn the deter- mination of this Government in view of the anticipated invasion of Texas, and receive their reply concerning the appointment of a Commissioner to the Council, Mr. Van Zandt will make a despatch to your Department. la the mean time, I wUl keep you informed of what is passing, and the progress making. Mr. Tyler has withdrawn from the Presidential canvass, and, desiring the election of Polk, he is averse to a called ses- sion of Congress, beUeving it would injure Polk's prospects. The Democracy were never in finer spirits, and they certainly have cheering indications of success firom all quarters of the Union. Our Democratic friends in this country are anxious that Texas should await the issue of the pending election, be- fore she resolves against annexation. It is the general impres- sion in this city that Mexico will not, presently, attempt a for- midable invasion of our country, unless she receive foreign aid, and that her present demonstration is the result of British in- fluence and policy. My language to this Government is, that a hostile movement, of a formidable character, is actually about Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETO. 381 to be made hj Mexico agaiust us, and there are certainly very- strong reasons to believe such will be the case. I had the pleasure to receive, last week, your private letter of the 23d ult., and was much gratified with its contents. I hope that every thing will go right. * * * Your devoted friend and obedient servant, Chas. H. Raymond. Dr. Anson Jones. [^indorsement. — The reasons why the request for protection was made of Mr. Murphy, was, I had uo idea the treaty of an- nexation proposed by Mr. Tyler would, or could, be ratified by the Senate of the United States. I therefore wished Texas should not be left in a worse situation, after the failure of the treaty, than she was before its negotiation ; for by it we ran the risk of ofiending not* only Mexico, but England, France, and other European Governments, our fi-iends. V. Gen. T. A. Howard's " hair-splitting" answer to my note of the 6th inst. — A. J.] [From the jSameJ] ■Washington, D. C, August 31st, 1844. Deae Jones, — Mr. Van Zandt has just received letters from H. H. Williams and F. Dawson, Esqrs., informing him that the Mexican Government had succeeded in obtaining the loan of four millions of doUars from Ruble's, and some other house, and had secured them by a lien upon her customs. Under this arrangement, the two houses are represented to be making heavy purchases of cotton domestics in New York and Boston for the Mexican market. Mr. Brower has just written that the Mexican war steamer " Guadalupe " was to sail this day from Mexico, via Havana. 'Tis reported the " Montezuma " wiU not leave New York under two months, but Mr. Brower thinks it quite likely she win sail sooner. The above information we have communicated to Mr. Calhoun, as corroborative of the opinion of our Govern- ment that Mexico is about making a hostile movement upon Texas. Mr. Brower states that they shipped no American seamen, but manned their vessels entirely with Mexicans, Spaniards and Digitized by Microsoft® 382 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. Italians. Also, that he had understood the Mexican Govern- ment has recently contracted with Bell & Brown, of New York, for the building of two vessels of war. Owing to the illness of the President, there has been no meeting of the Cabinet this week, and consequently no deter- mination has been had, in relation to the measures this Govern- ment, in view of its solemn pledges and assurances, will adopt for our protection against the contemplated Mexican invasion. Mr. Calhoun said this morning that there would probably be a meeting of the Cabinet to-day, when the subject would be con- sidered. He is in favor of bold and decided action at once, but I fear that all of the Cabinet do not agree with him in opinion. Mr. Van Zandt is recovering, but does not yet leave his bed. We are looking daily for a maU'by the " Republic." It is nearly a month since she left New Orleans for Galveston. With the highest esteem, truly your friend and obt. svt., Chas. H. Ratmond. Hon. Anson Jones. [IVom the Same.] Washington City, Sept. 13th, 1844. Dear Jones, — Gen. Duff Green leaves to-morrow with des- patches to the United States Minister at Mexico, and will touch at Galveston on his route. He bears the communications al- luded to in my despatch, No. 131, protesting, &c., against the war ; also further instructions to Gov. Shannon, directing him to say to the Mexican Government, that the protest proceeds from no unfriendly spirit, but that, in the event of annexation, this Government stands ready to adjust the boundaries in a fair and amicable way. Mr. Calhoun informed me on yesterday, that Gen. Howard would have been instructed to renew the assurance given to our Government in April last, relative to the disposition of the army and navy of the United States for our protection during the pendency of annexation ; and that, in his despatch to Gen, Howard, he had so directed him; but, when it came to be submitted to the Cabinet, the gentlemen at the head of the War and Navy Departments preferred its being omitted, in order Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.1 LETTERS, ETC. 383 that it might not appear that any new arrangements or orders were made, hut that the return of the naval force to the Gulf, and coast of Texas, which they had only left on account of equinoctial storms, should seem as a mere continuation (as it was in fact) of the April orders, which had already stood the test of the most rigid scrutiny on the part of Congress. I was assured that a continuation of those orders had been made, and that their vessels of war would be on the spot before any danger could approach us. I believe this Government will do rather more for our protection and support, if necessary, than they desire should appear. They don't like to leave themselves open to an attack by Congress, especially WUkins, Mason and Nelson. Mr. Calhoun is case-hardened. "When he thinks he is right he will go ahead, no matter how great the responsibility ; and had he the power, the army would doubtless be ordered right into Texas, to repel any attack upon her. It is the gen- eral impression here that thousands of volunteers would march into Texas at a moment's warning ; 20,000 were encamped at the late Democratic festival near Nashville, armed and equipped for the defence of our soU ; and I believe the whole Democratic party would come to our rescue if we were iu danger of be- ing overcome. Maine gives over 5,000 Democratic majority. Polk's prospects are flattering. Both parties are sanguine of success. In my opinion, Polk wiU be elected ; perhaps, how- ever, the wish is father to the opinion. Probably you wiU have heard by this time of the result of our Presidential election. I feel the greatest anxiety on the subject, because the best interests of our country are involved in the contest. ****** Most truly your friend, Chas. H. Raymond. Hon. Anson Jones. [From Son. Thomas Johnson.^ Lagkange, Sept. 20th, 1844. Deae Sie, — I presume you have by this time certain intel- ligence of your election. Gen. Burleson is here — ^he says you are elected by some hundreds majority. Cushney states that your majority is some 1,500. Be this as it may, you are elected. Digitized by Microsoft® 384 LETTEES, ETC. [1844. Tte impression here is, that you will be led in leading-strings by Sam. Houston. This I know to be false. That while you wiU carry out many of the leading features of Gen. Houston's ad- ministration, because this is the true policy, but that your whole movements wiU be emphatically your own, I am as sure as that you are elected President. This I have endeavored to impress upon the people of this vaUey ; I think with some degree of success. I have told them that they, under your administration, might be assured that all the disposable means of the Government would be employed for border protection; that your opinions on this subject are as liberal as they can ask. Gillespie has done much to impress this truth upon the minds of the people. I know your de- terminations on this subject, and presume you will evince your policy on this subject as soon as possible. The people here, now luider defeat, wiR expect nothing at your hands; hence, a firm, decided action is necessary, on your part, to prove to this people that they are mistaken. This wiE at once change the feelings of this people, and insure a liberal support to your administration. Your liberal policy will, of course, embrace the whole country, and if there be any difierence or partiality, it ought to be evinced for the support of the weaker and most dependent portions of our country. Every encourage- ment ought to be given to emigration westward. Protection win insure this. One company located above Austin, to operate between that and the Brazos, wiU be sufficient protection against Indian depredators, who wUl never molest us except in small bodies, for the purpose of stealing horses, or some other object of that kind — occasionally to kiU a citizen ; all this a company will protect us against. * * * My paper can be issued this week. I sent means from Austin. Let there be no rejoicing or gratulation — success is glory enough without crowing about it. Your friend, Thomas Johbtsoit. To the Hon. Anson Jones. ^Endorsement. — "An honest man 's the noblest work of God."— A. J.] Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETO! 385 [JProm Hon. Wm. B. Ochiltree^ San AiransTiNE, Texas, 24th Sept., 1844. Mt deae Doctoe, — I suppose that we may safely congratu- late you on a majority of fifteen hundred votes. A result alike honorable to yourself, and to the people of Texas. The East, IMiddle and North, did theit duty gloriously. I rather think that Gen. E d returns to the West in no very good humor, with the " gentlemen who brought him out." I do not like the complexion of the next Congress, so far as we have heard. Our people have been lamentably wanting in calling out their candidates for a full exposition of their politi- cal tenets. I suppose that we are ahead of you at this season of the year in getting news from the United States ; there is nothing, however, of any great import from that quarter. Mr. Tyler has withdrawn from the canvass. I imagine, however, he will be scarce missed. Mr. Clay has come out emphatically denying his opposition to annexation. There is a strong showing, I think, on the part of the abolitionists, to cast their vote for an independent candidate ; if they do, it may seriously affect Mr. Clay's prospects ; as a very slight waver in New York, Ohio and Peimsylvania, would produce most important results. I will not tire you. My best respects to Mrs. J. and the two young gentlemen. Charley, I suppose, may now be styled, the Duke of Red River. Tours, most truly, W. B. Ochilteee. Hon. Anson Jones. {From Gen. Duff Green.] GLiLTESTON, 30th September, 1844. Deae Sie, — I have this day written you an official note, en- closing my commission as Consul. I enclose you herein a copy of my letter to the officer commanding the naval station at Pensacola, that you may be apprised of the energy with which the Government is acting in your behalf From my own private advices from Mexico, I have no fear of a formidable invasion by land ; but I do aj^prehend that 25 Digitized by Microsoft® 386 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. Santa Anna, after so much bluster, -will send his steamers here, to bombard this place. Should there be any danger of this when I arrive at Vera Cruz, I will despatch the " Woodbury " to Pensacola ; and, unless I am very much disappointed, our fleet, now there, will be off Galveston, prepared to forbid or punish any attempt to do so. I am not authorized to speak for the Government, but I took the hberty to make the suggestion iu the proper quarter, and believe it wUl be acted on. I will communicate with you from Mexico, by the "Woodbury," when 'she returns, and when I come myself, will have much to say to you on matters and things. Yours truly, Dctff Geeen. Hon. Anson Jones. [From J. H. Cocke, Esq.\ CnSTOM-HouSE, Galveston, 1st October, 1844. Hon. Aifsosr Jones : Deae Sie,— * * * The U. S. steamer " Union » is at anchor off the bar. Gen. Green, special Minister to Mexico, and United States Consul for Galveston, came on shore with letters for you and others. He leaves this evening in the " Wood- bury " for Mexico, the "Union" having some of her machinery damaged. I received a letter from Mr. Van Zandt by Gen. Green, com- plaining bitterly of the Government in regard to his pay. Since, however, he must have received $1,000, which I presume must have eased him in his difficulties. I have the honor to be, with great respect. Your obedient servant, James H. Cocke. \From, Br. J. JE. Phelps.'] Orozimbo, October 4th, 1844. Dr. Anson Jones : Dbab Sie, — Permit me the pleasure of paying the tribute of my congratulations on your election to the Presidency of our RepubUc, which I do sincerely. Your political enemies in this county are mum ! ' Those who Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 287 say any thing, say they would have supported your election had they not been thoroughly convinced that you were, positively, politically, and personally, opposed to annexation. Others, who are opposed to the present Administration, say there will be no hopes for any thing good under yours ; and some who were violent, now say they will tolerate all your good executive acts. The whole, however, are excruciatingly disappointed. iSo mote it be. * * ***** I am, dear sir, your friend and obedient servant, James M. Phbups. [From Stewart Newell, JSsq.] Galveston, October, 1844, Hon. Anson Jones, Secretary of State of the Republic of Texas : Deab Sie, — I had occasion to address you some days since, in relation to the manner in which Gen. Duff Green has acted relative to the transmission of documents to this Government, brought, as I understand, by him from the United States. I did not intend my letter as an official document, but thinking it might be so considered, I beg leave to correct the impression it may have borne. Upon G«n. Green's arrival, he acted so hastily in demanding the services of the " Woodbury " to convey him to Mexico, as bearer of despatches, and that without having said a word to me upon the subject, although said vessel was entirely under my orders, and which I had tendered you the use of, to carry any despatches you might have to go to the United States, and waiting for the same, I did not sanction her going to Vera Cruz. Gen. Green made no communication to me, other than his having been appointed Consul to this port, but did not exhibit to me even a letter upon the subject ; and without further com- munication appointed Col. E. A. Rhodes, Vice-Consul ; and in forty-eight hours after his arrival, sailed again for Vera Cruz. This unusual course, and want of courtesy towards me, without other reason than the influence exerted by the members of the Galveston Secret Society over him, and of which I am told E. A. Rhodes is a member, and whose object, no doubt, was to Digitized by Microsoft® 388 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. impress him "with their pohtical influence, and perhaps aid in forwarding his political views in Texas. Feeling rather hurt than otherwise at this apparent and studied insult, I addressed you; and hope you will consider the letter referred to, and this, as merely private, and such friendly letters as our former and friendly acquaintance would have, under other circumstances, freely permitted. I still retain possession ; and am doing the business of the Consulate, until advised by the Government of the United States if the appointment of Rhodes wiU be permitted ; he having been reported by Mr. Green, deceased, to the Depart- ment ; and Gen. Green having made the appointment in direct violation of his Consular instructions, without first obtaiuiug his exequatur from this Government. With highest regard and esteem, I remain, Most respectfully, your obedient servant and friend, SxEWAET Newell. [From Major Ira Munson.] New York, 15th October, 1844. Hon. Anson Jones, Sec'y of State : Deae Sie, — If if may not be regarded as an unnecessary encroachment upon your valuable time, I desire to express to you, through this vehicle, my cor-dial and heartfelt congratula- tions upon the occasion of your triumphant success in the Pres- idential contest of 1844. No event could have transpired which would have excited so much joyous pleasure in my breast as your elevation to the Presidency of the most lovely country upon the continent of America, I rejoice in the fact that the tongue of slander has been falsified, and that the * * clique, whose hired minions have circulated the basest calunmies against the able and patriotic Houston, hoping thereby to destroy you through him, have been consigned to the political obscurity which their actions have merited. May your administration be glorious to yourself, and beneficial, as I am sure it will be, to the interests of our beloved and beautiful Texas. I may not omit here to acknowledge the receipt of your kind favor of the 1st of June last, answering my inquiries of a for- Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 389 mer date ; for your prompt attention, and for the feelings you express towards one who could necessarily occupy so little of your thoughts, accept, sir, my lasting gratitude. And may the Supreme Power guide the State under your control to happi- ness and high renown ; and order your name to be enrolled among those dear to fame, and who are justly claimed as the benefactors of mankind. I have the honor to he, sir, with sentiments of high regard, Your faithful friend and obedient servant, Iea MtmsoN. [J'Vom Col. Barnard E. Bee.] Chableston, S. C, Oct. 24th, 1844. Mt deae Sie, — * * ^N * * You are called to the Government of Texas at an interesting moment. I cannot but hope, however, it wUl be less arduous than anticipated. Santa Anna has neither the power nor the inclination to invade us ; indeed, he would have been delighted had we been annexed. That this is our destiny is inevitable. Mr. Clay would carry it out were it only to thwart Mr. Webster, and Mr. Polk is pledged. Whether the one or the other will be successful, is stUl doubtful. Silas Wright writes Gen. Hamilton that they have every thing to hope ; and New York, you know, decides the question. It is thought that, at the last moment, the abo- litionists will abandon their own candidate, and rally upon Mr. Clay. This may elect him ; but all is uncertainty. I haven't heard recently from Dr. Smith. I presume he will remain at Paris, and that you will send Gen. Houston to Eng- land. He would be delighted with that wonderiul country, and make a decided impression there. Mr. Calhoun speaks in warm terms of Mr. Van Zandt. I have never met with him ; he hopes Mr. Donelson will be very acceptable to Texas. I presume he will soon be with you. I am, with great esteem, respectfully yours, Baenaed E. Bee. Hon. Anson Jones. [I should like to oblige Gen. Houston, but cannot trust him so far from home. — A. J.] Digitized by Microsoft® 390 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. [From Col. James Morgan.] New Washinston, 26tli October, 1844. Deae Sie, — ^I beg leave to congratulate you on your success — ^the termination of the Presidential election in your favor. I presume, from, the returns so far seen, that there can be no doubt of such result, and that in December you will mount the throne ! Nothing would give me more pleasure than to be present at the inauguration ; and I may be there, but it is some- what doubtful. It is particularly gratifying to your friends to see with what calmness the Opposition stand up under their defeat ; indeed many appear as good-humored as if the election had terminated differently ! Every thing has settled down into perfect calmness and tranquillity ; and those of the Opposition whom I have heard speak on the subject, do not hesitate to ex- press themselves as of opinion, that you will use your utmost ability for the public good and prosperity of the country. Their courtesy and apparent good feeling has become a subject of remark ; so that you wiU not meet with that hostility from any quarter which your friends at one time anticipated. Dr. Moore, of the Telegraph, has not returned from the North yet, but is daily expected. I will see him on his return, and hope to find that your administration will be sustained by his paper. A hint in your message at a reduction of the tariff will cre- ate a favorable alarm in the United States ; and, in fact, if it should be reduced one half, the revenue would, in my opinion, be much larger for it ; if not, and a loan should have to be re- sorted to, you will find no difiiculty in obtaining one or two millions without going to Europe for it. I speak knowingly on this subject. * * * The last Indian treaty appears to give great satisfaction where I have heard it spoken of, and I hope will do much good ; though these Comanches are said to be a faithless race. With every respect, dear sir, your friend and servant, James Moegan. Hon. Anson Jones. Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTEES, ETC. 391 [From Son. Tlwmas Johnson and Gol. WheelocJc] Wheelock, October 2'7th, 1844. DoCTOE Jones, — Conner and Shaw have passed this place exceedingly angiy with the officers of Government, Houston, and all. They say that the Government has refused to compen- sate them for their services. Now this will never do ; even if their demands ai-e unreasonable, they must be met. They have done immense service. It is exceedingly doubtful whether the project of the pacification of the wUd Indians could ever have been effected without their aid. They are all-important to keep up the friendly relations, and it would be better, rather than offend them, to keep them continually under pay ; at all events, they ought to be paid promptly for their services. If they please they can sow the seeds of discontent among the wild In- dians, and re-enact all the horrors of border warfkre. You, of course, see the thing as it is. We have urged them to return, with a pledge of our influence to see the thing righted. Thomas Johnson, E. L. E. Wheelock. To the Hon. Anson Jones, Secretary of State, Washington. [From Charles, Prince of Solms.] Houston, November 2d, 1844. Deae Sie, — ^I avaU myself of the opportunity of Mr. MiUer's leaving for Washington this morning, to give you the news, — that Mr. Henry Fisher has at last arrived in this country, and that we are now instantly beginning our operations for the re- ception of the four vessels, which I expect from the 18th of No- vember to the 1st December. Mr. Fisher, in whom I found a very quiet and able man, and at the same time a man of great activity, wUl see you at Washington, and request personally the aid and help of the Government for our enterprise. By the last steamer from Galveston I got despatches from home, by which I see that the Association is very anxious about the annexation question, stating, by good sources, that it would be a case of war between the European powers and the United States — as I am sure you, my dear and honored sir, are best Digitized by Microsoft® 392 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. aware of. The Association requested me to write to the Gov- ernment, and especially to you, dear sir, whose favorable dispo- sition and feelings towards the Association I duly reported, to get, as far as it is possible for you to give, a slight notice whether the probability is for the independence of our beautiful Texas ; wliether we may flatter ourselves with the hope of a man with enlightened views, like you, dear Dr. Jones, at the head of the Government, or whether Texas should fall into the condition of a territory of the United States. Now, my dear sir, let me beg you to send me a few lines answer by Mr. Fisher, in order that I may report home good news, and a good prospect for the future. I remain, dear sir, yours sincerely, Charles, Prince of Solms. To Hon. Anson Jones. [JFrom Mr. J. P. Willis.] La Grange, Nov. 8th, 1844. Hon. Anson Jones : Sir, — I was one of your supporters in this county, and from an article that appeared in the last Vindicator, I am induced to believe that should annexation not take place, or peace with Mexico, that the course of your Administration would be to carry war into the enemy's country, and ofler the conquered country to the victors. Knowing that the United States would not allow the direct interposition of any other Government, I conceive a war of aggression would be the true policy of the country. The whole "West would sustain you in an invasion of Mexico, and nothing could or would redound so much to your popularity in Texas as a war against our enemies on the west of the Rio Grande. I hope and trust you will allow no sectional feeling to govern you in this matter, but sustain and avenge properly the rights and independence of your country. Your enemies in the West say that you will be governed by the course dictated by Gen. Houston. I have pronounced all such accusations false ; and should we not be annexed to the United States, or Mexico not immediately recognize our independence, carry "war," as Cato said, "into the enemy's country." "We have no fear of an invasion from Mexico ; but the injury they Digitized by Microsoft® 1844-.] LETTERS, ETC. 393 have inflicted on our citizens should admonish them (the Mexi- cans) that they have every thing to fear from us. We have the ability to avenge our wrongs, and nothing would or could ren- der a President so popular as a war of aggression against our enemy. I hope you will not allow any sectional interest to con- trol you in the administration of the Government, but pave out a course that will render you popular, and redound to the inter- est of the whole country. The people in Texas are all in favor of annexation first, peace with Mexico next, and should nei- ther be accomplished, "war west of the Rio Grande." It is only necessary for the Executive to sanction an invasion of Mexico, and money and men can be procured to any amount to carry out the expedition successfully. I am no miUtary aspirant myself, nor have I any wishes in that way, but a plain farmer of the country, and address you this letter without any acquaint- ance to authorize it, but presuming solely on the fact of being a citizen of Texas. I should say that you open the expedition to the volunteers from the whole world, and no doubt of the numbers being equal to the undertaking, without cost and without price, com- pelling them under all and every circumstance to observe the rules of war, as recognized by the most oiviUzed nations. I prefer annexation, not peace with Mexico ; but should both fail within the next six months, then, I say, carry the war into the enemy's country, and make them feel the potent arm of the Anglo-Saxon. As I remarked before, I hope you will not allow any sectional feelings to influence you in the administration of the Government, but let your acts be for the good of all Texas, and make it a truth that the citizen on the banks of the Sabine and the San Antonio is equally under the safeguard and protec- tion of the First Magistrate of the country. This letter is dictated by a feeling of good-will towards you, and a confldence of a just administration of the Government when under your charge. I have barely had the pleasure of an introduction to you, but hope to become better acquainted with you. Tours respectfully, John P. Willis. Digitized by Microsoft® 394: LETTERS, ETC. [1844. {From Hon. Wm. H. l)aingerfieldi\ Hambtteo, Sth November, 1844. Mt deae Feiejstd, — ^The long and confidently expected intel- ligence of your elevation to the first oflBce in the gift of the people of Tesas, has just reached us. To every friend of the country it has brought joy and confidence. To me the result of the election not only afibrds all the gratification which a pa- triotic heart ought to feel at a success which ensures the steady and successful prosecution of a line of policy eminently calcu- lated to develop the immense resources of a young and glorious republic, but it sets the seal of truth on all that I have confix- dently predicted in my many and various conferences with the authorities of the several States to which I am accredited. If I add to these motives of joy on my part, those of sincere friend- ship and high personal regard towards yourself, which com-, menced with the first day of my knowledge of your character, and has constantly and uninterruptedly increased ever since ; you will have the full measure of the proud satisfaction with which I hailed the intelligence of your being the President elect of Texas. It is not only as being productive of positive and substantial good in the firosecution of an established line of con- duct on the part of the Texan Government, that your election is to be hailed as the happiest and truest omen of future pros- perity, but as an earnest that all ruthless and reckless change will be studiously avoided by one who for the last three years has stood at the hehn of state, guiding, directing, commanding. Your elevation is, to every thinking friend of the country and its institutions, the boon which, with all the fervor of a patriot's prayer, he would have most earnestly sought at the hands of an all-wise and overruling Providence. My residence in Europe, apart from the turmoils and distractions of domestic politics, has enabled me to view with a calm and unprejudiced mind the blessings and the evils of that noble form of government which is made up of repubhcan institutions. Those blessings are in- numerable ; the evils are limited in number, but powerful and, alarming from their intensity : among them aU none stands on so " bad an eminence " as the want of steadiness of purpose and fixed poUcy. Your election guarantees the State, at least for Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 395 the present, against this master evil. But excuse me ; I com- menced this letter -with the intention of pouring out before you all the gratification which, in my inmost heart I feel, at your suc- cess, and I have wandered into a digression, or rather rehearsal of evils, of which no one can be better apprised than yourself, and against which no one will take better precautions. * * * My visit to this city has had for its object the coimteracting of certaia intrigues set on foot by the Mexican representation at this residence, for the purpose of preventing the ratification of the treaty which I concluded at Paris with the Hanseatic towns. Of course I cannot leave here until the matter is brought to a close. As soon as that is done the Belgian nego- tiation will be taken up, and I hope speedily carried through, as every thing tends at present in that quarter to induce the belief that the difficulties which have heretofore existed will be easily removed. In concluding this letter, I must be permitted again to con- gratulate you and the country on your elevation to the Presi- dency, and to express a hope, which I am sure will be fully realized, that your Administration may be full of glorious suc- cess. Accept the assurances of the most distinguished consider- ation, and very sincere friendship, of Yours, most faithfully, Wm. Henkt Daingbefield. To the Hon. Anson Jones, Secretary of State. P. S. * * * As soon as the Mexican Consul-General here found that my treaty would be ratified by the Senates of the Free Cities, he entered a protest, and for a time declined signing manifests for cargoes bound in Hanseatic vessels to Mexico. This was alarming in the extreme to the Hamburgers, who have a large commerce with Mexico. They feared that Santa Anna, who had just been playing such antics with French subjects, might take stiU greater liberties with their cargoes. The Senate became alarmed, the Secretary of State afirighted, — they had gone too far vsdth Texas to be able to go'back, and they were too much afraid of Mexico to have the courage to go fur- ther. I deemed it my duty, while I expressed my contem,pt of the power which could thus buUy an unarmed people, for they Digitized by Microsoft® 396 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. have not a single vessel of war, (the Free Cities,) to concede to tlieir earnestly expressed wishes of patience and temporary quiescence on my part, the promise that it should not be con- sidered as offensive on the part of the Texan Governmentj but that we should amicably and quietly await the lapse of time t6 bring all things to their proper places. Thus you see I am brought foot to foot, and hand to hand with the enemy. But I have every assurance of success. The Germans are a slow, but very /i^-OMc? people ; and as soon as they are fuUy apprised of the extent of the indignity which has thus been offered them, they will resent it. In the mean time the rest of the civUized world consider the gross conduct on the part of Mexico as an- other proof of its barbarity, and as an additional evidence of the danger of entertaining commercial relations with her, or, as I express it, of bartering with the lion for pelts. Your future communications had better be addressed to the care of the Consul-General at London. Believe me, truly yours, Wm. Henet Daingeepield. [From Hon. James JReilly.^ Hamilton, Ohio, November 10th, 1844. Deae Sie, * * * * The papers have afforded me the gratifying intelligence of your election. This is the only item of news I have received from Texas since my departure, as I have been favored with no letter or communication from any one whatever. So far as opinions are to be predicated on rumors and information as regards Mexico in the journals of the United States, I am inclined to the beUef, and very strongly too, that we shall never again be disturbed, but am strong in the hope of either an armistice or speedy recognition. A few days since, when I wrote Gen. Houston and Mr. Shaw, the pros- pects of Mr. Clay were very bright, but now they are much be- clouded. Pennsylvania and Virgiaia have both declared for Polk, and rumor says that New York too. If New York has so done, Polk is elected. My opinion Is that the effect upon Texas will be, in case of the election of Polk, to induce Great Britain to obtain from Mexico the immediate acknowledgment Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 397 of our independence, and thus endeavor to prevent annexation. I must confess, however, that I have but little expectation of annexation at aU, at least for several years, if ever, as parties novr stand. The Whigs, by the election in Ohio, secured a United States Senator. This secures a Whig Senate of 27. As a party, they have and mil oppose annexation ; and although there may be a Loco Foco President, yet annexation could not be carried by joint resolution, much less by treaty. This calcu- lation is based on the supposition that the Whigs will receive no support in their opposition from the Northern Locos. This win not be the case, for if you believe me, the Northern Locos care biit little about Texas ; and I believe, now that the election is over for President, we will be dropped, having served as a hobby. These are my impressions, gathered from observation and conversation. Perhaps they are worth nothing — Nous ver- rons. The prospects of Texas I consider now bright ; and her independence, if she chooses it, indestructible, and look forward every day to the arrival of the news that Mexico has, herself, proposed the establishment of an armistice, or a recognition. Tou wiU be able, during your administration, to say that peace is proclaimed between us and our foes. * * * Tour sincere friend, James Reillt. Hon. Anson Jones. P. S. — One reason why I distrust the sincerity of the Locos in reference to annexation is this : — A short time before the Presidential election, some of the leading journals (Loco) an- nounced that Texas herself had decided against annexation by the election of Jones (anti-annexation) over Burleson (pro-an- nexation), and still keep up the cry. I have told them that no question of the sort was made, but that Jones was elected on his own merits. I take it as declaratory of the intention of the Locos not to attempt the policy. I feel satisfied that Texas will assume a position which will prevent her from being made the plaything of parties, and if negotiation for annexation is again opened, it wiU be under guarantees equivalent to inde- pendence. The Whigs have the Senate, and none of them go out tiU 1847. Ohio will send a Whig also in place of Tappan. Digitized by Microsoft® 398 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. [M-om Stewart NeweU, Esqi] Galteston, November 9th, 1844. Hon. Anson Jones : Mt deae Sie, — Tour esteemed and MgUy appreciated favor of the 1st inst. was received this day, and I assure you no one of your friends, political or social, could feel more pleasure to see you than I, upon your expected visit to Galveston ; and I hope, sincerely, your health will be sufficiently restored to per- mit your friends the pleasure of a hearty welcome to Galveston, the real interests of which, as well as of all Texas, having in your election been secured to both. In my communications to you relative to the course pursued by Gen. Green, I merely intended to give you some idea of his fixture by his present course, and I fear he has arrived with such views of personal interest as may meet a severer disappointment than he anticipated ; and in the short, but rapid course pursued, left him no time to practise that courtesy due as a gentleman if not an officer ; — ^but, as you justly remark, Mr. Calhoun must be the arbiter, and I have addressed him fully on the subject — and, I trust, on the arrival of the " New York " in three days hence, to have some despatches from Washington that will settle the matter, and, in future, prevent such conduct. * * Most respectfully and sincerely your friend and obt. servant, Stewaet Newell. [From Gen: G. W. Terrell.] Galveston, Nov. 12th, 1844. Mt deae Doctoe, — ***** j jj^ye ascertained, since I have been here, that there is an organization going on among the Opposition members elect to play the same game on you that was played on old Sam, to wit :, to pass another re- trenchment bill before your inauguration. Their principal ob- ject is to cut down your salary as President. I am convinced the attempt will be made, and your friends ought to be on the look-out. It was stated to me the other day by one of their leaders (Col. Love), that arrangements were making to defeat Reilly's nomination. JTe said he had heard no objections urged Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 399 to my appointment ; that may pass for -what it is worth. I think our friends ought also to be on the alert. Since my arrival here I have seen in a Havana paper that the old " Prince of Peace," after a banishment of nearly forty years, has returned to the Court of Spain. This, I presume, has been brought about by the interposition of the French Court ; and I think very probable has some reference to Texas, as you are aware that Texas was once ceded to him by Charles rV". It is possible something may be made out of it. Major Donelson, the new Charg6 fi-om the United States, is here. We spent a very agreeable evening together — discussed annexation, and all the other exciting topics of the day. Tou wUl find him a very agreeable and intelligent gentleman ; one with whose plain, unpretending bearing you will be much pleased. Mr. Kennedy has shown me extracts from his despatches to Lord Aberdeen, as far back as May last, in which he spoke of me in terms of high commendation, — ^that, at a time when noth- ing was known or suspected of my going out there, wUl, I hope, at least place me '■'■rectus in curia'''' with his lordship. Pardon me for the use of a Latin phrase, which, I assure you, is very uncommon. You discover that I write not as a Minis- ter, but in the familiar manner of a friend, and this I shall con- tinue to do until I arrive at the Courts to which I am accred- Your friend, G. W. Teeebll. Hon. Anson Jones. [From Son. Ashhel Smithy Paris, Not. 14th, 1844. Mt deae Sie, — I have learned, with the liveliest satisfac- tion, your election to the Presidency. I believe you know my feelings and opinions so well as to be sure of finding in me an active and decided supporter of your administration. It was my strong wish and intention to have reached Texas in time to be present at your inauguration. The absence of Mons. Guizot, who accompanied the King to England, and his indisposition since his return to Paris, have delayed, much against my wHL, my leaving here. I shall set out in a very few days. Digitized by Microsoft® 400 LETTERS, ETC. [1844 Your election has given mucli satisfaction, I know, to the Cabinets of France and England, as the guarantee for the con- tinuation of a pacific course towards Mexico, and of the sound general poHcy which has been pursued under Gen. Houston's admiaistration. They have much confidence in dealing with a Government of which you are the head. I am informed that Mr. Addington, on a recent occasion, expressed these opinions in a marked manner, naming you, and speaking for his own Government. It would be but sheer justice to these Govern- ments to say that, in my opinion, they have not any after- thought or desire in this matter, except for the general interest they have in the maintenance of peace everywhere, and the development of the resources of Texas, with a view to its com- merce, in the benefits of which they wish to participate, in an open and honorable manner, in common with other nations. I am now confidently expecting to set out on my return to Texas in less than fifteen days. To save time, I shall sail by the steamer from Liverpool to Boston, probably by that of the 4th of December. I shall, without accident, soon reach you. Should it be your wish for me hereafter to return to a foreign post, or to take any other situation, I shall be subject to orders, • otherwise I shall go on my plantation. Do not, I beg of you, consider this an indirect way of asking for a place. I shall leave political life without, regret. Besides, I may be unpopu- lar in the country; others of my fellow-citizens may have greater claims, or be better qualified, than myself. You must act in such a way as will best sustain your administration, and promote the interests of the country ; and be assured you may count upon as active and decided support from me, living on my plantation, and with the prospect of ever remaining a pri- vate citizen, as if I were holding office under you. Among my motives for wishing to see you is, that I may present for your consideration and judgment some facts and opinions concerning our relations with European powers, our standing here, and about the foreigners who come among us. This I can do more accurately in conversation than on paper. Congress, in my opinion, should pass no act disavowing our public debt. It should say nothing more about annexation, nor the good offices of foreign powers in mediating between us Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 401 and Mexico, except that we should, in the most becoming manner, express the opinion that we have ceased to look for any results from either of these com-ses of policy. The Treaty of Mediation, negotiated in London by my predecessor at that Court, engaged us in a pohcy which, at best, was useless. Texas had the air of being unable to maintain itself against Mexico, and of suppHcating for foreign aid. But I will not occupy your time, for I believe our opinions on these matters are identical. As I am about to return home, allow me to indulge in a feeling of pride, so fkr as to say, that I leave behind me, at the Courts to which I have been accredited, a reputation for capa- city and conduct of which I am not ashamed. In the success of your administration I feel a pro-found in- terest as connected essentially with the prosperity of the coun- try. I feel a very deep interest in it as connected personally, with yourself, the chief under whose and the " Old Chief's " orders, I have had the honor to serve the country for nearly three years. I feel, too, a very warm interest in it as connected with our private personal relations, independently of any politi- cal considerations. May great prosperity attend your admin- istration and yourself. ***** Very truly yours, Ashbel Smith. Hon. Anson Jones. [M-om Mr. J. H. Winchell.] Milam, Sabine Co., Nov. 16th, 1844. Anson Jones, Esq. : Dbae Sie, — After a long absence, I have, at length, re- turned to my adopted country, not richer, but somewhat older, and I hope wiser than when I left. You will probably recollect when I parted with you at Austin in August, 1840, I was then recruiting for the humbug Federal Army. A few weeks there- after I left for Mexico, and our concern breaking up some short time after my arrival at the Kio Grande, all who chose to re- main in the, country had permission to do so. I, among the rest, availed myself of the opportunity, being actuated by a desire to become better acquainted with the language, manners, customs, &c., of the natives. "With this object I travelled from the Rio Grande to the Pacific (almost), and thence to the Capital, and 26 Digitized by Microsoft® 402 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. SO on to Vera Cruz, — sometimes teaching, sometimes fighting, and other times practising medicine ; noting every thing, and endeavoring to lay up a store of information, which might, at some period or other, he a benefit to me and to Texas. And I truly can say that very few persons who have travelled through that delightful, but unfortunate country, have had as good an opportunity of acquiring the information I sought, as I myself had. I mixed whUe there with all classes, from the palace to the jackal, freely. But here I am talking of myself all the while, when I merely sat down to congratulate an old friend on his being elevated to the highest oflSce in the gift of his fellow- citizens. Doctor, you recollect the toast I gave at Houston, November, 1837? I assure you that the sentiments I then expressed were those of a grateful heart ; and nothing in life has ever given me greater satisfaction than beholding my fond- est anticipations so fuUy verified. And that Texas may flourish under your administration, and that you may be blest with health of body and mind to conduct the ship of State safely through whatever storms, to the haven of prosperity, is the sin- cere desire and hearty prayer of your friend and well-wisher, J. Haevbt Winchell. [confidential.] Ton are aware, irom the present complexion of the United States Senate, that the idea of immediate annexation is not to be entertained, and that at least five years must elapse before that body can have a majority that wUl sanction the measure. This premised, let us consider what is best to be done ad interim for the good of the country. The question itself has distract- ed the Union, from Maine to Louisiana, and will so continue to distract it, widening the breach between the unprincipled, cold-blooded, calculating Abolitionists of the North, and the hot-blooded Southrons, until it wUl ultimately result in the de- struction of that beautiful fabric which our fathers fought so hard and suflTered so much in rearing and sustaining^ and which to perpetuate is the duty of every free-born, patriotic American, {you for one.) And now is the time for the name of Anson Jones to de- scend to posterity in the highest niche of fame. Now is the Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 403 time, the accepted time, for you so to immortalize yourself by a single act, which will benefit, not only your adopted, but also your native country, Mexico, and the world, — and that act may be easily and speedily accomplished. I do assert positively that peace may be easily had with Mexico on the most favorable terms, with but one single exception, and that is the boundary question, which may be easily waived at present, as it would be the height of folly to attempt to enforce it. Let time work that ; and take my word, that Texas will have more western territory freely offered her than she will want, or know what to do with, especially if affairs continue much longer in their present state in Mexico. " I speak by the card." Let time work out that, I say. I know that thi-ee-fourths of northern and eastern Mexico heartily desire ^eace with us. They know it would be to their interest. They long to be friends with Texas. Then we should have their hard money continually flowing in. Then would the excitement be allayed in the United States. Then would all parties rejoice, except perhaps a very few selfish landholders, who think more of a few dirty acres than of the general wel- fare. I have conversed with a great many, both in Louisiana and Texas, and a large portion concur with me that immediate peace with Mexico will be far more beneficial to all interested than the procrastinated question of annexation. But it may be asked, How is this desirable event to be ob- tained ? The question is easily answered. Send two or three discreet commissioners quietly to Mexico direct, and through Gov. Shannon get permission to enter into the necessary pre- liminaries, which he can readUy accomplish, if he possesses half the tact, management, and influence that a diplomatist ought to have. I assert again, as my flrm conviction, founded on what I know of the Dictator's character, and the minds of the people generally, particularly of the officers of the army, with many of whom I was on terms of intimacy whUe there, that peace may be had, almost on our own terms, if the affair be managed discreetly. And in such a case Texas is bound to take a stand, not the lowest, but among the highest nations of the earth. I am aware that some of our short-sighted politi- cians fear greatly the effects of foreign influence at the polls — Digitized by Microsoft® 404: LETTERS, ETC. [1844, nonsense ! There will always be twenty, aye fifty, influential and intelligent American voters to one foreign ; and besides, we know that a majority of the European emigrants will always side with the true Texan or American interest. This has inev- itably been the case in the United States, and will be in our Republic. And so I think, with many, that independent Texas is bound, iu a very few years, to become one of the prettiest Republics (as well, as one of the greatest) the world ever saw. That is my opinion — one which I have freely expressed before some of the highest functionaries in Mexico ; and I hope to see it verified. I am sorry that my limited time and sheet will not, at present, permit me to enter more largely, into my views, as well as to explain, myself more coherently ; and perhaps I ought to make an apology for thus thrusting myself forward unsolicit- ed, to give what might be termed counsel, to one older, with a better and more experienced judgment; but, I pray you, par- don my presumption, which proceeds from a sincere friendship and esteem for yourself, as well as from an earnest desire to see my adopted country flourish under your admiaistration. Yours, with the greatest esteem, J. H. Winchell. P. S. — * * * I did, when I started to come to Texas, intend to proceed westward, but I lost my horse, and have to take it afoot, and when I arrived here my feet were so sore I could proceed no further. I am doing a little business which will keep me two or three months here, and as soon as I con- clude my present little j)rofessional engagement, I shall make a professional tour, teaching the folks to speak the Castihan lan- guage, preparatory to the opening trade with our neighbors — now enemies — ^the other side of the Rio Grande. [M-om Son. G. W. Terrell.] New Oeleans, November 22d, 1844. Mt DBAE DocTOE, — •* * * I have had a long interview with Mr. Saligny ; he has received despatches from his Government on the subject of annexation. She is ready to give the' guaran- tee spoken of by Dr. Smith, provided Texas will pledge herself to hold no further negotiations on the subject of annexation. Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 405 He is awaiting some furtlier instructions, Tvliicli he expects in the course of a week, and he will be over on the " ISTew York " on her next trip, and will come directly to Washington. Mr. Saligny said to me, iii private conversation, what he would not say to the Secretary of State, viz. : that his Government looked upon itself as having been very uncandidly dealt with by ours, and wiU be very cautious m interfering further in our behalf. It is my candid opinion, as I believe I have often expressed it to you, that annexation never will take place. But if it ever could, it is clear that it caimot be done at the approaching ses- sion of the Congress of the United States. The Whigs of the Senate, smarting under the mortification and chagrin of their late terrible defeat, will not vote for it; it being the short session, the State Legislatures cannot instruct them, so as to coerce them into measures. In this state of things, how long are we to remain subject to the whim and caprice — to be taken up, or laid aside — as may suit the party purposes of the Ameri- can Congress ? How long are we to follow this ignis fatuus, this Will-o'-the-wisp conjured up by the distempered brain of ' wild and reckless speculators ? I fear, until it plunges us into the bogs and marshes of confusion and chaos ; and there will leave us to work our own way out, abandoned by all the friends upon whose aid we might have calculated, had we not given them up, to chase this wUd chimera, which I fear will yet lure Texas to her ruin. Had we not better, Jackson-like, take the responsibility at once — give the guarantee, and make a finish of it? Texas, free, independent, prosperous and happy, will ratify the act ; and annexation, as it should, will slumber for- ever in the " torrib of the Capulets." This is, at least, my opinion of the matter. It is really amusing to a Texan, who is not known, to stand in a crowd here, and hear the pohticians, viz., the Whigs, talk of Texas. Sam. Houston is a traitor^his Cabinet no better — and as for the President elect, he is bought in advance by British gold : so the country is gone. I got a fair chance at several of them at one time, and I '■'■raked them some,'''' as the saying is. ****** * Tour friend, sincerely, G. W. Teeebll. Hon. Anson Jones. Digitized by Microsoft® 406 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. [From Dr. George A. iSmith.] Haetfokd, Conn., Nov. 25th, 1844. Mt deae Sie,— * * * The Annexation of Texas to the United States was making a good deal of stir when I first came on ; the Democratic party, as a mass, being in favor of it. From all accounts, it was made a great humbug with them. The Whigs, in their transparencies, had many witty allusions to Texas. I find many strong friends to Texas in this country, although they have very erroneous ideas as regards Texas as a country, and its inhabitants. They appear iacredulous when you tell them the laws are observed and enforced there, as here — ^that there is good order, and as strict an observance of what is right and just, as ia any of the States of the Union ; and that we are not a fightiag, drunken, set of vagabonds, as we have been represented. ***** Tour friend, Geoege A. Smith. Hon. Anson Jones. [From Son. G. IT. Maymondi\ Washington Citt, Nov. 26th, 1844. Dear Jones, — It is now ascertained beyond a doubt that Polk and Dallas are elected President and Vice-President of the United States. This result I have all along anticipated, and I am strongly of opinion that Texas wiU be greatly ad- vantaged by it ; for there cannot be a question that the views of the Democratic party are much more favorable and liberal towards us than those entertained by the Whig party. " An- nexation " is the great measure now before this country. The defeat of Van Buren and Clay is mainly attributable to then- opposition to it. President Tyler wUl bring the subject before Congress in his Message, and will probably advise the passage of a joint resolution, embracing the provisions of the late treaty. This will doubtless meet with opposition from Col. Benton and his clique, and I should not be surprised if a disunion in the ranks of the Democratic party, as to the " modus operandi," should defeat any definite action until after Mr. Polk's inaugur- ation. The chances are largely in favor of the final success of Digitized by Microsoft® 184,4>] LETTERS, ETC. 407 the measure ; but whether it will be carried in a shape accept- able to Texas, remains to be seen. Mr. Calhoun will very likely remain in the Cabinet. There is much ill-feeling existing between him and Col. Benton, as well as a wide difference of opinion in regard to the best mode of accomplishing annexation. So far as the measure would affect slavery, Benton's bill is designed as a sort of compromise be- tween the slave-holding and non slave-holding States. The President's Message, which wUl be sent to Congress about next Wednesday, will develop his and Mr. Calhoun's views on this subject, a copy of which I will immediately forward to your Department. ****** I congratulate you most heartily in your elevation to the highest office within the gift of our people, and hope you may long live to enjoy the honors so justly conferred upon you by those among whom your lot has been cast. * * * Tour friend, and most obedient servant, Chas. H. Ratmoitd. Hon. Anson Jones. [From the Prince of iSolms, JSraunfels.] Galteston, Dec. 3d, 1844. Deae and honoeed Sie, — ^I send you these lines to express to you the regret I feel at not being able to witness your inaugur- ation as President of this Republic ; but my emigrants having just arrived, my presence on the La Bacca Bay is indispensable. I saw Gen. Duff Green, the United States Consul at Galves- ton, to-day, and by our conversation I immediately judged what the intention of his mission here is. He threatens with Mexican invasion, and pushes annexation forward, ll^ow it is my duty to tell you, honored sir, that by my last despatches, re- cently arrived, I am repeatedly told that annexation will and must be a case of war between England and the United States. Gen. Green pushes this country to war with Mexico ; he promises the help of the United States. Then we shall have aU the old thing over again, and a large number of adventurers from the United States, and this country falling back into the old state of uncertainty and poverty. Sir, as well as it is my dnty to repre- sent all this, once more, to your noble mind and reflection, I Digitized by Microsoft® 408 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. tHnk it my duty too, to put myself wholly at your disposition. I wiU, if you think it necessary or profitable, proceed myself to Mexico and see Santa Anna. I cannot prove more my feelings for this country in whose welfare I am so deeply interested. I shall be at WasMngton in the beginning of January, at the latest. If you want me earlier, send me an express to Port La Bacca, where Mr. Ewing will know exactly the spot where I am to be found. With highest regard, dear sir, sincerely yours, Chaeles, Pe^nce oe SoiMS. His Excellency, Anson Jones, &c., &c., &c. P. S. — I reccommend Mr. Fisher, and the modification of his bOI to your kind consideration. [From the Hon. Ghas. S. jRaymondi] Washington, D. C, Dec. IVtli, 1844. Mt dear Sie, — * * * Three diflferent bills for annexa- tion have been introduced into Congress — ^two of them based upon the late treaty — the other is Col. Benton's plan. Members of Congress, and others, are continually making inquiries and seeking information of me relative to Texas, and I am thus kept continually employed. I am frequently asked, what are the present views of our Government in regard to annexation ? I answer, that having been repeatedly repulsed and rejected, we do not feel disposed to place ourselves in a condition to be similarly treated again. That we have not, however, inter- posed any obstacle to the measure, but, on the contrary, avoid- ing all entangling alliances, have kept the question open and free for the action of both countries ; and that when the neces- sary provision for an admission into this Union has been made, then it will be time for our Government to declare its disposi- tion and mark its course. A resolution was passed in the Senate on yesterday, making inquiries of the President relative to the public debt and lands of Texas ; probably I shall be called upon to respond to the inquiries. There is a rumor in the city that the President will soon Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 409 send a war message to Congress advising hostilities against Mexico. I think it not so. Mexican affairs, although attract- ing some attention, appear to produce little excitement. A great calm appears to be upon this country. It is perhaps the relaxation consequent upon the great and nervous political struggle through which this nation has just passed. * * * * Trasting that your administration has opened auspiciously, and will progress successfully, I have the honor to be, most re- spectfully, your faithful friend and very obedient servant, ChAS. H. RATMOTiTD. His Excellency, Anson Jones. [jProni Gen. Sam. Houston.] Grand Cane, 21st Dec, 1844. Mt deae Sie, — On the 19th I had the pleasure to reach home, and found aU well, and gratified that my probation had passed. It was, indeed, a joyous meeting, and strange to say, I find my mind falling back into a channel, where the current flows in domestic peace and quiet, without one care about the affairs of Government, and only intent upon domestic happiness and prosperity. In great part, this arises from the assurance that you wUl administer the affairs of Government with equal ability and capacity with which they have been conducted for the last three years, and I hope you will receive from the Rep- resentatives of the people, a more cordial and honest support than any accorded to me by them, during my administration. That you may not only be successful, but more glorious in your administration than any predecessor, is my ardent wish and desire. As a citizen, I will not only be gratified, but a bene- ficiary of the result, should I Uve to witness it, and if not, I hope my posterity, and those endeared to me, will enjoy the grati- fication. Many were the kind and respectful inquiries made for you, and it afforded me the greatest pleasure to respond to them. If 1 can judge of any thing rightly, my opinion is, that you wUl derive from the people the warmest support and confidence. With this, you will, I trust, be enabled to advance our country at least one quarter of a century in' three years, to what it would have been had your successor been taken from his " colt train- Digitized by Microsoft® 410 LETTERS, ETC. [1844 ing." What a pity that would have been! I hope, for my country's honor, such an act of cruelty will never be inflicted upon poor " Ned." It is possible that I may be at Washington during the ses- sion of Congress, and will enjoy the pleasure of seeing yourself and the dignitaries of the nation again. An incident occurred as I came home, which I must teU you, and the cause of it. Capt. Black asked me " if you were going to appoint Pierpont Collector of Galveston." I told him I had never heard a sug- gestion of the kind. He replied that he knqw Pierpont to be dishonest. I promised to say this, and it is done. Had I so- licited the continuance of any officer in the Republic, it would have been Major Cocke. This I would have done with regard to his own merit and qualifications, as well as a desire for your success. The revenue arising from Galveston is the source and stream of the Treasury ; without this, the Government cannot be supported. I solicit you to hold on to Major Cocke. Take my word for it I wiU not annoy you with applications. Money matters gave me more trouble in my administration than aU others. With them right, you can have no trouble of serious character. ******* Please write to me by Houston, to the care of Capt. SneU, and he will send by some private conveyance. Salute Col. Anderson, your Cabinet, and particular friends. Thine, truly, Sam. Houston. His Excellency, Amson Jones. P. S. — I thank you for the company of Col. Payne, as it affords me an opportunity to write directly. I commend him to you, as he is truly your friend and admirer. I hope it may suit you to promote his interest. Thine, truly, Hotjston. {From Ammon Underwood, Esq^ Columbia, Dec. 23d, 1844. His Excellency, AffsoN Jones, President of tlie Republic of Texas : Deae Sie, — ^We had a mass meeting at Brazoria on Satur- day. Resolutions, not such as I approved, were passed. Being Digitized by Microsoft® 1844.] LETTERS, ETC. 4,11 on the Committee of thirty to draft them, I done all in my power to change the ohjectionahle portions of them. The meeting was a large one, for this county — heing fully 200 persons present. It was often and repeatedly asserted that you and Gen. Houston are, and long have been, opposed to annexation. This I as often and repeatedly contradicted ; re- ferring to your sentiments, often publicly, as well as privately expressed. They are not disposed to believe your words, or acts, if plain as demonstration can make them; but, my dear sir, the splendid results of annexation, which there is high hope among your friends here your admuiistration wUl speedily achieve, will conftite all their slanderous falsehoods ; and they will stand self-convicted of having been governed by little- minded prejudice. I feel convinced that your own discrimination, your own knowledge of the people, as well as their future happiness and the glory of the achievement, wiU secure aU your eminent abilities and energies in its favor. So that, if this great end is possible to be obtained, it will be arrived at. If deemed impossible to attain this great end, no opposite course could be taken without producing great dissatisfaction throughout the country, until sufficient time elajDses to convince the nation that annexation is without hope. I hope you will not deem it presumptuous in me for thus having presumed to address you in this hasty manner, as I will assure you, that the honor and success of your administration is what I most heartily and earnestly desire. ***** Truly your ffiend, and obt. svt., A. Undbewood. [From the Son. Ashbel Smith.l December 24th, 1844. Mt deae Snt, — I reached Boston three days since in the " Acadia," from Liverpool. After resting some three or four days longer, to recover from the effects of the sea voyage, which was very tempestuous, I shall continue my route for Texas, where I hope speedily to present myself to you.' My former letters, private and official, have been so full, that not much remains to be said, except to allude to my last Digitized by Microsoft® 412 LETTERS, ETC. [1844. interview with Lord Aberdeen, on the first inst., reserving a detailed account of it until my arrival in Texas. I will first mention, that latterly M. Guizot seemed less ready than formerly to take any decisive course in relation to our afiairs, being im- pressed, as I beheve, by Mr. King, American Minister at Paris, with the apprehension that such a course would give umbrage to the American Government. Lord Aberdeen, on the other hand, although he wiU do nothing that can justly give ofience to the United States, is still decided to take such measures as wiU bring about peace between Texas and Mexico, provided we will give satisfactory assurances of our determination to re- main independent. Lord Aberdeen expressed himself in clear and decided terms; and intimated that, for reasons he then mentioned, the French Government would act in concert with the British Government. I believe the delay has been occa- sioned partly by the chariness of France, and for the purpose of learning the result of the recent elections ia our country. He will now act promptly. He requested me to communicate fully with Capt. ElUot, to whom, he added, he would transmit instructions and powers. Lord Aberdeen said the British Government had enjoined on Mexico in the most earnest and explicit terms, to abstain from any attempt to invade Texas, and they had assured that country they would afford it no aid or countenance at all, in case of such attempted invasion, whatever might be its result or conse- quences. Li the course of the conversation Lord Aberdeen expressed great and entire confidence in your administration. In the expectation of soon presenting my regards to you in person, I remain, very truly and sincerely yours, AsHBKL Smtth. His Excellency, Anson Jones, President of Texas. l^M'om the, Officers of Government^ Washington, Dec. 30th, 1844. To his Excellency, Anson Joira:s, President, &c., &c. The undersigned, officers of the Government, understand that Gen. Duff Green, United States Consul for the port of Gal- Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 413 yeston, has grossly insulted your Excellency, the President of this Republic, by threats that should you, as Executive, .not sign and approve certain bills which he already had, or intended to introduce into Congress, he would call a convention of the people and revolutionize the country. We accordingly respectfully demand th&t the Hon. Secretary of State be instructed forthwith to issue to the aforesaid Gen. Duff Green a passport out of the hmits of the Republic, allow- ing him the time necessary to carry the same into effect. Ebk. ALLEif, AW^/ Gen. and Secretary of State ad interim. M. C. Hamilton, Acting Secretary of War and Marine. Jaues B. Shaw, Acting Secretary of Treasury. Chaeles Mason, Auditor. James B. Shaw, Comptroller. Moses Johnson, Treasurer. Dan. J. Toi^EE, Bureau Gen. Post- Office. Thomas Westeen, Superintendent of Indian Affairs. [M-om Son. Charles jEUiot.'] Galveston, Jan. 14th, 1845. Mt Deae Sie, — This letter will be handed to you by my worthy friend, the Rev. Mr. Eaton, for whom I will claim your kindness and assistance, which I do the more readily, because I can assure you that every facUity you can give him will be good service to the Republic and its unborn generations. He is anx- ious to speak to you about the means of helping education, and I know how willingly you will hear him, and help him, if you can. I see by the papers that Gen. Green is singing another verse to the old tune of British influence. Till I read his letter, I was not quite sure of his position here, but he has made it mani- fest, and therefore I owe him thanks. He speaks of his ex- pectation " to encounter the combined influence of the British Minister, and the President of Texas, acting in concert for the purpose of defeating the wishes of a majority of the people of Texas and the United States ; " and again, " I am aware of the powerful odds against me, but I am not dismayed." It is plain, in short, that he has some official mission behind Major Donel- Digitized by Microsoft® 414 LETTERS, ETC. [1845, son's chair, which I do not believe you knew of till this confes- sion. I wish you could have acceded to my wish, and lefb him. just where he was. If he and Mr. Calhoun do not blow up annexation, it is fire-proof, that's all. All accounts from the United States agree in representing the scheme as dished for the present. I do wish that the two Houses of Congress would pass becoming resolutions, and lower the tariff down to 10 per cent, ad valorem from the 1st of January, 1846. That course would settle the whole question without further difficulty. In haste, to save Mr. Eaton's time, beheve me, my dear sir, very siacerely yours, Chaeles Elliot. Hia Excellency, Anson Jones. \Endorsement. — ^I thiak it was not Gen. Duff Green's wish to defeat annexation. He vnshed, however, to make vast specular tion out of it, and if I had acceded to his wishes, it very proba- bly would have resulted in great danger, if not defeat to the measure, I therefore did well not to leave him at his post " be- hind Major Donelson's chair."— 'A. J.] \Prom Son. A. J. Donelson^ Washington, Texas, Jan. 21at, 1845. Deae Sie, — On the annexed sheet I send you the memo- randum referred to ia Gen. Houston's letter to Mr. Miller. The only use I have made of it is to suggest confidentially to Mr. Calhoun that the provisions it embraces ought to be inserted in the bUl annexing Texas to the United States. I am very respectfully your obedient servant, A. J. DONELSON. His Excellency, Anson Jones, President of Texas. [Memorandum above referred to.] Gonfidential. — ^PuU community of interests. A territory. Assumption of national debt, or not. If not assumed, we to retain our public domain. Texas hereafter to comprise as many States as the United States may think proper. Digitized by Microsoft® 1846.] LETTERS, ETC. 415 In running the line between the United States and Texas, where lands fall into the United States by misapprehension of claimants in their locations, that they are to bo reimbursed upon the same principles of equity, that citizens of the United States felling into Texas were reimbursed by the latter. Public debt not to exceed 10,000,000. PubUc liabilities to be redeemed at the price at which they were issued'. Kthe above points should be set forth, and guarded specially in the joint resolution to be passed by the Congress of the United States in the bill for the annexation of Texas, I have no doubt that it would add greatly to the satisfaction of the people of Texas, and secure their ratification of it. (Signed) Samuel Houston-. Washington, Texas, Dec. 13th, 1844. [From the Son. G. W. Terrell.] London, January 21st, 1845. Mt dbae Doctoe, — I have been in London now nine days — had a most tedious voyage of more than forty days from New Orleans to Liverpool, and consequently was later arriving here than I calculated on being. I should have written earlier, only that I was unable until yesterday to obtaLu an audience of the Earl of Aberdeen. The reason was that the Queen was making a round of visits amongst the nobility previous to the meeting of Parliament, and the most of her Cabiaet ministers (the Earl of the number) being with her. On my arrival I had addressed a note to the Earl of Aber- deen, which I presume he did not receive until his return to town on Saturday evening ; his lordship immediately sent me a note, appointing 4 o'clock on yesterday (Monday) for my re- ception at the Foreign Office. For the particulars of my inter- view with his lordship, I beg to refer you to my despatch of this date to the Department of State ; it is addressed to Dr. Smith, as I suppose, of course, he fiUs that department. I was certainly received as the representative of Texas with great kindness. The Earl continued to converse with great freedom, and, as I believe, with much frankness, about Texas, the Digitized by Microsoft® 416 LETTERS, ETC. [1845. country, her institutions, the character of the people, yourself, Gen. Houston, &c., &o., uatU I rose to leave him, fearing that I might be trespassing upon his time, as there were several others in waiting to see him. He then gave me a general invitation to call at any time when I could make it convenient, that he would be glad to see me, &c. I made the acquaintance of the Austrian Ambassador rather singularly m the ante-room of the Earl's office ; he immediately entered into conversation with me, (speaking good English,) on the affairs of Texas, and ap- peared to have some solicitude on the subject of annexation. I discover very plainly this is a very engrossing subject here. The Government evidently feel great solicitude as to its result, and are prepared to go any length to prevent the consummation of the measure. Ton wUl see from my despatch what they propose to do ; and if Texas is not blind to her own interest she may, within the next three years — yes, my dear Doctor, during your present term of service, she may become one of the most pros- perous little communities on the face of the globe. I pray Heaven in its mercy, and our rulers in their wisdom, to avert the evil of annexation, with all its concomitant dire calamities, insignificance, degradation, oblivion and annihilation, which must follow in its train. I am very anxious to see your inaugural address, together with both the messages and Old Sam's valedictory, none of which have as yet reached us. Texas is the subject of very general conversation here in all cu-cles, and it is astonishing to discover the information they appear to possess — I mean the body of the people — with regard to the country. Until I was received at the Foreign Office, it was not known that I was in the city ; during that time I walked about a good deal, and frequented the hotels and coffee- houses, and in all companies, — ^Texas, the beautiful country, her fine soil, climate, &c., were the subject of conversation. I was very kindly received by Mr, Everett, (the American JVIinister,) who immediately offered me his services in any man- ner in which he could be useful to me. Mr. Rate showed me a letter a few evenings since from Col. Daingerfield, in which he seems to express the apprehension that he has, by some means, fallen into disfavor at home. I im- Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 41Y mediately wrote him that nothing of the kiud existed when I left Texas, and I supposed he must have been misinformed on the subject. I understand that he has been laboring under many difficulties in the management of his negotiations, thrown in his way by the Mexican Minister at the Hague and at Ham- burg ; but that he has fought the diplomatic battle through manfully, and his effi^rts are likely to be crowned with complete success. I find no archives here belonging to the legation. I presume Dr. Smith left them all with the Consul at Paris, whither I set out in two or three days, and whence you shall hear from me again shortly. With very great regard, yours sincerely, G. W. Teeeell. Hia Excellency, A. Jones. [^From Son. C. S. Haymond.] Washington, D. C, January 1st, 1845. Deae Jones, * * * * The Diplomatic Corps waited on the President this morning at the " White House." He says he looks forward with pleasure to the time when he will be re- lieved from the arduous and harassing duties of his office. He has had much opposition and many difficulties to encounter, and yet no President has closed his term with the affairs of the nation in a more prospering condition than they are at this moment. Congress has done nothing of importance since Christmas. The annexation question will be on the carpet next week, and win doubtless create considerable interest and give rise to a very exciting debate. What it will result in it is impossible to tell at this time. Almost every member has a different plan to accomplish the same object ; and unless they make a compro- mise of their views and wishes, nothing will be done this session towards settling the question. * * * * With the highest respect and esteem, I have the honor to be, truly, your friend and obedient servant, Chaeles H. Raymond. His Excellency, Anson Jones. 21 Digitized by Microsoft® 4,18 LETTEKS, ETC. [1845. [From Son. A. J. I>onelson.] Houston, January 23d, 1845, (Friday.) Deae Sie, — I reached here by slow stages, a good deal im- proved by the exercise, but still greatly enfeebled by the effects of the attack at Washington. The mail from the United States brought nothing definite on the subject of annexation. Resolutions in favor of the measure have passed the Louisiana Legislature with great unanimity, and also that of New Hampshire and Missouri. Mr. NUes, from Connecticut, has submitted a bill in the Senate ; and Mr. Tibbatts from Kentucky, and Mr. Dromgoole from Virginia, have each a project in the House. Out of all this variety of plan to give effect to the recent decision of the people of the United States, my opinion is that some form of action will be agreed on that wiU be acceptable to the majority ; or if it faUs, it will be for such causes as can be obviated by the newly elected President. I will write you from N"ew Orleans, where I shall, doubtless, obtain fuller information on the subject. In the mean time I shall state confidentially to Mr. Calhoun that you will remain in statu quo, ready to act according to circumstances as the Executive of Texas, and give to your citizens an early oppor- tunity of deciding upon whatever plan may be adopted by the Congress of the United States. I send you one or two newspapers, which, after reading, please hand to Mr. Miller, who may not have the information they contain. In the letters to me from my Government is one authorizing my absence for the purpose of attending to my business at home, whenever I think the business of the legation will not suffer. ******* Very truly and sincerely your obliged servant, A. J. DoNELsosr. His Excellency, A. Jones, President of Texas. [From Son. Wm. M. Gwm.\ January 25th, 1845. Mt deae Sie, — Milton Brown's Texas resolutions have just passed the House of Representatives by from fifteen to twenty Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 419 majority, and I consider their adoption by the Senate as certain. This is glory enough for one day. No one doubts here now but that Texas will be annexed this session. A majority of the Northern Democrats voted against, and a majority of Southern Whigs for the resolutions. Yours sincerely, W. M. Gwm. [M-om Son. O. W. Terrell.] City op London, Feb. 2d, 1845. Mt deae Doctoe, * * * * Since I last wrote you I have had two interviews with the Earl of Aberdeen, the par- ticulars of one of which I have communicated to the State De- partment in despatch No. 2, to which I respectfully refer you. The third time I met the Earl nothing material occurred more than I have stated in the despatch to which I have alluded, except that Sir Robert Peel, who was present, entered with much apparent earnestness into the affairs of Texas ; and in al- lusion to the clamor raised in the United States about the am- bitious designs of England in regard to Texas, he said, your Government may rest entirely quiet on that subject, for instead of wishing to acquire more territory and colonies, we have sev- eral now that we would be very glad to get rid of, if we could do so upon fair terms. To which I replied — that it would doubtless be better for her Majesty's Government if they could get quit of the burdens of the governments of their colonies, and retain their trade, as they must be a heavy tax upon the national treasury. He said such was the fact, and those were the reasons why the British Government would not wish to colonize Texas, even if they had their option in the matter ; all that they vranted was a liberal trade with Texas, and this upon the broad basis of reciprocity between nation and nation. This being a private conversation between the Premier and myself, I did not think it proper to embrace it in a despatch to the State Department. You are of course at liberty to make any use of it you may think proper. In the course of the conversation I remarked jestingly to Sir Robert, that if Great Britain had Texas, she would be very soon glad to get rid of her, for she would find her as trouble- Digitized by Microsoft® 420 LETTEES, ETC. [1845. some a possession as the Irisliman did the Tartar he had caught. At this he laughed heartily, for he is a man of great good humor, and said he understood we were rather a restless set, and rough hands to deal with. I have been present at two diplomatic dinners, — one given by the Earl of Aberdeen, the other by Mr. Everett. Upon both occasions I was treated with at least as much attention as I de- served, and certainly with more than I would have had a right to require. At Mr. Everett's I was invited to the exclusion of several Ministers from States of much more importance than Texas, his rooms being small. This gentleman has shown me great kindness ever since my arrival, as he had done my prede cessor, of whom he speaks in very high terms. All these things, in regard to myself, I attribute to the fact that Texas occupies at present a very interesting position in the view of other na- tions, and what has given her, perhaps, a factitious importance at this particular juncture. I have seen nothing from home since I left, until two days since Mr. Rate put into my hands the two first numbers of Mil- ler's paper, in which are contained some of the proceedings of Congress, the old hero's valedictory, your inaugural, Anderson's, &c., &c. Nothing of the kind could have pleased me better than the valedictory and inaugural. The tone of both on the subject of annexation, under existing circumstances, is just what it should be. I said to the Earl of Aberdeen (whom I have seen since) that I had no longer any apprehension that the rest- less spirit of our impatient Congress would hurry them into any imprudent action on this subject during their present session, which I had previously told him I much feared, and which I had given him as one of the reasons which influenced my Govern- ment in desiring that negotiations should be transferred to Texas. ******* Very sincerely yours, G. W. Tbeeell. His Excellency, A. Jones. p g_ * * * * jf t}jg great bone on the Nueces, of which the Lipan and Tonkewa Indians give an account, could be sent over, and some of those found on the lower Brazos, they would be prized very highly. * * * * Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 421 [I'h'om Hon. James JReilly.] HonsTON, Feb. 2d, 1845. Deae Sie, — I have the honor to inform you of ray arrival at this place, having awaited letters from the Government at Lex- ington for near two months. Receiving none, I started for Or- leans, expecting to hear something definite there. However, at Lexington and New Orleans I received assurances of my rejec- tion. Having received no funds, I resolved to come and die decently at home. So here I am, with my diplomatic head clean off. I have, however, met my fate very quietly, and with be- coming grace, — I having nothing to say of the false grounds upon which the action of the Senate was based. The matter is over, and I am quite well over it. AU I can say about annexation is simply this. It is very much like the Millerite doctrine of the end of the world. It may be to-day — it may be next session — ^it may not be until the saints of the present day are dead, and the heart sick with hope deferred. The chances brightened after the introduction of Foster's bill from Tennessee. We shall soon learn, as Weller one of the movers of resolutions for annexation, keeps me ad vised. I got a letter from him at Orleans, of January 16th He spoke with great certainty of success. He wiU write me, and I win let you know. He was to inform me as soon as the Democrats had met in caucus, and determined upon the plan whether to adopt one of the numerous propositions now before Congress, or adopt some other plan. ***** Yours truly, . James Rbillt. His Excellency, Anson Jones. [JFrom Son. Wm. G. Cooke.} Washington, 5th Feb., 1845. To his Excellency, Anson Jones : Mt deae Sie, — It is the desire of nearly all the citizens of Travis county, and a large number in Bastrop, that Alex. Cole- man should be appointed to the command of the troops for the protection of that portion of the frontier. I have known Cole-" man for several years ; for the last two he has been attached to Hay's command, and that officer will unite with me in saying Digitized by Microsoft® i22 LETTERS, ETC. [1843. that he never had a better soldier under his command. He is well acquainted with the frontier — is popular, bold, and ener- getic ; and is possessed of good education, which is seldom met with in our frontier commanders. His appointment, I am weU convinced, would give general satisfaction to the citizens of Travis and Bastrop. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient ser- vant, Wm. G. Cooke. \Froni James S. Oocke, Esql\ CnSTOM-HousE, Galteston, loth Feb., 1845. His Excellency, Anson Jones : Deae Sie, — * * * The last of your Exchequers have been sold at par, and which includes all, except those sold by McKnight and Klainer over a year past. Truly your friend, James H. Cocke. {^Endorsement. — 1846. The Government currency attained a par with specie about this time, and so contiaued till the close of my term of office. — ^A. J.] {From the Son. G. W. Terrell.] Paris, February 13th, 1845. Mt deae Doctoe, — I arrived here last night, after a jour- ney of four days from London. I have not yet seen Mr, Gui- zot. I have addressed him a note, and expect a reply ia the course of the day. In the mean time I have concluded to bring up my London correspondence, which is slightly in arrear. The evening before I left that city I called upon the Earl of Aberdeen, for the purpose of opening to him the subject of a reduction, by treaty, of the duties on articles of commerce of Texan growth or production. I had scarcely taken my seait in his office before I discovered, both from his looks and manner, that something had gone wrong since I had seen him last. In each of my previous iaterviews with him, (which had been three,) he had been very cordial ; his communications frank and free, and indeed I thought he had treated me with rather marked attention ; now he was evidently distant and reserved Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. ' 423 in his manner, — to account for which I was wholly at fault. I determined, however, to enter at once upon my business, con- cluding that that would most probably bring his lordship out, as it soon did so. Upon my proposing some modifications in the existing treaty between the two countries, with a view to the object mentioned, he replied, with, I thought, rather a sar- castic sneei-, — " It would be an awkward business to go to making new treaties with a nation that had been for some time endeavoring to subvert the one already existing, and which is, even now, probably on the point of consummating that policy that will abrogate the treaty entirely ; for," said he, " I have just been informed, — ^I do not know that my information is correct, but the gentleman from whom it comes has good op- portunities of knowing, — that your new President, Mr. Jones, is secretly in favor of annexation, and is doing aU he can pri- vately to forward the measure, while the Texas newspapers are holding out to the world that he is opposed to it. This is something I do not understand." Here then was the secret out ; he had been informed, &c. I felt the force of the first part of his lordship's remarks rather sensibly, — the latter aroused a little feeling ; but being of opinion that it is not good policy in diplomacy to manifest temper on any occasion, I replied mildly, but with firmness of manner, that it was true Texas had attempted a measure that, if carried out, would make void the treaty between her- self and England ; but that she found her justification in the cu-cumstances in which she was placed, (which circumstances I had explained to his lordship in a previous interview,) that our Government, both theoretically and practically, was emphati- cally the Government of the people ; hence even her rulers could not at all times act upon their own convictions of na- tional policy. As to his information in regard to the sentiments and to the conduct of our new President, I could assure his lordship, from my own knowledge of the facts, that it was in- correct on both points ; that, as a general rule, it was unsafe to place implicit reliance upon the statements of American news- papers, it being too often the fact that they were made to effect some particular object, with more regard to the probability of subserving party purposes than the truth of the statements Digitized by Microsoft® 424 LETTERS, ETC. [1845. themselves ; and that that was precisely the case in this in- stance. It was a fact, well known throughout Texas, that Dr. Jones was decidedly in favor of annexation ; that as Secretary of State he had labored faithfully to accomplish the measure, as had all the members of the then Administration, except my- self; that, notwithstanding this was the fact, when Dr. Jones's name was placed before the people as a candidate for the Pres- idency, the opposition press, knowing that a very large major- ity of the people of the Republic were in favor of annexation, labored to produce the impression that he was opposed to that measure ; that he was in favor of what was denounced as Brit- ish influence, and even of the abolition of slavery, and all this to defeat his election. This was the manner in which this state- ment obtained currency, for it had never been made by a sin- gle paper in the confidence of the Government, but, on the contrary, had often been contradicted by the organs of the Ad- ministration. Although such was the fact, and such had been the course of the President of Texas, yet, I could assure him that he was not doing any thing at present, either openly or se- cretly, to favor annexation. That I had the honor to enjoy the confidence of the President ; we had served together in the Cabinet of the late Administration for the past three years ; that during all that time a cordial intimacy and the most unreserved interchange of sentiments had subsisted between us ; and that I knew, from the time of the rejection of the treaty of annexa- tion by the Senate of the United States, he had concluded Texas must work out her own independence ; but he hoped for the co-operation of England, Prance, and the United States. I could not say to his lordship, however, that if any of the prop- ositions now pending before the American Congress should be carried, and the door be thus thrown open, that Texas would not go into the Union. All I could do was to assure him that she was not, at present, taking any action whatever on the sub- ject, &c. The Earl asked me whether I was sent upon my present mis- sion by Gen. Houston, or Mr. Jones ? To which I rephed, I was sent by both. Gen. H. was President, and of course appointed me, but that it met the hearty concurrence of the Secretary of State, and I believed, indeed, he had suggested the appoint- Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 425 ment to the President. He then remarked, " It does not look like either of them was very anxious for annexation, or they ■would hardly have sent you here ; but he could not see any thing in the inaugural address of the new President on the subject ; he had read Gen. Houston's valedictory, and liked it much." I said to him he might take that as proof that the present President was not engaged in any schemes for the con- summation of annexation ; if he had been he would have been certain to have mentioned the fact, as it would have pleased both the people and the Congress very much to have heard that such measures were in progress. I further stated to him that the object, at present, of both the late and present Presidents, was to keep down excitement on the subject ; to lead the peo- ple to believe they were to rely upon themselves ; to keep the present Congress from being hurried into any imprudent action on the subject ; that if both the Texan and United States Con- gresses adjourned without doing any thing with the matter, we could in the mean time, before they would assemble again, carry out the measures now in progress in this country ; that if our people saw a certain prospect of the recognition of our inde- pendence by Mexico without further molestation, there was a strong probability they might declare in favor of a separate na- tional Government. That my opinion was that both Gen. Hous- ton and the present President would contribute all in their power to produce this result. The Earl appeared to be satisfied with these statements and opinions. He became cheerful, free, and communicative as usual, and conversed freely for a long time. It occurred to me that it might be a favorable time to renew the subject of the modification of the treaty ; and I did so, as an auxiliary means of defeating annexation. I remarked to his lordship that I could not, of course, ask him to enter upon ne- gotiations at present for the alteration of the present treaty be- tween the two countries ; but if I were authorized to give my Government any assurance that that of her Majesty would con- sent to a reduction of duties upon articles of Texan growth or production, I thought that fact being made known, and espe- cially when coupled with the prospect of a speedy adjustment of our difficulties with Mexico, would exert a very salutary in- fluence on the question of annexation in Texas, and a good -deal Digitized by Microsoft® 426 LETTERS, ETC. [1846. more to the same purport. His lordship seemed then quite dis- posed to entertain the proposition, but said it was a subject which pertained properly to the Board of Trade, the President of which is a member of the Cabinet. He could, however, give me this assurance, that he himself, and indeed all the members of her Majesty's Government, were in favor of granting the most liberal terms for the encouragement of trade and commerce ; that it was more than probable that some important alterations, for the benefit of commerce, would be made in their existing tariff during the present session of Parliament ; that as to Texas, they would extend to her all the advantages they could do con- sistent with their obligations by treaty with other nations ; that they really felt much interest in the welfare of Texas ; that he himself had labored much to procure the recognition of her in- dependence from Mexico, and he had every reason to believe it could now be aceomphshed, if Texas herself did not throw, away the boon that was offered her. If she did so, it was her own business, however ; to be sure, it would perhaps be a cause of war, if either England or France, with whom she had entered into solemn treaty engagements, chose to make it so. Upon this point, however, he had nothing to say. To this I rephed that it was a case not provided for in the books, — there being no precedent for it in the history of civilized nations : the law of nations was silent upon the subject. A good deal of other conversation occurred, the purport of which I shaU embody in a despatch to the State Department ; that which I have here given having a more direct reference to yourself, I thought it not proper that it should be spread upon the records of the Department, but more appropriate to be ad- dressed directly to you, that you could then make what use you thought best of it. There are many things which neces- sarily occur in negotiation, which, for obvious reasons, it would be unsafe (especially in our country) to be spread upon the pub- lic records — at aU times subject to the call of our restless Con- gress — ^to the inspection of subsequent administrations, &c., but which are, nevertheless, very useful to the present officers, and who should therefore know them. For these reasons I have adopted the plan of transmitting to the State Department such facts and circumstances only as are strictly of a public character, Digitized by Mfcrosoft® 1846.] LETTERS, ETC. 427 and all other matters that I deem of a useful nature, I shall ad- dress directly to the Executive. This plan I shall continue, un- less disapproved by yourself and the Secretary of State. I felt myself not only justified, hut called upon by the cir- cumstances of the case, to make the communications above de- tailed to the Earl of Aberdeen ; if in doing so, I have in any particular done injustice to your sentiments or opinions, please let me know it, and I will take the earliest opportunity to cor- rect the error. There was one part of the Earl's conversation — which I shall detail to the State Department — which I think might do good to be made known, and which I am very sure he would not object to, viz., on the subject of the ambitious designs of Eng- land in regard to Texas, her interference ia our domestic in- stitutions, &c. The reason I have for thinking his lordship would not object to their publication is, that he said to me he would like for the Government of Texas to make it known officially to the United States, that the Governments of Eng- land and France would act in concert throughout on the subject of the independence of Texas. And now, my dear sir, let me impress upon you the impor- tant necessity of taking this matter into your most serious con- sideration. I am full of the conviction, that in it are involved the vital interests of Texas. Our affairs have reached a crisis in this country. Our friends (and they are really such) on this side of the water will not be tampered with any longer. The Earl of Aberdeen said to me that Gen. Houston had done her Majesty's Government no more than justice when he said the late negotiations for annexation had not abated their friendship for Texas — but, said he, if these negotiations are to be con- tinued, it would be useless for them to continue their exertions in behalf of a people who refuse to profit by them. From all that transpired at this interview — and I judge it even more from his lordship's manner than from his lan- guage — I am firmly convinced that should negotiations for an- nexation be again opened, we will certainly lose the friendship of England, and in all probability, that of France also, for they win act in concert throughout upon this subject. A great deal of correspondence has passed between the two Cabinets in re- Digitized by Microsoft® 428 LETTEES, ETC. [1845. lation to the matter; the result of the whole of which has been an agreement to act in conjunction, both here and in America, in whatever they do in the premises. In such an event, there- fore, these two nations would cut loose our little bark, and let her drift whithersoever the winds and waves of adverse for- tune may drive her. On the contrary, if we will only hold on to independence (for that is all they ask or wish), she will re- main safely moored behind this mighty rock — against whose base the political tempests of all Christendom in commotion may fiercely drive. She is moored in a smooth harbor, and will ride out the storm. I called this forenoon on Mr. King, the American Minister, (an old acquaintance,) and spent half an hour with him. He was very cordial, and expressed great gratification at seeing me here, but he has annexation much at heart. He advised me to take the earliest proper occasion with the King to deprecate any concert of action in regard to Texas, on the part of the Gov- ernments of France and Great Britain ; that after I should be presented, he and I would just drop in to see his Majesty, some evening, when I could introduce the subject casually, and give his Majesty the opinion that it would be detrimental to the interests of Texas. And the reason he gave for the advice was his great friendship for Texas. Such a course on the part of these two Governments, he said, would look like a combina- tion on the part of the European powers to interfere in the political concerns of America ; and would probably lose us the friendship of the United States. Now, I am well aware I am a mere novice in diplomacy, but, green as I am, I cannot be entrapped with such chafi' as this — the design is too shallow not to be seen through. I am very sure that the sole object the Government of the United States had in view in publishing the late letters of Mr. King and Mr. Calhoun, was to produce upon the public mind, both in the United States and in Texas, the im- pression that there was a difierence of opinion between the two Governments on the subject, and that, consequently, there woidd be no joint action taken by them upon it ; and this for the ob- vious reason that if it were known that France went the whole length with England, it would deprive the demagogues ' of America of their most potent argument with which to keep up Digitized by Microsoft® 184B.] LETTERS, ETC. 429 the excitement there, viz., tlie selfish and ambitious designs of Great Britain in regard to Texas. I waived the matter for tlie time, but should he renew it, as he most likely will, since he proposes to accompany me, (I suppose, to be sure it is done,) I shall simply say to him, that my Government takes a dif- ferent view of the subject, and therefore I cannot act upon his advice. But this great friendship for Texas! The friendship of the lion for the lamb. Look at all the arguments of her statesmen and letter writers on the subject — from the venerable sage of the Hermitage, (God save his soul !) down to Felix Houston — ^is there one single argument in favor of Texas to be found in all of them? According to these gentlemen, Texas is to stand as an outpost to the great Union ; she is to form an " iron hoop " to support the United States. Again, " it is necessary to the safety of the United States, that they should have Texas;" and if they once get their 'eagle talons fastened upon the country, they are prepared to adjust with Mexico " all questions growing out of annexation, including boundary, upon the most liberal terms," viz. : to surrender the territory from the Rio Grande to the ISTueces. Where was the patriot- ism of our fiery and devoted members from the West, when these startling propositions became known in Texas? Their burning patriotism was all kindled into a flame twelve months ago, at the bare proposition of permitting Mexico to occupy that territory during the pendency of negotiations for peace, &c. Where now are the withering denunciations of that pink of consistency, the Telegraph, then so loud and eloquent in its denunciation of the perfidious Government that would dare to surrender any portion of that beautiful, fertile, and valuable country ? AH these gentlemen were startled and horrified at the bare mention of the surrender of any portion of the territory ever claimed by Texas. They would rather war with Mexico to their latest dying gasp, than yield one foot oi our territory for a compromise. Where are they now ? slumbering, I sup- pose, upon their patriotism, in order that when it shall burst forth afresh, it will be the more furious ! " nursing their wrath to keep it warm." Suppose a proposition of this character had been made by Digitized by Microsoft® 430 LETTEES, ETC. [1845. the British Cabinet, as a basis upon which they would under- take to settle the diflSculties between us and Mexico, or suppose such a proposition in regard to slavery in Texas, as any of those now pending before the United States Congress; had originated in the British Parliament, would not the country been thrown into commotion from one end to the other, and all the angry passions of the human breast been aroused into hostile action against British influence, and foreign interference with our domestic institutions ? Oh, consistency ! thou art indeed a jewel ! But I have written enough for one letter, and so will close. If you deem it not improper, I should like you to send Gen. Houston a copy of this, as I would like him to know the senti- ments of the British Cabinet on the subject. My kind regards to Madam, and best wishes for your health and prosperous administration. G. W. Teeeell. His Excellency, Anson Jones. \Endorsement. — Gen TerreU has pretty correctly stated the case, except in one or two instances, where he might be mis- understood. In saying that after the rejection of the treaty of annexation, I had abandoned aU hopes of" that measure, he reflects Gen. Houston's sentiments, rather than mine; Qen. Houston " changed his front," I was willing to wait, and did wait the result of the issue before the American people, which was not determined when Gen. Terrell left Texas for Europe. In saying I was doing nothing to favor annexation, he should be understood as saying I was acting in good faith simply, to all the powers interested, and was not engaged in exclusive efforts for annexation. I was certainly laboring for annexation and independence both at the same time. — ^A. J.] [Note. — ^I did not think it good policy in 1844 to send a violent friend of annexation to England and France — ^nor a violent friend of separate independence to the United States, for reasons which must and will be obvious to every one, when my whole course of action, in regard to these two measures, shall become known and understood. The principles inscribed upon my party's flag in the late can- Digitized by Microsoft® 1846.] LETTERS, ETC. 431 vass for the Presidency, ahd which stood at the head of the columns of the " National Vindicatoe," the Jones and Ander- son central organ at Washington, were : " "Our country, our whole country, and nothing but our country." " Never despair of the Repuhlic." " Annexation, or Unity, Independence, and Peace witlf all the world." " Honesty, intelligence, devotedness to our institutions." — A. J.] ( Vide my two letters on Annexation, &c., to H. Stuart, Esq., published in the "Civilian" in 1847, and republished at Phila- delphia, with an Appendix, in 1852. — A. J.) [I^om S. A. S., the Prince of Solms.] Galveston, Feb. 14th, 1845. Deae and Honoeed Sie, — Since I had the honor of meet- ing your Excellency, I have had much to do, landing my emi- grants, and conveying them to a safe encampment on the Guadalupe river, where they will remain until a road, sufficiently practicable, is made to the. upper country. I would hardly have left the camp had it not been urgent business which called me to this place. On my arrival I found a packet of letters, among others one from Count Castell, dwelling on the importance of a commercial treaty with the Hanseatic cities, now negotiating at Hamburg, by Mr. Dainger- field. Count Castell further states to me that Mr. Daingerfield meets with much opposition through the agency of Mexico, and that to carry out his project all possible support from the Gov- ernment of Texas is absolutely necessary. • Another sufficiently important point is the acknowledgment of Texas by Prussia and Austria, which I think might be easily obtained by Mr. Dainger- field, if he had the necessary papers from the Texan Govern- ment, as Count CasteU writes me he has npt. From good sources I have the intelligence that the gentle- man who at present represents Texas at the Court of France, is going to resign ; if so, I do not know a man who is more capa- Digitized by Microsoft® 432 LETTERS, ETC. [1845 We to fill the vacancy than Mr. D., with whom I became well acquainted before my departure from Germany for Texas. I hope your Excellency will attribute the motive that actuated me ia writing these liaes, and what it really is, my sincere wish for the prosperity of the country. With the highest regard, I remain your Excellency's obe- dieht servant, Chaeles, Peince oe Solms. His Excellency, Anson Jones. [From Col. JS. L. Kinney. \ February 11th, 1845. Deae Sir, — ^I enclose you a translation of a letter from Gen. Arista, forwarded to me by Antonio Ramon, who was instructed to give me farther private assurances of his earnest desire to make a favorable adjustment of the war ; from which I am satisfied that, with your Excellency's permission, I could con- clude an armistice for an indefinite period. This arrangement will be the more desirable, as the Comanches are now, in con- siderable force, committing depredations between the Rio Grande and the Nueces. Should you give instructions for me to proceed to Mexico, mth authority to conclude an armistice, it will be necessary that it should be done ui the most prudent manner, and that no one else shall have the slightest knowledge of my going there on the purpose, as a pubUcity might defeat us. Whatever is done, should be done without delay. In haste, I remain with due respect, your Excellency's obe- dient servant, H. L. KimraiT. His Excellency, Anson Jones, President, &c. • \TI}ranslation\ Monterey, Dec. 31st, 1844. Mr. H. KnOTTET : Mt deae Fezeitd, — I had the pleasure to learn by Antonio Ramon that you had received my last letter and the safe con- duct that I sent you, so that you might come to see me, after fulfilling the important business which I requested of you. Perhaps you delayed your journey in consequence of learn- Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 433 ing that the command of the army was taken from me ; which is again imder my order by virtue of the appointment of Com- mander-in-chief, which I have just received. I suppose you have heard of Santa Anna's attempt to crown himself, com- mencing by demolishing the Congress ; but the nation arose in mass and destroyed that Government, substituting another truly liberal and magnanimous, and conforming to the age in which we live. Consequently the man in whom we had so little confi- dence has disappeared, and we now find a Magistrate governing the destiny of the country of whose good faith and capability no one can doubt, and this is the reason why it is indispensable that you should, without loss of time, come to this city, where I await you with the result of the business that I communicated to you in my last letter, already noted. Do not doubt then about coming, making use of the passport that you have already in your possession, it being understood that you wUl meet with no obstacle on your journey. We must soon see each other, and for that reason I take leave of you. Your sincere friend, Mae"- Arista. P. S. — The news of this happy change for the Republic you can communicate to our friend, Mr. McKinney ; and send me an express to notify me if you are coming or not, as I am very anxious to know that you are on the road. [Self to Col. S. L. Kinney. \ ' Washington, Feb. 15th, 1845. Hon. H. L. KnojET : Dear Sie, — I have the pleasure to acknowledge the receipt of your favor of the 11th instant, covering a translation of a letter to you from Gen. Arista. The information contained in the letter of Gen. A., relative to the political changes in Mexico, corresponds with the intelhgence I have received from other sources, and there is now, by later advices, no doubt but the power of Santa Anna is completely overthrown, and he himself a captive in the hands of his enemies. What the character of the new Government of that country will be we have yet to learn, and whether they wiU listen to any overtures from us, or 28 Digitized by Microsoft® 434 LETTERS, ETC. [1845. make any themselves for a settlement of the difficulties between Texas and Mexico. Until something definite in relation to this subject shall be known, I should not consider it prudent, under existing circumstances, to authorize any one to proceed to the enemy's country empowered to enter into negotiations on the subject, as we have been so often repulsed heretofore. But if, through your facilities of communication, you can ascertain the views of the Mexican Government in relation to this subject, any favorable proposition they may make to us shall be as favorably considered. I would therefore suggest that, in the event you should visit Gen. Arista, or communicate with him, you impress upon him the necessity of some immediate action on this subject, and that the conditions under which Mexico will assent to an unlimited truce should be made known to this Government, so as to be considered, simultaneously, with the propositions for annexa- tion, which it now appears almost certain will be made us by the United States.. The plan I should suggest would be a mutual cessation of hostilities between the two countries, and the appointment of one or more commissioners by each party, to meet at some neu- tral point, say Havana, in the Island of Cuba, there to treat, under the mediation of powers, mutually friendly, for an ad- justment of all existing difficulties. I have the honor to be, with the highest respect. Your faithful friend and most obedient servant, Anson Jones. [From Son. James Iieillyl\ Houston, Feb. 21st, 1845. Deae Sie, — Your favor of the 13th did not come to hand until this morning. I am under obligations to you for the honor conferred, for ministers in disgrace are most generally permit- ted to live in undisturbed retirement. It would gratify me very much to see your Excellency, and I trust that I shall be permitted to do so on my way East. I start in a few days, and shall endeavor to take Washington in the way. Should I, however, not see you before leaving Texas, rest as- Digitized by Microsoft® 1846.] LETTERS, ETC. 435 sm-ed you have my warmest wishes for your personal and polit- ical welfare. Annexation has again been rejected. How now wiU the faithful feel? Must we again bow, again be scorned, and whilst hanging upon the promises of cold-hearted pohticians, suffer our prosperity to be retarded, our glory postponed, and forever be victimized to the great and only policy of the United States, the policy of President-making ? The question is, in- deed, " questio vexata," as you justly remarked ; and I would it was definitively settled. ***** Yours truly, James Reillt. His Excellency Anson Jones. [From Mr. H. A. Alsbury.] Bejae, 23d Feb., 1845. His Excellency the President of the RepubHc of Texas, Mr. Anson Jones : SiE, — I arrived at this city a few days since, from Mexico, where I have been so long confined in prison. I came with a passport fi:om Gen. Arista, granted me on conditions that I would see you, and bear you a message ; but owing to my hav- ing been robbed of my horses on the route, I find that I cannot reach Washington, and have the satisfaction so much desired by me of conversing with you. Since my liberation last year from chains and suffering, I have been with my family in the village of Candela, in the De- partment of Coahuila, and untU the late change of Government, have not been permitted to leave that Department. [private.] Should this letter be published, it wiU not only expose my- self and family to much suffering, but probably endanger my Ufe. I had many lengthy conversations with Gen. Arista upon the subject of the war with Texas. He requested me to say to you that Texas can get her own terms now, by sending com- missioners to Mexico ; he wiU pass them directly to the Capitol without awaiting orders from his Government, notwithstanding he had written to his Government for instructions what course he should pursue with Texas. Digitized by Microsoft® 436 LETTERS, ETC. [1845. Should it be the wish of Texas to form an armistice, with a free communication between the two countries for a year or more, I believe it can be effectuated. Gen. Arista is now the right arm of the present Government, and wUl probably be President. He is popular and politic ; and I believe that the present Government will settle down into a well-consolidated, wise, liberal federal Government. The war between Texas and Mexico has forever terminated; of this, there is no doubt. I have surer pledges of the fact than my own private opinion. The tyrant Santa Anna has fallen, with all his party and friends, forever. I believe that the Government of Mexico will leave it dis- cretionary with Gen. Arista, for the present, to pursue towards Texas the policy he may deem expedient. I shall remain in this place until I see the Hon. Secretary of War, who is hourly expected here, and shall then leave for Cor- pus Christi, where I shall probably remain until about the 5th of next month, when I shall leave for Monterey. • Should it be the wish of the Government to send any com- munication to Gen. Arista by me, by sending it to Corpus Christi by the 5th of next month, it will be conveyed. I shall return by that route for safety, as large bodies of Indians, of all the tribes in the country, are concentrating on the Rio Grande for the purpose of making a simultaneous attack on the Mexi- can frontier villages. I crossed the trails of several parties on my way in, to the number of six hundred or more, who are con- centrating on the head of the San Gertrudes, — of which I have notified Major Hays ; as I was informed on the Rio Grande that when the Indians were in Laredo last fall they threatened to attack Col. Kinney's rancho this spring. I am, sir, with the highest respect, your obedient servant, H. A. Alsbtjet. [From Col. James Morgan.^ New Washington, lat March, 1846. Mt deae Doctoh, — As the United States humbug is over, or nearly so, — at least enough is known to satisfy every Texan that there wiU be no decision by the Congress now nearly over Digitized by Microsoft® 1846.] LETTERS, ETC. 4317 favorable to annexation, — no time should be lost for carrying into effect the project contemplated. I consider the annexa- tion matter fairly at an end between Texas and the United States, and hope that we may never be humbugged again by any nation. The Mexican steamers may be agaia manned with JBritish seamen and officers, and held in terrorem over us, as at one time contemplated, which is within the knowledge of Dr. S., for the purpose of dictating terms to Texas ! Your Excel- lency will agree with me that there should be no delay in this matter, but a bold dash made at once. I presume that Dr. S. and Capt. E. have had some under- standing, — at least some correspondence of late, (as both are now at Galveston,) — on the all-important snh^ect of Independ- ence. I cannot but think, however, that Hercules would be more ready to lend a helping hand, if he were to see that we were determined to help ourselves, and did do it ! The enemy has it in his power to thrust at us but in one way that might seriously injure the country. Paralyze or destroy the arm that can make that thrust, and we are in a situation, at once, to stand our ground and make our own terms. I am anxious to be up and doing. Let diplomacy go on also! ******* Faithfully yours, J. Moegan. His Excellency Dr. A. Jones. [From Col. Ira JHunson.] Austin, March 8th, 1845. Deae Sie, — ^In obedience to your Excellency's request, al- though I have nothing to communicate which will, perhaps, be regarded as a subject of interest, yet fearing that you may think me remiss in my duty, I proceed to impart such trifling infor- mation as I have come into possession of I am much pleased, so far, with my situation here ; the place being entirely healthy, and every thing being entirely agreeable. The business of the General Land Office proceeds with the utmost regularity and harmony ; in fact, the system of order which prevails through- out all its details has rather surprised me, although a long ac- quaintance with Col. Ward had previously satisfied me of his Digitized by Microsoft® 438 •■ LETTERS, ETC. [1845. capacity ; yet the clamor which had become somewhat general had almost prepared me to find a somewhat different state of things. Yet I am now perfectly satisfied that perhaps no other man in the Republic could supply his place, so perfectly ac- quainted is he with all that relates to the landed interest of the country as well as with the miautest details of the ofiice. If it may not be considered out of place, and as partaking of the too common practice of interested adulation, I would state to your Excellency, as the result of my careful and candid observation, that your administration is, almost universally, sat- isfactory to the people ; and that it may continue so to its close, and that you may long live to enjoy the rewards of patriotic devotion to the best interests of the country over which you have been called to preside, I close, by subscribing myself. Your Excellency's much obliged and faithful friend and ser- vant, Ika Munson. His Excellency, Anson Jones, President, &c. [From Son. JLot ClarJc^ LoCKPOET, N. Y., March llth, 1845. Mt dbae Sir, — * * * * ]\jy youngest son, "William * * has quite a notion to go to Texas. * * * S]ioui,j he go there, it would be with a view of a permanent residence, unless Texas should ba tacked on to the United States. Should that event happen, I would not advise any of my friends to make it a residence. I could imagine no worse curse to Texas. I have seen some of the dealings of the United States with Florida. This would be much worse. Nearly every office un- der the United States Government would be filled with a low order of Virginia, Maryland, and Georgia and North Carolina demagogues, totally incompetent, pauperized upon you to make political weight ia those States. Again, four-fift;hs of New York, Ohio, New Jersey, all of Mas- sachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut and Vermont, a large ma- jority of Pennsylvania, probably three-fourths, a decided majority in Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Maiue, and New Hampshire, have a deep and abiding feehng against her admission. This arises from various causes : opposition to slavery, opposition to extend- Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 439 ing slave dominions, a belief that the constitution has been vio- lated — and a much more extensive belief, that as you extend the territory you diminish the power of the Government to ex- terid salutary protection to the people. Already it is believed that a radical spirit has seized upon the Government, vulgar, destructive, and Jacobinical. These opinions are universal among the most thinking and intelligent ; those who have con- trary notions are the ignorant and the unthinking. You know how opinions are constantly stealing from the ranks of the intel- ligent to the unintelligent, so that it can scarcely be doubted that the deep feeling against this measure wiU be on the increase for years. ******* New States, when they come into the Union, want much legislation from Congress, which is difficult to obtain in the most favorable state. With this feeling spoken of, how could they hope to obtain it ? But independent of all this, why fasten yourselves on the outskirts of this Government, so far from the centre as never to feel its influence ? Have you fears that you cannot maintain your independence ? You may have, but let me tell you, you would get quite as efficient aid from the United States without as with annexation. How did the Government protect Florida from the Indians ? — a wasted and desolated region that will not be restored in twenty years will answer the question. I have heard that you were opposed to annexation. I pre- sume you will be if you can get sufficient support from your people. I fancy, however, it will be an up-hill business. The public like new things ; if you can prevent it, you will deserve immortal praise. It is now so fixed in the United States that it depends on Texas. If Texas comes in, she is coming on in- tolerable hard terms ; she gives up her revenue to the United States and keeps her debt. Eternal repudiation must be the consequence. You may suppose, from viewing the results of the Presiden- tial election on the surface, I am mistaken as to public opinion in the States I have mentioned. I am not mistaken. There is no mistaking it by any calm observer of the election. Had the Democrats taken the ground openly in any of the States I have mentioned, they would have been put down by their own party. Digitized by Microsoft® 440 LETTERS, ETC. [1845. They did not mean, themselves, to have Texas. In all the farm- ing towns they took the ground that Mr. Clay was as much for Texas as Mr. Polk. They told the people that it depended upon the Senate, and so they could with much plausibility. But I am taking up too much of your time. * * * Most truly yours. Lot Claek. His Excellency, A. Jones. [M-om Col. James Morgan.} New Washingtoit, 28th March, 1845. Mt deae Doctoe, — It seems that " the long agony is over," and Texas is to be tacked on to the fag end of the United States, a little behind ArJcansas, or any repudiating State thereof, nolens volens ! Worse than all, we shall be annexed with the curses of fuUy one-half of the people of the United States, who have been deriding and abusing us for cut-throats, viUains, and bestowing upon us every other vUe epithet during the whole time of the canvass between Mr. Clay and Gov. Polk, and at it yet ! — -just at the time, too, our independence was about being acknowledged by Mexico ! I came up from Galves- ton with Col. Donelson, who was on his way and in great haste to get to Washington to see you. I learnt from him that it was expected in the United States that we should go into the Union, not by treaty, but under Mr. Brown's resolutions, or in fact on any terms that the United States might think proper to dictate ? Will our people stand this ? There is a decided ma- jority at Galveston opposed to annexation on any terms ! — ^but nowhere else, I fear ; so that our Congress wUl settle the matter at once, (if called, and I suppose you wiU have to call them,) and we shall be involved in interminable difficulties, with the loss of our sovereignty ! to satisfy the majority, who, not one in ten, have ever reflected on the consequences. Well, Yox populi, vox Dei. I do wish that it was convenient for me to visit Washington ; I have some little suggestions to make that might aid in defeating some grand schemes which are on hand I see, and which will not be of much credit to the country. I have received letters from the United States, and particu- larly from New York, where the people have ever had a friendly Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTEKS, ETC. 441 feeling for Texas, and have at times manifested it most nobly, deprecating the idea of Texas agreeing to terms so degrading to her honor as to go into the Union in the way proposed in Brown's resolutions. * * * WeU, all my projects, I fear, are knocked in the head, and I shall die for want of excitement of some kind. God bless and prosper you. * * * Faithfully, dear Doctor, your friend, J. Morgan. His Excellency, A. Jones. IM-om Hon. Charles JSlliot.'] Galveston, April 3d, 1845. Mt dear Sie, — More good news ! I have this day received despatches from Mr. Bankhead of the 20th ult., and a private letter of the 22d ult., by her Majesty's ship "Eury dice," com- manded by my cousin, Capt. Charles George Elliot. These tidings announce the cordial adhesion of the new Government to the favorable dispositions expressed by Gen. Santa Anna, communicated to you in our late instructions ; and M. Alleye de Cyprie, the French Minister, has written in the same sense to De Saligny. I shall, of course, proceed upon my voyage with- out delay, (that is, as soon as the " New York " has arrived,) and in the mean time this pleasing intelligence will strengthen your hands here. The country, my dear sir, is safe and sound, and most cordially do I congratulate you. You deserve the honor and respect that will ever be your portion, for you have steered the bark steadily and bravely through a very perilous navigation. I think you may look for decisive news within thirty days from now ; and pray take care that you have some member of the Government near Galveston by that time. I hope Mr. Smith is by this time on his way to Galveston, and furnished with fuU powers to settle all things satisfactorily in Europe. I have put this letter under cover to him in case it should meet him on the road. * * Could not Miller encour- age the people safely and prudently in the JRegister, without disclosing any thing that should be kept secret yet ? Ever your sincere friend and servant, Chaeles Elliot. His Excellency, Anson Jones, &c., &c., &c. Digitized by Microsoft® 4A2 LETTERS, ETC. [1845. IFVom Ammon Underwood^ Esq.\ CoLTTMBiA, April 5th, 1845. President Jones : Deae Sie, — I wrote you some time since, to which no an- swer has heen received. * * * "pj^g public pulse is in a most feverish state here and throughout the country, pertaining to the great question of annexation. The door is now opened for effecting the union, and, as the people believe, much promp- titude is desirable on your part to call an extra session of Con- gress, &c., &c. By your opponents, and even some of your warm and stanch friends, doubts and fears are entertained relative to your views. My own (as you know) very powerful eloquence, has been exhausted in assuring them of your friendship and prompt action in the great cause, so soon as the subject is properly brought before you, but my assurances are not con- fided in. For my own part, I doubt not that before this reaches you, your proclamation will have been published convening an extra session of Congress. The consummation of this great meas- ure will fill a glorious paragraph- — a proud page in the history of your high career ; and I know and feel that as you value your own fair fame, but more especially your country's welfare, that your highest energies will be devoted to the accomplishment of this most desirable and glorious result. From all sections of the country, — except Galveston, where, I learn, a majority is in favor of the measure, and the dependents of Government patronage composing your little town of Washington, — a universal voice of acclaim is raised in favor of annexation ! — annexation on the terms of the joint resolutions of the Congress of the United States ! I know that your own sentiments and knowledge of the deep interest felt almost universally throughout the community for the speedy consummation of this great measure, will lead you to the most proper and speedy course to effect it ; and I would merely add, that the feverish excitement of the community upon this great question exceeds any thing I ever witnessed. A mass meeting and barbecue is to come off at Brazoria on Monday week ; also an annexation ball here on the 14th, and one at Brazoria on the 21st. Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 443 Forgive me for this intrusion upon your attention, which I am aware must be heavily and constantly taxed, and permit me, very respectfully, to subscribe myself, Truly your friend and obedient servant, A. Undeewood. His Excellency, Anson Jones. [Endorsement. — ^A true bill. — A. J.] [From Son. Charles JEUiot.] Galveston, April 6th, 1845. Mt deae Peesident, — I have waited so long for the " New York," but she is not here yet, and I cannot keep the ships any longer. I am therefore off this morning. I shall go out in the " Electra," but change ships out of sight of land, and go down by the " Eurydice." By this means I shall be reported as gone to " Charleston " in the " Electra," and so hope to arrive unob- served. * * ***** God bless you, my dear President. Rely upon my best exer- tions and best speed, and before many weeks are over I hope I shaU have to congratulate you on the happy close of these affairs. And I believe so, too. Nothing can be more satisfactory than Mr. Bankhead's tone. Ever your sincere friend, Chaeles Elliot. His Excellency, A. Jones, &c., &c., &c. [M%dorsement. — ^A man with a "white hat" arrived in Mexico a few days after the date of this letter, who became no- torious as such aU over Christendom. It was the writer of this, who in less than four weeks achieved an exploit of which history furnishes no parallel. — ^A. J.] [From the Count de SaKgny.\ Galveston, April 3d, 1845. Deae Peesident, — I cannot let the express be off without adding a few lines to the letter written you by my friend. I too have received news from our minister there, and of the most encouraging nature they are. Be cheerful and firm at Wash- ington, and my word for it, every thing wiU soon come out right. Digitized by Microsoft® 444 LETTERS, ETC. [1845. I am very busy writing home, and somewhere else. I'll go to New Orleans by the next " New York." There, I hope soon to hear something good from three different quarters ; as soon as it comes I'll let you know it. In the mean time, should any thing of importance take place here, or should you want to see me, drop me a Une through Major C , and I would, if neces- sary, be back from New Orleans on the next steamboat. Your friends are in good spirits, and gaining strength and ground every day. So I'll tell you again, be firm and cheerfiil. You must by this time have seen the Old S , and trust you found him all we may wish. ***** Believe me, dear President, to be truly your very humble and obedient servant. C. Db Saiigstt. His Excellency, Anson Jones. [indorsement. — Mr. De Saligny is too sanguine ; his wish is too much the father to his thought. " Old S.," that is Gen. Houston, has been at his old game of lying — and with no good intent towards me. This letter is one of the thousand proofs I have of the in- tense, the wild desire of European powers to prevent annex- ation. But my course lies straightforward through the angry billows. I'll " keep her steady," and be " firm and cheerful " too. — ^A. J.] [M-om Ebn. M. P. Norton.] Houston, April , 1845. Mt deae Sie, — I have no doubt that on the subject of an- nexation, as on all others, you have quite as many advisers as you need, and if I had a single feeling of unkindness or unfriendliness either to yourself personally or politically, I would not open my mouth on the question, but it does give me great uneasiness to see men in whose prosperity I feel so great an interest as I do in yourself, and at least in one member of your Cabinet, even apparently placed in an attitude of hostility to public feeling, and I believe to the public interest. I do not believe that you are sensible of the strong feeling that exists on this subject, growing, perhaps, more than any thing else, out of the course taken by the Register. I do hope and pray that you will Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 445 convene a session of the Congress at the earliest possible mo- ment, and relievo your administration from the increasing feel- ing of disapprobation -wMoh must otherwise cleave it to the earth. If it were even suspected, now, that Dr. Smith had gone to England, or elsewhere, to make commercial treaties, it would produce a burst of feeUng, that could only end in revolution and dishonor to the country. I found a meeting, when I re- turned from Montgomery, appoiated to be held on Monday, and was called upon to preside ; with much effort I obtained its postponement until next Monday (21st), when it must come off, I hope in such a way as wUI lead to no bad consequences. If your friends here, or elsewhere, hold back in this matter, both yourself and they must be politically crushed to the earth ; and it seems to me that the instinct of self-preservation should not be lost sight of in this, more than in any other question, and it appears to us in much stronger force, when it accords, as this measure does, to my mind, with the prosperity and happingss of the country. * * * Tours truly, M. P. Noetom-. His Excellency, Anson Jones. {JEhdorsement. — ^A few months since I persuaded Judge Norton to " quit piping against annexation." I have tried to persuade Miller to do the same, but cannot succeed. The Register is Gen. Plouston's organ, not mine, though I am held responsible for its opinions, widely as they differ from my own. -A. J.] \From Francis B. Jjubhock, Esq^^ Houston, April 9th, 1845. " To his Excellency, ANSOif JoifES: Mt dbah Sie, — Claiming to be a friend of yours not of yes- terday, but since the year 1836, 1 take the liberty of stating to you, that from my observation, which has been very considerable of late, I find that a very, very large majority of your friends and the people of our county, are in favor of annexation, as pro- posed by the United States ; that many of your former fnends and opponents are now abusing you for delaying the important question, and asserting openly that you are opposed and doing Digitized by Microsoft® 446 LETTEES, ETC. [1845. all in your power to defeat it : — these assertions I have denied, it is true without authority, hut from my own conviction that you were in fevor of the measure. I trust, my dear sir, that you will see it as I do, and a large majority of your fellow- citizens and friends, and that you will lend your influence and aid in bringing about a measure that wiU redound to the pros- perity of your country, and entitle you to the merit and praise of having consummated one of the greatest political achieve- ments on record, and instead of receiving the thanks of 15,000 people, that of 14,000,000. Tou may think me crazy in thus boldly approaching you on so important a measure ; but, my dear sir, I claim to be your friend and well-wisher, consequently trust you wUl give my letter such consideration as a friend deserves. I am yours, very respectfully, P. R. Lubbock. [Endorsement. — This letter is from a true and worthy friend, who believes correctly. But it shows a strange phenomenon in poUtics. I have now been laboring incessantly more than four years to open the doors of annexation, and have at last suc- ceeded, while others have slept. Now, noisy demagogues make the public to believe they are the friends of the measure, God save the mark ! and I. (its chief author,) its opposer and enemy. —A. J.] [From Son. Ashbel Smith.] GrALVESTON, Wednesday Night, ) April 9th, 1845' \ My deae Sie, — I leave to-morrow morning for New Or- leans. Since leaving Washington I have generally avoided con- versation on annexation and collateral matters, as much as I could conveniently do without attracting notice by my sUence. I find, however, everywhere, very great, very intense feeling on this subject; I quieted it as much as possible, by stating that you would at no very distant period present this matter for the consideration and action of the people. I am forced to believe that an immense majority of the citizens are in favor of annexa- tion — that is of annexation as presented in the resolutions of the American Congress — and that they will continue to be so, in Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 4.47 preference to independence, though recognized in the most liberal manner by Mexico. This last opinion is, however, I know more doubtful. But I cannot be mistaken in the belief that the tranquilUty at present arises from a confidence in your favorable dispositions towards annexation, and the assurance that you will ere long present the matter in some definite form to the country, so as to enable the people to vote in favor of it. This I know is your purpose ; but should a suspicion to the contrary arise, and should it be suspected that the matter was to be deferred tUl the European powers can in any wise be heard from or con- sulted, especially England, I am certainly informed that an at- tempt win be made to convene a convention, by caUing on the people in public meeting, for the purpose of overriding the Gov- ernment, — in other words, an attempt will be made to plimge the country into a revolution. The plan has been matured in Harris, Brazoria, and Galveston counties. My coming down the country so soon after Messrs. De SaUgny and EUiot, and so speedily after the arrival of Mr. Donelson, excited much notice, and a suspicion that I might be going to Europe, for a moment inflamed the mind of the pub- lic, until people settled down into the beUef that I was going to the United States Government at Washington, on the Potomac. This is now firmly believed, but as I did not give rise to the report, I do not contradict it. When it is known I am going to Europe, as it will be when I sail from the United States, 1 feel convinced that public opinion will be inflamed beyond control. Invitations will issue from meetings claiming to represent the popular will, urging the people without delay to elect dele- gates to a convention, for the purpose of exercising all the powers of Government. I have been told by persons who do not intend to mislead me, that I am considered very hostile to annexation in all forms, more so than yourself, and that I have warped your judgment on this subject. I need not say how unjust such an opinion is. On looking over what I have written, I find I have under- stated rather than overstated the feeling on this subject, and the importance which will be attached to my mission when known. I am sure its tendency will be to prevent the dispas- Digitized by Microsoft® 4AS LETTERS, ETC. [1845. sionate consideration hy the people of the grave matters about to be submitted to them ; and I am really apprehensive ttat an attempt may be made to subvert our institutions. I beg you will not consider tbese remarks as the result of any momentary excitement on my part — the conclusion has been slowly and carefully come to. Under the circumstances, I have ventured to take a step which wUl delay me four or six days in the United States, still allowing me to reach Boston in time for the first steamer, to wit, that of the 1st of next month ; and this I shall do in order to receive any further instructions you may have to give me. I will go at once to Memphis, on the Mississippi river, (which is my direct route to Boston,) and there remain some fi.ve or six days at my brother's. Dr. Bauer, the bearer of this letter, will travel overland to the mouth of Red river, there embark for Memphis, and reaph that place almost as soon as I shall. He will bring in safety any verbal or written communications you may have to send. Should you deem it best to delay my sailing for a short time, or to suspend my mission wholly and consider my journey a private one, or to proceed without delay to my post, I shall act accordingly, and in all cases I shall faithfully attend to the interests of the country. I am not undmiadful of the understanding that I should undertake the mission, but I do not suppose its accomphshment would be desired, if likely to produce no beneficial results. As to our relations with Mexico, I think they will be brought to some definite shape for action, under the influence of counsels now or shortly to be presented to her. I have written, my dear sir, until I am quite fatigued, hav- ing been very busy to-day in preparations for saiUng in the morning. I trust, however, that the importance of the interests now about to be adjudicated, and the intense feeling and great susceptibility of the public mind at this time, will be a sufficient apology for my troubling you. If I do not hear from you, I shall go direct to my post without loss of time. I have yet lost none since leaving Washington. Mr. Sahgny sails in the " New York " to-morrow, and this accidental circumstance of our going on the same boat is grave- ly noted. Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 449 You have probably met Gov. YeU, a pleasant gentleman, said by some persons to be an, unofficial minister accreditecl to our citizens in general. Very sincerely and faithfully, your friend, AsHBBL Smith. His Excellency, Anson Jones. P. S. — * * * Being bound by my promise, not only to yourself, but also to the Representatives of the foreign Govern- ments, to repair to Europe, I shall do so ; though, under the cu'cumstances, with great reluctance, and faithfully present the matters intrusted to me to the Governments to which I am accredited. * * * Were there time to allow the appoint- ment of another representative in my place, without, in effect, violating the promises already made, I should respectfully ten- der my resignation. After having performed the object of my mission, I shall at once return home, as I have your kind per- mission to do ; and if the question of annexation be then open, shall use my feeble efforts to promote the same. Had I time, I would enter more fully ioto details, but the steamboat is ring- ing her last beU, and indeed I do not suppose explanation neces- sary, as I believe your opinions are not widely different from those I have just expressed. Should you, under all the circumstances, deem it proper to delay my sailing, or to recall me ; it can be done by means of Dr. Bauer, as mentioned in the preceding letter. Very sincerely and truly your friend and servant, AsHBBL Smith. [^Indorsement. — Dr. Smith does not clearly understand the object of his mission — ^which is simply to explain to European Governments our true position on the annexation question, and at a proper time to take a proper leave of those Governments — and also to satisfy Capt. EUiot and Mr. De Saligny, who hope against almost a certainty that annexation wiU. not be as accept- able as independence to our people, and that it will by that means faU. Dr. Smith has permission to return if he wishes, but will not be recalled or delayed by me. — A. J.] 29 Digitized by Microsoft® 450 LETTEES, ETC. [1845. ^^ * [From Bon. Wm. B. Ochiltree^ HoFSTON, 11th April, 1845. Mt dbae Sie, — I find mucli excitement here on the subject of annexation. I think all parties wiU be satisfied with a call of Congress by the 20th June. I think that no time should be lost in issuing the proclamation convoking Congress. Hen- derson thinks that it would have a favorable influence upon the western delegation, in fixing the apportionment of members to the convention, and call Congress to Austin. I have said here, unequivocally, that there would certainly be a caJled session, and that it would meet by the first or mid- dle of June. Some letter writer, as you will see by the Teler- graph, has made a gross misstatement of the facts connected with the reception of Major Donelson at our place. I would Uke if this could be corrected as from Major Donelson. Gov. Yell, of Arkansas, will visit Washington in to-day's stage. No particular news from the United States. Very truly your obedient servant, Wm. B. Ochilteee. President Jones, Washington. \From the Same.l Galteston, 13th April, 1846. Mt deae Sie, — ^I arrived in this place on yesterday morning. I was agreeably disappointed in finding that but little exciter merit prevailed among the body of the people on the subject of annexation ; it is true, there is a deep and intense feeling enter- tained by both parties on the subject, but nothing I would call excitement. (Hunt, of course, is absent.) The assurance that you would call Congress by the 20th of June, has, I am satisfied, given satisfaction to the annexation party. I feel well convuiced, sir, that much, very much de- pends upon your convening Congress at Austin. Cazneau stands uncommitted, and would, I am satisfied, be powerfully neutralized by that step. It strikes me with great force, that you have every thing to gain, nothing to lose, not already lost, by going to Austin. The position of Gen. Houston seems to be a matter of deep canvass between the parties ; both claim him ; all acknowledge the weight it would have in either scale. Digitized by Microsoft® 1846.] LETTEES, ETC. 451 The more I see of things here, the more strongly am I con- vinced of the truth of your suppositions as to the moving causes in this matter. Tours, in truth, W. B. Ochilteee. President Jones. [JEndorsement. — If I had called Congress at Austin, and not called the Convention, it would have tended to aid in prevent- ing what I was anxious to accomplish, and did accomplish, an equalization of representation. Gen. Houston is playing the " snake in the grass," but I do not intend to let him bite me. — ^A. J. May 5th, 1846.] [From Son. Ashbel jSmith.^ St. Charles' Hotel, New Orleans, ) April 14th, 1845.) Mt dbae Sie, — I reached this place yesterday, Sunday, and shall leave to-day, proceeding to Boston without delay, so as to embark in the steamer of the 1st prox., for Liverpool. The night before sailing from Galveston, I had a severe chill, followed by high fever : I was bled copiously, and went direct from my bed to the steamboat. I am yet rather feeble, but gaining rapidly. I wrote a long letter the night before I left, to be handed you by Dr. Bauer. * * * * I shall lose no time, nor omit any exertion in endeavoring to accomplish the object of my mission. There is not, so far as I learn, any news of importance here ; except that every one seems to be looking with interest to our coimtry. The rumor from the Red River districts is that the people there are unanimous in favor of annexation. Mr. E. J. ForstaU informs me that he has it directly from Mr. Arrangois, Mexican Consul, that Mexico will, without delay, acknowledge our independence ; and further, .that Mr. Arrangois believes the proposal or overttire is now on its way from Mexico to Texas. Persons are continually dropping in to see me, so that it is im- possible to write. With the greatest regard, very truly and faithfully yours, AsHBEi Smith. His Excellency, Anson Jones. Digitized by Microsoft® 452 LETTERS, ETC. [184&. [From J. C. Megginson, Mq.] Houston, 26th AprU, 1845. To His Excellency, Anson Jokes : Deak Sie, — * * * My health is not good. I should be much gratified to see and converse ynih you on the more than important — the momentous crisis upon which our country has fallen. I feel for you in regard to this question, and the vast responsibility which hangs upon you, as a friend and a true Texan ought to feel, and hope soon to see you. What little influence I have, or may have, you can command in furtherance of your patriotic administration of the Government. And to convince you of my sincerity, kaoAV, that no office or station, no prospective unpopularity, shall or can influen cemy course. ****]; iiave the honor to be, sir, with the utmost confidence, kindness, and respect, your friend and servant, Joseph C. Megginson. IMidorsement, — "Blow winds, and crack your cheeks, if room enough." — ^A. J.] [From Hon. Charles Flliot] Mexico, April 21st, 1845. Mt dear Sie, — I hasten to send you the ofiicial paper of to-day, announcing the demand of this Government to Congress for authority to treat with Texas, upon the basis of the prelimi- nary conditions, and Mr. Bankhead and the Baron Alleye de Cyprie think there is no doubt that Congress will accede to the proposal of the Government, and that the conditions them- selves will be signed by the Secretary of State before the close of this week. They will be forwarded direct to Texas without delay, by a French vessel of war, and I will come on with Sa- Ugny by the first opportunity, after I reach New Orleans. The first great difficulty was the necessity in which the Gov- ernment felt itself to ask for the authority of Congress before they could treat upon any footing involving the alienation of any portion of the national territory; and of course it required several days to pave the way, and to provide duly for the sup- port of their policy ia Congress. But that hard step has been Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 453 taien, and the ministers of the two powers entertain the opinion that the Government would never have risked an appeal to Congress, unless they had felt sure of success. Upon the whole, I am convinced you will be much satisfied with the tone of the Secretary of State's communication to Congress, for you weU know how sensitive these people are, and how needful it is to manage their vanity. The mail leaves for Vera Cruz in an hour or two, and I have only time to congratulate you cordially upon the favorable and advanced state of affairs ; and to assure you, by the desire of Mr. Bankhead and Mons. AUeye de Cy- prie, that they wUl continue to use their best efforts for the speedy and happy termination of this business. They have had a very difficult and delicate task, which has only been accom- plished by their hearty co-operation, and the exercise of great firmness, tempered by the utmost discretion and concUiatori- ness of language. I hope to be with you almost as soon as this letter can reach you. My best regards to Mr. AUen, if you please, and oblige me by writing a few words of congratulation to Gen. Houston, in my name. No man wishes you both joy with more cordial pleasure than Tours, very sincerely, Chablbs Elliot. To his Excellency, Anson Jones, &c., &c., &c., Texas. P. S. — ^This Government is certainly most favorably dis- posed, and you may be assured the great difficulty is passed. [Endorsement. — ^Announcing the successful progress of the preliminary treaty with Mexico. General Houston had the infamy, a few weeks (or months) after this, to boast, at a public meeting in N"ew Orleans, that he had only been " coquetting " with Capt. Elliot ; which was false in fact, or most disgraceful to Texas and to himself, if true. — A. J.] [From Son. A. J. Donelson.] Houston, Texas, April 29tb, 1845. My deae SiE,-^Judge Ochiltree suggested to me, on my way here, the propriety of your recommending to the people Digitized by Microsoft® 464 LETTERS, ETC. [1846. the election of delegates to a convention to he assembled about the time that Congress will meet, or earlier ; and I learn here from Judge Norton, that Mr. Allen and others of your friends have expressed a similar wish. Feeling that you might have some embarrassment on the subject in consequence of the intimation to me through Mr; Allen, that it was necessary to convoke Congress in order to have an apportionment of the elective districts, I have taken the Uberty to write this note ; and to say to you that I trust you will not consider any declaration yet made to me as a reason for not adopting such suggestion, should it appear otherwise proper. The great object is to give effect to the public will of Texas, and if this should be already sufficiently expressed to show that the proposals from the United States are satisfactory, all that remains is to resort to the earliest practicable mode of obtaining the requisite change in the Constitution and Government. For this purpose, the call you have made of Congress might be con- fined to that feature of the proposals which anticipate the con- sent of the existing Government of Texas ; whUe at the same time, the Convention might be in session framing the new Con- stitution. The main difficulty, I suppose, in your mind, would be the apportionment of the representation to the Convention, which is a heavy responsibility, considering the jealousy which exists be- tween the western and eastern portions of the RepubHc. But may not this responsibility be safely risked by you ? Such a classification as you suggested to me, is doubtless a near ap- proach to what would be adopted by Congress, if the duty of making it were left to that body ; and it cannot be supposed that the people would be less wiUing to come to an agreement. The whole proceeding is at least but recommendatory, inasmuch as it is extra-constitutional ; and your action, as well as that of Congress, could do no more than indicate a plan to the people, by which they could express their sovereign will with conven- ience and certainty. Should your proclamation, therefore, after stating the occa- sion for its being issued, recommend the people to elect dele- gates to a Convention, to meet on day of June, and to choose one, two, three, or four members, as the case may be, on Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 455 such a basis of representation as from your knowledge of the claims of all the counties would be right, giving due weight to population and territory — the Convention thus assembled to be the judge of the competency of its members, with power to correct what they might decide to be unequal or unjust in the classification for the counties, — it would seem to me that yon might safely confide in the people themselves, and the delegates to sustain you. But it is not my intention to do more than call your atten- tion to the subject, for the purpose of assuring you, that if such a step is in contemplation, I trust you will not permit any thing official which has been communicated to me to interfere with it- I feel a Uvely interest in your meeting the wish of the peo- ple of Texas ; at the same time I am aware of the impropriety of my becoming to any extent the organ of these feelings. Yon will not, therefore, ascribe to me, in this communication, a de- parture from the line of conduct, which, as a representative from the United States, should keep me from aU interference with the independent judgment of the Government and people of Texas on the proposals for their admission into the Union. "With my kind regards to Mrs. Jones, I am, very truly, your obedient servant, A. J. Donhlson. His Excellency, Pkesident Jones. P. S. — ^As well as I recollect, your classification was : One member for every county. One additional for every 200 votes and less than 500. One additional for every 500 and over. Perhaps an additional member to the two counties, Mont- gomery and Red River, that have 1,200 votes. [Endorsement. — ^Received May 6th, 1845.] {From Hon. D. S. Kaufman.] Sabine Town, May 1st, 1845. His Excellency, Anson Jones : My deae See, — ^Tour interesting favor of 18th ult. came safe to hand this evening very opportunely ; and I avail myself of the return of the mail to-morrow to reply. Your intimation Digitized by Microsoft® 456 LETTERS, ETC. [1845. that my remaining until after the special session would not be unacceptaMe to you, is at once gratifying to my feelings and that of all my friends, and shall be cheerfuDy compUed with. I shall attend the special session, and it wiU afford me pleasure, as I can do it conscientiously, to vindicate your course, and put down, as far as in my power, any excitement that may have been raised for unworthy purposes. Tour letter is highly gratifying to me, not only on account of the poHcy favorable to annexation, which it indicates, but also on account of the friendly personal feelings manifested towards myself. I am sure I am not ungrateful, and it wOl be my duty and pleasure on all and every occasion to put you right before the people ; and I reaUy believe that, when your whole course of policy is laid before them, they will award to you the meed of an honest and patriotic statesman. Your convocation of Congress has abeady allayed all excitement, and entirely quieted the minds of the people. Your obliged Mend, David S. Kaufman. {From Son. Ashbel Smith.] Boston, May 1st, 1845. My dbae Sie, — I arrived here last evening, and shaU sail to- day at two o'clock in the " Caledonia " for Liverpool. I have noted with interest the intelligence from Mexico. I have seen a private letter from a high functionary in Mexico, whose name I am not permitted to mention, dated 31st March, which says the party of Gomez Farias is gaining ground, and that that party is opposed to the recognition of our independ- ence ; that Cuevas is accused by the Farias party of treasonable correspondence with the enemy — ^to wit, that he is working for the recognition. You must, however, have later iiiteUigence, and on the receipt of this you wiU doubtless be informed of what Mexico will do at this juncture. My present journey has caused much speculation in the American newspapers. Not having authorized any of their statements, nor being responsible to them for my conduct, I let them blunder on in their conjectures. Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 45^ The American papers are full of speculations, too, on the chances of a war between the United States and England. I do not think there is any Ukehhood or prospect of a war to grow out of the Oregon question. It appears to me, from such observation as I have had, that it is expected by the people of this country that the measure of annexation will be ratified by the next Congress, if acceded to by Texas. I have nothing from Col. Daingerfield or Gen. Terrell. Some despatches from Gen. Terrell have this moment been handed me. Having read them I shall forward by the present maU. My room is, as usual, full of people. In haste, truly yours, Ashbel Smith. His Excellency, Anson Jones. [Midorsement. — ^I am happy to see that the Doctor has recovered from his late alarm at Galveston. — ^A. J.] [-From Son. A. J. Donelson.'] . Galteston, May 2d, 1845. Deae Sie, — I send you the correspondence with Gen. Al- monte, and late accounts from Mexico, as the basis of the sug- gestion from Mr. Allen respecting the obligation of the United States to protect the western frontier of Texas in case of in- vasion. If you sanction the letter from Mr. AUen, I shall make it the basis of an immediate application to the President of the United States, who, I doubt not, wiU order the troops, as soon as Con- gress accepts the terms submitted by me, or leave a provisional power in my hands to convey the order as soon as the exigency arises. I am very truly your obedient servant, A. J. DOKBLSON, His Excellency, A. Jones. [Midorse'^ent. — ^This letter contains the proof of what I have elsewhere stated, that the application for protection to Texas came from the Government of the United States^ and not from Texas. Mr. Allen was urged and over-persuaded in the Digitized by Microsoft® 458 LETTEES, ETC. [1846. matter ; and it had gone so far before it came to my knowledge, I could not refuse a compliance. — ^A. J.] {^M-om Son. JEhenezer Allen.] Galteston, 3d May, 1846. Deae Sie, — ^I send you for inspection the enclosed note, in- tended to be addressed to Mr. Donelson, if its contents should meet your approbation. It was prepared at his suggestion, and his reply wiU be, I think, in all respects agreeable, or at least unobjectionable. General Houston, who arrived in the "Bill" this morning, says that the tone of the note corresponds with the course adopted during his administration : of its propriety, however, you can judge, and Mr. Eldridge will forward me a copy, which I can sign and transmit to Mr. Donelson. Mr. Donelson has read to me his letter addressed to you on the subject of a convention, and requests me to express to you my sentiments on that subject. I have not, however, had time to examine the matter as fully as I could wish. There can be no doubt that a convention, framed upon a plan recommended by the Executive, would *be as legal, satisfactory, and efficient as one formed upon a plan proposed by Congress. * * If you think the measure a safe one, and not premature, I should be glad to see your proclamation issued recommending a convention to be assembled at as early a day as practicable, and presenting a basis whereby to regulate the election of dele- gates. * * * * * I remain your friend and obedient servant, Ebekezee Allen. To His Excellency, Anson Jones. [^Endorsement. — This letter shows that the protection to Texas was sought by the Government of the United States. At this time I did not think Texas needed any more protection than the moral power of the United States. Owing, however, to the excitement at the time, and my embarrassments, I yielded a reluctant assent ; but at the time I was not a fr^e agent, or I would not have done so. Mr. Allen, too, had compromitted me, actuated, no doubt, by the fact of my embarrassments, — ^A. J.] Digitized by Microsoft® 18450 LETTERS, ETC. 459 [M-om the Same.] Galveston, 4th May, 1845. My deae Sie, — ^From the signs now exhibited there can be but little doubt that the called session of Congress is intended to present a stormy scene. The opponents of the Adminis- tration do not intend to place it in your power to appear as the friend of that measure. They care not whether they place you in a false or true position, so that they can add strength and popularity to their determined hostility to your administration. Such is the conclusion to which I have been led by conversing with many, — some the pretended friends, others the fixed ene- mies, of your coui'se ; and of the latter I may say, of yourself; Between settled enmity and indifferent friends there is little to choose, except that the former generally take the lead, and the latter become tools. Unless I am greatly deceived, the mem- bers of Congress may be divided into two classes, viz. : the avowed, determined, irreconcilable foes to the Administration on fhe one hand, and inefficient, lukewarm, indifferent support- ers, or rather apologists, on the other. The former wUl deal in denunciations, the latter in regrets. Violence will be most likely to prevail, and what the result wiU be must depend upon the moderation of the Opposition, rather than upon the modera- tion of pretended adherents. The facility with which those who ought to have sustained the Government, have not only yielded, but added to the unreasonable and factious excitement against it, — ^in many instances endeavoring, at least tacitly, to inflame the madness and increase the delusion of the masses, — shows how little justice is likely to be accorded to the Exec- utive by the community under existing influences. Every mass meeting has been one of the Opposition. Under such circumstances, it occurs most forcibly to my mind that the call of a convention, to be assembled under the advisory proclamation of the Executive, would not only neutral- ize and render harmless all the elements of opposition, and defeat the machinations of your enemies, but would even place you in such a position that they themselves, however loath, would be bound to sustain you, and to support your course and administration. Mr. Donelson is greatly in favor of such a call Digitized by Microsoft® 460 LETTEES, ETC. [1846. — SO is Gov. Tell ; and the idea is universally satisfactory, so far as I can learn, and will be advocated by every paper in the comity. Those who oppose it wiU be considered as opposed to annexation. I do not consider, however, that the measure of an- nexation is to be hastened or materially affected by the assem- bly of a convention. That body wiU be superior to Congress ; it will deliberate upon the state of the Republic ; it will submit the overture to the people ; it wiU probably frame a new con- stitution, and by proper provisions fit it to become the organic law, whether annexation shall take place or not. I for one should be glad to see the Constitution renovated. I believe that a much better one than the present can be devised. Fi- nally, I doubt not that the Convention, thus assembled, would provide effectually against revolution, and take efficient meas- ures for the continuance of the Government under the present Administration, until annexation shall be consummated, and the consequent changes follow in their course. The plan for a convention might be, to have one delegate elected for each county, and one additional delegate for every two hundred voters — making the Convention judges of the quali- fications of its members. The timely publication of your proc- lamation would prevent certain members of Congress from be- coming members of the Convention, at which I, for one, should rejoice. It is because I confidently believe that the suggested course wiU place you at the head of the nation, by position and the concurrence of circumstances, as well as by election, that I have submitted to you my views recommending it. The armed, or- ganized, and discipUned opposition to your Administration wiU thus' be prostrated ; and whether annexation finally occur or not, your course will be applauded, and yourself sustained. I beg you to accept these suggestions in the spirit which has produced the submission of them to your better judgment, from your obedient servant and friend, EBECirEZEE Alien. To His Excellency, A. Jones. P. S. — I think that Congress, when assembled, (in the ab- sence of the call of a convention,) wUl assume conventional powers, and appeal to the people to sanction their usurpations Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 4.QI and adopt their acts. A wise, but bold and decisive course by the Executive at this crisis, in controlling the excitement, and turning the revolution, (for such it is,) to the permanent benefit of the nation, is what I desire to see successfully accomplished. \_Endorsement. — ^The Convention was called when this letter from the Secretary of State was written. I knew of the storm, for I felt its blasts all around me. Demagogues, ernissaries, fac- tionists, disorganizers, and personal and political enemies, all, all united against me ; and maiiy of my friends, Sam. Houston among them, quailed and stood stUl with very fear, or went 6ver to the enemy. — ^A. J.] [From Son. A. J. Donelson!] Galveston, May 6th, 1845. My dear See, — ^I addressed you a private letter on the 29th ult. from Houston, in reference to the suggestion made by some of your- friends, that it would be a judicious step for you to issue another proclamation, calling, on your own responsibility, a convention of the people for the purpose of hastening the de- cision of the annexation question. It was my object simply to assure you, if you concurred in that suggestion, that the official declaration made to me need be no barrier to the execution of the suggestion. It is my duty, however, in the spirit of candor and friendship which dictated that letter, to say to you that I am not now so sure of the expediency of such a movement. Mixing, as I have done, pretty freely with the citizens of this place, I have perceived that there is much prejudice on the sub- ject of the apportionment of the elective districts, and that there is a possibility of serious objection being made to any basis which the President alone, with the best intentions, might select. Under such circumstances, as you have called Congress, it would probably be the wiser course to await their action, and divide with them the responsibility of the plan which will be adopted. If you have not already issued this proclamation by the time you receive this, the doing so would gain only about a month in time — an object hardly sufficient to justify a risk on the score of discontent. Digitized by Microsoft® 462 LETTEES, ETC. [1846. K you have acted, however, or are of the opinion that you had better call a convention in the course of June, as I stated before, let not any official declaration made to me be a barrier, one way or the other. It is probable I may go to New Orleans with Gen. Houston, but I shall be at Washington a few days before the meeting of Congress ; apd in the mean time shall remain, with sentiments of great respect, your obedient servant, A. J. DONELSON. His Excellency, Anson Jones, President of Texas. P. S. — I have just discovered that I was under a wrong im- pression as to the contents of Mr. Allen's official note to me. Without referring to it, I had supposed, when I wrote you my private letter from that place, that he specified the propriety of calling Congress for the purpose of apportioning the represen- tation to the Convention. But I see that it is not so. It was iu verbal interviews that the idea was suggested, and hence it is said in my unofficial communications that this was a leading consideration in the call of Congress. But this is not material. What I said was only for your private consideration, and to show that I was sincerely anxious to see annexation accom- plished in the most harmonious manner. Yours, &c., A. J. D. His Excellency, A. Jones, &c., &c. [Endorsement. — Major Donelson's letter of 29th May re- corhmends the call of a convention : this revokes that recom- mendation. The change in Major Donelson's mind was made by Gen. Houston, whom he met at Galveston, who was toto codo opposed to the measure ; and many of his friends wrote to me and came to see me, to dissuade me from the step, and said Gen. Houston denounced it as revolutionary, «S;c., &c. I had acted in the matter, however, before Major Donelson's letter of 29th April, or this, came to hand. — A. J.] \From Son. J. W. Senderson.] HousiON, 6th May, 1845. Hon. Ajstson Jones : Deab Sie, — ^I have heard from some of your eleventh hour friends, (I mean Moore,) that you intended to adopt a different Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 463 course upon the subject of annexation, and issue a proclamation, recommendatory in its character, to the people, calling upon them to elect representatives to the Convention upon the basis you would recommend ; this I do not believe would be attended with the happy results he anticipates, and, as he seems to inti- mate, place you, instead of an opponent of anneiation, a first and foremost friend. Your friends have never deceived you/ and for myself, I believe your calling Congress gave them the fullest assurance of your desire to carry it out. I should, as one of your friends, prefered a sooner call, but never have doubted that you had reasons, and have no doubt that a calling a con- vention by you, under the sircumstances, will not, in my opin- ion, be a prudent step ; however, I am not disposed to inter- pose my opinions against yours in a matter of the kind, but I know everybody here speak of Moore's plan as that of a mad- man ; and since your proclamation has come out, calling Con- gress, every person has regarded it in but one light, as the proper way to dispose of the matter. I should not take upon myself the responsibility of fixing the basis, when it can be divided by the representatives of the people in a manner more to their satisfaction. The President is elected by the people direct ; but his is a executive office, and his election not had by that portion of the Republic who alone would have cause of complaint against a basis you would be bound to fix in justice to your friends. So I would have nothing to do with it, except in co-operating with Congress. Tour friend, J. W. Henbbbson. {Endorsement. — This letter, though bearing the signature and spelling of the Hon. J. W. Henderson, was written by Gen. Houston. The time, the place, the arguments, the allusion to Dr. Moore, all show it. It comes from the same parties who, a few months before, conspired to defeat my election. They would like to see my administration fail, but shall not. — A. J.] {From Count de Saligny.] New Oblbans, May. Mt deae Snt,— The " McKim " wiU be off in half an hour, and I have just time enough to inform you that I have received, Digitized by Microsoft® 464 LETTERS, ETC. [1845. five miautes ago, a letter from Capt. Elliot, dated Vera Cruz on the 9th. The House of Deputies of Mexico has declared ia favor of Texan, independence by a majority of 41 to 13. The Senate, where the Government is stronger, is considered per- fectly safe. It was expected aU would he done by the 11th or 12th, and the good tidings were to be taken immediately to Galveston by the French man-of-war "LaPerouse." MycoUeague, who intended returning direct to Texas by the " La Perouse," says he hopes he will be there by the 22d. It is therefore probable you will see him before this reaches you ; but, at all events, I think it better to write you. I would have come by the " Mc- Eim" were it not for fear she wUl, as usual, take seven or eight days to make the trip. It is more advisable, therefore, that I should wait for the " New York," inasmuch as she may get to Galveston before the " McEim," Besides, I must send the good news to my Government, and, as I have told you, the " McKim " sails in half an hour. Believe me, in great haste, very dear sir, truly yours, C. DB Salignt. Eia Excellency, Anson Jones. [Endorsement. — ^I have it now. Eureka ! — Annexation and independence. — ^A. J.] \From Son. D. S. Kaufman.'] Sabine Town, May 22d, 1845. To his Excellency, Anson Jones : Deae Sie, — By last Thursday's mail (a week ago) we re- ceived your proclamation, recommending the election of depu- ties to the Convention, and proposing the basis of its organiza- tion. The basis is just, equitable, and Republican, and for it you must and wiU receive the thanks of a large majority of your feUow-citizens. The country knows and appreciates your mo- tives. They know well that if Congress had fixed the basis, it would have been perhaps almost impossible to have secured a different basis frota the present one ; that amidst conflicts among the members, the great question of annexation would have been delayed, if not defeated. The general acquiescence of all the populous portions of the Republic in your proclamation, the Digitized by Microsoft® 1846.] LETTERS, ETC. 465 elections that will take place under it, the influence secured for your basis, and the delay that would ensue from its disturbance by the called session of Congress, make it certain that under that basis and election the Convention will be organized. Your proclamation was received here, and everywhere I can hear from, with the utmost enthusiasm. It has at once satisfied your numerous friends. * * * True, the basis may not suit some as well as that which Congress would have established ; but nevertheless it is founded upon the principles of eternal justice ; it suits two-thirds of the people, and will not be at- tacked. Tour course will secure the meeting of the Convention at least a month earlier than if Congress had met and proceeded to act [on the basis] on the 3d Monday of May. Tour course has given me more gratification than any thing which has transpired for a long time. It has confirmed every vindication I have made of your motives and course, and was a move equal to your veto of the seat of Government bill last winter. It was thought by some that you would have broken your head over that, but it redounded to your credit and ad- vantage, and your late proclamation will do the same ; indeed, it has done it already. ***** Ever sincerely and gratefully your friend, David S. Kaufman. [Endorsement. — Mr. Kaufman is as ardent and intelligent a friend of annexation as there is in Texas or the United States. If he is perfectly satisfied with my course, I think it must be right. — ^A. J.] [From Son. A. J. Donelson.] Galveston, June 1st, 1845. Deae Sie, — I send, under the same envelope with this, a re- ply to the note of Mr. Allen, respecting the protection expected by you for Texas after she accepts the terms of union proposed to her. This note was handed to me by Gen. Houston at New Orleans, where he and his family had arrived safely. An an- swer, founded on instructions from Mr. Buchanan, will reach 30 Digitized by Microsoft® 4:Q6 LETTEES, ETC. [1845. me, I think, on Thursday or Friday next, after the receipt of which I will visit you. Gen. Houston was to leave New Orleans for NashvUle the same day (last Thursday) that I did for this place. He made a speech on temperance, declined a public dinner, but accepted an invitation to address the citizens on the annexation question, which he did in a very satisfactory manner. His reception was flattering and cordial. He will proceed direct to Nashville, where he wUl find Gen. Jackson, in such infirm health as to create the daily anticipation of his departure from this, world. There is nothing new in the United States. All eyes are turned at this time upon Texas, and upon the negotiation iu- trusted to Capt. Elliot, which attracts attention, not because it is supposed to lessen the prospect of an early consummation of aimexation, but because it discloses the policy of the British Government, and exposes the weakness of Mexico. But I will not trouble you with speculation on this subject. As I will so soon see you, I reserve untU then all that I shall have to say until the meeting of Congress. In the mean time, desiring to be remembered to your lady and to Mr. AUen, I remain, very truly, your oliedient servant, A. J. DONBLSON. His Excellency, Anson Jones. [£!ndorsement. — In view of a rejection of the treaty of an- nexation, (1844,) and immediately after that event, I had deemed it a duty and a proper precaution to ask the protection of the United States. But I had at no time in view any thing but prospective and contingent protection, — ^not the aggressive protection sent ; and three days after this letter was written, (June 4th,) I issued my proclamation declaring Texas at peace with Mexico. — ^A. J.] [From Son. Eben. Allen.] f. New Washington, 5th June, 1845. Mt deae Sir, — I reached Houston on Sunday last, and soon after my arrival had a brief interview with Capt. Elliot, who was on his way to Washington with the propositions from Mex- ico. I would have returned immediately with him to Wash- Digitized by Microsoft® 1846.] LETTERS, ETC. 4gY ington, but he did not deem it necessary for me to do so, and I accordingly concluded to remain, thinking I might probably be as useful liere as there. I was somewhat disappointed ia as- certaining that his errand, although its import was understood in Houston, occasioned but little excitement there. The gen- eral impression, on learning the nature of the proposition where- of he was the bearer, was, " it is too late," accompanied in some instances with symptoms of regret. The election of delegates has come off since, and Swain, the anti-annexation candidate, has most probably been elected. The definite news or account of the election will, however, reach you in advance of this. I am persuaded that some unaccredited and informal (per- haps self-constituted and unauthorized) agents, acting in pre- tended behalf of the United States, are endeavoring to take advantage of the crisis to hurry us into hostilities with Mexico. I hope they may be disappointed, and that in spite of their ef- forts we shall at least be able to preserve peace at present, if not the RepubUc. The SuUetin, Picayune, and the Galveston News are exert- ing all their ingenuity, and concentrating all their bitterness in speculations and conjectures, and attacks upon the Texan Pres- ident and Cabinet ; but, so far as my observation has been able to extend itself, as yet, these attacks prove ineffectual. The Convention has been summoned, and the Administration is " rectus in curia." The Mexican propositions, as well as those from the United States, can safely and with all propriety now be laid before that body, and subsequently, with their approbation, submitted to the nation. UntU the terms from Mexico shall have been defi- nitely rejected, I cannot apprehend danger of attack from that quarter. In the mean time could any possible harm, disadvan- tage, or danger accrue from a proclaimed armistice, thereby securing temporary tranquillity, until the important matters pending before the nation can be acted upon ? Mr. Donelson passed in the steamboat to-day for Houston, but did not call here, leaving word, however, that he would be happy to see me at Houston to-morrow. Gen. Sherman, who returned from Galveston, is going up to-morrow to see Mr. D., who, as Gen. S. says, approves of a military occupation forthwith of the ter- Digitized by Microsoft® 468 LETTERS, ETC. [1845. ritory west of the Nueces by Texas, but not as Minister of the United States. I have only indirect news from Com. Stockton, who, in urging military operations on the part of Texas, seems to act through others, holding himself, in the mean time, wisely aloof. Under existing circumstances, I think that the policy of Texas should, for the present, be peaceful ; and such a course, I trust, the nation wiU approve. Gen. Sherman has been strongly urged by the reckless agitators m this vicinity and at Galveston to call out the militia, and commence hostilities against Mexico, vsdthout regard to the approval or disapproval of the Executive. But I have no idea that he can be per- suaded into so reckless a measure. To secure peace, to submit all propositions affecting the in- terests of the nation to the calm consideration and decision of the people through their delegates, to restrain, if practicable, the current of events within the natural channel of causes and effects, until they shall produce their appropriate results in due time, is aU that can be done by the Government. And then, whether the destiny of the nation shall be of weal or woe, the Executive is free from censure. I had come to the determination to proceed forthwith to Washington with Major Donelson ; but, upon further reflection, have concluded to wait a few days longer, believing you would cause me to be informed if my presence were necessary. With great respect, I remain your friend and obt. servant, Ebbn. Allen. His Excellency, Anson Jones. [Endorsement. — ^The suggestions in this letter are correct, in my opinion. I wUl not manufacture a war to please Mr. Polk. Commodore Stockton, through Dr. Wright, and Gen. Sherman, have received an emphatic No. The United States, I believe, have a good enough cause of war as against Mexico. Let their Congress determine. It is not my business to do so. — ^A. J.] \From Hon. Charles Elliot.] Galveston, June 12th, 1845. Mt dbae Sie, — I thank you kindly for yours of the 6 th inst., with the proclamation, and hope to get the despatches off to- Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 469 day by " La Perouse," in whicli case they will be in Mexico by the 21st or 22cl inst. I have a persuasion that the Ministers of the two powers will do aU -they possibly can to meet your wishes ; but, as I have already told you, I am greatly afraid that what has passed in Texas since the preliminaries were put into our hands by you, and the general and violent state of excitement here and in the TJnited States, may drive the Mexi- cans out of all complyingness of humor or trustfulness. The accounts yesterday from 'New Orleans are rife of immediate movement of United States forces, land and sea, to the Rio Grande, and a great deal of the Uke inflammable matter. You have done all that man can do for the peace, honor, and security of your country, and I wish, with all my heart, that your efforts may be successful ; but, as you justly say, it is impossible even to " guess " at results. We learn here that Gen. Houston has come out decisively and warmly in favor of annexation. I can- not beUeve it ; on the contrary, I am not without confidence that he may be laboring for the security of the country. The proclamation seems to have been a blow to certain par- ties here. It was hugely wished that you should do the work of provoking hostilities, and that somebody else should reap the advantage. Pray do me the great kindness to send me your message to Congress by express. Speed, at the present moment, may be of the last degree of consequence. I hope and trust that the country may yet be saved, but the dangers are very great. * * Tour most sincere friend and servant, Chables Elliot. His Excellency, Anson Jones, &c., &o., &c. [JEndorsem^nt. — ^The knowledge of the fact that the United States wished, and were trying to drive me to manufacture a war for them, appears by this letter to be known to others as well as myself. This is what Capt. EUiot alludes to where he says: "It was hugely wished you should do the work of provoking hostilities, and that others should reap the ad- vantage." — ^A. J.] Digitized by Microsoft® 470 LETTERS, ETC. [1845. [From the Same."] Galteston, June 13th, 1846. My deae Sib, — Since I wrote to you yesterday, I have been suffering so much pain in my side, and look forward with so much uneasiness to the necessity of waiting for the next trip of the " McKim," that I have resolved to avail myself of the last voyage of the " Wew York," and proceed to the United States as soon as I can. I should say, too, that I have received disquieting accounts from Mrs. EUiot about my dear little one ; and the worry of that thought would, I am sure, soon complete my discomfiture, and lay me down a very sick man. Publicly considered, too, I feel that my continued presence in this coun- try, under present circumstances, is rather hurtful than helpful. But if this crazy fit should pass away without overturning the nationality of the country, and with it the true and lasting in- terests of the people, Texas may depend upoa the fast friend- ship and assistance of her Majesty's Government for the accom- pUshment of a sound, honorable, and lasting settlement. It occurs to me that you would do well to cause copies of your proclamation to be forwarded to Gen. Arista, without delay ; for I am greatly afraid that the news he will hear of mihtary movements from New Orleans may lead to some sud- den outbreak. I should mention that I have suggested to Mr. Bankhead, that if the Mexican Government have any thing to say to you in the present attitude of affairs, and whilst I am absent, perhaps it would be better to make the communication through Arista. These warhke reports from New Orleans will of course reach Matamoros and upon the Norte. I think I shall suggest to Major Cocke whether it would not be better to let " Simpton," schooner, (now here,) run down to Corpus Christi at once, with some copies of the proclamation, and with in- structions to have some forwarded by the Mexicans to Mata- moros, as soon as possible. It may prevent serious difficulty. Kthe tone of your message to Congress, too, should be concili- atory towards Mexico, as I hope and trust it will be, I would venture to recommend to you to cause some copies of it to be sent into Mexico, as soon as you can. Some of the traders at Corpus Christi would readily take them on Digitized by Microsoft® 1846.] LETTERS, ETC. 471 Preserve the covintry, my dear sir, if you can, and with firmness, moderation, and prudence, (which you really possess in an eminent degree, most happily for this beguiled and be- wildered people, more to be pitied than blamed,) I have not lost all confidence that you wiU yet save them from what would be little short of their ruin. I have written to Mexico, in the strongest terms, suggesting complete abstinence from onward movement, let this Congress and Convention say what they may. The Mexicans had better leave the initiative in hostile proceedings to the United States, which will be no easy nor irresponsible task under present circumstances. I should hope they would pause -before they break up a state of peace between Mexico and yourselves. The proclamation is, I think, working sedatively already. I do wish that Judge Hemphill, and Lips- comb, and Butler, and some other of the leading and honorable men of the country, would prudently stand forward, and help the Government to save it from ruin. They might do so yet, and acquire undying honor, and the lasting gratitude of this people when they had returned to a state of sobriety. They are in a state of general intoxication now ; but, there wiU be sickness, and sorrow, and shame hereafter. * * * Tour most sincere friend and servt., Chaeles Elliot. His Excellency, Anson Jones, &o., &c., &c. [E.idorsement. — Time alone can show whether the predic- tions in this letter are true or not. I trust in God, however, that annexation may not produce the ill consequences herein predicted. But that Capt. Elhot expresses the sincere senti- ments of his mind and heart, in this letter, I feel perfectly satisfied. — A. J.] [From S. Z. Hbyle, Esq?^ Washington, June 21st, 1845. Deae Sir, — I enclose you letters and papers. A resolution was received from the Senate notifying you of the rejection of the "preliminary conditions," &c., and calling for copies of cor- respondence with England and Mexico, which I referred to the State Department. Respectfully, &o., &c., Stephen Z. Hotib. His Excellency, Anson Jones, Barrington. Digitized by Microsoft® 4:72 lETTERS, ETC. [1845. [Endorsement. — ^I advised my friends in the Senate not to reject or adopt the preliminary treaty with Mexico, but to suspend action, and let it go to the Convention for decision. This would have a favorable effect on our relations with the United States, and be just as regards Mexico. But the Senate are so much afraid of the people, they dare not do right. — ^A. J.] [From Son. C. H. Raymond^ New Oeleans, June 21st, 1845. President Jones : Dbae Sie,— I left Washington, D. C, the 21st ult., * * * but did not reach this city until the 16th inst. Since then I have been waiting for the " McKim." Gen. Jackson died on Sunday, the 8th inst. * * * Many of the newspapers are charging yourself (and Gen. Houston) with opposition to annexation. I have, when appealed to, and on all proper occasions, pronounced the charge untrue; and that a full history of the whole subject would vindicate your course in the enlightened judgment of all the world. * * * I have the honor to remain, with sentiments of the highest regard, your friend and obdt. servt., Chas. H. Raymond. [From Hon. Wm. G. Cooke.'] Washington, June 21st, 1845 Mt dkae Sie, — ^The Comanche Indians (Santa Anna's tribe) will be in San Antonio, agreeable to appointment, by the 29th inst. I wrote to Capt. Hays that either the Indian commis- sioners or myself wotild be at San Antonio in time to meet them. As the commissioners have not been notified, it will be necessary for me to go to San Antonio ; my instructions to Hays not being explicit enough to enable him to make a treaty with them. If it meets your sanction, I would like to start to- morrow ; and would request some instructions from you in re- gard to the " talk " to be made them. Mr. Sloat thinks that he has traced the murderers of Homs- by and Atkinson to the Comanche tribe now encamped about fifty miles above Austin. I do not think the proof sufficient to Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 473 fix the crime upon that tribe. Indians are in the habit of gambling for arrows, and it is difficult to recognize one fish- hook from another. Mr. Sloat accompanies the superintendent, and will give you all the necessary information. I would come out myself, but am very busy in the office. I am, with much respect, your obedient servant, Wm. G. Cooke. His Excellency, Anson Jones, Present. [indorsement. — ^The murder of Hornsby and Atkinson, while fishing in the Colorado, near Austin, constitutes the only Indian depredation of the kind committed in Texas during my term of office. It was the result of a personal hatred and vow of revenge on the part of a Comanche Indian. The treaty with the chief, Santa Anna, completed the paci- fication of aU the Indians within our limits, or on our frontiers, who had been previously hostile. — 1846 — A. J.] [Treaty of Peace and Independence with Mexico!] (Vide Proclamation of 4tli June, 1845.) Memorandum of a conference held at the State Department at Washington, on the Brazos, on the 29th March, 1845, be- tween the Hon. Ashbel Smith, Secretary of State of the Repub- lic of Texas, and the Charges d'Afiaires of their Majesties the King of the French and the Queen of Great Britain, Mons. Saligny and Capt. Charles Elliot. After the communication to Mr. Ashbel Smith of the instruc- tions of their respective Governments, dated the IVth and 23d January last, the Representatives of the two powers invited the Government of Texas to accept the good offices of France and England, for an early and honorable settlement of their difficulties with Mexico, upon the basis of the acknowledg- ment of the independence of Texas by that Republic. The Secretary of State was instructed by the President to express the willingness of this Government to accept the inter- vention of the two powers. But in view of the much more ad- vanced condition of circumstances connected with the aflcairs of Texas existing now, than could be known in Paris and London Digitized by Microsoft® 4Y4: LETTERS, ETC. [1845. at the dates of those despatches, and adverting to the difficul- ties and risks to which this Government is exposed, from causes upon which he need not dwell, the Secretary of State was desired hy the President to press the urgent necessity that this Government should, as speedily as possible, be enabled to present to the people of this country, for their consideration and action, decisive proofs that Mexico was at once ready to acknowledge the independence of this Republic, without other condition than the stipulation to maintain the same. The Government of Texas, therefore, with a sincere desire to avail themselves of the proffered interposition of the Powers, have now authorized the Secretary of State to propose to their Representatives the following arrangement : I. The signature and seal of the Secretary of State, or any other minister of the Repubho of Mexico, duly authorized by the Government thereof, to be procured to the preliminary conditions now submitted to the Representatives of the two Powers ; and the Government of Texas pledge themselves, forth- with, after the same shall have been placed in the hands of the President, to issue a proclamation announcing the conclusion of the preliminaries of peace with the Republic of Mexico. II. Texas, for a period of ninety days from the date of this memorandum, agrees not to accept any proposal, nor enter into any negotiations to annex itself to any other country. The Representatives of the two Powers, sensible of the pecu- liar situation of the Government of Texas, to which the Secre- tary of State had called their attention, were ready, on the part of their respective Governments, to accede to the proposals he had now made, and pledged themselves forthwith to pursue their accomphshment. [l. s.] Ashbel Smith. [i. s.] A. DE Samgstt. [l. s.] Chaeles Elliot. Conditions preliminary to a Treaty of Peace ietioeen Mexico and Texas. 1st. Mexico agrees to acknowledge the independence of Texas. 2d. Texas agrees that she will stipulate in the treaty not to annex herself or become subject to any country whatever. 3d. Limits and other conditions to be matter of arrange- ment in the final treaty. Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 475 4th. Texas will be willing to remit disputed points, respect- ing territory and other matters, to the arbitration of umpires. Done at Washington on the Brazos, on the 29th March, 1845. [l. s.] Ashbbl Smith, Secretary of State. It is understood between the undersigned parties to a memorandum, signed this day, in relation to the affairs of Texas and Mexico, that in view of the representative character of the Government of the former, should the people thereof decide upon pursuing the policy of annexation in preference to the proposed arrangement with Mexico, then the Government of Texas wiU notify France and England of the same, and without any breach of faith, be at hberty to consummate the national will so expressed. The above memorandum was written by the undersigned Secretary of State, in reference to the "memorandum of the 29th March," and by him read and submitted to the Count de Salignyand Capt. Elliot, signers of the said " memorandum," for their consideration, ,^?•ew^0MS?2/ to the signing of the same. It was deemed unnecessary to sign the above, as M. de Saligny and Capt. Elliot declared their clear understanding that the Government of Texas were held only to the strict and specified terms of the "memorandum," and that if the people of Texas should express their preference to pursue the policy of annexation, instead of accepting independence, although fully recognized by Mexico, that then the President would be at fuU liberty to con- summate annexation to the United States without any breach of good faith. The undersigned stated to Capt. Elliot and M. de Saligny, that he himself should take note of the declaration now formally made to them. Ashbkl Smith. Washington on the Bkazos, March 30th, 1845. Mt Loed, — ^Having received certain information of a will- ingness on the part of Mexico to treat with Texas on the basis of independence, it has been thought best, in order to take ad- vantage of this favorable disposition on the part of the Govern- ment of that country, that Capt. Elliot should proceed without delay to the City of Mexico to press this matter to a conclusion with that Government. Digitized by Microsoft® 4Y6 LETTERS, ETC. [1845. Capt. Elliot has expressed a desire that, as his proposed visit to Mexico, when communicated to me, seemed, in my opinion, highly advisable and necessary, I would communicate this opinion of mine to your Lordship directly. I heg you wiU excuse the trouble I give you at this time, and accept the assurance of the esteem and very high considera- tion with which I have the honor to remain your Lordship's most obedient humble servant, Ansou Jones. To the Right Honorable the Eakl of Aberdeen, &c., &c., &c. Washington on the Beazos, March 31st, 1845. Executive Department. ) Washington, March 31st, 1845.) I certify the above are correct copies of the originals on file. Anson Jones. [From the Secretary of State.] Washington, Wednesday morning, July 2d, 1845. Deae Sir, — I have just arrived in town and had an inter- view with Major Donelson, who has just received a despatch from Mr. Buchanan, Secretary of State, &c. Mr. Donelson has concluded to go immediately to Austin, and is desirous of seeing you before his departure to-day. His despatch evinces a high state of excitement, not only among the people of the United States, but also in the Executive Cabinet, on the Texan relations. I trust it will be convenient for you to come to town and have an interview with Major D., before his departure for Austin this morning. * * * E. Allen. His Excellency, Anson Jones. IMidorsement. — ^The United States Government have heard I have made peace with Mexico, which disappoints them in their hopes of my taking the initiative in bringing on a war. " Jnde hcB laohrymw." Let thein howl. — A. J,] Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.1 LETTERS, ETC. 477 [^om James H. Wilson, £Jsq.] Philadelphia, July 6th, 1845. Hon. Anson Jones, &c. : Mt deae Sie,— * * * y^Q yesterday received the news of the unanimous passage of the annexation resohitions by the Congress of Texas. I can readily conceive the desire of annexation, and account for it, while Mexico was in a hostile attitude, but it really sur- prises me to see the unanimity with which the people preferred annexation to independence, when the latter was proffered on honorable terms. Very many intelligent gentlemen here have expressed to me their sm-prise. As an independent republic Texas would have been one of the most iaviting spots on earth, and increased in population and resources with astonishing rapidity. Now that her nationaUty is sunk, I don't discover any iuducements for settlement in Texas that do not exist in Mississippi, Louisiana, and the other southern States of the Union. To my mind it is a great misfortune that the treaty with Mexico had not been offered to the consideration of the people of Texas prior to the passage of Milton Brown's resolu- tions ; as it is, I thiuk the Texans have missed it mightily, and win probably find it out when merged and swallowed up in the great confederacy. Had I been in Texas I would have opposed annexation, had I stood alone in it. And in the history of Texas you wUl derive great praise from the good management which enabled you to submit to the people the alteynative of iudependence or annexation. * * James R. Wilson. [M'om Son. Wm. B. Ochiltree.^ AnsiiN, July 8th, 1845. Mt dbae Sie, — I think that by all means you should come to Austin with the Government at the earliest possible date. This Convention is mighty to do mischief. My opinion is that your enemies are actively, busily at work to undermine you. Mat- ters that every principle of preeedeut and propriety require should be carried on through the existing Government, are being arranged directly by the Convention. The reason given is that your Excellency has called them to the seat of Government, and Digitized by Microsoft® 478 LETTERS, ETC. [1845. that you are absent — ^that the Archives of the State Depart- ment are at Washington, &c. A letter, dated 30th June, by Mr. Donelson, to the Secretary of State, has been furnished by him to the Convention directly. This affords room for animad- version, &c. The western members are silent ; objections come from other parts of the country. * * W. B. Ochiltkbie. His Excellency, Anson Jones. [^Indorsement. — I will go to Austin in good time and crush this revolutionary plan — ^but not just now. — ^A. J.] [M-om Col James Morgan.} New "Washington, 12tli July, 1845. Mt deae Sie, — * * * WeU., you have headed them again ! Your proclamation came like a clap of thunder upon some folks. Gen. S. (Sherman) was on his way to Washington, and met it at Hamlin's ; he returned forthwith home, but went up again during the session of Congress; could do nothing, however, he tells me. He was disappointed — greatly so, and thinks you humbugged him ! For my part I was willing to see him go ahead — and to the Pacific. * * Conquer another country if we could — again set up for ourselves, and let the United States have Texas and be d d ! for, as the Scotch nobleman said, " When they take my heed * * ." Now if Sherman had once got 2,000 men together, the Rio Grande would not have been the stopping-place (in my opinion). Some four or five of the Mexican States would most assuredly have fallen into the hands of the conquerors, and perhaps all Mexico. The old motto of " to the victors belong the spoils," would have been held good or put in practice, and there would . have been another new Republic formed, and held on to by the victors ; for an immense herd of adventurers would have followed in the wake and joined the standard of conquest. Ambition and self-aggrandizement would have been predomi- nant, and, as I have said befoie, bid defiance to any and to all Governments but that of their own formation. I further believe that it would have retarded annexation ! These, however, are speculations of my own brain, and may go for what they are worth. Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 479 No one appeared to me more upset by your proclamation than Com. S. [Commodore Stockton]. I met him at Galveston. We had an hour or more conversation. He was evidently dis- appointed. * * * J_ MOEGAN. His Excellency, Anson Jones. P. S. — July 14th. I have just seen the Com. M, [Moore] veto ! Much as I regret to see that veto, and did wish that " the cup might have passed," yet the veto, I must say, is un- answerable, and can't be headed. A disposition was manifested before Congress rose to aboUsh our present Government and establish one ad interim, I see — a sort of oligarchy, I presume, or rather anarchy and confusion; did not go down, though. Thank God there are those in the country who will " fly to the rescue," and stand by the Government as it is ; yes, a large majority too. * * * * * J. M. \From Oen. Edwin Morehouse^ Near Gonzales, I'Zth July, 1845. Mt deae See, — I have just arrived here from the far west, and shall leave for Austin during the day. I am nearly worn down with the ride from Corpus Christi. The people of the west feel gratified that the President put a stop on the Gen. Sherman & Co''s. intention of sending Texas troops for their protection. Two days before I left, an American, who had been sent to Monterey, saw Gen. Arista, and reports that there is no news or stir amongst the Mexican troops. It is all a humbug as to the Mexicans concentrating troops on the frontier. I have much to say, and am ready to report for business, should any thing be required. I may remain a few days in Austin. I would beg you would drop me a line if your valuable time would permit. * * E. Moeehouse. His Excellency, Anson Jones. [JFrom James L. Farquhar, JEsq.] OiTT OF Austin, 25th July, 1845. To his Excellency, Anson Joiras : Deae Sie, — I arrived at this place on the 23d instant, and I find considerable excitement among the members of the Conven- Digitized by Microsoft® 4:80' LETTERS, ETC. [1845. tion. * * * I am certain of one thing, that is, if you do not come up we will get into confusion. I write these lines, informing you of facts, as a friend, and I hope you will re- ceive them as such. Tou know your duty, and I believe it will be performed ; but I write to inform you of the excitement prevailiag. Many of your old friends wish you would come up. * * * James L. Faequhab. [From Son. Van Irion.] Austin, July 29th, 1845. Dr. Anson Jokes : Deae Sie, — Excuse me for interrupting you for a moment, and for this imposition upon your patience. I do so that you may be apprised of some of the intentions of the Convention, which I think merely experimental, ambitious, and highly dan- gerous to the good and the salvation of the whole country. I do so, because no good can arise from the proposed change, and that much evil will foUow as the natural result. And be- lieving and knowing that it is your intention that the wiU and wish of the people shall be regarded, and finally and successfully carried into effect upon the great measure of annexation, I feel it my duty to inform you, as the head of the present existing Government, of any thing that I feel satisfied will prove detri- mental to both the interest and good of the present as weU as the future population of Texas ; acting alone, as far as I am capa- ble, for the good of the country, and believing, as I do, that much harm and injury may result to it, if this project should succeed and be carried by the Convention. I hope you will excuse this intrusion. From what I have seen, I believe it is the intention of some of the members of the Convention to make an attempt to de- stroy and abolish the present existing Government, and to estab- lish in its stead one of a provisional character. To my surprise and astonishment, I find that some of the most distinguished and able members of this body are inclined to favor the meas- ure. I shall do aU I can to defeat it ; and shall denounce any project of the kind both here and elsewhere. I feel it my duty, and thus feeling, I shall oppose it with all my might. I do not Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 481 now know to what extent this idea of change and revolution prevails, though it is my opinion that there is a majority opposed at present to any experiment of the kind whatever. You may have been apprised of these facts by some of your more intimate friends before this ; but as I do not know that you have been, I have taken the responsibility (without being asked) thus to address you. Nothing definite as yet has been done ; and the prime movers of the measure have made no show, and taken no ostensible grounds to carry into effect this darling of their fancy and their frenzy. They have been wait- ing your expected arrival at this place before they would com- mence operations, — though whether you come or not, the at- tempt wiU be made. I make known these facts to you, that you may act knowingly and advisedly upon this subject for the good of the country, and for the final and speedy consummation of the great measure of annexation. I am, &c.. Van Ieion. N. B. — Major Grumpier, the bearer of this, can give you, in detail, the facts relative to this measure. V. I. [Endorsement. — It appears, from the best data I can obtain, that there is a majority of from two to five or six in the Con- vention in favor of the measure alluded to by Col. Irion, and that Gen. Rusk heads the faction of disorganizers. — ^A. J.] [From Gen. G. W. Terrell.'] New York, July 25th, 1845. My deae Sie, — I snatch a moment merely to inform you I am thus far on my way home, after a tedious voyage of forty- three days from Liverpool. * * * * I learn, since my arrival here, that you have had stirrmg times in Texas. * * * p^gj Texas ! thy infatuated sons will yet have cause to weep over thy untoward destiny, when they shall behold the bright little star so lately culminating to the zenith of the political firmament sinking into the darkness of an endless night. Adieu, my dear Doctor ! — I hope to see you very soon. Thine truly, G. W. Teebell. 31 Digitized by Microsoft® 482 LETTERS, ETC. [1845. [Endorsement. — I pray God the gloomy anticipations of this excellent man and friend of his country may not be realized. I must do the best I can for Texas, and I leave the results in the hand of EUm who raises up and puUs down nations. — ^A. J.] [From. Col. John N. jSeguin.'] EioGKANDE, Julio 24de, 1845. Sr. AifsoN Jones : Mi querido amigo y hermano. Aun sin embargo de que nos ha separado una ausencia bas- tante larga la cual ha producido una suspension de nuestras amistosas communicationes ; hoy me encuentro conpromiso para escribir a mis amigos haria un agravio grande d mi corazon y a la fiel amistad que siempre nos hemos profesado ; si no le derigiera en esta vez mis letras. Se que V. es un verdadero Tejano amante de su Pais, — y por lo mismo bastante interesado en el bien procumunal ; bajo estos principios y conociendo yo, que la verdadera fehcidad de Tejas, segun el aspecto que ha tomado su cuestion'en el sentido general, consiste en conservarse independiente de cualquiera otra potencia, que no sea la do Megico. Esta, que ha conocido tambien sus verdaderos entiendo que le conviene evitar una guerra que acarrearian grandes de- vastos, por lo mismo esta resulta, a reconocer la Independencia de Tejas mediante unostratados a los cuales ses ofrecian por garantia (como yd. V. sabia) Inglaterra y Francia ; de suerte que si Tejas manda con comicionados a este Govierno sus pro- pocisiones ; estoy seguro que serian escuchados, y terminardn nuestras difficultades de una manera bastante provechosa para ambos Paises. Conosco la grande influencia que V. disfruita en esa y satis- fecho de su buen juicio, no he basilado un momento en dirigirme a Y. para que tome empenos en que esos habitantes se resuelvan en favor de las ideas que dejo manifestados. Deceo d V. la mejor salud y que disponga como guste de su afecticimo amigo y seguro servidor que L. B. S. M. Jtjan N". Seguin. [Endorsement. — Col. Seguin fought as well at San Jacinto as any man there ; but has been forced by bad usage to quit the Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 483 country, and, as is said, has turned traitor ; but I am unwilling to believe it. I think this letter expresses his true, sentiments, but it is unnecessary for me to reply. — A. J.] \Froiin Hon. Wm. £. Ochiltree.] City of Austin, 6th August, 1845. Mt deae Sie, — ^We have been very anxiously expecting you up for several days past, and your friends are much disappointed that you have not come. The Convention is rapidly drawing to a close, and I find the opinion gaining ground, that on the passage of the Constitution by the Convention it wLU. operate as a supersedeas of the present Government. I hope and trust that that party will not prove as strong as they now appear confidently to believe that they really are. If you were now here, your presence would do much to allay the feeling which a few persons are most industriously endeavoring to get up. I find many men busy in that behalf, from whom I little expected such a course. Judge L , Gen. D , Major B e of Galveston, are all much afiected. The Convention have not taken any final action as yet on any one of the pro- visions of the Constitution, though I think that we will be able to adopt rather the best and most conservative document which has been adopted by any of the Southern States for ten years past. A party are organizing here to atterapt to repudiate the colonization contracts : they will faU. When the debates are published, the people will ascertain that the contingencies of an- nexation have been very freely discussed. I hope that this scrawl will meet you on the road up. Col. Ward has quarters awaiting your arrival. Most truly, &c., W. B. Ochilteeb. His Excellency, Anson Jones. [indorsement. — ^This letter is important as showing how far the arts of emissaries had extended. I stayed, however, long enough from Austin to show I was not to be frightened, and' went tip there soon enough to save the country from anarchy A. J.] Digitized by Microsoft® i84 LETTERS, ETC. [1845. ' [JFrom Hon. D. S. Kaufmani\ Sabine Town, August 14th, 1845. His Excellency, Anson Jones : Mt DKiE SiE, — I arrived home on Saturda3^ * * Nearly a month and a hah" have I been detained on the road by a most malignant attack of the fever. * * I yfzs, gratified to learn from IVIr. AUen the other day that Mr. Lee had been appointed Secretary of Legation to the United States, and that he would act as " Charg6 " until my arrival. * * * * There is nothing new or interesting here. Every thing is as quiet as a summer morning. I was at Nacogdoches when the United States troops passed. Everybody admits that our affairs have been managed very successfully, and that the question of annexation was in a great state of forwardness when the Con- vention met. If they don't delay matters, it wiU. still be several months ahead of the prescribed time. * * I cannot learn where the old General [Houston] is. * * * David S. Kaxtfman. \Endorsement. — " I cannot learn where Old Sam is." He don't know " where he is " himself on the annexation question : so he is NOWHERE, unless he has " holed himself," or " taken a tree."— A. J.] \From Hon. Wm. G. Cooke.] Depaktment of Wak and Marine, ) Austin, 1st Sept., 1845. ) * * * I have just received a communication, with the enclosed proclamation of Gen. Aiista, from Major J. C. Hays. He states that nothing further had been heard from the Eio Grande frontier since his last letter to the Department. He is making rapid progress in enrolling the additional number of men required to fill his company. * * * * I shall leave for Corpus Christi on Thursday. * * Wm. G. Cooke. His Excellency, Anson Jones. Digitized by Microsoft® 1846.] LETTERS, ETC. 485 [FVom Ilajor Thos. G. Western.] Monday Evening. Deae Doctor, — * * * Arista's proclamation, address, or Avliatever it is, is translated, and is now in the hands of the printer. Pretty bombastical, as usual ; but there is more truth than fiction in some of it. They begin to " see the Elephant," but they dare not approach him east of the Rio Grande. If Uncle Sam really wants a fight, he must seek it west of that stream. ******* Since the bearer is going your way, I will hand for your perusal and approval a rough sketch of the instructions to the Indian Commissioners. Please say what shall be done with the Comanche prisoners we have. * * * * Thos. G. Western. To His Excellency, Anson Jones, Home. [From Hon. D. S. Kaufman.'] New Orleans, Sept. "Zth, 1845. Mt deae Sie, — Yesterday evening I arrived at this place. * * * Qjj ^jjg ^^y after to-morrow morning I leave for Washington via Mobile and Charleston. * * * I find the United States papers, in their arguments in favor of annexation, dwell much on the proposition of Mexico to ac- knowledge our independence. They aU think it strengthens their cause greatly. * * * Believing that the day is near at hand when your country will do you fuU justice for your inde- pendence and patriotism, I have the pleasure of subscribing myself ever your devoted friend, David S. Kaufman. His Excellency, Anson Jones. \Fro'm Son. Wm. D. Ziee.] Washington, [D. C.,] Saturday, 6th Sept., 1845. Mt deae Sie, — ^I arrived here on the 22d ult., and found nothing to my address in the Post-OflBce, and learned no news of Mr. Kaufman until Sunday evening, 31st ult. ; meantime, I had, unofficially, made the acquaintance of Messrs. Walker, Bu- chanan, and President Polk, as also of Mr. Ritchie of the Union. Digitized by Microsoft® 486 LETTERS, ETC. [1845; I was received cordially by these gentlemen, wbo all inquired particularly after Mr. Kauiinan, and the causes of his detention, but made no remarks which could be construed into any thing lite an objection to receiving him whenever he should arrive. I was not prepared consequently for what has occurred since. On Sunday evening, 31st ult., I received the communications from the Department of State of Texas, of 2d August, covering my commission as acting Charge, with instructions. On Mon- day morning, I wrote a note in the usual form to Mr. Buchanan, informing him of my appointment, and requesting an audience for presenting my letter of credence. Receiving no reply, I on Thursday addressed a duplicate, with precautions for its safe and immediate delivery. On Friday I received a note from Mr. Buchanan, acknowledging mine, and inviting me to call that day. I called at 12 o'clock yesterday, and immediately on en- tering the office of the Secretary, was informed that the delay in answering my note arose from the President's doubt whether he ought to receive me as the representative of a foreign Gov- ernment, and that the President had the matter under consid- eration, and it would be laid before the Cabinet to-day. Mr. Buchanan remarked that if the President did not re- ceive me in the capacity of Charge, he would have such a letter addressed to me as should be desirable, and expressive of the high estimation in which the President of the United States holds your good self, &c., and he would desire me to remain here, and act as agent of — I don't know what. I replied that the objection and proposal were both new, and unprovided for by my instructions, and that I could not see in what capacity I could hold any official intercourse here, except as Charge d' Af- faires. As no precedent existed within my knowledge, I would reflect upon the matter, and when officially advised of the Pres- ident's decision, would decide what course to pursue ; and, as our conversation was unofficial, I assured him I should be very sorry to embarrass the Government here by any discussion cal- culated to furnish weapons to its enemies ; and that I knew you would be equally desirous of avoiding any and all subjects and causes of difference of opinion ; that your zeal for the triumph- ant success of the true friends of annexation, and of the con- summation of the measure, could not be surpassed by any of its Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 4,87 violent advocates ; and as a proof of the cordial co-operation of yourself and Cabinet, I took the liberty of exhibiting to him the letter of instructions furnished me, observing that, although such a proceeding may not be customary, I could see no impro- priety in it ; and it was my desire that my intercourse should be marked by a spirit of unreserved frankness. Mr. Buchanan, after reading the instructions himself, remarked that they were perfectly satisfactory, and asked my permission to show them to the President, which I unhesitatingly gave, as I had no con- cealments from either of them. This morning, having thought over the matter, I called again on Mr. Buchanan unofficially, and represented to him what might, I conceive, be the probable consequences in Texas of this Government refusing to recognize me as Charge d' Af- faires. I told him, if he would refer to the letter of instruc- tions, he would observe allusion made to disorganizers, disposed to revolutionize and defeat annexation. " Now," said I, " the ground taken by some of these men is, that the acts of the Convention of 4th of July, adopting the basis offered by the United States for annexation, did destroy and abolish the Con- stitution and Government of the Republic of Texas ; and now, the President of the United States taking the ground that the same act of the Convention^ renders Texas part of the United States, and in consequence thereof refusing to receive the Charge d' Affaires of Texas, will directly aid these men in their mad projects, and furnish them with a weapon to assail the existence of the present Government ; and should the Conven- tion not have adjourned when the fact is known in Texas, the consequences may be more disastrous than any which have yet threatened us." Mr. B. observed that some of the northern press, he under- stood, had already commenced commenting upon my appear- ance here, and contrasting the acts of the Government in call- ing out militia and troops for the defence of Texas as part of the United States, while a newly arrived Charge was about be- ing received. I replied that such comments had not yet got beyond the columns of the iVew York Herald, and if it was newspaper attacks they feared, I was not ambitious of newspa- per notoriety, and my presentation might remain unnoticed by Digitized by Microsoft® 488 LETTERS, ETC. [1845. the organ here, (the Union,) and that the address dehvered by myself on presentation should be cautiously worded, and so might his reply. Mr. Buchanan then said that his own opinion was I ought to be received, and that his own opinion was di- rectly the reverse of that of the President. He would commu- nicate to the President the sum of my remarks, and acquaint me with the result. Mr. Buchanail informed me that Major Donelson had been recalled at his own suggestion after the announcement of the ordinance of the Convention of 4th of July, and regretted that Mr. Kaufman had not arrived here at an earlier day. I remarked, on the second page, that Mr. Bu- chanan said I would be invited to remain here, and act as agent of — "I don't know what." He explained, that I would be treated in the same manner as an authorized agent from any one of the States of the Union, and listened to as such. I re- marked that such an appointment, so far as my information goes, is unknown to the existing laws of Texas, and I know of no regular method of correspondence except through diplo- matic agents. He said correspondence could be carried on direct without intermediate agents. Having written thus far, I went out for the purpose of as- certaining, if possible, what was doing in the Cabinet, and now, six o'clock, have just returned. A friend, who appears to know, tells me that Mr. Buchanan of the State, Mr. Walker of the Treasury, Mr. Bancroft of the Navy, all spoke warmly. He says Mr. Walker spoke for an hour and a half' in opposition to my reception, and was replied to in an hour's speech by Mr. Buchanan. Others spoke, but he don't know on which side, and at four o'clock Mr. Polk himself was speaking with great animation. I am of the opinion that Mr. Buchanan and Mr. Bancroft agreed and stood alone. If so, I shall not be received. I should not be at all surprised if a sharp newspaper discus- sion grows out of it ; in which I shall of course not meddle, but wait instructions from you. * * * i have not permit- ted any remarks to escape me ; but every thing said and done here in Cabinet meetings seems to be immediately known, and I presume the public will be as well informed, and perhaps a little .sooner, than I am. The Government having sent militia to Texas, they dare not now recognize a Charg6 as from a for- Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. eign Government. They have now to stand to the ground taken in justification of sending militia out to Texas, and will, I think, insist that the act of 4th of July, in Convention, was the consummation of annexation, and, strange as this may appear, eight men out of ten here who discuss the matter take the same ground, and this is mostly the language also of the Democratic press. If they receive me now the Whig papers will have them on the hip, they think, and there is the rub. I have even heard such language as this : — If Texas is not now a part of the United States, the President is liable to impeachment for sending the militia there. The Whig press, with few excep- tions, give in to the ground taken by the Government, and the Intelligencer of this place, and the Courier <& Enquirer of New York, are almost the only ones who still make a show of fight. Sunday Evening. I have not been able to get sight of anybody to-day from whom I could learn whether the Cabinet came to a decision on yesterday. If they had done so, I presume the Secretary of State would have written me and advised me of it. Perhaps the President is waiting for the Attorney-General, who is ab- sent. They have been a week considering the matter, and I should suppose each one knows and has expressed his opinion by this time. After so much discussion among themselves, it win be worse than useless for me to enter into any with the Secretary of State if they decUne to receive me, and I shall of course only receive his letter and send a copy immediately to Mr. Allen, and wait further instructions here, cultivating friends ly relations in my individual capacity. I close this now ; but will write again the instant I receive notice of the President's decision. In the mean time * * * W. D. Lee. His Excellency, Anson Jones. I cannot detail a tithe of what has passed in conversation with Mr. B. I told him that the powers of the Convention were defined by the proclamation ; their acts must be sanci- tioned by a vote of the people ; they can reconsider to-day what they did yesterday ; and on the last day of their session annul all they had done, and adjourn ; and that no power of Digitized by Microsoft® 490 LETTEES, ETC. [1846. any sort had been taken from the existing Government. They, as well as the Convention, had invited the sending of United States troops to Texas. The best fight I possibly could make I made. I am sure he fought on our side in the Cabinet ; but, I fear, to no purpose. [From the Same^ Washington, 8th Sept., 1845. Mt deae Sie, — In addition to the reasons set forth in Mr. Buchanan's commiinication of 6th inst., why the President de- clines receiving a diplomatic agent from Texas, I am requested by the President to communicate to you the substance of a con- versation I had with him this morning. I was received unoffi- cially, but kindly and cordially, and the President, after express- ing his regrets that he could not comply with your wishes, by receiving me in a diplomatic character, went on to state, with great frankness, his reasons, which, as nearly as I can recollect, were as follows : After the acceptance, by the Convention of Texas, of the terms of annexation proposed by the United States, the contract was, substantially, executed, and in fact Texas is since then part of the United States. This is the ground upon which Major Donelson was recalled, and upon which rests the propriety of assembling the naval forces of the United States in the Gulf, and the ap- pearance of her land forces on our western frontier. Upon this ground the people and press of the whole country, with but few exceptions, now sustain the President in his course ; and in order that no new weapons may be furnished to the now smothered Opposition, and no vantage ground yielded, it is of the first importance to maintain the same position ; and the President is apprehensive, were he now to receive a diplomatic agent from Texas as formerly, it would be virtually acknowl- edging her separate nationality, and would reanimate the Op- position with hopes which they have now nearly given up. They could not prevail, but would offer a great deal of bitter opposi- tion, which they cannot do if the ground now held is main- tained. This ground will be maintained, and the President is of opinion that, except some individual burst of aboUtion indig- Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 491 nation, no opposition will be offered to the formal admission of Texas into the Union, and the acceptance of her State Consti- titution by the United States Congress. The President desired me to assure you of his sincere regard, and of his unshaken confidence in your cordial co-operation in consummating the measure of annexation. He assured me that he had given no credence to the calumnious reports of your opposition to the measure, and that Major Donelson's advices of your co-opera- tion had been highly satisfactory. The President desired that I would remain here and communicate with him freely upon aU matters as I would have done as acting Charge, and expressed himself as much gratified on my promising to do so, whilst wait- ing your further instructions, which I shall wait for in this city. Should you decide on instructing me to remain here in accord- ance with the desire of the President, I need not assure you of my cheerful compliance with your instructions. I am well as- sured, in the mean time, that I shall best meet your wishes, as I shall consult my own feelings, by cultivating a frank and cordial understanding with the President of the United States. I have sent to Mr. Allen copies of what correspondence has passed between Mr. Buchanan and myself, and trust that the course I have pursued will meet with your approbation. I can- not see that I could have acted otherwise than I have done, in the absence both of instructions and precedent. To have en- tered into an argument with Mr. Buchanan, after the question of my reception had been a week under consideration, and de- cided by the President, could not have accomplished any change in that decision ; and my own opinion is, that they cannot, un- der any circumstances, change their ground without giving great advantage to the Opposition. * * * 'y^^ d_ Lj,j,_ His Excellency, Anson Jones. [Endorsement. — It is a matter of regret that the next letter from Mr. Lee has been mislaid. In it he says, in substance, as follows : " Mr. Polk, Mr. Walker, Mr. Marcy, and Mr. Ritchie are excessively angry that you did not agree to the proposals made by Com. Stockton, and authorize Gen. Sherman to invade Mexico. They wanted you to manufacture a war for the United States." The letter as above was written about the 13th Sep- tember, and was very explicit on that point.— An-son Joistes.] Digitized by Microsoft® 4:92 LETTERS, ETC. [1845. [Second Midorsement. — Mr. J. C. Eldridge, formerly acting Secretary of State, who was sent on to Washington City in the summer of this year, informed me, on his return, of the deep anxiety expressed hy Mr. Polk for a war with Mexico. — A. J.] [Mem. — The next letter to this, and the most important in the series, as it clearly connects Mr. Polk and the Government with Com. Stockton, Mr. Wickliffe, Gov. Yell, and Mr. Donel- son in the attempt to induce me to get up a war with Mexico, is mislaid, but may perhaps yet be found.] N"oTE. — Nov., 1850. I met Mr. Wm. D. Lee, formerly Charge d'Aifaires of Texas near the Government of the United States, (acting,) in the city of New York, several times during this month, and had frequent conversations with him on the subject of his letter of the 13th September, 1845, now mislaid. He recollected the contents, and fully coroborates the fact as stated in the endorsement on the back of this letter. The pur- pose of Mr. Polk and some of his Cabinet to induce me to " manufacture a war with Mexico," and their deep disappoint- ment at my not complying with their views, was clearly and distinctly avowed by them to him, not once merely, but on re- peated occasions. — A. J.] [Semark additional. — March, 1853. It is but justice to Mr. Buchanan to say, I do not think he had any thing to do with the cabal who were endeavoring to drive me into an adoption of hostile measures with Mexico. If he co-opera;ted with them, it was from over-excited fears of English and French inter- ference, and in a mistaken view of the true position of Texas towards her enemy ; and also in entire ignorance of the ulterior designs of those engaged in " manufacturing a war."] [JFVom Oapt. Ben. McGulloch.'] Gonzales, Sept. 8th, 1845. To His Excellency, Ansou Jones : Deab Sie, — I received the message you sent by J. D. An- derson, and am truly sorry it will be out of my power to come immediately. Major Hays has requested me to assist him in raising' men, Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 493 which I have promised to do, and have -written letters to differ- ent sections, appointing a time of rendezvous at Gonzales on the 30th instant. In the mean time urgent business will call me to Matagorda, from ■which place I will return by the 30th instant, and will gladly receive any orders or communications you may send me at this place; inasmuch as I had already wrote letters to different individuals before receiving your message, I thought it would be better to go on and raise as many men as possible by the time mentioned, when you can make such disposition of us as will best suit your views. In the mean time I remain your Excellency's most obedient servant, Ben. McCuiloch. [From WiUiam Fields, Fsq.\ Anahuac, Sept. 14tli, 1845. Hon. AifsoN Jones : SiE, — * * * You recollect, soon after the annexation resolution was passed by the United States Congress, public meetings were held pretty generally throughout Texas, at many of which inflammatory and foolish resolutions were passed, threatening to do wonderful things if you did not act in the matter at such time as they might direct. We had an annexa- ation meeting on Turtle Bayou in this beat, at which, ready cocked and pruned, a set of resolutions of that description were ushered forth. I at once opposed them, as altogether out of place and useless, and calculated to do more harm than good ; stating that the power was in your hands, and they need not at- tempt to scare or drive you into measures, even if they had any evidence that you would not act as promptly as they wished, and that they had not. I succeeded in getting the resolutions voted down, and introduced a set myself, to which was appended a resolution, saying, that as a general expression of opinion favora- ble to annexation had gone forth from all parts of the Republic, we did not beHeve for a moment that President Jones would attempt to thwart the wishes of the people so clearly expressed. This resolution I could not get sustained, so we passed none on that subject. * * * I did not vote for you for President, because it was reported here at the time that you would oppose annexation, and that was of all others my favorite measure. Digitized by Microsoft® 494 LETTERS, ETC. [1845. Tour course in relation to the whole matter, however, has pleased me well ; indeed, no one can justly raise any objection to it. In fact, if there is any one man who deserves more credit than all others for briaging about this measure, you are that man. Especially do you receive honor for your course, if, as it is said, you are opposed to the measure — for while the whole power was in your hand to defeat it imder the provisions of the joint resolution, you have, with promptness, done all that was necessary to carry out the wishes of the people, your constituents. And iihe people will come to that conclusion when they have time to reflect, and come to the " sober second thought." * * William Fields. [JFrom Mc0or Thomas G. Western.] Camp, 5 miles above the Trading House, ) on the Beazos, I'ith Sept., 1845. ) Deae Sie, — ^It had been concluded upon by the Commis- sioners and the Indians to assemble at this place instead of the old Council ground, on account of the quality of the water. We have but forty Comanches in camp, inclusive of their chief, Mopuchuoopee. Bufialo Hump was left sick. Santa Anna had gone to war with the Mexicans, and Pahayuca has been pre- vented from coming by Mr. Wheelock ; this assertion I mate upon the authority of Col. Thomas J. Smith, who says he was told so by Wheelock himself, and until some other developments are made of the pernicious effects of Wheelock's intercourse with the Indians, God knows the extent of the injury he has inflicted. It has been proposed to send for Pahayuca, and wait here until he comes, but the Comanches here refuse to remain ; and I incline to the opinion, that so soon as the goods arrive for the presents, a talk will be held with them that are here, and the few of the other friendly tribes, and they will be dis- missed, and we shall probably return much sooner than expected. The Commissioners suggest advising the chiefs of the inten- tion of holding a CouncU again in three moons, December, when they may all be here, and I am considering whether it will not be too expensive. ***** Thomas G. Westeen, SupH Indian Affairs. His Excellency, Anson Jones. Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. • 495 IFrom Hon. D. 8. liaufman.] Washington City, Sept 30th, 1845. His Excellency, Anson Jonbs, President of Texas : My deae Sie, — ^I arrived here in excellent health on the evening of the 19 th instant, and although I have not written earlier any official or private communications, rest assured it was not from a want of incUnation. Every day I expected to he ahle to communicate something decisive in regard to my mission, but even now I cannot yet do so. Secretary Buchanan left here to-day on a short visit to Pennsylvania, and as I, hy your kind permission, extended to me through our esteemed friend Allen, will leave to-morrow on a short visit to the city of New York and my relations in Pennsylvania, I have con- cluded not to postpone writing any longer. My last, which is also my first, communication to Secretary Buchanan, has not yet been answered ; partly because in my communication I stated I would not ask a reconsideration of the question, and partly because my positions, sustained as they are by the new constitution that arrived here three days ago, are irrefutable. The Government took its stand when the excitement ran high here about a war with Mexico, when Gen. Gaines had ordered out the troops, and when the InteUigen- cer was pouring hot shot into the Administration about their sending troops into a foreign State. Mr. Walker confidentially remarked, that he regretted the new constitution was not be- fore them when they first acted upon the question. Mr. Bu- chanan was always in favor of accrediting me, as also Secretary Bancroft. I have taken occasion to vindicate you and your administration very fully to President Polk and Secretary Walker, and I am satisfied, to their entire satisfaction. The United States Journal has published two articles in regard to my mission, without my knowledge and consent ; the papers containing which I herewith enclose and send to you, as also this day's Union. When the first article in the Journal came 'out, I went to the editor and requested him to say noth- ing more on the subject; and yet, yesterday, he came out with another article as strong as the first. From the charge made against you and a portion of your Cabmet, in one of the 'New- Digitized by Microsoft® 49.6 ■ LETTEES, ETC. [1845. Hampshire resolutions published in yesterday's Union, you shall in due time be vindicated. Major Wm. D. Lee and myself have the same rooms ; we have been a good deal visited ; although, our quarters being private, a good many individuals have told us they would have called, but they did not know our quarters. The Minister of Prussia, Col. Thos. H. Benton, Secretary Walker, Gen. J. P. Van Ness, and Senator Hannegan, are among those who have called upon us. Everybody recognizes the legation except the Government, and they do in fact, but not in form. The United States Journal and National Intelligencer have an- nounced my arrival in this city as Charge, &c. Mr. Lee is an amiable, estimable, and talented young gentleman, and we are on terms of most perfect friendship. Although he did not, of. ficiaUy, reply to Mr. Buchanan's note, defending the course of the Texan Government, yet he only abstained out of delicacy to myself, whom he expected here every day ; and to Mr. Bu- chanan, in private conversations, he fuUy vindicated and justi- fied the position which he held by order of your Excellency. He is universally esteemed, ***** I shall wait here until I receive an official reply to my com- munication of to-day. Please write. * * * * David S. KAtrpMAK. [From Son. Jesse Grimes.] At Home, October 1st, 1845. Dbae Sie, — ^I have had the honor to receive your note of the 17th ult., but would not have troubled you with an ac- knowledgment of jovLi- favor, notwithstanding my gratitude for your attention and kind expressions, had I not had an ob- ject of some importance, upon which I am anxious to obtain your opinion. I allude to our State representation in the Con- gress of the United States. The la Grange Intelligencer is early in announcing its favorites for the Senate, and has ingeniously selected a ticket that will have considerable tendency to unite the East with the West, but this ticket will not suit, at least a respectable por- tion of the community. Texas has suffered sufficiently under Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 497 the profligate administration of the one, and the other has recently kept rather bad company ; — true proverb, that a man is known by the company he keeps. To defeat the machinations of a party (faction) whose course we both beheve to have been inimical to the best interests of Texas, it will be necessary to act understandingly and in con- cert. Gen. Houston is one whom the opposite party and our friends can unite upon, but who shall we associate with him ? He must not be clogged. If he has to carry weight he may be beaten. Your extensive acquaintance with the fittingness and popularity of the most prominent men of Texas has induced me to make the inquiry — Who shall we associate with Houston? In confidence, I expect to run for the Senate in this county. I have been solicited by many friends, who are of opinion I will h&ve no opposition, provided my name is announced at an early day ; but I shall not flatter myself with that prospect. Pardon the indehcacy, and permit me to ask : What is the strength of your own popularity ? Were I as well acquainted with other portions of the Republic as I am with Mont- gomery county, I would not impose the question. It may be somewhat gratifying to be assured that here your popularity has not diminished since the Presidential election, and I can further assure you that, in my opinion, if the names of Samuel Houston and Anson Jones were associated for Senators to Con- gress, no men who would oppose that ticket could be elected to the Legislature from this county. A word as to who would be a proper person for Representative would be acceptable to your friend and humble servant, Jesse Geimes. His Excellency, Anson Jones. [From Son. Wm. D. iee.] Washington, Oct. 20th, 1845. My dear Sie, — Since Col. Kaufman's official despatch to the State Department, of the 30th ult., he has been absent, having been to New York and Philadelphia, and is now at Carlisle in Pennsylvania. There has been no communication received at this legation from the Department yet, but I am daily expecting to hear of 32 Digitized by Microsoft® 498 LETTERS, ETC. [1846. the reception of my first letters to the Department and your good self! The opinion •which I then expressed, that this Government would persist in maintainiag the attitude it assumed towards Texas, has been confirmed by all I have seen or heard from its officers since that time. I was at the President's house this morning, but did not see Mr. Polk. His private secretary (a nephew) J. Knox Walker, inquired if any further instructions had been received by Col. Kaufinan, and I think those further instructions are looked for with a good deal of interest ; but still, I am decidedly of opinion, that whatever course may be pursued on our part, Mr. Polk will not recede an inch from his stand. Several Senators and Members of Congress have been here lately, and all of them whom I have spoken with think the Constitution of Texas wiU. be accepted, and Texas admitted without opposition, within ten or fifteen days after the question is fairly placed before them. There has been a number of inquiries made of me, by Texas merchants, as to the time when the United States revenue laws win be extended over Texas. I answered them all, that the United States Government could not extend its laws over Texas until the time fixed by the Convention, as the people of Texas, if they adopt the Constitution, Schedule, &o., will fix the time of the organization of the State Government as the time when Texas wiU cease to be a republic, and as long as she is a republic the laws of the Republic of Texas will prevail. I ad- vised them all to purchase their supplies of goods, withoiit any reference to change before the early part of February, which, I suppose, is the earliest possible time when Texas can be, either in fact or in form, one of the United States. . I was well satisfied myself, that no change could occur sooner ; but I have a curiosity to know Secretary Walker's opinion of the matter, as he was so certain that Texas was a State from the 4th of July. I put the Constitution, Schedule, &c., in my pocket, and called on him and asked him the questions which had been put to me. At first, he was clearly of opinion that Congress could extend the laws of the United States over Texas simultaneously with the acceptance of the Constitution, to take effect from and after its passage; but Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 499 when I called his attention to the sixth and tenth sections of the schedule, it was not so clear, and he took a few days to consider. He has not given me an answer. Whatever opinion may be entertained as to the power of this Government, I am very confident that the action of Congress will not conflict with the decision of the people of Texas. The formahties of estab- lishing coUectoral districts, &c., and sending collectors to those districts, will require as much time as our Legislature wiU re- quire after your proclamation issues ; and it would be found impracticable to hasten the matter, even if it had been left for Congress to fix the time itself. * * * * Mr. Walker is evidently the most influential member of the Cabinet, and, beyond question, aspires to the highest office in the nation. * * * Q-reat interest is felt here in our senato- rial elections. ****** I believe it is generally expected that Congress will take measures to get control of the public lands of Texas by pur- chase, or by a conveyance in trust from Texas, to be applied first to the payment' of our debts, and the excess of proceeds handed over to the State. * * * Major Donelson left here for Tennessee about ten days ago. * * * j believe he ex- pressed himself to the President in the same terms, in speaking of your course, as Mr. Polk told me he had done in his letters ; and you may rest assured that neither Col. Kaufman nor my- self faU. to vindicate you whenever we hear any question raised touching your measures. The Union is very shy of inserting any thing, defensive or offensive, of a personal nature. The article in that paper of the 9th, I claimed the insertion of, on the ground of defending you from an attack in its columns of the 29th of September. Mr. Ritchie did not object, and said he only noticed the resola- tions of the New Hampshire meeting, as they referred to the tarifij and really did not observe the attack upon you in the one which was noticed in the communication I took him. Mr. Ritchie is most particularly the devoted friend of Mr. Walker. * * * J jjjgt {lere, the other day, a brother of George W. Adams (formerly of Doswell & Adams). He belonged to the Kitchen Cabinet in Mr. Tyler's day, and says Mr. Tyler selected Major Donelson as Charg6 to Texas, solely for the purpose of Digitized by Microsoft® 500 LETTERS, ETC. [1845. bringing Gen. Jackson's influence to Lear on Gen. Houston, as he believed Gen. Houston would oppose annexation. Mr. "Walker's friends are jealous of all wto claim any credit for assisting in bringiag about annexation, and claim for him alone all the glory ; as you wiU see by the tone of most of the articles written for his especial glorification. He is very shrewd, and is likely to play his cards as well as any one. % * * * ReaUy the Convention behaved very well, and could not have been required to do more or less than they did. How pleased some of your Galveston friends must be. It would do one good to see them and congratulate them. When I passed through there, thty " had the thing dead." " You were to be coaxed and driven into abdication. The Convention was aU right — some of the delegates a little doubtful — ^but they were to be brought over — a very easy matter." What a triumph they had, and how easy they got it ! Well, here I am, scribbling upon the twelfth page ; you must excuse me, for my pen has run away with me, and if the quality of my gossip is not what it ought to be, the quantity will, I trust, be received as evidence of good intentions. * * * I write to the Department of State, sending a copy of Gov. Marcy's note on Indian Affairs. W. D. Lee. His Excellency, A. Jones. [From James H. Cocke, Esql\ CnSTOM-HonsE, Galteston, Oct. 20th, 1845. His Excellency, Awsosr Jones : Deae Sie, — * * * I iiave nothing new, except that on yesterday we received, per steamer "Monmouth," from Corpus Christi, a confidential agent of Mr. Walker's, Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, Mr. McFaprin. Immediately on his arrival, he presented himself to me, with his letter of instruc- tions from Mr. Walker ; the substance of which is, an inquiry of the amount of imports into the port of Galveston from the 1st April, 1843, to the 1st November, 1844, and also the amount from Ist November, 1844, to 1st April, 1845; wishing that such statement should describe the articles imported, the duties paid, and the country from which the importations were made ; and also inquiring what probable amount of merchandise has Digitized by Microsoft® 1846.] LETTERS, ETC. 601 been imported from foreign countries witli a view of being in- troduced into the United States without paying the usual du- ties to that country; to the last interrogatory I answered, None. In this matter T think the Hon. Secretary is a little ahead of the music. Should importations of this description be made to Texas, I am sure it will occur after the departure of this agent, as he is directed to report in person at Washington, on or before the 28th prox. This request of Mr. Walker's, being nothing more than is asked by agents of other nations, I promptly furnished the iaformation desired. Within the last three days we have had several arrivals of vessels from the United States, as well as two from Germany with two hundred and sixty emigrants. Other vessels are daily looked for, and we anticipate a brisk business soon. * * * James H. Cocke. [From Hamilton Stuart, Esq.] Galveston, October 20th, 1845. Deae Sie, — * * * * By tiie last mail I received a letter from Washington City, written by a sub-editor in the Union office, in which it is said I "may," if I "will," "be of vast service to the reputation of President Jones through the columns of the Union, as Mr. Ritchie desires to do him fuU justice, and would much rather aid in giving the public a favor- able than an unfavorable impression of his administration. The best way to do this is by frequent explanations of such of his acts and policy as have been attacked. A senseless hue and cry has been raised against him without the least knowledge of the condition of things in Texas, requiring him to act, as he did, for. the best interests of his country." The letter then urges me to write, or cause to be written, " a regular series of letters, reviewing the condition of Texas, the history of her political and international difficulties, and the history of parties in Texas also," which the writer promises to have published not only in the Union, but the leading Democratic papers of the Union in different States, which I am aware a hint from the Union office will procure to be done. ***** The great extent of my duties of various kinds here, tai my Digitized by Microsoft® 502 LETTERS, ETC. [1846. time so heavily that I have little time to attend to matters not closely connected with my business, or I should have been pleased to write you oftener heretofore upon matters of general concern. As, however, I could have suggested nothing that would have been of use to you, and as I have been lucky enough to guess your views upon a few of the most important measures that have come up, simply by supposing how a sensible man would thiak and act under the circumstances, I hope that no injury has resulted from the omission on my part. It is perhaps useless for me to express to you the respect and admiration with which I have seen you sustain your admin- istration, under the important and difficult circumstances ia which you have been placed. As high as was the station you fiUed, I did not envy it at the time when the denouement ap- proached — embarrassed and hurried as it was — of the delicate measures in which you had labored with so much caution and skill for the last three years. A clamorous pack have rushed in to devour the fruits of your labors, but an enlightened public opinion will yet do you justice, both in Texas and the United States. [V. p. 503.] * * * * H. Stuart. His Excellency, Anson Jones. [£Jnclorsement. — " Public opinion will yet do you justice." Not until after I am dead. Contemporary malice, jealousy, injus- tice and selfishness will prevent its being done sooner ! Yet, though " I am stricken, and my heart, like a bruised reed, is waiting to be broken," I have the high consciousness of having faithfully performed my great trust, of having " acted well my part " — a consciousness I would not exchange for all the world can give or take away. — ^A. J.] [From Major Joseph Daniels.^ Washington, October 22cl, 1845. His Excellency, AsrsoN Joistes, President, &c. : Deab Snt, — By the bearer I send you all that was received by maU, yesterday, addressed to you. General Houston is in town, and will probably leave to- morrow for the city of Houston. He expressed a desire to see you, if convenient to come in town to-day. Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 503 I have sent off all tlie archives, &o., with the exception of part of a load of trunks, &c. * * * * Joseph Daniels. [Mom Kon. J. A. Greer.l Austin, October 2Btli, 1845. Anson Jones, President, &c. : Deae Sie, — ^I have just time to write you that we all arrived here safe and in good order. Mr. Camphell is progressing as well as could be expected. There is great difficulty in getting lumher, &c. Major Beal, who commands the United States troops at this place, wishes to give you a salute on your arrival, if you can let him know a few hours before you arrive. The news from Corpus Christi is unimportant, — all things are peaceable in the West. * * * * J. A. Geeee. [SJndorsement. — "All things are peaceable in the "West" now ; but I see a cloud there, " now," no bigger than a man's hand, which wiU bring a tempest of war as certain as James K. Polk can carry out his plans. — ^A. J.] [From Son. J), 8. Kaufman,.^ Washington City, November 8d, 1845. His Excellency, Anson Jones : Deae Feiend, — ^To-day I have addressed a communication to the Department of State at home, advising Mr. Allen of my intended departure for Texas on to-day. I have taken this course out of the most friendly and grateful feelings towards yourself, and be assured that I shall ever feel the most lively in- terest in your private and political success. I have, on a thou- sand occasions, vindicated you, and always successfully, from the ridiculous charges that emanated from your enemies at home ; and I have no doubt the time is now near at hand when your countrymen wiU do you fuU and ample justice. For me to have remained here longer would have continued my government in its present unpleasant position in regard to my reception. Besides, Gen. Darnell wUl shortly be on here, and the Constitution could not be transmitted through me, — Digitized by Microsoft® 504 LETTERS, ETC. [18^K then it would be said there are three individuals in Washington at the expense of the Government, &c. — that Texas is poor, &c., and my remaining here longer would only injure both you and me. The Government here will never recede from its position ; it is indeed bound to maintain it. Although everybody else that I have conversed with consider Texas as yet independent, stiU the Government is bound to consider her in fact, if not in form, a part of the Union. Else how could she justify sendiag her troops into a foreign country, more particularly if by so doiag the country were to be involved in a war. A stern po- litical necessity has dictated the course of the Administration, and they cannot prudently and honorably recede from it. Al- though the arguments, or rather facts contained in my despatch to Mr. Buchanan, cannot be answered, yet they can be voted down in Cabinet meeting, and will be as long as they are pre- sented to their consideration. My departure will relieve the Government, my own (I presume) and myself from embarrass- ment. The papers in the United States continue to talk of the matter. The TI. S. Journal, the Charleston,,Mercury, and the Alexandria Mepuhlican, all stanch Democratic papers, disap- prove of the course pursued by this Government in regard to my mission. I have taken occasion, in a private note to the President, to recommend the civil oflScers of our Government to the consider- ation of his Excellency in regard to appointments in Texas. I have read with great pleasure the proceedings in Conven- tion, directed to the end of subverting the present Government of Texas, and with equal pleasure witnessed their total defeat. I cannot account for the course of Horton and Hogg. I intend to be a candidate for the United States House of Representatives, and wiU commence the canvass immediately on my return. Should I succeed, it would afford me great pleasure to endeavor to secure you a situation under the United States Government worthy of your present elevated position in our Government. Please write me at Sabine Town, and tell me all the news. Give me your opinion in regard to the tone and manner of my despatch to Mr. Buchanan, and I trust you will approve of my return home. * * * * David S. Kaupmah'. Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTEES, ETC. S05 [From Son. Fbenezer Allen.] Galveston, November 14th, 1846. Mt deab Sie, — Since my arrival here the enclosed despatch- es have cotae to hand. That from Mr. Daingerfield I have re- plied to in a hrief note, reiterating the instructions for his return, and that he bring along with him the archives of his le- gation, as well as those at London and Paris. It is most proha- ble, however, that he will have received and acted upon Mr. Smith's letter long before mine shall have reached him. Of the reasons assigned in Mr. Buchanan's note for the de- tention of the despatch at the city of Washington you will judge. Perhaps, instead of complainuig of the delay of that document, we should rather be thankful that Mr. Buchanan was so kind as to send it at all. Of course the letter addressed to Mr. Kaufman as " agent of Texas, &c., &c.," by Mr. Marcy, re- quires no reply, and in common with other measures adopted by Mr. Polk and his Cabinet in relation to the Government of this Republic, demands no present comment. Since my arrival at Galveston, I have done aU in my power to cause the collection of the revenue at Corpus Christi to be en- forced. I am told that another secret agent from Mr. Walker has arrived to-day. As to the object of his mission, I, as yet, know nothing. * * * ^N Ebenezee Allen. His Excellency, Anson Jones. [From Son. John Semphill.'] Austin, December 28th, 1845. Deae Sie, — ^I must apologize for not calling on you as I in- tended, and believe promised. The weather was so inclement that I postponed my departure from Washington untU the last moment, and in consequence had to forego the pleasure of seeing you at home. I send these hasty lines by Mr. Campbell, to let you know that the court will, in all probabihty, adjourn this week — say ten or twelve days at the farthest — so that, for the purposes of continuing the Supreme Court in session, it wiU not be necessary to fill the vacancies which wiU occur on the 22d of next month. The Court will have adjourned previous to that time; Digitized by Microsoft® 506 LETTERS, ETC. [1845. You expressed your determination to fill . up the vacancies by Executive appointment when we conversed on the subject. I will see you, I hope, before the time for action on the subject ; but let me say to you, that I think it would be advisable, for a variety of considerations, that your appointments of the Dis- trict Judges should succeed the occurrence of the vacancy at as early a day as possible. I expect to return to Washington immediately after the adjournment of the Court. Excuse the haste with whicji this is written, as I [am] much pressed with my official engagements. The news you will hear from the officers of the Cabinet, in fact there is nothing of interest. * * * * John Hemphill. His Excellency, Anson Jones. From. Son. William, S. Ochiltree^ City of Austin, Texas, December 28tli, 1846. My deab Sie, — * * * * j jeft Rusk at Crocket in one grand spree. I have never seen him so perfectly outrageous ; he seemed to have hydrophobia, and was snapping and snarling like any cur. Gen. Houston, yourself, and my humble self came in for no small share of his detraction and abuse. He had hitherto denied having any intention of censuring the existing Government by his course in the Convention ; but if there be " truth in wine," he is most deadly hostile to Houston and to us. His conduct was so outrageous there that I think that he most severely prejudiced himself; he abused old Isaac [Parker] in most unmeasured terms, Lumpkin also, — in fact every one who failed to fall down to worship him as the exclusive idol of Texas. I can easily trace his hostility to me ; it grows out of the inci- dents of a public meeting held in Nacogdoches during the session of the Court there, in which I most successfully and triumph- antly foiled a manoeuvre of his. Dr. Chalmers', and IraR. Lewis's, both of which latter gentlemen were present ; the particulars I will communicate when I see you. * * * On the subject of appointments, I think that the best plan would be to leave William J. Jones's district vacant, and I would most respectfully suggest Col. Lemuel D. Evans in Mills's district. I think him an honest man, a good lawyer, and the Digitized by Microsoft® 1845.] LETTERS, ETC. 50Y best man in that district. The appointment of some other man than Mills would be well, and I Tcnow of no man more worthy than Evans. I understand that Judge Hemphill denies the right to appoint. I would, however, appoint him. I hope to see you in a few days. * * * * William B. Ochilteee. His Excellency, Anson Jones. iFrom Son. G. W. Terrell.] Angelina, Nacogdoches, Dec. 18th, 1845. Mt dear Sir, — * * * * It is pretty certain that Rusk wiU be run for the United States Senate ; he has consented to do so. Tet he got into a big spree at Crocket and swore he would not run ; but when he became sober, like the Dutchman, " he changed his notion." * * * The people, many of them, through this county, are abeady becoming ashamed of the course they pursued towards the Government a few months ago. * * * * * * G. W. Teeeell. His Excellency, Anson Jones. [From the Same.] City of Houston, December 30th, 1845. My deae Sie,— * * * * Old Sam is here. We had a long and confidential interview on the subject of United States Senators : it is his opinion that Rusk will not suffer his name to be run when the crisis comes. He believes the Georgia faction have some hold on him, by which they are enabled to control his action whenever he is likely to run athwart their path. * * * My opinion is that the old dragon would like for your name to be associated with his. I remarked that I believed a great many of the people were becoming sensible of the injus- tice that had been done you in the late excitement that per- vaded the country ; in this opinion he heartily concurred, and e:^pressed the belief that these things would eventually be of service rather than an injurv to you. * * * G. W, Teebell. His Excellency, Anson Jones Digitized by Microsoft® 508 LETTERS, ETC. [1846. IFrom Major Joseph Daniels^ Austin, Deeember 81st, 1845. Dear Sie, — * * «; * j jj^ve nothing new of interest to communicate. Our city is very lively at this time, being the Ne-w Tear's Eve. We have a cotillion party, and a deputation of Major "Western's pets from the Ton-ke-wahs are here, most gloriously drunk. The United States troop of dragoons pa- raded our streets to-day in full dress. Col. Cooke has arrived from San Antonio, also Col. Hays. Supreme Court wiU prob- ably adjourn this week ; the Gail Borden case was continued. * * Joseph Daniels. His Excellency, Anson Jones. \From Son. Oharles Elliot^ New Oeleans, January 4th, 1846. Mt deae Sie, — I have this moment arrived at New Orleans on my way to Texas, and the accompanying note to Mr. AUen, with its inolosure, will place you in possession of my present business with your Government. I greatly regret that I am so indisposed as to be unable to go on by the " Galveston," (on the immediate point of departure,) but I hope to be able to pro- ceed by the " New York " in the course of a few days. In the mean time I have deemed it right to forward a copy of Lord Aberdeen's despatch forthwith, and I have begged Major Cocke to send it to you immediately by express. I trust that your health, and that of your family, continues to be good. Believe me, ever, my dear sir, very sincerely yours, Chaeles Elliot His Excellency, Anson Jones, &c., &c., &c. [Endorsement. — ^This letter concludes my correspondence with Capt. Elliot. I saw him in Houston a few days afterwards, and went with him to Galveston. On parting from him there, he renewed to me assurances of his perfect satisfaction with the manner in which I had fulfilled aU my promises to him, and with my whole conduct. I understood him to say the French Minis- ter, M. de Saligny, was equally well satisfied with my conduct. He uttered the bitterest complaints against Gen. Sam. Hous- ton. — A. J.] Digitized by Microsoft® 1846.] LETTERS, ETC. 509 [IVom Gen. J. P. ITenderson.] San AnGUBTiNB, Jafi. 19th, 1846. To his Excellency, Anson Jones : Mt deah Sie, — Tour last letter came to hand several days since. I have been for ten days, and am stUl quite sick, so much so that I can scarcely sit up. I presume, from what I see in the United States papers, that the United States Congress has finally acted upon our Constitution, and that we wUl soon be greeted by your proclamation. I learn from Judge Wheeler that you will probably call us to Austin on the " 2d of March," which, I think, is a good idea : we will then have lived just ten years as a RepubUo. I fear that fi-iend Judge Johnson is not as well qualified for the bench as our judges should be. He was for many years out of the practice before he came to Texas, and must therefore be " rusty." I admire him very much as a warm-hearted, honest man, and would like very much to serve him in any way I can, without neglecting any public duty. Since the receipt of your last I have had a letter from Judge Terrell, asking to be placed on the Supreme Court bench. If his health was better, I think he would make a good District Judge ; but I really think we have a number of gentlemen in Texas better qualified for the Supreme Bench than himself. I really wish that I had it in my power to give to him and friend Johnson comfortable places, with . suitable salaries. I have de- termined to name Hemphill, Lipscomb and Wheeler, for the Supreme Court. J. B. Jones would be my next choice ;- friend Allen would make an able Supreme Judge, too. I do not wish to make it publicly known that I have fixed upon those nomi- nations ; I feel somewhat at a loss in determining who should be made Chief Justice. HempHll is the present Chief Justice, and Lipscomb is the eldest man, and has been Chief Justice of Alabama. Either would satisfy me, but I wish them both to be satisfied. I am too sick to write more, but remain yours, very truly, Henderson. l^Indorsement, — ^This letter closed our correspondence. — A. J.] Digitized by Microsoft® 510 LETTERS, ETC. [1846. [3-om Gen. If. H. Darned^ San Augustine, Feb. 1st, 1846. Deae Sie, — I returned home on the 2Yth January. My trip has been one of considerable pleasure, though intermixed with some trouble and difficulty. I arrived in Washington on the 8th December, and immediately delivered my documents ; and I soon heard the adoption of the Constitution would meet but little opposition, and that it would be adopted at a very early day ; consequently I believed it would be unnecessary to communicate with you, for the reason that I expected to leave inmiediately after the matter was consummated, which I did, but attempted to come the northern route, which occasioned much delay in consequence of ice. I left Washington on the 2d of January and got here on the 27th. I found that Capt. Tod was ahead of me, and that you had received all the news when I reached New Orleans. I then made my way for the Red Lands. I expect to be in Austin on the night of the 15th instant, at which time I can give you more of the particulars of my trip. ******* N. H. Daenell. His Excellency, Anson Jones. \Froin Major J. H. Cocke.] Galteston, March 18th, 1846. His Excellency, Anson Jones : Mt deae Sie, — With much pleasure I received your esteemed favor of the 6th instant, dated at the City of Austin. I am aware, my dear sir, that you have less concern relative to your not being one of our United States Senators than that of the most sanguine of your devoted friends. We are not gov- erned alone in our feelings of friendship for you, sir, but antici- pated, from your late position towards the United States, to- gether with your great experience in public matters, much good would be derived from your perseverance, industry and labor in that body for the good of the State ; but, sir, we live in hopeSt * * * So, my dear sir, for the great satisfaction it wUl give your friends, you must pick your flint for a new fire. * * Jambs H, Cocke, Digitized by Microsoft® 1846.] LETTERS, ETC. 511 [Mom Thomas J. Farnham, Fsq.\ New Tokk, Sept. 11th, 1846. Mt deae Sie, — ^I sail to California to-day, via St. Thomas, Panama, &o. This Government has California ; and of course our expectations as to independence are at an end. I shall, however, stand to any chance for such an object, if presented. It would be well, perhaps, to send your friends over to act with me in any such emergency as might arise out of the premises. I shall turn attention to money-making, if the other and greater end cannot be made available ; and be ready at all times to act on Central America. Shall write you from Panama. ^ My books are all out of print ; I cannot get a copy. Tou shall hear from me on my arrival in CaUfornia. My best compliments to your family, the Ex-Secretary ol State and lady, and all friends. Mr. Bean's family are well. Yours very truly, Thomas J. Faenham. Anson Jones. [From W. B. Miller., Esc[:\ WASHiNflTON City, Sept. 2'7th, 1846. Mt deae Doctob; — * * * You have seen ere this that little or nothing was done for Texas during the last session of Congress, and I apprehend but little more may be expected in the future. There was not a dollar appropriated either for the Indians, the coast, or the frontier. The indemnity due us was perhaps not seriously thought of beyond the limits of our own delegation. That it will ever be paid, I think rather doubtful. There is no love for Texas among the Whigs and many of the Democrats. The late change in the tariff is attributed to the Texas representation; and the consequence is a most holy hatred of every thing Texan. This was manifested in the vote upon the proposition to grant the officers of our navy the privi- lege of commanding our late vessels. There never was a more shameful proceeding. * * * If Donelson were here, I would ask him to do me the favor to show me some evidence of the " magnanimity and generosity " of his Government, about which he made so many professions and pledges. * * * W. D. MiLLEE. Anson Jones. Digitized by Microsoft® 513 LETTERS, ETC. [185Y. [J^om the Same.] Washington Cut, Deo. ,9th, 1846. Mt deae Doctoe, — * * * The wants and wishes of our State, I apprehend, are doomed to disappointment in other things. The improvement of our harbors and rivers, and the erection of fortifications and light-houses, so broadly pledged, by Major Donelson to the people of Texas on the part of his Government, are not destined, in my opinion, to an early accom- plishment. * * * The President, I perceive, has not recom- mended any measures of this character to the attention of Con- gress ; and the antipathy on the part of the Whig party towards Texas is so strong, they will assuredly exert their strength in thwarting any attempt to do any thing, however just, in which Texas or her particular interests are concerned. But it is now too late to complain. * * * * y^ jy Millie. Anson Jones. [Z/etter to Commodore Tod,] [OOPT.] Washington, Texas, April 28th, 1857. Capt. John G. Tod, Galveston : My deae Sie, — ^Tour favor of 21st instant, with enclosures, came to hand to-day. I take pleasure in replying by first op- portunity ; and also to send to his Excellency, Gov. Pease, *he certificate you requested, as I do to-day. A copy of the certifi- cate I herewith enclose you for your early information. It is, I believe, sufficiently full, and I hope you will meet with no delay in receiving your pay at Washington. I do not see how a question can be made, as you probably have in your possession papers, which would, of themselves, constitute a sufficient voucher, independent of a certificate from me, or any one else. It is well enough, however, to be fuUy armed, as we both recol- lect the story of Lord Nelson's being refused pay for his eye, until he obtained the certificate of a surgeon that it was " out ; " and afterwards tendered a similar one that his arm was " off," when he went to receive his pay for that unlucky member. I am sincerely, and truly, and heartily glad that the officers of the navy of Texas have at length obtained relief, and at least Digitized by Microsoft® 1867.]- LETTERS, ETC. 513 partial justice ; and I accord to Gen. Rusk especially, and to all those who so nobly advocated the measure in Congress,, great credit for their efforts in this behalf. When at the North in 1850, '53 and '54, 1 embraced every opportunity which presented to advocate their claims, where such advocacy promised to be of the least service ; and I have omitted no occasion during the last twelve years to do the same. In the matter of annexation, the cause of these officers was, by no means, lost sight of by me ; but it was one of those " contingencies " of that great American measure, which, while its injustice was pointed out and admitted, could not be obviated at the time ; but, like many other things, had to be left to the magnanimity and the gen- erosity of the Government of the United States. ReUef should have come much sooner, and should have been yielded with a better grace — ^it should have been freely tendered, and promptly. It would have been more honorable to the United States, and more just and acceptable to the gallant men of our little navy. Texas was poor, and it was always a source of sorrow and mortification to me that they could not aU have been paid their just dues during my administration. But our treasury was exhausted — our credit gone — our frontiers threatened by savage and Mexican enemies, and it appeared necessary, absolutely necessary, for me to husband every dollar of the public money to meet the pressing emergencies, either present or contingent, upon which our very existence as a nation seemed to be sus- pended in uncertainty. Things have been changed. Texas is now rich, and so is the General Government, and these just claims of her naval officers have been too long neglected. I was ever the friend of these officers ; though I have probably been misunderstood by them, and, perhaps, often mis- represented by my enemies to them. But I took as good care of them as I did of myself, or better rather, and they are now far nearer obtaining reward for their services and sacrifice in the public behalf than I ever expect to be. I served Texas some ten or twelve years, almost for nothing, and in consum- mating annexation was, incontinently, " stricken from the rolls" without a cent, or a " thank you, sir," even. But I have not complained. The sacrifice was made freely and voluntarily. It is true " I am stricken, and my heart, like a bruised reed, is 33 Digitized by Microsoft® 514 LETTERS, ETC. [ISil. waiting to be broken," but after I am dead my services will be appreciated. Contemporary hatred, injustice and jealousy, will prevent an earlier return for them. But I am quietly at work on my httle farm, with one sound and one crvppled hand ; and my two boys, Edward and Charles, are now able to assist me in the daily labor necessary to support a dependent family. If we can have our healths, and favorable seasons, I have no fear of being able to get along quite well. I am, now, almost sixty years old, and consequently may expect to be "reKeuec?" before many days. I shall be happy to hear from you, and to know how you speed at Washington. And remain, as ever, your friend, AifsoN Jones. \From W. D. Miller, Mq.] Washington City, March 8th, 1847. Mt beae Doctoe, — * * * The Gen. (Houston) wrote to the President in the most thorough terms ; and took occa- sion to say, (which is of course private,) that if he should not return to the Senate, you would, and that he and Rusk would support you. * * * I am pretty confident you wiU get the appointment. * * * And, by the way, I must not omit to say, that it was expressly and emphatically stated to the Presi- dent, that you had made no mention or solicitation of that, or any other place ; but that the application was made in your be- half entirely without your knowledge. * * * W. D. MlIXEE. Anson Jones. [Prom the Same.] ■Washington, D. C, June 19th, 184'7. Mt deae Doctoe, — * * * * j^ could not have been otherwise than gratifying to you to receive a tender of the ap- pointment, whether you accepted it or not ; and it would have been a compUment to Texas from the General Government, to which she was pre-eminently entitled. But the examination at West Point is now in progress, and certain it is you have re- ceived no invitation. * * * I requested a friend of mine Digitized by Microsoft® 1847.] LETTERS, ETC. 515 and of Gen. Houston, who is on intimate terms with the. Secre- tary of State, to inquire of him, and if possible, ascertain the facts. He did so, and informed me that the Secretary at once assented to the propriety of making the appointment, and re- gretted that Gen. Houston did not leave a memorandum with him on the subject, so that he might, in proper season, have brought it to the mind of the President, who, he supposed, had forgotten the application. * * * ^^^ ^j^g f^^,^ jg^ Q^J. g^ate stands so low (certainly not above Arkansas) that it requires extraordinary influences to elicit the attention of the powers that be. She has but little weight now, and God only knows how much less it wiU. be when the prestige of annexation dies entii-ely away. * * * * * W. D. Melube. Anson Jones. [From Gen. Samuel JHbustoti.] HuNTSviLLB, October 18th, 1847. My Peiend, — You have no doubt seen that Mr. Tyler has again come out in a second letter. I will reply to a part of it only, and refer to you so as to give you a chance ; and so soon as my reply is published, I will send you a paper containing it. I wiU look with some anxiety for your notice of him. As a Ten- nessean used to say, I hope you wiU " draw your strokes fine," so as to make him sweet music ! He deserves well of his coun- try, and I know no man more able to render him a requital than Ex-President Jones. I wish it was in my power to transfer the whole matter to your keeping. I feel that in part I must pay him. I wiU preserve my good temper in my reply. * * * Samuel Houston. Anson Jones. [Mom W. D. Miller, Esq.\ Austin, November 6th, 1847. My dear Sir, — * * * * j tijjnt you are under no very particular obligation to any one at Washington City so as to arrest your " thunderbolt." You have it already forged, * * * and I think I would hm-1 it. * * W. D. Miijlbb. Anson Jones. Digitized by Microsoft® 516 LETTERS, ETC. [1847. \M-om Hamilton Stuart, JSsq.] Galtbston, NoTember 20tli, 1847. Hon. A. Jones : Deab Sib, — ^Tour letters for publication and private note reached me yesterday. The former will be cheerfully awarded a place in our columns. The latter was welcome and gratifying. I am glad to see you emerge so far, both politically and person- ally, from the seclusion you appear to haye courted since your retirement from a long and successful public career, traduced but triumphant — resting from your labors now completed, and with Uttle prospect that you or any other man in Texas wiU ever be again called upon to discharge duties so difficult, so re- sponsible, and so important to the State, or so far affecting the Union, the whole of North America, and the leading powers of Europe. The events you write of belong to the history of the age, and I am glad that you have come forward to vindicate the integrity of that history which so many are interested in per- verting. (V. p. 473.) * * * * jj. Stuaet. Anson Jones. [M'om Hon. Ashbel Smith.] Galteston, November 29th, 1847. My deae Sie, — * * * j ^j^ gi^^ yg^ have taken in hand to give the world the history of annexation. I trust you will do it fully, — ^that you will do it with great ability, I know : what I mean by fully is, that you will expose the means used by the Federal Government, the Executive, to induce the people of Texas to accede to annexation — ^the promises made by their authorized agent. Major Donelson, and never fulfilled by his Government ; the bribery and corruption of some noisy pohticians, by promises of office made to them con- tiagent on annexation by the secret agents of the Federal Government, Governor YeU and Mr. Wickliffe, and the sys- tem of detraction of the officers of our own Government for the purpose of destroying the confidence of the people of Texas in them. Of course I should not deem it judicious to introduce little personal details into the history of so grave a matter; but Digitized by Microsoft® 1848.] LETTERS, ETC. 517 that the solemn truth, in all its amplitude, should be given fear- lessly to the world. * * * * Ashkel Smith. Anson Jones. [From the " Western Texan" of Nov. 11th, 1848.] Ex-Peesident Jones. — In another column will be found a short but interesting letter from Hon. Anson Jones, Ex-Presi- dent of the late Republic of Texas, on the subject of the relative course of Gen. Samuel Houston and himself, iu regard to the annexation of Texas to the United States. We cheerfully give a place in our columns to this communication from the Hon. Ex- President, believing, as we do, that no man in Texas has been more grossly misrepresented and abused for his political course, than has this gentleman for his action in this " great measure of American policy." [The letter referred to above bears date October 19th, 1848.] [From the Same, of December 29th, 1848.] The Galveston Mews, in its editorial comments upon the letter of Ex-President Jones, which it republishes from our paper of the 1 7th ult., has, we think, been in some error. The editor says : " Some twelve or eighteen months since. Dr. Jones published in the Civilian a series of letters, with the avowed purpose of proving that the writer himself is entitled to the credit of having been principal agent in originating, maturing, and finally perfecting the great measure of annexation." Now we have carefully examined these letters, and can find no such avowal on the part of the author : on the contrary, he expressly states the object to be, " to defend Texas and her late Executive Government, as well as the European agents accredited to it, from the slanders of Ex-President Tyler," haviog been called upon to do so " through the medium of the public press," &c. In performing this duty, the Ex-President has, of necessity, been compelled to speak fully and frankly of his own acts, and we think the editor of the News will, upon reflection, be satisfied that he pays the greatest possible compliment to Ex-President Jones in the charge he now so strongly makes. Doubtless, in Digitized by Microsoft® 518 LETTERS, ETC. [1848. reading that gentleman's eixposS "some twelve or eighteen months since," our brother of the ITews was irresistibly con- vinced that the writer of that expose " had been the principal agent in originating, maturing, and finally perfecting the great measure of annexation," and now has unwittingly mistaken this " by-gone conclusion " of his own mind for an avowal made by the Ex-President. We cannot otherwise account for the mistake he has made. We are happy at last to find that aU the high-sounding charges made by the iVews against Ex-President Jones, of "" treason, bribery, and corruption," and the " high crimes and misdemeanors," — all the " alarming facts, astounding disclosures and developments," and all the " corrupt intrigues " of which he was sometime to be proved guilty, are now narrowed down by the News to the petty ofiences of "very bad taste," and a disposition to "appropriate honors which involve official du- plicity," by defending his country and himself when assailed. We think, however, that these charges, like the others, are very easily disproved, though perhaps hardly worth the trouble. Any one who wiU devote an hour to the reading of the Ex- President's letters in reply to Mr. Tyler, will be fully satisfied there is not a shadow of foundation on which to base the latter charge ; but that all his negotiations were conducted in good faith, and with the maintenance of the strictest , integrity, and we are not aware that the Ministers of England, Prance, or the United States, have ever charged him with " duplicity " in his negotiations with them. If, therefore, the parties most inter- ested bring against him no such " railing accusations," we see no good reasons for others to do so. At least we think it " in very bad taste," — quite as bad, certainly, as it is for a man to defend himself or country when wantonly assailed, which last embraces the other " charge " of the News against Ex-President Jones. But "cfe gustibus non est disputandum," and we pass to a matter of more interest to our readers. The News asserts what we have frequently heard' asserted before, that it was probably not in the power of any person living to have defeated the measure of annexation. We have procured a copy of the " official despatch," to which reference is made by Ex-President Jones in his letter to us, published a Digitized by Microsoft® 1849.] LETTERS, ETC. 519 few weeks since. We lay this before our readers, and, without any comment, leave it to their intelligence and good sense to judge whether or not, if the " order " (which we also republish) given to the Secretary of State by Gen. Houston, had been obeyed, annexation would have been completely and forever killed ; or if, under the cii-cumstances, which a compliance with that " order " would have induced, the United States had at- tempted to consummate the measure, whether a war with Eng- land and France combined would not have been superadded to that with Mexico ? These are very grave considerations, and we think them not entirely unworthy of consideration even at this late day. One word more to the Niews, and we take leave of the sub- ject. Ex-President Jones, in his message to Congress in June, 1845, and m his valedictory Ln February, 1846, has recorded the fact of his whole agency in the measure of annexation, and his individual opinions of the " terms " upon which it was consum- mated. The agency which he then asserted, and the opinions he then expressed in regard to " this great measure of American policy," are in no respect changed or modified by his " letters in reply to Mr. Tyler, or by any thing else we have seen from his pen. That very large and respectable portion of the public, therefore, who took the pains to procure the information which was placed within the reach of every man, were not " struck with surprise " when those very satisfactory letters were pub- lished to the world. [From the Same of January 12, 1849.] Annexation was a measure consummated by the Adminis- tration of Assoisr Jokes, with which Administration Gen. Hous- ton probably had as little connection as the remotest fisherman on the shores of Kamschatka, and thereby illustrated a pru- dence as great as the man in ^sop, who took refuge in a tree when his friend and feUow-traveUer was attacked by the bear who whispered to him " never to trust a man who would desert him in the hour of "danger." Gen. H. is an adroit tactitian, and the position he took in reference to the administration of Presi- dent Jones 'was so cautiously chosen that it would, [he thought] Digitized by Microsoft® 520 LETTERS, ETC. [1866. enable his friends either to disavow or claim the credit of the acts of that Administration, as those acts might turn out to be disastrous or fortunate. Certainly, he gave no assistance to that Administration, but did rather "assist the storm" by ■which it was so furiously assailed. [The Te'xan is perfectly correct in saying Gen. Houston had no connection whatever with my Administration. In October, 1844, 1 was apphed to by Col. Bee, and received suggestions from other parties friendly to Gen. Houston, to give the latter the mission to England, which I promptly refused. From that time Gen. H. assumed a neutral and then a hostile attitude to- wards me, both politically and personally. I also was applied to by him in person about the same time to allow him out of the contingent expense fund of the Executive Department some $800 or more in payment of an old claim he had for the " use of furniture" in 1837-'8. I had no authority to allow the claim, and therefore refused it. This was another cause of his enmity. — A. J.] [Mem. in 1857. — StiQ another cause has made its appear- ance recently. (V. Mem. for 14th August, 1856.) The state- ment made to me by Col. Wm. R. AUen, that Gen. Houston was bribed to remove the seat of Government to .the town of Washington, and that my taking it back to Austin had injured him to the extent of the bribe, &c.] [From the Galveston Tri-weekly News, March 27, 1856.] We publish to-day an article from the pen of Ex-President Asrsoif Jones, under the head of " The Anti-Catholic, Anti- Foreign, and Anti-Slavery Movement in the United States." The views expressed in this article are weU worthy of at- tentive perusal, and as they are expressed in temperate lan- guage, supported by good arguments, even those who do not feel convinced by them wiU regard them as an able elucidation of questions which have absorbed the attention of the country, and, for the time, swallowed up all other issues among politi- cians. The Anti-Catholic movement, of which the first number Digitized by Microsoft® 1856.] LETTERS, ETCi 52l treats, is already on the wane ; and the American party in several States have stricken it from their platforms. The infer- ence is, that, to this extent, it has proved to be wrong, or, at least, impolitic. Such is the interpretation to be placed on its abandonment by the party that started, and for a time advo- cated it ; for it is quite certain that opposition to Catholicism brought no small degree of strength to the American party. However, whether the Anti-Catholic movement is destined to perpetual death, or may again be urged, the article of Dr. Jones furnishes salutary counsel in many respects ; and not only on this head, but in regard to the others also, (which will appear in our next two numbers,) his remarks are calculated to cause all parties to reflect on the policy which may best be pursued, to remedy the evils in our social and political affairs, which many persons conceive to be of a dangerous character. Baeeington, Jan. 8th, 1856. I propose to submit a few remarks on the Anti-Catholic, Anti-Foreign, and Anti-Slavery movement in the United States, and the consideration of the proper com-se of policy to be pur- sued by those opposed to it ; and to treat each branch or di- vision of the subject, mainly in the order above stated. The Catholic Element in the country is politically, moral- ly and socially, sotmd and conservative, and I cannot perceive any danger from it in this free and enlightened community ; certainly no more than from any other prominent religious sect. If " Eternal vigilance be the price of liberty," it is doubtless right to guard with a watchful and jealous eye our religious freedom, " from all assaults of its enemies," — ^but there is net, in the past history of the Roman Catholic Church in these United States, or in its present attitude, any cause of especial alarm. And even if its hierarchy are guilty of an intention to usurp undue authority here, as charged by some, we can very safely oppose to any such insane and foolish purpose our free press and the universal intelligence of the masses among the American people. And if a free press and universal intelli- gence should prove insufficient for the defeat of such a purpose, (which I cannot for a moment believe,) we can then oppose the wel-known prejudices of eleven-twelfths or more of the popu- Digitized by Microsoft® 622 LETTERS, ETC. [1856. lation, against the Romisli Church, and the general dislike of it entertained by the Protestant sects. But it wUl be time enough to invoke the great evil and mischief of this dislike and of these prejudices, whenever the attempt is seriously made at a, usurpation of temporal, or even undue spiritual power, by the Pope, or any one acting under him. In the mean time, dismiss- ing all apprehensions from this source, let us take the matter out of the political arena, and leave to theologians, whose ap- propriate business it is, the settlement of those points of reli- gious faith about which they may differ, and the overthrow of aU the errors which may be entertained at Rome or elsewhere. Since the revival of learning in Europe, and for the last three hundred and fifty years, the once mighty temporal power of the Papal See has been steadily waning, imtU it has to-day become puny and feeble, depending for existence upon a fortuitous con- currence of circumstances, which may change to-morrow ; and there is at present much more probability of its losing all its temporal authority than of its acquiring any undue preponder- ance, even in Europe. But whether this be so or not, it can certainly never acquire such a preponderance here, in these United States, as to give reasonable cause of alarm. The idea that it can, is simply an absurdity. In Europe, the Greek Church, to say nothing of Protestantism, is strong enough to keep the Romish Church in check, if check were necessary, and in these United States, the Protestant Church, outnumbering it more than twelve to one, certainly can have little to fear from it. The religious doctrine and worship of the Romish Church may be destined to spread to some extent here, but this need es^cite no alarm, — our country is a free one ; perfect toleration is a fundamental principle of our Government ; and if our citi- zens choose to worship God after the forms of the Catholic Church, , it is thfeir high privilege, or duty rather, to do so. Taking the great mass of the American Catholics together, and they compare, as good, moral, useful, patriotic, peaceable, intel- ligent, and law-abiding citizens, very well with any other church membership of equal numbers. The only exception to this, as a general rule, is found in the fact that a portion of that Church consists of recent immigrants, who in some cases, perhaps in many, do not come up to this standard. This may be, to some Digitized by Microsoft® 1866.] LETTERS, ETC. 623 small extent, an evil ; but the worst remedy in the world for it is persecution. Better leave these to the wholesome influence of their better informed Catholic brethren, and to the salutary, though silent, teachings of our free institutions, gradually to assimilate them to the mass by whom they are here surrounded. Teach them — ^instruct them, and they and their descendants will make useM members of society, in most cases, — proscribe, degrade, and oppress them, and all other American Catholics with them, as the new order of politicians propose, and this slight evil, (if it is one,) instead of beiag gradually and surely and quietly remedied, will be suddenly and as surely increased a thousand fold. The best way for the State to treat Roman- ism, will be to do the same with it as she does with the Prot- estant sects ; that is, nothing, — ^let it alone. The history of the Christian world — ^its ijohole, history — ^may be cited in proof of the correctness of this course. This history teaches us that, as an invariable rule, our religion, in any of its branches, has never yielded to persecution ; and there is nothing in the present condition of the Catholic Church which would even seem to give a color to the probability that it might be made an excep- tion to this rule. Whenever Roman Catholicism bands together (as we have lately seen portions of two or three of the sects do in JSTew Eng- land) its 3,000 political parsons, and dictates to the Congress of the United States, in the name and by the authority of Al- mighty God, what it shall or shall not do, or commits any other act of equal atrocity, it will be time enough for legislative inter- ference with that Church ; or for a popular movement intended to take away from its members their political rights, ia viola- tion of the Constitution of the country. To offer to the oppressed and down-trodden inhabitants of Europe a refuge and an asylum in this country, with a guar- antee of equal rights and privileges, and then to interfere in any way with one of their most cherished ones, the right . to worship God according to the dictates of their individual con- sciences, would certainly seem to be but a mockery of hospi- tality, as well as of justice. The very savages of our wilderness, the true " N'ative Americans," would scorn to be guilty of such a shameful mockery. Digitized by Microsoft® 524 LETTERS, ETC. [1856. And I would here stop a moment to observe that these re- marks, and others of a cognate character which I shall have oc- casion to make, apply with more than ordinary force to this State. We not only invited our foreign population here, prom- ising them the fall and perfect enjoyment and exercise of every civil, political, and religious right which the Constitution and the laws guaranteed to all other citizens, but we urged them to come, and imduced them to come by oflfers of land. This, it is true, was at a time when Texas needed population for her own Safety as a nation ; but this, instead of diminishing, rather in- creases the sacred obligation which rests upon us, to fulfil the promises, in virtue of which the classes aUuded to were induced to leave home and kindred and native land, and to come and cast their lot with us. If Texas fails, in the smallest degree, to fulfil this obligation, she wUl deserve the severest reproach. From almost the earliest age of the Church, the difierence of creeds has been a fruitful source of manifold evils, and it would seem to be desirable that all should harmonize in one true feith, — ^it would certainly present a very happy prospect ; but of this there appears to be neither probability nor present possi- bility. We may, however, derive some satisfaction from the reflection that if we are to have a great variety of creeds, their very multiplicity, preventing an undue ascendency on the part of the advocates of any particular one, operates as a cheap and naltural security and guarantee for the permanence of rehgious toleration, as a distinct feature of our Government. If aU men were of one mind in rehgious matters, there would be no scope for toleration to ope^rate in. With us the reverse is almost the case, for hardly any two men agree on these matters ; hence, not only the necessity of toleration, but the beautiful propriety, as well as security, of its free and perfect exercise. Any at- tempt by the State to interfere with the Catholic faith, wUl be worse and more idle than an attempt to dam up the waters of the Mississippi to prevent them from seeking the ocean. The Abolitionist professes to believe that slavery is an evil ; the Know Nothing professes to a similar belief about Catholi- cism ; and doubtless among both of these classes there are many honest and sincere jnen. But Abolitionism has not, and wiU not benefit the North, — quite the contrary ; neither has it afiected Digitized by Microsoft® 1866.] LETTERS, ETC. 525 slavery materially, except to do injury to the special object of its mistaken zeal. So with Know Nothingism ; it has not and will not benefit the South, — quite the contrary ; and will injure the Protestant far more than the Catholic cause. But if slavery and CathoUcism be evils, (which I deny,) these opponents are utterly mistaken in the remedies they propose. They do not treat them as practical questions, as great fixed facts. They officiously meddle to no good purpose ; they mischievously the- orize and philosophize about " human freedom " and " human hberty " and " Papal supremacy " and " ultramontanism," &c., " pretermitting " the great fixed fact, that there are in the coun- try some three millions of slaves, and nearly a Uke number of CathoHcs, to he practically disposed of, not theorized out of the way. It is quite "too late" for these offensive systems of pseudo-philosophy and pseudo-phUanthropy, which only excite strife and anger, and contention and hatred, without any hope of practical good to result from them, either in one case or the other. If slavery be an evil, let those who think so show their earnestness and sincerity by putting their hands into their own pockets and purchasing all the negroes in the South, and send- ing them back to Africa, compensating the South also for the consequent depreciation of her real estate ; and if Romanism be an evU, let those who think so show their earnestness and sincerity by furnishing the evidence of Catholic error, and con- verting its disciples to what they consider the true faith. 27iis, in both cases, would be treating these subjects practically, as well as honestly and thoroughly ; and removing these " evils " of more than two hundred and fifty years standing among us, in the only way by which this end can be accompUshed, at least according to present appearances. All tampering with these grave matters, all political quackery and charlatanism, is better avoided, for these, whUe they cannot remedy, will be sure to irritate and inflame. Experience, that costly teacher, has al- ready proved this in regard to Abolitionism ; it is fast demon- strating it, very plainly, in respect to Know Nothingism. The advocates of both these isms are as unjust and erroneous in the objects they propose to themselves, as they are unwise and mischievous in the means by which they vainly aim to accom- plish those objects. Know Nothingism and Abohtionism prove Digitized by Microsoft® 526 LETTERS, ETC. [1866,' their inherent sameness and affinity by the well-known fact that almost everywhere in the North they have coalesced, and " like kindred streams heen mingled into one." The exceptions are barely sufficient to prove the rule. Both of them, appealing for support, separately or together, only to the passions and prejudices of the masses, are equally dangerous to the liberties, the happiness, and the prosperity of the people of the United States. They are mushroom growths, unhealthy, fungous ex- crescences on the body politic, more or less disgraceful to the character of our country, and should be opposed, with a view to speedy eradication, by all who wish weU to our Union, our institutions, and to the great cause of representative govern- ment in the world. In the mean whUe, and at all times, the philanthropist, the patriot, and the Protestant can find plenty of objects, and the most abundant scope for the exercise of his philanthropy, for his love of country and for his piety, without engaging in the foolish and mischievous schemes of the Aboli- tionist and the Know Nothing. The history of the past, that mighty retrospect of philosophy teaching by experience, is filled to overflowing with the details (sickening and sorrowful ones) of the great and manifold evils which mankind, in every age, have been aflBlicted with, from honest and sincere, though mis- taken and misdirected zeal. Its instructive lessons should not be lost upon us. The poeeign boeit element in our country, being Catholic in its majority, much of what has been before said of the one, will apply equally to the other. This foreign born element is one of vast importance, and presents some grave considerations to the patriot and the statesman of America. It has done much, so far, in the rapid physical development of these United States, as weU as in giving an impulse to learning and all the arts of peace on this side of the Atlantic. It has its minor attendant evils, as all great elements have, — those of nature not excepted. Properly used and treated, it wiU doubtless be of vast use and importance in aiding to work out to a successful and more speedy result, the great problem in which, as a nation, we are now engaged. Improperly interfered with, it is, doubtless, (and will grow to be more so,) potent for mischief both to itself and to us. Digitized by Microsoft® 1866.] LETTERS, ETC. 527 The tide of immigration to this country from Europe may, and must be suffered to flow on at a natural and moderate rate, until something like a relative equilibrium of population is pro- duced between the two. It is the interest of Europe and Amer- ica that this should be so. (I take it for granted that there is no man among us, who would advocate the policy characteristic of China or Japan, or the benighted colonial policy of Old Spain, and wholly exclude foreigners from our shores.) But this tide having now swelled, temporarily, perhaps, to over a quarter of a million per annum, needs, it may be, no farther stimulating, but rather restraining, — at least so far as to keep certain classes who have heretofore composed a part of this tide, back. "What this country now most wants is a respectable, industrious, agri- cultural immigration, to become the purchasers and to occupy, in part, our immense vacant territory. With this, and for its accommodation, we may, profitably enough, receive a due pro- portion of mechanics and artisans of aU descriptions, as well as professional men. Paupers, criminals, convicts, and idlers of all kinds, the sweepings of European towns and cities, being equally objectionable and injurious to the respectable foreigner and the native citizen, should be rigidly excluded from our shores. Our naturahzation laws should be respected, and rigid- ly and strenuously enforced. Means should be used, as far as practicable, to diffuse among those of the new immigrants, who may seem to need it, correct information in regard to the true principles of our free government ; that liberty might in no case be mistaken for licentiousness — that law and order might be made consistent with perfect civil, poUtieal, and religious free- dom. All pandering to this element, as a distinctive class, should be scrupulously avoided ; it should not be unduly flattered, on the one hand, that it may not be unduly abused on the other — that the misled and deceived favorites of election-day, with the " rich Irish brogue " and the " sweet German accent," may not become the vilifled and abused " bog-trjptters " and " sour-krout eaters " of the day after. Protect the foreigner in all his rights, and encourage him in the faithful performance of aU his duties. Put him on a proper probation, and in due time promote him to office, if he shows himself honest, capable, and faithful to the Constitution ; but never, never otherwise, both for the sake Digitized by Microsoft® 528 LETTERS, ETC. [1856 of the foreigner and for the sake of the native, who have an equal and a common interest in a proper administration of the Government. As a general rule, office will he most safely and appropriately conferred when it is given to the native born citi- zen, but there are many exceptions. Let no amount of noisy, or officious service at the poUs, induce any party to swerve from the line of action as now recommended ; for all, in their candid moments, will acknowledge its correctness. Do this, and there will be no use, or even excuse, for an American party, for we shall all be the truest kind of Americans — true to ourselves — true to the best interests of the country — true to the Constitu- tion — and true to our foreign born population. The claptrap about " Americans ruling America," which is now mere drivel- ling, would then become a palpable and an acknowledged ab- surdity, — a senseless jteration of a truism which nobody denied. It may be a question, how high the tide of a respectable im- migration to this country may be permitted to rise consistent with perfect safety to our republican institutions ? , The immi- gration for the last five years has averaged nearly 300,000 per annum; about one-fourth of these have, probably,, been children imder 15 years of age. By the well-known laws of mortality, I presume that portion of foreigners over fifteen years of age, five on au average 25 years. Our population since 1790 has nearly doubled every 20 years, ahd is, or will be,, in 1856, about 30,000,000. In 1 850 our foreign bom population was 2,240,000. Assuming these data as correct, and that the immigration to this country wiU be even 500,000 or half a million per annum, and the following will be the result during this century, calcu- lating approximately on an increment of 33^ per cent, for each ten years, viz. : In 1856, whole population : 30,000,000 Naturalized population 2,600,000, or 1 in 12. In 1866, whole population 40,000,000 Naturalized population 8,300,000, or 1 in 12. In 1876, whole population * 53,333,333 Naturalized population 4,480,000, or 1 in 12j In 1886, whole population 71,000,000 Naturalized population 6,000,000, or 1 in 14. In 1900, (14 years), whole population 104,333,333 Naturalized population 5,266,000, or 1 in 20. Digitized by Microsoft® 1856.] LETTERS, ETC. 529 And after the year 1900, the annual immigration of 500,000 woiild only be sufficient to keep up the actual amount of natural- ized population, while the relative proportion between it and the native population would rapidly decrease. I have left out of question all children brought to this country under 15 years of age, as I concluded all such, raised in the atmosphere of our free institutions and surrounded by their influences, forming their habits and political opinions here, may, for all practical purposes, and in all essential respects, be properly included among the American or native population. , But assuming, for the sake of illustration merely, that the immigration to this country should be one million per annum, (one-fourth of whom are children under 15 years of age,) and the following would be the approximate results during this cen- tury, estimating on an increment of 331 per cent, for five peri- ods of seven years each, and one period of nine years, viz. : In 1863, whole population 40,000,000 Naturalized population 3,450,000, or 1 in 11-J. In 1870, whole population 53,333,333 Naturalized population 6,108,333, or abotat 1 in 9. In 18'7'7, whole population 71,000,000 Naturalized population '?,'7'75,000, or 1 in 9 one-tenth. In 1884, whole population 94,666,666 Naturalized population 9,175,000, or 1 in 10}. In 1891, whole population 126,200,000 Naturalized population 10,276,000, or 1 in 12i. In 1900, whole population 168,000,000 Naturalized population 12,075,000, or about 1 in 14. And after the year"1900,the annual immigration of one mUlion would only be sufficient to keep up the actual amount of nat- uralized population, while the relative proportion to the whole would rapidly decrease. But of such an immigration, or such an increase, there is not a present possibility. From these figures it would appear, that while the relative proportion between foreign and native voting population is' now as one to twelve, if the immigration should at once increase to half a million a year, and continue to flow in at that rate during this century, it would at no time reach a higher proportion, and it would soon commence steadily decreasing until at the close 34 Digitized by Microsoft® 530 LETTERS, ETC. [1866. of the 44 years, the proportion of naturalized to native popu- lation would he only as 1 to 20. And assuming the immigration to he one million a year, the relative proportion would only go up to ahout one ia nine in the year 1870, from which time it would vihrate the other way, and descend at the end of the 44 years to one in fourteen. I should not suppose there need be any great danger apprehended from a respectable immigration, properly controlled, of the highest amount, as our native citi- 'zens would always outnumber the foreign in the proportion of nearly nine to one ; to say nothing of their general superiority in other respects, arising from their superior educational advan- tages, over the down-trodden masses of Europe, and from the influences of our free and happy institutions. Besides, it may be recollected, as another element of safety, that this population generally, are sincere haters of monarchy and equally sincere lovers of our free form of government. But again, if the immigration should be even 500,000 per , annum for the next 22 years, and then gradually increase to a million per annum for the succeeding 22 years, which is the very largest anjount of which there is any probability, or even possi- bility, the relative proportion of foreign to native voting popu- lation, would, at no time, even in this extreme case, be greater than it is at present, that is, one in twelve ; on the contrary it would constantly decrease. From indications which have presented themselves within the last year, it would seem that the tide of immigration is very clearly on the ebb, it being 60 per cent, less for 1855 than for 1854. The whole number of foreigners arriving the last year wiU scarcely exceed 180,000, and many are returning back to their native countries, — so that taking into consideration these , facts, and the ruling of the laws of mortality, it is probable there has been but little, if any actual increase in the foreign born population within the last twelve months. The surplus population of Ireland is well nigh exhausted, and the general war in Europe has required large numbers. Under all the cir- cumstances, it is not very probable we shall receive additions to our population from abroad exceeding 200,000 per annum for the next few years ; while the native population will be increas- ing at the rate of a miUion per annum and upwards, in which Digitized by Microsoft® 1856] LETTERS, ETC. 631 event the ratio of naturalized to native citizens at the end of the next ten years -would be only as one to sixteen. But the United States can " bide their time " in this matter ; they are gaining strength rapidly, and in twenty years at least, -will be able to receive and assimilate from half to a million of respectable, in- dustrious foreigners a year, of our own race and kindred, with- out the least danger of any serious shook to our institutions. If I may be permitted to indulge in a prophecy, I should say the probability is that during this century, the territory of the United States, should our Union be preserved and in peace, will contain between ninety and one hundred milUons of inhabitants; that is from 30 to 33 to the square mile. The hybrid and sav- age races of Mexico and Central America, whoUy incapable of selfgovernment, are destined, by the great laws of nature, to diminish rather than increase ; and the population of the United States will probably extend southwardly over the whole North American continent during the same period, (how much farther God only knows,) solving at the same time, in its course, the great problem of Southern slavery — the safety, protection and welfare of all these races, making this extension an absolute duty, and an imperative necessiti/. It may be very well in us to turn our attention now to the inevitable future of the United States, and to look this matter fairly in the face. But upon this branch of the subject, though greatly suggestive, I will not dwell. Strong objections are urged by the new party in pohtics to the " Isms " said to be entertained by some among our foreign immigrants ; but I do not see the great danger in these Jsms which that party seem to apprehend. The peculiar philosophy, the mysticism, the Utopian views of the German, — ^the social and Red Republican doctrines of the Frenchman, and the Irish- man's " hatred of England," — aU, when removed from the in- salubrious hotbeds of Europe in which they have been ger- minated, win rapidly decline, and wither in the cool and healthy atmosphere of American intelligence, and under the shade of American institutions. Certainly they can never take perma- nent root- in our soil ; and all those who apprehend danger from these sources may as well dismiss their fears. These pecuUar doctrines and feelings, however much excuse there may be for Digitized by Microsoft® 532 LETTERS, ETC. [1856^ them on the other side, whenever they have been enunciated on this side of the Atlantic, have only served to elicit ridicule and laughter. They belong, as experience has now abundantly de- monstrated, to that class of errors which Mr. Jeffeeson truly declared might be tolerated with perfect safety, so long as rea- son was left free to combat them ; and are as much out of their element here as Know-Nothingism would be in France, Germany, or Ireland. They will all vanish away in good time before the light of truth, and as naturally as the mists of the morning dis- appear before the majesty of the risen sun. In dwelling upon the supposed evUs which are to flow from the foreign element among us, the new sect of politicians steadily ignore the " thousand and one " advantages which the country has derived, and is deriving, from this element. These advan- tages are apparent to all who take the trouble to look at the matter properly, and I need not dwell upon them. I will only say that the immense physical development of our broad coun- try, within the last few years, has been mainly achieved by the sturdy muscles of this element. It has done at least the rough work in building our railroads, digging our canals, constructing our cities, and, to a great extent, subduing our vast forests ; besides introducing and putting in successful operation among us the various arts of Europe. It has brought capital to Amer- ica — capital that America needed. Saying nothing of large amounts, the small sums brought by individual emigrants, of from twenty doUars to one or two thousand each, make in the aggregate many millions. Should foreign immigration reach half a million per annum, and the immigrants bring with them, as estimated, $80 on an average, it would probably amount, with what is contributed in every way in taxes by those already here, to fifty or sixty millions annually, or enough to support our entire national Government. This population, this labor and this capital are all beneficial to our country, and I see no good reason for repelling them. The policy of government which in our case has worked well for more than seventy years, and which, having the authority and sanction of the sages of the Revolution, the most remarkable men the world has ever seen, and of the great men and patriots who have since occupied the scenes of their labors, has led our Digitized by Microsoft® 1856.] LETTERS, ETC. 633 country, with a rapidity heretofore unparalleled in the history of nations, to its present greatness, prosperity, wealth, happiness, population, and extent of territory, should certainly not be lightly and capriciously changed. On the contrary, it would seem to be the part of wisdom to " let well enough alone." The only two substantive attempts heretofore made to change it, one by the " AUen and Sedition laws " — ^the other by the " Hart- ford Convention,'' were indignantly repelled by the Amer- ican people. I shall be most unwilling to believe the present unnecessary and ill-timed attempt to change the well established, long tried, and eminently successful policy of the country, will meet with any better success. Slaveet, Catholic Membership and Foeeigst PoPtnATioN are, and always have been, three important elements in. our country. They are all perfectly consistent with each other, and with our Government and Constitution, and each in a greater or less degree, but all in an important one, may be made con- ducive, as they have heretofore been, to the general welfare. If either of them should be tampered with by political quacks, as neither wiU submit quietly to such interference. To attempt to arrest the natural and inevitable destiny and progress of either by external force and violence, would be as unwise as to attempt to control the great elements of nature, air, water, and heat. As wisely might an attempt be made, as already said, to arrest the mighty Mississippi in its course to the sea. All that can be done with that great stream, is to keep it in its appro- priate channel and let it flow onward, fulfilling its mission and its destiny : attempt to dam it up, and it overleaps its banks and spreads ruin and desolation, instead, as now, of immeasurable benefit to miUions. So with these, leave them to flow on quietly ; let them alone ; the Constitution and the laws, properly admin- istered and enforced, with the aid of a sound and sober public opinion, are aU sufficient to confine each in its appropriate and destined channel, which is all that can safely and wisely be done with them. They need no secret, immoral and illegal combi- nations, no " higher law," no extra judicial action or extra con- stitutional legislation. If the term of naturalization should need extension, extend it. Whenever the necessity for this arises, if it ever should, all Digitized by Microsoft® 5g4 LET'TEES, ETC. [1856 ■mil see and acknowledge it, naturalized as well as native, for, as already said, their interests in this respect are identical ; con- sequently there need be no difference of views, nor will there be any necessity for agitation. At present, however, the natu- ralization laws are well enough, and it would be madness to change them. They only need an efficient enforcement. The right to vote, and the right to be voted for, does not, by any means, carry with it the necessary qualifications for properly discharging the duties of office. These no laws can confer or withhold ; and it does not follow that because a man has a legal right to hold office, that office should be conferred upon him ; and this applies alike to native and foreign born citizens. Our native citizens have to undergo a long probation before they can hold office — ^millions of them, though this probation extends through a long lifetime, never have office conferred upon them, and, perhaps, never desire it. Our foreign born citizens, there- fore, cannot, and doubtless will not complain, if they are sub- jected to a similar probation, while they are in the full enjoyment of protection, and in the exercise of every right pertaining to American citizenship as fully as the native born. Our Government is strong, sufficiently strong to defy all ex- ternal force ; — ^the world iu arms would not be able to destroy it ; but it is comparatively weak, as it respects interned dissen- sion and violence. From within, and not from without, are we to look for danger. Like a massive, well-constructed arch of sohd and perfect masonry, no amount of pressure from with- out can crush it; but, on the contrary, the more superin- cumbent weight is put upon it, the firmer is the keystone and the whole structure held in place ; while, comparatively, but little force and pressure from within serve to loosen the key- stone, remove it from its place, and demolish the entire structure. Our reliance for safety must be, not so much in the inherent strength of our institutions against internal strife and dissensions, as in the intelligence, the virtue, and the sober judgment of the masses, which we should invoke to preserve us from the schemes of dishonest, wicked and aspiring demagogues, political or re- ligious, and from the dangerous effects of all wild fanaticisms, and the fatal consequences of blind, mistaken zeal. " Wars of religions and races " are the most dangerous, foolish, fatal and Digitized by Microsoft® 1856.] LETTERS, ETC. 535 destructive of all wars ; and the very approach to any such should be most carefully shunned and avoided. If our Govern- ment is destined to fall to pieces, it will be from some foolish or wicked internal dissension, some ism, like Abolitionism, Anti- Nebraskaism, Sectionalism, or Know-Nothingism. If it be, on the contrary, destined to stand until crushed by some external force, it will be as durable as our hills, as lasting as the eternal mountains of our country. I cannot but believe that a party occupying, in relation to these great questions, the ground I have thus attempted, how- ever feebly, to mark out, "would commend itself to the intelli- gence, as well as the cordial support of the American people. North and South, East and West ; wbUe it would at the same time best " protect, maintain and defend " our glorious Consti- tution and Union from the assaults of their most dangerous enemies — ^domestic rAcrioNS and iNXBRifAL dissensions. In conclusion — a few short moons ago " the waters of the great deep were broken up," and American principles were overwhelmed with a Deluge of isms. Night, and storm, and darkness settled upon the land. The Ark of the Constitution was deserted and abandoned by all except the Democracy and their iew faithful coadjutors ; every one else preferring to trust for safety to new and unskUful devices of their own formation. It is hoped that the agitated waters are now subsiding — ^that the fury of the storm is past, and that day is again appearing. Through this intervening night of gloom and peril, the Democ- racy North and South have been true to the Constitution, and thus proved themselves the only nationai paett either in prin- ciple or in organization. They have preserved the ark and its rich freight of priceless blessings to mankind, both from destruction and from profa- nation. I trust they will abate " no jot of heart or hope," and that they will not relax their efforts, their zeal, or their faith- fulness, untU the angry waters of agitation have ceased to beat against it, and untU it is again resting on solid an'd enduring ground. I see at this time no other security for the preser- vation and integrity of our Union ; and I devoutly hope these faithful efforts will meet the approbation of that superintending Providence which controls all events for the best, and that He will crown them with success. Digitized by Microsoft® 636 • LETTERS, ETC. [1855. KNOW-NOTHINGISM, &c. In 1854-'5, the disruption of one of tlie great national par- ties in the United States threw large reinforcements at the North into the ranks of Abolitionism, and revived the Native party, which, adding the religious test to its former creed, took the character of Know-N'othingism or Americanism, and two clouds, at first no bigger than " a man's hand," suddenly grew and increased, until they filled the whole political horizon South as weU as North, with gloom and apprehension. Corrected fi-om the Extra of July.SOth, 1855. [For the Texas Jtanger, Aug. 4i{A.] V. Democratic Resolutions in the same paper. The invisible new ism that is, according to the assumptions of its followers, to regenerate the pohtics of the country, has partly developed itself to the public, and so far as it has conde- scended to develop itself, consists only in "proscription of nat- uralized and Catholic citizens." Notwithstanding the unmean- ing platitudes and Pharisaical inanities of the "platform," "it hath this extent, no more." It has now been two months be- fore the country — ^has been expounded and explained by the apostles, aye, by the Brigham Young of the party, and these are the only distinctive features which it possesses — these the only recommendations to popular support. In other words, it is, after all the ettss, nothing but the Nativeism of 1844-'5, with the addition of the "religious test" of 1854-'5. * * * All admit, even the Know-Nothings themselves, that if these two great, solitary, fundamental principles of the party, or either of them, T^ere, in any shape, incorporated into a law, it would be a palpable, open violation of our Federal and State constitutions — a practical nullification of frequently expressed provisions of the organic law. It may, with equal truth and justice, be said, it would be a violation of the great principles of human freedom itself, upon which the framework of our State and General Government rests — a vast stride from civU, pohtical, and religious freedom, towards tyramiy and oppres- sion. Our political fabric might remain Republican in form, but its foundations would be marred, and it would be a prob- Digitized by Microsoft® 1855.] LETTERS, ETC. . 537 lem for solution, — how long it could survive, Republican in form, but tyrannical and oppressive in substance. "What, let us ask, has been the great, the stern, the mighty NECESsrrT, which has arisen within the last two years, connect- ed with the history of the United States, or the administration of its government and laws, for doing this great violence to civil and religious liberty, and for violating all the national pledges of good faith, under the guarantee of which some two or three millions of citizens are now naturalized among us ? — What ]srECESsiTT for resorting to the " right of revolution ? " — What NECESSITY for " euining " the Whig and Democratic par- ties ? What NECESSITY for a Know-N'othing party — or, as it is most falsely called, an American party — " Imcus a non lucen- do " we suppose — a kind of " stealing the livery of heaven to serve the devil in ? " What necessity, we say, has there been for all this ? Let us see. Two years since the Democratic party came into power, with a majority unheard of in any for- mer presidential struggle. Clay and Webster, the great lead- ers of the Whig party, died about the same time ; and the lat- ter, on his dying-bed, proclaimed — " The Whig party is no more ! " This immortal fiat was carried out — ^the Whig party dissolved its organization. A portion of sound, national, con- servative Whigs remained true to their great principles, — " the mourners that went about the streets ; " but the great mass at the North joined the factions or the isms of the day — the Free- soilers and the Abolitionists especially received powerful acces- sions to their ranks. Mr. Peeece had done what Mr. Jefferson said he did, — " For every officer appointed, I made one luke- warm friend and a hundred violent enemies," — and large defec- tions from the Democratic ranks, North, South, East, and West, were the consequence. The Northern disappointed or disaffect- ed Democrats, " and their name is legion," the Abolitionists, the Free-soilers, and a "more larger list" of factions, then cast about for some scheme to unite all these " odds and ends " to- gether, — the outs against the ins, — and finding " Native Amer- icanism " lying derelict by the wayside, they picked it up, re- vamped it, and, soon after, young, furious, rampant " Know- NoTHiNGisM" suddenly made its appearance. * * * The genius of a horrid secrecy was invoked, the whole operations Digitized by Microsoft® 538 LETTERS, ETC. [1855. of the party "were enveloped in a. fearful mystery, ■which shunned alike the light of day and the arbitrament of reason. * * * The country, though in the full tide of successful, happy, and peaceful progress, was " frightened from its propriety " a year or two since by the almost simultaneous and ubiquitous ap- pearance of this new, secret party, which sprung up, as it were from the earth, like a deadly miasm, and mildewed and blight-. ed all within its reach that was national and conservative. CuEiosiTT was excited, and this drew thousands within its fatal influence. Soon the cry was raised that this was an intincikle, NEW POWEE, which, right or wrong, was to take possession of the offices and the treasury of the whole country, and to be- come the dispenser of their honors and emoluments to the in- itiated ; and this drew other ten thousands towards it. Out of this morbid state of things, and not out of any political or social NECESSITY whatever, has Know-Nothingism been developed. It has swept the North like a sirocco, striking down, as we have already said, all national, sound, and conservative men, and playing the wildest antics. It spread to the South, too, and has produced some very strange political phenomena here. ********* If necessary (which we deny) to take measures to protect ourselves against foreigners and Catholics, there can be no ne- cessity for the formation of a national party for the purpose ; for our Government, our Congress, or our State Legislatures, are fuUy competent to take the necessary steps and adopt the requisite measures in this respect. Every municipal town has the power to exclude foreign " convicts and paupers " — the ex- odus from Ireland is now nearly over, — ^the surplus population of Europe (to a considerable extent) for the next five or ten years will probably be wanted as " food for powder " in the Crimea and elsewhere ; and that " raw head and bloody bones," the Pope of Rome, so far from making himself " our hery nex JPresidum," and assuming the temporal power of this ocean- bound and mountain-ribbed country of ours, is a prisoner at home to the French, and only able, by the help of French bay- onets, to control the Republican sentiment in his own petty principality, so far as to exercise his disputed temporal rights over it. Digitized by Microsoft® 1856.] LETTERS, ETC. 539 But going one step farther, and admitting, for the sake of argument, that it was necessary to do something in regard to foreigners and Catholics, and even admitting tliere were some grounds for a native party, was it at all necessary to resort to that extraordinary step of forming a secret, oath-bound party, and to an impenetrable, hermetically sealed up secrecy, — a se- crecy which finds no parallel except in the Society of Jesuits (of which Know-Nothingism appears to be a close imitation ?) — to a secret political party, which also finds no parallel, except in the Jacobins of France, who led that unhappy country, through oceans of blood and crime, to anarchy and then to despotism ; and all in the sacred, but desecrated name of liberty. * * * Individuals, benevolent associations, party men, and senates, have, it is true, their secrets, and very properly so. * * * This is all very innocent secrecy, and as far removed from the kind and degree of secrecy of Know-Nothingism as " heaven from hell." The secrecy of this organization is that of Loyola, of Danton, Marat, and Robespierre, and in ten thousand ways is dangerous to the liberties of American citizens ! But we are told the seal of secrecy has been removed. This is true only in part. A certain " platform " has been given us by the Southern wing of the Order, including two out of the sixteen free States. Members have been "permitted" to tell the name of the party, and each one for himself to declare his membership. But the secret councils are kept up — the lodges are held — the door of the wigwam is barred and bolted — ^the solemn oaths are still administered. Like the moon, we are sometimes "permitted" to see one side of it, the other is hid- den from our sight ; what may be there, we know not. When Know-Nothingism dissolves its councils and lodges, opens the doors of its wigwams wide enough for every one who wishes to come in, and be introduced to " Sam " without any oaths, other than all citizens have taken to the Constitution and the laws, then, and then only, this new-fangled party may claim that it is not a secret conspiracy, but an American party. America is the land of all others where the largest amount of civil and religious liberty consistent with order exists. It is the asylum and the refuge of the oppressed and down-trodden of all nations, tribes, and kindreds of the whole earth. Such it Digitized by Microsoft® 540 LETTEES, ETC. [1855. was intended and declared to be by the patriots, the heroes, and the sages of the Revolution, — an intention and a declara- tion which has been sealed by the blood of thousands of mar- tyrs. If we, the sons of those sires, have not degenerated, we wiU. maintain this holy cause against all comers. We wiU «.ot suffer the allegation that after the American Government had invited to her shores more than three millions of Europeans — ^ after she had induced them by fair promises to come, as the Egyptians did the sons of Jacob,— after we had made " hewers of wood and drawers of water" of them, — after they had felled our forests, dug our canals, built our towns and constructed our roads, we should, like the same Egyptians, proscribe them, and deny them an equal participation in the benefits of citizenship. Heaven forbid ! Our early fathers were mostly driven to this then wilderness by religious intolerance. The Know-Nothings now propose to do a like thing by the Catholics. Shall we take this step back- wards of two centuries or more ? Shall we dim the lustre of our " stars and stripes " by such acts as these ? Shades of our illustrious fathers, forbid it ! Viewing these matters, therefore, in the light now present- ed, we cannot perceive the least propriety, not to say neces- sity, for the establishment or continuance of this new-fangled party. On the contrary, we look upon it as the Grecian horse sent us by the enemy to destroy us. It has already produced a war of races and religions at the South, the acerbity and vio- lence of which far exceed all former party contests. " Divide and conquer " has always been a successful policy ; and the North, in pursuance of this policy, have sent this firebrand among us. Let us hurl it indignantly back to its source. " Di- vide and conquer " is " a game two can play at." Let the Ab- olitionists quarrel, if they please, with foreigners and Catholics, then, if a conflict should come (and there is imminent danger of one) between the North and the South, and they ask our slave population to join with them, as they propose doing, we will invite the foreign born and Catholic citizens whom they may proscribe to join us, and play off our " Farias " against theirs. This, it appears to me, would at least be more wise than to go to weakening our forces by dividing them. Most of the for- Digitized by Microsoft® 1855.] LETTEES, ETC. 541 eigners and all the Catholics everywhere are sound on the slavery question. We say, therefore, let the South be true TO HERSELF AND EEMAiN UNITED. We Say, as Demosthenes did to the Athenians, — " Why stand ye here inquiring the news from the enemy? Gan there be greater news than that a Mace- donian has made himself supreme arbiter of Greece ? " So with you ; the Philip who threatens to subjugate you is here ! The enemy you should fear is at your doors ! Beware of the Know-Nothing platform. It is a " whited sepulchre," and filled with rottenness, corruption, and fraud. In proof of this we cite two extracts only, others might be ad- duced. Section 2 of resolution 4 is in these words : " A tender and sacred regard for those acts of statesmanship which are to be contradistinguished from acts of ordinary legislation by the fact of their being of the nature of compacts," &o. This re- fers, of course, to the Missouri Compromise, and by necessary deduction to its restoration, and as a natural corollary to the repeal of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Resolution 12 has these words, after declaring the Know- Nothing party to have risen on the ruins of the Whig and Democratic ones: "And expressly pretermitting any expres- sion of opinion upon the power of Congress to establish or pro- hibit slavery in any territory, it is the sense," &c. A conven- tion of all the Southern and only two Northern States, preter- mitting an expression of opinion on the only open and practical question in connection with slavery, now distinguishing Free- soilers from national men, either of the Whig or Democratic party, — ^the power of Congress to legislate on the subject of slavery in the territories ! Our only wonder is, after consider- ing these clauses, that Abolitionists withdrew from the Phila- delphia " Grand Council." They should not have asked more in the beginning of this Sam-Ism from the veriest coward to be found south of Mason and Dixon's line. Anson Jones. ■Washington, July 28th, 1855. [Mem. — ^In addition to the above I wrote upwards of fifty articles for the Hanger and other Texas newspapers, in oppo- sition to " Know-Nothingism " and the various " isms " asso- ciated with it, omitting no opportunity to strike at the hydra Digitized by Microsoft® 542 LETTERS, ETC. [1866, whicli offered. For more than a year and a half I " slept in armor," and did not lay down my.arms mitU treason to the Union and the Constitution was prostrated in the dust.] [From Committee of Travis.] Austin, Sept. 28th, 1865. Ex-President Anson Jones : SiE, — ^The undersigned have been appointed a committee to solicit the presence of distinguished Democrats at the mass meeting of the Democracy and others opposed to Know-Noth- ingism, which will assemble at the city of Austin on Friday the 2d and Saturday the 3d of November next, to celebrate the tri- umphs over a secret, political, prescriptive organization. Recognizing you as a warm advocate of the constitutional rights and sovereignty of the States, of civil and religious lib- erty, and of equal rights to aU our citizens, whether they be such by birth or choice, we do, in behalf of the Democracy of Texas, cordially invite you to be present at the time and place, and for the purposes above indicated. We remain, with great respect, G. W. Paschal, A. J. Hamilton, T. S. Andeeson, Jas. Willie, A. W. Teeebll, R. N". Lane, John Marshall, W. S. Oldham, John W. Haeeis, S. O. Sneed, R. BEOwNEiGa. [Heply.] Bakkington, near Washington, Oct. 2'7th, 1855. Gentlemen, — ^Thanking you for your kind invitation to par- ticipate with the Democracy of Texas in celebrating the recent triumphs, and regretting that it will not be in my power to attend in person the proposed jubilee at Austin on the 2d and 3d prox., I beg leave to express to you in this, the only way permitted me, the assurance of my cordial approbation of the principles by which those triumphs have been effected over a secret organization, professing a new, starthng, and, as I think, dangerous creed. To a true American, nothing human can be more hallowed or more dear than the Constitution of his coun- try, and that civil and religious liberty and equality which it Digitized by Microsoft® 1855.] LETTERS, ETC. 543 guarantees to every citizen, whether he is one by birth or choice. There is, therefore, great cause of rejoicing, not merely at the success of our party, but of these great constitutional principles, for which, in adversity or prosperity, the Democracy have uni- formly contended and struggled, from the days of Federal " Alien and Sedition Laws " to the present time. In addition it is no less gratifying to reflect that the recent triumphs in Maine, Pennsylvania, Indiana, &c., give strong as- surance that the mad, foolish crusade of Abolition so fearfully reinforced last year and the year before, and so recklessly pros- ecuted, is about to be forever defeated by a cordial union of the Democracy, everywhere, North as well as South, and by that successful concert of effort and of action which such a union can alone secure. The morning of national deliverance from " ISMS " is breaking gloriously ; the clouds of fanaticism and bigotry are fast disappearing from the political horizon of our country ; and if the Democracy go on, as they are now do- ing, united and uniting, the patriotic heart of America wUl, in a little whUe, be relieved from the grievous load of doubt and fear, which, a few months since, oppressed it, and made to re- joice in a renewed hope that our glorious Constitution and Union having, finally, withstood every enemy they have or can have, and passed safely through the severe ordeal, are destined to be, as every patriot would desire, as lasting as time. I remain, gentlemen, very respectfully, your obt. servt., Ansoic Jones. To Messrs. G. W. Paschal, John Marshall, and others. Committee. l^From the Hanger of August 23, 1856.] We surrender a large portion of our columns to-day to this able and patriotic paper, and our readers wDl miss our usual variety of matter. Dr. Jones enunciates bold truths on the subject of African slavery, and takes higher groxmd in its de- fence, as well as in that of Southern rights generally, than we recollect to have met with before from any of our statesmen. The whole speech is replete with national and patriotic senti- ments, and will be read with interest, we presume, by men of all parties, and of every section of the country. Digitized by Microsoft® 544 LETTERS, ETC. [1856. SPEECH OF EX-PRESIDENT ANSON JONES, Delivered at a Maes Meeting of iht Citizens af Washington Cownty, held at the Town of Washington, July 2Uh, 1856. Fellow-Citizens ! Ladies and Gentlemen ! — Since I re- ceived notice of a desire, on the part of some of my friends, that I should address you on this occasion, I have suffered from ill health to a degree that I have been unable to make such preparation for this purpose as I could have wished, and as was due to you that I should have done. I therefore owe an apol- ogy, which I now beg permission to make in advance for my short-comings, and must ask you, in view of these, to take the will for the deed. Perhaps you would more readUy have for- given me, had I come to the conclusion to decline speaking altogether, leaving this duty to others more competent, and better prepared than myself; but I disliked to make a promise, as I had done, and fail of performance, however lame that per- formance might be ; and then I felt it a duty to say something an this occasion, so fraught with deep interest to the welfare of our common country, yours and mine. I feel honored by the attendance of so large and respectable an audience, com- posed of the intelligence, the chivalry, and the beauty of Old Washington and its vicinity, and, in aU humility, regret that I shall be whoUy unable to meet their reasonable and just ex- pectations. I must solicit your patience, (that of the ladies especially, whom I am most happy to see here gracing this oc- casion,) while I attempt to discuss some dry and hackneyed political subjects ; and as I shall not essay either the graces of oratory, or any flights of fancy, I must pray you, in the lan- guage of Brutus, to " hear me for my cause." Twenty-one years ago, on a morning like this, a meeting of the citizens of a neighboring county took place, in almost aU external respects, and imder apparent circumstances, quite the reverse of those under which we have met here to-day. The question they had assembled to discuss too, though not a less important one, was widely different from that which now claims your attention, and demands your decision. We have met here to discuss the means, and to adopt resolves, which we hope will aid to preserve, under God, the existing union of these States. ITiey met to consider the question of separation, and the estab- Digitized by Microsoft® 1856.] LETTERS, ETC. 545 lishment of an independent existence, or rather the preservation of their existence, then threatened by Mexico. At the call of my friends, and impelled by a sense of duty, it was my fortune to offer some resolutions, and to address a few words of well- considered argument and counsel to my fellow-citizens on that occasion, — it being the first, as well as the last, time I have ever made them a public speech on political subjects. In response to a similar call, and actuated by a similar sense of duty, I ap- pear before you to-day for a similar purpose. Before I proceed with the consideration of matters which are engrossing your thoughts at this moment, I trust I may be pardoned for giving a short account of the circumstances and objects of the meeting to which I have alluded, and for attempting to draw, very briefly, a parallel, or rather a contrast, for in most respects it is a very striking contrast between that and the present one, as either to the older citizens, who are famihar with the events, or to the younger ones who are not thus familiar, I trust the sub- ject wiU not be without interest. Twenty- one years ago, at Columbia, in the good old county of Brazoria, the Mecklenberg of Texas — the cradle of liberty, as she has been appropriately called — a mass meeting of her citizens was assembled, to consider the propriety of making a Declaration of Independence, and separating from the parent Government of Mexico. That meeting took place under the most gloomy and discouraging circumstances, and consisted only of about thirty persons, and these very much divided in their views of what was most proper to be done in the crisis then existing. The whole permanent white population of Texas, at that time, scarcely exceeded twenty thousand persons of all ages, and of both sexes, and this small number was thinly scat- tered over a vast extent of country, with very little means of communication with each other, almost without money, or credit, or resom-ces, or arms, or munitions of war, and sur- rounded on all sides, and perpetually harassed, by savage ene- mies. Mexico, with a population of over eight millions, having closed the door, as many of us believed, against reconciliation, had marshalled an army on the other side of the Rio Grande, and was about to offer us the stern alternative of absolute sub- mission, or the sword of extermination. Never perhaps in the 35 Digitized by Microsoft® 54:6 LETTEES, ETC. [186& history of the world did a little handful of men come together under circumstances of greater gloom and perU, or have to de- termine a question of graver personal and political interest. As I have remarked, the meeting was very much divided in opin- ion ; some were for trying pacific measures once more, others for taking no present action at all, believing, or rather hoping^ the rumors of Mexican invasion were unfounded ; and again others, of which I was one, who thought that as we had but the alternative of unconditional submission or war, it was best to take a decided position, and prepare to fight it out. I drew up and submitted, as the organ of a committee, a preamble, and a series of resolutions, recapitulating the outrages which Mexico had perpetrated, and was about to perpetrate upon us, and re- commending to the people of Texas an immediate Declaration of Independence, and the call of a convention to frame a con- stitution, and establish a Provisional Government for the Re- public, until the one to be chosen, under a new constitution, could be put in operation. As they are short, I will, by your permission, read these resolutions. After a recital, in the pre- amble, of the wrongs which had been perpetrated by Mexico, particularly the numerous violations of our " State Rights," and the " centering all power in the city of Mexico," it was resolved as follows : 1st. That it is our opinion, and we therefore recommend to the people of Texas, of the difierent jurisdictions, the expedi- ency of calling a new Convention of Texas, with radical powers j and at an early day, to declare to the world the grounds upon which we.wiU act, and tp make such other arrangements as may be necessary for our protection as a people. 2d. That the time has now arrived when it is necessary to declare the total akd absolute Independence of Texas, and that the people are at liberty to establish such form of govern- ment as in their opinion may be necessary to promote their prosperity, and that a call be made upon the Governor and CouncU to order writs of election to issue for elections to be held for members, as early in January next as practicable, and the Convention to meet on or before the 1st of March ensuing. The two remaining resolutions required that the Governor shoidd apportion the representation, and that the Convention Digitized by Microsoft® 1866.] LETTERS, ETC. 647 should form a Constitution for the new Republic, and submit it to the people. The question on these resolutions was debated throughout the whole day, every individual present expressing his assent or dissent to the propositions, and his reasons therefor. As there appeared a large minority adverse to them, and as it was urged the county was not fully represented in the meeting, the ques- tion was not pressed to a vote, but it was concluded to let the preamble and resolutions be signed by those who agreed in the views and purposes therein expressed, and go to the country as the voice of the individuals so signing them. Some fifteen or twenty signed them on the spot, and copies being circulated for other signatures, we were enabled, in the course of two or three days, to put the paper forth to the country with the sanction of thirty-five names ; thus throwing defiance at the " magnanimous Mexican nation " at the risk of our necks, for we well knew what the consequences would be to the signers of that paper, if we should fall into the hands of the enemy. I am happy to see the county of Brazoria represented here to-day by the distinguished gentleman I now have in my eye, Col. Wm. G. Hill, who was an active and efficient co-laborer with us about the same period, in the cause of independence, and who is personally cognizant of the circumstances I am now relating. These resolutions were the first passed in Texas on the sub- ject, and controlled the destiny of the country. The Governor and Council acted in accordance with their recommendations in every particular. A Convention was called, which met in the town of Washington here, on the 1st of March, within only a few yards of the spot where we are now assembled. A Declar ration of Independence was formally made on the 2d ; a Con- stitution adopted about two weeks afterwards, and a Provisional Government duly inaugurated. The subsequent events are too well known to need only a slight reference. Suffice it to say, Texas, after a ten years' struggle, succeeded in wresting an ac- knowledgment of her independence from Mexico ; and, by a wise and judicious diplomacy, on the part of the former, the United States were made more than glad to add her bright solitary star to their own glorious constellation,! almost doubling Digitized by Microsoft® 548 LETTERS, ETC. [1856. thereby their original territorial limits, and subsequently to su- peradd, as a natural sequence, one half of Mexico, and all the gold of California. Such, ladies and gentlemen, were the circumstances, such the acts, and such the ultimate results of the little meeting to ■which I have alluded. How different the circumstances under which we are assembled to-day ! Texas, enjoying profound peace, her population iacreased from a mere handful to over half a million ; her broad territory dotted with thriving cities, towns, and plantations ; the hum of happy and prosperous in- dustry heard in aU her borders ; her national debt paid in full ; her treasury overflowing ; a peerless domain of one hundred millions of acres of land at her disposal, and herself a com- ponent part of the mightiest and the freest nation on earth — a nation of twenty-eight millions of inhabitants, of more than three millions of square miles of territory, extending from ocean to ocean, and vieing with the most renowned nations of ancient or modern times in arts and arms, in science and civilization, whose commerce whitens every sea, and the feet of whose cit- izens tread proudly the soil of every chme. Our form of gov- ernment is the most perfect ever invented, or enjoyed by man, and leaves us nothing, in this respect, to ask for more. We are, literally, " sitting under our own vine and fig-tree, and there is none to molest or make us afraid." But I need not pursue the contrast between the meeting of 1835 and this happy reunion to-day any further ; your own thoughts will fill up the picture. I should be happy, if my sense of duty and my obhgations to those who have invited me to address you to-day would permit me, to conclude by congratulating you upon the prosper- ous circumstances by which we are surrounded, and leaving you to the pleasing anticipations for the future, which those cir- cumstances would seem so abundantly to authorize. But this I cannot do. Widely different as was the state of things which attended the meeting in 1835 from those which surround us now, — that lookiag forward with doubt and fear to a perilous struggle amid the stern concomitants of adversity, and suffering, and war ; this in possession of assured peace, prosperity, and happiness, — still I think that we, as a component part of the Digitized by Microsoft® 1866.] LETTERS, ETC. 549 great American fanuly of States, have a no less important ques- tion to decide now, than the little meeting in Brazoria county- were called upon to determine then, — one the result of which will he no less significant for weal or woe to the United States, than was the question of "suhmission or extermination" to Texas ; no less a question, indeed, than the preservation or the destruction of our glorious Union. Did I not, honestly and sincerely, believe this, I should not be found occupying this stand to-day. Nothing but a sense of impending danger to the country, strong and assured as that which I felt when I ad- dressed my fellow-citizens in 1836, would have called me from the profound retirement I have sought and enjoyed since 1846, to engage in the unusual and uncongenial occupation of public speaking, for which I am qualified neither by habit nor inclina- tion. But I could not be indifferent, consequently was unwill- ing to remain sUent. I ask your kind attention a little while, premising that I shall offer to this enlightened and refined audi- ence nothing but my sincere and heartfelt convictions, and the reasons upon which those convictions have been formed ; and that I shall make no statement of fact which I do not believe to be strictly true, and which is not supported by evidence of the most reliable kind. It is not my purpose to say a single word which can hurt the just sensibilities of any iudividual of any sect or party in this vast assemblage. Should I fail in this in- tention by a too zealous advocacy of what I consider the truth, I beg to pray ki advance, " forgive us our trespasses as we for- give those who trespass against us." I feel bound to speak plainly, but would not wish to speak harshly. I wUl not insult this presence by supposing there is an Abolitionist within the sound of my voice ; indeed, hke certain reptiles that cannot live in a pure air, I do not suppose one could breathe the atmosphere of old Washington county and survive. But if there be one, I give him notice that I devoutly believe an Abolitionist must of necessity be either a knave or a fool ; that the former, I think, should be hung for high treason to the constitution ; for the latter I have the authority of Scripture in saying, " A rod for the fool's back ; " and I shall not spare either him or his mis- chievous, meddling, whining, fanatical, hypocritical clan, — for, Digitized by Microsoft® 650 LETTERS, ETC. [1856. for these " I'd put a whip in the hands of every honest man, to lash the scoundrels naked through the world." I would further premise, that the Democratic party are in no respect responsible for any opinion I may express here to- day, for I do not speak as the organ of any party, having no authority to do so ; nor do I propose to discuss local and tem- porary or ephemeral issues. I was born and raised a Democrat of the " strictest sect," and have been one all my life ; and if farther voucher be demanded for my political faith, I am able to present an unbroken hue of Democratic ancestry of more than two Jiundred years, dating back, through five successive generations, to John Hampden and Oliver Cromwell, with hoth of whom I am allied by consanguinity. I am a Democrat, there- fore, by the obUgations which ancestral history and birth im- pose, as well as by the convictions of my mind and judgment, though not unaware that many errors are committed in its name. I trust that in the inferior and personal view of the matter, this will be sufiicient to " define my position." I have said I believed the Union to be in danger, and I be- lieve the next three months will determine the question whether it can be maintained in its integrity and usefulness or not. I do not mean there is danger of its being broken to pieces in three months or three years, but that we shall be made to understand whether it can be successfully maintained for any length of time or not. At present, as has been said already, the country, in all its departments, is eminently prosperous and happy ; we are now riding on the very topmost wave of good fortune as a na- tion. But physiologists tell us, and tell us truly, that the most perfect health borders closely upon disease ; that the full pulse and all the strong powers of the system, when perverted, their energies all go at once to feed the fatal fire of the fever which is destined to consume it. Nations, too, as well as individuals, decline and go to ruin under the infiuence of sudden and too great prosperity, which they have not the wisdom or the ability to bear successfully. " Like ships that have gone down at sea, When Heaven was all tranquillity. Something akin to these things are now producing their fearful Digitized by Microsoft® 1866.] LETTERS, ETC. 661 effects in these United States, — high health is threatening con- sequent disease ; the very wantonness of an unparalleled pros- perity (every cloud of foreign war being dispelled) is leading to acts of folly, and extravagance, and madness, which threatens that prosperity with a sudden and a disastrous reverse. These must soon he checked, or the temple of our freedom and of our Union will be destroyed, like that of the ancient Israelites, and we ourselves subjected to a worse fate than Babylonish captiv- ity. There are points of time in the history of empires, single acts of virtue or of vice, of wisdom or of foUy, from which the nation achieving them dates long yeai-s, perhaps ages, of suc- cessful progress, or of disastrous decadence : crises in national affairs from which the historian counts the commencement of a successful or disastrous career, and its consequences for good or evU. We have now reached such a point ; and it is of incal- culable importance we should consider it well, and determine upon it wisely. What do we now behold ! For the first time, during the existence of our Federal Union, oblivious or contemptuous of Washington's solemn warnings, has a great and predominant sectional party been formed upon purely sectional issues, and made nominations for the Presidency and Vice-Presidency of the Republic, both from one section, by a convention of the Northern States ; and a presiding oflBcer of the popular branch of the national Legislature been elected exclusively by North- em votes, upon an issue purely sectional, — ^that is, upon the question of slavery. Those who can look at these things, and not see and feel that there is danger, are gifted with an obtuse- ness of no ordinary character. We may cry peace, peace, but there is no peace in this state of things, but war, and ruin, and desolation, to the North and to the South ; to the East and to the West, if this party longer succeed. Their purpose is avowed ; " Rule or ruin " is their watchword. " Delenda est Carthago" is inscribed upon their banners, — the banners of Black Republicanism, — as against slavery, and either it or the Constitution must fall. There are, with them, but the two alternatives, an.d either result is a destruction of the Union. " Kansas " is the pretence, — " Disunion " the object and in- tended result. Of this no sane man need doubt for a moment. Digitized by Microsoft® 552 LETTERS, ETC. [1866. however it may l)e denied. The Coryplisei of this suicidal party, the ringleaders in it, are English Abolitionists. This movement started in England, and its head-quarters are at Exeter Hall in London. The trestle-board of the party is in that den of fanat- icism and mischief and individual hatred to the United States, and it is there that all the working designs are drawn, and from there they are sent to the Abolition operatives in our ]S"orthern States to be carried into execution by our own native-born citi- zens. The East India Company, with its one hundred and thirty millions of slaves, smiles with great self-complacency at a scheme which, if successful, will inure so largely to the ben- efit of that giant corporation ; while English Abolitionists are glad, thus profitably and easily, to " Compound for acts they are inclined to, By damning those they have no mind to." Opposed to this great sectional party, which has, like the rod of Aaron, swallowed np the Northern factions, Know- Nothingism included, stands the great national, American Dem- ocratic party, dominant at the South, and fast recovering its strength at the North, under the influence of the " sober sec- ond thought of the people," and the sound, constitutional prin- ciples it has inscribed upon its banners, the principles taught and practised by Washington, Jefferson, and Jackson. The issue is thus made up between the friends and the enemies of the Union, and the ides of November next are to decide it. The question, therefore, which forces itself upon ns to-day is the preservation or the destruction of the Union. " To this com- plexion it has come at last," and it is useless, nay, it is worse than useless, it is criminal, to attempt to disguise it. It is an open, patent, avowed fact, and "he who runs may read it" everywhere and aU around, him. It is hardly worth while for us to enter into any speculations about the value of the Union, or about its relative worth to this or that section of the country. If we should essay to reckon its value by its cost, who is bold or skilful enough to estimate the toils, the sorrows, the sufferings, and the sacrifices by which it was purchased and obtained ? Who can count the tears, or weigh the blood shed in the struggle of Independence Digitized by Microsoft® 1866.] LETTERS, ETC. 553 by our ancestors, and tell us their •worth in dollars and cents ? Will any one undertake the task ? If we estimate its value by the countless blessings it has conferred upon America and the world, what arithmetic will serve for the solution of such an infinite problem ? If we should calculate it in reference to the benefits its perpetuation will confer upon our country and upon mankind, whose imagination is capable of grasping a percep- tion of the high and beneficent destinies it is yet to achieve, in completely demonstrating the great fact that man is capable of self-government, and in the development of a future empire, embracing this whole continent, — an empire infinitely excelling ancient Rome, even in the plenitude of its mighty power, — the home of untold millions of happy and prosperous inhabitants,^ giving out the sublime assurance to the hopes of the world that the influences of her example and her sympathies shall lead the way to its regeneration, and to the destruction of those false systems of arbitrary government under which mankind have so long suffered, and inaugurate the glorious period, when "Prone to the dust oppression shall be hurl'd, Her name, her nature, wither'd from the world." Figures would fail — language fails in any attempt to estimate or portray the measureless value of the Union, viewed in refer- ence either to the past, the present, or the future. It is to the poUtical and social world of America what the sun is to the natural one : strike either out of existence, hopeless, rayless darkness would follow, and " chaos come again." It is idle to suppose there can be a peaceful dissolution of the Union, or that two republics only would be formed out of the present territory. Whenever the Union is broken, there win be an explosion which will shatter it into a hundred frag- ments, which, though some of them might be stuck together, could never be again united. It will not, it cannot be other- wise than a violent disruption. Then, when it happens, and as the country travels down through the horrors of anarchy to those of despotism — " A curse shall light upon the limbs of men, Domestic fury and fierce civil strife Shall cumber all the parts of this fair land ; Digitized by Microsoft® 554 LETTERS, ETC. [1856. Blood and destruction shall be so in use, And dreadful objects so familiar, That mothers shall but smile when they behold Their infants quartered by the hands of war ; All pity choked with custom of foul deeds. The country's spirit ranging for revenge. With Ate by her side come hot from heU, « Shall, in these confines, with a monarch's voice. Cry Havoc ! and let slip the dogs of war, — That this foul deed shall smell above the earth With carrion men groaning for burial." This prediction is indeed a gloomy, a horrid one ; but the poet has not overwrought the picture which our broken and dishonored Union would present. Who would suffer most, where all would suffer so much in the internecine war which would attend and foUow a dissolution of the American Union, it would be worse than idle to inquire. N"o lover of America, no friend of freedom here or elsewhere, would wish to dwell upon such a matter long enough to inquire. For one, I would sooner see the continent swallowed up by some convulsion of nature, than to see our Union broken, and its dishonored frag- ments scattered in the dust, the scoff and derision of its ene- mies, the shame and sorrow of its friends. No ! it were "Better to sink amid the shock. Than perish piecemeal on the rock." No ! let the gallant old ship go down at sea, and be swallowed up in its depth of waters, rather than be thus dishonored. Bet- ter than for it to be destroyed in some disgraceful, fanatical, abolition brawl, far better " Nail to the mast our holy flag. Set every spreading sail. And give her to the God of storms. The hghtning and the gale 1 " But I trust the good sense of the people of America will pre- vent any such alternatives being forced upon us, and that the Union, notwithstanding the evils which now surround and so seriously menace it, wiU continue to be preserved, and in peace. As Texans, we feel a peculiar interest in it ; we recognize its Digitized by Microsoft® 1856.] LETTERS, ETO. 555 value, and the countless benefits it confers on aU its citizens ; we recollect that it was our forefathers who helped to establish it, and we have besides the vivid recollection of a ten years' struggle with Mexico preparatory to our admission into it. I believe the people of Texas will ever be found loyal to the Con- stitution and the Union, and that, as they had to fight pretty hard, and a good while, in order to be received into the family of American States, they are not going to leave it soon if they can help doing so ; and they do not intend to see the family compact broken up if in their power to avoid it. But I need not, ladies and gentlemen, detain you longer on this subject. I take it for granted you are all in favor of a preservation of the Union, and it is unnecessary to argue the question at this time. I will therefore turn to that more im- portant, that vital question — Sy what means shall we best pre- serve this Union from the destructive designs of its enemies ? This is the one great question which now presses itself upon your attention to-day, and upon that of every national conserva- tive man of every sect and party, and demands, in urgent tones, your and their decision. Our duty, and the duty of all patriotic men, may be summed up in three words. The enemies of the Union have acted, and are now acting, upon the old, long-practised, and too often fa- tally successful poUcy of " Divide and conquer." We must re- verse this, and act upon the better principle of " Combine and conquer." If we will faithfully do this, we shaU have nothing to fear. Will we do it ? That is the great practical question of the present moment, and upon its decision hangs the result of the mighty contest soon to be determined between the two opposing parties in the country, — ^the issue of the elemental strife between lawless anarchy and constitutional order. We want no compromises with Abolitionism — we wiU sub- mit to none. We want a final and decisive settlement of the whole question now and forever — a " finality." Let all national men unite, and this consummation, so devoutly to be wished, can be now safely effected. Abolitionism has tendered its fa- natic, insane issue, in substantive form, to the country ; the De- mocracy have gladly accepted it, and are now marshalling their armies for the battle. This is the auspicious moment in our na- Digitized by Microsoft® 556 LETTERS, ETC. [1856. tional existence, which, if we properly use, we may confidently look forward to another eighty years of glory and prosperity, far exceeding the eighty we have already enjoyed, as well as to a triumphant future beyond them. If we neglect, or make an unwise and improper use of it, I know not what evils we shall not deserve for our wickedness and foUy, or what countless dis- asters may result. For, " There is a tide in the affairs of men, Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune ; Omitted, all the voyage of their life Abounds with shallows and uncertainties. On such a full sea are we now afloat, And we must take the current when it serves, Or lose our ventures." " Union for the sake of the Union," must be our watchword. The result will be no mere party triumph ; it will be a triumph of all patriotic parties, — a national triumph — a triumph of the Constitution. The skilful mariner, in the conduct of his vessel looks to his sea-chart as his main reHance for safety and success. So must the statesman look, under all circumstances, to the Constitution as his sole and only guide. Any departure from its letter or spirit, even the least, would be criminal, and might prove most disastrous. In 1820, when the ship of state got among the rocks and quicksands of the Missouri question, expediency was resorted to, and the Constitution was violated for the purpose of satisfying a mutinous crew, and the vessel herself moored on the shifting and treacherous quicksands of the Missouri Com- promise, where she remained in constant jeopardy for thirty- four years, surrounded by rocks upon which she has, once and again, been in danger of being dashed to pieces, while she has been constantly agitated by a " ground swell," which kept every one in alarm for her safety. Two years since, by the wisdom and energy of the Democracy, this great error was rectified, and the vessel taken from its dangerous position and boldly carried out into the deep water of constitutional truth, where she is now gallantly riding, with the stars and stripes at her mast-head. For this proud and glorious achievement of stout hearts and strong arms, Abolitionism sent up one loud, long, continual Digitized by Microsoft® 1866.] LETTEES, ETC. 557 howl of demoniac madness, from Passamaquaddy Bay to Puget's Somid ; and the Missouri Compromise, which had always been " spit upon," and for thirty-four years denounced hy them as a corrupt and infamous bargain between Southern slaveholders and Northern " dough-faces," and which they refused to recog- nize or extend, became all at once canonized by them as the " solemn league and covenant ;" and its palinode was chanted by a chorus of 3,050 black-robed and black-hearted priests, " the vicegerents of God upon earth," as they were admiringly termed by a Texas senator. The author and supporters of the Kahsas-If ebraska act have been accused of bringing this storm of abolition excitement upon us, — of having opened the flood-gates of agitation and brought in this deluge of " Isms." Those who think this is so, see but a single link in the great chain of causes and effects, and the nearest one at that ; and they also mistake the cause for the effect. I have no time to examine this question at length now ; but will simply observe that the causes of this agi- tation lie some distance beyond the Kansas-Nebraska act and the compromises of 1850. Without reverting to the unconsti- tutional legislation of 1820, if I were to fix upon any one act, and any one point of time from which to derive and date the origin of the present excitement, I would take the incorporation of the Wilmot proviso upon the Oregon bill — the rejection of the amendments to that bill recognizing and extending the Missouri Compromise, and the final passage of that bill, with its objectionable features, by the defection of Southern mem- bers of Congress, as the true one. It was then that national men at the North were betrayed and discouraged, and began to be struck down at home by this alarming desertion from the South, in whose behalf they were battling so manfully. It was then, m prophetic view of what was to be their fate, that one of those men, Daniel S. Dickinson of New York, " the noblest Roman of them all," expressed his and their feelings by the fol- lowing beautiful quotation from the poet. '■''So," said Mr. Dickinson, " So, the struck eagle, wounded on the plain, TSo more through rolling clouds shall soar again ; Viewed his own featlur on the. fatal dart That winged the shaft that quirered in his heart. Digitized by Microsoft® 558 LETTERS, ETC. [186& Keen were his pangs, but keener far to feel. He nursed the pinion which impelled the steel, VPTiile the same plumage which had warmed his nest. Drank the last life-drop of his bleeding breast." At the Baltimore Convention, too, about the same time, there had been defection of the same Southern men ia voting to admit the Free-soUers to fellowship. It was this defection of Southern men which overthrew our friends at the North, re- newed the hopes, and gave vitality and power to the Abolition party. The Kansas-Nebraska act is an effect, not a cause of this vitality and power. It is used as a pretence and means of ex- citement at the North, but the true cause lies deeper and farther off. The passage of the WUmot Proviso was an abuse of the principles of the Constitution, and the South was violently ex- cited by it, in view of being thereby excluded from every foot of the vast territory just then acquired from Mexico ; a refor- mation of this abuse was demanded, and this made necessary the Compromise acts of 1850, and their legitimate corollary, the Kansas-Nebraska act of 1854. This reformation has been attended with excitement, as all great reformations ia the world have been. For when the Son of God came to reform the world from idolatry and Jewish superstition, there was excitement ; he was scourged and executed on the cross, and his disciples stoned to death, or otherwise slaiu as " pestOent fellows." So when Luther, Melancthon and ZuingUus attempted the reformation on the continent of Europe, there was excitement, and they were either kiUed or had to conceal themselves to avoid death ; and in England, when Cranmer, and Ridley, and others attempt- ed the reformation there, there was excitement which bound them to the stake, and appUed the fagot and the flame of mar- tyrdom ; and so of a thousand other reformations. But the blame of excitement in the case now under our con- sideration, as then, should properly be applied to the abuse as the true cause, not to its reformation. The South was betrayed in 1848 at the Baltimore Convention, and more especially in the passage of the WUmot Proviso, by her Judas Iscariots. I thought and said so then, and I have thought and said so ever since, as many here will witness for me, and as my writings wiU prove. It was the most wicked and fatal blow the South ever Digitized by Microsoft® 18S6.] LETTERS, ETC. 659 received — ^that the country ever received ; for the North as well as the South has felt the evil ever since, and we are now feeling it in the present alarming condition of our national affairs. The South was betrayed too on the Kansas-Nebraska bill by the de- fection of the same Southern men. There is consolation, how- ever, in these two reflections ; first, that these Judases have miserably failed in obtaining their thirty " pieces of silver," re- ceiving nothing but lasting ignominy and " reprobation," under the gnawings of that worm that never dies ; and secondly, that we now have strong and assured hopes the Union wiU survive their treason. But, notwithstanding this excitement, the Constitution of the country has been vindicated and justified. A return to its pure and simple teachings was our only course, our only security, our only hope. It is the " Ark " of our political safety ; it should be our reliance in storm and in sunshine, and we should learn to cherish it with more than Eastern or Jewish devotion. The principles of the Kansas-Nebraska act are right ; they are the true constitutional ones. They are older than the Consti- tution — they underlie the very foundation of all free govern- ment, and were asserted on the " Mayflower " before she landed her immigrants on the rock of Plymouth, — and wherever else m the colonies of America " men knew their rights, and know- mg, dared maintain them." The conviction of this truth ia every day forcing itself upon the minds and consciences of men everywhere, in spite of an Abolition press and an Abolition pul- pit. The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska act is destined to mark an important, and, I trust, a happy epoch iu American affairs, and to take its stand alongside of Magna Charta and the Declaration of Independence, in the history of the Anglo-Saxon race. All honor to Stephen A. Douglas and his worthy coadjutors. The present strife in Kansas is much to be deplored ; it is a natural consequence of a long series of Abolition outrages ; but it has been chiefly brought about by the interference of North- ern Legislatures under the control of Abolitionists, and by pow- erful and wealthy corporations chartered by them. To this strife however, Texas, as a Southern State, cannot be indiffer- ent, — ^her duty to her Southern sisters will not allow her to be Digitized by Microsoft® 560 LETTERS, ETC. [1856. indifferent. There are, also, considerations of pressing interest to her, arising from her local position. Kansas is, or will be, coterminous with Texas for about two hundred miles ; and we are thereby reminded that we have prospectively the same in- terest in the question of slavery there that the people of Mis- souri have, whose territory is coterminous for about the same distance ; and it consequently behooves us, from considerations of both duty and interest, to aid our brethren in Kansas by every proper means within our power. The Black Republican party rely, mainly, for success in the approaching contest, upon opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and this is the issue they tender to the great national party of the United States. The wild and wicked desperation mani- fested in the various measures this party have adopted recently, both in and out of Congress, in bold violation of the Constitu- tion, of the laws, and of the most sacred rights of the Southern States of our confederacy — measures revolutionary in their character and tending directly, if permitted to be carried out, to a destruction of the Union, — savor of party weakness almost as much as they do of party bhndness and corruption. There is comfort for us ia these acts of suicidal madness, and may we not hope the ancient and renowned saying will apply to them, that " whom God wills to destroy, he first makes mad." I be- lieve this is so. We, certaioly, have them now, where, if we will, we can, to use a nautical phrase, " rake them fore and aft," and most effectually. And if the strife between us and aboli- tionism MUST be referred to a violent arbitrament, to a " bloody issue," the contest had better come now than at any future time. It will be a fierce one ; but it will be short and decisive, and the victory, as we might justly hope, wiU be to the friends of the Union and the Constitution. The South has right, justice, law, the Constitution, and the active co-operation of all Union-loving men, everywhere, on her side ; and if with these and her own determined wiU and power to resist wrong and oppression, she cannot conquer this growing fanaticism, she cannot fall one moment too soon. She must rid herself, one way or the other, of this wretched, this unholy strife and agitation. She owes this to herself as well as to the Union, which cannot be preserved by unmanly hesitation or unwise concession ; and if she wavers Digitized by Microsoft® 1866.] LETTERS, ETC. 561 or falters now, she will be most false and treacherous bott to the Union and to herself. The issue is forced upon her by Black Republicanism, which now combines all the isms; and every consideration of honor, duty, patriotism, and interest re- quires her to meet it with a determined, unshrinking resolution, and to achieve a final settlement of the question, "peaceably if she can^ — forcibly if she must." [I use the term Black Republicanism as synonymous with abolitionism, which I consider essentially the same ; for aboli- tionism has the predominant control in the Black Republican party, notA^'ithstanding the latter has, for politic purposes, de- lusively and temporarily, divested itself of its ultraisms. What- ever nice distinctions may be drawn and maintained between them at the North, the South must regard both, separate or united, as her deadly and implacable enemies, — ^the Black Re- publican being the more covert, and therefore the more dan- gerous, of the two.] The nominee of this party for the Presidency is a renegade southerner, envious of the fame of Benedict Arnold, by the name of Fremont, who was court-martialled and ordered to be dis- missed from the army, who misled and lost a party of men in the Rocky Mountains in 1849, and cruelly and meanly left them to perish in the snow of cold and starvation, while he escaped himself; — " eat dog," as he says, and a good deal of it, as I should think, — ^botanized in Utah and found a species of " Jim- son " or some other weed, which he modestly called " Fremontia," — got to California and secured a grant of land, with which he has humbugged certain people, — ^intrigued with bogus Governor Robinson, got to Congress, where he wound up an imbecile and inefficient career of a few weeks, by a fist-fight with a brother member. If he has any celebrity at all, it is for his horseman- ship, in which he is said to have performed some extraordinary feats, and such as might recommend him to the manager of a circus- or hippodrome, but hardly to the Presidency. He is now essaying the difficult exploit of riding on two nags at once — one foot on the " woolly-horse " of abolitionism," the other on the wild American colt ' Sam,' " — that is, he is running for office with one foot square on the Black Republican platform, as he has assured the committee of that party, and the other 36 Digitized by Microsoft® 662 LETTERS, ETC. [185:6. square on tlie American platform, as he assured the delegations from that party. The nominee for the Vice Presidency is a Jersey lawyer by the name of Dayton, a Whig Abolitionist, who distinguished himself somewhat in 1850 in opposition to Mr. Clay and the compromise measures of that year. Of such nominees, personally speaking and without reference to their abolition principles, it may truly and emphatically be said " Non tali auxilio, Non defensoribus istis, tempus eget." It is no time for ignorance and imbecility and inexperience now when the storm is up : — " When smooth old ocean and each storm's asleep, Then ignorance may plough the watery deep ; But when the demons of the tempest rave. Skill must conduct the vessel through the wave." Were it not for the astonishing fact that, through the instru- mentality of a new element recently introduced into the politics of the country, this party now holds predominant power in the popular branch of the Congress of the United States, by a ma- jority of the representatives chosen by the people, this whole matter — platform, nominations, " shrieks for freedom," bogus governors, senators and legislature, Topeka Constitution, Sum- ner's head, Kansas riot manufactories and Kansas investigating committee — would certainly seem, to the mind of any reflecting, sober, candid, unprejudiced man, the sheerest farce in the world. It is undoubtedly an exhibition of folly and fanaticism quite un- worthy the intelligence and common sense of the nineteenth century, and would have disgraced the darkest of the dark ages. It combines all that is foul in politics and false in philanthropy, with the utmost extravagance and folly of fanaticism. I trust, however, these ridiculous excesses have attained their point of culmination, and that matters have reached their worst ; from which, according to a homely adage, they " always begin to mend." Agitation, senseless agitation, useless, pernicious agitation — any kind of agitation, is the object — any thing to keep the minds and passions of men and women excited. Falsehoods, Digitized by Microsoft® 1866.] LETTERS, ETC. 563 innumerable falsehoods are constantly circulated — tongues and hands and types — imaginations, magnetism, and the lightning are all pressed into the service ; and modest, humble truth is altogether banished from sight. In Congress, agitation is the " special order " for every day in the year, to the neglect or abandonment of the legitimate business of the country. No human being is benefited by this agitation — not even the negro, the staple of the Abolition party. They would not liberate him if they could. Power is what they are seeking, and discord which shall make disunion acceptable to the South, and drive her to acts which must result in a separation. They have suc- ceeded in producing discord — a discord which cannot continue many years longer without producing its intended, its legitimate effect. It is time that this wicked, this miserable agitation should cease, and I hope soon to hear the voice of an indignant public opinion commanding it in no doubtful or feeble tones to cease, and forever ; saying to it, " Thus far shalt thou go, and no far- ther, and here shall thy proud waves be stayed." I have the most assured confidence in the virtue and intelligence of the American people, and do not permit myself to doubt they will rebuke this crusade of abolition folly and madness in November next. How effectually they will do it remains to be seen. Our country, America, is physically great, — having great des- tinies to achieve and high duties to perform, — and her govern- ment and policy were founded by master minds on great ideas, — high as her mountains, deep as her oceans and seas, broad as her forests and her prairies, — embracing the whole family of mankind, offering a home and an asylum to the virtuous and oppressed of all nations, no fetters being placed upon the minds or consciences of any. It wiU not be in the power of any party to succeed in dwarfing these ideas ; they cannot be dwarfed. They are so interwoven with the very structure of our social and political system that it will be impossible to dwarf them. We stand upon a platform which does not seek to do it — a plat- form of constitutional and administrative principles Jroat? enough and strong enough for the whole country. East, West, North, and South, to stand upon harmoniously, and to stand upon se- curely. It has been tried too, and, thank God, every State did Digitized by Microsoft® 564 LETTERS, ETC. [1886. SO stand upon it at Cincinnati. It is a true, full, and perfect ex- position of the heretofore disputed points in the Constitution, and of our foreign and domestic policy — a second " Magna Chabta," a new " Bnx of Rights," securing the sacred immu- nities of all the States and Territories of the Union. The nominees of the Democratic party are entirely unobjec- tionable. The opponents of Mr. Buchanan admit this, when they have had to go back a Uttle over forty-one years to a Fourth of July speech of his made in his youth, for matter of accusation. I hare read this speech recently, and the gravamen of the charge, so far as it is sustained by this youthful effort, appears to be that Mr. Buchanan thought the Administration had gone into the war with England without due preparation, and had not prosecuted it with suitable vigor. " The very head and front of his offence hath this extent ; no more." Our statute of limitations would bar all such charges many times over ; but we have an offset, and will not plead the statute. Mr. Buchanan shouldered his musket, and went to the defence of Baltimore in the war of 1812, which abundantly satisfies this debt, and far more than compensates for any errors of opinion which he might have imbibed from those who influenced or con- trolled his earlier judgment, and which he soon after regretted and abandoned. The charges about ten cents a day for labor, and about his letting out his democratic blbod, everybody knows, who knows any thing about the matter, that these were sTieer falsehoods ; for ever since he has been on the stage of public life he has been an unwavering Democrat, and the con- stant, persevering, and efiSeient friend of the laboring man and the mechanic. Mr. Buchanan stands before the country with a clean national record of a long life of usefulness and devotion to the service of the country — the very man for the times — honest, experienced, able, sound, safe, and conservative — a Chevalier Bayard, without blame and without reproach. I speak this from a personal knowledge, derived from a personal acquaintance with him of more than thirty years' standing. He is to the Democracy what Pennsylvania always has been to the Union, the keystone of the arch, and it is due to that good old State that her favorite son should be elected. Of Mr. Breckenridge, the candidate for the Vice Presidency, Digitized by Microsoft® 1866.] LETTEBS, ETC. 565 it is wholly unnecessary to speak to a Southern audience, — ajl admit his worth, his soundness, and his ability, and his eminent fitness for the office. I hear the charge of " squatter sovereignty " brought against the platform and its nominees ; but I have searched carefully for it, and can nowhere find it in the resolutions of the Cincin- nati Convention, which have been received by the nominees in the spirit in which they were tendered. Those who can find it there, I think, must have taken the advice of the satirist, to " get thee glass eyes, and, hke a scurvy pohtician, seem to see the things which are not." Squatter sovereignty is a cant phrase, used very flippantly by small politicians, not one in a hundred of whom attach any definite meaning to it, and about the theory of which, I venture to say, no two in a thousand en- tertain the same opinion. For one, I incline to the belief that the phrase has very little significancy or application at present, the principle to which it refers having been properly settled in Congress, (as far as it lAay so be done by legislation,) two years since. Many years ago a class of people rendered the name of squatter odious by removing to the far West, occupying other people's land, destroying their timber, and giving the real owners or purchasers much annoyance. Afterwards the term, somehow or other, came to be applied in connection with cer- tain political views enunciated in Congress in reference to the control the people of a territory might properly exercise over the subject of slavery, and the odium of the word was thus suc- cessfully transferred to those views, and without justice, as it seemed to me. In Texas it had quite a different origin and meaning. At the battle of San Jacinto, as is well known, just before the charge made by the Texans upon the Mexican lines, they were ordered to " squat," and they " squatted," leader and all — ^the Mexicans, I beUeve, thought they had killed the whole of them ; but soon afterwards these " squatters " were every one on their feet agaia, and, in about twenty minutes, " squatter sovereignty " was estabhshed in Texas, and 'has continued up to the present time— -no one objecting to it except the Mexi- cans. We did not think " squatter sovereignty " so very objec- tionable in Texas, or, may be, we never would have estab- lished it. We ought, however, to be pardoned for thinking Digitized by Microsoft® 566 LETTERS, ETC. [1856. squatter sovereignty better than Mexican sovereignty. There is something of bad tasty as well as of injustice in thus charac- terizing all the hardy pioneers of a new territory as squatters — the men who go forward on the advancing tide of civilization, subduing the savage, the wild beast, and the forest ; and con- tinuing so to characterize them, for political effect, until the ter- ritory is admitted as a State, when, as by a miracle, they be- come American citizens. The doctrine of the Kansas-Ifebraska act is, that the people of the territories have the right to regu- late their domestic affairs as they think proper, subject to the Constitution, and when admitted as a State, to come in with or without slavery, as they shall determine, — ^thus disposing of the question of squatter sovereignty (at least so far as any legis- lation can do it) properly and finally, — all the territory of the United States, or nearly all, being now thus organized. This disposition of it appears to me to be in accordance with right, justice, common sense, the necessity of the case, and with the Constitution. I do not know if there be a single squatter, in the legitimate meaning of the term, in Kansas ; but if there should be, I would not deem it right to disfranchise all the in- habitants of the territory on his account. If he be there in good faith, cultivating the land he lives on, I see no objection to his acquiring in good time the rights of a citizen. There is another class there, however, who do not squat on the land, or intend to do so, in any sense of the term, but live in the hotels of the Emigrant Aid Societies, — mercenary villains, hired and sent to Kansas to meddle and interfere with the rights of her people, infinitely inferior to the squatters, — fellows with copies of " Uncle Tom's Cabin " in their pockets, a Sharpe's rifle in their hands, hypocrisy in their faces, and murder and cowardice in their hearts ; whom nothing but an extraordinary effort of Almighty power can ever raise from their depth of infamy and degradation up to the level of an honest pioneer, or " squat- ter," if you please. I have thus, briefly, disposed of every substantive objection I have seen or heard made from any source worthy of regard, to the Democratic platform and its nominees, both of which, I believe, are satisfactory to the Democracy of Texas, and that every true Democrat from the Sabine to the Rio Grande, and Digitized by Microsoft® 1856.1 LETTERS, ETC. 66Y from the Gulf of Mexico to the borders of Kansas, who cati get to the polls, will express that satisfaction by voting for those nominees in November next. Such, then, are the principles, and such the men, put for- ward by the two great parties of the country, or, rather, the one great party of the country and the enemies of the country, in the pending contest ; and between these, we, and all other national, Union-loving men, have to choose. Need I say what becomes our duty, or their duty, under such circumstances ? Certainly not. I wiU say this, however ; " those who are not for us are against us " in this struggle ; every vote withheld from the national ticket, or given to a ihivi party, is equivar lent to half a vote for Fremont and Abolitionism. There are those, I am well aware, and among them some of my best and most valued friends, who entertain the opinion that we are in danger from Catholic influence and from foreigners. In rela- tion to Catholics, I believe the feeling is not very strong at present ; but as long as a free and untrammelled press is left to us and the Bible, and we follow their legitimate teachings, my friends will go with me, I trust, in the belief that we need not fear any thing from Papal usurpation, or from the devices of that other personage whose name is not to be mentioned to " ears polite." And for one, and I believe I can say for the Democracy, we will see to it that the press shall always be left untrammelled, and also that the Bible, without note or com- ment, shall be statedly read in aU. the public schools throughout the Republic ; for there can be no national virtue, no true lib- erty, no permanence to our political and social institutions, without the recognition of God as he has revealed himself in his word. In regard to foreigners, whatever specious cause of alarm may have been urged a year or two since, when the an- nual immigration had reached nearly half a million, it is very different now. Last year this immigration fell off about sixty per cent., and this year, if I am correctly informed, it has fallen off in nearly a similar proportion ; the arrivals at New York for five months this year being only 31,000, against 53,000 in 1855, and 123,000 in 1854, or just 15 per cent, in two years. Taking this five months' immigration to New York as a crite- rion, (and it may safely be assumed as such,) and the whole for- Digitized by Microsoft® 568 LETTERS, ETC. [1856. eign immigration to this country during the current year wiU not exceed 90 or 100,000, a number which could be safely stowed away in that city and State alone ; and is probably less than the number of our foreign born population that will have died, during the same time, within the limits of the United States. Be this as it may, however, the danger from our Cath- olics and foreign bom citizens, if danger there be, (which I do not believe,) is remote^ while that from Abolitionism is immi- nent, deadly, and unmistakable. We hear already from the plains of Kansas the crack of the murderous rifle, and our brethren lie there, weltering in their blood, shed by the hands of the Abolitionists. Let us repel the enemy from our door first, the common enemy of all at the South ; for if we fall into their power, they will take good care not to leave us any thing to fear from any other enemy, foreign or domestic. I am an- swered by one who says, I do not like the Democratic party, and therefore I shall withhold my vote, or give it to a " tertium quid," though I know he cannot be elected. But let me in- quire : Do you not dislike the Abolitionist more than you do the Democracy ; if so, and you throw away your vote, you in- directly give aid and comfort to your worst enemy, to your most inveterate and deadly foe. There is no chance for a third party at the North, except in a coalition with Abolitionism; and judging from recent developments, there will not be a cor- poral's guard left there in November outside the two parties, that is, the Democratic and the " Americanized " Black Repub- lican ; and the presentation of Mr. Fillmore's name, with a plat- form which shirks the whole question of slavery, is intended, so far as that section is concerned, like the present of the Grecian horse to ancient Troy, as a treacherous means of destruction ; — its practical effect being to deceive as well as to divide, and thereby weaken the South, and to throw the election into the present House of Representatives, (an object equally desirable to Black Republicans and to Know-Nothings ;) when we might chance to have the same kind of an " American to rule Amer- ica " in the office of President, as the gentleman that House elected to the ofiice of speaker, — that is, an abolition Know- Nothing TTnion-slider. This is no time for the South to be di- vided ; she should be united as one man in this great crisis ; aU Digitized by Microsoft® 1866.] LETTERS, ETC. 669 minor issues should be postponed; all personal prejudices or preferences Avaived or sacrificed upon the altar of our country ; the Abolitionist should be told most emphatically, the South is a unit as against you and your schemes, and you need never to hope any thing from division among us. It is a mistaken idea that the North as a body are against us. Let us do our duty, and be faithful to ourselves, and we shall have an overwhelming majority in the Northern States, composed of men who " carry the flag and keep step to the music of the Union," in our favor. It is wrong to judge the North as a whole by her fanatics, and to denounce Northern men in a body. It weakens us and injures our friends there, who despise the Abolitionists as much as we do, and have them to fight all the time, while we are only called upon to battle with them occasionally. We should encourage our friends there, too, by union and concord among ourselves, and by a hearty co-operation with them in the good cause. It is not a mere victory of the national party in November next, which will restore peace and quiet to the country. We must bury abolition, face downwards, so deep, and pile up such a commanding majority on its tombstone, that it can have no hope of a resurrection in our day and generation. Let us end agitation., and this unhappy strife between the North and the South, which so endangers and disgraces the Union. Let Tis live together as friends and brethren, for we must so live, or else a separation will be inevitable. All we ask of the Abolitionist is to " Let us alone." Negro slavery we believe to be right, — ^morally, socially, and poUtically, — a great physical necessity of our climate ; and we intend to maintain and pre- serve the institution forever against aU comers ; and the sooner this is clearly understood, the better for all parties and all sec- tions of the country. We believe that slavery is the true nat- ural relation between the negro and the white race ; that it is justified (we might say commanded) by the Almighty in His word, stamped by His hand in ineffaceable characters upon the African, his climate and condition, and sanctioned by the well- known usages of aU ages ; and that he who wars against it is the wicked enemy of the two races, and impiously wars both against nature and nature's God — pseudo.philosophy, pseudo-philanthro- Digitized by Microsoft® STd LETTERS, etc; [1856: py, and sickly effeminate sentimentalism to the contrary not- withstanding. The attempted syllogism of the AboUtionist, upon ■which he rests his whole creed, and his superstructure of " higher law- ism," that " slavery is wrong, and therefore it is his duty to abolish it," is based upon a false postulate that cannot stand the test of truth, but vanishes before it, like chaff before the wind. Whoever admits the truth of this postulate yields up the whole argument to the AboUtionist, and so far justifies his acts. But whether the postulate be true or not, the deduction of the Abolitionist is doubly false, as I could show, if time would permit. Ever since the fiat of the Almighty, " Let there be light," and for countless ages, the negro in his natural or normal condition has been, and still is, a degraded creature, but a single remove from the brute beasts of the forest ; and when- ever he has been elevated at all in his social and moral condi- tion, or to any considerable extent, it has been by the instru- mentality of slavery, which seems, in the economy of Providence, to be the means designed for his further elevation, and perhaps, in the lapse of future ages, for the ultimate regeneration and Christianizing of his race and country. If so intended, God^ in his own good time, wUl accomplish it. Let us not presume to call Providence in question in " darkening council by words without knowledge." "ShaU mortal man be more just than God ? Shall man be more pure than his Maker ? " I would ameliorate the condition of the slave as far as prac- ticable and prudent, or send him to Liberia ; but I would not degrade him by making a " free nigger " of him, and sending him to live among the AboUtionists, to be despised and op- pressed and wronged by them, and thus to make his condition a thousand times worse than it is at present. I would not send him from the warm South, where both man and the climate are friendly to him, to the cold North, where both man and nature are his unpitying enemies ; and where he becomes an outcast and a "Paria." Before concluding, I would ask of every voter who hears me, of whatever party he may be, calmly to examine the question I have now presented, and to decide it for himself, without the least prejudice or party bias whatever. I presume there is, Digitized by Microsoft® 1866.] LETTERS, ETC. SYl there can be none, within the sound of my voice, who, were he satisfied his single vote would determine the result between the national Democracy and the Black Republicans, between union and disunion, between harmony and discord, between public quiet and this ceaseless agitation, but would give it to the for- mer, in each of these instances. If I am right in this belief, I would say to him that I honestly and sincerely hope he will so dispose of his vote in the coming elections, as if it were to be decisive of these issues. I think he will never regret doing so, but will always feel a proud satisfaction in knowing he stood in this great crisis as one of those patriotic men, who, sacrificing all selfish considerations, all party prejudices or predilections on the holy altar of the Union, aided by his vote in driving from the land the fell spirit of discord, and consigning Abolitionism and its kindred errors to a sleep that knows no waking ; thus preserving the Union from destruction, the Constitution from violation. The great, important, and distinct issue to be decided in the coming contest is made up between Abolitionism and Democ- racy, not between Abolitionism and some other ism. We do not need votes to elect the Democratic nominees, and to gain a victory by a decided majority, — we have enough for that, as I devoutly hope, — ^but we want one million extra to pile up on the tombstone of defunct Abolitionism ; and I trust you will give us yours, (however some of you may differ with the Democ- racy on minor issues,) if only for this purpose equally desirable to each and all of us ; for I do believe, and say it in all sincerity, that no national. Union-loving man, of any party in all this broad, ocean-bound Republic of ours, can properly discharge his duty to his God, to his country, and to himself, unless he does so. I trust not one of us will be willing to " let the Union slide," but that we shall unanimously agree it is worth one more great, strong, simultaneous, united effort to relieve it from present dangers, and to perpetuate it. But in this effort it is very idle, it would be madness, to ask the " mountain to go to Mahomet ; " for if there is to be concert at the South and at the North, at the East and at the West, such a concert and such an effort as wiU (and only can) secure the all-important result, Mahomet must come to the mountain, the only mountain Digitized by Microsoft® 572 LETTERS, ETC. [1856. able to afford us refuge or safety now, — the NATioifAL, Ameei CAN Democeatic Paett. Ladies and Gentlemen : — I fear I have taxed your patience too long ; hut the cause must excuse me. I have had no per- sonal, individual objects to promote — no mere party obligations to discharge. It has been from no desire to introduce contro- versial, party questions, that I have ventured to offer these re- marks on the present occasion, but simply to express my humble convictions upon the threatening and paioful aspect of our pub- lic affairs at the present time. I trust this 'will not be consid- ered presumption in me. Twenty-one years ago I joined the army of Texas as a private soldier, and on the plains of San Jacinto I aided to win the battles of the 20th and 21st of April, 1836. For ten subsequent years, sacrificing my private busi- ness and fortune, I served without intermission in her army, her halls of legislation, as her representative at a foreign court, in her cabinet councils, and in the oflSce of her chief magistrate, to secure, as I did, the blessings you now enjoy. It was my fortune to serve Texas through the whole period of her difii- culties, and almost without compensation. I restored her finances, replenished her exhausted treasury, gave security and peace to her frontiers, and established the supremacy of law and order. I obtained and presented to her in 1845 the offer of a fuH and perfect recognition of her national independence fi:om Mexico, and the offer, simultaneously, of annexation to the United States, and subsequently, in 1846, 1 led her into the Union as a member of the great American family of sovereign States. I found her feeble and poor, — I left her service only when peace, with assured prosperity and unbounded wealth, was hers. Though, " Thrown when the war of winds was o'er, A lonely wreck on fortune's shore," I could not, whatever her conduct might have been towards me, 1 could not be indifferent to tier welfare, nor to that of the Union into which I had introduced her. Recent events, " like a fire bell in the night," alarmed me, and I came here to-day as I went to Columbia in 1835, to take counsel with my fellow-citizens in the impending crisis of our national affairs. My voice, I know, Digitized by Microsoft® 1856.] LETTERS, ETC. 573 must soon be hushed in the grave, towards which we are all hastening ; but feeble as it is, I have felf it incumbent on me to raise it once more, and perhaps for the last time, in behalf of Texas, the State of my adoption, my pride, and my affections, and of the Union of which she is a part. What I have said has been from the honest convictions of my mind, and I shall sleep quietly to-night in the consciousness that I have endeav- ored to discharge an humble duty, which has been my sole pur- pose and object. I regret it could not have been more ahly discharged, but I console mygelf in this regret, by the conscious- ness that it has been done fairly and faithfully. Excuse, I pray you, these references to myself, I thank you for the kind attention with which you have favored me ; and trust you will be more fuUy compensated for it by the other speakers, who win make up for all my deficiencies and short- comings. [Mem. Dec, 1856. — As one of the effects of this speech, which was widely circulated in Texas, it has been observed by many that this State gave to the Democratic candidates more than two-thirds of her popular vote, and the largest relative ma- jority of any State in the Union — this, too, in opposition to the efforts of the most active and imscrupulous party ever organized in it, led on too by men hitherto the most influential. — ^A. J.] [From the Hon. D. S. Dickinson, of New York.^ BiNOHAMTON, October 18th, 1856. Mt deae Sie, — I was duly favored with your able 'and elab- orate speech upon the great issues of the day, and return you my sincere acknowledgments, as well for your timely and fear- less defence of the Constitution, as for your generous remem- brance of my humble services in the councils of the nation. The receipt of the speech and accompanying note would have been sooner acknowledged, but that since August I have been almost constantly from home addressing the people of this and other States upon matters which deeply concern our common country. We have, my dear sir, fallen upon evil times. It seems as if faction and fanaticism had embodied aU the terrible elements of evil in one dark cloud which threatens to burst over us. If Digitized by Microsoft® 074 LETTERS, ETC. £1856. we can dispel the gloom and avert the calamity, it will he a tri- umph for the Union ayd the Constitution over such a trial as neither has before experienced. If we are defeated, I shall almost despair of the Republic, for such combinations neither reason nor recede, but, like the swollen stream, gather blackness and fury as they press onward and bear away all obstructions with them. The struggle before us, and in which we are engaged, is no more nor less than a conflict between the friends and enemies of the Constitution — between fidelity and treason. The con- test is near at hand, and may be finally decided before this reaches you. God grant that for the sake of a great and glo- rious country, a free and happy people, for the cause of civil and religious freedom, for down-trodden and oppressed human- ity, the people may triumph over the machinations of the dem- agogue and fanatic. I have the honor to be, with high consideration and regard, hastily, but sincerely, your friend, D. S. Dickinson. Hon. Anson Jones. [To Son. W. B. Stout.] Washington, Texas, December 6fch, 1856. Hon. Wm. B. Stout, Clarksville : Mt DEAE SiE, — Your kind favor of the iVth ult. has just come to hand, and I hasten to comply with your request to put you in possession of my views in relation to the senatorship ; thanking you cordially at the same time for the very friendly feelings you have been so good as to express in relation to my- self, and the favorable and flattering sentiments contained in your letter concerning the manner in which, on former occa- sions, I discharged those public duties which by the voice of my fellow-citizens were devolved upon me. It seems to me to be a matter settled, that some other than Gen. Houston wUl be chosen to the Senate of the United States by the Legislature which will be elected next summer, and con- vene in the November following. Any other conclusion than this would involve the acknowledgment of a power of " hum,'- bug " on the part of Gen. H., which, great as I acknowledge Digitized by Microsoft® 1856.] LETTERS, ETC. ;675 him to be in this line, cannot be conceded to him without in- volving at the same time the concession of an excess of " gulli- bility " on the part of the people of Texas, which for one I should be most unwUling to make ; as I believe such a conces- sion would be a slander upon their honesty, their intelligence, and their self-respect. I know it would be an easy task to name demagogues [from Absalom down] whose popularity has re- mained undiminished, while popular confidence has been with- drawn froin a long line of patriot statesmen. Mr. Macaulay, in his history of England, has tritely enough observed that " while seven administrations were raised to power and lost it again, the profligate Wilkes retained his hold on the affections of a rabble whom he pillaged and ridiculed ; " and also, as a deduc- tion in the instances to which he referred, doubtless sufficiently plausible, that "the charge which may with justice be br6ught against the common people is, not that they are inconstant, but that they almost invariably choose their favorite so iU that their constancy is a vice and not a virtue." But I have an abiding confidence in " the intelligence, the patriotism, and the discrim- inating justice of the people " of Texas, and therefore believe that, although they are disposed to yield very much in regard to Gen. H., there is a point at which their confidence in him will be forfeited and withdrawn, and that that point has now been reached. In 1848, by his vote upon the Oregon bUl, many of his friends, myself among the number, were induced to think he had abandoned and betrayed his own constituents and the South in an overweening anxiety to secure the favor of Free- soilism, which he then, doubtless, believed was about to become the controlKng element of political power. His course ever since that time has been in perfect harmony with his vote upon the Oregon bill, and with the motives and views which actuated him in that vote. He has, indeed, deserted and betrayed, in quick succession, his own State first, and simultaneously the in- terests of the Southern people ; and then the principles of the Democracy and the parte by whose favor he was placed for three consecutive terms in the Senate of the United States. It does, therefore, appear to me next to an impossibility that a constituency so betrayed and deserted, as well as outraged and abused, " piUaged and ridiculed," will longer continue him in a Digitized by Microsoft® g76 LETTERS, ETC. [1856. position of power and influence, how much soever of a popular favorite he may at one time have been, when they see that same power and influence so unceasingly and persistingly used, and for almost nine years, for their serious injury, if not for the utter destruction of their dearest rights. " It was the last feather which hroke the camel's back, — the last drop that made the cup run over." You and I, my dear sir, have a right to speak plainly of Gen. H.'s acts, for we have, both of us, ever shown ourselves ready to sustain him whenever we could. "We have fought his battles on many former occasions, and received not a few wounds in his defence. It was my fortune to co-operate with him longer and more closely than you did, or than feU to the lot of any other man to do. I was never unconscious of his very many faults, and was at no time one of his flatterers. Circumstances of great public interest and necessity induced me to hold im- portant positions for a short time under his first administration as President, and during the whole of his second one ; and I was, by the favor of the people, named as his successor. For the many reckless acts of his first administration, I am in no wise responsible, as my duties in connection with it were at a foreign court. I have been forced to say, what I affirm to be most just and true, and to which I challenge contradiction, that " I saved his second administration from the errors, the folHes, and the wide-spread ruin of the first, and, succeeding him, car- ried out successfully a policy which I originated, and which led to that prosperity which Texas has enjoyed and is now enjoy- ing." I carried out that policy, too, in the most vital and im- portant emergencies, not only without his aid, but embarrassed by his obliquities, and in direct opposition to his views and opinions, and in spite of his attempts to thwart me. I know there are some men in Texas who would receive these assertions with extreme incredulity, — men who believe that every good, whether pohtical or otherwise, which the country has, in all the past, experienced, has been of his procuring, and that all the evils it has suffered have been brought upon it by his enemies, and in opposition to his advice. Gen. H. has spent his life in successfully appropriating to himself the wise and beneficial acts of other men, and in fixing upon innocent parties the blame and Digitized by Microsoft® 1866.] LETTERS, ETC. 577 the reproach of his own numerous bad ones ; but, whenever the truth of history shall have been vindicated, as it will be at no very distant day, the fact will be made apparent that no prom- inent public man in Texas has, in reality, achieved so little of substantive good to the country as he has ; while at the same time, as is now very apparent, no man has received credit for so much. My own deliberate conviction is, that in view of his entire public course, he has been a great positive injury and a great curse to the country, and brought upon it very many more and greater evils than benefits. I have had the most abundant opportunity to know these things. After a service of some two years in the army, I was elected to the Congress of the Republic in 1837, having success- fully opposed a favorite measure of Gen. H.'s administration, — "The Texas Railroad, Navigation, and Banking Company," which mammoth scheme I defeated. Upon theeb other great, vital, and still more important questions of adminis- trative policy, I had adopted and maintained decided opinions. I believed the salvation of the country depended upon those views being successfully carried into practical effect ; and I ad- vocated them with unfaltering earnestness and constancy. Time has, long since, demonstrated their correctness, and they have been so acknowledged by the country. At my advent into the pubUc councils these views were powerfully opposed by some of the ablest men in the Republic — men in whose patriotism and honesty I had, and still continue to have, the most perfect confidence. I struggled faithfully to win these men to my opin- ions, but failing to do this, the consequence was, I soon found myself arrayed in opposition to many with whom I should, un- der other, circumstances, most cheerfully have co-operated. I was, however, more fortunate with Gen. H., and those with whom he acted ; and he was alarmed at my triumph over the banking scheme, and joined me in my views of its impolicy. We soon found ourselves acting together upon the same " plat- form." This is the reason why I sustained him as I did ; why I co-operated with him in our public affairs ; and why I supported what was, popularly but falsely, known to the country as the " Houston policy." I had but one object in this, and in all my efforts in behalf of the country, and that was the final and ulti- 37 Digitized by Microsoft® 578 LETTERS, ETC. [1856. mate triumph of Texas over all Ker dangers and all her difficul ties. I succeeded, and I was indifferent to aught else. I was willing Gen. H. or Gen. anybody else should have all the glory, so the country was redeemed. I have no particular taste for partisan poUtics — no strong desire for the popularity, as I pos- sess none of the arts, of the demagogue. I am by no means indifferent to the just approbation of my fellow-citizens, but I have never attempted to win it at the sacrifice of duty, truth, justice, or self-respect. It would have been an easy matter for me to have floated on the flood-tide of political preferment in 1845-'6, but it would have been at the expense of hazarding the independence and the annexation of Texas, and of sacri- ficing the good faith of the country towards England and France. I preferred sacrificing myself to jeopardizing the inter- ests, or injuring, in the remotest degree, the fair name and fame, of Texas. I have not and I never shall regret this sacrifice. Others may be the idols of popular and fleeting public favor, so often " won without merit and lost without a crime ; " I shall remain satisfied if it await me, with the fate and fame of Curtius. But, my dear sir, I need not with you dwell longer upon these past reminiscences, as you are too familiar with our his- tory to make it either requisite or proper ; and I wUl, there- fore, turn from the past to the present and to the future, which more deeply concern you and me, as well as every other citizen of Texas. To use the language of a distinguished friend of mine, and one of the soundest, ablest, and best patriots and statesmen of America, Daniel S. Dickinson, of New York, in a letter to my- self written on the eve of the late Presidential election : " "We have, my dear sir, fallen upon evil times. It seems as if faction and fanaticism had embodied all the terrible elements of evil in one black cloud, which threatens to burst over us. *' * * Such combinations neither reason nor recede, but, like the swol- len stream, gather blackness and fury as they press onward and bear away all obstructions with them. The struggle before us, and in which we are engaged, is no more nor less than a cou' flict between the friends and the enemies of the Constitution, between fidelity and treason." It is true in the recent glorious conflict the ■oeople have been victorious over the arts of fanatics Digitized by Microsoft® 1856.] LETTERS, ETC. 5Y9 and demagogues ; but the strife is soon again to be renewed. The fate of the country is secured for the naoment, but our en- emies will rally for other contests. I trust Mr. Buchanan may so wisely direct and govern the ship of State as to escape the shoals and rocks by which it is now surrounded, but he wiU need the aid of every honest patriot in the land. The South, too, will require the services of her best men, and she must rid herself of her traitors, and her selfish, aspiring demagogues. The next four years will be full of destiny, for good or evil, to her and to the Union. Never before has the country been in so much peril as recently ; the storm has lulled for the present, but it may soon return with equal, or even aggravated fury, and it wUl be the part of wisdom to prepare for the worst. I should distrust my own abilities in the crisis in which we now seem to be placed. Texas has, doubtless, many men more adequate to the task of representing her in the Senate than my- self, and if one of these should be selected I shaE be quite con- tented to remain in- the retirement which I have proposed to myself. If, on the contrary, I should be selected for so distin- guished a position, I should accept it with feelings of pride and gratitude, and discharge its duties to the best of my ability, and with an eye single to the best interests of Texas and the Union. It is proper in saying this that I should say a few words in reference to the position I have occupied in relation to public office. I have made it an invariable rule never to seek office, or to decline it when there appeared to me to be a necessity for my accepting public trust. In 1846, upon the annexation of Texas, and my withdrawal from the Presidency, I retired to my farm with the expectation of remaining there the remainder of my life. Recent events " like a fire-bell in the night alarmed me," and for the last eighteen months I have withdrawn from my seclusion, and actively participated in the advocacy of Dem- ocratic principles and of the Democratic party. I could not be indifferent, and consequently was not willing to remain silent. When solicited in 1849 to become a candidate for Congress, I requested the editor of the Texas Ranger to reply as follows, under date of March 9th : " Some of our cotemporaries having stated that Dr. Anson Jones would doubtless be a candidate for Representative of the western district of Texas in the next Con- Digitized by Microsoft® 680 LETTERS, ETC. [1856. gress of the United States, we have Ibeen requested by that gentleman to say he is not a candidate for this oflSce, and that he has no intention, desire, or expectation of being one at the biennial elections in August next ; but adheres, as he has done, and will continue to do, without change or quaMcation, to the sentiments he expressed in reference to this subject [public office] at the period of his retiring from the Presidency in 1846 ; and that he sincerely hopes the time or the circumstances wUl not again occur, during his life, in the public affairs of Texas, when his sense of duty to the country would become para- mount to his wishes for retirement and repose ; but if, in this future destiny of the State, that time and those circumstances should arise, he would feel bound, as heretofore, to obey the call of his fellow-citizens to serve them." I regret that cir- cumstances in the public affairs of the country hwoe since arisen and do now exist, which wiU no longer permit me to decline a call of my feUow-citizens to serve them, should such a caU be made upon me. I have thus", with entire jfrankness and freedom, my dear sir, put you in possession of my views and feelings in relation to the subject-matter of your kind letter. There are many other points connected with the same, upon which I might touch, but I do not know that my views would be of sufficient interest to you to repay a perusal, and I have already extended this letter to a most unreasonable length. If, however, there should be any thing else upon which you would wish to know my views, I shall take pleasure in communicating them to you ; and I shall be most happy to have a letter from you at any time when you can conveniently write me. I should be glad to hear from you on receipt of this, and for you to possess me ftilly of your views, and those of our friends in northern Texas, on the subjects in question. Thanking you again, most heartily, for your kind interest in my behalf, I remain, as ever, my dear sir, with sincere re- gard, your friend, (Signed) Ansoit Jonhs. {Endorsements on copy retained. — The theee points. 1st. Annexation. 2d. A more economical administration of the Government, Digitized by Microsoft® 1866.] LETTERS, ETC. 581 and a consequent prompt reduction of the army, of civil, mili- tary, and naval officers ; also, as a necessary coincident, a very limited issue of paper money. 3d. A defensive and conciliatory attitude towards Mexico^ and peace with the Indians, believing it easy to buy their friend- ship, (which would he both just and humane;) but impossible to control or conquer them by any force at our disposition. I was in favor of " Independence," as were all parties in Texas, but preferred annexation, if practicable ; and was conse- quently desirous to adopt and pursue a line of policy, as I al- ways did, which should result in one or the other, or in the presentation to the people of Texas of a free choice between these two alternatives. I believed the best way to secure either was to open the door wide to both. In this I stood " soUtary and alone." Gen. H. cared little about the matter. The Indian policy which I advocated was a very favorite one with Gen. Houston. He was governed in this by private and personal considerations ; I, by entirely different ones. Sis course towards the Indians was prompted by his individual connection and relationship, as well as association, with the Gherokees, into whicl^ tribe he had married, and by which he had been adopted, and whose habits and mode of life he had assumed. My course was adopted from no partiality for the intruding or indigenous savages, but from views of humanity, public justice, poUcy, and expediency, which I believed to be correct and sound, and which time and experience have demon- strated to have been so. I had no difficulty, therefore, in the matter of Gen. Houston's adhering to the " Indian Policy," for to that he was unalterably wedded by personal feeling ; but in every thing else he was very uncertain, wavering, and governed by whim, caprice, or the humor of the moment. While he ap- parently coincided with me in " a more economical administra- tion of the Government," it was more often urged as a plausible reason for injuring or punishing those who had incurred his displeasure by refusing to worship him as the " golden calf," than followed as a principle of his iirst or second administration. Though always loud-mouthed on the subject of " economy and retrenchment," his first term of office was but a series of un- bounded recklessness and extravagance ; and during his second Digitized by Microsoft® 583 LETTERS, ETC. [1850. term I had infinite trouble to preserve the country from a sim- ilar fate ; but succeeded with great pains and labor in doing so, to a very considerable extent. It is, however, a singular fact, and one by which I became very nearly discouraged and dis- heartened at the very threshold of my labors as a cabinet ofS- cer, that in his inaugural address, almost his first remark to the sixth or " retrenchment Congress " (as it was already called) was, that they had " pinioned his arms," and begging them not to " cripple him " more by refusing appropriations, &c., &c. So in relation to a strictly defensive attitude towards Mexico, I was aided in this by his having already won at San Jacinto, (and by good luck,) all the laurels he could ever expect to gain by war, (for which he was qualified neither by military talent, edu- cation, nor much experience,) and he was determined no one else should have a chance to win any. By s. judicious management of his jealousies, therefore, I was generally able to keep him close to the defensive liae of poUoy ; but he flew from it two or three times in my absence, as in the ill-advised and unfortunate Mier and Snively expeditions, and went in for offensive incursions. With his little, petty, unfortunate, and disgraceful wars upon the West, upon individuals, and the " honorable Congress," I had nothing to do except to condemn them to his face, as I often did. — ^A. J.] [From the Texas Ranger of September 2Qth, 1856.] "THE KNOW-NOTHING CANDIDATE FOR THE VICE PRESIDENCY." The following letter from the Hon. Anson Jones to Andrew J. Donelson was written in 1852, and up to the present time, as we are credibly informed, remains unanswered, — the reason for which " delay " appears pretty plain upon the face and in the tenor of the document. First, urging " delay" upon the Presi- dent here, and insisting strongly upon inaction ; and then, after- wards, when he began to be alarmed at the consequences of a course he had so urged and insisted on, attempting to shift the blame of his own policy and acts upon another party, would certainly seem to be very slippery practice, even in the " greasy Tennessean," and not very creditable either to a foreign minis- ter, as he then was, or to a candidate for the high office of Vice President, as he now is. With a single remark by way of ex- Digitized by Microsoft® 18S2.] LETTERS, ETC. 683 planation, we submit the letter to our readers. Mr. Donelson was counselling the President to delay and inaction until the an- nouncement was made of the proposition from Mexico to ac- knowledge the independence of Texas by proclamation, dated June 4th. This announcement "woke up" Major Donelson, and the very same day he penned his letter to Mr. Buchanan, and essayed to escape expected censure by the artful dodge — not to characterize it by any harsher name — which Mr. Jones's letter so fuUy exposes. On the 16th of AprU Major Donelson was in ecstasies at the " prompt call of Congress," and expected the "Convention to assemble about the middle oi September ;" and on the 4th of June he censures Mr. Jones for " delay " in calling the Convention for the 4th July, or two and a half months sooner than the time suggested by himself! ! Babrington, Texas, Jan. 26th, 1852. Hon. A. J. DosTELSON : SiE, — I have occupied some of my spare moments, recently, in preparing materials for a work on Texas ; more particularly such as relate to matters that transpired under my own personal observation, which at a proper time will be published. Within the last few days I have been occupied with an account of the missions of Gov. T , Mr. W , Com. S , (as connected with Gen. S ,) as well as of your own ; and in looking over your correspondence with Mr. Buchanan, I was forcibly struck with a passage in one of your letters in reference to my call of Congress and the Convention, which had before escaped my special observation ; and as there appears to be in it a conflict with what I had put on record at the time, I hope you will excuse me for the liberty I now take in asking from you the fevor of an explanation. My sole object is to subserve the cause of Teuth, and I would not, willingly, do injustice to you or any one else. The passage to which I allude is the following, contained in your published despatch to Mr. Buchanan of June 4th, 1845 : " But it is to be feared that, with aU the means at his disposal, he " [Mr. Jones] " cannot now recover the advan- tage he gave to his enemy by the delay in calling Congress and the Convention." Your despatch communicating the proposition for annex- Digitized by Microsoft® 584 LETTERS, ETC. [1852. ation, though shown to me on the 1st of April, was not formally delivered to the Secretary of State until the 1 2th, when you re- turned from the Trinity, (or Montgomery,) as I stated in my published letters in reply to Mr. Tyler, written in 1847. My recollections of the event, and my memorandum of it is, that you requested nothing to be done until your return, which was on the 12th, when I informed you I had determined to call Con- gress at the earUest possible day. I named a day earlier than the one finally fixed upon, but at your special request, and for reasons which you then gave, I fixed on the 16th June, as I have also stated in my published letters above referred to. Here then there was no delay on my part ; for on the 12th your despatch was formally presented, and on the instant I called Con- gress, and at the earliest moment it was beheved possible they could assemble. You also stated that " it was necessary you should be present at or before the time of meeting, and that you could not go to Mississippi or Louisiana, (as you were obliged to do,) and return before about the 16th June," which, in my opinion, constituted of itself a sufficient reason for fixing on that time, (as the earliest suitable period,) if even physical necessity had not required it to be so done. A few days after convoking Congress I consulted with you about calling a convention of deputies, apportioning the repre- sentation, &c., &c., when you were not prepared to express a decided opinion. On the 29th April, however, you wrote me from Houston, recommending the measure ; and on the 5th of May, again, (having changed your views,) saying that you " thought it the wiser course to await the action of Congress," that " I could gain only about a m,onth in time, an object hardly suffi- cient to justify a risk on the score of discontent." However, before the receipt of your letters, I had called the Convention for the 4th of July, giving only a little more than two weeks for Congress to act on the weighty matters to be presented to them, and for the deputies to receive intelligence of that action at Austin. Now here was no delay ^ although requested and ad- vised by yourself: for in the small space of eighty-three days I convened Congress, procured their action on the proposals for annexation, &c., apportioned the representation of the States, caused deputies to be elected, a Convention to assemble at Aus- Digitized by Microsoft® 1852.] LETTERS, ETC. 585 tin, and had the proposition for annexation accepted by the peo- ple, so far as the action of these deputies could do it ; whereas had I waited for Congress, as you advised, it would have in- volved the necessity of not one, but two months additional " delai/,^' and perhaps four or five, or even more. I know not, therefore, what construction to put upon the words " delay in calling Congress and the Convention," as used by you. I would wish, however, to put the most favorable one possible, and therefore I trouble you with the request I have. For myself I have nothing to gain in this matter, for I knew as long ago as 1844 that the course I had determined upon, al- though the only one which could secure and promptly accom- plish annexation would, probably, involve the sacrifice of my political prospects, if I had any, or else a breach of faith on the part of Texas towards England and France, and other serious injuries, as my letters written to various friends wiU show. But between these alternatives I could not hesitate, and I do not complain of the consequences, — for time wUl vindicate me, and demagogues have made all the capital out of it they ever can. My only object now is to subserve the cause of historical truth, and to do even-handed justice to aU with whom I have had the honor at any time to co-operate, either in achieving the inde- pendence of Texas, leading her into the great family of Ameri- can States, or promoting her subsequent welfare in the proud position she now occupies. I remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, Anson Jones. P. S. — I notice in your letter to Mr. Buchanan of AprU 16th, you speak of about the middle of September as the time when you expect the Convention wiU be assembled ; and in your de- spatch of that date to Mr. Allen you express unqualified appro- bation of the call of Congress " so promptly made by the Pres- ident of Texas." [M-om Same to Same.'] Washington, Texas, Sept. 30th, 1852. Deae Sns, — ^I wrote the above in January last, intending to send it to you without any delay ; but as you were much en- Digitized by Microsoft® S86 LETTERS, ETC. [1855. gaged at that period, I was, upon reflection, unwilling to tres- pass upon your time, and for this reason have retained it until now, when I hope it will better suit your convenience to reply. Respectfully yours, Ai^son Jones. [^Same to Same.] Washington, Texas, April 16th, 1853. Major A. J. Donelson : Deae Sm, — I had the pleasure to address you a somewhat lengthy communication on the 30th September of last year, on the subject of some representations made by you to Mr. Bu- chanan, late Secretary of State of the United States, in reference to certain acts of mine as President of Texas, to which I have received no reply. I think it therefore probable my letter failed to reach you, in which case, if you will inform me of the fact, I will furnish you a copy of the same. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your most obe- dient servant, Anson Jones. (Original to Nashville, Tenn. — Duplicate to Washington City.) [Endorsement — July, 1853. — Mr. Donelson having failed to reply to any of these communications, the inference with me is, that he is unable to relieve himself from the imputation of false- hood and misrepresentation which they contain, and which his conduct has given rise to. — ^A. J.] [From the Galveston News, August 16th, 1855.] The editorial and other correspondence in to-day's " JVews" relieves our pen to a considerable extent. The letter of Dr. Anson Jones reviews a matter familiar to many of our readers. , [communicated.] Washington, Aug. 11th, 1855. Editoes News : — I notice in a late number of the Civilian of your city that the senior editor, Mr. Stuart, says, in substance, that on one occasion he differed in opinion with his friend Hous- ton, that " we opposed annexation, while Gen. Houston favored it." This is contrary to my recoUeotion ; and as this question Digitized by Microsoft® 1855.] LETTERS, ETC. 587 involves matters of much signifioance to Texas, I ask of you the favor of a small space in your widely read and useful paper, for the purpose of ptitting that question in its true light, and to show that the Civilian, in its opposition to this great American measure of annexation, acted in strict and undeviating accord- ance with the private and real sentiments of its friend. In 1848, facts and circumstances came to my knowledge which forced upon my mind, in spite of myself, the conviqtion that it was a sacred duty I owed to the people of Texas and of the United States, to put them in possession of the fact that Gen. Houston was not only opposed to annexation, but that he had attempted to strike a blow for its defeat, if not for its anni- hilation ; and with some explanatory remarks of my own, I gave to the public the proof of these facts, in the shape of an official document which emanated from the Executive Department over the sign manual of Gen. Houston, then President of the Re- public. It is unnecessary to repeat the matters contained in that document, as it has been extensively published and read aU over the country for the last seven years. On its appearance in 1848, Gen. Houston published a card in the National Intelli- gencer of Washington City, in which, while he did not attempt to deny (as he has not since) the charge of vital opposition to the measure, promised to explain his course at a future time, and when he could avail himself of a reference to the archives of the State. It is unnecessary, perhaps, to say more in refer- ence to this document, or to repeat the fact that Gen. Houston has not fulfilled the promise made in his published card. Subsequently, and in 1849 or '50, the National Intelligences published a letter of Gen. Houston's to the American Minister, the Hon. A. J. Donelson, written in April, 1845, and during the pendency of the proposition from the United States for the an- nexation of Texas, in which he took bold and open ground against the proposition as made. The Intelligencer, in com- menting upon this letter, spoke of it in the highest terms of commendation, as entertaining statesmanhke views, which were heartily approved, and claimed them as being in exact and per- fect harmony and accord with its views, and with the doctrines held and advocated by the Whig party on the subject. The day before I issued the proclamation, convoking the Congress Digitized by Microsoft® 588 LETTERS, ETC. [1856. of the Republic, to act upon the proposition made by the Presi- dent of the United States, the Hon. W. D. Miller read me the original manuscript copy of that letter, as he said, by request of Gen. Houston, for the purpose, as I then supposed, and as I now suppose, of trying to dissuade me from giving my consent to that proposition. As a further proof of Gen. Houston's Opposition to annex- ation, I refer to the fact that Major Donelson, (who was much in the habit of reading to me confidentially the letters and des- patches he wrote to the President or Secretary of State of the United States,) read me a letter to Mr. Polk or to Mr. Buchanan, in which were these remarkable words : " If annexation de- pended upon the single vote of Gen. Houston, it would, I am reluctantly compelled to say, be lost." This letter is now prob- ably in the archives at Washington City, and I presume no one will think for a moment that Major Donelson was either igno- rant of Gen. Houston's views on the subject, or that he would misrepresent them. All these facts, and many others of a simi- lar kind, Mr. Stuart has had abundant opportunity to know, and can hardly have forgotten. The official document, and the letter of Gen. Houston to Major Donelson, both above referred to, have now been years before the public, and no refutation of the charge of opposition to annexation, based upon these, has ever been attempted either by Gen. Houston or his friend of the Civilian, or by any one else, and I think never wiU be. Still Mr. Stuart says, only yesterday as it were, that " Gen. Houston was in favor of annexation " — ^how falsely he says so let the above facts prove ! and if they are not sufficient, I can inform him that I have plenty more of the same kind, which I will fur- nish him with if he wishes. I know it has been claimed by Gen. Houston that his oppo- sition was only " coquetry," that " the Government of Texas had only been coquetting with France and England," and he is said to have set up this claim himself in a pubUc speech to 5,000 persons in New Orleans in the year 1845. This, if true, only makes the matter a thousand times worse ; and I deem it a Mgh and holy duty to Texas, to wipe from her escutcheon this foul and damnable stain of infamy. It is but justice to Gen. Hous- ton that I should state, that on his return from New Orleans I Digitized by Microsoft® 1865.] LETTERS, Efc. 589 spoke to him on this subject, and he emphatically assured me the newspapers had falsely reported his speech, and that he had said no such thing. In the Senate of the United States also, at a later period, in answer to a question by the Hon. Reverdy Johnson, he publicly denied having said, in his New Orleans speech, that he had " coquetted " with England. It is proper also that I should state, that upon an informal application to me by the British Minister, Capt. Charles Elliot, in 1845, to know if the Government of Texas wished to be understood as claim- ing to have acted in bad faith towards England and France, as Gen. Houston was reported to have asserted publicly in New Orleans, I told him I was authorized by Ex-President Houston to deny the charge so far as he (Houston) was concerned, and to say he had not made the assertions attributed to him by the .New Orleans editors and newspaper reporters. I said to Capt. Elliot that I did not suppose it was at all necessary I should deny such an infamous proceeding, on my own part — ^it was, he said, of course wholly unnecessary ; that both himself and the Count de Saligny, the French Minister, for whom he was au- thorized to speak, were perfectly satisfied with my conduct to- wards them as Secretary of State and as President, throughout the whole course of the protracted negotiations between their governments and Texas ; that the most scrupulous good faith had, on every occasion, been observed by me ; that they had nothing to complain of on my part, (sentiments which he re- peated on taking leave of the Government oflncially in 1846,) and that he only now alluded to the subject in view of what the newspapers were everywhere saying, and the report given of Gen. Houston's New Orleans speech. None of these facts will be denied, or can they be ; nor can Texas justly be charged with the reproach impUed in the ex- planation attempted of Gen. Houston's opposition to annexation. If, however, his friends stiU insist upon this explanation, and if it lie true, as they say, that he made the vain and infamous boast attributed to him in New Orleans, implying that this great American measure had been effected by fraud and deception on his part, I cannot help it. I have done my part in disabusing the public mind on this subject, and in vindicating the fair fame of my country from this vile reproach, and her history from Digitized by Microsoft® 590 LETTERS, ETC. [185Y. the foul dishonor of such conduct. Gen. Houston's friends may now take either horn they please of the dilemma — admit that he was vitally opposed to annexation, or that he accomphshed it hy " coquetry " — that is, by a course of " successful trickery ; " but if they choose the latter, I shall be fully prepared to show that it was accomplished not only without his aid, but in direct opposition to his policy, and without coquetry, fraud, or the least dissimulation. Astsoh' Jones. [M-om M. D. Ector.\ Henderson, Rusk Co., June 5th, ISST. Hon. Anson Jones : Dear Sie, — ^It '-d understood here that Gen. Houston says that portion of the treaty of 1 844 made at Washington by Van Zandt, Henderson, and Calhoun, for the annexation of Texas, by ' which it was agreed that all of the public lands of Texas should be given to the United States Government, in consideration that they would assume the payment of the public debt of Texas, was made without his (Houston's) authority, and against his express instructions. As you were Secretary of State at that time, I have addressed you this note, desiring, if it is con- sistent with your feelings, that you will inform me of the facts as they really existed. By attending to this promptly you will confer a favor. In doing so I hope you will give me a particular account of the whole matter for publication. I have been in- formed that in many instances instructions were given directly by Gen. Houston, and not through the Secretary of State, — SS. any are not in the archives of the Government, will you partic- ularly specify such instructions as were given in your hearing, verbally,