SPECIMENS LANGUAGES OF INDI iaC!LUX)I.'iC(«^taiSP'«»'lv-f^^^ ABORIGINAL TRIBES" OF BENGAL CENTRAL PROVINCES, AND THE EASTERN FRONTIER. PRINTED AT I'HE BENGAL SECEETAlJEVr PHESti .87L CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE Cornell University Library PK 1502.A1 1874 Specimens of lang"XHiiiiiHiiMiiiiiiiiilim 3 1924 023 063 799 »".««2 II Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924023063799 SPECIMENS LANGUAGES OF INDIA, INCLUDING THOSE OF THH ABORIGINAL TRIBES OF BENGAL, CENTRAL PROVINCES, AND THE EASTERN FRONTIER. PRINTED AT THE BENGAL SECRETARIAT PRESS. 1874. SPECIMENS OF LANGUAGES OF INDIA, IMClUDIHCf THOSE OP THE ABORIGINAL TRIBES OF BENGAL, CENTRAL PROVmCES, AND THE EASTERN FRONTIER. For this collection of language-specimens, I am chiefly indebted to the officers now serving under me, and to those whom I formerly engaged in such work when I administered the Central Provinces. I have also obtained, for the purposes of comparison, specimens of the principal languages of other provinces, for which I am indebted to the kindness of friends and fellow-workmen with whom I have served in different parts of India. The Hon'ble R. Egerton has procured for me a most interesting and important collection of Punjab languages prepared by Messrs. Udney, Gladstone, Tucker, Hawkins, and others ; and to the Hon'ble R. Dalyell I am indebted for a collection of the civilised Dravidian languages of Southern India. The Hon'ble A. Eden, Chief Commissioner of British Burmah, has been good enough to procure for me several of the languages of that country. The Political Agents in Khelat and Cashmere, Major Harrison and Mr. LePoer Wynne, have favoured me with the languages of those localities. The'Mahratta and Guzratee specimens have been procured by Mr. Redder, c.s., to whom my best thanks are due. Collected as these specimens chiefly have been by working officers, burdened with many duties, and without any prescribed system of transliteration or spelling, it is probable that most of them cannot pretend to scientific accuracy ; but I have sought to make up for this by the number and variety of specimens of the less known languages, by which the various dialects may be compared and the forms may be checked and ascertained. It has also been impossible- to examine them critically in passing through the press. My hope is that the abundant raw materials thus afforded will afford ample scope for the work of the scientific philologist, I trust that from the materials thus available, much scientific information and order may be educed by competent hands into whicb these language-specimens may find their way. ( 2 ) Meantime, I believe that already, from a mere rough comparison, much practical work in regard to the classification of people and tribes has been done, and may be done, even without scientific philology. The words and phrases have been selected with a view to test radical afiinities, and already evident aflBnities may be traced, and the tribes may be classified better than has heretofore been possible. This was, in fact, the primary and official object of undertaking the work, and the justification of all the labour which it has involved. The many officers who have undertaken that labour so zealously and so well, may, then, be assured that from a practical as well as from a philological point of view their work is not without fruit. I tender to them my very best thanks. In these provinces I may especially distinguish among many good workers, as having taken a large share in this compilation — Colonel Dalton, Commissioner of the Chota Nagpore territories. ,, Hopkinson, Commissioner of Assam. Mr. Metcalfe, Commissioner of Cooch Behar. ,, Ravenshaw, Commissioner of Orissa. ,, Edgar, Deputy Commissioner of Darjeeling. Major Clarke, Deputy Commissioner of Luckimpore. Lieutenant Trotter, Superintendent of Police, Durrung. Captain Lewin, Deputy Commissioner of Chittagong Hill Tracts. „ Butler, Political Agent, Naga Hills. Mr. Power, c.s.. Political Agent, Hill Tipperah. ,, HaUiday, Magistrate of Tirhoot. '^ „ Alexander, Magistrate of Shahabad. Colonel Lamb, Deputy Commissioner of Kamroop. „ Bivar, Deputy Commissioner of Khasi Hills. ,, Rowlatt, Deputy Commissioner of Manbhum. Revd. S. Endle. ,, L. Skrefsend. „ A. Whitley. I do not purpose to attempt here any comparisons of the languages shown. I have neither the time nor the ability to do so. Fortunately the language-specimens were obtained before famine came upon us, and now that the printing is completed, I issue them with the briefest possible note. I will only mention one or two salient features in the classification of the non- Aryan tribes of these territories, which the specimens render self-evident. .( 3 ) It is very clear that most of the aboriginal tribes of the Central Provinces and several of those of Western Bengal (including in these latter the Dangars, Oraons of Chota Nagpore, Paharies of Rajmehal, and Khonds of Orissa) are radi- cally allied to the Dravidians. Intermixed with these tribes, but speaking a language quite without affinity to the Dra vidian^ tongues, are the tribes which I call Kolarian, forming a minority among the aborigines of the Central Pro- vinces, but a great majority among those of Western Bengal. Throughout the western borders of Bengal, and all over the Chota Nagpore country, these people are very numerous and prolific, and form large, settled, and civilised communities among the best of ijer Majesty's Indian subjects. Strange as it may seem, I believe that their very fully developed language has not yet been found to have any affinity with any other groups of language whatever, except with one now rapidly dying-out tongue, far away on the eastern side of the Bay of Bengal, the Mon or Talain of Pegu, with which some affinities are, I think, apparent. The specimens numbered 9 and 10 make it clear that all the non-Aryan languages of the Darjeeling, Bhootan, and Nepalese Hills are of the Thibetan type. In the border plains of Eastern Bengal, Assam, and Cachar, and the lower hills bounding these countries, we come on a group of tongues evidently very nearly allied to one another, and which show that a large number of tribes, extending, under very different conditions, over a wide extent of country, and known by different names, are in fact closely cognate. This fact is the more important, because a large part of the population of Eastern Bengal is universally recognised to be cognate to the tribes speaking these languages. This group comprises the Cooches and Meches of Cooch Behar the Sub-Himalayan Dooars and Goalpara, the Cacharees and Mekirs of Assam and Cachar, the Garos of the Garo Hills, and the Tipperahs of Hill Tipperah. Most of the civilized Cooches have lost their language, but all their traditions acknowledge their relationship to the Meches, who speak a language regarding which there can be no doubt. Under the name of Rajbunsees, Pullees, &c., people nearly allied to these form a large proportion of the population of the great districts of Rungpore and Dinagepore, as well as of Julpigoree, Goalpara, and parts of Assam. They are also found in the Dacca and Mymensing districts. Probably then these people form the main stock of the population of North-Eastem Bengal and Lower Assam, as well as of all the lower eastern hills. Beyond these lower hills we have a great variety of tribes whose languages are very distinct from that of the Cacharees Garos Tipperahs &c., though those of the Kookees and other tribes (see the Looshai dialect and the Khumi of ( 4 ) Chittagong and Burmah, and also the Munipooree) are not without considerable traces of affinity to the above. Going farther on this eastern frontier, we become involved m many languages, the affinities of which I cannot now attempt to trace. We have several specimens of civilised Shan languages in Upper Assam. The tribes to the north-east of Assam speak a set of languages the affinities of which I know not, but of which specimens are given. There was question whether the various tribes known to us as Nagas were really identical, or might not be found to comprise many dissimilar tribes. The language-specimens obtained from several different quarters show that all the Nagas speak a language substantially identical. The language of the Khasi and Jynteah Hills is substantially one, and a very peculiar one, apart from all these others. Several dialects of this language are given. The comparison of languages of Burmah with several others enables us to trace the more or less remote connection of most of these with the languages of the south-eastern frontier of Bengal, and also the curious affinity between the old Pegu language and the Kolarian tongues of Western Bengal. Calcutta, G. CAMPBELL. The 20th February 1874. CONTENTS. Page. 1.— AETAN LANGUAGES OF BENGAL, HINDUSTAN, AND THE BOMBAY TEEEITORIES 3 to 21 2.— LANGUAGES OF THE PUNJAB AND NEIGHBOUEING COUNTEIES 24 to 41 3.— DEAVIDIAN LANGUAGES OF SOUTHEEN AND CENTEAL INDIA ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 44 to 57 4.— DIALECTS OF BEHAE 60 to 75 6.— ABOEIGINAL LANGUAGES OF WESTEEN BENGAL (KOLAEIAN TYPE) 78 to 91 6.— FUETHEE ABOEIGINAL LANGUAGES OF WESTEEN BENGAL (CHIEFLY DEAVIDIAN TYPE) 94 to 107 7.— ABOEIGINAL LANGUAGES OF THE CENTEAL PEOVINOES (KOLAEIAN AND DEAVIDIAN) 110 to 123 8.— FUETHEE ABOEIGINAL LANGUAGES OF THE CENTEAL PEOVINOES (DEAVIDIAN, CHIEFLY GOND) 126 to 139 9.— THIBETAN AND BHOOTEA LANGUAGES 142 to 147 10.— COOCH BEHAE, DAEJEELING (SIKHIM), AND NEPALESE LANGUAGES 150 to 163 11.— ASSAM LANGUAGES ... 168 to 186 12.— LANGUAGES OF THE TIPPEEAH, CHITTAGONG, AND CAOHAE FEONTIEE 188 to 201 13.— FUETHEE lANGUAGES FEOM TIPPEEAH AND CACHAE... 204 to 217 14.— LANGUAGES OF HILLS SUEEOUNDING ASSAM AND CACHAE 220 to 235 15.— LANGUAGES OF THE NOETH-EAST OF ASSAM 238 to 251 16.^DIALE0TS OF NAGA. TRIBES OF THE SEEBSAUGOE FEONTIEE .., 254to269 17.— LANGUAGES OF THE KHASI AND JYNTEAH HILLS ... 272 to 283 ia*-UfeS^KiiEPs. OF msmmM^' ©isMEA^a) with others . . . 286 to-303 LIST OF WORDS ATO PHUASES SHOWING SOMK OI THB PRINCIPAL ARYAN LANGUAGES OF INDIA. 2 List of Words and Phrases showing some English. Hindee. Bengalee. One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Ten Twenty- Fifty . Hundred I Of me Mine We Of us Our Thou Of thee Thine You Of you Your He Of him His They Of them Their Ek, Ekgo, Ektho Do, Dogo, Do the Tin, Tingo, Tintho Ch&r, Chargo, Chirtho ... Panch Panehgo, Pantho Chha, Chhau, Chhago, Chhotho Sat, Satgo, S4ttho Ath, Athgo, Aththo Nau, Naugo, Nautho ... Das, Dasgo, Dastho Bis, Bisgo, Bistho Pachas, Pachasgo, Pachastho Sau, Sai, Saugo, Sautho Main, Ham Mer4, H4mar Mer&, H&mar Ham, Ham4ni HamS.ra, Ham4illk&, Hamsohinkaer Hamara, Ham4nika, Hamar&ni Tu,T6u .T^r&, Tohar, Tore Tera, Tohar, Teri Turn, Toh&ni Tumhar&, Tohanike, Tohar, Tohram- keir. Tumh4r&, Tuh&r, Toh4nike Wuh Uska, Okar ... TJska, O-kar W^, Ukani, Ohney Unka, TJnika, Onkar ... Okonik4, TJnk&nhinki, Onkoror, Onhinikair. In common use. Ek Dui Tin Ch4r Paneh Chhai ... S4t At Nai Das Bis, Euri... Panchas ... Ek sat, Sau Ami, Mui... Mor, Amar Same as ahove Mora, Amra Mod& ... Same as "of us" Tui, Tumi VTor, Tomar Tor&, Tomr4 ! Toder, Tom&der [t&t Tara (lAder ... In use among the edmcated class, Ek Dui Tin ChAri ... Panch Chhai sat At, Ashto... Nai Das Bis, Kuri... Panchas ... Ek sat, Sau Ami Am&r ... ,,. Same as above Amr4 Am4der, Amidiger ... Same as "of us" Tumi, Apani Tom4r, Apan4r ... Tomra, Apanara Tomadiger, Apan&diger Tini T&h4r, Tahaiir T&h4r4, Tahaiira T4h4der, Tahauder .., 1 ■I of the Principal Aryan Languages of India. Mahrattee. Guzerattee. Oorya. Blnglish. Ek Don Teen CMr PSnch SahS, sat Jttli Now Daha Vis Fannas Shambhar ... Mi M. P. N. Singular. — ^Majha, Majhi, Majhen P^araZ.— Majhay, Majhya, Majhin Amhi Singular. — Amcha, AmcH, Amshain Flwral. — Amoli^y, Amcheya, Amchin Tun Tdjha, Tnjhi, Tujhain ... Tnjhay, Ttijheya, Tujhin Tumhi ... ..; Tumcha, Tumchi, Tumohain ... Tumohay, Tumcheya, Tumcliiij ... To Te^eM, Teachi, Teachen Te4chey, T^4chaya, Teachm T^y, T&, O^n Te4noha, Te&nohi, Te4nchen , , Tedncliey, Te4nc]iay&, Te&nchin ... tran Ek Trina, Ch4r P4nch Chha S&t Ath Nav Das Vis PacMs So Hun }M4ru M4ru Am^ ^ Am4ru ) Amaru Tlin !T4ru T4ini Tame \ Tamdni i Tam&ni T^ ^T^h^nti 3 T^ he nu Te 6 ... •\ 1& hi manu ) T^ h^ manii Ek ... Dui ... Tini ... CMri ... P&nolia... ;.. I Chhaa ... S&ta ... Atha ... NaaNa Dasa ... Eodie ... Panch^sa, Paoh4s ... Sata, Sae Ambhq, Ame, Muhi Amar, Ambh4ra, Mohar. Ambhara, Mohar. Amar, Ambbem&ne, Ame- mane. Ambhamanankar, Amam4nankar. Ambham4nankar Amamanankar. ABana, Tumbhe, Tume Tu. Apanankar, Tum- bhara, Tumar, Tor. Apanankar, Tum- bhara, Tumar, Tor. Apanam^neTumbhe- mane, Tumemane. Apauam4nankar, Tumbham&nankar, Tumam4uankar. Apanam&nankar, Tumbhamanankar, Tumamdnankar. Se T4hl,nkar, Tdnkar, T&h&ra, Tar. T&hankar Tdnkar, Tahara, Tar. Sem^ne... Sem4hankar Sem^nankar Ek Dui Tini Chiri, Sari PMch Chhai, Soi... Bit, Hit ... Ath, At ... Na Dah Euri Panch&s, Pansas Eksa, Ha ... Mai Mor Mor Ami Amalokar ... Amalokar ... Tumi, Tai, Apuni Tom4r, Teor Tomar, Apani,]; Tumi, TomoMk Tomar, Tomilokar Tomalokar, Tomar Se, Teo ... Teor, Tar ... Teor, Tar ... Teobilak, Seheta Teobilakar, Sihatar Teobilakar, Tahatar One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. Ten. Twenty. Fifty, Hundred. I Of me. Mine. We. Of us. Our. Thou. Of thee. Thine. You. Of you, Your. He. Of him. His. They. Of them. Their. List of Words and Phrases showing some of the English. Hindee. ■ Bengalee. In common use. In use among, the educated class. Hand H4t, Banah... H4t ... ... . Hasta Foot P&on, God ... P4 P4, Pada ... Nose N&k, N&sika K4k Nak, N4sik4 Eye Ankh, Nayana Chok Chokhu, Nayana Mouth Miih, Miikh, Muiih ... Miikh . . Badan, Mdkh Tooth D4nt, Dantan Dant Danta Ear K4n E4n Earna, Kan Hair B41, Kesha ... Chul Kesh, Chul Head Sir, Mantha, Mur M&tha ... Mastuek Tongue Jab&n, Jihh, Jiba Jib Jihba Belly Peth, Lod ... P^t Udar, P4t... Back Pith Pit Pristha, Pit Iron Loh4 Lo4 Loh4 Gold Sona, Subarna Son4 Suarna, Suburna Silver rr. Nophra, Ch&ndee Eup4 Eoupya ... Father Bap, Pita ... Bap, Bab4 Pit4 Mother Ma, Maye, M4ta, Matari Ma M4t4 Brother Bhai, Bharata Bh&i Bhr4t4 ... Sister Bahin Biin Bhogini ... Man M&nush, Admi M4nu3 Manusya ... Woman Aurat, Meraru Meye in4nus StrUok ... Wife Aurat, Joru, Meraru, Stri M4g Potni, Stri Child Ler-ka, Piitni, Bachha ... Chhele ... Sant4n ... Son Beta, Put ... Beta Putra, Sut, Janau Daughter Lerki, Beti, Mayewan ... Meye Kanya, Duhita Slave Gu-14m, Naphar D4s D4S Cultivator Chasi, Kis4n Ch4s4- ... Krisak ... Shepherd Bherihara, Bagal, Gauri, Bhoredar... E&kh41 ... E4kh41, Meshp41ak ... God Bhaga-w4n ... Debt&, Ishuar Ishuar ... Devil Bhut,Asur... Bhut Bhut, Pish&ch Sun Siiriij Sujjee Surjya, Dib4kar Moon Ch4nd, Chandar-ma ... Chand ... Chandra ... Star T4r4 T4r4 ... Nakhyatra Principal Aryan Languages of India. — (Continued.) fl Mahrattee. Guzerattee, Oorya. Assamese. English. Hat Hdth, B^ju, Acshar, Daskat. Hasta, Hata Hat Hand. P4e Pag, Ek jata nu map P4da, PahulaPdhun- da, Khoja. Bhari Foot. N&k mk ... N&S&, N4ka N4k Nose. pola Ankha ... Chakhyu, Akhi Saku, Bhaku Eye. T6nd Moho ... Mukha, Miiha,uP4ti, Tunda. Mukh, Bet Mouth. Dant Dant ... Danta, Danta Dat, Daut Tooth. Kan K4n ... Kama, K&na K4n Ear. Kens B41, NimM4, V41 ... Kesa, Bala Suli, Chnli... Hair. Doken M4thu... Mastaka, Munda ... Mur Head. Jibh Jibha ... Jihw4, Jibha Jibh4,Jib4 Tongue. P6t Pdt ... Udara, Peta Pet Belly. Path Pith, Baido, Vdnso... Prustha, Pithi Pithi Back. Lokhand ... Lohodhu Lonha, Luh4 Lo Iron. Sonen Sonu ... Swarna, Suna Hon, Son ... Gold. Eupen Eiipu ... Eoupya, Eup4 Riip Silver. B4p B4pa ... Pita, Bapa, B&ba ... Bopae Father. Ai m.k, Bk M4ta, M4 Ai Mother. BMd Bhae, Bandu Blirat4, Bh4i Bhai, Kakai Brother. Bahin Behen ... Bhagini, Bhauni ... Bhaia Sister, Punish, Maaushya Maiias ... Manusya, Manisa Manasa, Purusa, Minipa. Manuh, Munih Man. Baeko, Stri... Bayadi, Strt Stri, StrUa, Tila, M4ikinia. Tirota, Maiki Woman. Baeko, Patni Bh4rjy4, Bharij4 M4ipa. Ghaini, Tirota Wife. Miil Chhokro Balaka, Pil4 Tara, Soali... ChUd. Mulga, Piittra Dikro, Chhokro ... Putra, Pua Po, Pitek Son. Mulgi, Kanya Dikri, Chhokri Kanya, Jhia, Jhna ... Ji or Jik ... Daughter. Gul4m, D4s... Giil4m ... D4sa, Poil4 Golam, Tiger4bundi, Bahatia. Slave. (Mas.) Khedut... D4si, Poili, Poil4ni... Chasi, Chas4,^Tas4... ' Khetiak ... Do.* (Fern.) Shetkari Cultivator. Dhangar Bharv4d, Eab&ri ... Chhelirakh4, Chhelia Gorakhia, Bakhia Shepherd. Dev Parme^var, Isvar ... Iswara, Prabhii. ... Ishwar, Gohai God. Bhiit, Saltan Bhiit, Pret, Pis4,ch... Bhuta ... Bhiit Devil. Siiraj ... Siiraj ... Stirjya Benli, Huruj Sun. Chandra, Chand Chandrma Chandra, Ch4nda, Jahna. Jou Moon. Chandni, Naksatra, Tara T4ro ... T4r4, Nakhyatra, Tara. Tara Star. 1 List of Words and Phrases showing some of the English. Hindee. Bengalee. In common use. In use a/mong the educated class. Fire Ag Agun Agni Water P4ni Jal, P4ni... Jal House Ghar, Geh ... Ghar, B4ri Bati, Griha Horse Ghor4, Gharwa Ghor4 Ghotak, Ghor4, Ashwa Cow G4e Gai-garu G&bhi ... Dog . ... Eut-ta Kukiir ... Eiikiir ... Cat Bil-H Ber41 ... Biral Cock Murug Eukura ... Kukura ... Duck PSti haus, Ohakwi H4nsh ... P4tihangsa Abb Gad-dha ... G&d4 Gardhaba... Camel Unt Ut TJt, Ustra... Bird Panchhi, Pakheru P4khi ... P4khi, Pakhyi Go * Jan4, Jou ... J&on J4wa, Goman karau ... Eat Eh5,n&, Khou, Kh&, Khali Khaw6 ... Ah4r, Bhokyun karau Sit Baithn4, Baith Basa Basa karau Come AimS, A6' ... As4 Asa, Agamun karan ... Beat Marna,M&r... Thengan ... M4r4 Stand Khar4hon&, Khara Daran ... D4ran ... Die Mamn, Marjo, Mu4 Mar4 Mar4 Give Dena, De ... Deo-a Deo-a Bun Daurna, Dour Douran ... Douran ... Up Upar Upar TJpar Near Nagich, bhir-lag Kdehh^ ... Nikate ... Down Nich, Henthe Talaye ... Nichfe, Nimne Far Dur,P&114 ... Ddr Diir Before Ag6 Agfe Agra, Purbe Behind Piohhe, Pichu P4che Paseh4t ... Who Kion K& Efe What Eiya Ki Ki Why Kahe, Ki4ho Kfena Kijanya ... And Aiir Ar Ebang ... But Le-kin, Magar Kintti Eintu If Agar, Jaiin, Jo Jadi Jadyapi ... Yes Han Achh4 ... Han No Neh M N& Alas H&-e HA-e H4-e, Aha A father Ek-b6p, or ego bip Ekb4p ... Ekpit4 ,. Principal 4^ryan Languages of India. — (Continued.) Mahrattee. Guzerattee. Oorya. AsBamese. English. Vistu Devt4 ... Agni, Ni4h, Jui ... Jui Fire. Pani P4ni, Jal ... Jala, Pani Pani Water. Giar Ghar, Kholdu Gruha, Ghara Gbar House. Ghora Ghodo ... Aswa, Ghod4 GborS Horse. G&e G4ya ... Gabi, Gki Garu Cow. Euttra Eutro ... Knkkura Eukur Dog. Manjar Bal4di, Mini BirSdi, Bil4i, Pusi ... Mekuri, Berali Cat. Kombarra (Komra) Murgo, Klikdo, Mar- gado. Kukkuta Eukud4 ... Eukur4 ... Cock. BadaTr Batak ... Bataka, Patihangsa, Enjihangsa. Patibah ... Duck. Gadhav Gadbedu Garddabha, Gadha. . . Gadba Ass. Tint Unt ... Ostra, Ota m Camel. Palfhnin ... Pakshi, Pankhi Pakhyi, Chad4i Sar4i Bird. Ja J4 J4a, J4... Ja, J4o, Baul Go. ITM E]i4tu, Kh4, JamaTu EbAa, EM Eb4, Eh4o... Eat. Bais (Imperative Mood) Bes, Besvn Basa, Bas, Ba Bab, Boha... Sit. Te Ava Asa, A... Ab, Aba ... Come. M4r Marvu, M4r, Tipvn. Tliokvu. Mara, Pita Mar, Mara... Beat. Ubha-UbM-Ubhain, Eah& UbhareTU, Besui ... Pbi4Chhid4,Ub]i&... Tbe4da, Tbi4di4, Tbeoba Stand. Mar Marijavii Mara Mar Die. D4 Apa, Apvii Dia, De De, Dia ... Give. DMon Doda, Dodvu, N4svu DQ4n Danda, Dbanda Lar, Lara ... Kun. Var TTpar ... Upara ... Fpar, Opao Up. Javal, Zawal P&s^ ... Nikata, Pakha Pisa Osar Near. Kh41in Nicbe, Hethal-hethe Tala ... Pal Down. Ddr Dlir.Agliu, Cbb^t^... Diira, DMra Antara Nilog durai Par. Purhen, Purvin, Samor... Ag4u, Mo]io4gal ... Purba, Aga Agui, agot, ag Before. Magain Pachliadi, Pacbhal... Pascbat, Pacbha .. Pissot, pasot, pisf41e ... Bebind. E6n, Jo ... Eon Ei, Eie (interroga- tive) Je (relative). Eori (interrogative), jee (relative). Wbo. Zay? Sd, or Cu 8 Eana, Ei, Eisa ... Ki (interrogative), ji (reltive). Wbat. K4u K^m, Sf4w4ste Eip4n, k&binki Eia, kelei ... Wby. Sni An^-tatli4 Ebang, Au Auri, Aru And. Pan, Parantu Pan-parantti Eintu, M4tra,Puni... Eintu But. .lar Jo, To, Agar Jadi, Jebe Jadi K H6e H4 H4n, Han, Hui ... Hai, or era Yes. N4hin Nahi ... JSI4, N4bin Wahai or ndi No. V Arrey, H4e-h4e Arere, H4e-hae Ah4, H4h4 Hai-bai Alas. Bdp Ekb4p... Ekapit4, Ekab&pa,.. Ejon bopai, bopai eta ... A fatber. lAst of Words and Phrases showing some of the English. Hindee. Bengalee. In common use. In use among the echtcated class. Of a father ... BS,pk4, or ki, or keir ... Ek b4per ... Ek pit4r ... To a father .., B&p-ko, or b4p kone B4pke Pit4ke ... From a father. B4p-se Ekb4pth41 Pit4 haete Two fathers ... L)o-b4p Dui bap ... Uuipit4 ... Father^ B4p log, Bap&n B4b4r4 ... Fit4sakala Of fathers B 4b4 -logk &, Bapsabki, B &pankeir . . . B4pder ... Pit4der, Pitasakaler ... To fathers . . . B4ba sab k4, or ki, or ke B4pdigake Pita digak^, rit4sakalete From fathers... Bap-sab-se ... B4pderthai Pit4der haet6. Pita sakala haete . . . A daughter ... Eik-larki, beti, or chhokre Ekmey^ ... Ekkaiiy4... Of a daughter . Larki-kd, or keir Ek m^yer Ek kanyar ... ,..• To a daughter. Larkiko, orke Ek mey^te, or ke Ek kanyate, or ke From a daugh- ter. Larki se Ekm^ygrth4i Ek kanya hoite Two daughters . Do larki Dui m^ye... Dui kanya ... ... Daughters ... Larkiaii, Betisabo, Betin M^y^ra ... Kanyagan Of daughters ... Larkiotika, or Betin keir Mly^der ... Kanyader ,., ,„ ■ To daughters .. Larkioiiko, Beti sabko M^y6 subke M^yldigake, kanyadigake From daughters Larkioii se, Beti sub-se M^yMerth4I Kanyader haete ... „, A good man ... Eik bh414, or b^s, or achh4 manoosh Ek bh41a 16k ... .,. Ek uttum manusya ... Of a good man. Eik bh&l&, or bes, or achh& m&noosh- k4, or ki, or ker Ekbh41alok^r Ek nttum manusyer ... i To a good man. Eikbh414,orb^s, or aehhd m4nooshk4 or ko Ek bh41a lok ke, or te Ek uttum manusya ke, or te ... • From a good Eik bh4i4 4dmi sen, or se Ek bh41a lok thai ... Ek uttum manusya haet^ man. 8 Principal Aryan Languages of India. — (Continued.) 9 Mahrattee. Guzerattee. Oorya. AssameBe. English. B4p4 cha, cki, chain B4p4 chay, cteya, chin... Bapa-la Bapap&siin... Dow bap B&p .BopeJra— Cha-chi-chain ... Bwpdn — Chay-cheya-ehin Bdpan-la B&p4n pa sun Mulgi M&lgi — Cha, chi, chen Mulgi — Chay, cheya, chin Mulgi — La-sa-ten Mulgi p4 sun Don Mulgya Mi^lgy4 Mvlgydn—Gha., chi, chen Mulgy&n — Chay, cheya, chin Mulgyan — La, sa, ten-na JJiilgyto pa sun Changla manushya Tsangaley ntanushya — Cha, chi, chen Tiangaley ■manushya— Che j, chay4, chin. Tsangaley manushya — La, sa, ten... Tsangaley manushya — La, sa, ten, na Tsangaley manushya — Pa, sun B&pno ,„ B&p p&se, Bap kane B&pn4 taraf thi B^ b&p ... B4p ... B4pno ... 64p p4se, Bap kane, Bapne. 6apn4 taraf thi Ek dikri Dikrinu Dikri p4se, dikri kane, dikri taraf. Dikri taraf thi, dikri pase thi, dikri kanC' thi. Be dikri Dikrio Dikrionii Dikrio ne, dikrio pa- se, dikrio taraf. Dikrio taraf thi Ek s4ru m4uas . S4r4 in4nas nu ... |S4ra m4na8ne-taraf- se. S4r4 m4ua8 taraf thi Ekpit4r, Ekab4p4r... Ekapit4ku, Ekab4- paku. Ekapit4th4ru, Ekba- path4ru. Duipil4, Duib4pa ... Pit4mane, Bap4nane Pitam4n4nkar, Bapa- m4nankar. Pit4m4nanku B4pa m4nanku. Pitam4nankath 4ru, B 4pam4nankath 4tu. Eka kany4, Gotie jhia, Jhiatie. Eka kany4r, Gotie jhiar, Jhiatira. Eka kany4ku, Gotie Jhiaku, Jhiatiku. Eka kany4th4ru, Gotie jhiath4ru. ' Dui kany4, Dui jhia. Jhia dioti. Kany4m4ne, Jhi- am4ne, Jhiagudie. Kany4m4nankar, Jhi- am4nankar, Jhiagu- dinkar. Eaiiy4m4naiiku, Jhi- aiu4nanku, Jhiagu- dinku. £any4manankath4- ru, Jhiam4nanka- tharn, Jhiagudin- katharn. Eka or jane uttam loka, Bhadroloku- tie, Bhalamanusia- tie. Eka or jane uttum lokar, Bhadrolokar, Bholamanusiar. Eka nttam lokaku, Bhadra lokutiku, Jane bhalamanusia- ku. Eka uttam lokath4ru, Eka bhadra loka- th4ru, Jane bhala manusiath4ru. Bop4ir-bopekar Bopai lai, bopekalai Bopair per4 Duijon bopar, duta bopek Bopai bilok, bopekhat, bopai sakul. Bopai bilakar, bopekhater, bopai sakaler. Bopai bilakolai bopek hatalai, bopai sakalak lai Bopai bilakar pera, bo- pekhater pera, bopai sakaler pera. Ejaniji Ejanijir ... Ejani jilai ji, ejani lai ... Ejani jir hera Duijaniji... Jih4t, jihilak Jihatar, jibilaker Jihatalai ... Jehater pera, jibilaker pera. Ejon bhal manuh, haj manuh egraki, bhal manuha eta. Ejon bh41 m4nuher, ha manuh egrakir, bhal manuha eta. Bh41 m4nuh holai, haj manuh egrakilai, eta bhal m4nuhalai. Bh41 m4nuher pera, haj manuh egrakirpera, eta bh41 m4nuhar per4, Of a father. To a father. From a father. Two fathers. Fathers. Of fathers. To fathers. Prom fathers. A daughter. Of a daughter. To a daughter. From a daugh- ter. Two daughters. Daughters. Of daughters. To daughters. From daugh- ters. A good man. Of a good man. To a good man. From a good man. 10 List of Words and Phrases shmoing some of the English. Hindee. Bengalee. Two good men. Good men Of good men To good men ... From good men Do bhale m&noosh Bh&le m&noosh log, Bes log Bh&Ie minooshou k4, or ker Bh41e manooshou kti .., Bhale maaooshoii sen, or se In common ■. Dui bh&la lok Bhala lok sab BMla lok der Bh41a lok subke, or te Bh&la lok der thai A good woman Eik-bhala 4urat, Eik b€s merard A bad boy Good women ... A bad girl Good Better Best High Higher Highest A horse A mare Horses Mares A bull Eik-kharab-lark&, Eik dingar lark4... Bh41e &uratou, B^s mer&nin Eik-khar4b-larki, Ek dingar chokri Achh4, B4s, Kitnan, Suthra nsen-4chh4, Okra se b^s Ba-hut, or anek 4chh4, Sub se b€s ... Uch4 Unsen-'ach4, Okr4se uch4 Sab-3en-uch4, Sub se ucha Eik ghor4 ... Eik ghuri, or ghori Ghor4 sab, Ghorewan .., Ghuri sab, Ghorian Eik s4nr, Bail, Bulad ... Ek bh4Ia m4gi Ek kh4r4p chhokra Bh41a m4gira Ek kh4r4p chhuri Bh4la In 'Use among the educated class. Dui uttum manusya ... Uttum manusya sakal ■I Uttum manusya sakaler Uttum manusya diga ke, or te ... Uttum manusya diger haete Ek uttum strilok Ek manda b41ak Uttum strilokera Manda balika Bh41a, Uttam ■1 The same with the noun with which comparison is made in the abla- ) tive case. The same with noun in ablative and all prefixed to it Ochu 7 The i " The same as in " better" and best." Ek ghora... Ek ghuri ... Uchchya ... Ek ghor4, Ashwa Ek ghuri, Ghotokee The plurals are formed by prefixing numerals or adjectives of number, as, several, many, &c. Shaiirh Shaurh, Brisha 10 Principal Aryan Lcmguages of India. — (Continued.) 11 Mahrattee. Gnzerattee. Ooryah. English. Pou Tsangale manushya Tsangaley manfishya ... Tsangaley mamashyan—Chk, chi, chen. Tsangaley manuihyang—Chej, chaya chill. Tsangaley manushayang, pa, siin Ciangli b&eko Waetmulga Tshangalya b4eka Be s4r4 m4iias S4r& miiiaso ■ S4ra m4uaso nu Duiuttam loka, Bha- dra lokajodie, £ha- la manusia duheu. Uttam lokamane, Bhalamanusiajodi. 8ar4 maiiso-pase- taraf-ne. Skih. m^iiaso taraf thi Diiijon lah&l in4nah, Haj manuh dugaraki, duita bhal manuha. BMl miimh bilek, haj manuh bilak, bh&l ma- nuha bor. Waet mulgi Tsdng— La,, ]i,\eii Chang— lisj, leya, lin ... Tehsh&n... rtsangala, li, len H4n ...\ tsangaley, leya, lin SarvdnPehsa ... rtsangala, li, len Sarodn Eun ,. j tsangaley, leya, (. liii- 1 Unch PeJesha ..A E4n ...J Unch Sarvdn Peksha ") [ Unch Sarvan Hun ... ) Ghora Ghori Ghorey Ghodya Bail Sari bayadi Ek k]iar&b-nath4ro- khoto chhokaro. S4ri b4yadio Nath&ri chhokri , S4ru ... Vadh4re, S4ru S4r4man, S4ru Unchd ... Vadh4re Unchu , Unch4 man unchu , Ek ghodo Ghodi ... Ghoda ... Ghodio ... Akhlo-Sand Uttam lokankar.Bha- dra lokagudinkar, Bhalamanusiankar. Uttamlokanku, Bha- dralokanku, Bhala- manusianku. Uttam lokankath4ru, Bhadra lokankatha- ru, Bhalamunsian- katharu. Eka uttom atri, Bha- dra maipati, Bhala- m4ipatie. Eka manda balaka, Nakar4 pil4tie, N4- kar4 tok4tar. Uttam strim4ne,Bhala maipe, Achh4 maipi- gudie. Eka manda toki, I^4kar4 takit4e. Uttam, Bhala, Achh4 Apekhyakrutanttam, F4th4ru bhala or Achh4. Atiuttam, Bese Uchcha, Uncha Apekhy4krutauchcha, T4th4ru uncha. Atiuchcha, Bh4ri- uucha. Eka as wa,Eka ghod4, 6hod4tie. Eka ghodi, Ghoditie Aswa samuha, Ghod4- j4ka, Ghodipala Ghodigud4e, Ghodi- gud4ka. Ghodi samuha Ghodi- j4ka, Ghodipala Ghodigud4e, Gho- digud4ka. Eka saudha, iSandhu- t4e. Bh41 m4nuh bilaker, haj manuh bilaker, bhal m4nuha borar. Bh41 manuh bil4k41ai, haj manuh bilaklai. Bhal manuh bUakarpera, haj manuh bilakarpera. Ejini bhal tirata, haj tirota egaraki; ejini bhol maike. Ejon, or eta bia lor4 ... Bhal tirota bhil4k, haj tirota bUak, chikon m4ikibor. Ejani be4 so41i Bh41, Haj or Baru Bara bhal, Barut koi baru aru bh41. Uti bh41, uti baru bha- lat kai bh41. Okha Bar okha, aru okhar4 ... Uti okha, okhat kai okha Eta ghor4 Ejajii ghuri Ghorabor, ghora bilak... Ghuribor, maiki ghora, Ghuribilak. Ek bhatara, H4r Two good men. Good men. Of good men. To good men. From good men. A good woman, A bad boy. Good women. A bad girl. Good. Better. Best. High. Higher. Highest. A horse. A mare. Horses. Mares. AbuU. __ List of Words and Phrases showing some of. the English. Hindee. Bengalee. A COW Bulls Cows A dog A bitch Dogs Sitches A he goat A female goat Goats A male deer ... A female deer Deer I am Thou art He is We are You are They are I was Thou wast 12 In common use. Eik gai Bhot sakal, Sab s&nr Gai sakal, Gaian Eik kutta ... Eik kutti ... Kutta sakal, Kutaun ... Kut-ti sakal, Kuttian ... Bak-ra Bakri Bakrisakal, Bakryaa Harin Harini Harin Ham-hun or he Tum-ho, or Tufihae Un-he-hoen, Wuhhae Ham-log-hen, Hamani hain Tum-log-ho, Tuhani hae Unlog-hen, TJkani hath Ham or maiii th&, or hali, or rahin Tum-tha, or Tun halen, or rahe ... G&i The plurals are formed as in "horse," "mare." Ek kukur Khenki .., Kukur guno Khenki guno Pantha, Chhagal P4nthi ... Chhagul guno Haring ... Medi haring Haring guno Ami &chhi Tui ichhis, Tumi &ohho Se achh^ ... Mora or 4mra achhi ... Tor4 or tomr& achho . . , T&raachh^ Ami chhil&m Tui or tumi chhile In use among the educated class. Gabhi ... Ek kukur Khenki, Kukuri Kukur sakal Khenki sakal P4nth4, Aja, Chhigal... P&fithi, Chh4gi , ... F4S.th& sakal, Chh4gal sakal Harin, Mriga Harini, Mrigee Harin sakal, Mriga sakal Ami 4chhi Tumi achho, apni 4chhen Tini 4chhen Amr& ichhi Tomra 4ohho, Apnai& dchhen T&h&r4 &chhe, Tah&r& &ohheu Ami chhilam Tumi chhil^, Apni chhilen Principal Aryan Languages of India. — (Continued.) 13 Mahrattee. Guzerattee. Oorya. issiunese. English. Gae G&ya ... Ekag4i, G4itae ... Garu ejani, Ejani gai gara. A cow. Bail AkMl ... Sandha or sendha samuha, Sandha- pala Sandhagud^e Sandhagud4ka, Sandhaj4ka. Bhatara, bhatara, bha- tara gavubor bilak. BuUs. Gai G4yo ... G4i samuha, Gaigu d&e, Giigud4ka, Giipala, Gaij&ka. Garu bilak, gai garu bilak garu bor. Cows. Kuttra Kntro ... Eka bukkura, Kuk- kuratde. Etakukur... A dog. Kuttri Kutri ... Eka kukkuri, Eka m4ikukkura m4i- kukkurat4e. Ejani maiki kukur kukur j4ni. A bitch. Kuttrey Kuttra... Kukkura samuha, Kukkuragud4e kuk- kura gud4ka. Kukur bilak, kukur bor Dogs. Kuttrya Kuttrio... Kukuri samuha m4i- kukkuragudae,m4i- kukkuragud^ka. Maiki kukur, bor or bilak Bitches. Bakra Bakro ... Eka chh4ga, Eka bod4, Eka andira chheli bodatie. Eta Mat4 84gali A he goat. Shell Bakri ... Eka chh&gi, Eka chheli, Eka m&i- chheh m4iohhelit4e. Ejani maiki sagale, sagali egani. A female Bakarin Bakran Chheli samuha, Chhe- lipala, Chheligudae, Chheligudaka. S4gali bilak Goats. Haran Z41iar ... Eka mruga, Miriga- gut&e. Eta mata pahu, mat4 p&hu eti. A male ,deer. Harani Hariii ... Eka mruguni, Mai- mirigagut4e. Ejani macki pahu, p&hu ejani. A female deer. Haran Harina ... Mrugagudae, Miriga- pala. Pahu bilak... Deer. M^4n hais, mi aheu Hun chhun Ambhe achhu, Ame acbhu, Mu achhi. Mui hai, or asa, mai achho. I am. Tuihes Tu chhe-u Tumbhe achha. Tume achha, Tu achhu. Tumi or te har or ha, apuni achho. Thou art. ToShey Te chlie Se achhauti Se achhi. Teo hae or 4se he achhe He is. Jmhi ahon ... Ame chhie Ambhem&ne achhu, Amemdne achhu. Ami h4e or ase, ami achho We are. Tmtihi4ha ... Tame chto Tumbhemtae achha, Tumem4ne achha. Tumlok hai or toh4t ho or tumlok ase, tumi achha. You are. Tey, tyatin,— & het Teo chhe Sem^ne achhanti ... Teolok or tehat hae or teuhilak ase or achhe. They are. Jfili— hotonhoti, hotej}... Hun hato Ambhe thilu, Ame thilu, Muthili ... Moi asilo, moi 4chhUo.,. I was. 2V{m— hotas hotis hotens Tu hato Tumbhe thila, Tume thila, Tu thilu. Tumi or tei asil4 or asile, or tumi 4sila, apuni ^chhili. Thou wast. 13 14 List of Words and Phrases showing some of the English. Hindee. Bengalee. He was We were You were They were Be To be Being Having been ... I may be I shall be I should be ... Beat To beat Beating Having beaten I beat Thou beatest ... He beats We beat You beat They beat ... I am beating ... I was beating... I had beaten ... Wuh-th4, or Unne-the, U halye, or rahe. Ham-log- the, halan or rahin Tum-log-the, Tohani hola, or rahi ... We-the, Ukani halan, or rahath ... Hoen, Ho, Hae Sen, Hany4, Hon4 Hote, Hanyte, Harete ... Ho-kar, Hogale Main or ham-ho-sek-ta, Ham hun- hoti. Main or ham-hog4, Hamhun hoeb... Mer4-hona uchit, Hamr& howeke chahi. Mar, Pitn ... Mama, Fitna Mare, Pityte Mar-kar, Pitkar Main or ham maren, Ham pitahi, Ham m4rit h4n. Turn rakto, Tuva, pita halin, Turn maritha. Wuh mart4 hai, U pita hye, U marit hath. Ham log maren, Ham hani pitahi. Hamni marithain. Tum log miro, Tuh&ni pituhahak, Tun miritha. TJd log m arte, Ukani pit4 huth, Usub marit huih Main or ham m&rta hun. Ham pityt hi. Main or ham m4rta tha. Ham pitahali or rahin. Main or ham m&ra tha, Ham pitalial hul. Ham m4rli rahi. In common use. Sfe chhila ... Mor4 or 4mr4 chhil4m Tor4 or tomra chhile ... T&ra chhila Th4ka ... Haite Thakia ... Th4ki& ... Amihate-p4ri Ami ha-ba Ami hat&m M4r4 M4rte Marte M^r^ Ami marl... Tui or tumi m4ro Se m4rohhe Mora mari Tor4 or tomr4 maro ... Ikrkm&rh Ami m4rohhi Ami marchhil4m Ami m^rdchinu In use among the educated class. Tini chhilen AmrA chhilam Tomra chhile, Apnar4 chhilen . T4h&r4 chhila, Tah4r4 chhilen . Hai Haite Hao-a Hai-4 Ami haite pari Ami haiba Ami hait4m, Amar hao-4 uchit . Mdra M4ritfe ... MaritI, Marit^ch^ ... MarI4 Ami m4ri Tumi maro Tini marit^chhen Amr4 mari Tomr4 m4ro, Apn4ra maren T4h&r4 m4ren Ami m4ritechhi Ami m4ritechhilam ... Ami m4ri4chhLl4m ... 14 Principal Aryan Languages of India. — (Continued.) 15 Mahrattee. Guzerattee. Oorya. Assamese. English. Tohota T^ hato... Se thile, Se thilA ... Teo 4sila, se achili He was. Amhi hoton... Am6 hat4 Ambhem4ne thilu, Amemane thilu. Ami ^silo, ami achilo ... We were. TSimhi — hota Tam^ hat4 Tumbhem&ne thila, Tumemane thQa. Tomol4k 4sila or tohat asili, tumi achila Tou were. T^ hotey tya hotyatin hotin Te6 hat4 Semanethile Teolok or tehat 4silo, or teobilak asila, teobilak achlila. They were. Ho, a« Th4 ... Hua Ho4, haba... Be. ... Thav4nu Heb4ku Habaloi ... To be. Hot asat Th4ya chhe Heb4ra Hoat, hae, haipelai Being. Houn, asun... Th4yu chhe Hoikari Hoat, haigai, haipelai ... Having been. Miasen Hunth&u Ambhe hoip4ru, Ame hoiparu, Mu hoipare. Mai habaparu I may be. Mi hoin, miasen Hun tha M Ambbe hebu, Ame hebu, Mu hebi. Maihauni... I shall be. Mill whayen, miu asaven Hiin th4v4n6 Ambhar heb4ra ucbi- ta, Amar hebara nchita Mohar heba- ku uchita. Mai haba pao, or lagibo I should be. Mar Tip mara Mara Pita Mar Beat. Maranen M4rvu ... MaribakuPitib4ku... Maribalai ... To beat. Marit Mara ... M4ruchhi, Pituchhi Mari, morat marichhe... Beating. Marun M4re lu M4rikari, Pitikari ... Marat mari etai, mara hai pelai. Having beaten. Mi — maritoyi maritei maraten Hiin maru chhiin . . . Ambhe or Ame maru or pitu, Mu m4re or pite. Moi m4ro or maricho ... I beat. ywra— maritos marites martens Tu m4re chhe Tumbhe or Tume rD4ra or pita, Tu m4ru or pitu. Tumi m4r4 or Tei mar4 apuni marichho. Thou beatest. Tomarito ... Te mire chhe ,Se m4ranti or pitanti, Se m4re or pite. Teo mare or m4richhe... He beats. Amhi mariton Hame m4rie chhie ... Ambhe or Amem4ne m4ru ox pitu. Ami maro, ami marichho We beat. Tumhi maritan Tame m&ro chho ... Tumbhe or Tume- m4ne m4ra or pite. Tomolake m4r4 or Toboti m4ra, tumi marichha. You beat. T^, tya, tin— maritat ... T^o mar^ chhe Sem4ne m4ranti or pitanti. Teobilak mare sibali m4richh6. They beat. Mi marit &hen Hun marii chhun ... Ambheor Amemaru- chhu or pituchhu, Mu maruchhi or pituchhi. Moi mari4so, moi mari- chho I am beating. Mi marit — ^hoton hotin hoten ... Hunm4rtohato ... Ambhe or Ame maru- thilu or pituthilu, Mu m4ruthilu or pitithili. Moi mariasUo, mai ni4ri- chilo. 1 I was beating. Mi — marila hota, marili hoti, mari- len hoten, marila hotay mari- lya iotya, marilin hotin. Me mdro hato Ambhe or Ame mari- thilu or pitithilu, Mu m4rithili or pitithili. Moi m4rilo or moi m4re 4siluo, moi marielo. I had beaten. 15 lAst of Words and Phrases showing some of the English. Hindee. Bengalee. I may beat ... I shall beat ... I should beat... I am beaten ... I was beaten ... I shall be beaten I go Thou goest ... He goes I went Thou wentest... He went Go Going Gone What is your name? How old is this horse P How far is it from here to £ashmir P How many sons are there in your father's house P Main or ham m&rsektehe, Ham pitun, Ham m&rbo. Ham m4rega, Ham petbye, Ham mar4h. Mer4 or hamara mkvxyk uchit, Hamra pitaki chahi or m4rki chahi. Main or ham mar khay4he, Ham pital j&eb, Ham m4rel geli. Main or ham m4r khayathi, Ham pital gelihal, Ham m4relgel nihin. Main or ham mar khaenge, Ham pital jaeb, Ham m4rel gayali. Main or ham j4y, Ham jahi, Ham jaethe. Tum jao, Tun jahen, Tum jaethu . .. Wuh or un ne jate hen, U jahye, TJ j4et haith. Main or ham gi4 tha, Ham gili, Ham gali ha}. Tum gidthan, Tun gelen, Tun gila ... Wuh or un ne gaithe, U g^lye, U gaele J4 neka, Jo or chal ja . . . J& te hen, Jaite, Jaliber Gi4, Chal gelye, gel Tumh4ra ki& n4m, Tohar k4 naun hai Eah ghor4 ketna rojka or kituk din ke hai. r han se K^smir ketna dnr Tumh4r4 b4p k4 gharme ketne larke hein, Tura b4pki geh kee bet4 hathu. In common use. Ami m4rte piri Ami m4rbo Ami m4rtem Amake merechhe Am4ke mdr^chhila ... Am4ke marbe Amij4i ... Tumi j4o, Tui j4, Sej4i Ami gichlem Tumi gichhO^ Se gichhila J4, J4o ... J4.e Geche Tom4r ii4m ki E ghoT4r bayash kata Ekh4n theke Kashmir kata dur . Tom4r b4p6r ghare ka jan chhele 4chhe. In use among the educated class. Ami m4rite p4ri Ami m4ribo ■ Am4r m4r4 uchit Am4ke m4ri4chhe Am4ke m4ri4chhila ... Am4k^ m4rbe Ami jai ... Tumi j4o, Apni j4n Tini j4n ... Ami gi4ohhil4m Tumi gi4ohhile Tini gi4chhilen J4oa J4i4 Gi4chhe ... Apan4r nam ki E ghor4ti ka butsorer Ekh4n haete ^Kashmir kata dnr Tom4r pit4r b4titte kaiti putra sant4n 4chhe. 16 Principal Aryan Languages of India. — (Continued.) 17 Mahrattee. Guzerattee. Oorya. Englisb. MikadacUt marin, mala maranyas harkat n&hi. Mi marin ... In maraven Mi marila j^ton, mi marla gelon, mi marali geli. Mi marla ge Ion hoton, marali geU hoti, ,mi marila jat hoton m^ m&rli jat hoti. Mi maril4 jain, marali j4in, marilen jien. MMja — Ton, tin, ten Tuja — Tos, tais, tens Tojato Mi gelon, gelin, gelen Tdn gelas, gelis, gelens Ton gel4 J4 Jat Gelela, geleli, gelalen, gelale, gelelya, gelelin. Tdjhen nao kay 4hey ? Ha ghora kiti vrarshya clak &hey Ethnn K&shmir kiti ddr dhey ? Tujhe bapache gharant kiti] mtil age ahetP Htin m&ru Hun miris Hda m&ris Himmar4yo or mane maro. Hnn mar4yo hato ... Hun mar4is Hnnj4ncliliu Tuj4eclilid Tej&ecUi^ Hun gay 6 Td gayo Te gayo Jajavu Jato Gayelo... Tam4ru n4ma sti P ... A gliodp ket 14 varas no chhe. Ahi y4nthi E4smir ket eu dur tli4e P Tam4r4 b4p n4 ghar, m4n ketea clihokr4 chhe? Ambhe or Ame m4ri- p4ru or pitip4ru, Mui m4rip4re or pitip4re. Ambhe or Ame m4ri- b4 pitiba, Mu m4ri- bi or pitibi. Ambhar or Amar m4ribara or pitib4- ra uchita Mora m4- ribaku or pitibdku uchita, Ambhe or Ame m4da or pit4 kh4iclihu, Mu iuida or pit4- kh4ichhi. Ambhe or Ame m4da orpit4kh4ithilu, Mu m4da or pitakh4i- ,thUL Ambhe or Ame m4da or pit4khibu, Mu m4da or pit4kh4ibi. Ambhe or Amej4n, Mu jae. Tumbhhe or Tume J4a Tu Jau. SeJ4ntiSeJ4e Ambhe or Ame j4i- thulu, Mu j4ithili. Tumbhe or Tume j4i- thUa, Tu j4ithilu. Se jaithile Se iaithiI4 Jaa Jauchhi 641a Tnmbha n4ma kana or ki, tuma n4ma ki To n4 kana. Eghod4 kete barsara. E4shmir eth4ru kete antara ? K4shmir eth4ru kete diir or dhura. Tumbha pitanka gru- hare kete putra achhanti, tu bapa ghare kete putra achanti P Moi m4rila para mae ma. sibaparo. Moimarim.. Moi m4rib4 p4o or lagibo maiimanla hate. Mok m4rile or m4re ... Mok m4rile, or marisila mae m4rishalo. Mok maorila, mae mara- ban. Moi jao Tumi bal4 or ja^, or t4i ja, apuni gaichhe, Teo jai, or gaisa Moi galo, mae gailo ... Tumi gala, apuni gaichili Teo gal Bal, ja Jao, gai, jain Gal Tumarnam kiP Tumar ki n4o F Eitb ghorrar kiman ba- sar hoise, Ei ghora kiman bars paichhe. I4r para E4smir oloi kiman duroi P lar para £!43mir lai kiman dur P Tumar baprar ghavat reita putck ase, or ki- man lora 4chhe P I may beat. I shall beat. I should beat. I am beaten. I was beaten. I shall be beaten. I go. Thou goest. He goes. I went. Thou wentest. He went. Go. Going. Gone. What is your nameP How old is this horse ? How far is it from here to Kashmir ? How many sons are there in your father's house ? 17 16 List of Words and Phrases showing some of the English. Hiiidee. Bengalee. I may beat ... I shall beat ... I should beat... I am beaten ... I was beaten ... I shall be beaten 1 go Thou goest ... He goes I went Thou wentest... He went Go Groing Gone What is your nameP How old is this horse P How far is it from here to Kashmir P How many sons are there in your father's house P Main or ham m&rsektehe, Ham pitun, Ham m4rbo. Ham raktegk, Ham petbye, Ham mar4h. Mer& or ham4ra marnA uchit, Hamra pitaki chahi or m^rki chahi. Main or ham mar khay&he, Ham pital jaeb, Ham marel geli. Main or ham m4r kha.yath4, Ham pital gelihal, Ham m^relgel rtihin. Main or ham mar khaenge, Ham pital jaeb, Ham m&rel gayali. Main or ham j4y, Ham j4hi, Ham jaethe. Tum jao, Tun jahen, Tum j4ethu ... Wuh or un ne jite hen, U j4hye, U j4et haith. Main or ham gi4 tha. Ham gili, Ham gali ha}. Tum gi4th4n. Tun gelen, Tun gila ... Wuh or un n^ gaithe, U gelye, U gaele J4 neka, Jo or chal ja ... J4 te hen, Jaite, Jaliber Gi4, Chal gelye, gel Tumh4r4 ki4 n4m, Toh4r k4 naun hai Eah ghor4 ketn4 rojka or kituk din ke hai. r han se £4smir ketna dur Tumh4r4 b4p k4 gharme ketne larke hein, Tura b4pki geh kee bet4 hathu. In common use. Ami m&rte p4ri Ami m4rbo Ami martem Amakd mdr^chhe .... Am4ke m^r^chhila ... Am4ke marbe Amij4i ... Tiimi jao, Tui j4, Sfej4i Ami gichlem Tumi gichhOd S& gichhila J4, J4o ... J4.e Geche Tom4r ii4m ki E ghorir bayash kata Ekh4n theke Kashmir kata dur . . Tom4r b4p&r ghare ka jan chhele achhe. In use among the educated class. Ami m4rite p4ri Ami maribo ■ Amar m4r4 uchit Am4ke m4ri4chhe Am4ke m4ri4chhila ... Am4kl marbe Ami j4i ... Tumij4o, Apnij4n ... Tini j4n ... Ami gi&ohhil4m Tumi gi4chhile Tini gi4chhilen J^oa J4i4 Gi4chhe ... ... Apan4r n4m ki E ghor4ti ka butsorer Ekh4n haete Kashmir kata dur .. Tom4r pit4r bititte kaiti putrs sant4n achhe. 16 Principal Aryan Languages of India. — (Continued.) 17 Mahrattee. Guzerattee. Oorya. Assamese. English. MikadacUt marin, mala maranyas harkat n&hi. Mi marin In marSveu Mi marila j&tou, mi maria geloD, mi marali geli. Mi marla ge Ion hoton, marali geli hoti, .mi marila jat hoton m^ m&rli jat Loti. Mi marila jain, marali j4in, marilen jaen. M&ja — Ton, tin, ten Tuja — Tos, tais, tens ... Tojato Mi gelon, gelin, gelen ... Tun gelas, gelis, gelens... Tongel4 J4 Jat Gelela, geleli, gelalen, gelale, gelel ja, geleUn. Tlijhen nao kay&hey ? Ha ghora kiti warshya cli4 4hey . . . Ethun E4shmir kiti dtir 4hey ? Tajhe bapache gharant kiti] miil age ahetP Hun m&ru Hun m&ris Hun m&ris Hunmar4yo or inane marc. Hun marayo hato Hun mardis Hun j4n chhu Tii jSechlid Te j&e child Hun gay6 Tugayo Te gayo J& javu Jato Gayelo ... Tam4rn ndma su P , A ghodp ket Id varas no clihe. Ahi y4nthi TLh&ma ket eu dur th&e P Tam4r4 bip na ghar, m4n ketea chhokrd chhe? Ambhe or Ame m4ri- p4ru or pitip4ru, Mui m4rip4re or . pitip4re. Ambhe or Ame mari- b4 pitiba, Mu m4ri- bi or pitibi. Ambhar or Amar m4ribara or pitib4- ra uchita Mora m4- ribaku or pitib4ku uchita. Ambhe or Ame mada or pit4 khaichhu, Mu iu4da or pit4- kh4ichhi. Ambhe or Ame m4da orpit4kh4ithilu, Mu m4da or pitakh4i- .thilL Ambhe or Ame m4da or pit4khibu, Mu m4da or pit4kh4ibi. Ambhe or Amej4n, Mu jae. Tumbhhe or Tume J4a Tu Jau. Se J4nti Se J4e Ambhe or Ame j4i- thulu, Mu j4ithili. Tumbhe or Tume 34i- thila, Tu j4ithilu. Se j4ithile Se iaithil4 J4a J4uchhi G41a Tumbha n4ma kana or ki, tuma n4ma ki To n4 kana. Eghod4 kete barsara. X4shmir eth4ru kete antara ? K4slimir eth4ru kete dur or dhura. Tumbha pitanka grn- hare kete putra achhanti, tu bapa ghare kete putra achanti P Moi m4rila para mae ma- sibaparo. Moimarim... Moi m4rib4p4o or lagibo maiimarila hate. Mok m4rile or m4re Mok m4rile, or marisila mae m4rishalo. Mok maoril4, mae mara- ban. Moijao Tumi bal4 or jae, or t4i ja, apuni gaichhe. Teo jai, or gaisa Moi galo, mae gailo ... Tumi gala, apuni gaichili Teo gal ... Bal, ja Jao, gai, jain Gal Tumarnam kiP Tumar ki u4o P Eitb ghorrar kiman ba- sar hoise, Ei ghora kiman bars paichhe. I4r para K4smir oloi kiman duroi P lar para E43mir lai kiman dur P Tumar baprar ghavat reita putok ase, or ki- man lora 4chhe P I may beat. I shall beat. I should beat. I am beaten. I was beaten. I shall be beaten. I go. Thou goest. He goes. I went. Thou wentest. He went. Go. Going. Gone. What is your nameP How old is this horse ? How far is it from here to Kashmir P How many sons are there in your father's house P 17 BO lAst of Words and Phrases showing some of the English. Hindee. Bengalee. Whose boy comes be- hind you ? From whom did you buy that? From a shop- keeper of the village. Kiske Iark4 tumh4ra pechheh aotihe, Eekar putru tor4 p&chhee lagal kna. han, or Eokei lark4 toh&r4 pecha 4ho. Eiske nikut turn ottho mol M hai, or TJ kekr4 se ton mole lili hain. G4onke dok4^dar se, G4un ke ek dok&nd4r se. In common use. Tom4r pechhane k4r chh^l^ ase- chhep Eahar th4e tumi ih& kinechho P . . G&iier ek dok4nd&rer thae In tise among the educated class. Tomar paschit kah4r balak asi t^chhe ? Eah4r nikat haete tomi ih4 kine- 4chh? Gramer ek dok4ndarer nikat^ 20 Principal Aryan Languages of India. — (Concluded.) 21 Mahrattee. Guzerattee. Oorya. English. Tdmche magun koiia cha miilgayet 4 hey ? Tun kona p&sda ten vikat gh^t aleu P G4ona cb& eki dukand&ra pasun Tam&ri p&chhal ko DO ctmokro kve chhe P TamS p^lii koni pase- thi, vechi tu lidJaii P Te gamni diik4ndar p&se tbi. £&h4 pij& tumbha pacbbare asuachhi P Xa piI4 to pachbe asuchbi P Tab& tumbbe k&h&- tbdru kraya kala, T4 tu k4h4thu ki- nilup Egrimara jane dok&. nith&ru, Eg^nra jane dokanitbu. Tomar pasat kar Ior& abisiP Tor p4abb4t kar lora 4bicblie P Heito tumi kar pera kenila, k4r par^ seito kiui lali P G4ot pobar dia manub etar pera bik bon, gao dokaner pera, g&or eta beparir pera. Whose boy comes behind you? From whom did you buy that P From a shop- keeper of the village. 21 PUNJAB LANGUAGES. 24 ( 2 ) English. Punjab Funjabee of Lahore. Fonjabee of Mooltan. Cashmeeree. Pushtoo of Eohat. Numerals. One Two Thiee Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Ten Twenty Thirty Fifty Hundred Pronouns. I We Thou Tou He They Of me Of us Of thee Of you Of him Of them Mine Our Thine Tour His Their Hand Foot Ek Do Tin, Trai Char Panj Cheeh, chhe Sat Ath Naw Das Bis, bih Panjah Sdw Main Nam, assi Tu Tum, tusi Wah, oh We, ah Mara Tera iwada Tumrhara Oh da TJnhunda Mera Sada Tera Twada Ahda Unhanda Hath Pair Hik Du Trai Char Panj Chih Sat Ath Nau Dah' Bih Panja Sau Main Assan Tiin Tussan TT-h TJ'h^ M^dd-di di Assdda di di T6da-di-# Tussada di de Urida di de Unharidd-di de M^da di d6 Assadd-di-de Teda-di-de Tussadd-di'd^ Unda di de Unhand^ M di Hath Per Ak Zeh Treh Tsor Pdnts Shih Sat Ath Nauh Dah Wiih Treuh Pantsah Hath Bil Assi (the last i hardly pronounced.) Tim Miiin Son Chon Tiihnn Timsun • Tihiin Minuni Soni Chdnui Tiihiindiii Timsundiij Tihiindiii Atha Kiir To Dwah Dhre Tslor Pindza Speg Awah Atah Anah Las SHI Pindzos sn Zah Mu (whattak mtig) ... Ta Tasii Agba* Agha* Ema (khatt-dema) ... Emu (khatt-demfi) ... Ta (or, less frequently, etd or deta.) Tasii (or detasu or etasu.) Aglia (or, in fuU, de agha.) Agho (or de agho) ... Las Ptfeha in'ong) althongh it may be at variance with the ordinary anthorities, whose spelling ia generally based on the pronunciation of the I'eshdwar and Ynsnfeu country. The same remark applies to what may appear to be inaccuracies in other respects, all of which, however, may be trusted as faithfully renre^^ thp local usage. ■ ^ preseBH»f Languages. ( 3 ) 2S FusMoo of Dera Ismail Khan. Brahui of Dera Gazee Khan. Brahui of Khelat. English. To * Asit Isit One. Dwah Irat Erut Two. Dre Musit Moosit Three. Chalor Chdr r Four. Pinzah Panch - Five. Spaj Shash Six. Awah Haft k Seven. Atah Nah Las Shil Hasht Noh Dd . BlBt In the Bhahni language , there are only the three ^ numerals given; from four upwards Persian is used. Eight. Nine. Ten. Twenty. Thirty. Panzas Panjah Fifty. Sil Sad ^ Hundred. Zah I E . .. I. Muj Nan Nn We, Ta Ni Nee Thou. Tasii Ntim N m Tou. Hagljah-da E (this), hame (that) He. Haghah-doi Da, hame Af ilk They. Zma Kana Kiinnat Of me. Zmuj Nana Niinna Of us. Sta Na Na Of thee. Stdsu Numd Noomtaf Of you. Dahaghah Ena, hamena 0,n3 Of him. Da Jiagha Dana, hamena fta Of them. Kana K nns Mine. Nana Nnu a Our. Na Na§ Thine. Ntuna Nooms Tour, Ena, hamena Dana His, Ddn4, hamen^ . , Oaft5 Their. Las Dii Doo Hand. Pohah Nath Niit Foot. t The Brahuis express "of me" with the word given, which however literally rendered means "mine." J " Ta" is used to express the genitive plural, " na" singular. § Used also to express genitive singular. 26 ( 4 ) English. Nose Eye Mouth Tooth Ear Hair Head Tongue BeUy Back Iron Gold Silver Father Mother Brother Sister Man Woman Wife Child Son Daughter Slave Cultivator Shepherd God Devil Sun Moon Ponjabee of Lahore. Nakh Ankh Munh Dand Kan Bal Sir Zahan jibh Peth Pith Loha Seona Chandi Pro Ma Bharar Bahin Manukh Tuni Bahti Munda-Bal Putr DM Palak Kastkar, Halwah Gudheria, charhwal Permasur Shaitan Sooraj Ohand FuBJabee of Mooltan. Nak Akh Munh Dand Kan Val Sir Zahan- jibh Dahad Kand Loha Sona Chandi, rupa Bap, bahu (Hindus — pia, bhan). Ma, amman (used by children) . Bhira, bhaya Bhaen, kaki (used by children). Mard, munas Trimat Trimat-zal, kanwar Ningar Piitr DM Ghulam, banah, golah Eahirah, rahak, valu vah. 'Aydll ajri Khuda, Allah, Sacha, Eal. Shaitan (always with dam " the execrable" after it.) Sigh, suraj Caehmeeree. Ohandar, chan Nast Uchh A'as Dand Kan Mast Luk Zeo Yadd Tharr Shastur Son Eaf Mol or bab Maj Boi Biniah Mahini Zanana Kolai Shur Nichu Kur Tsowz Laganai wol Gabaroch (patrol, if the flock is large) . Dai ... Shaitan Aith Zun Fushtoo of Kohat. Peza Istarga ,.. Khula Ghatkh Ghweg Wekkhta Sar Zhiba Geda Sh Ospana Srazar Splnzax Plar Mor Wror Khor Sarai Kkhadza Kkhadza(khatt; artina) Bachai Dzwa-e Lur ... Mure-ai Sharik (i.e., if not him- self proprietor of the land he cultivates. A "khudkasht" is called Zamindar). Shpun Khuda-e Shaitan Nmerstarga (or, in connection with an unmistakeable con- text, simply Istarga; nmer, by itself, = sun- shine). Spogma-i (khatt-shpog- ma-i) a somewhat rare ■word, for moon is " liugi." ( 5 ) Languages. — (Continued. ) 2f Pushtoo of Dera Ismail Khan. Brahui of Dera Gazee Khan. Brahai of Khelat. English. Sunclah pazah Bdmus Ba,niooz Nose. Stargah Khan Khun Bye. Khulah Mon Ba Mouth. GMsh Dandan Diintan Tooth. Ghwaj — ghwej Khaf Khuf Ear. Veshtah Sar Phuzha (sing.) , phuzhghak (plur.) Katum Peesh, koh, Ka, toom Hair. Head. Zibah, jibah Duvi Dooee Tongue. Nas Pid Fid Belly. Sha, chattah Aspana Baj Alun Biidge (sounded as the Eng- lish substantive). Aheen (corruption of Per Back. •Iron. Sara zar Khisun sian). Kbee,soom Gold. Spin zar PMr Chandi Eawa Seam (sounded like the English substantive) . Ba, wa SHver. Father. Mor Lutna Looma Mother. Wror Hum Bjtoom Brother. Khor Ir Eerr Sister. Merah, sarai Narina A, r6 Man. Shazah, shajah, shidzah ... Taifa Za, e, fa Woman. Ditto ditto Arwat Ar,wat Wife. Zankai, warkachi, palak .,.- Chuna Choonuka Child. -Zae Mar ^ ... Mar Son. Liir Massir Mus,seer Daughter. Marujai Me May Slave. E4hak Langarvahok Zemindar Cultivator. Aju, rammewal Kurkbafok Ohopan or Shaoban Shepherd. Khuda, Allah "Kbud^ Khooda God. Shaitdn Shaitan Shaitan DevH. Nmar D^ De Sun. Spogmai Tuwe Too, be Moon. * 28 ( 6 ) Punjab English. Punjabee of Lahore. Punjabee of Mooltan. Cashmeeree. Pushtoo of Kohat. Star Tara Tarah Tavak Istorai Fire Ag Bha, agh Nar, ziing Or Water Pani Pdni, jal Poui Oho (sometimes, hut rarely, "obe"). House Ghar Ghar, tuga, sahal (thatched house). Garh Shai Kor Horse Ghora Ghora Giir As (khatt — yas) Cow Dog Go Kutta Gan [Hindus. — gaii.) {Jat. — dahgi, va- harki.) Kutta oGd Hun Ghwa Spai Cat Billi Billi Bror Pisho Cat, female Breur {eu as in Erench.) Cock Kukur Kukar Kakfir Ohirg Hen Kokir Drake Batuk Duck Batakh Badak, batak Batick Battah, or hattaka ... Asa Kata Gadon, khotah . . Khar Khar Camel Uth Uth, mahra (riding camel). U'nt TJ'kkh • ... Bird Chiria Pakhi "Wiidawrm Murghai Go Ja Vanjh, Jul, ja Tlal To go Gatsiin Eat Kha Kha Khural To eat Khiiin Sit To sit Bith Bahi Bihun Kenastal, orKkklienas- tal. Come A A Eatlal, or raghlal ... To come Yun Beat Mar Mar, kut Wahal To beat Layun Stand Kliora (khala) ho. . Khara thi, khar vanjh. Wudredal To stand Wudani rozun Die Mar Mar Mral To die Mariin Give De Deh Werkawul To give Difin Run Daur Bhaj Druk vanjh Zghaledal (Po mundo tlal, or munda kawul are the expressions in gene- ral use.) To run Doriin ( r ) Languages. — (Continued. ) 29 Fushtoo of Deia Ismail Khan. Brahai of Dera Gazee Khan, Brahui of Khelafc. English. Storai Or Otah Kor As Ghwd Spai Pishai Oharg Da obo diargah Khar U'sli Marghah Larsah Khorali Eshenah Raisah Wahah Wadrejali, tamsah Marsah Warkali Washirejah, tasMah Istdr Khakhar Dir Urd Hull Dagi Kuohak Pishl Bango Hanj Bish Huoh GinjisKk Hiningna Iragna Tulingna Banigna Khalingna Bashmarina Kaingna Thisuna Hilgharna Is, tara Kha, khilr Deer 0,ora Niir, rean (Persian) Duggee Kooohnk Pishee Bangh, go Hiinj Beesh Hooch Qinjishk Hin, nuk Koon or Kooniik Thoolt Biir, riik Khiilt Sfd Kai, hissa Ete 4 Doding Star. Fire. Water. House. Horse. Oow. Dog. Cat. Cat, female. Cock. Hen. Drake. Duck. Ass. Camel. Bird. Go. Togo. Eat. To eat. Sit. To sit. Come. To come. Beat. To beat. Stand. To stand. Die, To die. Give. To give. Run. To run. 30 ( 8 ) English. Punjabee of Lahore. Punjabee of Mooltan. Cashmeeree. Pushtoo of Kohat. Tip Uti D'te, lit&nhjupar... Peth Pas or porta. Near Nera N^r6, kolon Nahatal Nizhde ... Who And Kown (who ? ) , gora (who.) Or Kaun Hor, biya Kus Bih Tsok :;. Yes Hau Ah, aih, dho Adah Ho, or hau Down Hethau Jhika, tale, hethaiih Bun Kiiz ... Far Dur MokM, pare, dur . . . Diir T;ire What Ki Kihr^ Kiah Tsa ■• * But Por Par Tan kanika Magar ... No Nah Nahin, nah, nahin, nase, nimi (agree- ing with a singular subject) , nise (agree- ing with a plural subject.) Nah Nah Before Agu Age, aganh, agun... Barnoth Wrdnde •■ . Behind Pichhe magar Piehun Path Wrusto ... Why Kyun Kiun KMazah Wele If JekuT Jekar, j^kadahan ... Tudwai Ka ... Alas ! Amsos (dfsos) Afs6s,ArmanjHariani Hai Hai hai • a . A father Pro Bap Ak mol Plar Of a father Pro da Bap da di de Akis mil sfmd De plar To a father Pro nu Bap, kiin Akis malis Plar ta From a father Prote Bap, kannun Akis malis nishi . . De plar na Two fathers Do pro Du bap Zuh mal Fathers Pro Bapan Mali / - Plaran, or Plariina Of fathers Pron da Bapan da di de ... Malin hiind De plariino ... To fathers Pron nu Bapan kuii Sath4 malin Plaruno ta From fathers Pron te Bapan kannun Mdlin nishi De plaruno na A daughter DM Dhi Akkur Liir Of a daughter DM da Dhi da, di de Akis kiiri hund Deliir To a daughter DM nu Dhikiin Akis kdri Lur ta From a daughter . . Dhite Dhi kanniih Akis kiiri nishi De liir na Two daughters Do dheyau Du dhirin Ziih kuri Daughters Dheyau Dhirin Kiiri Liinra Of daughters Dheyau da Dhirin da dide ... Kiirin hiind De lunro To daughters Dheyau nu Dhirin kun Kurin Liinro ta From daughters . . Dheyau te Dhirin kannun Kiirin nishi De lunro na A good man Chunga manukh ... Changd admi Ak riit mahnii Kklja sarai ... ( 9 ) Languages. — (Continued. ) 31 Pushtoo of Dera Ismail Khan. Brahui of Dera Gazee Khan. Brahui of Khelat. English. Portah Burya BoorzS * Up. Nizde Khurk ■Khoork Near. Tchok Derus Dare Who. (Wanting) Pain (pronounced like the English substantive pain.) And. Ho Han Ha Tes. Kshatah Shef Shaif {Shain shaip pro- nounced as sha in shade). Down. Lare Mur Moorr Far. Tchah Antse Unt What, Magar Lekin (rare) Walle But. Ta Kapar Aha No. Mukh ta, vrdnde MokaHl Mon^ Before. Shd ta Phazae Pfid Behind. Wale Ante TJnl^ Why. Ki, kah Ag^ (rare) Aga If. AM Hoe hoe HiHi or Ahhooee Alas! To plar Bawa Bawa A father Da plar Bawa na Bawana Of a father. PMr ta Baw^ Bawa e To a father. La plar dzakhah Bawaghan Bawa, an From a father. Dwa plaralx Irra tawa Eeera bawa ghak {Eerat used in adj. form Eera). Two fathers. Plarah Bawa Bawa ghak Fathers. Daplaro Bawaghata Bawa ghata (kin ghak dropped). Of fathers. Plaro ta Biwaghante Bawa ghatii (ditto) ... To fathers. Tia plaroh dzakh Bawaghantian Bawa ghate an (ditto) ... From fathers. Ldr Massir Mas, sSer A daughter. Da lur Massir na Musseerika Of a daughter. Liir ta Massir^ Museere To a daughter. La liir dzakhah Massiran Mus, seer an From a daughter. Dwe lurnah Irra massir (o)* Eera Milsseerik {Eera adj. form of erut.) Two daughters. Lurnah Massiro Musseerik Daughters. Da lurno Massinta Musseerikta Of daughters. Ldrno ta Massinte Musseerikt^ To daughters. La lumo dzakh Massintian Musseerik ti'an From daughters. To shah sarai Jawdn narina Jowano Arre A good man. * N,B, — When numerals to an; amount ate u^ed, it appears to be optional to add " o " or not to the noun, plural nominative, but it appears to be used everywhere irregularly. ' " appears to be used to make the 32 ( 10 ) Punjab English. Punjabee of Lahore. Punjabee of Mooltan. Cashmeeree. Pushtoo of Kohat. Two good men Do chunga manukh Du change admi . . Zeh rit mahneo . . . Good men Chunga manukh . . Change admi'an . . Eit mahneo Kkha sari Of a good man Chunga manukh da Change ddmi da, di, de. Akis ritis mahnu shnd. De kkha sari Of a good woman . . De kkhe kkhadze ... To a good man Chunga manukh me Change admi kuii. . Akis ritis mahnuis . . Kkha sari ta From a good man . . Chunga manukh te Change admi kannun Akis ritis mahnevis nishi. De kkha sarina Of good men Of good women . . Chunga manukhan da. Change admian da, di, de. Eitin mahneon hund De kkho sariyo De kkho kkhadzo ... To good men Chunga manukhun me. Change admiaa kun Eitin mahnevin ... Kiho sariyo ta From good men . . Chunga manukhun te. Change admian kan- nun. Eitin mahnevin ni- shi. De kkho sariyo na ... A good woman Chungi tuni Changi trimati Ak nits zandna . . . Kkh^kkhadza Good women Chungi tuniyan . . Changian trimatan Nitsah Zanana . . . Kkhe kkhadze A bad boy Bura munda Bhaga chohar Ak randah niched... Kharab urkai A bad girl Buri kaori Bhagi chohir Ak randah kur Kharaba lirki Good Chunga Changa Nit (or) jan {or) zahar. Kkha (fem: kkha) ... Better Bahut chunga Then changa (^.s the thing with which the comparison is made in the ab- lative case) and tin in kannun changa n^ (that is, "better than this.") Satha nit De agha nakkha (than that). Best Sarah nal chunga. . Sabh kannun changi, sabh de nal changa. Amoh rut Detolo nakkha High Ucha Hoha Thiid Dhing, uchat, Iwar (less common). Higher Bahut ucha (See "better") .. Tsfir, sathd, thiid ... (Same as "better") ... Highest Sarah nal ucha . . Sabh kannun ucha, sabh de nal ucha. Amoh thiid Ditto A horse Ghora Ghora Ak gurr As (khatt. y&) A mare Ghori Ghori Ak gur Aspau Horses Ghora Ghore Giirri Asiina Mares Ghoriyan Ghoridn Gfire Aspe ... 1 A bull Gau ka sandh Dand Akdand orhakur... Ghutskai A cow Gow Vaharki Ak gaoorak haur... Ghwa Bulls Goka sandh D4nd Ddnd Ghutski {or) ghwa-e Cows Gaiyan Yaharkian Gao Ghwa A dog Kutta Kutta Ak hiin Ispai ,,. A bitch Kutti Kutti Akhuin Ispa-i ( 11 ) Languages. — (Continued, ) 33 Pushtoo of Dera Ismail Khan. Brahui of Dera Gazee Khan. Brahui of Khelat. English. Dwa shah sari Jerajawau (o) narma Eeradowano Arreik {reik pro. like sub. rake.) Tw^o, good men. Shah sari Jawdno narino Jowano Arreik Grood mAi. Dasho sari Jawdn narina (se)* na ... Jowano Arrej na Of a good man. Of a good woman. Shah sari ta Jawan narina (se) Jowano Arr^ e To a good man. La shah sari dzakhah Jawan narindghan Jowano Arr^ an From a good man. Da sho saro Ja-nano narinaghan ta ... Jowano Arreikta Of good men. Of good women. Sho saro ta Jawanaghan narinaghan te Jowano Arreik,te To good men. La sho saro dzakhah Jawanaghan narinaghan tiar Jowano Arreik tean From good men. . Tawah shah shajah Jawano zaif Shiir, ro zaefa A good woman. She shaje Jawano zaifo Shfir, 10 zaefa ghab Good women. Bad halak Grandah mar Q-undo mar A bad boy. Badahjinkai Grandah massirf Grimdo mus, seer A bad girl. Shah JawanJ Jowau Good. Der shah Ditto Jowanj;eer Better. Tar waro shah Ditto Kootanjowu Best. Chig Burza Moor, ghoon High. Der chig Ditto Moorghoon teer Higher, Tar waro chig Ditto Grir,ran moorgkoon Highest. As . Niriyan Niirrean A horse. Aspahgh Madian Hoollee A mare. Asunah Niriyan Nurreank Horses, Aspe Madian HooUeek Mares, San, ghwaij'di (bull or ox) Kdrigar Kbras A bull. Ghwa Dagi Dnggee A cow. Ghwayi Kdrigaro Khrask Bulls, Ghwa Dagio Duggeek Cows. Spai Nardz Koochuk A dog. Spai Hand Mado k6oohuk§ A bitch. • No reason can be given for this {se) it does not occur in words of similar termination, t N.B. — The indefinite article is wanting. J None of the degrees of comparison by inflexion, like Urdu. § No separate word for bitch ; mado, female, always prefixed. 34 ( 12 ) Punjab English. Punjabee of Lahore. Fanjabee of Mooltan. Cashmeeree. Pushtoo of Eohat. Dogs Kutte Kutt^ Hun Ispl Bitches Kuttiyan Kuttian Hunieh Ispa-i A he-goat Bakora Bakra Ak tsawal Psa A female goat Bakri Bakri Ak tsawaj Bza Goats Bakriyan Bakre, bakrian . . Tsawajeh He- goats ■ ■•••• Psuna She- goats Bze A male deer Heran Hajan Ak rils Lakka shiwai (a " buck" or leader of a herd, narkakkh ) A female deer Himi Harani Akruskat Lakka shiwa-i Deer Hiriiyan Haran, haranfaa . . Eds Lakkashiwi and a-i (masc. & fem.) I am Main hau Main ban or hun . . Bii chiis Zah yam Thou art Tuhai Tun h4 Tsh chuk Tae He is Oh hai Uhh^ Sii chiik Agha da We are Assihau Assan hain or hisse As chih Mu yu You axe Tun ho Tussan ho Tuihchuh Tasu ya-i They are Ohhain TJhe bin Tim chih Aghadi (masc. & fem.) I was Main sau Main ham Bu asus Zah wum Thou wast Tusa Tun ban Tsuhasdk Ta we He was Ohsa IJh hai Sii as Agha wuh (fem. agha wa.) Mu wu , , We were Assi sa Assan base As as You were Tusi Ba Tussan have or h^vi Tuih asuah Tasu wa-i They were Be Ohsa Ho Uh^ hann Thi Tim as As Agha wu (masc.) agha (fem.) Wushaorkega* To be Hona ■ ... Thiond Asan Kedal Being Hata Thinda Asan asan Kedun (or more com- monly in the fem. form kedana). Having been Hoka Thind^ hoiji . . Asit Kedalai or shiwai* . . I may be Main howan Main thioan Bu hikiih asit (Wanting) t I shall be Main hanga Main hoFan or thioan Bu asak Za ba yam , . I should be Beat Main un chuhi da Mar Main thinda (rarely honda.) MAr Mi giitsah dsun ... Ldy^ Za ba wum Wu waya To beat Mama Maran Lay an Wayalt Beating Mar^nda La'yan Waydn or wayana . . Having beaten Marke Mar^nda boija . . LSyith Wayalai I beat Main mardan Main mar^nda han Bu layis Zah wayam . . Thou beatest Tu m^rda hai Tiin marenda M . . Tsuh layak Ta waye He beats Ob mdrda hai TJh marenda he . . Su M'yan Agba wayi We beat Assi marde hain ... Assan marende hain As layos Md wayu * These forms come directly from the verb "shwal," which, like "kedal,"=fo Secoma. There are no eqniTalents in the lanKnase for « be »« to be." " being, and "having been, in the sense of simple existence. ° ^ ' ' f Third person, he may be = agha ba wi. t This verb is properly " wahal," but in this district is pronounced (and has therefore been spelt) exactly the same as " way8l''= baz peada, hin, na noofc I have walked a long way to-day. Zmii da trab zoe da haghah la khor sarah wadah karai dai. Kana iln^ mar ena ima are Kiinna ill^, na mar ona, eer, to, brahm kfirre ne. The son of my ' uncle ,is married to her sister. * Passive Voice wanting. , . j, t + Same as " I was beating," and only distinguishable by the general meaning of the sentence. 1 Hinning, guttee yoos might be used, but would not be understood. 38 ( 16 ) Punjab Pui^jabee of Lahore. Punjiibee of Mooltan. Cashmeeree. Puehtoo of Kohat*. In tlie lioiise is the saddle of the white horse. Put the saddle upon his back. I have beaten his son with many stripes. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill. He is sitting on a horse under that tree. His brother is taller than his sister. The price of that is two rupees and a half. My father lives in that small house. G-ive this rupee to him. Take those rupees from him. Beat hiffl well and bind him with ropes. Draw water from the well. Walk before me ... Ohitta ghora di kathi ghar bich paihui hai. Oh do pith uti kathi pa;o. Main ne ohde putr un kunihi kara- mara. Oh tibhi uti mal cha- randa paya hai. TJs boota de hitan oh ghora uti cha- rah hua hai. Oh da bharar ohdi bhain nalow bunha hai. Oh da mul dhai rupiya hai. Mera prous chhoto jeh ghar bichrahu- da. E rupiya un nu dede. Oh rupiya us to lile Un nu bura maro or russeyan nal ban- no. Kui bichho kadho. pani Mera age age chal Bagge ghore da sang ghar he. TJnd^ kand ute sanj rakh. Main linde piitr kiin bahu charian (kau nail) katia he. TJh pahari ute choak- har kun charinda he. TJh darakht tale ghore lite charia hoiya he. Unda bhird apni bhaen k a n n u n lamba he. Un da mol dhai rupiya he. Meda bdp choti jiig^ vich bahnda h^. Th rupiya lin kan dede. Uh riipiya un kan- nuh ghin ghin. Un kun ohangi tarah mar kardin rassi ndl badh. Khuh bichon pane chik. Mede age chal jul Garas (house) raauz (in) chuh (is) chi- this (white) giiri- siind (horse of) kath (saddle). Tas (of that) zih (his) tharr (back) peth (on) kath (saddle) lad (put). Mi 166 (stroke) tam- siindis (of that man's) nicheuis (son) satha (many) kamohih (stroke). Tami (that) balak- kis (of the hill) tangis (top) peth (on) chiih (is| sii (he) tiv (sheep) gopan (quadru- ped) gdsah (grass) khdwdn (feeding). Su chuh guris (horse) peth (on) tath (that) kulis (tree) tal (beneath) bi- hit (sitting). Tasand (his) ♦ boi (brother; chiih (is) tasauze (his) bi- niah (sister) handi (of) kothah (than) tud (high). Tamik (of that) mol (price) chiih (is) zah (two) riipiah tah (and) aith ana. Miiin mol chiih tali (that) garah (home) hane (little) maiiz rozdn (abiding). . Imah riipiah dih timis. Timah (those) riipi- ah hih (take) tas (from him). Tas (him) Ide warah (good) pdthin (manner) bih (and) gandii (bind) raze (ropes) suet (with) . Kr^re (well) miinz kad (draw) poin. Mi (me) bronth (before) harouth pakh (move). De ispin ds zin po kor kkkhe da. Agha po sha zin keda Ma de agha dzwa-e po dero guzariino wayalai da. * Agha de ghra po sir mal starawi or " piyayi". Agha po as swor de aghe wane lande wilar {lit., "stand- ing") da. De agha wror de agha khor na uchat da. De agha bai'a dwah nime rupa-i di. Ema plar po agha waruki kor kkkhe osi. D& rupa-i agha ta werka. Agha rupa-i de agha na wakhla. Agha kkha wu waya o puriyo sara wu tara. Kuhi na obo wu basa Ema po wrande wrdnde drdma(tJrdd«char'). * Note -The equivaleats of the English words and phrases noted in this column throughout are entered in the Roman character and trans- literated in the Jonesian method. """^ou ..uoittuier ana iraiiB The following transliteration has been used for the letters peculiar to the Pakkhta alphabet in accordance with Bellew- D2orTs = ^ G.= jj'^kh (pronounced by the Khattak8"8h") = O^^ and Nr = g o,> ( j - r, and is nearly the same as the Urdu J ) ( 17- ) Languages. — (Continued.) 3P Pushtoo of Sera Ismail Khan, Bvahui of Bera Gazee Khan, Brahui of Khelat. English. Pa kor kshi da spin as zin dai. Da haghat pa slid bandi zin kshejdah. Da haghali zoe padero satto sarah md wahalai dai. Da glirah pa sar bandi mal piai. Urati phihuna hulina zen. Zene namena bajae tighbo Hamena mare 'I baz kurat khalkunuth. Mashana zi liae kure ham^ khwahfera. Oora na, thurtee-pehoon niirrean, na, zeen are.t Nnrrean, na, biija-zeen shagh.J Ona, mare, e baz sheep, ank khiilkonoot. 0-mushna, zeea, mal, khwaf- ing, giittee i. Tar haghe wune laude pa as bandi spor walur dai. Da haghah wror la khpule khor dzakhali cbig dai. Da haghali Mmat dwd nime nipai di. Zma pMr pa haghah kam kor kshi tamkaji. Daghah rupai haghah ta warkah. Haghah riipai la haghah dzakhah yosah. Daghah shah wawahah as pa pariyo sarah e watarah, La haghah kiihi dzafehah obahwakajah. Zma pa mukhah wa kwajah Hall na zehae soware ha- men darakhtana keraghan Hamenai ilum hamena irdn hurze. Hamena baha do nem rupi6 Kan a hawa chunka urdti tulik. Handa rupaie hamo etibo Hamo rupi te hamoran halbo. Od baz khalbo, rezat tavbo Diindn dir kasheho Kana monati pidda maho. 0, 6, durukht, na, keergut hiir, rea nathoo, soon6. 0, na, etoom, ona eera His brother is taller In the house is the saddle of the white horse. Put the saddle upon his back, I have beaten his son with many stripes. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill. He is sitting on a horse under that tree. moorgoon, e. Ona, baha, eriit neem roo- pai ar^. Bawa kunna, e, choonnka oratee, thoolik. Dah, roopai, ode, ^te E-roopai, ^ran, hiilt Ode jowan, khnlt, raiz, totuf Doonan, deer, kush Kunna monuttee, khure . . than his sister. The price of that is two rupees and a half. My father Kves in that small house. Give this rupee to him. Take those rupees from him. Beat him well and bind him with ropes. Draw water from the well. Walk before me. + Thwi is meant to express Bound oipers-th. 1 The Brahius always use the word sung, which includes all horse accoutrements. 45 ( 18 ) English. Punjabee of Lahore. Punjabee of Mooltan. Cashmeeree. Pushtoo of Kohat. Whose boy comes behind you ? From whom did you buy that ? From a shop-keeper 6i the village. Tera pichhe kida putr aunda hai ? Oh ki de kal mul leya hai ? TJs pind do hati wale kalow. Tede pich^ kainda bal anda h6 ? Uh kain kannuh mol ghida h6 ? Vast! de kirdr kan- nun. Kohund nichen chuh tiihe path (behind) ydan (coming) ? Kas (whom) nishi (from) h i t li 1 (bought) tsih (you) su (that) ? Ak6 gamekis (of vil- lage) wanah (shop) walis (keeper) ni- shi (from). T^ po wrusto de cha urkai radzi ? Agha de cha na po bai'e akhistai da ? De kill diikandar na . . ( 19 ) Languages. — (Concluded. ) 41 Pushtoo of Dera Ismail Ehan. Brahui of Dera Gazee Khan. Brahni of Khelat * English. Da chd zaukai pa td pise raizi? Ta la chd dzakhah haghali pirodai dai ? La JO hatuial da kali dza- kliali. Dind mdr nd randat barek ? Odera nal kus ? Tatti na philan bakhalan halkut. Na, pudduttee, dinna, mar bunninggfittee yeh ? Dher, an, e, girra, hul- koonoos ? E, wustee, na, dbookanda, an. (Bukhal, "buniah" is used, not dhookanda). Whose boy comes behind you ? From whom did you buy that ? From a shop-keeper of the village. * The accentuation " in the words and phrases in this column throughout is almost entirely the same as in Latin. Short and long marks — , v, a final accented — is sounded "ar ;" e with acute accent as in French. DRAYIDIAN LANGUAGES OF SOTJTHEEN INDIA. 44 ( 2 ) Dravidian Languages English. Tamil. Malayalum. . Telugu. Numerals. One On-ru Onua Ya-ka-ti ••• Two I-ran-du Eanda E.en-du ... Three Mun-ru Munna Mii-du ... Four Nan-gu or Na-lu Nala Na-lu-gu ... Five Ain-thu Anja Ai-thu ... Six A-ru Ara A-ru ... Seven E-lu Ezha E-du ... Eight Ettu Etta E-ni-mi-thi ... Nine On-ha-thu Onbadha Thom-mi-thi ... Ten Path-thu Pattha Pa-thi ... Twenty I-ru-pa-thu Iruvadha I-ru-vai ... Fifty Aim-ha-thu Ambadha E-bhai ... Hundred Nti-ru Ndra Nu-ru ... Pronouns. I Ndn NySn Ne-nu Of me En-nu-dai-ya Ends Na-yok-ka • •• Mine En-na-thu EndMha Na-thi • ■• We Ndm Nyanngal ("ng" as in sing) . Ma-na-mu ... Ofus Nain-mu-dai-ya NyangaludS Ma- na-yok-ka ... Our Nam-ma-thu Nyangaludedha Ma-na-thi ... Thou Ni Ni Ni-vu ... Of thee Un-nu-dai-ya Nindg Ni-yok-ka ... Thine Un-na-thu NindMha Ni-thi ... You Nir Ninngal Mi-ru ... Of you Um-mu-dai-ya Ningalude Mi-yok-ka ... Your Um-ma-thu Ningaludedha Mi-thi ... He A- van , Avan Yd-du ... Of him A-va-nu-dai-ya Avande Yd-ni-yok-ka *•• His A-va-na-thu Avandedha Yd-ni-thi ... They A-var-gal Avar (maso.), ava (neuter) Ya-ru ... Of them A-var-ga-lu-dai-ya Avarude Ya-ri-yok-ka ... Their A-var-ga-lu-thu Avarudedha Ya-ri-thi ... Hand Kai Kei Che-yi ... Foot A-di, (or) Pd,-tham KM Pd-tha-mu (or) A-du-gUi Nose Mdk-ku M{ikka Muk-ku ... Eye Kan Kanna Kan-nu •1* Mouth Yay Y^y N6-ru ... of Southern India. { 3 ) 45 Canarese. Toda (Neilgherries.) Badaga (Neilgherries.) English. Ondu Vodd Vondu One. Eradu Ed Yeradu Two. Miiru Mudu Muru Three. Ndlku Nanku Nalku Four. Aidu Uj ("u" as in German) . . Eldu Five. Aru Ar Aru Six. ■ Elu Tteu Ylen Seven. Bntu Yett or ett Yettu Eight. Ombhattu Onpad ("d"=th) Vombhattu Nine. Hattu Pad Hattu Ten. Ippattu Eppad Ippattu Twenty. . Ai-vattu Eivad Eivattu Fifty. Nuru Vodd niir Nuru Hundred. N4nu An Na I. Nannannu Tenna Yenna Of me. Nannadu Yennadu Yennadu Mine. Navu * Em, am * Yengla, angla We. Namma * Yemma, namma *Yenga, anga Of us. Nammadu Our. Ninu Ni Ni Thou. Niana Ninna Ninna Of thee. Ninnadu Ninnadu Ninnadu Thine. NIvu Niv Ningla You. Nimma Nimma Ninga Of you. Nimmadu Your. Avanu Adiim, Ava He. Avanadu Adun Avana Of him. Avana His. Avaru Adum Avaka They. Avara Adun Avakara Of them. Avaradu Their. Kai Kei Kei Hand. Adi (or) Pada Kal Kalu Foot. Mligu Mituff Muku, mugu Nose. Kannu Kann Kannu Eye. Bayi Bai Bai Mouth. •■Rm TBmma ia used when the per son spoken to is not included ; dm if the person is included. The same is the c ase with yengla and angla in Badag ( 4 ) Dravidian Languages English. Tamil. Malayalum. Telngu. Tooth Pal Palla Pal-lu Ear Ka-thu Cheni Che-vi Hair Ma-yir Eomam, talanara Ven-tru-ka Head Tha-lai Tala Tha-la Tongue Nak-ku NSva Na-lu-ka Belly Va-yi-ru Vayara Ka-du-pu Back Iron Mu-thu-gn, I-rum-bu Mudhuga Irumba "Vi-pu I-nu-mu Gold Pon Swarnam, pon Ban-ga-ru Silver Vel-H Velli Ven-di Father Tha-gap-pan Aohchan Than-dri Mother TUj Amma Thal-li Brother Elder brother Sa-go-tha-ran Udapirannavan Sa-ho-tha-ru-du Younger brother • • ■ ■ » • Sister Elder sister Sa-go-tha-ri Udapirannaval Sa-ho-tha-ri Younger sister Man Woman Ma-ni-than Stri Manushyan-^n Stri, pen Ma-ni-shi Stri Wife Child Pen-ddt-ti Ku-lan-dai ChSrya-kettiyval Eutti, kidS,wa Pen-dld-mu Bid-da Son Ma-gan Magan Ko-ma-ru-du Daughter Slave Ma-gal A-di-mai Magal Aidma Ko-mar-the B^-ni-se Cultivator Shepherd Pa-yir-i-du-ki-ra-van ... I-dai-yan Krishi-kharan Attukdran Vya-va-sd-ya-mu-che-yu- va-du. Gol-la-va-du God Ka-da-vul Deivam Th^-vu-du DevU Pi-sa-su PishS,cha Pi-sa-cha-mu Sun Moon Su-ri-yan San-thi-ran Sviryan Ohandran Sur-yu-du Chan-thru-du Star Fire Water Nat - chath-thi-ram Ne-rup-pu Than-mr Nakshatram Tl Vellam Nat-oha-thra-mu Nip-pu Nll-lu House Vi-du Vida Il-lu European house Horse Ku-thi-rai Kudhira Gur-ra-mu Cow Pa-su Pashu A-vu ( 5 ) of Southern India.- — (Continued.) 47 Canarese. Toda (Neilgherries.) Badaga (Neilgherries.) English. Hallu Parzh Hallu Tooth. KiTi Kev Kivi Ear. Kudidu Mir Kudalu, meiru Hair. Tale Madd Mande, tale Head. Nalige Nav Nalange Tongue. Hotte Bir Hotte BeUy. Bennu U£ Bennu Back. Xapbhina Kabban Kabbuna Iron. Chinna (or) Honnu Chinna Chinna Gold. BeUi Bilti BeUi Silver. Tan-de Enin Appa, tande Father. Tdyi Av Ave, tai Mother. Sahodara Brother. Enon etud Anna Elder brother. Enonkinnud Tamma Younger brother. Sahodiri Sister. Akka Akka Elder sister. Enorvet kukh Tange Younger sister. Manusliya 11 Alu Man. Hengasu Kiikb Herniu Woman. Hendati Kattvodi kukh Hendaru Wife. Magu (or) Kiisu Popan Kusu Child. Maganu Makh, kin makh Maga Son. Magalu Tiij makh Magalu Daughter. Dasa (or) Ghilain Slave. Saguvalidara (or) Sedya- YokaU khan "Vokaliga Cultivator. gara. Kuruba Adukaran Adukara Shepherd. D6varu D^r Devaru God. Pisaohi (or) BMta Etud put (great Devil) . . . ■Pishaohi Devil. Surya Birzh Hattu Sun. Chandra Tiggal Tingalu Moon. Nafeshatra (or) Ohuk-ke. Min Minu, nakisatra Star. Benki Didd, nerp Penki, kichchu nerpu ... Fire. isTiru Nir Niru Water. Mane Arzh Ale House. Koat (fortress) Bangale European house. Kudure Kadare Kudure Horse. G-ovu (or) Hasa (or) Akalu Danam Dana Cow. 48 ( 6 ) Dravidian Languages English. Tamil. Malaj'alum. Telugu. Dog Ndy My Kuk-ka Cat Pu-nai Puoha Pil-li Cock S^-val P{lvankkorhi Pun-ju Duck Vath-thu Tarava Ba-thu Ass Ea-lu-thai Kanhudha Ga-di-the Camel Vot-tai Ottagam Von-te Bird Pat-chi Pa,kRhi Pat-chi Go P6 Poga P6 Eat Sdp-pi-du Tinnuga Thi-nu Sit Vut-ka-ru Irikkuga Kur-oho Come Yi Varuga Ed Beat A-di Adikkuga Kot-tu Stand Nil-lu Nilkkuga Ni-lu-vu Die S&-VU Ch^vuga Cha-vu Give Ko-du Kodukka, taruga Yiy-yi Eun O-du Oduga Pa-ru-geth-thu Up Ue-U Midhe Pai-na Down Ki-le Tazhg TCin-tha Before Mun-n^ Munhe Mun-thu Near Kit-ta Adukk^ Thag-gi-ra Far Thu-ram Agalg Thu-ra-mu Behind Pin-ne Pinbe Ve-nu-ka Who Ar Ara Ye-va-ru "What En-na Endha Te-mi Why En Endhakonda T^-la And Vnm Um-nm Nnu But A-nal Engn, ennai A-yi-tW If Al Engil The (or) Pat-cha-man-thu Tes Am AdhS uvva A-vu-nu No Il-lai, (or) Al-la Ilia, alia Ld-thu (or) ka-thu Alas Ai-yo Kashtam, ayyo Ay-yo A father Tha-gap-pan Achohan Than-dri Two fathers I-ran-du Tha-gap-pa-nar Ith-tha-ru Than-dru-lu . . . Father's Tha-gap-pan-mar Achohanm^r Than-dru-lu Of a father Tha-gap-pa-nu-dai-ya ... AchchandS Than-dxi-yok-ka Of fathers Tha-gap-pan-md-ru-dai-ya AchohanmElrud^ Than-dru-la-yok-ka To a father Tha-gap -pa-nuk-ku Aohchanna Than-dri-ki To fathers Tha-gap-pan-ma-ruk-ku, . . Achchanm&rkka Than-dru-la-ku From a father Tha-gap-pa-ni-li-run-thu Achchanilninna Than-dri-nun-chi ( 7 ) of Southern India. — (Continued. ) ^\y Canarese. Toda (Neilgherries.) Badoga (Neilgherries.) English. Nayi Nai Nai Dog. Bek-ku Kotti Kotti Oat. Hunja Huja Hunja, huva Cock. Bathu Bat Sime batu Duok. Eatte Klatte ' Klatte Ass. Onte Yotte Votte Camel. Pakshi (or) Hakki Belt Hakkilu Bird. Hogu Atfo, Atpo Hogu, po Go. Unnu Tinn Tinnu Eat. Kiitu-kollu Neshkir Kuli Sit. m 'tva, itva Ba Come. Hodi Pui Hui Beat. Nfflu Nellu Nillu Stand. Sa-yu Kett fo Kett hogu Die. Kodu Ta, kodu Ta, ko du Give. Cdu Vodu Vodu ;Sun. Mele Mok Mele Up. Kelige Erg, nerzhg Kelage, klia Down. Munde Muddk, mucliclie Munde, Munohe Before. Hattara (or) Samipa ... Kekhuri Sare, vottura Near. Dura Batkhi Dura Far. Hinde Pindalk Hinde Behind. Taru Alio Taru Who. tjXM What. Tatakke Et? Taa Why. Mattu Adare U affixed to the foregoing noun. Ale U Ale And. But. Ee (affix) Arzh or narzli Ee (annexed to the verb) If. Houdu TTa Haudu Yes. lUa A lUa No. Ayyo Tan-de Ah! Bnin Ayo ! Tande Alas. A father. Ibbaru tan-de-ga-lu Two fathers. Tan-de-ga-lu Tandeglo Fathers. Tandeya Enin Tandea Of a father. Tandegala Tandege Tandegalige Tandeyinda Ening Bninedd Tandega Tandeinda Of fathers. To a father. To fathers. From a father. ( 8 ) Dravidian Language English, Tamil. Malayalam. Telugu. From fathers Tha-gap-pan-ma-ri-li-run thu. Achohanmarilninna Thun-dru-la-nun-chi ,.,'•■ A daughter Ku-ma rath-thi Magal Ko-mar-the Two daughters I-ran-du ku-ma-rath-thi- gal. Ith-tha-ru ko-mar-thei-lii| ' Daughters Ku-md-rath-thi-gal Magalugal Ko-mar-the-lu Of a daughter Ku-ma-rath-thi-yi-nu-dai- ya. Eu-ma-rath-thi-ga-lu- dai- ya. Ku-ma-rath- fhik-ku Magalude Ko-mar-the yok'ka Of daughters MagalugaludS Ko-mar-the-la yok-ka ... - To a daughter Magalkka Ko-mar-the-ku To daughters Ku-ma-rath-thi-ga-luk-ku Magalugalkka Ko-mar-the-la-ku Prom a daughter Ku-ma-rath-thi yi-li-run thu. Magalilninna Ko-mdr-the nun-chi From daughters Ku-ma-rath-thi-ga-U-li- run-thu. Magalugalilninna Ko-mar-the-la nun-chi ... A good man Nal-la ma-ni-than Nalla manushyan Man-chi ma-ni-shi Two good men I-ran-du nal-la ma-ni-thar- gal. Ith-tha-ru man-chi ma« nush-yu-lu. Goodman Nal-la ma-ni-thar-gal ... Nalla manushyar Man-chi ma-nush-yu-lu... Of a good man Nal-la ma-ni-tha-nu-dai- ya. Nal-la ma-ni-thar-ga-lu- dai-ya. NaUa manushyand^ Man-chi ma-ni-shi yok-ka Of good men NaUa manushyarudS Man-chi ma-mi Rh-yu-fa { yok-ka. j •" To a good man Nal-la ma-ni-tha-nuk-ku Nalla manushyann^ Man-chi ma-ni-shi-ki ... To good men Nal-la ma-nithar-ga-luk- ku. Nalla manushyarkka ... Man-chi ma-nush-yu-'- la-ku. From a good man Nal-la ma-ni-tha-ni-li- run-du. NaUa manushanilninna... Man-chi ma-ni-shi nun- chi. From good men Nal-la ma-ni-thar-ga-li- li-run-du. Nalla manushyarilninna Man-chi ma-nush-yu-Ia min-ehi. A good woman Nal-la stri Nalla stri Man-chi stri Good women Nal-la stri-gal Nalla strigal Man-chi stri-lu A bad boy Ket-ta pai-yan Chtttha kutti Ched-da pil-la-ka-ya ... A bad girl Ket-ta pen Chittha pen-kutti Ched-da pil-la Good Nal-la NaUa Man-chi Better A-thi-ka nal-la («) Mik-ki-li man-chi Best Ma-ha nal-la Ma-ha man-chi High Vu-yarn-tha Uyamna Po-du-gai-na Higher A-thi-ka vu-yarn-tha ... Mik-ki-li po-du-gai-na \t*m Ma-ha po-du-gai-na ..-.f Highest Ma-ha vu-yarn-tha A horse Ku-thi-rai An-kudhira Gur-ra-mu ...; A mare Pet-tai ku-thi-rai Pen-kudhira A-da gur-ra-mu (a.) There ia no comparative and superlative in Malayalum. " This is better than that" is expressed by, " If you look at that this is good." ( 9 ) of Southern India. — (Continued.) 51 Canarese. Xoda (Neilghervies.) Badaga (Neilgherries.) English. Tandegalinda From fatbers. Magalu (or) Kumdrte ... Kukb, tiij makb Hennu, magalu A daugbter. Ibbaru kumartegalu Two daugbters. Ktundrtegalu ■ •*••• Hennu makkalu Daugbters. Kumarteya Of a daugbter. Kiimdrtegala Of daughters. Kumartege To a daugbter. Kumartegalige To daugbters. KiiTnarteyinda Prom a daugbter. Kumartegalinda From daugbters. Obba olle manushyanu ... UUeal VoUe al A good man. Ibbaru olle manusbyaru. Two good men. OUe manusbyaru Tbe same as in tbe singular. Voile aluglo Good men. 011^ m anusbyana Of a good man. 0116 mamisbyara Of good men. OU^ mamisbyanige To a good man. OUe manusbyarige To good men. .011^ manusbyaninda From a good man. 011^ manusbyarinda ....... From good men. Olle stri (or) Hengasu ... Ullekukb Voile bennu A good woman. OU^ striyaru (or) Henga- As in tbe singular Voile bengla Good women. sara. Ketta buduga Holaivi makb Ketta buduga A bad boy. Ketta budugi HoMvi kukb Eetta bennu A bad girl. OUe UUe Aduninda voile Good. Adakinta oU4 Adunedd uUe Adnmuda voile Better. EUakintaolM EUaedd uUe Tellainda voUe Best. Yettaxa NUa TJdda Higb. Adakinta yettara Higber. EUakinta yettara Higbest. Xudure Kadare Gandu kudure A horse. HeriTiu kudure Caret H^nnu kudure A mare. 53 ( 10 ■) Dravidian Lcmguagm English. Tamil. Malayalum. Telugu. Horses Ku-thi-rai-gal An-ku.dhiragal Gux-ra-mu-lu Mares Pet-tai ku-thi-rai- gal ... Pen-kudhiragal A-da-gur-ra-mu-lu AbuU Ei-sha-ba.m Kaia Vru-sha-bha-mu A cow Pa-su Pashu A-vu Bulls Ei-sha-ban-gal Kaiagal Vru-sha-bha-mu-lu Cows Pa-suk-kal Pashukkal A-vu-lu A dog Nay My Kuk-ka A bitch Pet-tai ndy Patti A-dakuk-ka Dogs Nay-gal N^ykkal Kuk-ka-lu Bitches Pet-tai nay-gal Pattigal A-da kuk-ka-lu A buffalo Male buffalo A he-goat An vel-ld-du An-ada Me-ka p6-thu A female goat Pen vel-la-du Penn-Ma A-da m^-ka Goats Vel-14du-gal Adugal Me-ka-lu A male deer An m^n An-man Mo-gajin-ka A female deer Pen man Pen-mdn A-da-jin-ka Deer Man-gal Mdngal Jin-ka-lu I am Nan I-ruk-ki-r^n Nyin i,gunnu Ne-nu-vun-na-nu Thou art Ni I-ruk-ki-rdy Nt Ni-vu vun-na-vu He is A- van I-ruk-ki-rdn Avan „ Va-du vun-na-du We are Nan-gal I-ruk-ki-rom ,.. Nyanugal „ Me-mu vun-na-mu You are Nin-gal I-ruk-ki-rir-gal... Ninggal „ Mi-ru vun-nd-ru They are A var-gal I-ruk-ki-rdr-gal Avar „ Vdnd-lu vun-na-ru I was Nan i-run-th^n Ny&.n ayirnnnu N^-nu vun-ti-ni Thou wast Ni i-run-th^y Ni Ni-vu vun-ti-vi He was A-van I-run-than Avan „ Va-du vun-de-nu We were Nan-gal I-run-thom Nyangal „ Me-mu vun-ti-mi Tou were Nin-gal I-run-thlr- gal ... Ningal „ Mi-ru vun-ti-ri They were A- var-gal I-run-thar-gal Avar Vand-lu vun-di-ri Be I-ru Aguga Vun-du To be I-ruk-ka Aguwd,n Vun-da Being I-ruth-thal Vun-du-ta Having been I-run-thu Vun-di I may be N4n I-ruk-ka- 1dm Ne-nu vun-da-vach-chu-nu I shall be Nan I-rup-pen Ne-nu vun-thu-nu I should be Nfo I-ruk-ka- v^-num . . . Ne-nu vun-da-va-la-si-na-J thi ...' Beat A-di Adikkuga Kot-tu ...1 » Context is required—" being afraid " ; " this ieing the case " ; " my being present" ; " the state of being," &c., all require to be rendered differently. ( 11 ) of Southern India. — (Continued.) 53 Canarese. Toda (Neilgherries.) Badaga (Neilgherries.) English. Kuduregalu Horses. Hennu kuduregalu Mares. Guli Danam Hori A bull. Easa (or) Akalu Hori Dana A cow. Giiligalu BuUs. Hasagalu Cows. Nayi Caret Nai A dog. Hnneu ndyi Nai Heiinu nai A bitch. • Nayigalu Dogs. Huueu nayigalu • •••-■• Bitches. Er Temme A buffalo. Esht Kona Male buffalo. Hota A he-goat. Mek^ A female goat. Hotagalu G-oats. Gandu hulle (or) Jinke A male deer. Hennu hulle A female deer. Hullegalu (or) Jinkegalu. Deer. Id-dh^ne An erzlikeni Na iddene I am. Id-dhI Ni erzlichi Ni iddare ^., Thou art. Id-dhane Adum erzhchi Ava iddane He is. Id-dheve Am (em) erzhkemi Tengla iddeneo We are. Id-dhiri Niv erzholii Ninglaiddari Tou are. Id-dhare Adum erzhohi Avaka iddara They are. Id-denu An erzhpini Na idde I was. Id-di Ni erzhclii Niiddi Thou wast. Id-danu Adum erzlichi Ava idda He was. Id-devu Am erzhkemi Tengla iddeo We were. Id-diri Niv erzhchi Ninglaiddi Tou were. Id-daru Adum erzhchi Avaka iddaru They were. Iru Eru Iru Be. Ira (or) Iralikke Era Ira To be. Iruvike (or) Irona Erzhaivi Iruva Being. Iddu Eddu Iddu Having been. Nanu ira bahudu Caret Na ira bahudu I may be. Lruvenu Caret {a) I shall be. Nanu iratakkadu Caret Caret I should be. Hodi (or) Badi Pui Hui Beat. /_ \ rni.».n ir, -nakWtaf in Tnrlft nni in Badaffa a future tense ; they use tl le present tense for it with adverbs of time. The Badagas hare the 2ad (a \ There is neither in Toda nor in jjaaaga a luiura i.ou»o ; "icj ^-^ ^^^ ^.^^ ■ - - person W.gHlarfutnres, which they nse for the and person singular and plural m a strong imperative sense. 54 ( 12 ) Dravidian Languages^^ English, Tamil. Malayalam. Telugn. To beat A-dik-ka Adippdn Kot-ta Beating A-dith-thal Adichoha kondirikkunnu Kot-tu-ta Having beaten A-dith-thu Adiohohitta Kot-ti I beat Nan a-dik-ki-ren NyS,n adikkunnu Ne-nu kot-tu-thd-nu ... Thoubeatest Ni-a-dik-ki-ray Ni Ni-vu kot-tu-tha-vu He beats A- van a-dik-ki-ran Avan „ Va-du kot-tu-tha-du ... We beat N^n-gal a-dik-ki-rom ... Nyangal „ M^-mu kot-tu-tha-mu ... Tou beat ...' Nin-gal a-dik-ki-iir-gal. . . Ningal „ Mj-ru kot-tu-tha-ru They beat A-vax-gal a-dik-ki-rdr-gal Avar „ Va-ru kot-tu-tha-ru I am beating Nan a-dith-thuk-kon-di- ruk-ki-ren. Nyan adikkunnunda Ne-nu kot-tu-thun-na-nu I was beating Ndn a-dith-thuk kon-di- run-th^n. NySn adikkugayayirunnu Ne-nu kot-tu-thu-un-ti-ni I had beaten Nan a-dith-thi-run-th^n . . . Nyan adichchiniTinu Ne-nu kot-ti- vun-ti-ni ... I may beat Nan a-dik-ka-16m Inikka adikkugayum am N^-nu kot-ta vaeh-chu-nu I shall beat Nan a-dip-pen Ny^n adikkum Ne-nu kot-tu-thu-nu . . . I should beat Nan a-dik-ka-vet-mim, ... NySn adikkSndadhana ... Ne-nu kot-ta-va-la-si-na- thi. I am beaten Nan a-dik-ka-pa-du-ki • ren. Nyan adikkappednnnu ... Nd-nu kot-ta-ba-du-tha-ntt I was beaten Nan a-dik-ka-pat-ten ... Nyan adikkappettu Ne-nu kot-ta-ba-di-thi-ni I shall be beaten Nan a-dik-ka-pa-du-v^n NyS^n adikkappedum ... N^-nu kot-ta-ba-du-thu-nu I go Nin pogi-r^n Ny^npogunnu Ne-nu p6-tha-nu Thou goest Ni pogi-ray Ni Ni-vu po-thdi-vu He goes A- van p6-gi-ran Avan „ Vd,-du p6-tha-du We go Tou go They go I went Nan p6-n4n Nyan poyi Nd-nu p6-thi-ni Thou wentest Nl po-nay Nl „ Ni-vu p6-thi-vi He went A-van p6-nan Avan „ Va-du p6-yi-na-du We went You went They went Go P6 Pp (Imperative.) P6 Going P6-thal P6giniTiunda-p6yikondi- rikkunnu. Po-vu-ta Gone P6y Poyippoyi P6-yi W hat is your name ? ... Vun pe-yar en-na ? NindS per endha Nipd-ruye-mi? How old is this horse ? ... In-tha ku-thi-raik-ku eth- tha-nai varya-su ? I kudhirSbka etra vayass- ayi. I gur-rd-ni-ki va-ya-su-en*- tha? ( 13 ) of Southern India. — (Continued.) 55 Canarese. Toda (Neilghenies.) Badaga (Neilgherries.) Englisli. Hodilikke Puiya, puiya Huiya To beat. Hodiyuvike PuiySivi Huiyuva Beating. Hodidu Puidu Huidu Having beaten. Hodiyutt^ne Pnikeni Huidene I beat. Hodiyutti Puichi Huidare Thou beatest. Hodiyuttane PuioM Huidana He beats. Hodiyutteve Puikemi Huideneo We beat. Hodiyuttiri PmoM Huidari Tou beat. Hodiyut-tare Puichi Huidara They beat. 1 Hodiyut-tid-dhene I am beating. Hodiyut-tid-denu I was beating. Hodidu-id-denu I had beaten. Nanu hodiya baliudu . . . Caret Na huiya bahudu I may beat. Hodiyuvenu I shall beat. Nanu hodiyatakkadu ... I should beat. Hodiyal paduttene Caret I am beaten. Hodiyal-pattenu « ■ • •• M I was beaten. Hodiyal-paduvenu I shall be beaten. Hogut-tene An pokeni* Na hone I go. Hogutti Poki Ni hore Thou goest. Hoguttane Poki Ava bona He goes. Pokemi Tengla honeo We go. Poki Ningla hadari You go. Poki Avaka badara They go. Hodenu Pokifiolipini Avaka bode » . . I went. Hode (or) Hodi Pokifichi Avaka hodi Thou wentest. Hodanu Pokiflohi Avaka boda He went. Poki fichpimi Avaka bodeo We went. Pokifichi Avaka hodi Tou went. Pokifichi Avaka bodaru They went. Hogu Atfo Hogu Go. Hogutta Poaivi Hoguva Going. Hogi Poi Hogi Gone. Ninna hesaru enu 4.. Ninn per exna ? Ninna hesaru yenu What is your name 'i I kudurege yesMu varusha I ka,da,reg yett kvar udi. I kudurega yejavarija atu How old is this horse ? * This verb is irregular in Toda and Badaga 56 ( 1* ) Dravidian Languages English. How far is it from here to Kashmir ? How many sons are there in your father's house ? I have walked a long way to-day. The son of my uncle is married to her sister. In the house is the saddle of the white horse. Put the saddle upon his back. I have beaten his son with many stripes. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill. He is sitting on a horse imder that tree. His brother is taller than his sister. The price of that is two rupees and a half. My father lives in that small house. Give this rupee to him ... Take those rupees from him. Beat him well and bind him with ropes. Draw water from the well Walk before me Whose boy comes behind you.P From whom did you buy that? From a shop-keeper of the village. Tamil. Iv - vi - dath - thirk - kimi- Eash-mi-rath-thirk-kum ev-va-la-vu thu-ram ? Vun-nu-dai-ya tha-gap- pa-nar vit-til eth-tha- nai ku-ma-rar-gal i-ruk- ki-rar-gal ? In-draik-ku ne-dun-thii- ram na-dan-then. En-nu-dai-ya ma-man ma- gan a-va-lu-dai-ya than- gai-yai vi-va-gam sey- thu-kon-dan. Vit-ti-le vel-lai ku-thi-rai se-nam i-ruk-ki-ra-thu. A-thin mel s^-nath-thai- kat-tu. A-va-nu-dai-ya ma-gan- nai a-n^-ga a-di a-dith- th^n. Ma-lai vueh-chi-yil a-van ma-du -meyth - thu-kon- di-ruk-ki-ran. A-van ku-thi-rai-mel vut- kan-thu-kon-du an-tha- ma-rath-thin kel i-ruk- ki-ran. A-va-nu-dai-ya sa-go -tha- ran a-va-nu-dai-ya sa-gd- tha-ri-yai vi-da vu-ya- ram. A-thin vi-lai i-ran-du-rai- ru-pay. En tha-gap-pa-nar an-tha sin-na vit-til va-sam- pan-nu-ki-rar. A-va-ruk-ku in-tha ru-pd- yai ko-du. A-va-ri- dath- thi - li-run- du an-tha ru-pay-ga-lai vdn-gik-kol. A-va-nai nan-dray a-dith- thu ka-yit-ral kat-tu. Ki-nat-ri-li-run-thu than- ni'r sen-thu. E-nak ku mun na-da , . Ta-ru-dai-ya v^-laik-ka- ran vun pin-nal va-ru- ki-ran. Ta-ri-dath-thi-li-run-thu a-thai van-gi-nay ! Vur ka-daik-ka-ra-ni-dath thi-le. Malnyalam. IvidS-ninna Kashmir-illek- ka etra dilram unda. Nindg achchande vtttil etra an-makkal unda. Telugn. Nyan inna adhigam vazhi nadannirikkunnu ("dh" aspirate). Ende ammamandS magan avalude udalpirannavale kalySnam kazhichchirik- kunnu. Vella kudhirayude jini vittil unda. avande-purattha Jiniye iduga. Ny£i,n avande magane valare adi adicchirik- kunnu. Kunninde mugalil avan kannagale meyikkunnu. A maratthinde chumattil avan oru kudhira purat- tha irikkunnu. Avande sahodaran avande pengalekkal uyaram- ullavan-agunnu. Adhinde vila randara uruppiga agunnu. Ende achchan a cheriya vittil parkkunnu. I uruppiga avanna koduk- ka. I uruppigagate avande- vakkal ninna edukka. Avane nallavannam adioh- cha kayaragai-kondu ket- tuga. Kinattn-ninna veUam kora. Ende-munbil nadakka ... Ninde-pinnil varunnadha arude chekkan agunnu. Adhine ni arude-vakkal- ninna vilakka v&ngi. Ordmatthile oru pidiga- karanil-ninna. Ik-ka-di-ki Xash-mi-ra-mu en-tha thii-ra-mu ? Ni than-dri intlo en-tha-ru ko-mal-lu vun-na-ru? Ne-du ba-hu thu-ra-mu na-di- chi-na-nu. Na ma-ma ko-ma-ru-du tha-ni sa-ho-tha-ri-ni pen-dla-de-nu. Int-16 thel-la gur-ra-pu ji- ni vun-na-thi. Thd-ni nu-tha ji-ni-ni kat- tu. Va-ni ko-du-ku-nu cha-la theb-ba-lu kot-ti-na-nu. Kon-da me-tha pa-su-vu- lu m^-pu-thun-na-du. Va-du a chet-tu-kin-tha gur-ra-mu mi-tha kur- chun-di vun-nd-du. Va-ni sa-ho-tha-ru-du vi- ni sa-ho-tha-ri kan-te po- du-gu-ga vun-na-du. Tha-ni kha-ri-thu ren-dun- na-ra rti pd-yi. Na than-dri i chin-na int- lo va-sa-mu ches-tha-du. I ru-pa-yi-ni a-tha-ni-ki im-mu. A-tha-ni-vath-tha-nun-cH d ru pa-yi-la-nu puch- chu-kom-mu. Van-ni ba-ga kot-ti thal- la-tho kat-tu. Bha-vi-16 nil-lu ch^-thu... Na-ku mun-thu na-du-vu E-va-ri pa-ni-vd-du ni vem-ba-di vas-tha-du ? Th^n-ni e-va-ri vath-tha kon-ti-vi ? Gra-ma an-ga-di-va-ni- vath-tha. ( 15 ) of Southern India. — (Concluded.) 57 Canarese. Toda (Neilgherries.) Badoga (Neilghorries.) IllindaKashmirige yeshtu ddra. Nimma tandeya maneyalli yeshtu gandu makkalu iddare. I hottu bahala duranadade Nanna mavana maganu avala sahodiriya magal- annu maduve madi kon- danu. Bill kuduxeya jinu maney- alli ide. Adakke jlnu kattu Avana maganige bahala dabbe hodoale. Bettada mele dana-vannu meyisut-tid-dane. Amarada kelage kniduxe mele kutid-dhane. Avana sahodaranu avana sahodiriginta uddavdgid- dane. Adara kraya eraduvare Eupayi. Achikka maneyalli nanna tande vasa maduttdne. Avanige i mpayi kodu . Aru pdyigalanna avanin- da tegaduko. Avananna chennagi hoda- dn huggadinda kattu. Bhaviyinda niru sedu . . Nanna munde nadi Nanna hinde yara huduga baruttane. Adannu yarinda belege kondukonde ? Gramada an Ittedd Kashmirg upamai badkhiya. Atte nimmenin arzhulg yett makh udi. Ini badkhiedd naded verzhpini. Tenn enin perud makhadun enorvet kuMi kattehi. Bilti kadare jin koatulg udi. Jin adun uf mok idu. An adun makh upamadi puidpini. Ditt mok adum er katchi. Adum a men erk kadare mok ersbchi. Adun enon tann en or vet kukhedd ni-lamaiudi. Adun bele ed ada kas. Yenn enin a kinnud arzhulg udi. I kas adug kodu Akas adunedd yettu Adum upamai puidu hag- gaedd katu. Paedd (from the stream) nir yettu. Tenna muddk nade English. Aran makh yenn piiidalk or boddehya farzhchiya. Aredd adum yett farzhiya (or baddehya ?) Uru aggadi karaedd yett baddpini. Illinda Kashmirug a yeja duravo. Alii nimma appana maneo yeja makk alu. Indu durainda nadedu bande. Tenna doddappana maga avla henna kattiddane. Billi kudure jinumaneolge untu. Jinu aduna bennuna mele haku (idu). Na avana magana ghat- tiagi huidubitte- Dittuna mele ava yemme katina. Ava a morada kelage kudure mele kulidana. Avana anna tanna ak- kainda udda agiddane. Aduna bele yeradu are rupei. Yenna appa a kunna maneo iddane. I rupei avaniga kodu. . . . A rupei avaninda tegi . . Avana channagi huidu haggainda katu. Hallainda niru yettu Yenna munde nade Yara maga yenna hinde bannana vo ? Yarinda aduna yetti kon- dya. Uruna angadi karaninda kondu konde. How far is it from here to Kashmir ? How many sons are there in your father's house ? I have walked a long way to-day. The son of my uncle is married to her sister. In the house is the saddle of the white horse. Put the saddle upon his back. I have beaten his son with ma^ay stripes. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill. He is sitting on a horse under that tree. His brother is taller than his sister. The price of that is two rupees and a half. My father lives in that small house. Give this rupee to him. Take those rupees from him. Beat him well and bind him with ropes. Draw water from the well. Walk before me. Whose boy comes behind you? From whom did you buy that? F^om a shop-keeper of the village. DIALECTS OF BEHAR. El 60 ( 2 ) Dialects of English. Vernacular of Patna. Vernacular of Gja. Vernacular of Champarun. Vernacular of Tiihoot. West Numerals. One Ek, ekgo, ektho ... Ek •Ek, ego, ^ktho ... Ek .. Two Do, dogo, dotho ... Du Dii, dugo, diitho ... Dii , , Three Tin, teen go, teentho. Tin Tin, tingo,tintho... Tin •• Four Char, ehargo, chartho. Chdr Char, ganda, chartho. Ohdr •• Five Panch, Pduehgo, Panchtho. Panch Panch, gahi Panch •• Six Chhah, chhago, chhatho. Ohhau Ohhau Chau Seven Sat, satgo, sattho Sat Sdt S£t Eight At, kigo, attho ... At Ath Ath ■ • Nine • Nau, naugo, nautho. Nau Nau Nau Ten Das, dasgo, dastho Das Das Das Twenty Pis, hisgo, bistho. BisorKori Bis, kori Bis •• Fifty Pachd,s, pachasgo, paohastho. Pachas Pachas Pachas ' Hundred Sau, saugo, sautho Sau Sau Sau • • Pronouns. I Ham Ham Ham Ham We Hamne Hamdni Hamni Ham Thoa Tou - Tou Tun Ten Ton Tiihne Tohani Tohni Turn He u TJ, hau U' They Ohney or wahny TJkani Uheisabh TJ'sab • ■ Of me Hammar, hamar more. Hamar Hanmar Hamar • • Of us Of thee Homrohni kair ... Tore, tohar, tohar Hamani ke Tore ' Hamni k^ Tohar Hamar Tor •• Of you Tohrohnika^r, toh- lagnikair. Tohani ke Tohani ke Tohar Of him Okar Okar- Okar, unkar Okar Of them Onkar or wonhoni- tair. TJkanhin ke TJnhamk^, uhen sabh k^. IJ'nka • • Mine Hammar, hamar ... Hamar Hammar Hamra Our , Hamrohnika^r Hamani ke Hamni ke Hamra ■' Thine Tere Tore Tohar Tohar Tour Tohar Tohani ke Tohanik^ Tohra • * His Okar Okar Okar, unkar IJnka Their Onkor, or onhini- kair. TJnkanhin ke (The same as " of them.") H'nka sab •• Befiar. ( 3 ) 61 Vernacular of Eaat Tirhoot. Vernacular of Weat Purneah (Hiudee). Vernacular of East Purneah, (Bengali). English. Ek Ek Ek One. Da Du Dui Two. Tm Tin Tin Three. • Char Char Chdr Eour. Panch Panch Pdnoh Five. Gbhau Cha Cha Six. Sdt Sat Sat Seven. Ath Ath Ath Eight. Nau Nau Nau Nine. Das Das Das Ten. Bis Bis Bis Twenty. Pachas PachSs Pachas Fifty. Sa Sau Hundred. Ham Hamain Hami I. Ham Hamralog Hamra We. Tou Tohani Tui Thou. Tousali Tohrarke Tomra Tou. Hud, wall Uni Oha He. Hunkalokani Unsab Ora They. Hamra Mera Hamar Of me. Hamra Hamrasabhoke Hamsar Of us. Tohar Tohrai Tor Of thee. Tohrasah Tohrasabke Tomsar Of you. Hunka Okrake Okar Of him. Hunka sabhak Hemkasabhooke . ... Usar Of them. Hamra Mera Mor Mine. Hamra Hamrasabhooke Hamsar Our. Tohar Tohrarke Tor Thine. Tohrasah Tohar Tdir Tour. Hnnka, sah Okar Ohar His. Hunka sabhak Okarsabhuke Osar Their. 62 ( 4 ) Dialects of English. Vernacular of Patna. Vernacular of Gya. Vernacular of Champarun. Vernacular of West Tirhoot. Hand Hat .. Hat Hat, kar* Hat Foot Gor .. Gor Gor, paon, pair ... Gor Nose Ndk .. Nak Nak Ndk Eye Nayan or ankh .. Ankh Ankh, nayan, netraf Ankh Mouth M?t Vemacalai of East Tirboot. Vernacular of West Purneali. (Hindee.) Vernacular of East Purneali, (Bengallefi.) Knglisli. Nek, or bes Nekose nek Tahu san nek TJnoh Ohuse unch Sab sau uncb Ek ghora Ek ghori Crbora sab Gbori sab Ekean Ekgai Sdndh. sab Gai sab EkknkTir Ek kutti Knkur sab Eutti sab Ek khassi Ek bakri Bukri sab Ek harin Ek haiini Harin sab Ham cbbi Ham sab cM Ton chbah Nek Bhalaso bbala Maba nek IJnoh Osse unch Sabse nncb Ek gbora Ek gbori, Bachari Grhora sab Ghori sab Ek shar, dhakur Ekgai DbakuT sab Gai sab ... Ek kutta ... Ek kutti, ek pilli ... Kuta sab Kutti sab ... Ek batu, ek patba • • • Ek bakri Bakra sab ... Ekhama • • • Ek harni ... Harna, harni ... Hama che ... Hamralok ohi ... Tube cho Achhd Bhalaso bhala Sabse acha TJncb Osse unch Sabse unch Ghora Ghori, Bacheri Ghorala Ghorila Ako, ari^ Ekta gai Akooah Gaila Ekta kutta Ekti kuti, ekti pilli Eutala Xutila Bakra, patha Bakri Bakrala Ekta narharin Madi harin Harna, harni Hamichi Ohd che Tuhichis Good. Better. Best. High. Higher. Highest A horse, A mare. Horses. Mares. A bull. A cow. Bulls. Cows. A dog. A bitch. Dogs. Bitches. A he-goat. A she-goat. Goats. Female goats. A male deer. A female deer. Deer. I am. We are. Thou art. 70 ( 12 ) JJialects of English. Vernacnlar of Patna. Vernacular of Gya. Vernacular of Champarun. Vernacular of West Tirhoot. Tou are Tou sab hay Tuhani ha Tohniharah Tohni hu He is hi TJ' hye TJ ha, uhan raharen TJ' hai They are Osab hat Akani hath TJnhani hare TJ' sub huth I was Horn rohi, hom hali, homhaloon... Ham hali Ham rahlin, ham rahen. Ham rahin Thou wast Toiu holin Tun halen Tun rala Tou rahe He was Ohal TJ halye U rahi TJ' rahe We were Hom rohni hoU, ham sab holi. Hamani haliin . . Hamni hane, hamun rahani. Humin robin Tou were Tohrohini hola . . . Tohani hala Tohni hara Tohin rohin They were sab holau U'kani halan U sabh rahas TJ' sub rahath Be Hay, ho, oh H6 Eaha Hay To be Hoye ki Howya Eahna Hona hoet Being Hoet Howyte (No eq^uivalent ex- cept when applied to other sentences.) Hogah Having been Hoka HokuT, or bhelapur Ditto I may be Hom hooye Hamhun hoti Ham rahah Ham hosakUa I shall be Hom hoeb Hamhun hoeb Ham rahah Ham hoy ah I should be Hom hoeb Hamra how^ke chahi Hamra raha ke cha- hin. Hamea hoye ke chahi Beat Mara Pit.Theword'mdr'is also used for " pit." Maro, pitil Mara To beat Danga wangay, maroin, peta gain. Pite ke Mama Marna Beatiag Mar Pityte Mar Mareit hea Having beaten Mar ka Pit ke Marke Marke I beat Ham mara hay . . . Ham pita hi Ham marUi Ham marit hain Thou beatest Tain mara hain ... Tiin pita hahin . . Tun marila Tii marait ha He beats maroihay IT pita hye U marila TJ' marit hath "We beat Ham rohni marahy Hamhani pitahi . . Hamni marili Hamni marit haia ... Tou beat To sab mara hain... Tuhani pitu hahak Tdhnimdrila Tou marit ha They beat Oon kohni, or o sab marahat. Ukani pita huth . . TJ marili TJ' subh marit huth ... I am beating Ham marrohli hay Hum pityt hi Hammarathani ... Ham mareit hai I was beating Hom mara holi, hom mar rohli hoi. Hum pita hali Ham marati rahin Ham marti rahin ... I had beaten Hom marli hoi ... Ham pitalial hul . . Ham marli rahin ... Ham marli rahi I may beat Hom maray Ham pitun . Ham marin Ham marho I shall beat Ham marah, hom marbo. Ham pitbye Hammdrah Ham marah I should beat Hom mara-kay chahli hoi. Hamra pita ki chahi. Hamra mamd cha- , hfn. Hnmra mareke chahin I am beaten Ham mar khaili haye, ham pitoyli haye. Ham pital jahi . . Ham markhailin ... Ham maral gali ... ( 13 ) Behar. — (Continued.) 71 Vernacular of East Tirhoot. Vernacular of West Purneah, (Hindee.) Vernacular of East Purneah, (Bengallee.) English. Auban ohM TJlohathi TJ sab cbhathi Ham cbhalahun Tou chhale TJ chM Ham sabh cbhalown ToTx sab chbalab TJ sab chhalab Ho Hohaka Hoit santa Ham hou Ham hoeb Hamra hamab cbabi Mara Marwa Marait santaj marik Ham-marai chbi Tou marait cbhai U maraitany Hamsabh maraicbhi Aian maraitobliiyik TJ sub marat chatbin Hamarait cbbiyik Hammarait cbbalon Hammarait cbhataik Sait-ham-marban Ham-marah Hamra marak cbabi Ham maral gelabun Toharab sab TJohot Usab obe Hama obi Tuba cbala Uobala ba Tora lok cbala Hamra sub obelo TJ sab cbalo Hoae Hoato Hoa obae Bbaelcbe Hama sakub Ham bobib Ham hoek jog obe Mdr Marba kurtai Marlok obe Mario Ham marul Tu marlo TJ marlok Hamra subbu marul Tobara sub marulcbo TJ sub mama cbe Hamra marlok Hamra mama obelo Ham marul cbul Ham mara saka cbi Ham marub Ham mara cbi Ham mar kbail obi Tora cbis Obai cbe Ora obe Hami cbinu Toe cbilo Oe cbula Tora cbile Hamra cbinu TJra cbilo Bbelab cbe Hamatane Hdobe Habar tane Hamipari Hdmi bamu Hami babo sakbe Mara Marbartane Mare cbe Markbate Hami marnu Tob mari cbis Oba mari obis Hamra marnu Tora mari cbis Ora mdricbe Tou are. He is. Tbey are. I was. Tbou wast. He was. We were. Tou were. They were. Be. To be. Being. Having been. I may be. I sball be. I sbould be. Beat. To beat. Beating Having beaten. I beat. Tbou beatest. He beats. We beat. Tou beat. Tbey beat. • •• Hami marecbi I am beating. ... Hami maricbinu I was beating. Hami maria cbinu I bad beaten. ... Hami marbar pari I may beat. ... Hami marmu I sball beat. ... Hami marmu I sbould beat. ... Hami mar kba cbi I am beaten. 1 E 4 72 ( 14 ) Dialects of Dnglish. I was beaten . . I shall be beaten . . I go Thou g'oest He goes I went Thou wentest He went Go Going Gone What is your name ? How old is this horse ? How far is it from here to Eashmix ? How many sons are there in your father's house? I have walked a long way to-day. The son of my uncle is married to his sister. In the house is the saddle of the white horse. Put the saddle upon his back. I have beaten his son with many stripes. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill. He is sitting on a horse under that tree. His brother is taller than his sister. The price of that is two rupees and a half. Vernacular of Patna. Vernacular of Gya. Hom mar khaili hoi Hom mar khaeh . . Hom jahi Tom ja hoy jahay Horn goyli hoi . . Tom gaylay hoi . . gail hoi Jo, ja Jagi Gail Tohor noo ka ho . . Te ghora koy boch- char ka- ho. Ej goon say or yaha^ say Kashmeri katok dur hay. Tohra bap ka ghar mao katok beta hotho. Hom aj dhair door phiral hyn. Homra chacha ka betaka upna bohin sa beahal gylhye. Ujjar ghorakakhogir ghar mai hye. Khogirya okra phit pa dadahuk. Hom okra beta ka bahut marU hay. Ooh pihar orparbat ka upar gohair chara rohal hay. Oh ghora par pair tolay boithal hay. Okra bhaye okra bahinsa bohut achcha lomba haik. Okar mole a:i;ahi rupayea haik. Ham pital geli hal Ham pital jaeb Ham jahi Tun jS hain TJ jdhye Ham geli Tun gelen TJ gelye Jo, or chal Jaite Chal gelye Tohar ka nawn hon Katek din ke i ghorwa hye. Hifc se Kasmir kute dur hai. Tura bap ke ghar kai beta hathu. Ham aj ban dur la phirli he. Hamar chachera bhai okar bahin se beahal haye, TJjarkd ghorwa ke khogiry a li ghar- wa men hye. Okra pith par kho- gir kas. Ham okar beta ke kora se bari mar marli hai. TJ apan gae goru pahdrwa par char- awa hye. TJ gh6ra par oharhol rukh tare hye. Okar bhai okar ba- hinise lamhar hye. Vernacniar of Champarnn. Vemacalar of West Tirhoot. Ham markhaili rahin Ham mar khaib ... Hamjaib, ham jam Tun gala TJjala Hamgail rahin Tun gail raha TJ gaele Jdh Jana, jat Gaile, chal gaile ... Tohar nam ka ha, raur nam ka how. Okar dam rupyd hye. arhai I' ghora ketna din ke hai. Ihan le Kashmir ketna {or ketek) dur hati. Tohra bap ka ghar men kae larika har6. Aj ham bahut phir- lin {or ghumhin) ban. Hamra chacha ke beta okra {or unh- ka) bahia s^ bia- hal ba. Ghar men, ejarka ghora ke tang (" tekeg" borrowed) hate. Tangakrapith par rakhah. Ham okra beta ke kank b^nt se marlihan. TJ mal jdl pahdr ka mathani par cha- rawat hate {or ha) . TJ gharapar charhal gachh ka nich6 ha {or hari) . Okar bhai okr^bahin se lamhd {or lam- har) ha. Okar dam arhdi rupaiya how {or du rupaiya ego adh^li haw). Ham maral gil rahin Ham maral jayah . . . Hamjaethe Toujaithu TJ'jaithath Ham gali Tou gela H' gale Ja Jati bir Gel Tohar nawn ka hai ... E ghora katek dia ki hai. Ehanse Kusmir ketek diir haik. Tohra bap ke ghar men kai larika haii. Ham aj buhut phirli Hamar chachera bhai okra bahin se behal hai. TJjar ghora ke tang torha ghar men hai. Tang okra pith pur rakha. Ham okra beta ke kora se marli hai. TJ pah^r pur goru churwait hai. TJ' ho pair tar ghora per cnarhul hai. Okar bhai okra bahia se lama hai Oker dam arhai ru- pyah hai. Behar. — (Continued.) ( 15 ) Vernacular of East Tiihoot. Vernacular of West Purneah, (Hindee.) Vernacular of East Purneah, (Bengallee.) English. Ham maral gelchlialahuii Ha,Tnra marlok chol Hami mar khaya chinu ... I was beaten. Ham maral jayali Hamra marut .. Hami mar khaba pie I shall be beaten. Hamjait ohhi Ham jaw .. Hami jamu I go. Tojait cha Tuhaj^ .. Tui jie ohis Thou goest. Ojaitahi O'hojak ■• Ohajache He goes. Hamgelahun Ham gael che Hami ganu I went. Tou gelai Tube gaelohu .. Tub gela Thou wentest. Ogel O'ho gael ... Ohae gel He went. Jail Jo .. Ja Go. Jait sauta Jae che Jdche Going. Bhagel Gael Gael Gone. Tohar nam ki dihan, or aihauk ki nao acli. Tuhiix namki •• Tornam ki What is your name ? \ Te churlea katek dinak ahi Eau ghoraka katna umur Eh ghora kitna din ka chike. How old is this horse ? Etai se Kasmix katek duri cKhan. E thamsa Kashmir katna dur che. Ehan se Kashmir keta duj che. How far is it from here to Kashmere. Aihauk bapak gtarmen ' katek larika aM. Tuhara bapuk ghurme katna larika chohu. Keta beta chuah tor bapar ghorut. How many sons are there in your father's house ? Ai-ham bahut ghumlalmn Aj ham bohut durtuk bululohe. Aj hami bahutdur berailgel clulo. I have walked a long way to-day. . Hamar piti-auta-bbaik biab okra bahin sau ohhaik. Hamar chacha beta se okux bahin se beha bhel che. Hamar chachar beta se ohar bahin se beha bhol- chi. The son of my uncle is married to her sister. Ujux ghoraka timg turha ghur me achi. Ghorma ugra ghoruker jin awcho. Gharme ujra ghoraka char juma jin che. In the house is the saddle of the white horse. Ghorak tang tarhara okra pithpar raiha. Ham okra cbliawarik ka kora sau marlon. Okur pitpiu- jiQ dhuro . . . Ha,m okur betake korase bahoot marul ohi. Ojin ohar pitath rakh Hami ohar beta ke kora nia bahut maria ehi. Put the saddle upon bis back. I have beaten bis son with many stripes. U paharab math parwal sab charbaiy achi. Paharuk upore okar gai churao che. U paharer upore gow charai che. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hUl. IT' gachoktor ghorapur baithul che. Ohai ugachertale ghorar par battia chi. He is sitting on a horse under that tree. Okar bhay'okra bahin sau bar chhaik. Okur bhay awpun bahin se uoh che. O'har bhay apnar bahins^ uchachi. His brother is taller than his sister. Okar dam arhai rupaia chhaik. O'kur dam araie rupaiea ... Ohar dam araie taka The price of that is two rupees and a half. 74 ( 16 ) Dialects of English. Vernacular of Patna. Vernacular of Gya. Vernacular of Champamn. Vernacular of West Tirhoot. My father lives in that small house. Give these rupees to him. Take those rupees from him. Beat him well and bind him with ropes. Draw water from the weU. Walk before me ... Whose boy comes behind you ? From whom did you buy that ? From a shop-keeper of the village. Homar bap chote ka ghar mai rohahay. Teh rupea oonka dohun. Ooh rupeah onka sa lay loh. Mara okra achi tarah our russee sa bandh. Kooyeau sa pani bhoroh. Phiroh homra sojeh. Kokar larka tohra pecha aoho. Kekra saetun o mole lala hay. Gawa ka ekgo du- kan dar or dukan wala sa. Hamar bdp u chhot- ka gharwa men raha hath. I rupya okra dede TJ' sob rupya okra selele. Okrd khiib mar aiir jour se bandh. Kuyan se pani bhar. Hamra se agii chal yk bill. Kekar biitni tora pachhu lagal awa hon. U' kekra se ton mole lele hain. Gawn ke ek dokan- dar se. Hamar bap hohi chhotka ghar men rah lie. P rupaya unhka k6 dah. Haii rupaewa unka se lelah. Okrdke khub* mar a rassi se bandh de. Inara se pani bhar Hamrd sojha chal... Tohrd piohhu kekar larika dwat ha. Hau kekra se kinla bawe. Ego gaon ka banian s4. Hamar bap ohi chhotka ghur me rahai huth. E rupaya okra deda... U riipya okra se lela Okra bari mar mara, aur rassi se bandho Indrd se pani bharo .. Hamra samna phiro... Tohra pichha kakar larika ahait hai. U' tiin kekra se mole lela hai. Gawn ke banydh se ... Behar. — (Continued.) ( 17 ) 75 Vernacular of East Tirhoot. Vernacular of West Purneah, (Hindee.) Vernacular of East Purneah, (Bengallee.) English. Hamar bap clihotka ghor- men rahaiohhathi. Yi rupi^a unka daha rupaia okra sau laleya. . Okra khub maraho aur ras- ea men banbdaha. Inar sau p^ni bharah Hamra agu cbalah Tora pachhu kekur larika, or chhowra awai cbhaik. Okra ton kekra sau mol le- lahai- EM dahatak ek dokandar sau. Hamar bap u cboto ghorme rahaie cb^. E taka okra dabuk E sub rupaian okrase labo Okra rasi se badbike kboob mare marhuk. U' kuawse pani bhur Cbul bamar awgoo Kakur beta tubur piobu awbeb cbo. TJ' too kakra la kinul ohehi U' gawo ker dokani se Morbap u cboto gbarat cbe E taka obak dao E sub taka oba se lau Obak rasita bandiar kbup mare mar. U' kuansepani bbur Hamaragu cbul Kabar beta tor paobu asa- cbe. Tui u kabar Idgi kinlo . . . TJ'gair dokani s^ My father lives in that small bouse. Give this rupee to bim. Take those rupees from bim. Beat bim well and bind bim with rope. Draw water from the well. Walk before me. Whose boy comes be^ hind you? From whom did you buy that ? Prom a shop-keeper of the village. £ 5 ABORieiNAL LAN&UA6ES WESTEEN BENGAL, 78 ( 2 ) Aboriginal Languages English. Sonthalee of Sonthal Pergimnalis. Sonthalee of Midnapore. Sonthalee of Bancoorah. Sonthalee of Maunbhoom. Numerals. One Mit' Mit Mid Mi Two Barea Barea •• Bariya Bareya Three Pe'a Pe'a Peia Peya Four Pn^a Ponea Pania Poneya Five Mor6 . Mane' Mord (gatang) More Sis Turui Turui Turui (do) Turui Seven Eae Ai Eyai Eyde Eight Iral E-ral Iral Iral Nine Ir^ Ar^ re Are Ten Gel Gale Gel Gel Twenty Mit'-isi Isi, bargale Bargel Mi isi Thirty • • • • .... Pe-gel ■ ■ ■ ■ Forty ■ . • • .... Tan-gal • • • • Fifty Bar-isi-gdl Bar-isi-gale, man^'- gale, yala sai. More-gel Baresi gel •• Hundred Pronouns. More-isi Sai, man&i, gale- gale. Mor^-ishi Mi sai I In Ing I Ing We A-le-a-hon, a-b . . Ali, ab, aban Ale Ale or aban Thou Am Am I-i Am Tou A-pe Ape Ape Ape He Aeh' (ai:) TJni, ini, nui, huni, hani nai, ni. Tlni-ena Uni They A-ko Unko, onko, n^ko, enko, hanko,nako, ako, noko. Unko Unko Of me In-ren, or' *reak'. . Ingres, inga, ingren ingreni, ingi. i-ya Ingya Of us Ale-ren, or rea . . Alrea, aMa, alriang, alren, alei. Ale-ya Aleya Our Ta-le Ditto ditto ... ■ • • • Aleya Of thee Am-ren, or reak' . . Amrea, amah, amr^-ni, amren. Ima A ma Thine .... Ditto ditto ... B • • • Ama Of you Ape-ren, or rea . . Ipir^a, apeah, apdrd ang, ap^r^n ap^r&i, ap^i. Apea Apeya Tour Ta-pe Ditto ditto ... .... Apeya Of him Ach'-ren, or reak'. . Unirea, unia, uni- r^n, UTiir6ni, unie. Unia Uniya His Ta-e Ditto ditto ... Uniya ( 3 ) of Western Bengal. 1^ BUumij of Maunbhoom. Kol or Kor of Singbhoom. Juangs of Orissa Jungles. English. Moyon Bariyd Apiya Uponiya Moreya Turiya Aiya Iraliya Areya Greleya Mo hisi Barhisi geleya More hisi Ing Ale Am Ape Ini Ako Ingya Aleya Aleya Ama Ama Apeya Apeya Aie^ga Aiaga Miad Bdr-ea A-pia Upunia Moya Tur-ia lyd Irli^ A-v^ •Gel His-si Bar-his-si-gel Mi-sa Ingording ^ Al-le Am Ap-pe Ai or dyo Ako Inga or aingna AUe-a AUea' Am-a Am-a Ap-pe-a Ap-ped Ai-a Ini or ni Mi) niTii Ambar Sgota Gudami Aing, ain Ainje Am Apaii, Hain Ain Sadatside-kira Hiasibsa, Ara Ai, Ara One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. Ten. Twenty. Thirty. Forty. Fifty. Hundred. I. We. Thou. You. He. They. Of me. Of us. Our. Of thee. Thine. Of you. Tour. Of him. His. 80 ( i ) « Aboriginal Languages English. Sonthalee of Sonthal Pergmnnahs. SonthaJee of Midnapore. Scnthalee of Bancoorah. Sonthalee of Maunbhoom. Of them Ako-ren, or reak'. . Unk6r^a, iinkoa unkoe, unkoreni. Ankoa Unkuya Their Ta-ko Ditto ditto ... • ■ • ■ Unkuya Mine Tin .... .... Isgya Thy Ta-m • ■ • • .... Hand Ti Ti Ti Ti Foot Janga Jang.kata Janga Subti Nose Mu Mu Niyada-mu Muh Eye Met' Met Me Men Mouth Mocha Macha Neocha Mocha Tooth Data Data Data Data Ear Lutur Lutur Lotur Lutur Hair Tip' Up Up Up Head Boho Baha Boho Boho Tongue Alan Alang Alang Alang Belly Lach' Laie Lai Laie Back Dea Dea D^ha Deya Iron Merhet' Min^hen Mehiri Merhen Gold Sona Shana Sonai Samanum Silver Eupa Rupa Eupa Eupa Father Apa, baha Baba, apa, ba Baha Apuing' urn, at Mother Engftj ayo Ekha aio Aio Aiyo, engat Brother Boiha, bokot Bak, baiha, dada ... Eokaia Boiha Sister Mis-:cra Mis^ra, daie, ajing Misrai Miseraing, am, at . . Man Herel Lar, mauti Herel Hor Woman Maejiu Maiju, aimai Ai-mai Kuri Wife Era, aimai , Bahu, era Ara-gumke Bahu Child Gidra Gidra, lidi letka, gedrang, hapan. Gidra Gidra Son Kora-hopon Korahapan, han, kare Hapani Hopon Daughter Kori-hopon Hapanera, klirigidra kurihapan. Hapanerai HdJ)onera Slave Guti Kabaj Kirienkadiai Guti Cultivator Siok'-ich' Chashi Chaskanay Ariyat Shepherd Gupi Verigoopie, mahara Merome gupakana Chirigupi God, a god Thakur, bonga . . Singbakhia, thakur, chandobakhia, isar. Sing-bunga Sing bonga Devil Maran-buru Marabuk, lita, bairi Bhut Bonga Sun Ber-sin-chando . . Singohando, bdra ... Sing-bunga Sing chando Moon (Ninda) chando . . Inda chando Ohando-bunga Chando St,ar Ipil IpU I-pil Ipil Fire Sengel Shekel, rutni Singal Singel ( 5 of Western Bengal. — (Continued.) Bhumij of Maunbhoom. Kol or Kor of Singbhoom. Juangs of Oriasa Jungles. English. Akoya Ako-d ••*•■• Of them. ATfoya En-ko4 Their. Ingya Inga Ainja Mine. Thy. Ti Ti Etiri, Alakti Hand. Talka Ka-ta Alag-ging, ipug Eoot. Muh Mii-ta Matai Nose. Men Met Emade, emar Bye. Mocha A Mukare, masare Mouth. Data Dan-td Gani Tooth. Lutur Lutur Sutude, sutur Ear. Tip Up Inuta Hair. Bo Bo Bokan Head. Alang Alang Tongue. Lai Lyi Belly. Deya Doi-a Back. Mere Med Arlahar Iron. Sammm Samom Gold. Eupa Rupd Silver. Aha Ap-pu Baare, ha Father. M4 Eng-a Buinge, huin Mother. HagEi Bdo Brother. Misi Mis-si Sister. Horo Ho Man. Kuri Kui Woman, Era "Wife. Hon Siti-a ChUd. Hon Hon Son. Hon kuri Hon-era Daughter. Dhangar Das- si Slave. Chasd Sitdn-ho Pasar Cultivator. Medi gopi Gd-pi Shepherd. Sing honga Sing-Bong^ God. Bonga Bon-g^ Mesainke Devil. Sing honga Singi Sun. Chando Ghdn-du Moon. IpH I-pil Star. Sengel Sen-gel Selaide Fire. 82 ( 6 ) Aboriginal Languages English. Sonthalee of Sonthal Pergunnahs. Sonthalee of Midnapore, Sonthalee of Banooorah. Sonthalee of Maunbhoom. Water Dak' Dah, rate, madam, badla. Da Da ... House Ar-ak' Ara, kumba, ghari, kuria. Ora Ora ... Horse .... Sadam Sadam Sadom ■ •• Cow Gai Gaie Gai Dangri ... Dog Setak' S^ta Seta Seta >•• Oat Pusi Pusi Pushi Pusi • •• Cock Sandi Sandi Sim-sari Sim -,, Duck Gede Gere Hans Gere >•• Ass Gadha Gadha Gadha Gadha • • • Camel Ut Unth Unt Unt . •. Bird Chere Chen6 Cheure Chare • •1 Go Sen, chala Chala, taram Ma-chalame Du • •• Eat Jom Jumme-ben-pe Ma-jamme Jome ■ •■ Sit Damp' Durupm^-ben-p6 ... Madarum-m4 Durupme • •■ Come Hejuk' Dela Mahejum-me Dela • •• Beat Dal Dalm^-ben pe Madalum-me Daleme • •• Stand Tiiigun Tokhon me benpe .. Ma-tengun-me Tigunme ..■ Die Gujuk' Laham Coj-enna Gujugme ■ •• Give Em Den, ema Den-e-mnm-me . . Denho • ■• Etm Nir, dar Ded, pid gau Ma-dam-me Daurame • ■• Up Chetan Chat, chetan Chat Chot ,,, Near Sor Sh6r Sore Sur >• « Who ? Okae? ohele? .. Akay Okay Okai **■ And Ar, ado Ch^tna Ar At • t • Yes He Hoe, h^n He Hi >■• Down Latar Tatar, fed Latar Latar • •■ What? Chef? Chet Chat Ched >.. Far Sangin Shakhing, Farak... Sangina ' Sanginre ..• But Men-khan Menkhan Kinta Mentuk ... No Ban Banga, bang, enhen Bang Alo, bang • •• Before Laha, maran samaii Tahare, shamangre Samang Laha • •■ Behind Tayom Taghmare Taenam Tainam ..a Why? Chedat' ? Ch^dang Cheday Cheya ..* If Khan Hapen, khan Haping Khan ... Alas ! Haere ! Hai Hay-hay Uh .■• A father Apa Baba Baha-tiny Mitang apdt Two fathers Apa-kin Barea baba, baba tekin. Apatikin • •• Fathers Apa-ko Babateko Baha-teko Apateko • •• Of a father Apa-ren Babarea Bahar-eya Apdt reya ... ( 7 ) of Western Bengal — (Continued.) 83 Bhumij of Maunbhoom. Kols or Kor of Singbhoom. Juangs of Orissa Jungles, English. Da Ora Sadom Gai Seta Pusi Sim Koro Gadha TJnt Ohere Ju Jomeme Dupme Ela Dalime Tegunme Gojome Da Daurime Chetan Nare Okoi Oro Hi Later Chikana Sanginre Mento Alo Aiya Taiyam Chiya Jodim Uh Moyonaba Abatakin Apomtako Apoteya m Oa Sa-dam Uri or gimdi Seta Bil-li Sim He-de-ge Gada 0-6 Sen-men Jum-men Diib men Hiiju-men T4m-men Tingiin-men Gajo-men Emi-men Nir-men Sir-ma Ja-par A-koi Au-da E-d Su-ba Chia Sang-ing Mendo Ka Airte Doi-^ Ohikan-mente Euredo He-guri Ap-pu Ap-pu-king Ap-pu- ko Ap-pu- a Dagude, dak Ingaree, inga Gaire, arei Bileire, billi Nona Dokana Pangana Nidinga Water. House. Horse Cow. Dog. Cat. Cock. Duck. Camel. Bird. Go. Eat. Sit. Come. Beat. Stand. Die. Give. Eun. Up. Near. Who. And. Yes. Down. What. Far. But. No. Before. Behind. Why. If. Alas. A father. Two fathers. Fathers. Of a father. 84 ( 8 ) Aboriginal Languages English. Sonthalee of Sonthal Pergunnahs. Sohtbalee of Midnapore. Sonthalee of Bancoorah. Sonthalee of Maunbhoom. Of fathers Apako-ren Baba t^korea Baha-tekoya Apat reya To a father Apa-then Baba Baha-emaye Ap^te (thin) ;.. To fathers Apako-then Baba t^ko Bah a-teko-emakura Apat kothen Fi'Sm a father Apa-khon Baba kan Baha-tei-surna Ap^thin khon From fathers Apako-khon Baba t6ko khan ... Baha-teko-are Apat kothen khon ... A daughter Hoponera Hapanrera Mingotang Kuri Two daughters Hoponerakin Hapan-era-tekin ... .... Kuri kin Daughters Hoponerako Hapan-era-teko ... Dher-uteroko Kuri ko Of a daughter Hoponera-ren Hapan-era ia Hopon-aronya Kuri reya Of daughters Hoponerako-ren . . Hapan-era-teko r^a. Hopon-raeteko Kuri koreya To a daughter Hoponera- then' . . Hapan era Ming-gote-emae ... Kuri then To daughters Hoponerako-then. . Hapan era teko ... Jato -houre-emakura Kuri ko then From a daughter . . Hoponera-khon .. Hapan era khan ... Mitta-hopon-erai- teko. Kuri then khon From daughters . . Hoponergko-khon Hapan era t^ko rea Addi-uteriko-hopon- eraiteko. Kuri kothen khona ... A good man Bugi herel Bog^har "Wilta-bes-horkana Bes herel Two good men Bugi-herel-kin . . Bog^ harkin • . . • Bes herel kip Good men Bugi-herel-ko B6g6 harko Addi-bes-karkana Bes herel ko Of a good man Bugi herel-ren . . Bog^ har-rea Mittang-hogeher . . . Bes herel reya Of good men Bugi-herel-ko-ren. . B6g^ har tekorea ... Dhar-utar-hogeher Bes herel koreya To a good man Bugi herel-then . . Bog^har Oke-okay-minher . . . Bes herel then To good men Bugi-herel-ko-then Boge harteko Udi- uteriko-hogehor Bes herel ko then ... From a good man . , Bugi herel-khon . . Boge har-khan ... .... Bes herel then khona From good men . . Bugi-herel-ko-khon Boge har t^ko khan .... Bes herel ko khona ... A good woman Bugi maejiu Boge maiju Mintang-hoge-aimai Bes era Two good women . . Bugi maejiukin . . B6g6 maijukin .... .... Good women Bugi maejiuko . . Boge maijuko Dhe-utarako-aimai Bes era ko Of a good woman . . Bugi maejiu-ren . . .... .... • • . . To a good woman . . Bugi maejiu-then. . .... .... . . . From a good woman Bugi maejiu-khon. ■ • • « .... .... A bad boy Barich' kora Bari-kora-hapan ... Mittang-karahapon- harigia. Bari kora A bad girl Bari kuri hapan ... Mittang-kuri-hapon- harriga. Bageay Bari kuri Good Bugi Boge Bugi Better Arho bugi TJnikhan boge Inekonda-hese-bagi- ya. Bugi geya Best Sanam-khon bugi or bugi. Jatakhan b6ge Khube-bagia Bugigeyai High TJsul Ushul TJsula TJsul Higher r Arho usul Unikhan ushul . . . Khub-usula Usui geya ( 9 ) of Western Bengal. — (Continued.) 8S Bhumij of Maunbhoom. KoU or Kor of Singbhoom, Juangs of Orissa Jungles. English. Abatakoya Ap-pu-ko-^ Of fathers. Apote Ap-pu-tar To a father. Apatetako Ap-pu-ko-tar To fathers. Abata Ap-pu-te From a father. Apomta kota Ap-pu-ko-te .,.-... From fathers. Kurihon Hon-erd A daughter. Kuri hon kin Hon-era-king Two daughters. Kurihon ko Honera-ko Daughters. Kuri hon reya Hon-era-a Of a daughter. Kurihx)nkoya Hon-era-kua Of daughters. Kuri hon thin Hon-era-tar To a daughter. Kurihon thin Hon-erd-ko-tar To daughters. Kurihon tate Hon-era-te From a daughter. Kurin hon ko tate Hon-erd-ko-te From daughters. Bugia separet Biigi-ho A good man. Bugin separet kin Bugi-ho-king Two good men. Bugin separet ko Biigi-ho-ko Good men. Bugin separet reya Bugi-ho-d Of a good man. Bugin separet koya Biigi-ho-kua Of good men. Bugin separet thin Bugi-ho-tar To a good man. Bugin separet ko thin Bugi-ho-ko-tar To good men. Bugin separet tate Biigi-ho-te From a good man. Bugin separet ko tate Biigi-ho-ko-te From good men. Bugin kuri Bdgi-ktii A good woman. Two good women. Bugin kuri ko Bugi-kui-ko Good women. Of a good woman. To a good woman. From a good woman. Etkankora Etkd-koa A good boy. Etkankuri Etka-kui A bad girl. Bugi Bugi Good. Orobugi End or aia-te-bugi Better. Marang bugi Sabe-te-bugi Best. Salangi • Sirma High. Oro salangi Ena-te-sirmd Higher. 86 ( 10 ) Aboriginal Languagm English. Sonthalee of Sonthal Pergunnalis. Sonthalee of Midnapore. Sonthalee of Bancoorah. Sonthalee of Maunbhoom. ,' Highest Sanam-khon usal or usul uttar. Jatakhan ushul ... Adi-char Usui geyai Ahorse Andia sadom Sadam Mit-gote-sadam . . Sadom A mare Eiiga sadom Ekha sadam Mit-enga-sadam . . Sadom enga Horses Andia sadomko ... Sadam ko Dhar-uteroko-sadam Sadom ko Mares Enga sadomko ... Ekha sadamko ... Dhar-uteroko-enga- sadam. Sadom enga ko A bull Dangra Baiar Mitta-enra Sar A cow Gai Gaie Mitta-gai &ai Bulls Dangrako Baiarko Dhar-uteroko enra Sar ko Cows Gaiko Gaieko Dhar-utaroko-gai. . Gai ko A dog Setak' She'ta Mitta setta Seta A bitch Enga setak' Ekha sheta Mitta-enga-seta . . Seta enga Dogs Setak' ko Sh^tako Dher-uteroko-seta Seta ko Bitches Enga setak' ko ... Ekha shdtakd Dher-uteroko-enga- seta, Seta enga ko A he-goat Merom- andia Bada, kasi Mitta-gotan boda. . Meram boda A female goat Merom-enga Ekha m^ram Mit- gotang-enga- merom. Meram enga Goats Meromko M&amko Marom 'Meram ko A male deer ■ ■ ■ • Jhankar, ar^ Mittang-enra Jhankar jil A female deer • ■ ■ > Pasta Mit-gotang-posta. . Posta enga Deer • . . • Jelkd lel Jilko Jam Menana, or kanan . . . Menaing gea Ing-menaya Menaing or mena ingeya. Thou art Menama, or kanam Manama Am-menaya Menama He is Menaea, or kanae... M^naia TJni-menaya Mena iya We are • ■ ■ * M^nalea, baya ... Ana-menania Mena leya You are .... M^napeya Hape-menatia Mena peya They are . - . . M4nak6ya Unko-menaka Mena koya I was Tahekonan Tahdnkanaing ... Ing-topekana Tahen khaing Thou wast Tahekonam Tahen kanam Hapep-tahekana . . Tahen kanam He was Tahekanae Tah^nkanad Unko-tahekana . . Tahen kanai We were Tahen kanal^-ba- ban. Allele-tahekana . . Tahen kanale You were .... Tahen kanSp^ Amem-tahekana . . Tahen kanape They were .... Tahen kanaka ... Amen-tahekana . . Tahen kanako Be Hoyuk' m^ Houm^ Hona Heju me To be Hoyuk' H6-U Haea-kana Hoju te Being Hoyuk' Howu-kana Huikate Having been Hoeakan-khan HaiMn khan • • • • Huien khan I may be Hoyuk'-gi-chon ... H6ik aing Ing-haikoiy Heju choing ..;; I shall be Hoyuk'-an Houai Ing-hawniy Heju aing ...; ( 11 ) of Western Bengal. — (Continued.) Bhumij of Mauubhoom. Kols or Kor of Singbhoom. Juange of Orissa Jungles. English. Marang salangi Sabe-te-sinna Highest. Sadom Sa-dam A horse. Bnga sadom Engd-sd,-dam A mare. Sadom ko Sa-dam-ko Horses. Enga sadom ko Enga-sa-dam-ko Mares. Ariya An-dia A bull. Gai Gundi A cow- Aiyako An-dia-ko Bulls. Gaiko Uri-ko or gundi-ko Cows. Seta Seta A dog. Bnga seta Bnga-se-t^ A bitch. Setako Seta-ko Dogs. Enga seta ko Bnga-set^-ko Bitches. Meram boda Ba-da-merom A he-goat.. Engameram Enga-merom A female goat. Meramko Merom-ko Goats. Sarijilu San-di-ji-lu A male deer. Enga jilu Enga-ji-lu A female deer. Jiluko Ji-lu-ko Deer. Menagiya Ing-min-n^ I am. Menameya Am-min-nd Thou art. Menagiya Aio-min-nd He is. Mena leya AUe-min-nS We are. Menapeya Appe-min-nd Tou are. Menakoya Ako-min-n4 They are. Taikenaing Ing-tai-ken-nd, I was. Taikenam Am-tdi-ken-na Thou wast. Tai kenai Aio-tai-ken-na He was. Tai kenale A-l-le-tai-ken-n4 We were. Taikenape Ap-pe-t^i-ken-na Tou were. Tai kena ko Ako-tai-ken-na They were. Howa ome Ha-bo-men Be. Howa ote Habo-ted To be. Howa kate Habo-tan-te Being. Habo-ked-te H9.ving been. Howa okaing Ing-habo-to-ran I may be. Howa oing Ing-ha-boa I shall be. 88 ( 12 ) English. Southalee of Sonthal Pergunnahs. Sonthalee of Midnapore. Sonthalee of Bauooorah. Sonthalee of Maunbhoom. I should be Hoe-kok'-an Hoik aing Ing-asariga Hui ko aing Beat Dal-me Dalm^ Dalengowa Daleme To beat Dal Dal, dedal Dalanagowa Dalete Beating Dadal, dal-ket-khan .... Dal kate Having beaten ... .... Dalal^ khan .... Dalket khan I beat Dal et'-an Dalaing Ing-daleiya Dale kanaing Thou beatest Dal-et'-am Dalam Amgi-dalema Dale kanam He beats Dal-et'-ae Daleda^ Umdo-haredalea . . Dale kanai We two beat Dal-et'-a lin .... «... . . • ■ You two heat Dal-et'-aben . . . . * . • .... They two beat Dal-et'-akin .... .... .... We beat Dal-et'-ale Dalale, dalaba, or dalaban. Medalea Dale kanale You beat Dal-et'-ape Dale dape Apama-dalepa Dale kanape They beat Dal-et'-ako DaM-dako Unko-dalea Dale kanako I am beating Dal-et'-kan-an ... Ing-dalekadia Tahen dale aing I was beating Ing-dalekana Dalekan tahen kana- ing. Dale kade aing I had beaten • * ■ * Dalakad^aie .... We two are beating Dal-et'-kana-lin ... .... .... .... We are beating Dal et'-kan-ale .. .... .... .... I may beat Dal-gi-chon Dalke aie Ing-dareiy Dalo ehoing I shall beat Dal-an Dale aing Ing-dalea Ingging daleya I should beat Dal-ke-an Ditto Ing-dalakadiasangi Ingging dalkeya I am beaten Dal-ochok'-kan-an .. Dal hoch akanaing Ing-dalarigi-mena .. Dalocho kanaing I was beaten Dal-ocho-enan Dal hoch lenaing . . . Ing dalaregi-tahe- kana. Dalocho enaing I shall be beaten . . . Dal-ochok'-an Dal h6ch aing Ing-dagajri-y Dalocho ehoing I go Senok' konan Chala aing Ing-senkanai Ing chala kanaing ... Thou goest Senok' konam Chala kanam Am-doma-ehelame. Amen chala kanam ... He goes Senok' konae Chala kanai Uni-senpachay . . Uni chala kanai I went Senenan Senanieing Ing-selenai Ing chalamenaing ... Thou wentest Senenam Ohalan-enam Am-dasanena Amem chala menam He went Senenae Ohalan-^nai Cinida-sen-hena . . Uni chala menai Go Sen Ohalame-ben-pe . . . Chatakana Chala meya Going Senok' Chala kana Senkana Chalau kate Grone Sen, or Senakan . . . Chalan-ena Chata-ena Chalau en khan What is your name ? Chef nutum-tama? Oh^le ama Am intumchele-a,ma Apeya niutum ohe ... How old is this horse ? Noi sadom do tin sermaren konae. N u i-s a d a m-t i n- sh^ma haukna. Nue-sadnm terser- my-hujukana. Niu sadom reya umur tina How far is it from here to Kashmir ? Nondekhon Kash- mir-te tin sangina Naud^ khana- Kashmir-tins a k- h^an. Narakam-Kashmir tinsangi. Nore khona Kashmir tina sangaya. ( 13 ) of Western Bengal. — (Continued.) 89 Bbumij of Maunbhoom. Eols or Eor of Singbhoom. Juangs of Orissa Jungles. English. Howakoaing Ing-hoto-honang I should be. Dalime Tam-men Beat. Dalte Tam-ted To beat. Daliete Tam-tan-le Beating. Dalkatkoya T^m-ked-te Having beaten. Daljadiing Ing-tdm-tanna I beat. Daljadiam Am-tam-t&nna Thou beatest. Daljadiya Ai-lam-tanna He beats. We two beat. Tou two beat. They two beat. Daljadiale Alle-tdm-tanna We beat. Daljadiape Appe-tdm-tanna You beat. Daljadiako Ako-tam-tanna They beat. Tising dalieng Ing-tdm-t^n-tanna I am beating. A iking daljatai kenaing ... Ing-tdm t^nna I was beating. Dalta diing Ihg-tam-kia I had beaten. We two are beating. We are beating. Dalja koing Ing-tam-daia I may beat. Inging dalmeya Ing-tam-ed I shall beat. Inging daltaing Ing-t^m-honang I should beat. Daleohiya kanaing Ing-tam-ing-tanna I am beaten. Dalichi jaing Ing-tam-ing-kid-da I was beaten. Dalichi naing Ing-tam-ing-ha-hona I shaU be beaten. lug senotanaing Ing-sen-tan-na I go. Amam senat anam Am-sen-tan-na Thou goest. In: senat anai Ai-sen-tanna He goes. Ing senojanaing Ing-sen-ked-da I went. Amsenojanam Am-sen-ked-da Thou wentest. Ini senojanai Ai-sen-ked-da He went. Senome Sen-men Go. Senojanate Sen-tan-te Going. Senojana Sen-ked-te Gone. Apeya niutum chikana ... Am-ohi-kan-na-tum What is your name ? Ni sadoma unur chiminang Ne-sa-dam-chi-min-den- How old is this horse ? mena. rea-mina. , Kashmir niyate chiminang sangaya. Ne-te-Kash-mir-chimin-san- ging-mind. How far is it from here to Kashmir ? 90 ( 14 ) Aboriginal Languages English. Sonthalee of Sonthal Pergunnahs. SoDthalee of Midnapore. Sonthalee of Banooorah. Sonthalee of Maunbhoom. How many sons are there in your father's house ? I have walked a long way to-day. The son of my uncle is married to his sister. In the house is the saddle of the white horse. Put the saddle upon his hack. I have beaten his son with many stripes. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill. He is sitting on a horse iinder that tree. His brother is taller than his sister. The price of that is two rupees and a half. My father lives in that small house. Give this rupee to him. Take those rupees from him. Beat him well and bind him with ropes. Draw water from the well. Walk before me ... Whose boy comes behind you ? From whom did you buy that ? From a shop-keeper of the village. Apum orak're tinak' hopon menakoa ? Tehen adi sangen in sentaramket'a. Mamonren hopon oniren miseratit' thene capla akana. Pond sadomreak' palan or ak're menak'a. Deare palan lade ae me. Hopontit' adi dal in dal akadea. Buru chot chotte gaie atin et'ko kana. Hana dare butare sadomre e dech' akana. Miseratit' khon, bokottit' e usula. Anareak' gonontet' do bartaka tala. Apundo hana hopon hopon orak're e tahen kana. Noa taka emae me. Ma noako taka oni then flion atan me. Bugite dalepue or ' baberte tol kae me, Kui khon dak' lo agui me. In samaii samante (or laha la hate) chalak' me. Okoeren kora hopon am ta gomte e he juk'kana ? Ona do okoe then an kirin ket'a ? Atoren mit' tan dokan then. Apun arare tina kora-hapan-me n a koea. . Tihen g-a ri-s a k h i- hung-tar a m-a k a da. Uni-re n i-m i s e r a gogoing hapan bapla-akadiai. Ponda sad mar^a lagam-ar are-men a ia. IJni-diar^ lagam- hargam^. TJni reni-kora hapan badi-g^ing-da 1 k ^ dia. TJni-dukh i-c h e t a- nare-gaie- gupi kanai. Ana dar^-butare sadam chetanar^ uni dudu pakanai. IJ n i-r e n i-m i s ^ rakhana-bar^-teg e usulai. Anarea ganang bara taka tala. Ana hudingi adare apuing ne_tah6na. Nia taka uni- emai^m^. Unithen khan-ana takako hata ume. Achha dale m6 af bar^r te tal^ me. Kuin khana da lara kab m4. Ing tahal^ chal^ mi Akai rini gidra amtai mati darai Akai ten anam kiring akada. Ator^ni-balia th^n . . . Am-apum-arara-tin- gotekaragidra. Tehinda-ari-dara- ken-day. Ingkaka-hapan- herer raeing-hapa- nera-bahukhedia. Por-sadam-araepa- tam mena. TJnia- deiyara-patan- dahayine. TJning-gidra-ing-ad- ing hapadar-akadia. Bure-chetanre-gay gupikana. One-dare-tutari- sadam re-durube- kana. Uning-ajiterkhan bakter marranga. IJniradam-barataka- bar-sika. Ing-apui-ina-hird- ing-ara-re-tahena. Naiya-taka-uni-ema- yma. Uni-teikhan-taka- aguime. TJnida-khub-dalkate barbartatabe. Khuikhan-dalorak amme. Ing-nahartiaohur- re. Antai namte-gidra darai-kana. Unida-akaite-kiring akardia. Nowa-atarini-min- had dondarman- nendai. Ape apum teko orare tina gidar hena koya. Ing do tehenge adi sangiye chalau lena ingeya. Uni kuriren bokat kuri mamoing ha- pene bahuakadiyar. Orare punar sadom reya palan menaya. Palan imiya deyare? lademe. Ing do unirin hopon ading dalakadiya. Hnido buru chotre gupi kanai. Uni sadom chetaMe durup katedare hutare menaiya. Uniren bokat miserat khon hoi usulai. Uniriya dam bar tak^ bar sika. Ingrin apuing ona kuriyare menaiya. Nauya taka uni emai- me. Ona taka uni then kho- na aguime. Uni khup daleme ar taleme. Kui khona da aguime Ingya lahate chalame Okairin gidar ama tai omte heju kanai. Ona okaithen khona kiring kedam. | Atureya bariya then kiringle aing. ( 15 ) o/ Western Bengal. — (Concluded.) 91 Bhumij of Maunbhoom. KoU or Kor of Singbhoom. Juangs of Orissa Jungles. English. Apeya aha. orare oliiinmang hanko mena. Tising aing esu during hanor ledaing. Ingya mama honte kora en kuriya misite arandi taiya. Puri sadoma palan orare mena. Palan aia deare ladime ... Aiya hon esoing daltya ing Ini burn chetanre gupitanai Sadom chetanre deya kanate daru subare menagya. Aiya misite bokate kore salangi menagya. Iniya dam bar takabar sika Ingya aba buring orare menagya. Ne taka aike amaime Ne taka aitate aguime ... Inike khup dalime bayar te tolime. Kuyate da aguime Ingya ayarte seneme Okoiya hon ingya taiomte biju tanai Enjinis okai tare kiring ledam. Hature bariya tare kiring le daing. Aina-^p-pua-o-a-re-ehi-min- kud-hon-ko-mina. Tising-sang-ing-hordho-nar- bd-kid-ing. Impossible O-a-re-pun-di-sa-dam-rea- palan mi-na. Pa-Mn-urui-men :. Inid-hon-ing-pura-dan-da- tdm-kid-da. Ai-buru-cbetan-r^e-uri-gupi- tdn-na. Ai-en-da-ru-suba-re-sd-dam tar-duhen-na. Inia-bao-inia-missite-sd-lan- gi-min^. Bna-gonam-bar-taka-ta-la- mi-na. Ing-ap-pu-en-bu-ring-oa-re- tain-tan-na. Ne-takd-ai-tdr-emi-men . . . En-ta-ka-ko-di-te-idi-men.. Ini-tam-men-bugi-auda-tol- men-bair to. Sud-te-da-taur-ondong-men Air-ing-men Okoia-kua-dma -doia-te-buj o- tan-n^. En-okoi-te-kiung-kid-£m ? Hdtu-re-a-do-kan-ddi-te ... How many sons are there in your father's house ? I have walked a long way to-day. The son of my uncle is married to his sister. In the house is the saddle of the white horse. Put the saddle upon his back. I have beaten his son with many stripes. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill. He is sitting on a horse under that tree. His 'brother is taller than his sister. * The price of that is two rupees and a half. My father lives in that small house. Give this rupee to him. Take those rupees from him. Beat him well and bind him with ropes. Draw water from the well. Walk before me. Whose boy comes be- hind you ? From whom did you buy that ? From a shop-keeper of the village. FURTHER LANGUAGES OF ABORIGINES WESTERN BENGAL AND BEHAR. 94 ( 2 ) Further Languages of Aborigines English. Moondari of Lohardugga. Oorain of lohardugga. Bajmehalee of Bajmehal Hills. Numerals. One Miyad Onta Two Baria Enr >..>•• Three Apia Mund Four . Upunya Nakh Five Monian Panche Six Turdya Soe Seven Eya Satte Eight Iralya Athe Nine Areya Nane Ten Gelya Dase Twenty- Miyad hisi On bisol Thirty Forty Fifty . Bar hisi gelya Bis sur dase Sixty Seventy Eighty • • • • ■ • Ninety Hundred . Moni hisi Panche kuri Thousand Pronouns. I Ain or In En ; ; > Ayn ,, We Ale Em Aym .. Thou . Am Nin NIn .. You . Ape Nim Nia .. He . Ini As Ah They . Ako Ar Ahaber ..> Of me . Ainya Enghai Aynki Of us . Alea Emhai Emsubki •■t Of thee . Am^ Ninghai Ningkid Of you . Apea Nimhai Ningkid ... Of him . Inid Asgahl Ahikid ... Of them . Akoa Argahl Ahebkid ... Mine Same as above Same as above Aynki Our Emsobki .•t Thine Ningkid •■• Your Ningkid ... His Ahikid • •■ Their Ahebkid ... ( 3 ) of Western Bengal and Behar. 95 Khond of Orissa. Khond of Ganjam. Dhangav of Shahabad. Kharwar of Shahabad. English. Rande Ek, randa, randi ... Ek Ek One. Rindi Din, rendi Dooee Do Two. Munji Tini, munji Tini Teen Three. Ndlgi Chari, naligi Char Char Four. Pansu Pdnchu, sengi Panch Panch Five. Sa Sa, sdjigi Chhuh CJihuh Six. Sdtu Satu, adgi Sat Sat Seven. Athu Mi Ath Aoth Eight. Noun Naha Nou Nou Nine. Dasu Dasd Dus Dus Ten. Kodeka Kode Kodedasa Rikodi Bees Bees Twenty. Thirty.' Forty, Rikodi Rikodiddssa Tinikodi Tinikodidasa Puchas Puchas Fifty. Sixty. Seventy. Charikodi • . . • Eighty. Chari kodidasa .... Ninety. Pdnsnkodi Panch kodi Sou Sou Hundred. Hujar Hujar Thousand Ann Ann In Ma I. Amu Amu aju Ain Humunsubh . . We. Inn Inu Nain Tor Thou Iru Iru Umjateens Toohunlog . . You. Abdnju Eanju As Ac He. Abaru Earn Arhoormur Oologun They. mdi Ndnda Inga Mor Of me. Madi Mandd Inga Humun subhke Of us. Nidi Eri Ninga Tohar Of thee. Midi Hindi Ninga Tohar Of you. Ebdndi Tranidi, enidi Asgohee Oonkur Of him. Ebaridi Ewardi Arhoormus Oonlogke Of them. Nadi Nidi Inga Mor Mine. Madi Mandi Inga Humar Our. Nidi Nitara Ninga Tohar Thine. Midi Minda Ninga Tohra Your. Ebandi Yanidi Asgohee Oonkur His. Ebaridi Trandi Asgehee Oonkur Their. 96 ( 4 ) Further Languages of Aborigines English. Moondari of Lohardugga. Oovain of Lohardugga. Rajmehalee of Eajmehal Hills. Hand Ti Khekha Tetu Foot Kdtd Khed Kedu *•• Nose Mun Muni Muied .. . Eye Met Khan Kanu ... Mouth Mocha Bai Toro- »•• Tooth mta Pal Palu >•■ Ear Lutur Khebda Kaiedbu ... Hair Ub Ohuti T^li .. . Head Bo Kukk Kuku ... Tongue Alan or lee Tatkh^ Tartay ... Belly Lai Kul Kocho ... Back Deya Khokhd Kokeh ... Iron Mened Panna Loha .•• Gold Samarum Sona Sona ••• Silver Rupa Rupa Ohandi ... Father Apu Tambas Abbah ... Mother Enga Tangio AIdh ... Brother Haga Bhai Bdidh ... Sister Misi Tangdi Bdi ... Sister (younger) Sister (elder) Man Horo (generic), Kora Met, alas (generic) Malay ... Woman Kun Mukka Peli ... Wife Kiiri Mukka Dani ... Child Hon Khadd Makkeh • .• Child (male) Child (female) Son Kora hon Tangdas; kukko khadd= boy. Tengddeh ... Daughter Kuri hon • Tangdaj kukkoe khadd = girl. Tengddi ... Slave Ddsi (hired) loiikh (hired) Keagapmolay ... Cultivator Kisan Urbar Kichhaneh ... Shepherd Mahra; gupitani Khapus Charatru ... God Sing bouga=sun spirit ... Dharme Gosain ... Devil Bon ga (all malicious spirits) Nad Dindeh ... Sun Singi Biri Beru ... Moon Chandu Chando Bilpu and chando Star Ipil Binko Blndkeh ... Fire Sengel Chich Chichu ... Water Daa Am Amu ••• ( 5 ) of WmUrn Bengal and Behar. — (Continued.) 97 £hond of Orissa, Ehond of Gaujam. Shangai of Shahabad. iharwar of Sbahabad. Englisli, Kaju Kaju, kagu Kikkha Hath Hand. P4ada Kadu Khid Gor Foot. Mungeli Mungeli Mooeen Nak Nose. K^unn Kanu Khun Ankh Eye. Munlm Sudd Bye Moonh Mouth. Pdlu Patka, panu Pull Dant Tooth. Eriu Kriu Khebda Kan Ear. Jendiri Meranga, tlamerka Chotee Bar Hair. Han Tlan Kookh Kapar, moor. . Head. Sandosi Uangasy Titkha Jeebh Tongue. Tutu Tutu Kool Pait Belly. Betta Gandi, murenji . . Maid Peeth Back. Laha Luba Funna Loha Iron. Suna Suna Sona Sona Gold. Rupa Rupa Chandee Chandee Silver. Abba Aba, tangi Imbus Bapoo Father. la Ayd Indeo Muhtaree, Myya Mother. Tambesa ls^Dada,2Midmbesd Bai tdngi Dodus Bhaee Brother. ' Sister. Ingree Baheenee Sister (younger.) Ingdye Didya, Deedee Sister (elder.) Loku Midenju, loku .. Metus Murd Man. Asa Asa, midd Mookkur Mehraroo Woman. Mendbali Kudua, midihali . . lugkhyne Mahur Wife. Mida Mida Child. Kookoo, khuddur . . Renga Child (male.) Kookee, khuddur . . Rengee Child (female.) Mrienju Mrienju Jokhus Bata Son. Mrau Api budi Pellar Betee Daughter, Takimidd Toki, mida Balposle khuposkuw Palpos Slave. Chasagdtanju Tasagatanju Nana, lugduw Girhut Cultivator. Mendhiadaka Adarndrai Gurrereeas Gurreree Shepherd. Penu Panu Dhurmeus Bhugwan, Pur- mesir, Ram. God. ^alakara Piduru Nad Bhoot Devil. Belapenu Beld Beeree Soorooj Sun. DSnju Danju Chundo Chundurma . . Moon. Snkka Sukd, tard Beenko Turye Star. Ndni Nadi Chich Agee Fire. Sira Sidru Urw Panee • Water. I, 9B ( 6 ) Further Languages of Aborigines English. Moondari of Lohardugga, Ooiain of Lohardugga. Bajmehalee of Bajmehal FiUfl. House Ora^ Erpd Addah Horse Sadom Ghoro Ghoro • • • Cow Gai Gundi Oyou • •■ Dog Setd AM Aleh • •• Cat Piisi Berkha Bergeh ... Cock Sandi Kokoro Chayok keru ... Duck Koro Gede Batekeh ■ •• Ass Gadha Gadhd Gadagoro • •• Camel Unt Unt Unteh • •. Bird Chene Ord Puzu • • • Go Senomen (imp.) Kala (imp.) Kdia • •■ Eat lommen Ona Lapd ... Sit Dubmen Okka Okah • •• Come Ela; hijumen Bar4 Bdrdh • •■ Beat Dalmen (imp.) Laua Bdjia ... Stand Tingunmen Ija-a Elah • •« Die Goi (root) Khea (imp.) Tddura Give Um „ Chia Kata ... Run Nir „ Bongd Bongah • •■ Up Sirma=sky; chetan=upon Merkha=sky; minya=upon Mainieh • ■• Near Ndne Hedde Atgi • •a Who Okoi Ne Ikkeh • •■ And Oro Dara Adenteh ■ •• Yes He Ha-i Anan ... Down Latar Kiya Pichhi t •• Far Sanin Gechchha Gichay ... What Chikan, chinaa Endra Indray ... But Mendo, batkam Panhen Jay, ze ... No Ka, bano Mal-d Mala ... Before Aiar Mund Agdu ... Behind Tdyom Khokha Kokbazeh • •• Why Chikand mente, chia Enderna Indrik ■ «. If re or re do Je Ink en ... Alas Helaiya, hae, oh Hae Aiareh, daienuzi • ■• A father Apu Tambas Orta abbah ..* Two fathers Apukin No dual (Irib tambar — 2 fathers.) Jorer dbbah ... Fathers Apuko Tambar Abbassa eber ... Of a father Apu* Tambas gahi Orta dbbaki ... Of fathers Apukoa Tambar gahi Abbassebka ... ( 7 ) e/ Western Bengal and Behar. — (Continued,) 99" Khond of Orisaa. Ehond of Ganjam. Dhangar of Shahabad, Kharwarof Shahabad. English. Iddu Idd Surpa Ghur House. Goda Goda Ghoro Ghora Horse. Gadikadi GMa Gaed Gae Cow. Nahuni Ndhudi Alia Kookoor Dog. Meo Mea Birkba Bilar Cat. Kaju Tadru Cookro Moorga Cock. Sitopattd, Pana koskd Gerwa Buttuck Duck. Gadu Gadha, goda Gudhed Gudha Ass. Otu Uta Oontood Oont Camel. Pata Pota Ora Chirya Bird. Salmun Saju Kula Jab Go. Tinmun Tunumu Ona Khah Eat. Kakumu Kakasu Okka Bytha Sit. Eamu Narnu Bura Awa Come. Pagamu Bemuj samu Luwa Marr Beat. Nilumu Nilumu Eja Thura bokbuh Staud. S^t^ Sata Kichchus Mooja Die. Simu Sidndrd Chiya De Give. Pinjamu Gepa Bonga Koodo Run. Sendata Send! Mlrkha Oopray Up. Sadi Ata Hidday Neara Near. Kimbai Imbe, esti Nay or Nidday Ka Who. Ate Atte Orye Aur And. An Ana ana Muno Haw Yes. Nedd Nede Kiya Hethay Down. Dura Dara Gichha Door Far. Anna • . Ina Indra Kahay, joy . . What. Ateka Ana Baki But. A, e Ae Mula Naheen No. Kahe Bele Moondbhuray Agaree Before. Daana Bia Khokha Puchharee . , Behind. Jnnadiki Inaki, inadiki Indur Kahay Why. Esseka Ehanga Nalukbnuna Saitke If. Aigo 1 Narena Pustoodeenkura, chee- kha. Ha, soch Alas. Raabba Raaba Onta embus Ek bapoo A father. Bi^bba Ri abara Doee embus Doo bapoo . . Two fathers. AbbaDgdalbain Abaru Hurmur embus Subhker bapoo Fathers. Badbbatari Ra abatM Onta embus gehee . . Ek bapooke . . Of a father. Abbarutari Koormur embus gehee Subhkur bapoo '■ ke. Of fathers. 100 ( 8 ) Further Languages of Aborigines English. Moondari of lohardugga. Ooiaia of Lohardugga. Bajmehalee of Bajmehal Hills. To a father Apu te Tambas ge Orteh abbok To fathers Apu kote Tambar ge Abbassebko From a father Apu te Tambas gusti Orteh abbanteh From fathers Apu kote Tambar gusti Abbaseberinteh A daughter Kuri hon Tangdd Ortah tengdi Two daughters Kuri honkin No dual form Jorertingadih Daughters Kiiri honko Tangdar Tengadihseber Of a daughter Ktirlhona Tangd^ gahi Ort^h tengddiki Of daughters Kuri honkoa Tangdar gahi Tengadihseverki To a daughter Kuri honte Tangda ge Orteh tengadik To daughters Kiiri hon kote Tangdar ge Tengadihseverko From a daughter Kuri honte Tangda gusti Orteh tengadinteh From daughters Kuri hon kote Tandar gusti Tengadiseverinteh A good man Bugin horo Nagad dlas Ortah eru malay Two good men Bugin horo kin (Irib nagad alar) — No dual Jurer eru maler Goodman Bugin horoko Nagad alar Eru maler Of a good man Bugin horo^ Nagad alas gahi Ortah eru maleki Of good men Bugin horoko^ Nagad alar gahi Eru maler ki To a good man Bugin horo te Nagad alas ge Orteh eru malek To good men Bugin horo kote Nagad alar ge Eru malerko From a good man Bugin horo te Nagad dlas gusti Orteh eru malenteh From good men Bugin ho o kote Nagad dlar gusti Eru malerinteh A good woman Bugin kiiri Nagad mukka Ortah eru pele Good women Bugin kiiriko Nagad mukkar Eru paylair A bad boy Etkan kora Maldan kukkos Ortdh dograhd makay . . A bad girl Etkan kiiri Maldan kukkoe Ortah dograhah makki . . ; Good Bugin Nagad Eru Better te bugin Adinti nagad (more good) , ad hurminti nagad. Gara eru Best Sobente bugin, i.e., of all . . . No superl. form of the word Go tenteh eru High Sdlangi Minyd Mechge Higher Highest 1 No comparative and 1 1 superlative forms. | No comp. ( Add as above and superl. " adinti/' " ad forms. ( hurminti." \ Gara mechge 1 Getenteh mechge A horse Sdndi sadom Ghoro Makond goro A mare Engd sadom Ghuri Makond pdti goro ( 9 ) of Western Bmgal and Behar. — (Continued.) 101 Khond of Orisea. Khond of Ganjam. Dhangar of Shahabad. ] {harwar of Shahabad, English. Raabbaki AMriki Onta embus gebee . . Ek bapoo ke . . To a father. Abbarki Abariki Koormur embus gebee Subhkur bapoo ke. To fathers. Raabbabata Ababahata Onta embus nijknw . . Ek bapoose . . From a father. Abbdrubdhdta Abarubahata Koormur embus nij- kuw. Subhkur bapoose From fathers. * Ramran Ra budi api Onta kbuddur Ek betya A daughter. Riasamed^ Budi skatdra Dooee kbuddur Doo betya . . Two daughters. Mranska Budiska Hoormur kbuddur . . Subh betya . . Daughters, Ramrdutari Buditara Onta kbuddur gebee. . Ek betyeke . . Of a daughter. Mrdnskatari Budi skatdrd Hoormur khudder ge- bee. Subh betyake. . Of daughters. Ramranki Budini Onta kbuddur gebee. . Ek betyeke . . To a daughter. Mranskani Budiskauiki Hoormur khudder ge- bee. Subh betyake To daughters. Eamranhata Budinibahata Onta kbuddur nijkuw Ek betyasew. . From a daughter. Budiskanibabata ... Hoormur khudder nij- kuw. Subh betyunsew From daughters. Neggilokakurande , . Negigatanju Onta kuree metus . . Ek bes murd. . A good man. Rineggiloka NegigaMruriaru ... Dooee kooree metus. . Doobesmurd. . Two good men. Neggilokunga Negigdtaru Hoormur koree metus Subh bes murd Good men. Neggilokutari Negigatari Onta koree metus gebee Ek bes murdke Of a good man. Neggilokungatari . . Negigatdri Doee koree metus gebee Subh besmurdke Of good men. Neggiloku Negigataniki Onta koree metus gebee Ek besmurdke To a good man. Negigatariki Doee koree metus gebee Subh besmurdke To good men. • Raanjunegiloku ba- hata. Negigatanidai Onta koree metus nij- kuw. Ek besmurdse From a good man. Neggilokunga-bah ata Negigotariddi Hoormur koree metus nijkuw. Subh besmurdse From good men. Ranegiasd Negi asamidd Onta koree mokkar, . Ek neek mehra- roo. A good woman. Neggiasaskd Negi asamiddnga... Hoormur koree mok- kar. Sub neek meh- raroo. Good women. Kesaramida-rande . . Dui dpa Muba boorhus jokhus Ek unaees renga A bad boy. Kesaramrairande Duibudi Muha boorhus khuddur Unaees renga A bad girl. Negiri Negara Nebul Bes Good. Dehanegar Bala Adint koree Bes neemun . . Better. Negari Askadengi Adint bibi koree Subhunse neek Best, Denga Prisa Michha Oonch High. Debadeenga Adint michha Savae oonch. , Higher. Debani denga Prisatara Adint bibi michha . . Subhunse Highest. Gaddrande Ra goda Onta ghoro Gora A horse. Tallagadarande Ra taligboda Boorhid Ghorya A mare. 102 ( 10 ) Further Languages of Aborigines English. Moondari of Lohardugga, Oorain of Lohardugga. Eajmehalee of Eajmehal Hills. Horses Sandi s^dom ko Ghoro Goro gahindi Mares Engasadomko Ghuri Pati goro gahindi A bull Hada Sand Makond sandeh A cow Gai Gunde Makond oyou Bulls • Haddko ■ ... Sand Sand gahindi Cows Gai ko Gund6 Oye gahindi A dog Sandi seta AIM Makond aleh A bitch Enga setd Kutti Makond pati aleh Dogs Sandi setd. ko AIM Aleh gahindi Bitches Engd seta ko Kutti Pdti aleh gahindi A he-goat Bakra Erd Makond bokra bedi A female goat Enga merom Budhiera Makond pati bedi Goats Merom ko (generic) Era Bedi gahindi A male deer Sdndijilu Andiyd, mak Makond bakra chitra A female deer Engajllu Budhi mdk Makond pati chitra Deer Jilu ko Mdk Chitra I am Ain menainya En raadan Ainoo Thou art Am menamed Ninraaddi Ninoo He is Ini menaiya As raas (tali=it is) Ahoo We are Ale menalea Nam raadat, em raadam ... Aim sebem You are Ape menapea Nim raadar Nin seber They are Ako menako^ Ar raanar ("ral" with other than men). A seber I was Ain tainkenain En rahachkan Ain bechken Thou wast Am tainkenam Nin rahachkai Nin bechkeh He was Ini tainkenai As rahachas A bechia We were Ale tainkenale Ndm rahachkat, em rahachkam. Aim bechkem You were Ape tainkenape Nim rahachkar Nin chheber luchker They were Ako tainkenako Arrahachar A chheber luchia Be Akanmen Mand Unun To be Manna Menoti Being Akan Mannd Menzah Having been Jan Manj kan Menz kacharon I may be En manna ongon (I am able to be) . Ayn menoti parin ... I shall be Ok En manon Ayn menen I should be En manna ongdan (I was able to be). Ayn menoti parien Beat Ddlmen (2 p.s. imp.) Laua BazM To beat Dalted Launa Bazoti Beating Daltan Laua Bazuria ( 11 ) o/ Western Bengal and Behar. — (Continued,) 103 Khond of Orissa. Khond of Ganjam. Shangar of Shahabad. Khaiwar of Shahabad. English. Gadanga Godanga Dher ghoro Subh ghore , . Horses. Godatalinga Taligodanga Dher boorhid Subh ghorya Mares. Shandakadirande Eandakodi Addo Burud A bull. Gadakadirande Randdj gadukodi . . Gaed Gyea A cow. Shandakadinga Kodinga Dhir addo Subh burdha Bulls. Pandakadinga Gadunga Dhir gaed Subh gyeun Cows. Rand himdi Ranahudi Alia Kookoor A dog. Ranahuni Eatalinahudi Kootee alia Pilly A bitch. Nahumingd Nahakd Dher alia Subh kookoor Dogs. Nahunigan Taliudhaka Dher kootee alia Subh pilroo Bitches. Bakadiad^ Oda Bokka Khusee A he-goat. Talliadda Tali oda Enra Cher A female goat. Bakdiadanga Adanga Dher bokka Subh khussee Goats. Ramiriga Boda sitali Enrya Chowrenga A male deer. Rasitali Talli sitali Boorhee Bhoourlee A female deer. Miriga Sitdli Dher enrya Subh chowrenga subh bhoourlee. Deer. Amunai Anu, Main Inhoraduw Mahoon I am. Muitianji Irumanjeru Ninhoraday Too howwa . . Thou art. Ebanju manenju Anjumanenju Arhoraday Ao how wus . . He is. Anmnfianua Amumdnamu Enhoraduw Humun hyen .. We are. Irumassem Inu manji Ninhoraday Too howwa . . You are. Ebarugule Arnmaneru Arhoradaw Ao oubh how was. They are. Amimassi Anu masse Inhorum Maruhloow . . I was. Inumassi Inumanji Ninhorum Too ruhla Thou wast. Ebanjumasse Zanjunndsenju A.rmoorhoraday Aoruhla He was. Maingule massengu... Amumasamu Emhorum Humunke rub- leen. We were. Irumasseru Inu manji Ninhorum Toow ruhlu . , You were. Abdrumanera Yaru maseru Armoorhorum Assubh ruhlun. They were. Imu Manba ana Ho Hokhus Be. Abatangi Manbanda Munaluggay Hokheke To be. Manba ddi Nulukh Hoeke Being. Maseru Manbatekd Kula Hoke- Having been. Amuaba munamu ... Anumanbamui Inhomunnun Ma saed ruheen I may be. Amu anamu Maange dbasdnj ane . . . Anumaigiua Anumai Inhoround Juroor kurke munnun Maruhloow . . Majroor rahul hooch. I shall be I should be. Fagamu Fdg^t^gi ..•■•• Samu Bemu . , Sdpdtengi Sahi Lowa Lowarcha Lowchake Murra Mareke Mareke Beat. To beat. Beating. 104 { 12 ) Further Languages of Aborigines English. Moondari of Lohardugga. Oorain of Lohardugga. Bajmehalee of Bajmehal Hills. Having beaten I beat Thou beatest He beats We beat You beat They beat I am beating I was beating I had beaten I may beat I shall beat I should beat I am beaten I was beaten I shall be beaten I go Than goest He goes I went Thou wentest He went Go Going Gone What is your name?... How old is this horse ? How far is it from here to Kashmir. How many sons are there in your father^s house ... Dalkedte Ain ddli aiii Am ddli am Ini dali ai Ale dali ale Ape dali ape Ako dali ako Ain daltanain Ain daltan taikena Ain dal^ain (No passive form) Lauchkan . En laudan Nia laudai As laudas Em laudam Nam laudat Ar launar En lana lagdan En lana lakan En lauchkan rahachkan ... En lauongon (I am able to beat) . En lauon (No passive form) Ain senoain Am senoam I"ni senoai Ain senkenain ... Am senkenam Ini senkenai Senomen Senotan Senojan Ama nutum chikana ? ... Ne sadom chimin sinua hobdkana. Nea te Kashmir chiminan sanifia. Apumd orad re chimin kora houko menakoa. En ka lagdan Nin ka lagdai As ka lagdas En kerkan Nin kerkai As keras Kala K41ke Ninghai ender name I ghoro eyon chdnantd tali lyanti Kashmir guti eyon gechchha rai. Nimbas gahi erpami eyon jhan kukko kbaddar raanar. Bazur kachra Ain bazen Nin bazurkeh Ah bazur I a Aim bazem Nin bazah Achener bazer Ain bazeh behin Ain bazeh bichken Ain bazeh kochorken Ain bazoti parein Ain bazoti maden Ain bazoti marmezeken Ain bazurken Ain bazur kocharken Ain bazurenkoh Ain aiken Nin ekkeh Ah ekki Ain ekkeh kochorken Nin ekkeh kochorkeh Ah ekkeh kochoria Eala Ekkeh behi Ekkia Ningki indor nameh Yi goro iko paneh Yi nonteh Kashmireh iko chudi menid. Ning aboki addno ikond maker behener. ( 13 ) •of Western Bengal and Behar. — (Continued.) 105 Kbond of Orissa, Khond of Ganjam. Dhangar of Sliahabad. Sharwar of Sliahabad Englisb. Pdgd Sahanenju Marke Having beaten. Amupagi Anusapimai In Iowa lugdun Ma marho . . I beat. Irupagite Inusapimanji Ninlowa lugday Too marut barra Thou beatest. Eb&njusabapima venju Anjusapimanenju . . Askolowa lugdus Ao marut ho. . He beats. Amii satd tdmu . . Emholowa lugdun . . Hamuw marut bareen. We beat. Inusatdti Ninlondur Toohun marut howwa. You beat. Arusatateru Arlonur Aosub marut baruw. They beat. Amupagimanuanu ... Anusdpimdi Inguw loncher Ma marilt ba- reew. I am beating. Amupdgimasamu . . . Anusapimase Inmar mokkuw Ma marut ruh- leew. I was beating. Amupagdmassamu ... Anu sdte Injuroor lawa lewur. . Mamarlayruh- leew. I had beaten. Anu sapamuij Inho luwuw Ma marsakeela I may beat. Amupagina Anusaigina Inlowunga Marmarho . . I shall beat. Mangepagasangite ... Injuroor lawunga . . Ma juroor mar- ho. I should beat. Amusabi Anusapapate Ingunlonchus Ma marul jat bareew. I am beaten. Amu maddatinjama- samu. Auusapapdnjamai. . Ingunlonchus moon- duw. Ma marul jat ruhleew. I was beaten. Amu maddatinjinamu Anumadatun Injuroor lawa mok- kuw. Ma juroor ma- rul jaib. I shall be beaten. Amu sabi anusaiu . . . Anu sain Inkalugdun Ma jaeebo . . I go. Iru sdju Inusaji Nunhokula Too jat barra Thou goest. Ebanju saji marenju. . lanjuadsenju Asaon ho kerus Ao jat batey. . He goes. Amumasse Anu sase Inhokurkuw Ma gyeleew . . I -went. luu masse Inusasi Ninhokurkuw Too gyela Thou wentest. Ebanju masse Ydnju sasenju Asoonhokerus Ao gyela He went. Sdju Sdju salamu Kula Jah Go. Sdjimaue Sajimane Kulugduw Jat bareew . . Going. Sasse S£se Kowun Jat ruhub Gone. Nipdddd ini Nipdddinipdda Indurneghi numay . . Ka tohur nao ha. What is your name ? Nigadagadidbaepe ... Igodas sabuddajd mane. Eyon olta oomur ghoro mano. Ketna oomar re ghora ke howay. How old is this horse ? Easmir imbatakd esedur^. K^smira desa imba tekas se duraane. Asle Keshmeer eyon gichhu mamo. Ehwaw se Kush- mir kateek door howay. How far is it from here to Kashmir ? Midbbaedutarse Meika maneru. Ni ihi iduta ese sri- kamaneru. Enluggay neembus kooeea kookoQ khud- dur. Kutna beta toh- ra bap ke ghur me baruw. How many sons are there in your father's house ? 106 ( w ) Further Languages of Aborigines English. Moondari of Loliardagga, Oorain of Lohardugga. Rajmehalee of Rajmehal Hills. I have walked a long way to-day The son of my uncle is married to her sister. In the house is the saddle of the white horse. Put the saddle upon his back. I have beaten his son with many stripes. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill. He is sitting on a horse under that tree. His brother is taller than his sister. The price of that is two rupees and a half. My father lives in that small house. Give this rupee to him Take those rupees from him. Beat him well and bind him withxope. Draw water from the well. Walk before me Whose boy comes be- hind you ? From whom did you buy that? From a shop-keeper of the village. Sisiii ain asu saiiiii4 tein hijulena. Kakainyaa hon te kora inia mise loo drandiakanai. Orad re pundi sadoma jin mend. Ni4 deya re jin doimen Ain inia hon kodra te isu hansakiya. Ini buru chetan re uri ko gupitanai. En daru subd re ini sadom re dubakanai. Inia haga te inia misiats salangiakanai. Ena rea gonon bdr taka adali mend. Apuin en hudiii oraa re taintanai. Ne taka umaimen En taka ko ini tate agiiimen Khiib dalimen oro baiar te tholimen. Kuan te daa urunemen . . . Ainya aiar re senomen ... Innd en dher gechchha ker- kan. Eng kakasgahi tangdas gahi binja adigahi tangdigane manjaki bii. Erpand pandru ghorogahi khughir rai. Adi gahl mednii khughir liiya. En asgahi tangdasin ko- dhem korrdti lauchkan beedan. As addo menta4 lagdas parta menya. As onta ghoronu ukkas beedas amannagahi miilinu. Okoia kord hon amd tay- omte hijutand ? End am okoi td tem kirinlad Hatu ren moyad dokanu td te. Asgahi tangris adigahi tangrinti mechchha raas. Adigahi mulli arhai rupiya rai. Embas hu sanni erpanii raadas. I rupiyan dsge chia Abrd rupiyan asgusti hod . . . Asin khob koda dard eptu- ru hea. Kubinti am otharaa Enghai mund gucha Nekhai tangdas nighai khokhanu bardas? Adin nim negusti khindkar (plural) ? Padantd orot baniyas gusti Ain inch ganri ganra haveh charach ken (or) Ain ineh d^garoh haveh choroch ken. Eng ddda tensadek adi tang baiguni pelved menza. Yi, addno zinporo goroki kokeno nanpo behi. Naviki kokeno kidpoa oza. Ayn ahiki tengaden peneth ganri gaiira bazken. Aha pahar kornoh saoazen charatri kend kundi. Ahmon kolorno goro meche oki. Ah adi tang bainteb mechga Nadike kimoteh adaitdka meneni. Na ada makono eng abbd doki. Yi takan, nahik chia Ahi guni nao nao takan ouka, Nahin ehene baza adente gatath echekeroza. Chuanteh ameh mulga Eng bahano choria Nek tengadeh ningi kokok beri. Nek guni nadin kekkeh ... Na kekki bahond doka nin- teh. ( 15 ) of Western Bengal and Behar. — (Concluded.) 107 Khond of Orissa. Khond of Ganjam. ' niiangar of Shahabad. Kharwar of Shahabad. English. Neamudebatre haginga Nenju anu deha pa- A betber gichhcba Ma burdoor se I have walked a long man^mu. hari takite. koododkunke buruch- kun. aj sail kyle byru. way, to-day. MainkSkumrienju tana Nai kok^ mrijenju Inka kusgay tungdus Mor kara ke The son of my "ncle is angunibhiangitenj u. eri tanginisedu asgay tungdye asgi- bete ke biyab married to her sister. dhatenju. nay ing karrye. oonkur bubine se bbyb ba. Mukdgada tari paldiu Su kdligodatdngin Surpa jeen rye aeka Grhur men kbo- In the house is the idumade tamanne. idutd mane. pudro gboro juhjeen. geer oojur gbora ke ba. saddle of the white horse. Gaddshamu I jini eanigandita Ekade munja jeen luda Kboogeer ke Put the saddle upon his itamu. obkur pith pur dhurra. beck. Tanami enjunianudeba Anu eanumrini kid- Tungdus koorkun kyk- Ma oonkur beta I have beaten his son pdgite. orudai deb£sa te. dunda. ke kyik gbos murlayhyew. with many stripes. Asarukuiti tajan unjan Eanjusoru, kuiti Purta myan gaed myna Ao mawasee He is grazing cattle on kapaimanenju. kodi gdni sold tis- pamanenju. lugay. toongur pur paharke cha- rawat ba. the top of the hill. Amrahammeda tagada Eanju dmrdnusditi Enurtus gboro rikkus Ao ghora pur He "is sitting on a horse kuitita manunju. goddta kaksdma- nenju. ras mun moolee ijkus. uswar bethe 00 rookh ke ba. under that tree. Tanaarabe satana Eani dddd, eanitaugi Asgay tung dudus a Okur bhaee sa- His brother is taller baitaka denga. kebe pidsamdsenju. dinty nucbbcha. wae ooncb banisbut okra baheen ke ba. than his sister. Erikriusitakarisuka ... Eramotdj dosasuka Dam minjus arbaee Mol okur ar- The price of that is dre. rupya. baee rupya ba. two rupees and a half. Maiabbaakagii duma Naiaba kagari iduta Embus chotay surpa Mor bap oo ch- My father lives in that deta mauenju. mauenju. noradus. bot ghur men ruhela. small house. Itdkdrand^ebbani Itaka ednikisimu . . Edbebun asgechiya. Ee roopya ke Give this rupee to him. kisimu. okra keda. Atdkaibain baba tarn- AtdkangaeSni bdba- Adbebun asgoostay Ao roopya ke Take those rupees from un. tako daum. bowa. oonka se lela. him. Abanineggi gianai pagi, Eaniki, balladengi- Askboob luwa ipno Okra ke bhur Beat him well and bind dorutd tahamu. sabamu, ate, i dor- kdddi tamu. asin beya. jore mara our jorse okra ke banda. him with ropes. Kuantakasi druka dam- Kuatdsidue belanue Kobuntee amninda . . Indara se panee Draw water from the Till. bhar. well. Nain noki sallaum ... nake nokamu Inghay moond baharee gicbba bokha moond kula bura. Humra ugaree cbul phir. Walk before me. Embarimidami boati- Imberipaganju ndibi Neekhay khidday nin- Kehker larika Whose boy comes be- laimane. aydja manenju. gbay bokha tintay bura lugmur. tohra pichay awut ba. hind you ? Eri imberi bhaba kad- Inu imberita, drdkada Nesgoostay kbind ke Kekarase toow From whom did you diti. manji. raday. okra kemol lele how ha. buy that ? Jiiatar auju dokani- bdha. Nata bajariata kada Metus bunee angay Gano kebunya From a shop-keeper of manii. goostay boa. se lele byen. the village. SFECIMElSrS ABOEIGINAL LANGUAGES CENTRAL PROYINCES. 115 ( 2 ) SPECIMENS OF THE CENTRAL TEIBES. EOOEKOOS. Mehto. Btgas or Binjwaes. Nimar. HoshuTigahad Bilaspur. Balaghat. Mandla. One Mia Mia Two Baria Baria Door Three ... Hapia Aphia Pour Oofoonia Oofoonia Five Monoya Monoya Puch Six Toorooya Toorai Chaie Seven ... Ayeeah Aie Eight ... Eelaria Eelar Nine Area Araie Ten Gel Gul Twenty... Esa , , Eesa Fifty ... One hundred Meeasuddie Su I Eeng Eeng Ofme ... Yen More Mine Eenja Yan More We Allay Alay Hame Ofus Yen Hamra More Our Allayja Allay Thou ... Urn Tu Of thee ... Um Khun Toor Thine Ama You Apay Toom Ofyou Um Khun Toomur Your Apay He Deeja Hoojay Oh Ofhim ... Deejun Okdr His Deeja They Arkon Hiikoonay Of them Deejun Their ... Deeja Hand Tee Tee Teeth Foot ... Nanga Nanga Kuttath Gode Nose Mon Moo Mooth Eye Med Met Maith Ayekh Mouth ... Chaboo Chaboo Thoteth Moo Tooth ... Teereen Tiring Tring Ear Lootoor Lootoor Lootoor Hair Op Hoob Oob Choondee Kesh Head Kupar Dooing Bho ( 3 ) PROVINCES LANGUAGES. Ill TEIBES. Punka. Mehea. Katya. Eaj Gond. Maria Gond. Mandla. Mandla. Narsinghpur. Chanda. Chanda. One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. __ Nine. Ten. Twenty. Fifty. One Hundred. Mee IS una Nunna I. More More Maja, Majee Nawa Nawa Of me. More More Maja, Majee Nawa Naiva Mine. Amot Mummatoo We. More More Humche, Humchee Mawa Mawa Of us. Humche, Humchee Mawa Mawa Our. Too Nimme Mimma Thou. Toojha, Toojhee Neewa Neewa Of thee. Toojha, Toojhee Neewa Neewa Thine. Nimmet Nimmutoo You. Toomche, Toom- chee Meewa Meewa Of you. Toomche, Toom- chee Meewa Meewa Your. Te Wor, Wogoo Bogoo, Hogoo He. Tacha, Tachee Wana, Tana Wana, Tana Of him. Tacha, Tachee. Wona Wona His. Hor Woroo They. Hona Wora Of them. Hona Wora Their. Kin Einyoo Hand. Kal Kaloo Foot. Mosar Moshok Nose. Dor Euruk Konda Eye. Todee Toddee Mouth. . .. ■*> Pulk PuUoo Tooth. Kevee Eevoo Ear. Kelk Eelloo Hair. Tula TuUa Head. 112 ( 4 ) SPECIMENS OF THE CENTRAL TEIBES. K.OOHKOOS. Nimar. Hoshungabad. Mehto. Bilaspur. BtGAS OB BiNJWAES. Balaghat. Mandla. Tongue ... Belly ... Back ... Iron Gold ... Silver Father ... Mother ... Brother . . . Sister . . . Man Woman ... Wife ... ChUd ... Son Daughter Slave Cultivator Shepherd God Devil ... Sun Moon Star Fire "Water ... House ... Horse ... Cow Dog ... Cat Cock ... Duck ... Ass Camel . . . Bird ... Go Eat Sit Come Beat Lang Lai Patta Bhoree Lokhondo Sona Eoopa Aba Mai Dada Baie Koro Jupaie Eanjupaie Taunee Dhoki Kond Heerkon Kond Kirsan Dhunkar Gowaj Bhooto Gomuj Chandniegoom ai Efil Singfl Da Oora Ghorgi Cheeta Meenoo Komba Budduck Gudderee Oont Teelit Chineba Jomma Soobangu Hedjiba Mondieja Lang Layee Bhaodee Loh Sona Chandi Awakur Mai Bhaya, Dada Misee Koru Jufye Jufye Tana Kon Koojye Keersan Gadanea Gomuj Bhoot Gomuj Chand Eefeel Singul Dar Oora Goorgie Seeta Meenoo Eooma Buduk Gudra Oont Chisroj Senaja Jomeeja Soobangija Hirjay Koomagai Alung Lai Tooteth Lohieh Souna Chandich Apoom Egung Wagum, Missim Munnai Eruth Erung Lahee Helurhun Erahun Soonna Chandee Dada Bai Nonee Hoorkoo Mehrum mohoriah Bhugwan Mara Baer Jone Ipeel Sengul Dab Ord Ghore Ooree He Sim Dabuk Gadhe Unthee Teetee Ibatum Jum Dooroop Dum Medai Donkee Dubkee Chawa Kissar Bhugwan Bhoot Din Chand Turaie Aig Ghur Kookoor Bilwa Kookdu Dubuk Gudha Got Donka Donkee Loogaee Jootha Churwah Naraindeo Bhoot Soorujdeo Joodhaiwa Taraiwa Eookoor, Kootah Beelar Morunga Dubuk ( 5 ) PROVINCES LANGUAGES.— (Corefmzied) 113 TEIBES. Punka. Mehba. Katta. Eaj Gond. Maeia Gond. Mandla. Mandla. Narsinghpur. Chanda. Chanda. Wunjer Wunjag Tongue. Pot Peer Potta Belly. Perreka Mondko Back. Kuohee Kuchee Jron. Sono Sono Gold. Khooro Khooro Silver. Dada Babo Minmal Father. Mohtaree Mohtaree Buhoo Ava Minya Mother. Tumoor Tummogai Brother. Shelar Helagai Sister. Log Manial Munkal Man. Donkee Donkee Logaee Ear Anchurree Woman. Loogaee Logaee Bail Mootte Mootta Wife. Child. Lekhoor Murree, Meyar Murree, Mugai Son. Andoor Meeyar Muyoree Daughter. Eootha, Balpose Eootha, Balpose Slave. Kissan Kuburkewar Cultivator. Koormar Yeting-mehwah Shepherd. Pen Penos God. Dinya Dunjan Devil. ' Pordoo Pordoo Sun. Nelenj Lenjoo Moon. Taraiwa Taraiwa Hokko Hookka Star. Istoo Kis Eissoo Fire. Yer Yagoo Water. Lon Lonoo House. Khora Kora Horse. Moora Moore Cow. Kookoor Eookoor Nui Neiyoo Dog. Bilial Pooshalee Cat. Komra Ghoogootee Gogooree Cock. Herema Herma Duck. Gardee Gardee Ass. Hootan Ootoomee Camel. Pitte Pitte Bird. Za, Zesin Hum Honnoo Go. Tin Tinnos Eat. Ooda Oodda Sit. Wura Wayu Come. Pam, Jeem Halsa, Pam Beat. 114 ( 6 ) SPECIMENS OF THE CENTRAL TEIBES. KOOEKOOS. Mbhto. Btgas ok BiNJWAES. Nimar. Hoshungabad. Bilaspur. Balaghat. Mandla, Stand Tengneu Tiginay Ohurako Thadruh Thaira rohhy Die G ojuba Gouj Goiko Murney Give Hukerja Ewung Run Surubay Nineerka Bhugaoo Up Lee Leeun Einko Mey Down ... Otay Etan Dooroop Before ... Chova Sootoogun Aghere Near Meirja Merun Thaoen Jorey Far Lanka Utar Turarim Behind ... Tawun Tawun Pachey Who ... Yae Ame What ... Cho Choee « ..,,,. Why ... Chodeega Kuelay And Aor Aur Ar But Pun Pachoo If Yes Thaka Ho Ho jN'o Bung Haibung Bagin Nahi Alas Arrura Edaee A father ... ... Meea Dao Baba Of a father Babako To a father Dao Khun Babaley From a father Dao Tuu Babatey Two fathers Fathers Baba Of fathers Babako To fathers Babaley From fathers "... Babatey A daughter Meea Eerkhoon Betty Of a daughter Bettyko To a daughter Koonjye Ehun Bettyley From a daughter Koon Jat Bettytey Two daughters ... Daughters Ghoonick Eer- khoon Betty Of daughters Bettyko To daughters Bettyley From daughters ... Bettytay A good man Awul Ja Nigut Kora Nik admi Of a good man ... Nik admiko Ek bhala ma- noosh ( 7 ) PEOYINCES LANGUAGES.— (CoM^mwed) 11.^ TEIBES. Punka. Mehra. Katta. Eaj Gond. Mabia Gond. Mandla. Mandla. Narsinghpnr. Chanda. Chanda. Tharrarowh Tharrarowh Nila NUla Stand. Sam Ham Die. Sheem Heem Give. Witta Witta £.un. Porro Pogonoo Up. Sheer Hirinoo Down. Moonne Moonne Before. Linglia Kuchool Here Near. Luk Jekoo Par, Puja Peakke, Pinya Behind. Bor Bogoo Who. Butee Beta What. Baree Barankoo Why. An Un And. ....•« Muti Mutee But. If. Inge Eiye Yes. Hille Hille Aiyayo No. Alas. Dada Babo Minmal A father. Dada-chachee Babona Minmana Of a father. Dada-la Babonee Minmankoo To a father. Dada-lok Babon agatal Minman agatal From a father. Two fathers. Dade Babok Minmalor Fathers. Dada-chachee Babokna Minmalona Of fathers. Dade-la Baboknee Minmalorkoo To fathers. Dade-lok Babok agatal Minmaloo agatal From fathers. Andoor Meeyar Minyaree A daughter. ^ Andoor-chachee Meeyarna Minyareena Of a daughter. Andoor-la Meeyaroon Minyarkoo ' To a daughter. Andoor-lok Meeyart agatal Minyareen agatal From a daughter. Two daughters. Andoor Meeyarkoo Minyaskoo Daughters. Andoor-chachee Meeyarkna Minyaskoona Of daughters. •• ••• Andoor-la Meeyarkoon Minyaskoonkoo To daughters. Andoor-lok Meeyark agatal Minyaskoon aga- tal From daughters. Bes manial Nehna munkal A good man. -V Bes maniana Nehna munkana Of a good man. 116 { 8 ) SPECIMENS OF THE CENTRAL TEIBES. EOOEKOOS. Mehto. Btgas Binjwaes.. Nimar. Hoshungabad. Bilaspur. Balaghat. Mandla. To a good man ... Nik admiley From a good man Nik admitay Two good men ... Good men Nik admi Kool manoosh Of good men Nik admiko To good men Nik admilay Prom good men ... Nik admitay A good woman ... Awul japaie Nigut jufye Nik doukee Good women Nik donkee A bad boy Anda kond innil Booro koon Lahaie uraon Kharah beta A bad girl Anda kottie innil Boorokoojye Kharah betty Good Awul Nigut Banne Nik Better Best High Munnarung Higher Highest Ahorse Ghorgie Ghoorgaie A mare Houses Ghoorgaie Mares AbuU A cow Bulls Doobla Doobla Cows A dog Cheeta Meea seeta Ek kookoor A bitch Meea seetee Eookree Ek sitie Dogs Seeta Eookar Mooktey kookoor Bitches Seetee Kookree Gulley sitie A he goat Bookra Merum A female goat Bookree Chini Goats Bookra A male deer Heerna Ek mriga A female deer Heemee Hirni Deer Heern lam Eenj ja Meyhoo Thou art Um ja Tiahas ( 9 ) PEOVINCES 'LA.l^QrJJAQ-ES.—iConfmued.) 117 TEIBES. Punka. Mehea. Katta. E.AJ GOND. Maeia Gond. Mandla. Mandla. Narsinghpur. Chanda. Chanda. Bes manieta Nehna munkankoo To a good man. Bes maniat agatal Nehna munkal agatal From a good man. Two good men. ••(... Bes manelor Nehenore mun- kalor Good men. Bes manena Nehnore munka- lora Of good men. Bes maneheta Nehnore munka- lorkoo To good men. Bes maniata agatal Nehna munkalor agatal From good men. Ek uchi mehureea Ek ucchi mehu- reea. Bes har Nehna ancharee A good woman. Bes hark Nehna anchkoo Good women. Boora lakhoor Aror pekah Lagorpedal A bad boy. Boree andoor Aror peree Lago peree A bad girl. Bes Nehna Good. Better. Best. Oonch Dunkoo High. Higher. Highest. Khora Potal kora A horse. Khoree Tullo kora A mare. Ehorang Korang Houses. Khoring Ehorang Mares. • Eoora Vejaboroom AbuU. Moore Moore A cow. Eoorang Borok Bulls. Moorang Mooreng Cows. Ek kookoor Niu Nuiyoo A dog. Totte Totte A bitch. Nnyek Niukoo Dogs. Totteng Totteng Bitches. Bokra Bokra A he goat. Ek chheree Ek chheree Hurre Yettee A female goat. Bokrang Bokrang Goats. Hurreng ^ Humalee A male deer. Kotra Tulloor humalee A female deer. Hurna Hurnaskoo Deer. Mee hoon Nuna muntona Nunna muntanoo I am. Too as Nime muntee Nimma muntinee Thou art. 118 ( 10 ) SPECIMENS OE THE CENTEAL TEIBES. EOOEKOOS. Mehto. BtGAS OB BiNJWAES. Nimar. Hoshungabad. BUaspnr. Balaghat. Mandla: He is Deeja Oka ah We are Alayja Harney ah Tou are Umja Tiaha They are Deeja Okah I was Eeng dhan Muyruhoo Thou wast Um dhan Tirahas He was Dee dhan Okarah We were Alay dhan Humeyruhoo You were Apay dhan Tirahey They were Dee dhan Okruh Be Ja Ah To be Ja Aha Being Daboosye Having been Daeen I may be I shall be Meho I should be Beat Kooma khye Mar To beat Eooma khye Marna Beating £ookh maninee Having beaten ... • I beat Eeng kookh mao Eng nedai Mey mawhoo Thoubeatest Um koolsh mao Timarhus He beats Dee kookh mao Or marha We beat Alay kookh mao Hamay marut Tou beat TJm kookh mao Timarhu They beat Dee kookh mao Ok marha I am beating May marntah I was beating Eeng kookhma dhan Mey marha I had beaten Eeng kooma khuye I may beat May maroo I shall beat Mey marwo I should beat Mey marbo I am beaten Muley marhey I was beaten Muley marhus I shall be beaten... ( 11 ) PROVINCES LANGUAGES.— (Gon^mMed) 119 TEIBES. Punka. Mehea. Katta. Eaj Gond. Maeia Gond. Mandla. Mandla. Narsinghpur. Chanda. Chanda. Teand Wor muntoor Wogoo muntogoo He is. Amoot muntorom Mummatoo mun- tomoo We are. Nimet muntil Nimmut muntiree You are. Hor mimtor Woroo muntoroo They are. • Mee hutta Nana mutan Nunna muntan I was. Too hutta Nime muttee Nimma muttenee Thou wast. Te hutta Wor mnttor Wagor muttor He was. Amot muttom Mummatoo mut- tom We were. Nimet mutteel Nimatoo mutteree Tou were. Hor mutter Woroo muttoroo They were. t>. ... Am Amoo Be. To be. Being. Asee Munjee Having been. Nuna ayana I may be. Wuna aykan I shall be. I should be. Jeem or Pam Pam or Halsa Beat. Jeeyana Halskan To beat. Beating. Jissee Halsee Having beaten. Nana jintona Nuna patan or Halskan I beat. Nime jintonee Nimma halstkin Thoubeatest. Wor jintor Wogoo halsintogoo Mummatoo hals- kom He beats. We beat. *••••' Nimet jintoneet Mummatoo halst- keer Tou beat. Hor jintor Woroo halsito They beat. Nunoojissore mun- tona Nunna halshere muntan Nunna halshere muntan I am beating. I was beating. I had beaten. N una jeeyana I may beat. Mee mare Nuna jikan Nunna halstkan Nunna halsantoroo I shall beat. I should beat. I am beaten. I was beaten. Mee mark jae I shall be beaten. 12a ( 12 ) SPECIMENS OF THE CENTRAL TEIBES. KoOBKOOS. Nimaj. Hoshnngabad. Mehto. Bilaspur. BtGAS OB BiNJWAES. Balaghat. Mandla. I go Thou goest He goes I went Tliou wentest He went Go Going Gone Wtat is your name ? How old is this horse ? How far is it from here to Kashmir ? How many sons are there in your father's house ? I have walked a long way to-day The son of my uncle is married to her sister In the house is the saddle of the white horse Put the saddle upon his back I have beaten his many stripes with He is grazing cattle on the top of the hiU He is sitting on a horse under that tree His brother his sister is taller than The price of that is two rupees and a half joomoo toto Ama chodja Ghorgie orsoja Inia tain Kashmir toto khat chan- gain Ama aba kontey toto koja Tani koratain khoob chunda keen Inia kuka konc hundija koney ikene Oora talan poolum ghorgie khogir takha Inia ghorgie pa- than khogir dokey Inia kontey cha- buk ten khoob moonda kene Budla ten junwur chacharaba Kooddey sung ghorgie ten koro choodba Inia dada ten inia bai oonchahech- kun Dija kimuto udia roopia taka TJmajoomoochoee Dee ghorga oom- urchoee Endaton Kashmir choee to utar ja TJmadoo choee to kon koja Ten eeng umatum ghuna atar olunja Poolung ghorga khogir enee ora gun Deeja bhaoree khogir dokhin Deeja kon khin khoob bet koo- makhnay Hoojay kathree lyimohu churao Dee koru dee myaetun ghorgi lynn choojun Deeja miseetun deeja bhytaoon chaja Deeja mola adhye roopenja Eng batun Amchi nau Ghoro timun chur ba- Kashmir hin mare timmin koss apoom ora tim- min gota Timmora mar wy kyam Subbiaora kho- geer oraree bhitur To be tnrri toltah khogeer Bononum tanedai Oreeko charaya boroon May jathoo Tijathus Tijabey Mey jamhoo Tijaruhus Tijarahey Ja Tor nao kahae Oh ghoda kitna burikh ke haie Kashmir otey ku- tur door haie Tor babako ghud men kuttur beta haie Men aj atnr door aha More doodh bhaie okey bety biha kuris Ghur men pundri ghodaka khogir haie Wako pith men khogir d burro Okur beta la khoob lukdee se marun Dongur ke oopur gaie churut alia Eookh tuley ghoda men chudwut aha Okur bhaie okur bale se ooncha aha Okur mole adhaie rupia aha Tooh gootho Wuhgooruheh PEOymCES LANGUAGES.— ((7o«^mMe^.) ( 13 ) 121 TEIBES. PUITKA. Mandla. Mehba. Mandla. Katta. Narsinghpur. Eaj Gond. Chan da. Maeia Gond. Chanda. Mai goyo Too gotho Wuh gotlio Maigoyo Too gotlio Wuh gotho Mee ^ata Too zatoos Te zata Mee gelow Too gelos Te gela Za, Zasen Toojha nam kai ai Toojhe dadachee- ghureech kitte ek lekhoor and Nuna hattan Nimme huttee Wor hattor Hun Hattor Nuva porol butee munta It korata win buchol munta Igdal Kashmir buchol luk munta Miwar babonalou buchol murk muntor Nend nunna welle luk suree toktan Nawa kakana murrin wuna shelartora mur- mee ata munta Pandree korata khogeer Ion munta Tana perka kho- geer wata Wuna murri wele bete nuna hulstan munta Wor mettaporro tala mehentor Wor khoratporro oottor murupoot muntor Kuna tummoor wuna sheelar puxee oochmun- tor Tana mol adai roopya munta Nunna hattan Nimma huttee Wogoo hatogoo Honnoo Hottoogoo Nuva porol batal munta Idoo kora bu- choroo matri ata Intahee Kashmir buchoroo jekoo munta Miwa minmana lonoo buchoroo murkoo mun- tooroo Nendoo nunna welleieekoo hur- ree taktanoo Nawa kakana murrinkoo tana helanoo murmee atoom Pandree korata kogree lonoo soppo munta Tana mondko porro kogree tasa Wona mugainoo nunna jootile laoo hulsta munta TJdoo kurgete tal- lawora kodang wogoomehe- cbere muntor Udoo murathedoo wogoo koraoo- chee munto Woono helankun- an wonoo tum- mogai dunkoo muntogai Tana mola ren- doon arda roo- pya munta I go. Thou goest. He goes. I went. Thou wentest. He went. Go. Going. Gone. What is your name ? How old is this horse ? How far is it from here to Kashmir P How many sons are there in your father's house ? I have walked a long way to-day. The son of my uncle is married to her sister. In the house is the saddle of the white horse. Put the saddle upon his back. I have beaten his son with many stripes. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill. He is sitting on a horse under that tree. His brother is taller than his sister. The price of that is two rupees and-a-half. FURTHER SPECIMENS ABORIGIML LANGUAGES OF THE CENTRAL PROVINCES. 126 ( 2 ) SPECIMENS OF THE CBNTEAL TEIBES. Dhanqttk. GoND Teibbs. Bilaspur. Narsingpur. Chhindwarra. Nagpur. Balaghat. Bhandara. One Oondee Oondi Orah oondu Oondee Oondi Two Euud Eund Eund Eund Eund Three Moond Moond Moond Moond Moond I'our Laloo NaJoong Naloong Naloong Naloo Five Saiyo Seiyoong Suyoong Sayoong Sunyugun Six Sarhoo Saroong Saroong Sawa Sadoom Seven Eroo Yedoong Eroong Yeroo Edoom Eight TJrmoor Armoor Athum Nine Oonmah Nubey Nuoom Ten Pad Pud Dahoom Twenty Fifty Tunnas Punnasung One hxmdred Noor Noor Noor Noor I Nunna Anna Ana Nuna Nunna Of me Nawa Fawor, Nawa Mawur Na-visee Mine Nawa Nawor, Nawa Mawur Nawa We Ummut Ammot Amut Amoat Amote Of us Mawa Mawor, Mawa Mawa Mawa Ma-visee Our Mawa Mawor, Mawa Mawa Mawa Thou Eeina Imma Nee Ima Ime Of thee ... * ... Mwa Neewor, Neewa Neewa Neewa Ni-see Thine NiwS, Neewor, Neewa Neewa Nee Ore You Eemat Immat Emat Imat Imat Of you Miwa Miwor, Miwa Neewa Meewa Wulle vise Your Miwor, Miwa Neewa Mee ore He Wor Or Hore Oar Oru Ofhim Woni Onhor, Onha Hona Owa Ena visee His Wona Onhar, Onha Hona Hona They Wor Ork Hore Oruk Hudu Of them Wora Orknor, Orkna Hona Odukna Hona visee Their Wor a Orknor, Orkna Hona Hand Thekkha Kai Kei Kuee Kaie Kui Foot Khed K&l Kal Kalk Tal Kalku Nose Mooi Musurer Mussor Musoor Musore Musore Eye Khun Kun Kun Kiink Kunuk, Kuduk Kuduku Mouth Bae Toddee Toodee Todee Toddy Tondee Tooth Pul Pul Pul Pulk Pul Oondee, Puluk Ear Khebda Kou Kuwee Cawi Kubee, Kouk Kuvee Hair Choothee Choothee Chooting Chotee Choondee Chootee Head Kook Tnlla Tulla Tala Tula Tongue Tuthkha WuDJur Vunjur Wanjair Vunjur Bunjhur Belly Kool Peer Peer Peer Peer Peer PEOVINOES LANGTJAGES. ( 3 ) 127 TEIBES. GOND TaiBES. Wardha. Hoshangabad. Seoni. Jabalpur. Mandla. Sagar. Oondee Oondee Oondi Oondee EykWan One. Eanda Bund Eund Eund Bu Two. Moonda Moond Moond Moond Truu Three. Nalunga Naloo Naloon Naloo Pour. Sayoong Suyoon Syoon Saiwoo, Segh Five. Saroong Saroon Saroon Saroo Chho Six. Yedoong Yaroo Airoon Eroo Seven. Yermood Urmoor Armoor Aumore Eight. Navo Oorma Pud Udai veesa Auma Pud Eekh Puehakh Nine. Ten. Twenty. Fifty. Noora * * Noor Eg One hundred. Nana Anna Mumote Ana, Nan Nunna, Nowa Hoon I. Nakoon Nakoon Masay Mahoon Of me. Nawa Nawa Mawa Nawal Nawa Maro Mine. Amoot Ammutt Nunah Mam Munna Hoon We. Makoon Nakoon Nasay 'Marhoon Of us. Mawa Mawa Naw4h Ouna Nawa Markoon Our. Ema Eemm Eema Ima \mk To Thou. Woan Nilcoon Eemasay Ta roon Of thee. Newa Neewa Neeya Mowa Tara Thine. Walai Eemmut Eemat Ima Ima Too You. Nikoon Nikoon Eematsay Tarhoon Of you. Meewa Meewa Neewah ..• >•• Tarhoon Your. Wora Wol Ore, Fdh Hoe Hore Ulo, Anrey He. Wana Oun Oansay Anho Of him. Wona Ona Oanah Adandai Hore Inha His. Tai Wol Hoe Hore Ula They. Wansu Oun Oansay Anhoon Of them. Ora Oonah Hukai TnVioon Their. Kaya Kyee Eye Eaik Eai Hath Hand. Kalk Kal Kal Eal Eal Godo Foot. Masoor Mussur Mussoorh Mussar Musur ' Nose. Eadaka Eankh Kun Eank Eunk Dora Eye. Todee Toddee Tooddy Tuddi Toodee Bakon Mouth. Pulk Pulk Pulk Palk Puluk Tooth. Kawee Koukh Euvee Eouwi Eowee Ear. Chootee Clioottee Choontee Chundi Eekh Hair. Tala Tulla ThuUa Talla Tulla Head. Wanajira Bunjur Vunjur Vanjar Wunjur Tongue. Peera Peer Peer Pir Dliarr, Pir Dimuroon Belly. 12B ( 4 ) SPECIMENS OF THE CENTRAL TRIBES. Dhansub. Gone Teibes. Bilaspur. Narsingpur. Chhindwarra. Nagpur. Balaghat. Bhandara. Back Medh Mohto Moorchool Moorchool Purrekee Puraki Iron Purnoa Euohee Cuohi Kachee Kuchu Kuohchee Gold Souna Sonoo Sono Sono Soona Sono Silver Chandia Chandee Chandee Ehooro Khooro Khooro Father Bung Dadaharal Dhas Baho, Daoo Daoo Mother Yangio, Aio Ran Buya Brother „, Dada, Engris Tummoor Tumoor Tumboor Tummoor Tummoor Sister Engri, Didee Seelar Selar Sailad Salar Bai, Tuka Man Alur Mandrsal Manwal Manwal JManwal Manuwa Woman Mukka A'r, Maigoo A'r Myjoo Myjo Mayejo Wife Enghai A'r A'r Myjoo Nawa Myjo Nawa Maejo Child Khuddur Chhuwa Chonwa Chhuwa Chawa Suwa Son Engdus Pergal, Murri Murree Muree, Toodal Murree Nawa Suwa Daughter Engdo Perjee, Miar Meear Toodee Pedgu Toodiya Slave Jonkhur Lorha Burskalyal Harpose Cnltivator Oorba Eisan Kissan Titintore Shepherd Era Khapuldus Guderiya Gadree Sherkee Dhungur Sairkia, andore God Dhurmes Bhugwan, Bur- radeo. Ishwur Pen Kodopen Pain Devil Nadh Daito Deitoor Bhoot Meerchook Bhootu Sun Beeree Soorujpen Sooriyal Din Soorial Soorya Moon Chundoo Chundal Chundurmal Nulenj Chundal JSTulunj Star Binko Sookkoom Sookoo Sookoom Sookumand Channee Fire Chichi Kiss Kees Kis Kiss Kis Water Um Eer Yer Yeer Err Air House Erpa Eon Eon Roon Eone Eone Horse Ghoro Koda Eoda Koda Eodda Koda Cow Owe Talee Mooda Mooda Mooda Mooda Dog Alia Nai Nei JSTuee Naye Nue Cat Beerkhas Beelal Beelal Beelal Bilal Beelal Cock Khaer Gogotal, Gogoree Gogotee Ghogotee Gogodee Ghooghooti Duck Hunsagira Bhuttuk Buduk Buduk Buduck Ass Gadhe G4d41 Gudhal Gudha Gudhal Gudhall Camel Unthee Oont Ootoom Hootoon^ Woot Hoot Bird Ora Pitte Pittee Pitti Pittay Pukahi Go Kalain Hun Hun Hun Hund H4n Eat Ona Tin Tin Tin Tin Teen - Sit Ookkubh Oodda Oodha Ooda Oodda Ooda Come Bara Wuree Wuda Wud^ Wudq, Buda Beat Kora Jim Jeem Jim Jeem Gim Stand E1&, Ej4 Nihcheehun Nita Nila Neila T6da ( 5 ) PROVINCES hANGVAQ^S.— {Continued.) 129 TEIBE8. GoND Teibes. Wardha. Hosliungabad. Seoni. Jubbulpur. Mandla. Sagar. Parakee Moorchool Murchur Moorohul Dondon Back. Eachee Euchee Eachchi Eunchi Lokhund Iron. Sonoli Sonna Sono Sunhe Sona Ehonoon Gold. Khooroh. Chandi Cbandee Chandi Chan dee Eoopon Silver. Babadala Daoo Daoo Babo Bao Father. Avadu Aabbul Agya Mother. Tamoodal Tummur Bhyal Bhayya Daoo, Tunmoor Brother. Shelada Sular Sylar Didi Silar Sister. Manwal Madoul Manrsa Mandsa Munnkb Baoree Man. My job Ma Myjoo Naiju Mai jo Marsee Woman. Madnuenah Ask Bungo Mai Yar Bawun Wife. Toodala Pedgul Chuva Chavva Chowa, Murree Cheeo Child. Murree Murree Marri Cheeo Son. Toodu Meeur Myar Miyar Meyar Jotha-Eootha Chhoree Dthor Daughter. Slave. Keersan Kissan Neli Eoeethoor Mand Eho Cultivator. Dhanakar Gadree Eopa Cherkal Dhunugur Shepherd. Pena Bbugwan Bbugwan Deo Bhugwan Bhugwan God. Bhootal Bhoot Dano Bhut Ruksa Bhoot Devil. Deina Sooraj Din Din Din Dinnoo Chandr Sun. Nalainj Chandrama Cbunda Chanda Chunda Katnoo Chandr Moon. Sookoom Tara Sookum Sukkum Thereya Taro Star. Kees Kis Eis Kis Eis Ag Fire. Yera Aer Air Yer Err Water. Kona Rone fioan Roun Rond House. Kodda Eora Eoodda Eor4 Kora Ghoro Horse. Mooda Gai, Talee Talee Tali Moora, Talee Gao Cow. Nayee Nayee Nye Nai Nayek Kootreyo Dog. Beelal Bila Bilar BM BiUa Bularee Cat. Bhagotu Morgul, Eoor Gugoree Gagori Eookro Cock. Butuk Dubuk Dabak Iree Buduk Duck. Gadhal Gadha Gudhal Gadha Gadha Gudheyroo Ass. Hoottoo Oont Oontoom TJnti Aount Oont Camel. Peetai Pittay Peetee Pitte Peetai Chimuneyoo Bird. Hua Hun Hun Hani Hun Go. Teina Tin Thin Tin Tinda Ehaeylo Eat. Ooda Oodda Oodda Udd4 Oodha Besh Sit. Wada Bura Vurra Wara Wura Aeoro Come. Jim Jim Jeem Jim Jeem Mareena Beat. Neela Leechheehun Lichay munsane Nilla Neelum, Nee- cheemun Oobbara Stand. 130 ( 6 ) SPECIMENS OF THE CENTRAL . . . ,'!■ TRIBES Dhangtje. GoND Teibes. Bilaspur. Narsingpur. Chhindwara. Nagpur. Balaghat. Bhandara. Die Kechus Sum Saoee hun Satoor Sasu Satoo Give Chya Sim Seem Sim Seem Sim Eun Bonga Vitsee Vita Wita Duyoo So'did Up Choa Purro Purro Puro Purro Puro Down Ookka Turree Khalwa Nailee Khaley Ooda Before Herihar Moonne Moonee Moone Mooney Moonne Near Heeribara Dora Kurroom Euroom Kuchool Kuchool Far Hari Lukh Lukh Luk Luk Behind Hulse Pija Puja Puja Puza Who Naen Bor Bor Bore Bor Bore What Endra Bud Bang Buda Buttu Buteande Why Barreetre Baree Bahoom Badusaty Bulyan And Aurchra Ane Oonday Oh Oondry An, nu But Ugga Oonday Pur Pun Pur If Oonday Tub Imma Tu Yes Ho Inge Ingey Ingee Invgay Hinge No MuUa HiUe HuUe HiUe Hilley mile Alas Hai Hai Sos-lad-sos Aruray Hae A father Dada or Babo Dhaoo Babo Daoo Edoorbaba Of a father .., Dadata or Bab- bona M. Dhaoonor Fern. Dhaoona Babona Daoona Oondis Babana To a father ... Dadatoon or Bab- botoon Dhaoon Babone Daoon Babana From a father Dadate or Bab- bote Dhaoonseen Babo Sin Daoonsay Baba Nigdal Two fathers ... Eund Dada Eund Babo Rundoo Baba Fathers Dada Dhaoork Wulene Babo Daoong Wule Baba Of fathers ... Dadana M. Dhaoorknor F. Dhaoorkna Wulene Babona Daoongna Wule baba vise To fathers Dadanoon Dhaoorkoon Wulene Babone Daoongnaley Wule Babano From fathers ... Dadani Dhaoorkseen Wulene, Babo Kikedal Daoongnasey Wule baba nigdal A daughter ... Pergee Meear Meeyan Pedgee Oondee Toodi Of a daughter Pergeeta M. Meeanor P. Meeana Meeyana Pedgina Toodi Na To a daughter Pergeetoon Meean Meeyan Pedgitoon Toodinu From a daughter Pergeete Meeanseen Meeya Hikedal Pedgisay Toodeenigdal Two daughters Rund Peking Rund Meeyan Eundu Toodee Daughters Peking Meeark Wulene Meeyan Peking Wuli Toodi Of daughters Pekina M. Meeartnor F. Meearkna Wulene Meeyana Pekinga Wule Toodina To daughters Pekinoon Meearkoon Wuleoe Meeyan Pekingtool Wuli Toodi nu From daughters Pekine Meeark Seen Wulene Meeyan Hikedal Pekingsay Wuli Toodi Nig- dal ( 7 ) PEOVINCES IjA.'NGV AGES.- f Continued.) 131 TEIBES. GoND Teibes. Wardha. Hoshangabad. Seoni. Jabalpur. Mandla. Sagar. Sama Sasut Huneegay Satur Sathur sosee hunthur Mareegyo Die. Shema Sim Seem Sim Situr, Seewur Du Give. Weitha Vichhiliun Soda Vitta Weetha Murenchhoot Eun. Porali Purro Purrote Parro Purroo Up. Nailee * Siddeen Pulla Heyt Down. Moonnai Moonnee Moonnay Munne Samoo Before. Eachool Kurroom Joray, Kurro Gori Mootus Kunha Near. Luk Luck Lukoom Valela Luk Far. Paraku Pijja Kjja Pachari Pudja Pacbhey Behind. Boar Bole Bore, Boan Boni Bor Who. Butee Buran Butliee V&ri Ka Eyyoon What. Banko Baran Baga Vati Bal Eyyoon Why. Nail Anee Un Tara Aorey, un Un And. Para Pun Tara Ath But. If. Yingay Va-i-kam En gey Han Yes. Heilai Hailay Hillay Hilliyan Jhvn Nuheen No. Aral Aray Aray Hay Bah Ureyrey Alas. Oondee VoUay Daoo Dada Babo Bao A father. Volluta Daoonay Dadana Babola Babanoon Of a father. VoUun Daoonay Dadau Babola Babanoon To a father. VoUutsay Daoonsay Dadanse Babota Baba Eunatboo From a father. Eund Daoo Do Dada Eund Babor Bu Baba Two fathers. Vullay Daoo Dada Wulley Babor Ghuna Baba Fathers. Vullay Daoonay Dadana -Wulley Baborla GhunaBabaNoon Of fathers. Vullay Daonay Dadan Wulley Baborla Ghuna Baba Noon To fathers. V Vullay Daoonsay Dadanse Wuelly Baborta Ghuna Baba Hu- nathoo From fathers. Oondie Pergie Pairgee Miyar Meyas Chhoree A daughter. Pergina Pairgeenay Miyar Na Meyasla Chhoreenoon Of a daughter. Pergin Pairgeenay Miyaran Meyasla , Chhoreenoon To a daughter. Pergisay Pairgeensay Miyaranse Meyasta Chhoree Euna- thoo From a daughter. Kund Pairgee Do Miyar Eund Meyas Bu Chhoree Ttco daughters. ; Mootkee Pergie Vullay Pairgee Miyar Wulley Meyas Chhoree Daughters. Vullay Pairgee Miyarna Wulley Meyasla Chhoreenoon Of daughters. Vullay Pairgeenay Miyaran Wulley Meyasla Chhoreenoon To daughters. Vullay Pair- geensay Miyaranse Wulley Meyasta Choree Euna- thoo From daughters. 132 ( 8 ) SPECIMENS OF THE OENTEAL TRIBES. ♦ Dhangtjr. Gone Teibes. Bilaspur. Narsingpur. Chhindwara. Nagpur. Balaghat. Bhandara. A good man ... Oruth Nagud Alus Choko maurdsal Chokho manwal Changlo manwal Beomanwal Dhokhut manwal Of a good man Choko maurd- sana Chokho man- wanor Changlo man- walna Besmanwalla Condi chokhut manwalna To a good man Choko maurd- sank Chokho manwaii Changlo man- walkoon Besmanwan Qondi chokhut manwalnu From a good man Choko maurd- sanal Chokho manwan seen Changlo manwal liikedal Besmanwalsey Oondi chokhut manwal nigdal Two good men Erib JSTagud Alus Eund choko manrdialor Rund changlo manwal Eundi chokhut manwal Good men Choko manrd- salor Chokho manwalk Wulene changlo Besmanwaloodk Wuli chokhut manwal Of good men... Choko manrd- salora Chokho manwalk- nor Wulene changlo mariwalna Besmanwalookta Wuli chokhut manwalna To good men ... Choko manrd- salork Chokho manwal- koon Wulene changlo manwal Besman waloodkn Wuli chokhut manwalnu From good men Choko manrd- saloral Chokho manwalk seen Wulene changlo manwal hikedal Besman wae- loodksey Wuh chokhut manwalnigdal A good woman Chokoar Chokhoar Changlo myjoo Besmyjo Chokhut maezo Good women ... Chokoar Chokho ask Wulene changlo myjoo Besmyjong Wuli chokhut maezo A bad boy Oruth khuddus munjus Boortor pergal Boortor pedgal Nadan toodal Booraohaba Chokhut todal hiledoo A bad girl Boorta pergee Boortal pedgee Nadan tooree Booro pedgie Oodi topdi cho- khut hiledoo Good Nagud Choko Chokho -Changlo Bes Chokhut Better Udte choko Tan seen chokho Feda changlo . Best Subrete Subrot seen chokho Peda changlo High Mechus Oonoho Dhongal Dhongul Kuddo Oonch Higher Udte ooncho Tan seen dhongal Feda dhongal Highest Subte ooncho Subrot seen dhon- gal Feda dhongal A horse Enoto ghoro Koda Koda Kodda Kodda Oondi koda A mare Ghooriya Sittee kodda Koddi Oodi koda Houses Kodang Wulene kodda Koddang Wule koda Mares Ghooriya Kodang Wulene sittu kodda Kodding WuUe koda A bull Enoto addo Sanrd Kooral Koora Korda Konda A cow Talee Mooda Mooda Mooda Moodda Bulls Sanrk Koorang Wulene koora Kodang Wule konda Cows Talee Moodang Wulene mooda Moodang Wule moodda A dog Antaulla Nai Nei Naee Nayee Oondi naee A bitch Sittee • •■ 1 • • Sittee naee Sitte Tote naee Dogs Naik Neik Wulene nai JVTaik Wule naee Bitches Sittee Wulene sittee naee Sitting Wule naee A he-goat Era Bukral Bokdal Bokdal ( 9 ) PEOVINCES JjANQVAG^^.— (Continued.) 133 TEIBES. GOND Tbibbs. Wardha. Hoshangabad. Seoni. Jabalpur. Mandla. Sagar. Morrul kamonul Base munoos Asel manisa Nugd manukh Ushil manoosh A good man. Base munoosnay Asel maursana Nugd manukb la Ushil manoosh ni Of a good man. Base munoosnay Asel manrsa Nugd manukbla Ushil manoosh kaney To a good man. Base munoosay Asel manrsanse Nugd manukhta Ushil manoosh kunathoo From a good man. E,und bais munoos Do asel manrsa Eund nugd man- ukh Bu ushil ma- noosh Two good men. Vullay bais munoos Asel manrsa WnUey nugd manukh Ghuna ushel manoosh Good men. Vullay bais munoosnay Asel manrsana WuUey nugd manukh la Ushil manoosh ni Of good men. Vullay bais munoosnay Asel manrsan WuUey nugd manukh la Ushil manoosh kaney To good men. Vullay bais munoosay Asel manrsanse Wulley nugd manukhta Ushil manoosh kunathoo From good men. Kummool ma Base maejoo Asel maiju Nugd maejookh Ushil bawunee A good woman. Base vullay mae- joo Asel maiju WuUe ynugd mae- jookh Ushil ghun ba- wunee Good women. Boorotool pergul Boorutb, toora Buro perga Nindruk murree Khrab cheeo A bad boy. ... ^.. Boorotool meeur Booruth tooree Buri turi Nindruk peergee Boree chhoree A bad girl. Chokhota Kamnah. Base Sajro Asel Nugd Ushil Thoo ushil Good. Better. Purssajro Bahut asel Sarey sey ushil Best. Pura Ooncho Oorkoon oonclio IJncli Dhanga Oonchee Thoo oonchee High. Higher. Puroor ooncbo Bura imch. Sarey sey oon- chee Highest. Wanda kodda Eora Eoodda Kora Koda Ghoro A horse. Wandukoddee Koodda Kora Ghoreea Ghoree A mare. Kodan Kora Vullay koodda Kora WuUey koda Ghuney ghorey Houses. Eodyan Vullay koodda Kora Wulley ghoreea Ghuna ghoree Mares. Wandu korrah Koanda Konda Konda Dhandho A bull. Wandu mooda TaUee Tali Moora Gaey A cow. Koorran Konda Vullay koanda Konda Wulley konda Ghuna dhandho Bulls. Moodan Puya Vullay tallee TaU Wulley moora Ghunee gaey Cows. Wandu nayu Naie Nye Nai Nyek Kooturye A dog^. Wandu kooteen Naie Sittee Siti Sitae Kootree A bitch. Nayuk Naye VuUay nye Nai Wulley nyek Ghuna kooturys Dogs. Kootuny Naye Vullay sittee Siti Wulley sitee Ghunee koo- turiyah Bitches. Bokral Bookra Bokral Bukrai Bukra Bokro A he-goat. 134 ( 10 ) SPECIMENS OF THE CENTRAL TRIBES. Dhangue. — ^, GoND Teibes. Bilaspur. Narsingpur. Chhindwara. Nagpur. Balaghat. Bhandara. A female goat Boorhi eri Yetee Yetee Etee Yetti Groats Bukralor yeting Bukralk Wnlene etee Bokdaloodk A male deer ... A female deer Mirza Mas Maok Eodral Kodree Meergal Hirna Mirgal j Hurnee 1 Deer Mak Mirgalor Maok Wulene kodree Mirgaloodk Wule hurna I am Nunna aiatona Anna and an Ana mantona Nuna andan Nuna muntona Thou art Eema aiatonee Iromaandee Ime mantinee Immay audi Imey muntona He is Wor aiator Orandoor To mantore Or anddoor Ohur muntore 1 We are ! Umat aiatoram Ammot andom Amut minda Amot andom Wule jhuna mun- tona You are Eemut aiatoreet Immat andeet Ime mantinee Imet andit 1 Wule muntuna ! They are Wor aiator Orkandoork Hore mantore Odk andoodk Wule muntore i I was Nunna huttan Anna muthona Ana mantore Nuna muttona Nuna muntona Thou wast Eema huttee Imma muthonee Eme mantona Ima muttoni Ime muntoni He was Wor huttor Or muthor Ore mantore Or muttor Hair muntore We were Amut hattam Ammot mutho- rum Amut muntore Amot muttom Wule jhuna muto- do Tou were ( Eemut hutteet Immat muthoreet Eme mantona Imet mottonit i Wule jhum mim- i toda i They were Wor huttor Ork muthork Hore muntore Odk muttodk Wule muntona Be Am Am Munda Mun Mund To be Aialle Ayana Mundina jMundana ' Being Having been ... TJsse Usse koon Ayata Asse koon Muntton Muttun I may be Nunna aia para- tona Ayaka Ana mantona Nuna mundina Nuna muntoria I shall be I should be ... Nunna aika Nunna aia paran- dun Ayaka Ayata Nuna mundka Hadina munta Nuna hundaka Nuna daka Beat To beat Beating Jeem JeaUee Jisee Jeem Jeeana Jeeata Jim Jeeana Jitona Jim Jitun Jinake Haying beaten I beat En louskan Jisee koon Nunna jeealona Jeseekoon Anna jeeatona Anna jika Jehseekoon Nunajeeyatona Jiskun Nuna jitan Thou beatest .., Eema jeeatoni Immajeeatonee Imey jeeyatoni Ime jintoon He beats We beat Wor jeeator Jmat jeeatoram Or jeeator Ammot jeeatorum Amut jika Or jeeator Amot jeetoom Hor jiantore Amote jiantore You beat They beat ... Eemut jeeato- - reet Wor jeeator ( Cmmatjeeatoreet 3rk jeeatork . s- Imet jiatonit Odk jeeatodk Wule jhun jian- tond ffore jiantore ( 11 ) PEOVINCES JjANGcU A.Gm.—fContinued.J 13S ' TRIBES. OOJTD TbIBES. . , Wardha. Hoshangabad. Seoni. Jabalpur. Mandla. Sagar. Harrai Bookree Uttee Iti Cheerea Bokre A female goat. ' Bakara loda Bookra VuUay bokral Iti Wulley Bukra Ghunee bokree Goats. Heerna Meergal Chhigra Kursal Akhurree A male deer. Heernee Heernal Chhigra Heronee Hureyn A female deer. Heern Vullay heernal meerga Chhigra Herona Gunee hum Deer. i Nana mantonah Anna hae Mamoteandoom Nan mandaka Muma mundal Hoon chhoon I am. 1 Ema mantonee Oomma hai Eema aund lyar adur Eema mundal Too chhii Thou art. Wore mantore Olhai Ud andoor Had manda Haur mundal Ulo chhu He is. A moot mantode Ammut hai Nuna undoom Nan mandaka Wulley muma mundal Hoon chhoon We are. j Emat muntodee Oommut iai Eemat aund lyar adur Wulley eema mundal Too chhu You are. j Wora mantoda 01 hai Vullay aund Hon manda Wulley haur mun- dal Ulo chhu They are. Una muttooua Mumote mutona Nana mandan Nunna muttonee Hoon huto I was. 1 • Oomma muttoona Eema mutona Ima ore mattoni Ima muttonee Too huto Thou wast. 1 01 muttool Ud mutona Hor mattur Haur muttonee Ulo huto He was. TJmmut muttorum Nuna mutona Anave mandan Wulley nuna mut- tonee Hoon huto We were. OomTnut-muttool Eemat mutona Ima ore mattur Wulley ima mut- tonee Too huto You were. 01 muttooi Vullay mutona Vale janamattur Wulley haur mut- tonee Ulo huto They were. Mundkee Asee hut Chhu Be. Mundkee Asee hun Hoon ulo huto To be. Awel lyar Being. Aseehut Bunay masee Mumote assee Mumote aeeka Makoon aee Seet Having been. I may be. I shall be. I should be. Jeem Jim Jeem Jeem Jeeond Mar Beat. ffisibata Jeeana Jeem Jeem Marno To beat. Jea manool Jeetakay Jeyakun Mar to jaeych Beating. Jisi Jeetay ... . Maren Having beaten. Nuna Jemtonah Una jika Mumote jeea toorum Nana jiya tan Nunna jeem Hoon mareyt I beat. Eema jeemto nee Oomma jiatool Eema jeea thoonee Ima jiti 1 Too- mare chhoo Thou beatest. Oul jiatool Ud jheea thoor Hor jiyator Ulo mare chhu He beats. Amoot jeemtodo TJmmat jiatool Nuna jeea toorum Nana jeyatan Hoon maroon choon We beat. Emat jeemtodal Oommut jiatool Eemot jeea thonee Ima jiti Too mare chhoo You beat. Oul jiatool Vullay jeea thoor Hor jiyatur 1 Ulo mare cKhu They beat. 136 ( 12 ) SPECIMENS OF THE CENTEAL I am beating . . I was beating I had beaten .. I may beat .. I shall beat .. I should beat , . I am beaten ... I was beaten I shall be beaten I go Thou goest ... He goes I went Thou wentest He went Go Going Gone What is your name ? . How old is this horse ?. How far is it from here to Kashmir ? How many sons are there in your father's house ? I have walked a long way to-day The son of my uncle is married to her sister In the house is the sad- dle of the white horse TEIBES. DHANGrB. Bilaspur. En kala GoND Tbibes. Narsingpur^ Nighendur na- men Eunn chanto ghoro Istek Kashmir ai kosri Nimbus erpaun enjhun khuddur rahnur Inna niggeeha tooroo baruch kun Enkakus tring dus is ge tun grin binjarus Nunna jeeatona Nunna jokdan Nunna keitan jisee Nunna jeeapara- tona Nunna jeeaka Nunna parandan Nunna jesee aratona Nunna jesee matona Nunna jesee aika Nunna hunda- tona Eema hundato- nee Wor hundator Nunna hunji- tona Eema hunjitonee Wor hunjitor Hun Hunjee Hunjee koon Niwa buttee purol Ud koda ta but- tee oomr mun- data Yetal Kashmir bucho lukh mundar Niwa bubona rokhte bucho pekor munda- noor Nunna nend lukhtakee than Miwa kukka ta pergal yena selar te sung murming kiator Pandro ghorogi Panduree koda khogeer erpa- ta zeem rote noo raee mundar Chhindwara. Anna jeeatona Anna jeendan Anna jeetona Anna jeeka Anna jeeaka Anna jeeatona Anna mar tin- datona Anna martitan Anna martin daka Anna himdatona Imma hundatonee Or hundator Anna hutan Imma huteen Or hutoor Hun Hunjode Hunjee koon Nagpur. Anajika Ana jika Makoon jit Ona huntona Ana hunjee Hun Balaghat. Bhandara. Nuna jeeatona Nuna jiendan Nunajeeamuntono Nuna jeyka Nuna jeyka Nuna jeyka Nakoori jeetoor Nakoon jitoor jeea Nuna hadeetona Imay handitoni Nakoon noon Nuna jiantona Nuna jitar Nuna jisimunotona Nuna jeka Nuna jeka Nuna jeka Nakoon jiantore Nakoon jhittore pudol Meewa bang Id koda buchale wursan na andoo Iggatal Kashmir toon buchale lukh andoo Meewar dhaoon na rotte buchale murk andoork Nend anna lukh thaktona Nawor kaka nor mur ree tanha selan na mur- ming keetoor Pandree koda ta khogeer rotte andoo Niwa buttee pudol Hait koda buchale Kashmir igedal buchale lukh munda Niwur babona roon buchale toodal mantore Nend surde ana ajwule takta Mawa kakator toodanee hona seladeen sung mudmee auntoo Hud rot rupoo pandrial koda ta khogeer munda Or handatoor Nun hatan Imay hatoni Or hatoor Hund Handina Hatona sasuhud Niwo parole buti munda Id kodda buchor oomurta mundar Ikdal Kashmir buchore lumbore munda Niwa daoona rotey buchore chabang mudang Nunna naoo bul- ley lukkun dan batal Nawa kaka na murree wona se lang mudpee keetoor Pundrie koda ta khogeer rotey muha Nuna hundaka Ime hun Hore huntore Nuna hatan Ime hunti muntoo Hore huttoore Hun Takintore Huttoore Niwa nawa buti munda Buchkul wursu munda koda Buchul cose Kash- mir munda Niwa babona rone buchul saya munda Nain wuli taksee watang Kakano murree suwa mudming kittore Pandhra kodang khogeer rotropo munda ( 13 ) PROVINCES 'LA.'NGiUA&'ES.— (Continued.) 137 TEIBES. GoND Teibbs. Wardha. Hoshangabad. Seoni. Jabalpur. Mandla. Sagar. Emat jeitoor Nakoon jeetoor Nakoonjeeyauoor Nanahantonah Bema hantonee Nana hattan Wore huttoor Hun Newa padodah buttee manda Eed koddah baclial warona manda Eegdul Kashmir baohal luk- manda Newa babadala neeya baohore toodalod man- todo Nana wamdwa- lai luknal tak- see watal Nawa kakadala tamoodal shela deema mad- meen keetoda Pandree kod- dana ronakho- geer mandaya Una jeenun Una jisi Neea purool biha Oul kora cLa- oomur buchon Eegitul Kashmir buchon lakon day Newa daoon rone bucho tooda loo- dhye Ned unna wuUey luk kalkey kal wulleeton Pandree korana khoogir ed- routh hai Mumote jeea toorum Mumote jeea mutona Mumote jesaytee Mumote jeydoom Mumote jeydan Makoon jeesee muttoor Mumote jesee vatoom Mumote jesee mutoorum Mumote maro daka Mumote hutlia Eema butha Ud hutha Mumote Luttoor Eema, huttoor Ud huttoor Hun Hundatay Huttoor Eemat buthee purool Er kodda bucha- lay burusta atha Ek datay Kusmeer buchalay lu- koom-aund Neeya daootay roanthay bucha- lay chowa aun- door Naind mumote purro lukoom taktoom Mawa kakanoor murreenay ta- noor sylanoor murmee kesee- thoor Eed roantay aund pundree kodda tay khogeer Nana jitan Inge anajiyaka Nana kede jeka Nana jevena Nak jitur Nana mare hatten Nana mare daka Nana ve daka Ima hattur Ima hattur Hor hattur Han Hada tue Hattur Niybatti puror Id korabaohale varsana manda Igra Kashmir buchalak kun Niy rutte dada chhavva bachale madanu Sarri takina valela hanne na Naur kaka marri selar maijee kitur marri Ad rot madan par- rikora paleoha mundal Nunna hun Ima hun Haur hun Nunna hunhunjee Eema hunhunjee Haur hunhunjee Hun Hoon mare ru- heeto Hoon mare ru- heeto Hoon mareeoh Hoon mareech Hoon maro guyo chho Hoon mare ru- heeto Hutur Nya wutee purol mundol Koda purro teal mundol Kituk luk mundal Kashmir Keetek murree ima babala rond mundanoor Nunna wuUey lukwurra a,tur nehr Nunna kakanur murree haursela adanoor moedo Pudree kodatul pulaycha roun la mundal Hoonjaoonohhoon Too jaey chhu Uloja iruho chho Hoon guyo Too guyo Ulo guyo Jao Jai ruho Guyo Toro nam seeoo chey Aghora kitna burukh noon chhu Anhuto Kashmir sheeo Tarabawun ghur men kitna chhiya chhey Aj ghuna door gya Mara kukanoo chhiyo inhee buhun ko dajo bhuya chhu Dwala ghoronee jeen ghur ma chhu I am beating. I was beating. I had beaten. I may beat. I shall beat. I should beat. I am beaten. I was beaten. I shall be beaten. I go. Thou goest. He goes. I went. Thou wentest. He went. Go. Going. Gone. What is your name P How old is this horse ? How far is it from here to Kashmir ? How many sons are there in your father's house P I have walked a long way to-day. The son of my uncle is married to her sister. In the house is the saddle of the white horse. 13B ( 14 ) SPECIMENS OF THE CBNTEAL TEIBES. Dhangue. Bilaspur. GoND Teibes. Narsingpur. Chhindwara. Nagpur. Ealaghat. Bliandara. Put the saddle upon Ms • back I have beaten his son with many stripes He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill He is sitting on a horse under that tree His brother is taller than his sister The price of that is two rupees and a half My father lives in that smaUliouse Give this rupee to him Tate those rupees from him Deat him well and bind him with ropes Draw water from the well Walk before me Whose boy comes behind you? From whom did you buy that? From a shop-keeper of the village Ghorohi men- dhun khogeer heriloya Assi khuddurin lanchkan Alus partaun owen minta alugdus Alus ghoronoo arik karadus Idioje moollee arhai rupae raee Embus erpaun sunnee radus Isguson rupae eron tun hoa Husin Iowa epturn hea Chaata amum natga Ghuoha engauen ekote Nekha khuddur bara engnur khon khanu Nagobste khin- dikai dadurkai Puddatee dokan- tee imbuggee tooroo ondur kan Wono mohchote zeen kussee keecheem Nunna wona pergal toon wuUee joktan Dongur purro wor dhoral toon meatoor Wor koda purra murra turree ooddatoor Wona tummoor woona selar te concha aiator Ud chuddorrote nawa dubbo mundatoor Wonk id kuldar seesee sim Wonal iokuldar woya Wonk wullee jeemane doree te doha Eooa te eer neeh- chee tulla Mawa moonne hun Mwahulse bona pergal wnnk tor Eema bon iga tulle molattee Nar ta dookan- dar te nunna molaltan Tonna moorchoot purro khogeer irra Anna onhor mur- reen wulle ko dang jeetan Or mutta ta chendit purro- kondang taling mehtatoor Or ad murrat khalwa kodat purro oodeetor Onhor turn moor onha selan seen dhongal andoor Tanha mola adhai- roopeeang andoo Nawor dhaoo adchoodor rot te mundator Id roopeea on seem Aon roopeeang on seem yena On wulle kodang jeeseekoon noo- nete dohat Kooa ta yer oomat Na moone thakat Meewa pija bon- hor chonwa wayator Immat tan bon seen molate yeteet Natenor undi buniyan seen Hono pet puro- khogeer wata Hona toadoo wul- ene gitoor Hoodkeet puro hore dhore meh teen ta Hore muda tule kodat puro oochee muta Hona seladeen sin honatumboor dhongal munda Hona kimut run roopa ath anna Mawa babohore choodoor rot rupo ruheeman- tore Her roopaya horekoom sim Hore seem roo- paye enut Hore koom khoop gim nodhe koon doh chinwato Koreetal err wule kim Mawa moonee dut Bona tooda wan- tore nipuzie Bone hinda etenee Nate tal dookan- dar puro Id khogiran id a ko dato parro disa Nuna or chabu- toor khoob lathi se jitan Ad koddo ta puro mooda mahettor Ad mudda khaley koddatey tor oody Ona tummooradi- na salarsay sojor mundah Adena malo adhaie rupia munda Naoor daoo chidor rone mundat Id rupee on sim Ona kuchoo dol waley rupeea cheha Oney nodaytey doda oondey khoob jeem Ad koowa tal yero thanda Nawa mooney da Bona chawa niwa pujah wytor Imen id honi sya asti Idna te doorwuni se Khogeer pnrakM mandi kikital tana kussi Suwa toonrun korda wule gi- tani dan Mundate dhore mehu sintore Mudat lihalwa koda nititore Ona tumboor ona tuekapur se fu- dore mundah Ona kimut adeech rupuya munda Niwa babo hud- chid rotropa munda Id rupuya oon sisiwata Aoon rupuya tur- uksitura Ehoop oon jim an dohochiroom Kooital viheer tunda olikim Nam oone da Niya puda bug- dore man tore - O nigdul as ti-an Hud gaonwa doo- kandar aseetut ( 16 ) PROVINCES IjA.'NGrVAGm.-fContinued.J 139 TRIBES. GoND Teibes. Wardha. Hosliangabad. Seoni. Jabalpur. Mandla. Sagar. Kaddana pura- kee khogeer kem Wuna toodan nana walai badgeen jeetan Wore mattal parah kondan mebtantor Ad moda kbo lai wore koddatar ootoor Wuna toomoo- dal wana she- lad senoocbo manlore Wana keemat adeecb roopya- na mauda Nowababo cho- too roon man- tore Eed roopaya wana washu shim Wana eegdal roopaya yena Wona khoob jeein nah wona nodoitoor kboob Doha ad koohee yertanda Nawa moonaida Bona kareedal eema yettee Natainore wa- neegdal yettal Tana moorohool khogir dasa Tana pergan bet khoob jitool Ud puhar purro talee mehut toor Ud murra turree korat purro oottu Oona selar tun sipudul tum- moor Tana mola adhye roopea Naba vulley ood- rontee Eoopea si siwata tan Tan si roopea ench enut Kooata ervinja Na mooney ta- kee Onnol pergul takee toolnee pucharee. Thanay moor chootee khogeer doosay seem Mumote udteay toora toon buch- alay sooktee jeetoom • TJd dhqre mhai- latoor "phahartay Ore kodatay oochee antoor ore jharaysiree Thainoor bhyal purote aund thainoor sylatay Thana moal an- doorrundroopya urmoor aua Mawa daoo mun- datoor ud choo- door roantay Eed roopya ona seem Ud roopya oan- say aith Ona khoob jeem un ruseetay dho cheem Koonwa tay air- nay cheem Dang mawa moo- nay Bona chuwa vaya- noor neeya pijja Bonatay eema ore mole ay tuttee Nataytay oondee dookandar tay Ad palecha adan purro tachohhi kasi kam Unur marri nanna jitan Chunri parro dhor meita ja ri Tui di kora te uddile mara sri Onor bhai than- gal madano mao selar Adaina mol ran rupya our adha at Nava babo churur rote manda tour Yu rupya oun si- sun Yu rupya owne chhena Oun khub jim noune tain duha Er kuan tal tanda Nava samne taka Won nur chbavo na pijja vandur Ima vonna igral ate Nae dukandar tigral tattan nate Peet ta purro pul- eecha kuse seem Nunna haur mur- eela khoob jeetun Kurrote purro dhoreal meh mundal Murrate sinee kodate purro oodhtur Haur selate tun- murdhanga mun- dal Hourla mola rund rupaya Nunna babo chond rond la mudanoor Haur la rupea seem Haur ta rupaya it ka Haur la khoob jeetun un nunte dohohee Seem kowata erl jute tundal Nawa moonedah Oomur chowa mawa pudja- atur Haur boneta mole etur Narla dukandar ta Wa jeen chhuoO' pur churhee lu Tina chhiya nu ghuna koera marya Ulo doongur pur dhorakh churai ruho buhunee to oonchee budhu jo Tinoo dam chhu Tirhaie roopya Mara baba ulo nuno ghur men ruhhey ehhu Aroopya tino deyee du Ulo kuntho tyo roopya leyeelo Tina chunoo maro randho ko tina ban Dhee nakho koo- wa mutho panee churree to Mara aga chal Tara kiro akoo- noo ohiyo awee ruho tho Takown kuntho mol tiyo Ulo gam tho dookan tho mal liyo Put the saddle upon his back. I have beaten his son with many stripes. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hiU. He is sitting on a horse under that tree. Ulo ghoro pur baitho chhu jharwa heyt Inho bhai inhe His brother is taller than his sister. The price of that is two rupees and a half. My father lives in that small house. Give this rupee to him. Take those rupees from him. Beat him well and bind him with ropes. Draw water from the well. Walk before me. Whose boy comes behind you? Prom whom did yDubuv that ? From a shop-keeper of the village. THIBETAN AND BHOOTEA LANGUAGES. 142 ( 2 ) W O o Eh J- f ^ > 6e .g f=H fr* OQ DQ P^ Z a> n a IS • r-( fl • »-* M fl o OQ 60 3 •SP -^ 6c ^ a 60 pi PI MPHM^^o't?: CM a 60 a ■^ a E-i O OQ m ^ a) > 'S '^ fe: .=3 .^ .=« ® 3 piHfqMCQH^EHHi*fWM^;2;HS o o Eh 03 ( 3 ) 143 a :=< o o m tS H M pq 1—1 > fc 3 2 Pi CD a .o 0^3 «3tij f^.Sk3b>t>-'a a o § p d > & -3 ' — ' J^ "-^ ^s; 03 O OQ O p p 02 o o 1^ ■ctt o 60 S a S fH OS O ^ rj i« a >> ;? ;d p p^ M ^V o P? o <1 a a l3 (V a o 6d o 1=1 a ^ a 60 a 60 ft 6n 1 ID i g ^ (D a 60 a a 1 'o a a (D ^ ,<^ a !-! o rd p:Mi^p:;;2; a ^ Pi o (S a o EH a ;3 - - 2 ^ pq PQ M tS 1 '3 PhfWMoPoo o d o pq (D a o ■s d ® § J .2 .£; . _ pq m P is P^ P d I ( 5 ) 145 S .2 g S ^ c3 en O CD .03 ^^ 3 I ;i3 1^ 'i "S o :S a fe> c3 03 03 bo c3 M QQ OQ 02 fc^ ^ H i . - „ — _ >-o3 <^ Qj t>^ Ph p^ B 3 H ^ I' ^ ^ fi (5 -• _^ a a (D 03 a a a S 3 3 P-( Ph P4 ,1 :3 I o pi ft J ;^ ^ 1^ ^ I ^04 a o P-I a o o ■v«8 O O a a a ^ g ^ g o ^C8 PH -a bo w P3 v4 vtS I M -S P □Q '^ 1 p 03 c3 ,3 ^ 'M 1 1 a 1 a 1 1 •a a ,3 1 1 ^ i § n a ® S c3 T^ bD rj =« a 43 ca d a o M i6 1 S a 5 a .a § d 60 i-J-i WJ .^ ."^ *« >« «J to L_j o d 60 rj »— I o r^rd CS 60 03 -5 (3 d d 60 a c3 d d rd El =3. a d 60 o 60 d o c8 E-i 60 d ca d rd d a . . •!-( rd rd d c3 i-:i PU O a Ph Oh 60 .g a d rS o I ca E-i rM rd 1-; d rd C3 a> c3 I— I 60 d d d 03 d o, <0 ^U 03 "E? rdrJSl o c3 d d 60 d <3 S &Pd .S ^ ID >i Eh 0-. o a 03 d 0-. (D CQ Si O rd o .a r^ 60 o ^ CO ll l!j*'rH CQ —^ grd"^ © '^ 2 ^ O S 0) rd CO H jd ->^ rS a ^^ ( 7 ) 147 03 o a a P4 o (D ps :S QQ (D I— 1 :3 E3 0) bo^ S _2 »< ■% S m -s-a ® ■« C3 -1-3 -= ^ ^ ^ ^=s ^^ la ■^ &■ w- fin 1— 1 o .3 O CO c^ to W " ^' O 13 03 ^ M a o * o ^ d « .>.i CQ O iS Eh 13 ^• d rS d 1 OS p::^ a % . 43 :d '^ rd ID ^ 03 T3 d o u .A d o >^ n3 o ,:d ^ (X. o =1-1 o (D oS d o -d 03 OQ O I o d -d J O c3 d .a 60 d o a ^ d -+J CQ o Ph :3 <= d" °^ o d p] CQ 5 d o rd Ph -*^ 03 ^ -5 O Ph o d d .^ .a o o Ph 60 d o d ^ O O g,6D ® a ;d-S o s Tl 03 -^ 60 -d 03 § Oh 1 d c3 1 C3 Ph •^ Eh ^ H d CQ 60 'S a rd Ph Ph a o 60 d o d • rH " d 'Cl d a d 03 rJy 60 d o r^^l <0 60 o r^ F-l a> 60 a ft a o ■^ H r±4 60 • rH ^ d d ;5 d EH d I d c3 :a Ph 03 lU Ph K^rd d53 ID d 60 i 60 ." VB -^ rd rd m ^£'o Ph Iz; d I • -Ph^ -g «3 o d .a EH o o CQ d I c3 rd Ph EH F-l a> rd c8 d 60 a o a Ph d rd o d c3 d d u o -d d •l-H 60 i ID d 03 03 o3 Ph d d o ^' i^ a o 03 d d o m Ph d o :S d o IS pH (D g o rd n 60-^ a s ^^ <6 k. rSg a 51 fH «M " ;, II 600 _, * .2 P^ —' .3'^ ^ IS P d c3 rd H W rd^ ^ CQ rP Oi o O rd "^ EH c3 rd •-' . d 2 3 o O o rP 5 d 2 "= rP d o •rH a o il 2- CD rd -*J =t-l o o & I Ph o '^ • CQ (]^ 03 .2 1> Ph COOCH BEHAR, DARJEELING, AND NEPALESE LANGUAGES. 1^1 150 ( 2 ) Cooch Behdr, Darjeeling, English. Meoli. Cooch. Lepcha. Numerals. One Monohe Two Mouneh Three Momthan Four Monbreh Five Monbah Six Mondoh Seven Monchinee Eight Nine Ten Tvrenty Thikon Fifty Hundred Bishabah socheh Pronouns. I Aug We Jong Thou Nooug You Noongcharo He Obehm anshee They Of me Of us Of thee Of you Of him • ••■•• Of them Mine Augnee Our Jongnee Thine Noongnee Your Noongchinee His Bissonee Their Hand Nakhai Foot Nathen Nose Koontoong Eye Mogon Mouth Khogah Tooth Hathai Gasak Dui Tin Chari Pdnch Chahf Sat At Nau Das Kori Panchas EkSau An Niin Ni Nirun Ua Ujaran Ani Nunni Nini Nirunni Uani Ujaranni Niinni Nini Nirunni Uani Ujaranni Ohak Jaten Nakun Mukun Kakham Pha Kot Gyet Sam Phulee Phungo Terok Ka kyo Ka kwo Ka kyot Kati Kha kot Kha abungsum Kha phungon Go Koyu Ho Hayu Hoo He yu Kasusa Kyu sa Adosa Hayusa Hu soe a Hayu song sa Kasensa Kayu pougsa Ho sa Hayu pongsa Heu su Hoyu pong sa Kahok Diang bok Tak nain Anuk A bong Apho { 3 ) and Nepalese Languages. 151 Nepalese. Newar. Limboo. Magur. English. Ek Chhee Thik Kat One. Don Nusee, Gnee Neche Nis Two. Tin Song Soomse Soom Three, Char Pee Lise Booli Four. Panch Gnya Nase Banga Five. Chpo Khoo Tookse Chha Six. Sath Neh Noosee Sath Seven. Ath Ghya Ya-cbhe Ath Eight. Nao Goon Phangse Naw Nine. Das Sandho Thibong Das Ten. Bis Sung sandho Nebong Bis Twenty. Pachas Pee sandho Phangip Pachas Fifty. Sao Goon sandho Saw Saw Hundred. Mo or hami Jee Inga Gna I. Hame hero Jee-ping Anega Kan koorik ... We. Timi Ohha Khena Nang Thou. Timi hero Chha-ping Khenee Na koorik ... You. Teeyo (Tyo) "Wo Khoona, Nakhen ... Hos He. Une Wo-ping Khoonchhe Hos koorik ... They. Mero or homro Jee ta Of me. Hame hero ko Jee mee ta Of us. Tero or tomro Chhun ta Of thee. Timi hero ko Chhu mee ta Of you. Usko Wo-a-ta Of him. Uni Wo-mee ta Of them. Mero or homro Jee goo Inga-in Gnou Mine. Hame hero ko Jee mee goo Amga-in Kanoong Our. Tero or tomro Chhun goo Khena-iu Nawo Thine. Timi hero ko Chhu mee goo Khene-in Na koori koong Your. Teska Wo-a-goo Khoona-in Hos koong ... His. Une Wo-mee goo Khoon chhi in Hos koori koong. Their, Hatho Laha pah Hook taphe Mihoot, hoot piak. Hand. Paitallo Tooti palee Lang daphe Mihib Foot. Nak Nha Nebo Mina Nose. An kha Mee-kha Meek Mimik Eye. Mukh Mhoo too Moora Minger Mouth. Daat Wa Ha, heboo Misyak Tooth. 152 ( 4 ) Cooch Behar, Darjeeling, English. Mech. Cooch. Lepcha. Ear Khoma Nakal Anyor Hair Khanai Khau Achom ... Head Khoroh Dhakam At hiak ..t Tongue Chhalai Thelai Ali ... Belly Oodai Ok Tabak ... Back Bikooug Kiinju Achang ... Iron Shor Loa Panjuig Gold Shona Sona Zar ... Silver Roopa Rupa Kam ... Father Apha bipha Awa Abo Mother Aie, bima Ame Amo ■■• Brother Dada, bhai Ing ... Brother (elder) Ada Brother (younger) ... Phongbai Sister Janau Musing mo ... Si tser (elder) Abo Sister (younger) Binanaw Man Manshee Murg Maro-tagri ... Woman Hinjao Magja Thu ... Wife Bihi Jugju, jiksai Ain ■ .. Child Bisha Sasa Akup ... Son Bisha hoowa Mawasasa Tagri kup . . . Daughter Bisha hinjao Maju sasa Tha u kup . . . Slave Leng Ghulam Vith ... Cultivator Holwidan Gam loinimurg Khebu ... Shepherd Bromah laokar Bhera rakwal Thamchen nogbo ... God Batho modai Eashan Rem ... Devil Bhoot gotheechaw Why Mung ... Sun Shan Rashan Sechuk ... Moon Nokhabor Ranrit, narek Lavo Star Hathoorklee , Ramphut Suhor Fire Wat War Mi Water Daee Tikati Ong House Naw Nok Li Horse Gorai Ghora On Cow Moshogai Machu Bik (biggu) ... Dog Chhaima Koi Kazen (kazu) ... Cat Maojee Miyau Aleu Cock Daw Thak Hickbu Duck Haugsho Hansii Dam byo ... Ass Gada (Unknown) Pangbu ... ( 5 ) and Nepalese Languages. — (Continued.) 153 Nepalese. Newar. Limboo. Magur. English. Kan Nhaipon Nekho Menakap Ear. Kesh Sonh Thagek yea Misam Hair. Tanko Chhon Thagek Mitaloo Head. Jiboo Meh Lesoth Mekth Tongue. Bhunri or pet Pooa Sapok Mitook Belly. Pith Mha Ek, ekshima Mizang Back. Lohu Noh Phenje Phalam Iron. Sun Loon Samyang Gyo Gold. Chandi Wo-ho U-pah Chandee Silver. Babu Booba Ambah, pa / Boi Father. Ama Mang Ammah, ma Mai Mother. Daju or bhye Kijah Brother. Am, Phoo Daju Brother (elder). Didui or bahini Anoosha Anne Bhai Brother (younger). Sister. Tata Dai Sister (elder.) .... Kenhe Noosa Banai Sister (younger.) Manchhi Monoo Gna me, Ambechha . Bharmi Man. Aye mye Meesa Men chhama Mashto Woman. Sowas ni Koloh Ameith Miya Wife. Chhoro chhori Mochatha Henjah Lenjaja Child. Chhora Kai Asha, embechha Lenja mija ... Son. Chhoree Mha Asha Menchhema ... Mashto mija... Daughter. Kamara Cheo Aiyoke Myo Slave. Jamee Kameikejopa Hyami Cultivator. Phaijowa Bhera gogumba Gotala ... ' Shepherd. Bhugwan Bhugwan Bhagwan Bhagwan God. Banjhakri Bhooth Bhooth Bhooth Devil. Ghana Soorjoo Nam Namkhan Sun. Jun Too Mila Lab Gya hot Moon. Tar a Nugoo Khes mikpa Tooga Star. A go Mee Mee Mhe Fire. Pani Loh Chooa Dee Water. Gharo Chhen Him Yim House. Ghora Sonloh On Ghora Horse. Gye San Pith Gnet Cow. Kukur Khecha Kocho, khyaba Chu Dog. Biralo Bhon, bhocha Meongba, miong Sootoo Cat. Bhala Gongon Ing wa ba Gwa Ohala ... Cock. Batak Hai, hancha Chookpa bans Marchohans... Duck. Gadha Gadha Gadha Gadha Ass. B 2 154 ( 6 ) Cooch Behar, Darjeeling^ and JSnglish. Mech. Cooch. Lepcha. Camel Oot (Unknown) Lamdong Bird Daosian Thak Pho ... Go Thang Le Non «■. Eat Ja Sa Tha ' Sit Jo Mosun Gn^n ,,, Come Foil Rlanpai Di Beat Shooio Tok Buk * • . Stand Gosong Kharaton Lukding Die Thegar Tilai Mak • .. Give Hort Lahan Bole • ■• Bun Khalang Jar lei Deung • • • Up Gajaoo Khara Up long ka • -. Down Gahayas Kama Chil ... Before Thoongjoong Age Han ■ ■ . Near Khateh Kandik Athal Far Gajanas Janau Murum ... Behind Unao Pase Loan ... "Who Saro Chan To ... What Mah Atawa Shu ■Why Mano Atani Shumat And (La)ik ( ■ . But Gorung • • ■ If Jodi Thendok ... Yes Ongo Han Ak,Euk No Ongah Era Moin Alas' Hai hai Ha i u A father Bifa shacheh Awa gasak Abo kut Of a father Shacheh bifano Awani Abo so ... To a father Aplano Awana Abo so ... From a father Aphanefreh Awajikin Abonan ... Two fathers Bifa shaneh Awa duita Abo nyet Fathers Rifa gohang Awa bren^ awa bujun Abo song Of fathers Awa bienni Abo song so ... To fathers Awabrenna Abo songlo From fathers Awa brennijikin Abo songso ... A daughter ■ Magjusasa Ta u kup kath ... ( 7 ) Nepalese Languages. — (Continued.) 155 Nepalese. Newar. Limboo. Magur. English. Ut Oont • Oont Oont Camel. Chara Jhanga Poo Gwaja (small birds.) Bird. Heero Hoon Peg ma Gnoongna . . Go. Khao Nob Chama Jya ki , Eat. Basa Phatoo U gna Gnoo ki , Sit. Aija Wo ah Phara Rahni , , Come. Kuta Da Hipma Doong ki . . Beat. Ubho Dong Pima Soki . . Stand. Moro Seeta Sha Seki . , Die. Dey Bi-u Yea ba Yaki . , Give. Doogro Bwanhu Lokma Kher ki , , Run. Mathi Cho-a Tho Dhenam . • Up. Muni or tolo Ko-a Yo Mhaka Down. Astee or agher Nhapa Koodoo ma Aghyer Before. Nujeek Suttee Neetang Kherep . . Near. Tauro Tapa Nang kha Los . • Far. Puohke Lipa Egang Gnoongla Behind. Ko Soo Hatia Swale , . Who. Ke Chu Thebe Hyale What. Keno Chya Thyang sa Hyake Why. Ra Nang (Doubtful) ... Yang mo , . Ra (Doubtfu And. Purunto Puruntoo Sang ■» f Tara „ Dehreng „ . But. If. Auh Ho (Doubtful) ... Ah Hau Yes. Nahee or hoyna Moroo Na Mahla No. Aha or baby ne. Hai hai (Doubtful) Kajang sama Hai Alas. Egota babu. Chhomho booba ... Ambah or pa lopthik Kat bai A father; Egota babu ko Chhomho booba yia Lopthik palen Kat baiyo, bai- koong. Of a father. Egotu bubu ko Chhomho booba yia ta. Lopthik pailen Kat baiki To a father. Egota babu seteh ... Chhomho booba na- Lopthik payonoo Kat baile thing From a father. * pong. Daigota babu hero . . . Nemho booba Pa neche Nis bai puttoko Two fathers. Aabuhero Booba poong Paha Boi puttako , . Fathers. Babu hero ko Booba poong yia ... Paha len Boi puttoko koong. Of fathers. Babu hero ko Booba poong yia ta Pahailen Boi puttoko ki To fathers. Babu hero seteh Booba poong napong Paha yonoo Boi puttiko te- thing. From fathers. Egota chhoree Chhomho mha Lopthik menchema sa Kat mushto mi- ja. A daughter. 156 ( 8 ) Cooch Behar, Darjeeling, and English. Mech. Cooch. Lepcha. Of a daughter Magjusasaln Ta u kup kath neu To a daughter Magjusasani Ta u kup kat ko From a daughter Magjusasa jikin Ta u ku]) kat so Two daughters Magjusasa duijon Ta u kuep neth Daughters Ta u kup song Of daughters Magjusasagatani Ta u kup song so To daughters Magjusasagatani Ta u kup songlo From daughters Magjusasagatani-jikin ... Ta u kup song so A good man Shacheh manshi mojang... Murg penim Moroaryumkath Of a good man Murg penimni Moroaryum kathso To a good man Murg penimni Mora aryum kuthka From a good man Murgpenimnijikin Moroaryum kathso Two good men Murgduij onpenim Moro aryum neth Good men Murg penim gata Moro aryum song Of good men Murg penim gatani Moro aryum songka To good men Murgpenimgatani Moro aryum songlo From good men Murgpenim gatani jiken .. Moro aryum song so A good woman Shacheh hinjao mojang ... Magju penim Ta u aryum kath Good women Magju penun gata Tau dryum song A bad boy Shacheh Oodiah Bisha ... Magju sasa gasak nagta ... Tadi kup ozyen A bad girl Shacheh bisha hinjas oodia shama. Sasa gasak nagta Tau kup dzyen Good Mojang Penim Aryum ryumbs Better Mojancho mojang Uj anichay ia penim Dub ryumbs Best Shubshin Sab se ia penim Nejak ryumbs High Gujao Chua punda Atho Higher Bineebojow shong Ujani chayia chau Dop thobo ( 9 ) Nepalese Languages. — (Continued.) 157 Nepalese. Newar. Limboo. Magur. ■ • English, Egota chhore ko Chhomho mha yia Lopthik mench ma-sa len. Kat mushto mi- ja koong. Of a daughter. Egota chhore ko Chhomho mha yia ta Mench ma sailen ... Mushto mijaki To a daughter. Egota chhore dekhi . . . Chhomho mha na- pong. Mench ma sa yonoo... Mushto mija lething. Prom a daughter. Duigota chhoree Gnee mha Menchma sa nechi ... Nis mushto mija Two daughters. Chhoree hero Mah poong Menchmasaha Mushto mija pattako. Daughters, Chhone hero ko Mah poong yia ... Menchma sa ha len... Mashto mija pottokoong. Of daughters. Chhore hero ko Mah poong ta Menchma sa hailen... Mashto mija pattakki. To daughters. Chhoree hero dekhi ., Mah poong napong Mench ma sa yonoo... Mushto mija palla lething. From daughters. Egota jathi manchi ... Chhomho bheng monoo. Lopthik noba gname . . . Kat jathe bhar- mi. A good man. Egota jothi manchi ko. Chhomho bheng monoo yia. Lopthik noba gname- len. Kat jathe bhar- mi koong. Of a good man. Egota jathi manchi ka. Chhomho bheng monoo yia ta. Lopthik noba gname-i- len. Kat jathe bhar- mi ki. To a good man. Egota jathi manchi songa. Chhomho bheng monoo napong. Lopthik noba gname yonoo. Kat jathe bhar- mi lething. From a good man. Duota jathi manchi ... Gnee mho bheng monoo. Nechi noba gname, ... Nis jathe bhar- mi. Two good men. Jathi manchi sabai ... Bheng monoo poong Noba gname ha Jathe bharmi pattaka. Good men. Jathi manchi hero ko. Bheng monoo poong yia. Noba gname ha len... Jathe bharmi patta koong. Of good men. Jathi manchi hero ka. Bheng monoo poong yia ta. Noba gname hailen... Jathi bharmi pattaki. To good men. Jathi manchi hero sanga. Bheng monoo poong napong. »Noba gname yonoo... Jathi bharmi patta lething. From good men. Egota jathi aimai ... Chhomho bheng meesa. Lopthik noba menchma Kat jathe mash- to bharmi. A good woman. Jathi aimai hero Bheng meesa ta ... Noba menchma ha ... Jathi mashto bharme potta- ko. Good women. Egota naramro chhora Ohhomho-mohemah- mocha. Lopthik men noba hen- ja. Kat masecho jaja. , A bad boy. Egota naramro chharee Chhomho mohemah mha. Lopthik men noba chook poosa keti. Ka masecho '' mashtoja. A bad girl. Jathi Bheng Noba Jathij secho . . Good. Kub jathi Sung bheng Konnoole noba Hos denang se- cho. Better. Khoob bheng, or Thakke sung bhing. Kakmandhe noba ... Patta denang secho. Best. Algo Cho-a Kaimba Ghang cho . . High. Sung cho-a Kon noole Kaimba ... Hos denang ghang cho. Higher. B 3 158 ( 10 ) Cooch BeJiar, Darjeeling, and Engliah. Mech. Cooch. Lepcha. Highest Boinobojow shang Sab se ia chua Nyak thobo A horse Gorai macheh Ghora gasak Oon bu kath A mare Goraijo macheh Ghori magju Oon moth kath Horses Gorai gobang Ghora gata Oon song Mares Goraijo gobang Ghori magju gata Oon moth song AbuU Damrah macheh Damra machu gasak Long kath A cow Machu gai Beegu kath Bulls Machu damra gata Long song Cows Machu gai gata Beegu song A dog Chhaimah Kwai gasak Kuzu bu kath A bitch Chhaimahjo Kwai magju gasak Kuzu month kath Dogs Kwai gata Kuzu bu song Bitches - Kwai magju gata Kuzu moth song A he-goat Brama panta Purun panta gasak Sa ar bu kath A female goat Puran panti gasak Sa ar moth kath Goats Brama pantee also bramajo Purun gata Sa ar song A male deer Moi shingul jola Machuk panta Sako bu kath A female deer Moijo Machuk panti Sako moth katte Deer Sako I am Aug doug An donna Go gum Thou art Nooug dong Ni don Ho gum He is Obeh manshee dong Ua don Ha u gum We are Jong dong Nun donna Kougum You are Noong charo dong Nirun don Ha u pong gum They are Ujarun don Ho u gum I was An tonba Go nee Thou wast Ni tonba Ho nee He was Ua tonba Ha u nee We were Nun tonba Ka u pong nee You were Nirun tonba Ha u pong nee They were Jirun tonba Ho u pong nee Be Dona Khew To be Being Dona Done Khew man Chha bam mo l ( 11 ) Nepakse Languages. — (Continued.) 159 Nepalese. Newar. Limboo. Magur. English. ..•••• Thukke sung cho-a Kak mandhe kaimba Patta denang ghang cho. Highest. Egota ghora Chhomho sonla . . Onlopthik Kat ghora . . . A horse. Egota ghuri Chhomho meesa mah sonlo. Koomma on lopthik . . . Kat ghori A mare. Ghora sabai Sonlo ta On ha Patta ghora . . . Horses. Ghuri sabai Meesa mah soalota Koomma on ha Patta ghori ... Mares. Egota jura goru Chhomho donhon Bohor lopthik Kat tor A bull. Egota gai Chhomho sah Pima lopthik Kat gnet A cow. Jura goru sabai Donhon ta Bohor ha Patta tor Bulls. Gai sabai Sah ta Pima ha Patta gnet ... Cows. Egot kukur Chhomho khecha . . Khyaba lop thik Kat chu chaura A dog. Egota chhaori kukur... Chhomho meesa mah khecha. Koomma khya lopthik Kat chu chau- ree. A bitch. Kukur sabai Kecha ta Khya ba hp Patta chaura Dogs. Chhaori kukur sabai. , Meesa mah khecha ta. Koomma khya ha ... Patta chauree Bitches. Egota bokra Chhomho doogoo . . Mentak lop thik Kat rah A he-goat. Egota bokri Chhomho choleh . . Koomma mentak lop thik. Kat mima rah A female goat. Choleh poong Mentak ha Patta rah Goats. Egota harin Chhomho chunlleh Pengwa lopthik Kat kheshia ... A male deer. Egota harini Chhomho meesa mah-chunlleh Koomma pengwa lop- thik. Kat mima khe- shia. A female deer. Mirga Chunlleh poong . . Pengwa-ha Patta kheshia.. Deer. Mo chha Anga wa Gna le I am. Timi chha Kheneake wa Nang le Thou art. U chha Nakhen wa Hosle He is. Hami hero chha Ania wa Kankoorika le We are. Timi hero chha Kheneake wa Nakoorikale... You are. Oon hera chha Nakhen ha mewa ... Hos koorika na le. They are. Mo theo Jeedoo Anga weyang Gna le yia ... I was. Timi theo Chha-doo Kheneake weye Kankoorika le Thou wast. * yia. Thiathio Wo-doo Nakhen weye Hosle yia ... He was. Hami hero theo Jee poong doo Ania weye Kankoorika le yia. We were. Timi hero thio Chha poong doo . . Khenia ke weye Nakoorika le yia. You were. Theo hero thio Wo poong doo . . Nakhen ha meweye ... Hos koorika na le yia. They were. Hoa. Joo poge Vi^ r Chhana Be. Hunu Jooi-e Poungnia i- g;| ^ Chhanki To be. Joo-a-chona PokheyangJ "-^ (. Chhan nang ... Being. 160 ( 12 ) Cooch Behar, Darjeeling, and English. Mech, Cooch. Lepcha. Haying been Douimon I may be Go khen mo I shall be Go ong mo I should be Go khew pu Beat Tok Bak To beat Tokni Bakka Beating Toke Bak bam mo Having beaten Tokemon Bak long I beat An toktu Go bak Thou beatest Nitoktu Ho bak to He beats Ua toktu Ha bak bam We beat Nun toktu Ka u pongbakto You beat Nirun toktu Ho bak ka They beat Ujarun toktu Ho u bak bam I am beating A\itokna Go bak bam I was beating An tokunba Gobak bum ma I had beaten An tokbamun Gonen bakma I may beat An tokniba toa Go bak kheu I shall beat Au tokna Go baa sho I should beat All toknamun Go nen baksho I am beaten A6 tokmausasi Kas am bak mo I was beaten Au tok masapaisi Kasam bak fat I shall be beaten Au tok mansana Kasam baklong I go Aug tbang aiseh Au laina Go no ong sho Thou goest Uoong thangdo Nllaiti Ho nong He goes Beathangaiseh Ua laitu Ha u nondat I went Aug thanaiseh An laisl Go no ong ma Thou wentest Nooug thanga Ni laisi Ho non nong He went Ualaisi Hu non nong .., Go Lai Non Going Lainiyai Non det. Gone Laimun Non thopa What is your name ?... Noonguee moonga mamoong Nini ata mun? Hado breang shologo ( 13 ) Nepalese Languages. — (Continued.) 161 Nepalese. Newar. Limboo. Magur. English. Jooa dhoonkclo ... Pokhe yaiige Chhanno Having been. Mo hunu sakeo Jee doh then .... Gna chhanki higley. I may be. Mo hun chhu • Jeejooa Anga pongha Gna chhanni I shall be Jee jooa mah Anga pongla Gna ki chhanki pardele. I should be. Kutnu Dah Hiptia Doongo Beat. Herkanu Dai Hipma Doong ki To beat. Kutsa Dalatena Mi hiptooang Doong nang . . Beating. Kuti kanna Dai dhoonka Mi hiptoole Doongh no . . Having beaten. Mo kutsa Jeen daitena Anga Hiptoong Gna doong le I beat. Timi kutsa Chhan da Kheniaki hiptoo Nang doong le Thou beatest. Tesla kutsa Won da la Nakhen le hiptoo . . Hos doongle. . He beats. Hame hero kutsa ... Jee mee sung da ... Ania hipma Kan koorika doongle. We beat. Teme hero kutsa Chhamee sung da... Kheneaki hiptoong . . Na koorika doongle. You beat. Theo hero kutsa Womee sondala ... Nakhen hale mehiptoo. Hos koorika doongle. They beat. Mo kutdesa Jeen dia chona ... Anga hiptoong Gna doong le. . I am beating. Mo kut de theo Jeen dia tena Anga hiptoong lapa- chang. Gnaki doongle I was beating. Myla kuta ko theo ... Jeen dia thaka Anga hiptoong thang Gna doong nya I had beaten. My la kutna sekso ... Jeen dia phoo Gna doongi yeogle. I may beat. Mo kutsa Jeen dia Anga hipne Gna doong nya I shall beat. Mo kutula Jeen dia then Anga hipma pong . . Gna ki doong ki pardile. I should beat. Mo kutu kye Jeeta dalan Anga me hippa Gna doongo nyele. I am beaten. Mo kuta kye theo ... Jeeta dala Anga me hiptoong lapache. Gna doongo duma leya. I was beaten. Mo kuta khanso Anga me hiptoong pa. Gna doongo nyehe. I shall be beaten. Mojao Jee wona Anga peka Gna noong le. I go. Temijao Chha hoon Khenea ki peki Nangnoong le. Thou goest. Theojao Wo wonatena Nakhen pek Hos noong le. He goes. Mo gya ko theo Jee wona wa Anga pegang Gna noo wa . . I went. Temi gya ko theo ... Chha wona ana ... Khenea pege Nang noo wa. Thou wentest. The gyoko theo Wo wono Nakhen pege Hos noo wa . . He went. Ja Hoon Pege Noong ha Go. Janchha Woni Pekmayang Noong le G oing. Gyo Wona dhoncla Mepege Noong oho . . Gone. Tero nawkeho Chhan nam chhoo ? • Ke ming the ? Nakoong myer- min hyale ? What is your name ? B 4 162 ( 1* ) Cooch Behar, Darjeeling, and English. Mech. How old is this horse ? How far is it from here to Kashmir ? How many sons are there in your father's house ? I have walked a long way to-day. The son of my uncle is married to her sis- ter. In the house is the saddle of the white horse. Put the saddle upon his back. I have beaten his son with many stripes. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill. He is sitting on a horse under that tree. His brother is taller than his sister. The price of that is two rupees and a half My father lives in that small house. Give this rupee to him Take those rupees from him. Beat him well and bind him with ropes. Draw water from the well. Goraini boishah beseh thaug- bai? Beneefra Kashmira beseh gajan ? Nomphanee naw bisha besehbang dang ? Ang gajaneefrah thabaiba- dang. Augnee biftenee bisha binauoo baha khalan dang. Obeh naw gorai gooful jin dong. Gorai bekboong jin kha. Bin bishako raidong Jong shooha. Obeh manshee hajo gajo mosho goomdung. Obeh manshee tomg pang joodaihai gorai kanahu- eejoietha dong. Coooh. Ighoror koi bosorni ? Kashmir bisin jana ? Nini awani nogai koy join murg sasa ? Tini anpanais durnijikia la- jumpaisi. Anni uantini sasa wa mag- juni janau buja raksi. Nok bhiture ghara bokni- yani jiatoa. Uani kunjuai jin lakhau ... Uani sasawaa an banai toka suksi. Hakan karaway machu da- tautu. Uapanchunaighurawai don- gi tuntu. Lepcha. Oon ora nam suteh nong go? Abanun Kashmir suteh ru ? Hado bobka akup sulebth gni? Gomarum kor nong ma Kasak u tigri kup ora saing so bri thikpa. Oon a dum so go li araka ni. Ora changa plong ka gotho Gohu kupka agap bakma.. Tham chiaugzad bam hlo plong. Ho u oau plong ka ni kungsu gram ka. ( 15 ) Nepdlese Languages. — ( Continued. ) 163 Nepalese. Newar. Limboo, MagUT. English. Kethi borkha au ghora kabhya? He a dekhi Kashmir kethi tarosa ? Tera babuka gharo kethe ehhora chha ? Aju mo taro duUa ... Mira kancha babu kochhora oska boini seta bia gorro. Gorma sito ghora ko jin chha. Jin uska pithu ma charadeo. Usko ehhora lyi dhur markyo. Telia goat bhirko tuppa ma charaain chha. Teo ghora mo basi ruk- kamoni baia ka chha. Tho sonlo gola data ? Kashmir Thanna naug goolee ta tapa? Chhame booba yia chheu-go mha mo- chata doo ? Thong-jee apa law- gua dhoo no. .Teemee kakayia-kai lesa waya kenhen beha yia ta. Too-u-mha sonlo yia zin posh-chhen- doo. Weh mha zin posh tee. Jeeng woa kai yiata kache kan dia dhoono. Woa purbat eho-a sah ma-joa chona. Sheema qua sonlo gya chono. Tata yia shemang khija torree. Weh mhoo-nirkatya Jeemee booba che- kee kha goo chhen chona. Taka wo-a-ta bu ... Thoogoo taka woa ka ka. Wo a ta koob pian da khiptan-chu. Toonthi loh sa Kon onin akhen barka pokhba ? Ka-u-noo Kashmir akhen yarik mengba ? Kembale kohemmo akhen sa muwabe ? Anga ain mankha pegong. Menchiala koonoo sa in noo ambhanga la koosanoo beha jogesi. Pho keloba onle jin himmo wa. Khenle kuekeyo jin phachhe. Anga khenle koosa yalik hiptoong. Nakhenle thigoo sam thang goru pit ha komosi. Nakhen singaile koo- bungo nakhen-on yo yung. Khunea noole-koo- noosa ken. Nakhenle-koomaltoong nosi mohor-waa. Ambuh nakhen-chook- pa himmo yong. Kau angain nakhen phirea. Na angaha nakhe yonoo phettee. Na khene in yarik hipte yong thak pale khekse. Kooa gonoo chua late Is ghora koo- rik baras chana ? Itai Kashmir sumni koorik los le ? Nakoong boi-o- imang lenja nuja koorika le? Gna chini los noo wa. Gnou kancha boio lenja nnja-hoskoong banai khata biya jata. Bocho ghoran jin imang le. Hocheo nuzang jin dao. Gnai hocheo mizaki saro doongle. Paharoong nan- gi yang hos gnet tor arch- hamne. Hos singho mer- toong gnaug bos ghora take gnoo moo ne Hocheo banai denang hocheo bhai ghang- cheo le. Hocheo mol banga mohar le. hos im- Gnau boi marcheo ang dale. Is rupia hoski ya nhi. Hos rupia hos lething la ni. Hos ki bes khatta doongo atio hoski dorie chhyakni Kooing di donni. How old is this horse ? How far is it from here to Kashmir ? How many sons are there in your father's house ? I have walked a long way to-day. The son of my uncle is married to her sister. In the house is the saddle of the white horse. Put the saddle upon his back. I have beaten his son with many stripes. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill. He is sitting on a horse under that tree. His brother is taller than his sister. The price of that is two rupees and a half. My father lives in that small house. Give this rupee to him. Take those rupees from him. Beat him well and bind him with ropes. Draw water from the well. 164 ( 16 ) Cooch Behar, Darjeeling, and English. Mech. Cooch. Lepcha. Walk before me ' Whose boy comes be- hind you ? ^ From whom did you •buy that ? From a shop-keeper of the village. • ( 17 ) Nepalese Languages. — (Concluded.) 165 Nepalese. Newar. Limboo. Magur. English. Jee ho na Iroo theroo joo. Anga adagayo lang- hege. Gnun aghyer hwani. "Walk before me. Soo mochata chung lena woala ? Hale koosa egang phembi ? Soowa mija gnoongle rachyo ? Whose boy comes be- hind you ? Soo lesa chung gne nah? Hale yonoo nakhen keingoo ? Soo lething nakoi hos Iowa ? From whom did you buy that ? gaon-yia chugoo pasleh-lesa. Pang pheyo thik modi yonoo. Bustyoo pasale lething. From a shop-keeper of the village. LIST OF WORDS AND PHRASES SHAN AND CACHAREE DIALECTS OF ASSAM. 168 ( 2 ) List of English words and phrases with their corresponding words English. Assamese. A horn. Rhampti. One Two Three Fom- Five Six Seven Eight Nine Ten Twenty Fifty Hundred I We Thou You He They Of me, mine Of us, our Of thee, thine Of you, your Of him, his Of them, their Mine Our Thine Youx His Their Hand Foot Nose Eye Mouth Tooth Ear Ek Dui Tini Chdri Panch Chay Sdt At Na Dah Kuri Paiichas Eksa May Ami Apuni Tumi Si Sihata Mor Amdlokar Teor Tomar T£r Sihatar Mor Amdlokar Apanar Tomar Tdr Tahatar Hat Bhari Ndk Chaku Mukh Dant Kan Leng Sang Sam Si Ha Euk Kit Pet Kdu Sip Sau Sang sau sip Pdk Kdu Eang rau Mou Moule Feu Feuluk Kaure Raure Moule Mou-se Feu-le Feu-lukle Kau-re Rau-re Mou-le Mou-se Feu-le Feu-lukle Mo Tin Dang Ta Sup Kheu Pik Langa Chhanga Chdm Si Hd Huk Yeo Peo Kan Chhip Chdno Haehhip Pak Kant Du Matang Man Khang Kdnld Hang kan Khdng luh Khdng khan Khang m^n Khang mdo Klidng pan Hang kan Khang luh Khdng man Khdng mdn Khdng cho Kidng pdn la Man KadU Huldng 0yd Shungpa Khen Hu ( 3 ) in Assamese, Ahom, Khampti, Alton, Cacharee, Hojai, and MiMr. 169 Alton. Cacharee. Hojai. Mikir. English. Lung ... Moonsa Se Eci One. Chhayan g ... Thaniai Kini Hini Two. Chaum ... Thaithum Katham Kethum Three. Chhi .. Thaileri Biri Phili Four. Han ... Thaiba Poa Phungo Five. Hauk ... Thairo To Thrak Six. Cket ... Thaisini Sini Throkei Seven. Pet ... Thaijat Tehai Nerkep Eight. Kau ... Moonjee Soko Serkep Nine. Ohhipalu ng .. Manjat Je Kap Ten. Chhaului ig Bisosi Inkoi Twenty. Hachip Thodon Phungokap ... Fifty. Paklung Arjo£(ee Pharrow Hundred. Kau Anug Ang Nai I. Hau . . . Joongphur Jing Nali We. Mau Nong Nisi Nangli Thou. Ohhun . . . Nong Nisi Nangli Tou. Maun ... Be Po Hala He. Mainkha a •■ Bisur Ponisi Halatum They. Hanghan L Augmi Oni Ni Of me, mine. Hanghau L tang lung . . Joongphurni or Joongoni. Jini Ni Of us, our. Chhutanj ^lung .. Naugni Nini Naug Of thee, thine. Hangehu .. Naugni Nini Naug Of you, your. Hangsun . . Naugni Nini Naug Of him, hiR. Bisurni Ninisini Halatum Of them, their. ... . . . • ■ • > • • • ■ ■ Mine. ... .... * • ■ • • • • • Our. ... .... • . • 1 .... Thine. ... .... • ■ • ■ ■ • ■ • Your. ... .... ■ • ■ • ■ • • ■ His. .... Their, Mun ... AnkHai Bao Ari Hand. Tin ... Anthang Eka Akeng Foot. Lang ... Youthong Gong Enokari Nose. Tan ... Magun Moo Amak Eye. Chhap ... Khooga Xhoo Inghoe Mouth. Kheu . . . Hathai Hethai Eso Tooth. Pinghun ... Khoma Khamow Enno Ear. 170 ( 4 ) List of English words and pJirases_ with thei/r corresponding English. Assamese. Ahom. Khampti. Hair ChuU Frum Earn Head Mur Eu Hun kao ... Tongue Jibha Lin Lin Belly Pet Tang Onga Back Pithi Lang Lang * . . Iron Lo Lik Lek ... Gold Son Kham Khdm Silver Eup Ndn Ngal Father Pa ... Mother Me ... Brother Nang ■ . . Sister Nang ning . . . Man Kun • • • Woman Funing . . . Wife Mi CWd Lok . . . Son Luk-chai > . • Daughter Luk-ning • ■ ■ Slave Tukha • • • Cultivator Eecnd, ... Shepherd Palic God Fur^ Devil Lung sut ... Sun Bdn Moon Den Star Dau Fire Fie Water Nam , House Edn Horse Md Cow Hume Dog Sema Oat Meu Cock Ki Duck Pitnoy Ass Tnng Camel • • • • Bird Nuk Go Jd Kd Ka Eat Khd ■ Kin Kin ... ( 5 ) in Assamese, AAom, Khawfti, Aiton, Cdcharee, Hojai, and Mikir. 171 Alton, Cachaiee. Hojai. Mikir. English. Xaiim Xhanai Khanai Eechoo Hair. TTiTmrn Khorro Khoro Epboo Head. Tiin Salai Salai Eddai Tongue. Tattang Udai Pbo Eppuk Belly. Lang Bikhoong Sima Enong Back. T,ik Sur Ser Incbin Iron. Kham Durbi Oogow Sim Gold. Nu-eng-lip Thaka Kufoo Rup Silver. Ponu Affa Baba Po Father. Meu Ai Mama Pi Mother. Pilang Agai Angpbewng Emar Brother. Nangcbau Agoi Andow Ingjerpee Sister. Kona chai Hooasa Sibung Arling Man. Kunajing Hinjao Mosaijoo Arlosa Woman. Mi Beehi Bibi Peso Wife. Liiklang Phissa Arsa Osa-arlosa . . Child. Lukchai Gotho Pasa Aso Son. Lukohau Hinjaosa Pusu Asapi Daughter. Khaon Leng Leng Ban Slave. Hidaihirna Khetiak Dongiaba Sai-ketkee . . Cultivator. Chhauling-pe Moorkhia Gorokbia Chimung, kibi- abang. Amam Shepherd, Ohau-phro Issor Issor God. Phiphu Modai Soko Hie e Devil, Bhan San Sai Arni Sun, Neun Okhaphoo Dai Cbeklo Moon, Nao Hathorkee Hotbrai CheklolanBO . . ■Star. Kai 0th Oai Me Fire, Nam Dey Di Lang Water. Hun Nan Na Hem House, Man Gorai Goroi Lose Horse. Dau Moson MOBSU Chaino Cow. Ma-wan Cimma Cissa Methang Dog. Me-u-e Mousi AIu Meng Cat. Eai Dan Towno Bbogomi Cock. Peheta Hangse Taflanda Bhoka Duck. Ta Gorai Gada • . • ■ Ass. Ut . • > ■ .... Camel. Naokhan Dow Kow Bbo Bird. Paeka Thang Tbangbo Damai Go. KiUa Ja Chiba Cbanai Eat. B 172 ( 6 ) List of English words and phrases with their corresponds English. Assamese. Ahom. Ehampti. Sit Bah . . . Nang Langa Come Male • • • • Beat Dheksi • • • • Stand Chan .... Die Ti .... Grive Hansi .... Run Len • • > • Up ITpar ... Nu Kan Ian Near Ochar .. Khanpi Kan tah Who Kone Kanfreu mhikhixio And Aru Anbd Khun lang kao Yes Hai . . . Ghangnai Jdoh Down Teu Far Reu .... What Khamsang ■ ■ • • But No Fang - '. . . Before ' Nd Behind LangMng . . . - Why Khamfi • • • • If Fatta ■ • • • Alas Mi-mi A father Bopai et^ ... Lengpa Pan alang Two fathers Bopai duta ... Sang-pa Chhanga pan Fathers Bopii sakal ... Pa-bat Pdn khdn Of a father Eta bopair ... Pa-se Hang pan khan Of fathers Bopdi sakala r ... Pa-sambat Hdng pan khan To a father Eta hopdi lai ... Pa-mdn Hdng pan haon To fathers . Bopai sakala i lai ... Pa-saK Hang pan hdnt From a father Eta bopair p a.rd ... Pa-mdna Jd,n khd,n pena md From fathers Bopai sakala. r para . . . Pa-man bdte Jdu khdu pen ma A daughter Ji ejani .... Leng ning Ink Luk chdu Daughters Ji bilak ... Luk-ning-bat Luk chdu Of a daughter Ji ejanir . . . Luk-ning leng Hang luk ch^undikhdu ... Of daughters Ji bilakar ... Luk-ning-bat-se Hdng luk chau nai khdu ... To a daughter Ji ejani lai . . . Luk-ning leng-se Hdng kung luk chdu khdu Two daughters Dujani ji . . . Sang luk-ning Luk ying sangak From a daughter Ji ejanir para I ... Luk-ning leng-sewa Ndu luk chau ndi khdu . . . To daughters Luk-ning-bat-sed From daughters Ji biMkar pai 'd ..". Luk nirig bat sewd Ndu luk chdu nil kh^u ... ( 7- ) in Assamese, Ahom, Khampti, Aiton, Cackaree, Sojai, and MiJcir. 173 Aiton. 1 Caoharee. Hojai. Mikir. Englisli. Nangla Jo Khamba Minai Sit. Masa Phai Phaiba Bengnai Come. Pahaga Bubai Towba Chonnai Beat. Takuchan Grosongdong Songba. Thorn ai Stand. Tai Thaiba Thiba. Kithi Die. Hauma Ho Eiha. He Give. Lem Khatdong Khailong Karnai Eun. Liik la Sa Posow Atha Up. Kauoha Khathi Sampha. Adu Near. Kaune Shur Sen Mor Who. Khuncham Aru Aru Apar And. Chan Noonggo Gibi Ta . Tes. Keta-u Singgao Phokla Abel Down. Kaite Gojan Kejing Kehelo Far. Kechang Ma Sunang Pe What. Huncham Kintoo Pimifising Lahe But. Nangchau Noonga Nia Koli No. Ananna Siggongo Sugeeho kedoha Hafranghelong Before. Kallang Oonou Tanaha Nefi Behind. Kangchhang ne Mano Simune Kapee Why. . • ■ • Jodi Thikade Lahe If. Uiai uh pibaohangne . . . Hai hai Hai-hai Cheche Alas. Panlimg Khasi afa Baba sowse Enguro po . . A father. • ■ • • Khanoi afa Baba gini Dohoni po . . Two fathers. Patanglu Affa fore Baba row Aportu Fathefs. * J/ . . . • Affani Babani Apo Of a father. Affa foreni Baba rowni Apoato Of fathers. Hang-po-lung Affanen Bohantha Apale To a father. Hao-po-haon Affamono Boba rowtha Apo artule . . To fathers. Lai-po-lung Affaiya • Babani fereng Nepopeng . . From a father. Lai-po-hau Affa-forni-fry . . Babarow fereng Apo atumpen... From fathers. Chhau lung • • > • .... A daughter. Lukchhau nam • • ■ • .... Daughters. Lukohhau lung . . . ■ *• .... Of a daughter. LukoLhau kliau ■ ■ ■ ■ .... Of daughters. Hang-luk-chau .... .... To a daughter. Hang luk chau tang lung Puluk chhau pulang . . . .... .... Two daughters. . . • • .... From a daughter. .... To daughters. T-ai puluk chau tang • • • • From daughters. lung. ' 174 ( 8 ) List of English words and phrases with thei/r correspondmg words English. Assamese. Ahom. Ehampti. A good man Two good men Good men Of a good man Of good men To a good man To good men From a good man From good men A good woman Good women A bad boy A bad girl Good Better Best High Higher Highest A horse A mare Horses Mares A bull A cow Bulls Cows A dog A bitch Dogs Bitches Etd, bhal manuha Duta bhdl mSnuha Bhdl mdnuha bor Etd bhal mdnuhar Bhdl manuha borar Eta bhal mdnuhalai Bh£ manuha bUak lai .. . Eta bhal mdnuhar para . . . Bhal manuha bildkdr pard. Ejani bhal maiki Chikan mdiikibor Eta beyd lara Ejani bey4 choali Bhdl Am bhdl Bhalat kai bhal Okh Aru okhara Okhat kai okh Ghora et£ Ejani ghori GhordbiMk Ghori bildk Etd sdr garu Ejani gdi garu Bhdtara garubor Garu bor Kukur etd M aiki kukur ejani Kukur bor Maiki kukui bor Lang di kun Sang kun di Di kun bat Leng di kun-se Di kun-batse Leng di kun-sen Kun di batsen Leng di kun-sewa Di kun-batsea Funing di leng Di funing Luk leng chayd Luk ning leng chya Di Lung di Long sang di Ren Then ren Nuchyan Ma leng Mami Mabat Mami-bat Huba Mehn Hubd-bat Mehn-bat Sema Mesemd Semdbat Mesema-bat Kai aloni Mngo mdi Kalni chhang kang Phan ni khdu Kai aloni lango me Phanui khdu Hang kai ni mai Kang phanni khau mai Kai dloni nd,u Phanni hangui khau nd,n Meh kai ni piying An chen piying khau Todn mini lang Mini piying an lang Nioh Kiun kdngani Nile tUe te lang Chhongd Pha khun kdng chhonga Ohungna mdi chuag lang ma. Mah on lang Mdh dume langa Mah ne khdu Md,h dume khdu Ngd, pdi anlang Ngd dume lang Ngdn ndi khdu othang ... Dume lang khdu Mamdon Mah me lang Mdndi khdu Dume md nSi khdu ( 9 ) in Assamese, Ahom, Khani^ti, Aiton, Cacharee, Hojai, and Alton. Caoharee. Hojai. Mikir. English. Khunnikulang Khanoi-goham . . Sowsi euhon hamhee. . Mesen arlung .. A good man. Gaham manse Hamha suhon row . . Banghini mesen arlung. Two good men. Khunni kau .... ■ ■ • • Kadow kowa. . Good men. Khunni-kuli-kolang . . . Khase gohan mansein Hamha sikonsini . . Anut kemesen arlong. Of a good man. Khunni nena klia-um Gaham manseeni . . Hamba sihan rowsini Kemesen arlong Of good men. Hang khunni kulang Gaham manse lage • • • -• Anee mesent. . To a good man. Gaham manse ferra Lajukta mesen angoler. To good men. Hang khunni tang lung. Khase gaham ningas Kemiesen arlong pensy relong- ta. From a good man. Tiaipu khunni kulang .... From good men. Pijingane kolang . . . Gaham hurjao . . Anut kemesen apiso. A good woman. Miuni khao Khasihainagotho. . Tajukta mesen apiso. Good women. Lukhai kolang Lase haina gotho . . Aneet kahingo aosa. A had boy. Luk lau hau Lase hama jousa . . Anut kahigo krlosa. A bad girl. Ni uga Bar gaham Mesen Good. . . ■ « Be gaham Lame musut. . Better. Chhena-de Goozon Lame meeohat lang. Best. Chhau Bor goozon Kangtoi High. . . • • Be goozon Kangtaipar . . Higher. Chhong-te .... Bi kangtozpar Highest. Matu lang Khase ghorai Ajun losai ... A horse. Mame tulang Jo gorai Ajun losai api A mare. Mathuk nam Gorai fra Losai atum ... Horses. Mame nama Gorai hima Losai api atnm Mares. Buthuk lung Bolud musan Ajun . alowchi- nong. AbuU. Utme o-lang Gai-mosow Ajun chinong api. A cow. Utthok kung-lang ... Bhotora mosan . . Chinnung alow atum. Bulls. TJme kung lang Moosow hima. Chinnung api atum. Cows- IVTawan lung Saym jala .... Methan alow. . A dog. Mawan melung Sayma jo Methan api . . A bitch. Ma,wan kang lung ... Saytha fra Methan alow atum. Dogs. Mawan me kang lung Sayma jo fry Methan api atum. Bitches. 178 ( 10 ) List of English words and phrases with their correspondinff words Engliiih. Assamese. Ahom. Ehampti. A he-goat Etd motd chhdgali Fupenga leng Beji dume lang A female goat Ejani mdiki chh^gali Mipengd, leng Beydthaklang Goats Chh%aUbil£k Penga-bat Beyd nan khdu A male deer Etd motd pahu Tungifii leng Naong thak lang A female deer Ejani pahu Tungimi leng Nang dume lang Deer Pahu bHdk Tungi-bat Nangndikhdu I am May achho Eau-e ju Kdnmai ydngoh Thou art Apuni aehha Mou-eju Mdnjaoh He is He achhe Feu-man ju Man khdn yangongke We are Ami achho Eang-rau ju Duong mdi ong You are Tumi dchha Moule juse Man yang ong They are Teo bildk dchhe Feu-luk rang ju Kdnta ydng than I was May dchhilo Kau-e ju-mang Kant md yan Thou wast Apuni dchlule Mou-e ju-koi Matangjaoh He was Si dchhile Feuja-se Khang md ydn W^ were Ami achhilo Rang rau juman Duong mdiong You were Tnmr dchhila Moule ju-sakoi Mdu mayan They were Teo bilak dchhile Feu-luk rang-juse Khdn kang yang ong Be Hay Ju Jdo To be Habole Ju-man-se Jaoya Being Hai peMi Ju-klang Jaoyaoah Having been Haipelai Ju khan tang I may be May habo paro Kau ju-toi Kau pen ong I shall be May ham Kau-e bai-ju Kau pen ong I should be Habalage Kau-e folaiju Beat Mare Dheksi Pangke To beat Maribalai Dhekpasi Mi pang ke Beating Marichhe Dheksi Pang nam Having beaten Mara haipelai Dhekpasi lung I beat May marichho Kau-e dhek Kau pang ka ... Thou beatest Apuni marichho Moue dheksi Matangpangma He beats Teo marichhe Feu kon dhek Maupang ma We beat Ami marichho Bang rau dhek Dupang nam Tou beat Tumimdiiohha Mouledhek Mau'pungke They beat Sihate marichhe Feu luk dhek Khan pang ma yau I am beating May marichhe Kau-e dheksi dheksi Kau mai pang ma I was beating May marichhilo Kau-e dheksi lung I had beaten May marilo Kau-e dheksile Kau mai pang ma yau ... ( 11 ) tn Assamese, Akom, KAampfi, Alton, Cacharee, Hojai, and Mikir. 177 Alton. Cacharee. Hojai. Mikir. English. Pethuklung Bormafantha mase Bronjola mase Bailo eyan . . A he-goat. Pe me lung Burma bima manse Bronboojoo manse . . Biapi eyan . . A female goat. Phung-pe Borma fur Bronsi bangbie Biatum Goats. Nithuk-lmig Moifanthi mase . , Mijela masi Thiakals A male deer. Nime lung Moifanthi mase . . Mi boojoo Thoiapi A female deer. Kung ni Moifur Mi kabaug Thiokatnm . . Deer. Ka-ucha Aung noongo Ang jadoo Nephanjee . . I am. Mauna Noong moongo . . Noong jadoo Nangphanghon Thou art. Munacha Be noonga Boo jadoo Kali hala He is. Ha-uclia Jungphur noonga. , Netaplang- doonjiari. We are. GhHuna Noongee noonga . . Joong jadoo Nangtoplang- douon. You are. Mun khauna Aungh thathengmon Poonsi jadoo Kalonglo hala They are. Ka-u-jangcha Noong thathengmon Ang dangba Nedolo I was. .... Be thathengmon . . Namdi dangba Nang dol Thou wast. Munajam J ungphur thatheng- mon. Noong dangba Hala dolo . . He was. Hau tang lung jang . . . .... Joong dangba NelH dolo . . We were. Chhutang lung jang . . . Noongsur thatheng- mon. Namai rowdungba ! . Nangtnm dolo Tou were. Khau taka lung jang Besur thathengmon Poonisi doongbo Halatnm .dolo They were. .... Noomgo Jadoo Phanglo Be. .... Namais Jamah Eapo To be. .... .... Jakha Cee or see . . Being. .... .... Jakha Gee or see . . Having been. Kupi nuchang Aung jane hago . . Aug jafooree Netaplangton- gee. Ne-epo I may be. • .... Aung jagon Aug jamang I shall be. .... .... Aug jafooree Nedoijee I should be. .... Boo Doh Kochok Beat. . . • • Boono Toma Ghokjee To beat t Boonaiow Gho-pallo Beating. Boonaiow Gho-pallo Having beaten. Kau thuppa Aung hoonee Ne choknon . . I beat. Manpo Noong boo Nang choknon Thou beatest. Main-po Be hooro Halla choknon He beats. Hau thuppa Jung boonee Nellee choknon We beat. Ghliopama Noongsur boo Nangtum chok- non. Tou beat. Khau thopo Besur booro Hallatum chok- non. They beat. • • • a Aung boodung . . . Ne choklo . . I am beating. > • a • Aung boodungmon Ne chpktanglo I was beating. Aung boodungmon Ne choktanglo I had beaten^. 178 ( 13 ) List of English words and phrases with their corresponding Assamese. Ahom. Ebampti. I may beat I have beaten I shall beat I should beat I am beaten I was beaten I shall be beaten I go Thou goest He goes I went Thou wentest He went Go Going Gone What is your name ?. . How old is this horse ? How far is it. from here to Kasmir ? How many sons are there in your father's house ? I have walked a long way to-day. The son of my uncle is married to her sister. In the house is the saddle of the white horse. Put the saddle upon his back. I have beaten his son with many stripes. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill. He is sitting on a horse under that tree. His brother is taller than his sister. May mariba paro May marim May marila hate Mok marile May mara halo May mara ham May jao Apuni gaichhe Teo jae May gailo Apuni gaiohhile Teo gail Ja Jam Gal Tor ki nam Ei ghorar kiman bayas haichhe. lar para Kasmir lai kiman dur. Tor baperar gharat kiman lora aehhe. May aji bahu dur phuri ahilo. Tair chaniek more dadair puteke biya karichhe. Gharar bhitarat thakajin khanbaga ghorator hayne Jinkhan tar pithat de Tar putekak may bahut kob maricho. Si parbatar tingat garu charaichhe. Sei gachar talat si ghorat uthiohhe. Tar kakaek tar ohaniyk kai okh. Kau-e dheksiloi Kau-e dhek-boi Kau-e dhek-falai Kau-ke dheki Kau-ke dheksi-lung Kau-ke dheksipasi Kau-e ka Mou-e ka Feuka Kau-e paika Mou-e kase Feu ka-fai Ka Kafaile Ka-hau Moule su kham sang Ma tu pi le Tinai mung ban Kasmiri theureu. Moule paman ran luk chyang. Kau-e menai fai mung faiban. Kau-re du chau luk feu-le ning-nang ning kakan. Ma fak ankham ran khau Feu-le lang bai ankham khutsi. Fen doilung ru hukin nya Tun ten malang feu nang Feu-le nang-ning feu man ki lung nu. Kau pang pen ong « • • ■ Kau pang ma yahe Khau mai pang ma yau Kau mai pang ma yau Kau ka kao Mat jaumah Kang m^h K£u mah Matjankdi yao Mdukd yao Kd Kdld Kdydo Yang man kachang Anai mah ki achak thdn ong. Luksi nai Kasmir mai khan kdi. Hanpang mau mai luk an kha ratang. Kau mandaih tikai mai lechhi pang ka ma khun le pha. Nang chau man mai luk pang au kau au heo meh yau. Ong kana han mai naih anma phak naih yan ung ke. Au man oang kalang mau mai tah. Lukman ma ih kau jau thipa ya oh. Mau phang lang yik nae maih leng nga ong. Kanau hang nana man khi mah si ong yan. Piyai mdn lang chdu man mai kang chhong lang ma yan ( 13 ) in Assamese, Ahom, Khampti, Alton, Cacharee, Hojai, and Mikir. 179 Alton. Cachaiee, Hojai. Mikir. Gngliah. Kaup tipiuo Kau ken khawan Kau thopai Mau pai ma Mun paiga Kapaima Ma paima Mun paika Paiga Faiuka Paigao Chiuma ohiucliang Achhak-ma khelau lung ? XJthai hau .thung Kas- mir khelai lung ? Hunapa mau luen imang khelau lung ? Kauka tang kaima teho. Ptinung chau mun luk chai au kau pin hun. Lau hun naima kuk an mun jangna. Nulang muna kupana mun. Hang luk mun kau thuk hau. Nulae mun pai ning bu. Kun bulang tautun maiuang nungma. Hang nang ohau mun, nang chaimun khen chhang. Aung boonahago . . . Aung boogun Aungtho booio Aungtho boobai . . . Aungtho boogun ... Aungthangni Noong thang Be thangtheng ... Aung thangbai ... Noong thangbai ... Be thangbai Thang Thangdoong Thangoai Noonghi nowama now. Be goraia bosur pisa jadoong. Bainifry Kashmere basa gojan. Noongni noompa ni noton gotho khapsa dongo. Diniang nama gojan thabai bai. Angni fodoini ficho- dla bini binoxnow- fo boba kulambai. Goorai goofootui juna bai no dong. Binibi khwang jima khooai. Augbini fisajala ko ghanimai boobai. Be hojani sai awha moosowgoonedong. Bi bongfang singon gorai uthibai tha- dong. Bini bifunga bini bina nanildio goo- jan. Ne chokaon . . Ne chokjee . . Ne ohoknangpo Ne kachok . . Ne choklo Ne chokpo . . Ne dampo . ^ Nang dammon Haladamtanglo Ne damtanglo Nang dampo. . La damtanglo Da Dambomlo . . Damtanglo . . Nangmankopoo La losai ning- kan kowanlo. Ladakpen Kash- mere koando kahila. Ahen koando nang somar. Pinine kahilopar kafooridom. Naponoo aso asopi ponang kedo. Losai aklok jin halahem sido. La amoi jin arboongum. Ne labangso aso jasemet chuklo. Englong apo chaimning kebi dam. Hala thaughi abin losai atha ingnisoo sido. La amoo ang jirpiafanamoo dingmoo. I may beat. I have beaten. I shall beat. I should beat. I am beaten. I was beaten. I shall be beaten. I go. Thou goest. He goes. I -went. Thou wentest. He went. Go. Going. Gone. What is your name ? How old is this horse ? How far is it from here to Kasmir ? How many sons are there in your father's house ? I have walked a long way to-day. The son of my uncle is married to her. sister. In the house is the saddle of the white horse. Put the saddle upon his back. I have beaten his son with many stripes. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hiU. He is sitting on a horse under ' that tree. His brother is taller than his sister. D 180 ( 14 ) List of English words and phrases with their correspondvng words English. Ahom in Roman character. Khampti. The price of that is two rupees and a half. My father lives in that small house. Give this rupee to him. Take those rupees from him. Beat him well and bind him with ropes. Draw water from the well. Walk before me Whose boy comes behind you? From whom did you buy that ? From a shop-keeper of the village. Tar dam du taka ek adhuli hay. Mor bopai seito saru gharete thake. Eirup taka tak dibi Tar para seir up khini anibi. Tak bhalkai maribi aru jarire bandhi thubi. Nadar para pani tol Mor agat phur Tor pachhat kar lara ahichhe. Ear para seito kini lali . . Gaor eta beparir para Feu khat sang tak faleng Kau-le pa ran noy ju-se ... Feu-man tak leng housi . . . Feu se tak -bat Feu-man di dheksi anba feu-man si khat. Khum pen nam au Kau-le na khanpai khanma Kanai lukman moule khen- lang mase. Kon feu-bat mou ansu ankhrai, Mung ban katram ansu ... Thang man chhangta thuH ydn yd,n. Pung kan yd jau kan hang la ana na. Nga na tra nai md,n mdi hdtang dah. Lukman ma ih nga nanai khau aong ma dah. Pang mini oah khun lang kau chai phuka oai tah. Nam mang mai nam oak tah. Na kau mai ledah Kalang mau mau Ink kau laima. Luk kau mai an mau chhang ma kaL Mau mai lai pang pang ka dn lang na ih. ( 15 ) in Assamese, Ahom, Kkampti, Aiton, Cacha/ree, Hojai, and 181 Alton. Cacharee. Hojai. Mikii. English. Khan annai cKbang tahai thule. Binidama rupgotnai adlisa. Lahang son adur sika hini adobaug. The price of that is two rupees and a half. Fukai nTmn annai ... Augni afaia binour udniow thaio. Nepo hahemso sido. My father lives in that small hoiise. Ingima ennai hau hang mun. Bathakakho binaha • • • • Ladhun lapinne Give this rupee to him. U-eng nnmu mu-ina Bathaka frookhanta Lapen dhun Take those rupees anga. anem. from him. Hang mun pani nila auohhai huk ninila. Bikhan ghaminoboo didoong jung kha. Lachuk mesen, armi le cog- num. Beat him well and bind him with ropes. Unam -mo-tak-ma . . . Hakhuxnifra deg dikhang. Langtook penla taug ohugnum. Draw water from the well. Kai pang na Aungin sigang an thabai. Nefraug damun Walk before me. Kallang mau lu-an kaulema? Noongni tinow than- gnaia eini gotho. Naugfee mot aooso sinan- kidoom. Whose boy comes behind you ? • • • fl Siaifra bai nai Tmbaugso mot pensa nanka- nam. From whom did you buy that? Lai-poka thai kalang J emini dokhani sasinifora bai nai. .... * Eong agulot- pensa nang kenam. From a shop-keeper of the village. 183 CACHAEI LANGUAGE. Numerals. One Sei. Two ... Noi. Three ... Tham Four ... Bri. Five ... bL Six Ban. Seven Sim. Eight Sikho Nine Zat. Ten Zi. Zan-khai-ba. Twenty N.B. — There are no distinct words to express numerals above ten. There is however a collective word, " zan khai" = four ; which, when followed by two other numbers, is to be mul- tiplied by the former, while the second is to be added to the product so obtained. In this way the Cacharies can enumerate up to forty ; beyond which they resort to the practice of counting objects into separate groups of fire. Zan-khai-tham = four x three := 12. Zan-khai-tham-(sa) — tham = four x three + three =15. Prepa-sa implies men, e.ff,, sa-tham = three (men). Ma, lower animals, ma-tham = (goats). Mun, lifeless objects, mun-tham := bamboos. The vowels in the above words are all pronounced with a short, sharp, clicking sound, not at all easy to catch or to imitate. Pkonouns. Singular. Plural. Ang Ang-ni Ang-nan Ang-kho Ang-ni- phorai Ang-ni-on ... Nung Nung-ni Bi Bini I. Of me. To me. Me. From me. In me. Thou. Of thee, &c., &c. He. Of him, &c., &c. Zung phoor We. ni Of us. nan To us. phoor pho... Us. niphorai ... From us. ni-an In us. Nung-soor ... You. » )i ni Of you, &c., &c. Bi-soor ... They. » » ni ... Of them, &c., &c By means of these terminational affixes all personal pronouns, nouns, &c., are regularly declined in the genitive, dative, accusative, ablative, locative cases. The adjective, when combined with a noun, sometimes precedes, sometimes follows it ; but does not change its termination when declined, e.g. — A good man „„ Gaham-man -soi. Hair .. Khe-nai. Of a good man . .. Gaham-man- soi-ni. Mother .. Ai. To a good man . .. Gaham-man- soi-nan. Brother .. A-goi. Hand .. A-khai. Sister .. Bi-na-non. Foot . .. A-pha. Man .. Man-soi. Nose .. Gan-thung. Woman .. Uing zao. Eye .. Me gun. Head .. Khan-ran Mouth .. Kha-ga. Tongue .. Ta-lai. Tooth . Ha-thai. Belly .. Oo-doi. Ear .. Khoo-ma. Back .. Bi-khung. 184 ( 3 ) Iron ... Sir. Infant ... Male — ho-a-sa. Gold ... Hoo-na-der-lie. . Female — hing-za-sa. Silver ... Ror-pha-(roop). Daughter ... Phi-sa-zan. Sun ... Shan. Slave ... Banda (hindoo). Moon ... A-kha-phur. Cultivator ... Baiz-zen. Star ... Ha-thant-khi. Shepherd ... Go-ra-khezia, men-da- gooni-nan. Fire ... Ant. God ... Iswaree (hindoo), gan- Water ... Doi. thai-ya. House ... Nan. Devil ... Mo-dai. Horse ... Go-rai. Ass ... Go-rai-gum-boo. Cow ... Mo son. Camel ... Goi. Dog ... Soi-ma. Bird ... Dao, Cat ... Man zee. Egg ... Dao-de. Cock ... Don-la. Go ... Thang-nan. Duck ... Hang'Soopha-the. Eat ... Za-nan. Father ... A-pha. Sit ... Zan-nan. Wife ... Hing-zao. Come ... Phai-nan. Child ... Gan-than. Beat ... Boo-nan. Son ... Gan-than-ho-a-sa. Stand ... Gan-sung-nan. Die Thoi- nan. Give ... Han- nan. Run ... Khat -nan. These verbs are given in the Infinitive mood, the terminational aflSx of which is " nan" pronounced very short. The root of the verb as in the other aggluhuative languages under- goes no change in conjugation, combination, &c. Up ... Sa-o. Who ... Sur. Down ... Sing-ao. What ... Ma. Before ... Si-gang-ao. Why ... Ma-noo. Near ... Kha-the-ao. And* ... A-ru. Far ... Ga-zam. But* ... Khinto (kintoo). Behind ... Oo-nao. If* ... Zo-di. Yes ... Mungo. Alas* ... Hai? hai! No ... Mang-a. Decl] SNSIONS. A father ... Bipha. A man ... Man soi Fathers ... Biphaphoor. Men ... Mansoiphoor. Of a father ... Biphani. Two men ... Sa sei. Of fathers ... Biphaphooni. Good ... Gaham. To a father ... Biphanan. Better ... Gahamsin. From a father . . . Biphani phorai. Best ... Boi nan sari gaham sin A good man ... Ga-ham mansoi High ... Ge-zon. A good woman ... Gaham bing-zao-sa. Higher ... Gezon sin. * Theae words aie obviously coTTuptions of the Assamese forms in common use ; the Cscharies often aspirate an initial consonant in such cases, e. g. as above Ehintoo-kintoo ! ' ( 3 ) 185 Highest I am Thou wast He is "We You They I was Thou wast He was We were You were They were Be To be Being Having been I may be I shall be I should be To beat Beat Beating Having beaten I beat We beat Thou beatest You beat He beats They beat Horse Mare Hofses Mares Bull Dung. Dung man. . . Boi nan sari gezan sin. . . Ang, . . Nusy. .. Be. . . Zung phoor . . Nungsoor. . . Bisoor. . . Ang. . . Nung. .. Bi. . . Zung phoor. . . Nung soor. . . Bisoor. .. Za. . . Zanan. . . Zavanan. . . Zanan. . . Angza nan hagon. . . Ang za gun. .. Angza nan logiyazadung, . . Boo nan. . . Boo. . . Booni aio. . . Boo za nai. . . Ang boo dung. . . Zang phoor boo ding. . . Nung boo ding. . . Nung soor boo ding. . . Bi hooding. . . Bisoor hooding. . . Go rai. . . Cro rai bi ma, . . Go rai phoor. . . Go rai bi ma phoor. . . Mas son pa loo a. Cow Bulls Cows Dog Dogs Bitch Bitches He-goat He-goats She-goat She-goats A male dear A female dear Male deer Female deer I am beating I had beaten I shall beat I am beaten I shall be beaten. , I, was beating I may beat I should beat I was beaten Go Going i . Gone I go Thou goest He goes We go You go They go Mos son bi ma gai kindoo. Mas son ba loona phoor. Mas son gai phoor. Soi ma. Soi ma phoor. Bi ma. Soi ma bimaphoor. Boor ma sagla. Boor ma saglaphoor. Boor ma phanthi. Hoor ma phanthiphoor. Moi phan tha. Moi phan thi. Moi phan tha phoor. Mai phan thi phoor. Ang boo dung. Ang boo dung man. Ang boo gun. Ang boohoo dung. Ang boohoo nar za gun. Aug boo hi tha dung man. Ang boo nan ha gon. Ang boo nan logya dung man. Ang boo hoo dung man. Thang. Thang ni on nan. Thang bai. Ang thang ni dung. Bing thang dung. Bi thang dung. Zung phoor thang ni dung. Nung soor thang dung. Bi soor-thang dung. What is your name How old is this horse . . How far is it from here to Kashmir ? How many sons are there in your father^s house ? I have walked a long way to-day. . The son of my uncle is married to his sister Mung ni nao ma. Ber go-na ya bese boyas za dungo. Ber ni pherae Kashmir-ou be se. Nang ni mung nao ni non on be se bang phi saod-ta dung. Diniang gazan na ma tha bae bae. Ang nia-dae ni phi sad-tazabi nibi nanas-kho ba ba khan-na bae ta bae. 186 ( 4 ) In the house is the saddle of the white horse Put the saddle upon his back I have beaten his son with many stripes He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill ... He is sitting on a horse under that tree His brother is taller than his sister The price of that is two rupees ... My father lives in that small house Give this rupee to him ... Take those rupees from him Beat him well and bind him with ropes Draw water from the well Walk before me Whose boy comes behind you ? ... From whom did you buy that ? From a shop-keeper of the village... Bio tran on goo phootgo rae ni zim dang. Bini hi khang on zim ban. Ang bini phi sad-la kho gan bangor nan boo bai. Bi yan ha zor-sao moson gum dung. Bi yan bei bong phang sing as go rae ni- saouth-i-na noe tha-dung. Bini bigi ya bini bina-nao nan sangazan sindung. Bini da ma thae noe adlai sei. Ang in a pha ya bei un dae poe an thaio. Buthakha khobi-nau ban. Bei thakha phoor khobini phra eta. Biphoga bu-mai nau boi aru diding zung kha. Hakhor-ni phrae-dae kho di khang. Angni si gang on tha bai lang. Lurni gan than nung ni-oonoo phai gung. Nung bikho mao ni phrai bai na nyta dung. Garni nida khan ni phrae bai nai. MEMORANDA. The people known as Cacharies never speak of themselves under that name, but call themselves the "Boro," or more commonly " Boroni phisa/' «.e. children of the Boro ; but what idea may be conveyed by this term " Boro," I have never been able to ascertain. From long intercourse with the Assamese, the Cacharies have adopted many words of Sanskrit or Hindu origin ; but words so adopted always undergo certain changes in the mouth of a Caohari, e.g. — 1. Simple consonants are generally aspirated — " taka^' (rupee) becomes tha-kha ; " kin- too" becomes khin-thoo. 3. The sibilant letters, so common in Bengali, become very strong guttural aspirates, e.g., " sokol" (all) becomes hokhol. The prevalence of these gutturals becomes more marked in the neighbourhood of the mountains forming the northern boundary of Assam, the dooms lying at the foot of which are peopled mainly by Cacharies. The prevalence gutturaly among the people being near the mountains, or compared with the dwellers in the interior of the valley, is probably to be accounted for by the difference of climatic conditions, the same phenomenon being observed in other parts of the world, e.g. in the German of Hanover as contracted with that of Switzer- land. The limits within which the Oachari language is spoken have never been exactly determined ; but it is understood from a point west of Biznie (probably near Darjeeling) to the eastern extremity of the Assam valley. Eastwards of Sudze, throughout the whole of this district scattered Cachari communities exist. LIST OF WORDS AND PHRASES DIALECTS OF THE TIPPERAH, CHITTAGONG, CACHAR FRONTIER. la 18B ( 2 ) List of words and phrases showing dialects of the Engliah. Cachari. Garo. Tipperah Hill. Numerals. One Thaisa Cha Kysa Two Thaina Gali Konye Three Thaitham Q-atham Ka-htam Four Thaihre Bri Baroy Eive Thaiha Bonga Ba . Six Thairo Dof Dok Seven Thaisna Suii Tscinni Eight Chet Tohyt Nine Sokhu Tehiku Ten Sakhong Tehi Twenty G-ang Chiklnng Khul Fifty Biehagri Sokhung Kornai tehee Hundred Eachhatta Ra-ja-ha Pronouns. I Aug Auga Aong We Jongforno Changa Tchung Thou Nong Na Nung Ton Nongsomo Nasma Narowk He Bi Sang Anga Oha They Bisor Oamang Obarowk Mine, or me Augni Augni Our, or of us Jongfoni Suigni Thine, or of thee Naugni Nangni Tour, or of you Nongsorforni Nosmangni His, or of him Bini Wani Their, or of them Bisorui Wamaugni Mine Ainoe Our Tchini Thine Ninui Tour Narowkni His Binni Their Obarowkni Hand Akhye Jake Tak Foot Atheng Jafa Tak-pha Nose Xanthom Gongtheng Rung htai Eye Mogon Mokrong Makoy Mouth Khuka Khusuke Baku Tooth Hatai Wagam Bu-a Ear Khama Nashel Kun-ju Hair Xhanai Khinni Ka-nai ( 3 ) Tipperah, Chittagong, and Cachar Frontier. 18P Lnshai (of Chittagong Hills ). Khumi (of Chittagong HiUs). Mro (of Chittagong Hills). Mugh of Chittagong. English. Pakat Ha Leux a a Toi One. Pa-ni Nue Preh a a Nhoi TWOa Pa-tam Toom Choom a a SOOng Three. PaU Pellue Tullee a a Ley Four. Pa-nga Pang Tunga . . Grnah Five. Pa-rok Turro Turro Khrow Six. Pa-tsa-ri Sherrue Hvunne en . . TChonoi Seven. Pa-ri-ek Taiya Eiya a a Shu Eight. Pa-kwa Tnkkor Tiikkoo a a Eoh NinCa Tschom Ho HumoQ] a . Tchay Ten. Tsohom-ni Apoom Pirmee a . Nhoi tchay Twenty. Iscliom-nga Ooipang Ngakon 1 . . Gna tchay Fifty. Ja Kioongwie Kom . . Ta-ra Hundred. Koyina Kai Ang a. Gna I. Koyma-ho Kai cliey Ang eei 1 . . Gna (roh or dok) . , We. Nangma Nang ' En . a Sang Thou. Nangma-ho or ni . Nang cliey En een a . Nang You. Ama Hoo Paimee .. Soo He. Ajnani Hooni chey Haikub( Da a . Toh-soo-roh Gna-ay They. Mine, or me. • • a a Gna-roh-ay . Our, or of us. a a ■ a . . . . Sang-ay Thine, or of thee. a a a a Nangay Tour, or of youa a a a a Sooay His, or of him. a a a a Soo-doh-ay Their, or of them. Koyuia-ta Gna ay Mine. Koyma-lio-ta Qua-roh-ay Our. Nungma-ta Sangay Thine. Nowkma-lio-ta . . Nangay Tour. Ama-ta Soo-ay His. Mi-ta Soodohay Their. Kut Koo Rod a a Lak Hand. Ke Kow Kopa . . Khree Foot. Nak NotuiTung Nakong . a Nakhong NOSOa Mith Mey Meen a a Mea-tsee Eye. Mel Lubbong Nor a a Kha-nang Mouth. Ha Ho Teung . . Soa Tooth. Beng Kunnong Purram a . Nah Ear. Tscham Sham Cham . a Chien-bang Haix. 190 ( 4 ) List of words and phrases shiwing dialects of iki English. Cachari. Garo. Hill Tippetah. Head Khoro Shokha Ba-kro Tongue Shalai Sra Tsalai ..r Belly Udi Ok Baho ... Back Bikhom Ba-kung ... Iron Chor Chhil Tsur ... Gold Hona Shona Rangaja ... Silver Eupa Eupa Eupai ... Father Apha Bapa Amon ... Mother I I Apa ... Brother Ada Ada Ditto (elder) (Elder) Ata ... Ditto (younger) ... (Younger) Amphai yung .. Sister Binanao Ahi Aibi .•• Man Manshai Manda Bro • •« Woman Hinjao Jake Bruie ..» Wife Augni Hinjao Jake Bihi ..* Child Kotho Doh Ba-tsala r.> Son Phisa Manda Pisla Batsa • ■• Daughter Phisa Hinjao Miehik Bisha Ba-tsa-juk • *« Slave Golam Nokhol Isileng ■ at Cultivator Choklam Naj ane Batal Shepherd Qxirkhia Eakhol God Ishar ' Ishor Matai ■ ■> Devil Mudai Buraha matai • ■ t Sun Chand Chal Tsal ... Moon Okhahor Jah lal ... Star Atorki Aski Atukroi ... Fire Ot Wol Hor • >* Water Dai Si Toey • t< House No Noke Nok • •■ Horse Tangna Ghorai Gura Eori ... Cow Gai Mukhao Masha Masoo ... Dog Chaina Achake Tsoey • ■• Cat Monji Mango BHlai ..> Cock Toajla Tow-la • •■ Duck Hongso Dagop Tow-kom • •• Ass Gadha Salja Camel ut TJt Bird Dow Dow Toksa ... Go Thang Oaugho Thangdee ■ •• Eat Jab Chhaho Tchadee • •• ( 5 ) Tipperah, Chittagong, and Cachar Frontier. — (Continued.) 191 Iiushai (of Ohittagong Hills). Khumi (of Chittagong Hills) . Mro (of Chittagong Hills). Mugh of Chittagong.. English. Lo Loo Loo Gong Head. Le Pellai Die Shea Tongue. Piim Kuyow Moong Wyn Belly. DnTn-le Neetoom Koom Nouwkoon Back. Thir Tamong Longha Syn Iron. Sona Miikkoo Koo Rhooe Gold. Tanka-boan Tunka Tunka Gnoay Silver. Ranu Ng-ai Apha Apha Father. Eapa Ng-oi A-oo Ahmee Mother. Tsapni . .... .... Ahpa Brother . . ■ • Yai A-tai .... Ditto (elder). . . . • Beux Now-ma Ahko Ditto (younger). Pha.mu Toieho Toama Nhama Sister. Mi Koomi Mro Do Man. Kraaitscier Nongpui Muchcheewa Mama Woman. Nowpui Ayoo Muohohee Mayah Wife. Nao Dongdee Ngiowa Soognay Child. Phapa Chennow TJngcha Sha Son. Sarini Ohennue Ungchumma Samee Daughter. Boi Mushong Nar Euen Slave. Nga-tok-mi Hlawo Ohairwa Ley-loop-sah Soh-gwn-sah Oultivator. Shepherd. Rawvang or patien .... .... Phovah God. ■ ■ ■ ■ Na Na Nat tcho Devil. Ni Kunnee Oha Neeng Sun- Ha Hlo Ama T^a Moon. Axshey Kashee Kreh Kray Star. Moey Hmai Mai Mee Fire. Tui Tooi Tooi Eee Water. Een Eem Keem Eing House. Isakur Kong-o Kor-nga Mrang Horse. Isopey Shirar Chirma Noa Cow. Ui Ooi Kooi Khwee Dog. Jawtey Mingcheux Mar Krong Oat. At Eong A-looi Waklang Krakpa Oook. Varak EiiTTipie Oompie Bey Duck. .... .... .... Mrey Ass. .... .... .... Kolaoopa Oamel. Sava Tawoh Wah Gnhak Bird. Eul-rok Takoh Koimang Lalee Go. Oi-rok Cho Cha Tchah Eat. lb 192 ( 6 ) List of words and phrases showing dialects of the English. Cachari. Garo. Hill Tipperah. Sit Job Asangbo Atsowkdi Come Phai Mri Phaidi • • Beat Bugone Budi . , Stand Kosong Ghhadeb Bachadi , , Die Haibai Shib Thoydi , , Give Ho Walob Eudi .. Run Khat Khat Chakhadobo Khaido .. Tip Sao Khasaf Tsaka .. Near Khathio Safang Tsampa , , Who Chorbilai Chaora Sabho .. And At Abong Tarey . . Yes Naugo Angbha Down Singao Nang Khama , . Ear Gojan Sola Hakchal , ^ Wliat Ma Mai khoto cham Toma , , But Bangai Kintu Asikley .. No Nanga Ougja Arey-pa , , Before Sagan Khamba Sikong • ■ Behind Yagul , , Why Mano Maina Tomana .. If Jodi Oda Alas Hai Eai Hani A father Afa Khasa Cha afa Apa Of a father Afanis Bapami Apa ni .. To a father Afano Bapaky Apa na .. From a father Afanefrai Baparoni Apa-ni-tinnee .. Two fathers Thama Afa Goli afa Krok-nyeapa .. Fathers Afa far Afa amna Apa-song .. Of fathers Afa manimi Afa amnani junoke Apa-song-ni .. To fathers Afa mamas Afa aumna abo Apa-8ong-na .. From fathers Afa fannifri Afa nitho abora Apa-song- ni-tini A daughter Khasa phisa hinjas Chamisik bisa Basajuk Of a daughter Phisa hinjas khasani Misik bisani Basajuk-ni .. To a daughter Phisa hinjaoni khasano . . Mishiky bisaniky Basajuk-na • • From a daughter Phisa hinjaoni fri Mishiky bisanikara Basajuk neetini Two daughters Haina phisa hinjas Gali mishik bisa Basajuk konye or krok- nye Daughters Phisa hinjas far Mishik bisamaugni Basajuk song ..' Of daughters Phisa hinjas mansar Mishiky bisasidaugni Basajuk-song-nee .. To daughters Phisa hinjas manno Mishiky bisaniky maugni Basajuk-song-na 4 From daughters Phisa hinjas fanifri Mishiky bisamaugnara . . Basaj uk-song-ni-tini A good man Grhamansi khasa Mandanama Bro kaham 1 ( 7 ) Tipper ah, Chittagong, and Cachar Frontier. — (Continued.) Lushai (of Chittagong Hills). Khumi (of Chittagong TTills). Mro (of Chittagong Hills). Mugh of Chittagong. English. Htu-rok Teux Chum Toing Sit. Horok Ngy-yow Wang La Come. Bedrok Pukkow Tep Syt bao Beat. Dmgrok TJndoh Young Eyt Stand. Ti-rok Deux Kung-kai See Die. Pey-rok Poeih Peh Pee Give. Tlandrok Lenx Peuf Bree Eun. Tsaka Hooling-bang Choot-koi Atak Up. Tlunga Kung-sha Athon Anee Near. Tu Meemo Miacheux Asoo Who. Dang Wai Awai Ley gong And. Ni Nain Na Hootaj Yes. Tiling lam Ka-hlong-wa Kuddiinr Owkma Down. Hla Kumlo-wa Alama Awee Fax. Engey Atee-mo Tong-cheux Jahley What. .... Nuhai Alowey Tho tbawley But. Ni-loh Na-eux Na-dcfii Mahoop No. Amasa Mowa Poorgoei Eheega Before. Miingloi Neytoon Koong-koeih Howk-a Behind. Enga Tenea-mo Tomboka Japrylo Why. .... Beleux Punneux Hliang If. Ajiley Ng-ayiex Apa-oh Alas. Eapa Ai-harey Apa-leux Apa tayouk A father. Kapa-ta Ai-meux Apa-ga A pa tayoukay Of a father. Kapa-vang Ai-do Apa-do Apa tayoukgo To a father. Kapa-hneyna Ai-bang-e Apa-heun Apa tayowkga From a father. Kapa-hni Ai-nurerey Apa-preya Apa nhoiyao Two fathers. Kapa-ni Ai-umpo Apa-komma Apa mea Fathers. Pa-ni-ta Ditto Ditto Apa mea ay Of fathers. Kapa-ho-Tang Ditto Ditto Apa-mea-go To fathers. Kapa-ho-hneyna . . Ditto Ditto Apa-mea-ga From fathers. Sarau. Chenneie-havey . . Obumma-leux Same-ta-yao A daughter. Sarnu-ta Ditto Ditto Same-ta-yas ay . . Of a daughter. Samu-vang Ditto Ditto Sametayas-go To a daughter. Samu-hneyna Ditto Ditto Sametayas-ga From a daughter. Sarnu-pahnit Ditto Ditto Same-nhoi-ya-o . . Two daughters. Sarnu-ho Ditto Ditto Samu-meah Daughters. Samu-ho-ta Ditto Ditto Samee-meahay . . Of daughters. Samu-ho-vang Ditto Ditto Samee-mean go . . To daughters. Samu-ho-hneyna. . Ditto Ditto Samee-meah-ga . . From daughters. Nu-hta Khumi-hoi Mro-yoong Loogongtayas A good man. 194 ( 8 ) List of words and phrases showing dialects of the English. Caohari. Garo. Hill Tipperah. Of a good man Ghamansi khasani Mandanama ninoky To a good man Khasa ghamansano Mandanama namshong ... From a good man . . . Khasa ghamansi fri Mandanamani Two good men Thaina ghamansi Gali mandama Brokaham kroknyne Good men Ghaimansi far Mandanam lijat Brokaham rowk Of good men Ghamansi manni Manda namli gukhaky baw Brokaham rowkni To good men Ghamansi manno Manda nama gnniakho ... Brokaham rowkna From good men Ghamansi fanni fri Manda namli Brokaham rowkni tine ... A good woman Gham hinjai khasa Manda namni jaky Brine kaham A bad boy Khasa hama gotto Manda hisa namja Batsa hamya Grood women Ghani hinjas far Ani choknamah Brine raham rouk A bad girl Khasa haina phisa hirijo ... Manda bisha namja Shikla hamya Good Gham Nama Eaham Better j-Gham far ••• < Nama Tarey raham Best Nambia J ■ • • High Sao Chua Kachuk Higher Highest } Sao far - | Dano Changro bia Tarey kachuk Ahorse Masa ghorai sangua Gura Korai tchala A mare Masa ghorai sangui Gura bima Korai-bruie Horses Ghorai tangua far Gura sadaug Korai-rouk Mares Ghorai tangau far Khonong Korai-bruie rouk AbuU Masa damra mokhow Mashu Masuk tchala A cow Gai mokhow Mashu Masukma BuUs Damra mokhow far Khanang Masuk tchala rowk Cows Gai mokhow far Arbima Masukma rowk A dog Saima bangra Ashoky bima Tsoey-la A bitch Saima bangri Ashakybima Tsoeyma Dogs Bangra far Ashak bima, bang Tsoey-la-rowk Bitches Bangri far Ashay bima bikan jamakha Tsoey-ma-rowk A he-goat ,;. Masa borma ehhagla Daboky bifa Puin-jua A female goat Masa borma fanti Daboky bima Puin-ma Goats Borma ehhagla far Dabok rang Puin-rowk A male deer Masa mui fanti Mashoky bifa Matsoi-tchala A female deer Masa mui fanti Mashoky bima Matsoi-ma Deer Mui fanti Mashok rang Matsoi-rowk I am Aug domo Anga galong Aong-tongo Thou art Naug domo Nakho gilang Nung-tongo He is Bi domo Oa galang Oba-tonga We are Jang forni domo Singa galang Tchung-tongo ( 9 ) Tipperah, Chittagong^ and Cachar Frontier. — (Continued.) 19.^ Lushai (of Chittagong Hills). Khumi (of Chittagong HUls). Mro (of Chittagong Hills). Mugh of Cliittagong. English. • • ■ • ■ • • • Of a good man. « ■ ■ • • • ■ • . . • • .... To a good man. — .... . • • • .... From a good man. Mi-pahnit-hta Long-nure-hoi ... Mro yoong preya .. Loogong nhoiyao . Two good men. M"i-hta-ho Khumi-boi Mro yoong Loogong meah . . . Good men. Mi -hta-ho-ta » • • • • • • ' q Loogong meahay . . . Of good men. Mi-hta-hb-vang . . . • ■ • • .... Loogong mea-go ... To good men. Mi-hta-ho-hneyna .. • ■ • ■ .... Loogong mea-ga ... From good men. Honaitsoier-hta , . . Nong-pui-hoi Muchchee yoongleux Meemagong-tayao A good woman. Nowpany-hta-lo ... Chennow-hoi-eux. . Ngia-woa yoon^ dcei Loobeasheay-tayao A bad boy. Hmaitsoier-ho-hta .. Nong-pui-hoi Muohohee yoongleux Meemagongmeah . . . Good women. Hmatsoier-tey-hta-lo Nong-piii-oheux- Ung ehumma Toho than meema A bad girl. hoi-eux yoong dcsi gneay tyao Ahta Ahoi Toong Akong Good. • • • • Noihoi Mummeela yoong. . . Salo akong r Better. LBest. ■ • • ■ Hoi-nahoi Toong-ma Akong tohoon Atehoi Ashinag Akvo-ma Amrang High. Hoo-tlong-ashiang.. Mummeela akvo ma Salo Amrang e Higher. 1 Highest. Hoo-ashiang-be ... Kong kong kro ... Amrang tohoon . . . Tsuk-kuT Kong-o Kor-nga Mrang-tagong A horse. Tsuk-kux-nu Kong-o-noo Kor-nga-ma Mrangniatagong ... A mare. Tsuk-kur-ho Kong-o-bang Kor-nga komma ... Mrang-meah Horses. • ■ • • Kong-o-bang Kor-nga komma ... Mrangma-meah ... Mares. Tohofey-tsal-ho ... Sheera puttai Chealla Noadee-tagong ... A bull. Tchofey-nu Noo Cheama Noama-tagong . . . A cow. Tchofey-tsal-ho ... Noo bang Cheama komma ... Noadee-meah Bulls. Tohofey-nu-ho Noo bang Cheama komma ... Khweedee tagong . . . Cows. TJitsal Ooi Kooi Khweema tagong. . . A dog. TJi-nu • • • • .... Khweema tagong... A bitch. Ui-tsal-ho .... .... Khwee meah Dogs. TJi-miho .... • • • • Khweema meah . . . Bitches. Kel-pa Me-e Eoala Teikbo tagong ... A he-goat. Kel-nu Me-e-noo Eoama Tseikma tagong ... A female goat. Kel-ho Me-e-bang Eoama komma ... Tseikmeah Goats. Tsaki-pa Takee Ng-kee Darey thee tagong.. A male deer. Tsaki-nu Takee noo Ng-keema Dareyma tagong . . . A female deer. Tsaki-ho Takee bang Ng-komma ' ... Darey Deer. Koyma-om Kai om Ang-wey Gnah heerey I am. Nangma-om Nang om En wey Sang heerey Thou art. Ama om Hoo om Mro wey Soo heeiTey He is. Roymanee-om Eaicheyom Angeen wey Ghnorok heerey ... We are. 1 c 196 ( 10 ) lAst of words and phrases showing the dialects of the English. Cachari. Garo. '^ Hill Tipperah. You are Nongsorni domo Darongara galong Narowk tongo They are Bisor domo Mui galong Obarowk tongo I was Aug demon Singa yalang cham Aong-tong-kamo Thou wast Nong domon Galang cham Nung-tong kamo He was Bi domon Oa galang cham Oba-tong-kama We were Jonforui domon Galangcham Tcahung-tong kamo Ton were Nangsorui domon Naia galangcham Narowk-tong kamo They were Bisor domon Oabaha galangcham Obarowk tong kamo Be Nongo Hangaonga Una To be Jananong dong Hangaonga Ungnee Being Jananong dong Nang Ungo Having been Nang Ungotsey I may be Angnongo Siagaonguama I shall be Augjaghon Augaonguaumam Ungwano I should be Augjaghon Augaonguaumam Beat Bemi Dokop Bu To beat Bemi Dokop Bunani Beating Buidong Dokai Bu-o Having beaten Buidong Dokaoham Bu-ey I beat Aug buni Singadokna Aong-bu-o Thou beatest Nong buni Nadokor Nang-bu-o He beats Bibuni Oadoka Oba-bu-o We beat Jongfomo buni Singadoknahoi Tchung-bu-o You beat Nonsorno buni Nasomang dokob Narov^k bu o They beat Bisor buni Oamang doka Obarowk bu-o I am beating Augbunidong Singa dokai I was beating Augbunain Augadokaeham Aong bu kamo I had beaten Augbudong I may beat Augbuna Hogon I shall beat Augbugon • Augadokanom Aong bu ano I should beat Ditto Augadokanom I am beaten Augbujadong Auga jagenman Aong-bu-jak-o I was beaten Augbaja domon Augadoka khanacham . . Aong-bu-jakamo I shall be beaten Augbujaghon Auga jagen maulam Aong bu jakano I go Augthangna Singa Angloha Aong thangni hna Thou goest Naugthang Naiangho Nung thangni hna He goes Bithang Oaang chong Oba thangni hna I went Augthangdomon Singa aonghachem Aong thang kha ( 11 ) Tipperah, Chittagong, and Cachar Frontier. — (Continued.) 197 Lushai (of Chittagong Hills). Khumi (of Chittagong Hills). Mro (of Chittagong Hills). Mugh of Chittagong. English. Nungmanee-om .. Nangohey om Euee wey Mangrok heerey . . You are. Amanee-om Hooniohey om Kubhoa wey Tosoorok heerey . . They are. Royina-om-don . . Kai kuchehey Aug wey beux G-nahee poorey . . I was. Nungma-om don . . Nang kuchehey . . Eu wey beux Sanghee poorey . . Thou wast. A ma om-don Hoonai kaoheboh . . Pamiee beux Soohee poorey He was. Roymanee on don Kaiohe kachehoh , . Aug-een beux Q-norokhee poorey.. We were. Nungmani om dom Nangche kachehoh.. En-een beux Nangrokhee poorey Tou were. Amanee om don . . Hboniche kachehoh Kuhboa beux Tosoorokhee poorey They were. Non-tramlatavee . . .... Prythey Be. ^ Om Wey Pryfo To be. Not tramlatavee . . .... Pry heerey Being. .... , Eux Wey boh Pry roay Having been. Kaibeleuxomeux. . Aug woy boh wey Gnapry Rong pry- mey. I may be. Kai om kuhhon . . Aug dumg Q-n prymey I shall be. Not translavee .... Grnapry po heerey .. I should be. Vel Pukkow Tep Bao Beat. Veltur Pukkow che Kuttep ba Baopo To beat. Avelta Pukkow hoh Te-tukkreux Baonerey Beating. Vel-in Pukkow hon Tep-tukkreux Baoroay Having beaten. Royma-vel ■ ■ ■ • .... Q-nahao they I beat. Nungma-vel Sang bao they Thou beatest. A ma vel Soo bao they He beats Royina,ni-vel Gnorok bao they . . We beat. Nungmani vel . . Nang bao they . . Tou beat. Amanivel Soodo-bao-they . . They beat. Koyma velta Nga-bao-neerey . . I am beating. Koyma avel don-ta Nga-bao-neelerey . I was beating. .... Nga-baole-poorey . I had beaten. Kai pukkow piyow Aug-ya-tep Nga-bao-rong- baomey. I may beat. Royiua vel don . . Kai pukkow neuh . . Aug kuttep-beux . . Ngabaomey I shall beat. .... Non translatavee . . .... Nga baopp heerey . I should beat. • . . « Kai pukkow Aug kai tep tunkai Nga abaokhynrey . I am beaten. .... Kai pukkow Aug kai tep tunkai Nga abaokhynbrey I was beaten. Kai pukkow mo uma eux. Uttep ang beux . . Nga abaokhynra- eemey. I shall be beaten. -Koyma akul Kai ungyo kucho . . Ang wang beux . . Nga lah rey , I go. Nnngma rul Nang En wang beux Sanglahrey Thou goest. Am a akul Hooni Paunee wang beux Soolahrey He goes. Roymanilta Kai ungwe both . . Angkoikreux .. Gnalah Rheerey . . I went. 198 ( 13 ) List of words and phrases showing the dialects of the jBngliBh. Cachari. Garo. Hill Tipperah. Thou wentest He went Go Going Gone What is your name? How old is this horse ? How far is it from here to Kashmir ? How many sons are there in your father's house ? I have walked a long way to-day. The son of my uncle is married to his sister. In the house is the saddle of the white horse. Put the saddle upon his back. I have beaten his son with many stripes. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill. He is sitting on a horse under that tree. His brother is taller than his sister. The price of that is two rupees and a half. My father lives in ihat small house. Give this rupee to him Take those rupees &om him. Nangthangdomon Bithangna Thang Thangnonangon Thangdon Nangninamama ? Baghoria basa boikho jodong ? Banafri Kashmir basa gojan ? Naugani nong fanninon fisa jala khapsadom P Augna bhini gobaugnama thahaidong. Augniodin fisa jala rabini- bina nokhon hoba khalam- dom. Nouno ghorai guformi jini dongo. Bini bikhoao jin hu Augnobini fisa jalaklon busa karbai. Bis hajo thinagho kumai- dong. Bishibangfang sinao ghorai chao jodong, Bini bina naona thora bida jousan. Bini dama thainai khassa Augna afara hino uda thaio. Bataka binahu Bataka frakon bini fri la . Na aongchama Soambo Eangbo Eangha Eangha Nangbimamai ? Eagura baita bolchi ? Ani inkhal baita chala Kashmir bunaba? Nangfa innoko baita golangdicha ? Anga bohut hoaman Adni maachadana dachhia Unjakho ahi. Noke gurain khochha fo jin golang Madangja. Jimkho gubainjang golga- thop. Oali miachba bishaks doks biha. Oa nabomo mash rakhia . . Oa bolnama khamo gura gokha daiong donga. Oni adathan nogpan ujan bata. Ani daina fo baina Oomoke biohas baba thua Oathang khako ona oangho Oa gamoke udugui unthang hareba. Nung thangkha Oba thangka Thangdee Thango Thangkha Nine ba nung toma ? Ba rorai bursi ba shuk unkha? Aroni by Kashmere bashuk tchal ? Napa nokwa batsatchala krok basuk tong ? Aong tini tchawha hak- tchal hinkha. Aini mamani batsala obin bibi juk na bihi lakha. Obani batsalana bacham bacham rujey-bu-kha. Bini bibi jukni salai ba phaiyung tchuwo. Bini baseng rang rowk nai matsa ong-o. Obanok shite apani rok tsey. Obana ba rang row ha rude Obani-tini rang jata tsey ladi. ( 13 ) Tipperah, Chittagong, ana Cachar Frontier. — (Continued.) 199 Lusliai (of Cbittagoug Hills). Khumi (of Chittagong Hills). Mro (of Chittagong Hills). Mugh of Chittagong. English. NuDgma rulta Ama kulta Kuldrok Kul-don-ta Eulta Nungma eugmi "gey ? Hee sukkur rum engja ngeyani ? Heta-om-in Kash- mere enja ngey- hla? Nungma pa eem-a- fa pha-eng-ja ngey om? ( Voina Eoyma akul chuk-em kahata. Eoyma kapa-plia ama famu nopwi anei ta A ma pha royma vel tochyemtin. Flang pi-a tsalai alenta. Hting hpoya atuh reynta. Ama tsapwi samu ai tsow jowk. Ama mun takhaley ardali mun. Roymakapa tsaw een tey-a-om. Tanka ama pey rok Ama hneyna .tanka ho larok. Nang ungwe boh . . . Honi ungwe bqli ... Tukko Tukko We-boh Nang amcein mee mo? Hee kongo sbinnee maeye vimmon? Hee Kashmir keux rummang pullo- pie? Umpo eem ma cheimou ma yere omoh? Wai nee pullo pai kai puwai. Kai muprang chen- now ayoo la hooni e toicho. Eeru ma (no word for saddle) kang- loong kong-o. (No word for sad- dle) hack is neetoon. Hooni e chennow kai pukkow nung nung. Moi sheUoo tey-cha- pey paino. Hooni ungteux kong klunga hood- ing keng akooya. Hooni yai toicho klonga ashiang om. Hee nahai wang clap nurey aduUi om. Kai rig-ai hoo eem oho om. Hee tunka hoonai pceih. Hoonai tunka thoui tayeux lo. Eu koi kreux Paimee koi kreux... Kamang beux Kamang beux Kamang kreux . . . En meeng mia cheux ? Mummee kornga enning moonka cheux? Mahoom Kashmir moonkha cheuxla ? Enpah keem la koi moomia cheux ? TJnnee alia koeih unguUen. Ang turrang cha chong mushee paunee toa ma. Kum koi kornga. akan Back is koom (no word for saddle). Mro cha koi aug augtep kong kong. Ohoo-ke e pey uacha Mro chum kornga lookai pai shindaw e. Mro atai toa ma sharumkrow wey. Mummee choom prilap unqui wey. Ang pa paikeim chum cha pawey. Mummee tunka paunee keux peh. Paya tunkah mro tood e poh. Sanglah Rheerey Soolah Eheerey Lah Lah neerey Lah bea Nangnamey jaley ? Dey mrangasak mea loathee bea ley ? Deharoiga Kasmere go mea laowee reley ? Nangapa eingma sah meayao heerey ley? Nga go neing lien amea rao yaong lakheerey. Naaooree sahma soo nhoima go nee joirey. Mrangphrooma koongnee eingtey ma heerey. Koongnee go mrang takma tang. Q-qa soosah go akheak amea bao ley bea. Sootong takma no a keong neerey. Toh apang owma soo mrang tak-ka tieng neerey. Soo-oiko soo nhoima tak awi rheyrey. Toh ooehor apo- tienga nhoipra Ehoay. Toh eingsheay ma gna apa weing- rey. Soog-o-deh tienga peeloi. Toh teinga ahtee go soo baga yooloi. Thou wentest. He went. Go. Going. Gone. What is your name ? How old is this horse ? How far is it from here to Kashmir P How many sons are there in your father's house ? I have walked a long way to-day. The son of my uncle is married to his sister. In the house is the saddle of the white horse. Put the saddle upon his back. I have beaten his son ' with many stripes. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill. He is sitting on a horse under that tree, His brother is taller than his sister. The price of that is two rupees and a half. My /father lives in that small house. Give this rupee to him. Take those rupees from him. 1 d 200 ( 14 ) List of words and phrases showing the dialects of the English. Cachari. Garo. Hill TipperaU. Beat him -well and bind liim with ropes. Draw water from the well. Walk before me Whose boy came be- ' hind you ? From whom did you buy that ? From a shop-keeper of the village. Bighon ghama bunana duruong jong khasna nadong. Bahakoni fridai thang . . . Augni khugao thabailong Nongui, nuao, chhorni fisa jala fidong ? Anni fri bikho ? Gamini dokani gori in Nama dokur bhagichaklah Sia kolsi khobs Augni mokhangha amih .. Nashmang jamanoo chanda habiba ? Banuikhababa nakna aba ? Chang chafsa briba Obana kamkey bu wey badu by khadee. Aini sikong a hindi Nini yagula sabhoni batsa- la phai ? Nung sabho ni tini pai ? Parani dukan ni tini pai ( 15 ) Tipper ah, Chittagong, and Cachar Frontier. — (Concluded.) 201 Luahai (of Chittagong Hills). Ehnmi (of Chittagong Hills) Mro (of Chittagong Hills). Mugh of Chittagong. English. Amakha vel tschem rok-hnangin hny rok. Tui pin a (river) twi tschoyrok. Koyma nen kul dun drok. Nugnma hnunga tu now pang ngeyni ? Tu tangey lei ? Ama rua bejrpari ta alei. Hooni ai nung nung pukkow noomou koi akkom. Tooi angom adoon tang beux. Kai 6 mowa tukko. Nang 6 naitoo na tukko nai leux mee ee chennow nah ? Hoc nahai mee tay wann moh. ? He awaun dokan she waunahai. Paimi ke kong kong teba tomma leng hai. Tooi kwam nuttung tooi. Aug poor ke e mang En koonge amia cha cha mang mee ? Paya mee ke e amia tood e choh erana ? Kooa kcei ka dookain ke e arana. Soogo krakroi bao- bea kroma khieng. Eee dwangga ree- gnang. Gnarheega lah Nang naoka asso sah lareyley ? Toh oooha go nang asso baga woay rey ley? Roama tchoing say tayao baga. Beat him well and bind him with ropes. Draw water from the weU. Walk before me. Whose boy comes be- hind you ? From whom did you buy that ? From a shop-keeper of the village. LANGUAGES FROM TIPPERAH AND CACHAR. 204 ( 2 ) Languages from English. Kukee of Cachar. Kukee of Tipperah. Hallamee of Tipperah. Hill Tipperah. I^umerals. One Khat Khat Aukhat Kdichha ... Two Ni Ni Auni Kunui • •• Three Tdm Thiim Authiim Kathdm * *. Four Li LI Manli Brirni ■ •• Five Nga Rauga Eauga Ba <.. Six Gup Eiik Aruk Dok ■ a. Seven Sdgi Sharih Shan'h Chhini Eight Gid Eet Ariet Char ■ »■ Nine Ku Kuo Akuo Chukuk Ten Som Som Som Chi , , Twenty Somini Somni Soman ni Khol ,, Fifty Somuga Somranga Somranga Hundred Jakhat Ea^aka Eazakhat Eajsa •. Pronouns. I Kei Keima Keima Ang We Keiha Keimani Keima Chdng Thou Nangin Nangma Nangma Niing Tou Nangma Nangmani Nangma Norok He Ama Ma, Anni Ama, Sava Bo ,, They Amao Aumani Ama or Sava Borok ■ •) Of me Keiman Keima Keima Ani Of us Keiham Keimani Keima Chini • ■ * Of thee Nangman . Nangma Nangma Nini *.. Of you Nangmaha . Nangmani Nangma Norokni, orNoroni • •« Of him Amaha Auni Ama or Sava Bini Of them Amahao Anmani Ama or Sava Borongni ... Mine Keimu Keima Keima Ani ... Oux Keiha Keimani Keima Chini • •■ Thine Nangma Nangma Nangma Nini * ■ • Tour Nangha Nangmam Nangma Norokni or Noroni • •• His Ama lAuni Ama or Sava Bini • •fl Their Amao Aumani Ama or Sava Borongni >•• Hand Khut Kut Nakhut lyak ... Foot Keng Pheypa Kakhey lydkting *•• Nose Na Ndr Guar Kung or Bukung ■ •• Bye Mit Mith Mith Mokol ... Mouth Mu Miir Mdr Khuk Tooth Ha H£ Ha Oya Ear Kul Kor, Beng Makur Khumjti ... ( 3 ) ■Fippemh and Cachar. 205 Muneepooree. Mikii. Angamee ITaga. English. Aunnd I see Po One. Auni Hinee Kenna Two. Ahum Kethom S^ Three. Mari Phili Da Four. Manga Phunga Pengu Five. Tardk Thrak Surii Six. Tar^t Throree Thena Seven. Nipal Nerkep Th^thd Eight. Mapal Sirkep Th^kii Nine. Tara Kep Kerr Ten. Eul Inkoi M^kii Twenty. TAngkhe Plumgo-kep Lhi-pengu Fifty. Ch&ma Plear-isee Krd Hundred. TaH Nge A I. A,khoi Ngetum H^ko We. Nang Naug No Thou. Nakoi Nangli N^ko You. Mdsi HaldngK Po He. Mokhoi Halutum Luko They. TaH Nge-k4 K Of me. Akhoigi Ngetmn-an K Of us. Nangi Nang k^ No Of thee. Nakhoigi Naugle-k4 Neko Of you. Mahaki HaWtum Lu Of him. Mokhoigi Halatnm-k^ Lilko Of them. Yaki Ng^-ke-ma A Mine. Akhoigi Nge-timn Heko Our. Nangi Lakhe-nang No Thine. Nakhoigi Lakhe-nangli No Your. Mohaki Hala-hangpee Lu, po His. Mokhoigi Halatum-^n Luko Their. < THiut Ei Bi or bhi Hand. * * Khongpak K^ng Phi Foot. ' Nathiion Nukan Nhitoh^ Nose. Mith Mik MM Eye. Chin Engho Td Mouth. 1 Ya So Hii Tooth. • Na,khong No Ni^ Ear. 206 ( * ) Languages from English. Kukee of Cachar. Kukee of Tipperah. Hallamee of Tippeiah. Fill Tipperah. Hair Sam Cham or Tsdm . . Chham, Tsham . . Khanai • • Hair of man Hair of animal Head Lu Lu Lu Khorok ■ ■ Tongue Lei L^y Miley ChheMi • ■ BeUy Oe Von Von or Phiing Ok ■ • Back Tungtun Dar also ruong . . Ruong Phikung , , Iron Thir Thir Tshar ■ ■ Gold Sana Rangachak Eangachak Rangchak Silver Danka Sum or tanka (cor- ruption of Persian tankwah) Slim Eufdi •• Father NsLp^ Pa Kapa Pha Mother Nanu Nuh Kamih Ma Brother TI' U'nao Kichdngpa Phdldng • • Elder brother U'pa Kaup^ Younger iDrother . . Naihung or kichang AmOai, or korkhem Sister A Famiih Famuh Hano Elder sister U'nuh Kaunuh Younger sister Farniih Kanainuh Man Pasal Mipa AmSnai, or savanai ChaM Woman Numai Nuhpang Nuhpang BuTui • • Wife Ji Nuhpui Kadongma Hik .. Child Ch^p5 Nau or nai Naipang Chha • • Son Ch^pa Naipa Kan4i Chhajala Daughter Chanu Nainuhpang Kachamih Chh^juk .. Slave Su Boy, oheloh (Eajah's) Kasuokpa Chhelong t • Cultivator Loubala Shepherd Sil God Pathion Patiyan Patiyan Mdtdy • • Devn Thild Korih Korih Chhekal matay ■ a Sun- Nisa Ni Mioha Sal Moon ThU ThM Thd Tdl Star Asi Archi Archi Athukuri • • Fire M^i M^y Mey Hor Water Tui Tui Tui Tiii House In Beng In In Nok Horse Sdkar Chakor Chakor Korai Cow Sirat Cherat Cherat Musuk Dog Ui TJi Ui HiH • • ( 5 ) Tipperah and Cachar. — (Continued.) 207 Muneepooreo. Mikir. Angamee Naga. English, Chdm Tsam Chu Hair. Tha Hair of man. Ma Hair of animal. Kog T^hang Tsd Head. Uj De M^Ua Tongue. Puk Pok Yadi, Vaka BeUy. Nangan Nung Naku Back. Yot Ing chin Th6ze' Iron. Sana Ser Sona Gold. Lupa or tanga Eup Eakaje Silver. Ipd Pu Pii, Apu Father. Tma Pae Azo, Zo Mother. Zama Ne-ik Brother. Zamalial Zor4o Elder brother. Inas Sazeo Younger brother. lohal Neugzir AMpoo Sister. Ichem Elder sister. Ichal Younger sister. Nipd Pincho Theprom&j or Themma . . Man. Ndhpi Arioso TMnumd "Woman. IW Piso Kimi Wife. Icha Ohupo Niohuma Child. Tchanipa Chupi-nochu No Son. loMnupi Chupi Nopvii Daughter. Mai Bdn Tli^k^ Slave. Mdiba Katiki-drteng L6tima Cultivator. Zdo senba K4vi Thu-khw^-ma* Shepherd. Apokpa Amamk^the Terrbo-diu God. Tamuaba Arnam Terrho-kesbo or bMo . . Devil. NnTTiitli Arnee Naki Sun. TM Chiklow Khrr Moon. ThawdinlicM Ctika longu Th^mu Star. Mey Me Mi Fire. Ising Ldng Dzu Water. Yiim Hem Ki House. Chagol Losei Kwirr Horse. (Mel Ohainong Thdkr Cow. Siu Mdthan Tefoh Dog. « Cowhe rd. 208 ( 6 ) Languages from English. Kukee of Cachar. Eukee of Tipperah. Hallamee of Tipperah. Hill Tipperah. Cat Mengte Meng Meng Aming Cock A Ar Ar Tdo Duck Vata BorakorBatak ... Botak Takhiim Ass Camel .... Bird Ya Sava Va Tdosa Go Chin Kalxo Phero Thang-di Eat Neu Pakro Nero Chddi Sit Touvin Tungro Auehuro, Thoiro ... Achukdi Come Hang-in Hongro Hongro Phaidi Beat Chdkin Hemro Jemro Budi Stand Ding-in Thauro, Nirro ... Anthuiro, Nirro ... Bachadi Die Thin Tiro Tiro Thiiidi Give Epin Pero Napiro Eudi Eun Klajin EangraugnikaLro ... Tnrangro Kaichikdi Tip Vanchang Chiingd Chiing Saka Near Ahinga Anaitha Anaitha Sam Who Kaiham Thumi Thd Sabo And Adang Adang Adang Tai Yes Uhm Chang Annih Ayo Down Nai Noya Noy Khdma Far Gam cheng Alia AhM Hak-chal What Jham Imo Imo Tamo But E6 • • • ■ No ^en Een Changmak Mimak Mang Before Machanga Mdncha Maton ChhSkdng Behind Nug chang Nunga Nunga Ulo Why Iding-ninem Idingmo, Ihangmo Ilohrangmo Tdngmoy Tamani .. If Chute • • • • Alas! Ah-dh-dh Augaithd Aug^itha A father Ndpdkhdt Pd Pdorkdpd Phakaichd Of a father N^pa .... • ■ • • Phakaichani To a father Napa-hinga .... • ■ • • Phakaich^nd From a father Napa-hingd,-pddin .... ■ ■ • • Phdnithani Two fathers Nap4 ni PanI Pa anni Phdkunui Fathers Napa-ugai Pdthamka (many fathers). Pharok Of fathers Napa-ugai-si .... .... Pha-rokni To fathers Napd-ugai-hinga . . .... .... Phdrokna From fathers Napa-ugai-hinga- padin. Pharoknithani A daughter Cha nu kh£t Nainiikpdng Kachdnuh Chhdjuk khoroks^ .. C 7- ) Tipperah and Cachar. — (Continued.) 209 Muneepooree. Mikir. Angamee Naga. English. Haudong Ming Nunno Oat. Tel Vo Votzii Cook. Gndnu Bukak Topha Duck. Lold ~ • Ass. Camel. U'ehek Engndni-d,ro Pera Bird. Chalu Ked^m Totiehe Go. Ohao Kiobu Ohi-che Eat. Phamum X^ngui Bale che Sit. Lao Vanguon VorcM Come. Z^yu Kiohok Vu.cbe Beat. Lebii Kdrjap TM-16 che Stand. Chaknu Kitho SaUobe Die. Pio Piji-are Cbd-che Give. Phao Kikdt Ta-sbicbe Eiiu. Matokta Etbdk Ker^kr^ Up Mamakta Nekingri Kdpeno Near. Ka.TiTiaiio Kbumat Who. Athai Tdnke Ei And. Hoi To U'w^ XT' Yes. Makhada Kangdei Pesii Down.- Lapna Kahilu Sba-cb^ Far. Karino Pi Keziki Wbat. Karigdmba Pensetba Kenno But. Nathe Kalee Mo No. Mamangda GMdbo-hedlo Mobzu Before. Matungda Ne'pi Sa Behind. Karidamak Pemd Keziu, Ki Why. Karigi Tauke If. Zdmnaware Po-ham Hab Alas! Mapa amma ,. Po Apti A father Mapa amagi, Mapa amadu Ne-po Of a father. Mapa amadagi N^-po-along To a father. Mapd adu-dagi Ne-po-alongpen Apu-kino From a father. Mapa anni Po-hinee Apu Kenna Two fathers. Mapa k^yano .... Apunoko Fathers. Mapi athaigi Po-atiiTTi-an Of fathers. Mapa atbai-dagi Po-ma-alonkhe To fathers. Mapakibigthagi Po-atum along pen Apiinoko kino From fathers. Icbanupi Nimobu Nopvu A daughter. 210 ( 8 ) Languages from English. Kukee of Cachar. Kukee of Tipperah. Hallamee of Tipperah. TTi]] Tipperah. Of a daughter Chdnu * • * . Chhajukni To a daughter Cha-nu-hinga .... ■ ■ . • Chhajuk khorok naini From a daughter . . Cha nu hingd padin Chhajuknithani Two daughters . . Oha nu ni Nai nuhpangni ... Kachanuh anni . . Ohhi,jiik, khoroknoi . . Daughters Cha nu ha Nai nuhpang thamka. Kacha Huh thamka Chhajuk rok Of daughters Cha nu ha • • ■ • .... Chhdjrik rokni To daughters Cha nu hinga ■ . < • .... Chhajuk roknoini . . From daughters . . Cha nu hinga padin Chhajuk rokni thdni. . A good man Pasdl khat afa . . Mipa atthd Amdnai assa Borok kdhdm Two good men Pasal ni afa Mipa attha ni Amanai assdanni. . Borok khorok nui kaham. Good men Pasal ahoueen afa Mipa attha thamka Amaoai assd thamka Borok kaham rok . . Of a good man Pasdl khat afd pd chu. Borok kaham ni To a good man Pasdl kbit dfa pa hinga. .... Borok kaham no From a good man . . Pasdl khat 4fa pa hinga padin. • • 1 • Borok kdhamni thdni Of good men Abona pasal ^fa ha ■ • • • .... Borok kaham rokni . . To good men Pasdl dbond hahing^ ■ ■ • • Borok kaham rokno. . From good men . . Pasal dfa ha hinga padin. Borok kaham rokni thani. A good woman Numai khat afa .. Nuhpang attha . . . Nuhpdng assd Kaicha buriii kaham Good women Afa numai ha abo- neen. Ntihpang-attha tham- ka. Niihpang assa tham- ka. Biirdi kaham rok . . A bad hoy Chapangpa khStafa Ion. • ■ • • A bad girl Chapangnee khat afa Ion. ■ ■ • ■ • ■ • • Good Afa Atthd Assd Edham Better Haii pddin afai . . Manek attha Manekia-assa • ■ ■ • Best Afa changnung pe-he Eengkdnek attha... Anreng kanekan assd. High Achdng U'lien (taU, great) anchang (high) ... TJlien Kuchiik Higher Aohanga Manek ulien Maneka lilien .... Highest Achang chungnung pene. Eengkanek ulien... Aurenkanekiilien. . A horse Sakar khat Chakor pachal Chakor a chSl Korai ohala ma chha A mare Sakar khat anu . . Chakor piii Chakor, aptii Kordi buriii ma chha Horses Sdkar aboneen Chakor pachal thamka. Chakor pachal tham- ka. Korai chala rok Mares Sdkar anu aboneen Chakor pui thamka Chdkor ap6i thamka Korai burui rok ( 9 ) Tipperah and Cachar. — (Continued.) 211 Muneepooiee. Mirkii. Angamee Naga. English. Ichanupiamagi Nechupi Of a daughter. lohanupiamadagi or amadu Abd-alongpen To a daughter. lohanupi mahakidamak, or adddagi. Aohupi-alonp^n Nopvu kino From a daughter. Machdnupi anni Alochi-bangni Nopvti k^nnd Two daughters. lohanupi kdyano, or kya subage nupi. Arlasu-mdr Nopvu-noko Daughters. Nupigi damak Chupi-atum Of daughters. Nupigi maramgi Nimohu-atum-dlongpen ... To daughters. Nupi adudagi Nimchu-atum-akingri-pen Nopoo-noko-kino From daughters. Amft zamna paba mi Pinso-akm6 Th^mmd k^vi or kevima . . A good man. Zamna paba mi anni Pia80-^kd-m§bangni Themmd, k^nna vi, or ma vi kenna. Two good men. Miapaba maigam Themma keviko Good men. Zamna paba mi amagi . . . Pinso-^kmesi Of a good man. Zdmna paba mi amagi damak Pinso-akme-si-dlom To a good man. Zamina paba adudagi ... Pinso-dkmesi alongpen . . . Kevima kino From a good man. Zamna paba migi maramgi Pinso-pumfir-dlongpen ... Of good men. Zamna paba mi adudagi-... Pinso-pumdr-^km esi-along pen. To good men. Zamna paba mi adusing dagi. Pinso-pumax-akme-atum . . Kevima kino From good men. Zamna paba nupi Axlosu akmesi Thenu k^vi A good woman. Anni ahung zamna paba Arlasu-atum-dkme Thenu keviko Good women. nupi. Naba aobbe zamna pbate . . . Usu ake-ning-u Nichd kesho A bad boy. Nupi macbba acbhe zamna pbate. Arioso ake-ning-u Thend k^sho A bad girl. Ph^y Akme Kevi, vi Good. Adudagi at^su py y Me-ong-lo Ki-kevi Better. Guamna maktagi phey . . . Akme-si-la-tal Kevi-tho or vishiv^ Best. Awangba Kangtoi B^kr6 High. Adudagi hen awdngba ... Kangtoi-mucbat Ki-r^kri Higher. Gnamna maktagi ben awangba. T lapar-akungtoi-abeto . . . E^kreshiv^ Highest. Chagolamma Losaeisce Kwirr A horse. Ohagol amom amma Losae-ijon Kwirr-kee A mare. Chagol manga taruk Kadu kane-alosSe Kwirrko Horses. Chagol amom mauga taruk Losae d.pi-kddu kave Kwirrkrrko Mares. 212 ( 10 ) Languages from English. Kufcee of Cachar. Kukee of Tipperah. Hallamee of Tipperah. HiU Tipperah. AbuU Sirdt ohal khat ... Cherdt pachal Cherat, achal or ate Mtisuk chala maohha A cow Sirat dnu khat ... Cheratpui Cherat nuhpang . . Musuk burui maohhd Bnlls Cows Sirat chdl dboneen Sirat dnu aboneen Cher&t pachdl thamka. Cherat piii thamka Cherat achal thamka Cherat nuhpang thamka. 1, Musuk chala rok Musuk burui rok A dog U'ikhat U'i paohal U'iacdl Sinjala machha A bitch Uinu khat U'ipiii Uipui Suima machha Dogs Ui dboneen U'i pachal thamka. . . U'iachdl thamka . . Sliijala rok Bitches TJ'inu aboneen U'i piii thamka . . . U'ipiii thamka Sui marak A goat A he-goat Kelchalkhat ... Kei pachalj kei chal Kei chal Punjnoyd machha ... A female goat Kelanukhat Kei pui Kei pili Punjuk machha Goats Kelna aboneen ... Kei thamka Kei thamka Punjnoyd rok A male deer Sazu achal khat ... Saohal Aohal Musuim chdla ma chha. A male deer (large) Chdjiik Chajuk A male deer (small) Chakki Chakki A female deer Sazuanukhat Chdjiik pui, chakki pui Chajuk nuhpang, chakki nuhpang. Musui burui machhd Deer Sazu aboneen Chajuk th a m k a, Chakki thamka Chajuk t h a m k a, chakki thamka. Musiii rok I am Kei Kama nde ... Keima om (Much the same throughout as the Kukee) . Angong Thou art Ndngma ni ume ... Nangma ommo ... Niing ong He is Ama a-ume Anni ommo Bo-ong We are Keha K!aum nae ... Keimaniom Chiing ong Tou are Nangbanaume ... Nangmdni ommo Norok ong They are Amabd-a-ume Anmani ommo Borok ong I was Keijin ka umei Keima om Ong tonkha Thou wast Nang-na umin Nangma ommo ... Nung tonkhd He was Ama a umin Anni ommo Bo-tonkha We were Keha ka umei Keimani ommo ... Chung tonkhd You were Ndngha-na-umin ... Nangmani-ommo . . . Norok tankhd They were Amaha a-umin ... Anmdni ommo Borok tonkha Be Ahije Om Ong To be Ahite Omna Ong ndni Being Ahitde Omtha Ongoi Having been Ahijon tde Omtha I may be Kei hinange Ang ong ndni man ... I shall be Keima hingkdte ... Angong anu I should be. Kei hiding kahin ... Beat Chakin Hem Buyo ( 11 ) Tipjperah and Cachar. — (Continued.) 213 Muneepoore. Mikir. Augamee Naga. English. Sandamba amma Chainong allu-dkte Thddo A bull. Salam6m amma Ohainong dpi-ijon Thukrr A cow. Sandamba anni hum, Chainong dllii-kddu-k^ve... Thiidoko Bulls. Salamom anni hum Chainong api-kadu kave . . , Thukrrko Cows. Hui amma Mathan ijon T^foh A dog. Hui amon amma Mathan api-ijon Fohkrr A bitch. Hui mayam-amma Mathan-^Uu kddu kave ... Tefohko Dogs. Hui am6m mayam amma. . Mathan api kadu kave ... Pohkrrko Bitches. Taneu A goat. Hameng labd amma Bi ijon N^ild6 A he-goat. Hameng amom amma Bi-api-izan Neukrr A female goat. Hdmeng anni hum Bi-alu-kddu kave Taneuko Goats. Khorsa laba amma Thick allu izon Cha cha A male deer. A male deer (large). A male deer (small) . Xhorsa dmom dmma Thiok ^pi-izon Ch-krr A female deer. Khorsi Thiok-pi kadu kave Cha-chako Deer. Tahak ley Nge tado A ba I am. Nang Bu ley Nang tado No ba Thou art. Masu ley Abang diima Po ba He is. Akhoi kibig suley Nge turn tado Heko ba We are. Nokhoi kibig suley Nangee turn tado ma N^ko ba Tou are. Mokhoi kibig svl&y HaMtum-tado Liiko U They are. Tahak suM rammi NgSzoktado A ban- I was. Nahak sul6 rammi Nang zok tado m4 No barr Thou wast. Mahak Bule rammi Halld bangpu zok tado ... Po bdrr He was. Okhoi kibig sule rammi . . Nge turn badu tado H^iobdrr We were. Nokhoi kibig sul^ rammi. . Nang turn zok tado mi ... N^ko barr You were. Mokhoi kibig suld rammi. . Halla bang.po-tado Luko bdrr They were. Oyu Chakpo Ba Be. Oyga damak Chdkji Ba To be. Oyra dana Thangpo Being. Oygraba matung da Chakt^nglo Bit4 Having been. Oyri Nge thaukzi A chil^to I may be. Oybatari Nge chakzi-avi A chito I shall be. Oyre Nge-pdr-ake-thik ave lo- ng^-anhel. A chilotowel ... I should be. Teyua Kisoko Vd ch^ Beat. 214 ( 12 ) Languages from English. Kukee of Cachar. Kukee of Tipperah. Hallamee of Tipperah. Hill Tipperah. To beat Achate Hemna Bunani Beating Aohakin Buoi >•• Having beaten Achanai Hemtha Bukha , , I beat Keijin kacha Keima nin hem ... Ong buyo Thou beatest Nangin chain Nangma nin hem... Nung buyo ,, He beats Aman aohain Auni nin hem Bo buyo ., We beat Ke-han kdoha-un Keimani nin hem . . . Chung biiyo , . Tou beat Nanghan nacha-im Nang mani nin-hem Norok buyo ,, They beat Amahan aoha-un ... Anmani nin hem ... Borok biiyo ,. I am beating Keijin kachaka ahije Keima, nin hem ... I was beating Keijin kachakal^ ... I had beaten Keijin kachaka ... Ong bukha I may beat Keijin chathai jinge Ong bunani man I shall beat Keijin cha inge ... Keima hem ding... Keima chem kati... Ang biiyano I should beat Keijin kachading ahain. Ang bunani chay ... I am beaten Keima ei ch&-ei ... Keima anni ohemtha Ang bdjag I was beaten Kei-ei-cha-in-ahin ■ • • • ■ t Angbujagkha I shall be beaten ... Keima ei-chd-in tei Ang biijag ami I go Keima ehitange ... Keima nin kdl Ang thangyo Thou goest Nangma chitan . . . Nangma nin kdl ... TJ'mig thangyo He goes Kvak chin Anni nil kal Bo-thangyo I went Keimd kachin ahije Keima kinkaltha... Angthangkd Thou wentest Nangma naohin ahije Nangma kil kaltha Nung thang ka He went Ama achin ahije .. Anni nin kaltha ... Bo-thdng ka Go Achi Kalro Thango Going Achin ahije Kin kal Thangoi Gone Achi tei Kdltha Thdngka What is your name 'i Naminnam? Nang ma imo ming ? Nagnma nirhming im6? Nini mung tarn P ... How old is this horse ? Sdkar kum i-jat hijdm? Ha chakor chuokna kum izaka chang- tha? [let that horse's birth (being born) years now may (ago) happen- ed?] Ha chakor kilm jamo chu6kna ? I korai (chala) bisi busukni ? How far is it from here to Kashmir ? Hikama pddin Kash- mir i-ohan gam- lam? Hatha hin Kashmir zi-a. izakalam, [Let from here Kash- mir days how many journey ? ] or Hatha omhin Kashmir enthen- boni? Hethaka om hin Kashmir idormol allallha? Ami Kashmir musiik chal? ( 13 ) fipperah and Cachar. — (Continued.) 215 Muneepooree. Mikir. Angamee Naga. English. Yeygadamak Kiohok-thik-dun-ma Vii 1^ To beat. Yeyna Ohok thanglo av^ yu Beating. Teyradana Viirr Having beaten. Tahak yeygedaure Nge thabokzi Avil I beat. Nang yeyga daurebra . . . Nang ohoknon No vd Thou beatest. Ma yeyge daurebra Kachi chok Povd He beats. Okhoi yeyge daure Nge turn badu sokzi H^ko vi We beat. Nokhoi su yeyge daurbra . . . Nanglitnm choknon N^ko vd You beat. Mokhoi na yeyge nairibra Hallatnni k^ohi chok Liikovu They beat. Yakboy^yni Nge ke choklo KtSl I am beating. Yakpo y eyiam gani Chllo chi chakzi Avdbago I was beating. Mabo yey rammi Nge chokzi dak-daklo . . K vuiago I had beaten. Mabo yeyba grammi yeyni Nge chok-hai-avi A vdl^to I may beat. Yahakyeyni Nge nang ohokzi A vdto I shall beat. Yahakpo yeyge dauri ... Pio-pio-nge-chokjn avi . . A Tushito I should beat. Yahak obey chare Nang-pan-nang kichok . . A vd ve I fl,m beaten. Yabak cheycbaredo Aku nge choklo A vd6 I was beaten. Yahak chey ohage daba mall. Nge-dnm-dene chok dezi .. A vdtd I shall be beaten. Yahak chale Nge kedam A tot^ I go. Hang su challabra Nang dam non No tot^ Thou goe«t. Masu chale HaUa bangpo-nang thik ma. Potote He goes. Yahak chu chale Nge takeddm A tote'w^ I went- Nang STichal ammi Nang tang dama No tot^w^ Thou wentest. Ma suchal ammi Ealla bangpurdamlo-m^ . . Po tot^w6 He went. Chalu Dam non Totd Go. ChasI Ddmlo Ketoki Going. Chakre D^m t&ng lo Toti Gone. Nangi naming karino ? ... Nang men konpnma P . . Unzasopo? What is your name? Ghagol asi chahi kaya sure P Ldbang bo a-lo sae koian aning-kh&ndo pnm^ P Kwirr hdo chi kiehu P ... How old is this horse P Asidagi £!ashmir kayj» thabe bage ? Ladak penh^ Kashmir kaU anduma-kdil P Hanunu Kashmir k^jithir How far is it from here to Kashmir ? 216 ( 14 ) Languages from English. How many sons are there in your father's house ? I have valked a long way to-day. The son of my uncle is married to her sister. In the house is the saddle of the white horse. Put the saddle upon his back. I have beaten his sons with many stripes. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill. He is sitting on a horse imder that tree. His brother is taller than his sister. The price of that is two rupees and a half. My father lives in that small house. Give this rupee to him. Take those rupees from him. Beat him well and bind ViiTn with ropes. Draw water from the well. Walk before me ... Whose boy comes behind you ? From whom did you buy that ? From a shop-keeper of the village. Eukee of Cachar. Nangma napa i-na- i-jat chap^gpa umam? Keima tunin gam- cheng kaki choune. Eeimd kapanga chapa ama chanuta akhi chenge. Sakar angon jin ina a-um nae. Eukee of Tipperab. Amachanga jin kamin. Ama chapd chu kei mdn kacha in ting pumin. Aman chinglang chungd sirat acbin- gin. Ama hiohe thing bul noia sakar changa atowvin. Asu pina sangin asu- pipa achange. Ahimonhi cheng- uile ake mon ahije. Eapa hiche in ne ucha anme. Hiche dankahi ama chupin. Hiche danka abo- neen ama hinga Ian. Amahi phata in cha in chute khavin kanin. Teepuma tec thalin Keima machanga chida in. N4ngma nunga kai chapong hungam ? Nangin hichehi ko- hinga nacha hizam? Hiche koa dukanddr pahinga. Hallamee of Tipperah. Hill Tipperah. Nangma pa ina nai izaka om ? Keima hongna, von 1dm allah chang- tha. [My coming today path-far has been] Ma nuhpang farndh keima panghank naipa nuhpiii nei- tha. Chakor-ngau chunga chunga tutmunina om [Horse white updn-to-sit-seat in the house is.] (No word in kuki or Hallami for saddle) . Maddr chunga tut- mun semro. Maha ndile keima thukmutin hem. Thung chunga ma cheerat hoi. Ma thing noya chdkor chdnga thung mai. Ma farniih nina ama unao manekdlien. Ma aman oheng ni le duli. Keima pd ma ina th6 ompui. Ma som amale pero Ma som anni khiitle jidaro. Mdle thatakin hemro homjoyin ruyin phirro. Tui kiii nienga tui jularo. Keima mdnoha kalro Nangma nunga thil nai mo hong ? Thii nienga ma nen chok ? Soma mudi nienga kin chok. Nipa ina nai ijamo a om? Avuon nakin hongna lam allah. Ma nuhpang famuh keima panghank nai dongma allak- tha. Chakor-angoi chun- ga chungna toimun ina om. Adar chunga tui- mun shinro. Ama naile keima thokmol ajem. Thung chunga (or thieng) keng ohe- rdt ahol. Ma thing noya cha- kor chunga athoi mai. Anni undi nekin ama famuh liHen. Ama man dar ni le aduli. Keima kapa ma ina the a ompui. Amd Slim dar khut amaM pero. Md sum ni khut in le jularo. Amale aohatakin jemro nijemjoile ruyin khitro. Tiii kuonganeng tui ju choiro. Keima m a t o n a pheng kiti. Nangma niinga ka thii nai mo hong ? Amaka thii kuonga nirchokmo ? Soma mudi kuonga nenun kiner chok. No pha ni nau aibohhfa khorok busiik ? Tini ang rumchha nim- Ani kakani bachha jola baha nau no kaijakha. Inog korai kufomi jin long-o (jin, Bengali, no word in Tipperah for saddle). Korai edkdy jin bok shadi. Ang bono chomsa bdkha. Bo musuk no hdchuk earn charu nani nang khd. TJ bufang khama o bo kordi sdkd o achug o tong-o. Baha nau ni eanai bofayung ham. TJ' moni dam khok niii mama. U' nau kiste o pha tong o. I rang bon riidi Bini thanini u rang tandngdi. Bon kaham khdndi oi biidi tai dug-hiii boi khadi. Kowani tui ti shddi... Ani sakang o himdi... Nini uno sdbdni bdchha kai ? Nung sdbani thani paikha ? Bari mudi ni thani pdikha. ( 15 ) Tipperah and Cachar. — (Continued.) 217 Maneepooree. Mikir. Angamee Xaga. English. Nahakki napd may 6m da maoha kayano ? Asi yamna Mpna lakle ... Tahakki kuragi macha na mipi asagi mana nupi luhonggre. Ohagol angobagi sabal imda le bane. Nangpo a-hem asopinso bangkoan-ma ? Mini nge ke akahilo ddmlo Nepunn asopuke angzir pi- che-en. Lasae k^lls ajin hem-drlo sedo. Magi matukta sabal nabo Magi macha bo yamna yeyre. Ching matukta chhal cheli TJpalbegi makada chag61 matukta ley. Magi mach^mdagi mapu- wana hena wangi. Magi mathauna ley badi llpd anni makai. Im changai maohad ipa phamdan 16y. Liipa ase mangoda pio . . Adudagi lupa lawo Mabo y4mna y^yraga pun- dana thamo. Kohadagi ising so-o Taki imangda ohalo Kanagi maeha no matangda la iba aside P Adu kanadagi ley bage ? Kulgi poy yomba dagi leyye. Tin pu ki nu nono kicburo ? A tba to sbwew^ A n6no nowe po lupoo penhuba. Kwirr kechdo chije kinu za we. Athak jin arthang non Labdngoho-achop-jongh nge ehokol. Juglong kangtoi hdna chai- nong birechd bap cbube. Thingpi drum hala bdnohu losae dtbak ingui kok sido. Angzirpi afan achik ktepo keding. Lavangso anam sika binee ra-aduU. Hemsu-ngepu si-kido Hala bangsu-asika-bSla bangpu-pidamnon. La vdngso asika hala bangpu aking ri-pu-non. Hdla bangpu chokme ohenrd ari pen kok non. Langtukso d]ang sok-non. . Ngephrang dam bom non. . Nangphimat-dnso nang ki- dunmd ? Mat dkdngre si-k^nam P . . Eang drlo dukandar akeng- risi. Chijeii po nakii gi shich^... Po no a vushweve Kazikhrugi po thu hokhotha Lu sikhr khro kwirr gi bdzo. Po sazeo po lupooki r^e. . Pomd raka kenndri duli po Apii ki kechi nii baia Hau rakd potsuche Baka hako lele Po vushw^di phaM ohe . . Dzu khii no dzu lule A mhozu tol^ So po nono unsa toga ? . . Hau kezi ki no khrleloi ? . . How many sons are there in your father's house P I have walked a long way to-day. The son of my uncle is married to her sister. In the house is the saddle of the white horse. Put the saddle upon his back. I have beaten his son vrith many stripes. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill. He is sitting on a horse under that tree. His brother is taller than his sister. The price of that is two rupees and a half. My father lives in that small house. Give this rupee to him Take those rupees from him. Beat him well and bind him with rope. Draw water from the well. Walk before me. Whose boy comes be- hind you? From whom did you buy that ? E^nd, po th^li-kechi-ma ki From a shop-keeper of nd khrlew^. the village. LIST OF WORDS AND PHRASES SHOWING LANGUAGES HILLS SURROUNDING ASSAM AND CACHAR. 220 ( 2 ) List of English words and phrases with their correi English. Manipuri. Kuki. Khasi. One Ama Khatka Uwei, kawei, or wei, -with- out the article. Two Ani Nika Ar Three Ahum Thumka Lai Four Mari Lika Saw Five . Manga Bangaka Saw Six Taruk Rukka, Hinriw, hynriw Seven Taret Sarika • Hiniew Eight Nipal Eiekka Phra Nine Mapal Kokka Xliyudai Ten Tara Somka Shiphew Twenty Kul Somnika Ajphew Fifty Jyankai Somrangaka San-phew Hundred Cha-ama Eiza Shi-spab I Ai Kaima Nga, or manga We Ikhoi Kaimani Ngi, orma-ngi Thou Nang Nangma Me, or ma-me You Nang Nangmani Phi, or ma-phi •He Mana Anmanihi U, or ma-u They Makhoina Anmanihe thamka Ki, or ma-ki Of me, mine Jyakbo .... Na nga (1). Shapang jong nga (2). Jong nga (3.) Of us, our Ikhoibo .... Na ngi (1) Shaphang jong ugi (2). Jong uqu (3). Of thee, thine Nang Name(l) Shaphang jong me jqngme. Of you, your Nakhoida .... Na phi (1) Shaphang jong phi (2). Jong phi (3). Of him, his Makhoida .... Na u (1) Shaphang jong u (2). Jong u (3). Of them, their Makhoida .... Na ki (1) Shaphang jong ki (2). Jong ki (3). Mine Jyaki Kaimatha Jong uga la ka jong. Our Tkhoiki Kaimanitha Jong ugi Thine Nangi Nangmatha Jong me Youj Nakhoigi Nangmanitha Jong phi His Mahaki Anmani-hi-tha Jong u Their Makhoigi Anmani-hi-thamka-tha ... Jong ki ( 3 ) in Manipuri, KuM, Khasi, Singpho, Naga, and Miri. 221 Singpho. Ai Oukhahga Muohom Pili Pfinda Kro Sinit Maydt Tikhu Si Khon Mdngasi Ldyd Ndi Nang Lii Ldni Kbina Khini Nain^ Ghandna EMina Ndnd Khila Khilind Naina Ghdndna Nana Ldngala KHna MacMn^ Naga of Luokimpore. Oydn thek Oydni Oydn ram BeUi Bangd Irak Ingit lehhat Ikhu Ichhi Eangi Rak banga Sathe Mi La Ldnga Ldnga Nd,ngd Chemin Niya Hai hai Irepa Langa Irep Cliemin Niya Efii hdi Leng^ Ndnga Ire Chemin Naga of Seebsaugor. Etta Ani Ajam Am Aga Arak Andk Aset Apu Van Ghd Punihunai Khavan Poga Kuol Kukhi Nange Hazam Si Hukhi Kuku Kemku Nangpu Hazamku Ghiku Hamku Miri. Abakka Anyika And mak Appik Auka Aukek Kinitkang Pinibank Kanak Inkd TJin akhink Uin dnka Ing ink Nga Nga lu Aune Nabut Bye Kyen Ngabek Ngalubkd English, Byan bakd . . . Of thee, thine. Nabek Of you, your. TChubek Of him, his. Byalukhe ... Of them, their Ngabek Mine. Ngalubkd, ... Our. Byubek Thine. Nanke Tour. Biikke His. Pyaluk Their. One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. Ten. Twenty. Fifty. Hundred. I. We, Thou. You. He. They. . Of me, mine. Of us, our. 222 ( 4 ) 4 List of English words and phrases with their corresponding words English. Maniputi. Kuki. Khasi. Hand Khut Nihan Ka,kti Foot Khang Pai Ka sla jat Nose Naton Nar Kakhmut Bye Mith Mith Kakhymat Mouth Chil Mur Ka shintur Tooth Jya Niha Ka byniat Ear Nakong NikuT Kashkor Hair Ohham Sam U shniuh Head Kok Looh Ka khlih Tongue Lei Lai Ka thyllied BeUy Puk Phoong Kakypoh Back Nangan Eoong Ka ing dong Iron Jyat Thhir U nar Gold Chhana Eangkachak Ka ksiar Silver Lopa Tangka Ka rupa (B) Father Pa Pa TJ kypa Mother Ma Noo Ka kaymi Brother lyama (elder), Inao (younger). Keoo, Kinaiboong (youn- ger). XJ hynmen (elder), u hyn- bew (younger), u para 'in general.) Sister Ichim (elder) Kifarnoo Ka hynmen (elder), ka hynbew (youngerj , ka para (in general). Man Nipa Ipa U briw Woman Nupi Nupang Ka briw Wife Nupi Nupni Katynga, ka skaw Child Macha .... I khynnah Son Cha Ipathey Ukhun Daughter Ichanupi Nupangthey Ka khun Slave Minai Boy Uorkamraw Cultivator .... Karin-faennat TJ nongrep Shepherd Semba Eakhal TJ nongap langbrot. God Atliai-ba-lai Pathhiang TJ blei Devil Lamai-thambi Karhi U ksuid Sun Niimith Soom Ka sugi Moon Tha Thla TJ bynai Star Thaa macha Arsi U khlur Fire Mai Mai Ka ding Water Ichhing Thui Ka um House Jum In Ka ing Horse Sagol Sakar TJ kulai (B) ( 5 ) in Manvpuri, Kuki, Khasi, Singpho, Naga, and Miri. Singpho. Ifaga of Luckimpore. NagB of Seebsaugor. Miri. English. Latah Dd,k Sdk Andng Hand. Longang J)i Sya Nepabyeng ... Foot. Nddi Khan Nako Inebyon Nose. Mih Mit Nik Amik Bye. Ningop Thun Bikha Ndpdn Mouth. Oya Pd m Ai Tooth. M Nd Na Eron Ear. ■K&ri Khich chhu Kha Dumit Hair. Ngerang Khau Khang Mittop Head. Ghingleo Thelli Lay Aiya Tongue. Kin Oyak Wok Akheye BeUy. Sing mang Tdm Tak Amiri Back. Ikri Jdn Jan lyagire Iron. Jah Kam Sen Aine Gold. Komkrang Ngiin Nun Hopd Morkang SUver. Father. Hunu . . - Mother. Honao .... Brother. Sikau honao ■ ■ • • Sister. Mi Man. Sikau ... Husenu Sisi Hosd Sikau hosa Dd Majrimi ■ • ■ ■ Eanghao Bau rang Banghan Letnu Letsee Bau Ti Hdm • ■ • • • ■ ■ • J • ■ • • • •, • Woman. Wife. Child. Son. Daughter. Slave. Cultivator. Shepherd. God. Devil. Sun. Moon. Star. Fire. Water. House. .... Mdn Horse. 224 ( 6 ) lAst of English words and phrases with their corresponding words English. Manipuri. Kuki. Khasi. Cow Sal-amiim Chherrad-jel Ka TTiassi Dog Hui Oohi U ksew Cat Handang Meng Ka miaw Cook En Arkhong XJ siar Duck Enganu-macha Varak Ka haw (B) Ass Lala Ka, gadda (B) Camel .... Uut(B) 5^^ Bird Uchek Bah Ka sim Go Chappar chala (in general.) Kah-o Leit Eat Chao Faro B am Sit Fama Thhungro Shong Come Lao Hungro Wan Beat Jyaio Varoh Shoh Stand Leha Nierroh (y) Jeng Die Ohhiha Jthie (y) Jap Give Pia Pero Ai Run Chela Thloiro Phet Up Mathakda Ohoongah Halor Near Na,kTia Eanihanga Hajan Who Eonanu Thumoh Mano And Eek Rub, bad, de Yes Hai Oh Haoid Down Mokha Nooaha Shat y bian Far Ahlah Jing nqai or Ji nqai What Kari Imoh Kaba, oraiuh? But Kariki ■ . • • Hinrei, te No Mai Changmok Em-em Before Mathakda Mansaroh Shiwa Behind Itungda Noongthiang Shadin Why Karigi Imothoh Balei If .... Achang choon Lada Alas Hae Fih-eh Waw! orWa! A father Mapa-ma Khatka pa TJ kypa Two fathers Mapa-ni Nika pa Amgut ki hypa Fathers Napa-iamha Thhamka pa Ki hypa Of a father Mapa-ma-amagi ' .... Na u kypa (1), shaphangu typa (2)> Jong u kypa (3) . Of fathers Napa-iamagi Na ki kypa (1), shaphang ki kypa (2), jong ki kypa (3). ( 7 ) in Manvpwi, Kuki, Khasi, Singpho, Naga, and Miri. 225 Singpho. Naga of Luokimpore. Naga of Secbsaugor. Miri. English. Mihu Cow. Hi .... Dog. Mesa .... Gat. TJpang .... Gook. TJpdk ■ • • • Fauo • • ft « Duck. Ass. Camel. Bird. Glial Kdn Paula Gek^ng ka ... Go. Ch^h Chdon Lesa D^t Eat. Dungo TdDg Nahai Dutang Sit. • • • • .... Homanhu .... Gome. Maithan .... Beat. Ajanghai .... Stand. Jile ...» Die. 4«l •• Mko .... Give. Eikld . • • . Eun. Ling cMng Eankha Dingta Taleng Up. Nihd^i On thek Sonlay Anene Near. Jangining rdi hah ... Hdnnd Abe Chyekan Who. Gdldi Dakka Athasu Tapand And. Rdikon Idangele Changle Eddu Yes. .... Tang .... Down. Atai lay .... Far. Bole . • • ' What. • ■ • • Hafima .... But. ■ ■ ■ • Manchang .... No. • • • • Thamd .... Before. .... Fima . . . • Behind. • . • > Bole-thaipu .... Why. • • • • Hebam^ If. • • • • ... Nabang Alas. OQxiimi Oy^ntheibM Tdhopa Abakd, dbbut... A father. Onkhanga odh IbM oydni Ani hopa Anyika abbut Two fathers. Odhni Ibbd he Hopa-lai Abbubajek ... Fathers. O^hnin^ Oyd,nthe ibbaii' ... Hopaku Abak dbbut ... Of a father. Oahnin^ Ibb^ hendng Hopa-hdmku Abbu ^ajeke... Of fathers. 226 ( 8 ) List of English words and phrases with their corresponding words English. Manipuri. Kuki. Eliasi. To a father Mapa-amada Khatkapa nihanga Ha u kypa To fathers Napa-iamada Ha ki kypa (1), sha ki kypa (2J. From a father Mapa-amadegi Na u kypa From fathers Napa iamadegi Na ki kypa A daughter Macha-nupi-ama Khatka nupangthey Ka khun Daughters Macha-nupi-iamaha Thamka nupangthey Ki khun kynthei Of a daughter Macha-nupi-amagi Jong ka khun Of daughters Napa-iamagi Jong ki khun kynthei (1), shaphang ki khun kyn- thei (2), na ki khun kynthei (3). To a daughter Macha-nupi- amad a Sha ka khun^ ha ka khun. . To daughters Macha-nupi-iamada Ha ki khun kynthei (1), sha ki khun kynthei (2). From a daughter Macha-nupi-amadegi Na ka khun Two daughters Machanupini Nika nupangthey Amgut ki khun From daughters Macha-nupi-iamadegi .... Na ki khun kynthei A good man Mi-afaba-ama TJ briw uba bha U briw uba bha Two good men Mi-afaha-ani Nika atah ipah Amgut kibriw kiba bha . . Good men Afaba-mi-khihik Thamka atah ipa Ki briw kiba bha Of a good man Mi-afaba-amagi Na u briw uba bha (1), shaphang u briw uba bha (2), jong u briw uba bha (3). Of good men Afaba-mi-khibikgi a • • • Na ki briw kiba bha (1), shaphang ki briw kiba bha (2), jong ki briw kiba bha (3). To a good man Mi-ama-afabada Sha u briw uba bha (1), ha u briw uba bha (2). To good men Afaba mikhibikda Sha ki briw kiba bha (1), ha ki briw kiba bha (2). From a good man Mi-ama-afabadegi .... Na u briw uba bha. From good men Afaba-mi-khibikdegi Na ki briw kiba bha. A good woman Afaba-nupi-ama Khatka atahnupang Ka briw kaba bha, Good women A faba-nupi-khibik Khamka atah nu pang . . . Ki hynthei kiba bha ( 9 ) in Manipuri, KuM, Khasi, Singpho, Naga, and Miri. 227 Singpho. Naga of Luckimpore. Naga of Seebsangor. Miri. Sngliah. Oydh ni a jdi Odh nid gaila Oydh duo im gaild .. Ohiya cMni bak Ohlyi ohanibak CM oUiiyi mdng nind, Chd, cMyi mdnga ni theng djdi. Chd chliiyi mfegani. . . Oyd.ntlie ibbd kardng Ibbd hendng kak ... Oyanthe ibbd iyakbd Ibbd, bengerd Itchha oyantbe ... Obennd kdmin Itcbd oydnthe thim- Cba cbbiyi mdnganid Obidi mdng okhang... Cb^ cbbiyi mdngani ■gdildn. Tomapbab gdjd &imd e^n. Ongkbangayomapbab To mapbab gdja Yomapbab gdjdbak . . . To mapbab gd,j4 Tomapbab gdjd, ivni- jai. Tomapbab gdjd, baka jdi. To mapbab gaiMn ... Gdjd yo tbo md yo ma- pbab ningdi ndn. Lomcbd gajd dimd lorn obd. Gdjd lomobd baka . . . Cbbi ndngd Itcbbd oydntbe tber- Oydntbe itcbbd iyak-bd. Itcbbd oydni Itobbi ngabd Oydntbe micbben Oydni dobben Mi iydn cbben Oyantbe midn cben Mi iydn cbben Mioydn oben oydn tberdk. Midn cbenbi ndngd Itcbbi micbben ... Midn cbbenbi ngeo ydbd. Bdnia Dibidk cben Hopd-ku Hopd-kulai Hopam . Hopa-aupa Sikau Sikou bam Sikou-ku Sikau-bomenpa Sikou Sikau-bamku Sikou bosa Ani-sikou Sikau-bomenpani Etta mi my Mi my ni Mi my bam Mi my bamenpa Etta mi my bamku . Mi my bamenpa ku. Etta mi my anpd . Mi my bamenpa Etta cbya mi Cbya mi Abbuter nekd kdmdr. Abbu bane bajek. Abbak dbbut nengdng. Abbu bane kanek. Umme dbak ... TJmme bajek,. . Umme dbakka Umme kidindb- ka Umme dbkdn Abkd umme ke negdng. Anyek umme Umme gdnge Abkd aindmne Anyekcbim mdine amme. Mdine dmiki bicbi dibdd. Abkd ainamnek Mdine dmiki bicbi dibdd, Abkd dindm nend. Aine kin dingkd Ainamne gauge Aine ne ugdnge Abkd dine nenge. Nenge ibe kane kdng kene. To a fatber. To fatbers. From a fatber. From fatbers. A daugbter. Daugbters. Of a daugbter. Of daugbters. To a daugbter. To daugbters. From a daugbter. Two daugbters. From daugbters. A good man. Two good men. Good men. Of a good man. Of good men. To a good man. To good men. From a good man. From good men. A good woman. Grood women. 228 { 10 ) List of English words and phrases with their correspondii English. Manipuri. Kuki. Khasi. A bad boy Pbattaba-angangama Kbatka talai ipatbey Ukbyn nab uba liymman, or U kbynnab liymman. A bad girl Angangmacba-ama Kbaka talai nupangtbey Kakbynnab kaba liymman, or Ka kbynnab liymman. Good Afaba Atab Babba Better lam-afaba Atab tbak tbak Bakbambba Best lam-afaba Atab tbak tbak biltbing iimok. Babba tam Higb Aange Ansang Halor jerong, Ba jerong . . Higber lamaange Ansang tbak tbak Ba kbam jerong Higbest lamaange Ansang tbak tbak bitbing nmok. Ba jerong tam Aborse Sagol-ama Kbatka sakor U kulai A mare Sagol-amii m -ama Kbatka sakar nupang . . . Ka kulai, or ka kulai kyntbei Horses Sagol-kbibik Tbamka sakor Ki kulai Mares Sagol-amum-kbibik Tbamka sakor nupang ... Ea kulai kyntbei AbuU Sal-laba-ama- Kbatka serrab til loiloi.... U massi kyrtong, or U massL A cow Sal-amum-ama Kbatka oberrad-jel Ka massi, or ka massi kyn- tbei. Bulls Sal-labo-kbibik Tbamka Serrab-tH loiloi . . . Ki massi kyrtong Cows Sal-amiim-kbibik Tbamka cberrad-jel Ki massi kyntbei A dog Hui-laba-ama Kbatka oobi Ksew A bitcb Hui-amiim-ama Kbatka oobi pool Ka ksew Dogs Hm-laba-kbibik Tbamka oobi Ki ksew Bitcbes Hui-amnm-kbibik Tbamka oobi pool Ki ksew kyntbei A be-goat Haeng-laba-ama Kbatka kel- cbal TJbtang sob mob A female goat Haeng-amum-ama Kbatka-kelpooino Ka blang . . Goats Haeng-kbibik Tbamka kel cbal Ki blang A male deer Saji-laba-ama Kbatka Sajook cbal U'kei rang A female deer Saji-amum-ama Kbatka Sajook pool Ka skei Deer Saji-kbibik Sajook Ki skei lam lyak-leiri Ken nooi TJgalong Tbouart Nang-leirilira Nen nooi Pba long (female), Me long (male.) He is Ma-leiri An nooi U long ( 11 ) in Manipuri, Kuki, Ehasi, Singpho, Naga, and Miri. 229 Singpho. Naga of Luckimpore. Naga of Seebsangor. Miri. English. Aima mdng ongdi ddi. Bdng cbhi Etta misi newsa Abkd aimd ne kdvd. A bad boy. Ong g^j^lomoM iixak Dihidk oKhd phdng ohhi. Ettamisifavi Aimd ne neng dbakkd. A bad girl. Gdjd Aohben My Aiddk Good. Kh^^ngkliup g^j^... Dakmacbben Amy Anying dk ... Better. Gdjd dai ong lang gajd dai. Acthenchliennd ... Amypa Aidak anykig dk. Best. Jaddi Acbho yang Haha Aydbe High. Khaangkhup jadai... Dak dobhoeng Hdho Aydbek Higher. Tadai latliang yah dai Aobang lekechang Hafa Apping ken pe namdi ddbak. Highest. GomlDang 4ima Mak oyanthe Etta mdn Abakkd godee A horse. Gombang nnma Oyantbe mak ngiydng. Etta mdn bimu Abkd gobechi neng kd. -A mare. Gomb^ng Makkhi Inu man Gobeye bak ... Horses. GomlDaiig am Mak ngiydngbi . . . Inu-man hunu Gobechi neng bak. Mares. Konclio ctokang iimi Oyanthe mdn chham rekd. Horanpang Kh'kk bdtaru nagabimne. AbuU. Konolio go numd, Mdniydng oydnthe Myh-bunu Abkd unnek nengkd. A cow. Konclio clioang bak . . . Lang chan bak mdn pang. Inu-boranpang Bhatar nagar dbakka. Bulls. Numdbak Maniydnglang ... Inu myhu hunu Unnek nengkd Cows. Goi aima Oyanthe huld HHa Abbakd ikie ... A dog. Goigonuma Oydnthe huyang ... Hinu Abakd ikineng- kd. A bitch. GoiTiT kon Huh he Hirem Ekiye bajek . . . Dogs. Goye goi bak Huhniydnghe ... Hinu rem Pabkd bdng ne bajek. Bitches. Bdindm di dima Oydnthe keyen . . Ean-pang Abakkd chabene A he- goat. Bdindm di aimd, Oydnthe kenang ... Eannu Abakkd chaben nengkd. A female goat. Bdiadmbak Ken he Ean hurem Chaben bajek Goats. Chan oMnld dima , . . Oydnthe ngdm pang Mikbi pang Abakkd chibin minank. A male deer. Bdindm di aimd Oydnthe khebinang Mikbi hunu Abakkd chibin nengkd. A female deer. Chdnanibak Ngdm he Ohena mikbi Ohinine bajek Deer. Ngdilanggai Mi tangian Kutailay Ngd dunkd . . . I am. Nangddnkha Nang ne Nang lay Na dune Thou art. Khiaing ngd dkhdh ... Pbang tang mdtangd Si lay Bandue He is. 230 ( 12 ) List of EngUsh words and phrases with their corresponding words English. Manipuri. Kuki. Ehasi, We are Tkhoi-leiri Kennin nooi Ugi long Tou axe Nang leixilira Nennin nooi Phi long They are Makhoi-leiri Annin nooi Ki long I was lyak-leirem-me Eehoom kennoi Uga la long Thou wast Nang-leirem-me Nehoom nennooi Me pha la long He was Ma-leire Anihom Armoi TJ la long We were Ikhoileirem-me Kennin nooi augarha Ugi la long Tou were Nakhoi-leirem-me Nennin ooni augarha Phi la long They were Makhoi-leire Amin nooi augarha Kilalong Be • . • • Thunin Long, don To be .... « • • • ^ Ba'n long, ban don Being Thunin changati, Da long (1), kaha long (2), kaha don (3). Having been Thiminachangka 'Tudalalong I may be lyak-leirangami Kaihnni chongthaithennim Nga lah lean long, nga lah lean down. I shall be lyak-leini Eaiham Chongthaithennim Nga'n long, nga'n don ... I should be Tkhoina-laideaonatikae . . In khUloivalin changkaithie Ka da lea ngan long, ka du lea ng'an don. Beat leiba Varho Shoh To beat .... Ba'n shoh Beating Eeuokinning Kaba shoh (1), da shoh (2). Having beaten .... Eevokthk 'Ynda la shoh I beat lyak ieige Vong kaithee Nga shoh Thou beatest Nangieio Nanghom varoh Me or pha shoh He beats Ma-eeire Anmani-hi varoh U shoh We beat Tkhoi ieige Kaimani varoh Ngi-ia-shoh Tou beat Nang ieio Naugmani varoh Ngi-ia-shoh, phi ia shoh . . They beat Makhoi-ieire Anmani-hi thamka varoh. Ki shoh, or ki ia-shoh ... I am beating lyak ieiri Kaima vokthing Nga dang shoh I was beating lyak-eiram-me Kaima ken-vok-ning Nga la dang shoh I had beaten lyakna ieirame Kaima ken-vok Nga la lah shoh I may beat lyak ieingami ^ ... Kaima homin-ningkeuon- gohm. Nga lah ba'n shoh I have beaten Nga dang lah shoh I shall beat lyak-ieini Kaima homin-nrngkeuon- gohm. Nga'n shoh I should beat lyakna-ieiba-matikoe Kaima vong keti Ka dei ba nga'n da shoh . . , I am beaten Ai-ieiba-fangale Kehom — anevok La dang shoh ia nga I was beaten Ai-ieiba-fangle Kehom- anevokthey La lah shoh ia nga I shall be beaten Ai-ieiba fangni Kaima-nen-voh — ning . . Tn sa shoh ia nga I go lyak-challe Kaioho kal kehti Nga leit ( 13 ) in Manipuri, Kuki, Khasi, Singpho, Naga, and Miri. 231 Singpho. Naga of Lnokimpore. Naga of Seebsaugor. Miri. English. In^nggdid, dng dai ... Lahu thang Kem lay Ngd lu dungay^ We are. Nanga akha Ndng mahu thdne . Hazam lay Nd dungdi ... Tou are. Khini akha oah Chenin than Humtai lay Kyengdungd They are. Ngai oabin dai Mi mdtang taya . . . Ku nd lay Ngd dungdi . . . I was. Li ni aukha Langa neah Nang n& lay Aune dime ... Thou wast. Khini oabin dai Ire matang taya ... Sinaiay Bukke dingdi He was. Inang gaia ang dai . . . La huthang Kem n^ lay Ngalu dungdyd We were. Nang oabin dai Nang mahu thane .. Hazam na lay Nadungdi Tou were. Khini thing monga dai . Jeheme thangta . . . Ham nS, lay Byaluo dungane They were. Eaiah Madanga N& hay Gide Be. Eaidai Madangaleh A chang Gideha To be. Raidaia Madanga ta Usua Gidengd Being. Having been. Ndi tdi ngoa Ngdi ta dang Kuaohange Nga ippa eppe I may be. NdiUigd Ngai dang and . . . Kuachangai Kuachangtaibu Ngdi uppe I shall be. I should be. Ni Anang Mithan Pai Beat. Nai dup ii Mabdtikd Mia Pdkdp To beat. Dup ddi Oyat ikang Milay Midenpu Pddung Beating. Having beaten. Ngai dup ha Inga me batah ... Kumia Nga chung padung. I beat. Lu dup d^i Langa oyatikang ... Nange milay Aune paddk ... Thou beatest. Khi dup d^i Atana oyat ika ... Si-emilay Byu padak ... He beats. I dup hd Inga me bat ikong . Kerne mia Ngd lu padung We beat. Langi ni dup Langa maba ika . . . Hazam mia Nabub pakane Tou beat. Khni dupha dai Chennin maba ika . Ham mia Byulun pakane They beat. Ngai phe dupdai ... Inga nang batah . . . Kuamilay Ngam padung I am beating. Inga oya thenga . . . Kuafitlay I was beating. Ngaiphe dup ha dai,.. Inga la oat thang . Kuafitlay Ngam pat ... I had beaten. Ngai dup ngot oa .. Nga ma ita bibatang 1 Ku mitouke Nga pape eppe I may beat. I have beaten. Ngai duppe Inga thenga ah ... Kuamia Kuamaupa Nga pat ka ... I shall beat. I should beat. Ngai phe dup hadai. . . Ingala oat thang . . . Kuta atha milay Ngam pat ... I am beaten. Ngai phe dup hadai. . . Ingala oat thang . . . Kutufitlay Kutu mi ta Ngam pat . . . I was beaten. I shall be beaten. Ngai chang Kikang Ku pane Nga gip I go. 23g ( 1* ) List of English words and phrases with their corresponding won English. Manipuri. Kuki. Thou goest He goes I went Thou wentest He went Go Going Gone What is your name?, How old is this horse ? How far is it from here to Kashmir ? How many sons are there in your father's house? I have walked a long way to-day. The son of my uncle is married to her sister. In the house is the saddle of the white horse. Put the saddle upon his back. I have beaten his son with many stripes. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill. He is sitting on ahorse imder that tree. His brother is taller thaa his sister. Khasi. Nang-chala Ma-chale lyak-chaUame Nang-chalabda Ma-chakre Chala Chappa Chalare Nangi-naming-karikauge ? Achhi chhogolgi chehi kaya sure ? Achhidegi-Kashmirleipak- kaya-labe ? Nangi-napagi-macha-kaya- poi? Achhi iyakna iom miang koyare. lyaki khuragimacha nipana may machem laure. Imn-achhida chhagol an- ganbagi chhaban. Iyakna mai macha nipab licheina ieire. Naugma kalro Anmanihi kalro Kai-kenhanga Nangma nehanga Anmani-hi-nehanga Kabo Kathing Kehanga Niriming-ee-mochang ? ... Ma-sakor-hi-kom jakamo ? Mathaka omin-Kashmir ithen-kamoalat ? Nangma-pa ija kamo ipa om ? Khirong kehang Kifang hak na-hen kifarnoo auai. Sakor-ongoi ke-ina ahom- they roh-homaoni. Sakor choongah they roh pierroh. Thunahn ina nabi nium- vokim kevok. Ohingi mathakta mana Pahar choongah cherrad-in chhal chhendenaleire. iuia fah. U-achhigi makhada chha- gol gi mathakda lei. Magi manaona machem degi ayange. Thiag-nuhuia sakor choon- gah atung then. Ania boongalier un-unekin Me leit TJleit Nga la leit Me la leit U la leit Khie leit Da leit (1), aba leit (2) ... Ba la leit, ba la lah leit ... Ka kyrteng jong phi ka long ainh ? XJne u kulai ula katno snem, or Une u ku-lai u la don katno snem. Naugne hadub ka shnong Kashmir ka jing ngaikat- no ? Ha ing utrypa jong phi don katnongut ki khun shinrang ? Nga la iaid nadub jing-ngai niyuta. U khun u kyn-gi jong nga u la shong kurim bad ka para jong ka. Haing don ka jin jong u kulai lib. Buh ka jui balor jong u Nga la sympatka u khun jong u da ki bun ki jing sympot. U pynbam phlang-ia ki jiag ri halor lum. XT shong halor u kulai hapoh kato ka ding. U para jong u, u kham jerong (or san) ia ka para jong u.* * (Literal and ambiguDoa.) But when the two " his '»" ( 15 ) in Manipuri, Kuki, Khas% Singpho, Naga, and Miri. 233 Singpho. Naga of Lnckimpore. Naga of Seebsaugor. Miri. English. Nii rang ddi Khin rSng ddi Ng^ odrdng ddi Nii ha ddi Khi cM M ddi ' Chal Chdkan CM ha dai Ndng4 ming mdkhii Idai gom rang oa pit khe deh duhd. Ndng gdi nan Kdsmir ge deh ydn. Na lang oah na ontd gaimang gedeh ngah dai. Nga dai nih dudam di oah rang dai dam hang dai. Khia ganau kenge oah dai na kachai khung ran ha. Aug tha tukhaih nga dai pak paa gomrang yikrang oaua raya Pang kap oa khina sing mangeh khrat dioh. Khi kacha pheh ngai siha khin dio ha. Khi hom bum ding ngai siyah remdai. t Sidai ong tah katah i goto rang jatang dinga dai Khina ko phu gah khina ganan ong lah yah ga tang. Lang tha Ire tha Aoang thang Lang thanta Atela thangta Kau Chhebka Thanta Mamin marva Bmak iye pa chhenta rang pa madanga. E Kasmira la pa chhet janga. Maba hu ma nanga neta chhenta. Nga theiya bala nang phang tak. Iremi an ire iyang teying didi chama kap ika. Humiyo khan oya jin mak papanang ma danga. Atmanang khakka Achanang iya ranga aoyatak. Haha nang mau ba- mika. Iman khanang mak- tam nang chang ika. Anang tei yang nama anang te achho yang. Nang paw la Si pawl a Ku jale Nang j ale Si jale Paula Jale Pau © na • Nang bule manpu Abi rang heman pu . . . Ete khange abe inlam Kasmiri kapang. Nang hanpama hamma abitaibu sisi neusa. Ku ani asule ham dawa Ku apali husa usua hunau toi zingle. Man tha 2dnhamma tai le. Siku takma zim khaley Ku-e fid deua asule sikuhosan. Mihu ni ele ha hutu. Sieman takma nale panu tangma rang khumna jakle. Chiku hanau fai chiku sikou hanas lale. Aoye gini^ Bye ginid Ng^ gini Aoye gikdp Bye gikdp Gikdng kd Giep Gikdp Nangd mindng- kd. Gro r^ije chabak ditdge eddek edung. Chdkke Kdsmire e anappa edi ke dung. Nanga bukke enchamla kaoe edikke dung. Nga chin ai rup gigatta. Byu gamma paike aomma midamat. Chide gaduchi gob ere pudak amirna tam lik namme. Gadu chimbik amirda tam likt. Byung ang de- mai rupa pat. Byu adi tanen inne gae bar dem kang su dung. Byu inne gae bar kei kau gore dem change dung. Byuk oh ache byung birme dem penam diare ddk. Thou goest He goes. I went. Thou wentest. He went. Go. Going. Gone. What is your name? How old is this horse ? How far is it from here to Kashmir ? How many sons are there in your father's house ? I have walked a long way to-day. The son of my uncle is married to her sister. In the house is the saddle of the white horse. Put the saddle upon his back. I have beaten his- son with many stripes. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill. He is sitting on a horse under that tree. His brother is taUer than his sister. the Bame'peraoa it will be — Ja la ka para kham tan a para jong u. 234 ( 16 ) lAst of English words and phrases with their corresponding words English. Manipuii. The price of that is two rupees and a half. My father lives in that small house. Give this rupee to him. Take those rupees from him. Beat him well and bind him with ropes. Draw water from the well. Walk before me. Whose boy comes behind you ? From whom did you buy that ? Erom a shop-keeper of the village. Achhigi maman lopani- makhae. lyaki pabna ium apichha- fada leire. Achhi lopa maba pia Achhi lopa khibik mangan degi looro. Maba iyam ieiro khaurina puUa Kua degi icching laura ... lyaki iyanagda kaero Kuki. Khasi. Matheio munnhi chengnika nindooli Khipa ma in the-asun a-om Thanka enaka pero Ma nihanga thanka tare . . . m Nieon thunkinthu kinla ruin pierroh. Thin thuka thui choiro . . . Kimo - kinna kalr a Achhi angang macha ko- Thunaimo niengahahung? nana nangi natung indna lai? Konadegid achchi hi rui ? . . . Kulgi dukandar degi Ma thero kathey thu nihangah ni chogmo ? Ke chogna kua maha jonina kencho. Kadorkato kalongartyng ka pia. TJ kypa jong uga u shong ha kato ka ing rit. Ai kane ka tyngka ia u ... Shine noh-ia kito ki tyng ka na u. 'Tuda shoh eh ia u, teh da ki tyllai. Tongune naka pukri Jaid sha shin a jong nga ... TJ khynnah jong no ub a wan nashadinjong phi? Nangno phi la thied ia kato ?. Na u nong die jong die ha shnong. ( 17 ) in Manipuri, Kulci, Khasi, Singpho, Naga, and Miri. 23.^ Sin^plio. Naga of Luokimpore. Khina monu dala ong khang thuli reh. Nge oah sidai ong tab kiyi gai nga dai. Ong dai kom krang dala khiphe yan. Khi thang gai Ian kom phrang theng latang na. Aidi dupunah galai sing rii khang dau. Kiabang gailan i yin jah ong. Nge man idamo Nana ning dim iga- dai na mang cha dai Gkdai nan sidai oa miri laha dai. Mereng na pa ga oa aima gailan. Phani khath heh athapa. Iba pabuma cbane rang tanga. Un phatbepa kak... Angeya ngun bi ugaba kar. Jarang obad ate ruma kbdk obben. Ja nad kban ma jakban. Jma karang pbang kbama- Madinang ban cbao yang ira. Hange oya rita oya irepa. Haoya tba cbang te neoya. Naga of Seebsaugor Usna nun kbaomi atbati Ku apa usHa bam sama anokle. Ea nun kbau usua ang laka. Usu anpa nun pai jan hai. Usua maile maitben atbasu usua lunge kbadu. Takai anpa tikba hai Ku pam thoma abam hai. Nang faima obam pu Oma sapu Tinkba unpa bat Miri. Edak atang kange anyi kana tebakka. Nga ke dbbu Mave kamu dud. Cbimbarakang ^bdr chim bum bibi takd. Bik kanak ede mbd rakang dembande koen. Byum air pdt rabike end,. Cbibond,k aobi getka. Nga ka ne dun- gig min nang ka. Nak nedung cbek kaoe gidang Chekka lak retang bibke nak. Dalung kabe mannanak na- •tang ni. English. The price of that is two rupees and a half. My father lives in that small bouse. Grive this rupee to him. Take those rupees from him. Beat him well and bind him with ropes. Draw water from the well. Walk before me. Whose boy comes behind you ? From whom did you buy that ? From a shop-keeper of the village. LMGUAGES OF THE NORTH-EAST OF ASSAM. Dl 23B ( 2 ) Languages of the North- English. Aka. Dnffla. Miri. Numerak. One Un Akin Aka Two Guni Ani Anyeka Three Gethan Am Aunaka , , Four BH Apli Apika • Five Bufigu Ango Anaka . Six Re Akia Akanaka , Seven Mia Eanug Kinitaka . Eight Sige Plognug Painika . Nine Esthen Kyo Kananka . Ten Len Rungchung Eiinaka . Twenty Genelen Chamni Kuri . Fifty Bungolen Chamuo Araikuri . Hundred Boloiiun Cham-rungchung Eha ■ Pronouns. I Niang Ngo Na We Ani Ngolu Na-lu Thou Pho Noh Na You Pho Noh Na-lu He Thang Asi Bi They Phoi Mige Bu-lu Of me Niang Ngokue Nak Of us Anithe Anga Na-lukke Of thee .... Asoko Na-kke Of you .... Asoko Na-lugike Of him Nunathai Alokoa Bi-kke Of them Numan-nathai Alopanga Bulukake Mine Niang Ngokue Nak Our Anithe Anga Na-lukake , , Thine Phoithai Asoko Na-kke Tour Phoithai Asoko Na-hikike His Nunathai Alokoa Bi-ki ^ , Their Numan-nathai Alopanga Bu-lukike . , Hand Gi Lake Alak .. Foot Gle Leh Ale ^ , Nose Nubiong Nyopom lebung Eye Mre Nyegh Amide Mouth Neug Gam Nappang Tooth Thu Fi Atreu ( s ) 239 East of Assam. Abor. Sulikdti Mishmeea. Digarii Mishmees. English. Akka tkU Ekbing One. Anikka Kdni Kaeng Two. Aniuak Kdsh Kdcbang Tbree. Apio Kappi Kdpi Four. Pilanka Manga Manga Five. Akkeko Ahe Anbra Six. Kililak Job Ur^ Seven. Palifc Ilu Hum Eigbt. Kanengka KhHi Kaeling Nine. longka Husb Halang Ten. lengnic Anibush KacbUing Twenty. Fiingpilank Mangalon Mangabalang Fifty. Lingka MaW Malum Hundred. U'lii Ngialumbro Ning or Ha I. Milum Ehundna Taji We. Ngo Ngio Nga Tbou. Ngolo Ebund Nga You. Ngo-bolu Ngio-apu Ngoelang He. Milume He-aibu Ngoelang-tba Tbey. Ngolona Nge-ebunde Lomening Of me. TJlukke Ngaji-appo Ningoge Of us Buluke Newji TJag^ or nega ^ Of tbee. Buluke Newji Uag6 or nega Of you. Biikke Mimut or Mit Dege Of bim. Buluke-upek New-ipo-maya TJaga-lange Of tbem. Ngolo na New-ebunde Lomening Mine. Ngolo-apekap Ngialadu Ningoge Our. Nalnkke or buluke Ne'vfji Nega Tbine. Nalukke or buluke Newji Nega Your. Bukke Mimut or mit Dege His. Buldke-upek New-ipo-maya Uaga-Mnge Tbeir. Alage Akbmo Hattia Hand. Leppia Byapa U'groka Foot. Ngyabung Enabo Heliagom Nose. Amik Elaby^ Molom Eye. Nappang " Ekabe Takkay Moutb. Ipang Tambya T,a Tootb. 240 ( 4 ) Languages of North- Englisb. Aka. Duffla. Miri. Ear Jho Nyorung Nerung Hair Hupshe Dnmpo Dumit Head. Tokiang Demeg Tukko Tongue Jakse Eo Taper Belly Lon Kopo Aki Back Gehang Lamko Tiamka Iron Sen Eogdur Yogir Gold Shen En Ain Silver Lemen Diimpin Mulkang Father Aboa Abo Abba Mother Ane Ane Anne Brother Nu Abung, Tete, Boro Burra Sister Nie Ame, Burme Birme Man Nu Bangui Amme "Woman Nimre Nyame Neng Wife Zi Nyafung Miang Child GuK Anga Koue Son Zu Kao Aua Daughter Zue Nyameka Omma Slave NuUo Nyara Pakba Cultivator Nimiang Kedeh Arigija Shepherd "Khen Eakhidono Eakhine God Nitchao Oiu Isor Devil Tehimu Kenoha-deo (evil spirit) . . Bhut Sun Jho Doni Daanid Moon Lu Polo Pala Star Litson Taker Tdkare Fire Meh Emeh TJniTne Water Vza Esi Atse House Nen Ou Akume Horse Gorra (No Duffla equivalent) . . Giire Cow Shufshe Hene Inne Dog Shazi Bki Ikia .^ Cat Khushu Ase Mendari Cock Dublang Porok Parak Duck Ngosa Han Pajap Hen Done ■ • • • • • • • Ass Shubabu (No Duffla equivalent) ... Gadha Camel (Ditto ditto.) Ut ( 5 ) East of Assam. — (Continued.) 241 Abor. Sulikdtd Mishmees. Degard Mislituees. English. Nyerung A.kuna Nakra Ear. Damude Thambya Thang Hair. Ugke-takku Eku-ekura Hamkuru Head. Ayah Lina Thalingna Tongue. Aki Khiapu Kitapung BeUy. Lamku Erambo Ipring Back. Ukdin Si Si Iron. Ebane Pidi Padi Gold. Murkang Pau Pa we Silver. Abo Naba Naba Father. Nal Nani Namd, Mother. Aniange AM Pamro Brother. Burme Athepoa Nabi Sister. Milange Meya Mdwd Man. Mienga Ikh. Miawa Woman. Ome mienga Aku Miawa (" Wife" not used) Wife, Anjineka Awu Ablay^ Child. Ounga Abro Ua Son. Papie Amyau Aya Daughter, Pakbo Eppo Ilmpo Slave. Agre-gerurau Ari Bayah Cultivator, Soben-kyane Maji-halu Babi-hosui Shepherd. ' Dane-talenge Ini-huna Eing God. Ayu Daen Taliah Devil. Dani Ini Bingda Sun. Pala Ela Haluda Moon, Takar Adikro Kddiag ■ Star. Emme Amihu Naming Fire. Ase Maji Maji Water. Ekum TJka Ang House. Gure Geera Gouri Horse. Anek Majookru Kru-majoo Cow. TH Iku Lookui Dog. Kadaii Majari Majari-da Cat. Porok Eto Mityo Cock. Pejabo Dekibu Krembd Oala Duck. • • a « • • ■ « • ■ • • Hen. (None in this District) ... (None in this District) ... (None in this District) ... Ass. Ditto Ditto Ditto Camel. D 2 243 ( 6 ) Languages of the North- English. Aka. Duffla. Miri. Bird Go Eat Sit Come Beat Stand Die Give Erm Up Near Who And Yes Down Far What But No Before Behind Why If Alas! A father Of a father To a father From a father Two fathers Fathers Of fathers To fathers From fathers A daughter Of a daughter To a daughter From a daughter Two daughters Buzzu Phokhame {" you go,") Sune longme Hademe liuhrokheme Giume Thidamun ("to die") Bime Zongme Meliviang Mani fhiu Aio Mivi Melenen Maren Then Ngoa Nivia Manen Thurede Saio Aia! Aboa Guni ahoa Ani ahoa Pata Ngiku Dutto Dungto Ngtoku Jungto Dokto Siktaribo (" to die.") Keh Furrto Aopa Genekto Helo Angneha Eh Arungpa Adopo Hogue (No Duffla equivalent) Moh Atokto Koyungto Hogoho Hobolape Tah! Abo Abo ani Abo arukpa Nyameka Nyameka anigo Patang Gikapen Datta Dota Sapagala Pattaka Daktaka Si-a Bitpana Duktaka Tdleng Aninsa Sekan Aru Agi Amang Mateng Akkan Kintu Ma Ananna Ledda Akapa Jadi Ta ya Abatere Abbatere-loke Abba-kan-kepe Abha-kan-lakum Abba-anyeka Abbu-kading Abbu-kading-ke Abbu-kading-kepe Abbu-kading-lakke Omma-terak Omma-teroke Ommd-ter-dakkepe Omma-ter-kakke Omma-anyeka ( 7 ) East of Assam. — (Continued.) S43 Abor. Snlik&M Mishmees. Digarti Mishmeea. English. Peotdng Pya Om-pya Bird. GiU Bana Bun^ Go. Doyo Ha Thana Eat. Dootka Jiba Dind, Sit. Kajo Ebalibi Hanand Come. Ditka Hoop Hoo-ina Beat. Daktola-ddkot Deva De-dena Stand. Hikang Hiba Hina-hibo Die. Bito . Haba H£ngna Give. Dookang . Dobo Chou Eun. Texmg Etudii Taji Up. Mungia . Anoma Ungya Near. Uma A-aya Cha-kada Who. Biange . Ama-ma Oago And. Eda . Aya Oau Yes. Eoongkinge . Eipoma Hala Down. Motunge . Mralo Da Far. Ingkok . Esia Umja What. Byange . Kmi-mi Eoypinge But. Kamang ■ Ngybo Aynm No. Napayd,po . Ahy^ Hioya Before. Melam . Epindolu Hamyo Behind. Dekeku . Ejap Uaja Why. Dem-ma-moolo . Bjamigo iloiping If. Ah! Ah! . Akh! akh! Eh! eh! Alas! Abo-ataluk . Ekke-naba Khinge-naba A father. Ataluk-abo kepd . Ekke-n^ba-juibo KJiinge-naba-Mnke Of a father. Ataluk-dbo-kepe . Bkke-nabd-ji Khingi-nababa To a father. Ataluk-dbo-lenne . Ekke-naba-kepowji Khingi-naba-egu lea From a father. Anikkadbo . Kani-ndba Kaeng-naba Two fathers. Abo-bdlu . Naba-ej^ Nabdlang-naba Fathers. Abo-blild.kepd . Ndbd-juibo Naba lanke Of fathers. Abo-bulu-kepe . Nabd-ji Nabdl^ng-omba To fathers. Abo-biilli-keluk . NabS.ga-juibo Nabalang-dima From fathers. Ataluk-ome or papie .. . Kepate-amyau or ayah ... Khinge-aya A daughter. Ome ataliik len . Aya pate ah Aya-egoge Of a daughter. Omekeataluk • Aya-ji Aya-uaba To a daughter. Ataluk ome labum . Patela-aya Khingi-aya From a daughter. Anikka ome . Eani-aya Kaeng-aya Two daughters. 2H ( 8 ) Languages of the North- English. Aka. Duffla. Miri. Daughters Nyame arukpa Omma-kading Of daughters .... Omma-kading-ke To daughters .... Omma-kading-kapa From daughters .... Omma-kading-lagane . . A good man Nu mevi Alepa Aka ine dmme Of a good man .... Aka ine ammi-ke To a good man .... Aka ine ammi-kapa From a good man .... Aka ine ammi dekke . Two good men .... Ani alepa Ine amme anyeka Good men Nu mevihan Alepa arukpa Amme ine kiding Of good men .... Amme ine kiding kakke. To good men .... Ine amme kiding-kapa . . From good men Ine amme kiding lagang. A good woman Nimre mevi Nyame anyapa Aka ine neng Good women Nimre mevihan Nyame pang alepa Ine neng-kiding A bad boy Nu meni Kao karu Aka imane kaua A bad girl Nimre meni Nyameka karu Aka imane kanauka Good Mevi Alepa Ine Better Honte mevi (Tha,n that good.) Humpe humpe alepa {i.e., More more good.) Eda-ine Best Ditto Ditto Eda-iru-dung High Miphiang Aopa O-dak Higher Honte miphiang (Than that high.) Humpe humpe aoiyopa, {i.e, More more high.) Oddur-dak Highest Ditto Ditto Od-bun-dak A horse A mare Horses Mares Gorra-mene No Duffla equivalent. ' "Horses" are called , ghoras, and " mares" j ghorifi or maiki ghor a. Gure-adarka Gxtre renaka (hue kiding Gxtre rene kiding Abull Mubze Hebo Garu ettum tuma namme A cow Mene Hene Garu-iane-Sdark Bulls Mubze-menou Hebo arukpa Ettum -tuma-namme kid- ing. Cows Mene-menou Hene arukpa Guru-inne-adark A dog Shazi Eki kibo {i.e., a male dog) Iki-adark A bitch Shazi-mene Eki kine {i.e., a female dog.) Iki-kine-adark Dogs Shazi-menou Eki kibo arukpa Iki-kiding Bitches .... Eki kine arukpa Iki kine-kiding ( 9 ) East of Assam. — (Continued.) 24 Abor. Sulik&t& Mishmees. Digaru Mishmees. !Englisb. Ome-kiding Aya-dolumbro Ah-]ang Daughters. Ome kidinke Aya-jipo Ah lange Of daughters. Ome kidi-li;ikke Ay a Inmbro Ah lang-bage To daughters. Ome kidiluk Ah lumbro Ah lang dogo From daughters. Atalxik ayne amya Khenge premupo Khinge-prao-nd,me A good man. Ataluk ayne mil Ehenge premuji Khinge-prao-name uage. . Of a good man. Ataluk ayne-miem "Khenge premujia Khinge-prao-name gao . , To a good man. Kidiluk ayne dmya Khenge-premu-polumbro Khinge-prao ndmedogo. . Erom a good man. Anikka-ayne-dmya Kani-praya-premu Kaeng-prd-maeh Two good men. Amya-ayne-apoya Prd-lumbro Pra-maeh-oelang Good men. Ayne-amy-kidinge Pra-imo-dolumbro Pra-maeh-langure Of good men. Ayne-amy-kidilukke Prd-imo-dolumbroji Pra-maeh-langbd To good men. Ayneji-amya-kidilukke . . Pra-imola-pradoibu imo dolumbroji. Pra da pragomoh maeh roilangdo. Prom good men. Ataluk ayrunek mienga, . Khenge pradu-aya Khinge-pra-miawa A good woman. Ayru mimen-kidinge - . Pradu-aya Pra-mia Good women. Ataluk ay tdma ah Kepate (or, khenge) ndpa khi ah. Khinge praiim ah A bad boy. Ataluk ayma-mimek Khenge-mipathy aku . . Khinge-prayam-mia A bad girl. Ayrunek or aydo Pradu or praijah or athopra Prd Good. Aidak-edem pesin-aiadak La praibo pradaibo Pra uagra pra Better. Apung kempe aiadak . . Tapum praibo Jomme-oii tagre prd Best. Bodod Euendo TJaji High. IJwitdak apung kern pun nama bodoiadak. Euendo ji iruendo Uaji game uaji Higher. Apung kempune bodod . . Tapume ji ruendo Jomme uaji Highest. Ataluk giire Kepate geera Khinge gouri A horse. • Bele gure Kepate geera dpi Uapi gouri A mare. Ghire kidinge Q-eera pajaibon Gouri lange Horses. dure kidarde,or gure bodok Geera apidjr Gouri lang Mares. Ataluk me^kkut cbowoo. . Kepdte ahepra adeva maju Khinge liakobo maju . , A bull. Ataluk chownek chow . . Kepate majii kro Khinge maju kro A cow. Mepakuta chow bodok . . Maju ahe pela doi-eboni . Maju lang, or maju lange Bulls. Chow nek kidinge Maju dolombro Maju Mng-ba Cows. Ataluk ekki Kepate eku Khinge lukui A dog. Ataluk kinek ekki Kepate eku iro Khinge uapikro lukui . . A bitch. Ekki kidinge . . • Eku paja, or eku du Lukui lang Dogs. Ekki kinek kidare Api eku doi-ebon Uapikro lukui roilang . . Bitches. D 3 ( 10 ) Languages of the North English. Aka. Duffla. Miri. A he-goat Shubshen-mubze Sabin Binpo Saven-adurk-Benba A she-goat „ mene Sabin Bine Saven-benne-adark Goats Shubshen-mubro Sabin arukpa Saven-kiding A male deer Shu-mubze Sodum dombo Domsong-sabo-adark ... A female deer Shu-mene Sodimi domne Domsong-sone-adark . . . Deer Shu-mubro Sodum arukpa Domsong-kiding I am Na-dong Thou art Na done He is Bido We are NUu do Tou are Nalusin done They are Buludo I was Nalu doai Thou wast Nasin dongka He was Bisin dongai We were NS,lusin dongai Tou were • • • • • • NS,lusin dongai They were Bulusin dongai Be Ipane To be Kaiepa Being Having been Katidainap I may be Namolap I shall be Naipa I should be N^iparnne Beat Pattaka To beat Pakaso Beating Pagoiala Having beaten Panaka I beat Ngojungto N^pasa Thou beatest Napdta He beats Bipata We beat Nalupata Tou beat Nalupata They beat Belupalu I am beating Napatidungdo I was beating N^patidana I had beaten NSpatara I may beat Ndpalap ( 11 ) East of Assam. — (Continued.) 24 y Abor. Sulikdtd Misbmees. Degaree Mishmess. English. Ataluk olioben Kepate maji Kbinge mabi (or maji) . . A be-goat. Ataluk mime choben . . Kepate api akro maji . . Kbinge uapi mdbi kro . . A sbe-goat. Ohoben benne kidare . . Maji dolombro Mabi langbd, Q-oats. Ataluk abuk cbimone . . Kepate dron mdjo Kbinge kari maju A male deer. Ataluk obonne cbimone. . Kepate api majo Kbinge uapi mdju A female deer. Ohiinone Majo Maju Deer. Ulu dunede Ngia Inmbro la ji ji Ha majo or Ning majo . - I am. Ngo andra dunea Ngio muji ga Nga ja mago idi Tbou art. Ngo bolug dunede Ngio apuji Ngleelang mdjo He is. Milum dunede Ebundnajigd Toji mdj We are. Ngolo dunea Ebund jiji Nga idig^ You are. Mi-lu-m6 dunede He-aibu ia ji jiga Ngoe lang-tba idi mdj . . Tbey are. XJla duned n^ Ngia bimbro igapo Ning idi ma I was. Ngo dunea ne Ngio jigja Nga iappa or gna idi md. . Tbou wast. Ngo-bolu bomade ddnedb Ngio-dpu mujiji Ngoe lang iappa He was. Milum tena dungan^ . . Ebundnajiga Taji lang idima We were. Ngolo du ngan6 Ebund mujiga Nga iappa You were. Milu ma bulu du ngdne. . He-aibu mujiga Ngoelangtba iappa Tbey were. Al rune d6p6 Aibo ab apd Emago esabo Be. E derung Aji poyd Gbabon To be. Nga nd Nga-6 Hacbadima Being. Bomjah Bja jipo mijab Muja mang cbabo Having been. Ulu ipebo Ngialumbro eyokacbna . . Ning cbanane I may be. Ulu ippe Ngialumbro kacbna Ning oboend^ I sball be. Ulu dejie Ngialumbro mumota apa Ning icbabo I sbould be. Pyepe, papebo or ditake. . Nupd abu pra wa Hui buiboing Beat. Pyepe papebor Nupd dbu pra wa Hui buiboing To beat. Ditala Abu lyab Huiab mo Beating. Ditala na Abi lyab Hui ama Having beaten. Ulu pyepe papebo Ngialumbro abi lyab . . Ning bui buiboing I beat. Ngo ditak^ Ngio abu lyab Nga buiab Tbou beatest. Ngo bolu ditane Ngio-apu abu lyab Ngoelang bui ama He beats. Milum padun6 Ebundna apu prala Tajibind6 We beat. Ngolo ditane Ebund abu lyab Nga buiab You beat. Milume bolu ditd He-aibu abulyab Ngoelang-tba buiab Tbey beat. Ulu ditala Ngialombro mujiji lyab Ning majo mo buiab . . I am beating. Ulu dita Ngialombro igapo muja Ning idimab nuiab I was beating. Ulu padulal dita Ngialombro abu muja lyab Ning buiab miag I bad beaten. Ulu haidup dita Ngialombro padua^pya abu. Ning buiab bdn^-ing . . I may beat. 24R ( 12 ) Langua'jes of the North- English. Aka. iJuffla. Miri. I ehall beat I should beat I am beaten I was beaten I shall be beaten I go Thou goest He goes I went Thou wentest He went Go Going Gone What is your name ? How old is this horse ? How far is it from here to Kashmir? How old are you ? How far is it from Tezpore to your house ? How many sons are there in your father's house ? I haye walked a long way to-day. The son of my untfle is married to his sister. In the house is the saddle of the white horse. Put the saddle upon his back. Put the saddle upon the horse's back. I have beaten his son with many stripes. Nimre za tenthene (Tour name what is called ?J Nidren k'unia (Your age what is ?) Ni aboaner kunia zu due ? (Your father how many sons has ?) Hungu meringi dene (To- day a long way have come-) Neme lonru mugrang gorra zimduene (In the house the white horse's) (saddle is) Zime gorra mugubang rome (The saddle the horse's back place on.) Ezu muno vegune (His son severely have beaten.) Ngo ngbo Ngo ngpane Ngniku Ngne Kobobo Ngne Koba Hogo mangmina (what name.) NS,papa NSpaperune Nam pata Nam paka N&m papa N§, gikape Na gifcala Bigia Ndgika Nagikan Bigikan Gikapen Gila Gikang Nakke amine akkon Ide gure detakpe idi-ka- idun Sakke kasmir bapa idika mate dang. Tezporiso noubo hodugo adopa (Prom Tezpore your home how far is.) Nao aboga kaoa akupa (Father's house sons how many.) Ngo adobo angena solo (I far have walked today) Ngo piega kao maga bor- mem sebedodona (My uncle's son his sister has married.) Nakke abbaterloke a-kum- nak ana idekan. Ni. sila abaka giga tai . . Nake paike ane bikke bir- mina midangem mola langka. Kampane gureke zim em- alsum arala dong. Bike lamkula zim emrag- lukta. Magq kaom ale jungpene (His son well I have beaten). Bikke anemna abaka pa- bita. ( 13 ) 249 East of Assam. — (Continued.) Abor. Sulik&tfi Mishmees. Degaree Mishmees. English. Ulu ding kape dita TJlu dita pone Ulu padune dita Ulu mo padtdal dita Ulu mo di abo dita Ulu gikappe Ngo giappe Ngo bolu gieppo Ulu gikubo jigidrakane Ngo homade gikang Ngo bolu gikang Gipeji giep^ Aikabbo Aikang Nakke ingko a mune Bsigure adit ditakaji Sak kidi Kashmir bolop6 edit dadi ? Nakk^ abo ekumel editke kud dule. Ng;a sil bajerengkagigay eka giku ji gigayeka. Bukke burme demukke paieke d,deya mane m^t. Ekku mardb dune gatad yasile gure delak pima myah. Gdtad dem langku put . . Bakke ad^ manga* bajek. ditto. Ngialombro ahu prawa . . . Ngialombro ahu proa jiva Ngialombro ahu lai Ngialombro ahu proa lyah Ngialombro na-ahu pra wa. Ngialombro bapra wayah Ngio banalah Ngio-apu balyah Ngialombro babyah Ngio banabah Ngio apu belaga edya Bala uji or baladra Bamiah Babya New siladrd amu Heya geerdmag phid,hd ... Ejaniba ba kashmir ajige mag fiaha ? New haba ah ji ji ga Nga etani mala guge mya la aghuha. Heya athi ebo ah yabi gyah. Nga kua andye lapna geera ayah jiji paya. Andaye lamra puru Newa nga midu hula pata Ning hui giji band^ Ning hui band6 Ning hiwa huiah. Ning huiah mag Ning hui ing tia Ning hoende. Nga hay a Ngoelang habo Ning hoya Nga re habo Ngoelang mahabo Bonende or habo Bande Habo Na muja amang E gourikadening saba . . Eg kashmir kadego daeng Na naba ango kadago ah i ieng. Ha tahing dd daniaga khiep hana hada humobo. Umjage mathi hage naba you ige wa sabo. I shall beat. I should beat. I am beaten. I was beaten. I shall be beaten. I go. Thou goest. He goes. I went. Thou wentest. He went. Go. Going. Gone. What is your name. How old is this horse. How far is it from here to Kashmir ? How old are you ? How far is it from Tezpore to your house ? How many sons are there in your father's house ? I have walked a long way to-day. The son of my uncle is married to her sister. Nga tia ieh dipa la gouri g^ roi sag6. Dip takhengre umja um- pling h^ dana. Hujake ah ha da limbo. In the house is the saddle of the white horse. Put the saddle upon his back. Put the saddle upon the horse's back. I have beaten his son with many stripes. D 4 250 ( 14 ) Languages of the North- Englisfa. Aka. Duffla. Miri. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill. His brother is taller than his sister. He is sitting on a horse under that tree. He is sitting on a stone under that tree. The price of that is two rupees and a half The price of this is 2 or 3 rupees. What is the price of that thing ? My father lives in that small house. Give this rupee to him ... Take this rupee from him Take those rupees from him. Beat him well and brad him with ropes. Tou beat him well and bind him well with ropes Draw water from the well. Draw water from this hoUow. Walk before me ... Whose boy comes behind you? From whom did you buy that? From a shop-keeper of the village. Shufshekhun (the cattle the keeper) phong (the hill) mud or (top on) khenru (is grazing). Enu (his brother) enie (his sister) mudome (is taller than). Thou (that) gunne (tree) molonrun (under) golong (a stone) nu (the man) unduru (is sitting on). Tankha-ruphu (rupees) guni (two) [or] gothen (three) jonkhane (is worth.) Hunso (that thing) khenia (how much) jonkhane ? (is worth). Nia (my) aboa (father) nen (a house) muzuru (small) dionru (is living in). Tankha-ruphu (the rupee) phon (his) igiru (hand in) bime (place). Thankha-ruphu (the rupee) phon (his) igiru (hand in) khalune (take). Thou (you) ero (him) mivi (well) vem (beat) oddu (with ropes) mivi (well) jome (bind). Vze (water) thong (the hollow) lubime (bring from^ So (go) niang (me) mivia deme (in front of [and] walk.) Theu (whose) zu (son) ni (you) nerun (behind) dehou (is walking?) Hunzo (that thing) khio lune (who from [you] have bought) ? Gibiang (the village) nu (a man) untsonru (a shop-keeper from) lune (have bought). AJo bangnia modi aoa seh rakido (That person the hill-top cattle is graz- ing on). Alo bormeam boroaaoiopa (His sister than his bro- ther is shorter) . Sengne lakinga elengava dungpa (That tree under stone top of he is sitting) . Aso kere baringola adoli- go (That thing^s price is two rupees and a half). Ngo abo alo oupenchun- galo dodona (My father that small house lives in) . Sotungka barsom alo bikto(This one rupee him give). Aloke tunga noto (From him the rupees take) . Amalebo jungto usolo nolo leto (Him well beat, rope bring and bind). Kal soke esilo tokto (From this hollow water draw) . Ngo atokbo oke (My front go)- Hygia kao nokoionga angdona (Whose boy behind you is going) ? Nao ejia hogolukko rae- pena (Your cloth where from did you buy) ? Hogoga gola aloko ren- gaena (The village a shop- keeper from I brought). Aditai ata bi garam menja- gam nesin domola dag- ane. Bikke birmeden penem bikke bir&de o-dak. EUu ising rumkingola gure taleda sala dung. Ellekem barnika adha- lika. Nake babubi amene ak- umala doda. Edemmurka abarsemlim bitaka. Bik kalukem markang ki- dingem lotak. Bim aipa pataka aru bim soriku Sirano: aralak asika tal- Nak karasa gidong gitak taka. Nak leduda sek ane gid- ang. Edem sekelak na rakan. Daulolak dokanloke. ( 15 ) East of ^ssam .-^(Concluded.) 251 Abor. Sa1ikdt& Mishmees. Degaroe Mishmees. English. Ba aditeya tel chow uh. E heia ii ang gupu maju raki dung. halni Biikke dbung nge bukke hurm^ dem hodoya dung. Ah eching rung king elha gure la chd la dung. Bukke are bame hala abilik odeba. TJkke dbuge tat jk ja ( anjab ekum la dung. Sim abar sim bdmdeh bitakkka. Ah heia apia aheya athi a roind. Heia aganuah ddbo e heia geera ja jigya. Aheya aji geya e mu kani atig^ ay ho. Nga nala nd ah hi majia Eja pro preme ha ala Bukke teluk morkung temo latka. Ay rup^ pdtke ekung borne soruluk ya wdka. Seringla achi utka Ngake keral apune Nakke mela mal sekka ke kinge gidang ne. Sekkelak edem retanee . . Daluldk bakke kare bakke lak. Ahaia e hemahe pow ahu hoha agay. Pre agay hoop jibu eja al bion jiji abd. Eu poma ajia maji bogen Agu prage lama Nas mita asia ah iga yaba Esu ayga ne ayha isima loga lah. An ma kheng ge abiji ehenia. Eeja thiago maju hugura Eage napung rega mathe 14ge mdja daring ohabo. Ee masang halag reja gouri choha. Roige taju pla kaeng ahali chamag. Ha geiidba nab4 ringya roija ligyago iah. E paring pla reba halang Umja dogo paring re che- nna. Pralon howina roigum roi ja kowrig gowri chona. Toingo maji ryna Hajed hemna Na umplig oha ah bana ha Eoida roiga chad brichia Mih matingo khing ge briadon brichia. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill. His brother is taller than her sister, He is sitting on a horse under that tree. He is sitting on a stone under that tree. The price of that is two rupees and a half. The price of this is 2 or 3 rupees. What is the price of that thing? My father lives in that small house. Give this rupee to him. Take this rupee from him Take those rupees from him. Beat him well and bind him with ropes. You ■ beat him well and bind him well with ropes Draw water from the well. Draw water from this hollow. Walk before me. Whose boy comes behind you? From whom did you buy that. . From a shop-keeper of the village. LIST OF WORDS AKD PHRASES iS THB <^^/^£L^^. 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Tonghtoo of Burmah. Numerals. One Neung Ichi Am4 Ta-bah Two Hsaung Hiai Anee Nee-bah Three Hsam •Ketham Ahum Thom-bah Four Hsee Kli Maree Lit, or leet-bah . . Five Hah Kuno Monga Ngat-bah Six Hok Tharak Taru Thoo-bah Seven Sit Tharakachi Taret Noot-b^h Eight Pet Nerkeb Nipal Thaut-bah Nine Kow Chirkeb Mapol Koot-bah Ten Hseep Kep Tar^ Tah-tsee Eleven Twenty Hsow I kae Kul Nee-htsee Fifty Hah hseep Kuaekep Yenkai Ngat htsee Hundred Pak Unknown Chdmd Taryah, or ta-reah. . Pronouns. I Kow-khah Ne Ai Kh6ay We How-khah Ndngthu Ikha Nee-kho Thou Mul Nang Na You Hsoo Nangthum Nang khoi Tsee, or thee He Man Lake Ma Weh They Khow Halake M^khoi Weh-tsee Of me Kow-khah Ne Inganda Kho^y-akhrong . . Of us How-khah Nangthum Ikhoda Nee-akhrong Of thee Mul Nangonda N a-akhrong Of you Hsoo Nang Ndnghkoida Thee-akhrong Of him Man Bang Mangandd Weh-^khrong Of them Khow Makhoidd Weh- tsee-akhrong Mine Kow-khah Ne .. ■^igi Kh6ay-t& Thy Our How-khah Ndngthum Ikhoigi Nee-ta, Thine Mul N^ngi Na-ta Your Hsoo Nang Nangkhoigi Thee-ta His Man Bang Maigi Weh-ta, Their Khow Makhoigi Weh-tsee-ta Hand Meu Ibi Khul Tsoo, or tsu Foot Teen Ikeng Khong Khang Nose Hkoo-lang Nakang Natol Nee-phoo Eye Tah, or mak-tah . . I mek Mit Mai Mouth Hsop Inghu Chil Phrong (.3 ) comp ared with others. 287 Poi of Buimah. Talain of Pegu (Burmah.) Sonthali of Sonthal Pergunnahs, Western Bengal. Moondaree of Chota Nagpore, Western Bengal. a • English. Pakar Moa Mit' Miyad One. Punnai Ba Barea Baria Two. Puttao Pe Pea Apia Three. PapuUe Paun Pnea Upunya Four. Papar P-sone, or m-sone Mor6 Monian Five. Passeru K-rouj or t-reou . . Turui Tuniya Six. Passare K-pauh, or ht-pauh Eae Eyd Seven. Passarea K-cham, or t-cham Iral Iralya Eight. Passaku K-cheet or t-cheet Ar^ Areya Nine. Parrar Chauh Ghauh-moa Gel Gelya Ten. Eleven. Pakke Ba-cho Mit'-isi Miyad hisi . , Twenty. Sawpa P-sone-cho Bar-isi-g^l Bar hisi gelya Fifty- Yokor Klaun More-isi Moni hisi Hundred. Kama Oa In Ain or In I. Hse er se Pooey* A-le-a-bon, a-b Ale We. Nama M-neh* Am Am Thou. Numai M-neh-tau* A-pe Ape You. Amaya Nyeh* Ach' (ai:) Ini He. Mee er se Nyeh-tau* A-ko Ako They. In-ren, or'* reak' . . Ainya Of me. Ale-ren, or rea Alea Of us. Am-ren, or reak' Ama Of thee. Ape-ren, or rea ApeS Of you. Ach'-ren, or reak' . . Inig, Of him. Ako-ren, or reak' . . Akoa Of them. Tin Same as above Mine. Ta-m Thy. Ta-le • ■ • • • 9 Our. Thine. Ta-pe Your. Ta-e His. Ta-ko Their. Ku Toa Ti Ti Hand. Ape Nan pussu Mhay Apakar Chung Moo Mote Paing Jahga Mu Met' Mocha Kdtd Mun Met Mochd, Foot. Nose. Eye. Mouth. inr Tinaition. — NomiDatire pre cedes Verb: Obieotiye follows Yei b J Possessive place daf tor the thing possessed. 288 ( 4 ) Burmese Languages English. Shan of Burmali. Mekir of Cachar. Mimeepooree. Tonghtoo of Bunnah. Tooth Khyo Icho Y^ Ta-nga Ear Hoc Imo Nakong Na ... Hair Khoon Ichhuu Sam Ta-loo ... Head Ho Iku Kok Ka-too ■•• Tongue Leen Ide Lei Plee , , , Belly Taung Ipak Puk H6 ... Back Lang Inung Namgan Ng^m ... Iron Lik Ingchin Yot Pathee ... Gold Kham Cher Sand Khdm ... Silver Ngeun Rup Rupa Ron ... Father Pau Po Pa Pha . . . Mother Me Pe Ma Moo, or mu ... Brother Nekor Muchimanan Brother (elder) Pee-sai Wai-kho ... Brother (youager) ... Naung-sai Poo ... Sister Injurpi Machal Sister (elder) Pee-nang Wai-moo ... Sister (younger) Naung-yeeng Poo-moo ... Man Ko on, or koon-sai, or hpoo-sai. Pincho Nipd Log ... Woman Koon-y e e n g , or or hpoo-yeeng, or me-yeeng. Arnocho Nupi Loe-moo ... Wife May Nepicho Motu M^h ... Child Look Uchhaydr Machd Loe-pai . • . Son Look-sai Uchho Nipa macha Pog ■ •• Daughter Look-yeeng Nechhapi Nupi macha Poe-moo ..• Slave Khah Bdn Mmdi Thon • •' Snake Cultivator Koon-hit-nah Chaigdtiki Lon-noa mi Shepherd Koon-layng-hso ... Bigabiyabang Shan silvd God Hprah Arnamgete Lai PMh ... Devil Mah-nat Chelango Tamnaba Takie, or takye ... Sun Kang-wan Ami Numit Mu, or moo Moon Leiin ChekeM Thd Star Low Tiklangcho Thdodlmichak ... Hts^ ■ • * Fire Hpai Me Mdi Mai • •• Water Nam Lang Ising Htee ... House Hefin Hem Tm Lam • •< Horse Ma Lochhai Sdgal Thai ( 5 ) compared with others. — (Continued.) 289 Poi of Burmoh. Talain of Pegu (Burmali.) Sontliali of Sonthal Pergunnalis, Western Bengal. Moondaree of Chota Magpore, Western Bengal. English. Ahow Gna-uk Data Data Tooth. Nakaw K-to Lutur Lutur Ear. Asshur Soke Up' Ub Hair. Lu K-dou, or k-neep . Boho Bo Head. PuUai L-tike Alan Alan or lee ... Tongue. Re K-na-ou Lach' Lai Belly. Nowlir Cha Dea Deyd Back. Tewaie P-soa Merhet' Mened Iron. Noung Soua Samarum Gold. Saun Rupa Rupa Silver. Opar Ma, or ma-auk A pa, baba Apu Patber. Onor Me or yai Enga, ayo Engd Motber. Antar Kou Boiha, bokot Hagd Brotber. Brotber (elder). Ta Brotber (younger). ! Shirtanoung Boa Ta-pra-ow Mis-era Misl Sister. Sister (elder). Sister (younger). Soirhar M-neeh, or m-neeh- Herel Horo (generic), Man. troo. Kord. > Sanoung M-neeh pra-ou Maejiu Kdri Woman. Alapenoung Pra-ou Era, aimai Kurl Wife. Trasenoung Knone Gidra Hon Cbild. Harsepa Kone-troo Kora-hopon Kora bon Son. Kone- pra-ou Kori-bopon Kiiri hon Daughter. Hshajr Deik Guti Dasi(bired) ... Slave. Purre Snake. Mneeh klone p-gnaer Siok'-icb' Kisan Cultivator. P-mong-soh Gupi Mabra; gupitani. Sbepberd. Kyike Thakur, bonga Sing bonga=: sun spirit. God. K-lok ma-er Maran-buru Bonga (all malicious spirits). Devil. Nai T-gnoa Ber-sin-cbando Singi Sun. Klapar K-to (Ninda) chando Cbandu Moon. Ase S-nong Ipil Ipil Star. K-mote Sengel Sengel Fire. Te Dike Dak' Dda Water. Aem S-gnee Ar-aF Oraa House. V Cheh Sadom Horse. 290 ( 6 ) Burmese Languages English. Shan of Burmah. Mekir of Cachar. Muneepooree. Tonghtoo of Burmah. Cow Woom^ Chdinong SuUamon Po-moo Dog Mah Mdtan Whui Htwee Tiger % Cat Meow Meng H&udang Ngyoung Cock Kai-pau Y^t Khya-tee Hen Duck Pit Bukak Nganu Kam-piS Ass Lau Lala Camel Ka-la-ook Ut Bird Nok Bowo Uchok wah Eice Chillies Bamboo Plantain Elephant Go Kwah T)i Cholo Loay Eat Keen Chhanon Chao Am Sit Nang Ininan Phamo Ong-lSng Come Mah Bdngnun Laku or Lao Lon Beat Yen, or pau, or tayng. Bagnun Yeoi yu Tway Stand Sook Ar japman Lepu Ong-htong Die Tai Titanglo Shiro Thee Give Pan Ke Piu Phay Buy Kill Drink Eun Len Kachang chang ... Chelu Losing Sell Up Neft Thurnan Mathak 0-kyee Down Tul Ininan Makha 0-Ia Before Nah, or pah-nah ... Aphrang Mamang Tha-ngah Near Sam Idung Nak Ban, or baw Far Kai Akai hinapi Arapa Ngyah Behind Lang or pah-lang... Api TungdS Tha-khya Who Hpulj or hpoo-lul... Kamadama Kand P^mie What Kah-hsang, or hsang Kapima Kari Tamie Why Hit-heu-le, or hit- hsang-le. Kapima Karina Poe-pyee-miS And Tangj or 16 Asumnd Tom But Payk-hsam, or kwai- kah. Tonva kumbashunag Nujin-htw&-pyee- now. ( 7 ) compared with others. — (Continued.) 291 Poi of Burmah. ralain of Pegu (Boimah.) Sonthali of Sontlial Pergunnahs, Western Bengal. liloondaree of Cliota Nagpore, WeBtern Bengal. English. Kla-ou-booh Gai Gai Dow. E Klur Setak' SeU Dog. Hsugge Tiger. P-koa Pusi Piisi Cat. Akawbir Saing-k-mok Sandi S^ndi Cock. Anooar Hen. A-ta-er Gede Koro Duck. Mai Gadha Gadba Ass. Oot Ut Unt Camel. Pawar K-chame Chere Cbene Bird. Bow Rice. Irhay Chillies. Remun Bamboo. May-pe Plantain. Hsuppir Elephant. Zer A Sen, cbala Senomen (imp.) Go. Guyar Cheer Jom lommen Eat. K-cho Darup' Dubmen Sit. Wewor Kloong Hejuk' EM; bijumen... Come. Baw Tok, or boong Dal Dalmen (imp.) Beat. T-tou Tingun Tingunmen ... Stand. Adir Chot Gujuk' Goi (root) ... Die. Pay Ka Em Urn ,i Give. Hsilasay Buy. Kill. Baw Drink. Nietay Row Krape Nir, dar Nir (root) ... Run. Sell. Ye L-toe Chetan Sirma=s k y ; cbeatan=upon. Up. A-hmau Latar Latar Down. K-ta Laba, maran saman... Aiar Before. Kraup Sor Nane Near. Gnoa Sangin Sanifi. Far. Lok-k-rou Tayom Tayom Behind. Nyeh-kawh-rou ... Okae, cbele Okoi Who. Moo-kaub-rou ... Chef Cbikan, cbinaa What. Moo-bat-rou Cbedat' Cbikana mente cbia. Why. Ka Ar, ado Oro And. Htoo-taub-sike-kaul 1 Men-kban Mendojbatkan 1 But. (Lit— If it be not so. ) , 292 C 8 ) Burmese Languages English. Shan of Burmab. Mekir of Cachar. Muneepooree, Tonghtoo of Burmah. If Pau, or hsang Badi Myin Yes Sul-yow Melo Hoe Moye, or moie No Am sul Bangri Nate Moye-tow Alas! Alo I-ing, hanang He Hein A father Pau (kau-neung) ... Pumaboli Pa 4m4 Pha-taphra Of a father Pau (kau- neung) . Pa amagi Pha akhrong To a father Tee pau, or hang pau (kau-neung). Hapo nepan pilakota Pl-da From a father Kah-lee-pau (kau- neung). Hanne-pu-pen Pd-tagi . Pha-d6 Two fathers Pau hsaung kau ... Pd-anee Pha-nee-phr^ Fathers Pau lul Pa-iambd Pha-ah Of fathers T)„,, 1,, Pa-iamgi Pha-4h-akhrong ... To fathers Tee pau lul, or hang pau lul. Nipo chhido Pa-pumnumakda... From fathers Kah tee pau lul ... Pa-pum numaktagi Pha-^h-dd A daughter Look yeeng (kau neung). Nechhapi innar ... Nupi machddma ... Poe-moo-ta-phr^ ... Of a daughter Look-yee n g (kau neung) . Nupimachagi PoS-moo-ah-akhrong To a daughter Lee look-yeeng, or hang look-yeeng (kau neung). Hope ponon Nupi machada From a daughter Kah tee look-yeeng (kau neung.) Hane chhapi penchi kelang. Nupi machadagi . . . Foe-moo- do Two daughters Look-yeeng hsaung kau. Nupi macha anee... Poe-moo-nee-phra. . Daughters Look-yeeng lul . . . Nechhapi Qs. aukapi Nupi macha-pum numak. Po^-moo-ah Of daughters Look-yee n g lul. Nupi macha pum numakgi. To daughters Lee look-yeeng lul, or hang look- yeeng lul. Hane chhapi abid- ing. Nupi machd pum numakda. Frbm daughters Kah tee look-yeeng lul. Nupi macha pum numakdagi. Poe-moo-dh-do ... A good man Koon lee (kau neung). Arlingethe Miafabdamd ... Loe-how-taphr& ... Of a good man Koon tee (kau neung). Mi afaba amagi ... Loe-how-akhr6ng... To a good man Tee koon lee, or hanji^ koon lee (kau neung). Arling ethepen ... Midf^badmadd ... ( 9 ) compared with others. — (Continued.) 293 Poi of Burmah. Talain of Pegu (Burmah.) Sonthali of Sonthal Pergunnalis, Western Bengal. Moondaree of Chota Nagpoie, ■Western Bengal. English. ' \>'' Yam Khan re or re do. If. Yuh He He Yes. Hoo-sa-ung (sit. — Not so.) Ban Kd, banc No. yai (sit.— Oh mother !) Haere Helaiya, hae, oh Alas! Ma or ma-auk Apa Apu A father. Apa-ren Apua Of a father. A pa- then Apu te To a father. Noo-ma Apa-khon Apu te From a father. Ma-ta Apa-kin Apukiii Two fathers. Ma-tau, or ma km- lung (sit. — All fathers.) Apa-ko Apako-ren Apuko Apuko4 Fathers. Of fathers. Apako-then Apu kote To fathers. Noo ma km-lung Apako-khon Apu kote From fathers. Kone pra-pu Hoponera Kurl horn A daughter. Hoponera-ren Kuri bond ... Of a daughter. Hoponera-then Kuri honte ... To a daughter. Hoponera-khon Ktiri honte ... From a daughter. Kone pra-ou ba ... Hoponerakin Kuri honkiii ,. . Two daughters. Kone pra-ou km- lung. Hoponerako Hoponerako-ren Kuri honko ... Kuri honkod... Daughters. Of daughters. 1 Hoponerako-then ... Kuri hon kote To daughters. i Hoponerako-khon . . . Kuri hon kote From daughters. Sorrhar par M-neeh kah Bugi herel Bugin boro . . . A good man. ; Bugi herel-ren Bugin bored,.. Of a good man. Bugi herel-then Bugin boro te To a good man. ^ ' c 3 294 ( 10 ) Burmese Languages English. Shan of Burmnh Mekir of Cachar. Muneepooree. Tonghtoo of Burmah. From a good mau Kah tee koon lee (kauneung). Arling ethe apdn .. Mi afdbd dmadagi... LoS-how-d6 Two good men Koon- lee hsaung kau. Mi afaba anee LoS-how-nee-phra. . Good men Koon lee lul Mi afaba pum nu- mak. Log-how-ah Of good men koon lee lul Mi afaba pum nu- makgi. Lo^-how-ah-akhrong To good men Tee koon lee lul, or hang koon lee lul. Mi afabd pum nu- makta. From good men Kah tee koon lee lul. Mi afaba pum nu- maktagi. LoS-h6w-&h-d6 ... A good woman Koon-yeeng lee, or hpoo-yeeng lee, or me-yeeng lee (kau- neung.) Arling ikhe apicbho Nupi afabi ^md ... Loe-moo-how-taphra Two good women . i i i • , Good women Koon-yeeng lee lul, or hpoo-yeeng lee lul, or me-yeeng lee lul. Arling ekhe apichho Nupi afabi pum nu- mak. Lo^-moo-how-ah ... Of a good woman ... To a good woman ... From a good woman... A bad boy Look-sai-aun hai ... Uchulango Augongphataba ama Loe-ki^-pai^taphra A bad girl Look-yeeng-aun hai Aruchulango Phatabi nupi macha amd. Loe-moo-kiS-pai- taphra. Good Lee Meechen Afaba Ahow Better Khen tee, or lee hsay. Okhak faba Aling-how Best Lee hsay peun Meelo Ydm na fdbd Ahow-thoot High Hsoong Ingtinang Aoangba A-ht6 Higher Khen hsoong, or hsoong hsay. ...... Okhd,k doangba . . . Ating-hto Highest Hsoong hsay peun Akang tuipi Yamua aongba A-hto-thoot A horse Ma-pau (to neung) Lochai ejndd Sagalama Thai-tee-t£tbah ... A mare Ma-me (to neung) Lochai api ejnad ... Sdgal amom ama ... Thai-moo-tabah ... Horses Ma-pau lul Lochai akangpi ... Sagol i amba Thai-tee-ah Mares Ma-me lul Lochdi api dkangpi Sagalamom iamba Thai-moo-ah A bull Wo-pau (to neung) Chdinung animacho ShaM amd P6-tsam-deS-tabah A cow Wo-me (to neung) Chainang anim pa- nang ejndd. Shal amom kmi ... P6-moo-tabah Bulls Wo-pau lul Animehho akangpi Sballaba iamba ... P6-tsam-dee-ah . . . ( 11 ) compared with others. — (Continued.) 295 Poi of BunnEih. Talain of Pegu (Burmah.) 3onthali of Sonthal Pergunnahs, Western Bengal. Moondaree of Chota Nagpore, Western Bengal. Englieh. Noo m-neeh kah ... Bugi herel-khon Bugin hoio te Prom a good man. M-nee kah ba Bugi-herel-kin Bugin horo kin Two good men. \ M-neeh-kah km- lung. Bugl-herel-ko Bugin hofoko Good men. Bugi-herel-ko-ren . . . Bugin horokoa Of good men. Bugi-herel-ko-then ... Bugin horo kote To good men. Noo m-neeh kah km-lung. Bugi-herel-ko-khon . . . Bugin horo kote From good men. Sanoung parne {pro- nounced like the Hin- M-neeh pra-ou kah Bugi maejiu Bugin kuri . . . A good woman. dustani pani, for water.) Bugi maejiukin Two good women. M-neeh pra-ou kah km-lung. Bugi maejiuko Bugi maejiu-ren Bugi maejiu- then ... Bugin kiiriko... Good women. Of a good woman. To a good woman. Bugi maejiu-khon . . . • From a good womai). Kone-troo tm-ruh Barich' kora Etkan kora ... A bad boy. Kone-pra-ou tm-ruh Etkankiiri ... A bad girl. Kah Bugi Bugin Good. Kah lone Arho bugi te bugin Better. Kah at Sanam-khon bugi or bugi. Sobente bugin, i. e^ of all. Best. Hldong Usui Salangi High. Hloong lone Arho usul (No comparative and superlative forms.) Higher. Hloong at Sanam-khon usal or usul uttar. (No comparative and superla tive forms.) ; Highest. Chehka-mok Andia sadom S&ndi sadom... A horse. Cheh booh Enga sadom Enga sadom ... A mare. Cheh km-lung ... Andia sadom ko Sandi sadom ko Horses. Cheh booh km-lung Enga sadomko Enga sadom ko Mares. Kla-ouk-mok ... Dangra Had4 A bull. Kla-ou booh Gai Gai A cow. Kla-ou k-mok km- Dangrako Hadako Bulls. lung. - -■ — 298 ( 12 ) Burmese Languages English. Shan of Burmah. Merkir of Cachar. Miineepooree. Tonghtoo of Burmah. Cows Wo-me lul Chinang dpi dkdngpi Shaldmom iambd... P6-moo-ah A dog Mahpau (to neung) Mathan ijon Whui »md Htwee-tee-tabah ... A bitch Mah-me (to neung) Math^n api ejnad . . . Whui amom dmd . . Htwee-moo-tabah . . Dogs Mah-paulul Mathan akdngpi ... Whui i amba Htwee-tee-ah Bitches Ma- me lul Mathan dpi ahurak akangpi. Whui amam i dmba Htwee-moo-ah A he-goat Pe-pau (to neung) Bianuijnad Hdmeng Idvd dmd Beh-tee-tabah A female goat Pe-me (to neung)... Biapi ejnad Hdmeng amom dmd Beh-moo-tabah . . . Goats Pelul Bi akangpi Hameng dmom i am- ba. Beh-ah A male deer Kwang-pau (to neung). Thiak dlu ejnad ... Shongdi Idiri dmd .. Aphraing-tee-tabah A female deer Kw5ng-me (to neung). Thiak dpi ejnad ... Shongdi amom amd Aphraing-moo-tabah Deer Kwang lul Thiak Shongai i ambd ... Aphraing-ah Guu Pig Koung (or drink from rice.) I am Kow-khah pin Netdm Ai o4 Kh6ay-ow Thou art Mulpin Nangho Nang 0^ Na-ow He is Man pin Haldnang Maoe Weh-ow We are How-khah pin Ndng kido kdbe ... Ikhoi oe Nee-ow You are Hsoo-pin Nang khoi oe Thee-ow They are Khow pin Makhoio^ Weh-thee-ow I was Khow-khah pin you Ai o6 rammi Aree-khoay-ow Thou wast Mul pin you Nang oe rammi ... Aree- na-ow He was Man pin you Ma oe rammi Aree- weh-ow We were How-khah pin you Ikhoi o6 rammi ... Aree-nee-ow You were Hsoo pin yon Nang khoi oe rammi Aree- thee-ow They were Khow pin you Makhoi o^ rammi... Aree- weh-thee-ow Be Pin {to exist), or mee {to be in some place or belonging to.) O^ba Ow To be Being (No independent form.) Mee-yoo Oebada Oe ri Ow Having been Mee-yoo sang 0^ ramli Ow-len-htoo I may be I can be (No independent form.) Kow-khah pin lai... Kow-khah talc me, or pin. Ai oe ydi Ai oegini, aioe gidaba matikoe. Khoay-ow-latam •• I shall be Khoay-ee-ow 1 should be (No independent form.) Khoay-ow-thang ... ( 13 ) compared with others. — (Continued.) 291^ Foi of Burmah. Talain of Pegu (Burmah.) Southali of Sonthal Pergunnahs, Westem Bengal. Moondaree of Chota Nagpore, ■Western Bengal. English. Kla-ou booh km- lung. Gaiko Gai ko Cows. Klue ke-mok Setak' Sandi seta ... A dog. Klur booh Enga setak' Engd seta A bitch. Klur k-moh km- lung. Klur booh km-lung Setak' ko Enga setak' ko Sandi seta ko Engdsetako ... Dogs. Bitches. K-b^k-mok Merom-andia Bakra A he-goat. K-b^-booh Merom-enga Engd, merom... A female goat. K-bel-km-lung Meromko Merom ko (ge- neric) . Goats. Krai k-m-mok 1 Sdndijilu A male deer. Krai booh Engdjilu A female deer. Sar Krai km-lung Jilu ko Deer. Metay Gun. Wow ' Pig. Fsamar Oa noom Menana, or kanan ... Ain menainyS Koung (or drink from rice.) I am. M-neh noom Menama^ or kanam ... Am menamed Thou art. Nyeh noom Meuaea, or kanae ... Ini menaiyd ... He is. Pooey noom Ale niienaled... We are. M-neh tau noom . . . Ape menaped You are. Kyneh tau noom . . . Ako menakod They are. ....■• Tahekonan Aiii tainkenain I was. Tahekonam Am tainkenam Thou wast. Tahekanae Ini tainkenai... Ale tainkenale Ape tainkenape Ako tainkenako He was. We were. You were. They were. Hoyuk' m^ Akanmen Be. Hoyuk' To be. Hoyuk' Akan Being. Hoeakan-khan Jan Having been. Hoyuk'-gi-chon I may be. I can be. Hoyuk'-an Oa I shall be. Hoe-kok'-an I should be. c 4 298 ( 14 ) Burmese Languages English. Shan of Burmah. Mekir of Caohar. Huneepooiee. Tonghtoo of Burmali. Beat Chak nun Ydiba Tway To beat Ydibdda Tway Beating Yairi Having beaten Yai rimi Tway-len-htoo I beat Kow-kah yen Ne-nang chhagi ... Ai yai Khoay-tway Thou beatest He beats Mul yen Man yen Pinang chhapabebe- dana. Hala chicha gadera Nang yai yu Ma yai Na-tway Weh-tway We two beat You two beat They two beat We beat How-khah yen ... Nechi-chaga-bereno Ikhoi yai Nee tway You beat Hsoo yen Kida kabe chhagelo Nang khoi yai ... Ma khoi ydi They beat Khow yen Hala turn chigi chak Weh-thee-tway ... I am beating Kow-khah yen yoo Ki yai ri Khaoy-ow-tway ... I was beating Ai yai ramli Khoay-ow-tway ngathai. I had beaten We two are beating ... Kow-khah yen yow yow. Ai yai khare Khoay-tway-len- htoo. We are beating I may beat [No independent form) Aiyaibayai Khoay-tway-nong I shall beat Kow-khah tak yen Aiyaigani Khoay-tway-now _,. I should beat {No independent form) Ai yai gidabaoe ... Kh oay-tway-thang I am beaten Kow-khah kham tang yen. Ai bu yai Khoay-kham-bah- len-atway. I was beaten Kow-khah lai kham tang yeng yow. Ai bu yai ri Khoay-kham-bah- len-atway. I shall be beaten Khow-khah tak lai kham tang yen. Aibuyaigani ... Khoay-ee-kham-bah- atway. I go Kow-khah kwah ... Nedam po Aichate Khoay loay Thou goest Mul kwah Nang dam nan ... Nang chate Ha-loay He goes Man kwah N4ng naam khunan Ma chate Weh-loay I went Kow-khah kwah you Nedam tang- pu ... Ai chalambu Khoay -loay-leu ... Thou wentest Mul kwah you Nang chalambu ... Na-loay-leu - ... He went Man kwah you ... Ma chalambu Weh-loay-leu' ... Go Kwah Chdlpd Loay Going Kwah yoon Chali A-loay-tong Gone Kwah you-you Chal khore Loay-len What is your name?... Seu mul haung sen hen ? {Lit, what do you call your name ?) Ndng men kapima ? Naming kari konS ? Na-myin pamie ? ( 15 ) .compared with others. — (Continued.) 299 Poi of Baimah. Talain of Pegu (Burmai.) Sonthali of Sonthal Pergunnahs, ■Western Bengal. Mondaroe of Chota Nagpore, Western Bengal. English. Baw Tok, or boong (pre- sent and infinitive ) Dal-m6 Dal Ddlmen (2 p.s. imp.) Ddltei Beat, To beat. Tok-mong Dadal, dal-ket-khan... Dal tan Beating. Tok to-ey Dalkedte Having beaten. Oatok Dal et'-an Ain dali ain ... I beat. M-neh tok Dal-et'-am Am dali am ... Thou beatest. Nyeh tok Dal-et'-ae Ini dali ai ... He beats. Dal-et'a lin Dal-et'-aben "We too beat. You too beat. Dal-et'-akin They too beat. Pooly tok Dal-et'-ale Ale dali ale ... We beat. M-neh tan tok Dal-et'-ape Ape ddli ape... You beat. Nyeh tau tok Dal-et'ako Ako ddli ako... They beat. Oa tok mong Dal-et'-kan-an Ain daltanaiii I am beating. Oa tok mong Ain daltan tai- kena. I was beating. Oa tok to-ey Dal-et'-kana-lin Dal-et'-kan-ale I had beaten. We two are beating. We are beating. [No equivalent with- out circumlocution.) Dail-gi-chon I may beat. Oa tok rong Dal-an Ain daleaiii ... I shall beat. Oa krike ka tok (/ ought to beat.) Oa'toongtok Dal-ke-an Dal-ochok'-kan-an ... (No passive form.) I should beat. I am beaten. Oa toong tok to-ey Dal-ocho-enan I was beaten. Oa toong tok rong (I must be beaten.) Oaa Dal-ochok'-au SenoF konan Ain senoain ... I shall be beaten. I go. M-neh a SenoF konam Am senoam ... Thou goest. Nyeh a Senok' konae Ini senoai He goes. Oa a toey Senenan Ain senkenain I went. M-neh a toey Senenam Am senkenam Thou wentest. ' Nyeh a Senenae Ini senkenai ... He went. Zer A Sen Senomeii Go. Among A toey ra Senok' Sen, or Senakan Senotan Senojan Going. Gone. Y-moo m-neh moo- kauh row ? Chet' nutum-tama ? ... Ama nutum chikana ? What is your name ? ( 16 ) Burmese Languages English. Shan of Burmah. Mekir of Cachar. Muneepooiee. Tonghtoo of Bunnah. How old is this horse ? Ma to nai a-hsak lai lai pee ? Ldbang cho alochhi ning kan kowa nasa ? Sagal ashi chahi koid shurva ? Thai-yo-phr^-htoo khong-mie ? How far is it from here to Kashmir ? Look kah tee nai kwah tee me\lng Ka-sha-meera kai kah heu ? Dak pen ha Kashmir kawan hiloma ? Ashi digi Kashmir koia lapa ? Ow-y6-t6m Cash- mere Sngyah khong-mie ? How many sons are there in your father's house ? Nul heun pau mul, mee look-sai lai kau? Nang pe atu ahem kawan athumar angma ? Nangi napagi macha koia shuva ? Na-ph^-Mm-p6-ow- khong-mi^-phra ? I have walked a long way to-day. Meu nai, kow-khah le kai te te. Ha akahi lopi pen- chi kibanglo. Ashi nimit yamna lapua chat liu. Ha-ni^-kh8ay-16ay- len-tEipoo-ngySh. The son of my uncle is married to her sister. Took-sai loong kow khah ownaung- yeeng koon-yeeng nan (that woman) lut may. Nepuno achho ang jin rapi bidkari tdnglo. Aigi khuragi macha na magi machal lour^. Kh6ay-phatan-p6-ie weh-poomoo. In the house is the saddle of the white horse. Nul heCin nai mee kaupma to pheAk nai eu. Hala bangsa ahem alo lochhai akelak jin dum4. Sagal angonbdgi sabal imdalai. Thai bwah-kop-ow- lam-ko. Put the saddle upon his back. Hsul kaup-ma neu lang man ta. Lochai athdk jin ar baknan. Sdgal sabal liaba ... Weh-ngS,ng-]6ng-on- dang kop. I have beaten his son with many stripes. Kow-khah la yen look-sai man hwai nam nah t^ te an. Nehala bangs-o in- glang a kingri chainang kiri. Mdgi machabu aina yamnd yaire. "Weh-p6-kh6ay-tway ahtsang-ah. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill. Mali layng wd lul ned pai kong an. Ma ching thak ta shan shete. Weh-ow-tee-p6-pS,na- kong-nei. He is sitting on a horse under that tree. Man naug yoo neu ma to neung tul toon mai nan au. Hala bang chho arleng theng pi arum lochai athak innichha. MSna ukhadd sagal tongdand lai. Weh-ow-on glang- thai-long-ow-o-tM- ing moohait. His brother is taller than his sister. Pee-sai man khen hsoong hsay pee nang man au. Hala bdngso arleng akling le te akibi ding munak. Machandagi moi ama udngi. Weh-wai-kh6-hto- len-weh-moo. The price of that is two rupees and a half. Kah an -nan tok ■ teng-kah hsaung khep pai kheung neung. Ldbang chho am- mkv chika hinira ddhuli. Masigi mal tangd anuee makhai. Ta-thoo-^-ngoe- thambat. My father lives in that small house. Pau kow-khah mee yoo nul heun aun nan au. Nepo bald hem cho- chid. Aigi ipd im apisada lai. Khoay-pha-ow-Mm- pai-now-ko. Give this rupee to him. Take those rupees from him. Pan man teng-kah khep neung nai ta, or pau teng-kah khep neung ' nai hang man ta. Nook ow teng-kah sen nan-kah tee , man ta. Hdla dhan pinan ... Hald dhan panan . . . Tanga si maugdndd pio. Tdnga i amba ^man- gantagi lou. Tankjl-y6-tabee- phay-weh-thoo. Htoo-tank£t-ah-6- weh-thoo. Beat him well and bind him with ropes. Yen man tee tee le ow mat man tang seuk lul ta. FMK jaohhene cha- ganan ari kaga- dangnan. Mdbu zarana ydi yu shdmna thourina pulla. W eh-thoo-tway-how- tsong-tom-taplwee. ( 17 ) compared with others. — (Continued.) 301 Poi of Burmah. Talaiu of Pegu (Burmah.) Bouthali of Sonthal Pergunnahs, ■Western Bengal. Moondaree of Chota Nagpore, Western Bengal. English. Oheb woo ayook moo chee rou ? Noi sadom do tin sermaren konae ? Ne sadom chi- min sinua hobdkand, ? How old is this horse ? Nog enau tur ka reah Cashmere bot Im-gnore row? Nondekhon Kashmir- te tin sangina ? Nea te Kashmir chiminan sa- nina? How far is it from here to Kashmir? P-dore s-gnee ma m-neh kone-troo noom mo che rou ? Apum orak're tinak' hopon menakoa? Apuma ora& re chimin kora honko mena- kod? How many sons are there in your father's house ? T-gnore woo oa kwike gnore toey ra. Tehen adi sangen in sentaramket'a. Sisiii ain asu saniiia tein hijulena. I have walked a long way to-day. Mamonren hopon oniren miseratit^ thene capla akana. Kakainyaa hon te kora inia mis^ loo aran- diakanai. The son of ray uncle is married to her sis- ter. Peon cheh p-taing noom p-doa sngee. Pond sadomreak^ palan or ak're menak'a. Oraa re pundi sadoma jin mena. In the house is the saddle of the white horse. P-tou poon 1-too cha deh. Deare palan lade ae me. Nid deya re jin doimen. Put the saddle upon his back. Hopontit' adi dal in dal akadea. Ain inia hon kodra te isu hansakiya. I have beaten his son with many stripes. Nyeh ma-ung mong kla-ou 1-too tur. Buru chot chotte gaie atin et'ko kana. Ini burn chetan re uri ko gupi- tanai. He is grazing cattle on the top of the hill. Nyeh k-cho mong Itoo cheh a-hmau t-nome choo ta. Hana dare butare sadomre e dech' akana. En daru siibd re ini sadom re dubakanai. He is sitting on a horse under that tree. Kou nyeh hloong lone noo boa nyeh ra. Miseratit' khon, bo- kottit' e usula. Inia hagd te inia misiate sal-angiakanai. His brother is taller than his sister. Gnoo traup kauh tauhba t-ka k-pat. Anareak' gonon tet' do bartaka tala. End r^a gonon bdr taka adali mend. The price of that is two rupees and a half Ma oa mong p-doa sngee dote ta. Apundo hana hopon hopon orak^re e tahen kana. Apuiii en hudiii orad re taint- anai. My father lives in that small house. Saun moa k-ta kauh ka nyeh nye. Noa taka emae me. Ne taka umai men. Give this rupee to him Saun kauh kate noo nyeh. Ma noako taka oni then khon atan me. En taka ko ini tate aguimen. Take those rupees from him. Tok deh klung toey ta-uk ka chook. Bugite dalepue or ba- berte tol kae me. Khub dalimen oro baiar te tholimen. Beat him well and bind him with ropes. 302 { 18 ) Burmese Languages English. Shan of Barmah. Mekir of CachaT. Muueepooree. Tonghtoo of Barmah. Draw water from the well. Walk before me "Whose boy comes be- hind you ? From whom did you buy that ? From a shop-keeper of the village. Tek nam kah tee nam man ta. Kwah le^ pah-nah kow-khah ta. Look hpul mah pah- lang mul '( Hseu an-nan kah tee hpul ? Kahtee koon khai- kho nul wan nai. Ldng tuk alldng nang chhaganun. Afrdng afrang ddm bamuun. Nangki kanad &ja- chho ndng klduna- ma? Mate penachi nang ke namnia ? Hala b4ngso dukan penaehiDang ke- ndm. Kuba dagi ising shak-u. Ai-mangda challa. Natungdd kanake angang lae. Kdoa dagi lai ? Khungi dukan dar- dagi. Bon-htee-ong Loay-khoay t^ngHh PSmie-pai Ion ni th^khya ? 0-tS,-thoo-n4- phray- pami^-do ? D6ng-k6-htsai-thee- do. ( 19 ) compared with others. — (Concluded.) 303 Poi of Buxmah. Talain of Pegu (Burmah.) Sonthali of Sonthal Pergunnahs, Western Bengal. Moondaree of Chota Nagpore, Western Bengal. English. Took dike noo dike p-ting. Kui khon dak' lo agui me. Kuan te daa urunemen. Draw water from the well. Kwike k-ta oa. In saman samante {or iaha la hate) chalak' me. Ainya aiar re senomeh. "Walk before me. Krone-troo m-kloong lek-a-row kauh tauh kone nyeh kaiih rou? Okoeren kora hopon am ta gomte e he juk'kana? Okoia kora hon ama tayomte hijutana ? Whose boy comes be- hind you ? Trope kauh m-neh ran nyeh kauh rou? Oua do okoe then an kirin ket'a ? End, am okai ta tern kirinlaa. From whom did you buy that ? Oa ran noo m-neeh p-neik p-doa quan. Atoreh mit' tan dokan then. Hatu reu moy- ad dokanii ta te. From a shop-keeper of the village. SPECIMENS LANGUAGES OF INDIA INCLtTDINa THOSE OF IHK ABORIGINAL TRIBES OF BENGAL, CENTRAL PROVINCES, AND THE EASTERN FRONTIER. PRINTED AT THE BENGAL SECRETARIAT PRESS. 1874.