CORNELL?, 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
Cornell University Library 
 PM 2401.Z73 1909 
 
 Takelma texts. 
 
 3 1924 027 108 962 .."....> ^ 
 
 1 DATE DUE 
 
 
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 FBfin! 
 
 rnasni 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 HIM 
 
 nyOraH 
 
 2 
 
 
 — Juik "i 
 
 L/ 
 
 
 
 XWI tl 
 
 L 6 
 
 
 DEC 
 
 8 8B, w ^ 
 
 
 
 dk 
 
 r 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 GAYLORD 
 
 
 
 PRINTED IN U S A. 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924027108962 
 
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM 
 VOL. II. NO. 1. 
 
 TAKELMA TEXTS 
 
 BY 
 EDWARD SAPIR 
 
 GEORGE LEIB HARRISON RESEARCH FELLOW IN ANTHROPOLOGY 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM 
 
 1909 
 
19 oq 
 
 
 % 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Introduction S 
 
 Key to the Phonetic System Employed 8 
 
 I. Myths 13 
 
 1. Coyote and his Rock Grandson: 
 
 Text and Interlinear Translation 13 
 
 Free Translation 18 
 
 2 . Daldal as Transformer : 
 
 / 
 
 Text and Interlinear Translation 21 
 
 Free Translation 34 
 
 3. Panther and his Deer- Wife: 
 
 Text and Inteilinear Translation 42 
 
 Free Translation 50 
 
 4. Panther and Coyote : 
 
 Text and Interlinear Translation 54 
 
 Free Translation 64 
 
 5 . Coyote and Fox : 
 
 Text and Interlinear Translation 70 
 
 Free Translation 79 
 
 6. Coyote and Pitch 87 
 
 7 . Coyote in a Hollow Tree 91 
 
 8. Coyote Visits the Land of the Dead 97 
 
 9. Coyote and the Origin of Death 99 
 
 10. Coyote Goes Courting loi 
 
 11. Jack Rabbit is Calumniated by Coyote . ... 109 
 
 12. Beaver Ferries the Deer across Rogue River 113 
 
 13. Grizzly Bear and Black Bear 117 
 
 14. Eagle and the Grizzly Bears 123 
 
 15. Chicken-Hawk Revenges himself upon Medicine-Men. . . . 143 
 
 (3) 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 i6. The Four Otter Brothers and Chicken-Hawk 149 
 
 17. The Otter Brothers Recover their Father's Heart 155 
 
 18. Crow and Raven Go for Water 163 
 
 19. Skunk, the Disappointed Lover 165 
 
 20. TheFlood 167 
 
 21. Acorn Woman Revenges herself Upon a Medicine-Man ... 169 
 2 2 . Rock Woman and a Mountain are a Medicine-Man's Bane . . 171 
 
 23. The Rolling Skull 174 
 
 24. Eel the Singer 175 
 
 II. Customs and Personal Narratives 177 
 
 1 . How a Takelma House was Built 177 
 
 2 . Marriage 177 
 
 3 How a Feud was Settled 179 
 
 4. How a Bad-hearted Medicine-Man has his Guardian 
 
 Spirits Driven out of him 183 
 
 5. Frances Johnson is Cured by a Medicine- Woman 185 
 
 6. A Raid of the Upper Takelma 189 
 
 III. Medicine Formulas 195 
 
 1. When Screech-Owl Talks 195 
 
 2. When Hummingbird is Seen 195 
 
 3. When Hooting-Owl Talks 195 
 
 4. When Yellowhammer Talks 195 
 
 5 . When the New Moon Appears 197 
 
 6. When there is a Heavy Fall of Snow 197 
 
 7. When it Storms in Winter 197 
 
 8. When a Whirlwind Comes 199 
 
 9. A Prayer to the Wind 199 
 
 10. When there is a Heavy Rain 199 
 
 11. When one Sneezes 199 
 
 Vocabulary 2 
 
 01 
 
TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The material presented in this volume was collected during 
 the latter part of July and during August, 1906, in Siletz 
 Reservation, western Oregon. The work was done under 
 the direction of the Bureau of American Ethnology and by 
 the recommendation of Prof. Franz Boas; thanks are due to 
 the Chief of the Bureau for permission to publish the texts in 
 this series. As holder of a Harrison Research Fellowship in 
 Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania in 1908-09 I 
 was enabled to prepare the texts for publication in a manner 
 that, it is hoped, will be found sufficiently critical. It is a 
 pleasure to thank the authorities of this University for the 
 facilities afforded in this work. 
 
 Though the Takelma language represents one of the dis- 
 tinct linguistic stocks of North America, the number of individ- 
 uals that can be said to have anything like a fluent speaking 
 knowledge of it is quite inconsiderable, barely more than a 
 handful in fact. Under the circumstances it is therefore a 
 source of congratulation that enough of the folk-lore of the 
 Takelmas could be obtained to enable one to assign these Indians 
 a definite place in American mythology. Of both the texts and 
 complementary linguistic material the sole informant was 
 Frances Johnson (Indian name Gwisgwashan) , a full-blood 
 Takelma woman past the prime of life. It is largely to her 
 patience and intelligence that whatever merit this volume may 
 be thought to have is due. The grammatical material obtained 
 has been worked up into a somewhat detailed study now in 
 press as part of the Handbook of American Indian Languages 
 edited by Prof. Boas. The few items of an ethnological charac- 
 ter that were obtained incidentally to the linguistics and mytho- 
 
 (5) 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 logy have been incorporated in two short articles, "Notes on the 
 Takelma Indians of Southwestern Oregon" {American Anthro- 
 pologist, N. S., Vol. 9, pp. 251-275) and "Religious Ideas of the 
 Takelma Indians of Southwestern Oregon" {Journal of American 
 Folk-lore, Vol. XX, pp. 33-49). 
 
 A special effort has been made to give an adequate idea of 
 the phonetic character of the language and, barring evident 
 inaccuracies of perception, to render the sounds exactly as heard. 
 Hence the rather frequent occurrence of phonetic variants 
 from the forms considered normal. The orthography employed 
 here is the same as that used in the grammatical study referred 
 to, except that in the pseudo-diphthongs the mark of length 
 has been omitted as unnecessary (thus a^ is used for a* and 
 correspondingly for the other pseudo-diphthongs) ; for typo- 
 graphical reasons 1 and m with circumflex accent have had to be 
 replaced by T, m^ (these are meant to correspond to h). The 
 translation is as literal as is consistent with intelligible English. 
 It is hoped that this, together with the interlinear version of the 
 first five myths and the vocabulary of stems at the end of the 
 volume, will enable anyone that has read the grammar to 
 analyze satisfactorily any of the texts. 
 
 Owing to the comparative dearth of published mythologic 
 material from Oregon it is premature to discuss the relations of 
 Takelma mythology. A few of the more important facts are 
 clear, however. Despite the Californian character of Takelma 
 culture the mythology differs strikingly from the typical mythol- 
 ogy of central California in at least two important respects — 
 the absence of a creation myth and the presence of a well- 
 defined culture-hero myth; in these respects it agrees with the 
 mythology of northwestern California. On the other hand, the 
 mythology differs from that of northern Oregon in its failiire 
 to identify the culture-hero with Coyote. Coyote occurs fre- 
 quently enough in the myths, but never as culture-hero, though 
 sometimes as transformer; as in California his primary role is 
 that of trickster. Not a few of the myths and myth motives 
 found distributed in northern California, Oregon, Washington, 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 and adjoining sections of the Plateau area are, naturally enough, 
 also represented among the Takelmas. Such are the Bear and 
 Deer story (Grizzly Bear and Black Bear in Takelma), the tale 
 of two sisters sent to marry a chief but deceived by Coyote, 
 the rolling skull, the asking of advice of one's own excrement, 
 and the growing tree with the eagle's nest.' On the whole, 
 however, the myths differ rather more from what little compara- 
 tive material is available (Coos, Klamath, Tillamook, Chinook, 
 Kathlamet, Wasco, Hupa, Achomawi, Atsugewi) than might have 
 been expected. Yet too much stress should not be laid on this, 
 as the published Klamath material is inconsiderable in extent, 
 while the mythologies of the Kalapuya, Shasta, and the various 
 Athabascan tribes of Oregon are still unpublished. It seems 
 clear, however, that not only linguistically but also in respect 
 to mythology the region south of the Columbia and extending 
 into northern California was greatly differentiated. 
 
 Edward Sapir. 
 
 Philadelphia, June 23, 1909. 
 
 ' There are special relationships with northern California, as evidenced by the 
 story of the contest of Fox and Coyote, the story of Coyote stuck to pitch or a 
 stump, and that of Coyote locked up in a hollow tree. 
 
KEY TO THE PHONETIC SYSTEM EMPLOYED. 
 
 Vowels. 
 
 1. Monophthongs. 
 
 a as in German Mann. 
 
 e open as in English men. 
 
 i open as in English bit. 
 
 close as in German Sohn but short in quantity. Apt to be 
 
 heard as u. 
 U as in English put. Probably no true Takelma vowel, but heard 
 
 variant of o or ii. 
 U approximately midway between u and German short u in Miitze, 
 
 probably high-mixed-rounded. Apt to be heard as u. 
 a long as in German Kahn. 
 
 h long and open as in French f&te, scene. 
 
 1 long and close as in German viel. Sometimes used as short and 
 
 close variant of i. 
 
 5 long and close as in German Sohn. 
 
 U close as in English rule. Probably always heard variant of ii or u. 
 
 U long ii; very nearly Swedish u in hus. Apt to be heard as u. 
 
 e close and short as in French 6t6. Occurs only as heard variant 
 
 of i. 
 
 6 open as in German voU, though with less distinct lip-rounding. 
 
 Arises from labialization of a. 
 
 4 long as in English law. Occurs very rarely, chiefly in inter- 
 
 jections. 
 
 a as in English fat. Occurs only in interjections. 
 
 A as in English but. Occurs rarely, either as variant of a or in 
 
 interjections. 
 
 E obscure vowel as in unaccented English the. Occurs very 
 
 rarely, chiefly as glide between consonants. 
 
 2. Pseudo-diphthongs. ' 
 
 a^ like a but with rearticulated short a. Approximately like 
 English far when pronounced with vocalic substitute of r 
 (fa^), but with clear a-quality held throughout. 
 
 e^ like h but with rearticulated short e. Approximately like 
 English there (with qualifications analogous to those made 
 under a*). 
 
 (8) 
 
KEY XO THE PHONETIC SYSTEM EMPLOYED. 
 
 2. Pseudo-diphthongs, continued. 
 
 i' like T but with rearticulated short i. 
 
 o" like 6 but with final u-vanish. Sometimes, though less fre- 
 quently, heard as variant of organic diphthongs ou or ou. 
 u" like <i but with rearticulated short u. Heard variant of u". 
 ■ii" like ti but with rearticulated short ii. 
 
 Note: a, e, 1, 6", VL, ■& are necessarily pseudo-diphthongs (see 
 below for meaning of circumflex accent) . 
 
 Diphthongs. 
 
 ai, ei, oi, ui (variant of oi or iii) , ui 
 
 an, en, lu, ou 
 
 ai, ei, oi, ui (variant of ui or ui), ui 
 
 au, feu, iu, ou 
 
 u" 
 
 u" 
 
 U" 
 
 aUE iug 
 
 O' 
 
 i-diphthongs with short 
 vowel as first element. 
 Quality of vowels as 
 described above, thus 
 oi = short close o -|- i , not 
 oi in English boil, 
 u-diphthongs with short 
 
 vowel as first element, 
 i-diphthongs with dis- 
 tinctly long vowel as 
 first element. Thus ai 
 differs from ai as did ai 
 in Greek 'ai from ai 
 in 'a. 
 u-diphthongs with dis- 
 tinctly long vowel as 
 first element. Thus au 
 differs, from au as does 
 £u in Lithuanian ausis 
 from au in raudmi. 
 (variant of o'^ or u'^), u'* (variant of li'^ or ti'^), 
 shortened i-diphthongs followed by glottal catch 
 (see below for explanation of ^). i is extremely 
 short in quantity, being swallowed up, as it 
 were, in ^. 
 shortened u-diphthongs followed by glottal catch. • 
 u analogous to i above. 
 
 Consonants. 
 
 b, d, g voiceless mediae, acoustically intermediate between voiced 
 
 ' (sonant) and unvoiced (surd) stops. Probably identical 
 with Upper German b, d, g. Whispered b, d, g seem 
 difificult to distinguish from these intermediate stops. 
 
10 KEY TO THE PHONETIC SYSTEM EMPLOYED. 
 
 dj like English j in judge, but probably intermediate in 
 
 regard to sonancy. Occurs only in interjections, 
 p', t', k' aspirated voiceless stops. Approximately like English 
 p, t, k in pin, tin, kin, though perhaps with slightly 
 more marked aspiration. 
 
 k"" aspirated labiaHzed k; in other words, k followed by 
 
 labialized breath or voiceless w. 
 
 p!, t!, k! unaspirated voiceless stops pronounced with glottal articu- 
 lation; in other words, glottis is closed during making 
 of contact and pause of consonants and is not opened 
 until after release of consonant contact. Crackly effect 
 with slight hiatus before following vowel results. 
 Perhaps somewhat greater stress of articulation is 
 involved, whence these consonants have been termed 
 "fortes." 
 
 ts"! (variants are ts! and tc!) "fortis" of ts" (ts,tc), i. e., palatal 
 
 affricative consisting of t + s" 
 (s, c; see below for explanation 
 of s" and c). ts" itself does not 
 occur in Takelma. 
 
 S as in English sit. 
 
 C as in English ship, s and c are really heard variants of 
 
 S" voiceless sibilant midway acoustically between s and c. 
 
 Perhaps best produced by pressing surface of tongue 
 against alveolar ridge. 
 
 1, m, n as in English. When final after (or before?) glottal catch 
 
 they tend to become voiceless, e.g., naga^n, baxd^m, 
 heMF. With preceding tautosyllabic long or short 
 vowels they form true diphthongs. 
 
 L voiceless palatalized 1. Common in many Pacific Coast 
 
 languages, but in Takelma it occurs only in interjections 
 and as inorganic consonant in Grizzly Bear's speech. 
 
 X voiceless spirant as in German Bach but pronounced 
 
 further forward, particularh^ before palatal vowels. 
 
 h as in English. 
 
 W as in English. 
 
 y as in English yes. 
 
 ^ denotes labialization of preceding consonant (k'"", h'^. 
 
 When followed by vowel (as in gux^P) it denotes very 
 weakly articulated w, generally due to labial vowel of 
 preceding syllable. 
 
 ^ glottal catch. Glottis is momentarily closed. 
 
KEY TO THE PHONETIC SYSTEM EMPLOYED. H 
 
 ' denotes aspiration of preceding consonant or, less fre- 
 
 quently, vowel. 
 
 ° denotes nasalization of preceding vowel. Occurs only in 
 
 interjections. 
 
 Accents and other Diacritical Marks. 
 
 ' falling accent. Denotes fall in pitch of stressed vowel. Vowel 
 
 starts with higher pitch than that of preceding syllable but 
 falls during its production. This pitch accent comes out 
 most clearly in long vowels and diphthongs. When found 
 on shoit vowels, fall of pitch strikes following syllable. 
 
 ^ raised accent. Found on short vowels or unitonal long vowels 
 
 and diphthongs (generally in last syllable of word) . Denotes 
 higher pitch than in preceding syllable but without imme- 
 diately following fall as in case of ' It is best considered 
 as abbreviated form of ~ , i. e., vowel or diphthong reaches 
 its higher tone immediately instead of sliding up to it. 
 When e occurs in word that has no other accent mark, it 
 denotes short e with raised accent, not long vowel fe. 
 
 ~ rising accent. Found only on long vowels and diphthongs. 
 
 Denotes gradual rise in pitch. With ' first part of long 
 vowel or diphthong is higher than second, with ~ first part 
 is lower than second. When 1 or m is second element of 
 diphthong, following ^ is substituted (thus ai, au, an, 
 but al\ am^) . 
 
 -I- denotes more than normal length of preceding vowel or con- 
 sonant, 
 denotes marked separation between diphthong-forming vowels. 
 ( ) enclose words in English translation not found in Indian 
 original. 
 
I. MYTHS. 
 
 I. Coyote and his Rock Grandson. 
 
 Baxdis hulk' 
 
 Wolf, Panther, 
 
 guxda beydn ml 
 
 his wife, his daughter 
 
 =;issgae 
 
 beydn. 
 
 his daughter. 
 
 Gane'hi^ 
 
 Now, it is said, 
 
 p ! agd-ida^. 
 
 girl when she was 
 
 bathing. 
 
 ei silnaga'^ 
 
 canoe he arrived one 
 
 on river^ 
 
 Mi' hoyoi wa-iwi' 
 
 Then he stole her girl. 
 
 wili ixdil sgisi mex 
 
 houses ten; Coyote, Crane 
 
 di'heleya^ wa-iwI 
 
 le sleeping on girl, 
 
 board platform 
 
 hal alt 'gem ba^dini^x 
 
 clouds black they spread out 
 
 in long strips 
 
 Dugwit'gwa ba-ixod6xat' 
 
 Her skirt she took it off. 
 
 SglSl 
 
 Coyote 
 
 Sgisi 
 
 Coyote 
 
 dahoxa 
 
 at evening 
 time 
 
 p ! aga'^ 
 
 she bathed ; 
 
 mi'^sga^ 
 
 bumxi 
 
 Otter 
 
 yank"^. 
 
 he took her 
 with him. 
 
 dap^ala-u 
 
 youth. 
 
 Mi'hi^ 
 
 Then, it 
 is said. 
 
 ei 
 
 canoe 
 
 ddn 
 
 stone 
 
 ba-isilixgwa. 
 
 he landed 
 with it. 
 
 ba«ilele%' 
 
 he took up and 
 put in her ; 
 
 hawilit'gwa 
 
 into his own 
 house 
 
 Wa-iwi 
 
 Girl 
 
 SglSl 
 Coyote 
 
 Mi'hi^ 
 
 Then, it 
 is said, 
 
 sgisi 
 
 Coy te ; 
 
 t'gwan 
 
 slave 
 
 ginik'^ 
 
 he came 
 with her. 
 
 mEhwi'^ 
 
 she was 
 pregnant, 
 
 hats !61ol 
 
 he missed 
 her; 
 
 albinix la^le\ 
 
 mourning he became. 
 
 wa-iwi 
 
 girl 
 
 ha'pxwi 
 
 child 
 
 o't' dugi' 
 
 he looked her 
 for her, skirt 
 
 Ulum 
 
 Formerly 
 
 p!a-imats!kk'. 
 
 she gave birth 
 to it. 
 
 ya, 
 
 just 
 
 p !iyin 
 
 deer 
 
 t !ayak' 
 
 he found it 
 
 mahdi 
 
 large 
 
 Gani'hi^ 
 
 Now, it is 
 said, 
 
 haxiyk. 
 
 in the 
 water. 
 
 t lomddmt 
 
 he used to 
 kill them 
 
 mr 
 
 now 
 
 SglSl 
 Coyote 
 
 p !iym 
 
 deer 
 
 SglSl 
 Coyote 
 
 k !emgn 
 
 he was 
 made 
 
 beyan. 
 
 his daughter. 
 
 SglSl. 
 Coyote. 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Then 
 
 wet'gin 
 
 he was 
 deprived of, 
 
 A'n?= yok!''6i 
 
 Not he knew it 
 
 p liyax 
 
 fawns 
 
 p laiyuwo^ 
 
 it was born 
 
 hapxi 
 
 child. 
 
 ya ogoigin 
 
 just he was always 
 given, 
 
 giniyagwA'nma^ 
 
 she had been 
 gone with 
 
 k!ay;l'^ Mi' mahai 
 
 it grew up. Then big 
 
 gWl 
 where 
 
 ' In these myths all river references are to Rogue River in southwestern Oregon. 
 
 (13) 
 
14 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 hapxitli't'a p!a-imats!ak'. 
 
 boy ' she had given birth 
 
 to him. 
 
 Gane'hi^ ei wlk'wa. 
 
 Now, it is canoe he traveled 
 said, around with it. 
 
 gindk'de^. Da^mdxau. Ge gin^k'de^. 
 
 I shall go." " Far away." "There I shall go." 
 
 la^e^ 
 
 he became 
 
 hina-a. 
 
 up river." 
 
 Malak'ehi. 
 
 She told him. 
 
 Hinde 
 
 ' Mother! 
 
 Gwind,t'edi? Da^molhe^t' 
 
 How in appear- "Red-eared, 
 
 ance?" 
 
 Klasi^t' wa-iwi't'a bok'dan bals. 
 
 "Your maternal female* neck long, 
 
 grandparent 
 
 MaMi lale hapxitle't'a. 
 
 Big he had boy. 
 
 become 
 
 Klasi'H' 
 
 Your maternal 
 grandparents 
 
 wik !asi wa*da 
 
 my maternal to them 
 grandparents 
 
 Yelnad^^^ Yanat'e^ 
 
 "You will " I shall go. 
 
 become lost." 
 
 itclop'al hadanxmole^t nagahi^. 
 
 sharp -handed,' in ear red," she said to him, 
 
 it is said. 
 
 Then, it 
 is said. 
 
 dalyewe'^ ei 
 
 he went canoe 
 off: 
 
 ba^sak'^. 
 
 he paddled it 
 up stream. 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 J I J J I J |J 
 
 Gun-gun^ 
 
 "Otter 
 
 Mp'-da yan-t'e^ 
 
 his child I go," 
 
 nagd-ihi^. 
 
 he said, it is 
 said. 
 
 wili gadkk' 
 
 house on top of? 
 
 dexebenkt'? 
 
 you spoke?" 
 
 Wlli gadak' nagd,'^ 
 
 House on top of he made: 
 
 t'UL t'UL t'UL. 
 
 t'uL t'uL t'uL. 
 
 N6k'di yax 
 
 "Who graveyard 
 
 Ne 
 
 'Well, 
 
 abailiu. 
 
 look inside! 
 
 nagd'^. 
 
 (some one) 
 said. 
 
 Map^a 
 
 "You (pi.) 
 just 
 
 Abailiwili"^ 
 
 He looked 
 
 Ge yax wili nagdit'edi? Gwindt'edi 
 
 "There grave- house did you say?" How in appear- 
 yard ance 
 
 gwindt'edi eit'p' gand,t'si^ eit'e^. 
 
 how in appear- you are? just so in I am." 
 
 ance appearance 
 
 alit'ba'gin sinit'gil^^sgWA 
 
 he was hit ; he scratched his 
 
 yom 
 
 blood 
 
 menge 
 
 full 
 
 yd^hi 
 
 just 
 
 he^ileme^k' ydp^a 
 
 he did away people 
 
 with them. 
 
 inside, 
 
 lane\ 
 
 he became. 
 
 t lornom 
 
 he killed 
 them 
 
 Abaigini%' 
 
 He went inside ; 
 
 aldil. 
 
 all. 
 
 nose, 
 
 alit'b^gat'bak' 
 
 he hit them all. 
 
 Tc !olx 
 
 " Indian 
 money' 
 
 o-6s"ip'. 
 
 do you (pi.) 
 give me!" 
 
 yap^'a 
 
 people 
 
 Tclolx 
 
 Indian 
 money 
 
 'Lit., "child-male." 
 
 'So heard for yalnadd' . 
 
 ' i. e., having sharp claws. 
 
 * i. e., your maternal grandmother, 
 
 ' Mrs. Johnson was uncertain about the meaning of this word, but thought it 
 must have been the myth name of otter (ordinarily buiitxi). 
 
 ' Dentalia were regularly used as money by many of the tribes of Oregon and 
 northern California. 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 15 
 
 o-ogoyin dak'dagwa klowu. Gane xi igl'na 
 
 he was given; over himself he put it. Then water he took it, 
 
 Gane bd,^iyewe''n aldil tclolx ogoyin. 
 
 alp'oup'auhi. 
 
 he blew on it. 
 
 Then 
 
 he made them 
 recover 
 
 Gane ya^. 
 
 Then he went. 
 
 all; 
 
 Indian 
 money 
 
 he was 
 
 given. 
 
 
 2 'i 
 4 J 
 
 S 
 
 > 
 
 J J 
 
 > 
 J 
 
 J ^ 
 
 
 Gun-gun 
 
 "Otter 
 
 hap'-da 
 
 his child 
 
 yan-t'e^ 
 
 I go," 
 
 nagd'^, 
 
 he said. 
 
 Gane nek' da* 
 
 Then "Who 
 
 yax 
 
 graveyard 
 
 will 
 
 house 
 
 gadkk' 
 
 on top of? 
 
 yax wili nagdit'edi? 
 
 graveyard house did you say?" 
 
 abailiu. Abailiwilo^k"^ 
 
 look inside!" He looked inside, 
 
 ya. Abaigini^k' 
 
 just. He went inside, 
 
 mengi' 
 
 full 
 
 nagd'^. Ge 
 
 (some one) "There 
 said. 
 
 Gwinat'edi dexebenkt' ? Ne 
 
 "How in appearance you spoke? Well, 
 
 alit'ba'gin sin^it'gile^sgwa yom 
 
 he was hit; he scratched his nose, blood 
 
 alit'bagat'bak' he«ileme«k'. Tclolx 
 
 he hit them all, he did away 
 with them. 
 
 o-6s'ip' t lumuii'xdaba^. Tc!olx 
 
 do you (pi.) as you have Indian 
 
 give me, hit nae." money 
 
 xi igi'na ba^yewe'^. 
 
 water he took; they recovered.^ 
 
 Gane yd®. Xu'^n 
 
 Then he went. Night 
 
 o-ogoym. 
 
 he was given. 
 
 Xi 
 
 Water 
 
 Indian 
 money 
 
 ba^ank'"" 
 
 he took 
 it up. 
 
 la^e^ 
 
 it became ; 
 
 ei 
 
 canoe 
 
 ganau 
 
 inside of 
 
 Maldk'i k'abdxa ge klasi'^t' bok'dan bals 
 
 She had her son, "There your maternal neck long, 
 
 told him grandparents 
 
 itc!6p'al. Aba-igini^k'. Alxi'k' 
 
 He went inside. He saw him 
 
 ba-isak'^. 
 
 he paddled 
 to land. 
 
 da^molhe't' 
 
 red-eared, 
 
 sharp-handed." 
 
 alxi'k' 
 
 he saw him 
 
 b6k'dan 
 
 neck 
 
 wikldsi. 
 
 my maternal 
 grandparents?' 
 
 itc!6p'al. Wa-iwi't'a 
 
 sharp-handed. Female 
 
 bals gwelxda bals. 
 
 long, her legs long. 
 
 dasgd,xi 
 
 long- 
 mouthed 
 
 ga^al yewe'® 
 
 to he turned; 
 
 Gadi nak'ik' 
 
 "That it is that she 
 said of them 
 
 hada'nxmolhe^t ' 
 
 in ear red. 
 
 Banx 
 
 Hunger 
 
 tlomok'wa. 
 
 it was killing 
 him. 3 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Then 
 
 xuma 
 
 food 
 
 O't 
 
 he looked 
 for it. 
 
 alxi'k' 
 
 he saw her 
 
 wihin^k 
 
 my mother 
 indeed 
 
 yana 
 
 acorn mush 
 
 ' Perhaps misheard for n4k'di. 
 2 Lit., " they returned up." Cf. bd^iyeween (1. 
 lit., " he caused them with his hand to return up." 
 ^Regular Takelma idiom for "he was hungry." 
 
 2) "he caused them to recover,'' 
 
IG 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OP PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 t !aykk' 
 
 he found it, 
 
 itc!6p'al 
 
 'sharp- 
 handed, ' 
 
 tiaykk'. 
 
 he had 
 found them. 
 
 mi'^wa 
 
 probably, ' ' 
 
 k'w^^x. 
 
 he awoke. 
 
 Alxi'k' k!dsa. 
 
 Wik!dsi wihin melexina^ 
 
 since she 
 told me, 
 
 Mi'hi^ 
 
 Now, it is 
 
 she saying." 
 
 k !eleu. 
 
 he supped He looked his maternal "My maternal my 
 it up. at them grandparents, grandfather, mother 
 
 nagd-ida« k!asa bdk'dan bals nagd-ida^ 
 
 she saying; 'maternal neck long,' 
 
 grandmother 
 
 K'w^^x. Gi' eit'e^ k!asa. 
 
 She woke up. "I I am,' maternal 
 
 grandmother ! ' ' 
 
 Ba^i-jmwuni^n^ ik'w^^gwi^n. 
 
 "I'll arouse him, 
 
 Baxdis 
 
 "Wolf 
 
 said, 
 
 hapxda 
 
 his children 
 
 t lumuu'xi. 
 
 it is killing me. 
 
 nagd'^. 
 
 she had 
 thought. 
 
 K!asa 
 
 " Maternal 
 grandfather ! 
 
 Yana 
 
 Acorns 
 
 Sgisi 
 
 Coyote 
 
 mi 
 
 now 
 
 ? 
 
 I'll wake 
 him up." 
 
 eit'e^. BaMep' k!asa. 
 
 I am. Get up, maternal 
 
 grandfather ! 
 
 I5^p'. Alhu'^^x k!asa s'ix yd,inxda 
 
 pound Go out maternal deer 
 
 them! hunting, grandfather! meat 
 
 Banx 
 
 Hunger 
 
 its fat 
 
 gelgulugwd^n. 
 
 I desire it." 
 
 Sgisi 
 
 Coyote 
 
 p !iyin 
 
 deer 
 
 maMi tlomom wet'gin pliyax 
 
 large he killed he was de- fawns 
 
 them, prived of them ; 
 
 ogoigin p!iyin maMi wet'gin. Loboxa^ yana 
 
 he was deer large he was de- She pounded, acorns 
 
 always given, prived of them. 
 
 k'.a'want'. Ba-ihemk gasdlhi bo" 
 
 that 
 
 ya 
 
 just 
 
 ' Take it o£E quickly. 
 
 Gi' 
 "I 
 
 she put them into 
 sifting basket-pan. 
 
 guxda wed6sink ' . 
 
 his wife she will take 
 it from me." 
 
 Xni(k') klemfei abaihiwili"^ 
 
 Acorn she made it ; she ran into 
 dough house, 
 
 baxdis guxda 
 
 Wolf his wife 
 
 lobop' 
 
 she pounded 
 them, 
 
 Baxdis 
 
 Wolf 
 
 eme^ 
 
 here 
 
 eit'e'^ 
 
 I am. 
 
 dan 
 
 rock 
 
 alit'bagdt'bok'. 
 
 he hit them all. 
 
 Aldi' 
 
 All 
 
 t !om5ni 
 
 he killed 
 them. 
 
 wedesina^. 
 
 it will be taken 
 from me. 
 
 wede wedesbigAm. 
 
 not you will be 
 
 deprived of it." 
 
 gadak' matslkk'. Mi'hi« 
 
 on top of she put it. Then, it 
 
 is said, 
 
 mi' wet'gi. Gehi yew6'^ 
 
 then she took There he returned, 
 them from her. 
 
 eit'e^ wikldsi it'gwanye^git'.' 
 
 I am. My maternal you have enslaved 
 grandmother her. ' ' 
 
 aldi k'a-ila'p'a tlomom. Dahoxa yew6'^ 
 
 all women he killed In evening they returned 
 
 them. 
 
 mi' wet gi yana 
 
 then she took it acorns 
 from her, 
 ,8 
 
 Gi' 
 
 "I 
 
 eme'' 
 
 here 
 
 'i. e., it is I. "I am" would generally be rendered by eit'e^ alone, without 
 independent pronoun gii. Non-incorporated pronouns are hardly ever used except 
 for emphasis. 
 
 2 Lit., "I cause him with my hand to be up." 
 
 'Formed from t'gwtin, "slave." 
 
E. SAPIR— TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 17 
 
 aldil sgisi yewe'^ pliyax 
 
 all, Coyote he returned ; fawn 
 
 ya^hi labkk' sgisi. Pliyin 
 
 merely he carried it on his Coyote. Deer 
 back, it turned out, 
 
 mahai tlomomand^ wet'gin pliyax ga ya ogoyin. Klasa 
 
 large although he had it was taken fawn that just he was "Maternal 
 killed it, from him, given. grandfather! 
 
 gwidi pliyin mahai^k? Wesin. A4 sgisi wd^da hapxitll't'a 
 
 where deer big one?" "I was de- "Oh! Coyote to him boy 
 
 prived of it." 
 
 he'^ileme^xAm tlomoxAm. Mi'hi*^ tiela'p'agan no"s leme^x. 
 
 he did away he killed us." Then, it their husbands next they came 
 
 with us, is said, house together. 
 
 hapxitli't'a 
 
 boy; 
 
 T lomom 
 
 They beat 
 him 
 
 Aldi' t lomom 
 
 All he killed them 
 
 tlomtixa^. Dan 
 
 he killed. Rock 
 
 ali'hit'bagdt'bok' 
 
 but he struck them all, 
 
 y ap^a hapxit li't ' a 
 
 people, boy, 
 
 hapxit li't 'a gasi^ 
 
 boy, so that 
 
 gada yeweykk"^. 
 
 alongside he returned 
 of that with them.' 
 
 xebe^n hapxit li't ' a 
 
 he did so ; boy 
 
 ga^kl ni'wA'n yap^a 
 
 because of he was people 
 
 feared ; 
 
 hapxit li't 'a. 
 
 boy. 
 
 yewe"" 
 
 he returned 
 
 nixa 
 
 his 
 mother 
 
 mahai t lomom dan 
 
 big he killed rock 
 
 them 
 
 He^ne no'' 
 
 Then down 
 river 
 
 wikldsi baxdis it'gwanye^k'dk' 
 
 my maternal Wolf he seems to have 
 
 grandparents ; enslaved them, 
 
 p !i' wedek'igam^ nagd-ihi^ 
 
 firewood they seemed to have he said, 
 been deprived of," it is said. 
 
 wd'^da 
 
 to her 
 
 xiima 
 
 food 
 
 nixa 
 
 his mother 
 
 Alxi'gi«n 
 
 " I have 
 seen them 
 
 wedek'igam^ 
 
 they seem to have 
 been deprived of, 
 
 gwenhegwd^gwanhi. 
 
 he related it to her. 
 
 yewe*". 
 
 he returned. 
 
 aldi 
 
 all 
 
 Sgisi 
 
 Coyote 
 
 beydn 
 
 his daughter 
 
 gam 
 
 now 
 
 yd^ 
 
 she went 
 
 maxa 
 
 her father 
 
 tli't'wi 
 
 her husband 
 
 Bumxi 
 
 Otter 
 
 p im e debu'' 
 
 salmon full in canoe 
 
 ya^. Mot'w6k' bomxi 
 
 he went. He visited his Otter, 
 father-in-law 
 
 guxdagwadi^l 
 
 together with his 
 own wife 
 
 aba-iwok'. Sgisi guxdagwadi^l 
 
 they arrived Coyote together with his 
 
 in house. own wife 
 
 Gani no" yewe'^. 
 
 Then down river they returned. 
 
 wa^da 
 
 to him ; 
 
 p im 
 
 salmon 
 
 p im 
 
 salmon 
 
 e'debii^^ 
 
 yank'^ 
 
 he took it 
 with him, 
 
 di'hilik'" bean 
 
 they were their 
 glad daughter 
 
 full in 
 canoe 
 
 yank"^. 
 
 he took it 
 with him. 
 
 maxa wd^da 
 
 her father to him 
 
 e'debii^ 
 
 full in 
 canoe 
 
 yewe-ida^. 
 
 when she 
 returned. 
 
 'Takelma idiom for " he got even with them for that, revenged that upon them." 
 ^ Inferentials are used instead of aorists, because Rock Boy is quoting the 
 authority of his maternal grandmother. 
 3 So heard for ei-debu^, "canoe-full." 
 2 
 
18 ANTHKOPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 Translation} 
 
 There were Wolf and Panther in ten houses;' there were 
 Coyote, Crane, Coyote's wife, and one daughter of his, a girl 
 sleeping on a board platform, Coyote's daughter. And then 
 black clouds spread out in long strips as the girl was bath- 
 ing in the evening time. Her skirt she took off, and bathed. 
 One Otter youth arrived in the river with his canoe, with his 
 canoe he landed. Then the girl he stole, he took her with 
 him. Then, 'tis said, a stone he took up and put into her, 
 and into his own house he came with her. 
 
 The girl was pregnant, gave birth to a child. And then 
 Coyote did miss the girl; he looked for her, found only her 
 skirt by the water. Then, 'tis said, he became a mourner. 
 Before Coyote had been wont to kill big deer; now Coyote 
 was deprived of the deer, only fawns were always given to 
 him, a slave was Coyote made. Coyote did not know where 
 his daughter had beeii taken to. Now the child was bom, up 
 it grew. Now big became the boy that she had given birth 
 to. She told him, "Your maternal grandparents are living 
 up the river." And then, 'tis said, he traveled about in his 
 canoe. "Mother! to my maternal grandparents shall I go." 
 — "'Tis far away. "—"There shall I go."— "You will be lost." 
 — "I shall go. What is their appearance?" — "He is red- 
 eared, sharp-clawed, red in his ears," she said to him. " Your 
 maternal grandmother has a long neck." 
 
 Big had the boy become. Then, 'tis said, he went off, a 
 canoe he paddled up stream. "As Otter's child I wander 
 about," he sang. Over a house he walked, "t'uL, t'uL, t'uL." — 
 "Who's on top of the graveyard house?" someone said. 
 "Is that a graveyard house there, did you say?" — "How 
 do you look, you who spoke?" "As you people, for your part, 
 
 ' The supernatural birth and invincible prowess of Rock Boy would seem to 
 make of him a sort of culture hero, yet the true culture hero of the Takelmas is 
 Daldal, the dragon-fly, or rather he and his younger brother (see the following myth) . 
 According to Gatschet the culture hero of the Kalapuyas is Flint Boy {Contributions 
 to North American Ethnology, Vol. II, Part I, p. Ixxxi). 
 
 ' That is, there were ten houses occupied by the Wolf and Panther people. 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 19 
 
 look, just SO am I in appearance." — "Well, look inside!" In- 
 side he looked, and was hit; his nose he scratched, just full of 
 blood it became. He went inside and hit them all, the people 
 he did away with, all the people did he whip. "Dentalia do 
 you give me!" Dentalia he was given, about himself he strung 
 them. Then water he took and blew it upon them. Then he 
 caused them all to recover, and dentalia was he given. 
 
 Then on he went. "As Otter's child I wander about," 
 he sang. Then someone said, "Who's on top of the graveyard 
 house?" — " Is that a graveyard house there, did you say?" 
 — "How do you look, you who spoke? Well, look inside!" 
 He looked inside, and was hit; he scratched his nose, just full 
 of blood it was. Inside he went and hit them all, away with 
 them he did. "Dentalia do you give me, as you have struck 
 me." Dentalia he was given. He lifted up water, water 
 he took (and blew it upon them). They recovered. 
 
 Then on he went. Night came on, and in his canoe he 
 paddled to land. She had told her son, " There are your 
 maternal grandparents, if long is her neck, and he is red-eared, 
 sharp-clawed." He went inside. He saw that he was long- 
 mouthed, red in his ear, he saw that he was sharp-clawed. 
 He turned to the woman, and saw that her neck was long and 
 her legs were long. "So those are my maternal grandparents 
 of whom my mother, indeed, did speak?" He was hungry. 
 Then he looked for food, and acorn mush he found, he supped 
 it up. He looked at his maternal grandparents. "It is my 
 maternal grandfather, since my mother did tell me, 'He is 
 sharp-clawed,' she said. 'A long neck has your maternal 
 grandmother,' she said." Now, 'tis said, he had found them. 
 She awoke. "It is I, maternal grandmother!" — "It must be 
 Wolf's children," she had thought. "I'll arouse him, I'll 
 wake him up." Now Coyote awoke. "Maternal grandfather, 
 it is I. Get up, maternal grandfather! I'm hungry. Pound 
 acorns!' Go out to hunt, maternal grandfather! venison fat 
 I desire." 
 
 ' This command is addressed to Rock Boy's maternal grandmother. 
 
20 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OP PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 Coyote killed big deer, but was deprived of them; fawns 
 only were wont to be given to him, big deer he was deprived of. 
 She pounded, acorns she pounded, and put them into the 
 sifting basket-pan. "Take it out quickly, soon it will be 
 taken from me. Wolf's wife will take it from me." — "I am 
 here, you shall not be deprived of it." Acorn dough she 
 made; she ran into the house, and put it on the stone. Then, 
 'tis said, Wolf's wife now took it from her, acorns now she took 
 from her. Right there he returned, and hit them all. "It 
 is I that am here. My maternal grandmother you have en- 
 slaved." He killed them all, all the women did he kill. In 
 the evening they all returned, Coyote returned; merely a 
 fawn did Coyote carry home. Though a big deer he had 
 killed, it was taken from him; just a fawn he was given. " Ma- 
 ternal grandfather! where is the big deer?" — "It has been 
 taken from me." — "Oh! With Coyote is a boy that has done 
 away with us, he has whipped us," said the women. Then, 
 'tis said, their husbands all went to the neighboring house. 
 They beat the boy, but he just struck them all, revenged that 
 upon them. All the people did he kill; thus the boy did, the 
 boy did kill. Of rock was the boy, so because of that was he 
 feared; big people did Rock Boy kill. 
 
 Then down river he went back, to his mother he rettimed. 
 "I have seen my maternal grandparents. It seems that Wolf 
 has enslaved them, of all their food they seem to have been 
 deprived, of firewood they seem to have been deprived," he 
 said, to his mother he recounted it. Then Coyote's daughter 
 went to her father. Also her husband did go with his canoe full 
 of salmon. Otter visited his father-in-law; salmon, filled in 
 his canoe, he took with him. Otter, together with his wife, did 
 take with him salmon, a canoeful; in her father's house they 
 arrived. Coyote and his wife were glad when their daughter 
 returned. Then they went back down river. 
 
e. sapie — takelma tests. 31 
 
 2. Daldal' as Transformer. 
 Daldal will' yow6^ xami'xa cu^wili. Yap^a 
 
 DragoB-fly his house it was, by the sea he was dwelling. People 
 
 xa-isgu"t'sgat'ak'^ xa-isgi'p'sgibik"' yap«a ba-ik'ulu"%'a. 
 
 with bodies all cut with limbs all lopped off people they came floating 
 
 through down river. 
 
 Sg6"sgwahi^. Gwidi' baxam? Gwidi' na^neye^? GwidI' 
 
 He got tired of it, "Whence come they? How there is doing?' Whence 
 
 it is said. 
 
 baxkm yap!a xa-isgu"t'sgidik"'? Gwidi' baxkm? Ganat' 
 
 come they people with bodies cut through? Whence come they?" So in ap- 
 pearance 
 
 yaxa ba-ik!iyi^k' xa-isg\i"t'sgidik"^. Gwidi' baxkm? 
 
 continually they came with bodies all cut through. "Whence come they?" 
 
 Ganehi^ sg6"sgwa. Dabalnixa la^le^ yap!a xa-isgti"t'sgidik"^ 
 
 Then, it is he became Long time it became people with bodies all cut 
 
 said, tired of it. through 
 
 ba-ik'ulii"k'wa aga gwelxda eme^ xa-isgi'bik'^ ganat' 
 
 they came floating these their legs here' cut right through so in ap- 
 
 down river ; pearance 
 
 yaxa ba-ik'ulTi"k'wa. Gane'hi^ gwi^ne la*le\ Ne® 
 
 continually they came floating Then, it is how long it became. "Well, 
 
 down river. said, 
 
 yant'e^. Gwidi baxkm yap.'a xa-isgiJ."t'sgidik"' ne* ge 
 
 I'll go. Whence come they people with bodies all cut well, there 
 
 through, 
 
 ginik'de^ naga-ihi^. 
 
 I'll go," he said, it 
 
 is said. 
 
 Ba^klemendms. Gane ya^ hinau gini^k'. A'ni^ hawi 
 
 He made ready Then he up river he went. Not yet 
 
 to go. went, 
 
 ga yuklwoi gwi' baxamda^ yap!a xa-isgu"t'sgidik"^ ani^ 
 
 that he knew it where that they people with bodies all cut not 
 
 from came through, 
 
 yoklwoi. K'ai ga^al di yap!a xa-isgu"t'sgidik'""? Gwidi' 
 
 he knew it. "What for (inter.) people with bodies all cut Whence 
 
 through? 
 
 baxam naga-ihi^. Gane ya^. Gelam ba'^vawilik''^. 
 
 come they?" he said, it Then he went. River he traveled up 
 
 is said. along it. 
 
 ' Dalddl was said to be the name of a blue insect flying about in the swamps, 
 somewhat like a butterfly in appearance, and looking as if it had two heads joined 
 together. Very likely the dragon-fly was meant. 
 
 'i. e.. What is the matter? 
 
 = Accompanied by gesture. 
 
22 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 Gane'hi^' t'gwaydm tslaykk' s-inyd^hiMalagdmt'. Witclai 
 
 Then, it is lark he shot at it, just its nose, it is said, "My nephew,' 
 
 said, he pierced. 
 
 di'hiliugwd,%' sindelegdmEsdam nagd,-ihi«. Gwidi ginigkt'? 
 
 I am glad of it you pierced my nose," it said, it is "Where are you 
 
 said. gomgto?" 
 
 Agahi ydp!a xa-isgi'p'sgibik"' gd.hi gwidi baxkm. _ 
 
 "These very people all cut through, those same whence they come." 
 
 ones 
 
 Ganehi^ ba^d6^yeweykk"'. Mi' hono« s-u"x tslayak'. 
 
 Then, it is he continued traveling.' Now again bird he shot 
 
 said, at it. 
 
 Gelba'm sak"' dak'awaldk'i'da p!aiyewe'« wilku gelbd'm 
 
 Way up he shot it, on crown of his it returned arrow way up 
 
 head down, 
 
 sak'^. Sds nag^-ihi^- waxa. Wi^wa nagd-ihi^ Mi' 
 
 he shot it. Coming to he did, it his younger "My younger he said, it Now 
 a standstill is said, brother. brother," is said. 
 
 ga'^m la^le^ waxadil. Gane y^ hinau gini^k'. 
 
 two they became he and his Then they went, up river they went, 
 
 younger brother. 
 
 Neks'iwo'k'di malak'wa yd,p!a henenagwan di^lo'toe^ yap!a 
 
 I know not who he told him, "People they are annihi- at Di^lo"mi' people 
 
 lated, 
 
 henenagwan xa-isgip lisgibin. Mi' ganehi^ k'd.i gwalahi 
 
 they are annihi- they are always cut Now then, it is things many 
 
 lated through. said, indeed 
 
 ^ihemfem gol6ni ihemfem xa^iyasgip !ilhi^ waxadil ga 
 
 he wrestled oaks with he wrestled he always just cut them he and his that 
 with them, white acorns with them, in two, it is said ; younger brother 
 
 na^nagd,'®. Aga xo ihemfem yana ihem^m golom 
 
 they did. These firs they wrestled oaks with they wrestled oaks with 
 
 with them, black acorns with them, white acorns 
 
 ihemfem tcla'sap'* Them^m k'^i gwala ihemfem. 
 
 they wrestled ic.'dya^' -berry they wrestled things many they wrestled 
 
 with them, bushes with them, with them. 
 
 Gane tc!d,inx lale. Mi'^s yap!a wdMa wok' mologtild*p'a 
 
 Then strong they One person to him they old woman 
 
 became. arrived, 
 
 \Q.\&H yap!a daldi K'uk'u nixa ci%li. A' wTt'adi." 
 
 Bluejay person wild in K'uk'u his mother, she was "A'! my aunt!" 
 woods sitting. 
 
 1 Witc.'oi means properly "my brother's child" or "my sister's child," according 
 to whether a woman or a man is speaking, in other words, "nephew" or "niece," 
 provided the speaker and parent of the child are related as brother and sister. 
 
 'So heard for d-fiW/iigiwd'n. , 
 
 "Lit., "he up (and) went again having it in front." 
 
 ♦Described as a tree growing in the mountains with smooth red bark and 
 bunches of berries hanging like grapes. 
 
 'Properly, "my father's sister." 
 
E. SAPIK — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 23 
 
 Gwidl 
 
 "Where 
 
 lis'i. A'nP 
 
 give 
 me!" 
 
 ginigkt' 
 
 are you 
 going to, 
 
 I 
 
 'Not 
 
 tslaya? 
 
 nephew?" 
 
 a-icdfek' 
 
 my property, 
 
 Hinku. 
 
 "Up river. 
 
 wik'aba 
 
 my son 
 
 ogtacbi^n. 
 
 I'll give you." 
 
 t lumuxi. 
 
 he'll kill me." 
 
 A'n? gr a-icdek' 
 
 "Not I my property, 
 
 K'^i ga^dl di? Aga 
 
 "What for (inter.)? These 
 
 A' 
 A'! 
 
 d,-icda. 
 
 his 
 property." 
 
 wik'aba 
 
 my son 
 
 bubAn 
 
 strings of 
 
 t'ada 
 
 aunt, 
 
 gOC^ 
 
 gos-'- 
 shell 
 
 mahai 
 
 big 
 
 Bu"ban tli'mi^s 
 
 Strings of one 
 
 dentaha hundred 
 
 gangdhi 
 
 anyhow 
 
 Tclolx 
 
 Indian 
 money 
 
 waxa xeb^^n 
 
 his younger he did 
 
 guc 
 
 gos-- 
 shell 
 
 a-icda. K'ki 
 
 his property. Perhaps 
 
 t le'mi^s ogdcbi^n. 
 
 one hundred I'll give 
 dentalia you." 
 
 mahki igi'na tclolx ogoihi. Daldal 
 
 big he took it, dentalia he gave her. Daldal 
 
 maMit'a 
 
 elder one 
 
 not 
 
 na^naga'^. 
 
 brother 
 
 yaxa 
 
 continually 
 
 so, 
 
 aga 
 
 this 
 
 maMit'a 
 
 elder one. 
 
 aga 
 
 this 
 
 Ml yew6'« 
 
 Now he returned 
 
 K'uk'fl. 
 
 K'uk'u. 
 
 Gwidi 
 
 ' ' Where 
 
 gWl 
 
 in any he did. 
 way 
 
 waxat'a xeb6n^. 
 
 his younger brother, he did 
 
 for his part, so. went. 
 
 guc mahait'ek^k? Witclaihan 
 
 Sasd-nsasinihi^ 
 
 He kept standing, 
 it is said. 
 
 They 
 
 n6dd,t' 
 
 from down 
 river 
 
 mahdi^a 
 
 big indeed 
 
 baxdm^ 
 
 they came, 
 
 gwidi ? 
 
 where?" 
 
 idd,ga 
 
 those 
 
 gos-- 
 shell 
 
 bu"ban 
 
 strings of 
 dentalia 
 
 my big one, 
 indeed?" 
 
 'My nephews 
 
 t le'mi^s 
 
 one hundred 
 
 Witclaihan 
 
 "My nephews 
 
 igfna. 
 
 they took 
 it." 
 
 Mi' yo"mi. 
 
 Now he caught up 
 with them. 
 
 Bo" 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 Mi' ydp !a wayank'^ 
 
 Now people he followed 
 them. 
 
 Bu"ban t le'mi^s me^yek'^. 
 
 "Strings of one hundred fetch them 
 dentalia back hither! 
 
 bu"ban tle'mi^s. Gus mahdi 
 
 strings of one "Cos'- big 
 
 dentalia hundred." shell 
 
 p'u"dik""* me^yek"". Gus maMi 
 
 fathoms fetch them "Gos'- big 
 
 back hither!" shell 
 
 Gus 
 
 "Gos' 
 shell 
 
 wit'adi 
 
 my aunt 
 
 ogus'bi. Gus 
 
 they gave "Gos'- 
 
 you." shell 
 
 t !om5m nixa. 
 
 he killed his 
 
 her mother. 
 
 mahai me^yek"'. 
 
 big 
 
 fetch it 
 back hither!" 
 
 h^^wa^i'wi^n 
 
 Just now my aunt I left them 
 
 with her 
 
 me^ygk"'. T!e'mi«s ditcliik" 
 
 fetch it "One hundred Indian 
 back hither!" rope 
 
 me^yek"'. Sansans'iniyd"^. 
 
 fetch it Let there be 
 
 back hither! fighting." 
 
 Duwii"%'ci« 
 
 "So it is good. 
 
 candxiniba^s'i^. 
 
 so let us fight!" 
 
 Gane'hi^ 
 
 Then, it is said, 
 
 sansansa'^n 
 
 they fought 
 
 daldal 
 
 Dalddl 
 
 1 Described as a rainbow-colored shell of the size of two hands. 
 
 ' Ten strings reaching from wrist to shoulder, each containing ten dentalia, are 
 meant. 
 
 ' A rope made of the twisted fibres of a grass growing to a height of a foot and a 
 half and with a broader blade than the ordinary variety. Probably Indian hemp 
 (Apocynum cannabinum) is referred to. 
 
 * A term used of a unit string of dentalia. 
 
a4 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 kiwdlt'adfl. 
 
 the younger 
 and he. 
 
 tslayap'. 
 
 he hid himself. 
 
 DEm+ 
 
 DEin + 
 
 Obeyd 
 
 "O elder 
 brother!" 
 
 dan 
 
 rock 
 
 mahdit'a 
 
 older one, 
 
 xada°'nt'gilt'gdlhi. 
 
 he broke it in two with rock 
 
 xa*k Iwot'k lA'sda^ 
 
 when it was broken 
 in two, 
 
 Hemhe^hdm gw61xdagwa.^ 
 
 his own leg." 
 
 dEm+ dEm+ ! Dolk ganau hiwiir^ 
 
 dEm + dEm + ! Hollow inside of he ran, 
 tree trunk 
 
 Ganehi^ aPodan dalddl 
 
 Then, it is said, he looked Dalddl 
 around for it 
 
 wa'da gwidik"' gw^lxda 
 
 to him he threw it, his leg 
 
 hem^ham gw^lxdagwa 
 
 he echoed it his own leg 
 
 hem^ham t'gil. Hemhe*h^m gw^lxdagwa. 
 
 he echoed it, "Break!" "He echoes it his own leg." 
 
 nag^-ihi^. 
 
 he said, it is 
 said. 
 
 ba'^yank''" 
 
 he picked it up, 
 
 T'gil! 
 
 "Break!" 
 
 "He echoes it 
 
 k!walk'.» 
 
 throw him!" 
 
 Datclana't 
 
 "About to die 
 
 gwidik"" 
 
 he threw 
 him. 
 
 
 Dakp !iy^ k !walk' . 
 
 "On the fire throw him!" 
 
 lale. Datclana't' lale\' 
 
 he has "About to die he has 
 become." become." 
 
 k'u"bi' ha'xda« hem6hamhi« k'u"bi't'gwa. 
 
 his hair as it burned 
 
 he echoed it, 
 it is said. 
 
 Dakpliyd 
 
 "On the fire 
 
 Dakpliyd 
 
 On the fu-e 
 
 his own hair. 
 
 Gane 
 
 Then 
 
 yd« 
 
 they 
 went. 
 
 they wrestled 
 with them, 
 
 Alherafek' 
 
 They met 
 
 ihem^m yana 
 
 they wrestled oaks 
 with them, 
 
 xa-iya°'k!odolhi. 
 
 they always just broke 
 them in two. 
 
 6pxa 
 
 his elder 
 brother 
 
 Gwenh^k'wa^k'"" lomtle. 
 
 "Relate it, old man!' 
 
 ba^dl^yeweykk' 
 
 they continued to 
 travel. 
 
 ihemfem 
 
 Gane yd^. K'ai gwalk 
 
 Then they Things many 
 went. 
 
 xo ihemfem tcla'cap' ihemfem 
 
 firs they wrestled tc/dcap'- they wrestled 
 with them, berry bushes with them, 
 
 m'^s lomtle. Mi'^s baxd^m 
 
 one old man. "One he comes," 
 
 him 
 
 malagandnhi. 
 
 he told him. 
 
 Alsinl6"k' 
 
 They met him 
 
 lomt !e 
 
 old man 
 
 ha'p'di. 
 
 small. 
 
 Ba-idak' wilit !a* + di^n. 
 
 "I ran out of the house." 
 
 mene° 
 
 in this 
 way 
 
 gasi^ 
 
 so that 
 
 ganga 
 
 only 
 
 nagait' 
 
 you say? 
 
 na^^nkt' baidkk'wilit !a+ dit' ? 
 
 you could do. 
 
 you ran out of the 
 house ? 
 
 ba-ibiliwkt'. 
 
 you ran out." 
 
 nagd.'s. Mi' 
 
 he said. Now 
 
 ? He'salt'gu^nt'gkn 
 
 He kicked him over, 
 
 H4-U. Gwidi 
 
 "Yes! How 
 
 Wulx' abaidi^yow6"da^ 
 
 Enemies since they have come 
 into house to fight, 
 
 Ba-idak'wilit!a+di^n. Gahe yaxa 
 
 "I ran out of the house." Just that continually 
 
 ts lini'ts !anx daldd,l. K'a-ind ga di' 
 
 he became angry Dalddl. "What that (inter.) 
 
 lat'b^^ yu"m yd* lale\ 
 
 he burst, blood just he became. 
 
 ' These echoing words are pronounced by K'uk'u in a heavy whisper. 
 ' This word is supposed to represent the crackling of the burning hair. 
 ' Used generally to refer to Shasta Indians. 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 25 
 
 Gana^nfex yap!a do"mdkmk' 
 
 In that way people he used to kill 
 them, it seemed. 
 
 lap' nagd-ihi^. Waxa mij 
 
 become!" he said, it is His younger now 
 said. brother 
 
 da-it !aradk'. Obiya. 
 
 it choked it. "O elder 
 
 brother!" 
 
 Witclamkk''' igi'na gwenl6"k'i 
 
 Flint flaker he took he stuck it into 
 it, his throat, 
 
 bem wk. Xa^dlsi^' dni^ 
 
 Daldd,! sinhiisgal cdoicdagw^na 
 
 "Dald^l big-nosed! Putting on style 
 
 gayau 
 
 he ate it 
 
 yum. 
 
 blood. 
 
 Mi' luli* 
 
 Now his throat 
 
 K'adi 
 
 "What 
 
 yum 
 
 blood 
 
 nagd,-ihi^ 
 
 he said, it is 
 said. 
 
 witclamdk' 
 
 flint flaker 
 
 wa 
 
 d.n? xa^alk Iwalagwit 
 
 not you had better let 
 it alone," 
 
 ba-iwak lalasi 
 
 with it he took 
 it out 
 
 klwalkk'^. 
 
 with stick with. "Not he let it alone." 
 
 Gani ba'de^yeweykk"'. Mi' hono^ wili tiaykk'. 
 
 Then they continued traveling. Now again house they found it. 
 
 K'a-ild^p'a sgilbibi'+x sgilbibi' + x sgilbibi' + x^ nagd'^ Dalddl 
 
 Woman " Warm your warm your warm your she said. "Dald^l 
 
 back! back! back!" 
 
 s'inhlis'gal sd6is"dagwana lap' sgill'pxde^. Abaigini^k'. Mi'^s 
 
 big-nosed, putting on style become! I'll warm my He went inside. One 
 
 back." 
 
 exa' k'a-iM*p'a sgilipx. Mi p!a-iway^^. 
 
 continually woman she was warm- Now he went to lie 
 ing her back. down. 
 
 Hapleyd gelt!and,hagwa.* 
 
 Into the fire she pushed him. 
 
 xadat'guyu''sgwa. Obeya. 
 
 it had blistered his "O elder 
 
 back. brother!" 
 
 t'gu"nt'gkn. Kxadi' ma k'a-ila'p'a 
 
 her off. "What you woman 
 
 Gwelhi t'uwiik'de«. 
 
 "Keep away! I feel hot." 
 
 A'nl^si^ xank!walkk'^.= 
 
 "Not indeed he let things 
 alone." 
 
 yudd^. Wd*s^ nansbina^ 
 
 you will 
 
 Sgilbibi'x. 
 
 "Warm your 
 back!" 
 
 Mi' p!i' 
 
 Now fire 
 
 He^sal- 
 
 He kicked 
 
 k !umoi 
 
 swamps 
 
 yud^^ 
 
 you will 
 
 be,' 
 
 ga^kl yoda^. 
 
 at you will be. 
 
 nagdhi^. 
 
 he said to her, 
 it is said. 
 
 Wede 
 
 Not 
 
 ma 
 
 you 
 
 be? 
 
 k'a-ila'p'a 
 
 Wdas- 
 
 bush 
 
 you will always 
 be called. 
 
 yukleit' 
 
 you will be. 
 
 xuina 
 
 food 
 
 'Xa^dl-si'^ seems to go with k!walhk''">. 
 
 'Pronounced very shrilly.. The type of reduplication exhibited here is not 
 normally employed for grammatical purposes. The normal form of the word is 
 sgiilpx. 
 
 'So heard for mii^s yaxa. 
 
 'Equivalent to geltlandhi (lit., "she held him with her breast"). 
 
 ^xaal= xaa'-al. 
 
 ''^K'ddi. K' is here so strongly aspirated as sometimes to be heard as kx. 
 
 ' Described as a bush of about three feet in height,with white leaves and crooked 
 yellowish-red flowers of the length of a hand. The root was used for food. 
 
20 
 
 ANTHKOPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 Gane yd^ baMe^yeweykk"'. Me^mi'+nyil me^mi'+nyil 
 
 Then they they continued "Come hither come hither 
 
 went, traveling. and copulate! and copulate!" 
 
 nagd-ihi^ AM k'adl ney6^? Daldal sinMsgal s-dois-dagwana^ 
 
 she said, it "A'! what they say? Daldil big-nosed, putting on style 
 
 it is said. 
 
 la^ap' ma^d, minyfld^ nagdhi^ 6pxa. Ge gini%'. 
 
 become you, for I'll copulate," he said to him, his elder There he went, 
 your part; it is said, brother. 
 
 Gwelxdagwa ha-iwesgahak'^. Gane'hi^ gelwayan. Mi' 
 
 Her own legs she spread them apart. Then, it is 
 
 wa%c!om6"k'wa. Wede 
 
 she squeezed (her legs) "Not 
 
 together. 
 
 Obiyd,. Ge" gini% 
 
 "O elder There he went; 
 brother!" 
 
 Kxd,di ma k'a-ila'p'a 
 
 " What you woman 
 
 that 
 
 said, 
 
 na^nexdam. 
 
 he slept with 
 her. 
 
 Now 
 
 witc lamkk'"" 
 
 flint flaker 
 
 gwidik"' 
 
 he threw 
 them. 
 
 yuda^ 
 
 you shall 
 be," 
 
 Yap!a 
 
 "People 
 
 nagahi^. 
 
 he said to her, 
 it is said. 
 
 eihi 
 
 he used 
 it, 
 
 T!ak' 
 
 Fresh water 
 mussel 
 
 ga-iwawdlsbink' 
 
 they shall always 
 eat you. 
 
 yodd^ ? 
 
 you will 
 be? 
 
 Mi' dahi'sdama^x. 
 
 do to me!" Now he was nearly 
 breathless. 
 
 gwelxda xa^itc !iwit ' . 
 
 her legs he split them 
 
 open. 
 
 nansbina^. Haxiyk 
 
 you shall always Into the 
 be called." 
 
 yap !a gaisbink' 
 
 people they shall 
 eat you; 
 
 water 
 
 xuma 
 
 food 
 
 not 
 
 Mi' bayewe'^. Gane 
 
 Now they arose and Then 
 went again. 
 
 wili tlayagand.^ k'ai 
 
 house they having things 
 found it, 
 
 na^nagd'^ 
 
 they did. 
 
 y^« 
 
 they 
 went, 
 
 gwala 
 
 many 
 
 ga 
 
 that 
 
 Waxadil 
 
 He and his 
 younger brother 
 
 t'ut' t'ut'. AM 
 
 t'ut' t'ut'." "A'! 
 
 A'M 
 
 ba^de^yeweykk"" 
 
 they continued 
 traveling. 
 
 ihemfem xa-iya'sgip !ilhi. 
 
 they wrestled they always just cut 
 with them, them in two. 
 
 Mi' k'adi da'^agkn 
 
 Now what they heard it 
 
 Gane 
 
 Then 
 
 t'ut' 
 
 "t'ut' 
 
 Dalddl 
 
 Dalddl 
 
 sinhusgal. 
 
 big-nosed!" 
 
 Dak'wili 
 
 On top of 
 the house 
 
 gini^k. 
 
 he went. 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 p !a-i^dlyuw<i® 
 
 he looked down ; 
 
 k'6«x lobop'. 
 
 tar-weed they pounded 
 seeds them. 
 
 waxa hoyoi 
 
 his younger he stole it, 
 
 brother 
 
 dalddl xebe^n. 
 
 Dalddl he did so, 
 
 mologola'p'a 
 
 old women 
 
 Mi'si«^ 
 
 Now 
 indeed 
 
 xumd 
 
 their 
 food 
 
 Gwidi 
 
 "How, 
 
 iH 
 
 ts !elei 
 
 eyes 
 
 gePyowd^. 
 
 they were 
 facing. 
 
 mologola'p'a hoyoi 
 
 old women he stole it 
 
 ga p Imi 
 
 two 
 
 wdt'gwan 
 
 towards each 
 other 
 
 gums 
 
 blind 
 
 dalddl 
 
 Dalddl 
 
 henenagwdt'gdi? 
 
 did you eat it all up?" 
 
 wd'k'i^ 
 
 without 
 
 Mihi^ 
 
 Now, it 
 is said, 
 
 dak'wili'dat' 
 
 ; from on top of 
 the house 
 
 Gem^^Mi? Maci- 
 
 "Where? You 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKBLMA TEXTS. 
 
 wak'di 
 
 perhaps 
 
 henenagwkt' 
 
 you ate it all up," 
 
 nagd,sa^nhi^. 
 
 they said to each 
 other, it is said. 
 
 Dakt'bd^gamt' 
 
 He tied together 
 above 
 
 u'luk!i 
 
 their hair 
 
 mologola'p'agan bals. 
 
 old women long. 
 
 Mi' 
 
 "Now 
 
 dewiliwalsi' 
 
 she is fighting me. 
 
 Mi' dakt'bd^gamt' 
 
 Now he tied them 
 
 together above. 
 
 nagasa^nhi^. Mi' 
 
 they said to Now 
 
 iiluk!it'gwan 
 
 each other's hair 
 
 each other 
 
 it lanahi. Mi lamdlsa^n 
 
 they took hold Now they quarreled 
 
 Mi' la^malsa^n. 
 
 Now they quarreled 
 with each other. 
 
 lamalsa^n. Mi' 
 
 they quarreled Now 
 with each other. 
 
 dalddl 
 
 Dalddl 
 
 of it. 
 
 dak'wili'dat' 
 
 from on top of 
 the house 
 
 with each other, 
 
 Dalddl 
 
 he laughed at 
 
 biliwdlsa^n. 
 
 they jumped at 
 
 each other. 
 
 uyu."^sgigwa 
 
 them. 
 
 xep'k'? 
 
 so he did 
 it?" 
 
 Gane aba-igini^k'. 
 
 Then he went inside. 
 
 di haga xep'k'? Dit'gwd,*lain 
 
 (inter.) that one so he did "O yes! 
 
 yonder 
 
 di' yuk' ? 
 
 (inter.) they seem 
 to be?" 
 
 de^gwidik"". Gane tclelei ganau 
 
 he put it point Then their eyes in 
 
 fbremost. 
 
 tclel&k'"" klemenxbi^n naga-ihi^. 
 
 having eyes I have made you," he said, it is said. 
 
 Bd,Me^yeweykk"" xilamank. 
 
 They continued to they, 
 
 travel 
 
 xa^win xo ihemfem 
 
 while firs they wrestled 
 
 traveling, with them, 
 
 klemenk'wit'. Mi' hono^ 
 
 they made Now again 
 
 themselves. 
 
 sinM"sgal cdoisdagwana lap'. 
 
 big-nosed, putting on style become!' 
 
 wili debugs. Mi' 
 
 house full. Now 
 
 "Daldiil 
 
 wit'adi 
 
 my aunts 
 
 cinh-dsgal 
 
 big-nosed 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 ak' 
 
 he 
 
 tc !elei 
 
 eyes 
 
 w6'k'i« 
 
 without 
 
 T'gwe^Mmx wult' hapleya 
 
 Scouring rush he went into the 
 for it, fire 
 
 damatslkk'. BAk! Mi' 
 
 he placed it point Pop! "Now 
 foremost. 
 
 ihemem 
 
 They wrestled 
 with them 
 
 k'ai 
 
 things 
 
 yana 
 
 oaks 
 
 ihemfem xa-isgip^ilhi 
 
 they wrestled they always cut 
 with them, cut them in two ; 
 
 will altlaykk'. A! 
 
 house they found it. "A! 
 
 gwala 
 
 many 
 
 yuk' 
 
 strong 
 
 Daldal 
 
 Daldal 
 
 Abaigini^k' 
 
 He went inside 
 
 t'bagams wili debu"^. Mi' sgp'. P!ul 
 
 all tied house full. Now he Ashes 
 
 together cooked it. 
 
 Gana^nfex yap!a do"mdkmk'. A! 
 
 In that way people he evidently used "A! 
 
 to kill them. 
 
 nagd-ihi^. Haxank'wahi's. Obiyd. ^e^ k'ddi 
 
 he said, it He almost burned "O elder "^e'! What 
 
 is said. him. brother!" 
 
 K'.aFs xa^t'be^k'- 
 
 Sinew it was 
 
 ba-idigwibi'k'6p' 
 
 they popped out 
 all over. 
 
 Gwidi 
 
 How 
 
 na^nagait' 
 
 are you doing?" 
 
 ma 
 
 you 
 
 wili 
 
 house 
 
 'Lit., "she goes ahead at me.' 
 

 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PDB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 wa-it !dnida^ ? 
 
 you will keep it?' 
 
 t'ba'gamdina® 
 
 shall be tied 
 therewith 
 
 nagahi^. Mi' 
 
 he said to him, Now 
 it is said. 
 
 P !iyin 
 
 Deer 
 
 le^psi 
 
 feathers, 
 
 k!dlts!i' 
 
 its sinew 
 
 ndnsbina^ 
 
 you will always 
 be called; 
 
 wilau klemniyatik'i^ 
 
 arrows whenever people 
 make them 
 
 wilau da^a- 
 
 arrows along them 
 they 
 
 wat'bd-^gamdina^ 
 
 they shall be tied 
 therewith," 
 
 klemfei. 
 
 he made it. 
 
 BaMe^yeweykk"^. 
 
 They continued traveling. 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 hono^ 
 
 again 
 
 baxne"t'6k'. 
 
 roasted by fire. 
 
 P'imdt'(k') 
 
 My salmon 
 
 abaiwok' 
 
 they arrived 
 inside, 
 
 A! Dalddl 
 
 "A! Dalddl 
 
 gayawd,^n. 
 
 I'll eat it." 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 said, 
 
 78 
 
 k'di 
 
 things 
 
 gwala 
 
 many 
 
 i'liemem. 
 
 they wrestled 
 with them. 
 
 anr 
 
 not 
 
 k'ai 
 
 any 
 
 yap Ik. 
 
 person. 
 
 A+! 
 
 "A+! 
 
 p im 
 
 sahnon 
 
 abai 
 
 inside. 
 
 dul 
 
 spear- 
 point 
 
 na^ney^^ 
 
 they do, 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 wa-it !d,nik' 
 
 he evidently 
 kept it. 
 
 K'adi 
 
 What 
 
 sinMsgal 
 
 big-nosed, 
 
 A'n? k'ai 
 
 Not any 
 
 baihemek' 
 
 he took it out. 
 
 cdoisdagwana 
 
 putting on style 
 
 lap'. 
 
 become ! 
 
 yap!a 
 
 person ; 
 
 gayau. 
 
 he ate it. 
 
 mal 
 
 salmon- 
 spear shaft 
 
 Gwina 
 
 "How 
 
 yaxk 
 
 just 
 
 that 
 
 gede. P'im 
 
 at its Salmon 
 point. 
 
 an? k'ai ydp!a mal yaxa abai dul gede? 
 
 not any people, salmon- just inside spear- at its 
 
 spear shaft point point'" 
 
 gasa'^'lhi mal sa^nsank'wa. Ga haga wala^ wili 
 
 quickly salmon- it fought with That that one indeed house 
 
 spear shaft him. yonder 
 
 Mi' hono^ t!om6k'wahis mal. Obiya. ^e°! 
 
 Now again he almost killed salmon- "O elder "^e°! 
 
 him spear shaft, brother!" 
 
 xa^aik!walhkk? Igi'na mal xa-ik!ot'k!kt'. 
 
 not he left it alone?" He took it salmon- he broke it in two . 
 
 spear shaft. 
 
 am'' 
 
 ma 
 
 you 
 
 K'adi 
 
 "What 
 
 mal 
 
 salmon- 
 spear shafts 
 
 wasan^hink' 
 
 they will spear^ 
 with them. 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 wili 
 
 house 
 
 klemnand,^ 
 
 they will be 
 made. 
 
 W^desi^ 
 
 So not 
 
 wa-it Idnida^ ? 
 
 you will keep it? 
 
 Yap!a 
 
 People 
 
 ma 
 
 you 
 
 wili 
 
 house 
 
 hono^ 
 
 again 
 
 baMe^-eweykk'^. Mi' 
 
 they continued Now 
 
 traveling. 
 
 Yap!a klemdnxbink' 
 
 People they mil make you, 
 
 mal p'im 
 
 salmon- salmon 
 
 spear shafts, 
 
 nagdhi^. 
 
 he said to him, 
 it is said. 
 
 bono" k'ai gwala 
 
 again things many 
 
 klemnknk' 
 
 they will make 
 them 
 
 wa-it lanik^eit' 
 
 you will keep it," 
 
 'Lit., "you will hold it together.' 
 2 Lit., "fight." 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 29 
 
 mi'^sga^ 
 
 ihemfem 
 
 they wrestled 
 with them, 
 
 will 
 
 house 
 
 ba^jv5k' will 
 
 it was coining house 
 up out of it 
 
 doldx yaxa. 
 
 household just, 
 implements 
 
 doldx yaxa. 
 
 household just, 
 implements 
 
 doMx yaxa. 
 
 household just, 
 implements 
 
 hapxwi wa-iwr 
 
 little girl 
 
 xa-iyak!odolhi. 
 
 they always just broke 
 them in two. 
 
 k!iyix 
 
 smoke 
 
 wili 
 
 houses 
 
 ganau 
 
 in it 
 
 mf^sga^. 
 
 Mr 
 
 Now 
 
 Mi*«s 
 
 One 
 
 hono^ 
 
 again 
 
 hono^ 
 
 again 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 said, 
 
 mi'^sga^. 
 
 Mi'hi^ 
 
 Now, it is 
 said, 
 
 wili 
 
 house 
 
 Abailiwila"^ 
 
 They looked 
 inside, 
 
 abdiliwila"^ 
 
 they looked 
 inside, 
 
 abailiwila"^ 
 
 they looked 
 inside, 
 
 abaiwok' 
 
 they arrived 
 inside 
 
 AM Xi 
 
 "AM Water 
 
 alt !ayak' 
 
 they found 
 them 
 
 mi'^sga^ ' 
 
 not 
 
 ani 
 
 not 
 
 k'ai 
 
 any 
 
 k'ai 
 
 any 
 
 yap!a 
 
 person 
 
 not 
 
 ixdil 
 
 ten; 
 
 k !iyix 
 
 smoke 
 
 ya'p !a 
 
 person, 
 
 ya'p !a 
 
 person, 
 
 « k'a-i 
 
 any, 
 
 mologola'p'a 
 
 old woman 
 
 mi'^sga^ 
 
 Xi wo6 
 
 Water go and 
 get it," 
 
 naga-ihi^ 
 
 she said, it 
 is said, 
 
 K'a-iwa 
 
 "Some evil 
 being 
 
 T'a^'gA^k 
 
 nagd-ihi^. 
 
 he said, it is 
 said. 
 
 mologola'p'a. 
 
 old woman. 
 
 M + 
 
 "M + 
 
 Gasalhi 
 
 "Quickly 
 
 m + ! 
 
 xi 
 
 water 
 
 wo5 xf t laba^gwa^n. 
 
 go and water I am thirsty 
 get it, for it. 
 
 K'a-iwa haxwij^a 
 
 Some evil in the 
 
 being 
 
 wo6 xi 
 
 go and water 
 get it. 
 
 -' 1 
 
 "You shall 
 cry 
 
 xi wolf 
 
 water she went 
 for it. 
 
 haxiya nagd-ihi*^ 
 
 in the she said, it 
 
 water," is said, 
 
 hene t'a^ga%' 
 
 then! you shall 
 cry 
 
 ba^hawd^' xi. 
 
 she dipped water, 
 it up 
 
 mologola'p'a. 
 
 old woman. 
 
 Ge 
 
 "There 
 
 water," 
 
 t !aba^gwd,%. 
 
 I am thirsty 
 for it." 
 
 hiwilaut'e®. 
 
 I shall run." 
 
 bene 
 
 then!" 
 
 Mi' 
 Now 
 
 naga-ihi^ 
 
 she said, it 
 is said. 
 
 it !a-ut !iwin. 
 
 she was caught. 
 
 Hapxi 
 
 Little 
 
 Wa + 
 
 "Wa + 
 
 wa-iwi 
 
 girl 
 
 wa-l-^ 
 
 wa + , " 
 
 t'agd'« 
 
 she cried 
 
 k!er 
 
 basket- 
 bucket 
 
 dA'ldAlwaya 
 
 ddldalwaya, 
 
 Dit'gwalAm. Mi' 
 
 "O yes!" Now 
 
 k !er WUU 
 basket- go and 
 bucket get it 
 
 dA'ldAlwaya 
 
 ddldalwaya ! 
 
 WUU 
 go and 
 get it. 
 
 XAmhiwili"^. Kxddi? a-f- 
 
 to river he ran. "What (is it) ? A -I- ! 
 
 gasalhi gasalhi. DA'ldAlwaya 
 
 quickly, quickly! Ddldalwaya, 
 
 that 
 
 pluwii^k'wit'. 
 
 he named 
 himself. 
 
 Ga nanha^k' 
 
 "That always say 
 (fut.) ; 
 
 ndnha^k' bene akhi 
 
 always say then!" he himself 
 (fut.) 
 
 ddldalwaya daldalwaya dd.ldal- 
 
 ddldalwaya, ddldalwaya, ddldal- 
 
 lA good example of the use of the future imperative. The idea is, "(If you 
 insist on going), then cry (later on, when you will have found out that I am right)." 
 2 Pronounced in a loud whisper. 
 
ANTHEOPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 way a n^nha%' nagdhi^ xapxwr 
 
 waya, always say he said to her, little 
 (fut.)!" it is said, 
 
 Gane tclumamt'a libis gayafl. 
 
 Then he boiled it crawfish, they ate it. 
 
 Gane b^Meyeweykk"^ nog6 
 
 Then they continued down river 
 
 traveling, from 
 
 wa-iwi'. Abaiyeweykk"'. 
 
 girl. He returned into the 
 
 house with her. 
 
 will 
 
 house 
 
 wo^k'. 
 
 yaw^'^ waxadil. 
 
 they he and his 
 
 talked younger brother. 
 
 Handkt' 
 
 "Across from 
 here 
 
 I 
 
 ginik'de^ 
 
 I'll go 
 
 Gane'hi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 said, 
 
 mahdit'a ga-^hl 
 
 big one to. 
 
 they 
 arrived. 
 
 ma^sr 
 
 you, 
 however, 
 
 nagd-ihi^. 
 
 he said, it is 
 said. 
 
 suwili' 
 
 he sat 
 
 kiwdlt'a 
 
 younger one 
 
 ga^kl 
 
 to 
 
 gink'. Gadi'l go"in ihemexinik' ^ 
 
 "Those two we we are to wrestle 
 with one another," 
 
 go! 
 
 dak 'will 
 
 on top of 
 the house 
 
 waxa 
 
 his younger 
 brother 
 
 Gehi gini^k' mah^it'a 
 
 There he went the big one, 
 
 mahait'a dak'wili. Abd,-ihi gini^k'. 
 
 the big one on top of the Inside he went, 
 
 house. 
 
 kiwalt'a aba-iwok. Yap!a i'ltslak"^ 
 
 younger one he arrived at Person wicked 
 
 his house. 
 
 ci^wili hapxi hapsdi alxali. Mi'^si' hapxitli't'a 
 
 she was children small they were Just one boy 
 
 sitting, sitting. 
 
 fltslak"' waxa dedewili'da ciuli. 
 
 wicked his younger at the door he was 
 
 brother sitting. brother 
 
 p'itn lexi banx tlumuxi nagd-ihi^. 
 
 salmon give it me hunger it is killing he said, it is 
 to it to eat, me," said. 
 
 add.t'wi^ lagd.k'i hapxwi hapsdi. 
 
 to every one he gave it children little, 
 
 of these to eat 
 
 cii"li' dedewili'da. Yap!a tli'la'p' 
 
 he was at the door. Person male 
 
 sitting 
 
 nl't' 
 
 Ddldal waxa 
 
 Dpldal his younger 
 
 gayawa^n 
 
 I'll eat it, 
 
 gayawand,^ 
 
 when he had 
 eaten it 
 
 mi'^sga^ 
 
 ba*gini^k' 
 
 he went up, 
 
 Daldal 
 
 Ddldal 
 
 gtixda 
 
 his wife 
 
 yap!a 
 
 person 
 
 p'itn 
 
 "Salmon 
 
 P'im 
 
 Salmon 
 
 Yonder 
 
 guxda 
 
 his -Kiie 
 
 i't !aut !au 
 
 he fiddled 
 with them 
 
 O'pxa 
 
 His elder 
 brother 
 
 her 
 nipples. 
 
 malagan^nhi 
 
 he told him. 
 
 Xapxitli't'a 
 
 Boy 
 
 ba-igini^k' 
 
 he went out. 
 
 obiyk 
 
 "O elder 
 brother, 
 
 haxiya 
 
 to the 
 water 
 
 aba-iw5^k' 
 
 he has arrived 
 at the house 
 
 ciuli 
 
 she was 
 sitting, 
 
 gini%'. 
 
 he went. 
 
 yap!a 
 
 person 
 
 ' So heard for hapx(w)i. 
 
 = Aorist in tense, because referring to an act in the immediate future. One 
 might also use the future iheemxinigam, "we shall wrestle." 
 'Probably equivalent to mii^s-hi. 
 < Equivalent to cu^wilii, ci"itlii. 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 31 
 
 p'ima^t' 
 
 your 
 salmon 
 
 hapxwi 
 
 children," 
 
 gayau 
 
 he ate it, 
 
 g-Qxde^ 
 
 your wife 
 
 waxa 
 
 his younger 
 brother 
 
 bu^bini 
 
 his arm 
 
 nagdhi^. Lan 
 
 he said to him, Fish- 
 it is said. net 
 
 geyewklx 
 
 he was eating. 
 
 ni't' tclini^k' 
 
 her he pinched 
 nipples them, 
 
 ba-igwidik"" 
 
 he threw it out 
 to shore, 
 
 p'imdH' 
 
 your 
 salmon 
 
 is"ilis'alhi 
 
 he distributed 
 it to them 
 
 aba-igini^k'. Daldal 
 
 he went into 
 the house. 
 
 p im 
 
 salmon 
 
 gayau. 
 
 he ate it. 
 
 Abaits!ak'ts!d%' 
 
 He stepped into the 
 
 house. 
 
 xasalt'gw^lt'gwili nagd'^his 
 
 he broke it in two by he almost 
 
 stepping on it did, 
 
 ts la'k'ts !a^k' xasalt'gw^lt'gwili. 
 
 he stepped, he broke it in two by 
 
 stepping on it. 
 
 ts!a^k'ts!d%'. Klu'yAm 
 
 erne'' 
 
 here 
 
 bu^bini' 
 
 his arm 
 
 Daldal 
 
 eme^ 
 
 here 
 
 ga^al 
 
 on 
 
 lya'^sge^t'sgkt' p'im yd," 
 
 He just twisted his salmon just 
 arm to one side, 
 
 ganau 
 
 in 
 (as) player. 
 
 he stepped. 
 
 'Friend, 
 
 P'imhi 
 
 'Just 
 salmon 
 
 gayawa'Ti 
 
 I'll eat it," 
 
 lo"bd«. 
 
 let us 
 play!" 
 
 nagait'e^. 
 
 I said. 
 
 An? 
 
 "Not 
 
 An? 
 
 Not 
 
 me^ginik'de^ 
 
 hither I came 
 
 I6"x 
 
 playing 
 
 ga^al 
 
 for 
 
 me^ginik'de^. 
 
 hither I came." 
 
 LogWA's'iniba^ 
 
 "Let us play with 
 each other, 
 
 ts!inits!anx 
 
 he became 
 angry 
 
 Ba-igin?k' 
 
 They went out, 
 
 Klu'yAm logwA's"iniba®. 
 
 "Friend, let us play with 
 
 each other!" 
 
 t!u'lt!als'iniba^. Nagasanhi^. 
 
 let us play grass They said to each 
 game!" other, it is said. 
 
 K!wai 
 
 Grass 
 
 igi'na 
 
 he took it. 
 
 mi' 
 
 now 
 
 daldal. 
 
 Daldal 
 
 daheba" 
 
 Duwd^^k' logwA'siniba^s? 
 
 "It is well! let us play with each 
 other, then," 
 
 ba^isgak'sgdk' haxiya 
 
 he picked him up, to the water 
 
 Ganeh? 
 
 Then, it is 
 said, 
 
 nagd-ihi^. 
 
 he said, it is 
 said. 
 
 ginik'^. M + 
 
 he went "M + 
 
 Mi'wis dap^a'la-u 
 
 Now, it youth 
 
 seems, 
 
 he^'^me^ yap!d gwalk will'. 
 
 yonder people many their 
 
 houses. 
 
 m+! 
 
 m + ! 
 
 do. moyugwanan- 
 
 handsome he's to be spoiled," 
 
 with him. 
 1 
 
 mu^xdanhi 
 
 once indeed," 
 
 sas 
 
 holding his 
 ground 
 
 Handat' 
 
 Across from 
 there 
 
 nagd'^his 
 
 he nearly 
 said; 
 
 nagd'^ 
 
 he does 
 
 Mi' ibemexa^n. 
 
 Now they wrestled 
 with each other 
 
 nagd-ihi^. M + 
 
 yap!a 
 
 person 
 
 sas 
 
 holding his 
 ground 
 
 dap^ald-u 
 
 youth 
 
 he did, it 
 is said. 
 
 nagd-ih? 
 
 they said, 
 it is said, 
 
 Xa-imi'^wasgi'b?n 
 
 "I'll probably cut him 
 through 
 
 m+ ! Hawi 
 
 m + ! Yet 
 
 "M 
 
 o pxa 
 
 his elder 
 brother 
 
 alxi'k'wa. 
 
 he saw him. 
 
 du. 
 
 hand- 
 some." 
 
 Ma'mit'a 
 
 The elder 
 (plur.) 
 
 Ganeh? 
 
 Then, it 
 is said, 
 
 yap !a handdt' 
 
 people across the 
 river, 
 
 ihemexa^n. 
 
 they wrestled with 
 each other. 
 
 just 
 one 
 
 1 This sentence is pronounced in a slow, subdued, pitying tone. M + expresses 
 fear and foreboding; cf. above, p. 29, 1. 8. 
 
ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 p'lm 
 
 salmon 
 
 Agasi^ 
 
 So these 
 
 Dalddl 
 
 Dald^l 
 
 maMit'a 
 
 the elder 
 
 yunobdlt'. 
 
 he was holdidg his 
 net for them. 
 
 dap^alafl k'.wdlt'a ihemexa^n 
 
 youths younger ones they wrestled 
 with each other, 
 
 ddk'wili 
 
 on top of the 
 house 
 
 wa^dixda 
 
 their bodies 
 
 ciuli. 
 
 he was 
 sitting. 
 
 klidididi. 
 
 "Klidididi." 
 
 Hin+ 
 
 "Hm + 
 
 hm+ ! Hawi 
 
 hm + ! Yet 
 
 na^e^niyo'"^ nag^-ihi« 
 
 they always do , ' ' they said, it 
 is said, 
 
 Ani gelgulugw^^n 
 
 "Not I wish it. 
 
 An?his 
 
 Never yet' 
 
 p'ima^t' gai. 
 
 ga 
 
 that 
 
 your 
 salmon 
 
 yaxa 
 
 just 
 
 eat it!' 
 
 p im 
 
 salmon 
 
 ba-idlsgadasgat'. 
 
 they have strength. 
 
 yap!d.han. KIu'yAm 
 
 people "Friend, 
 
 together. 
 
 lo"gWA'siniba^. ^olom 
 
 let us play with Before 
 
 each other. 
 
 gelgulugwd^n gane lo"x gelgulugwa^n. KIu'yAm guxdek' 
 
 ^ I wanted it, now playing I wish it." "Fnend. my wife 
 
 -ni't' tc'in%' A'nl^ gelgulugwd^n ihemxiniba^ naga-ihi^ 
 
 her pinch them!" "Not I wish it, let us wrestle he said it is 
 
 xier pi"^ .^j^jj g^j,jj other! said, 
 
 nipples ^ 111 
 
 Hd'^^ea handkt' maha-it'a yuklwoi waxa am duk . 
 
 That one across from the elder one he knew it his younger not being 
 
 yonder there Drotner sirong. 
 
 ba-igwidik'^ hanhists!a^k'ts!a^k'. 
 
 he threw it off he was about to step 
 
 across. 
 
 «e'!" 
 
 nagd-ihi^. 
 
 he said, it is 
 said. 
 
 ..£gn'l 
 
 gwidi 
 
 where 
 
 Lan 
 
 Fishing- 
 net 
 
 ginigkt' ? 
 
 do you go? 
 
 to shore, 
 
 Me^^dat' 
 
 This way 
 
 daldal 
 
 Dald^l 
 
 mahait'a 
 
 the elder 
 
 ga 
 
 that 
 
 Gwend^k'alyew6'^ 
 
 He turned back on top 
 
 Wdt'gwan bill 
 
 At one 
 another 
 
 de^yii^ 
 
 they 
 sounded, 
 
 ma'mit'a 
 
 the elder 
 ones 
 
 xa-isg6"t'. 
 
 he cut him 
 through. 
 
 dak'wili' cuwilT 
 
 on top of he was 
 
 the house sitting, 
 
 P !a-i^isga*k'sgkk' 
 
 He picked him up and 
 set him down; 
 
 ;"^. Ganehi^ ihemexa^n. 
 
 they Then, it is they wrestled 
 
 jumped. said, with one another 
 
 klididididi. Handat' 
 
 "k!ididididi." Across the 
 
 river 
 
 ihemexa^n. An? 
 
 they wrestled Not 
 
 gink' naga-ihi^. Aga 
 
 come!" he said, it is This 
 
 said. 
 
 dexebe^n me^^dkt'. 
 
 he said, "This way!" 
 
 yap!a 
 
 people 
 
 henenkk"". 
 
 he destroyed 
 them. 
 
 wadixda 
 
 their 
 bodies 
 
 mi 
 
 now 
 
 kiwalt'a 
 
 younger 
 one. 
 
 with each other. 
 
 Mi' t lomomdn yap^a 
 
 Now they were people 
 killed 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 said, 
 
 xa-isg6"t' 
 
 he cut him 
 through 
 
 dabalnixa Ig.^lit'a^ 
 
 long when it 
 
 became 
 
 iltslak"' ga^m waxadil. 
 
 evil two he and his 
 
 younger brother. 
 
 mi' 
 
 now 
 
 •Lit., "almost not." 
 
E. SAME — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 33 
 
 Kx^di 
 
 "What 
 
 ma 
 
 you 
 
 yapla 
 
 person 
 
 yuda^ ? 
 
 you will 
 be?" 
 
 No" gwidik"', 
 
 Westwards he threw 
 him. 
 
 SwSnxgwa 
 
 "Evening star 
 
 ndnsbina^ dahoxa ba-iwilwd,^s ndnsbina^. Hino" 
 
 you will always in the evening he that comes up you will always Eastwards 
 be called, be called. 
 
 gwel^wak'wi^ 
 
 when it is early 
 morning 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 nag^'^his 
 
 he nearly 
 said 
 
 Hono^ 
 
 Again 
 
 ba-iwilwd^s. 
 
 he that comes 
 up." 
 
 sgisi Ian ba-ixilik"^. 
 
 Coyote fishing- he snatched 
 net it up. 
 
 Sgisi. Tslamal ya" 
 
 Coyote. Mice just 
 
 p im 
 
 salmon 
 
 xamd6^gwidik "" 
 
 he threw it forth 
 into water, 
 
 wede 
 
 not 
 
 p im 
 
 salmon 
 
 it!auk!eit' 
 
 you will catch 
 them," 
 
 t'i'S 
 gophers 
 
 nagdnhi^. 
 
 he was told, 
 it is said. 
 
 Haxiyk 
 
 "In the 
 water 
 
 i't !aut !au 
 
 he caught 
 them net 
 
 ya^ it !aut !ku. 
 
 just he caught ' 
 
 them. 
 
 it!a'ut!iwi^n 
 
 I'll catch 
 them, ' ' 
 
 Ian ganku. 
 
 fishing- in. 
 
 Ma 
 
 You 
 
 Hat'gau ododd^ t'i's 
 
 "In the 
 earth 
 
 you will hunt gophers, 
 for them 
 
 ts lamal^ 
 
 that 
 
 daldal 
 
 Daldal. 
 
 raa^k it la^idd^ nagd-ihi^ 
 
 you, for you will catch he said, it is 
 your part, them," said, 
 
 ya'p!a p'im sanknk' dadaiyd"^t' 
 
 ' ' People salmon they will spear they will go to 
 
 them, get food, 
 
 laxiniya"^t' wedesi^ d5"mxiniyatik'. Gana^nex 
 
 they will feed so that not they will kill one In that way 
 
 one another, another. 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 said, 
 
 dadals'iniya^^t' 
 
 they will go to get food 
 from one another, 
 
 t'ga^ yd^t' 
 
 world it will 
 be, 
 
 t'ga^ 
 
 world 
 
 gwi^ne 
 
 how long 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 
 dm^ 
 
 falls 
 
 said, 
 
 gede 
 
 in front of 
 
 dehi gind-k'i^ 
 
 forth that it goes,' 
 
 ba'^deyeweyak''^. 
 
 they continued 
 traveling. 
 
 dexebe^n. Gehi aga 
 
 nagd,-ihi^. 
 
 he said, it is said. 
 
 Aga 
 
 This 
 
 di'lomi 
 
 Di'lomi' 
 
 dexebe^n 
 
 he said. 
 
 he said so. 
 
 Right 
 there 
 
 these 
 
 p im 
 
 salmon 
 
 ganku. Ganehi^ 
 
 in. Then, it is 
 
 said, 
 
 w6"k' k Iwoyoxa^n mi' 
 
 they they accompanied now 
 arrived; each other, 
 
 xudumalt'. Mi' opxa 
 
 he whistled Now his elder 
 
 to him. brother 
 
 la^le\ Mahait'a dasguli 
 
 he became. The elder short 
 
 ba^eyeweykk" 
 
 they continued 
 traveling. 
 
 it !awdt !iwin 
 
 they are always 
 caught 
 
 yd^. Ganehi^ 
 
 they went. Then, it is 
 said, 
 
 Ian 
 
 fishing- 
 nets 
 
 ge 
 
 there 
 
 d6hi 
 
 ahead 
 
 Opxa 
 
 his elder 
 brother 
 
 p !a-ihunti'^^s 
 
 he shrunk, 
 
 naga*", 
 
 he did. 
 
 k!walt'a 
 
 the younger 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 ya 
 
 just 
 
 opxa 
 
 his elder 
 brother 
 
 bals 
 
 long 
 
 lale^ 
 
 he became. 
 
 k! wait 'a 
 
 the younger 
 
 bals la''le\ 
 
 long he became. 
 
34 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 B6" 
 
 Now 
 
 aga 
 
 these 
 
 ge sasmi sum' 
 
 there they stand, moun- 
 tains 
 
 lane\ 
 
 they 
 became. 
 
 GweldL 
 
 Finished! 
 
 Babi^t' 
 
 Your baa-p'- 
 seeds 
 
 M^p'lap'. 
 
 collect and 
 eat them! 
 
 Translation} 
 
 Daldal's house there was, by the sea he was dwelUng. 
 There came floating down the river people with bodies all cut 
 through, people with limbs all lopped ofif. He became tired of 
 it, 'tis said. "Where do they come from? What is the matter? 
 Whence come the people with bodies cut through? Where do 
 they come from?" Such they came continually, with bodies all 
 cut through. "Where do they come from?" Then, 'tis said, 
 he became tired of it. A long time elapsed and people kept 
 coming floating down the river; with their legs here cut right 
 through, such continually came floating down the river. Then 
 a long time did pass. "Well, I shall go. Whence come the 
 people with bodies all cut through, well, there I shall go," he 
 said. 
 
 He prepared himself to go. Then he went, up river he 
 
 ' Daldal, the dragon-fly, is a typical American culture hero and transformer. 
 Traveling east up Rogue river, he overcomes and transforms the various wicked 
 beings that threaten continual harm to mankind, sets precedents for the life of the 
 Indians, and, after his work is accomplished, transforms himself into a mountain. 
 Very noticeable is the consistent dignity and benevolence of Daldal. The trickster 
 element often fiound in the American culture hero, as in those cases in which the 
 r61e is played by Coyote, is here incorporated in Daldal's younger brother. The 
 Daldal pair is quite analogous to such typical " Hero Brothers" as the Kathlamet 
 Panther and Mink, the Wishram Eagle and Weasel, and the Klamath Old Marten and 
 Weaslet ; the latter, the younger brother, persists in getting into all sorts of trouble, 
 from which his wiser elder brother has to extricate him. It seems plausible to con- 
 sider the Takelma conception of the dual culture hero as an amalgamation of the 
 conception of the typical single culture hero, who is at the same time transformer 
 and trickster {e. g., Raven of the Northwest Pacific coast and Coyote of the Columbia 
 valley), with that of the "Hero Brothers." The single culture hero Daldal becomes 
 split in two. Under the circumstances the identification of the culture hero or 
 heroes with the dragon-fly is not difficult to understand. The incidents of the myth 
 are very similar in character to those told by the Hupa of YJmantuwinyai (see 
 Goddard, Hupa Texts, University of California Publications in American Archaeology 
 and Ethnology, Vol. I, pp. 123-34). 
 
B. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 35 
 
 proceeded. He did not yet know whence came the people with 
 bodies all cut through, he did not know. "For what reason 
 are there people with bodies cut through? Where do they 
 come from?" he said. Then he went, up along the river he 
 traveled. Then, 'tis said, he shot at a lark, just its nose he 
 pierced. "My nephew, I am glad that you pierced my nose," 
 it said. "Where are you going to?" — "To whence these very 
 people come, all cut through." 
 
 Then he proceeded on his way. Now again he shot at a 
 bird. Way up he shot the arrow, back on the crown of his head 
 it came down. His younger brother, 'tis said, took his stand. 
 "It is my younger brother," he said. Now they had become 
 two, he and his younger brother. Then on they went, up river 
 they proceeded. Someone or other told him, "People are 
 being destroyed, at Di%"mi people are destroyed, they are cut 
 through." Now then, 'tis said, with all sorts of things they 
 wrestled, they wrestled with oaks bearing white acorns; they 
 always just cut them in two, he and his younger brother did 
 that. With these firs they wrestled, with oaks bearing black 
 acorns they wrestled, with oaks bearing white acorns they 
 wrestled, with tcla'sap'-berry bushes' they wrestled, with all 
 sorts of things they wrestled. Then they became strong. They 
 came to a certain person, old woman Bluejay, mother of K'uk'u, 
 a wild man of the woods; there she sat. "Ah! my aunt!" — 
 "Whither are you going, O nephews?" — "Up river. Ah! aunt, 
 give me the big gos'-shell."^ — "It does not belong to me, it is 
 my son's." — "I shall give you a hundred strings of dentalia." — 
 "It does not belong to me, it is my son's. Perhaps he would 
 kill me." — "For what reason? These hundred strings . of 
 dentalia I shall give you." Dentalia, to be sure, (he gave her 
 and) the big gos'-shell he took, dentalia he gave her. Daldal's 
 younger brother did so, the elder one did nothing. This elder 
 one, 'tis said, just kept standing, but this younger brother 
 of his was active. On they went. Now K'uk'Q. returned. 
 
 ' See note 4, p. 22. 
 ' See note i, p. 23. 
 
36 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 "Where is my big gos'-shell?" — "My nephews from down river 
 did come, those hundred strings of dentalia they gave you." — 
 "Where is my big gos'-shell?"— "My nephews have taken it." 
 Now he killed his mother, and followed up the people. Now 
 he caught up with them. "Come back with the big gos'-shell." 
 —"Come back with the hundred strings of dentaUa! Just now 
 I left a hundred strings of dentalia with my a\mt." — "Come 
 back with the big gos'-shell." — "Come back with the hundred 
 rope-lengths!"' — "Come back with the big gos'-shell! There'll 
 be fighting. "—"Then it's well, so let us fight!" Then, 'tis said, 
 they fought, he and the younger Daldal. DEm+, dEm+, 
 dEm+ ! Inside of a hollow tree trunk he ran, and hid himself. 
 "O elder brother!" he said. Then Daldal the elder looked 
 around and picked up a rock; he threw it at him, broke his leg 
 in two with the rock. "Break!" he echoed his own leg as it 
 broke in two, " Break!" he echoed it. " He's echoing his own 
 leg." — "He's echoing his own leg" (K'uk'u repeated in a 
 whisper). "Throw him on the fire!" — "Throw him on the 
 fire!" (K'uk'u repeated in a whisper). "He is about to die." — 
 "He is about to die" (K'uk'u repeated in a whisper). On 
 the fire he threw him. "Xa-u," he echoed his own hair as 
 it burned.^ 
 
 Then they went on, they proceeded on their way. On 
 they went. They wrestled with all sorts of things, oaks they 
 wrestled with, firs they wrestled with, tc!a'cap' -berry bushes 
 they wrestled with, they always just broke them in two.' They 
 met a certain old man. "Someone is coming," he told his 
 elder brother. They met a certain small old man. "Tell it, 
 old man!" — "I ran out on top of the house." — "Yes! why 
 should you act in this way, that you run out of the house? 
 Since enemies have come into the house to fight, that is why 
 
 ' See notes 3 and 4, p. 23. 
 
 ^ It is quite likely that a transformation of Bluejay's son into the Echo is here 
 referred to. 
 
 ''For the myth motive of wrestling with a tree, compare Curtin's Wasco myth 
 of "Eagle has Tobacco-Man and Willow wrestle with Abumat" (Sapir, Wishram 
 Texts, Publications of the American Ethnological Society, Vol. 11, p. 290). 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 37 
 
 you ran out." — "I ran out on top of the house." Just that 
 only he kept saying. Now Daldal became angry. "What sort 
 of thing did you say?" He kicked him over; he burst, just 
 blood he became. In that way, as it seemed, was he* wont to 
 kill people. "Big-nosed Daldal! Put on style!"' he said (to 
 his elder brother). Now his younger brother ate up the blood, 
 and it choked him. "O elder brother!" — "Why did you not 
 better let it alone?" he said. He took a fiint-fiaker and stuck 
 it into his throat; with the fiint-fiaker he took out the blood, 
 with the stick. "So he did not let it alone."' 
 
 Then they continued on their way. Now again they found 
 a house. "Warrrm your back! warrrm your back! warrrm 
 your back!" a woman did say. "Big-nosed Daldal! put on 
 style! I'll warm my back." He went inside. A certain 
 woman was continually warming her back. Now he went to 
 lie down. "Warm your back!" (she said). Into the fire she 
 pushed him. "Keep away! I feel hot." Now the fire had 
 blistered his back. "O elder brother!" — "So he doesn't let 
 things alone." He kicked her off. "Do you think you will be 
 a woman? People will always call you a wdVbush,^ in the 
 swamps you will be. You will not be a woman, food you will 
 be," he said to her. 
 
 Then on they went, continued on their way. "Veni et 
 copula + ! veni et copula + !" inquit (quaedam). "Ah! what are 
 they saying? Big-nosed Daldal! do you, for your part, put on 
 style! ego copulabo," he said to his elder brother. There he 
 went. Crura sua distendit. Tunc, aiunt, cum ea dormivit. 
 Tunc (crura sua) compressit. "Noli mihi id facere!" (inquit 
 Daldal). Nunc prope exanimatus fuit. "O frater senior!" 
 Ibi iit (Daldal senior) ; 'flint-fiaker' usus est, crura eius difiidit. 
 
 ' That is, the old man. He was accustomed to transform himself into blood, so 
 that the people, on swallowing him, might choke to death. 
 
 ^ This is the translation given by Frances Johnson. The meaning seems to be: 
 "You, for your part, just stand there, too stuck up to move. I, however, am going 
 to fall to." 
 
 ' Said, with vexed sarcasm, by the elder Daldal. 
 
 * See note 7, p. 25. 
 
38 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 "Do you think you will be a woman? Fresh- water Mussel you 
 will always be called. " Into the water he threw her. "People 
 shall be wont to eat you; people will eat you, food you shall be," 
 he said to her. 
 
 Now they arose and went on again. Then on they went, 
 continued on their way. Then, not finding a house, they 
 wrestled with all sorts of things, always just cut them 
 in two. He and his younger brother did that. Ah! Now 
 they heard something, "t'uf, t'ut', t'ut'."— "Ah! Big-nosed 
 Daldal!" (said the younger brother and) went on top of the 
 house. Now down he looked; two old women without eyes, 
 blind, were pounding tar-weed seeds, and were facing each 
 other. Now, 'tis said, Daldal's younger brother stole it, the 
 old woman's food he stole; from on top of the house Daldal 
 did so. "How, did you eat it all up?" (said one old woman). 
 "How so? Perhaps it was you that ate it up," they said to 
 each other. The old women's long hair he tied together above 
 them. Now he had tied it above them, and they quarreled with 
 each other. "Now she is fighting me," they said to each other. 
 Now they quarreled with each other, took hold of each other's 
 hair; they quarreled and jumped at each other. And Daldal 
 from on top of the house laughed at them. "Big-nosed Daldal! 
 So it was he that did it?" (they said). " O yes! so my aunts 
 are without eyes, are they?" Then inside he went. A scouring- 
 rush he went for, and into the fire he put its point. Then 
 into their eyes he placed its point. Pop! "Now I have pro- 
 vided you with eyes," he said. 
 
 They continued on their way. With all sorts of things they 
 wrestled as they traveled, firs they wrestled with, oaks they 
 wrestled with, and always cut them in two. Strong they made 
 themselves. Now again they found a house. "A! Big-nosed 
 Daldal! put on style!" He went inside; the house was full of 
 sinew all tied together. Now he roasted it. Ashes popped all 
 about. In that way, as it seemed, was he' wont to kill people. 
 "A! What are you doing?" he said. He almost burned him. 
 
 ' That is, the man that had taken the form of sinew. 
 
B. SAPIR— TAKELMA TEXTS. 39 
 
 "O elder brother!" — "^E^! do you think that you are going 
 to keep house? Deer's sinew shall you always be called; 
 feathers shall be tied onto arrows therewith, whenever people 
 make arrows they shall be tied therewith," he said to him. 
 Now he had made it. 
 
 They continued on their way. Then, 'tis said, with all 
 sorts of things they wrestled. Now again they arrived at a 
 house, but there was no person there. A+ ! there was sal- 
 mon roasted by the fire. "A! Big-nosed Daldal! put on style! 
 I'm going to eat my salmon." There was no person there; 
 there was just a salmon-spear shaft in the house, with the 
 spear-point at its point. Out he took the salmon and ate it. 
 "How is it that they do that way, that there are no people, 
 but just a salmon spear-shaft in the house with a spear-point 
 at its point?" Now the salmon-spear shaft fought with him. 
 So it was that one indeed that kept house. Now again the 
 salmon-spear shaft had almost killed him. "O elder brother!" 
 — "E''! Why didn't he leave it alone?" He took the salmon- 
 spear shaft and broke it in two. "Do you think that you are 
 going to keep house? People shall make you, salmon-spear 
 shafts shall be made. People will make salmon-spear shafts, 
 and shall spear salmon with them. So you are not going to 
 keep house," he said to him. 
 
 Now again they continued on their way. And again with 
 all sorts of things they wrestled, they always just broke them 
 in two. Now, 'tis said, ten houses they found. In one house 
 there was smoke, one house — smoke was coming up out of one 
 house. They looked inside, but there was no person, just 
 household implements. Now they looked into another house, 
 but there was no person, just household implements. Now 
 they looked into another house, but there was no person, just 
 household implements. Then, 'tis said, they arrived at a house 
 where were one old woman and one little girl. "Ah! Go and 
 get water, I am thirsty. Go and get water," he said. "M+, 
 m+ ! There is some evil being in the water," said the old 
 woman. "Go quickly and get water, I am thirsty." — "There is 
 
40 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 some evil being in the water," said the old woman. "There I 
 shall run," (said the little girl). "In that case you shall cry! In 
 that case you shall cry!" she said. The little girl went for 
 water, dipped up the water. Now she was seized. "Wa + , 
 wa + ," she cried. "0 yes!" (said Daldal) and ran to the 
 river. "What is it? A+ ! go and get a basket-bucket, go and 
 get a basket-bucket quickly, quickly! Ddldalwaya, dd.ldalwaya, 
 ddldalwaya! Like that shall you always say!" He himself 
 did name himself. "That shall you always say. Always say 
 ddldalwaya, dd.ldalwaya, ddldalwaya ! " he said to the little 
 girl. Back to the house he returned with her. Then they 
 boiled the Crawfish and they ate it. 
 
 Then they proceeded on their way, and arrived down 
 river from a house. Then, 'tis said, he and his younger brother 
 talked. "Across from here I shall go to the elder one, but do 
 you go to the younger one. With those two we are to wrestle," 
 he said. There the elder one went, and went up on top of the 
 house; on top of the house the elder one sat. Inside he went. 
 Daldal 's younger brother arrived at the house of the yotmger 
 one. The wicked person's wife was sitting there, and there 
 little children were sitting. Just one boy, younger brother 
 of the wicked person, was sitting at the door. Daldal's younger 
 brother said, "I'm going to eat saknon. Give me salmon to eat, 
 I'm hungry." When he had eaten the salmon, he gave every 
 one of the little children to eat. Yonder was one sitting by 
 the door. The man's wife was sitting, and he fiddled with her 
 nipples. The boy went out of the house, went to the water. 
 He told his elder brother, "O elder brother, a certain person 
 has arrived at the house and has eaten your salmon, your wife's 
 nipples he has pinched, your salmon he has distributed to the 
 children," he said to him. The fish-net he threw out to shore 
 and went into the house. Daldal's younger brother was eating, 
 salmon he ate. He stepped into the house and almost broke 
 (Daldal's) arm in two; here on his arm he stepped and (nearly) 
 broke it in two. (Daldal) just twisted his arm to one side and 
 stepped right into the salmon. "O friend, let us play!" (said 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. it 
 
 the wicked man). "I did not come here to play. 'I shall 
 just eat salmon, ' I said to myself. Not for play did I come here. " 
 — "O friend, let us play with each other!" and he took grass. 
 "Let us play with each other, let us play the grass game!" 
 Thus, 'tis said, they spoke to each other. And now then 
 Daldal became angry. "It is well! let us, then, play with 
 each other," he said. Out of the house they went; he picked 
 him up and went to the water with him. "M+, m+ ! Now, 
 it seems, the handsome youth is to be spoiled,"^ they said — 
 yonder were the houses of many people. Now they wrestled 
 with each other. "I think I'll cut him through the first time," 
 he thought to himself, but (Daldal) held his ground. "M+, 
 m+ ! Still the person holds his ground, the handsome youth." 
 Then, 'tis said, they wrestled with each other. From across 
 the river his elder brother saw him. The elder people were on 
 the other side of the river, and one was holding his net for 
 salmon. Daldal the elder was sitting on top of the house. So 
 these youths, the younger ones, did wrestle with each other, 
 k!idididi went their bodies. "Hm+, hm+! Still they have 
 strength. Never before have they done that," said the people 
 collected together. "O friend, eat your salmon!" — "I do not 
 wish it, let us play with each other. Before I just wanted 
 salmon, now I desire to play."— "O friend, pinch my wife's 
 nipples!" — "I do not wish it, let us wrestle with each other," 
 he said. That one yonder across the river, the elder one, 
 knew that his younger brother was not strong. "Eh!" he said, 
 and threw his fishing-net out to shore. He was about to step 
 across the river. "E°! where are you going? Come this way!" 
 (Daldal) said. This Daldal the elder was sitting on top of the 
 house, he it was that said "This way!" He turned back, 
 picked him up, and set him down; people he used to destroy. 
 At one another they jumped, and then, 'tis said, they wrestled; 
 then their bodies sounded k!idididi. On the other side of the 
 river he had already cut through the younger one, while the 
 elder ones wrestled. It did not last long before he had cut him 
 
 ' That is, killed. See note i, p. 3. 
 
42 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 through. Now the two wicked people, he and his younger 
 brother, were slain. "Do you think that you will be a person?" 
 and to the west he threw him. "The Evening Star you shall 
 always be called, you shall always be called he that comes up in 
 the evening." (To the younger one he said, "You will be) he 
 that comes up in the east early in the morning. " 
 
 Now Coyote snatched up the fishing-net. "In the water 
 I shall catch salmon," Coyote thought to himself, but he caught 
 only mice in the fishing-net. Again he threw it forth into the 
 water, but caught only gophers. "Eh! you shall not catch 
 salmon," he was told. "In the earth you shall hunt for gophers, 
 mice shall you, for your part, catch," did Daldal say. Then 
 he said, "People shall spear salmon, they will go to get food, 
 to one another will they go to get food; one another they will 
 feed, and they shall not kill one another. In that way shaU 
 the world be, as long as the world goes on. " 
 
 Then, 'tis said, they continued on their way. These things 
 he had said at Di'lo"mi, in front of the falls he had said so. 
 Right there salmon are always caught in fishing-nets. Then 
 they continued on their way, on they went. Then, 'tis said, they 
 arrived there, they accompanied each other. Now his elder 
 brother went on ahead. Now the elder brother whistled to 
 him; now the elder brother shrunk, while the younger one grew 
 tall. The elder one became short, the younger one became tall. 
 Nowadays these are standing there, mountains they have 
 become. 'Tis finished. Go gather and eat ba^p'-seeds.* 
 
 3. Panther and his Deer-Wife. 
 Wili' yow6^ hulk' waxadil yak'". Be^vi^ alhuyux 
 
 House there was, Panther he and his Wildcat. Every day he went out 
 younger brother hunting, 
 
 pliyin he^fleme^k'. Ganehi^ dabalnlxa la*le^ p!iyin bus" 
 
 deer he killed them Then, it is long time it became, deer all gone 
 
 off. said, 
 
 ' This is the conventional method of winding up a Takelma myth. The com- 
 mand is addressed to the children who have gathered around to listen to its recital. 
 They are to go off and gather seeds in order to become active. Too much sitting 
 around listening to stories makes one lazy. 
 
E. SAPIK — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 43 
 
 la^Muhi. P liyinhi 
 
 he caused Deer them- 
 them to become, selves 
 
 girl 
 7/ 
 
 p Iiyin 
 
 deer 
 
 p Iiyin 
 
 deer 
 
 hen^e 
 
 then 
 
 d.n? 
 
 not 
 
 k'ai 
 
 any 
 
 yewe'^ 
 
 he returned, 
 
 yawd's Mlk' 
 
 they were "Panther 
 talking, 
 
 ge ^imiham hulk' 
 
 there they sent her Panther 
 
 wa-iwi' yow6k'. Ga 
 
 girl he married That 
 
 her. 
 
 d,nl^ p Iiyin altlaykk' 
 
 not deer he found 
 
 them. 
 
 Hon6%i 
 
 p liyin 
 
 deer 
 
 Again 
 indeed 
 
 iiE 
 
 when it was 
 dawn 
 
 ^is'ihi 
 
 Even 
 though 
 
 p iiyin. Ganehi^ 
 
 deer. 
 
 t lomSm. 
 
 he killed 
 them. 
 
 bilam yewe' 
 
 empty- he returned 
 handed 
 
 wit' d,n? altlayak' 
 
 he went not he found 
 
 about, them 
 
 dahSxa yewe'^ bilam yewe 
 
 in the he returned, empty- he returned, 
 evening handed 
 
 ddktiemex s'om 
 
 they assembled, mountain 
 
 Ganehi^ mi' banx 
 
 Then, it is now hunger 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 said, 
 
 w6®gia-uda^ 
 
 he^ileme^XAm. Mi'^sga^hi 
 
 he has killed Just one 
 
 us off." 
 
 waMa. Mi' hulk' 
 
 to him. Now Panther 
 
 wa-iwi' yowogwan^^ 
 
 girl when he had 
 
 married her, 
 
 hono^ alhiiyax 
 
 again he went out 
 
 hunting, 
 
 alhiiyux dahoxa 
 
 he went out in the 
 hunting, evening 
 
 ga^al hadedilt'a 
 
 S'om 
 
 mountains 
 
 to 
 
 everywhere 
 
 ^18 
 
 Then, it is 
 said, 
 
 P Iiyin 
 
 Deer 
 
 hu^lint' 
 
 he became 
 tired 
 
 ya 
 
 just, 
 
 hono^ 
 
 again 
 
 yawd-ida^ 
 
 they talking. 
 
 mi'^sga^ 
 
 ganau 
 
 in 
 
 wili 
 
 house 
 
 dakt lemex. 
 
 they assembled. 
 
 gwelh6k'wal 
 
 holed underneath 
 
 that 
 
 dn? 
 
 not 
 
 wili 
 
 house 
 
 abki 
 
 inside 
 
 bilam 
 
 empty- 
 handed 
 
 k'ai 
 
 any 
 
 said, 
 
 t !om6m. 
 
 he killed 
 them. 
 
 016m 
 
 Formerly 
 
 hen^( 
 
 then 
 
 loh6'« 
 
 he was 
 dead; 
 
 p Iiyin 
 
 deer 
 
 dabalnixa 
 
 long time 
 
 gankt' 
 
 so in 
 appearance' 
 
 henen^k"^ 
 
 ganau 
 
 in 
 
 la^it'a^ 
 
 when it 
 became 
 
 t lomomand^ 
 
 when he had 
 killed them, 
 
 debti'^ cixum^ Mi' dn? k'ai henen^k"^ waxadil 
 
 full dried Now not any they con- he and his 
 
 venison. sumed it younger brother 
 
 cixum. Ganehi^ alhuyHx hono^ be*wi^ alhuyux 
 
 dried Then, it is he went out again, every day he went out 
 
 venison. said, hunting hunting, 
 
 yewe'^. 
 
 he returned. 
 
 pli' 
 firewood 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 said, 
 
 blls 
 
 aga^a 
 
 this, for 
 her part, 
 
 mengi' 
 
 full of 
 
 guxda p !i' 
 
 his wife firewood 
 
 wagaw6k' 
 
 she used to 
 bring it. 
 
 wo^6''ha. 
 
 she used to 
 go for it. 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 said, 
 
 Ganehi^ aga 
 
 Then, it is this 
 said, one 
 
 dew6nxa 
 
 to-morrow 
 
 ^i. e., so many — (that). 
 i:=^ciix xum, " venison dry.' 
 
44 ANTHEOPOLOGICAL PDB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 gwePwak'wi*^ lawdlhida*^ p!i' bils d,n? k'ai hono^. 
 
 early in the whenever it firewood moss not any again. 
 
 morning 
 
 became. 
 
 Alhuyux bllam yew6'^. Gwin^di wede bilam y^uk'. 
 
 He went out empty- he returned. When not empty- he returned?' 
 
 hunting, handed handed 
 
 Ganehi^ daho"xa la^lit'a^ k'a-ila'p'a tsli'k'dagwa 
 
 Then, it is said, evening when it became woman her own flesh 
 
 he^^sg6"^t'k'^ gw^lxdagwa ga^al. Ganehi^ dahoxa yewe'^ 
 
 she cut it off her own legs at. Then, it is in the he returned 
 
 (it would seem) said, evening 
 
 hulk^a banx mengi'. Gwidi pliyin^a leme^x? K'a-ila'p'a 
 
 Panther, hunger full of. "Where deer, for they have Woman 
 
 on his part, their part, gone?" 
 
 d,n? yiwiyd"^. Ganehi^ mi' sebek' tsli'k'dagwa cix, 
 
 not she spoke. Then, it is now she her own flesh venison, 
 
 said, roasted it 
 
 Ganehi^ hulk' yew^''^ daho"xk. Banx dn? his aba-iwok'de^ 
 
 Then, it is Panther he returned in the "Hunger not nearly I arrived 
 
 said, evening. home," 
 
 naga-ihi^. Ganehi^ xuma igi'na k'a-ila'p'a das^lda matslkk' 
 
 he said, it is Then, it is food she woman, on the she 
 
 said. said, took it ground ^ placed it 
 
 cix. Ganehi^ gayau cix xigwklt'* yoklwoi aga cix 
 
 venison. Then, it is he ate it venison fresh; he knows it this venison 
 
 said, 
 
 hen6^n abki gasi^ bo" d,ga yeweida^ cix xigwkl. Ganehi^ 
 
 it is in the but now this when he venison fresh. Then, it is 
 
 all gone house, returns said, 
 
 gaya-Q gelhewehau hulk'. Gwidi bd.xamkk"' naga-ihi^ 
 
 he ate it, he was thinking Panther. "Whence does she get it ?" " he said, it is 
 
 said, 
 
 gelhew^hana^ hulk'. Ganehi^ hono^ alhuyiax we*gia-uda^. 
 
 as he thought Panther. Then, it is again he went out when it was 
 
 said, hunting dawn. 
 
 Ganehi^ hono^ dahoxa bilam yewe'^. Gwine^di wede 
 
 Then, it is again in the empty- he returned. When not 
 
 said, evening handed 
 
 'i. e., he kept returning empty-handed. 
 
 2 To be analyzed as hee^-sg6M!-k' . This form is inferential, not aorist {ke^'sgdH'), 
 in tense, because the act was done secretly, without direct knowledge on Panther's 
 part. She " must have cut it off," because her own flesh was offered as food. Sebik' 
 (1. 6) is also an inferential form, for similar reasons; the aorist is seep'. 
 
 'Lit., " in front of his feet." 
 
 * Probably derived from xi, "water." Its literal meaning would then be "having 
 water, juicy." 
 
 'Lit., "she comes having it." 
 
E. SAPm — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 45 
 
 bilam yfeilk'? Ganehi^ hen^e 
 
 empty- he returned? Then, it is then 
 
 dahoxk n^^ gwidi baxarnkk'" 
 
 in the "Well, whence does she 
 
 handed 
 
 said. 
 
 nagd-ihi^ gelhewehana^. 
 
 he said, it is said, as he thought. 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 said. 
 
 la4e\ 
 
 night it became. 
 
 xu'^ne 
 
 evenmg 
 
 Ganehi® 
 
 Then, it is 
 said. 
 
 get it?" 
 
 waya^ 
 
 he slept. 
 
 gflxda 
 
 his wife 
 
 hono^ 
 
 also 
 
 waya^. Ganehi^ 
 
 she slept. Then, it is 
 said, 
 
 gelhewehau gwidi 
 
 he was "Whence 
 
 thinking, 
 
 k'a-ila'p'a ulum 
 
 woman before 
 
 daplaxa 
 
 before day- 
 break 
 
 la^e' 
 
 it became 
 
 wayd.^ 
 
 he slept. 
 
 aga 
 
 this 
 
 venison 
 indeed 
 
 hulk'^a an? 
 
 Panther, not 
 
 for his part, 
 
 baxamkk'^? Ganehi«= baHlebfet' 
 
 she gets it?" Then, it is she arose 
 
 said, 
 
 hen^e p !i' wagaok'nana^ 
 
 then firewood when she was wont 
 to bring it 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 said, 
 
 agasi^ 
 
 but indeed 
 
 k'a-ila'p'a 
 
 woman 
 
 ba'^tlebet' 
 
 she arose 
 
 agasr 
 
 and so 
 
 hulk' 
 
 Panther 
 
 bils 
 
 moss 
 
 not 
 
 mengi. 
 
 full of. 
 
 way^^ 
 
 he slept; 
 
 guxda 
 
 his wife 
 
 hulk' 
 
 ' ' Panther 
 
 Ba^t'.ebet' bils gayku. 
 
 She arose, moss she ate it. 
 
 waya** 
 
 he is 
 sleeping 
 
 Eme^hi 
 
 mi'^wa nagd%is k'a-ila'p'a. 
 
 probably," she almost woman, 
 
 said 
 
 alxi'k' delgan he^sgu^^t'ok"^ 
 
 cut away. 
 
 gwelxdagwa 
 
 her own legs 
 
 Bils gayaii 
 
 Moss she ate it. 
 
 Right here he saw her her hams 
 
 ga^al cix he"sg6"«t'k' da«6k'^ik' 
 
 at 
 
 that 
 
 she cut it off, 
 it turned out; 
 
 ga^al 
 
 at 
 
 anr 
 
 not 
 
 k'ai. 
 
 any. 
 
 haga 
 
 that 
 yonder 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 said. 
 
 wala^ 
 
 in truth 
 
 ga 
 
 that 
 
 so she gave 
 him as food 
 
 na^ndnhak' 
 
 she always did, 
 it turned out. 
 
 ts- li't'gwa. 
 
 her own flesh. 
 
 bils 
 
 moss 
 
 p!i' 
 
 firewood 
 
 bils 
 
 moss 
 
 gayau p !i 
 
 she ate it firewood 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 said, 
 
 bayuwun.^ 
 
 he missed her. 
 
 alxfk' 
 
 he saw her. 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 mi 
 
 now 
 
 guxda 
 
 his wife 
 
 wilaut'agwa igi'na. 
 
 his own arrow he took it. 
 
 ga^kl 
 
 at 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 tlit'gwa 
 
 her own 
 husband 
 
 wa^da 
 
 to him 
 
 wa^da 
 
 to him 
 
 biliuda*^ 
 
 as she 
 jumped, 
 
 t !ibagwd,n 
 
 his pancreas 
 
 mr 
 
 now 
 
 bili''^. 
 
 she 
 jumped. 
 
 wet'gi. Mi' 
 
 she took Now 
 from him. 
 
 sasmi. 
 
 she was 
 standing. 
 
 ts !ayak' 
 
 he shot 
 at her, 
 
 tlit'gwa 
 
 her own 
 husband 
 
 bai^ibilik'^ 
 
 she ran out with 
 it in her hand. 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 1 = ha-iyuwun. This word is probably a causative formation from yowo- 
 "to be;" its literal meaning would then be "he caused it to be out." 
 
46 
 
 ANTHEOPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 tli'la'p'agit'gwa 
 
 her own husband 
 
 t!iba 
 
 pancreas 
 
 hd.*^ga gwi 
 
 that one where 
 yonder 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is said, 
 
 t !eut lawagwan 
 
 ball was played with it 
 
 t !ibagwd,n ga 
 
 his pancreas that 
 
 hulk' 
 
 Panther 
 
 p !iym 
 
 deer 
 
 ge^yd^hi^ 
 
 just there, 
 it is said. 
 
 wak'. 
 
 she 
 fetched it. 
 
 gas'i^ 
 
 so 
 
 wet'gi. ,Mi' bai^ilik"'. 
 
 she took Now she ran out with 
 from him. it in her hand. 
 
 dakt !emexda^ 
 
 that they were 
 assembled, 
 
 wi^in wik ! elhia-uda^ ' 
 
 different whenever it is daylight, 
 
 be^vi^. Ganehi^ 
 
 everyday. Then, it is said, 
 
 «iwat!eut!awak'^. 
 
 they played ball with it 
 in their hands. 
 
 tlibagwdn' sgeleuda^ mi'^s tslawit' 
 
 his pancreas!" as they one fast 
 
 shouted, runner 
 
 yom6i* yoin6 nagdnsa^nhi^. 
 
 Catch up catch up they used to say to 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 said. 
 
 t!eut!d"^ pHyin 
 
 they played ball deer , 
 Every day "Ha+ ! 
 
 gane 
 
 then 
 
 hulk' 
 
 Panther 
 
 i'«da 
 
 That 
 
 gane 
 
 then 
 
 hoy6^t' 
 
 she danced 
 
 t!oit' ha + ^ 
 
 one-horned Ha + ! 
 deer! 
 
 lanit'a^ 
 
 when it 
 became, 
 
 hit' 
 
 with spirit 
 gone 
 
 mi' yap! a igi'na. 
 
 now people he took them 
 
 with him, with him!" each other, it is said. 
 
 hulk' 
 
 Panther, 
 
 p !iy^x 
 
 fawn 
 
 t!iba 
 
 pan- 
 creas 
 
 that 
 
 goy5 
 
 medicine- 
 
 nagd,-ihi^ 
 
 he said, it is 
 said, 
 
 xu'^nfe agas'i^ 
 
 at night, but this 
 
 lap'gul^k'^ 
 
 he was about 
 to become 
 
 Me^ye^k'wknp' 
 
 "Return you (pi.) 
 hither with it 
 
 Ganehi^ mi'^sga^ 
 
 Then, it is one 
 
 said, 
 
 goyo hoyo^t' ^aldi' 
 
 medicine- she danced, all 
 
 woman 
 E 
 
 wet'ginma' 
 
 as he had been 
 deprived of. 
 
 ba-ibili"^ Yom5 
 
 he ran out. "Catch up 
 with him, 
 
 Ganehi^ xu'^ne 
 
 Then, it is night 
 said, 
 
 he^dada^si^ mi' 
 
 but off now 
 
 yonder 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 said. 
 
 yak'^ 
 
 Wildcat 
 
 w?obi' 
 
 my elder 
 brother 
 
 yak'^. 
 
 Wildcat. 
 
 yap! a 
 
 person 
 
 ge 
 
 there 
 
 «alt!a3'kk'. 
 
 she discovered 
 them. 
 
 t libagwdn 
 
 his pancreas," 
 
 ginink' 
 
 they went one 
 after another 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 said. 
 
 helenda« 
 
 as she sang: 
 
 F#?.* 
 
 > > > • > 
 
 -N—N— A — jV-^-Hy—Vri &--fc--h— trS 
 
 gl^ t) . . H H 1 1 1 1 1-^ h 
 
 H P — H 1-5 — f^- 
 
 3C*:: 
 
 =*=rt 
 
 :'^>--g: 
 
 r 
 
 I 
 
 1. Wd - ya- we-ne l6"- wa-na, w4-ya - we-ne l6°- wa-na, w4-ya - we-ne l6°- wa-na. 
 
 2. N6k'-di i-de-mes-a wit', n6k'-di i-de-mes-a wit', n6k'-di i-de-me'-awit'? 
 "Who right over he goes who right over hegoes who right over he goes 
 
 there about, there about, there about?" 
 
 'Probably misheard for iwefe.'ee//iia-Mda'', morphologically related as iterative to 
 w4egia-uda^ , "when it is daylight, next day," as sgotlolh-, "to cut frequentatively," is 
 related to sg6"-d-, "to cut." 
 
 'A loud, prolonged whisper. 
 
 'Each word in this sentence is pronounced distinctly and pompously. 
 
 t^yomb; -oi because of following y-. 
 
E. SAME — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 47 
 
 mu"lapx 
 
 sweat-house 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is said, 
 
 ganku 
 
 us 
 
 we"=gia 
 
 it dawned, 
 
 , Yak'^ 
 
 "Wildcat 
 
 nagdsbi obl'^t' 
 
 he says your elder 
 to you brother," 
 
 hulk' w^^da 
 
 Panther to him. Then, it is 
 said, 
 
 hulk' t libagwdn wa. 
 
 Panther his pancreas with. 
 
 mi'^sga^ igi'na hulk' 
 
 one he took it Panther 
 
 hulk' wd^'da hiwili"^ yak's 'i^ 
 
 Panther to him she ran, but Wildcat 
 
 «alk!ok!6k' obi'H' yo^k'au daldkl 
 
 ugly-faced, your elder 'Bones crack!" 
 brother, 
 
 nagand^'k'i^.^ GweFwak'wi^ ge hiwili"^ 
 
 she kept saying. Early in the there she ran 
 
 it is said. morning 
 
 Ganehi^ ha^yeweok'. Ganehi^ t!eut!iwia"^ 
 
 she always re- 
 turned yonder. 
 
 «i'da hulk' 
 
 "That Panther 
 
 t libagwan 
 
 his pancreas. 
 
 Then, it is 
 said, 
 
 they played 
 ball 
 
 t libagwdn. 
 
 his pancreas." 
 
 ba + 2 
 "Ba-i-! 
 
 t!6it' 
 
 one-horned 
 deer!" 
 
 wk. Ganehi^ 
 
 with. Then, it is 
 said. 
 
 nagdnsa^nhi^. 
 
 they always said to 
 one another, it is said. 
 
 night 
 
 p !iykx. 
 
 fawn. 
 
 yap!a 
 
 people 
 
 Yak'^ k'adi 
 
 Wildcat what 
 
 tc !amal 
 
 Gana^nex 
 
 Thus 
 
 lawdlhet' 
 
 it used to 
 become, 
 
 nak!k 
 
 of all kinds 
 
 t!eut!4"2 
 
 they played 
 ball 
 
 gane 
 
 then 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is said, 
 
 ydmoi yomo 
 
 Catch up catch up 
 with him, with him, 
 
 hulk' t !ibagwd.n 
 
 Panther his pancreas 
 
 mi 
 
 now 
 
 hono^ 
 
 again 
 
 hoyo^t' 
 
 she danced 
 
 igina 
 
 he took 
 them. 
 
 that 
 
 goyo 
 
 medicine- 
 
 even if 
 
 ga 
 
 those 
 
 nek 
 
 any one 
 
 «aldi' 
 
 all 
 
 hulk' 
 
 Panther 
 
 gwr 
 
 any- 
 where 
 
 ^altlaykk'. 
 
 she discovered 
 them. 
 
 t libagwdn 
 
 his pancreas 
 
 an? igi'na yap!a aldi' 
 
 not he took them people ? all 
 
 wana^ igi'na. Aldi' ^altlaykk' 
 
 even he took All she discovered 
 
 him. them 
 
 Kliyi'x ganau p!a-iwa^wilik"" 
 
 Smoke in they came down 
 
 neye^da^. 
 
 that they 
 did. 
 
 Gwin^e la'^le 
 
 Long time it became 
 
 yap!a 
 
 people 
 
 along with it, 
 
 hene^n ani^ 
 
 they were not 
 used up, 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 said. 
 
 yak'^ 
 
 Wildcat 
 
 gane^ 
 
 "Then 
 
 yeweykk'' 
 
 he returned 
 with it. 
 S 
 
 gi's'r 
 
 I in my 
 turn!" 
 
 Gane 
 
 Then 
 
 ge 
 
 there 
 
 w5k' 
 
 he arrived 
 
 ge 
 
 there 
 
 nagd.-ihi^. 
 
 he said, it is 
 said. 
 
 t!eut!iwia-uda^. 
 
 (where) they were 
 playing ball. 
 
 iu'xdagwa ^algiligalhi. Gwi 
 
 his own hands he bedaubed Where 
 himself, them. 
 
 tlibkk'^ ha^sya gwidik'^'danma^ g^hi 
 
 pancreas from side as it was thrown, right 
 
 Gane 
 
 Then 
 
 yd^. 
 
 he went. 
 
 bils 
 
 ^algiligalk'wa 
 
 he daubed it over 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is moss 
 said, 
 
 hen^e kliyi'k'da^ 
 
 then that it fell 
 
 it'e^l. 
 
 from side 
 to side 
 
 there 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 he held out his Then, it is 
 hand palm up. said. 
 
 ' = naganda^k'-hi^. 
 
 2 A loud, prolonged whisper. 
 
48 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 ba+ i'da hu'lk' tlibagwdn neye^hi^ sgeMuda^ pliyin. 
 
 "Ba + ! That Panther his pancreas," they said, it as they deer. 
 
 is said, shouted. 
 
 Ganehi^ ha^i'uda yd^ gwidik'-dan. He^ilik'- mi- 
 Then, it is into his hand just it was thrown. Off he scampered having now 
 said. It m his hand, 
 
 iho"gwkk'^ 6pxa* tlibagwan mi' iho'^gwkk"' Ba+ y6moi 
 
 he ran with it his elder his pancreas now he ran with it "Ba + ! Catchup 
 in his hand, brother m his hand. -with him. 
 
 yomo t'oit' yomoi yom5. Mi' hii"lint'a« ba^nawa'^k'. 
 
 catchup one-horned catchup catchup Now as he was he chmbed up 
 
 with him, deer! with him, with him!" tired a tree. 
 
 Ganehis wi«it'g6yek!in. Ganehi« mi' diklololan t'gd^p'dagwan 
 
 Then, it is he was surrounded. Then, it is now he was dug their own horns 
 said, said, under 
 
 wk. Gane hagwandmde" dekli'gada^ naga-ihi« yak'". 
 
 with. "Now in my trail you shall fall he said, it is Wildcat. 
 
 ahead," said, 
 
 Bem di^isgu'yuklin o"bdn a'ksi*^ gelbam si^li. 
 
 Tree it was made to fall it was he, however, ulp above he was 
 
 by being uprooted, dug up; sitting. 
 
 Hagwandmda d^k'alk!iyi%' d?isgii'yiJk!in g?waya" p'iwas 
 
 In his road down it fell, it was made to fall just far off lightly 
 
 by uprooting; bounding 
 
 nagd'^ Gane he^bili"^ Ba+ yomoi yomo t!oit'. Gwi%edi 
 
 he did. Then away he "Ba + ! Catchup catch up one-horned When 
 leaped. with him, with him, deer!" 
 
 wede ihogwak'"? Gane xu'% lap'guluk'^ dahoxa la^le' 
 
 not he ran with it Then night it was about evening it became; 
 
 in his hand? to become, 
 
 hond^i ba^nawa'%' M^infa^ ligilagknt' hulu'hilint'a^. 
 
 again indeed he climbed up as he was he always whenever he was 
 
 a tree, tired; rested tired. 
 
 Gane ani^ hon6« di^isguyvi"k !in bem. Ganehi« wayd^ aldi\ 
 
 Then not again it was made to fall tree. Then, it is they all. 
 
 by being uprooted said, slept 
 
 Gane wi^it'geye'k'.in yak""s-i^ gelbkm. Mi' we^giaugulugwdn^ 
 
 Then he was surrounded. Wildcat, up above. Now it was about to be 
 
 however, dawn. 
 
 Gane bils ^algiligdlk'wa. Ganehi^ p!ayewe'^= mi'^sga^ 
 
 Then moss he daubed it over Then, it is he returned one 
 
 himself. said, down; 
 
 t'gd^p'da gaddk' p!a-igini^k' wi'^in hono^ gadak' s"6wo^k'6p' 
 
 his horns on top of he came down, another again on top of he jumped. 
 
 ' This word is the periphrastic future of the impersonal and is passive in form. 
 An approximately literal translation would be "it was intended to dawn." 
 2 ^pla-iyew^i^. 
 
E. SAPIK TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 •19 
 
 ba*d6yeweykk"" hono^ wi^in 
 
 he continued on again another 
 
 his way, one 
 
 debin la^'lit'a^ yd,^ Tgoyo^k' 
 
 last one when he just he touched 
 
 became him, 
 
 aldi' k'wa^. Ba+ yomoi 
 
 all they "Ba+! Catchup 
 
 awoke. with him, 
 
 hogwd^sda* ytik'. 
 
 their runner he evidently 
 
 gadak' 
 
 on top of 
 
 s'dwo^k'op' 
 
 he jumped. 
 
 Gane 
 
 Then 
 
 gane waho"gwkk"^. Gane 
 
 now he was running Then 
 
 along with it. 
 
 yomo t!oit' yom6 gawdk'di 
 
 catch up one-horned catch up that one, 
 with him, deer! with him!" it seemed. 
 
 dn? 
 
 not 
 
 Gane 
 
 Then 
 
 k'ai 
 
 any. 
 
 opxa 
 
 his elder 
 brother 
 
 guxda 
 
 his wife 
 
 ba*gel^p!ey6^ 
 
 he lay belly up. 
 
 Ganehi^ mi' 
 
 Then, it is now 
 said, 
 
 Gane a'k !a 
 
 Then he, for 
 his part, 
 
 mttldpx ganau. 
 
 aba-iwok' 
 
 he arrived 
 home; 
 
 m-Qlapx 
 
 sweat-house 
 
 wet gigwana^ 
 
 since she had taken 
 it from him; 
 
 6pxa t !iba 
 
 his elder pancreas 
 brother 
 
 hiwili"^ 
 
 Mi' lohoguluk'^ tlibagwdn 
 
 Now he was about his pancreas 
 to die 
 
 wat !6ut lawagwan. 
 
 ball had been played 
 with it. 
 
 hayawd^da xda^dkk"'/ 
 
 into his ribs he threw it. 
 
 that 
 
 ganau 
 
 in 
 
 mr 
 
 now 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 sweat-house in. Then, it is 
 
 said, 
 
 ba^ewe'^ Gane tslayak' 
 
 he revived. Then he shot at 
 them 
 
 ts !aykk' sgisidil a^^yk' 
 
 he shot at he and they, for 
 
 them, Coyote their part, 
 
 p'.iyin maMit'a tslaykk. 
 
 deer big ones he shot at 
 
 them. 
 
 Gehi yd-xa gi'^a 
 
 Just only I, for 
 there my part, 
 
 t'ga" debti^ la^le^ he^nfe pliyin^a an?* 
 
 land full they have then deer, for not 
 
 become, their part, 
 
 Mi' sgisi ge y^k' 
 
 he ran. Now Coyote there he turned 
 
 out to be 
 
 pliyin^a wok'. Gane hulk' 
 
 deer, for they Then Panther 
 
 their part, arrived. 
 
 mahmi't'a*. Gane yaklwa^ pliyax 
 
 the big ones. Then Wildcat, for fawns 
 his part, 
 
 pliydx tslaykk' hd^'^ga hulk' 
 
 fawns they shot at that one Panther 
 ' them, yonder 
 
 Mi' pliyin t'ga^' gidi 
 
 Now deer land upon 
 
 IS 
 
 yewe 
 
 they 
 returned. 
 
 yok Iwoyd^n. 
 
 I know it. 
 
 Gane 
 
 Now 
 
 k'ai 
 
 any 
 
 aga 
 
 this 
 
 bo" 
 
 today 
 
 p !iyin 
 
 deer 
 
 lap'k' ' gas'i^ 
 
 it turned out but 
 that they became. 
 
 'This word is used of the throwing of a soft, nasty object. Cf. xda^n, "eel." 
 
 a = ao-i^h. 
 
 'dni^, "not," does not go with la^p'k' .which., a.s an inferential form, would require 
 wede, but merely with k'ai; dni^ k'ai is equivalent to "none." 
 
 = These forms are inferentials. Though the verbs briefly recapitulate some of the 
 points of the preceding myth, they are not employed for the purpose of narrating a 
 story, but rather of accounting for present-day conditions; hence the inferential, not 
 the aorist, mode. 4 
 
50 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 bo"^a pliyin gwalk la^le\ He^e pliyin aldi ts!aip'k'' 
 
 today deer many they have Then deer all they hid 
 
 indeed become. themselves, 
 
 hulk' he^ilem^^k'wana" ga ga^al wa-iwi' 6k'igam=' do"mi^ 
 
 Panther because he was that for girl he was killing 
 
 destroying them ; given her him 
 
 ga^kl. Bo" wede yak"" 6pxa tlibagwan wo6k'P Mlk'^a 
 
 for. To-day, not Wildcat his elder his pancreas if he had Panther, for 
 
 brother gone for it, his part, 
 
 bo" loh6^ Mi' he^del61ek!i^n' plaldk'wa gehi deVinit' 
 
 today he would Now I have finished it myth, just going so far 
 
 be dead. there 
 
 gi'^k yok !oyd,^n. 
 
 I, for my part, I know it. 
 
 Translation. 
 
 A house there was, Panther and his younger brother Wild- 
 cat. Every day he went out hunting, the deer he killed ofE. 
 Then, 'tis said, a long time elapsed; he had caused the deer to 
 disappear. The deer were talking among themselves, "Panther 
 has killed us off. ' ' A certain deer-girl they sent there to Panther. 
 Panther married the deer-girl. When he had married that deer- 
 girl, then he found no more deer. Then he went out htmting 
 again, but did not kill any. Again, when it was dawn, he went 
 out hunting; in the evening he returned, retiimed empty- 
 handed. Even though he went about everywhere in the moun- 
 tains, he found no deer. Then did he become tired, ret\imed 
 again in the evening, returned empty-handed. To talk among 
 themselves did the deer assemble in a certain house; in a 
 mountain cave, therein did they assemble. Then, 'tis said, 
 he was dying of hunger; a long time had elapsed and he had 
 not killed any. Formerly so many deer had he killed that 
 the house was full of dried venison. Now he and his younger 
 brother consumed no dried venison in the house. Then, 'tis 
 said, he went out hunting again ; every day he went out hunting, 
 but returned empty-handed. 
 
 Now this wife of his, for her part, used to go for firewood. 
 
 ' The -k'wa- implies that the deer were then conceived of as persons. 
 2 Lit., " I have put it off in front." 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 51 
 
 And she was wont to bring firewood covered with moss. Then, 
 whenever the morrow came early in the morning, the firewood 
 no longer was covered with moss. He went out hunting, but 
 empty-handed he returned. How long did he not keep return- 
 ing empty-handed? Then, 'tis said, when the evening came, 
 the woman cut o£E her own flesh from her legs. Then Panther, 
 for his part, returned in the evening, full of hunger. "Where 
 have the deer all gone?" (said Panther). The woman did not 
 speak. Now then, 'tis said, she roasted her own flesh as venison. 
 Then Panther returned in the evening. "Because of hunger I 
 nearly did not arrive home," he said. Then the woman took 
 the food and placed the venison down on the grotmd in front of 
 him. Then he ate the fresh venison. He knew that this ven- 
 ison had all been consumed in the house, but now when he 
 returns, there is fresh venison. Then he ate it; Panther kept 
 thinking about it. "Where did she get it from?" said Panther, 
 as he thought about it. Then, when it was dawn, he went out 
 hunting again. Then again he returned erapty-handed in the 
 evening. How long did he not keep returning empty-handed? 
 Then, 'tis said, that evening, as he thought about it, he said to 
 himself, "Well, where did she get it from?" 
 
 Then night came on. And then he slept, also his wife 
 did sleep. Then, as the morning twilight came, Panther, 
 for his part, did not sleep, but kept thinking, "Whence, now, 
 did she get this venison?" Then the woman arose at the time 
 when she was wont to bring firewood, covered with moss. 
 Now the woman arose, and Panther was not sleeping; but his 
 wife, "Panther must be sleeping," said the woman. She 
 arose, ate the moss. Right here he saw her hams cut away, 
 from her own legs had she cut off venison; as food, it turned 
 out, did she give him her own flesh. Moss she ate, and that 
 indeed was why it always happened that there was no moss on 
 the firewood. Then, 'tis said, she ate the moss as she stood 
 by the firewood. Now he saw her and seized his arrow. Now 
 he shot at her, but missed her. And his wife jumped at her 
 husband, and as she jumped at her husband, she took away 
 
o2 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 from him his pancreas. Now she ran out with it in her hand, 
 her own husband she had deprived of his pancreas. Now away 
 did she run, having it in her hand. Then, 'tis said, yonder 
 where the deer were assembled together, just there did she 
 bring it. 
 
 Then, every time it dawned, then every day shinny-ball 
 was played with it. Now the deer played ball; Panther's pan- 
 creas, therewith did they play shinny-ball. Every day, as 
 they shouted, "Ha+! That is Panther's pancreas!" a certain 
 fast runner rushed out. "Catch up with him, one-homed deer! 
 Ha-i-! Catch up with him, catch up with him!" they used 
 to say to each other. Then, as night came on, a fawn, a medi- 
 cine-woman that one, danced, but ofE yonder Panther now 
 was about to lose his spirit, for of his pancreas he had been 
 deprived. Then Wildcat now did take various people. "Do 
 you all come back with my elder brother's pancreas," said 
 Wildcat. Then one person after another went there in the 
 night, but this medicine- woman danced, discovered them all. 
 She sang, tis said: 
 
 Wdyawene Ld'Vana, wayawene L6"wana, wayawene Lo^wana. 
 
 Who goes about right over there, who goes about right over 
 
 there, who goes about right over there? 
 
 Then it dawned and to Panther she ran, but Wildcat was 
 in the sweat-house. "Ugly-faced Wildcat, your elder brother, 
 'Crack bones!' says to you your elder brother," she kept saying. 
 Early in the morning there she ran to Panther. Then yonder 
 she always returned. And then with Panther's pancreas shinny- 
 ball they played. "That there is Panther's pancreas," (they 
 shouted) . Then a certain one took Panther 's pancreas. " Ba -H ! 
 Catch up with him, catch up with him, one-homed deer!" 
 they kept saying to one another. In that way they played 
 shinny-ball with Panther's pancreas. Then night used to come 
 on, and now again the fawn danced. What sort of people did 
 not Wildcat take? All the people he took, even the mouse he 
 took. All of them the medicine-woman discovered, no matter 
 
E. SAPIR TAKELMA TESTS. 53 
 
 what they did. Down in the smoke they came, but all of 
 those she discovered. A long time elapsed, the people had all 
 been tried, but no one returned with Panther's pancreas. 
 
 Then Wildcat said, "Now I in my turn!" Then off he 
 went. Now there he arrived, there where they were playing 
 shinny-ball. Then he daubed moss all over himself, his hands 
 he bedaubed. Wherever the pancreas fell as it was thrown 
 from side to side, right there he held out his hand palm up. 
 Now the deer said, "Ba+ ! That there is Panther's pancreas," 
 shouting. Then right into his hand was it thrown. Off he 
 scampered with it, ran with it now in his hand, ran off with his 
 elder brother's pancreas in his hand. " Ba+ ! Catch up with 
 him, catch up with him, one-homed deer! Catch up with 
 him, catch up with him!" Now as he was tired he climbed 
 up a tree, and then on all sides was he surrounded. Now then 
 it was dug under with their own horns. "Now in my own trail 
 shall you fall ahead," said Wildcat (to the tree). The tree 
 was made to fall by being uprooted, it was dug up, but he was 
 sitting up above. Down in his trail it fell, it had been made 
 to fall by uprooting. Far off he just lightly bounded, and away 
 he leaped. "Ba4-1 Catch up with him, catch up with him, 
 one-homed deer!" How long did he not run with it in his 
 hand? Now night was about to come, evening it became, 
 and again he climbed up a tree, for he was tired. Always 
 he rested whenever he was tired. And not again was the tree 
 made to fall by being uprooted. Then all did sleep; now he 
 was surrounded on all sides, while Wildcat was up above. 
 Now it was about to dawn, and moss he daubed all over himself. 
 Then down he went back; down on the horns of one he came 
 down, again on another one he jumped, continued on his way, 
 again on another one he jumped. Then just as he came to the 
 last one, he touched him, now as he was running along with 
 (the pancreas). Then all awoke. "Ba-i-! Catch up with 
 him, catch up with him, one-homed deer! Catch up with him!" 
 That one, it seemed, was their runner. 
 
 Now his elder brother lay belly up. Now he was about to 
 
54 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 die, for he had no pancreas, his wife having taking it from him; 
 therewith shinny-ball had been played. Now then (Wild- 
 cat) arrived at home; his elder brother's pancreas he threw 
 within his ribs. Then he, for his part, did run into the sweat- 
 house, and Coyote there turned out to be in the sweat-house. 
 Then now, 'tis said, the deer, for their part, did arrive. Now 
 Panther revived, then shot at the big ones. And Wildcat, 
 for his part, shot at the fawns; he and Coyote, for their part, 
 did shoot at the fawns, but that Panther yonder shot at the 
 big deer. Now the deer had returned upon the land 
 
 Just so far do I, for my part, know. Now this day the land 
 has become full of deer; at that time the deer ceased to be, 
 but nowadays the deer have become many. Then the deer 
 all hid themselves, for Panther was destroying them; for that 
 reason was the girl given to him, in order to kill him. Had 
 not Wildcat gone to get his elder brother's pancreas. Panther, 
 for his part, would be dead today. Now I have finished this 
 story; proceeding just so far do I, for my part, know. 
 
 4. Panther and Coyote. 
 Wili' yow5^ hulk' waxadil waxa ^^ak"' 
 
 Their house it was Panther he and his his younger Wildcat, 
 
 younger brother, brother 
 
 no"gadd,si^ sgisi nlxadil. Alhuyu'hix hulk' p!iyin gwala 
 
 but down below Coyote he and his He used to go Panther, deer many 
 
 from them mother. to hunt 
 
 t!om66mt'. Ganehi^ be^i^ cix t'.omom waxasi^ abki^ 
 
 he used to Then, it is every deer he killed but his in the 
 
 kill them. said, day them, younger brother house 
 
 xuma k!emnd,^s. Ganga ga na^nagd'^ dabalnlxa cix will 
 
 food maker. Only that he did, long time venison house 
 
 debii*^ waxasi^ yd,mx yaxa gayau dn? cix tsli'k'da 
 
 full; but his fat merely he ate it, not deer its flesh 
 
 younger brother 
 
 gayaik'. No"gada sgisi nlxadil ho^ k!el6i wlli'. 
 
 he used to Down below Coyote he and his fir its bark their 
 eat it. from them mother house. 
 
 Ganehi^ dabalnlxa la*le\ Ganehi^ gwiciwok'di 
 
 Then, it is said, longtime it became. Then, it is said, somewheres 
 
 or other 
 
 ' So heard for xo. 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 55 
 
 da^le^lagwdn 
 
 he was heard about 
 
 wd-iwi 
 
 xamrxa 
 
 byjthefsea 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is i_ girls 
 said, 
 
 Da^hi^aganin 
 
 He was heard about, 
 it is said, 
 
 gwent'gau ga^a 
 
 east of the that one, 
 land for his part 
 
 Ganehi^ yut !tin 
 
 Then, it is white 
 
 ga'p^ini 
 
 two 
 
 da^yana^ hulk' s'ix he^ileme%'. 
 
 chief Panther, deer he destroyed them. 
 
 s'em alt'gu'^s" t'awaxadil yd,^. 
 
 ducks white she and her they 
 
 younger sister went. 
 
 will' sgisi hulksi' 
 
 his Coyote ; but 
 
 house 
 
 said, 
 
 Sgisi 
 
 Coyote 
 
 naga"^ 
 
 he did ; 
 
 ducks 
 
 ga^kl. Gane 
 
 gana'^nex 
 
 thus 
 
 there 
 
 Panther 
 
 da^'^agkn. 
 
 they heard 
 of them. 
 
 wok'ia"^' 
 
 they 
 arrived 
 
 Sgisi me^dkt' dit'gau 
 
 Coyote on this west of 
 
 side the land 
 
 ge will' neye^hi^ 
 
 there his they said, 
 
 house it is said; 
 
 ?va-iwi' ga'p4ni t'awaxadil 
 
 girls two she and her 
 
 younger sister 
 
 plebexa^ sgisi. Ganehi^ mi' liwd" 
 
 at. Then he peeled bark Coyote. Then, it is said, now looking 
 
 wa-iwi' d-Q ga'plini baxd^m. ^a! gwidi na^nagait'e^? 
 
 girls pretty two they come. "'A! How ami going to do?" 
 
 T'gwa he^lamd^ nak'i t'gwa he^lamd,^ klem^n. Wihin 
 
 ''Thunder its board, '^ say to it! thunder its board make it!" "My mother 
 
 naga-ihi^ sgisi. S'elek"' 
 
 he said. Coyote. "Acorn 
 
 it is said, pestle 
 
 wihin nagd,'^ T'gwa he^lama* wihin wili' 
 
 he said. "Thunder its board my house 
 
 mother 
 
 du"gwi' 
 
 her skirt 
 
 ohop' 
 
 ohdp'- 
 shells' 
 
 ilu'pxagwank' 
 
 she shall pound 
 having it in her hands 
 
 ■ say to it! thunder 
 
 didu"gwknk' 
 
 she shall wear it," 
 
 my 
 mother,' 
 
 ganku cu'^alt'a^ 
 
 she shall sit 
 
 Gane wa-iwi' 
 
 Then girls 
 
 naga-ihi^. 
 
 he said, it is said. 
 
 s"as" nagk'^. Gwidi 
 
 coming to they did. "Where 
 
 witf. Mi^ 
 
 his Now 
 house?" 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now they nudged 
 each other, 
 
 wasl^. 
 
 yamaddn 
 
 he was asked 
 
 ga'p !ini 
 
 two 
 
 a stand 
 
 Sgisi sendi wili'. 
 
 Coyote Panther 
 
 se^ndi* 
 
 Panther 
 
 igoy6"^xa^n 
 
 sgisi 
 
 Coyote 
 
 indeed.' 
 
 wa-iwi 
 
 girl 
 
 Mahdit'a 
 
 The elder 
 
 klwalt'a 
 
 younger one 
 
 anr 
 
 "Not 
 
 SglSl 
 
 Coyote, 
 
 Wa-iwi't'an 
 
 "Girls, 
 
 ida^li 
 
 right there 
 
 wilit'k%. 
 
 my house." 
 
 Gi' s6®ndi^a eit'e^. 
 
 his "I Panther, I am." 
 house. for my part, 
 
 t'opxa iguy\i^k' dal6"F 
 
 her elder she nudged "He lies,' 
 sister her : 
 
 se^ndi nag^-ihi^ 
 
 Panther," she said, it 
 is said. 
 
 Ganehi* 
 
 Then, it is 
 
 ga 
 
 that 
 
 B a^de^y ewey kk ' 
 
 They continued on 
 their way. 
 
 said. 
 
 ' Properly speaking, this form is impersonal. An expressed subject, as here 
 t'awaaxadil, more correctly requires the form wo^k' . 
 
 ^"Thunder's board" is the Takelma term for "lumber." 
 
 ' These shell ornaments are described as half black and bean-like in shape. 
 
 * A myth name of Panther. 
 
 'Lit., "mouth-plays." 
 
56 
 
 ANTHEOPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 aba-igini%' xilamank 
 
 they came to they, 
 
 the house 
 
 GanehP p !ayuw6^ 
 
 Then, it is they sat down 
 said, 
 
 se*ndi will' mi' yamaddn 
 
 Panther his house?" now she was asked 
 
 selek"' ilobdxak'^ 
 
 acorn 
 pestle 
 
 xilamank alxali 
 
 they 
 
 she was pounding 
 with it in her hand 
 
 SglSl 
 Coyote 
 
 they were 
 seated 
 
 not 
 
 dabalnixa. 
 
 long. 
 
 mologuldp'a 
 
 old woman, 
 
 SglSl 
 Coyote 
 
 nixa. 
 
 his 
 mother. 
 
 Gwidi 
 
 "Where 
 
 nixa. 
 
 his 
 mother. 
 
 hinwadk 
 
 towards up 
 stream 
 
 there 
 
 will' 
 
 his house,' 
 
 bo" 
 
 just 
 now. 
 
 s6^ndi 
 
 Panther 
 
 Gwent'gaQ. 
 
 "East side of 
 the land 
 
 Ma^a nagd,sbinda^ 
 
 "You, for though I said 
 your part, to you 
 
 naga t'6pxa. Ganehi^ ba-iyew6'^ 
 
 she said her elder Then, it is they went 
 to her sister. said, out again. 
 
 Ganehi^ dabalnixa la4e^ 
 
 Then, it is said, long time it became, 
 
 gwidi way^n' kiwalt'a* 
 
 where your daughter- the younger 
 in-law one ? 
 
 K'di 
 
 "What 
 
 mologola'p'a. 
 
 old woman. 
 
 nagait' 
 
 you said, 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 hanhogwkl? 
 
 holed through?" 
 
 nagd.-ihi^ 
 
 she said, 
 it is said, 
 
 sglsi nagdsbi^n 
 
 Coyote I said to 
 
 you," 
 
 yd^ baMeyeweykk"'. 
 
 they they started again 
 went on their journey. 
 
 mi' yew6'^ sgisi. Hinde 
 
 now he returned Coyote. "Mother! 
 
 andi k'ai dak'daMa wili 
 
 Not any over her house 
 (inter.) head 
 
 nagait'? Waydn' kiwdlt'a* dak'daMa 
 
 did you "Your daughter- the younger 
 
 dndi^ wili 
 
 not house 
 (inter.) 
 
 60"% wa-iwi't'an 
 
 say.' 
 
 hdnhogwkl? 
 
 holed through?" 
 
 in-law 
 
 Geme^di gi' waydtixagwat' 
 
 "How I having daughter- 
 
 in-law 
 
 Just now, 
 indeed, 
 
 nagd-ihi^ 
 
 she said, 
 it is said, 
 
 abaigini%' 
 
 he went into 
 the house, 
 
 he^bili"^- 
 
 he ran off. 
 
 girls 
 
 aba-inagd,'^ 
 
 they were in 
 the house ; 
 
 s6^di 
 
 Panther 
 
 wdMa 
 
 to him 
 
 over her 
 head 
 
 yiik'a^? 
 
 do I come 
 to be? 
 
 ginigiyd,'^* 
 
 they have 
 gone," 
 
 ga 
 
 that 
 
 se*ndi 
 
 Panther 
 
 wd^da. 
 
 to him. 
 
 nagd'^ Sk'd' nagait'? Mi' 
 
 she said. "What did you Now 
 
 say?" 
 
 tlomom nixa. Ganehi^ ba-iyew^'^ mi' 
 
 he killed his Then, it is he went out now 
 
 her mother. said, again, 
 
 ho^' mi' swaddk'. Mi' + 'his aba-iwok' 
 
 he ran, now he pursued Now very they arrived in 
 them. nearly the house 
 
 Mi' tlos-d" ha'p'da altlaykk' mi' 
 
 Now slightly a, little he discovered now 
 
 them, 
 
 mologuldp'a 
 
 old woman 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 'This form also is impersonal, though the logical reference is to wa-iwliVan, 
 "girls." 
 
 2 Coyote is now greatly excited, hence uses the meaningless but characteristic 
 "coyote prefix" J-. 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 57 
 
 wiyimkt' 
 
 he exercised his 
 
 supernatural power 
 
 upon them 
 
 lane\ Mi' 
 
 they became. Now 
 
 wa-iwi' ga'pHni. Wo"na'k"^' nagd.-ihi^ wo"na'k" 
 
 girls 
 
 two. 
 
 ■Old!" 
 
 he said, it 
 is said; 
 
 old 
 
 mologola'p'a 
 
 old women 
 
 s6®ndi 
 
 Panther 
 
 ga'p^ini 
 
 two 
 
 wd.^'da aba-iwok'ia"^ yak"' s'i^uli 
 
 to him as they arrived Wildcat he was 
 
 in the house, sitting; 
 
 hulk' wd^da yubf 
 
 Panther to him, their 
 
 basket-caps 
 
 desgwdgwent' yel^xda desgwogwfent' mologola'p'agan yu'klalx 
 
 worn out, old women teeth 
 
 aba-iwok' 
 
 they arrived 
 in the house 
 
 worn out, 
 
 their burden 
 baskets 
 
 wak'P 
 
 without. 
 
 Hulk' 
 
 Panther 
 
 mologola'p'a 
 
 old women 
 
 ga'p^ni 
 
 two 
 
 t'awaxadil 
 
 she and her 
 younger sister 
 
 bem 
 
 sticks 
 
 ik Iwenehi. 
 
 they held them 
 in their hands. 
 
 dn? k'ki alhuyflxk'. 
 
 not any; he was out 
 hunting. 
 
 dah6"xa la^le\ 
 
 evening it became. 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 Mi'hi^ 
 
 Now, it 
 is said, 
 
 yak'^ 
 
 Wildcat, 
 
 Mi' 
 Now 
 
 CIX 
 
 venison 
 
 gane 
 
 "Now 
 
 opxa 
 
 his elder 
 brother 
 
 6k'i 
 
 give 
 them,'' 
 
 wik lasihan 
 
 my maternal 
 grandmothers 
 
 gwenhegwe^hagwanhi. 
 
 he related it to him. 
 
 me^ok' 
 
 they have 
 arrived here," 
 
 Klulsdt'a^ 
 
 " Soft (food) 
 
 ligik'^ 
 
 he brought 
 it home 
 
 naga-ihi^ 
 
 he said, 
 it is said, 
 
 6k'i 
 
 give them. 
 
 hulk'. 
 
 Panther. 
 
 yak''" 
 
 Wildcat, 
 
 plan 
 
 liver 
 
 nagd,'^ 
 
 he said 
 
 se°nda. 
 
 Panther. 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 said, 
 
 hono^ 
 
 again 
 
 plan 
 
 liver 
 
 hulk' 
 
 Panther, 
 
 w6*gia-uda^ alhuyu'hi'x 
 
 when it was he was wont to 
 
 dawn, go out hunting 
 
 daFwi^ pliydx ligik"'. Klasi'^t' ok'i k!uls£t'a^ 
 
 sometimes fawn he brought "Your give it to soft (food)," 
 it home. maternal them 
 grandmothers 
 
 waxa gasi^ plan ogd^ak'i. r^ansViie nm^is 
 
 his younger and that liver he used to 
 
 brother ; 
 
 Ganehi* mi' 
 
 Then, it is now 
 said, 
 
 t'u yank'"" 
 
 they took 
 with them. 
 
 give to them. said, 
 
 lobolkp' mologola'p'ak!an. 
 
 they kept 
 
 ogo^ak'i. Ganehi^ 
 
 he always Then, it is 
 gave to them. said, 
 
 beVi^ alhuyu'hix 
 
 every day he was wont to 
 go out hunting ; 
 
 nagdnhahi^ 
 
 he used to say 
 lem to him, 
 
 it is said, 
 
 Ganehi^ gwi^ne la*le\ 
 
 Then, it is long time it became. 
 
 hot 
 
 yana 
 
 acorns 
 
 pounding "them 
 
 k !a%vdnxa^ yana 
 
 they sifted in acorns 
 basket-pan. 
 
 old women. 
 
 kla^vknt'. 
 
 they sifted them 
 in basket-pan. 
 
 Ganehi^ xi 
 
 Then, it is water 
 said, 
 
 Gane xi t'u 
 
 Then water hot 
 
 'This "wish" is preceded by a whiff of air blown by Coyote. 
 'Lit., "wormy." Cf. kluls, "worm." 
 
58 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 di'^i'uda p!a-it'gwili'^x. Mi' ^'"IZtlr nag^^. Mi' t'awa mi' 
 
 on top of it dropped down. Now she did. Now "O younger Now 
 
 her hand 
 
 alxi'^k' a+ mxd6k' alfgli'^s' la4e\ Ne« 
 
 see! Oh, my hand white it has 
 
 mah^it'a ga 
 
 the elder one that 
 
 na^nagd'^. 
 
 she did. 
 
 Well, 
 become. 
 
 Mi' xambili"^ 
 
 Now she jumped 
 
 sister! 
 
 plagait'e^ nagd-ihi^ 
 
 I'll bathe," she said, 
 
 hany^^hi 
 
 just on the 
 other side 
 
 Ganehi^ o+ hople^n 
 
 Then, it is oh! long before 
 said, 
 
 han. Ma^vi^ p!ak' 
 
 on the "You too bathe!" 
 other side. 
 
 haxiyk k!wd,lt'a. 
 
 in the the younger 
 
 water one. 
 
 Mi' gaMfii 
 
 Now being in the 
 same way 
 
 ya^da^ ganathi 
 
 when they being in the 
 went same way 
 
 Ganahan me^al yewe'^. 
 
 Being as on this side they 
 before (of river) returned 
 
 wa-iwi du^u\ Gane 
 
 girls pretty. Then 
 
 into the water, 
 
 hene nd,t'na^ gankt' 
 
 then as being, being in 
 
 that way 
 
 nagdhi^ t'awaxa. Mi' 
 
 she said to her younger Now 
 her, it is said, sister. 
 
 Ganehi^ mi' hd,nva almi'^ 
 
 y^* 
 
 just 
 
 hono^ 
 
 also 
 
 Then, it is n 
 said, 
 
 la*le^ hop !e^n 
 
 they long ago 
 
 became. 
 
 hd,nya 
 
 7 just 
 
 across 
 
 se^nda 
 
 Panther 
 
 la^e^ 
 
 they 
 became 
 
 wa-iwi't'an 
 
 girls 
 
 together 
 
 w^*da 
 
 to him 
 
 du 
 
 pretty 
 
 Gane yana ba-ihemek' 
 
 Then acorns they took 
 them out. 
 
 klasi'^t' 
 
 your maternal 
 grandmothers 
 
 me^ginigik' 
 
 here we came, 
 
 yeweyik' 
 
 we return," 
 
 la'ula-usam 
 
 he's been calling 
 
 yene' 
 
 acorns 
 
 hop le^nh, 
 
 long ago, 
 however, 
 
 s"om6t'. 
 
 they cooked 
 them. 
 
 obi'sf 
 
 your elder 
 brother 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 it is said, 
 
 ban' 6^. 
 
 she 
 emerged. 
 
 baH'e^ 
 
 she 
 emerged 
 
 p laga"^ 
 
 she 
 bathed 
 
 baH'e^. 
 
 they 
 emerged. 
 
 du hen^e 
 
 pretty then 
 
 t'awaxadil. 
 
 she and her 
 younger sister. 
 
 aba-iyewe'^ 
 
 they returned 
 into the house 
 
 yaklwa' 
 
 "O Wildcat, 
 
 yoguyk^ 
 
 to marry 
 him 
 
 gas'i^ 
 
 but that 
 
 SglSl 
 Coyote 
 
 wiyimd.sam. 
 
 he 'poisoned' us. 
 
 Gane ya^nik' 
 
 Now we are 
 
 going away. 
 
 ga^al 
 
 for 
 
 no" 
 
 down 
 river 
 
 nag^-ihi^ 
 
 they said, 
 it is said. 
 
 wa-iwft'an. 
 
 girls. 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 ya^iyd"^ 
 
 they are gone 
 away 
 
 hulk's-i^ 
 
 but Panther 
 
 d,n? 
 
 not 
 
 k'ai 
 
 any; 
 
 alhuyux 
 
 he was out 
 hunting. 
 
 ^ = gandi' hi; cf. gdhi, "the same." 
 
 2 So heard for yana. The first a is palatalized to c by the preceding y; the second 
 a is made to correspond to it, owing to the feeling that Takelma has for repeated 
 vowels in dissyllabic stems. 
 
 ''^=ya<^k'vo-^il. 
 
 ' So heard for yogwih. 
 
E. SAPIK TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 59 
 
 gwelVak'wihi alhuyu'hi'x. 
 
 early in the morn- he used to go 
 
 ing, indeed, to hunt. 
 
 dn? k'ai mi. Gane 
 
 not any now. Then 
 
 obeya' + 
 
 elder 
 brother! 
 
 he shouted his elder "Elder 
 to him brother, brother. 
 
 guxde^ ya^ 
 
 your wives they have n 
 gone away 
 
 sgelewalt' 6pxa obiya glixde^ 
 
 "' ' your 
 
 wives 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 said, 
 
 yaklwa^ 
 
 Wildcat, 
 for his part 
 
 mi+ 
 
 wa-iwi't'an 
 
 girls 
 
 me^yfeu 
 
 come 
 back! 
 
 ba+* obiya 
 
 ba + ! elder 
 brother, 
 
 hulk' 6pxa 
 
 Panther; his elder 
 brother 
 
 du^u\ Klasi'^t' leVild-usi 
 
 pretty. 'Your maternal he has been' 
 grandmother calling me,' 
 
 dak'wili 
 
 on top of 
 the house 
 
 obeya' + . 
 
 3W, elder 
 
 brother!" 
 
 ya^ nagahi^ 
 
 they have he said to him, 
 gone," it is said, 
 
 gu'xde^ y^ nagd-ihi^. 
 
 Your they have he said, it 
 wives gone," 
 
 gwenhegw6hagwanhi 
 
 he related it to him. 
 
 gini^k. 
 
 he went. 
 
 mi' yd^ 
 
 now they 
 went, 
 
 He+ 
 
 ■'He + 
 
 Mi' 
 Now 
 
 sgeleF 
 
 he kept 
 shouting, 
 
 sgele^l o+ 
 
 he "O! 
 
 shouted. 
 
 Mi' yewe'« 
 
 Now he 
 
 returned 
 
 hagwanhi 
 
 it to him 
 
 tc !ulx 
 
 strings of 
 dentalia 
 
 ba^'di'k'dkk'. 
 
 he stood it up. 
 
 6pxa. 
 
 his elder 
 brother. 
 
 igi'na 
 
 he took 
 them. 
 
 Gane 
 
 "Now 
 
 Gane 
 
 "Now 
 
 waxa. 
 
 his younger 
 brother. 
 
 nagdhi^. 
 
 he said to him, 
 it is said. 
 
 Gane 
 
 Then 
 
 S-elek"' 
 
 ' 'Acorn 
 pestle 
 
 ba^dinfk' 
 
 he strung 
 them up, 
 
 aga 
 
 this 
 (string) 
 
 disgii'^xgi^ 
 
 if it falls down 
 
 neg^s'i. 
 
 they said 
 to me." 
 
 yant'e^ 
 
 I am 
 going," 
 
 wili 
 
 house 
 
 is said. 
 
 gwenhegwehdk"^ wa-iwi' 
 
 he told him about " Girls 
 
 them, 
 
 Gana^nfex gwenhegwe- 
 
 Thus he related 
 
 nagd,'^ 
 
 he said 
 
 hulk'. 
 
 Panther. 
 
 Gane 
 
 Then 
 
 hadinit !anhi 
 
 he strung them 
 out in it, 
 
 xa^sgo^sgr 
 
 if it breaks^ 
 asunder. 
 
 lohot'e" 
 
 I shall be 
 dead," 
 
 xa*k!6sgi^ 
 
 if it breaks. 
 
 (in) that 
 (case) 
 
 ga'' 
 
 (in) that 
 (case) 
 
 s'elek'^ 
 
 acorn 
 pestle 
 
 nagdhi^ 
 
 he said to him, 
 it is said, 
 
 lohdt'e* 
 
 I shall be 
 dead," 
 
 sm61a"^x 
 
 arrow 
 shafts 
 
 ba^ank"' 
 
 they picked 
 them up, 
 
 da^ts !a^dn 
 
 by the ocean 
 
 yd^ 
 
 he went 
 
 off, w 
 
 de^da sak"^ 
 
 in front he shot 
 of them them, 
 
 guxdagwa 
 
 his own 
 
 swadkk'. 
 
 he followed 
 ^es them. 
 
 wd.-iwi't'an an? 
 
 girls not 
 
 Gane 
 
 Then 
 
 mr 
 
 now 
 
 yo mi 
 
 he caught up 
 with them ; 
 
 smela"^x 
 
 arrow 
 shafts 
 
 yelexdagwan 
 
 their own burden 
 baskets 
 
 wok' hen^e 
 
 they then 
 arrived, 
 
 ganau 
 
 in 
 
 ya" 
 
 just 
 
 gwenliwila"^ 
 
 they looked 
 behind ; 
 
 matslkk'. Gane mi' 
 
 they put Then now 
 
 them. 
 
 wa^himit' t li't'gwan. Gane 
 
 they talked their own Then 
 
 to him husband. 
 
 ' Pronounced in a loud whisper. 
 
 2 Lit., " if it 'cuts' (intr.) apart, if it parts.' 
 
60 
 ei 
 
 canoe 
 
 wede 
 
 not 
 
 Wede 
 
 "Not 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PDB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 waMa 
 
 to him 
 
 there 
 
 sa^gwdn 
 
 it was 
 paddled. 
 
 li'wkt' nagd'^ 
 
 look," they said 
 
 Ei gada ^Is'i^ k'd,i gwala ne^duk'i^ 
 
 'Canoe along- even things many if they say, 
 
 side of 
 
 wa-iwi't'an 
 
 girls. 
 
 tli't'gwan 
 
 their husband 
 
 ga nagk. 
 
 that they said 
 to him. 
 
 ge 
 
 there 
 
 haxiyd li'wk.t' 
 
 in the look 
 
 water 
 
 li'wkt'. Gane 
 
 look." Then 
 
 even 
 though 
 
 k'ai 
 
 things 
 
 hansa^gwd,n. 
 
 he was paddled 
 across. 
 
 gwala naxbiyauk'i^ 
 
 many if they should 
 
 say to you, 
 
 Gane k'^i gwala 
 
 Then things many 
 
 wede 
 
 not 
 
 nagkn 
 
 he was 
 said to 
 
 hulk' alk!ok!6k' gwind-t'na^ ga 
 
 Panther, ugly-faced; in what way that 
 
 gwala naganhi^. 
 
 many he was said to, 
 it is said. 
 
 Oloms'i^ 
 
 Though 
 before 
 
 g-Qxda 
 
 his wives 
 
 ga 
 
 that 
 
 nagaik'wa^ mi' 
 
 they had said now 
 to him, 
 
 p!a-ilia-u«t'gia"px.' 
 
 it upset. 
 
 sdldi k'^i 
 
 all things 
 being 
 
 nagaik'wa^ wede haxiyd 
 
 they had said "Not in the 
 
 to him, water 
 
 ts' lini'ts' !anx haxiyk liwild"^ 
 
 he became angry, in the he looked. 
 
 water 
 
 Mi' mulii"k!an Mlun 
 
 Now he was sea monster 
 
 swallowed. 
 
 li'wkt', 
 
 look!" 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 61 
 canoe 
 
 intilu"^'wa 
 
 he swallowed 
 him. 
 
 guxdas'i^ 
 
 but his wives 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 ba-iw6k'. 
 
 they arrived 
 to shore. 
 
 yap!a 
 
 people 
 
 aldi 
 
 all 
 
 iginan 
 
 they were 
 taken 
 
 ya^'lgd^s. 
 
 divers. 
 
 Yalgdmt' 
 
 " Dive for 
 him!" 
 
 nagdn. 
 
 they were 
 said to. 
 
 K'adi naga 
 
 What indeed 
 (kind) 
 
 d,n? nek 
 
 not anyone 
 
 ^an? igi'nan is'i^ yalagdmdan ba^ydH'ekl^^lhixiya"* 
 
 not 
 
 it was 
 taken ? 
 
 gwelgini%' 
 
 he reached 
 bottom 
 
 When- he was dived 
 ever for, 
 
 hagwelxiyk. 
 
 at the bottom 
 of the water. 
 
 they always just floated up, 
 
 K'ai 
 
 Beings 
 
 gwala 
 
 many 
 
 igi'nan 
 
 they were 
 taken, 
 
 yap!a 
 
 people 
 
 Mi'si^ 
 
 But now 
 
 dn? 
 
 not 
 
 nek 
 
 anyone 
 
 yald^k'da^ 
 
 that they 
 dived, 
 
 k'a-ila'p'a 
 
 gwelginl^k' 
 
 he reached 
 bottom, 
 
 dn? hagwelxid 
 
 not at the bottom 
 of the water 
 
 s'ink'w6k Iwd'' 
 
 Mud-cat 
 
 ba^^n'ekl^lhixiya''^ 
 
 they always just floated up ; 
 
 although 
 
 ^is'i^ 
 
 whenever 
 
 wok' ba^d»t'ek!61hix. 
 
 they they always just 
 
 arrived, floated up. 
 
 kloloi ha'p'di lal. Gi' 
 
 basket small she was " I 
 
 twining it. 
 
 "Lit., " (scooped-out object) set (itself) down under." 
 on a hat," lit., " I set (scooped-out object) on top." 
 
 Cf. dakt'gH^ba^n, " I put 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 61 
 
 yaxa' 
 
 indeed 
 
 '^ wa^alna^nd^n' 
 
 I can get close 
 to him," 
 
 nagd'^ 
 
 he said, 
 
 nagd-ihi^. 
 
 she said, 
 it is said. 
 
 that 
 
 ^alnan nagd'^ k'a-ila'p'a 
 
 she can get 
 close to him!' 
 
 yeld^'k'da^* d,n? wana eme^ 
 
 although not even here 
 
 they dived, 
 
 yeld,*k'da^* sgisi ga naga'^ 
 
 although Coyote that he said, 
 
 they dived," 
 
 he^alna°TLd,^n* kloloi ha'p'di 
 
 I can go ofE and basket small 
 
 get close to him," 
 
 ^alna^kt'. A'n? k'ai 
 
 Gane 
 
 Then 
 
 nagk. 
 
 he said 
 to her. 
 
 neida^ ^ 
 
 that they 
 did," 
 
 k'aila'p' 
 
 woman 
 
 SglSl 
 Coyote, 
 
 Aga 
 
 "These 
 
 nagd'^ 
 
 he said. 
 
 "She 
 
 gandt' 
 
 so many' 
 
 yap!a 
 
 'people 
 
 la*mkl. 
 
 he quarreled 
 
 Gi' 
 
 "I 
 
 yaxa 
 
 indeed 
 
 yap!a 
 
 people 
 
 ganat' 
 
 so many 
 
 yaxd 
 
 indeed 
 
 ■with her. 
 
 you can get Not 
 
 close to him!" 
 
 lal. 
 
 she 
 twined it. 
 
 yaU^k' 
 
 they had 
 dived, 
 
 dakt'gli"bamt' 
 
 she covered it over, 
 
 Yapla 
 
 People 
 
 gasi^ 
 
 but that 
 one 
 
 any- 
 thing 
 
 h.en6^n 
 
 they were 
 used up, 
 
 a'k'da^xi 
 
 she alone 
 
 nagd.'^ 
 
 she said, 
 
 not 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 said, 
 
 haxiyk 
 
 in the 
 water ; 
 
 yaU%'. 
 
 she dived. 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 "But 
 now 
 
 XAmgini^k' 
 
 she went into 
 the water, 
 
 a'ksi^ yald^k 
 
 she too she dived, 
 
 a'k'da^xi 
 
 she alone 
 
 heye^x. 
 
 she was 
 left over. 
 
 masi^ 
 
 you 
 indeed, 
 
 dexiya 
 
 in front of 
 the water 
 
 yap!a 
 
 people 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 wa;la°'laulii. 
 
 she kept twining 
 it while (talking) . 
 
 dn? dak'da^hal 
 
 she answered 
 him, 
 
 heye^x. 
 
 she was 
 left over. 
 
 Mi'hi^ 
 
 Now, 
 it is said, 
 
 alna^na^n naga-idd^ 
 
 'I can get 
 close to it,' 
 
 xamwili"^. 
 
 Cma 
 
 "You 
 
 k !oloi 
 
 basket 
 
 yapla 
 
 people 
 
 datlabak' 
 
 she finished it 
 
 yaxa 
 
 indeed 
 
 ha'p'di 
 
 small 
 
 aldri 
 
 all 
 
 k loloi 
 
 basket. 
 
 she proceeded 
 into the water. 
 
 smce you 
 said," 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 bus- 
 
 gone 
 
 la4e^ 
 
 they had 
 become ; 
 
 aks'i^ 
 
 she too 
 
 naganhi^. 
 
 she was said 
 to, it is said. 
 
 xamgini^' 
 
 she went into 
 the water 
 
 bo" gan° 
 
 now then 
 
 hinau 
 
 up river 
 
 tc !olx 
 
 (string of) 
 dentalia 
 
 sgo"s' 
 
 it parted 
 
 hulk' 
 
 Panther 
 
 will' 
 
 his 
 house 
 
 ganku tilurQ 
 
 in, formerly 
 
 ' Potential causative of nagai- : na- with prefixes wa^ , "together," or he^ , "away," 
 and al-. 
 
 2 Coyote speaks with contemptuous irony, hence the " coyote prefix " s-. 
 
 'Lit., " this being or acting." The verb stem na-, of rather indefinite meaning, 
 is often used to signify "to be many." 
 
 •So heard for yald^k' da'^ . 
 
 ' Subordinate form of neey^^ , instead of the regularly formed neyMa^ ; neey^^ is 
 the aorist impersonal of the verb nagai-. -na-. 
 
 ' Probably for gani. 
 
 'It is worthy of note that the verb sgd^d-: sgd^t!- is a second class intransitive 
 with -X suffix when a single spontaneous cut or break is referred to, but a first class 
 intransitive when the activity is repeated. Hence 3rd per. aorist sgd^s {= *sg6'^d-x) 
 but sgoi/dsga't' (with the ^ characteristic of first class intransitives) , not *sgot!dsgas, 
 as might perhaps have been expected. 
 
G2 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 hen^h aba-iba'^dinik !ana^ Mi' sgot!6sga«t'» t'elma disguyu'^ 
 
 then he having stretched it Now it parted in acorn it dropped 
 
 aloft in the house. several places; 
 
 xa'klot'klks. Mi' 
 
 it broke to pieces. Now 
 
 d^k'wili' gini^k'. 
 
 on top of he went, 
 the house 
 
 yak'^ 
 
 Wildcat 
 
 6pxa 
 
 his elder 
 brother 
 
 luhii'l 
 
 he had 
 died. 
 
 pestle 
 
 Mi'hi^ 
 
 Now, it 
 is said, 
 
 down, 
 
 t'agd'^ 
 
 he cried, 
 
 ^2 
 
 Ha-i 0-be-ya' ha-i o-be-ya' ha-i o-be-ya' 6-be-ya 6-be-ya 6-be-va' 
 
 'Alas, 
 
 O elder 
 brother! 
 
 Alas, 
 
 O elder 
 
 brother ! 
 
 Alas, 
 
 O elder 
 brother ! 
 
 O elder 
 brother! 
 
 O elder 
 brother! 
 
 O elder 
 brother!" 
 
 p!a-ik!iyi^k' 
 
 he fell down 
 
 hono^ 
 
 again 
 
 dak'wili'dkt'. Gane 
 
 from on top of Then 
 
 the house. 
 
 hagwa^'ld.m 
 
 in the road 
 
 ^a?yow6^ 
 
 he looked. 
 
 honohi^ 
 
 again, it 
 is said. 
 
 ba'yewe'^ dak'wili 
 
 he went up on top of 
 again the house, 
 
 S S 4 S 
 
 Ha-i o-be-ya' ha-i o-be-ya' ha-i o-be-ya' 6-be-ya 6-be-ya 6-be-ya 
 
 "Alas, O elder Alas, O elder Alas, 
 
 O elder 
 brother! 
 
 O elder 
 brother! 
 
 O elder 
 brother! 
 
 O elder 
 brother I 
 
 O elder 
 brother! 
 
 O elder 
 brother!" 
 
 T'gll^ naga^M^k'i^ p!a-ik!iyi'^k'. 
 
 Dropping he always did, he fell down, 
 down it is said. 
 
 t'agd-ida^' 
 
 as he cried. 
 
 Ganehi^ aba-iyewe'^. 
 
 Then, it is he returned in 
 said, the house. 
 
 Gane winit' la^e' hu"lint 
 
 Then exhausted he he was 
 
 became, tired out 
 
 Gane p!i' yogwd* 
 
 Then fire its place 
 
 dn? 
 
 not 
 
 d.n? 
 
 not 
 
 hono^ 
 
 again 
 
 hono^ 
 
 again 
 
 p!i 
 
 fire 
 
 gWl 
 anywhere 
 
 dat !agai. 
 
 he built a 
 fire. 
 
 gini^k' 
 
 he went, 
 
 dn? 
 
 not 
 
 Gane 
 
 Then 
 
 hono^ 
 
 again 
 
 ganau 
 
 therein 
 
 ha^iholdhal 
 
 he dug into it, 
 
 putting ashes 
 
 aside ; 
 
 de^igenep'gwa ' 
 
 he lay curled up 
 dog-fashion. 
 
 t'agd'^ 
 
 he cried. 
 
 ' See note 7, p. 61. 
 
 'The last syllable of each obiydi starts at the high pitch of the preceding syllables 
 but falls during its duration gradually to a low pitch. The pitch of each dbiya is 
 higher than of the following, so that a low pitch is reached at the end of the lament. 
 These falls of pitch are evidently intended to produce a dolorous effect. 
 
 'de^igeneuk'wa was said to be a preferable form. 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 63 
 
 Gang 
 
 Now 
 
 they were 
 standing; 
 
 yewe'^- 
 
 she 
 returned. 
 
 nagd-ida^ 
 
 when she 
 said. 
 
 no" 
 
 down 
 river 
 
 alxi'gin 
 
 she was 
 seen 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 ye^bd^i. 
 
 let us, pray, 
 return. 
 
 k'a-ila'p'a 
 
 Mi' olom xamgini'k'da^ yap!a 
 
 Now before as she went into people 
 the water, 
 
 ha'p'di xAmginPk'. Gane d.n? 
 
 small she went into Then not 
 
 the water. 
 
 SglSl 
 Coyote 
 
 tc lini'tc !anx. 
 
 he was angry. 
 
 XAmhl 
 right into 
 the water. 
 
 la^le^ 
 
 she 
 became,' 
 
 k'a-ila'p'a ha'p'di. 
 
 woman small. 
 
 wok' 
 
 she 
 arrived ; 
 
 k !oloi 
 
 basket 
 
 yeweida^. 
 
 as she 
 returned. 
 
 niu''lapx 
 
 sweat-house 
 
 hulk' 
 
 Panther 
 
 nagd-ihi^ 
 
 he said, it 
 is said, 
 
 Gane hulun 
 
 Then sea- 
 monster 
 
 ySkla^' ba^k!ol51 
 
 his bones she gathered 
 them up, 
 
 Olom 
 
 "Before 
 
 SglSl. 
 Coyote. 
 
 cgi' 
 
 'I 
 
 nr 
 
 Not 
 
 yaxa 
 
 indeed 
 
 nek' 
 
 anyone 
 
 ^alna^nd^n 
 
 I can get 
 close to him,' 
 
 alxl'k'wa 
 
 he saw her 
 
 dedewili't'a^da 
 
 at his door 
 
 s'ink'woklwa^ 
 
 Mud-cat 
 
 debu'^ 
 
 full 
 
 Gane 
 
 Then 
 
 klem&i. 
 
 she made it. 
 
 dah5xa 
 
 evening 
 
 ya*' 
 
 she went. 
 
 ganau 
 
 in 
 
 matslkk'. 
 
 she put them 
 
 Gane 
 
 Then 
 
 la^it'a^ 
 
 when it 
 became, 
 
 Dewenxa 
 
 "Next day 
 
 k!oloi sbedesbat'i. Gane 
 
 basket she filled it tight Then 
 with them. 
 
 dn? nek' alxl'k'wa 
 
 not anyone he saw her 
 
 mu"lapx ganku ginik"^ 
 
 sweat-house in she went 
 
 with them, 
 
 gweFwak'wi^ t'ada 
 
 Paternal 
 aunt. 
 
 de4se^xi nexga^m' naga-ihi' 
 
 open the door say to she said, 
 
 me," it is said; 
 
 gweFwak'wi^ la4e^ 
 
 for me! 
 
 Dewenxa 
 
 Next day 
 
 early in the 
 morning 
 
 gana^nex hulk' y6k!a°' wa^'himit' 
 
 thus Panther his she talked 
 
 bones to them. 
 
 dedewill'da ci^uli. T'ada 
 
 it became at the door 
 
 de^ise^^xi. 
 
 open the door 
 for me!" 
 
 gane hen^e 
 
 now then 
 
 she was 
 sitting. 
 
 ndt'na^ ganat' la 
 
 as being so being just. 
 
 yewe 
 
 he 
 returned. 
 
 haxiya 
 
 in the 
 water 
 
 early in the 
 morning 
 
 Ba^bili^s de^ise^k' hople^n 
 
 She she opened long 
 
 jumped up, the door; before 
 
 yd* alt layagin. 
 
 just he was found. 
 
 Dewenxa la^e^ gweFwak'wi^ mi' guxdagwa 
 
 Next day it became early in the now his own wives 
 
 morning, 
 
 '^ Gane yanaba^hkn naga guxdagwa. Mi' 
 
 Now let us all go off!" he said his own wives. "Now 
 
 Paternal 
 aunt, 
 
 a2 
 
 let us all go off!' 
 
 gwidlsgwit' w?wa 
 
 he has thrown my younger 
 himself brother," 
 
 he said 
 to them 
 
 nagd-ihi^ 
 
 he said, it 
 is said. 
 
 hiilk'. 
 
 Panther. 
 
 Gane 
 
 Then 
 
 wd^da 
 
 to them 
 
 perhaps 
 
 guxda 
 
 his wives 
 
 'Future imperative with ist per. sing, object of naga-: naag-i-, "to say to." 
 
 2 = yda. 
 
64 ANTHKOPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 hd-u naga's yanaba^hdn nagd'^. Gane Ik !u"mank'wa 
 
 "Yes" they said; "let us all go they said. Then they prepared 
 
 away!" themselves 
 
 k'a-ila'p'a ga'pHni. Gane yd« s6"nda hawilit'gwa yewe'^ 
 
 women two. Then they Panther in his own they 
 
 went, house returned. 
 
 Dehi ^alyow6s dn? k'ai kliyix. Abaigini^k' p!i' yogwa* 
 
 Ahead he looked, not any smoke. They went into fire its place 
 
 the house; 
 
 ganau d6genku. Dit'gwd^^lAm w?wa nagd'^ Gane guxdagwa 
 
 in curled up " O poor my younger he said. Then his own wives 
 
 dog-fashion. brother!" 
 
 altslaik'knp' naga gfixdagwa altslayagan. Gana^nex ciwok'di 
 
 "Do you (pi.) he said his own he was washed. Thus it may be 
 
 wash him!" to them wives; 
 
 hono^ alhuyu'hi'x. Gi'% gahi yd,xa yoklwoya^n ge 
 
 again he used to go I, for my just indeed I know it, there 
 
 out hunting. part, that 
 
 winithi yaxa yok Iwoya^n. 
 
 just so far indeed I know it. 
 
 Translation.'- 
 
 There was the house of Panther and his yoiinger brother, 
 his younger brother Wildcat, while down below from them 
 were Coyote and his mother. Panther used to go out himting, 
 many deer he used to kill. Now every day he killed deer, 
 while his younger brother was in the house, a maker of food. 
 Only that he did. For a long time the house was full of venison ; 
 but the younger brother ate nothing but fat, he was not wont to 
 eat the flesh of deer. Down below from them Coyote and his 
 mother had a house of fir bark.^ 
 
 Then, 'tis said, a long time elapsed. Then somewheres or 
 other by the sea Panther the chief was heard about, how he 
 destroyed deer. Then two girls, the White Duck sisters, went 
 off. Coyote was heard about, that Coyote's house was on this 
 side, the west side of the land; but as for Panther, that one's 
 
 'Compare Boas, Kathlamet Texts, pp. 129-41; St. Clair, Traditions of the 
 Coos Indians, Journal of American Folk-Lore, Vol. 22, pp. 35, 36; Dixon, Achomawi 
 and Atsugewi Tales, ibid., Vol. 21, pp. 163-65. The Yana have a version closely 
 similar to that of the Achomawi. 
 
 ' The house of bark instead of lumber marks the poor man. 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 65 
 
 house was said to be on the east side of the land. Thus they 
 heard ;about them. Then the two White Duck girls, the two 
 sisters, arrived there to Coyote. Now Coyote was beating bark 
 from a tree. Now then, 'tis said, Coyote looked up — two 
 pretty girls were coming. (Coyote did not know what to do. 
 He defecated, and asked his excrements,) "^A! What am 
 I going to do?" — " 'Thunder's board, '^ say to it! Make Itim- 
 ber out of it!" — "My mother shall wear the oh6p'-shells' on 
 her skirt," said Coyote. "My mother shall have in her hands 
 an acorn pestle wherewith to pound," he said. "In a house 
 of lumber shall my mother be sitting," he said. 
 
 Then the two girls came to a standstill. "Where is Pan- 
 ther's house?" Now was Coyote asked for Panther's house. 
 "It is I, indeed, that am Panther." Now they nudged each 
 other; the younger girl nudged her elder sister, (saying), 
 "He. lies, it is Coyote indeed." The elder one said, "It is not 
 Coyote, that one is Panther." — "Girls, right there, indeed, is 
 my house." They continued on their way. Then, 'tis said, 
 they came to the house; Coyote's mother was pounding with 
 an acorn pestle. Then they sat down, but not for a long time 
 were they seated. "Where is Panther's house?" the old 
 woman. Coyote's mother, now was asked. "Up stream on the 
 east side of the land, there is his house," said the old woman. 
 "Though I told you so just now, you said it was Panther, but 
 I told you it was Coyote," she said to her elder sister. Then 
 they went out again ; now they went off, started again on their 
 journey. 
 
 Then a long time elapsed and Coyote returned. " Mother! 
 Where is your younger daughter-in-law? Has not perchance 
 the roof above her head a hole?" — "What did you say?" — 
 "Has not the roof above your younger daughter-in-law's head a 
 hole?" — "How do I come to have a daughter-in-law? Just 
 now there were girls in the house ; to Panther have they gone, ' ' 
 
 ' That is, lumber. 
 2 See note 3, p. 55. 
 
66 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 she said, the old woman said that. "S-what^ did you say?" 
 Now he went into the house and killed his mother. Then he 
 returned out of the house, ran off now. Now he ran and ptir- 
 sued them. Now they had nearly arrived at Panther's house. 
 Now (Coyote) just barely caught sight of them and exercised 
 his supernatural power upon the two girls. "Old!" he said, 
 and old they became. Now they came to Panther in his house. 
 Wildcat was sitting there; two old women came to Panther in 
 his house. Their basket-caps were worn out, their burden 
 baskets were worn out, they were old women without teeth, 
 the sisters, two old women (now), held staffs in their hands. 
 Panther was not there, he was out hunting. 
 
 Now evening came on and Panther brought home venison. 
 Then Wildcat said, "Now my maternal grandmothers have 
 arrived here," recounted Wildcat to his elder brother. "Give 
 them soft food, give them liver," said Panther. Then, 'tis said, 
 he always gave them liver. Then, when it was dawn. Panther 
 would go out hunting again, every day he was wont to go out 
 hunting. Sometimes he brought home a fawn. "Give your 
 maternal grandmothers soft food," he used to say to his yotinger 
 brother, and that one would give them liver. Then a long time 
 elapsed. Now the old women were always pounding acorns. 
 Then, 'tis said, they took hot water with them; they sifted in 
 the basket-pan, the acorns they sifted in the basket-pan. 
 Now the hot water dripped down on the back of her hand. 
 Now she caught her breath and said, "O younger sister! now 
 see! Oh, my hand has become white. Well, I'm going to 
 bathe," the elder one did that. Now she jumped into the 
 water and emerged right on the other side of the river. Then, 
 'tis said, oh! as she had been long before, being just so she 
 emerged on the other side. "Do you too bathe!" she said to 
 her younger sister. Now also the younger one bathed in the 
 water, and together they emerged just across the river. And 
 of the same appearance they became as when long ago, being 
 
 ' The S-, here as often, is quite meaningless. It is characteristic of the speech 
 of Coyote. 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 67 
 
 pretty, they had gone to Panther; of the same appearance the 
 sisters became, pretty girls. Then they returned to this side 
 of the river. Then they took out the acorns and into the house 
 they returned, pretty girls. Now the acorns they cooked. 
 And the girls said, "O Wildcat, your maternal grandmothers 
 he's been calling us; long ago, however, we came here in order 
 to marry your elder brother, but Coyote did exercise his super- 
 natural power upon us. Now we are going away, down river 
 we go back." 
 
 Now they went off, but Panther was not there ; he was out 
 hunting, early in the morning he was wont to go out to hunt. 
 Now, 'tis said, off went the girls, no longer were they there. 
 Then Wildcat, for his part, did go on top of the house. " He+ , 
 elder brother! Your wives now have gone, O elder brother!" 
 Now he kept shouting, shouted to his elder brother. " Elder 
 brother, your wives have gone, " he said to him, shouted. " O! 
 Ba + ! elder brother, come back ! Your wives have gone, ' ' 
 he said. Now Panther returned and (Wildcat) recounted it 
 to his elder brother, told him about them. " They are pretty 
 girls. 'Your maternal grandmother he's been calling me, ' 
 they said to me. ' ' Thus he recounted it to his elder brother. 
 " Now I am going, " said Panther. Then strings of dentalia he 
 took, and strung them up, strung them out in the house; an 
 acorn pestle he stood up. " Now should this (string) part, in 
 that case I shall be dead, ' ' he said to his younger brother. 
 " Should the acorn pestle fall down, should it break, in that 
 case I shall be dead. ' ' he said to him. 
 
 Then off he went, followed his wives. And now he caught up 
 with them. Arrow shafts he shot in front of them, but the girls 
 did not look back ; the arrow shafts they picked up and put them 
 into their burden baskets. And now by the ocean they arrived ; 
 just then they talked with their husband. Then a canoe was 
 paddled to them. " Even though they should say all sorts of 
 things alongside the canoe, do not look there, " said the girls, 
 to their husband that they said. " Do not look into the water, 
 
68 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 even though they should say all sorts of things to you. Do not 
 look there." Then he was paddled across. Now all sorts of 
 things was Panther called, ugly-faced; in whatever way he 
 looked, all that was he called. Though his wives had told him 
 that before, had told him, "Do not look into the water!" now 
 he became angry and looked into the water. Now the canoe 
 upset and he was swallowed, the sea-monster swallowed him; 
 but his wives arrived to shore. 
 
 Now all the people were taken as divers. " Dive for him! " 
 they were told. What sort of (person) was not taken? When- 
 ever they dived for him they always just floated up, no one 
 reached to the bottom of the water. Even though many beings 
 were taken, no one reached to the bottom, they always just 
 floated up; whenever the people dived, they did not reach to 
 the bottom of the water, but always just floated up. But now 
 the Mudcat woman was twining a small basket. " It is I indeed 
 who can get close to him, ' ' she said. Then Coyote said, " S-she 
 indeed can get close to him!" To the woman did he say that. 
 " Though these so many people did dive, they did not even get 
 close thereto, " he said, " though so many people dived. " Coy- 
 ote said that, with the woman he quarreled. " I indeed can go 
 off and get close to him, ' ' she kept twining the small basket 
 while talking. "S-she indeed can get close to him!" She said 
 nothing, answered him not, but twined the small basket. The 
 'people had all been tried, she alone was left. All the people 
 had dived, but that one still was left, she alone. Now, 'tis 
 said, she finished the basket, covered it over. "Well, now, 
 you in your turn ! since you did say, ' I can get close to him, ' ' ' 
 she was told. Then, 'tis said, she went to the water, ahead 
 to the water she proceeded. Now into the water she went, 
 she too did dive ; the people had all been tried, so she too now 
 did dive. 
 
 Now up river the string of dentalia parted in Panther's house, 
 where formerly he had stretched it aloft in the house. Now 
 it parted in several places, and the acorn pestle dropped down. 
 
E. SAPIK — TAKELMA TEXTS. 69 
 
 broke to pieces. Now Wildcat's elder brother had died. Then, 
 'tis said, he wept, on top of the house he went. 
 
 "Alas, O elder brother! alas, O elder brother! alas, 
 elder brother! 
 O elder brother! O elder brother! O elder brother!" 
 
 Down he rolled from on top of the house. Then again, 'tis 
 said, he went up on top of the house. Again he looked along 
 the trail. 
 
 "Alas, O elder brother! alas, O elder brother! alas, 
 O elder brother! 
 O elder brother! O elder brother! O elder brother!" 
 
 He always dropped down, down he rolled. Then exhausted 
 he became, he was tired out as he wept. Then he went back into 
 the house. Then he dug into the fire-place and put the ashes 
 aside; not again he built the fire. And therein dog-fashion he 
 lay curled up. No more did he go anywhere, no longer he wept. 
 
 Now, pray, let us return down river. Now, when formerly 
 she had gone into the water, the people there were standing; 
 the little woman was seen as she went into the water. But 
 she did not return. Now Coyote was angry. "S-when formerly 
 she said, T indeed can get close to him,' right into the water 
 she proceeded," said Coyote. No one did see the little woman. 
 Then Mudcat did arrive at the sea-monster's door; Panther's 
 bones she gathered up, the basket tight she filled with them. 
 Then full she made the basket. And off she went, and no one 
 saw her as she returned. Then as evening came on, into the 
 sweat-house she went with them, in the sweat-house she put 
 them. "Next day, early in the morning, say to me, 'Paternal 
 aunt, open the door for me!' " she said, thus to Panther's bones 
 she talked. Next day came on early in the morning, and at 
 the door she was seated. "Paternal aunt, open the door for 
 me!" Up she jumped and opened the door. As long before 
 he had been, just so indeed was he then found. 
 
 Next day came on early in the morning, and to his wives he 
 
70 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 returned. "Now let us all go ofiE!" he said to his wives. "Now 
 perhaps my younger brother has thrown himself into the water, ! ' 
 said Panther. Then his wives said, "Yes, let us all go off!" 
 they said. Then the two women prepared themselves, and away 
 they went, rettimed to Panther's house. Ahead he looked, 
 but there was no smoke. They went into the house; (Wild- 
 cat) lay in the fire-place curled up dog-fashion. "O my poor 
 younger brother!" he said. Then to his wives "Do you wash 
 him!" he said, and he was washed. As was his wont, it may be, 
 he always went out hunting again. I, for my part, know 
 just that, indeed; proceeding just so far I know. 
 
 5. Coyote and Fox. 
 Wili^ yuw6^ sglsi yolk wak'dixadil bed.n mi'^sga^ 
 
 Their they were Coyote Fox he and his his one 
 
 houses cousin,' daughter 
 
 '^sgisi. A'lhuyHx yold s'uhu' ba^domd^s gui ga^kl ts!aya'k'i 
 
 Coyote. He went out Fox; quails they flew up woods at; he shot at 
 
 to hunt and lit them, 
 
 gwala t!om6m. Daho'^a yew6'^ cuhu' ligik'w. Sgisi 
 
 many he killed In the he returned, quails he brought Coyote 
 
 them. evening them home. 
 
 b^an dewili lo"P. Ganehi^ yola yew^'^ cuhu' gwala 
 
 his in front of she was Then, it Fox he returned, quails many 
 
 daughter the house playing. is said, 
 
 labkk'. 0+ haml^ yola cuhu' gwala ligik'™'. 
 
 he evidently carried "O, father! Fox quails many he has brought 
 
 them on his back. them home." 
 
 Dat'an-ela^'t'gwkt' ykmt' ne^ gwidi na^nagdnha^^ nagd-ihi^ 
 
 " Squirrel- tongued, ask him, well, in what that he did to he said, it 
 
 way them," is said, 
 
 sglsi. N6"c hiwili"^ Wihdm gwidi na^nagkt' nagdsbi 
 
 Coyote. Next door she ran. "My father 'In what did you do he says to 
 
 way to them?' you," 
 
 nagd-ihi^ Gwidi na^nagd^n? Gui ga^kl ba*k!owu'^ 
 
 she said, it "In what did I do to Woods to they flew up 
 
 is said. way them? together- 
 
 'More exactly, "his mother's brother's son." 
 'Subordinate form of na^nagh. 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 71 
 
 hawap !i'tc !uluk !i^n gui. Gane 
 
 underneath I set fire to woods. Then 
 them 
 
 Gane p!a-ik'uM"k'al deguxhide. 
 
 Then they dropped down dead in front of 
 one after another 
 
 No"s- 
 
 Next door 
 
 yolk. 
 
 Fox. 
 
 nagd-ihi^ 
 
 he said, it 
 is said, 
 
 s'alt!us'6t!isi^n. 
 
 I was walking about 
 at random. 
 
 Gas-i« 
 
 Then 
 
 tc!uluk!^i«n 
 
 (woods) under- 
 neath," " 
 
 nag^-ihi^. 
 
 she said, it 
 is said. 
 
 t lomomd^n. 
 
 I killed them.' 
 
 a'k' 
 
 naga-ihi^. 
 
 she said, it 
 is said. 
 
 my heart.' 
 
 she 
 returned 
 
 quails 
 
 Gasi« 
 
 " 'Then 
 
 ba^gMyuwiit'e^ 
 
 I lay down belly up 
 
 Gana^nex 
 
 Thus 
 
 hapxwi 
 
 little 
 
 waiwi 
 
 girl. 
 
 gas'i^ 
 
 there- 
 
 ba^dumu^s 
 
 they flew up 
 
 and lit ; upon 
 
 ba^gelpleyent'e^ 
 
 I lay down belly up 
 
 Gasi^ 
 
 " 'Then 
 
 Ga 
 
 That 
 
 deguxhide 
 
 in front of 
 my heart 
 
 nagd'^ hami 
 
 he said, father. 
 
 wank 
 
 "he even 
 
 nagd-ihi^. 
 
 he said, it is said. 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 said, 
 
 gdhihi^ -"^^ 
 the same, 
 it is said. 
 
 gtixi' 
 
 his heart 
 
 t!os6" 
 
 little. 
 
 pla-ik'tdu^^k'al. 
 
 they dropped down dead 
 one after another. 
 
 yola%. S'ehehehe 
 
 Fox, for "S-^hehehe!" 
 his part." 
 
 gi' yaxdhi guxit'k' 
 
 I however, indeed, my heart 
 
 haw^nda. 
 
 under them. 
 
 t lomomd^n 
 
 I killed them," 
 
 Yek'dal 
 
 " 'In the 
 brush 
 
 hawa^'pi'- 
 
 I set fire to 
 
 hawdnda 
 
 under them,"' 
 
 Gana^nfex 
 
 Thus 
 
 uyu''%gwa 
 
 he laughed 
 at him; 
 
 mahki 
 
 big," 
 
 dew6nxa 
 
 next day 
 
 la^le\ 
 
 it became. 
 
 na^'naga' 
 
 he did. 
 
 Ganehi* alhuyux 
 
 Then, it is he went to 
 said, hunt 
 
 hawap !i'tc !tilu"^k'i 
 
 he set fire to (woods) 
 underneath ; 
 
 ba^gelpleyfe^ hawanda 
 
 he lay down under them, 
 belly up 
 
 p!a-ik!iyi'^k' 
 
 it dropped down 
 
 mi'^sga^ 
 
 Cuhu'' ba^k!ow6^ 
 
 Quails they flew up 
 together; 
 
 p!i' p!a-ik'ulu"'=k'al deguxhi'da. 
 
 (pieces they dropped down in front of his 
 of) fire one after another heart. 
 
 deguxhi'da. Sgisi ml' loho'l 
 
 Coyote now he died. 
 
 SglSl 
 Coyote ; 
 
 gam 
 
 then 
 
 in front of his 
 heart. 
 
 t libiclhi 
 
 ants, 
 indeed, 
 
 xa^dlFs 
 
 slim-waisted ! 
 
 nagd-ihil 
 
 he said, it 
 is said. 
 
 mi 
 
 now 
 
 t layak'wa mi'hi^ 
 
 they found now, 
 
 him; it is said, 
 
 olom waik'anda^ 
 
 short when I, as it seems, 
 while ago was sleeping 
 
 Mi' bayewe' dahoxa 
 
 Now he came to in the 
 again ; evening 
 
 dakroc6''k'wa. C^d 
 
 they bit him. "C^d! 
 
 Gani 
 
 Then 
 
 Gani 
 
 Then 
 
 t'.ibici 
 
 ants 
 
 k'di 
 
 what 
 
 ga^al 
 
 for 
 
 di 
 
 (inter.) 
 
 yewe"^ 
 
 he returned. 
 
 mi'^sga^ 
 
 ikw6^i 
 
 did they wake 
 me up?" 
 
 ligik'^. 
 
 he brought 
 it home. 
 
 ij. e., on my breast. 
 
ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 Gani 
 
 Then 
 
 mi'hi hono^ 
 
 now, again 
 
 indeed, 
 
 mena ligik"' 
 
 brown he has brought 
 bear it home," 
 
 Dat'an^laH'gwkt' 
 
 "Squirrel- tongued, 
 
 yewe 
 
 he returned 
 
 N6"s- 
 
 Next door 
 
 nagdsbi, 
 
 he says to 
 you." 
 
 t!os-6"t!is-i«n. 
 
 about at random 
 in the bush. 
 
 mu'^lxi 
 
 'swallow 
 me 
 
 dewenxa mi' hono^ alhuyfix 
 
 next day now again he went to hunt 
 
 '^ dahoxa mena ligik"". 
 
 in the brown he brought 
 
 evening, bear it home. 
 
 nagd-ihi^ hapxwi 
 
 she said, it little 
 
 is said, 
 
 yamdkmt' 
 
 go and ask 
 him 
 
 hiwili"^ Wihkm 
 
 she ran. "My father 
 
 Gwi na^nex di 
 
 "How doing (inter.) 
 
 yolk. 
 
 Fox. 
 
 Hami^ 
 
 "Father, 
 
 Gam 
 
 Then 
 
 yola 
 
 Fox 
 
 gwi 
 
 how 
 
 wa-iwi 
 
 girl, 
 
 na^nex 
 
 doing 
 
 gWl 
 'How 
 
 na'^nex 
 
 doing 
 
 t !omomd,^n ? 
 
 did I kill it? 
 
 sgisi bean. 
 
 Coyote his 
 
 daughter. 
 
 di t !omom. 
 
 (inter.) he has 
 
 killed it." 
 
 di t lomomat' 
 
 (inter.) did you kill it?' 
 
 Gam 
 
 Then 
 
 5 + 
 
 '6 + ' 
 
 yexa' 
 
 merely ! 
 
 wede 
 
 Not 
 
 Gam 
 
 Then 
 
 nagd,^n. Gasi^ mulu"^xi yaxk. 
 
 I said to There- he swallowed merely, 
 him. upon me 
 
 Gani guxl' smilismalx guxi' he^sg6"da^n. 
 
 K!a^t' dalsal- 
 
 ' K!aH' ' I was 
 
 bushes walking 
 
 negesi. Mu'^bci yexa' naga^n 
 
 he said 'Swallow merely,' I said 
 
 to me. me to him, 
 
 yo"mkt'k' p !a-it'gwil^xnat' 
 
 my blood do you cause it 
 
 to drop down!' 
 
 ci^ulit'e^ hawi^i'da. 
 
 I was sitting inside of him. 
 
 wana 
 
 at all 
 
 Then 
 
 his it was swmgmg ; 
 heart 
 
 his 
 heart 
 
 I cut it off. 
 
 Gani didelgandadat, 
 
 Then out from his anus 
 
 ba-iyeweit'e^ nagd-ihi^ 
 
 I went out he said, it is 
 again, " said. 
 
 guxit'k' tslkmx t'.i'la'p'a 
 
 my heart 
 
 Se^hehehehe hin^x-niwd^s gi' yaxa'^\"a 
 
 "Se^hehehehe! he is cowardly; I, however, 
 
 brave, 
 
 Dewenxa la4e^ 
 
 Next day it became. 
 
 eit'e^ sgisihi 
 
 n I am," Coyote 
 
 indeed 
 
 mi' alhuyux aksi^ 
 
 now he went out he in 
 to hunt his turn. 
 
 that 
 
 nagd'^- 
 
 he said. 
 
 Sgisi gahi'hi^ 
 
 Coyote; the same, 
 it is said. 
 
 na^nagd,'^ 
 
 he did 
 
 mi'hi^ ba-idd,k'wili't!at' 
 
 now, it he jumped out of his 
 
 is said, house, 
 
 yaxa wede yo"mat'k' 
 
 merely! Not my blood 
 
 yola 
 
 Fox 
 
 ha" 
 
 "HS,"!" 
 
 gana'^nex 
 
 in that way 
 
 Ganehi^ alhtiyux 
 
 Then, it is he went out 
 said, to hunt 
 
 malak'wana^ Gane 
 
 as he had told Then 
 
 him. 
 
 ^mu'Fxwi 
 
 "Swallow me 
 
 p !a-it'gwiPxnat' . 
 
 do you let it drop!" 
 
 ^•axa 
 
 merely, 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 ^mu'l^xwi 
 
 swallow me 
 
 miilu"^k'wa 
 
 he swallowed 
 him; 
 
 ' So heard for yaxa. 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 SglSl 
 Coyote 
 
 mena 
 
 Brown 
 Bear 
 
 t lomorn 
 
 he killed 
 him 
 
 his ribs. 
 
 mu.lii"k !an xam^k' 
 
 he was Grizzly 
 
 swallowed, Bear 
 
 gioxi' alxi'k' 
 
 his he saw it, 
 heart 
 
 xebe^n. 
 
 he did so. 
 
 smilismalx 
 
 it was dangling ; 
 
 mi' 
 
 now 
 
 Ha^wini'da 
 
 Inside of him 
 
 he^sg6"t' 
 
 he cut it 
 off 
 
 ci^uli. 
 
 he was 
 sitting. 
 
 guxf 
 
 his 
 
 Mi- 
 
 Now 
 
 mi'hi^ 
 
 now, it 
 is said. 
 
 mena 
 
 Brown 
 Bear 
 
 SglSl. 
 Coyote. 
 
 Gane 
 
 Then 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 mena 
 
 Brown 
 Bear 
 
 ligik'^ 
 
 he brought 
 him home 
 
 mena 
 
 Brown 
 Bear; 
 
 mi 
 
 now 
 
 mi' 
 
 now 
 
 yewe'l 
 
 he 
 returned. 
 
 gwidi 
 
 'How 
 
 t lomom 
 
 he killed 
 him 
 
 dahoxk. 
 
 in the 
 evening. 
 
 Ganehi^ we^gia-uda^ 
 
 Then, it when it was 
 is said, daybreak 
 
 He+ hami yola del gwala ligik''". 
 
 "He + ! father. Fox yellow- many he brought 
 jackets them home. 
 
 na^nagat' nanha. No"s' hiwili"^. 
 
 did you do ask him." ' Next 
 to them?' 
 
 heart, 
 
 mi'hi^ hanwayaswilswalhi 
 
 now, it 
 is said, 
 
 aba-iyewe'^ 
 
 he returned 
 home. 
 
 he tore through them 
 with his knife 
 
 mi' SglSl 
 
 now Coyote 
 
 hono^ 
 
 again 
 
 yola 
 
 \Fox 
 
 alhuyux 
 
 he went to 
 hunt. 
 
 dahoxa 
 
 in the 
 evening 
 
 Dat'an-eldn'gwat' 
 
 "Squirrel- tongued. 
 
 she ran. 
 
 Gwidi 
 
 " 'How 
 
 door 
 
 na^nagkt' 
 
 did you do 
 to them?' 
 
 nagdsbi wiham. Gwidi 
 
 he says to my father." "How 
 you 
 
 Gas'i^ de^l hadedilt'a 
 
 There- yellow- everywhere 
 upon jackets 
 
 dik'alp'ilip'ili^n 
 
 I squashed them all 
 with my penis," 
 
 nagd-ihi^. 
 
 he said, it is 
 said. 
 
 na^nagd^n? 
 
 did I do to 
 
 them? 
 
 dibiimd,*k' 
 
 they swarmed 
 up. 
 
 No-'s- 
 
 Next door 
 
 T'ga^ hap!itc!uluk!i^n. 
 
 'Earth I set them on fire 
 
 in it. 
 
 ba-ik lolola^n. Gane 
 
 I dug them out. Then 
 
 yew6'^. 
 
 she 
 returned. 
 
 Hami 
 
 "Father, 
 
 t'ga" 
 
 'Earth 
 
 w:s 
 
 rn 
 
 liap!itc!ulii''k! 
 
 I set them on fire in it, 
 
 maxa. Hami 
 
 her "Father, 
 
 father. 
 
 dibumd^k' gasi' 
 
 they then 
 
 swarmed up. 
 
 naga' 
 
 he said,' 
 
 D at ' aneld^t ' gwat ' gwenhegwehak ' wi 
 
 Squirrel-tongued she related it to him 
 
 t 'ga=- hap !itc lulu^k I^i^n 
 
 'Earth I set them on fire in it,' 
 
 is 
 
 ba-ik lululd^n 
 
 I dug them out. 
 
 gasr 
 
 then 
 
 nagd'^ Gasi^ de*l 
 
 he said. 'There- yellow- 
 upon jackets 
 
 ^ dik'alp'ilip'ili^n nagd,-ihi^. 
 
 I squashed them all she said, it 
 
 with my penis, ' 
 
 C^hehehe ak!a^ 
 
 "C^^hehehe! he, for his 
 part, 
 
 wa4t landhi^n nagd-ihi^ 
 
 I hold it with me 
 
 dik'alt!ucu''t'gwkt 
 
 small-penised, 
 
 I 
 
 yaxa 
 
 however 
 
 is said. 
 
 maMit'a 
 
 bigger one 
 
 he said, it is said. 
 
 'Literally, "cause him to do or say." 
 
74: 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 said, 
 
 Dewenxa lale sgisi 
 
 Next day it Coyote 
 
 became, 
 
 t'ga^ hap!i'tc!tilo"k'i. 
 
 earth he set them on fire 
 in it. 
 
 ba-ik!ol6l de^ aldil 
 
 he dug yellow- all 
 
 them out, jackets 
 
 Mi'^sga^ will' ba-ikol61. 
 
 One house' he dug it out. 
 
 mi' dak!os'6"k'wa. S'^4 
 
 now they bit him. "S'^d,! 
 
 gam 
 
 then 
 
 just 
 
 de"! 
 
 yellow- 
 jackets 
 
 dik'alp'ilip'alhi 
 
 he squashed them 
 with his penis; 
 
 Mi' dets'.infe 
 
 Now he died; 
 
 hono^ 
 
 again 
 
 d,dat'wi^ 
 
 from every 
 side 
 
 m,i' 
 
 now 
 
 a^'ks'i^ 
 
 he in his 
 turn 
 
 gam 
 
 then 
 
 dibumd^k' 
 
 they 
 swarmed up; 
 
 p !owo"k'wa. 
 
 they stung him. 
 
 mi' hono^ t libis'i' 
 
 now again ants 
 
 c^Ik'we^i ulum waik'anda^ nagd-M. 
 
 they have before when I was evi- he said, 
 waked me up dently sleeping," 
 
 Mi'^sga^ 
 
 One 
 
 ligik'". 
 
 he brought 
 it home. 
 
 Gana^nexhi 
 
 Thus indeed 
 
 mi'^sga^ 
 
 t lomdamt' 
 
 he always 
 killed it, 
 
 it is said. 
 
 he%ie 
 
 then 
 
 dets lini'anx. 
 
 he always died. 
 
 Mi' dewenxa 
 
 Now next day 
 
 hono^n 
 
 again 
 
 alhuyflx 
 
 he went out 
 to hunt 
 
 'hono^ a-l- 
 
 again "a-!-! 
 
 yolk. 
 
 Fox. 
 
 ligik"^ daho'bck. Mi' 
 
 he brought in the Now 
 
 them home evening. 
 
 ba-iligik"' naga-ihi^ 
 
 he has brought she said, it 
 home out of is said, 
 
 the water," 
 
 Mi' n6"c hiwili"^ 
 
 Now next she ran. 
 door 
 
 hami 
 
 father. 
 
 Gam 
 
 Then 
 
 p im 
 
 salmon 
 
 Dat'anelaU'gwkt' 
 
 " Squirrel-tongued, 
 
 yamdamt' 
 
 go and ask 
 him. 
 
 p'imhi 
 
 salmon 
 indeed 
 
 gwala 
 
 many 
 
 gwidi 
 
 'How 
 
 Wiham gwidl na^nagkt' 
 
 "My father 'How did you do 
 to them?' 
 
 na^nagkt' nanha. 
 
 did you do ask him." 
 to them?' 
 
 nagasbi. Gwidi na^nagd^n? Yilwa% ik!anak!ini^n gasi^ 
 
 he says to "How did I do to Hazel I twisted it, there- 
 
 you." them? switch upon 
 
 gani detsMugti" kleme^n. Gani p!6*s gwenha-ude matslagcL^n 
 
 then sharp at one I made it. Then rock acorn- in back of I put it, 
 
 end 
 
 ts'.a-Q gankuv p'im gwenxoxog'^ci^n nagd-ihi^. 
 
 deep in, salmon I strung them," he said, it is 
 
 water 
 
 xambiliHt'e 
 
 into the water 
 I jumped 
 
 S'^hehehe 
 
 "S-^hehehe! 
 
 t!os'6" nagd-ihi^ 
 
 little," he said, it is said. 
 
 I 
 
 yaxdwa 
 
 truly 
 
 mortar my neck 
 
 p"im gwenxoxog'^ci^n nagd-ihi^ 
 
 aid, i 
 said. 
 
 mahdi aks"i^ gxixwi' 
 
 big he, however, his heart 
 
 gux^It'k' 
 
 my heart 
 
 ' J. e., nest. 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 75 
 
 Dewenxa 
 
 Next day 
 
 lale 
 
 it 
 became, 
 
 mi' 
 
 now 
 
 haxiyk 
 
 in the 
 water 
 
 gini^k' 
 
 he went; ■ 
 
 yilwa^s 
 
 ' hazel 
 switch 
 
 he-'sgd-t' 
 
 he cut it off, 
 
 ganehi^ ik!andk!an. 
 
 then, it is he twisted it. 
 said, 
 
 mats !kk' 
 
 he put it ; 
 
 I't !aut !ku, 
 
 he caught it 
 
 baya^ehe's' tluxu'i 
 
 he just drifted drift-wood 
 dead to shore 
 
 S-^d tlibis'i' xa^dil^s 
 
 "S-^d! ants slim-waisted! 
 
 Gani p !6*s 
 
 Then rock 
 
 acorn-mortar 
 
 igi'na 
 
 he took 
 
 it, 
 
 gwenhaut'gwa 
 
 in back of his 
 own neck 
 
 xambili" 
 
 into the water 
 he jumped, - -~ 
 
 Mi' lohd'^ 
 
 Now he died. 
 
 p im 
 
 salmon 
 
 mi 
 
 now 
 
 wayank"' 
 
 he followed 
 them, 
 
 t'iyi's 
 he floated. 
 
 swadat'ga 
 
 he pursued 
 them. 
 
 mi'^sga^ 
 
 one 
 
 mr 
 
 now 
 
 SglSl 
 Coyote 
 
 dets linf X 
 
 he was dead, 
 
 ga^kl. 
 
 to. 
 
 olom 
 
 Just 
 before 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 t!ibis-i' 
 
 ants 
 
 dakl'^os'o^k'wa. 
 
 they bit him. 
 
 walk'anda^ c^ik'w6^i naga-ihi^ 
 
 when I was evi- they woke he said, it 
 dently sleeping me up!" 
 
 is said. 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 aba-iyew6'^ 
 
 he returned into 
 the house 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 5aidj 
 
 dahSxk 
 
 in the 
 evening, 
 
 hono^ w^^gia' 
 
 again it was dawn; 
 
 mi' ligik"' p'im 
 
 now he brought salmon 
 it home 
 
 mi'^sga^ 
 
 3UE 
 
 ya'' 
 
 he went 
 
 yolk. Mi' datlaiy^'^- 
 
 , Fox. Now he went to people 
 to get food. 
 
 dewenxa laHit'a^ mi' hono^ 
 
 next day when it now again 
 
 became 
 
 dahoxa lale\ Mi' 
 
 evening it became. Now 
 
 yola yew^"^ 
 
 Fox he 
 
 returned. 
 
 p im 
 
 salmon 
 
 xum 
 
 dry 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it 
 is said, 
 
 yelfex debu^ labkk'. 
 
 burden full it turned out 
 basket that he carried 
 
 it on his back. 
 
 e+ hami 
 
 "e-l-! father. 
 
 yola p'im yelex debu^ labkk' 
 
 Fox salmon burden full he evidently 
 basket 
 
 carries it on 
 his back. 
 
 gwidi 
 
 'How 
 
 SglSl 
 Coyote 
 
 na^nagkt' 
 
 did you do 
 to them?' 
 
 nanha. 
 
 ask him." 
 
 No^c 
 
 Next 
 door 
 
 nagd-ihi^ 
 
 she said, it 
 is said. 
 
 hiwilfs 
 
 she ran 
 
 Dat'anela^t'gwkt' 
 
 " Squirrel-tongued, 
 
 h6an. 
 
 his 
 daughter. 
 
 Wiham 
 
 "My father 
 
 gwidi 
 
 'How 
 
 na^nagkt' 
 
 did you do 
 to them?' 
 
 hapxwi 
 
 Uttle 
 
 nagdsbi. 
 
 he says to 
 you." 
 
 wa-iwi 
 
 girl 
 
 Gwidi 
 
 "How 
 
 na^nagd^? N6"gwa will hapxwi kloPxi 
 
 did I do to Down the house children salmon- 
 
 to them? stream heads 
 from 
 
 ixledenhok"^ 
 
 they carried them 
 about in basket- 
 plates ; 
 
 1 = ba-iya/^lehii' 
 
76 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 iwet'gi^n di'bemp'ilip'ilfe nag^'l Aba-iginik'de^da^ k'a-i^la'p'a 
 
 I deprived I whipped them he said. "When I had gone women 
 
 them of them, with stick," into the house 
 
 di'be^mp'ilip'ili^n nagd-ihi^ Ganehi^ Dat'anelaH'gwkt' hami 
 
 I whipped them he said, it Then, it Squirrel-tongued "Father, 
 
 with stick," is said. is said, 
 
 hapxwi aldi kloPxi Ixledenhdk"" di'be'mp'ilip'ili^n nagd,'^ 
 
 'Children all salmon- they were carrying I whipped them he said," 
 
 heads them on basket-plates, with stick,' 
 
 maldk'i mdxa Dat'an61an'gwkt'. S'ehehehe ak' wank 
 
 she told her father Squirrel-tongued. "Sdhehehe! he even 
 
 him 
 
 hin'^x-niVd^s gi' yaxdwa tli'la'p'a eit'e^ naga-ihi^. 
 
 cowardly, I however man I am," he said, it is said. 
 
 Ganehi^ dewenxa la^it'a^ gane aks'i^ ya^. Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is next day when it then he in his he Then, it 
 
 said, became turn went. is said, 
 
 no"go* will ha^pxwi kloFxi ixledenhok"^ di'bemp'ilip'alhi 
 
 down stream the children salmon- they carried them he whipped them 
 from house heads in basket-plates, with stick, 
 
 aba-iwayewenhi k'a-ila'p'a ga^al. He+ ma% gwidi na^nagait' 
 
 he made them return women to. "He 4-! you, for how are you 
 
 into the house with it your part, doing? 
 
 h6"xa^k yolk p'im^a datlayalt' imihiminak' S'k'ai nagait'p' 
 
 yesterday Fox salmon he came to we sent him " What do you (pi.) 
 
 indeed indeed beg for it, away with it." say, 
 
 hindehan k'ki nagait'p'? K'ai gwala^a yola^a wilau 
 
 O mothers? what do you (pi.) "Things many Fox, for arrows 
 
 say?" indeed his part, 
 
 ts!aykk'i mena^a tlomom. He^?vili'gwksbi. De^l p'uvamt' 
 
 he shot them brown bear he killed it. He wishes you YeUow- he smoked 
 
 with them, indeed to die.^ jackets them out, 
 
 p'ims'i^ tslaykk' nagdnhi^ mi' malaginin. Sga na^nagalt'e^ 
 
 salmon he speared he was said to, now he was told. "'That I did,' 
 
 moreover them," it is said, 
 
 neg6si hindehan nagk-ihi^ Ganehi^ mi' p'im ba-ik!emenkmdan 
 
 he said O mothers!" he said, it Then, it now salmon he was equipped 
 to me, is said. ir said, with them 
 
 yel6x debu"^ imi'himin. Mi' yk^ 
 
 burden full he was sent Now he went, 
 
 basket away. 
 
 1 = no'igwa. 
 
 'Literally, "he moves off with you." 
 
E. SAPIK — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 77 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it is 
 said, 
 
 hinwa 
 
 up stream 
 from 
 
 will la4e\ 
 
 the he became, 
 house 
 
 Mi'hi^ 
 
 Now, it 
 is said, 
 
 lat'gwa yamkt' 
 
 his own he asked 
 excrement it. 
 
 s'gwidi 
 
 " How 
 
 k lemfei 
 
 he made 
 it, 
 
 yelex 
 
 burden 
 
 basket 
 
 ha'pxda ma^a 
 
 its young you, for 
 ones, your part, 
 
 na^nagait'e^? 
 
 I'll do?" 
 
 ba-i^alxanau 
 
 they looked out 
 
 p !d-imats !kk' 
 
 he put it down. 
 
 Mi' nag^'l Mi'hi^ , yulum : will' ha'pxda 
 
 Now it said. Now, it eagle his its young 
 
 is said, house ones 
 
 gane yuliim p'.u'^lhi hapxda. Ganehi^ 
 
 then eagle eyrie its young Then, it 
 
 ones. is said, 
 
 n6''s gini^k'. 
 
 next door he went. 
 
 S-wok'da 
 
 "O cousin! 
 
 a^li p lulhi 
 
 right eyrie 
 here 
 
 wilku 
 
 arrows 
 
 wdk'dixadil. 
 
 he and his cousin. 
 
 bayalxanau. 
 
 they are looking 
 out." 
 
 Geme^di ? 
 
 "Where?" 
 
 k lemeamgada^ 
 
 since you are always 
 making them," 
 
 All hinwadd 
 
 ' ' Right up stream 
 here 
 
 nagd-ihi^ 
 
 he said, it is 
 said, 
 
 plu^lhi 
 
 eyrie 
 
 nagasa^^n 
 
 they said to 
 each other 
 
 hdpxda 
 
 its young 
 ones 
 
 Ge 
 
 There 
 
 alyebep'i. 
 
 he showed 
 it to him. 
 
 Mi'hi^ 
 
 Now, it 
 is said. 
 
 gini^k' 
 
 he went 
 
 hiliwd^lt' 
 
 he climbed 
 for them 
 
 yola 
 
 Fox, 
 
 SglSl 
 Coyote 
 
 hono^ 
 
 also 
 
 there 
 
 yolk 
 
 Fox 
 
 yulum 
 
 eagle 
 
 ha'p'da. 
 
 his young 
 ones. 
 
 gini^k' 
 
 he went, 
 
 Gane 
 
 Then 
 
 mi'hi^ sgisi ge 
 
 now, it Coyote there 
 is said. 
 
 Mi' 
 
 Now 
 
 gelyala^alt'gwit 
 
 he forgot himself ' 
 
 s as mi. 
 
 he was 
 standing 
 
 yolk 
 
 Fox, 
 
 P' + 
 P' + ! 
 
 ga^'ya'-k"". 
 
 Grow with 
 him!" 
 
 Mi' klaiya's xo. 
 
 Now it grew fir 
 
 tree. 
 
 bamis liadak'ts!6"t'. Ganehi^ 
 
 sky it struck above Then, it 
 
 against it. is said, 
 
 ho^ p'owo^x mi' p !a-iVayewenlii di'-mi'-xami'xa p!a-id6k!iyi^k' 
 
 fir it bent, now he returned down to on, now, ocean he fell down in 
 
 tree earth with it, front; 
 
 ga gand-u y6''k!a°' 
 
 that in his bones 
 
 ts- IhV 
 
 they 
 rattled. 
 
 gdhi 
 
 just 
 that 
 
 na^nagd,'^ 
 
 he did 
 
 yolk. 
 
 Fox. 
 
 Yolk yo"k!a^ ba^k!ol51 s'ink'w6k!wa^. Ganehi^ mu.''lkpx 
 
 ganau 
 
 in 
 
 Fox his bones 
 
 matslkk'. 
 
 she put them. 
 
 she picked 
 them up 
 
 Dew^nxa 
 
 "To-morrow 
 
 Mud-cat. 
 
 Then, it 
 is said. 
 
 ga 
 
 that 
 
 nexga^'m. 
 
 do you (fut.) 
 say to me," 
 
 Ganehi^ 
 
 Then, it 
 is said, 
 
 gwePwak'wi^ de^e^xi 
 
 early in the 'Open the door 
 morning for me, 
 
 dedewili'da s'ink'woklwk^ 
 
 at the door Mud-cat 
 
 sweat- 
 house 
 
 t'ada 
 
 paternal 
 aunt!' 
 
 s'i^uli 
 
 she was 
 sitting 
 
 'Literally, "he breast-lost himself." 
 ' So heard for xo. 
 
78 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 gwePwak'wihi hawi dn? t'ga* di'md,*sda^ Ganehi^ t'ada 
 
 early in the morn- yet not earth when it was Then, it "Paternal 
 
 ing indeed lit up. is said, aunt, 
 
 de^is^^'^xi nagdhi^ yolk. Mi' de^is6^k' ba-igini^k' hon6^ yap!a 
 
 open the door he said to Fox. Now she opened he went out; again person 
 forme!" her, it is said, the door, 
 
 la^'le^ hoplfe'^n hen^e ndt'na^ Mi' ba^ewe'^ yolk. 
 
 he became long before then as being. Now he was Fox. 
 
 resuscitated 
 
 Sglsi he^dedd.^ aba-i ^a'k'daxi t'i's lok!61ha. Dahoxa 
 
 Coyote off yonder at home he by gophers he used to set Evening 
 
 himself traps for them. 
 
 lawdlhit' ganehi^ ganau nagand^k gwi Wgwana^ dahoxa 
 
 it used to then, it is in them he used to where that he had set evening 
 become, said, do' traps for them, 
 
 lawdlhedal Ganehi^ dabalnixa la^le\ Ganehi^ gwi^e 
 
 whenever it Then, it is long time it became. Then, it is how long 
 
 became. said, said, 
 
 la^it'a^ mi'lii hono^ man t'i's mixaldi tlomomana^ 
 
 when it now indeed again he counted gophers, how many that he had 
 
 had become, them killed them 
 
 man. Mi'hi^ dahoxa la4e^ ci^uli man mi'hi^ sgisi 
 
 he counted Now, it evening it became, he was he counted now, it Coyote 
 them. is said, sitting them; is said, 
 
 tc lucumaldan yola xeb6%. ^a' k'kdi dexeb6^n nagdnhi^ 
 
 he was chirped^ to. Fox he did so. "^aM what it said it?" he was said 
 
 to, it is said . 
 
 Hono^ tclucumdldan liwd* nagd'^ k'ai yaxa detslidak"' 
 
 Again he was chirped to ; looking he did, some- merely reddish 
 
 around thing 
 
 p!i' dugum na^fex. Mi' t'l's he*k!owou mi' h^^bili"^. 
 
 fire blaze like.' Now gophers he threw them now he rushed 
 
 all away, ofiE. 
 
 Mi' h6«k' ligint' xaheg^h6k'. . Hondhi^ tc luctimkldan 
 
 Now he ran, he rested, he took breath. Again, it is he was chirped to, 
 
 said, 
 
 liwk* naga'^ hondhi^ p!i' na^nagd,'^ Mi' hono^ h^^bili"^ 
 
 looking he did; again, it is fire it did. Now again he rushed 
 
 around said, off 
 
 hd^k' gwin^^'di wede h6k'. Mi' hono^ ligint' ganehi^ 
 
 he ran; how long not he ran? Now again he rested; then, it 
 
 is said. 
 
 'i. e., he used to follow about, make the rounds. 
 
 'The sound referred to in the verb stem tducum- is produced by drawing in the 
 breath between pressed lips. It is similar to a familiar animal call. When heard at 
 night, it was generally ascribed to ghosts. 
 
 'Literally, "doing." 
 
E. SAPIK — TAKELMA TESTS. 79 
 
 hono^ xahegehak'. Hondhi^ tc lucumdldan hono^ he^bili"^ 
 
 again he took breath. Again, it he was chirped to, again he rushed 
 
 is said, off, 
 
 hd^k'. Gwinedi wede h6k'. Mi' hono'= ligint' xa^heg6hak'. 
 
 he ran. How long not he ran? Now again he rested, he took breath. 
 
 Mi' hono^ tc lucumdldan gwin^^di wede tc Iticmalt'gam. 
 
 Now again he was chirped to ; how long not was he chirped to ? 
 
 Mi' he^bili''^ h6^k'. Ganehi« hono^ ligint' xaheg6"hak'. 
 
 Now he rushed he ran. Then, it is again he rested, he took breath, 
 off, said, 
 
 Mi' hono^ tclucumdldan liwd,^ nagd'^ hono^hi^ gana^n^x 
 
 Now again he was chirped to ; looking he did, again, it is thus 
 
 around said, 
 
 p!i digdm na^naga'^. Mi' he^bili"^ h6%'. Gwent'gab6k'danda 
 
 fire blaze it did. Now he rushed he ran. In back of the earth's 
 
 off, neck' 
 
 t'ga^ s'igi't'a^ bamis p !a-idiyow6'^da^ bamis aldak'sa^mskm; 
 
 earth where it sky where it is set down, sky he bumped his head 
 
 is set, against it; 
 
 ga ganku yo"k!a^ ya* ts!el nagd'^. Hinwadk gw^ldi. 
 
 that in his bones just rattling they did. Up river finished. 
 
 Ba^bi^t' le^p'lap'. 
 
 Your gather them, 
 bao^'-seeds 
 
 Translation.'' 
 
 Houses there were, Coyote and his cousin Fox, and one 
 daughter of Coyote. Fox went out to hunt; quails flew up 
 and lit in the woods, he shot at them, and many he killed. 
 In the evening he returned, brought the quails home. Coyote's 
 
 '•i. e., in the east. See Sapir "Religious Ideas of the Takelma Indians" 
 (Journal of American Folk-Lore, Vol. xx, No. 76), p. 36, footnote. 
 
 ^ The first part of this myth, the story of the unsuccessful imitation of Fox by 
 Coyote, is probably Californian in origin. In the cognate Hat Creek myth the inci- 
 dents are brought into loose connection with the conflict between the creator Silver- 
 Fox and Coyote at the time of the creation. Compare Dixon, Achomawi and Atsugewi 
 Tales, Journal of American Folk-Lore, Vol. 21, pp. 171-74. The incidents in con- 
 nection with the quails (or grouse) and yellow-jackets occur also in a Yana myth 
 obtained by Dr. Dixon. The second part of the Takelma myth, the revenge of 
 Coyote in causing his rival Fox to grow up with a fir while climbing for an eyrie, is 
 found, e. g., in Klamath (see Gatschet in Contributions to North American Ethnology, 
 Vol. II, Part I, pp. 94-5, 100) and Wasco (see Curtin in Sapir, Wishram Texts, pp. 
 264-66). 
 
80 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 daughter was playing in front of the house. Now, 'tis said, 
 Fox returned, carried many quails on his back. "O father. 
 Fox has brought many quails home." — " Squirrel-tongued, 
 ask him, well, in what way he did get them," said Coyote. 
 Next door she ran. "My father says to you, 'In what way did 
 you get them?' " she said. "In what way did I get them? 
 They flew up together into the woods, and underneath them I 
 set fire to the woods. Then I lay down under them belly up, 
 and on my breast they dropped down dead one after another. 
 In that way I killed them," Fox said. Next door returned 
 the little girl. " 'In the brush I was walking about at random, 
 and quails flew up and lit, and thereupon I set fire to the woods 
 underneath,' " she said. " 'Then I lay down under them belly 
 up,' " she said. " 'And on my breast they dropped down 
 dead one after another. In that way I killed them.' That, 
 father, did Fox, for his part, say." — "S'ehehehe!" he laughed 
 at him. "He even has a little heart, but as for me, my heart 
 is big," he said. 
 
 Then the next day came. Then, 'tis said. Coyote went 
 out to hunt, and just the same he did. The quails all flew up 
 together; to the woods he set flre underneath, then under them 
 he lay down belly up, and fragments of fire dropped down 
 on his breast one after another. And one (quail) dropped 
 down on his breast. Coyote now was dead. Then the ants 
 indeed did find him now, and bit him. ~"C%! slim-waisted 
 ants! When I, as it seems, was sleeping a short while ago, 
 why did they wake me up?" he said. Now he was restored 
 to life. In the evening he returned, one (quail) he brought 
 home. 
 
 Then the next day now Fox went out to hunt again. And 
 then in the evening he came back again, brought home a 
 bear. "Father, Fox has brought home a bear," said the little 
 girl. Coyote's daughter. "Squirrel-tongued, go and ask him 
 by doing what he killed him." Next door she ran. "My 
 father says to you, 'By doing what did you kill him?'" — "By 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKBLMA TEXTS. 81 
 
 doing what did I kill him? In the k'.a^t'-bushes I was walking 
 about at random. Then ' + , ' he said to me. ' Go ahead and 
 swallow me!' I said to him, 'go ahead and swallow me! Do not 
 spill even a drop of my blood!' I said to him. Thereupon he 
 just swallowed me. Then I was sitting inside of him; now his 
 heart was swinging, off I cut his heart. Then out through his 
 anus I went out again," he said. " Se%ehehehe! He's a coward, 
 but as for me, my heart is brave, I am a man," Coyote indeed 
 said that. 
 
 The next day came and now he, in his turn, went off to 
 hunt. Then Coyote, 'tis said, was out hunting, and just that 
 did hQ do, in what way Fox had told him. Then, 'tis said, 
 (the bear) jtimped out of his house, "H^"^!" — "Go ahead and 
 swallow me ! go ahead and swallow me ! Do not spill my blood ! ' ' 
 Now he swallowed him; Coyote was swallowed. Grizzly Bear did 
 so. Inside of him he was sitting. Now the bear's heart he 
 saw, dangling; now Coyote cut off his heart and killed the bear, 
 'tis said. And then he tore through his ribs with his knife. 
 Now he had killed the bear, and home he returned, and in the 
 evening Coyote brought the bear home. 
 
 And when it dawned, then again Fox went out to hunt, and 
 in the evening he returned. " He+ ! father. Fox has brought 
 home many yellow- jackets. "^ — " Squirrel-tongued, ask of him, 
 'How did you get them?' " Next door she ran. " 'How did you 
 get them?' says my father to you." — "How did I get them? 
 I set fire to them in the earth. Thereupon the yellow-jackets 
 everywhere swarmed up, I dug them out. Then with my penis 
 I squashed them all, ' ' he said. Next door she went back. 
 "Father, 'I set fire to them in the earth,' he said," Squirrel- 
 tongued related to her father. " Father, ' I set them on fire in 
 the earth,' he said. 'Thereupon the yellow- jackets swarmed 
 up, then I dug them out, and then I squashed them all with 
 my penis,'" she said. "C^ehehehe! He, for his part, has 
 
 ' The round plate-like masses of larvae are referred to. They were considered a 
 particularly great delicacy. 
 
83 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 a small penis, but as for me, I have a big one with me," 
 he said. 
 
 The next day came, and just then Coyote again in his turn 
 set fire to them in the earth. Then, 'tis said, the yellow- jackets 
 swarmed up from every side; he dug them out, and all the 
 yellow- jackets he squashed with his penis ; now they stung him. 
 One nest he dug out. And he died, and again now the ants bit 
 him. "S'%! they have waked me up, when, as it seems, I was 
 sleeping a little while ago," he said. One (nest) he brought 
 home. Just in this way he always killed one, then always 
 died. 
 
 Now next day again Fox went out to hunt. Then salmon 
 indeed he brought home in the evening. And again "Ah! 
 father, many salmon has he brought home out of the water," 
 said (Coyote's daughter). " Squirrel- tongued, go and ask him, 
 'How did you get them?' find out from him. " And next door 
 she ran. " My father says to you, 'How did you get them?' " — 
 " How did I get them? I twisted a hazel switch, and then made 
 it sharp at one end. Then a rock acorn-mortar I placed in back 
 of my neck. Into the deep water I jumped, and salmon I 
 strung," he said. "S'ehehehe! Truly my heart is big, but 
 his heart is little, ' ' he said. 
 
 The next day came and to the water he went. A hazel 
 switch he cut off, then twisted it. Then a rock acorn-mortar he 
 took, and in back of his own neck he placed it. Into the water 
 he jumped, followed the salmon, pursued them, caught one. 
 Now he died and floated ; now Coyote was dead, and just drifted 
 dead to shore among the driftwood. Now the ants bit him. 
 "S'%! slim-waisted ants! When I was sleeping, as it seems, 
 just a little while ago, s-they woke me up!" he said. Now he 
 returned home in the evening, and brought home a single 
 salmon. 
 
 Then again it dawned; when the next day came, then 
 again Fox went off, went now to people to get food. Then, 
 'tis said, the evening came, and Fox returned, a burden basket 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 83 
 
 full of dried salmon he carried on his back. " e+ ! father, 
 Fox is earring on his back a burden basket full of salmon, " said 
 (Coyote's daughter). " Squirrel-tongued, 'How did you get 
 them?' ask of him." Next door ran the little girl. Coyote's 
 daughter. " My father says to you, 'How did you get them? ' ' — 
 "How did I get them? Down stream from the house children 
 were earring about salmon-heads in basket-plates. I took them 
 away from them, whipped them with a stick, " he said. " When 
 I had gone into the house, I whipped the women with the stick, ' ' 
 he said. Then Squirrel-tongued, " Father, he said, 'AH the 
 children were earring about salmon-heads on basket-plates, 
 and I whipped them with a stick, ' ' ' did Squirrel-tongued tell her 
 father. " S'ehehehe! he is even a coward, but as for me, I am 
 a man," he said. 
 
 Then, when the next day came, then he did go in his turn. 
 And down stream from the house children were earring about 
 salmon-heads in basket-plates; he whipped them with a stick, 
 and entered the house with them to the women. "He+ ! 
 you there, what are you doing? Only yesterday Fox came to 
 beg for salmon indeed, and we sent him away with some," 
 (said the women). "S-what are you saying, O mothers? What 
 are you saying?" — "Many things indeed did Fox, for his part, 
 shoot with arrows, and the bear he killed. He wishes you to 
 die. The yellow- jackets he smoked out, and the salmon he 
 speared," they said to him, now he was told. " 'S-that's what 
 I did,' he said to me, O mothers!" he said. And then salmon 
 he was provided with, with a full burden basket he was sent 
 away. Now off he went. 
 
 Then up stream from the house he proceeded. Now, 
 'tis said, his own excrements he asked, "S-what shall I do?" 
 and they told him. Now, 'tis said, an eagle's nest with its 
 young ones he made, and the eagle's young ones looked out 
 from the eyrie. Then down he put the burden basket and went 
 next door. "O s-cousin! right near by here is an eyrie with 
 young ones, as you, for your part, are always making arrows," 
 
84 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 he said; cousin they called each other. "Where?" — "Right 
 around here up stream is an eyrie, and its young ones are look- 
 ing out." There Fox went, and also Coyote went there, showed 
 it to him. Now, 'tis said. Fox climbed for the eagle's yoting 
 ones. Now then Coyote was standing there, (and said to the 
 tree,) "P' + ! grow up with him!" and up the fir tree grew. 
 Now Fox forgot himself and it struck against the sky. Then, 
 'tis said, the fir tree bent, and down to earth he returned with 
 it, and in the ocean down he fell. Therein his bones did rattle, 
 just that became of Fox. 
 
 Mudcat picked up the bones of Fox. Then, 'tis said, she 
 placed them in the sweat-house. "Tomorrow early in the 
 morning 'Open the door for me, paternal aunt!' that shall you 
 say to me. ' ' Then at the door Mudcat was sitting early in the 
 morning, when not yet was the earth lit up. Then Fox did say 
 to her, "Paternal aunt, open the door for me!" Now she opened 
 the door, and out he went; again a person he became, as long 
 before he had been. Now Fox was restored to life. 
 
 Off yonder at home Coyote used to set traps for gophers, 
 all by himself. The evening always came, then he used to make 
 the rounds of them where he had set his traps, whenever the 
 evening came. Then, 'tis said, a long time elapsed. Then, 
 when some time had passed, again indeed he coimted the gophers, 
 counted how many he had killed. Now, 'tis said, the evening 
 came, and he was sitting, was counting theiti. Then Coyote 
 heard a chirping noise, it was Fox that did so. "Ah! what 
 said that?" he said. Again he heard a chirping noise ; he looked 
 around, there was something just reddish like a glow of fire.' 
 Now all the gophers he threw away, and off he rushed. 
 
 Now he ran, rested, took breath. Again, 'tis said, he heard 
 a chirping noise ; he looked around, again there was something 
 like a fire. And again he rushed off, he ran. How long did 
 he not run? And again he rested, then again he took breath. 
 
 ' The glow was caused by the glare of Fox's reddish eyes. 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 85 
 
 Again, 'tis said, he heard a chirping noise; again he rushed off, 
 he ran. How long did he not run? Now again he rested, he 
 took breath. And again he heard a chirping noise. How 
 often did he not hear a chirping noise? Now he rushed off, he 
 ran. Then, 'tis said, he rested again, he took breath. And 
 again he heard a chirping noise; he looked around, again there 
 was something like a glow of fire. Now he rushed off, he ran. 
 Way off to the east where the earth is set, where the sky comes 
 down to meet it, there against the sky he bumped his head. 
 In that place his bones just rattled. Up river 'tis finished 
 Go gather and eat your ba^p'-seeds. 
 
86 anthropological pub. univ. of pa. museum, vol. ii. 
 
 6. Coyote and Pitch.' 
 
 Wili' yow5« sgisi waxadil dabalnixa alhi^uyu'hix. Ganehi^ 
 be mu"^xdkn la'^lit'a^ gane "D61hi^ dolhi, nek' ^aHt'be^^xda^?"' 
 ney^^hil "Sgisi dasgdxit' da^molhit' itc!6p'al," naganhi^ 
 Da'^sgek'.i. "Nek'di dexeb^^n?" nagd-ihi« sgisi. "Dasgaxif 
 itc!6p'al snixayilt',"^ nag^nhil "Sk'^i naga-it'?"—" Sgisi 
 dasgdxit' da^molhe^t' snlxayilt'."— " S^bfepM s'k'di naga-it'? 
 HopIfe'Wk xamfxa aPit'beg6xade^da^ tclelei dinda ya" lane\" = 
 —"Delhi dolhi, nek' Salit'b6«Sxda«?"— " S'k'adi s^naga-it'? 
 Hoplfe'^n xami'xa «aPit'begexade"da« tclelei dinda la*le\" 
 Nagasa^nhi=, la^malsa^n. "Dolhi dolhi, nek' %lit'be^xda^ "— 
 "S'k'di nagait'?" 
 
 Mi' aHt'bd^k', mi'' it lanahin sgisi. "S-gwidi s'na^naga-it' ? 
 is-t!en6hisdam."»— "Nek' ^aPifbe^^xda^ dayawdntlixi ^ti'x, 
 s-nixayilt'?" nag^nhil La^malan. "S'k'ai ga^al di istlene- 
 hisdam?""— "S-yanMa^it'am. S'nek' als'alt'be^xda^? S-dolhi 
 dolhi, s-nixayilt'," nagdnhil Mi' hono^ alsalt'ba^k'. "Dolhi 
 dolhi."— "S-gwidi na^nagalt'?" Als-alt'bd"k'. "Dolhi dolhi, 
 nek gwelx dayaw^ntlixi als'alwat'be^^xink'?" Hono^ als"al- 
 t'b^^k'. 
 
 "Ddlhi dolhi, sgisi dasgaxif da^molhit' itc'.op'al s'nixayilt'," 
 naganhi^ " D61hi dolhi, nek' aldks'ixdagwa wa xa^sgu"^sink' ?" 
 — "S-bfep'! s'k'ddi naga-it'? S^mi' di lohdgulugwkt', gas'i^ 
 ga^al ga naga-it'?" nagdnhil "Dolhi dolhi, mi' nek' aMk- 
 s'ixdagwa wk xa^sgu"^sink'?" — "S'bfep'! s'k'adi 's-nagulug^vat', 
 
 ' This version of the "tar-baby" story is strangely like an African tale given by 
 Ellis (The E'we-speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast of West Africa, p. 277), but the 
 decidedly idiomatic and allusive character of the Indian text proves it beyond doubt 
 to be entirely aboriginal. A rather close parallel is found in the Yana tale of Coyote 
 and the Stump obtained by Dr Dixon. The "tar-baby'' story is also fou.nd -n-idely 
 distributed in the Southeast of the United States. 
 
 '^This word seems to have no particular significance. It is used in mocking. 
 
 'The literal translation would be "who you-will-hit-me ?" 
 
e. sapir — takelma texts. 87 
 
 6. Coyote and Pitch. ^ 
 
 There was a house; Coyote and his younger brother, 
 'tis said, for a long time were wont to hunt. Then once when 
 a certain day came, then, 'tis said, some one said, "D61hi^ dolhi, 
 who's going to hit me?' Sharp-mouthed Coyote, red-eared, 
 sharp-clawed!" he was called. He listened. "Who's saying 
 that?" said Coyote. "Sharp-mouthed, red-eared, s-cuni^ matre 
 copulans!" — "S'b^p'! s-what are you saying? Long ago, 
 indeed, when I was hitting people by the ocean, his eye landed 
 right behind him. "^ — "Dolhi dolhi, who's going to hit me?" — 
 "S-what s-do you say? Long ago when I was hitting people by 
 the ocean, his eye landed behind him." Thus they spoke to 
 each other, quarreled with each other. ' ' Dolhi dolhi, who 's 
 going to hit me?" — "S-what are you saying?" 
 
 Now he hit (Pitch), and Coyote's hand was held fast. 
 "S-what are you doing? S-you have held my hand fast." — 
 "Who's going to hit me with his left hand, s-cum matre 
 copulans?" (Coyote) was told, was quarreled with. "S-what 
 are you s-holding my hand fast for?" — " S-you 're stuck!' 
 S-who's going to kick me? S 'dolhi dolhi, s-cum matre copu- 
 lans!" he was told. And this time (Coyote) kicked him. 
 "Dolhi dolhi."— "S-what are you doing?" He kicked him. 
 "Dolhi dolhi, somebody is going to kick me with his left leg!" 
 Again he kicked him. 
 
 "Dolhi dolhi, sharp-mouthed Coyote, red-eared, sharp- 
 clawed, s-cum matre copulans!" he was called. " Ddlhi dolhi, 
 somebody's going to cut me with his tail." — "S'bepM s-what 
 are you saying? S-do you expect to die now, so that for that 
 reason you say that?" (Pitch) was told. "Dolhi dolhi, now 
 somebody's going to cut me with his tail!" — "S'bep'! s-what 
 
 *The 5- is not an integral part of the word, but is the familiar "Coyote .prefix." 
 
 " In other words, "I gave him such a blow in the face that I pushed his eye clear 
 through his head." Coyote boasts of his prowess. 
 
 ° Observe that the meaningless "Coyote prefix" i'- is here prefixed directly to 
 the verb stem, not to the instrumental prefix i-. There seems to be no definite rule 
 in the matter. Contrast s'^ik'we'xi (p. 74, 1. 5). 
 
 ' Uncertain. {,s')yan does not otherwise occur; perhaps it is a mishearing. 
 
88 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 s-lohdk'diguluwkt'?" nagdnhil " Ddlhi dolhi, sgisi dasgdxit' 
 hadanxmolhit'," nag^nhil " D61hi dolhi, nek' yexda^ d^xdagwa 
 wk?"— "S-k'adis-naga-if? Hoplfe'^n xami'xa yap!a yegwe- 
 gwdndas loh6'^" nagdnhil Mi' yegw^k"', mi' tlomoman sgisi. 
 
 "Gew6 + *k!ewe*!"* waxas'i^ abki. Mi' 6pxa ^ani^ yewe'l 
 "Gwidi na^nagd-ida^ An¥ yewe'«? Tlomoman wi's; k'ai ga^l 
 di &n^ yew6'^" nagd-ihi^ waxa. Wi4n we'gia-uda^ mi' y^^ 
 Mi' s-al^o"ddn, mi' o't' 6pxa. Gi'wa^hi baxamda^ mi' da^agkn, 
 "Gewl^klewe*!"— "Ga di haga nak'w6k? Mi' wi'is ak!a 
 tlomoman," naga-ihi^ sgisi klwalt'a^. 
 
 "Gewe«k!ewe! sgisi dasgaxit'."— "Ga di haga nak'w6k'?" 
 — "Gewe^klewe^!" Ganehi^ mi' p!i' gelfek', mi' p!i' datlagal 
 sgisi kIwAlt'a*. Mi' p!i' w^^'da klwa? ginik""; mi' 6pxa igi'na. 
 "W6k'dik!"— "Wo'k'dixa yuk'na« ga%l di haga do^mk'?"— 
 "Wdk'dik!" Mi' opxa hd^'gwidik'", mi' «alp!i'tc!ulo"k'i k!wal\ 
 Mi' tlomo^m. 
 
 Ganehi^ 6pxa% k'o^px k'aldk'alhi. Mi' ba^ewen; mi' 
 hono^ abaiyewe'^ hawillt'gwan. Mi' hono^ yap!a la*le^ sgisi, 
 mi' ba°yew6'^; ulums'i^ tlomomdn. Gana^nex yap!a do"mdkmk' 
 k!wal\ 
 
 ' This is no normal verb form, but an exclamatory formation on the aorist stem 
 gewek/aw-, " to tie (a salmon) in bowstring fashion" (see Sapir, " Notes on the 
 Takelma Indians," American Anthropologist, N. S., Vol. 9, p. 272, footnote 2). The 
 idea implied by Pitch is that Coyote is stuck to him as is a salmon to the string by 
 which it is carried. For another exclamatory verb form showing abnormal redupli- 
 cation, see p. 25, 1. 7 (sgilbibi + ix). 
 
E. SAPIB — TAKELMA TEXTS. 89 
 
 s-do you intend to do, s-do you intend to die?" he was told. 
 (Coyote lashed Pitch with his tail; it stuck.) "Ddlhi dolhi, 
 sharp-mouthed Coyote, red in his ear!" (Coyote) was called. 
 " D61hi dolhi, who's going to bite me with his mouth?" — 
 "S-what s-are you saying? Long ago by the ocean when I 
 bit a person, he died," (Pitch) was told. Now he bit him; now 
 Coyote was killed. 
 
 "Gewe + *k!ewe^!"' (exclaimed Pitch), while (Coyote's) 
 younger brother was in the house. Now his elder brother did 
 not return. "What's happening to him, that he does not return? 
 He must have been killed. For what reason does he not return ? ' ' 
 said his younger brother. Now when the next dawn came, off 
 he went. Now he went to look for him, hunted now for his elder 
 brother. When he came to yet some distance off, then he heard 
 him, " Gewe*k!ewe^!" — "So then it is that one that did so to 
 him? Now indeed he has been killed, I guess," said Coyote 
 the younger. 
 
 "Gewe^klewe! sharp-mouthed Coyote!" — "So then it is 
 that one that did so to him?" — "Gewe^klewe''!" Now then he 
 drilled for fire. Coyote the younger now did build a fire. And 
 the fire he took with him to Pitch, and his elder brother he took 
 hold of. "O cousin!" said (Pitch). "Being his cousin, it 
 seems, therefore you killed him?" — "O cousin!" Now his elder 
 brother he threw to one side, and he set fire to Pitch. Now 
 he killed him. 
 
 Then, 'tis said, ashes over his elder brother he rolled. Now 
 he restored him to life, and again they returned home into their 
 house. Now again had Coyote become a person, now he had 
 revived, but before he had been killed. It is in that way that 
 Pitch was wont to kill people. 
 
90 anthropological pub. univ. of pa. museum, vol. ii. 
 
 7. Coyote in a Hollow Tree.^ 
 
 Wili' yow6^ sgisihi wit' a'k'da^x; lop!odia"^ nox lop!6t'. 
 Ganehi« hono^ pla'shi lop!6t'; ganehi^ dn? dehi wok'. Mi' 
 suns la^e p'.d^s. Gane t'gunftk'i^^ gane yal hohok'wal ganau 
 ginisk'. "Des-ip'gwi'p',"nagahil Gane hono^ "Decip'gwi'p'," 
 nagdhi^ , d6hi^tc !ibip ' gwit ' . 
 
 Ganehi^ lep'nix ga ganku yowo^ Ganehi^ banx loho'^ ;' 
 gane an? yoklwoi gwi^nfe. Gane bo" nSxada^ gane mi' yap!a 
 yilim, mi' sgele''^ " De«ise"=xip' ! d,ndi nek' ge wit'? K'a-iwi« 
 tlomomdnda^ gasl^ gayawkt'p'. De^is-e^^xit'p'!" nagd-ihil 
 Ganehi^ bo" ngxada^ la^ifa^ gane mi'^s ge gini%' k!el6«s. 
 "Bak' bak' bak' bak' bak' bak'!" Gane plabkp' sgo^fhil 
 Gane bo" n6xada« mi' dagaxda^ dats'la^mx, gane "C^a! 
 s-dd-gaxdek' dats'lkmx." Mi' he^i'wan. 
 
 Mi' da^sgekli. Dabalnlxa la4e^ mi' hono^ sgele"*, "6+ 
 gwidi leme^xdap' ? Bo" wi's k'a-iwi'^ domk'i^ eit'e^ ga-iwdt'bal 
 Me^bep'xip'! de^is'e^xip'!" naga-ihi^ sgisi. A'n? nek' baxd^m. 
 Gane " Gwidi'+ lem6^xdap'? K'a-iwi'^ t!omomd,nda^ gas'i^ 
 gayawkt'p'," nagd,-ihil T!e*k'^ hono^ ge gini^k'; gane mi' 
 sg6"t'. " P!au p'.au p'.au p!au p!au p!au!" naga-ihi^ Ganehi^ 
 dabalnixa la^it'a^ gtoxwit'gwa ts'!d,mx k'.emfei. Gane " OA\ 
 da^s'tc'.fe'mxde^ dagdxdek' datc'.kmx." Mi' hono^ ts" linits" !anx, 
 mi' ha^^yewe'^ 
 
 Da^sgek'.i. Gane gwi'^ne la^it'a^ mi' hono^ sgel6"^ "S'gwidi 
 leme^xdap'? K'a-iwi'^ t'.omomdnda^ gas'i^ gayawat'p'," nagd,- 
 ihi^. An? n6k' dak'dahalk'wa. " S'gwidi' slemkliauk'?" 
 Gane "S'gwidi lem6^^xdap'? C^dndi mi'^s ge eit'p'?" nagd-ihi^. 
 Gane dn? k'ai yap!k. "S'gwidi' lemkliauk'?" akhi wa^himit'- 
 
 ' Compare Dixon, Maidu Myths, Bulletin of the American JMuscuni of Natural 
 History, Vol. XVII, pp. 90, 91. 
 ' = t' gunu^k' -hi' . 
 
e. sapir — takelma texts. 91 
 
 7. Coyote in a Hollow Tree.' 
 
 A house there was ; Coyote, indeed, was traveling about all 
 by himself. It was storming, rain was falling; and then also 
 snow, indeed, was falling. Then no further he got, now the 
 snow had become deep. Then he became cold, and into a hollow 
 pine he went. "Close up!" he said to it. Then again "Close 
 up!" he said to it, and, 'tis said, it closed up. 
 
 Then, 'tis said, all winter he was therein. Then, 'tis said, 
 he was hungry;^ now he did not know how long (he had been 
 there). Now after some little time then he called upon the 
 people, now he shouted, "Do you open up for me! Is not some- 
 one going about over there? Whenever I killed anything, then 
 you did eat of it. Do you open up for me!" he said. Then, 
 'tis said, after some little time had elapsed, then a certain 
 Woodpecker came there. "Bak' bak' bak' bak' bak' bak'!" 
 Now he chopped, cut out (a hole). Now after some little time 
 then (Coyote's) head ached, and "C^a! s-my head is aching," 
 (he said). Now he was left there. 
 
 Now he listened. A long time elapsed and again he shouted, 
 "Oh, whither have you all gone? If perchance I should kill 
 anything after a little while, you shall eat of it. Come here 
 and chop for me ! Open up for me ! ' ' said Coyote. No one came. 
 Then "Whither have you all gone? Whenever I kill anything, 
 then you eat of it," he said. This time Yellowhammer went 
 there, and now cut out (a hole). " P!au p!au p!au p!au p!au 
 p!au!" he said. Then for a long time he made his heart strong. 
 Then " C%! s-my ears are deafened, my head is aching!" (said 
 Coyote). Now he also was angry and flew off again. 
 
 He listened. Then, when a long time had elapsed, then 
 again he shouted, "S-whither have you all gone? Whenever 
 I kill anything, then you eat of it," he said. No one answered 
 him. "S-whither s-can they all have gone?" Then "S-whither 
 have you all gone? S-is not one of you there?" he said. And 
 
 3 Literally, "he hunger-died." Cf. baanx tlompuk'wa, "hunger killed him," i.e., 
 "he was hungry." 
 
93 ANTHEOPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 gwit'. "S-b6 + "! gwidi lemeklia"^?" Mi^ mi'^s ba-ik!iyi%', 
 mi' b^k'ba* ba-ik!iyi%'. Ganehi^ mi' sgut!u'xa^ "Bak' bak' 
 bak' bak' bak' bak'!" He«=ik'ap!dk'ap' mahmi. Guxwit'gwa 
 tsldmx klem^; mi' damaMi la^eN he^nihi ts" lini'ts" !anx. 
 "S-^d! cd^gaxdek' datsMkmx," nagd-ihi«. Mi' he«dd« yew6'«, 
 ts- lini'ts' !anx bdk'ba sgisi ga^kl. 
 
 Ganehi^ bo" hono^ hawi ci^uli bem ganku. Mi' hono« 
 sgele"^ "S-gwidi lem6Sxdap'? s-de^s-e^xip'!" nagd-ihi^ A'n? 
 nek' ba-ik!iyi^k'. Mi' bai^^owd^- "5+ mi' di s'amgikuk'?" 
 guxwi' datsla^mx. "Ge^nedi eme^ yijk'a^?" mi'hi^ nagd'^ gelhe- 
 wehana^ "Mi' di samdxa lap'k'?" Mi' hono^ sgeM"^, mi' 
 hono^ ^n? nek' ba-ik!iyi^k'. 
 
 "Mi' xa^sgd'^t'gwide^ sgut!tisgat'gwide^" nagd-ihi^ Mi' 
 bu^binixdagwa he"sg6"t', mi' ba-igwidik"'. Mi' hono« he*sg6"t' 
 dayawantlixi, mi' hono^ ba-igwidik'"^. Mi' hono^ gwebcdagwa 
 he"sg6"t', ba-igwidik"'; hono^ dayawdnt !ixi he*sg6"t', ba-igwi- 
 dik"'. Mi' hono^ gane gwa^'S'i'xdagwa ba-it!ixixi haVinit'gwa, 
 mi' ba-ik!uwu. Mi'hi^ mel sgisi gwa^'S'i' wSt'gigwa. "C^ai 
 me^yek"^ gwa^cixdek', c^alsgenhlt' ! gwa^cixd^k' me^yek"'." 
 Dagaxdagwa ba-igwidik"' ; mi' hono^ tsMelei wet'gigwa mel\ 
 "C%i tsMeleit'k' me^yek"'," naga-ihi^ sgisi; tsM^lei wet'gin, 
 mSl xeb^^n. Gane mi' tsM^'^ns igi'na, ts' leleit'gwa klemei. 
 He^nes'i'^ almi'^s ts' !el6it'gwa ganau yeweykk''" tsMe^ns. He^ne 
 gani "Almi'^s yfeii!" wa^'dixdagwa ga nagk. WaMixdagwa ga 
 na^nagk. 
 
 Gane yd^ banx t!om5k'wa. Mi' t'ga* haxaniya mi' 
 altlaykk'; mel6bc ganau gini%'. Ganehi^ biu ^aloMkn.^ Ganehi^ 
 biu mixklha p!ey6^ A'n? l6p'; gayau, gayau, gayau, gayau, 
 biQ. gayaH; hadedilt'a wit'. Ganehi^ t'ga* haxdt' mel^lx biu 
 
 ' Another species of woodpecker is referred to. 
 
E. SAPIK — TAKBLMA TEXTS. 93 
 
 there was no person at all. " S-whither can they all have 
 gone?" He himself did speak to himself. "S-be+"! Whither 
 have they all gone?" Now one did come, now big Woodpecker^ 
 came. Now then, 'tis said, he cut out (a hole). " Bak' bak' 
 bak' bak' bak' bak'!" Big pieces he chipped off. His heart 
 (Coyote) made strong. Now the hole became large, just then 
 he became angry. " S'^a! s-my head is aching!" he said. Now 
 way off he .flew back, big Woodpecker was angry with Coyote. 
 
 And again now he was still sitting in the tree, now again 
 he shouted, "S-whither have you all gone? s-open up for me!" 
 he said. No one came. Now he looked out. "Oh, has sum- 
 mer come already?" and his heart was sick. "Can I have 
 been here so long?" said he now, thinking. "Can it have become 
 summer already?" Again now he shouted, and again no one 
 came. 
 
 "Now I am going to cut myself up, I'll cut myseK to pieces," 
 he said. Now he cut off his arm and threw it out. And again 
 he cut off the left (arm) and threw it out again. Now again 
 his leg he cut off and threw it out; again the left (leg) he cut 
 off and threw it out. And now also his intestines he piilled out 
 from inside of himself and threw them out. Now, 'tis said. 
 Crow took away from Coyote his intestines. ' ' C^ai ! come back 
 with my intestines, s-black thing! Come back with my intes- 
 tines!" He threw out his own head; now also his eyes Crow 
 took away from him. "C^ai! come back with my eyes!" said 
 Coyote. Of his eyes he was deprived, 'twas Crow that did it. 
 And now wild-rose berries he took and made them his eyes. 
 And then he caused the wild-rose berries to come together in 
 his eyes. And then "Come back together!" that to his own 
 body he said. His body did that. 
 
 Then on he went and was hungry. Now he discovered 
 a field that had been burnt down, into a burnt-down field he 
 went. Then, 'tis said, he looked for grasshoppers^ and nume- 
 
 ' Fields were sometimes burnt down in order to get the grasshoppers, a favorite 
 food. 
 
94 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 mixdlha pleyel Ganehi^ bo" nexada^ mi' sgelewa'ldan, "Sgisi 
 dix6 + "s!i sgisi dix6 + "s!" nag4nhi^ fan ga nak'wok'. "Sfan 
 %lt!e"s-it', Idmx gamaxdi dayawdnt !ixi ga-iwd«s!" — "Sgisi 
 dix6 + "s! sgisi dix6 + "s!" nag^nhi^ ga nagaxk'wa fan. Sgisi 
 yA\ blu. lep'. "Sgisi dix6 + "s! sgisi dix6 + "s!" gd,nga ga 
 yaxa nagaik'wa. " S'f an ^altlu'^clf! ma^a Umx gamaxdi 
 dayawdntlixi ga-iw^«s!" nagdhi^ ha^wif. "Sgisi dix6 + "s!" 
 gangahi ga yaxa naga'^ fan. 
 
 Ganehi^ bo^ nexada^ " Sk'ddi naga?" gwenliwila"^. "a+ 
 gu'hok""' na^nfexsgd di nak'ik'?" nagd-ihil Ganehi^ mi' k'.wal 
 o'f , mi' k!wal t'.aykk'. Mi' alfeleplexlap', mi' hadi'fgwa 
 matslkk'. Ganehi^ he^ne hono^ lep' biu; gane lep' p!i gadal 
 wif. Mi' hono« "Sgisi diha+x! sgisi diha+x!"— "T'an 
 ^altlu'^s-if ! s-k'adi nagd'^?" ts" lini'ts' lanxhi^ sgisi. Ganehi^ mi' 
 d?f uwu'^k' gwenf liwiU""^ didelg^nf gwa. Mi' yaxa delgan 
 haxkk'. "Sgadi nak'ik'?" Mi' xamliiwili"^ "Haxiya sga"- 
 fdp'deS" nagd-i%is. Xa=-bobin y^* sgdn'ap'. "Haxiya 
 mi'Va sgd='fep'de^" nagd,-i%is. Mi' hax, loho'^ Gweldi; 
 ba^bi^f le^p'lap. 
 
 ' Coyote's intestines had been taken from him, hence the grasshoppers went right 
 through him. The word used in the text might also refer to the spilling of acorns 
 out of a hopper. 
 
E. SAME — TAKELMA TEXTS. 95 
 
 rous grasshoppers were lying about. He did nothing but pick 
 them up and eat, eat, eat, eat, eat grasshoppers ; everywhere he 
 went about. Then, 'tis said, there was a burnt-down field and 
 numerous grasshoppers were lying about. Then after a little 
 while someone shouted to him, "Coyote's anus is spilling!' 
 Coyote's anus is spilling!" he was told, Squirrel it was that said 
 that to him. "S-little-eyed Squirrel! half-eater of raw sun- 
 flower seeds!" — "Coyote's anus is spilling! Coyote's anus is 
 spilling!" he was told. Squirrel it was that said that to him. 
 Coyote went on, gathered and ate grasshoppers. "Coyote's 
 anus is spilling! Coyote's anus is spilling!" only that he kept 
 saying to him. "S-tiny-eyed Squirrel! half-eater, you for your 
 part, of raw sunflower seeds!" he said to him by way of 
 rejoinder. " Coyote's anus is spilling!" just only that Squirrel 
 kept saying. 
 
 Then, 'tis said, after a little while "S-what's he saying about 
 it?" (said Coyote and) looked behind him. "Ah! just like 
 something planted,^ s-is that what he means?" he said. Now 
 then, 'tis said, he hunted for pitch, and pitch he found. Now 
 he kneaded it up into a cake and put it into his anus. And 
 then again, 'tis said, he gathered and ate grasshoppers, gathered 
 them and walked about among the fragments of fire. Now 
 again "Coyote's anus is burning! Coyote's anus is burning!" — 
 "Tiny-eyed Squirrel! s-whats he saying?" Coyote was angry. 
 Now then he felt hot in his anus, back he looked behind his 
 buttocks. Now indeed his buttocks were burning. "S-is that 
 what he meant?" Now he ran to the water. "Into the water 
 I shall jump," he thought. Right among alder bushes he 
 jumped. " I intend to jump into the water," he had thought. 
 Now he burned up, he died. 'Tis finished. Go gather and 
 eat your ba^p'-seeds. 
 
 * A row of tobacco plants is meant. Tobacco was the only plant cultivated by 
 the Indians of Oregon. 
 
£ 
 
 96 antheopological pub. univ. of pa. museum, vol. ii. 
 
 8. Coyote Visits the Land of the Dead. 
 
 Will' yowb^; sgisi a'k'da^xi wiyiwi't'. Ganehi^ "Xilam 
 yap!a yank'^," ney^^hi^ gana^n^x yaxa da^enkk'^. Gangdhi 
 xilam yapi.a yank'^. Dabalnixa la^eV " K'adi nagkn, 'Xilam 
 yap!a yank"-,' ney6«da«? Ne« ge ginik'de^ Yap!a lohoida^ 
 ani« hono« m6^yewe'^ gasi« bo" 'Xilam yap!a yank'^,' ney6« 
 gi% 'Loll6'^' nagait'e^; an? mi' hon6^ meVit' lohdidaS" 
 nagd-ihi^ sgisi. 
 
 Mi' ya^ xilam gwa^Mm hat!ti"luk'; ya« gwisi^wd'k'di 
 xilam gwa^dm hat !u"liik' . Mi' tc lucumdldan ; ' dn? ge da'^yowo^ 
 tc!ucumaldanma^ ganga ydl Xilam tclucumalt'gwa, k'ai- 
 siV6'k'di, yal klegela-us'ixda"' k'wedei, wa^da gwidilha. 
 Ganga xilam gwa^'ldm ganku jA^; tclucumaldan yaxa. Ganehi^ 
 xilam hat'gd.*da wok'. "Mi' baxd^m sgisi da^molhe't'. 
 Gasalhi, «ei 6k'i! sgisi mi' ba-ik!iyi^'," naga-ihi^ xilkm. 
 Wu"lliam hoyodkk"^ xilkm; aga he^ne k'di gwala waklodo- 
 dinma^ gd,lii duk' dit'.iigui wak lododinma^ hop!e'% lohdida^ 
 Mi' p!l dat'.agai sgisi. "Gasd-lhi ^ei ok'i sgisi damolhe^t'," 
 naga-ihi^ xilkm. Mi' wa-iwi' ei ^ogoik'wa. 
 
 "H''+, mi' ba-igingadd^ alVaMide,"^ nagd-ihi sgisi wiyi- 
 mat' ml "Gasdlhi, gasdlhi, sgisi! ei ganau gink'!" — "H''+, 
 ba-igingadd^ alVa^dide," nagd-ihi^ sgisi. "Ganau gink' 
 gasdlhi ei!" — "H'^+, ba-igingadd,^ aPwa^dide," nagd-ihi^ sgisi. 
 Mi' ba-igini%' wa-iwi'. Dak't'ek!6xa^ sgisi, eme^ yd*hi s'ds" 
 naga'^ dibo"wi'da. " Gasdlhi, amd'! gasdlhi, ei ganau gink'," 
 nagdnhi^ sgisi, wa-iwi' dexeb^^n. Gane mi'hi^ p!i ba'yank''"; 
 mi' du"gi' ^alp!i'tc!ulu"^k'i wa-iwi'^a xilkm, dni* yap!k. Mi' 
 
 ' The sound characteristic of ghosts. See p. 78, note 2. 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 9'J' 
 
 8. Coyote Visits the Land of the Dead. 
 
 A house there was ; Coyote kept going about all by himself. 
 Then, 'tis said, "Ghosts are taking away people," they said, 
 thus he always heard. Just ghosts kept taking away people. 
 A long time elapsed. "What is meant when people say, 'Ghosts 
 are taking away people?' Well, I will go there. When people 
 die they are not again to return here, yet now people are say- 
 ing, 'Ghosts are taking away people.' I, however, say, 'They 
 are dead.' Not again now are they to come and travel about 
 when they have died," said Coyote. 
 
 Now off he went, the trail of the ghosts he followed; he 
 went I don't know where, followed in the trail of the ghosts. 
 Now someone made a chirping sound;' he did not give ear to 
 that when the chirping noise was made to him, but just went on. 
 The ghosts made a chirping noise to him, but something or 
 other he kept throwing at them, the fungus (?)of pine is its name. 
 In the trail of the ghosts he just went along, and a chirping 
 noise they kept making to him. Then, 'tis said, he arrived 
 in the land of the ghosts. "Now red-eared Coyote has come. 
 Quick, give him a canoe! Coyote now has come," said the 
 ghosts. The ghosts were dancing the menstrual dance. These, 
 with whatever things they had then been buried, just those 
 garments they wore, wherewith, when long ago they had died, 
 they had been buried. Now Coyote built a fire. "Quickly, 
 give red-eared Coyote a canoe," said the ghosts. Now a girl 
 did give to him a canoe. 
 
 "H^-l- , you shall come to shore to where I am, "^ said Coyote, 
 he now exercised his supernatural power upon her. "Quick, 
 quick. Coyote! come into the canoe!" — "H""-!-, you shall come to 
 shore to where I am," said Coyote. "Into the canoe quickly 
 come!" — "H""-l-, you shall come to shore to where I am," said 
 Coyote. Now the girl came to shore. Coyote was smoking; 
 right here she took her stand alongside of him. "Quick, come 
 on! quick, come into the canoe," Coyote was told, 'twas the 
 
 2 Literally, "to my body." 
 7 
 
98 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 du"gi' hax. Mi' xdmhiwili"^ ei ganku hansa^k'^; mi' ^aga hawi 
 wunham hoyoddk'^ xilam^k dalt'gwan w6bilik'" p!i. Mi' 
 ^aldatclulu^k' xilam du^gi', addt'wi^ wa^billk'^, mi' hono^ 
 aldatclulu^'. Ganehi^ xilam hax ^aldil. "D6 do do do do 
 do!'" nagd-ihi^ xilkm; sgisis'i^ hdnt'ada ci^uli, alxi'k' xilam 
 haxda^ 
 
 Gw?ne lane\ p !a-idi'hana% p!l. Xilam buc la^e^ sgisi 
 ga na^nagk, haxna. Ganehi^ "Smd, di k'ai ga^al yap!a yana- 
 gwada^? Mi' lohoykt'. Wede gana^n6x yiik' yap!a lohok'i^ 
 wede yanak""; lohd^t' gangk. Wede hono^ nek' alxi%'w6k' 
 yap!a loh6k'i^" nagd.-ihi^ sgisi. Mi' hinau yewe'^; xilam 
 he^pli'leme^k'i. 
 
 9. Coyote and the Origin of Death. 
 
 Xilam seb^t'^ ha'p'da loh6k'. Sgisidl^l no'tslat'gwan yuk'. 
 Gas'i^ nak'ik', "Laps yimixi ha'p'dek' lohoida^, laps yimixi," 
 nagd-ihi^ xilam sebfet'. "A'n? laps yi'misbi^n; gwidis'i^ yo^t' 
 xilkm yeuk'i^?" nagd-ihi^ sgisi. N6"s"i^ yewe'^ xilam sebfet', 
 k!od6t' ha'p'dagwa lohoida^ 
 
 Ganehi^ dabalnixa la^le^ mi' sgisi ha'p'da xilam la*le\ 
 mi' loh6'«- Mi' nd^s" gini^k' xilam sebet' wdMa. "Laps 
 yimixi ha^p'dfek' lohdidal"— " K'adl naga-it'?" xilam seb6t' 
 ga nagd'^ " Ho"xa% ma^a ga neg6s'dam 'Laps yimixi' 
 
 ' In a Yana theft of fire myth collected by the writer the practically identical dii 
 du du du du du occurs to indicate pain from contact with fire (see Sapir, Yana Texts, 
 University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology, note 
 50). Compare also the evidently identical Klamath tu tit tn (see Gatschet, op. cit., 
 p. 112), though here it indicates on the contrary pain from tingling cold. 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 99 
 
 girl that said so. Now then, 'tis said, he picked up a fragment 
 of fire; now he set fire to the skirt of the ghost girl, no person 
 she. Now her skirt burned. Then to the water she ran into the 
 canoe and paddled it across. Now these ghosts were still danc- 
 ing the menstrual dance, and among them she rushed with the 
 fire. Now she set fire to the garments of the ghosts; to every 
 one she rushed with (the fire), and again set fire to them. Then, 
 'tis said, all the ghosts were burning. "Do do do do do do!"^ 
 said the ghosts, while Coyote was sitting on the other side of the 
 water, was looking at the ghosts as they burned. 
 
 Some time elapsed and the fire ceased. The ghosts were 
 exterminated; Coyote did that, burned them. Then, 'tis said, 
 "S-for what reason are you going to take away people? Now 
 you have died. Not thus will it be when people die, they will 
 not take others with them; they will die for good. Not again 
 will any one see them, when people die," said Coyote. Now 
 up river he returned. The ghosts he had annihilated with fire. 
 
 g. Coyote and the Origin of Death. 
 
 The child of Roasting-dead-people^ died. He and Coyote 
 were neighbors to each other. Thereupon he said to him, 
 ' ' Lend me a blanket , for my child has died. Lend me a blanket , ' ' 
 said Roasting-dead-people. "I'll not lend you a blanket, for 
 where are they going to be, if dead people come back?" said 
 Coyote. And next door returned Roasting-dead-people, and 
 buried his child that had died. 
 
 Then, 'tis said, a long time elapsed. Now Coyote's child 
 became sick and died. Now next door he went to Roasting- 
 dead-people. "Lend me a blanket, for my child has died." — 
 "What did you say?" Roasting-dead-people said that. "Yes- 
 terday indeed when I did say to you, ' Lend me a blanket, ' 
 
 ' This is the name of a bug that could not be further identified. It was described 
 as all black, long-legged, and of about half an inch in length. The name is due, or 
 supposed to be due, to the fact that this insect was held responsible for the origin of 
 death. 
 
100 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 nagdsbinda^ 'Yap!a gwidi' y6«t' y6ilk'n' Mi' hawdxi"« 
 ha^p'dfek'," nagd-ihi^ xilam seb^t'. N6"s-i^ sgisi yewe'^ 
 "Sga'+" t'ag^l^ Ga ga^al b5" ^^n? yap!a yewe'^ lohdida^ 
 
 lo. Coyote Goes Courting. 
 
 Will' yow6^ sgisi a'k'da^x t'i's lok!61ha be^vi^ Dev^enxa 
 lamt'a^ hon6« t'l's 16"k' ; dn? k'di yap!a, a'k'da^xi; dahoxa 
 liwilhak'^. Ganehi^ hono^ wi^in we"gia-uda^ t'i's loklolha; 
 gw?n6 di wede t'i's 16"^k' be^vl^ Dewenxa la^ifa^ hon6« 
 t'i's 16"k'. Ganehi^ dahoxa lane\ t'i's man mixal halo- 
 ho"nand^.' 
 
 Mi' k'ai da'^agkn wu'"lham hoyodagwkn; mi' dasgekli'. 
 Ganehi^ "S'^A! gwidi wd'^lham hoyodagwkn?" naga-ihi^ sgisi. 
 Mi' daUlaydk' wvi*'lham hoyodagwdnmal "C^^! ge ginik'de^" 
 Mi'hi^ yd^ t'i's he^kliiwu. Mi' h6^k', hu"lint'; s-asim dd^sgek!i\ 
 Ganehi^ mi' hono^ he^bili"^ h6^k'. Ganehi^ mi' hono^ Hgint', 
 hdwi wu"lham hoyodagwan da%l. Ganehi^ "A'! eme^ mi'^wa 
 wu"lham hoyodagwd.n. " Ge wok', dn? k'ai y^p'.a. "Sgeme^di 
 aga^d hoidikuk'?" nag^-ihi^, a'k'i wahimit'gwit'. %li da%l 
 wii"lham hoididuk'i^ na^nagd'l " Eme^ mi'Va hinwadk." Mi' 
 hono^ h6^k', gw?n6 di wede h6k'; da^dl hoididuk'i^ na^nagd'^. 
 Ganehi^ hon6^ he«bili"^ ho^k'. 
 
 T'ga'' k'wed^i p luwii'^a-uk' , " Ge mi'Va hoyodid'^," 
 nag^-ihi^ sgisi. Ganehi^ hon6^ he^bili"^, gw?n6 di wede h5k'; 
 
 'Literally, "that he had caused them to die-in.' 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. IQl 
 
 you, for your part, did say that to me, 'Where will the people 
 be, if they return?' Now my child is rotting," said Roasting- 
 dead-people. So next door Coyote returned. " Sga+ !" he 
 cried. For that reason people do not nowadays return when 
 they die. 
 
 lo. Coyote Goes Courting. 
 
 A house there was; every day Coyote used to set traps 
 for gophers all by himself. When the next day came, again 
 he set traps for gophers. There were no people there, he was 
 all alone; in the evening he always brought home (the gophers). 
 Then again, when the next dawn came, he always set his traps 
 for gophers. How long did he not set his traps for gophers 
 every day? When the next day came, again he set his traps 
 for gophers. Then the evening came, and how many gophers 
 he had trapped^ he counted. 
 
 Now something he heard, the menstrual dance was being 
 danced. Now he listened. Then, 'tis said, "S'%! where is the 
 menstrual dance being danced?" said Coyote. Now he heard 
 the menstrual dance being danced. "C^d,! there I'll go. " Now 
 off he went, threw away the gophers. Now he ran, was tired, 
 stood still, listened. Now then again he rushed off, he ran. 
 Now then, 'tis said, again he rested, still the menstrual dance 
 was danced (as though) near at hand. Then, 'tis said, "AM 
 probably here the menstrual dance is being danced. ' ' There he 
 arrived, but there were no people. " S-where can these be 
 dancing ? " he said, he himself did speak to himself. Right here 
 near by it was as though they were dancing the menstrual dance. 
 " Here up river it probably is. " Now again he ran. How long 
 did he not run? As though they were dancing near by it was. 
 Then off again he rushed, he ran. 
 
 The name of the land he always named, " There they must 
 be dancing, ' ' said Coyote. Then off again he rushed. How 
 long did he not run? He was tired, and always rested. When- 
 ever they sang, it was as though right at hand. Then again he 
 
102 ANTHEOPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 hu"lint', ligilagknt'. Ganga helelid,-uda^ ali' nd^nagd'^. Ganehi^ 
 hond^ yd,^ he^bili"^ gw?ne di wede yankk'. " Sgeme^di aga^a 
 wu"lham hoyodagwdn?" nagd,-ihil Da^sgekleiha. Ganehi^ 
 "S'^d,! em6^ hinwada mi'^wa," agds'i^ gwent'ga^bok'danda 
 wu."lham hoyodagwdn. Mi' hono^ ge hiwili"S gw?ne di wede 
 hbk'. Ganehi^ gwi'^ne la4e\ mi* hu"lint'; ge^ yd,^hi da^ol la4e' 
 wu"lham hoyodagwdnmal Mi' hond^ h6^k'. Ganehi^ s'as'ini, 
 hu"lint', da^'sgekli. Ganehi^ mi' ge wok'. 
 
 A+ wa-iwi' neye^da^' wu^lham hoyodkk'"", k'di gwala 
 wa-iwi* — bfelp', hd-^k'a^, tsMd'^s', tsMama^l, lap'am; k'di nak!a 
 di ^d,n? wti''lliam hoyodkk''^? K'di gwalk s'as'ini. Sgisi mi' 
 wok' ; alxik !ixa^ wti"lham hoyodagwd,nma^. Ganehi^ mi'%ga^ 
 wa-iwi' da^a'na-u k'd,i gwala du"gwi' dltlugui, tclele^m. "S^a! 
 s'ga ge ^igi'^nan," nagd-ihi^. Ganehi^ ganau gini^k', ga ya*hi 
 ^i't!aut!au iu'xda da^a'na-u wa-iwi'. "Gane ba-im^sga he^l, 
 ba-imdsga!" da^d,na-u wa-iwi' ga nagan. 
 
 Ganehi^ bd-imats!kk', 
 
 11^ ^ ^ I ^ nn IT [ '^^ ^ h I "^ r"?-i I "7 II 
 
 ^ S 4 4^4 4. m 4\ 4 • \ 4 4 4^4 4 4 4 ^ 4 : \\ 
 
 "K!i-xin-hi' geP-wi-liu-t'e + ^ k!i-xin-hi gel^-wi-liu-t'e+," 
 naga-ihi^. 
 
 * 4 4 4 4^444 4 4 H 
 
 " Di'-t'bo"-k !dlx-de^ al-t'wa-p !d-t'wap'-na«n, " 
 nagd-ihi^ lap'am hel61dal 
 
 n^j^'T' ^|'^^^'^ ^|'^ ^'7' rl 
 
 J 4 4 4^4*4 4^4^4 J I 
 
 "Da-bo-k!op'-na^n dl-k !a-las-na^n gwel-sal-t !ees-na^n ' 
 
 : J I m j=. II 
 
 la-p'am-hi ^o-cu ^o-cu," 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 103 
 
 went, rushed off. How long did he not go? "S- where is this 
 menstrual dance being danced?" he said. He kept listening. 
 Then, 'tis said, " S'^a! probably here up river it is, " (he thought), 
 and indeed the menstrual dance was being danced in the east. 
 Now again he ran there. How long did he not run ? Then some 
 time elapsed, and he was tired. Right close to that place he got 
 where the dance was being danced. Now again he ran. Then, 
 'tis said, he stood still, was tired, listened. Now then there he- 
 ar rived. 
 
 Ah, girls in great number were dancing the menstrual 
 dance, many kinds of girls — Swan, Goose, Blue jay. Mouse, Frog. 
 What kind did not dance the menstrual dance? Many kinds 
 were standing there. Now Coyote did arrive; he looked on 
 while the menstrual dance was being danced. Then, 'tis said, 
 one girl, a chieftainess, did wear many sorts of garments, (her 
 shells) did rattle. "S^a! s-that one there I'll take," he said. 
 Then among them he went, the hand of just that one he seized, 
 the chieftainess girl. "Now begin the song, begin it!" That 
 the chieftainess girl was told. 
 
 Then, 'tis said, she began it, 
 
 "Klixinhi, I walk about strutting out my breast! 
 Klixinhi, I walk about strutting out my breast!" 
 
 she said. 
 
 "Many warts I have on my back, with my eyes I blink," 
 said Frog as she sang. 
 
 " I bubble under the water, in my rump I am lean, 
 no fat have I in my legs and feet. 
 Frog indeed, ^ocu ^ocu, ' ' 
 
 ^neyeeda^ is morphologically the subordinate form of ne^y^' , the impersonal 
 aorist of nagai- : na- "to say, do." It is frequently idiomatically used to mean "in 
 great number, many." 
 
 2 No definite meaning could be assigned to this word. 
 
 'The normal form of this word is gePwiliui'e^ , but by a song license the gram- 
 matically important glottal catch of the last syllable is here eliminated. 
 
 * So heard for gwelsaltleyisna^n. 
 
104 ANTHEOPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 nagd-ihi^ lap'am; ak'i ga nagaik'wit'. Ganehi^ a'k^a gana^n6x 
 hel6¥, 
 
 "«iis-i «tis-i,i «tis-i ^lis-i, ^Hs'i ^lis-i," 
 
 dayawdnt lixihi yonon. 
 
 Ganehi^ k'^i gwala hel^l^ " Mds'i^ ba-im^sga!" tsMa^' 
 ga nagkn. Ganehi^ h.el6V tsMd'^s', 
 
 ^ J J S ^ ^ J ' S J ' ii S ^^'ll 
 
 "Tc!ai-tc!i-a^ gwa-tca gwa-tca, tc!ai-tc!l-a gwa-tca gwa-tca. " 
 
 Ganehi^ mi' hon6^ "Md,s'i^ ba-imd,sga, " nagkn ml'^s hono^ 
 wa-iwi' tsMamal. Ganehi^ mi' b^..imats!ak', 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 ^ ^^ B I r I h 1^ H I ^ II 
 
 J S S 4 S \ S 4 4 4 S 11 
 
 ' ' Be-be-bi-ni-bi-a ' be-be-bi-ni-bi-a. ' ' 
 Gana%ex hel^l^ tslamal; sglsi a'k!a dayawdnt !ixi heleP, 
 
 " S'be-be-bi-ni s'be-be-bi-ni s'be-be-bi-ni s'be-be-bi-ni. " 
 
 Ganehi^ " Mas'i^ ba-imd.sga!" ga nagasa^n a'ihi. Ganehi^ 
 ba-imats!kk' bePp', 
 
 E^5-^— ■— • — " — «— El * r F - ~~y * F^ — ^^« — « •— It f' « — « — <«— J 
 
 EP5Eb=^— tr-^Est=^=tr=trfb;==^=i:r.=:^ r a ; i ^^-"7=^ 
 
 "Be-lel-do^ wain-ha,^ be-lel- do wain-ha, be-lel-do wain-ha, be-lel-do wain-ha," 
 
 'The accented vowel of the second ^iXs'i in each pair is always held out a trifle 
 longer than that of the first. There is perhaps a play upon words involved. Coyote 
 evidently means to repeat the ^6cu ^dcu of Frog, but perverts her burden into the 
 verb form lis'i, "give it to me." 
 
 'By "half" is meant "onlyapart" or "incorrectly." Indians commonly speak 
 of people that have but an imperfect command of a language as talking half of it. 
 
 'A play upon Bluejay's own name, tc.'di^c (=tcJditcl-). 
 
 * The impUed reference in the mind of an Indian is here to the word bebht, 
 "rushes." The mouse is often found among rushes. 
 
 "This word is a play upon the word for "swan," berp'. 
 
 "Swan's round-dance song, as here given, was in ordinary use as such among the 
 Takelma. wainha hterally means "put him to sleep." It seems very probable that 
 
E. SAPIE— TAKELMA TEXTS. 105 
 
 said Frog; she herself did call herself that. Then, 'tis said, he, 
 for his part, did sing thus, 
 
 "^us'i ^lis'i, ^lis'i ^us'i, ^iis'i ^iis'i," 
 
 only half^ of it he sang. 
 
 Then, 'tis said, many kinds did sing. " Do you in your 
 turn begin singing!" Bluejay that was told. Then Bluejay 
 sang, 
 
 "Tc!aitc!ia gwdtca gwatca, tc!aitc!ia gw^tca gwatca!" 
 
 Now then, 'tis said, again, " Do you in your turn begin singing, ' ' 
 one girl again was told. Mouse. Now then she started in to 
 sing, 
 
 " Bebebinibia, bebebinibia. " 
 
 Thus did sing Mouse, but Coyote, for his part, did sing only 
 half ^ of it, 
 
 "S'bebebini, s'b^bebini, s'bebebini, s'bebebini. " 
 
 Then, 'tis said, "Do you in your turn begin singing!" that 
 did they themselves say to one another. Then Swan started 
 in to sing, 
 
 "B^leldo wd-inha, beleldo wainha, 
 Beleld5 wdinha, beleldo wainha, ' ' 
 
 the word was originally used in its literal sense in lullabys, then transfered to other 
 songs as a mere burden. Cf. the following lullaby : 
 
 e i : M 
 
 Mo - xo wain - ha, 
 
 S'lrn hi wain ha, 
 
 P!el da wain ha. 
 
 " Buzzard, put him to sleep! Sim [meaning unknown], indeed, put him to sleep! 
 Snail, put him to sleep!" 
 
106 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 nagd-ihi^ berp', heleP gana«nfex a'k^a. Ganehi^ " Masl^ ba- 
 imdsga," nagdsa^n wa-iwi't'an, hd^k'a ga nagkn. GanehF 
 b^-imats"!ak' , 
 
 
 "Waiu-bi me-uqdol-k'ij'wain-ba I-dol-k'i,'wam-hame-iiaclol-k'i,wain-lii i-dol-k'i," 
 
 hd^k'a^ gana^nex heleP. 
 
 Ganehi^ "S'^d! gwidi d61k'init'k' yawayagwdn?" naga-ihi^ 
 men^. Ganehi^ hono^hi gahi neye^ ga he^ yonond,n, 
 
 E£3^z3 
 
 i 
 
 -, \- 1— TrH 1 ' 
 
 U^II^ 
 
 ^^g 
 
 SE 
 
 -*— -# 
 
 ^•-•4^> 
 
 "Wain-ha me-nadol-k'i,'wain-ba i-dol-k'i,'wam-hame-nadol-k'i,wam-ha i-dol-k'i." 
 
 Ganehi^ mi' da^^'agkn. "Gwidi dolk'init'k' yawayagwan?" 
 nagd-ihi^ Mi'hi*^ yd^ menk; mi' da^ehli wu4ham hoyoda- 
 gwdnma^ gada^ gini^k'. Mi' 
 
 j^ 1 r» 1 j^ 1 
 
 " S"hau hau hau 
 wu^lham hoidigwia gada^ gini^' menk. 
 
 hau." 
 
 Ganehi^ da^^agd.n wa-iwi't'an daFwi^ mi' xkmk' baxdmda'. 
 "i's'i^ wede he^lkt'," nag^sa^n; da^hi^ganin x6mk' baxdmda^. 
 Gangahis hoyodia''^ daFwi's'i^ "Wede he^dt', k'ai^wa baxd^m," 
 nagdsa^nhi^ wa-iwi't'an. Gangdhi^ wu"lham hoyodagwan. 
 Ganehi^ "Hd.u, Mu, Mu, hau." Ba*s"abc6xigin; mi' ^^axa 
 ^ali la^'le xamk'. Ganehi^ " H^u, hdu, hdu, hdu," nagd-ihi^ 
 Mi' dalxabili"^; ba^^^domo^s'ia'^, dn? n^k' tlomom. Sgisis'i^ 
 aga da^a'na-u wa-iwi' ^iho"gwkk"^; gdhi^ ganga mi' kltiwu'^ 
 xkmk' yap!a daxoydxi. 
 
 ' Though these three words are here probably felt to be mere burdens, each of 
 them can be translated as a regular Takelma word: " Put-him-to-sleep, brown-bear 
 his-anus," though the normal form for "his anus" would be ddlk'inii or ddlk'amaa. 
 i- in iddlk'i must be explained either as a mere change in burden, pairing off with 
 
E. SAPIE TAKELMA TEXTS. 107 
 
 said Swan, thus did she, for her part, sing. Then, 'tis said, 
 "Do you in your turn begin singing!" said the girls to one 
 another. Goose was told that. Then she started in to sing, 
 
 "Wainha mena dolk'i, wainha i'dolk'i, 
 Wainha mena ddlk'i, wainha i'ddlk'i," 
 
 thus did Goose sing. 
 
 Then, 'tis said, "S'%! where are they talking about my 
 anus?" said Bear. Then again, 'tis said, just that they said, 
 that song was sung, 
 
 "Wainha mena dolk'i, wainha i'dolk'i, 
 Wainha mena ddlk'i, wainha i'dolk'i." 
 
 Now then, 'tis said, he heard it. " Where are they talking 
 about my anus?" he said. Now Bear did go; now he went to 
 where he heard the menstrual dance being danced, right by them 
 he went. Now 
 
 " S"hau, hau, hau, hau, " 
 
 (thus saying) Bear did go alongside of where the menstrual 
 dance was being danced. 
 
 Then, 'tis said, some of the girls heard how Grizzly Bear 
 now was coming. "Sing no more," they said to one another. 
 Grizzly Bear, !tis said, was heard coming, yet they went on 
 dancing ; but some of the girls " Do not dance, a monster comes, " 
 did say to one another. Still the menstrual dance kept being 
 danced. Then, 'tis said, " Hau, hau, hau, hau, ' ' (said Grizzly 
 Bear). They suddenly stopped dancing, now Grizzly Bear had 
 got to be right there. Then "Hau, hau, hau, hau," he said. 
 Now he jumped among them; they flew right up, no one he 
 killed. But Coyote did run away with this chieftainess girl. 
 
 mena, or else as a demonstrative stem not ordinarily used in its bare form (cf. ida- 
 "that there" and ideme^a "right there"); iddlk' i vfOxxXA then be an archaic song-form 
 of idaga ddlk'inii, "that-one his-anus." 
 
108 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 Mi' aga sglsi a'k!k da^dna-u wa-iwi' ddlhiwilik"". Ganehi^ 
 bo" nexada^ " Wa-iwi' di eit'? Wa-iwi' mi'Va," nagd-ihis; 
 sgisi^a mi' gelwainia gelgultik'^. Ganehi^ ^ni^ t'aykk' gw?n6i 
 hawiixda^ " K'ddi gi%? K'a-ila'p'a m?wa nagdsbi^n," 
 nagdhil Sglsi lap'am xamgwidik"'. " Ma dl k'ai^a'p'a yuda^? 
 lap'a^m nansbina^" nag^hi^ lap'am. Ge de^winit'hi. Gweldi; 
 ba'^bi^t' le^p'lap'. 
 
 II. Jack Rabbit is Calumniated by Coyote. 
 
 Wili' yow5^ hoii a'k'da^xi ci^uli. K'ai gwala disgot'olha 
 bem, bem klemfei t'bkl. Ganehi^ "W^yani, wayani, wayani!' 
 gwida' lemek!ia"^ k'ai gwala plaMnda^?" naga-ihi^ hou. 
 Mi'hi^ disgutluxal Ganehi^ mi' limdmdn, he«bili"^ "Nek' 
 ydk'i^ dak'llmxgwal K'adi yawayagwa^n?" naga-ihil Mi' 
 hono= disgdn', he^bili"l Gahihi^ nagd'l " Nek' ydk'i^ dak'- 
 llmxgwa^" nagd-ihil Gahihi^ nagd'^ "Wayani, wayani, 
 wdyani! gwida lem6k!ia"^, k'di gwala p!ahd,nda^?" 
 
 :i 
 
 Mi' dabalntxa la^le\ Mi' sglsi da^agkn ga nfex, hou ga 
 nag^-idal " S'^a! s'k'adl ne^e^?" Mi' dd.^sgek!i sglsi. "Wayani, 
 wdyani, wayani! gwida lemeklia"^ dip' p!ahd,nda^?" nag^-ihi^ 
 hofl. "K'adi yawayagwd^n? disgut Iiixade^ " Ganehi^ mi 
 sglsi da'^agkn. Mi' hadedilt'a libin wak'. "'S'^li he^l^me- 
 k'.inda^'" nagfcanp'," nagd,-ihi^ sgisi; " 'haxiy^ wa^gwidi- 
 
 ' Compare Boas, Kathlamet Texts, pp. 72-78. 
 ' Pronounced in a high pitch. 
 
 = A rhetorical form of gwidi, "where?" A mock-heroic effect is intended. 
 *As much as to say, ' ' I have more important things to do than to talk. I must 
 cut down trees!" 
 
E. SAPIR TAKELMA TEXTS. 109 
 
 Now those just scattered off, Grizzly Bear did chase the people 
 around. 
 
 Now this Coyote, for his part, did run off with the chief- 
 tainess girl. Then, 'tis said, after a little while, "Are you a 
 female? It must be a female," he thought; Coyote now, for 
 his part, did wish to sleep with her. Tunc nihil vulvae repperit. 
 "What did I, for my part, (take)? That you were a woman 
 I thought, ' ' he said to her. Coyote threw Frog into the water. 
 " Do you think you will be a woman? Frog you will always be 
 called," he said to Frog. Proceeding just up to there (it goes). 
 'Tis finished. Go gather and eat your ba'^p '-seeds. 
 
 II. Jack- Rabbit is Calumniated by Coyote.^ 
 
 A house there was, Jack-Rabbit was dwelling all by him- 
 self. All sorts of trees he used to cut down; t'bal-bushes he 
 regarded as trees. Then, 'tis said, "Wayani, wdyani, wayani! 
 where now have they all gone to, now that everything is ripe?" 
 said Jack-Rabbit. Now he was a-cutting. Now then, 'tis 
 said, he felled them, and off he rushed. " Had it been anyone 
 else, he would have had it falling on top of him. But what am 
 I talking about ?"^ he said. Now again he cut one down, and off 
 he rushed. That same thing he said. " Had it been anyone 
 else, he would have had it falling on top of him, ' ' he said. 
 That same thing he said, "Wdyani, wdyani, wdyani! where 
 now have they all gone to, now that everything is ripe?" 
 
 Now a long time elapsed. And Coyote did hear that 
 speech, that which Jack- Rabbit was saying. "S'%! s-what 
 are they saying?" Now Coyote was listening. "Wdyani, 
 wayani, wayani! where now have they all gone to, now that 
 the camass is ripe?" said Jack- Rabbit. "But what am I 
 talking about ? I '11 be a-cutting. ' ' Now then, 'tis said. Coyote 
 
 'Coyote is guilty of a malicious pun. Jack Rabbit's lem4k!ia^^ , " (people) have 
 moved away," and Coyote's he'ilimekHnda" , "that I have done away with, anni- 
 hilated, them," are forms of the same verb stem lemek!-. 
 
110 ANTHKOPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OP PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 gwidinda^' nagdsanp'." Mi' yap!a gux^i' xilam la4e\ "'Gi' 
 he^ilemeklindaS' nagdsanp', all dexebe^n," nagd-ihi« sgisi. 
 
 Mi' wa^it!em6m wtilx. Ganehi^ wulx p'elekwa; sgisi 
 libin wa^gand,^ ga ga^al hofl p'elegd,n. Ganehi^ "G^me^di 
 dexebe^n?"— " Eme^ eme^ dexebe^n." Ganehi^ de'ddt'hi yap!a 
 mi'^sga^ tiayakwa. " Ha^p'dek' lo"s-i'," nagd-ihi^ yap!a tni'^sga^ 
 tlayak'wanal Ganehi^ "Sg6! sg^!" nagd'^ sgisi. "A'n? gh," 
 nagd-ihi^ yap!k mi'^sga^ bo" tiayak'wanal "Ga dexebe^," 
 sgisi ga nagd-'l Bi'P ganau matslkk'; ganehi^ bi'F ganku 
 ddlyewe'^ h5u. Ganehi^ o'^ddn. .Ganehi^ ni?s hono^ tiayak'wa; 
 mi' yap!a ga'^m tiayak'wa h5u. "Ha^p'dek' lo"s'i'," naga-ihi^ 
 yapla. Sgisi " Ga ga ga!" naga*^; "ga dexebe^n," nagd-ihi^ 
 sgisi. Gas'i^ yapa% "Ani^ ga dexebe^n;" sgisis'i^ "Ga dexe- 
 be^n," nagd'^ sgisi%. A'ni^ da^h6"xgwan sgisi. 
 
 Gw?ne di wede dak'am? Yap'.a ga nat'na^ p'elek'wana^ 
 ga %ldi^ tiayak'wa. Sgisi "S'ga dexeb6*n," nagd'^; ani* 
 da^hd^xgwan. Ganehi^ yapla ddk'wak'; ^aldi' + l yap!a tlaya- 
 k'wana^, ddk'wak',. Ddk'wa^gand.^ yd^hi xliwi he^ne ddk'dagwa 
 matslkk' h5u, he^dada^ yd.^ " Ba wa' au wa' au wa'* (etc.)" 
 sen6sant'. Ganehi^ mi' sa^nsdn. Sgisi ^oyd°'hi t'.omom hou, 
 yap!a hfe'^ilem6^k'. Gana^nex ga na^nkk',^ wildu dibflk'^ 
 Lat'gaG. Gas'i^ yapla he^il^m^k',^ hou xep'k';^ sgisihi ba- 
 idaxdk' yaplk, dalo"?, agds'i^ hou d,n? ga nagd'l 
 
 > Pronounced in a hoarse, loud whisper. Another such loudly whispered whoop 
 is gwd'ldlaldla, yelled by the slayer of a man. 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. Ill 
 
 heard him. Now ever3rwhere he carried the news. " S-he 
 says about you, 'It is right around here that I've been kiUing 
 people,'" said Coyote; "he says about you, 'In the water it is 
 that I always throw them.'" Now the hearts of the people 
 became sick. " He says about you, ' It is I that have been 
 killing people, ' right around here he says so, ' ' said Coyote. 
 
 Now the warriors assembled together. Then, 'tis said, the 
 warriors went out to wage war against him; since Coyote had 
 brought the news, for that reason was Jack-Rabbit warred 
 against. Then (they said), "Where did he say that?" — 
 "Here, here he said that." Then, 'tis said, one man found 
 him first. " 'Tis a plaything for my child," said the one man 
 that had found him. Then, 'tis said, " S-that one it is! s-that 
 one it is! " said Coyote. " It is not that one, " said the one man 
 that had just found him. "It is that one that said so," that 
 did Coyote say. In his quiver (the man) put him. Then, 'tis 
 said, Jack-Rabbit ran off out of the quiver into the woods. 
 Then he was hunted for. Then, 'tis said, one found him again; 
 now two persons had found Jack- Rabbit. " ' Tis a plaything 
 for my child," said the person. Coyote "That one, that one, 
 that one!" did say; "it's that one that said so," said Coyote. 
 But the person, for his part, " It is not that one that said so, " 
 (did say) ; but Coyote " It's that one that said so," said Coyote, 
 for his part. Coyote was not believed. 
 
 How often was he not found? That number of people that 
 went to war against him, all of those did find him. Coyote said, 
 " S-that one it is that said so, " but he was not believed. Then, 
 'tis said, the people finished; when all the people had found him, 
 they finished. Just when they finished, then did Jack-Rabbit 
 put war feathers upon his head, and afar off " Ba wa' au wa' au 
 wa' {etc.)" he whooped. Now then, 'tis said, they were fought 
 with. Coyote did Jack- Rabbit kill first of all; the people he 
 annihilated. Thus it was that he did that, arrows they started ^ 
 
 2 Observe the inferentials. These verb forms do not primarily narrate, but 
 explain or infer the origin of war. 
 
 ^ That is, they started the first war, set the precedent for warfare. 
 
112 ANTHEOPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 12. Beaver Ferries the Deer Across Rogue River. 
 
 Wili' yow6^ sgisi sbin wdk'dixadi^l. Ganehi^ almi'% 
 cu^lhal Ganehi^ dabalnixa la^le\ pliyin handkt' wogowd^'. 
 "^ei me^s'agwk, lomtle'M" Sbin ei ^oyon, pliyin ei ganau 
 s-6wo^s"a."S pliyin gwald. Xa°xits"!6k'tsMigi'da' la*llt'a^ mi'hi^ 
 ei s-alk!om6k!6^m. Ganehi^ pliyin^k bais-6wo^s-a-uda^ ei 
 kldmokla^m; mi' wa^it!ox6xi. "^e" ^e° (etc.)," sbin eiat'gwa 
 ga na^ag^'^. 
 
 Ganehi*^ gwi^ne la^le\ mi' hono^ dewenxa wok'ia"^. "^ei 
 me^s"agwa\ lomtle'M" Mi' sbin ei hansak"^. Ganehi^ ganau 
 ginigidu^ mi' hansak"'. Mi' hono^ ba-is'dwo^s'iwia"^; mi' hono^ 
 pliyin ei s'alk!om6k!a^m. Mi' hono^ wa^t!ox6xi. "^e" ^e" 
 (etc.)," mi' hono^ ei la4e\ " Hat'il^a' ^eihi, dni^ eme^ yaxa 
 ei^k. Gelyalk'^ ei, dn? em.6^ yaxa ei," naga-ihi^ Mi' sbin 
 tsMini'tsManx. 
 
 Mi' hono^ dewenxa la4e\ "^el me^s'agwaM" Mi' hono^ 
 hansak'"^, gdnau ginigid"l Ganehi^ pliyinhi xeb^^n agk, ga 
 ^ei ogd^ak'i; ha^ndaddt' baxd^m, addt' gini^k' pliyin. Mi' 
 hono^ "Lomtle', 6me^ ei s"agwaM" nagdnhil Ganehi^ ei 
 
 ' Hence the warlike character of the people of this place, the Upper Takelma. 
 
 ' Xa<^-xi-ts' l^k'ts' HgMa = "in-middle-oi wsiter its-backbone," in other words, 
 equally distant from either shore. Cf. daa-xi-ts' lik'ts' Hgiida = "alongside-of water 
 its-backbone," i. e., not far from one of the banks. 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TESTS. 113 
 
 at Lat'gau.* So that the people he annihilated, Jack-Rabbit 
 it was that did so. Coyote indeed got the people into trouble, 
 he lied; but Jack- Rabbit did not really do that (which Coyote 
 said he did). 
 
 12. Beaver Ferries the Deer Across Rogue River. 
 
 A house there was, Coyote, and his cousin Beaver. Then, 
 'tis said, they always lived together. Then a long time elapsed; 
 deer kept arriving at the other side of the river. " Paddle a 
 canoe over here, old man!" Beaver gave them a canoe; the 
 deer all jtimped into the canoe, many deer. When it got 
 to be in the middle of the river, then, 'tis said, the canoe was rent 
 to pieces because of their kicking about in it. Then, 'tis said, 
 when the deer, for their part, did all jump out of it, the canoe 
 was rent to pieces. Now (Beaver) gathered up the pieces. 
 "^e°, ^e" (etc.)," that did Beaver's own canoe do. 
 
 Then, 'tis said, a long time elapsed ; now again the next day 
 arrived. "Paddle a canoe over here, old man!" Now Beaver 
 paddled the canoe over the river. Then, 'tis said, they all 
 went therein, and he paddled them across the river. Now 
 again they all jumped out, and again the deer kicked the canoe 
 to pieces. Now again he gathered the pieces together, "^e'', 
 ^e" (etc.)," the canoe again now groaned. "Right at Hat'il is 
 there a canoe indeed, not only here is there a canoe. At Gel- 
 yalk' is there a canoe, not only here is there a canoe," he said. 
 Now Beaver was angry. 
 
 Now again the next day came. "Paddle a canoe over 
 here!" Now again he paddled it across, and therein they all 
 went. The deer indeed did do this, and that canoe he always 
 gave to them. From across the river they came, over to 
 
 'Hat'i'l was a Takelma village situated on Rogue river some distance above 
 (east of) Table Rock. 
 
 • Gelya^lk' was another Takelma village. It was situated on Rogue river below 
 Table Rock. The name means "facing pine trees;" cf. yaal, "pine," 
 
114 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 hansak'^ hono^; gane hono^ gdnau ginigid"^ ei, gane hdnsak'^ 
 honds Ganehi^ mi' hono« gahi na^neye^ ba-is-ow6s-iwia"l 
 GanehF mi' liono'= k!om6k!a^m ei. Mi' hono^ "«e" %" {etc.);" 
 wa^It!ox6xi. " Eme^dd,«x di ^ei yuk'? D?lo''mP ya^ ei, an? 
 eme^dd^x ei^k," nagd-ihi^ sbin; eiyd'' k!om6k!a^m, salklum^- 
 klimim pliyin xeb6^n. Ganehi^ " ^e" %" {etc.)," naga-ihi^ mi' 
 hono^ wa«it!ox6xi, mi' hono^ eiydt'gwa «ik!u"mkn. " E'me^da- 
 bd^x di ei^a yuk'? Gelyalk'.a^ eihi, dn? em6^ yaxa e5«k. 
 Hayanba'lsda' ges'i^ hono^ ei," nagd-ihi'^ sbin, ts' lini'ts" !anx. 
 
 Hoho^ dewenxa la''le\ "^ei me^s'agwa, lomtliM" naganhi^ 
 sbin. He^ne ei hansak'^, mi' hono^ ganau ginigicL"*; hansak"'. 
 Mi' hono^ gahi iia^neye^, ba-is'owo^s'iwia'^; mi' hono^ salklum- 
 •dk'.imin. Mi' bono* "^e'' ^e'' {etc.)," eydt'gwa wa^tloxoxi. 
 Ganehi^ " Eme^ddba^x di ^ei^a yuk'?" nagd,-ihi^ sbin. " Gwen- 
 p'unk'^ eihi, Lat'gafl^ ei ge hond^ dn? eme^ yaxk el," naga-ihi^. 
 P!iyin ha^ndadat' baxa^m; ad^t's'i^ pliyin ^n? k'ai yuk' 
 he^nfe, ha^idaddt' yaxa pliyirfa yiik'. Gana^nex gehi yaxa 
 yok '.oya^n. 
 
 ' Di'^lCmi' was one of the largest villages of the Takelma; it was situated at the 
 falls (dm) of Rogue river. The name means "west (of which) are cedars;" cf. lo'^m, 
 "cedar." 
 
 ^ = Gelya''lk'-'a. 
 
 'Another Takelma village. The name means "in its high pines;" cf. baals, 
 " long." 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 115 
 
 this side did come the deer. Now again "Old man, paddle a 
 canoe over here!" he was told. Then again he paddled the 
 canoe across the river. Then again they all went into the 
 canoe, and again he paddled it across. Now then, 'tis said, 
 they did that same thing, they all jumped out. And then again 
 the canoe was rent to pieces. Now again "^e", ^e" (etc.)," (it 
 groaned). He gathered the pieces together. "Is it only here 
 that there is a canoe? Right at Di4o"mi is there a canoe, 
 not only here is there a canoe indeed, ' ' said Beaver. His canoe 
 was rent to pieces; it was rent by being kicked to pieces, 'twas 
 the deer that did so. Then "^e'', '^e" {etc.)," it said. Now 
 again he gathered the pieces together, and again he fixed his 
 canoe. "Is it only here that there is a canoe indeed? Right 
 at Gelyalk' there is a canoe indeed, not only here is there a 
 canoe. At Haya^lba'lsda, there also is there a canoe," said 
 Beaver, he was angry. 
 
 Again the next day came. "Paddle a canoe over here, 
 old man!" Beaver was told. Then the canoe he paddled 
 across. Now again they all went therein, and he paddled them 
 across. Now again that same thing they did, they all jumped 
 out, and again it was kicked to pieces. Now again "^e°, ^e" 
 (etc.)," (it groaned). The pieces of his canoe he gathered 
 together. Then "Is it only here that there is a canoe?" said 
 Beaver. "At Gwenp'ufik' there is a canoe indeed, at Lat'gau, 
 also there is there a canoe, not only here is there a canoe," 
 he said. The deer came from across the river. Now at that 
 time there were no deer on this side° of the river, only on the 
 other side were there deer. Just that far thus I know. 
 
 sA Takelma village on Rogue river. The name seems to mean " east of rotten 
 (trees);" cf. p'un, "rotten." 
 
 <The Takelma village farthest to the east. A divergent dialect was there 
 spoken. See Sapir's "Notes on the Takelma Indians" {American Anthropologist, 
 N. S., Vol. 9), pp. 252, 253, 255. 
 
 ' That is, the northern side. 
 
116 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 13. Grizzly Bear and Black Bear.' 
 
 Wili' yow6^ xkmk', nihwik"', ha'p'da ga'plini xkmk', 
 nihwik'^ ha'p'da ga'plini. T'gwil k!addk!at' be''wi^ yewfe'tok'; 
 t'awaxadfl la4^usa%. Ganehi« gwi'^e la='le\ "TIelaH 
 odobd,^" nagd,-ihi« xkmk', nihwik"' nagk. DahSxa law^lhida^ 
 t'gwil yelex debii's liwilhok'^, be^vi^ ga na^nagd.'^ als-o^mkl. 
 "Tleld^f odobd«," nagd-ihi^ xkmk' wa-iwi', tleld^hi «od6%t'. 
 
 Ganehi^ dabalnixa la4e\ "Tlela^f odoba^" Mi'hi^ 
 dak!oc5k' dagaxda nihwik'^, t!eM^ oMdn. " Yegwexdam. "— 
 "A'n? yokloya^n yexbiaxdfek'" nagd,-ihi^ xkmk'. Ganehi^ 
 dahoxa la^it'a^ abaiyewe'^ no'tslat'gwanwi^ yow6^. Ganehi^ 
 t'gwi'l k!adak!at'. Ganehi^ hond^ "T lela^t' odobal" Mi' 
 hond^ dak!oc6k'. "Yegwexdam nagadi," naga-ihi^ nihwik''". 
 Ganehi^ debalnixa ga na^nagk. Ganehi^ hono^ abaiyewe^. 
 T'gwil liwilhok"' yelex debti'l "A'n? yokloya^n yegwex- 
 binda^ t'awa." Ganehi^ yok'.oi domk'wia gel^wagulok'wa 
 xkmk'. Ganehi^ abaiyeweida^ daho^xk, "Gane dewenxa la^lit'a^ 
 g^ni^ hond^ t'gwi'l k'.a^dabd,^" nagd.hi^ t'awaxa la^auhi. 
 
 Gane mi'hi^ t'61ma p!a-id?16"k'; yok!oi domk'wdgviltik'. 
 Ganehi^ beyant'gwa "^agk t'elma dlsgu^^xgi^ he^nfe dflmxink'," 
 nagd-ihi^ nihwik"', beydnt'gwa ga nagk. "Ga de®gwdlda%'; 
 disgu'^xgi" he^e diimxink'," nagk-ihi^ nihwik'" " He^ne 
 i'daga n6"s' hapxwi xamk' "'Pla^gabdM' na^gi^k', he^nes'I^ 
 
 'Compare Boas, Kathlamet Texts, pp. 118-28; Gatschet, op. cit., pp. 118-23; 
 and the Yana myth of Grizzly Bear and Deer obtained by Dr. Dixon (see Sapir, 
 Yana Texts, note 319). 
 
B. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 117 
 
 13. Grizzly Bear and Black Bear.^ 
 
 A house there was, Grizzly Bear, Black Bear, Grizzly- 
 Bear's two children, and Black Bear's two children. Every 
 day they used to pick hazel nuts, and were wont to return; 
 sisters they called each other. Then, 'tis said, a long time 
 elapsed. "Let us hunt for your lice," said Grizzly Bear, to 
 Black Bear she said it. Whenever the evening came, they 
 always brought home burden baskets full of hazel nuts, every 
 day they did that in the mountains. "For your lice let us hunt, ' ' 
 said the Grizzly Bear female, and for her lice indeed she always 
 hunted. 
 
 Then, 'tis said, a long time elapsed. "Let us hunt for your 
 lice," (said Grizzly Bear). Now, 'tis said, she bit Black Bear's 
 head a little (while) her lice were hunted for. "You've bit me. " 
 — "I did not know that I was biting you," said Grizzly Bear. 
 Then, 'tis said, when the evening came, they returned home, 
 each other's neighbors they were. Now they used to pick 
 hazel nuts. Then again, 'tis said, "Let us hunt for your lice," 
 (said Grizzly Bear). Now again she bit her a little. "You've 
 bit me, have you not?" said Black Bear. Now for a long time 
 she did that to her. Then again they returned home, and 
 burden baskets full of hazel nuts they brought home. "I 
 did not know that I was biting you, sister." Then, 'tis said, 
 she knew that Grizzly Bear was intending to kill her. Then, 
 'tis said, when they returned home in the evening, "Now when 
 the next day comes, then let us again pick hazel nuts," (Grizzly 
 Bear) said to her, sister she called her. 
 
 Now then, 'tis said, an acorn pestle she stood up, she knew 
 that (Grizzly Bear) was intending to kill her. Then to her 
 daughters, " Should this acorn pestle fall, then she will have 
 killed me," said Black Bear, to her daughters that she said. 
 "You shall watch that. Should it fall, then she will have killed 
 
 2 So heard for disgu'i'xgi^. It is very difficult sometimes to hear the second 
 element of the ui didhthong of this and related forms, partly because of the palatal 
 character of the first element and partly because the glottal catch succeeding the 
 diphthong makes it of less than normal duration. 
 
118 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 xkmk' Mpxda'' de'^inu^tli^k'," nagdhi^ bey^nt'gwa nihwik'^. 
 Ganehi^ aga t'elma t'.egwegw^lt'. " He^ne dTsgii''«xgi^ 
 'Xamlo"bd^' na^gi^k' he^fe," nag^-ihi«; "he^nes-I« goMdt'ba^ 
 hagwelpliyk," nagd,hi« nihwik'^ beydnt'gwa. " JPIahank'i'^ 
 ba-ihemgdt'ba^ la^ifbd-'^klifbas," nagdhi^ nihwik™ 
 
 Ganehi^ mi' habebini la^le\ mi' t'elma dlsguyu'^x. N6"c 
 gini^k' xamk' hap'da wd^da. " Plagaba^hkn, xaml6"ba^hkn," 
 nagd-ihi^ nihwik"^ beyan. "Hd-u," nagd'l "Ganehi^ xam- 
 plagd'l Mi'hi^ xamde^inu"t', mi' loho'^ xkmk' beydn ga'plini. 
 Ganehi^ xamk' hawili'da ginik''" hdpxda^hi; mi' sep' p!ul 
 ganku, gwelt'gau k'apldk'ap' hap!iyk. Ganehi^ p'.aM^n, mi' 
 ba-ihemfek'; tdlim he^ne nixa ga nagaik'wana*^ ga na^nagk 
 p'.ahknt'. Ganehi^ la^it'bagdt'bak' ; no" be" kliyi'k'da^ he^nehi 
 xeb6^n, he^ne sep aga% xkmk' Mpxda. Ganehi^ ulum^a nixa 
 ga nagaik'wa, "Fife's ba^%ge"t!it'ba^, ge nd,t'ba^," naga-ihi^ 
 nihwik""%, ga nagk beydnt'gwa. Ganehi^ hawilit'gwan yewe"^ 
 nihwik''* Mpxda^ Ganehi^ p!e"s ba^^isge^t'; gane ya^ ganau 
 naga'^, ya^; mi' k'.uwu'^ ha'pxda" nihwik'", xamk' hapxda* 
 tlomom. Gane yd^. 
 
 Daho"xa la^it'a*^ yew6'^ xkmk'. GaneW dn? k'ai Mpxda"; 
 da^'sgekli. " Gwidi Leit'p'?"^ Haxiya uyu'^s'ia"* hapxwi 
 wd-iwi't'an, " H6 he he he! h6 he he he!" T'gwil yel^x 
 debu'^ labkk', hawi^ dn? abaigini^k'. Bo" nSxada^ abaigini^k'; 
 
 'That is, they escaped by an underground passage through the ground. 
 
 ' L- is a characteristic, intrinsically meaningless "grizzly-bear prefix" in the same 
 
E. SAPIK — TAKELMA TEXTS. 119 
 
 me," said Black Bear. "In that case to those children next 
 door of Grizzly Bear shall you say 'Let us bathe!' and then you 
 shall drown Grizzly Bear's children," said Black Bear to her 
 daughters. Then, 'tis said, they watched this acorn pestle. 
 "If it should fall, in that case you shall say to them, 'Let us 
 play in the water!' " she said; "and then you shall bury them 
 down in the fire-place," said Black Bear to her daughters. 
 "When they are done, you will take them out, and you will 
 slit them open," said Black Bear to them. 
 
 Now then, 'tis said, noon came, and the acorn pestle fell, 
 Next door they went to Grizzly Bear's children. "Let us all 
 bathe, let us all play in the water," said the daughters of Black 
 Bear. "Yes," they said. Then, 'tis said, they bathed in the 
 water. Now they drowned them in the water, and the two 
 daughters of Grizzly Bear died. Then into the house of Grizzly 
 Bear they took her children indeed; now they roasted them in 
 the ashes, down under the ground they threw them in the fire. 
 Then, 'tis said, they were done, and they took them out; as 
 before their mother had told them, that they did to them 
 (till they were) done. Then they ripped them open. In the 
 afternoon, just then they did so, then they roasted just these 
 children of Grizz'ly Bear. Now formerly, indeed, their mother 
 had told them that, "You will lift up the rock acorn-mortar, 
 there you will go," said Black Bear, for her part, that she had 
 said to her daughters. Then into their own house returned 
 the children of Black Bear. Then the rock acorn-mortar they 
 lifted up, and went off; therein they passed, off they went.' 
 Now Black Bear's children ran away, Grizzly Bear's children 
 they had killed. Then off they went. 
 
 When evening came Grizzly Bear returned. Now her 
 children were not there; she listened. "Where L-are you?" 
 In the water there was laughter (as of) little girls, " He he he he! 
 he he he he!" A burden basket full of hazel nuts she carried 
 
 sense in which s-- is a "coyote prefix." l- does not occur as a normal Takelma 
 sound, though its use as such in the neighboring Athabascan dialects is very- 
 frequent. 
 
130 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. 11. 
 
 ganehis mi' yaxa plahknt' de«iv?i'k!ik'^ la^it'ba^k't'b^k'nal 
 Gane mi'hi^ gay ail pla'nt'. Gane he^ne yd^M^ "S-me«yep'. 
 me'^yep'," ba-ibiliuda^ gwi ^uyu^^s-da^ hapxwi wa-iwi't'an; 
 mi' ge gini^k'. " S'm^^ygp', s-me^ep'." Mi' haxiyd gini^k'. 
 Ganehi^ gwi ^uyu^^s-da'^ ge gini^k'; ge wok', dn? k'ai. No" 
 ya^ "H6 he he!" Mi' hond^ ge hiwill"l " S'me^yep', 
 s-me^yep'." Ge wok', dnP k'ai. Mi' hono^ hinafl uyu'^sia''s, 
 hapxwi wd-iwi gaplini. Mi' hon6^ hinaa hiwili"^- " S-me^ep', 
 s-meSyep'." Mi' hon6« ge wok', an? k'ai. Mi' he^ne no" ya^ 
 hon6« uyu''Ss-ia''S; hon6« ge hiwili"^ "Me^yep'," nagd-ihi« 
 xkmk'. Mi' bono'' hinau ya^ hono^ u'yu^s-ia''S; hu-'lii'nk'wa 
 gwidigwks. Ge^ yd^hi gane t!aykk', s-asini. "Gwidi Lna«- 
 naga"=?" i's-ihi^ sgele"^ Mi' hu"lint', adat'wi^ hiwili"^- 
 
 Mi' abaigini^k' hawilit'gwa. " Lhap'dek' di Lyuk' ? ga di 
 pla'nt' gaik'a^?" nagd-ihil N6"s- gini^k'. Ganehi^ k'ai gwala 
 ba%lk'ap!ak'ap'; t'ga* yamkt', k'di gwala yamkt', "Gwidi 
 gini^k' hapxdik'?" Gwi'^ne la^e^ ganehi« mi' p'.fe's ba^isga^k'- 
 sgkk',2 dihauyd,* ge^ yd^hi s'dlxda da^ltlaykk'. Ganehi^ mi' 
 swaddk'. "PlidiLp'a'sfp'idit'k',^ plidiLp'a'^t'p'idit'k'!" mi' 
 t'agd's gana^nfex; swadkk', "PHdiLp'a'^t'p'idit'k', p'.idiLp'a'^t'- 
 p'idit'k'!" nagd,'^. Gwiciwdk'di wok', agdsi^ nihwik"" 
 hdpxda* hanxiyk; gas'i^ hangwidik'"" mex, gw^lxda^ ei 
 klemfel, hapxwi wa-iwi't'an gaddk' nagd'l 
 
 Lk' mologola'p'a wdMa aba-iwok' xkmk', abaigini^k" 
 
 'The children of Black Bear had left behind an image of their own laughter in 
 order to delay the pursuer. 
 
 'baa'isgM', "he lifted and turned it over," was said to be more correct. 
 
 "The word in its normal form is p'da^t' p'iiiit'k', "my liver," the reference being 
 
E. SAPIR TAKELMA TEXTS. 121 
 
 on her back. Not yet had she entered the house. After a 
 little while she went inside. Now then (they lay there) all 
 done, spread out, ripped open. Now then, 'tis said, she ate 
 their livers. Now just then "S-come back, come back!" (she 
 said), as she rushed out to where there was laughter (as of) 
 little children; now there she came. "S-come back, s-come 
 back!" Now into the water she went. Then, 'tis said, where 
 there was laughter, there she went; there she arrived, but they 
 were not there. Just down river "He he he!" (it sounded). 
 Now again there she ran. "S-come back, s-come back!" There 
 she arrived, but they were not there. Now again up river there 
 was laughter (as of) two little children. Now again up river 
 she ran. "S-come back, s-come back!" Now again there she 
 arrived, but they were not there. Now then just down river 
 there was laughter again; again there she ran. "Come back!" 
 said Grizzly Bear. Now again just up river there was laughter 
 once more; she was plumb tired out.^ Right there she then 
 foimd it out, she stood still. "What L-is the matter?" she kept 
 shouting. Now she was tired, to every place had she run. 
 
 Now she went home into her own house, "l-so it is L-my 
 children? So that was their livers that I ate?" she said. Next 
 door she went. Then everything she turned over; the earth 
 she asked, everything she asked, "Where did my children go?" 
 Some time elapsed, and then she lifted up the rock acorn-mor- 
 tar, last of all she discovered their footprints right there. Now 
 then, 'tis said, she pursued them. "O L-my liver! O L-my 
 liver!" now thus she cried. She pursued them, and "O L-my 
 liver! O L-my liver!" she said. Somewheres or other they had 
 arrived, and now Black Bear's children were on the other side 
 of the water. Indeed Crane had thrown his leg across the river 
 and made a canoe of it, and the little girls passed over on it. 
 
 Grizzly Bear arrived at the house of old woman Excrement, 
 
 generally to a salmon-liver. The form in the text is exclamatory ; it shows a very 
 unusual type of reduplication and is further augmented by the l- characteristic of 
 the grizzly-bear. It is doubtful whether the word is in any way related to piaan, 
 the ordinary word for " liver." 
 
123 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 "Gwidi Lb6"t'ba4a'p'ak!an?" nagd-ihi^ xkmk'. "Da''- 
 t'mu"gkl-leweniwi^n, ilayd^'k'na^n, " nagd,-ihi« mi'^s Ik' molo- 
 gola'p'a, ^dn? yok'.oyd^n k'ai mologola'p'axda^ "Da*- 
 t'mu^gal-leweniwi^n," nagd.-ihi« mologola'p'a, dn? dak'dahal 
 xkmk'. "Gwidi Lbo"t'bana'p'ak!an? dnd? da^ganit' k'ai 
 nagdsbinda^?" nagd-ihi^ xkmk'. Bo" nexada^ ts" lini'ts" !anx 
 mologola'p'a yamkt' gwelgelyowoMa^, hapliyk gelkliyi^k', 
 ye^it'gwa igi'na. "Ge^me^i gi yemesi?" nagd-ihil Mi' 
 xamk'^a ba-ibili"^, ganehi^ Mxiyd hiwili"^. Mi' ei yilim, 
 "Ei me^s-agwk!" nagd-ihi^. Mi' mex ya^hi "^h';'" gwelxdagwa 
 hanl6"k', gwelxdagwa ogoihi. Mi' gaddk' naga'l Mi' s-aPik!a- 
 laklal, xa^iya la4e\ "^e'!" Mi' isge^t'sgkt' gwelxdagwa 
 mex; mi' loh6"= xkmk', xamgwidik'^dagwa mex. Agds'i^ 
 ulum kluwu'^ yaxa gad^k' nihwik'^ ha'pxda* me^ gwelxda. 
 
 14. Eagle and the Grizzly Bears. 
 
 Mex yulum k'abdxa*; ytilum be^wi^ alM'ihi'xk', gwala 
 cix do"mdkmk' p'.iyin. Gas'i^ dabalnixa lap'k'; aldi s'om 
 ga^al alhuyuxk', cix wili debti'^bkx, ykmxsi'^ xle^pxda" 
 klem^kmk' mex. Ganga gana^nex alhu'ihi'xk', hadedilt'a 
 s'um ga%l alha'ihi'xk', mdxas'i^ ykmx kloloi diilu't !alhi.^ 
 Gana^nexhi ci^tili mdxadiH, nixasi^ dn? k'ki. Hat'ga^dilt'a 
 S'om ga^al cix tlomo^m; be^wi^ ykmx wili debti'"^k'i. 
 
 Gwi'^ne la4e\ mi' mex k'abdxa"* "Wede I'daga he^s^o^mkl 
 wede ge wit'am, " nagdhi^ Alhuyux hadedilt'a. Ganehi^ 
 
 ' Whispered, 
 
E. SAPIR TAKELJMA TEXTS. 123 
 
 and went inside. "Where are the L-orphans?" said Grizzly- 
 Bear. "I swing about the shells in my ears, I coil my basket 
 tight," said a certain Excrement woman, I know not what sort 
 of woman. "I swing about the shells in my ears," said the old 
 woman, she answered not Grizzly Bear. "Where are the 
 L-orphans? Did you not hear what I said to you?" said Grizzly 
 Bear. After a little while the old woman became angry, 
 (whom) she had asked as she had her back towards her ; towards 
 the fire-place she turned around, her awl she seized. "Where- 
 fore do you ask me?" Now Grizzly Bear, for her part, jumped 
 out of the house, then ran to the water. Now she called for a 
 canoe, " Paddle a canoe over here!" she said. Now Crane, 
 indeed, (said), "^fe!" and he stretched his own leg across, his 
 own leg he gave her. Now she walked on top of it. And she 
 scratched his leg with her claws, got to be in the middle of the 
 water, "^e'!" (exclaimed Crane). Now Crane turned his leg 
 to one side, and Grizzly Bear died, Crane threw her into the 
 water. But formerly Black Bear's children had escaped by 
 just passing over Crane's leg. 
 
 14. Eagle and t'he Grizzly Bears. 
 
 There were Crane and his son Eagle. Every day Eagle 
 was wont to go out hunting, much venison (he brought home), 
 deer he used to kill. Now a long time elapsed ; in all the moun- 
 tains he went out hunting, and the house was brimful of veni- 
 son, and pan-like cakes of fat Crane used to make. Thus he 
 was ever wont to hunt. Ever)rwhere in the mountains he used 
 to hunt, while his father stuffed the baskets with fat. Thus 
 indeed he and his father dwelt, but mother there was none. 
 In every land among the mountains he procured venison, every 
 day he filled the house with fat. 
 
 Some time' elapsed, and Crane said to his son, " Do not (go) 
 beyond yonder mountain, do not go there. ' ' Everywhere he 
 
 2 All the verb forms up to this point have been inferentials ; from here on the 
 narrative makes use of aorists. 
 
134 ANTHEOPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 dabalnixa la4e\ "K'adl naga, k'di ga^al di 'Wede i'daga 
 he"s-o"mkl wit'am' neges-i?" nagd-ihi^ yulum, mdxa nagk. 
 Mi' gelhew6hau ci^ull; bo'' nexada^ banlebfet'. Mi' yd^ g6hi 
 gini^k'. D^k^s-o"mdl ba-iwok', xam%lyow6l 6+ t'ga* dfl; 
 mi'^s yaxa wai-iwi' dip' 6"p' cugwan yelexda^ labkk'; wa-iwi' 
 dfl, yu"bi' du, gandt'hi alxl'k'. "Ga di nak'ik' wiham%? ga 
 di ga^'al 'Wede ge gingkt' nexik'?" nagd-ihi^ yulum. Dabal- 
 nixahi ge s'as-ini, alxi'k' wa-iwi'. Ganehi^ bo" nexada^ la^lit'a^ 
 ge gini^k', da^oldi'da la4e\ Agas'i^ "A'ni^ ml'^wa altleyexi," 
 nagd'^ Yulmn% agds'i^ xamk' wa-iwi' mi' altlayak'wa. 
 Ganehi^ sm61a"«x des-ini'da^ sak'^. Bd^hi^yank'", cugunit'gwa 
 ganau gwidik"' smela"^x; dnis'i^ alxi'k', ganga dip' 6"p'. Gidi 
 hiwili"'' wa-iwi' wd^da ytdum; bo" nexada^ waMa wok'. 
 Ganehi^ k'di na^nagd'^^ lo"lagwd,sa^n, wa^himisa^n. 
 
 T/E 
 
 Mi' no" be* di'^kliyi^k'; ganehi^ mi' haye^dxda^da la°-le^* 
 xamk' wa-iwi' opxaklan. Agas'i^ p'elexa^ wili ^ixdi^l. Ganehi^ 
 "Gwidi matslaga^n?" nagd,'^ xamk' wa-iwi', mi'^sga^hi wa-iwi'. 
 "Gane has'ugwinde di matslagd^n? A'lhida^gind.^. Gwidi 
 mats!agd,^n?" nagd-ihi^ gelhew6hana^. Agds'i^ p'ebcd^s hawi 
 k'ebill; de^dahi abaiye^'gwik gelguliik' 6pxak!an. Ganehi^ no" 
 be^ k!iyi^k' daho"xk. Ganehi^ u'liik!it'gwa gadal mats.'kk'; 
 ganehi^ aba-iyew6!l Mi' ligi^ dip' ligik"". Ganehi^ gwelyd*- 
 himatslak', tslaykm. Mi' mdxa^k "e"', e"', e"', e"'," s'in- 
 t!aykk'; dn? k'ai nagd,'^ wa-iwi'. 
 
 ' Literally, " in front of her nose." 
 ' Literally, " something they-did." 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 125 
 
 hunted. Then, 'tis said, a long time elapsed. "What did he 
 mean by it, for what reason 'Do not go beyond yonder mountain ' 
 did he say to me?" said Eagle, of his father he said it. Now 
 he thought about it, was seated; after a little while he arose. 
 Now he went, right there he proceeded. On top of the mountain 
 he arrived, looked down into the plain. Oh, 'twas a pretty 
 land, and just one girl was digging camass and a burden 
 basket of roots she carried on her back. Pretty was the girl, 
 pretty was her basket-cap, just that kind of (girl) he saw. 
 "So is that what my father meant, for his part? Is it for that 
 reason that he said to me, 'Do not go there'?" said Eagle. 
 For a long time indeed he stood there, looked at the girl. Then 
 when a little while had passed, he went there, close to her he 
 came. Now Eagle for his part, said, " She has not discovered 
 me probably, ' ' but the Grizzly Bear girl had already discovered 
 him. Then, 'tis said, arrow shafts he shot before her. She 
 just picked them up, threw/ the arrow shafts into her basket; 
 but she did not look at him, went ahead digging camass. Closer 
 and closer hastened Eagle to the girl, after a little while he came 
 up to her. Then, 'tis said, they enjoyed themselves, played 
 with each other, talked to each other. 
 
 Now the sun was falling down river,' and now time it be- 
 came for the elder brothers of the Grizzly Bear girl to return; 
 indeed they went out to war, (lived in) ten houses. Then, 'tis 
 said, "Where am I going to put him?" said the Grizzly Bear 
 girl, just one girl. "Now shall I put him in my basket? He 
 might be discovered. Where am I going to put him?" she said, 
 thinking. Now those that had gone out to war were still absent ; 
 before her elder brothers, indeed, she desired to return home. 
 Then the sun was falling down river in the evening. Then, 'tis 
 said, in her own hair she put him, then returned home. Now 
 she came home with her btirden, camass she brought home. 
 Then, 'tis said, she put him away in the back of the house, she 
 
 ^ Rogue river flows west. Hence "up river" (hinau) is often used in Takelma 
 as synonymous with east, "down river" («o") as synonymous with west. 
 * Literally, " in-their-returning it-became." 
 
l'2(i ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 Ganehi^ dah6"xa la^le\ mi' be^ hawiyd.^;^ mi' baxa^m, 
 dayawix baxamkk'"',^ da^ol di^hiwili"^ yawd-ida^, "GFa yultim 
 sb6xalt'a mi'^wa nagait'e^ we'klalk', wfe'k!alk'. Y6m6, y6m6, 
 k'u'"nkxM"^ nagd,-ihi^ yawa-ida^ wili ixdil xkmk', mi' p'elxa^s 
 yeweida^- dugums'i^ lap', t'agd'^ ha'^pxi labdk'nal Mi' abai- 
 gini%'. "i'da dahauxt'git' ^i't'e^" ga md,xa^ nagk, haux 
 ogoihi; nixa^si'^ "i'da dak'alt'git' 4't'e^ I'da dado^mfgit' 
 ^i't'e^" nagk. "i'da dagwast'git' 4't'e^"° nagdhi^ maxa, ha^pxi 
 dugiim deligialt' mdxa. Mi' {noise of greedy swallowing) gayau, 
 ha-ugwenyut!uykt' yap!a gwa^s'i'. Ganehi^ mi' yiwin Vo'k'i^ 
 t'opxa wd^da ge yaxa nagd'^, u'liikli' gadal yegwfek'"; 
 aPit'bd^k'. 
 
 Ganehi^ dewenxa la°'le\ hono^ p'elexa^ w6*gia-uda^. 
 Ganehi^ mi' lemek !ia-uda^ he^nehi baiyeweyak''^ tlit'gwa 
 xamk' wa-iwi'. Ganehi^ p!agd'^ yulum dap!a'la-u du. 
 Ganehi^ xuma ^ogoihi xamk' wa-iwi'; dn? 3'ap!a gayau, 
 a'k'^a dip' gayau luxiim, ga ^a'k'^a gayau. Ganehi^ "A'ndi 
 Lyuklalxde^ detc'.ugut'? daddk'da^'k'," nagasa^nhi^ xamk' 
 lomtii' guxdagwadi^l. Mi' beydn " K'ai nagait'p'? s'o"* 
 de^gwdlt'gwi'p'anp'," naga-ihi^ xamk' wa-iwi\ mdxa* nixa* 
 nagk. Ganehi^ mi' alhuyux yul^m, hawi ^an? habe^bini la4e\ 
 Mi' yeweyak"" cix; wili ^ixdil, cixs'i^ do^mk' ixdil. Mi'^sga^ 
 ogoihi xamk' wa-iwi', n6''s' mi"=s hono^ ogoihi; wili ^ixdil, 
 gasi^ mi'^sgawi^ ogoihi. "Wede hono^ yap!a ga-iwkt'p'. 
 
 ■ Probably for ha-uyd'- , " under-went." 
 
 'Literally, "mouth-talking they-came-with-it." 
 
 ' It is not at all clear what is meant by this word. It is evidently some epithet 
 of Eagle, as indicated by the "exclusive " suffix -t'a. The Grizzly Bears mean that 
 they saw some one shine afar off and took him for Eagle, but then discovered their 
 mistake. 
 
 *This is a "story-form," the normal form being k'wiiiax-. Compare with the 
 form given in the text the Upper Takelma k'li'uniiks-t' " his kin." 
 
B. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 127 
 
 hid him. Now her father, for his part, "e°', e°', e"', e"'," 
 did smell him, but nothing said the girl. 
 
 Then it became evening and the sun went under. Now 
 they came, talking to one another they came, close they came 
 talking to one another. "I, for my part, did think it was Eagle 
 sbexalt'a,^ shining, shining. ' Catch up with him, catch up 
 with him. Kinsman!' " said the Grizzly Bears of ten houses 
 talking with each other as now, having gone out to war, they 
 returned. And babies they carried, and the children cried as 
 they carried them. Now they went into the houses. " Ecce 
 tibi vulvam," id patri suo dixerunt, vulvam ei dederunt. At 
 matri suae " Ecce tibi penem, ecce tibi testes, " dixerunt. " Ecce 
 tibi intestina, ' ' patri suo dixerunt ; infantes patri suo ut ederet 
 dederunt. Now they ate them swallowing them down greedily, 
 the intestines of people they gobbled down. Now then, 'tis 
 said, he who was without speech to his elder sister, right there 
 did proceed, and in her hair he bit, but she struck him. 
 
 Then, 'tis said, the next day came, and again, when it dawned, 
 they went out to war. Now then, when they had all departed, just 
 then the Grizzly Bear girl took out her husband. Then Eagle, 
 the handsome youth, did bathe. Then food the Grizzly Bear 
 girl gave to him; she, for her part, did not eat people — camass 
 she ate and manzanita, that did she, for her part, eat. Then, 
 'tis said, "Are not L-your teeth sharp? Sharpen them!" said 
 old man Grizzly Bear and his wife to each other. Now their 
 daughter, "What did you say? Take care of yourselves!" 
 said the Grizzly Bear girl, to her father and mother she said 
 it. Now then, 'tis said. Eagle went out to hunt. Not yet had 
 it become noon, and he returned with venison; there were ten 
 houses, so ten deer he had killed. One he gave to the Grizzly 
 
 *Each syllable in this sentence is pronounced heavily and by itself. It is 
 evidently desired to convey an idea of the lumbering ungainliness- of the grizzly 
 bears. 
 
 ' It was not found possible to ascertain just what -i'gW "iife'^ means. The da- 
 in dahaux- (, -k'al-, -doi^m-, -gwas-)t'git' means probably "in mouth, for eating." 
 These sentences are pronounced with the clumsiness noted above. 
 
138 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 i'ltslak"'. A'ga yaxa gkip' cix. 'Mi' algtixwiddm wok','^ 
 ndt'bal Wede hon6^ yap!a gwa'^si' ga-iwkt'p'," nagd-ihi^ 
 xamk' wa-iwi\ nixa ga nagk; n6"s'wi^ aldil ga nagk molo- 
 gola'p'aklan lomtli' wili 4xdi^l aldi gu"xgwkt'. 
 
 Gas'f aga^a k'abaxaklan ga p'eMxa^ be^vi^; agas'F wa-iwi' 
 yow6"da^ dey^hal wili mi'^sga'^ ganku, lomt!!' guxdagwadi^l, 
 gasi^ dap!d.la-u ga'plini, ga mi'^sga^n' yiwin wd'k'i^ t!os■6"t'a^ 
 Ganehi^ k'di na^nagd'^ cix gayawand^ be. Ganehi^ mi' be^ 
 ha-uyand^gulugwana^ tslaykm t'.it'gwa xamk' wa-iwi', mi' 
 p'61xa^s^k yfeuguluk'; mi' daho^xa la*le\ Ganehi^ mologola'- 
 p'aklan lomt!i'la'p'ak!an xiimtl^k' p'.iyin yamxda* gayawana^ 
 be^VaMiV habe^bini ligik"" cix^k yol6m. 
 
 Ganehi^ yewe'^ p'elxd^s; yawd'^ "Gi'^a ga mi"^wa nagai- 
 t'e^his, weklklk', weklklk'," nagd-idal " Gas'i^ 'K'n^nax 
 yomo' nagd,^n, wi^in yaxa la4e\" naga-ihi^ yawa-ida^. Abai- 
 gini^k', ha'''pxis-i« yot'i'hi ligik'^. "i'da dado'^iit'git' 4't'e^" 
 nixa ga naga. "i'da hahaux^ denit'glt'* i't'e^. i'da dahapxi- 
 t'git' i't'el" — "Hawi bo" ne ga-iwdn dewenxa." Gwel-yaxa- 
 mats'.kk', agasi^ be^Va^di' ykmx gayawand,^ Ganehi^ dewenxa 
 la^le, hono^ p'el6xa^. Ganehi^ yap!a he^ileme^k' ; bo'^gwan' 
 ya*niauda^H dihauxa tlit'gwa baiyeweykk"'. Ganehi^ p!agd'^ 
 yulilm dap!ald.-u. Ganehi^ he^ne yd^hi xtima ogoihi tlit'gwa. 
 "Yu'k'alxde^ mi' di ^ni^ k'ki? daddk'da^k'," nagd,sa^nhi« 
 mologol tlit'gwadin. " K'd,i naga-it'p'? c6^ de'gwdlt'gwi'p',"' 
 nagdhi^ nixa md,xa xamk' wa-iwi'. " Haxiyd gup.' gwas, 
 
 1 Literalljr, "now to-our-heart it-has-arrived." 
 *That is, when given the disgusting food as customarily. 
 'So heard, perhaps incorrectly, for mii'sga^. 
 
 * Literally translated, this word seems to mean "day its-body, j. r., whole 
 extent.'' 
 
E. SAPIK — TAKELMA TESTS. 1S9 
 
 Bear girl, one also he gave next door; there were ten houses, 
 so that one to each he gave. " Do not again eat people, it is bad. 
 Just eat this venison. ' Now we are satiated, ' shall you say.'' 
 Do not again eat the intestines of people, ' ' said the Grizzly Bear 
 girl, to her mother that she said; in every neighboring house 
 to all the old women that she said, the old men in all the ten 
 houses being wived. 
 
 Now these sons of theirs, for their part, those did go out 
 to war every day; and where the girl was there were five, — 
 the old man and his wife, then two youths, of those one being 
 without speech, the smallest one. Then, 'tis said, they enjoyed 
 themselves, eating venison all day. Now then, when the sun 
 was about to go under, the Grizzly Bear girl hid her husband, 
 and those that had gone out to war, for their part, were about 
 to return. Now it became evening. Then, 'tis said, the old 
 women and the old men were full, having eaten the fat of deer 
 the livelong day, (for) at noon Eagle had brought home venison 
 indeed. 
 
 Then returned those that had gone out to war. They 
 talked to one another, saying, " I, for my part, did think it 
 must be that one, shining, shining. Thereupon ' Kinsman, 
 catch up with him!' I said to him, but it turned out to be 
 a different one, ' ' said they, talking to one another. They 
 went into the houses, and live children they brought home. 
 " Ecce tibi testes," id matri suae dixertint. " Ecce tibi vulvam, 
 mammas. Ecce tibi infantes," (id patri suo dixerunt). "Well, 
 in yet a little while I '11 eat it tomorrow. ' ' They just put them 
 down in the back of the house, as they had been eating fat the 
 livelong day. Then, 'tis said, the next day came, and again they 
 went out to war. Then people they destroyed. Just as soon 
 as they had gone away, after that she took out her husband. 
 
 5 Why ha- is here used instead of da- it is not quite easy to say; ha-, " in," and 
 haux may well be etymologically connected, -t'git' seems to be understood with 
 hahaux. 
 
 'de-, not da-, because of following palatal vowel. 
 
 ' Presumably compounded of 60" and gant. 
 
 < Singular imperative in form, though logically plural. 
 
130 ANTHEOPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 wede hond^ ga-iwkt'p'," nagdhi^ mologola'p'aklan lomtli'- 
 la'p'aklan. 
 
 Ganehi^ mi' hono^ alhuyflx yulum. Habe^bini la4e, mi' 
 hon6^ ligik"^ ixdil cix mahmi. Ganehi^ hono^ watlilik'ni 
 mi'^sgaVi^ ogoihi. " Gd yap!a ga-iwank' clx," nagd-ihi^ 
 xamk' wa-iwi'. "Wede hond^ yap!a ga-iwkt'p' lik'wi^"' 
 nagd-ihi^ xamk' wa-iwl', mologola'p'aklan lomtli'la'p'aklan 
 ga nagk. Ag^s'i^ h6"xk ligigwand.^ yap! a do"md,l haUxda* 
 gwas ni, ga k!ulsdt'a^ deligi^lt' yu'k'alx wdk'il Ganehi^ 
 hono^ yew6'^; mi' daho"xa la^lit'a^ agds'i^ wa-iwi' mi' tslaykm 
 tlit'gwa. Gane yew6'^ p'elxd.^s mena dap!a'la-ut'an. 
 
 " Gi'^k yulum sbexalt'a ge mi'Va nag^it'e^" naga-ihi^ 
 yawd.-ida^ Ganehi^ "Yo'teo k'ti^'nax," nagd,-ihi^ yawa-ida^ 
 "'Weklalk', weklalk',' nagd-ida^ wi^in yaxa la4e\" nag^-ihil 
 Ganehi^ abaigini^k'. "i'da hami dahalixt'git' i't'e^; i'da hinde 
 dado'tot'git' i't'e^ i'da dak'dlt'git' i't'e^" nagd,-ihi^ nixa gwas 
 ogoihi. "Dewenxa ga-iwd.n, be'^^waMi yokla'' tsMadaddnda^ 
 ga xumu"gwd,^n, " nagd-ihi^ mologola'p'a tlit'gwadi^l; gwashi 
 gwel- yaxa-mats!kk'. Nd^s" gana^nex hono^ mdxak!an haux 
 deligidlt'hi, nixaklans'i^ k'al deligidlt'hi do"m gwas plan, ga 
 deligid,lt'hi. Gw?ne di wede deli'gdlt'k' mdxaklan nixaklan; 
 yu'k'alx wd,k'i^ ga ga^al deligidlt'hi klulskt' gwas. Ganehi^ 
 " Bo" ne ga-iwdn dew6nxa yo"^k' ts'.adaddnda^ Xi^ va* 
 klemenda^ ga u^gwd^n be^Va^di'," nagd-ihi^ mologola'p'aklan 
 lomtli'la'p'aklan. A'n? hono^ gayau gwas k'kl haux; 
 xamk' wa-iwi' "Wede hond^ ga-iwdt'p'," nagd,'^; "k'diVa 
 
 '=/{»fe''''-gt', conditional of ligi-gw-: lii-gw-. 
 
E. SAPIK — TAKELMA TEXTS. 131 
 
 Then, 'tis said, the Eagle youth bathed. Now just then she 
 gave food to her husband. " Now have you no teeth? Sharpen 
 them!" said the old woman and her husband to each other. 
 " What did you say? Take care of yourselves! " did the Grizzly 
 Bear girl say to her mother and father. " Into the water throw 
 away the intestines, do not again eat them, ' ' said she to the old 
 women and old men. 
 
 Now then again Eagle went out to hunt. Noon came, and 
 again he brought home ten big deer. Then again he distrib- 
 uted theim, one to each he gave. "That is what people will 
 eat, venison," said the Grizzly Bear girl. "Do not again eat 
 people when they bring them home," said the Grizzly Bear 
 girl, to the old women and old men that she said. But the day 
 before, when they had brought home the testicles and vulvae 
 of people, intestines, and nipples, that soft food had they 
 brought home for them to eat, being without teeth. Then 
 again they returned, and when the evening came, then did the 
 girl hide her husband. Now did return those that had gone 
 out to war, the Bear youths. 
 
 "I, for my part, did think it was Eagle sb6xalt'a there," 
 said they, talking to one another. Then, 'tis said, " ' Catch 
 up with him. Kinsman!'" said they, talking to one another. 
 " ' Shining, shining,' though you said, a different one it turned 
 out to be, ' ' they said. Then they went into the houses. ' ' Ecce, 
 pater, tibi vulvam. Ecce, mater, tibi testes, ecce tibi penem, ' ' 
 dixerunt ; matri suae intestina dederunt. " Tomorrow I shall 
 eat it; since I munched their bones the livelong day, therefore 
 I am satiated, ' ' said the old women and their husbands ; the 
 intestines, indeed, they just put down in the back of the house. 
 In the neighboring houses also they thus brought vulvae to 
 their fathers for food, but to their mothers they brought penises 
 as food, testicles, intestines, and livers, that did they bring them 
 as food. How long did they not bring them home for their 
 fathers and mothers to eat ? They were without teeth, for that 
 
 ' Xi, "water," i. c, soup. 
 
132 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 i'ltslak'^ 'Mi' xumu"gwankk',' ndt'ba^" nag^-ihi^ xamk' 
 
 wa-iwi'. 
 
 Ganehi^ mi' hono^ yewe''' p'elxa^s, yawa'^ agds'i^ mi' 
 tsMaykm tlit'gwa yuliim. " Gi'^a yulum sb^xalt'a ga mi'%a 
 nagait'e^" nagd.-ihi'^ yawa-ida^ xamk' dap!a'la-ut'an yew^ida^. 
 " Gas'i* 'K'u"nax yomo' nagd,n, wi^in yaxa la^le, " nagd,-ihi^, 
 agasi^ xamk' wa-iwi' da^e^lkk'"^ 6pxak!an yawd,-ida^ Mi' 
 " Gane bo" ne^ dew6nxa ga-iwan," nagand^k'i gwelya^- 
 matslasga. Ganehi^ dewenxa la^lit'a^ mi' hond^ p'elexa^ 
 k'abcLxaklan. Dihd-uda mi' gwas haxiya k!uwu, wili 4xdTl' 
 yapla gwa^si' haxiya k!uwu; agd,s'i^ mena " Gayau mI'Va," 
 nagcL-ihis, xamk' dap!a'la-ut'an maxak!an gayau mi'^wa. 
 Ganehi^ mi' hon6^ p!aga'^ yulum dap!ald-u dihauxa. Ganehi^ 
 xum.a ogdihi, ba-id6hene^n. 
 
 Ganehi^ mi' hono'' alhuyux; ixdil hono^ tlomom cix, 
 hdbe^bini ligik'^. Ganehi^ wat'.ilik'ni n6"s- aldri wili mi'^s- 
 gaVil Ganehi^ lomt'i'la'p'aklan mologola'p'aklan k'di na^- 
 nagd'^ cix gayawana^ ykmx gayawand,^• dni* hono^ vap!a 
 gayau. Wili mi'^sga^ ganku dehal, nd^s'lii ga'plini lomtll' 
 guxdagwadi^, wili ^ixdil ga'^mwi^ ganku; gd yulum do^mia 
 gelgulugwdn p'el6xia-udal Gas'i^ yew6ida^ "Yulum sb^xalt'a 
 mi'Va nagdit'e^" nagd-ihi'', gana^nex yawd.**. " 'W^k.'alk', 
 w6k!alk',' nagd-ida« gas'i^ ga%l k'u"nax 'Yomo,' nagdn; yap!a 
 wi4n ydMane\" Gdhi nagd'^ xkmk'. Gw?n6 la^le; hemdi 
 wede p'elxkk'? xa^newP hapxi ligik"^. Ganehi^ gwass'i^ be^vi^ 
 ligik'^; gw?ne di wede lik'"? Gane'hi^ gw?n6 lane\ mi' 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 133 
 
 reason did they bring home for them soft food to eat, intestines. 
 Then, 'tis said, " Well, soon I shall eat it tomorrow, for I have 
 been munching bones. Just soup having made, that did I 
 drink the livelong day, ' ' said the old women and old men. No 
 longer did they eat intestines, penises, vulvae. The Grizzly 
 Bear girl had said, " Do not eat them again, it is evil, bad. 
 ' Now we are satiated,' shall you say, " said the Grizzly Bear girl. 
 
 Now then again, 'tis said, did return those that had gone 
 out to war, and now she hid her husband Eagle. " I, for my 
 part, did think that was Eagle sbexalt'a, said the Grizzly Bear 
 youths,, talking to one another as they returned. " Thereupon 
 'Kinsman, catch up with him!' was he told, but a different 
 one it turned out to be, ' ' they said, while the Grizzly Bear girl 
 did hear her elder brothers as they talked to one another. Now 
 " Well, soon now shall I eat it tomorrow, " were (the old people) 
 wont to say, down in the back of the house they always just 
 put them. Then, when the next day came, now again did their 
 sons go out to war. And behind their backs they threw the 
 intestines into the water, the ten houses^ did throw the intestines 
 of the people into the water, but the bears did think, " They're 
 probably eating them;" the Grizzly Bear youths (did think 
 about) their fathers that probably they were eating them. 
 Now then again, 'tis said, the Eagle youth bathed after they had 
 left. Then she gave him food, and he finished eating. 
 
 Now then again he went out to hunt; again ten deer he 
 killed, and brought them home at noon. Then he distributed 
 them to all the neighboring houses, one to each house. Then the 
 old men and the old women enjoyed themselves, eating venison, 
 eating fat; no longer they ate people. In one house there were 
 five, but next door there were two and the old man and his 
 wife, in the ten houses there were two each; that Eagle was it 
 intended to kill when they went out to war. And then, when 
 they returned, "Eagle sbexalt'a I thought it was," they said, 
 thus they talked to one another. " ' Shining, shining, ' since you 
 
 ' That is, the old people of the ten houses. 
 
134 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PDB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSlJUM, VOL. II. 
 
 hono^ p'elx^^s yd,« we^gia-uda^ agdsi^ daho^xa ligild,^" xamk' 
 yap'.k. 
 
 Ganehi^ hono^ mi^ alhuytix yultim, hon6« habe^bini yewe'^ 
 ixdil cix pliyin ligik'^, ixdil tlomomaM^ ga %ldil lap'. Gas'f 
 aga mologola'p'aklan lomt!i'la'p'ak!an yap!a gwaM' haxiya 
 yd^ k!uwu'^auk'; ^n? hon6« gayati k'kl hafix ni gwas hapxi 
 p!an, cix gayafl, ydmx gayaH. Ganehi^ dali6"xa la^le 
 hayfeaxda'-da 6pxakan, he^ne tslayaim tlit'gwa xamk' waiwi'. 
 Ganehi^ mi' hond^ dalio"xk yewe'«- " Gi^a yulum sbexalt'a 
 mI'Va nagd-it'e^his, gas'i^ ga%l k'u^nax 'Yom5,' naga^n," 
 nag^-ihi^ yawa-idal " 'Weklalk', weklalk',' nag^-ida^ yap'.a 
 wMn yaxa lane\"— "i'da dado"mt'git' i't'e^ Ida dak'alt'git' 
 i't'e^. "— " i'da dahauxt'git' i't'e^ hami; i'da denit'git' i't'e^" 
 iiagd.hi^ maxa. Ganehi^ gwelmatslak' yaxk. " Dewenxa 
 ga-iwan," nagd-ihi^ mologola'p'aklan lomt!i'la'p'ak!an, n6"s'wi^ 
 ga nagd'^, aldil wili ^ixdil. 
 
 Ganehi^ mi' t'.aykk'; mi' daguluk'. " Gwidi ^na^nagd'^ 
 eme^? dm gayau; ge^a gaya-u di? Agdhi^ ligigwanagdm dni^ 
 gayaH; g6^a gaya-u di?" — "Hit', dn? gayau," n6"s"wi^ dak'- 
 dahalsa^n. Ganehi^ wa-iwi' wili' ganku ge hond^ de^wiliwid"^, 
 "Ge^a gaya-u di?"— "Hit'. Agdhi^ honox k'u'"nax t'dpxa'' 
 
 ' Observe that the usitative or frequentative form of the intransitive verb ligi- 
 " come home (with game)" is ligilag-, while the corresponding form of its comitative 
 derivative ligigw- "fetch home (game)" is liwilhagw-. 
 
B. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 135 
 
 said, for that reason was Kinsman told, 'Catch up with him!' 
 but a different person it turned out to be." Just that the 
 Grizzly Bears said. A long time elapsed. When did they not 
 go out to war? and sometimes they brought home children. 
 And then intestines they brought home every day. How often 
 did they not bring them home? Now, 'tis said, a long time 
 elapsed, and again they who went out to war did go off when 
 it dawned, and in the evening the Grizzly Bears were wont to 
 bring home people. 
 
 Now then again did Eagle go out to hunt, again at noon he 
 returned; ten deer he brought home — ^having killed ten, all of 
 those he carried on his back. Now these old women and old 
 men always threw away the intestines right into the water, 
 not again did they eat penises, vulvae, nipples, intestines, 
 children, livers, but venison they ate, fat they ate. Then in the 
 evening came the time of the returning of the elder brothers, 
 then the Grizzly Bear girl always hid her husband. Now then 
 again, 'tis said, in the evening they returned. " I, for my part, 
 did think it must be Eagle sbexalt'a, so for that reason to Kins- 
 man 'Catch up with him!' I said," said they, talking to one 
 another. " ' Shining, shining, ' since you said, but a different 
 person it turned out to be. ' ' — " Ecce tibi testes, ecce tibi penem, ' ' 
 (matri suae dixerunt). " Ecce tibi vulvam, pater, ecce tibi 
 mammas." Then, 'tis said, they just put them down in the 
 back of the house. "Tomorrow I shall eat it," said the old 
 women and old men, in every neighboring house they said that 
 — all the ten houses. 
 
 Now then, 'tis said, they found it out, now they were about 
 to find it out. "What's happening here? They do not eat it. 
 Have they been eating it over there? These that we brought 
 home they did not eat. Have they been eating it over there?" 
 ^"No, they have not eaten it," they answered one another 
 from house to house. Then into the girl's house, there also they 
 shouted, "Have they been eating it over there?" — "No. The 
 other day this Kinsman to his elder sister, right there he went 
 and in her hair he bit, ' ' they said. " And Eagle is always bring- 
 
136 ANTHKOPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 wa^da ge yexa' nagii'^ ti'ltik'.i' gadkl yegw^k""," nagd-ihi^ 
 "Gang yulums-i^ ligild^k' cix liwilh6k'^, gas'i^ gayawan^^ an? 
 hond^ yap'.a gayau;" no^s's-i^ hono^ ga nag^'l Wa-iwi'si^ an? 
 yiwiyd,"^ "Yulum sbexalfas'i^ ligild^k', cix gayaik', gasl^ 
 ga^'al AnP do'tadl yap! a gayau," nagasa^nhi. 
 
 Ganehi*' dewenxa la^'lit'a^ mi' hono^ p'elexa^ Ganehi^ 
 leme^x, mi' da^lt'i an? da^md,xau leme^x. Mi' yok!oI hanx- 
 dagwan guxwi', wilihi xa^^alt!and,hi.' Ganehi^ lemek!ia-uda%i 
 he^ne t'.it'gwa baiyeweykk'"^. Mi' haxiyd gini^k', p!aga'^ yuliim. 
 Mi' ^alt'.aykk'. "S'ni' ma^a nagdsbinda^ ga ga^al an? yap'.a 
 gayafl nagd,sbinda^ " mi' yawd,'^ gd, ganau gehi dd.k't!emex. 
 " Yumu^k' he^ne," naganhi^ yiwin wo'k'i*^, gd,hi hogwd^sda*; 
 "wede gflxdagwa wd,Ma wok' k'.emnkt', xa'Vinhi yumii^k'," 
 nagdnhi^. Ganehi^ abaiyewe"* aga^a yulum p'.aga-ida^. Ganehi^ 
 xuma ogoihi xamk' wa-iwi', geyewfelx' tlifgwadiH; aga^a xamk' 
 wa-iwi' an? yap'.a gayau, dip' gaya-u a'k'^k. Ganehi^ ba- 
 idehen^^n. 
 
 " Gane alhuyuxde^" nagd'^ agas'i^ xamk' wa-iwi' vokloi 
 opxak'.an ho"xas'i^ "Yulums'i^ cix liwilhdk"', " ga nagd-ida^. 
 "Gane s'd^ tiliikli^t' t'ba'klamt',"* nagahi^ t'.it'gwa xamk' 
 wa-iwi'. "Me^ye^vd^' he^nfe, wede gwiddt' hiwilwkt'," nag^hi^ 
 t'.it'gwa. Gane ya^ als'o"mal yulum; agdsi^ xamk' ga nagd,*^, 
 "Da^md,xau gingd^t'. 6^ yewe da^61 xebe^yagwanagdm, gux- 
 dagwa yewe wd^da hiwili"^" nagd-ihi^ xkmk'. Ganehi^ 
 da^m^xau la^ifa^, gani^ " K'u'"nax yumu'=k' he^ne," nag^hi^ 
 Ganehi^ mi' sgelewd.lt', "Ba4- ba+ "= Gwenddk'alyewe'^ 
 giixdagwa wdMa, abais'i^ xamk' wa-iwi' mi' 'ik'.u"mdnk'wa, 
 se'^nsixdagwa t'bd'^gamt', mdxla d?alk'd''p'gwa. Ddk'wili' 
 
 ' For yaxa. 
 
 2 Literally, "they between-eye-held it," 
 
 2 So heard for geyewHix, intransitive form of gayau. 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 137 
 
 ing home game, deer he is always bringing home, so that eating 
 that they no longer eat people;" and next door also they said 
 that. But the girl did not speak. " So Eagle sbexalt'a is 
 always bringing home game, and venison they always eat, so 
 that for that reason they eat not the testicles of people, ' ' they 
 said to one another. 
 
 Then, when the next day came, now again they went out 
 to war. Then they all departed; now near by, not far away, 
 they departed. Now her brothers' hearts she knew, the house 
 indeed they watched.^ Then, just when they had departed, 
 then her husband she took out. Now into the water he went. 
 Eagle bathed. Now they discovered him. " S-didn't I tell 
 you, for that reason they have not been eating people, I told 
 you ? ' ' Now they talked to one another ; for that reason right 
 there they were assembled together. " You shall catch up with 
 him then, ' ' he who was without speech was told, just that one 
 was their runner. " Do not let him come to his wife, catch up 
 with him half way, ' ' he was told. Then, 'tis said, this Eagle, 
 for his part, returned to the house when he had bathed. Then 
 food the Grizzly Bear girl gave him, she and her husband ate; 
 this Grizzly Bear girl, for her part, did not eat people, camass 
 did she, for her part, eat. Then, 'tis said, they finished eating. 
 
 "Now I'll go out hunting," he said, but the Grizzly Bear 
 girl knew that yesterday her elder brothers " So Eagle has been 
 bringing home venison," that were saying. "Now tie your 
 hair tight," * said the Grizzly Bear girl to her husband. " Then 
 back you shall come, do not run off anywhere," she said to her 
 husband. Then to the mountains went Eagle. But the 
 Grizzly Bears that did say, " Far off let him go. Oh, should 
 we perchance do away with him near by, to his wife perchance 
 he runs," said the Grizzly Bears. Then, 'tis said, when far 
 away he had gone, then "Kinsman, catch up with him!" then 
 they said to him. Now then, 'tis said, they shouted to him, 
 
 *This is a sign of preparation for combat. 
 'Held out long in a loud whisper. 
 
138 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 ba^ginfk'. Sgelewdlt', "Yom5, yom6, k'u'"nax," yiwin wo'k'i^ 
 ga hog'^d.^s, ts!a-uyd.^s. Ganehi^ dihd-uda ganga di'da tlandhi. 
 Ganehi^ guxdagwa wd^'da wok', dint'gwa igwidigwkt' tlit'gwa. 
 Ganehi^ yiwin w6'k'i^a wok'. " Gwendesgi'bi^n, " naga-i^his 
 xamk' wa-iwi'; waxa ba-iyow6n, albe^ yd* tleye^s. 
 
 Ganehi^ wi^n wok', gwendesgi'p'; mi'^s hono^ wok', gwen- 
 desgi'p'; gwendesgiplisgap' he^deleme^k' 6pxak!an. AbaiVaye- 
 wgnhi, md,xa nixa gwendesgip'.isgap'; n6^s' gini^k', hono^ 
 ges'i^ hono^ gwendesgiplisgap', he^delem6%' ; wili 4xdiH 
 mologola'p'aklan lomt'.i'la'p'ak'.an biis' k'.emfei. Ganehi^ 
 a'ida^xi yd,* heye^x t!it'gwadi^l. Ganehi klixixa^ he^ileme^' ; 
 gane alxali t'.it'gwadiH. 
 
 Ganehi^ dabalnixa la*le\ an? hon6^ alhuyux yiolum, wildu 
 yaxa k'.emfei. He^add.^ yultun niaxa^a yok'.oi gwi k'abdxa^a 
 ci^ulit'al " Hop'.fe'^nsi^ 'Wede ge gingkt',' nagd,^n," nagd-ihi^ 
 mex, k'abdxa nagk. Ganehi^ dabalnixa la*le^. Mi' ykmx 
 kloloi dulvL'"t!alhi, sbedesbat'hi. Mi' yd.^; ge gini^' k'abd.xa 
 wa*da mex, wili de^ise^k'.ik"^^ ganau alxali yultun guxdagwa- 
 dri. "5+ wihkm," nagd-ihi^ yuliini. " K'ai naga-it'?" 
 nagd-ihi^ mena wa-iwi'. " 'Wiham,' nagait'e^" nagd,-ihi^ 
 yultim. " Gwidis'i^ gi'^k wihkm? gwidi gi'^k wl^wa? gwidi gi'^k 
 w?obllian^k?" nagd-ihi^ xamk' wa-iwi\ "Gwidi wihin%? 
 gwidi wihdmharfk?" Dayow6"^sda^hi ba-igini^k', gwendesgi'p'; 
 kloloi yd* gwenVat'geits'Iik'wa gwendesgi'binma^ mex. Abai- 
 yew6'^ yulum^a dlt'gi'yklx. "Gwidi na^naga-it'?" nagd,hi^ 
 
 'White war paint. Hence the spot of white nowadays on the foreheads of grizzly 
 bears. 
 
E. SAPIE — XAKELMA TEXTS. 139 
 
 "Ba+ ba+!" Back towards his wife he "retiirned, and the 
 Grizzly Bear girl now was ready for them inside, tied her hair up, 
 dust on her forehead she clapped.^ Up on top of the house she 
 went, they shouted to him," Catch up with him, catch up with 
 him, Kinsman!" He who was without speech, that one was 
 the runner, the fast runner. Then, 'tis said, right behind him 
 he almost caught up with him. Then to his wife he came, 
 behind her she pushed her husband. Then he who was with- 
 out speech, for his part, did arrive. "His neck I'll cut," 
 thought the Grizzly Bear girl; she missed her younger brother, 
 right up to the sun he flew. 
 
 Then, 'tis said, another one arrived, his neck she cut; one 
 again did arrive, his neck she cut; she cut all their necks, her 
 elder brothers she annihilated. She went back into the house 
 to her father and mother, and cut their necks; next door she 
 went and also there again cut their necks, annihilated them; 
 the old women and the old men of the ten houses she did away 
 with. Then, 'tis said, just they alone were left, she and her 
 husband. Then, 'tis said, she finished, she had annihilated 
 them. Now they dwelt, she and her husband. 
 
 Then a long time elapsed. Not again did Eagle go out 
 hunting, only arrows he made. Way off yonder Eagle's father, 
 for his part, did know where his son was dwelling. " Now long 
 ago I said to him, ' Do not go there,'" said Crane, of his son he 
 said it. Then a long time elapsed. Now a basket tight with 
 fat he filled, in he stuffed it. Now off he went ; there to his son 
 did Crane go. In the house with open door was sitting Eagle 
 and his wife. "Oh, my father!" said Eagle. "What did you 
 say?" said the Bear girl. "'My father,' I said," said Eagle. 
 " But where is my father, for my part? Where is my younger 
 brother, for my part? Where are my elder brothers, for my 
 part?" said the Grizzly Bear girl. "Where is my mother, for 
 my part? Where are my fathers, for my part?" Just when 
 she had ceased from her talking, she went out of the house, and 
 
 'Passive participle of de^isieg- : -siek!-, "open the door." 
 
140 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 t'.it'gwa. " Yel^^sgwadeV ' nagk, yultun dexeb^^n; yokloi 
 wala^ t'agd-ida^ 
 
 Ganehi^ alxali hon6^ wilau bi'lt'agwa debu'"k'i yuluni. 
 Ganehi^ dabalnixa la^le\ d.ik'wili' ba^ginfk'. " Ne" ba^geFyu," 
 naga guxdagwa. Mi' ba'^gePyowo^ abki, yttlums'f dd,k'wili 
 s'tf uluklixdagwa t'bd^gamt', wasgd.^'p'hi. Mi' yaxa dan 
 deguxwit'gwa gwidik'"^. " Guxwi' xa^p'.a-itcliwidi^n," nagd- 
 i^his. Ganehi^ mi' tslaykk' guxdagwa, aldaya^'hi^t'ga^lt'gkl. 
 Ganehi^ he^bili"^. "He"! Gwl'ha gingadd,^ g^nga wayana- 
 gwdsbin," nagd-ihi^ mi' xamk' wa-iwi', tlit'gwa nagk. Ganehi^ 
 dida^t'be^gamES. Ganehi^ ba-igini^k'; mi' wayank'"' tlltgwa. 
 " Hau hau Mu Mu hau, " gana^nex yiwiyd"^ xamk' wa-iwi'. 
 "Wi^obihan he^ilem^k !inda^ aPwaMidd,^ gwi'ha gingada^" 
 naga-ihil A'n? dabalnixa la^lit'a^ mi' yo''mi; mi' tslayak', 
 baxd^m ganga waMa. " Gwi'^ha gingadd^ ganga itlauxbin," 
 yiwiya-uda^ xamk' wa-iwi', yulums'i^ an? yiwiy^"^, tslayak' 
 yaxa; isi^ tslaykk', an? tlomom guxdagwa. Mi' wildut'a* 
 henguluk'; mi' yomok'waguluk' xamk' wa-iwi' yiwiya-uda^ 
 "Gwi'ha gingadal" Mi' wildut'a* buc lane\ mi'^sga^ va^ 
 heye^x; agasi^ mi' ti'lukli' ba-igwd'-s yulum%. 
 
 Mi' itlaag^uluk'; d6''k'isi p'im ba^wagexa^ gadkk' yulum. 
 Lasdlhi^fbd^k. "Tcli'ykt'k', tcli'yktk', tc!iV>it'k'!^ xa^sdlda 
 guxwi'^k." Gwenhi^gelkliyi^k'. " Xa^sdlda gux^^i'^k," nagdnhi^ 
 
 ' ^ douk' -hi'- . 
 
 2 High-pitched. Note that the form tdUy^Vk' is not the normal one; Mlc'ai 
 
E. SAME — TAKELMA TEXTS. 141 
 
 cut his neck; right next to the basket lay his head, Crane's 
 neck having been cut. She returned into the house; Eagle, 
 for his part, had tears running down his face. " What are you 
 doing?" she said to her husband. " I am sweating, " he said to 
 her, Eagle said so, but she knew really that he was weeping. 
 
 Then, 'tis said, again they dwelt together, and Eagle did 
 fill his quiver with arrows. Then a long time elapsed, up on top 
 of the house he went. " Well, He down belly up ! " he said to his 
 wife. Now she lay down belly up in ■ the house, but Eagle 
 on top of the house did tie his hair up tight, tight he made it. 
 Now a fiat water-worn rock she thrust on her breast. " Her 
 heart I shall split by shooting down, ' ' he thought. Now then 
 he shot at his wife, but it just bounced from her. Then away 
 he rushed. "He°! Wherever you will go, I shall just follow 
 you, ' ' now said the Grizzly Bear girl, to her husband she said 
 it. Then on the sides of her head she tied her hair. Then out 
 of the house she went, now followed her husband. " Hau, 
 hau, hdu, hdu, hau, hau, ' ' thus talked the Grizzly Bear girl. 
 " Since my elder brothers I did annihilate for your sake, 
 wherever you will go, (I shall follow you)," she said. When 
 not a long time had elapsed, then she caught up with him. 
 Now he shot at her, she kept coming towards him. " No matter 
 where you will go, I will just seize you, ' ' the Grizzly Bear girl 
 kept talking, but Eagle did not speak, he kept shooting; no 
 matter how much he shot at her, he did not kill his wife. Now 
 his arrows were about to give out, and the Grizzly Bear girl 
 was about to catch up with him as she kept saying, " No matter 
 where you will go!" Now his arrows were all used up. Just 
 one remained; and now Eagle's hair, for his part, was coming 
 loose. 
 
 Now she was about to seize him; up on top of a rotten 
 log did Eagle climb, he burst it with his feet. " My nephew, 
 my nephew, my nephew! between her toes is her heart, indeed. " 
 
 would be the form of ordinary speech, the ist per. sing. poss. -fk' not being ordi- 
 narily employed in terms of relationship. 
 
143 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 yuliim. Xa^sdlda liwild"^ ge ^yd^hi gux^^ p'.i' degu'lklalxgi^ 
 na^nagd'^. Mi'hi^ ge tslaykk' xa^sdlda; xap!a-it'bd*k'hi 
 guxwi'. "Wa'+^"> nagd-ihF xamk' wa-iwi^ mi' tlomom 
 guxdagwa. Agas'i^ tsMamal baiyugwd'' lane\ ga malak'wa 
 "Xa^sd,lda gux^'," nagalk'wanal Gweldi; bd^bM' le^p'lap'. 
 
 15. Chicken-Hawk Revenges Himself upon Medicine- 
 Men.' 
 
 Wili^ yow6s, hu"cti" k'enfe'p'igik""' gu^xgwkt'. Dabalnixa 
 an? yoklwoi goy6. Ganehi^ dabalnixa la^llt'a^ k'ai^la'p'akli 
 loho'^- gane a'k'da^xi la^le\ Ganehi^ wayd^ guxwi' xilam 
 lan§\ "Nek'di xebe^n? n6k'di gu"xdfek' lohon? Nek'asi^* 
 xebe^n. Amadi yok!oyd,% nek xeb^nda^" nagd.-ihi^ gelhewe- 
 hanal Wayd,^; gw?ne di wede walk? "Amadi yokloy^^n 
 nek xebenda^" nagd-ihi''; guxwi^ xilam la°'le\ guxdagwa 
 hasdlda^ gangdhi gelliew6hanal "Amadi yokloya^n nek 
 xebenda^" naga-ihil Gwi'^ne la'-le^ hemdi wede walk'? 
 Ganehi^ gwi^ne kliyi^k'; b^Hlebfet'. " K'di ga^al di gu"xdek' 
 lohd'^?" naga-ihi^ gelhewehanal 
 
 Ba-igini^k'; ha'^ya s6m, liwilk"^ mixalha goyo^k dida*- 
 t'be'^k't'bagamES. Mi' hono« addt'ci^ das'o^mkl liuk'.« " Ga di 
 xep'k', ga di gu"xdek gaik'?" nagd-ihi^ gelhewehana^ ; d.n? 
 nek' wa^himit', a'k'da^xi gana^n^x gelhewehau. Ganehi^ dan 
 wi'li' igi'na aba-iyeweida^ " Ga di xep'k' aga^a guxdek' 
 
 'A hoarse cry. 
 
 ^ As is shown by this and the following myth Chicken-Hawk plays a rather dis- 
 tinctive part in Takelma mythology. In both he swings aloft his stone knife and 
 cuts the necks of multitudes of his enemies. Against medicine-men (goyd) in partic- 
 ular is he supposed to be incensed, so that he is one of the favorite guardian spirits 
 of the s' omlohdlxa'' s . Like Nos. 21 and 22 below it is probable that this myth was 
 recited by the s' omlohdlxa'' s as a medicine-formula against the supernatural workings 
 of the goyb. 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 143 
 
 Back to her he turned. " Between her toes is her heart, indeed, ' ' 
 was Eagle told. Between her toes he looked, right there was 
 her heart, as though a fire were glowing. Now there between 
 her toes he shot at her, her heart he burst. " Wa' + ", "' said the 
 Grizzly Bear girl ; now his wife he had killed. So that the mouse 
 had become his rescuer, that one had told him, " Between her 
 toes is her heart," she telling him. 'Tis finished. Go gather 
 and eat your ba^p'-seeds. 
 
 15. Chicken-Hawk Revenges Himself upon Medicine- 
 Men.' 
 
 A house there was; Chicken-Hawk did have a woman, a 
 wife he had. For a long time he did not know about medicine- 
 men. Then, when a long time had elapsed, his wife did die, 
 and all alone he became. Then, 'tis said, he slept, sick had his 
 heart become. "Who did it? Who caused my wife to die? 
 Somebody indeed did do it. Would that I knew who did it!" 
 he said, thinking. He slept, how long did he not sleep? 
 "Would that I knew who did it!" he said; sick had his heart 
 become, ever thinking of^ his wife. "Would that I knew who 
 did it!" he said. A long time elapsed. How long did he not 
 sleep? Then, 'tis said, a certain time came and he arose. "For 
 what reason did my wife die?" he said, thinking. 
 
 Out of the house he went. On either side was a mountain ; 
 he looked, medicine-men, indeed, in great numbers had their 
 hair tied on both sides of their heads. Now again on the other 
 side did he look, on top of the mountain. " So those it was 
 that did it, those did eat up my wife?" he said, thinking; to 
 no one he talked, all by himself thus he thought. Then, 'tis 
 
 'So heard for k'ei'le'p'ikHk'w^ "woman-having, 'bewomaned,' " formed from 
 k'ai^ldap'a-k'i-, "woman," by means of suffix -k'l" with attendant ablaut of a to e. 
 
 'Probably to be explained as n^k'^a, "somebody, for his part," with contrasting 
 connective -si^. 
 
 'Literally, "in her foot(steps)." 
 
 •Inferential in form, despite its use in simple narrative. 
 
144 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 lohdida^?" nagd-ihi^ gelhew^hanal Ganehi^ " Wilik!isi!"i 
 gwenwayanaganhi/ gwensgut!lisgat. Gane hono^ adat's'i^ 
 gahi na^agk, gwenwayasgutllisgathi. 
 
 Ganehi^ ha'^ya liwild"^ gwi'^ yap! a altlayagina^ mi^ hono^ 
 gwenweyesg6"thi^ aldi yap! a gamd,xdi' gd na^nagk. Ganehi^ 
 yap!a h^^ileme^', bus klemfei. Ganehi^ a'k'da^xi ya''. Gane 
 ha'^ya liwild"^; ydp!a ^aloMkn, an? k'hl, d,n? hono^ gwi yap!a 
 ba-ik!iyisk'. Ganehi^ gwi'^ne lane\ dit'ga^tfk'umaMa gedat'hi 
 alxi'gin mfil t'ga^ mi'^s.' " K'di ga^al di hu"cu"^k ga na^nagk*^? 
 k'di ga%l dr yap!a gamdxdi bus k!em^i?" nag^nhi^ me^ 
 t'ga^ mi'^s dexebe^n. " Ne" go"nis'f daks'ini'da naba^=hkn,"° 
 naga-ihi^ me^l t'ga^ mi"=s; ik!u"nid,nk'wan. " Dak'da^da 
 nabd^hkn," nagd-ihi^ me^l t'ga"' mi'^s. Ganehi^ ge neye^ 
 ba-ide^dinixia^l Sgalauk' nagand^^'hi hu"cu", s 'as •inf. 
 " Gwent'ga^bdk'danda' tc!6"t!igi^ yd'* he*=ne ya* xe^bagwan," 
 naga-ihi^ gelhewehanal 
 
 Hawi d,n? yap! a he^ileme^k' ; a'k'da^xi s'asini, sgalduk, 
 nagand.^k'; Mwi yap!a ba-igini^k', yap!a neye^da^ ge nagd"*. 
 GanehF dak'dagwa liwilha"^ ge neyeda^ Gwi'^ne la^llt'a^ 
 gwent'ga^b6k'danda tc!6'^thi; aga yapla ge nagd-ida^ wayd^si^ 
 eme^ p!eyfe^ dasdlda. Ganehi^ bd^yank'^ h6Sne yd^ "Wiliklisi," 
 ddk'dagwahi gwenwayasg6"t'i, yap!a ne^ye^da^ p!a-ik!iyi^k'. 
 Ganehi^ ha'^ya wat!emexia"^; m^^yewe'^ gwent'ga^bdk'danda- 
 
 ' Exact meaning and analysis of form not clear. Presumably connected with 
 wiUii, "(stone) knife." 
 
 ''Literally, " he did to all their necks with his knife." 
 'weye heard for waya. 
 
E. SAPIR TAKELMA TESTS. 145 
 
 said, a stone knife he took as he returned into the house. " So 
 those it was that did bring it about that this wife of mine, 
 indeed, did die?" he said, thinking. Then " Wilik !isi ! " ' (saying 
 this), over their necks he swung his knife,^ their necks he cut. 
 Then again on the other side that same thing he did to them, 
 with his knife he cut their necks. 
 
 Then, 'tis said, on both sides he looked. Wherever he 
 found people, now also their necks he cut with his knife, that 
 to all raw' people he did. Now the people he annihilated, 
 exterminated he made them. Then, 'tis said, just all by him- 
 self he was. Then on either side he looked, for people he looked ; 
 there were none, nowhere did people come. Then, 'tis said, a 
 long time elapsed; off to the west, right over there were seen 
 the Crows, covering the land.^ "For what reason did Chicken- 
 Hawk, for his part, do that? For what reason did he anni- 
 hilate raw people? " He was spoken of, the Crows covering 
 the land said so. "Well, let us in our turn pass over him,"" 
 said the Crows covering the land, and they prepared themselves. 
 "Over his head let us pass," said the Crows covering the land. 
 Then there, 'tis said, they proceeded, in long rows they flew by. 
 Moving his head slightly from side to side did Chicken-Hawk 
 keep looking, there he stood. ' 'Just when they touch the nape 
 of the earth's neck,' just then shall I put an end to them," said 
 he, thinking. 
 
 Not yet did he annihilate the people. All by himself he 
 stood, moving his head slightly from side to side he looked. 
 Still the people were coming, in great number the people passed 
 there. Then, 'tis said, he kept looking above himself as there 
 they passed. When a long time had elapsed, they struck 
 against the nape of the earth's neck; while these people were 
 passing there, his knife lay here at his feet. Then, 'tis said, 
 
 *That is, such as were not medicine-men, "laymen. " 
 
 * Literally, "one earth." 
 
 "Literally, " let us all do {or be) over his nose." 
 
 ' That is, the extreme east. 
 
 10 
 
146 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 dhV, dit'ga*y6k!tima^dadkt' hawi baxdta. Ganehi^ wat!e- 
 mSxia"^ alwa^di'da. 
 
 Ganehi^ wa^'himidd.n hu"cu" mahki. " K'd.i ga%l di^ dg 
 na^na,ga-it' ? Wede gd,na^n6x yuk' t'ga* dehi k!iyd.k'il Wede 
 gana^nex ytik'," nagd.nhi^ s'as'ini, dale^lkk"'; wHt'geye^klin, 
 haco" ya^ s'as'ini. "WaW du^ ba-iginak'wi^' guyu he^ne 
 do"mana^ bo"s'i^ dn? duwugkt," nagdn. "Yap! a gamaxdi 
 he^ilemek!it'. Goyo g611ohogwiduk'i^' he^ne yd,^si^ yap!a 
 gamdxdi plh'h',"' nagd,nhi^ " Gana^nex yo^t' t'ga* dehi 
 kliydk'is," nagdnhi^ dd-^enkk"', men t'ga^ mi^s dexebe^n, ga 
 tclibink'wa. Nagan gane\ " Bo"s'i^ aga^a guxde^ gayawana^ 
 goyo, yap!a aid! he^ilem6k!it'; ml'^sga^hi do"mand,^ goyb:" 
 Ganehi^ gana^n^x t'ga^ ^k!u"minin, me^ t'ga* mi^s xebe^. 
 "Wede hon6^ ga na^nkt'," nagdnhi^; dn? dak'dahal, yap! a 
 da^-yaxa-le'lkk'^ " Gana^nex y6«t' t'ga^ dehi k!iyak'i^ yap!a 
 galk'i^ Wedes'i^ n6k' yap!a gamdxdi do"nik', goyohi yaxa 
 do"mand,^" naganhi^. 
 
 Ganehi^ lemek!ia"^, mi' hafgd^fgwa yewe'^ he^i'wdn. 
 Dabalnixa ga na^nkk' hu"cii", gas'i^ ga^al mel ba-igini^k; yap!a 
 he^il6m^k'na^' gas'i^ aga diha-u yd^ me^ ba-iginkk'^ ga ga^al 
 yd.* men alxi'^k'wok'^; yap!a he^Ilemek!ina^ gas'i^ aga ga ga^kl 
 ba-igini^k'. Mi' hd,*^yew6'^ aldil tiomomdnma^; hdnt' men 
 he^ilemek!in, gas'i^ aga gd ga^al ts'!ibin. Hd^^dkt' m^^yewe^, 
 no''dd.t's'i^ me^gini^', gas'i^ aga he^ne alt!emexia"^; he^ne ga 
 
 ' Literally, " if he should go out having him." The text form is the conditional 
 comitative of ginig-: gin(a)g-. 
 
 ' In other words, "with one of good conduct, one that has done no ill. " 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 147 
 
 he took it up; just then "Wiliklisi!" (saying this), right over 
 himself he cut their necks with his knife, and the people fell 
 down in great numbers. Then, 'tis said, from either side they 
 were coming crowded together; hither they were returning 
 from the east, still they were coming from the west. Then, 
 'tis said, they were assembled together all about him. 
 
 Then great Chicken- Hawk was spoken to. "For what 
 reason did you do that? Not thus shall it be when the world 
 goes on. Not thus will it be," he was told; he stood, listened. 
 On all sides was he surrounded, right in the middle he stood. 
 "Should he do away with^ one whose body is good,^ then the 
 medicine-man shall be killed, but now you did not do well," 
 he was told. "Raw people you have destroyed. Should they 
 take revenge for^ a medicine-man, then indeed shall raw people 
 lie down,"* he was told.' 'Thus shall it be when the world goes 
 on," he was told. He listened to them, the Crows covering the 
 land said so, that speech they addressed to him. Then he was 
 told, "But now since the medicine-men did eat up just this wife 
 of yours, all the people did you destroy. Just the medicine- 
 men alone are' to be killed. ' ' Then thus the world was fixed, 
 the Crows covering the land did so. "Do not again do that," 
 he was told; he did not answer them, to the people he kept 
 listening. "Thus will it be when the world goes on, when people 
 grow up. And no one shall slay raw people, just medicine-men 
 only shall be slain," was he told. 
 
 Then, 'tis said, they all went off, now back to their land they 
 returned, and he was left behind. For a long time had Chicken- 
 Hawk done that, so that for that reason the Crows did come; 
 as he had been destroying the people, therefore did these Crows 
 come last of all, just for that reason the Crows did see him; 
 as the people he had been destroying, thereupon these for that 
 reason did come. Now yonder they all returned, after they had 
 
 ' Literally, " if they should breast-die having him." 
 
 * " They shall lie down," euphemistic for " they shall lie slain. 
 
 'Observe the explanatory inferentials. 
 
148 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 nagdn aga ^alt'.emexia-udal Gas'i^ ga ga^al an? yap! a 
 gamdxdi tlomdamdan, g6yo yaxa tlomomdn; gas'i^ goyo 
 gellohoigwdnma^ ga ga^al yap!a gamdxdi tlomom^n. Gweldi, 
 ba^bi^t' le'p'lap'. 
 
 1 6. The Four Otter Brothers and Chicken-Hawk. 
 
 Biimxi gamg^m t'awaxagan ml'^sga^ ga t!ainayd,n hu"cu" 
 wd^da; da^and.* siwo'k'di yiik', gasi^ wa^da gini^', t'.emeyana"^ 
 Ganehi^ gwi^ne la''le\ yd^ yd^ ya^ Gehi lap'o" gwan ganku 
 liansg6"8s,i tlobagksk'.^ "Hen6!" A'n? ba^'dep'k'.^ Hans6"«- 
 k'6p'k'2 dayt^t'a^ he'^da'^da lap'6". Mi'^shi hono« yiwiya"^ 
 "Hene!" A'ni« ba^tlebet'. Ganehi« wa-iwi hono^ hans-o"^- 
 k'6p'k'.^ Ganehi^ hond^ m?s, "Hene! ge nagaitel" A'n? 
 witc!im^ '^i'sisi^ ga nagkn. Ganehi^ nai'^s hond^ yiwiya"^ 
 "Hene! ge nagdit'el" Lohdt' na^nex p!eye^; ani^ wi'tciiml 
 
 Ganehi*^ ml'^ga^ hey6^x. "Hene! ge nagdit'e^" ^'s"i^ ga 
 naga'^- Mi' tsMini'tsManx yap! a di^wa'nsgi't'a*, ga ga nagd^ 
 gane tsMinl'tsManx. " Gani k'ddi dn? wi'tc!imkt'?" Mi' 
 gadak' ts-!a'k'ts-!a%'; he^ne y^^ "He + ,"' nagd-ihi« lap'6", 
 yiwiyawd^s yiik'; ge nagd'^ "He-1-/ gwent'ga^bdk'danda 
 ginigdt'ba^ witc!d-ihan, he^il6^mxanbank'," nagd-ihi^ lap'6" ga 
 nagd.'^. Ganehi'^ ga nagd,-ida^ wa-iwi giixwi' xilam la*le\ 
 
 'Probably misheard for hansgdu'sk', inferential of hansgdus- ^han-sg6<id-x-. 
 Literally translated it means " he cut (intr.) across." 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 149 
 
 been slain; half the Crows had been destroyed, therefore these 
 for that reason did address him. From off yonder they had 
 returned hither, while from down river they were coming, so 
 that these were then crowded together; at that time was he 
 told that, when they here were crowded together. Now for 
 that reason are raw people never slain, only medicine-men are 
 slain; but when medicine-men are avenged, for that reason 
 are raw people slain. 'Tis finished. Go gather and eat your 
 ba^p'-seeds. 
 
 1 6. The Four Otter Brothers and Chicken-Hawk. 
 
 There were four Otters and one younger sister of theirs ; 
 that one to get married they took to Chicken-Hawk. A chief- 
 tain, I guess, he was, so that to him they went, with her they 
 went to get her married. Then a long time elapsed. They 
 went, they went, they went. Right there in the trail a snake 
 lay across, lay as though dead. "Away!" He did not stir. 
 The oldest jumped over him, there ahead of him was the snake. 
 And one again did say, "Away!" He did not stir. Then 
 again the girl jumped over him. Then one again (did say), 
 "Away! I'm going there." He did not move, no matter how 
 many times he was told that. Then one again did say, "Away! 
 I'm going there." Like dead he lay, he did not move. 
 
 Then one was left. "Away! I'm going there," over and 
 over again he said that. Now the youngest person became 
 angry, that one did say that, and angry he became. "Now 
 why do you not move?" Now on top of him he stepped; just 
 then " He -I- !"^ said the snake; he was capable of speech, as it 
 seemed. There he passed. "He+!^ To the east when you 
 go, my nephews, they will destroy you," he said, the snake 
 said that. Then, when he had said that, the heart of the girl 
 became sick. 
 
 2 Inferential forms. 
 
 ' Pronounced in a hoarse whisper. 
 
150 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. XI. 
 
 Gane yd^ ba^de^yeweyagwdn, ya^niyd"^ Ganehi^ wa-iwi' 
 t'agd.'^ t'agd-ida^ "a+, wi'^obiMn ye'wa^t' wisata," t'aga'^ 
 gana^n^x t'ag^-ida^ "Wi^obihan ye'^wd^t' wisaSm, ga nagdnma^ 
 'Wits'.aihan, he'^ile^inxbink','' nagd.nmal" Ganehi^ ya^ 
 gwis'i'w6k'di wok'ia"^ wili ^ixdi^l. Mi' bdmxi tlemyd.nwa'^s 
 ba-ik!iyi%'. Wili debinhi ha«ik!u"ininin; gi nag6}\ Mi'^s 
 hon6^ wili ha«ik!u"minin; ge nagd.*^ Mi'^s hono^ wili ha^Iu"- 
 minin; ge nagd'l Mi^ wili xibini dd.k'yank"'. Hono^ mi'^s 
 wili ha^ik!u"minin, dik'yank""; mi' wili gamgdm dik'yank"^. 
 Ml'% hono^ ha^iklu^minin; mi' hono^ dd.k'yank"'. Ganehi^ 
 hono^ mi'% bono*' ha^ik!u''minin wili; mi' hono^ ddk'yank"'. 
 Mi' wili ha^imi^s dd,k'yank'^ Mi' hond^ ddk'yank"'. M?s 
 hono^ ha^iklu^mkn; mi' hono^ ddk'yank"^. Ganehi^ mi'% bono? 
 ha^iklu'hninin; mi' wili ba^ig6 dak'yank"'. 
 
 Ganehi^ wili aga debin ga^ yd^hi ganau abaiginigid''^ Mi' 
 guxwi' datsla^mx wili ha^ig6 yaplk, ultims"i^ " Go'ta mi'^a 
 waddm tlemeydnwia"^," nagd'^ gas"i^ ga^kl wili ha^Iu'tainin. 
 " Go^m mi'^wa t'.emeydnwia"^ waddm," nagi-ihis. Ganehi' 
 alxali tlemyanwa^s; gane be^ dehal alxali bomxi mot'agwan^ 
 wd^da. Ganehi* be" dehal alxaliyand^ he^ne " Gam ya^nik', 
 gane no" yeweyik'," nagd-ihil 
 
 Agas'i^ mdt'a^t'an hu^cu" alxi'k' n6''c gwi na^ney6"da*, 
 yok!"'oi do"mgulugwd,n. "Mi' b6mxi no" yeuguluk'," ney^^hi^. 
 Mi' aga nd^s" ik'.u'^nSnk'wan. " Do"maba%ihkn, he^lemkli- 
 ba^^nihkn," nagd.-ihi^ aga n6"s" yap!k. " Dew^nxa yandguliik' 
 
 'Second per. sing, obj,, though the reference is to several persons. 
 ' " TJieir own brother-in-law" is more properly hdsdagwan in Takelma, ntdt'a- 
 gwan meaning ordinarily " their own son-in-law." It seems that mot'- is sometimes 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 151 
 
 Then they went, their journey was resumed, on they 
 went. Then the girl did cry, crying, "Ah, I wonder whether 
 my elder brothers will return!" She cried, thus crying, 
 "I wonder whether my elder brothers will return, since 
 that they were told, 'My nephews, they wiU destroy you,' since 
 they were told." Then they went, I don't know where they 
 arrived at the ten houses. Now the Otters did come, taking 
 their sister to get married. The first house was prepared for 
 them; there they passed. Again one house was prepared for 
 them; there they passed. -Now again a house was prepared 
 for them; there they passed. Now three houses they had gone 
 by. Again one house was prepared for them, they passed it by. 
 Now four houses had they passed by. One again was prepared 
 for them; now again they passed it by. Then again one house 
 was prepared for them; now again they passed it by. Now 
 six houses they had passed by. Now again they passed one by. 
 Again one they had prepared; now again they passed it by. 
 Then one again was prepared for them; now nine houses they 
 passed by. 
 
 Then this last house, just therein did they enter. Now 
 of the people of the nine houses the hearts were sore, for before 
 they had said, "It is to us probably that they are bringing her 
 to be married," so that for that reason had the houses been 
 prepared. "It is to us probably that they are bringing her to 
 be married," they had said. Then they who had brought her 
 to be married reraained ; now for five days did the Otters remain 
 with their brother-in-law. Then, 'tis said, when they had dwelt 
 there five days, then "Now we are going, now down river we 
 return," they said. 
 
 But their brother-in-law Chicken- Hawk saw what they 
 were doing in the neighboring houses, he knew that it was in- 
 tended to kill him. "Now the Otters are about to return down 
 river," they were saying, and so in the neighboring houses they 
 
 used as general term for people related to one through marriage with his near 
 female kin (such as daughter or sister). 
 
153 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 bumxi," ga neye^ n6"c%. Ganehi^ mi' ba-ileme=x, als-o"mdl 
 leme^x n6"s- yaplk aldll, ha'^ya s-o"mkl. Ganehi^ gan! yd^- 
 jA^da^ " Me^ye'wd.t'ba^ gwalt' tlos'd" w5k'?," nagaik'wa 
 m6"t'a^t'an; "gasi^ wede yankt'p', me2ye^wdt'ba^" nagdhi^ 
 Ganehi^ ya^niyd,"^; agasl^ yap!a n6"s' " Da^mdxau woki^ yd"" 
 xe^bagwabd,*^nihkn," nagd.sa'^nhi. 
 
 Ganehi^ aga ya^. Da^mdxau wok'da^ yd^, ganehi^ nagd*^ 
 yap!a n6"s' ^als'o"mdl ^aldi^l, he^n^hi gwaPt' ana^naga'^^ t!oc6" 
 ha'p'di; agds'i^ m6"t'an'an " MeVe'wo'^k',"' nagaik'wana^ 
 hu"c^", dni^ geltlayak'. Ganehi^ bo'' nexada^ gwalt' wok' 
 ana^nex t!oc6" ha'p'dihi. Ganehi^ mi' hono^ loplodid"^, ganehi^ 
 tsMelams'i^ wok', ganehi^ gwalt' k'di gwala xa^ik!od6k!at' xo, 
 ganehi^ p!d^shi wok'. Gwenhisyewe'^, xa^^winhi bomxi 
 he'=Tlemek!in. Ag^si^ md'^t'an'an yokl-^oi. "He"! ulum 
 'M6^ye®wdt'ba^' naganda^" nagd.-ihi^ Ganehi^ p'.a-idl'^hana^s 
 gwalt' p!a*s n6"x tcle^lkm, mi' p!a-idl'%ana^s. 
 
 Ganehi^ gwi^e la^llt'a^ ba-igini%'. Ha'^ya liwiM"^, mi' 
 ha'^ya s'o"mkl alxaliyan. Ganehi^ waydt'gwa ba'^ank"' hu'^cu". 
 Ganehi^ ha'^ya s'o'takl waydt'gwa Id^k' ; ganehi^ he^ileme^k' 
 yap!k a'khi gw?neixdagwa. Ganehi^ abaiwayewenhi, ^alp!i'- 
 tc!uliitc!alhi. Ganehi^ hawilit'gwa yew6'^ p!a-iwayd^" mi' 
 waya^ giixwi' datsla^mx hdsda'' he^Ilem6k!inmal Ganehi^ a'k' 
 hono^ gwPneixdagwa he^flem6k!ina^ ga ga^al gtixwi' datsla^mx. 
 Wayd^. Ganehi^ gwFne di wede waik' ? Mi' gwePwak'wi^ wili 
 
 'Literally, " it this-did," in other words, " it blew as it is blowing now," when 
 the myth was being narrated. 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 153 
 
 prepared themselves. "Let us kill them, let us destroy them!" 
 said these people in the neighboring houses. "Tomorrow the 
 Otters intend to go," that did they say, for their part, in the 
 neighboring houses. Now then, 'tis said, they all went out, 
 to the mountains proceeded all the people in the neighboring 
 houses, on both sides of the mountains. And then, 'tis said, 
 (the Otters) went off; as they went, "Here you shall return, 
 should a slight wind come," said their brother-in-law to them. 
 " In that case you shall not go on, you shall return here," he 
 said to them. Then ofE they went, but the people of the neigh- 
 boring houses "Just when they reach afar off, let us do away 
 with them," they said to each other. 
 
 Then these (Otters) did go. Just when they reached afar 
 off, then the people of the neighboring houses did all proceed to 
 the mountains; just then a wind blew like now,' a little bit. 
 But though their brother-in-law Chicken- Hawk "You shall 
 return here" had said to them, they did not think of it. Then 
 in a little while a wind came, just a little bit like now. Now 
 then it also rained; then hail, in its turn, did come; then did 
 the wind break everything, firs, to pieces; then snow, indeed, 
 did come. They had almost returned back, just half way the 
 Otters were destroyed. But their brother-in-law did know of it. 
 "He°! Although before 'You shall return here,' I said to them," 
 he said. Then, 'tis said, the wind did cease, and the snow and 
 rain and hail, now they did cease. 
 
 Then, when a long time had elapsed, he went out of the 
 house. On either side he looked, now on both sides of the 
 mountain they were seated. Then his knife did Chicken- 
 Hawk take up; then to either side of the mountain his knife 
 he thrust, and he himself did destroy the people, his own kin. 
 Then into their houses he returned and set fire to them all. 
 Then, 'tis said, into his own house he returned, lay down to 
 sleep. Now he slept; his heart was sore, for his wife's brothers 
 had been destroyed. Then, 'tis said, he himself having also 
 
 2 So heard for me^yeewd'-k'. 
 
154 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 de^iklaldklilin. Ganehi^ " K'adi xebe^n?" nagd,'^ gelhew6hana^ 
 Gangdhi^ wili de^Iklaldklilin. " Tslaman mi'Va xeb^^n," 
 nagd-ihis. Ganehi^ gwi'^ne la''le\ gangahi^ de^Ik!alak!ilin. 
 Ganehi^ gwl'^ne lane\ mi' bd-Hleb^t', wili de^ise^k'. Ha'px^i 
 yaxa lane\ Mnt' haxkt'. " May^^k'M^k'!"^ Mi' he^wa- 
 t'bo"k't'baxgwa; mi' hono^ wayd^. 
 
 Gehi yaxa gi''% yokl'^oya^n; an? hono^ dehi p!uwu'k!wan. 
 Ga ga^al bo" aga gwaPt'. Gwalt' he^leme%'; gas'i^ ha'pxi 
 mi'^sga^ ga^yknk'^ p!i' mengi', Mnt' haxkt'. Gas'i^ wili' 
 de^lk!d,lk!alk'na^^ ga ga%l ga nak'ik'^ — a'k'i^ gwi^neixdagwa 
 he^ilem^k' ^— gas-i« " Mayak'^dfek'!" nagd,'«. Gane ba^bi^t' 
 le^p'lap'. 
 
 17. The Otter Brothers Recover their Father's Heart.' 
 
 Wili' yowo^; bumxi hapxitli'^t'a'' ga'p!ini a-icda, k!dsa- 
 k!ans"i^ hultin nixa. P'im gwala tslayaik'. Hfllto wa-iwi' 
 guxda bumxi; do^mk'am* btimxi. Gas'i^ guxda Mlu*4i 
 wa-iwl', tlomxixas'i^ abki huliin wa-iwi' nixa. Ganehi^ 
 ha'p'da^ ga'p'.ini tli'^t'a^ gane hos-o" la''le\ k!ay^'^ Wildiihi 
 alxi'k' abki. "Nek' wilaut'a" di, k!asa?"— " Gi' ^-is-dek'."— 
 "Nek' gdlt'a" di?"— "Gi' ^-is^dfek', k!atsdek'."=— " Nek' 
 t'gama" di?"— " Gi' a-is-dek'," nagd-ihi^ mologola'p'a. "Nek' 
 
 'A whispered yell, intended to express intense emotion. 
 
 2 These forms are inferentials, because they serve the purpose of explanatory 
 recapitulation rather than of simple narrative. 
 
 = For a fairly close parallel compare St. Clair, Traditions of the Coos Indians of 
 Oregon, Journal of American Folk-Lore, Vol. xxii, pp. 32-34. 
 
 * Inferential in form, because the fact it discloses is not part of the actual 
 narrative biit is told in order to explain the circumstances under which the story 
 begins. 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 155 
 
 destroyed his own kin, for that reason was his heart sore. He 
 slept. Then how long did he not sleep? Now early in the 
 morning the door of the house was scratched against. Then 
 "What's doing it?" he said, thinking; continuously indeed 
 the door of the house was being scratched against. "Its prob- 
 ably a mouse that's doing it," he thought. Then some time 
 elapsed, continuously the door of the house was being scratched 
 against. Then, 'tis said, some time did pass, and he arose, 
 opened the door of the house. Just a child it turned out to be, 
 half burnt. "My orphan!"' Now he lay down with it clasped 
 in his arms, and again he slept. 
 
 Just that far indeed do I, for my part, know it; no further 
 still is it told. For that reason is there a wind nowadays. 
 The winds he had destroyed, but one child did grow up full of 
 fire, half burnt. Now as the door of his house was scratched 
 against, for that reason did he do that — 'tis true he himself had 
 destroyed his own kin — ,therefore " My orphan!" he said. 
 Now go gather and eat your ba^p'-seeds. 
 
 17. The Otter Brothers Recover their Father's Heart.' 
 
 A house there was, two boys belonging to Otter, and their 
 maternal grandmother, mother of the mermaid. Many salmon 
 he had been wont to spear. The mermaid was Otter's wife, 
 and Otter had been slain. Now his wife was the mermaid, but 
 his mother-in-law was in the house, mother of the mermaid. 
 Now his two children were boys, and bigger they became, up 
 they grew. Arrows indeed they saw in the house. "Whose 
 arrows are they, maternal grandmother?" — "They belong to 
 
 ' This is a myth-form, the form in ordinary use being either the vocative k.'asaa, 
 "O grandchildren," or wikldsi, "my grandchildren." K.'dtsdek' is peculiar in two 
 respects ; — first of all, ts is an impossible Takelma consonant combination, but occurs 
 in the Upper Takelma dialect, so that the word may really be borrowed as a myth- 
 form from that dialect ; secondly, suffixed -dek' takes the place of the wi- regularly 
 prefixed as ist per. possessive pronominal element to terms of relationship. Cf. 
 tc!iiyiit'k\ p. 140, 1. 22. 
 
156 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 Up'sda^ di?"— "GiS kidtsdek'."— " Nek' ma^i' di?"— "Gi', 
 klatsdek'," nagd-ihi« mologola'p'a. "Nek' ey&^ di?"— "Gi', 
 kidtsdek'." Aldi k'ai gwala yamkt', gas'P k'.dsa ga nagd'^ 
 " Gi', klatsdfek'." 
 
 Ganehi^ bo" nexada^ " Wede haxiyd wit'ap'." — "Nek' 
 du"li' di, klatsdek'?"—" Gi\ klatsdek'," nagd-ihi^ mologola'p'a; 
 aldi «ak' dicdagwa la^duhi. Ganehi^ "Klatsdek', p'im 
 sananag^m," nagd-ihi hapxit'.I't'a^, kldsaklan ga nagk. 
 "Wede p'im sankt'p'." Ganehi^ bo" nexada^ la4e\ "Wede 
 haxiyd wit'ap'," nag^hi^ Gangahi haxiya wit' hapxit!i't'a^ 
 ga'p'.ini bumxi k'abdxa'', be^wi^ haxiya wit'. Ganehi^ hoco" 
 lane\ "A'ni^ a^k' galt'a^^ klasiddm," naga-ihi« "A'nis a^k' 
 wilaut'a^ 'Gi^ a-icdek',' naga-ida^ dni^ a^k' t'gama^" naga-ihi« 
 bomxi k'abdxak'.an. " K'di gwala dama^nminina^* dalol^" 
 nagahi^ k'.asak'.an. 
 
 Ganehi^ haxiyd wiyiwi^t', p'im alhiiyii'hi. Dabalnixa 
 la4e\ "Klatsdek', mal us'am, p'im tslayaginak' ; dul 
 lis-am."— "Dja'l k'di^wa haxiyk," nagd-ihi« kldsaklan. Mi'hi^ 
 aga% alxi'k' k'ai^la'p'a gwelxiyk, ga ga^d,lhi dul plim; mi' 
 k'a-ila'p'a alxi'k' haxiyk h-fllun wa-iwi'. Dill dni^ ogoihi 
 kl^saklan mologola'p'a. " KdiVa haxiyk, wede ge wit'ap'," 
 nagdhi^. Bo" nexada^ d-fll hoy5i, haxiA^k gini^k' xilamank 
 waxadi^l. Ganehi^ alxali da°xiyk, he^ne ya*hi^ bo" nexada^ 
 ba-ikliyi^k' hulfin wa-iwi', tclelelelele^ du"gi'. Mi' tslaykk", 
 mi' tlomom. Ganehi^ abaiyew^'^. 
 
 'Literally, "that she mouth-counted.' 
 
E. SAPIR TAKBLMA TEXTS. 15^ 
 
 me." — "Whose bow is it?" — "It belongs to me, my grand- 
 children." — "Whose elk-skin armor is it?" — "It belongs to me," 
 said the old woman. "Whose blanket is it?" — "Mine, my 
 grandchildren." — "Whose salmon-spear shaft is it?" — "Mine, my 
 grandchildren," said the old woman. "Whose canoe is it?" — 
 "Mine, my grandchildren." All things they asked about, to 
 that their maternal grandmother that did say, " Mine, my 
 grandchildren." 
 
 Then, 'tis said, after a little while " Do not go about to the 
 water," (she said). "Whose salmon-spear point is it, my mater- 
 nal grandmother?" — "Mine, my grandchildren," said the old 
 woman, everything did she call her own property. Then, 'tis 
 said, "My maternal grandmother, we shall spear salmon," said 
 the boys, to their maternal grandmother that they said. "Do 
 not spear salmon." Then a little while elapsed, and "Do not 
 go about to the water," she said to them. Nevertheless the 
 two boys. Otter's sons, did go about by the water, every day 
 they went about by the water. Now they had become bigger. 
 "It is not her bow, our maternal grandmother's," they said. 
 "They are not her arrows, though 'It belongs to me,' she said. 
 It is not her elk-skin armor," said the sons of Otter. "As 
 many things as she did count up, ^ she lied," did they say about 
 their maternal grandmother. 
 
 Then, 'tis said, by the water they were accustomed 
 to go about, salmon they used to hunt. A long time elapsed. 
 "My maternal grandmother, give us the salmon-spear shaft, 
 we are going to spear salmon. Give us the salmon-spear 
 point." — "DjaM there's a monster in the water," said their 
 maternal grandmother. Now these, for their part, did see 
 a woman down in the water, for that reason indeed, they 
 asked for a salmon-spear point; now a woman had they 
 seen in the water, the mermaid. The salmon-spear point their 
 maternal grandmother, the old woman, did not give them. 
 
 2 To be pronounced in a whisper. It is formed from the verb base tdel-. 
 " rattle," and imitates the sound of ratthng dentalia. 
 
158 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 "K!asa, k'adi tlomomankk' haxiyk, u'lukli' bals du"gi' 
 tc!elem^?" nagd-ihil Ge yd^^hi^ mi' t'agd'*= mologola'p'a. " Gi' 
 di hami^t'ban do"mk'a^? ani^ gi' t'.omom^^n hami^t'ban," 
 nagd-ihi^ mologola'p'a. " Ulums'i^ t'gam ' Gi' a-icdek',' 
 nagd'^" k'ai gwala pluwu^klana'^ hapxit!l'8t'a^ Ganehi^ hos'S" 
 mahmi la4e\ " Hami'^t'ban hinau tlomoman," naga-ihi^ 
 mologola'p'a k!dsak!an. "Mi' gelts•!aydmxamk'na^"' naga'^ 
 hapxit'.i't'a. "Mi' yanabd^^ni," nagasa^n. " Hdmi^fban 
 hinau k!wkl hawa^ k'.axaklixin gux^'i'," naga-ihi^ mologola'p'a, 
 t'agd'^; aga^a hapxitli'^t'a nixaklan yuk' molog5l beydn. 
 
 Ganehi^ hoco" la'^leV " Gane yanabd,^" nagdsa^n. Ganehi^ 
 ya"'^ xilamank, hinausi^ tiegwegwdldan. "Dan ye^aldini'^ 
 Mpxda'' ga'plini, ne^y^^" da^^aganin, hinaus'i^ ga neye^. " Ei 
 me^s'agwa, tc!ixik!o'ltc!am^^ hinsda^'* datsMamx,"' nagand'k'i^ 
 wa-iwi' ga'plini, k!wkl wooha m6^al. Ganehi^ hinau ya^ 
 mdxak'.an guxwi' wolf. Gane " Tc!ixik!o'+ltc!am^ gasdlhi 
 ei me^'agwk," nagana^k'i wa-iwi' ga'plini; be^wi^ me^al klwal 
 wolf, biimxi guxwi' hawa^kldxklixiya ga ga^al wooha k!wal 
 me^al. Ganehi^ hagwa^km malaginin, "'Ei m^^s'agwk, 
 tc!ixik!o'ltc!am^' ga nagand^k'," nagdnhi^ gwenhegw^higwin ; 
 " ga ndfba^ ' Tc!ixik!o'ltc!am^ ei me^s'agwk, dan yeVfldi- 
 
 ' Literally, "(it is) now that she has evidently been breast-hiding us." 
 
 ^dan y^ewaldinii is a myth name of Otter. It may be literally translated as 
 
 " rocks always-returning-to-them." 
 
 'This is the name of Sun's servant, the canoe-paddler. The meaning of the 
 
 name is not clear; Ic.'ixi means ■' dog." 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 159 
 
 "There's a monster in the water, do not go there," she said 
 to them. After a little while they stole the salmon-spear point, 
 to the water did they go, the two brothers. Then, 'tis said, 
 by the water were they seated, just then after a little while did 
 come the mermaid, and tclelelelele (rattled) her skirt. Now 
 they shot at her, and killed her. Then, 'tis said, they returned 
 into the house. 
 
 "Maternal grandmother, what did we kill in the water- 
 long was its hair and its garment rattled?" they said. Now 
 just thereat did cry the old woman. "Was it I that killed your 
 father? I did not kill your father, " said the old woman. "But 
 formerly (of) the elk-skin armor 'It belongs to me,' did she say," 
 (they said), the boys naming everything. Now grown up and 
 big they had become. "Your father has been slain up river," 
 said the old woman, their maternal grandmother. "Now she 
 has evidently been hiding it from us,"* said the boys. "Now 
 let us go away," they said to each other. "Up river under 
 your father's heart pitch is made to smoulder," said the old 
 woman and wept; of just these boys was the old woman's 
 daughter the mother. 
 
 Now grown up had they become. " Now let us go away, " 
 they said to each other. Then off they went, but up river they 
 were being watched. " Otter ^ has two children, they say," 
 were they heard about, so that up river they said that. "Paddle 
 a canoe over here, Tc!ixik!o'ltc!am,' we have fear of them, "^ 
 were wont to say two girls, on this side of the river were they 
 wont to go for pitch. Then up river went (the boys), to get 
 their father's heart they went. Now " Tc!ixik!o'-l-ltc!am^, paddle 
 a canoe over here quickly, ' ' were wont to say the two girls ; 
 every day they came to this side of the river to get pitch. Otter's 
 heart to set a- smouldering underneath, for that reason were 
 they wont to go for pitch on this side of the river. Then, 'tis 
 said, in the trail were (the boys) told, " 'Paddle a canoe over 
 
 'An Upper Takelma form of hinxdaa, " fear of them." 
 
 "Literally translated these last two words mean " their-fear (i. e., fear of them) 
 hurts;" in other words, "(we) are afraid, apprehensive." 
 
IGO ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 niya ha'pxda'' hinxda* datsMamx. Gasalhi ^ei me^s'agwk,' ga 
 nagand^k' wa-iwi' ga'plini," gana^nexhi gwenhegwehigwin, 
 t'gwaykm dexeb6^n. 
 
 Ganehi^ m^^alhi wa-iwi' ga'plini kiwal wolf, t'goh6x 
 klwal sg6"t'. Ganehi^ mi' ga^al gini^k'; mi' t!omom, ha^fl'- 
 lu"hal gani ^a'yd^' hal6"k' k'u^bi'. Ganehi^ " Tclixiklo'+l- 
 tclam^, ei m6%'agwk." Wa-iwi't'an klwal wolf yaxa; 
 agds'i^ f goh6x lomtii' klwal^k sg6'"f , gas'i^ wa-iwi'f an wolf 
 yaxk. Ganehi^ abaiyewe'^ xilamank,, klwal lap'. "Dan 
 y^^waldiniya hapxda^ hinxda'' dats'lamx; tclixiklo'ltclam^, ei 
 m6^s'agwk," nagd,na^klii wa-iwi'fan. Agas'i^ fgohox lomtii' 
 tlomomdn. Ganehi^ gd,lii naga'^ wa-iwi'fan nagana^k'da^ 
 " Tc lixik lo'ltc lam^ ei me^s'agwk, dan ye^waldiniya hapxda^ 
 hinxda^ datclamx," naga-ihi^ hapxitli'^f a*f an, ga dexebe^n. 
 
 Ganehi^ ei wa^f an s'a^'gwdn xa'^xiyahi; gana^nex wa-iwi'- 
 f an ei ganau bilwklk' da^mdxauhi. Ganehi^ mi'^sga^hi %n? 
 dediildpx ganau bilkuk', gwelxda^ leyas nkk'; agasi^ ts'lixi- 
 klS'ltcam^ "A'n? ga wa-iwi'fan," nagd,'^ gelhewehana^; hinx 
 niuk'i^^ ga na^naga'^. Ganehi^ aba-iwok' wa-iwi'fan. Mi' 
 "e"','" s-intlaykk' be* yap la wi^in. " Gwidi na^naga-if ?'" 
 nagdnhi^, "k'adi s'intlayagif ," nagd,n mdxaklan s'iwok'di. 
 Gdsi^ xti'^n la4e\ Ganehi^ bumxi md.xaklan giix^'i' hawd* 
 p!i' kiwkl klaxaklixin; agas'i^ bo" yeweida^ bumxi Mpxda*, 
 d,nF wa-iwi' ge ^i'xi, ga ga^al gd na^nagd'^ s'intlayagind^ 
 yd,pla wi^in. 
 
 1 =aoi yda, 
 
 2 =niuk'-hi'' ; niuk' is the inferential of iiHw- : niic~. "be afraid (of)." 
 'This represents a sniff of suspicion. 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 161 
 
 here, Tc !ixik lo'ltc !am^, ' that are they wont to say, ' ' they were 
 told, was it related to them. "That shall you say, 'Tclixik!- 
 o'ltclam^ paddle a canoe over here, of Otter's children have 
 we fear. Quickly paddle a canoe over here, ' that are wont to 
 say the two girls, ' ' thus indeed was it related to them, Lark 
 did say so. 
 
 Then on this side, indeed, of the river the two girls came to 
 get pitch, and Quail did cut the pitch. Now then to them they 
 went; then they killed them, skinned them, then themselves 
 put on their skins. Then " Tc !ixik !o' + Itc !am^ paddle a canoe 
 over here " (they shouted). The girls did always go to get pitch; 
 while Quail, the old man, cut the pitch indeed, the girls just went 
 to get it. Then they returned home, carried the pitch on their 
 backs. "Of Otter's children we have fear. Tc !ixik lo'ltc !am^, 
 paddle a canoe over here," were wont to say the girls. And 
 now the old man Quail was slain. Then just what the girls were 
 wont to say, "Tclixik lo'ltc !am^ paddle a canoe over here. Of 
 Otter's children we have fear, " did say the boys, those said so. 
 
 Then the canoe was paddled towards them right in the 
 middle of the water; it was thus that the girls were wont to 
 jump into the canoe from afar off, indeed. Then just one of 
 them would not jump into it straight, she would stumble with 
 one of her legs; so that Tc'.ixik lo'ltc !am^ said, "Those are not 
 the girls, ' ' thinking ; as though he were afraid of them, that he 
 did. Then the (pretended) girls arrived in the house. Now 
 "e°', "^ Sun ^ smelt them as different people. "What are you 
 doing?" he was told. "What are you smelling?" was told 
 their would-be-father. Now night came. Then, 'tis said, a 
 pitch fire was set a-smouldering under the heart of the father 
 of the Otters ; but this time when they returned it was the chil- 
 dren of Otter, not the girls belonging there, for that reason did 
 he do that, having smelt them as different people. 
 
 * Frances Johnson was not certain who the slayer of Otter was, but rather thought 
 it was Sun. 
 
163 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 Xu'^ne la'-le\ mi' wayanha btimxi do"md^s. Ganehi^ 
 mdxaklan guxwi' igi'na. Ganehi^ md.xa guxwi' n5" yeweykk"'; 
 ag^s'i^ tlomomdn, he^ne mdxa guxwi' no" yeweykk"'. Ga 
 ga^al k'u"bi' bumxi alt'g6m lap', k!wkl hawa^k!axak!ixinma^ 
 guxwf. Gana^n^x gi'% yok!oyd,^n, gwd.la s'i^'wo'k'di; aldl 
 yuk'ydk'i^ elt'e^ maldxbi^n. 
 
 1 8. Crow and Raven Go for Water. 
 
 A'ni^ k'ai xi yiik" yap!a wd.^da. Gas'i^ mel wu^llikink' ,» 
 x^m wu"lhkmk'' wa-iwi' ga'plini. Ganehi^ " Xi wo6p'," 
 nak'am.' Ts!au y4* h^'^xk',' gana^n6x da^gdnk'am.' Ganehi^ 
 yankk'* wa-iwf ga'p'.ini wu"lhkm, xi wo6k'.* Ganehi^ x^m^a 
 hawi ^d.n? xi ga^al wok'da^, mi' aga klelwit'gwa ganau 
 ba-iwahe'^' mels'i^ j^. Mi' xem% gw6nyewe'^, mi' xi wak'. 
 "K'di ga^al di an? xi wa^gkt'?" Yokloydnhi^ a'khi^ xiyd- 
 t'gwa. Agds'i^ mels'i^ gwi'^ne yd,^ yewe'^ xi wak' a'k'^k mel. 
 
 " He^ne ma^k wede xi ^u'klelt',"* nagdnhi^ xem; "^'s'i' 
 samdxa ytik'i^ wede xi ^aldak !elt' , " = naganhil " Mels"i^ 
 a'k'^k xi ^ugwknk'," nagd.nlii^ "mas'i^ lep'nixa va" xi 
 ^•iigwadd,^" nagdnhi^ xfem. Gas'i^ ga%l xem^k %n? xi ^uk" 
 samd.xa; gas'i^ ga%l a'k^a gana^^x yiwiyd,"*, guxwi' xum. 
 Lep'nixa ya^' la^llt'a^ x6m^a xi ^uk', ga neyel 
 
 •These forms are all inferentials. 
 
 *That is, everything had dried up except the ocean to the west. 
 
 'Said to sound less coarse than the ordinary word for " urinate," xalaxam-. 
 
E. SAPIK — TAKELMA TEXTS. 163 
 
 Night came, and they put to sleep the slayer of Otter. 
 Then, 'tis said, they took their father's heart. Then with their 
 father's heart down river they returned; first (Sun) was slain, 
 then with their father's heart they returned down river. For 
 that reason does Otter wear a black skin, his heart having been 
 set a-smouldering with pitch underneath. Thus do I, for my 
 part, know; perchance there is much more. Did I know all, 
 I should tell it to you. 
 
 1 8. Crow and Raven Go for Water. 
 
 There was no water among the people. Now Crow was 
 having her first menstrual courses and Raven was having her 
 first menstrual courses, the two girls. Then, 'tis said, " Go to 
 get water," they were told. Only the ocean was left,' thus 
 it was heard. Then did go the two girls menstruating for the 
 first time, for water they went. Then Raven, for her part, 
 when she had not yet arrived at the water, now into this basket- 
 bucket of hers did urinate, but Crow went on. Now Raven, 
 for her part, turned back, now brought the water. " For what 
 reason did you not bring water?" (they said). It was known 
 that it was her own water. Now Crow, in her turn, just a long 
 time thereafter did return, water did Crow, for her part, bring. 
 
 "Then you, for your part, shall not drink water," was 
 Raven told. "Whenever it is summer, you shall not find 
 water, ' ' she was told. " But Crow — she, for her part, shall 
 drink water," was she told. "But you — only in winter shall 
 you drink water, ' ' was Raven told. So for that reason it is 
 that Raven, for her part, does not drink water in summer, and 
 for that reason does she, indeed, talk thus, — dry is her throat. 
 Only when the winter comes does Raven, for her part, drink 
 water, that they say. 
 
 ^ = aldaak' ^eit'. 
 
164 anthropological pub. univ. of pa. museum, vol. ii. 
 
 19. Skunk, the Disappointed Lover. 
 
 Will' yow5S- A'n? yokloyd^n nek' wa-iwi't'a ga'plini 
 yuk'na^ blk'^ wd.-iwl gelgulkk'^ gaplini yuk'na^; mot' lap'k'^ 
 bik'^ Bo" nexada^s-i^ yulkm hono^ m6t' lap'k'.' 
 
 Ganehi*: pliyin alhoyoi bik'^ Mi' six ligik'^; ho^px yd^ 
 ganau gwidik'^dan bik'^' cix ligigwanal Ganehi^ bo'' nexada^ 
 yulilm alMylix; cix ligik"', ga^a gayawd,nhi. Gangahi alhu- 
 yti'hi'x bik'"", cix ligik"", agas'i^ a'k^a mengi' h6^px yaxa 
 ganau gwidik'Man. Bo" nexada^ gane yiilum hono^ alMyux; 
 cix ligik"", ga^a gayawdn. Ganehi^ hond^ bik"^ alhuyux; 
 cix ligik"^, hd^px yd,^ ganau gwidik''^dan ; a'k% cix ligigwana^ 
 hd^px ganau gwidilhan. 
 
 Ganehi^ dabalnixa la4e\ mi' tiaykk'. " Gi'^k k'ai ga«al 
 di cix ligigwdnda^ dni^ gayawan?" nagd-ihi^ bik"^. , Mi'hi^ 
 da-uyd,^ tslaydkhi.^ Ganehi^ yulum^a xilam la*le\ " Gane 
 gaddk' holt',"' nagdnhi^ bik"', tlomxixa dexebe^n. Ganehi^ 
 gadak' hoyd^t' bik"^. Ganehi^ ba-imats!kk' goyo hent'a^ 
 Ganehi^ he^ne 
 
 " Bigi' bigi biglH-, dd,n+ bon, dd.n bon." 
 
 " Mdt'e^, s"o"^ ba-idit'gd^st'ga^s," nagdnhi^ t'.omxixa dexebe^n. 
 " Bo" yd^ di 'mot'e' nexiya?"° naga-ihi^ bik'^ Ganehi^ hono^ 
 ba-imats!kk', 
 
 " Bigi bigi bigi+, ddn+ bon, ddn bon." 
 
 1 Inferentials, probably by way of preliminary explanation to the narrative 
 proper. 
 
 ^ Skunk's foul discharge of wind is his "medicine " or supernatural power where- 
 with he "shoots " people. 
 
 3 "Dance for him!" Literally, " on-top-of-(him) dance." 
 
 * That is, "dance in order to cure him. " 
 
 'bigi has no known meaning; it is very probably a play on Skunk's own name, 
 biik'w. ddn bon { = dan bo»n) can be translated as "stone acorn-mortar;" bo^n 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 165 
 
 19. Skunk, the Disappointed Lover. 
 
 A house there was. I do not know whose two girls they 
 were; Skunk did Hke the girls, being two, a suitor did Skunk 
 become. But after a little while also Eagle became a suitor. 
 
 Then, 'tis said, Skunk hunted deer. Now venison he 
 brought home; right in the lake was thrown the venison that 
 Skunk had brought home. Then after a little while Eagle 
 went out to hunt. Venison he brought home, that indeed was 
 eaten. Skunk just kept on hunting, venison he brought home, 
 but his game, indeed, was just thrown into the lake. Then 
 after a little while Eagle again went out to hunt; venison he 
 brought home, that indeed was eaten. Then again Skunk went 
 out to hunt. Venison he brought home, just into the lake was 
 it thrown ; what venison he did bring home was always thrown 
 into the lake. 
 
 Then a long time elapsed, and he found it out. " When 
 I, for my part, bring home venison, for what reason is it not 
 eaten?" said Skunk. Now, 'tis said, he shot with his medicine- 
 man's spirit,^ and Eagle, for his part, became sick. " Now 
 dance for him, ' ' " was Skunk told, his mother-in-law said so. 
 Then, 'tis said, Skunk danced for him. Then he started in 
 with his medicine-man's song. Now then (he sang), 
 
 " Bigi* bigi bigi-l-, dan+ bon, ddn bon. " 
 
 "My son-in-law, stick your anus straight out," he was told, 
 his mother-in-law said so. "Did you say to me° 'My son-in- 
 law' just now?"/ said Skunk. Then again he started in to sing, 
 
 " Blgi blgi bigi+ , dan+ bon, dan bon. " 
 
 means " acorn-hopper of basketry.'' Mrs. Johnson could give no explanation of 
 Skunk's song, but it is probable that there is a reference to the supernatural power 
 of stone mortars, a belief widely spread in northern California. Skunk's song is 
 delivered in an unrhythmical staccato ; it is meant to be ungraceful and ridiculous. 
 
 8 Literally, "to say to me." 
 
 ' He is flattered to be called "son-in-law, " for that means that he has won his 
 suit. 
 
166 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 "S-6"2 ba-idit'gd^st'ga^s. "— " Dihagait'e^ iilum wd'k'di k'ai 
 nak'am xa'^salgwdsi' ulum ben^" nagd-ihi^ bik"^, hoyd^t'. 
 
 Ganehi^ bo'' nSxada^ hond^hi ba-imatslkk', hono^ gdhi 
 nagd'^ 
 
 " Bigi bigi bigl, ddn+ bon, dan bon, dd,n bon, dd,n bon." 
 
 " Ba-idit'g^^st'ga^s, mot'ik," nagd,-ihi^ t!omxixa. Gahihi^ 
 nagd'^ "Bo^ ya"- di 'mdt'ia' nexia?" naga-ihi^ bik'^ Ganehi^ 
 bo" nexadasba-idit'gats!d,t'gas; mi' ye^k'.ie' bik'"' s^n' bai4x6"t'. 
 Mi'hi^ tlomom^n, mi' bik"" lohd'^. Gana^nex yokloya^n yaxk. 
 
 20. The Flood.^ 
 
 Hop!fe'^n yap'.a yiik', k'ai gwala yap!a yiik', cux cem 
 pliyiti; ts 'Id-is' %ldi yap'.a yuk', k'di gwala, moxo ga ^aldi' 
 .yap!a yuk', mel ^aldi' yap!a yuk. Gas'i^ he^ne sbins'i^ an? 
 da^hdk'wal yuk', s'ems'i^ s'inh6k'wal yuk', ga ga^al sbin 
 lap'k'. 
 
 He^ne ts'lau ba-ihilxk', aga %ldi t'ga* ts!au lap'k'. 
 Ganehi^ he^ne xdmhi lap'iaiok', k'di gwala xamhi lap'k'. 
 He^ne sbin lap'k' gwelxiya a'k!a yowo^.' He^ne ^aldi cux 
 ba^'dawelk',* gd, ga^l bo" ^aldi ba^dawi'^." A'n? s'inhdk'wal 
 yuk'na^ sbin, d.n? da*h6k'wal yiik'na^ ga ga^al sbin^a xdmhi 
 lap'k'. Gana^nfex. 
 
 ' Literally, "Yellow-between-his-claws, " a myth-name of Sparrow- Hawk. 
 
 ^ It is difficult to make much out of this myth, if it may be dignified by that name. 
 Why the insistence on Beaver? Is the whole account an ill-remembered version 
 of the flood and diving (by Beaver or Muskrat) for mud ? That this favorite eastern 
 miyth motive did travel as far west as Oregon is shown by the Kathlamet Myth of 
 Nikciamtca'c (see Boas, Kathlamet Texts, pp. 23, 24). 
 
E. SAPIR — -TAKELMA TEXTS. 167 
 
 "Stick your anus straight out." — "I feel ticklish in my anus. 
 Some time ago, I guess, something was told to Sparrow- 
 Hawk* some time ago in the day," said Skunk, and danced. 
 Then, after a little while, again he started in to sing, that 
 same thing again he said, 
 
 " Bigi bigi bigi, ddn+ bon, ddn bon, dan bon, ddn bon. " 
 
 "Stick out your anus, O son-in-law," said his mother-in-law. 
 That same thing he said, "Did you say to me 'O son-in-law!' 
 just now?" said Skunk. Then, after a little while, he stuck 
 out his anus. Now Sparrow-Hawk did pull out Skunk's dis- 
 charge of wind. Now, 'tis said, he was killed, now Skunk did 
 die. Just this much I know. 
 
 20. The Flood. ^ 
 
 Long ago there were people, all beings were people, — ^birds, 
 ducks, deer; bluejays were all people; all sorts of beings, — 
 buzzards, those were all people, crows were all people. Now 
 then beavers were not ear-holed, while ducks were nose-holed, — 
 for that reason did they become beavers. 
 
 Then a flood did come and cover all, all this world became 
 a mass of water. And then, 'tis said, they were submerged, all 
 beings were submerged. Then Beaver got to be at the bottom 
 of the water, up to this day he is there. ^ Then all the birds 
 flew up, and for that reason they all fly today. Since Beaver 
 was not nose-holed, since he was not ear-holed, for that reason 
 did Beaver, for his part, get to be in the water, indeed. Thus 
 it is. 
 
 ' That is, beavers still lead a semi-aquatic life. 
 'Probably misheard for haadawiik' . 
 
 'Aorist in tense, because referring to present time. All other verb forms in 
 this text are inferential. 
 
168 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 21. Acorn Woman Revenges Herself upon a 
 Medicine-Man.* 
 
 "Goyo ba^ix6"^sbik'," naganhan yank, hop '.fe'^imik !i yap!a; 
 ga nagd-nhan yank, yap!a wo"na'k' dexeb6%. Gwalt' ba^'^wa- 
 x6"t'i goyo yank, goyo ba^x6"^t'gw6k' yank. Ganehi^ yana 
 da^na'^k'd.a' ga^ cii^uli wilit'gwa ganau, alxi'k' ba^ix6"dinma^ ; 
 a'k' ge imlhamk'wit' bem ga%l. Gas'i^ goyo ya^ ba^x6"t'gwa. 
 Gasi^ goyo t lomomanma^ aga mologola'p'a yana da^ana'k'da 
 gasi^ xo'taan goy5 lohoida^; aga mologola'p'a yana ba^xo"- 
 dina^ ga ga^al xo"mkn. Cix xum he^ne gana^nex xo"man. 
 
 Dalbalnixa ga na^nkk'.^ Gasi^ goyo lohalhik'na" xom- 
 xamankV mologola'p'a xebe^n. Ganehi^ dabalnixa la*le\ 
 Gane he^e yap'.a ga'p4ni " Mologol wa^da wip'aba^; cix 
 gwala wk^'da, ne^ye^" nagasanhi^. Ganehi^ mologol waMa 
 ba-ik!iyi%' yap!a ga'p^ni; kn? alxi'k' abaiginigia-uda^, hapliya 
 xa^^yowdl^ Alxali yapla ga'p^ni, kn? wa^himit'. Dabalnixa 
 la4e\ he%e yk^ pIfe'P ba^yank"". Ganehi^ cix xtim igi'na, 
 p!^'P ganau matslkk'. Ganehi^ dasklda mats'.kk', gane he^ne 
 hapliyk xa'^yow5^. A'ni^ alxi'k' yap!k aga s'ix xum dasklda 
 mats'.agank^. "Agas'i^ xuma mi'^wa gayawkn," naga-ihis. 
 
 Ganehi^ bo" nexada^ la^lit'a^ he^ne ya'^hi* hanpliya 
 
 ' The translation here given differs but little, chiefly in the direction of greater 
 literalness, from that already published in Sapir's " Religious Ideas of the Takehna 
 Indians of Southwestern Oregon," Journal of American Folk-lore, Vol. xx, pp. 46, 47. 
 This applies also to some of the translations that follow, which have already been 
 pubHshed elsewhere (Part I, No. 22; Part II, Nos. 3, 4, 5; and Part III, Nos. i-i i). 
 The myth of the Acorn Woman, like the one that follows it and probably also No. 15, 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 169 
 
 2 1. Acorn Woman Revenges Herself upon a 
 Medicine-Man. 
 
 ■ 1 
 
 "A medicine-man has blown thee off," the Acorn used to 
 be told (by) men of long ago. That the Acorn was wont to be 
 told, old men did say it. By means of a wind did the medicine- 
 man blow off the acorns, a medicine-man it was that blew off 
 the acorns. Now, 'tis said, the Acorn Chieftainess,' that one 
 was sitting in her house and saw how they were being blown 
 down. She had sent herself there to the tree. Now just the 
 medicine-man had blown her off. Thereupon the medicine- 
 man having been slain, this old woman, the Acorn Chieftainess, 
 then dried him, the medicine-man having died; since this old 
 Acorn Woman had he blown off, for that reason she dried him. 
 Like dried venison, thus she dried him. 
 
 For a long time that she did. Now whenever a medicine- 
 man died, she used to dry him; the old woman did so. Then, 
 'tis said, a long time elapsed. Now then two persons "To the 
 old woman let us journey. Much venison there is with her, 
 people say, ' ' said to each other. Then, 'tis said, to the old 
 woman came the two persons. She did not look at them as 
 they came into the house, with her back towards the fire she sat.' 
 There sat the two persons; to them she did not speak. A long 
 time elapsed, just then she took up a basket-pan. Then dried 
 venison she took and into the basket-pan she put it. Then, 
 'tis said, she placed it down at their feet, and then with her 
 back to the fire she sat. She did not look at the persons when 
 this dried venison she had put down at their feet. " Now the 
 food is probably being eaten, ' ' she thought. 
 
 Then, 'tis said, when a little while had elapsed, just then 
 
 is a medicine-formula recited by the s' omlohdlxa^ s against the goyb. For this type of 
 myth compare Goddard, Hupa Texts, University of California Publications in Ameri- 
 can Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. i, pp. 202-368. 
 
 2" Acorn Chieftainess," literally, " acorn its-chief." 
 
 ' Inferentials. 
 
 ■•Literally, " in-the-fire she-back- was." 
 
irO ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 dint'gwa liwiU"^. Mi' yaxa lohoykuk' ^ yap !a ga'p^ni ; he^ne yd^ 
 hapHya gelk'.iyi^', he^nehi^ xi ba'^yank'^ Ganehi^ hadat'gwa 
 matsl^k' xi, gane p'"+ da'^dap'o'^'ku. BaHlebfet' yap!a 
 gayini, ba''yew6'^ mi\ Ganehi^ " K'adi naga-it'p'? 'Cix xum 
 wa^itlandhi,' neg6sdap' di? Clx xum nagait'p' di? Aga«k 
 goyo ts-i.i'k'da, dn? cix xum. Ba«ixtI"sina^ ga ga%l xo"- 
 mand^n," nag^-ihi^ mologola'p'a, yana mologola'p'a dexebe^. 
 Ga haga wdla^ yana da^^nak'Ma^ yuk'. Gehi da^yowd^.^ 
 Goyo ba^2ix6"8t'gw6k'na^ ga ga^al na^nak'ik'. 
 
 2 2. Rock-Woman and a Mountain are a Medicine- 
 Man's Bane.' 
 
 T'ga"' sigit'a^ di'biik'amna^' gasi^ ga nak'am' dan molog5l, 
 "Ma^a goyo^i'xi, goyo i'ltslak"' yap!a he*nak'wi^» md^a ga 
 ga^kl hend%'," nak'am." Gasi^ "Hd-u" nkk'." " Gasi^ naxde« 
 goy6 da^dk'i^k', dakt'e^kli^k'," nak'am.^ Gasi^ gd, na^nagk; 
 dan klelwf eme^ neida^ gas'i^ s-u.mxi's'i^ ganku k!elwi'/ 
 k!amak!a*s'i^. Gana^nex 6k'igam dan molog6l. Goyo guxwl' 
 ga^ ga^kl k'.elwl' s'limt'ia; s'iimxi's'i^ ga ^wamolomalhi goyo 
 guxwi', tcliimiimt'a; kldma^ ga^s'i^ dan ba^sga^-k'sgdk'i dan 
 t'ut'. Gas'i^ bok!obd.xna dan klelwi' ganku, goyo guxwi' 
 tcliimiimt'a. Ga^i'xi goyo gioxwi' dan k'.elwi'. Gasi^ gane 
 goy6 ga^kl hel6P, gas'i^ gane goyo domk'amna^;' gane dan 
 molog61 xebe^n wigamdi." 
 
 ' Impersonal inferential. With expressed subject yap.'a it would be more correct 
 to say lohbk' . 
 
 2 Literally, "right-there it-is-in-front, it-is-forth." 
 
 'For this medicine-formula compare Sapir, op. ctt., pp. 45, 46. 
 
 "These verb forms are inferentials. 
 
 'Frances Johnson regularly used the word "to poison" in a metaphorical sense 
 as meaning "to exercise one's magic power in order to do some person ill. " 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 171 
 
 in back of her across the fire she looked. Now the two persons 
 just had died. Just then she turned towards the fire, then 
 took up water. Then, 'tis said, the water she put in her mouth, 
 and p'"^+ , she blew it over their cheeks. The two persons arose, 
 had recovered now. Then, 'tis said, "What did you think? 
 'Dried venison she keeps, ' did you say about me ? Dried venison 
 did you think it was? This, for its part, is the flesh of medicine- 
 men, not dried venison. Since they blew me off, for that reason 
 did I dry them, ' ' said the old woman, Old Acorn Woman did 
 say so. Indeed that really was the Acorn Chieftainess. Just 
 up to there it proceeds.' Since the medicine-men did blow her 
 off, for that reason did she do it to them. 
 
 22. Rock- Woman and a Mountain are a Medicine-Man's 
 
 Bane.^ 
 
 When this set world was first begun, then was that told 
 to the Old Rock Woman, "Thou, for thy part, (shalt be) 
 a medicine-man poisoner.^ If an evil-minded medicine-man 
 devours a person, thou, for thy part, shalt sing for that, ' ' was 
 she told. Thereupon "Yes" she said. "Then thy pipe shalt 
 thou put in the medicine-man's mouth, thou shalt give him 
 to smoke, ' ' was she told. Thereupon that she did to him, 
 here being her rock bucket, and in her bucket her stirring pad- 
 dle, and her tongs. Thus was it given to the Old Rock Woman. 
 The medicine-man's heart to boil, for that purpose her bucket; 
 and her stirring paddle, with that she stirs around the medicine- 
 man's heart and boils it; and her tongs, with that she picks 
 up rocks, hot rocks. Then she causes the stones to steam in 
 her bucket, the medicine-man's heart she boils. The medicine- 
 man's heart, for that is her rock bucket medicine.^ Now then 
 
 6 =fegejj-aafe'u;- with conditional -gi^ . 
 
 ' Rather unusual order. We should expect k/elwii gancm. 
 
 ' That is, it is supernaturally harmful to it. 
 
 'mgamdi, "my paternal grandfather," is an epithet of Old Rock Woman. 
 
172 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 Ganehi'' Aldauyd^k'wadis' malaginin. " Gane mi' dan 
 mologol g6yo t'.omom," nagdn; he^nehi Hk!u"md.nk'wa, di'%1- 
 gelegaldms.^ Ganehi^ mdxla di'^d,lt'gwa mats!kk'.' Ganehi^ ge 
 ginisk'da^MTLi' p!eye'= goy6. Bu"bini' ba^ank'", gane ba-ix6"t' 
 goyo bu"bini'. He^dadd,^ mdk' ganku wabillk'" goyo bu"bini'. 
 Ganehi^ hoyd^t', dl't'giliu wala^ik'wa goyo bu^bini'; gane 
 hele?, wahoyodkk'"'. 
 
 Ganehi^ gwi'^ne la^le\ ba^gwe^nbi's;^ hanliwila"^ waxa 
 wd^da; wd,xa^a mi' gahi na^nkk',* mi' hono^ gahi na^nak'^ 
 waxa. Ganehi^ alse^k'sdk'sank'" ha^^yk. Gana^ex goyo 
 do"mk'° goyo I'ltslak'^ Goyo bu^bini' dek'yu'k'atik'wok' ;' 
 wayd he^nfe dek'iwik'auk'wanma^ ga na^nak'ik'.° Gana^nex 
 t'ga* sigit'a^, pla-imasgak'amna^," gas'i^ gana^nex la^le\ 
 S'umluhuixia"^,' wigamdi^ was'umluhulxdk"^. Gana^nex nekci- 
 wo'k'di M^'klemna^s k!emdnk';° gana^ex pluwu^^k' ha^'- 
 k!emnd,^s, bo" gana^nex p!uwu"^k' yap'.k. Gana^iex yaxa 
 melexi wihin, a^'k's'i^ an? alxi'k' hono^. P!alak'wahi ^aga^k. 
 
 ' Evidently contains the word da-uyd", "medicine-spirit." Old Rock Woman 
 was said to be the mountain's " boss." 
 
 ^ A sign of preparation for war or for a war-dance, 
 
 '' As white war-paint. 
 
 ' Perhaps misheard for ginvk'da'' . 
 
 'This word was said not to be in ordinary use, but to be limited to myth texts. 
 
E. SAPIK — TAKELMA TEXTS. 173 
 
 for the medicine-man she sang, whereat then did die the medi- 
 cine-man. Now my paternal grandmother, the Old Rock 
 Woman, has done so. 
 
 Then, 'tis said, (the mountain) Aldauya^'k'wadis ' was told 
 of it. " Now the Old Rock Woman has killed the medicine- 
 man, ' ' was he told. Just then did he prepare himself, and his 
 hair he tied up into a top-knot.^ Then dust, 'tis said, on his 
 forehead he put.^ Then there when he came, now dead lay the 
 medicine-man. His arm he picked up, now wrenched loose 
 the medicine-man's arm. Off yonder into a pit he jumped 
 with the medicine-man's arm. Then, 'tis said, he danced, 
 with the medicine-man's arm he danced rapidly around brand- 
 ishing it. Now he sang, danced with it. 
 
 Then, 'tis said, some time elapsed. Up he looked, across 
 to his younger brother he looked; now his younger brother, for 
 his part, that same thing did do, now again that same thing did 
 do his younger brother. Then, 'tis said, they on either side 
 did nod to each other. Thus they slew the medicine-man, 
 the evil-minded medicine-man. The medicine-man's arm he 
 brandished before him; just as a knife is brandished before one, 
 that he did with it. Thus when the world was set, when down 
 it was placed, then thus it happened. (Thus) the s'omldholxa^s'' 
 makes medicine, my paternal grandfather did make medicine 
 with (this song and dance). Someone, I believe the Children 
 Creator, made things thus. Thus, Children Creator, they call 
 him, nowadays people call him thus. Thus much did my 
 mother tell me, but she did not see it either. This, for its 
 part, is a myth indeed. 
 
 'These forms are inferentials again. It seems plausible to assume that the text, 
 being a medicine formula rather than an ordinary myth narrative, should have 
 inferential verb forms throughout for narrative, but that Mrs. Johnson now and 
 then slipped into the more easy-going aorists. 
 
 'For the differences between the y omlohdlxa^' s and goyb compare Sapir, op. cit., 
 pp. 40-45- 
 
174 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 23. The Rolling Skull.' 
 
 The Takelmas believed in people who consisted of nothing 
 but a skull; they were called Xilam da'gaxda, "dead-person 
 his-head," or Xilam tlegili'xi, "dead-person his-skuU, " and 
 rolled around killing people. They made a noise like bum+, 
 bum+. and cried out constantly Ximi' + ximi. Children were 
 threatened with the skull's cry Ximi'+ximi if they did not 
 mind. 
 
 Once the people heard a skull come rolling along. They 
 were terribly afraid and ran off, crying, " O'-r da da da da da! 
 0'+ da da da da da!" Hot rocks were placed in a ditch and 
 covered up so that the rolling skull could not see them. As the 
 people ran away he rolled after them, until he rolled into the 
 ditch, where he was killed. Had it not been for that, he wotold 
 have killed everybody. 
 
 ' This and the following fragments were elicited by a question as to whether the 
 Takelmas were acquainted with the myths of the rolling skull and the musical contest 
 in which the lamprey eel comes off victor. Frances Johnson did not remember 
 them well enough to tell them as myth texts. For the former of these myths compare 
 Curtin's Yana tale in his "Creation Myths of Primitive America," pp. 325-35. 
 
E. SAPIK — TAKELilA TESTS. 175 
 
 24. Eel the Singer.* 
 
 Eel was said to have sung through the holes^ of his own 
 body like a flute. He was called the best singer of all. 
 
 ' Compare, Curtin, op. cit., pp. 177-208. 
 
 ' The markings on the lamprey eel are thought of as holes. 
 
II. CUSTOMS AND PERSONAL NARRATIVES.^ 
 
 I. How A Takelma House was Built." 
 
 Yap'.a will' k!emfei. Bern p!a-id?16"k', eme^si^ hono^ 
 p!a-id?16"k', he^me^ hon6^ p!a-id?16"k', hagamgamkn p!a-id?- 
 16"k'. He^ne hono^ hangilip' gadkk' hagamgamkn, gaddk's'i^ 
 mu^xddnhi hangilip'. He^ne yd^si^ wili sidibi' k!emei; he^ne 
 gaddk's-is matslkk' wili' henkm, t'gkl ga henam k'.emel. 
 Gane dak'dat' datlabkk', ha'^ya' datlabkk'. Gane dede- 
 wili'dadis klem^i dak'dat'sl^ dahok'wal k'.em^i kliyi'x ganku 
 ba-igindxda^ Ganesi^ gdklan k!eni^i, xa^sgiplisgap', gwelt'gau 
 gind-x klemfei; wili s'idibi's'i^ k'.emei. 
 
 Gane dat!abkk' ha^It'btt'xt'bixik"'. Gane leples hahu- 
 wu"^k'i, ganat' gidi alxali yaplk; p!i' yog^"' has's'6", gas'i^ 
 alxalTyana^ ha'^ya p'.iyk. Gana^nex hop'.e'^n yapla^a wili'; 
 lep'nixa wili' gankt'. Samdxas'i^ ana^nex' alxali, an? wili 
 ganku. Gwds" wili yaxa wit'geye^%'i, gas"i^ p'.i' yoga^ k'.emei 
 habini. Gana^ex samaxa alxali, ani^ lep'nixa nat' wili 
 ganku. 
 
 2. Marriage. 
 
 Wd,-iwi he^^wa^'gdn, tclulx he^^aVa^giwIn ; ^^aplas'i^ gel- 
 xa^n wd.-iwi mdxa dap!ald,-u mdxa, gas'i^ ga^al he^'Vak' 
 
 'An attempt was made to secure a series of texts dealing with the life of the 
 Indians. The six short texts that make up this part represent the indifferent success 
 obtained. Indians generally find it far more difficult to dictate an account of a 
 custom, which requires a certain amount of originality, than to tell a myth which they 
 have already told or heard tell doubtless more than once. 
 
 (176) 
 
II. CUSTOMS AND PERSONAL NARRATIVES.^ 
 
 I. How A Takelma House was Built. ^ 
 
 The people are making a house. A post they set in the 
 ground, and here again they set one in the ground, yonder again 
 they set one in the ground, in four places they set them in the 
 ground. Then also they place beams across on top in four 
 places, and above (these) they put one across just once. And 
 just then they make the house wall ; and then on top they place 
 the house boards, those they make out of sugar-pine lumber. 
 Then they finish it on top, on either side' they finish it. Then 
 they make the door, and on top they make a hole for the going 
 out of the smoke. And then they make a ladder, they notch 
 out (a pole), for going down to the floor they make it; and the 
 house wall they make. 
 
 Then they finish it, all cleaned inside. Now rush mats they 
 spread out inside, on such the people sit. The fireplace is in 
 the center, so that they are seated on either side of the fire. In 
 that way, indeed, was the house of the people long ago ; in winter 
 their house was such. But in summer they were sitting like 
 now,^ not in the house. Just a brush shelter they placed around, 
 so that the fireplace they made in the middle. Thus they dwelt 
 in summer, not as in winter in a house. 
 
 2. Marriage. 
 
 A girl was purchased, with dentalia she was purchased. 
 Now the people liked each other, the father of the girl and the 
 
 ^ For further details see Sapir, Notes on the Takelma Indians of Southwestern 
 Oregon, American Anthropologist , N. S., Vol. 9, pp. 262, 63. 
 
 ^ That is, they put on the boards reaching from the ridge-pole to the sides of the 
 house. 
 
 * We were sitting out in the open when this text was dictated. 
 
 12 (177) 
 
178 ANTHEOPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 wa-iwi'. Ga na^nagdsa^n hoplfe'^'n yap!k. Gas'i^ t!emeyd,n- 
 wia"^, wa-iwl' ya^ngwd,n dap!ald-u wd^'da. 
 
 K'd-i gwala la^bdn, tc!<ilx, xtima, yelex, k!el, duk', yup', 
 degks, k!el meheli', ga nkt' la^bdn; ma^nais'i^ samdxa hix 
 la^bdn, luxum t'gal dal^ap'fl'tlik"^ ga la^bd.n, p'im xtun 
 la'-bdn. Ydp!a mixal yd^da^ aldi^l le^bknx. Hoplfe'^nk wa-iwi 
 dn? yok!''5i tli'la'p'a, dalwi^ dn? gelgultik' tli'la'p'a; dapla'lau 
 hono^ gana^n6x an? gelgtiluk' k'a-ila'p'a ddl^wil 
 
 3. How A Feud was Settled.* 
 
 Xa^it'. Yap!a tlomoxa^n k!o"xainxa yow6"da^ ha'^yk 
 yok I'^at'gwan yilim, xilam yo'^kla^ yilim. Tc!6lx ga xilam 
 y6%!a^ nagdnhan. Gas'i^ gane tc'.ibinxa^n, gas'i^ xa^isa* 
 klemen, gas'i^ xa^vit'. " Tbi'P ti's'i tlumuxda^," nagdsa^n 
 yap!k. Aga tlomomanma^ ga xa^visa^ k!emfei. " Ganat' 
 ^u's'i, t!eimi% %'ci," nagkn yap'.a do"ind%. Gas"i^ an? gel- 
 guliik'. "Wede k'ai <^sbiga^ hon6^ d6"mxbin ya*," nagd'^ 
 yap!a do'^nd^s. Gane xa^wisa* hanyewe'^, gane gwenhegwe- 
 hdk"'. " 'A'n? ibi'P uglisbi^n,' nagasbi," nagd'l Gane 
 xa^visa^ '"Wede gankt',' ^s'is-i^ nagd^n." 
 
 ' ' Wede ga nexdam t lumuxda^ haxo"nhi, dn? gw? 
 na^nagdsbindal Ganga tlumuxdam yaxk, wa-iwi't'fek' gfe 
 ci'^ullt'a'^," nagdsa^n yap!a hop!fe'^n. Gane Mnyewe'^. "'Ganga 
 Ibll^ ii's'i,' nagdsbi. ' Gi'^wa k'.i'gd^t', hon6^ yap!a do"mand^' 
 
E. SAPIK — TAKELMA TEXTS. 179 
 
 father of the youth, so for that reason they purchased the girl. 
 That long ago people did to one another. Thereupon they went 
 with her to see her married, the girl was taken to the youth. 
 
 Many things were carried (as presents) — dentalia, food, 
 burden-baskets, basket-buckets, skirts, basket-caps, sifting 
 basket-pans, cooking baskets, that sort of things was carried 
 along; but at this season, summer, camass was taken along, 
 manzanita berries mixed up with sugar-pine nuts, — those were 
 carried along, dried salmon was carried along. As many people 
 as did go, all carried things along. Long ago, indeed, the girl 
 did not know the husband, sometimes she did not like the 
 husband; thus also the youth sometimes did not like the 
 woman. 
 
 3. How A Feud was Settled.' 
 
 (How) one acts as go-between. (Let us suppose) people 
 who are related to each other by their children's marriage slay 
 one another, on either side they call for each other's bones, dead 
 men's bones they call for. Dentalia, those used to be termed 
 dead men's bones. So then they make speeches to one another, 
 and one is made a go-between, so that he may go between 
 (both parties). "Give me blood-money, since you have slain 
 me ! ' ' people said to each other. Now he (whose kinsman) has 
 been slain, that one makes use of the go-between. " Give me 
 of that kind, give me one hundred, ' ' the slayer of the person is 
 told. But he does not wish it. " I will not give you anything, 
 I shall eveii kill some more of yours, ' ' says the slayer of the 
 person. Then the go-between returns across, then recounts 
 what he has been told. '"I'll give you no blood-money!' he 
 says to you, " says he. Then the go-between (adds), " ' Not in 
 that fashion ! ' no matter how often I told him. ' ' 
 
 " Do not tell me that, since you have slain mine just for 
 nothing, though I did nothing to you. For just no reason have 
 
 ' Compare Sapir, op. cit., pp. 270-72. 
 
180 ANTHEOPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 nagait'e^" nagd'« xa'Visa^. Gane gwenhegw6hak"'nana« 
 gana^n^x malkk' xa^visa^ "Gane aga dfimhak'Man guxwf 
 xilam la4e\" Ga nagdsa^n yap!a hop!6'^n t lomoxanda^ 
 Gas-i^ gane hon6« hanyewe'^ xa^isa^. Eme^dat' dumhdk"' 
 t'agd,'l "Ganga hanyfeii! k'diwi^ ugu's'i," nag4'« d'Qmhdk"'. 
 Gas'i^ Mnyewe''^- '"Ganga k'd-iwi^ u's'i,' nagdsbi," naga'« 
 xa^visa*. " K'^iwi^ 6k'i," nagd.'^ xa^visa'^, yap'.a do'^d.^s nagk. 
 "Yewe d61ii k!iyi%'. Hon6« yap!a do"mand^ gede ye^gwds- 
 binal' Yap!a gwala do"mana^ gas'? ga^al k'aiwi* ok'i," 
 nagd,'^ xa^visa". 
 
 Gane "Hd-u" nagd'^. " K'diwis'i^ ogoyi^n. Duwu'%'," 
 naga'^ yap!a do"nid^s. " Wede gede ye^gwasdam, k'aiwi^ 
 oglisbi^n. K!u."yabadam e^bik'," nag^'^ yap!a do"ma^s. 
 " K'd-iwi^ ha'p'di' mdsi^ hono^ u's'i." Mi' hono^ yewe'^ 
 xa^isa^; mi' senesant', guxwi' du la^le\ Yok'.oyan mi' 
 k'diwi^ dk'igulugwan. Gwdla yap'.k. Mi' senesant'. " 'ibi'F 
 ogoyfo,' nag^sbi; 'masi^ t!oco" ha'p'di' ^u's'i,' nagdsbi." Mi' 
 gwenhegwehok'"'. Ml'%ga^ dak'dahalk'wa, " Gahi^ nagd'^." 
 Gane Ibi'l^ ogus'a^n. Gane hd^^ya wdt'gwan gini^k', gane 
 oglisa^n. Yap!a do"mA^s da^gwala oyon, a'k's"i^ t!os'6" 
 ha'p'di'hi ogoyin. Gana^nex hoplfe'^nk yap!a t!omoxanda^, 
 k'ai^la'p'as'i^ hono^ k'di gwala ogusa^n ha'^yk. Xa'^visa*s■i^ 
 hono^ k'ai ogoyin, tclubc ogoyin; adat' dumhok'Ma"- ga 
 xeb6^n, ga tc'.olx ogoik'wa. Yap!a do"md^s dnP k'ai 
 ogolk'wa. 
 
 'Literally, " in-front-of-tliat you-will-be-returned-with-(it)." 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 181 
 
 you slain one of mine, though yonder my girl is dwelling," 
 (thus) people spoke to one another in times long past. Then 
 he returns across. "'Just you give me blood- money ! ' he says 
 to you. 'Too far will it go! People will yet be slain, ' say I, " 
 says the go-between. Then, recounting what' he has been 
 entrusted to say, the go-between tells him thus, " Now these 
 whose (kinsman) has been slain, their heart has become sick. ' ' 
 That did people of long ago say to one another when they killed 
 each other. So then once more the go-between turns across. 
 On this side he whose (kinsman) has been slain cries. " Keep 
 on going across! Many things he must give me, " says he whose 
 (kinsman) has been slain. So he returns across. "'Just you 
 give me something!' he says to you," says the go-between. 
 "Give him something!" says the go-between, to the slayer of 
 the person he says it. " Perhaps too far it goes. Yet shall 
 people be slain ; they will get even with you. Many people will 
 be killed, so for that reason give him something!" says the 
 go-between. 
 
 Then ' ' Yes ' ' he says. " I'll give him something. It is well, " 
 says the slayer of the person. " You shall not get even with 
 me, I'll give you something. Friends to each other we are," 
 says the slayer of the person. " Some little thing do you also 
 give me in return!" Now the go-between returns again; now 
 he whoops, his heart has become glad. Now it is known that 
 it is intended to give him something. Many are the people. 
 Now he whoops. " ' I give you blood-money, ' he says to you. 
 ' Do you too give me a little bit, ' he says to you. ' ' Then he 
 relates to them what he has heard. A certain one answers him, 
 "Just that he says. " Then they give each other blood-money. 
 Now on either side they proceed to each other and give each 
 other (presents). The slayer of the person gives most of all, 
 to him, in his turn, is given just a little bit. Thus in time 
 long past, indeed, people (acted) when they slew one another. 
 And also the women on both sides give each other many things. 
 And the go-between also is given something, dentalia are given 
 to him. On this side he whose (kinsman) has been slain, that 
 
183 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 4. How A Bad-Hearted Medicine-Man has his Guardian 
 Spirits Driven out of him.' 
 
 Goyo i'ltslak"' gankt' bayeweyagwdn^ yo"ld,pxda* yap!a 
 gayawandl- Gas'i*^ ^n? d6"mia gelgulugwan, gas'i^ ga^al 
 yo^Mpxda^ ba-ihimim^n. S ■uinloh61xa% xeb6^n, d,nP yap!a 
 gam^xdi' xebe^n. " Ga na^nak'i," nagkn; dn? ak' hagu- 
 xwit'g'^a* xebe%. Gasi^ gani xu'^ne la*le\ gdni yap!a abai- 
 leme^x. He^lt'a^ dn? yok!oyd,^n. Wihin hem6^ham, mi' 
 geleld^aldi^n;' wihin heme^ham s'omlohdlxa^s he^lt'a. Goyo 
 bayeweykk''^ yo^'ldpxda^, himiman. 
 
 Gane da^pliya matslagdn goyo lap's w6'k'i^. Gane k'o^px 
 badabdt'i wa^dixda, gane yo"lapxda* mi'^sga^n bayewe'l Gasi^ 
 bayeweida^ a°+ yo'^n had6^da naga'^ goy6. Gane hono^ 
 gahi n^^nagk gani pltil^ badabdt'i. Gane hono^ bayeweida^ 
 yo^'ld.pxda gane yo"m hade^da nagd'^. Gane goyo man mixal 
 bayeweida^ yo^lcipxda. Mi' ga'^m bayew^'^- Gane wa^hrmiddn 
 goy5, " Wede ts'.a-imkt, aldi M'^ilePk','' nagkn, goyo wa*hi- 
 middn. Gane hono^ gahi^ na^nagk; gane hono^ bayewe'^ 
 yo^'ldpxda'', gane y6''m hono^ hade^da naga'^. Man mixal 
 bayew^ida^; mi' xlbini bayewe'^. Gane hond^ gahi^ na^nagk, 
 hono^ yewe'^ yo"'ldpxda. Man mixal bayew6ida^. Gas'i^ 
 "Wede ts!a-imdt'," nagan, "h6^1e?k'." TsMis-a mu^Sxdkn" 
 ga na^nagkn. Gasi^ man bayeweida^ yo''Mpxda; mi' dehal 
 bayewe'^, mi' ixdil bayew6'^. Gana^n6x man; gani yaplaml'^s 
 la^'lit'a^, mi' yaplami'^s bayewe'^, nagd'^ 
 
 ' Compare Sapir, Journal of American Folk-lore, Vol. xx, p. 48. 
 
 z —ba-iyeweyagwdn. 
 
 ^ Literally, " raw,'' i. e., such as are not medicine-men. 
 
E. SAPIK — TAKELMA TEXTS. 183 
 
 one does so, that one gives him dentalia. The slayer of the 
 person does not give him anything. 
 
 4. How A Bad-Hearted Medicine-Man has his Guardian 
 Spirits Driven out of him.' 
 
 A bad-hearted medicine-man — of such a one the guardian 
 spirits are driven out, since he eats up people. Now it is not 
 desired to kill him, so for that reason his guardian spirits are 
 driven out. A s'omloh61xa^s does it, raw' people do not do it. 
 "Do that to him," he is told; he, (the medicine-man), does 
 not do it of his own free will.^ So now night has come, now the 
 people have assembled together in the house. His song I do 
 not know. My mother used to imitate it, now I have forgotten 
 it;° my mother used to imitate the song of the s'omloholxa^s. 
 The medicine-man's guardian spirits he causes to go out, they 
 are driven out. 
 
 Then the medicine-man is placed alongside of the fire 
 without a blanket. Then ashes are clapped all over his body, 
 and one of his guardian spirits goes out. Now as it goes out 
 (the medicine-man groans) A°+, and there is blood in the medi- 
 cine-man's mouth. Then he does that same thing to him again, 
 now claps ashes over him. Now when his guardian spirit goes 
 out again, then there is blood in his mouth. Now the medicine- 
 man counts how many of his guardian spirits go out. Now 
 two have gone out. Then the medicine-man is addressed, 
 "Do not hide them! Let them all go!" he is told, the medicine- 
 man is addressed. Then again that same thing he says to him; 
 now again his guardian spirit goes out, and again blood is in 
 his mouth. He counts how many go out ; now three have gone 
 out. Then again he does that same thing to him, again his 
 guardian spirit goes. He counts how many go out. Thereupon 
 
 * Literally, " in his own heart." 
 
 6 = gel-yaldaxaldi^n, literally, " I breast-lost it." 
 
 » Literally, " at-night once," t. e., " in one night.' 
 
184 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 " Gani mi' di hene^n?" nagan goyo. Gwala yapla wili 
 debfl'l Gasi^ " Ha-u," naga'^, "mi' hen6^n, mi' ^ni« k'ki."— 
 " Dedilumu'sgat' ? Mi' di' bus" la4e'?" Gasi^ "Ha-u," naga'l 
 " Ne® hono^ ga%i na^nak'i," nagkn s'omloholxa^s. Gas'i^ 
 gdhi^ na^nagk, mdxla k'alak'alhi, iwobadabat'i; an? k'ai 
 bayewe'^ yo"ldpxda, mi' hene^n. S 'omloholxa^s ga na^aga; 
 goy6 i'lts!ak"^ yap!a gayawand,^, gd ga^al gd* nagkn. Gas'i^ 
 wihin ga" nfex^ melexi, aldi' wihin yiwin ga* melexina*. Gas'i* 
 goyo ba^eweida* k'di he^ne mdxla *algii''guwik"' nat' la"le\ 
 Gd na^nagkn goyo i'lts'.ak"'. Wihin ga'' nex melexi, gi's'i* 
 dn? alxi'gi^n. 
 
 5. Frances Johnson is Cured by a Medicine-Woman.' 
 
 Gane xili"*xwinia-uda^^ gehi goyo mahki xili''xwal Gane 
 sa^nsdnsinia"* ; k'a-ila'p'agan ba'x6"dan, ga ganku sa^nsdnsa^n. 
 Gane he^ne gi' tslawit' eit'e^ dn? nek gwePiusi. Mi' bo^sl* 
 bem ik !wen6hi^n, hoplfe'^ns'i* dni* nek gwelius'i wa-iwi eit'eMa". 
 
 Gas-i*^ xi^k'wi lo''lagwdnma* h6*ne xilam la^lit'el Gasi* 
 gane goyo lagagdmdan, wiham goyo lagagdmt' ; goyo gamgdm 
 dak'de hoyd'^t'." Gas^i* mi'his lohoit'e" Gasi" goyo vimisal- 
 
 ' Literally, " that speaking." 
 
 ' Compare Sapir, op. cit., pp. 43, 44. 
 
E. SAPIR TAKBLMA TEXTS. 185 
 
 " Do not hide them! " he is told, " let them go! " In one night 
 that is done to him. Now he counts them as his guardian 
 spirits go out; now five have gone out. Now ten have gone 
 out. In that way he counts them. Then when it has come to 
 twenty, now twenty have gone out, he says so. 
 
 "Are they all gone now?" is asked the medicine-man. 
 Many are the people, the house is full. Thereupon "Yes" he 
 says. "Now they are all gone, there are none now. "— " Do 
 you tell the truth? Have they all disappeared now?" There- 
 upon " Yes " he says. " "Well, do that same thing to him again, ' ' 
 is told the s'omlohdlxa^s. So that same thing he does to him, 
 dust he rubs over him, claps it upon him. No more do his 
 guardian spirits go out, they are all gone now. That has the 
 s'omlohdlxa^s done to him. Since the bad-hearted medicine- 
 man ate up people, for that reason was that done to him. Now 
 my mother did tell me that account;' they are all my mother's 
 words, that which she did tell me. Now when the medicine- 
 man has recovered, just like one that has had ashes thrown in 
 his face has he become. That is done to evil-minded medicine- 
 men. My mother did tell me that account, but I did not see it. 
 
 5. Frances Johnson is Cured by a Medicine-Woman.^ 
 
 Now while they were playing woman's shinny-ball,^ right 
 there a great medicine-woman was playing shinny-ball. Then 
 they were fighting with one another; the women (of one side) 
 were beaten, for that reason they fought with one another. 
 Now at that time I was a fast runner, no one beat me in running. 
 But today I hold a staff in my hand, while long ago, when I 
 was a girl, no one beat me in running. 
 
 Now when the shinny-billet was played with, at that time 
 I became sick. Now then a medicine-man was paid, my father 
 did pay a medicine-man. Four medicine-men danced for me.^ 
 
 * See Sapir, American Anthropologist, N. S., Vol. g, pp. 261, 62. 
 'Literally, " over-me he-danced." 
 
186 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 da^n. Mi' agas'i^ y5"k!''at'k' ya^; xtomas'i^ t!ak' xabinwini, 
 dn? wana t!a'k' debu^ dni^ gand, de^ugu's'i, xis'i^ an? k'ai 
 u"gwd.^n. Dayo"g4mxa gds'i^ gane yimis'alda^n goyo ga hawi 
 an? dak'de hoydt'a^. Aga goyo gamgdm yaxa dak'de hoy6^t', 
 gds'? M*^ga goyo yimis'aldanda^ ga hawi dn? dak'de hoy6^t'. 
 Yimis'aldanda^ wihin goyo wolf, he^e yd'' gane ba-ik!iyi'^k'. 
 
 Gane yap!a ^altlemex; an? gi' alxi'gi^n yap!a %lt lemexda^, 
 mi' lohoit'el Gane hoyd^t' habebini dihd-uda la*lit'a^ yd,''. 
 Gane "it!ani, gwelxda i'uxda itidnip','' nagd'^ goyo^k. Gasi* 
 "Aga y6"^sda^ mi'^wa," neg6s'i. Mi' lohoit'e^; nek'di yowo^s? 
 Gas'i^ biliwdldana^ tcliddxgwa, k'ai he^ne bem ba-ix6Minma^, 
 na^nex na^nagd'^. Bo" aga bem la-uddnxbigi^, andi^' wa^a- 
 ganit'? Gana^nfex ba-ixd^t', wa^agani^n ba-ixo^dina^. Gas'i^ 
 he^nehi baH!eb6t'e^ Xuma ^u's'i, hinde," nagait'e^. Gasi^ 
 goyo -(iyu'^s'. Gas'i^ gane ga naga'^ " Hawi nak'i, bo'4ie hawi 
 wa^dixda* ik !u'4nini^n. " Gane hono^ he^leP, gane aldi ^!u"- 
 mdn wa^'dtxdfek'; gane yo^m k!el ganau matsikk'. Gane aldi' 
 ^iklu^mdn; legwelsi dexdagwa wh, yum ba-iginik'", k!el ganau 
 mats'.kk'. A'n? hono^ xilam la^it'el 
 
 Gane ga nagd'^, " Wede hono^ xilam lap'kleit', gi' 
 cu'^alp'gi^ eit'e^ wede lohdk'i^ eit'e^. Lohdk'i^ eit'e^ ya* he^ne 
 yd"' hono^ xilam lap'da^" neg6s"i. " Wa-iwi' du, dni i'lts!ak"^ 
 wa*himit' yapla, guxwf yaxa du, u'yu^s' yaxk," nagd'^ gane 
 goy6. "Gane pla^gdn, xi t'u klemdn, pla^gdn; he^ne yd" 
 xuma da^dk'i^'." Gane xi t'u k'.emfei wihin; gane plegenxi, 
 
 'Either dndi { = dni^ di) or wede dl may here be used as negative interrogative 
 particle, according to whether wa'^aganW is taken as aorist ("you feel it;" aorist 
 
E. SAPIK — TAKELMA TEXTS. 187 
 
 Now then I almost died. Thereupon I dreamt of a medicine- 
 woman. And now I was nothing but bones; and my food was 
 half a spoonful, not even a full spoonful, not that much did 
 my mother give me to eat, nor did I drink any water. And 
 now in the fall I dreamt of that medicine-woman who had not 
 yet danced for me. These four medicine-men had been dancing 
 for me, but yonder medicine-woman I had dreamt of — that one 
 had not yet danced for me. My mother went to fetch the 
 medicine-woman I dreamt of, and just then she came. 
 
 Then the people assembled together. I did not see the 
 people as they came together, I was dead now. Then she 
 danced just when it had come to be after the middle of the day. 
 Then "Hold her! Do you people hold her legs and hands," 
 said the medicine- woman, for her part. Now " She here might 
 start up, " she said concerning me. Now I was dead; who starts 
 up (when he is dead)? Then jumping upon the disease spirit, 
 something like a splinter of wood being pulled out, thus she did. 
 If nowadays a splinter of wood should hurt you, would you not 
 feel it ? In that way she pulled it out ; I felt it when she pulled 
 it out. And just then I arose. "Give me food, mother," I 
 said. Thereupon the medicine- woman laughed (from joy). 
 Now thereupon that she said, "Tell her to wait until now I 
 set right her body. ' ' Then again she sang, then set my body 
 completely right. Then the blood she put into a basket- 
 bucket. Now everything she set right ; with her lips she sucked 
 it from me, took out the blood, and put it into the basket- 
 bucket. Not again did I become sick. 
 
 Then that she said, " Not again will you become sick as 
 long as I remain alive, as long as I do not die. Just when I 
 should die, just then will you again become sick, ' ' she said to 
 me. " She is a good girl, not badly she talks to people, ever 
 good her heart, ever she laughs, ' ' then said the medicine- 
 woman. " Now let her bathe. Prepare hot water, let her 
 
 stem agan- with organic second a) or potential ("you would feel it;" non-aorist 
 stem ag[a]n- with inorganic second a) . 
 
188 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 he^ne yd,'' xuma Sugu's'i. Agas'i^ aldi^ mi' hd.^«yeweya"^ goyosi^ 
 mi' n6"%' yew6'^. 
 
 Ba^yewenxi; ^n? hono^ xilam la^it'e^ he^ne gas'i^ Gane 
 ba^yewelt'e'da^ fl'luklit'k' he'lem6«x, dnat' la^e' dagd.xdek', 
 dn? k'ai ii'luklit'k'. GwenSwi'^xap' ga yd^ ddgaxdek' alt'geye- 
 fgiya^n. Gana^nex ba^yewenxi, ga ga^al gl'^a da^ho^xgwa^n 
 goy6. Gasis aldi' bo" yap'.a ga nag^'^ "A'ni« k'ai goy6, 
 ^nis k'ai yokloi," nagd'= bo'^ aga ga^y^^k'r Gi's'i^ gwala 
 abii'gi^n. Wi%dkdi' ga'plini goy6 mi'^^s'i" hono^ wihin 
 "t'd.da"'" nagk; eme« ba-ik!iy?k' wit'awa xilamna^ gadak' 
 hoyo^t'. Gi'% gana^nex alxi'gi^n goyo. Yap!a ^alfgli'^s'' goyo 
 wi^in, glxgap' ogoihi, agas'i^ gom dni^ gana^n^x yap!a^ goyb. 
 
 6. A Raid of the Upper Takelma.^ 
 
 Sama mu'^xdkn wigamdis'i^ Yuk'ydk'wa* 16"k', gehihi^ 
 waya^ Dah6"xa la^le\ t'gemetliauhi^, gane Mnau ^alyuwuyd"^; 
 p!i yaxa degiilu'k !abc d^ks^o^mkl. Mi' wuPx' me^ la4e\ mi'hi^ 
 k'.uwuwid"^ n5". Gane he^nehi wigamdi wa-iwi't'a he^ehi 
 geltlaykk', "6+ hami'^t' yiik'ydk'wa gede waya^da^. Geldi'- 
 yalxalt'kleit'?" nagd,'^ wigamdi wa-iwi't'a. He^ne jA^hi ga 
 nagd.'^ "6+," wihkm. Gwenyew6'^, maxa yewewdlt'. Wigamdi 
 xapli'nd^k'wa, mi' waik'his wigamdi. "Ba^dep'! mi' ^ali 
 wulx." Ba'hi^bili''^ ganehi^ no" kluwii'^ mdxadi^l; da^mdxau 
 yd-^hi waya^nid,"^. 
 
 1 =mii^s'-s'i'^. 
 
 ^yapla ' alt' giii" s' , "people white," refers to white men; yap.'a alone, ordinarily 
 simply " person, people," by contrast here means " Indian." 
 
 ' In speakihgof the Upper Takelma the word ivul^.x is here used, a term ordinarily 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 189 
 
 bathe, just then you shall give her food to eat." Then my 
 mother prepared warm water. Then she made me bathe, just 
 then she gave me food. Thereupon they all now returned home 
 yonder, and now the medicine- woman returned next door. 
 
 She cured me ; not again did I become sick as at that time. 
 Then, when I recovered, my hair all came out; in this way 
 did my head become — no hair of mine at all. A neckerchief, 
 just that I tied about my head. Thus she cured me; for that 
 reason, I, for my part, believe in medicine-men. But nowadays 
 all people say that, " Nothing the medicine-men, nothing they 
 know, ' ' say nowadays these (people) growing up. But I have 
 seen many. Two of my cousins are medicine-men, and also 
 another one (who) calls my mother aunt. Here he came when 
 my elder sister was sick, and danced for her. I, for my part, 
 have thus seen medicine-men. White people's doctors are 
 different, they give people medicine; but we Indian medicine- 
 men are not thus. 
 
 6. A Raid of the Upper Takelma.' 
 
 One summer my paternal grandfather was trapping at 
 Yiik'yak'wa,* right there he slept. The evening came, it was 
 getting dark; then up river they looked, a fire was just blazing 
 on top of the mountains. Now the Shastas^ were coming hither, 
 and people ran off down river. And just then my paternal 
 grandmother bethought herself, " Oh, it is right there at Yuk'- 
 yak'wa that your father is sleeping. Did you forget him?" 
 said my paternal grandmother. Just then that said my father, 
 " Oh ! ' ' He turned back, went back for his father. My paternal 
 grandfather was warming his back, now my paternal grand- 
 father had nearly gone to sleep. "Get up! Now right here 
 
 referring to the Shastas. Indeed Frances Johnson used the English name Saste to 
 translate the Indian wulH, though, when asked, she definitely declared that she had 
 reference to the LaV gaP-wd" or Upper Takelma. 
 
 ' Yuk'yak'wa was a well-known salt-marsh where many deer were caught. 
 
190 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 Ganehi^ gwePwa' + k'wi^ la^llt'a^ ba^de^yeweyagwdn, agasi^ 
 wihdm% k!u"yd,pxadi^l dap!a'la-u ga'pHni gelweyanxa^n.' 
 Ganehi^ mi' hono^ kluwuwid"^ ba^de^yeweyagwdn, agasi^ 
 wiMm way^^ k!ia"ydpxadiH. Gwi'^ne si^w6'k'di walk', an? 
 k'wa'^xk'; agasi^ mi' yap!a dn? k'ki, gd^p^inihi yaxa waya^ 
 hawi wihkm klu^'y^pxadi^. Agasi^ ulum^k da^maxau p!i' 
 ^alxi'gin, gdsi^ xa' + ^nehi yankk' wulx^a. Ganehi^ hu''+ wulx 
 mi' yawd'=. Mi' yo"mi yap!k; agd,si^ yap! a k'.uwliMa^ mi' 
 da^maxau, h6Sne yd^hi iguyti"^xa^n. " Wiilx mi' meVok'," 
 nagdsa^nhi^ k!u"ydpxadi^l. " Gwidi na^nagayik'?" nagdsa^n 
 klu'^yd.pxadi^l. Wiham hogd% yuk', klu'^ydpxas'i^ hono^ 
 hogwd.^s yuk'. 
 
 "Ba^bilwabal" Mi' wulx^a de't'an, mi' hono^ de^t'an 
 wi^it'geyek !in. Ha^s'5" yd^hi walk'; ganehi^ ba^bili"^, mi' 
 k'.tiwii'l "Ge wili"^ no'' ge will"^!"' Mi' "p'a + "' sgele''^ 
 wulx, " Ge wili"^ no"," naga-ihi^ wulx. Do^k' ga'p'.ini ana^nak' 
 ga'plini d6"k ^almi'^s', ga yd^hi gweldk hiwili"^ wihkm, agdsi^ 
 klu^ydpxa^ ^dni^ yoklwoi gwidat' hiwiliuda^. Gane mi'hi^ 
 ts' Units' !anx wvilx ^alwaMit'gwan. "Hawi ba^be^ mahait'a 
 wai!^ bo^s'l^ p'el6k's'a^^ ba^'be^ hawi wayd^"° nagdsa^nhi^. Aga 
 do^k' gweldand^ wihkm, gadak' ya^hi nagk'^, gkhi dexeb^^n 
 do"k' gadak' nagk-idal Ganehi^ wiham galt'agwa ik!u'4nkn, 
 agdsi^ yiwiya"^ wulx, ts"!ini'ts"!anx; eme^ne yd^hi mi' ts'.aykk'. 
 "UoH"' mi' nagd'^ wiham^a ba^bill''^ mi' h6«k'. " Ge wili''^ 
 ge wili"^ no", ge wili"^" nagdsa^nhi^. Geme^di hono^ alda^'gink' ? * 
 
 ' So heard for gelwaya^nxa^ n . 
 ' Pronounced in a violent whisper. 
 'A loud and prolonged whisper. 
 * Literally, " still up-sun-big sleep!" 
 "Upper Takelma form of p'elixa". 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TESTS. 191 
 
 are the Shastas. " Up he jumped, then down river his father 
 and he ran off. Far off indeed were they all sleeping. 
 
 Then, when the early morning came, their journey was 
 started again, but my father indeed and his friend, two youths, 
 were sleeping together. Now then again they all ran off, 
 their journey was started, but my father and his friend were 
 sleeping. I do not know how long they slept, they did not wake 
 up; but now there were no more people, just the two indeed 
 did still sleep — my father and his friend. But only a little 
 while before a fire had been seen afar off, and all night long the 
 Shastas, indeed, were going on. Then hu"+ the Shastas now 
 were talking. Now they caught up with the people ; but when 
 now the people had run off far away, just then (my father and 
 his friend) nudged each other. " The Shastas have now arrived 
 here," said he and his friend to each other. "What are we 
 going to do?" said the friends to each other. My father was a 
 runner, and also his friend was a runner. 
 
 " Let us jump up ! " Now the Shastas, for their part, were 
 in front of them, and they also were surrounded on all sides. 
 Just in the middle they seemed to be sleeping ; then they jumped 
 up, and scampered off. " There they run, down river there they 
 run!"^ Now p'a + ' shouted the Shastas. " There they run down 
 river, " said the Shastas. Two logs were like this, two logs were 
 together ; right under those ran my father, but he did not know 
 which way his friend had run. Now then the Shastas were 
 angry with one another. " Still sleep when the sun is way up!^ 
 And just now they were going out to war, (yet) still they sleep 
 when the sun's way up,"" they said to one another. While my 
 father was under these logs, one passed right over them; that 
 same thing he said, as he passed over the logs. Then my 
 father got ready his bow, while the Shasta was talking, was 
 
 " Bitter sarcasm. The Shastas are finding fault with one another for allowing the 
 men to escape. 
 
 'A hoarse whisper. 
 
 'Literally, "when did they find him again?" i. e., "they never found him 
 again." 
 
193 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 Gi'^wa no" y^*hi, ge hono^ p!a-idiViliwia"l Ganehi* 
 dew6nxa la4e\ gweFwa'k'wi%i wig^mdi wa-iwi't'a p!ag^-ihi' 
 hawi t'gem6t!ia-uda^ mi' yaxa Mnt'ada mi' p!ulu'"p!alhi, 
 di'hd.ut'gwan nagd,'^. Ganehi^ wigamdi^ du"git'gwa wa^t!ox6xi. 
 Ganehi^ "Mi' «ale Mnt'ada wtilx," nagd'^ mi' ^als-o^mdl 
 k!uwiiwid,"l Ganehi^ mi'^sga^ wili heye^x id4 t'.i't'a''' hdp'sdi'' 
 ganat'hi k'abdxa'' yap'.k, agdsi^ mi' hant' ^also'tadl ^e'biya"^, 
 ag^si^ wili mi'^sga^ hawi ^dn? also''mal yap!k. " ^Ali labk, ali 
 labk," naga-ihi^ nak'.k t'b6"xi^^ nagk, wlilxsi^ mi' eme^ la*le\ 
 Ganehi^ mi' dak'yo"mikwa, mi' ts!ayagd.n. "Ha' hi ha," 
 mi' wiyi%' tslayaganma^ "Gi' ^eit'e^ wede dtimxdap', D?lo'toi' 
 yugamd^s eit'e^" nagd,-ihi^ Ga wili mi'^sga^ he^emeklin, 
 k'abdxa, guxda^, tlomxixa, bus' klemen wili mi'^sga^ yaplk. 
 A'ni^ hono^ gwi gini%' yaxk, ganehi^ hinau yewe'^. Lat'ga^wa^ 
 xebe^n. Gana^nexhi yap!a hop'.e'^n henenagwasa^n. Gana^nex 
 melexi wihin, hawi ^anP wiham yo^k"^. 
 
 ' With gesture towards some Indian lads that happened to be about. 
 
 ' =t'b6ux-hi''. 
 
E. SAPIK — TAKELMA TEXTS. 193 
 
 angry; when he was right close to him now, he shot at him. 
 "Ho^!" now he said; my father, for his part, jumped up and 
 ran. " There he runs, there he runs down river, there he runs! " 
 they said to one another. They never found him again. 
 
 Just way off down river, there again they were camping. 
 Then the next day came. Right early in the morning my 
 paternal grandmother was bathing when yet it was dark; now 
 just on the other side of the river (the Shastas) now were march- 
 ing, one after another they passed on. Then my paternal 
 grandmother, for her part, snatched together her clothes. 
 Then she said, " Now right here on the other side of the river 
 are the Shastas, ' ' and to the mountains they ran off. Then 
 one house was left (with) a person's sons just like those little 
 boys ; ^ while now they were all half up the mountain the people 
 of the one house were not yet in the mountains. " Take this 
 along, take this along, ' ' they said, all kinds of noise they made, 
 but the Shastas had already got to be here. Now then they 
 caught up with them, and they were shot. " H^' h4 ha, " now 
 they groaned as they were shot. " It is I. Do not kill me. 
 I am one who married at Di%"mi, " ' he said. That one house 
 was cleaned out — his sons, his wife, his mother-in-law — exter- 
 minated were the people of the one house. No further did they 
 still go, then returned up river. The people of Lat'gau did so. 
 Just in that way did the people of long ago destroy each other. 
 Thus did my mother tell me ; not yet had she married my father. 
 
 ' He thinks to be shown mercy by representing himself as related to some people 
 that live further up the river. 
 
in. MEDICINE FORMULAS.' 
 
 I. When Screech-Owl Talks. 
 
 Wd^da dap'o"p'afl 6"p' bob6p'. "Xemelat'edi? Dewenxa 
 hadehal na'-ndn^ ha^ixdil na^n^n, gasi^ ydmx ga-iwada^ yom 
 ga-iwadd.1 Xemelkt'," nagkn. Gasi^ dewenxa ha^ixdl'l 
 naga^ndn.= Ga nagdnhan hat'ga^de hop'.fe'^n, bo"si^ eme^ ani^ 
 ga nagkn. " Yap!k lohog^uliik' , " ne'ye^ bo"% bobop' yiwi- 
 yd-uda^. 
 
 2. When Hummingbird is Seen. 
 
 " Walohogwadd« tt'luklit'k' da^buH'bdsda^ Wili'^t' ganku 
 wahawaxxiwigwadd^. ' ' 
 
 3. When Hooting-Owl Talks. 
 
 T'gwald* ga nagkn, " Libin di we^gds'dam? Ha°-^ da^t'ga- 
 yawdMa ^al^y6. N6k'di t'omomdn? HeMadd^ yap'.a gwalk. 
 Ge di alxi'git', ge di lohoya"^?^ Ga di ga^al libin we*gasdam?" 
 nagdn t'gwald^ yiwiya-udal 
 
 4. When Yellowhammer Talks. 
 
 Yap!a baxdmda^ altlaykk, " Yaplas'i^ baxd^m!" — " Baxax- 
 mia-uda^ yap! a ma di ^alt'.ayagit?" ga nagkn yiwiyd-uda^ 
 t!6'k'^ 
 
 'See Sapir, Journal of American Folk-lore, pp. 35-40, for interlinear translations 
 and explanations of the significance of the charms. 
 
 ' Literally, " I shall cause to be or do." na^n- is causative of non-aorist intr. na-. 
 
 (194) 
 
III. MEDICINE FORMULAS/ 
 
 I. When Screech-Owl Talks. 
 
 One blows tobacco (smoke) towards the screech-owl. 
 " Dost thou wish to eat? Tomorrow I shall obtain^ five or ten 
 (deer), so that thou shall eat fat, blood shalt thou eat. Thou 
 wishest to eat," he is told. And then, on the morrow, about 
 ten (deer) are obtained.' That used to be done in my land long 
 ago, but nowadays here that is not said to them. " People are 
 about to die, ' ' they say nowadays, indeed, when a screech-owl 
 talks. 
 
 2. When Hummingbird is Seen. 
 
 "Thou shalt die with my hair which thou puUest out of 
 the side of my head ! In thy house thou shall rot with it ! " 
 
 3. When Hooting-Owl Talks. 
 
 To a hooting-owl that is said, "Dost thou bring me news? 
 Off yonder towards the north look thou ! Who has been killed ? 
 There far away are many people. Didst thou see them there, 
 did people die there? Didst thou for that reason bring me 
 news?" is told a hooting-owl when he talks. 
 
 4. When Yellowhammer Talks. 
 
 When people come he discovers them, " People are coming! " 
 — "Didst thou discover people as they kept coming?" that is 
 said to a yellowhammer when he talks. 
 
 ^Literally, " they were caused to be or do." nagaan- is causative of aorist intr. 
 nagai-. 
 
 (195) 
 
196 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 5. When the New Moon Appears. 
 
 Bixal ba^t!eb6t'a«'sgelewdldan, "Dap'6it'e^ dehik!iy^k'de^^ 
 ''is'i^ yap!a ' Amadi lohd'^!' nexigi^, ma yd.* na^nd,t'e^, hawi^ 
 ba^'dep'de^. ^i's'i^ k'ai gwala he^ne he^nagwd.sbik'na^ lap'am 
 galsbik'na^ k'ai gwala lasgtim iuxgwkt' 4si^ ga gaisbik'na^ 
 gas-i^ hawi banlebefam. Ma yd^ na^ndt'e^ d6"xa. B6 + ."' 
 
 6. When there is a Heavy Fall of Snow. 
 
 "T'gam^ mef degingan gwens'o"mkl s'iulit'a^ gwent'gem* 
 hagwelt'ge^mt'gam,"^ naganhan pla'^s. Gas'i^ an? lop'.dt', 
 hono^ ha-uhand^s. Gelheye^x p!d,*s, ani^ t'gam ha-uhi'mik 
 gelguliik'. 
 
 7. When it Storms in Winter. 
 GwaPt' mahai wok'da^, gas'i^ 
 
 " HeMad^s hi nk. T'gap'xi'ut'e^ 
 He'dada^ hi nak'"', 
 He^s-o"mdl hi nak'^ degesM', 
 He^Vilamxa hi nak"" t'gap'xl'ut'e^ 
 Wede me^ ginagwkt', 
 Wede me^ gingkt'. 
 Hap'de^ xilam y6"k!a'' 
 Yewe sallatskk'," 
 
 nagdn ga%. Wihin k!u"ydpxa* maldk'wdk", " GwaPt' mahai 
 w6k'iS ga na^gi^k'." 
 
 'Literally, "when it arises." 
 
 * Literally, "ahead I shall go." 
 
 ' This word is intended to represent a prolonged yelling. 
 
 * Probably intended to frighten away the frogs and lizards that eat up the moon. 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 197 
 
 S. When the New Moon Appears. 
 
 When the new moon appears/ it is shouted to, " I shall 
 prosper, I shall yet remain alive.' Even if people 'Would that 
 he died!' do say of me, just like thee shall I do, again shall I 
 arise. Even if all sorts of evil beings devour thee, when frogs 
 eat thee up, many evil beings — lizards, even when those eat thee 
 up, still dost thou rise again. Just like thee shall I do in time 
 to come. Bo +!"* 
 
 6. When there is a Heavy Fall of ,Snow. 
 
 " Hither' drive on the elks that dwell in back of the moun- 
 tain, the black necked ones down in dark places, ' ' Snow used to 
 be told. Thereupon it did not snow, he became quiet again. 
 Snow is stingy; he does not desire to drive down elks. 
 
 7. When it Storms in Winter. 
 When a great wind arrives, thereupon 
 
 ' ' Pass thou away from here. With thy digging-stick 
 Pass thou away from here. 
 Beyond the mountain pass thou with thy sifting 
 
 basket-pan. 
 Beyond Wilamxa' pass thou with thy digging-stick. 
 Come thou not hither with it. 
 Come thou not hither! 
 Thy children dead people's bones 
 Perchance with their feet do touch, ' ' 
 
 just that was said to her. A friend of my mother's told her, 
 " Should a great wind arrive, that shall you say to it. " 
 
 * Each syllable of this formula is recited pompously by itself. 
 "-t'gem and -i' g^emt' gam are probably intentionally used to alliterate with t'gam, 
 " elk." There may be a folk-etymology involved. 
 ' Or Alwildmxadis, a mountain. 
 
198 ANTHEOrOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 8. When a Whirlwind Comes. 
 
 Gasi« p'o"ykmx wili ba^^it'gwdlak'^, dedewilMa t'ga* 
 salp'u'lu^p'ilin. " ^e", «e", k!uyabd«t' eit'e^, gw?neixde2 eit'e^" 
 nagkn. 
 
 g. A Prayer to the Wind. 
 
 "He! GwePwaMide ba-ideye^giwida^ k'aiVa ^'lts!ak"', 
 dd,k'hawaldk'ide ba-ideye^giwidd^ dak'iude ba-ideye^giwidd,^, 
 hats!ek'ts!igide ba-ideye^giwidd^ k'di^wa ^I'ltslak''", daksalde 
 ba-ideye"giwida« k'di^wa ^I'ltslak'^" He^ne dap'op'au, "h''+," 
 nagkn. 
 
 lo. When there is a Heavy Rain. 
 
 " Gwine^di ha-uhdn^sda' ? ge^nb lop'.odkt'. Dlt'gayiikiu- 
 maMa duyum ^alp!i'tc!61tc!alhip'." 
 
 II. When One Sneezes. 
 
 " Nek'di kluyumisi? ' Dap'dit'a^' nexdaba^, ' hawi be 
 mu"^xdkn^ d6hi kliyigaddl'^ Desbu'sba-usdabal " 
 
 ' 1. e., the wind. 
 
 'Literally, " yet day once." 
 
 1 Doubtless misheard for k/Hgadd^. 
 
e. sapir — takelma texts. 199 
 
 8. When a Whirlwind Comes. 
 
 Now a whirlwind whirls up past the house, the earth is 
 kicked by the door. "%'■, %", thy friend I am, thy kinsman 
 I am, ' ' is said to it. 
 
 9. A Prayer to the Wind. 
 
 "He! From down my body shalt thou drive out evil things, 
 from the crown of my head shalt thou drive them out, from 
 over my hands shalt thou drive them out, from within my 
 backbone shalt thou drive out evil things. ' ' Then they blow, 
 h''+ is said to it.^ 
 
 10. When there is a Heavy Rain. 
 
 " How long before thou wilt cease? So long hast thou been 
 raining!" (To those in the house:) "Do ye burn cat- tail 
 rushes towards the west. ' ' 
 
 II. When One Sneezes. 
 
 "Who calls my name? 'Thou shalt prosper,' shall ye say 
 of me, 'yet another day^ shalt thou still go ahead. '^ Ye shall 
 blow to me. "^ 
 
 *That is, "mayest thou continue to live. " 
 
 ^That is, "blow a whiff of tobacco smoke for my prosperity. " 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 This does not pretend to be more than a Hst of the 
 Takelma verb, noun, and adjective stems obtained either in 
 texts or otherwise. Only such derivatives, in the main, are 
 given as either offer some difficulty in regard to formation or 
 whose significance is not immediately obvious from the etymo- 
 logy. An almost unlimited number of other derivatives, par- 
 ticularly from verbs, may be formed by means of the various 
 prefixes and suffixes discussed in The Takelma Language of 
 Southwestern Oregon'^ (referred to as T. L.). Derivative forms 
 are printed indented under the stems. The independent pro- 
 nominal, demonstrative, and adverbial stems, particles, and 
 interjections are listed in the grammar and need not be 
 repeated here. In constructing forms from the materials 
 presented in this vocabulary it should be remembered that the 
 various phonetic processes described in the grammar operate; in 
 particular, t- umlaut is to be made allowance for. The alpha-, 
 betic order followed is as in English, k!, p!, and t! follow k', p', 
 and t' respectively; ts'I follows t!: c is to be sought under s': u, 
 when variant of o, is found with o, when variant of ii, with ii, 
 which follows ts'! References for forms are to page and line of 
 this volume. 
 
 List of Abbreviations and Symbols. 
 
 aW. = ablaut vocalism (T. L., §31) 
 
 ace. = accent 
 
 act. = active 
 
 adj. = adjective 
 
 adv. = a,dveTh 
 
 caM5. = causative {T.L., §45) 
 
 comit. = cova.ita.tvve (T. L., §46) 
 
 co)!^ = continuative {T. L., §43) 
 
 coMir. = contract verb (T. L., §65) 
 
 /re(7M. = frequentative (T L., §43) 
 
 (■j-) = instrumental-!- is dropped in 
 3d per. subj. 3d per. obj. aorist 
 and in 3d per. obj. imperative 
 (r.L.. §64) 
 
 •iM(i-!'r. = indirect object, i. e., bran- 
 sitive verbs so designated use 
 suffix -5- when object is ist or 
 2d per. unless, in non-aorist 
 stems, marked indir. -x- (T. L., 
 §47) 
 
 1 Bulletin 40, Bureau of American Ethnology. 
 
 (201) 
 
202 
 
 AN^THROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 iw/. = infinitive {T. L., §74) 
 
 intr. — intransitive 
 
 ■tVr. = irregular 
 
 ?W. = iterative (T. L., §43) 
 
 M. ag. = noun of agency (T. L., §§79 
 
 -82) 
 obj- = object 
 pass . ptc. = passive participle (T.L., 
 
 §77) 
 per. = person 
 ^Z.= plural 
 
 rector. = reciprocal (T L., §55) 
 .y-JMg. = singular 
 jm6/. = subject 
 «46or. = subordinate form {T. L., 
 
 §70) 
 
 T. L. = " The Takelma Language of 
 Southwestern Oregon ' ' (Bulle- 
 tin 40, Bureau of American 
 Ethnology) 
 
 ir. = transitive 
 
 tmcontr. = uncontracted 
 
 Hsit. = usitative 
 
 t)0(7. = vocative 
 
 ? = doubtful 
 
 [ ] = inorganic element, generally h, 
 "inorganic a," or "constant 
 a" {T. L., §§io, 24, 42) 
 
 ( ) in verbs, enclose stem forms not 
 actually found in material ob- 
 tained but constructed with 
 practical certainty from evi- 
 dent analogies; in nouns, en- 
 close pronominal elements 
 separates stems, prefixes, and 
 suffixes ; forms preceded by 
 hyphen were not obtained ex- 
 cept as compounded with prefix 
 or prefixes given above or below 
 
 : separates aorist stem or stems 
 from verb stem or stems, 
 aorist stems always preceding, 
 verb stems following colon. 
 Prefixes and suffixes given 
 with aorist stems will be under- 
 stood to apply also to verb 
 stems, unless replaced by 
 other elements. Verb pre- 
 fixes (followed by hyphen) or 
 stem forms that are listed as 
 derivatives will be understood 
 to be compounded with stems 
 and suffixes given in first (un- 
 indented) line, unless other 
 elements replace these 
 
 Roman numbers (I, II, III, IVi, 
 IV2, and IV3) refer to classes 
 of conjugation; I and II indi- 
 cate intransitive verbs. Ill 
 transitive verbs, and IV verbs 
 of mixed conjugation {T. L.. 
 §§60-63,67) 
 
 Arabic numbers (1-16) refer to 
 types of stem-formation {T. 
 L., §40). 3* indicates those 
 verbs of type 3 that, like ma- 
 ts lag-, change intervocalic con- 
 sonant of aorist to fortis. De- 
 rivative verb forms without 
 colon belong to same class 
 and type as forms given in 
 first (unindented) line. When 
 either class or type number 
 is lacking with forms sepa- 
 rated by colon, it is to be 
 inferred that satisfactory data 
 for their determination are 
 lacking 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 203 
 
 Verbs. 
 
 -agan-(i-) : -ag[a]n- 
 
 3 111 
 
 
 -agan[h]-i- : 
 
 III 
 
 usit. 
 
 da^- 
 
 
 hear 
 
 wa^- 
 
 
 feel 
 
 badabad-i-: (bat 'bad-) 
 
 13 a III 
 
 scatter (dust) 
 
 ha-^- 
 
 
 clap hands and scatter (dust) 
 
 baxam- : baxm-, baxm[a]- 
 
 3I 
 
 come 
 
 baxaxin[a]- : 
 
 I 
 
 iisit. 
 
 biliw- : bilw-, bil[a]u- 
 
 3I 
 
 jump (with expressed goal of 
 motion) 
 
 (bilil-) : bilwal- 
 
 I 
 
 usit. 
 
 biliw-ald- 
 
 3111 
 
 (jump at), fight with 
 
 biliw-agw-, bill-gw- 
 
 3in 
 
 comit. 
 
 bai- 
 
 
 run out of house 
 
 dal-xa- 
 
 
 jump among 
 
 -bi's- : -bi^C)s- 
 
 6 11 
 
 
 bi's-n[a]- 
 
 6 III 
 
 cans. 
 
 ba°'-gwen- 
 
 
 look up, lift up one's head 
 (used onlv in myths) 
 
 -bok!obak'-(na-) or 
 
 13 a or II 
 
 IVi 
 
 bok!op'-(na-):-b6"Sk 
 
 i 
 
 
 bak'- 
 
 
 
 bok!oba-x- 
 
 13 a II 
 
 boil (intr.) 
 
 bok!oba-x-n[a]- 
 
 13 a III 
 
 boil (tr.) 
 
 da- 
 
 
 bubble, make bubbles under 
 water 
 
 -bot'bad-i- : boM- 
 
 12 III 
 
 
 da-^- 
 
 
 pull out (somebody's) hair 
 from side of head 
 
 da-^i-bodoba-s-an- : 
 
 13 a III 
 
 pull out each other's hair 
 
 (-bot'ba-s-an-) 
 
 
 
 -bu'"g-i- : -bu'"k!- 
 
 6 III 
 
 
 de- 
 
 
 fill 
 
 de-bu'"^ or -bu'"^-x 
 
 
 full (adj.) 
 
 de-bu'"^bk-x 
 
 
 full ipl.) 
 
 -buma^g- : 
 
 
 
 di- 
 
 
 swarm up 
 
 -dagadak'-na- : -dak'da^g 
 
 -13 a III 
 
 
 da- 
 
 
 sharpen (one's teeth) 
 
OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 -dala-g-dmd- : -dal-g- 
 
 2 III 
 
 
 sin-, da''- 
 
 
 pierce nose, ears 
 
 -damak!-(i-) : -damk!- 
 
 3 in 
 
 
 de-^i- 
 
 
 choke (tr.) 
 
 da-dama^-x- 
 
 3n 
 
 be out of wind 
 
 -daway- : -dauy-, -dawi- 
 
 3I 
 
 
 ba"- 
 
 
 fly (up) 
 
 he^^- 
 
 
 fly away 
 
 -daxag- : -daxg- 
 
 3111 
 
 
 bai- 
 
 
 (?) be responsible for some- 
 thing to (no, 23) 
 
 -dele-b-i- : (-del-b-) 
 
 2 III 
 
 
 ha- 
 
 
 stick into 
 
 s"in-de^le-p'-gwa- 
 
 
 stick into one's own nose 
 
 -di'k'dag- : di'g- 
 
 12 III 
 
 
 ba^- 
 
 
 erect, cause to stand up 
 
 -dini-k!- : -din-k!- 
 
 2 III 
 
 
 ba"- 
 
 
 stretch up (tr.) 
 
 bai-de- 
 
 
 stretch out (tr.) 
 
 ba*-dini^-x- 
 
 2 II 
 
 extend up (intr.) 
 
 bai-de-dini^-x- 
 
 2 II 
 
 come marching in order 
 
 dink!-i- : dink!-as- 
 
 iSb II 
 
 lie stretched out 
 
 -dini'-t!-^ :-din-t-! 
 
 2 III 
 
 
 ba^- 
 
 
 string (on line) 
 
 ha-dini-t!-an-(i-) 
 
 
 string out(dentalia) in (house) 
 
 -dolog- : -dolg-, -dol[a]g- 
 
 3I 
 
 
 gel- 
 
 
 be lazy 
 
 -domo^s- : -dorn^s- 
 
 311 
 
 
 ba^- 
 
 
 (birds) fly up and light 
 
 -d6«s : 
 
 
 
 hawax-ba°-- 
 
 
 it is rotten, stinks 
 
 -duyuk!-i- : (-duik!-) 
 
 3111 
 
 
 he^-i- 
 
 
 push 
 
 diilu'Hlal-i : dttlt'.al- 
 
 13 b III 
 
 stuff (basket) -^^-ith 
 
 duwu"-g- ^ : du"-g-, 
 
 2 I 
 
 be good, do right 
 
 du'w[a]-g- 
 
 
 
 ei-, e®-b- : (replaced by yo-) 
 
 I contr. 
 
 be 
 
 ' Radically identical with preceding verb. 
 ^Cf. adj. diiu. 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 205 
 
 ei[h]-i- : m 
 
 eiLy]-i-, indir. -s- : III 
 
 eseu- ; (esw-) 3 I 
 
 gala-b- : gal-b- 2 III 
 
 -gaxagax-i- : -gaxgax- 13 a III 
 1- 
 
 i-gaxagax-gwa- 
 gayaw-, indir. -al-s- : 3 III 
 gaiw-, indir. gai-s- 
 geyew-al-x: geiw-al-x-, 3 II 
 
 gei-x- 
 geye^w-al-x ; II 
 
 gayaig-, indir. gai- 
 waw-al-s- : 
 gele-g- : gel-g- 2 III 
 
 di'-^al-gelegal-amd- : 13 a III 
 
 -gelgal- 
 di'-^al-gelegal-dm-s- 
 
 -genep'-gwa- : -genp' 
 de-^i- 
 
 13 a II 
 3 in 
 
 -geneu- ' : -gen[a]w- 
 
 de-^-geneu-kVa : 
 (-gen[a]u-) 
 
 : de-gen[a]w- 
 -gesegas-al- : -gesgas- 
 
 al- 
 
 -gewek!aw-(i-), indir. -s-: 13 b III 
 -geuk!aw- 
 de-^i- 
 
 3 
 3 HI 
 
 13 a I 
 
 use 
 
 hurt 
 
 sneeze 
 
 twist (thread) by rolling 
 
 scratch 
 
 scratch oneself, one's own 
 eat 
 
 eat (without obj.) 
 
 be in habit of eating 
 usit. 
 
 drill (for fire) 
 
 tie (hair) up into top-knot 
 
 tie one's own (hair) up into 
 top-knot 
 
 He curled up. dog-fashion 
 lie curled up dog-fashion 
 dit. 
 
 wash (intr.) 
 
 tie (salmon) bow-fashion 
 
 -geyan- : -gey[a]n- 
 
 3 IV 3 
 
 
 al- 
 
 
 turn one's face away 
 
 -gilib- : gi'lb- 
 
 3 III 
 
 
 han- 
 
 
 put (beams) across (main 
 posts of house) 
 
 -giligal-i- : (-gilgal-) 
 
 13 a III 
 
 
 al- 
 
 
 bedaub 
 
 al-giligal-kVa- 
 
 
 daub over oneself 
 
 ' Related to preceding stem. 
 
206 ANTHROPOLOGICAL 
 
 -gi'na- : -gPna- 
 i- 
 
 gini-g- : gin-g-, gin[a]-g- 
 
 giniy-agw-, gini'-gw- : 
 
 gin[a]-g\v- 
 (de-ginig-an-) : de- 
 
 ging-an- 
 gining- : 
 
 -gis'igas--(i-) : -gisgas"- 
 i- 
 
 -gulug[w]- : -gul[a]g- 
 
 gel- 
 -goyok!-(i-) : -goik!- 
 
 i- 
 
 i-goyogiy-a-, indir. 
 -goyogi'-s- : goigiy- 
 
 -guluk!-al-x- : -giilk!- 
 de- 
 
 -gwaM-i- : (-gwa^t!-) 
 bai-^- 
 bai-gwa^-s- : -gwd^'^^-s- 
 
 : gwenai-d^s (n.ag.) 
 
 gwidik'M-, gwidigw-: 
 gwid[a]k'M-, gwi- 
 d[a]t'- 
 
 xam-gwidis-gwi- : 
 gwidi-lha- : gwid[a]- 
 ^ Iha- 
 i-gwidigwad-(i-) : 
 
 -gwit'gwad- 
 i-gwidigwad-i- : 
 
 -gwit'gwad- 
 sal-gwidigwad-(i-) : 
 
 -gwit'gwad- 
 wa^-gwidigwad-i- : 
 
 -gwit'gwad- 
 gwidigwa-s- : 
 
 -gwit 'gwa-s- 
 
 PUB. UNIV. OP PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 6 III 
 
 2 I 
 2 III 
 
 2 III 
 I 
 
 13 a III 
 
 3 III 
 
 3 in 
 
 13 a III 
 3 11 
 6 III 
 
 I 
 
 13 c IVi 
 
 II 
 2 III 
 
 13 a III 
 
 13 a III 
 
 13 a III 
 
 13 a III 
 
 13 a II 
 
 take 
 go (with expressed goal of 
 motion) 
 take along to 
 
 drive ahead to 
 
 iter. 
 
 tickle 
 
 like, desire 
 
 touch (unwillingly), nudge 
 frequ. 
 
 blaze, glow 
 
 make (hair) come loose 
 (hair) comes loose 
 
 good singer 
 
 throw 
 
 throw away, lose 
 
 throw oneself into water 
 
 keep throwing 
 
 push 
 
 throw into one's hand 
 
 kick 
 
 (kill and) throw several away 
 
 give out (from weariness) 
 

 E. 
 
 SAPIE — TAKELMA 
 
 TEXTS. 207 
 
 gwilis- : (gwils-) 
 
 
 3 II 
 
 
 ba-^al- 
 
 
 
 turn one's (ear) over 
 
 -hagai- : -hagai- 
 
 
 I I 
 
 
 di^- 
 
 
 
 feel as if about to be touched 
 in anus 
 
 dak'- 
 
 
 
 feel thrill in head 
 
 s'in- 
 
 
 
 have funny feeling in nose 
 
 -ha*l-(i-), indir. -s- : 
 
 
 5 III 
 
 
 -hala[h]-, indir. 
 
 -X- 
 
 
 
 dak'-da- 
 
 
 
 answer 
 
 -halahal-(i-) : 
 
 
 13 a III 
 
 frequ. 
 
 (-halhal-) 
 -helehal-xa- : (helhal-) 13 a I 
 -hanats!-(i-) : -hants!- 3 III 
 ha^w-i- 
 
 hau-hana^-s- : -han^-s- 3 II 
 plai-di^-hana^-s- ; 3 II 
 
 han^-s- 
 -hawak!- : (-hauk!-) 3 III 
 
 ba*- 
 ha^- : haxa- s I irr. 
 
 ha°x-an-, ha^-n[a]- : 5 III 
 haxa-n- 
 
 -hegehag-, -hegehak'-na- : 13 a III or IV i 
 (-hek'hag-, -hek'- 
 hak'-na-) 
 xa*- 
 -hegwehagw- (i-) , indir. 13 a III 
 -s- : -he^gwagw- 
 gwen- 
 gwen-hegwe^hagw- 
 
 an-i- : 
 gwen-hegwA^gw-an-i- : 1 2 III 
 gwen-hek'wa''g'w- : 12 III 
 -heg'wehak'""-na- : 13 a IV i 
 
 -he'gwak'"'-, 
 -hekVa^-k'"- 
 i- 
 helel- : he^- 8 I 
 
 helehal- : (helhal-) 13^1 
 
 frequ. (without obj.) 
 
 stop {tr.) 
 
 stop (intr.) 
 
 stop (raining, burning) 
 
 dip up (water) 
 burn (intr.) 
 burn (tr.) 
 
 breathe 
 
 tell, relate 
 tell to 
 
 relate 
 relate 
 
 work 
 sing 
 frequ. 
 
208 ANTHROPOLOGICAL 
 
 PUB. UNIV. OF 
 
 PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 
 -hemeg- : (-he^mg-) 
 
 3111 
 
 
 
 al- 
 
 
 meet (person) 
 
 
 ha-t'ga^-hem-s-gi^ 
 
 
 in middle of field 
 
 
 -hemeg- : -hemg-, 
 
 3 III 
 
 
 
 -hem[a]g- 
 
 
 
 
 -heme^mg- : 
 
 III 
 
 usit. 
 
 
 bai- 
 
 
 take out, off 
 
 
 hemeham-, indir. -s- : 
 
 13 Silllcontr. 
 
 imitate 
 
 
 hemham- 
 
 
 
 
 hemei-k'wa- : 
 
 Ill 
 
 act like 
 
 
 -hemem-(i-) : -he^m- 
 
 8 III 
 
 
 
 i- 
 
 
 wrestle with 
 
 
 de- 
 
 
 taste 
 
 
 -hene'^-d- : -he^n-d- 
 
 2 III 
 
 
 
 dak'- 
 
 
 wait for 
 
 
 -hene^n-d- : 
 
 III 
 
 cont. 
 
 
 -henehan-d : (-hen- 
 
 13 a III 
 
 usit. 
 
 
 han-d-) 
 
 
 
 
 -hene-xa : -hen- 
 
 2 III 
 
 wait 
 
 
 henen- : he^n- 
 
 8 I 
 
 be used up, consum.ed; have 
 living relative 
 
 no 
 
 bai-de- 
 
 
 be through eating 
 
 
 henen-agw- 
 
 8 III 
 
 eat all up, annihilate 
 
 
 i-henen-an- (i-) 
 
 8 III 
 
 use all up 
 
 
 -hewehaw- : -heuhaw- 
 
 13 a III contr. 
 
 
 
 gel- 
 
 
 think (intr.) 
 
 
 -he'wehaw-(i-), indir. 
 -s- 
 
 heweho-x-gwa- : (heu- 
 
 
 think of 
 
 
 13 a I 
 
 yawn 
 
 
 hau-) 
 
 
 
 
 -heyek!-i- : -heik!- 
 
 3 III 
 
 
 
 de- 
 
 
 leave over 
 
 
 heye^-x- : hei^-x- 
 
 311 
 
 be left over 
 
 
 gel-heye^-x- : -hei^-x- 
 
 311 
 
 be sting}^ 
 
 
 -hili'gw- : -hil[a]gw- 
 
 3 III 
 
 
 
 di'- 
 
 
 be glad 
 
 
 hiliw- : hilw- 
 
 3I 
 
 climb 
 
 
 hiliw-dld- 
 
 
 climb for 
 
 
 : -hi'l-x- 
 
 II 
 
 
 
 bai- 
 
 
 (flood) covers (world) 
 
 
E. f 
 
 3APIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 209 
 
 -himi-d- : -hi'm-d- 
 
 2 III 
 
 
 ■wa*- 
 
 
 talk to 
 
 -himi-xa- 
 
 2 I 
 
 talk (intr.) 
 
 -himim-d- : 
 
 III 
 
 iter. 
 
 -himim- : -hi'm- 
 
 8 III 
 
 
 bai- 
 
 
 drive out 
 
 hau- 
 
 
 drive down hill 
 
 hiwiliw-^ : hiwilw-, 
 
 3l 
 
 run (with expressed goal of 
 
 hiwil[a]u- 
 
 
 motion) 
 
 p!ai- 
 
 
 run down (hill) 
 
 da^ol df- 
 
 
 come near from behind 
 
 dal-hiwili'-gw- : 
 
 3 in 
 
 run off into brush with 
 
 (-hiwil[a]u-) 
 
 
 
 hiwilil- : 
 
 I 
 
 usit. 
 
 ho"gw- : hogw- 
 
 1 1 
 
 run (without expressed goal of 
 motion) 
 
 hogohagw- : (hok"^- 
 
 13 a I 
 
 frequ. 
 
 hagw-) 
 
 
 
 -huk!uhak'-na- : (-hu«k'- 
 
 13 a IV I 
 
 
 hak'-) 
 
 
 
 xa- 
 
 
 breathe 
 
 -holohal-(i-) : (-holhal-) 
 
 13 a III 
 
 
 ha-^i- 
 
 
 dig into (fireplace, putting 
 ashes aside) 
 
 -ho"x-gwa- : (-hox-) 
 
 I III 
 
 
 da^- 
 
 
 believe 
 
 hoyod- : hoid- 
 
 3I 
 
 dance 
 
 hoyod-agw- 
 
 3 III 
 
 dance (particular dance) 
 
 hoyoy- : hoi- 
 
 8 III 
 
 steal 
 
 hu"l-in- : hul-in- 
 
 I II 
 
 be tired 
 
 hulu"hal-in- : (hulhal-) 
 
 13 a II 
 
 usit. 
 
 hu"l-i-n[h]a- 
 
 1 III 
 
 caus. 
 
 -hiilu-p !-i- : httl-p !- 
 
 2 III 
 
 
 -hulu"hal- : (-hu"lhal-) 
 
 13 a III 
 
 frequ. 
 
 he"S-i- 
 
 
 beat off (back) 
 
 ha-^I-, al-^i- 
 
 
 skin 
 
 -hunu"«-s- : (-hu''n^-s-) 
 
 3 II 
 
 
 p!ai- 
 
 
 shrink, get short 
 
 ' Possibly to be analyzed as -hi wiliw-. 
 
/ilU ANTHROPOLOGICAL 
 
 PUB. UNIV. OF 
 
 PA. MUSEUM^ VOL. II. 
 
 -huwu"k!- : -hu"k!- 
 
 3 HI 
 
 
 p!ai- 
 
 
 spread down 
 
 ha- 
 
 
 spread out (mat) in (house) 
 
 -hoyoiy- : -hoiy- 
 
 8 III 
 
 
 al- 
 
 
 hunt {tr.) 
 
 -huyui-x-, -huyu-x- : 
 
 8 II 
 
 hunt, go to hunt (intr.) 
 
 -hui-x- 
 
 
 
 -huyuhi- : (-huihi-) 
 
 13 a III 
 
 usit. (tr.) 
 
 huyuhi'-x- : -huihi'-x, 
 
 13 a II 
 
 usit. {intr.) 
 
 -huyti-x- 
 
 
 
 imiam-d-i- : im^am-d- 
 
 13 bill 
 
 pile up 
 
 imi[h]am- : im[h]am- 
 
 13 a III contr. 
 
 send 
 
 imi[li]am-(i-), indir. -s- 
 
 13 a III 
 
 send 
 
 -i'w-, indir. -s- : -iwi-, in- 
 
 Sin 
 
 
 dir. -X- 
 
 
 
 he^^- 
 
 
 leave 
 
 he^''-wa-i'w-i- 
 
 
 leave behind with 
 
 gwel-^i'w-i- 
 
 
 beat in running 
 
 k'alak'al-i-, indir. -s- : 
 
 13 a III 
 
 roll (dust, ashes) over 
 
 (k'alk'al-) 
 
 
 
 -k'd^p'-gwa- : (-k'd^sp--) 
 
 6 III 
 
 
 di-^al- 
 
 
 put dust on one's own fore- 
 head 
 
 k'ap!ak'ap'-na- : k'a^p'- 
 
 i3aIVi 
 
 throw (objects into) 
 
 k'ap'- 
 
 
 
 ba-%1- 
 
 
 turn (things) over 
 
 he^^-T-k 'ap ! ak 'ab -i- 
 
 13 a III 
 
 chip off (pieces of wood) 
 
 k'ebal-i'- : k'ep'al- : 
 
 IS a II 
 
 remain absent 
 
 k'awak'au-, indir. -s- ; 
 
 13 a III 
 
 bark at 
 
 (k'auk'au-) 
 
 
 
 k'ewek'aw-al- : (k'eu- 
 
 13 a I 
 
 bark 
 
 k'aw-) 
 
 
 
 k'ewe^k'aw-al- : 
 
 I 
 
 usit. {intr.) 
 
 -k'iwik'au-kVa- : -k'iu- 
 
 13 a III 
 
 
 k'au- 
 
 
 
 de- 
 
 
 brandish before one's face 
 
 dak'- 
 
 
 brandish over one's head 
 
 -k'ulu"^-k'wa- : 
 
 
 
 bai- 
 
 
 come floating down stream 
 
 p!ai-k'ulu"k'al- : 
 
 13 a 
 
 drop down dead one after 
 
 (-k'u"lk'al-) 
 
 
 another 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 311 
 
 -k'wd^gw-i- : -kVa^klw- 6 III 
 
 1- wake up (tr.) 
 
 k'wd,''-X- : k'Wa'^S-X- 6 II wake up (intr.) 
 
 kladai-, indir. -s- : k!aM- 7 b III contr. pick, pluck 
 k!adai[h]-an-i-, k!aday- 
 
 an-i- 
 k!adak!at'-na- : 13 a IV i 
 
 (k!at'k!at'-) 
 k!edfei-xa- : (k!e-sa-) 7 b I 
 k!edei-k'wa- : k!et'- 7 bill; II 
 
 gwi- 
 
 -k!alak!al-(i-) : k!alk!al- 13 a III 
 sal-i- 
 
 pick for 
 
 usit. 
 
 be out picking 
 pick for oneself 
 
 scratch (leg, foot) with claws 
 
 de-^i- 
 
 
 
 scratch against doo 
 
 -k!alas-(i-) : 
 
 : -k!a4s- 
 
 3 in 
 
 
 bai- 
 
 
 
 take out 
 
 -k!alas-na-, 
 
 -k'.alas- : 
 
 16 IV 2 or II 
 
 
 -k !alsi- 
 
 
 
 
 di- 
 
 
 
 be lean in rump 
 
 i- 
 
 
 
 be lean in hand 
 
 di-k!als 
 
 
 
 lean in rump (adj.) 
 
 -k!anak!an-(i-) : (-k!an- 13 a III 
 k!an-) 
 i- 
 
 k!a^-an-d- : k!aw-an-d- i III 
 -k !axak !ax-i- : -k!axk!ax- 13 a III 
 k !wal-hawa^- 
 
 k !ayay- : ga'^ - 8 1 
 
 : di^-k!en-i-x 
 
 k!elew- : (k'.elw-) 3 HI 
 
 klemfei-, kleme^n- : 3 111 contr. 
 
 klernn-, k!ein[a]n- 
 klemen-xa- ; k!em-xa- 3 I 
 ba-^-k!enien-aind- : 3 HI 
 
 -k !emn- 
 ba*-k!emen-am-s- : 3 II 
 
 -k !emn- 
 k!eme%mg- : k'.em- i3a-fVr. Ill 
 ^amg 
 
 twist (hazel switch) 
 put acorn meal in sifting pan 
 
 besmoulder by burning pitch 
 under 
 grow 
 
 putting on style 
 sup up (acorn mush) 
 make; treat as, use as 
 
 work (intr.) 
 equip with 
 
 prepare to go 
 
 frequ. 
 
313 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 -k!e^v-al-i- : -(k!ew-) 
 i- 
 wa-k !eV-al-x-gwa- 
 
 I III 
 
 whirl around (,tr.) 
 whirl around (intr.) 
 
 k'.ixix- : gi'x- 
 
 kliyig- : k'.i'g-, k!iy[a]g- 
 
 k!iyi'g- : 
 
 bai- 
 
 p!ai- 
 
 de- 
 
 ba^-gel- 
 
 8 III 
 
 3l 
 
 I 
 
 finish (tr.) 
 fall 
 
 usit. 
 
 come 
 
 fall down 
 
 live on, continue to exist 
 
 lie down belly up 
 
 k!odod- : goM- 
 
 8 III 
 
 bury 
 
 klolol- : go"!- 
 ba^- 
 klulii-xa- : (-gu"l-) 
 
 8 III 
 81 
 
 dig 
 
 gather up (bones) 
 dig (without obj.) 
 
 -k!omok!am-(i-) : (-k!om- 
 k !am-) 
 s'al- 
 i- 
 
 13 a III 
 
 kick to pieces 
 break to pieces 
 
 klomom- : (go"m-) 
 
 8 I 
 
 fish {intr.) 
 
 -k!os-o"-g-(i-) :-k!os--g[a] 
 da- 
 1- 
 -k!os'ok!as"- : (-k!os'- 
 
 -2 III 
 13 a III 
 
 bite slightly 
 
 pinch 
 
 freqii. 
 
 k!as--) 
 -k!os"6s'-g[a]- : III 
 
 -k!ot'k!ad- : -k'.oM- 12 III 
 xa-i- 
 
 xa-i-k!od6-lh-i- : III 
 
 xa-i-k!odok!at'-na- : 13 a IV i 
 
 (-k!ot'k!at'-) 
 
 xa^'-klot'kla-s- :-k!o-s- 12 II 
 
 k!oyo"- : k!o"y- 2 III 
 
 k!oyo"-x-an- 2 I 
 
 -k!u"m-an-(i-) :k!um-an- i III 
 1- 
 
 i-k !u"m-an-k'wa- 
 ha-^i- 
 
 i-k !u"m-an-anan-i- 
 
 ustt. 
 
 break in two 
 
 cont. 
 
 break to pieces 
 
 break (intr.), become broken 
 
 go with 
 
 go with one another 
 
 fix, prepare 
 
 prepare oneself, get ready 
 
 prepare (house) by sweeping 
 
 it clean 
 prepare for, get ready for 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 213 
 
 kluwuw-, klowo''- :gu"w- 8 III 
 
 bai- 
 
 al-k !-Qwu'"w-i- 
 
 k luwu^aug- : gu"gaw- 13 a irr. Ill 
 
 kluwuw- ' : gu"w- 
 
 I 
 
 ba^ 
 
 k !u"wuw-an- 
 
 8 III 
 
 k !uyum-id- : k !oim-id- 
 
 3 in 
 
 -k!walagw-(i-) : 
 -k!walgw[i]- 
 xa-^al- 
 
 3 III 
 
 (klwalag-) : klwa^lg- 
 
 3111 
 
 -k !wene-[h]i- : -k!wen- 
 [h]i- 
 1- 
 
 2 III 
 
 la^b- : laba- 
 
 la''b-an[h]a-, la'^b- 
 
 sin 
 
 anan-i- 
 le^b-an-x- : (lebe-n-x-) 
 
 sii 
 
 -M'^d- :ldn!- 
 
 6 III 
 
 xa^- 
 
 
 xa^-ld,M-i- 
 
 xa*-le^^-sap' 
 
 lagag-i- : la^g- 
 lagag-dmd- 
 
 la^-l-i'- : la^-, la^-p'- 
 
 lawalh-i- : 
 la^l-aw-i- : (la^'-w-i-) 
 
 throw mass of small objects 
 (e.g., intestines, gophers); 
 sow, plant (tobacco); put 
 (dentalia) on (neck) 
 
 throw away 
 
 throw out 
 
 throw (dust) on one's face 
 
 8 III 
 
 (people, animals) run away in 
 one mass, (birds) fly off 
 (animals) run away 
 (birds) fly up all together 
 scare away (group of animals) 
 
 call one's name, speak of one 
 who is out of ear-shot 
 
 let alone 
 throw (on fire) 
 
 hold (staff) in one's hands 
 
 carry on one's back 
 carry for 
 
 be always carrying 
 
 put (belt) about one's (own) 
 
 waist 
 put (belt) about (another's) 
 
 waist 
 belt 
 
 give to eat 
 pay 
 
 10 a aiid 15 a become 
 
 II 
 
 II iter. 
 
 10 a III cause to become 
 
 ' Evidently same as preceding stem, but used intransitively. 
 
214 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 la^lw- : la^v'- 
 
 lo a III 
 
 twine (basket) 
 
 wa-la^law-i- : 
 
 12 III 
 
 keep twining while (doing 
 something else) 
 
 la"iiial- : 
 
 III 
 
 get angry with, quarrel with 
 
 -lats!ag-(i-) : lasg[i]- 
 
 3*111 
 
 
 ]- 
 
 
 touch 
 
 sal- 
 
 
 touch with one's foot 
 
 da- 
 
 
 taste 
 
 la^'law-i-, indir. -s- : la*w- 
 
 , 12 III 
 
 name, call 
 
 indir. -x- 
 
 
 
 la^alaw-, le^vilau- 
 
 
 iter. (?) 
 
 {ahl.) : 
 
 13 a (?) Ill 
 
 
 lawad-an- : laud-an- 
 
 3 in 
 
 hurt {tr.) 
 
 p!ai-lawa^t' 
 
 
 (birds) light 
 
 -lay^^k'-na- : (-laik'-) 
 
 3 IV I 
 
 
 i- 
 
 
 coil (basket) 
 
 le=b- : lebe 
 
 Sin 
 
 gather and eat (seeds, grass- 
 hoppers) 
 
 (lebelab-) : le^p'lab- 
 
 13 a III 
 
 frequ. 
 
 lebed- : (lep'd-) 
 
 3 III 
 
 sew {tr.) 
 
 lebe-sa- 
 
 3l 
 
 sew (without obj.) 
 
 legwel-, indir. -s- : 
 
 III 
 
 suck 
 
 legwel-amd- 
 
 
 suck out of 
 
 -lehei- : -lehe- 4 b I 
 
 bai- 
 -ie®l-agw- : -lei- i III 
 
 da^'- 
 lelek!- : lelk!- lo a III 
 
 he=s-i-lelek!-(i-) 
 
 he"8-de-lelek!-(i-) 
 
 he"S-sal-lelek!-(i-) 
 
 lem-i' pThe''gw6'k"''sT] 15 a (?) 
 lemek!- : lemk!- 3 III 
 
 he'=''-I-lemek!-(i-) 
 
 leme^amg- : (lem^amg-) 13 a irr. Ill 
 lemek !-iau- 3 I 
 
 leme^-x- : lem^-x- 3 II 
 
 he^^-leme^-x- 
 
 3 II 
 
 drift dead to shore 
 
 listen to, hear about 
 put 
 let go 
 
 finish talking 
 stop dancing 
 
 he is good [worker] 
 take along {pi. obj.) 
 
 do away with, annihilate 
 
 always take along 
 
 (people) move, go 
 
 (people) go, come together; 
 (wind) comes 
 
 (hair) comes out 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 215 
 
 lep'ni-yau- 
 
 I 
 
 be winter 
 
 lep'nl-xa 
 
 
 winter {adv.) 
 
 -lewesiaw-(i-) : (-leu^au-) 
 
 13 b III 
 
 
 da''- 
 
 
 swing (shells) in one's ear 
 
 -leye^s- : -leis- 
 
 311 
 
 
 gwel- 
 
 
 be lame 
 
 leyas nagai- 
 
 
 stumble 
 
 ligi'- : li'g- 
 
 2 I 
 
 return home with game, food 
 that has been obtained 
 
 ligi-gw- : li'-gw 
 
 2 III 
 
 fetch home (game) 
 
 ligilag- : (lik'lag-) 
 
 13 a I 
 
 always return home with 
 game 
 
 liwilha-gw- : 
 
 III 
 
 always fetch home (game) 
 
 de-ligi-d,ld- : -li'g- 
 
 2 III 
 
 fetch home for eating 
 
 ligi'-n- : li'g-[a]ii- 
 
 2 II 
 
 rest (intr.) 
 
 ligi'-n- : lig-an- 
 
 2 III 
 
 rest (tr.) 
 
 ligilag-an- : (lik'lag- 
 
 13 a II 
 
 always rest (intr.) 
 
 an-) 
 
 
 
 limim- : li'm- 
 
 8 I 
 
 (tree) falls down 
 
 limilam- : (limlam-) 
 
 13 a I 
 
 frequ. 
 
 limim- an - 
 
 8 III 
 
 fell, chop (tree) 
 
 dak'-limim-x-gwa- : 
 
 8 I 
 
 have (tree) fall on oneself 
 
 -lim- 
 
 
 
 (liwid-) : liud- 
 
 3I 
 
 burn (intr.) 
 
 liw[i]lau- : liV- 
 
 12 I 
 
 look 
 
 gwen- 
 
 
 look behind 
 
 liwilhau- : 
 
 13 a I 
 
 keep looking 
 
 liwa'' nagai- 
 
 
 give a look 
 
 lobob- : lo'^b- 
 
 8 III 
 
 pound (acorns, seeds) 
 
 liibu-xa- : lu'^p'- 
 
 8 I 
 
 pound (without obj.) 
 
 lobolap'-na-, lobolp'- 
 
 13 a or 13 
 
 c frequ. 
 
 na- : (lop'lap'-) 
 
 IV I 
 
 
 16"g[w]- :16"k![w]- 
 
 6 III 
 
 set trap for (animal) 
 
 loklolha- : 
 
 III 
 
 usit. 
 
 li'ik !u-xa- : lu'^-x[w]a- 
 
 2 I 
 
 trap (without obj.) 
 
 luk!ti"-xa- : 
 
 I 
 
 usit. (without obj.) 
 
 li'ik !u-xa-gwa-d-an-i- 
 
 2 III 
 
 trap (without obj.) for (per- 
 
 son) 
 
316 
 
 AXTIIEOPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM^ VOL. II. 
 
 16"g[wp:16"k![w]- 
 
 6 III 
 
 thrust, stick out 
 
 al-16"g[w]-(i-) 
 
 
 thrust out to 
 
 han-16"g[w]-(i-) 
 
 
 stretch out across 
 
 gwen-16"g[w]-(i-) 
 
 
 stick into one's throat 
 
 ha-16"g[w]-(i-) 
 
 
 stick into 
 
 al-s-in-ld'^gH-O-) 
 
 
 meet (person) 
 
 p!ai-di«-16"g[w]-(i-) 
 
 
 make (stick) stand up, erect 
 (house-post) 
 
 ha- 
 
 
 put on (one's garment) 
 
 sal- 
 
 
 put on (one's moccasins) 
 
 gwel- 
 
 
 put on (one's leggings) 
 
 lohoi- : loho- 
 
 4b I 
 
 die 
 
 p!ai- 
 
 
 fall by stumbling 
 
 gel-lohoi-gw- 
 
 4 b III 
 
 avenge 
 
 (loholhi-) : loh[d]lhi- 
 
 13 a irr. I 
 
 frequ. 
 
 loho"-n- : loho- 
 
 I III 
 
 cause to die, kill 
 
 loho-nha : 
 
 I III 
 
 caus. iter. 
 
 loholah-an- : (lohlah-) 
 
 13 a III 
 
 cans, tisit. 
 
 ha-loho^'-n- : -loho-n- 
 
 I III 
 
 trap (small animals) 
 
 lohoy-dld-^ : loho-ld- 
 
 4 b III 
 
 hire 
 
 s'om- 
 
 
 doctor {tr.) as s' omloholxa^s 
 
 lohoyi-xa- : lohoi- 
 
 I I 
 
 hire (without obj.) 
 
 s'oxn-luhui-xa- : 
 
 I 
 
 practice medicine-rites of 
 s'omloholxa^s 
 
 s-om-lohor-xa-^s 
 
 
 medicine-man fopposed to 
 goyo) 
 
 lo"!- : lo"- 
 
 10 a I 
 
 play 
 
 lo"l-agw 
 
 10 a III 
 
 play with 
 
 lo"-s-i 
 
 
 plaything 
 
 lomol- : lom[a]l- 
 
 II I 
 
 choke (intr.) 
 
 loplod- : lop'd- 
 
 3* I irr. 
 
 storm, (rain, snow^) 
 
 -lumusg[a]- : -lttmsg[a]- 
 
 3I 
 
 
 de- 
 
 
 tell the truth 
 
 de-lumusg-an- 
 
 3111 
 
 tell the truth to 
 
 malag-i- : malg-, mal [a]g- 
 
 3 III 
 
 tell, speak to 
 
 malag-anan-i-^ 
 
 
 tell to 
 
 ' Perhaps identical with preceding stem. 
 
 ^ Perhaps related to preceding stem. 
 
 ' When preceded in 3d pers. form by notx or p!a"s. 
 
 'With ist or 2d per. obj. iiiata-x- : mal[a]-x-. 
 
B. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 nialag-^'' : (malg-, 3 I be jealous 
 
 mal[a]g-) 
 . malag-d.md- 3 III be jealous of 
 
 madman-, ma*n- 12 III contr. count 
 
 (3dper. subj.) : (ma"^-) 
 da-ma^man-i- 
 
 217 
 
 -ma^s- 
 di'- 
 
 matslag- : masg[a]- 
 inats!asg[a] : 
 p!ai- 
 
 II 
 
 3* III 
 III 
 
 bai- 
 gwel- 
 
 mAhwi- : I 
 
 melel- : (me^l-) 8 I 
 
 mili'-d- : mil[a]-d- 2 III 
 
 -mini-k'-d[a]- :rQin-t'[a]- 2 III 
 da''- 
 
 -molo^mal- : -moPmal- i^hlll contr. 
 
 or unconir. 
 
 ba^-^al- 
 
 i-wa-molo^mal-i- 13 b III 
 
 moyugw-an- : moigw-an- 3 I 
 moyugw-an-an- 3 III 
 
 niulu«k!- :mulk!- 3 HI 
 
 naga-, indir. -s- : na^g-i-, 2 III 
 indir. -x- 
 
 nagai-^ : na- 4 a irr. I 
 
 contr. 
 
 -nawa^k!- : (-nauk!-) 
 ba^- 
 -nawak !-an- 
 
 3 III 
 
 count up, recite list 
 
 be light, lit up 
 
 put 
 usit. 
 
 put down; originate, set 
 (world) firm ; give birth to 
 start in with (singing) 
 put away in back (of house) 
 
 be pregnant 
 
 blaze 
 
 love 
 
 teach 
 
 turn (things) over 
 stir (food in basket-bucket) 
 with 
 
 be spoiled 
 spoil {tr.) 
 
 swallow 
 
 say to, do to 
 
 say, do 
 
 climb up (tree) when pursued 
 chase up 
 
 ' Probably identical with preceding stem. 
 
 ' Intransitive form of preceding stem. For paradigms of both naga- and nagai-, 
 together with their most important derivatives, see T. L., Appendix A. 
 
218 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PDB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM^ VOL. II. 
 I III 
 
 ni'w-, indir. -[a]s- : niw- 
 hin^x-niV- 
 
 -n6"g[w]-i- : (-n6"k![w]-) 
 xa^-p !i'- 
 
 xa^-p !i'-n6"-k'wa- 
 xa^'-b e^-n6"-k 'wa- 
 
 6 III 
 
 fear, be afraid of 
 be afraid 
 
 warm (somebody's) back 
 warm one's own back 
 warm one's own back in sun 
 
 n6"g[w]-i- : (-n6"k![w]-) 
 al- 
 
 al-nu^-k'wa- 
 n6"-k'wi- 
 
 6 III 
 6 II 
 
 paint (part of body) 
 paint face 
 
 paint one's own face 
 paint oneself 
 
 -n^M-i- :-nu"t!- 
 de-^i- 
 
 6 III 
 
 drown (tr.) 
 
 o"b- : ob- 
 
 I III 
 
 dig up 
 
 oM- : odo- 
 al-oM-an-(i-) 
 i-«oM-an-(i-) 
 s'al-oM-an-(i) 
 odo^ad- : 
 
 S Illirr. ace. 
 13 b III 
 
 hunt for, look for 
 look around for 
 feel arotmd for 
 go to look for 
 frequ. 
 
 ogoy-i-, indir. ogo-s'- : 
 ok'i-, indir. o-s'- 
 ogo^ag-i- : ok ! [w]ag- 
 da- 
 
 2 III 
 13 bill 
 
 give to 
 
 usit. 
 
 give to eat 
 
 oyon- : oin- 
 
 3 III contr. or 
 uncontr. 
 
 give (something) 
 
 p'eleg- : p'elg- 
 
 p'ele-xa- : p'el-xa- 
 
 3 III 
 3l 
 
 go to war against 
 go to war 
 
 p'ild-i'- : p'ildi- 
 p !ai-gel- 
 
 IS a and i6 II flat object lies 
 
 lie belly down 
 
 p'ilip'al-i- : (-p'ilp'al-) 
 di'- 
 
 13 a III 
 
 squash (insects) , whii 
 
 gel-bem- 
 
 p'iwits!-an- : (p'iuts!-) 
 p'lwas nagai- 
 
 -p'6M-i- : -p'6"t!- 
 dal- 
 
 3 111 
 6 III 
 
 ran) 
 whip (children) on breast 
 vdth stick 
 
 cause to bounce 
 bound off {ititr.) 
 
 mix with 
 
E. SAPIE TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 319 
 
 -p'oup'aw-(i-), indir. -s-: 
 
 12 III 
 
 
 (-p'o"w-) 
 
 
 
 al-, al-da- 
 
 
 blow upon 
 
 da- 
 
 
 blow out 
 
 da*-da- 
 
 
 blow (water) on cheeks 
 
 (da-p'owop'aw-) : p'o"- 
 
 13 a III 
 
 frequ. 
 
 p'aw- 
 
 
 
 -p'owok!-(i-) : (p'o"k!-, 
 
 3 III 
 
 
 -p'ow[a]k!-) 
 
 
 
 de-^- 
 
 
 bend {tr.) 
 
 p'owo^-x- 
 
 311 
 
 bend {intr). 
 
 (-p'oyo-?) : -p'oi- 
 
 2 (?) II 
 
 be blessed, prosper 
 
 p'oy-amd- : p'oyo-md- 
 
 Sin 
 
 smoke out (wasps) 
 
 p'uyup'i-emd- 
 
 13 a III 
 
 usit. 
 
 : p'uM-ik'^i (pass, ptc.) 
 
 
 fathom of string of dentalia 
 
 -p'-ulu"p'al-i- : (-p'ulp'al-) 
 
 13 a III 
 
 
 sal- 
 
 
 kick (earth) 
 
 -p'u"t'p'ad-i- : (-p'uM-) 
 
 12 III 
 
 
 waya- 
 
 
 stab with knife 
 
 han-waya- 
 
 
 stab through with knife 
 
 p'.abab- : ba^b- 
 
 8 III 
 
 chop (tree) with horn wedge 
 
 p!ebe-xa- : (be^p'-xa-) 
 
 8 I 
 
 be a-beating off (bark from 
 tree) 
 
 plagai- : p!a^g- 
 
 4 a I 
 
 bathe (intr.) 
 
 p!aga^-n- : p!a^g-an- 
 
 2 III 
 
 bathe (tr.) 
 
 p!agap!ag- : (p!ak'- 
 
 13 a I 
 
 frequ. 
 
 p!ag-) 
 
 
 
 p'.ahan- : p!ah[a]n- 
 
 3I 
 
 be ripe, done (in cooking) 
 
 p !ahan-an- 
 
 3 III 
 
 make done 
 
 p!ahay-an-an-i- 
 
 3111 
 
 make done for (person) 
 
 p!ala-g-i- : p!al-g- 
 
 2 III 
 
 tell a myth to 
 
 p!ala4-g- : 
 
 III 
 
 usit. 
 
 p!ala^-p'- : p!al[a]-p'- 
 
 2 II 
 
 tell a myth 
 
 pleye^n-, 3d per. p!eye^ : 
 
 14 I 
 
 (long object) lies; (person) lies 
 
 y\h- 
 
 
 dead 
 
 -p!iyin-k'wa- : -p!i- 
 
 14 III 
 
 
 gwen- 
 
 
 lie with head on pillow 
 
 gwen-p!i-xap' 
 
 
 pillow 
 
 ' Perhaps belonging to p'w^t'p'ad-. 
 
330 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 p !owow- : bo"w- 
 
 8 III 
 
 
 sting 
 
 -p!ti"gug[w]- : -bu"g[w]- 
 
 8 III 
 
 
 
 di'- 
 
 
 
 start, begin {tr.) 
 
 p!ulu"p!al-(i-) : pliilplal- 
 
 13 a III 
 
 
 march 
 
 p!uwu"-k![w]-, indir. -s- : 
 
 2 III 
 
 
 name, call by name 
 
 (p!u"-k![w]-) 
 
 
 
 
 p!-Qwu"-^-k'wi- 
 
 2 II 
 
 
 name onself 
 
 p!uwup!aw- : p!u"- 
 
 13 a III 
 
 
 iter. 
 
 p!aw- 
 
 
 
 
 p!uwu^au-g- : 
 
 13 a irr. 
 
 III 
 
 usit. 
 
 sa^gw- : sagwa- 
 
 5 HI 
 
 
 shoot (arrow) 
 
 sa^gw-' : sagwa- 
 
 Sin 
 
 
 paddle (canoe) 
 
 ba^- 
 
 
 
 paddle (canoe) up river 
 
 hau- 
 
 
 
 paddle (canoe) down river 
 
 bai- 
 
 
 
 paddle (canoe) to land 
 
 han- 
 
 
 
 paddle (canoe) across 
 
 sa^gw-an-, indir. -s- 
 
 
 
 paddle (person in canoe) 
 
 se^gw-an-k'wi- 
 
 SH 
 
 
 paddle oneself 
 
 -sa*msam-(i-) : (-sa'^m-) 
 
 1 2. Ill 
 
 
 
 al-dak'- 
 
 
 
 bump one's head against 
 
 (samag-iau-) : samg- 
 
 3I 
 
 
 be summer 
 
 sama-xa 
 
 
 
 summer (adv.) 
 
 sa^nsan- : sana-p'- 
 
 12 and 5 
 
 II 
 
 fight [intr.) 
 
 sa'^san-, sa^ns-, indir. 
 
 12 and 5 
 
 III 
 
 fight with, kill, spear (sal- 
 
 -s- : Sana-, indir. x 
 
 contr. 
 
 or 
 
 mon) 
 
 
 10 bin 
 
 
 s'as'-an-i'- : s"as'-an- 
 
 15 a II 
 
 
 stand (sing.) 
 
 s'as'-an-hap'- : 
 
 II 
 
 
 stand around 
 
 s'as'ans'as'an-i'- : 
 
 1 2 and 1 5 
 
 all 
 
 iter. 
 
 s'as'-an-i-nh[a]-, s'as'- 
 
 15 a on III 
 
 caus. 
 
 anh[a] : s'as'anh[a]- 
 
 
 
 
 -s'a^s'as"-^ : -sa^'s- 
 
 12 II 
 
 
 
 ba"- 
 
 
 
 come to a stand, stand up 
 
 s"as' nagai- 
 
 
 
 come to a standstill 
 
 -s'a^xs'ix- : 
 
 12 irr. II 
 
 
 
 sal- 
 
 
 
 slide, slip 
 
 -saya^n-gw- : 
 
 III 
 
 
 
 di^ 
 
 
 
 break wind 
 
 ' Perhaps identical with preceding stem. 
 ' Identical base with preceding. 
 
sbedesbad-i- : sbet'sbad- 13 a III 
 (-sbowosb aw- ?) , -indir. 
 
 -s- : (-stosbaw-?) 
 
 ist per. obj. -sbu- 
 
 sbau- 
 de- 
 : waya-wa-^i-sdeink l-ik'™ 3 III 
 
 {pass, ptc.) 
 
 {s"doyos'da-gwa-) : s'doi- 13 a III 
 s'da- 
 
 se'^b- : sebe- s III 
 
 -se"g-(i-) : -se^k! 6 III 
 
 al- 
 
 de-^- 
 
 -segesag-i-, indir. -s- : 13 a III 
 -se^k'sag- 
 
 s"ein-i'- : s'eini- 
 
 E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 stuff (basket) up tight 
 
 221 
 
 blow to (for prosperity) 
 knife-blade 
 
 put on style 
 
 roast 
 
 bow to 
 
 open the door to 
 
 iter. 
 
 senesan- : sensan- 
 -sga^b-i- : -sgd^p!- 
 
 15 a and 16 II box-like object lies with opening 
 up 
 whoop 
 
 13 a II 
 
 6 III 
 
 wa- 
 
 -sgadasgad- : (-sgaf- 13 a III 
 sgad-) 
 
 bai-di^- 
 -sga*k'sgag-(i-) : -sga^g- 12 III 
 
 ba-^i- 
 
 p!ai-^i- 
 
 :k!wai ba*-sgek'sgig- 13 a III 
 ik'^ {pass, ptc.) 
 -sgalaw-i- : -sga4w- 3 m 
 
 al- 
 
 make (hair) tight 
 
 have strength 
 
 pick up, lift up 
 
 pick up and set down 
 
 Ditchfork 
 
 look at by moving head 
 
 slightly to side 
 jrequ. 
 
 -Sgala4aw-, istper. obj. irr. Ill 
 -sglelel- : -sgalwalw- 
 
 -sgal-i^- : -Sgali- iS a and 16 II 
 
 (jg^_ (grain) lies scattered about 
 
 sgdn'-ap'- : sgd^^^'t'-ap'- 6 II jump in 
 
 -sgayan- : z'^^ 2, {^) 
 
 (Ja^_ lie down, be lying down 
 
222 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 -sgayap-x-^ : -sgaip- 
 
 3 11 
 
 
 p!ai- 
 
 
 go to lie down 
 
 he«s- 
 
 
 lie down (act.) 
 
 p!ai-gel- 
 
 
 lay oneself belly down 
 
 -sgek!i'- : -sgekli- 
 
 I IV 3 
 
 
 da^ 
 
 
 listen 
 
 -sgek!ei-ha- : 
 
 III 
 
 listen around 
 
 sgelew- : sgelw-, sgel[a]u- 
 
 3l 
 
 shout 
 
 sgelel- : sgelwal- 
 
 I 
 
 keep shouting 
 
 sgelew-dld- 
 
 3 111 
 
 shout to 
 
 -sge"d-(i-) : -sge^t!- 
 
 6 III 
 
 
 ba-^i- 
 
 
 lift up (rock) and turn over 
 
 -sget!esgad-(i-): 
 
 13 a III 
 
 iter. 
 
 (-sge^t'sgad-) 
 
 
 
 -sge^t'sgad-(i-) : (-sge'^d-) 
 
 12 III 
 
 
 i- 
 
 
 twist, turn (arm, leg) to one 
 side 
 
 sgi'b- : (sgi'p!- 
 
 6 III 
 
 cut, lop of 
 
 sgip!isgab-(i-) : 
 
 13 a III 
 
 iter. 
 
 sgi'^p'sgab- 
 
 
 
 sgip!i-rh-i- : 
 
 2 III 
 
 cont. 
 
 sgili'-p-x- - sgi'1-p-x- 
 
 2 II 
 
 warm one's back 
 
 -sgimisgam- : -sgimsgam- 
 
 13 a HI contr. 
 
 p!ai-di^- 
 
 
 set (posts) in ground 
 
 sg6"d- : sg6"t!- 
 
 6 III 
 
 cut 
 
 sgotlosgad- : 
 
 13 a III 
 
 frequ. 
 
 sgon'sgad- 
 
 
 
 xa-^I-al- sgot !osgad- (i-) 
 
 13 a III 
 
 whip, beat 
 
 : sgo^t'sgad- 
 
 
 
 gwen-sgot!osgat'-na- : 
 
 13 a IV I 
 
 cut off necks 
 
 -sgo^t'sgat'- 
 
 
 
 sgot !6-lh[a]- : 
 
 2 III 
 
 usit. 
 
 sg6"-s- : sg6"s-s- 
 
 6 II 
 
 part (intr.), fall apart 
 
 xa*-sg6"-s- 
 
 6 II 
 
 break in two {intr.) 
 
 han-sg6"-s- 
 
 6 II 
 
 lie across (trail) 
 
 sgotbsgad- : 
 
 13 a I 
 
 break apart (intr.) in several 
 
 sg6"^t'sgad- 
 
 
 places 
 
 sgut !u"-xa- : (sgu"^-sa-) 
 
 2 I 
 
 cut (without obj.) 
 
 ' Evidently related to preceding stem. 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 323 
 
 -Sg6"-s-' (with subordinate 6 II be tired (. ..-ing) 
 
 clause) : (-sg6"^-S-) 
 
 Sg6"-S-gwa- 6 III be tired of 
 
 -sguyuk!-(i-) : -sgtiik!- 3 III 
 
 ^1 "1" uproot (tree) 
 
 di^-sgiiyu^-x- : -sgfl'^-x- 3 H (erect object) falls down 
 
 [t'ga^l Sigi-t'a^ (subor.) 15 a (?) II where [this earth] is set, as far 
 
 as [this earth] goes 
 -sili-x-gwa- : 2 III 
 
 t'_^l" _ come to land with (canoe) 
 
 Sll nagai- come paddling in canoe 
 
 -s-ilis'al-i- : -s-ils'al- 13 a III 
 
 1" distribute (food) to 
 
 -smayam-, -smayam[ha]- : 3 and 15 b IV 3 
 -smaimas- 
 da- 3 smile 
 
 -smiHsmal-(i-) : 13 a III 
 
 -smilsmal- 
 
 1" swing (tr.) 
 
 smilismal-x- 13 a II swing (intr.) 
 
 S'omo-d-^ : s-om-d- 2 III cook (acorn mush) 
 
 s-umu-xa- 2 I cook (without obj.) 
 
 s-ow6"-%'-[w]ap'- : s'o"- 2 II jump (without expressed goal 
 
 %'-[w]ap'- of motion) 
 
 s'owo-k!-an- : s"o"-k!- 2 III caus. 
 
 s"owo''s"aw- : (s'O"- 13 a I hop along 
 s'aw-) 
 
 -S'iigtis'u-x-gwa- : 13 a irr. Ill 
 
 (-s-iik's'ti-) 
 
 wai- feel sleepy 
 
 S"Ug[w]-id-i' : S'uk'-d-i- 15 a and 16 II (string) lies curled up 
 
 s'u^[w]al-i'-, S'i^ul- : S'U^al- 15 a II sit, dwell (sing.) 
 
 s'u^al-ha- : I cont. 
 
 swadai-, indir. -S- : •] hill contr. beat (in gambling, shinny 
 
 (swaM-) 
 Swadai-S-an- 7 b I gamble (at guessing-game, 
 
 shinny) (recipr.) 
 
 ' Probably identical with preceding stem. 
 ^ See also ts'/umu"m-t'a-. 
 
224 
 
 ANTI-IfiOPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OP PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 swadag- : swat'g[a]- 3 III 
 
 swadat'g[a]- : III 
 
 : swen-x-gwa (inf.) II 
 
 -s-wi'ls'wal-(i-) : -s'wi'l- 12 III 
 
 1- 
 
 han-way a-s 'wils 'wal-i- 
 
 he^^-s'wi'ls'wal-x- 12 II 
 
 i-s'wilis'wal-(i-) : 13 a III 
 
 -s'wils'wal- 
 t'agai- : t'a^g- 4 a I 
 
 t'agat'ag- : (t'ak't'ag-) 13 a I 
 -t'amak!-(i-) : (-t'amk!-) 3 III 
 
 de-^i- 
 
 da-t'ama^-x- : (t'am^- 3 II 
 X-) 
 -t'bd''g-(i-) : -t'bd^k!- 
 
 -t'bagat'bag- : 
 -t'ba^k't'bag- 
 
 al-^i- 
 
 al-sal- 
 
 al-^i-t'bege-xa- : 
 (-t'be"-xa-) 
 
 la-8i- 
 
 la-waya- 
 
 la-t'bd*-x- : -t'bd.^«-x- 6 II 
 t'b^^g-amd-' : t'bd.^k!- 6 III 
 
 dak'- 
 
 6 III 
 13 a III 
 
 2 I 
 
 dak'-t'b6^g-ani-s- 
 
 6 II 
 
 di-da"- 
 
 
 di-daM'be'g-am-s- 
 
 6 II 
 
 di-daM'be'«k't'bag- 
 am-s- : (-t'b^^k!-) 
 
 12 II 
 
 gwen-hau-t'b6®g-am-s- 6 II 
 xa^-t'b6"%'t'bag-am-s- 12 II 
 
 pursue 
 
 keep foUoviring up 
 evening star 
 
 tear (tr.) 
 
 tear through with knife 
 
 tear (intr.) 
 
 tear to pieces 
 
 cry 
 iter. 
 
 put out (fire) 
 (fire) goes out 
 
 frequ. 
 
 hit, strike 
 
 kick 
 
 hit (without obj.) 
 
 burst open (tr.), rip open 
 rip open with knife 
 burst (intr.) 
 tie up (hair, sinew) 
 
 tie (somebody's hair) up into 
 
 top-knot 
 have one's own (hair) tied up 
 
 into top-knot 
 tie (somebody's hair) up on 
 
 side of head 
 have one's own (hair) tied 
 
 up on side of head 
 have one's own (hair) tied 
 
 up into two bunches on 
 
 sides of head 
 have one's own (hair) tied 
 
 up in back of head 
 (sinew) be all tied together 
 
 ' Perhaps connected with preceding stem. 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 225 
 
 -t'bo"k't'bag- : -t'bo"g- 12 III 
 
 he"^-wa-t 'bo"k 't 'b a-x- 
 gwa- 
 
 -t'bo"k!-al-x-:(-t'bok!-?) i (?) ll 
 
 al- 
 
 di^- 
 t'b6"-x- : t'b6"^s).x. 6 II 
 
 t'b6"x naga- 
 
 -t'box- 13 a III 
 
 roll up and put away- 
 lay oneself away with (one) 
 clasped in arms 
 
 have pimples on face 
 have warts on back 
 make a noise 
 make a noise so as to be 
 heard by 
 
 III 
 
 6 III 
 6 II 
 13 a II 
 
 2 II 
 6 III 
 
 -t'boxot'bax-i 
 t'bax- 
 ha-^i- 
 -t'e^al- 
 
 1- 
 -t'e^g- : -t'e^k!- 
 
 ba'^-t'e^-x- : -t'e'^-x 
 baM'ek!et'a-x- : 
 (-t'e^k't'a-x-) 
 baM'ekleMhpJ-x- : 
 -t'e^g-i-^ : -t'e'k!- 
 dak' 
 dak'-t'ek!e-xa- : -t'e^^- 2 I 
 
 xa- 
 dak'-t'ekle'^-xa- : 2 I 
 
 -t'ga^t'gal-, indir. -s- : 12 III 
 (-t'gan-) 
 al-da- 
 -t'gats!at'gas-(i-) : 13 a III 
 
 -t'ga^st'gas- 
 bai-di^ 
 ba^-di^ 
 t'gei-ts'!-i'-^ : t'gei-ts"!-i- 15 a.and 16 II round object lies 
 
 gwen-^wa-t'gei-ts'!-i- 15 a and 16 have one's head lie next to 
 k'wa- : -t'gei-ts' !-i- III 
 
 gwa- 
 t'geme-tl-iau- : (t'gem-) 2 I get dark 
 
 : t'ge^mt'gam-x-gwa 13 a II 
 
 clean out inside (of house) 
 
 hold out one's hand palm up 
 
 emerge (from water) 
 bob up and down 
 
 keep floating up 
 
 give (one) to smoke 
 smoke (intr.) 
 
 usit. (intr.) 
 bounce away from 
 
 stick out one's anus 
 stick one's anus up 
 
 darkness 
 
 ' Probably identical with preceding stem. 
 ' See t'geye- below. 
 
226 
 
 ANTHEOPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 -t 'genets!- : -t'gents!- 
 ha-yau- 
 
 t'geye-b- : t'gei-b- 
 t'geye-p-x- 
 i-t'ge^-al-i- : t'ge^-1- 
 t'ge^y-al-x- : t'geM-x- 
 wi-t'geye-k!-(i-) : 
 
 -t'gei-k! 
 wi-^i-t 'gey e-k !- (i-) 
 al-t'geyet'gay- : -t'gei- 
 
 t'gay- 
 al-^-t 'gey et 'gay- (i-) 
 
 -t'gili^-s-gwa- : (-t'giF-s- 
 gwa-) 
 
 3 in 
 
 
 put about one's middle 
 
 2 III 
 
 roll {tr.) 
 
 2 II 
 
 roll (intr.) 
 
 I III 
 
 roll (tr.) 
 
 I II 
 
 roll (intr.) , run around 
 
 2 III 
 
 put around 
 
 2 III 
 
 surround 
 
 13 a III 
 
 tie (kerchief) around (head. 
 
 
 neck) 
 
 13 a III 
 
 roll up 
 
 3 111 
 
 
 s'm-^- 
 
 -t'gi'lt'gal-(i-) : (-t'gi'l-) 
 xa-^- 
 
 12 III 
 
 3T 
 
 t'gis'im- : t'gis'm-, 
 t'gis'[a]m- 
 al-t'gis'km-t' 
 
 -t'gi'y-al-x- : (-t'giy-) i II 
 al- 
 
 -fgumu-ts'!-i-: (-t'gum-) 2 III 
 
 di;- 
 
 di'-t'gumut'gam-i- : 13 a III 
 t'gumt'gam- 
 
 -t'gu"b- : -fgii^p!- 6 III 
 
 dak'- 
 
 dak'-t'gu"b-amd- 
 p !ai-hau- 
 p!ai-hau-t'gii"p-x- : 6 II 
 
 -t'g<i"^p-x- 
 p!ai-hau-t'gup!-id-i' : 15 a and 16 
 
 (-t'gu^p'-d-i-) 
 
 -t'gu''nt'gan-(i-) : -t'gu"n- 
 he^^-sal- 
 
 t'gunu"-g- : t'gu"n-p'- 2 II 
 
 scratch, rub one's nose 
 
 break (leg) by throwing (rock) 
 at 
 
 get green 
 green (adj.) 
 
 tears roll down one's face 
 
 squeeze and crack (insect) 
 iter. 
 
 put on hat, box-like object 
 
 bottom up 
 cover (basket) over, put lid on 
 upset (canoe) 
 (canoe) upsets 
 
 II box-like object lies upside 
 down, with bottom up 
 
 kick off 
 be cold 
 
E. SAPIK — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 227 
 
 -fguyu'^'s- : (-t'gu'^s-) 8 II 
 al-da- 
 
 xa^-da 
 
 -t'gwa^l-al-x- : (-t'gwal-) i II 
 ba-^- 
 
 (body) is blistered 
 
 face is blistered, (fire) blisters 
 
 face 
 back is blistered 
 
 b a-^-t 'gwal-agw - 
 
 (children) run about in short, 
 quick runs 
 I III (whirlwind) whirls up past 
 
 (house) 
 t'gwaxai- : t'gwa°x-an- 7 b III contr. tattoo 
 
 t'gwaxai-k'wi- : 7 b II tattoo oneself 
 
 t 'gwa^-an-t ' -gwi- 
 -t'gwelt'gwal-i- : 12 III 
 
 (-t'gwen-) 
 xa*-sal- 
 
 -t'gwili-k!w-an- : t'gwil- 2 III 
 klw- 
 p!ai- 
 
 t'gwili'-s-x- :t'gwil-s-x- 2 III 
 p!ai-t'gwili-^-x-n[a]- : 2 III 
 
 -t'gwil-^-x-n[a]- 
 p !ai-t 'gwili't 'gwal- 
 (-t'gwi'lt'gwal-) 
 t'iyi'- : t'i'- 
 t'uwu"-g-i : t'u"-g-, 
 t'uw[a]-g- 
 t'uwu-g-iau- 
 
 -t'wap!at'wap'-na- : 
 t'wa^'2'p't'wap'- 
 al- 
 
 -t'wiy-al-(i-) : (-t'wiy-) i III 
 i- 
 
 t'wi'y-al-x- i II 
 
 -t !aba^-gw- : (-t !a^b-agw-) i III 
 xi- 
 
 -tlabag- : -tiap'g- 3 III 
 
 da- 
 
 13 a I 
 
 8 (2?) I 
 2 I 
 
 13 a IV 1 
 
 break in two by stepping on 
 
 drop (liquid) (tr.) 
 
 (liquid) drops 
 
 drop (liquid) involuntarily 
 
 (liquid) keeps dripping 
 
 float 
 be hot 
 
 weather is warm 
 
 blink with one's eyes 
 
 make whirl up 
 whirl (intr.) 
 
 be thirsty 
 
 finish 
 
 ' Cf. adj. fuu. 
 
238 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 I III 
 
 -tla^d-Ci-) : (-t!ad-) 
 bai-dak'-wili'- 
 
 -tlagai- : -da'^g- 
 da- 
 
 t'.alal- : da^- 
 
 (t!alat!al-) : daldal- 
 
 t'.amai- : t!ami- 
 
 7 b III contr. 
 
 8 III 
 
 13 a. and 8 III 
 
 3I 
 
 t !amay-an- : t !amy-an- 3 III 
 
 t !amay-an-w-, t !amay- 3 I 
 an-[a]u- 
 
 -t!ana[h]-i-, indir. -s- : 2 III 
 -t'.an-, -t!an[h]- 
 
 i- 
 
 wa^-i- 
 
 gel- 
 
 xa*-^al- 
 -t!aut!aw-(i-) : -t!aV- 
 
 i- 
 
 -t'.awat'.aw- : (-t!au 
 t !aw-) 
 -t'.ayai- : -dai- 
 
 da- 
 
 -t!ayaMd-(i-):-daMd- 
 
 t !ayag- : da^g- 
 al-t!ayag-(i-) 
 s'in-t!ayag-(i-) 
 da''-t!ayag-(i-) 
 
 gel-t!ayag-(i-) 
 -tiayaig- : 
 
 -t!ebe- : de^b- 
 ba''- 
 
 t !egwegw-dld- : de^gw- 
 t !egwegw-d.lt'-gwi- 
 
 -t!elet!al-i- : (-t!elt!al-) 
 al-da- 
 
 12 III 
 
 13 a III 
 
 9I 
 
 9 III 
 9 III 
 
 III 
 
 7 all 
 
 8 III 
 8 II 
 
 13 a III 
 
 rush out of the house 
 
 build a fire 
 
 crack 
 iter. 
 
 go to get married (said only of 
 woman) 
 take woman (somewheres) to 
 
 get her married 
 go with woman to see her 
 married 
 
 hold 
 
 keep house 
 
 push against while facing 
 
 watch 
 
 catch hold of, fiddle with 
 frequ. 
 
 go to get something to eat 
 
 (intr.) 
 go to get (food) to eat (tr.) 
 
 find 
 
 find, discover, get sight of 
 
 smell (tr.) 
 
 discover by hearing, hear all 
 
 of a sudden 
 think about, recall to mind 
 usit 
 
 get up ; (new moon) appears 
 
 watch 
 
 take care, look out for oneself 
 
 lick 
 
E. SAPIE TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 22& 
 
 -t!emem-(i-) : -de^m- 8 III 
 wa^-i- 
 wa-t !eme''-x- : -de^m- 8 II 
 
 dak'-tleme^-x- 
 
 8 II 
 
 t!feut!aw- : t!feu- 
 t!feut!aw-agw- 
 
 12 I 
 12 III 
 
 -t!eyes-na- : -tleisi- 
 gwel-sal- 
 
 i6 IV 2 
 
 t!eyes-s- : t!e'«-s- 
 
 3 11 
 
 t!i'l-d,md- : t!i']- 
 
 I III 
 
 t ! i'1-am-xa- 
 
 I I 
 
 -t!ili-k'-n-i- : -dil-n[h]- 
 
 7 a III 
 
 wa- 
 
 
 -t ! ixix-i- : -di'x- 
 bai- 
 
 8 III 
 
 III 
 
 gather (people) together (tr.) 
 (people) come together, as- 
 semble 
 assemble (intr.) 
 
 play shinny- 
 play shinny with , 
 
 have no flesh on legs and feet 
 
 go up, fly up (to sky) 
 
 fish for 
 go fishing 
 
 distribute to, give one to each 
 
 force something out that 
 sticks inside (like entrails) 
 
 mash 
 iter. 
 
 lie like dead 
 caus. 
 
 kill 
 
 -t!iyi'-s- : -t!i'-s- 
 
 di'-t!iyi'-s-(i-) 
 
 di'-t ! iylt lay- : (-t ! i^- 1 3 a III 
 t!ay-) 
 
 t!obag-i'- : t!obag-as- 15 b H 
 t!obag-i'-n[ha]- : 15 ^ III 
 
 t !obag-as-n[a]- 
 
 tlomom- : do"m- 8 III 
 
 tlomoamd- : do"um- 13 a irr. and usit. 
 
 dam- 8 III 
 
 t lumu-xa- : (-dum-xa-) 2 and 8 I 
 
 -t!os'ot!as'-(i-) : (-tlos'- 13 a III 
 t!as--) 
 
 s'al- 
 -t!oxox-i- : -do"x- 8 III 
 
 wa^-i- 
 
 -t !ox6-lh- : 2 III 
 
 -t loxot !ax- : -do"xdax- 13 a and 8 III usit. 
 
 -tlugui- : -du"g[w]- 7 b III contr. 
 
 (Jj_ wear (garment) 
 
 -t!ugu^t'-na- : n IV i usit. 
 
 kill (without obj.) 
 
 walk about at random 
 
 gather (pieces) together 
 iter. 
 
230 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM^ VOL. II. 
 
 3111 
 
 -t!u"lug[w]- : -t!u%- 
 ha- 
 -t!ulu*lg- : 
 
 t'.ulutlal-, indir. -s : 
 t!ult!al- 
 t!ulut!al-p'-iau- 
 
 t!wep'et!wap-x- : 
 dwe^'p'dwap- 
 
 tsMadad- : sa^d- 
 ts!adats!at'-na- : 
 (saH'sat'-) 
 
 -tslagag- : (-sa^) 
 p!ai- 
 wili'-da- 
 
 ts!a*k'ts!ag- : tsla^g- 
 
 -ts lalats !al-i- : -ts !alts !al- 
 da- 
 
 -ts"!a*m-x- : (-ts'Iam-) 
 da- 
 ha^wi-gel- 
 
 -tsMamag- : (-tsMamg-) 
 da-^- 
 
 ts !away- : ts !awi-, ts !auy- 
 
 tslayag- : sa^'g- 
 ts!ayaig- : 
 
 -ts!aya-g- : -ts!ai-g- 
 al- 
 al-ts!aya^-p'- : -ts!ai- 
 
 P'- 
 i-ts!aya°'-p'- 
 
 ts"!aya-m- : ts'ai-m-, 
 ts'!ay[a]-m- 
 ts' layai-m- : ts' laimi- 
 gel-ts' !aya-m-an-i 
 ts !eye-m-xa- 
 tslaya'^-p'- : ts!ai-p'- 
 
 III 
 13 a III 
 
 13 a II 
 
 13 a and 8 II 
 
 8 III 
 
 13 a {and 8) 
 IV r 
 
 8 I 
 
 12 I 
 
 13 a III 
 
 1 II 
 
 3 in 
 
 3I 
 
 9 III 
 III 
 
 2 III 
 2 II 
 
 2 III 
 
 irr. Ill 
 
 2 I 
 2 II 
 
 follow along in (trail) 
 usit. 
 
 play hand guessing-game (re- 
 cipr.) 
 hand guessing-game is going 
 on 
 
 (birds) fly around without light- 
 ing 
 
 mash 
 iter. 
 
 (water) drops 
 (water) drips in house 
 
 step 
 
 chew 
 
 be sick 
 
 be alive yet, "stagger around ' 
 
 squeeze (somebody's) ears 
 
 run fast 
 
 shoot at, spear (salmon) 
 usit. 
 
 wash {tr.) 
 wash oneself 
 
 wash one's hands 
 hide {tr.) 
 
 usit. 
 
 hide (fact) from 
 hide (without obj.) 
 hide {intr.) 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 231 
 
 tsMele-m- : ts'!el[a]-m- 2 I 
 i-ts" lelets' !al-(i-) : 3 a III 
 
 (-ts- lelts- !al-) 
 ts' !el nagai- 
 
 ts!elel-d,md- : se^l- 8 III 
 
 -tsMe^mx- : -ts"!emx[a]- i I 
 da^- 
 da*-ts" !e^mx-n[a]- : i III 
 
 -ts'!emx-n[a] 
 ts'le^max klemen- 
 
 -tsMibib- : -si'b- 8 III 
 
 de- 
 
 de-ts'!ibi-x- : -s'i'p-x- 8 II 
 de-ts'!ibits'!ap-x- : i3aaMii8II 
 (-s'i'p's'ap-) 
 
 rattle (intr.) 
 rattle {tr.) 
 
 make a rattling sound {intr.) 
 paint, write 
 
 hear big noise, din 
 make noise near by 
 
 make a noise 
 
 shut (doorway, hole in tree) 
 
 shut {intr.) 
 
 keep shutting {intr.) 
 
 ts' !ibin- : ts" !ip'n- 
 
 3111 
 
 make a speech to, address for- 
 mally 
 
 tsMinik!- : tsMink!- 
 
 3 in 
 
 pinch {tr.) 
 
 -ts'!ini'^-x-' : -ts'!in^-x- 
 
 311 
 
 
 de- 
 
 
 die, succumb 
 
 de-ts' linian-x- : 
 
 13 a irr. II 
 
 usit. 
 
 ts' lini'ts' !an-x- : ts' lin- 
 
 13 a II 
 
 get angry 
 
 ts !an- 
 
 
 
 -ts'!iwi-d-(i-) : ts'!iu-d- 
 
 2 III 
 
 
 xa-^i- 
 
 
 split {tr.) 
 
 xa^-p !ai- 
 
 
 split by throwing down on 
 
 i-ts'!iwi'ts'!a-w- : 
 
 13 a III 
 
 iter. 
 
 (-ts'!iuts'!aw-) 
 
 
 
 ts'!6M-i- : ts'loni- 
 
 6 III 
 
 touch, reach (point) as limit to 
 course 
 
 al-^- 
 
 
 touch against 
 
 ha-dak' 
 
 
 (tree) strikes against (sky) 
 
 -tslolol- : (-so"l-) 
 
 8 III 
 
 
 ha- 
 
 
 miss (one that is lost) 
 
 -ts' !omo"k !-i- : -ts' lomk !■ 
 
 -3 III 
 
 
 wa^-i- 
 
 
 squeeze together 
 
 -ts' !omo"^-k'wa- 
 
 
 squeeze one's (legs) together 
 
 ' Perhaps identical with preceding stem. 
 
233 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OP PA. MUSEUM^ VOL. II. 
 
 tsMus'um- : tsMus'm-, 
 
 3I 
 
 make a chirping sound (78, 
 
 ts' !us'[a]m- 
 
 
 note 2) 
 
 tsMus'um-dld- 
 
 3111 
 
 chirp to 
 
 -tsMugu- : 
 
 2 I 
 
 
 de- 
 
 
 be sharp 
 
 : al-ts- liilm-ik'^ (pass. 
 
 3111 
 
 having warts on his face 
 
 ptc.) 
 
 
 
 -ts-!ulu"-k!-i- :-ts-!ul-k!- 
 
 2 III 
 
 
 al-p!i'- 
 
 
 set fire to 
 
 al-p !i'-ts ■ luluts ■ !al-i- : 
 
 13 a III 
 
 iter. 
 
 -ts' bits' !al- 
 
 
 
 al-da- 
 
 
 catch fire (intr.; logical subj. 
 is grammatical obj.) 
 
 -ts'!uluk![w]-i- : 
 
 3in 
 
 
 (-ts-!ulk![w]-) 
 
 
 
 al-de- 
 
 
 suck 
 
 de-de- 
 
 
 kiss 
 
 ts'!umu*m-t'a-^ : s'u"m- 
 
 8 III 
 
 boil (tr.) 
 
 t'a- 
 
 
 
 tsMumutsMam-t'a : 
 
 13 a and 8 III 
 
 tisit. 
 
 (s'u"ms am-t'a-) 
 
 
 
 u"g[w]- : ug[w]- 
 
 I III 
 
 drink 
 
 ugu^ak'-na- : 
 
 13 b IV I 
 
 usit. 
 
 (uk![w]ak--) 
 
 
 
 u"g[w]-an-x- 
 
 I II 
 
 drink (without obj.) 
 
 wa^-u"g[w]-an-i- 
 
 
 drink (water) with 
 
 ■Qyu'^s'- : u'%'- 
 
 8 11 
 
 laugh 
 
 uyu'^s'-gwa- 
 
 8 III 
 
 laugh at 
 
 uyu4's- : (u'H's'-) 
 
 13 a II 
 
 keep on laughing 
 
 di-^uyuts'!-amd- : 
 
 3111 
 
 fool (/r.) 
 
 -uits" !- 
 
 
 
 wa*g- : waga- 
 
 sin 
 
 carry, bring, fetch 
 
 wa''g-aw-i-, indir. wa^g- 
 
 Sin 
 
 bring to, fetch for 
 
 as- : waga-w-i- 
 
 
 
 waga-ok'-na- : 
 
 IV I 
 
 bring {usit.) 
 
 dak'- 
 
 
 finish 
 
 he-'s- 
 
 
 buy 
 
 ' See also s'omo-d-. 
 
 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 233 
 
 he^^-wa^-wa*g-aw-i- 
 
 me'- 
 
 -wage-xa- : wa-xa- 
 
 2 I 
 
 ba"- 
 
 
 -wahei- : -wahei- 
 
 I I 
 
 bai- 
 
 
 wala^si, wala%i-r\a^ (T. L. 
 
 
 ,§ 70 end) 
 
 
 waya^n-, 3d per. wayd^ : 
 
 14 I 
 
 wai- 
 
 
 wayaulii : 
 
 13 a I 
 
 waya^-n-,waya^-n[ha]- : 
 
 : 2 III 
 
 wai-n-, wai-n[ha]- 
 
 
 p !ai-^-waya^-n-i- 
 
 2 III 
 
 gel-waya°'-n- 
 
 2 III 
 
 gel-waya°^-n-x-an- 
 
 2 I 
 
 w6^g-iau- : (w6^k!-) 6 I 
 
 wek !e-lh-iau- : 2 I 
 
 -wek'.al- : -wek'.al- i IV 3 
 
 al- 
 wek!al-k' nagai- 
 
 we^t'-g-i-, indir. we^-s- : s HI 
 wede-k'-i-, indir. 
 wede-s- 
 
 buy with 
 come with 
 
 cHmb up 
 
 urinate 
 indeed, really 
 
 sleep 
 
 usit. 
 
 put to sleep 
 
 cause to lie down 
 sleep with 
 
 sleep next to each other 
 {recipr.) 
 
 it drawns 
 frequ. 
 
 shine (intr.) 
 
 be of shiny appearance 
 
 take away from, deprive of 
 
 -wesgah-agw- : 
 ha-i- 
 
 III 
 
 spread apart one's legs 
 
 wi'- : wi- 
 
 wiyiwi'- : (wiVi'-) 
 xa*- 
 
 da^-p!iya wi-sa^ 
 
 I II 
 13 a II 
 
 go about, travel 
 iter. 
 go between, act as go-between 
 
 in feud 
 medicine-man, " alongside-of- 
 fire going about " 
 
 -wi'g-(i-) : -wi'k!- 
 de-^i- 
 
 6 III 
 
 spread out (mat) 
 
 wik!-ad-i'- : W?k'-d-i- 15 a and 16 II objects lie heaped about 
 -wili'k'-ap'- : wi'lk'-ap'- 3 H 
 
 s'm- 
 
 blow one's nose 
 
334 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 wiliw- : wilw-, wil[a]u- 
 
 3I 
 
 go, proceed, run 
 
 wiliw-dld- 
 
 3 in 
 
 go and show to 
 
 p!ai- 
 
 
 walk down (mountain) 
 
 3!ai-di^- 
 
 
 camp 
 
 Dai- 
 
 
 (star) comes up 
 
 de- 
 
 
 shout (in order to find out) 
 
 de-wiliw-dld- 
 
 3111 
 
 fight with, "go for" 
 
 gel- 
 
 
 walk about with strutting 
 breast 
 
 p!ai-wa^-wili'-gw : 
 
 3111 
 
 come down with, in 
 
 ba°'-wa^-wili'-gw- : 
 
 3111 
 
 travel up along (river) 
 
 he^^--wiH'-gw- : 
 
 3111 
 
 wish one to die 
 
 wits' !im- : wism[a]- 
 
 3*1 
 
 move (intr.) 
 
 wits'!ism[a] : 
 
 I I 
 
 keep moving 
 
 wits' !esm[a]- 
 
 
 
 wiyig- : wi'g-, wiy[a]g- 
 
 3I 
 
 groan 
 
 -wiyik!- : -wi'k!- 
 
 3111 
 
 
 gwen- 
 
 
 put around neck 
 
 dak'-'"- 
 
 
 put around head 
 
 gwen-wi'^-xap' 
 
 
 neckerchief 
 
 wiyim-ad- : wi'm- 
 
 3111 
 
 exercise supernatural power 
 upon 
 
 wiyin- : (wi4i-) 
 
 3 III 
 
 help 
 
 wo"-ld- : woo- (without -Id 
 
 -) S III 
 
 go for, go to get 
 
 wo%"ha- : 
 
 III 
 
 usit. 
 
 wo"g- : wog- 
 
 I II irr. 
 
 arrive 
 
 wogowag-: (wok'wag- 
 
 .) 13 a I 
 
 frequ. 
 
 ba''- 
 
 
 (smoke) comes up (out of 
 house) 
 
 wulii[h]-am- : wii"l[h]- 
 
 2 I 
 
 have first mensrtaul courses 
 
 am- 
 
 
 
 -wulu"k!-(i-) :(-wu"lk!- 
 
 ) 3 III 
 
 
 al-«i- 
 
 
 run away from 
 
 wunu"n- : wu"n- 
 
 8 I 
 
 be, grow old 
 
 -xadaxat'-na- : -xa^t'- 
 
 13 a IV I 
 
 
 xat'- 
 
 
 
 ba''- 
 
 
 hang up in row 
 
 xalaxam- : xalxam- 
 
 13 a I 
 
 urinate 
 
-xal-i'- : (-xal-i-) 
 al- 
 
 E. SAPIR TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 I III 
 
 335 
 
 3 HI 
 6 II 
 12 III 
 
 -xanan- : (xanw-) 
 
 bai-^al- 
 -xd^- : (-xa*^x-) 
 
 s'in- 
 
 xda^da-gw- : (xda*-) 
 
 (-xdilfedal-i-) : -xdiP- 13 b III 
 xdal- 
 xa-^i- 
 
 xeben- : xe^b- 14 I 
 
 de- 14 III 
 
 xebe^y-agw- : xe^b- 3 I 
 
 xemel- : (xeml-) 
 
 -xi'g-(i-) : -xl'k!- 6 III 
 
 al- 
 
 -xik ! i-lh-i- : -xik ! [a]- 2 III 
 -xik!i-xa- : (-xi^-xa-) 2 I 
 
 -xiligw-(i-) : -xilgw- 3 III 
 
 ba-i- 
 
 -xilik!w-(i-) : (-xilklw-) 3 HI 
 
 bai-s'in- 
 
 xili"^-xwa- : (xiP-xwa-) 3 II 
 
 xili"^-x[w]-an- 3 I 
 
 -xini'xan-p'- : (-xihixan- 13 a II 
 
 P'-) 
 s'in- 
 
 -xiu- : -xiwi- 
 
 hawax- 
 
 -xi'w-an- 
 
 -xi'-gw- : -xiwi- 
 
 -xleden[h]-agw- : 
 
 -xled[a]n[h]- 
 
 1- 
 -xlep!exlab-(i ) : 
 (-xle^p'xlab ) 
 
 al-^i- 
 
 Sl 
 sHI 
 
 Sin 
 3 in 
 
 13 a III 
 
 sit (pi.) (forms are tr. with 
 constant 3d per obj.) 
 
 look out (pi.) (3d per. obj.) 
 
 be tickled in one's nose 
 throw soft, nasty object 
 
 notch in several places 
 
 do (intr.), do so 
 say (intr.), say so 
 slay, destroy, hurt 
 
 desire to eat 
 
 see 
 
 usit. 
 
 look around 
 
 snatch up 
 
 blow one's nose 
 play woman's shinny-game 
 recipr. 
 
 sniffle, hawk 
 
 rot 
 
 make rot 
 rot with 
 
 carry in flat basket-tray 
 
 knead (dough-like mass) into 
 roundish cake 
 
336 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM^ VOL. II. 
 
 : ba-xne*t'-6k"' {pass. 6 III roasted by fire 
 
 ptc.) 
 
 -x6M-:x6"t!- 6 III 
 
 ba"--«!-x6"d-i- 
 
 ba*- 
 
 bai-^-x6"d-(i-) 
 
 bai- 
 
 di^-x6"-s- : -x6"«-s- 
 
 di^-x6"-s- n[a]- 
 
 -xodoxad- : -xot'xad- 
 bai- 
 
 -xog[w]-i'- : (-xog[w]-i-) 
 s'al- 
 
 ba*-s'al-xoxag-i- : 
 -xo^g- 
 
 -x6"g i- : -x6"k!- 
 di'-hin(^x)- 
 
 xo"m-an- :|xom- 
 
 (xomoxam-an-) : xom- 
 xam- 
 
 -xoxog[w]- : 
 gwen- 
 wa-, da-xoxog [w]-i- 
 
 -xoyoxay-(i-) : -xoixay- 
 da- 
 
 6 II 
 
 6 III 
 13 a III 
 
 I III 
 
 12 III 
 6 III 
 I III 
 
 12 irr. Ill 
 
 13 a III 
 
 sal- 
 i- 
 
 xudum- : xut'm-, 3 I 
 
 xud[a]m- 
 xudum-i-ld- 3 III 
 
 -xulup!-an- : (-xulp!-) 3 ^ 
 han- 
 
 blow off (acorns from tree 
 sup ernatur ally 
 
 beat in game 
 
 pull out forcibly (from inside) 
 
 wrench away 
 
 have hole at posterior extrem- 
 ity allowing things to spill 
 (food from anus, acorns 
 from hopper) 
 
 spill (acorns) (tr.) 
 
 take off (skirt) 
 
 stand (pi.) (forms are tr. with 
 constant 3d per. obj.) 
 
 stand up, come to a stand (pi.) 
 (3d per. obj.) 
 
 scare 
 
 dry (food) 
 jrequ. 
 
 string (salmon) 
 
 string (salmon) with (stick) 
 
 scare around by pursuing 
 
 with open mouth 
 scare away by jumping around 
 throw around in all directions 
 
 whistle 
 whistle to 
 
 shoot (object) through 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 237 
 
 xumu-g-^ : xum[a]-g- 2 I 
 
 be satiated, satisfied after eat- 
 ing 
 
 xumu*^-gw- 
 
 2 III 
 
 have enough of, be sated with 
 
 yadad- : ya^d- 
 
 8 I 
 
 swim 
 
 han- 
 
 
 swim across (stream) 
 
 yadad-dld- 
 
 
 swim for 
 
 yala- : (yal-) 
 
 2 III 
 
 lose 
 
 gel-yala-n- : -yal-n- 
 
 I I 
 
 be lost, forget oneself 
 
 yala-1-an- : yal-n-an- 
 
 2 III 
 
 lose, cause to be lost 
 
 yala^'-x-ald- : ya4- 
 
 2 III 
 
 lose 
 
 gel-yala^-x-ald-i- : -yal 
 
 - 2 III 
 
 forget (person) 
 
 gel-yala^-x-alt'-gwi- : 
 
 2 II 
 
 forget oneself 
 
 -ya4- 
 
 
 
 yalag- : yalg-, yal[a]g- 
 
 3I 
 
 dive 
 
 yalag-dmd- 
 
 3 III 
 
 dive for 
 
 yamad- : yamd-, yam[a]d- 
 
 -3111 
 
 ask {tr.) 
 
 yamad-amd- 
 
 
 go and ask of 
 
 yama^-s- : (yam^-s-) 
 
 311 
 
 taste good 
 
 yaml-i'- : 
 
 IS all 
 
 look pretty- 
 
 ya*n-, 3d per. yd^ : yana- 
 
 Si 
 
 go (without expressed goal of 
 motion) 
 
 ya^n-an-, ya-n[ha]- : 
 
 SlII 
 
 cause to go 
 
 yana^-n- 
 
 
 
 ya*n-gw- 
 
 sni 
 
 take along 
 
 ba*-ya*n-gw- 
 
 sin 
 
 pick up 
 
 dak'-ya*n-gw- 
 
 sin 
 
 pass (house) 
 
 wa-ya^n-gw- 
 
 siii 
 
 follow 
 
 wa-yanain-agw- : 
 
 13 c III 
 
 follow {visit.) 
 
 hawi-ya^n- 
 
 
 dance in front 
 
 yaway- : yawi- 
 
 II I 
 
 talk (with each other) 
 
 yaway-agw- : yawiy- 
 
 II III 
 
 talk about 
 
 agw- 
 
 
 
 yiwiyaw- : yiw[i]yaw- 
 
 13 a I 
 
 talk (by oneself), make a 
 sound (of animal) 
 
 -yebeb-(i-), indir. -s- : 
 
 8 III 
 
 
 -ye^b- 
 
 
 
 al- 
 
 
 show to 
 
 da^-he^- 
 
 
 sing for 
 
 ' Cf . noun xumd, "food." 
 
238 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 : -ye"g-aw-(i-) 
 
 III 
 
 
 bai-^- 
 
 
 drive (sickness) out of 
 
 bai-de- 
 
 
 drive (sickness) away from 
 
 yegwegw- : ye^gw- 
 
 8 III 
 
 bite 
 
 yegweyagw- : ye^k'""- 
 
 
 frequ. 
 
 yagw- 
 
 
 
 -yehfei- : -yehi'- 
 
 II III contr. 
 
 
 da"- 
 
 
 go where one hears there is 
 sound (of singing, playing) 
 
 yele*s-gwa- : yePs- 
 
 3I 
 
 sweat (intr.) 
 
 yele^s-gwa-n- 
 
 3 III 
 
 make to sweat 
 
 yePs-gwi-x (inf.) 
 
 
 sweat (noun) 
 
 yewei- : yfeu- 
 
 4 a I 
 
 go back (without expressed 
 goal of motion), return 
 
 yew^og- : 
 
 I irr. 
 
 frequ. 
 
 me^- 
 
 
 come back 
 
 dal- 
 
 
 run away 
 
 gwen- 
 
 
 go back (for something) 
 
 me^-yewey-agw- : ye*- 
 
 4 a III 
 
 come back with, fetch back 
 
 g^'- 
 
 
 
 bai-yewey-agw- 
 
 4 a III 
 
 take out (what has been put 
 
 in) 
 continue traveling 
 
 ba^-de-^yewey-agw- 
 
 4 a III 
 
 gede yewey-agw- 
 
 4 a III 
 
 get even with, revenge upon 
 
 p!ai-^wa-yewe*-n-(i-) : 
 
 2 III 
 
 descend other side of moun- 
 
 -ye''w-an- 
 
 
 tain after reaching top, 
 return to earth after touch- 
 ing sky 
 
 yewew-dld- : ye*w- 
 
 8 III 
 
 go back for, return to 
 
 yi'l-, indir. -s- : yil- 
 me^-min- 
 
 yilim- : yiltn- 
 yili'nm- : 
 
 yi'miy-, indir. -s- : yimi- 
 [h]i-, indir. -x- 
 
 yimis'-ald- : yims'- 
 yimis'-a- : yimsva- 
 yimi's'-a- : 
 
 I III copulate with 
 
 come and copulate with 
 
 3 III call for, upon 
 
 III iter. 
 
 I III lend to 
 
 3111 
 
 dream about 
 
 3I 
 
 dream (intr.) 
 
 I 
 
 be always dreaming 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 339 
 
 yi'w- : yiw- 
 yi'w-an- 
 de*- 
 
 I I 
 I III 
 
 de*-yihv-an- i III 
 
 yiwiyaw-^ (see yaway-) 
 
 yok![w]oy- : yok'y-, 3*111 know (ir.) 
 
 yok'y[a]- 
 
 yo"mi'-, indir. -s- : yomo- 1 1 and 5 III catch up with 
 di^-S'al-yo^mi'- : n and sill catch up with 
 
 -yomo-[h]i 
 
 play (musical instrument) 
 sound (intr.), give forth a 
 
 sound 
 cause to sound 
 
 dak - 
 
 
 catch up with 
 
 -yiiluyal-(i-) : -yulyal- 
 
 13 a III 
 
 
 al-^- 
 
 
 rub 
 
 yunob-dld- : (yunb-) 
 
 3 III 
 
 hold out net to catch (fish) 
 
 -yono"k!-(i-) : yonk!- 
 
 3 HI 
 
 
 i- 
 
 
 pull away from 
 
 bai-yxinuk!- 
 
 
 pull out forcibly 
 
 yonon- : yo"n- 
 
 8 III 
 
 sing (a song) (tr.) 
 
 h6^1-yunun-(i-) 
 
 
 sing a song 
 
 yonoin- 
 
 13 c III 
 
 usit. 
 
 -yunu^yan-(i-) : -yun^- 
 
 13 bill 
 
 
 yan- 
 
 
 
 hau-gwen- 
 
 
 swallow down greedily 
 
 -yut!i-[h]i- : 
 
 10 b (?) Ill 
 
 
 hau-gwen- 
 
 
 swallow down greedily (s 
 
 hau-gwen-yut!uyad- 13 a III 
 (i-)^ : -yu^t'yad- 
 
 yowo- : yo"-, yo- 2 I 
 
 al- 
 p!ai- 
 
 abai-di^- 
 
 ba^'-gel- 
 
 p!ai-di^- 
 
 obj.) 
 swallow down greedily 
 
 be 
 
 look 
 
 sit down (from standing posi- 
 tion) 
 go into house to fight 
 lie belly up 
 (sky) is set on (earth) 
 
 ' Perhaps better explained as derivative of yiiw- than of yaway-. 
 'Cf. preceding stem. 
 
240 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 da^- 
 
 
 listen, pay attention 
 
 hau- 
 
 
 sweat (in sweat-bath) 
 
 haV-T-yuwu-n[ha]- : 
 
 2 III 
 
 make to sweat (in sweat-bath) 
 
 yu- 
 
 
 
 bai-yowo-n- : yo- 
 
 2 III 
 
 miss (shot) 
 
 yowog[w]'- : yo"g[w]- 
 
 3 HI 
 
 marry (tr.) 
 
 yuwug [w]-am- : yu- 
 
 31" 
 
 be married 
 
 g[a]-m- 
 
 
 
 yuwug [w]-am-an- 
 
 3 III 
 
 give in marriage 
 
 yowo^s- : yo"^s- 
 
 3 11 
 
 start (when startled) 
 
 da- 
 
 
 suddenly stop talking, singing 
 
 s'in- 
 
 
 suddenly move nose (because 
 tickled) 
 
 sal- 
 
 
 suddenly lift foot (when 
 startled) 
 
 yowo"ts!-an-, vowo"^s- 
 
 3 HI 
 
 startle, cause to start 
 
 n[a]- : yo"ts! 
 : yu"g-, yo"g- 
 
 yo 
 
 uEc 
 
 3 (?)I 
 
 be strong 
 
 Nouns and Adjectives. 
 
 ais--(dfek') 
 aMk-s-i-(t'k') 
 
 ald,k-s'i-x-(da-gwa) 
 
 (my) property 
 (my) tail 
 
 (his own) tail 
 
 dlk' 
 
 silver-side salmon 
 
 bdk'ba" 
 balku 
 
 baUu-t'an 
 
 big woodpecker 
 young 
 pi. 
 
 bals 
 
 ba^'lds-if 
 
 long 
 pi. 
 
 bam-is 
 
 sky 
 
 banx 
 
 hunger 
 
 bap' 
 
 ba^b-i-(t'k') 
 baxdis 
 
 seeds (sp. ?) 
 (my) seeds 
 wolf 
 
 be 
 al-be° 
 
 sun, day 
 to sun 
 
 ' Perhaps best analyzed as yowo-gw-, " be with," comitative of yimio-. 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 241 
 
 beb&-n 
 
 rushes 
 
 bePp' 
 
 whistling swan 
 
 belp' 
 
 string of camass roots used as play- 
 
 
 thing by children 
 
 bels 
 
 moccasin 
 
 bels-i-(t'k') 
 
 (my) moccasin 
 
 bem 
 
 wood, stick, tree 
 
 bem-(t'ek') 
 
 (my) stick 
 
 be^vi 
 
 Chinook (?) salmon 
 
 beykn-(t'k') 
 
 (my) daughter 
 
 bik"' 
 
 skunk 
 
 bil-am 
 
 having nothing, unprovided 
 
 ha-bilkm 
 
 empty 
 
 ha-gwel-bilkm 
 
 empty underneath (like table) 
 
 bi'P 
 
 quiver 
 
 bi'l-(t'ek') 
 
 (my) quiver 
 
 bilg-an-x-(d^k') 
 
 (my) breast 
 
 blls 
 
 moss 
 
 de-bin 
 
 first, last 
 
 -bin- 
 
 
 (wili) hd,-bin-i 
 
 in middle of (house) 
 
 ha-be-bin-i 
 
 noon 
 
 xa-bin-wini 
 
 half full 
 
 al-bini-x 
 
 bereft of child, widow, widower 
 
 biu 
 
 grasshopper 
 
 bixkl 
 
 moon 
 
 de-bixim-sa {adv.) 
 
 spring 
 
 bo" 
 
 goal in shinny-game 
 
 bob5p' 
 
 screech-owl 
 
 bdik' 
 
 "big chipmunk with yellow breast' 
 
 bok'd-an 
 
 neck 
 
 b6k'd-an-x-(dek') 
 
 (my) neck 
 
 gwen-t'ga^'-bok 'dan-da 
 
 " at- nape-of-earth- its-neck, " east 
 
 bom-xi 
 
 otter 
 
 b6"n 
 
 basket acorn-hopper 
 
 b6p' 
 
 alder bush 
 
 xa*-bob-in 
 
 among alder bushes 
 
242 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM^ VOL. II. 
 
 b6t'ba^ 
 
 bo"t'bad-i-(t'k') 
 
 b6"t'baMa'p'a-k!-an 
 -bo^w- 
 
 diS-bo"w-i-(d6) 
 b6xd-an 
 bdxuma^^ 
 de-bu'"^ -bu'"S-x 
 
 de-bii'^^jk-x, -bu'"%'bk-x 
 bu"b-kn 
 
 bu"b-an-i-(t'k') 
 
 bu"b-an-i-x-(da-gwa) 
 bus- 
 bus" {upper Tak.) 
 da- 
 dd-k!oloi 
 
 da-k!ol6i-da-x-(dfek') 
 da^- 
 
 da''-n-x-(dfek') 
 da-'a'nau, -^and*, -^dna^k"' 
 
 da-«^na"k"'-(dek') 
 dag-kn 
 dd.^iwadagalki 
 dak'- 
 
 dd,g-ax-(dek') 
 
 dak'-(de) 
 Di-dal-am^ 
 daldkP 
 dar-t' 
 
 dal-di 
 dataada-gw-an-x- (dfek ' ) 
 dkn 
 
 dan-k-t'k' 
 
 Dal-dan-i-k' 
 
 Al-dan-k!ol6i-da 
 
 orphan 
 
 (my) orphan child 
 orphan children 
 
 alongside of (me), (my) wife 
 salt mud 
 mud 
 full 
 
 pi. 
 arm, string of dentalia from shoulder 
 to wrist 
 
 (my) arm 
 
 (his own) arm 
 all gone, annihilated, used up 
 
 fly 
 
 see de- 
 cheek (? = mouth-basket) 
 
 (my) cheek 
 ear 
 
 (my) ear 
 chief 
 
 (my) chief 
 turtle 
 
 " water-dog, ' ' water-salamander ( ?) 
 head 
 
 (my) head 
 
 over (me) 
 (village name) 
 dragon fly 
 low brush 
 
 wild 
 (my) shoulder 
 rock 
 
 (my) rock 
 
 " Away-from-which-are-rocks " (vil- 
 lage name) 
 " To - its - rock - basket ' ' (mountain 
 
 name) 
 
 ' Cf. verb HalaU. 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 343 
 
 daxLji.^ 
 
 
 medicine-man's guardian spirit 
 
 dauyd''-k'^-(d^k') 
 
 
 my guardian spirit 
 
 Al-dauy6''-k"'a-dis 
 
 
 (mountain name) 
 
 dayti-fa"' 
 
 
 eldest 
 
 de"-, da- 
 
 
 lips, mouth 
 
 de«-x-(d6k') 
 
 
 (my) mouth 
 
 ha-dd-(t'-gwa) 
 
 
 in (his own) mouth 
 
 degks 
 
 
 basket pan for sifting acorn meal 
 
 deges-i-(t'k') 
 
 
 (my) basket pan 
 
 dehal 
 
 
 five 
 
 del 
 
 
 yellow- jacket 
 
 delg-kn 
 
 
 buttocks, basket bottom 
 
 delg-an- (t'k') , delg-an-x- (dfek') (my) buttocks 
 
 di«- 
 
 
 anus 
 
 ha-di'-(t'-gwa) 
 
 
 in back of (himself) 
 
 di'-«kl-(t'k'), di'-«al-da-x- 
 
 -(dek') 
 
 (my) forehead 
 
 al-dil, -di 
 
 
 all 
 
 d?m5 
 
 
 hips 
 
 d?mo-x-(dfek') 
 
 
 (my) hips 
 
 din-(de) 
 
 
 behind (me) 
 
 dip' 
 
 
 camass 
 
 diu 
 
 
 falls 
 
 dug[w]kl 
 
 
 rope 
 
 dugul-i-(t'k') 
 
 
 (my) rope 
 
 dugdm 
 
 
 baby 
 
 do'^k' 
 
 
 log, tree trunk 
 
 dolk 
 
 
 hollow tree 
 
 dolkx 
 
 
 things, utensils 
 
 d61k'-am-a-(t'kO, d61k' 
 
 -im-i- 
 
 (my) anus 
 
 (t'kO, d61k'-in-i-(t'k') 
 
 
 do"m 
 
 
 spider 
 
 do-to 
 
 
 testicles 
 
 do"m-kl-(t'k') 
 
 
 (my) testicles 
 
 domxku 
 
 
 "big crooked-nosed salmon" 
 
 duyiim 
 
 
 cat-tail rushes 
 
 dG 
 
 
 good, beautiful 
 
 'Perhaps = da-yii-i'ac, " being in front.'' 
 
244 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 p ! i'-diigum 
 
 big fire, blaze 
 
 duk'^i 
 
 woman's shirt 
 
 dti"g[w]-i-(t'k') 
 
 (my) shirt 
 
 dul 
 
 salmon-spear point 
 
 du"l-i-(t'k') 
 
 (my) spear point 
 
 de-dul-kpx 
 
 straight 
 
 de-dul-dpx-da^ 
 
 right (hand, foot) 
 
 dak'-du'"?s 
 
 big-headed 
 
 ei 
 
 canoe 
 
 ei-x-(dfek'), ey-k-(t'k') 
 
 (mv) canoe 
 
 ei-han 
 
 pi 
 
 el-k-(t'k') 
 
 (my) tongue 
 
 g^klan 
 
 house ladder 
 
 g^P 
 
 bow; gun 
 
 g^l-(t'ek') 
 
 (my) bow 
 
 ga'^m, ga'p!-ini 
 
 two 
 
 gamd.x-di 
 
 raw; having no supernatural power 
 
 gamd-i-(xa) 
 
 (his) paternal grandparent, (his) son's 
 
 
 child 
 
 gamgd.m'' 
 
 four 
 
 gel- 
 
 breast 
 
 gel-(d6) 
 
 in front of (me) 
 
 gel-km 
 
 river 
 
 Da^gelkm 
 
 "Along the river," Rogue river 
 
 gelgkP 
 
 fabulous serpent who squeezes people 
 
 
 to death 
 
 gelg-an-^ 
 
 
 di'-gelgan-(d6) 
 
 at (my) anus 
 
 g6^V 
 
 white overlay in basketr\- {xcrophyl- 
 
 
 lum tenax) 
 
 -ge'w[a]^ x ^ 
 
 crooked 
 
 -g6we^%'-it' 
 
 pi. 
 
 i-g6wa^-x 
 
 crooked-handed 
 
 xa^-gewa^-x 
 
 crooked-backed 
 
 ' Cf. verb -t/ugui-. 
 
 
 2 See gd^m. 
 
 
 ' Cf. verb -geleg-. 
 
 
 * Perhaps misheard for delg-aii-. 
 
 
 ' Cf . verb -geweklaw . 
 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 245 
 
 gixgap' 
 
 poison, medicine 
 
 g6"k'-(dek') 
 
 (my) knee 
 
 gui 
 
 thick brush 
 
 gums 
 
 blind 
 
 gol5-m 
 
 oak with white acorns 
 
 xa*-gulm-an 
 
 among oaks 
 
 gonihkk"" 
 
 rabbit 
 
 gungun 
 
 otter (myth name) 
 
 g6s- 
 
 "big rainbow-colored shell" (clam 
 
 
 shell ?) 
 
 goy6 
 
 medicine-man 
 
 gtix-(dek') 
 
 (my) wife 
 
 Ha-gwal 
 
 Cow creek 
 
 gwalk 
 
 many 
 
 gwal't' 
 
 wind 
 
 gwan 
 
 gwa^l-km-(t'k') 
 
 trail 
 
 (my) trail 
 
 gwds' will 
 
 brush house 
 
 gwas 
 
 gwa^s'-i-x-(dek'), gwa^ 
 (t'k') 
 
 entrails 
 S'-i- (my) entrails 
 
 -gwdsi^ 
 
 al-gwasi, -gwdsi-t' 
 xa^'-sal-gwasi 
 
 yellow 
 
 "yellow between his claws" (myth 
 
 
 name of sparrow-hawk) 
 
 gwel- 
 
 gwel-x-(dek') 
 gwel-(da) 
 
 leg 
 
 (my) leg 
 under it 
 
 gwen- 
 
 gwen-hau-(de) 
 gwen-hau-x- (dfek ' ) 
 
 neck, nape of neck 
 in back of (my) neck 
 (my) nape 
 
 gwi^nei-x- (dek ' ) 
 gwi^ei 
 
 (my) relative 
 
 (her) thing (?) (io8, 3) 
 
 gwisgwas 
 
 Gwisgwas-han 
 
 chipmunk 
 
 (woman's name) 
 
 gwit^-iu-x-(dek'), gwit!i-n- 
 
 -(t'k') (my) wrist 
 
 '■ Cf . yan-gwas. 
 
 
246 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM^ VOL. II. 
 
 hal 
 
 haik !-a 
 
 -ham 
 
 ha'^-x-(dfek') 
 
 hkn-t' 
 
 ha^p'- 
 hap-xi 
 
 ha^p'-CdMi') ^ 
 ha=^-x-(dfek') 
 ha'p'-di, hap-s-di 
 ha^p'-klemnd^s 
 
 hds-(a) 
 
 (wi-)has-i 
 hd,sd-(a) 
 liau- 
 
 haw-an-(d6) 
 -hau-' 
 
 di^-liau-(de) 
 
 hau-x 
 
 ha<i-x-(dek') 
 
 dak-hawaldk'-i-(t'k') 
 
 hawkx^ 
 
 ha'^ya-(de) 
 
 h6n-(t'ek') 
 he^l-km 
 
 henam-k-(t'k') 
 -hin 
 hin^x' 
 hi'p'-al 
 hit' 
 hix 
 
 cloud 
 
 goose 
 
 husband! wife! (voc.) 
 
 see ma- 
 
 (my) brothers 
 
 half 
 
 small, child 
 
 child 
 
 (my) child 
 
 (my) children 
 
 small 
 children maker ' ' (name of creator) 
 (his) mother's brother 
 
 (my) mother's brother 
 (his) sister's husband, wife's brother 
 under 
 
 under (me) 
 
 behind (me), after (I) left 
 
 woman's private parts 
 (my) private parts 
 
 (my) crown of head 
 
 rottenness, pus, foul odor 
 
 around (me) 
 
 song 
 
 (my) song 
 board, lumber, 
 
 (my) lumber 
 see ni- 
 fear 
 flat 
 
 out of wind, nearly dead 
 roasted camass 
 
 ' See also gwen-hau-. Perhaps identical with preceding. 
 
 ' See verbs -xiu- and -do^s-. 
 
 'Cf. verb helel-. 
 
 'See verbs niiw- and da-ts'!aam-x. 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 247 
 
 -h6k'w-al, -hogw-kl holed 
 
 da-h6k'wal holed (as for smoke) 
 
 han-h6k'wal holed through 
 
 gwel-h6k'wal holed underground, caved 
 
 da*-h6k'wal ear-holed 
 
 s'in-h6k'wal nose-holed 
 
 xo-h6k'wal holed (fir) 
 
 h6^px lake 
 
 hofl jack-rabbit 
 
 ll6s'au somewhat bigger, growing up 
 
 hos'6" pi. 
 
 hulk' panther 
 
 hulU-n ocean, sea 
 
 S'in-hii's'g-al long-nosed 
 
 hu"S'li" chicken-hawk 
 
 1- hand 
 
 l-U-X-(dfek') (my) hand 
 
 Jtjil^ blood money for settlement of feud 
 
 i"lts!-ak'^ bad 
 
 il^^ls-ak'^ pi. 
 
 k'abd-(xa) (his) son 
 
 k'ai^-la'p'a woman 
 
 k'ai^la'p'a-k!-i-(t'k') (my) woman 
 
 k'e'^lfe'p'a-k!-i-k'^ woman-having 
 
 k'ai^-S'6k'-da young woman (who has already had 
 
 courses) 
 
 k'kl penis 
 
 k'alw-i-(t'k') (my) penis 
 
 k'd^px dust, ashes 
 
 k'6^X tar- weed seeds 
 
 k'u"b-i-(t'k') (my) body-hair, skin 
 
 k'ulti-in "fish having turned-up hog-mouth," 
 
 sucker ( ?) 
 
 k'wedel-(t'k') (my) name 
 
 k'wmax-(de) (my) kinsman, relative 
 k'u'"nax kinsman (myth form) 
 
 s 'in-k ' w6k Iwd"' mudcat 
 
 k'.abks porcupine quills used in embroidery 
 
248 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 di^-k'.kls' lean in rump 
 
 k !dPs sinew 
 
 k!alts!-i-(t'k') (my) sinew 
 
 k !d,ma tongs, split stick for putting hot rocks 
 
 into basket-bucket 
 
 k!amk-(t'k'),k!^mak!a-(t'k') (my) tongs 
 
 k!d.nak!as small basket-cup for drinking 
 
 k!ds-(a) (his) maternal grandparent, daugh- 
 ter's child 
 
 (wi-)k!as-i (n^y) maternal grandparent. 
 
 k!a^t' "thick, low, blue-looking bushes" 
 
 k!6^p-(xa) (her) husband's parent 
 
 k !eda grass from which string was made 
 
 yal k!egeld,u-s"i-x-da* pine-fungus (?) 
 
 k \eV ' basket-bucket 
 
 k!elw-i-(t'k') (niy) basket -bucket 
 
 k !elei bark 
 
 k!elei-(t'k') (my) bark 
 
 klele^s bird (sp. ?) 
 
 k liyl'x smoke 
 
 al-k !iyfx-nkt "smoke-looking," blue 
 
 -k!ok!6k' . ugly 
 
 al-k !ok !6k' ugly-faced 
 
 i-k !ok !6k' ugly-handed 
 
 klolol' small basket 
 
 k !oPxi salmon-head 
 
 k !uls worm 
 
 k !uls[k]-t' soft (to eat) 
 
 k !umoi swamp 
 
 k !o"xa- relatives by marriage of their children 
 
 (■wi-)k!o"xk (my) relative 
 
 k!o"xd,-m-(xa) (his) relative 
 
 klu'yani* friend {voc.) 
 
 (wi-)k!u"ykp', -klu^ykm (my) friend 
 
 k!uyab-d-(^t') (your) friend 
 
 k!u"yd,p-(xa) (his) friend 
 
 'Cf. verb di^-k/alas-na-. ' See also da-k/oloi. 
 
 'Ci. verb k.'clcii-. *Cf. verb k/nviim-id-. 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 249 
 
 klwai 
 
 grass 
 
 klwaP 
 
 pitch 
 
 k!wdl-t'a* 
 
 youngest (of two or more) 
 
 Ik' 
 
 excrement 
 
 la-(t'k') 
 
 (my) excrement 
 
 Lamhi-k' 
 
 Klamath river 
 
 lamts!-i-(xa) 
 
 (her) brother's wife 
 
 Ikmx 
 
 sunflower seeds 
 
 Ian 
 
 fishing-net 
 
 la^p' 
 
 leaves 
 
 -la'p'a 
 
 person (found only as second member 
 
 
 of compounds) 
 
 -la'p'a-k!-an 
 
 pi 
 
 -la'p'a-k!-i-(t'k') 
 
 (my) person 
 
 lap'a-m 
 
 frog 
 
 lap '6" 
 
 "red-striped snake" 
 
 Ikp-s 
 
 blanket 
 
 laps-(dfek') 
 
 (my) blanket 
 
 lasgum 
 
 little snake 
 
 lasgum iuxgwkt' 
 
 "handed snake," lizard 
 
 lege-m-(t'k') 
 
 (my) kidneys 
 
 M-k'w-an-(t'k') 
 
 (my) anus 
 
 lep'ni-xa (adv.) 
 
 winter 
 
 le^p-si 
 
 feather 
 
 lep !es 
 
 cat- tail rushes, mat 
 
 libi-n 
 
 news 
 
 libis 
 
 crawfish 
 
 liu-gw-ax-(dek') ' 
 
 (my) face 
 
 16m 
 
 cedar 
 
 DiMo"m-i 
 
 "West of which are cedars" (vil- 
 
 
 lage name) 
 
 lom-t!i' 
 
 old man 
 
 lox6-m 
 
 manzanita 
 
 lu"l-i-x-(dek'), lu"l-i-(t'k') 
 
 (my) throat 
 
 ma-(xa) 
 
 (his) father 
 
 (wi-)ham 
 
 (my) father 
 
 me-xa-k'"" 
 
 having father 
 
 ' Cf . verb liwilau- . 
 
 
250 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 mahki, mahki-t' 
 mahml 
 xa^-mahki 
 mahdi-t'a* 
 
 
 big 
 pi. 
 
 big-backed, wide 
 eldest (of two or more) 
 
 mal 
 
 man-i-Ct'k') 
 
 
 salmon-spear shaft 
 (my) shaft 
 
 manx 
 
 
 white paint 
 
 mdp !a-gw-a-(t'k') 
 md'Mi'al 
 
 
 (my) shoulder-blade 
 pigeon 
 
 mdxla 
 
 
 dust, ashes 
 
 may^^-k"'-(dfek') 
 k!elmehel-i' 
 
 
 orphan child related to (me\ 
 basket for cooking 
 
 mel 
 
 
 crow 
 
 melfel-x' 
 
 
 burnt-down field 
 
 m6na 
 
 
 bear, brown bear 
 
 mengi' 
 
 mengi-(t'k') 
 
 
 full of, covered with 
 
 (my) game, what (I) come home 
 provided with 
 
 mex 
 
 
 crane 
 
 mi'^ax 
 
 
 red paint 
 
 min-' 
 
 
 vagina (?) 
 
 mi'^s 
 
 
 one 
 
 mi'^s-ga^ 
 
 al-ml'«s 
 
 ha-^i-mi^s 
 
 ha-^i-ga'^m 
 
 ha-^i-xin 
 
 ha-n-gb 
 
 
 one 
 
 together 
 
 six 
 
 seven 
 
 eight 
 
 nine 
 
 mix-al 
 mix^l-ha 
 
 
 how many, as many a 
 in great numbers 
 
 m6k' 
 
 
 pit, ditch 
 
 molog61 
 
 mologo-la'p'a 
 
 k'ai mologo-la'p'a-x-(da) 
 
 old woman 
 old woman 
 what kind of old woman 
 
 da»-molh-it' 
 
 
 red-eared 
 
 ' Cf. verb melel-. 
 'See verb yiH-. 
 
 
 
E. SAPIR TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 251 
 
 mdinhi 
 mot' 
 
 m6"-(t'ek') 
 mot!6p' 
 m5x 
 mox6 
 
 mu"l-i-(t'k') 
 inu**8x-dkn^ 
 nanb-i-(xa) 
 nax 
 
 nax-(dek') 
 ni-(xa) 
 
 (wi-)liin 
 
 ni-xa-k"' 
 ni 
 
 ni-(t'k') 
 nihwik'^ 
 
 no'ts!-a-(d6) 
 nox 
 6p-(xa) 
 
 (wi-)^ob-i 
 
 t'-6p-(xa) 
 oh6p' 
 -ol- 
 
 da-%1 
 
 da-^ol-(dS) 
 
 da-Sol-di-(d6) 
 
 os'oMa'p'a 
 p'abd^p' 
 
 p'a'«t'p'ad-i-(t'k') 
 p'im 
 
 p'im-k-(t'k') 
 s'in-p'in^, -p'iFs 
 
 mourning dove 
 son-in-law, suitor 
 
 (my) son-in-law- 
 stick: for beating seeds into receptacle 
 grouse 
 buzzard 
 sweat-house 
 (my) lungs 
 once 
 
 (his) brother's wife, wife's sister 
 pipe 
 
 (my) pipe 
 
 (his) mother 
 
 (my) mother 
 
 having mother 
 teats, nipples 
 
 (my) nipples 
 black bear 
 next door 
 
 neighboring to (me) 
 rain 
 (his) elder brother 
 
 (my) elder brother 
 
 (his) elder sister 
 "bean-like half-black shells" 
 
 near by 
 
 near (me) 
 
 near, close to (me) 
 poor people 
 manzanita flour 
 (mj--) salmon-liver 
 salmon 
 
 (my) salmon 
 fiat-nosed 
 
 ' Perhaps related to 
 k'u"nax. 
 
 mii^s. For m" and ii in related words cf. k'winax- and 
 
252 
 
 ANTHHOPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 -p'6a^-x* 
 -p'6o^k'-it' 
 da-p'6a^x 
 i-p'6a^x 
 gwit-p'6a^x 
 
 bent 
 pl. 
 
 crooked 
 
 crooked-handed 
 crooked -armed 
 
 p'iin 
 
 p'un-yilt' 
 Gwen-p'un-k' 
 
 rotten 
 
 Oregon pheasant 
 
 "East of rotten (trees)" (village 
 
 
 name) 
 
 p'o'ykmx 
 
 whirlwind 
 
 da-p!a'lau^ 
 plan 
 
 p!an-(t'k') 
 pld-'s 
 
 youth 
 liver 
 
 (my) liver 
 snow 
 
 pie"? 
 pleldk 
 
 basket-plate 
 slug 
 
 plfens 
 
 squirrel's bushy tail for eating man- 
 zanita 
 
 pie's 
 
 p!i 
 
 p!iy-k-(t'k') 
 
 p li'waPs 
 
 rock serving as support for acom- 
 
 hopper 
 fire, firewood 
 (mj') fire 
 
 bat 
 
 p !iyi-n 
 
 p !iy-ax 
 p!or 
 
 Di-p!ol-ts!il-da 
 
 deer 
 
 fawn 
 dust, soil 
 
 "On its red soil," Jump-off- Joe 
 creek 
 
 p lu^lhi 
 p !ox6m 
 
 eyrie 
 flint 
 
 sa-(t'k') 
 s'ag-klx 
 
 s'al-s'agdlx-a 
 skk- 
 
 (my) discharge of wind 
 cascades, rapids 
 
 shallow (below cascades ?) 
 big rush basket 
 
 s'al- 
 
 s-al-x-(dfek') 
 
 foot 
 
 (my) foot 
 
 ' Cf. verb p'owok!-. 
 'Ci. baliiu. 
 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 253 
 
 san-i-(t'k') 
 
 t'gam sa*l-i' 
 Dal-salsan 
 sdma 
 
 sam^-xa (adv.) 
 Al-sawen-t'a-dis 
 sbexal-t'a 
 sbin 
 
 Sbin-k' 
 sen^ 
 s-elek"^ 
 s'em 
 se^ndi 
 sen-(t'k') 
 sens 
 
 se"ns-i-x-(dek'), se"ns-i-(t'k') ' 
 se^an 
 
 da-sg^xi, -sgaxi-t' 
 al-sgenh-it' 
 de^-sgfe-t' 
 
 de-sge-t'a°' 
 
 sg6^^-xap' 
 
 sge=^-xab-a-(t'k') 
 
 sgisi 
 da-sguli 
 de-sgwegwek' 
 sgwini 
 
 de-sgw6gw-en-t', -sgw6gw-6^k' 
 
 -sgwegwh-t' 
 sgw6gw6^k"^ 
 will sidib-i^ 
 
 s'lm 
 
 (my) belt 
 
 belt of elk skin 
 (village name) 
 summer 
 
 in summer 
 (mountain name) 
 (epithet of young Eagle) 
 beaver 
 
 Applegate creek 
 black paint, writing 
 long acorn-pestle of stone 
 duck 
 
 panther (myth name) 
 (my) hair 
 bug (sp. ?)2 
 (my) head-hair 
 
 inner bark of cedar used as tinder 
 sharp-mouthed, long-snouted 
 black (as epithet of crow) 
 left-handed 
 
 left (hand) 
 hat 
 
 (my) hat 
 
 coyote 
 short 
 
 see de-sgw6gw-fent' 
 raccoon 
 , worn out, half gone 
 
 robin 
 
 house wall (planks reaching from 
 cross beams to ground and form- 
 ing inner wall of house) 
 
 animal (sp. ?) 
 
 ' Cf. verb ts'/elel-. 
 
 ' Used for headache by putting next to nostrils to let out blood by scratching. 
 
 ' Cf. seen-. 
 
254 
 
 ANTHKOPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM, VOL. II. 
 
 s'imi-l 
 s'in- 
 
 s-in-i'-x-(dfek') 
 
 p'im s'inixda 
 sin 
 si'nskn 
 siw-i-(xa) 
 
 s'ix 
 s'iyd*^p-(xa) 
 
 smak' 
 sm61a"^x 
 ha-s'o" 
 -s'ogw- 
 
 xa^'-s 'ogw-i- (ddm) 
 
 s'ugw-kn 
 
 s'ugw-kn-(t'k'), s'ugu-n-i- 
 (t'k') 
 s'om 
 
 s-o"m-kl-(t'k') 
 
 S-omol-k' 
 
 s'om-loh61xa^s 
 s'ufis' 
 s-uhti" 
 s-tilflk' 
 
 s'lim-xi* 
 
 s-uin-xi-(t'k') 
 s'-Qx 
 swayku 
 t'dd-(a) 
 
 (wi-)t'ad-i 
 fan 
 
 Da-t'an-eld"t'gwat' 
 t'a-wa-(xa) 
 t'bkl 
 
 dew 
 nose 
 
 (my) nose 
 
 "salmon its-nose," swallow 
 wood-coals 
 
 very old decrepit woman 
 (his) sister's child, (his) brother's 
 
 child 
 venison 
 
 (her) sister's husband, husband's 
 
 brother 
 twins 
 
 arrow shaft 
 in middle (of house) 
 
 between (us) 
 
 basket made of roots 
 (my) basket 
 
 mountain 
 
 (my) mountain 
 
 (village name) 
 
 see verb lohoy-ald- 
 thick, deep 
 quail 
 cricket 
 
 paddle, mush stirrer 
 
 (my) paddle 
 bird 
 
 hermaphrodite 
 (his) father's sister 
 
 (my) father's sister 
 squirrel 
 
 " Squirrel-tongued " (girl's name) 
 see wa-(xa) 
 brush used for medical purposes (sp. ?) 
 
 ' Cf. verb is'!umu"-in-t'a- 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 355 
 
 t'balt' 
 
 t'bel6«s 
 
 t'^lraa 
 
 t'ga 
 
 t'ga-u-(t'k') 
 
 La-t'gau 
 fgkl 
 t'galt'gal-i-(t'k') 
 
 t'gd.lt'gal-i-x- (da-gwa) 
 t'gkm 
 
 Dak'-t'gam-i-k' 
 
 t'gdnt'gan 
 t'gd^' 
 
 t'g^^'p'-Cdek') 
 t'gebe-si' 
 t'ge? nagai- 
 -t'gem' 
 
 t'g^me-t'-it' 
 
 al-t'gem 
 
 gwen-t'gfem 
 
 ha-gwel-t'g^^mt'gam 
 
 ddk !oloi-t'g6met'it' 
 al-t'gey-kp-x 
 
 al-t'geye-p'-it' 
 di'-t'giliu la4i'- 
 t'goh6x 
 t'g6'^ 
 
 t'g6i-i-(t'k') 
 al-t'gu'^s- 
 
 al-t'guyu"«s--it' 
 t'gu^m 
 al-t'gun-kp-x 
 
 mink %1-t'gunkpx 
 t'gwk 
 t'gwald^ 
 
 snail 
 
 shinny ball 
 pine-nut 
 acorn-pestle 
 earth, land 
 (my) land 
 (village name) 
 sugar-pine, sugar-pine nuts 
 (my) stomach 
 
 (his own) stomach 
 elk, armor of elk hide 
 
 "Above which are elks" (village 
 name) 
 fly 
 horn 
 
 (my) horn 
 gall 
 
 drop down, fall 
 black 
 
 pi. 
 
 black 
 
 black-necked 
 
 down in dark places 
 
 black-cheeked 
 round 
 
 pl. 
 
 jump around in war-dance 
 
 quail (?) 
 
 leggings 
 
 (my) leggings 
 white 
 
 pl. 
 rattlesnake 
 rolled-up 
 
 "bear rolled-up," doormouse (?) 
 thunder 
 hooting owl 
 
 ' Cf . verb t'geme-t!-. 
 
256 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM^ VOL. II. 
 
 t'gwkn 
 
 Ha-t'gwd^^xi 
 
 t'gwaykm 
 
 t'gwe^l-km-x 
 
 t'gwfelk"' 
 
 t'gwil 
 
 t'gwi'nt'gw-i-(t'k'), 
 
 t'gwi'nt'gwan-i-(t'k') 
 
 Ha-t'Il 
 t'i's 
 
 t'i't'-al 
 al-t'mil-kp-x 
 al-t'mili-p'-it' 
 
 t'mu"gkl 
 
 t'-6p-(xa) 
 
 de-t'ulti«p' 
 
 de-t'ullisp'-it' 
 t !agam^ 
 
 -t!ai 
 
 -t!dya-t'-it' 
 
 s'al-t!di 
 
 gwit^iu-t \Ai 
 t!ak' 
 t!a^k" 
 be"-t!awkk' 
 
 xilam t!egal-ix-i 
 
 tleimi^s^ 
 
 t!e«k'^ 
 
 tle^'k'wi 
 
 t!elk 
 
 t!elk 
 
 t!elk-(t'k') 
 
 t!eU*-t'an 
 al-t!e^s--it' 
 
 slave 
 
 (Umpqua village) 
 
 lark 
 
 scouring-rush 
 
 "rat" (sp. ?) 
 
 hazel brush, hazel nut 
 
 (my) upper arm 
 
 (village name) 
 
 gopher 
 
 thin 
 
 smooth 
 
 pl. 
 twisted shells (sp. ?) 
 see 6p-(xa) 
 dull, not sharp 
 
 pl. 
 lake 
 narrow 
 
 pl. 
 
 slim, narrow 
 
 slim-wristed 
 fresh-water mussel 
 spoon 
 spring month when there is much 
 
 wind (? April) 
 skull 
 
 one hundred 
 yellowhammer 
 big trout 
 shinny stick 
 louse 
 
 (my) louse 
 
 pl. 
 little-eyed (epithet of squirrel) 
 
 ' Perhaps same word as preceding. 
 ' Perhaps tin-mi's, " one male." 
 
E. SAPIR — TAKELIFA TEXTS. 
 
 257 
 
 t !ewex 
 t!i'- 
 
 t!i-(t'k') 
 
 tli'-^la'p'a 
 t!iba-, t!ibk-k'^ 
 
 t!iba-gw-kn-(t'k') 
 t!ibis-f 
 t!oit' 
 
 t!omx-i-(xa) 
 
 (wi-)t!omx-ku 
 Ha-t!6"n-k' 
 t!on6"s- 
 t!os-6" 
 
 dak !oloi-t !us'u's'-gwat' 
 al-t!u'^s--it' 
 
 tluxu'i^ 
 ts!a-(xa) 
 
 (wi-)ts !a-i 
 
 ts- !ry-k-(t'k') 
 ts- Id'^s- 
 ts !d,kix 
 ts" !km-x 
 
 da-ts"!kmx' 
 Dak'-ts!a^-al-d,^ 
 ts lamal 
 ts!an 
 
 da-ts' !ana^-t' 
 tsMa'sap' 
 Dak'-ts!asin 
 ts!au 
 
 ts!a^-kn-(t'k') 
 
 Dak'-ts !a^v-an-d,^ 
 ts' !axd^n 
 
 flea 
 
 male, husband 
 
 (my) husband 
 
 husband, man 
 pancreas 
 
 (my) pancreas 
 ants 
 
 one-horned deer 
 (her) parent-in-law 
 
 (my) parent-in-law 
 (village name) 
 humming-bird 
 small, a little 
 
 small-cheeked 
 little-eyed (epithet of squirrel) 
 gambling bones 
 driftwood 
 (her) brother's child, (his) sister's 
 
 child 
 (my) nephew 
 
 (my) nephew (myth form) 
 bluejay 
 hill 
 strong 
 
 sick 
 Klamath Indian 
 mouse 
 
 porcupine (?) 
 about to die 
 berry-bush (sp. ?) 
 (village name) 
 large body of water, ocean flood 
 
 (my) ocean 
 Klamath Indian 
 lizard (sp. ?) 
 
 ' Cf. verb t!ulut!al-. 
 
 ^Cf. verb -tloxox-. 
 
 ' Cf. verb da-ts'!aam-x- 
 
258 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM^ VOL. II. 
 
 tslayklt' 
 
 pinon jay- 
 
 ts !aykl-x 
 
 wet 
 
 ts-!6k'ts-!ag-i-(t'k') 
 
 (my) backbone 
 
 ts" lelkm ' 
 
 hail 
 
 ts" !elei 
 
 eye 
 
 ts"!elei-(t'k') 
 
 (my) eye 
 
 ts" len^s" 
 
 wild-rose berry 
 
 ts" l^^ts" !e« 
 
 small bird (sp. ?) 
 
 de-ts!id-kk"'^ 
 
 reddish 
 
 ts" !iddx-gwa 
 
 disease-spirit, "pain" 
 
 ts"tfk'-(dek') 
 
 (my) flesh 
 
 ts"!i'-(t'gwa) 
 
 (his own) flesh 
 
 al-ts" !il 
 
 red 
 
 al-ts" !Ili-t'-it' 
 
 pi. 
 
 d^k!oloi-ts"!il 
 
 red-cheeked 
 
 ts"!ili'k!-i-(t'k') 
 
 (my) elbow 
 
 ts"!ixi 
 
 dog 
 
 ts" !ixi mahhi 
 
 "dog big," horse 
 
 ts" !ixi-k lo'lts" !am^ 
 
 (name of Sun's servant) 
 
 ts" !51x 
 
 dentalia 
 
 s"al-ts" !un-kp-x 
 
 straight 
 
 s"al-ts" lunu-p'-it' 
 
 pi. 
 
 ts- !un«s" 
 
 deer-skin cap with woodpecker tails 
 
 i-ts" !6-p'-al 
 
 sharp-clawed 
 
 de-ts-Itigli"' 
 
 sharp-pointed 
 
 de-ts" !ugu-t' 
 
 sharp-pointed 
 
 de-ts" !ugu'[h]-it' 
 
 pi. 
 
 ts" !uk' 
 
 Indian rope 
 
 gAV ts"ug[w]-d'' 
 
 bowstring 
 
 di-ts" !tik' 
 
 Indian rope 
 
 ts-'.urm* 
 
 wart 
 
 ts"!ulm-i-(t'k') 
 
 (my) wart 
 
 u'luk!-i-(t'k') 
 
 (my) head-hair 
 
 ii'luk !-i-x-(da-gwa) 
 
 (his own) hair 
 
 u'^xi 
 
 deer-skin pouch for receiving seeds 
 
 
 when beaten from stalk 
 
 ' Cf. verb ts-lele-m-. 
 
 ' Cf. verb de-ts'!ugu-. 
 
 'Cf. -ts-Hlt 
 
 *Cf. verb al-ts. 'iilm-. 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 259 
 
 wa-(de) 
 wd-'-Cda) 
 
 wa-(xa) 
 t'a-wa-(xa) 
 
 wa°'d-i-x-(d^k) 
 al-«wa"d-i-(d6) 
 be" «waM-i* 
 
 wagd-t'a* 
 waiwi' 
 
 waiwi'-(t'fek') 
 
 wak;'d-i-(xa) 
 
 wkx 
 
 han-wax-g-kn 
 
 wayk 
 
 wayau-(xa) 
 
 wigi-n 
 
 wi^i-n 
 
 Al-wildm-xa-dis 
 
 he^^-wildmxa 
 wilku 
 
 wMu-(t'ek') 
 
 will, will 
 wili-(t'k'). 
 de-de-wili'-da 
 wili-hdu-(t'ek') 
 
 dan wi'lf 
 
 -win-i- 
 
 lia-Vin-i-(de) 
 
 xa*-^win-hi 
 
 xa-bin-win-i 
 
 wini-t' 
 ge winit' 
 de-^winit' 
 
 ha^-wit' 
 
 wits' !am-kk''", wits' !am-k 
 
 to, at (me) 
 to, at (him) 
 
 (his) younger brother 
 (his) younger sister 
 
 (my) body 
 towards (me) 
 "sun its-body," all day long 
 
 which one ? 
 
 girl, female 
 (my) girl 
 (his) mother's brother's son 
 bush with edible root (sp. ?) 
 
 creek 
 
 across the creek 
 
 knife 
 
 (his) daughter-in-law 
 
 small red lizard 
 
 different 
 
 (mountain name) 
 
 beyond AlwiMmxa-dis 
 arrow 
 
 (my) arrow 
 
 house 
 
 (my) house 
 
 door 
 
 (my) friend (used as term of greet- 
 ing 
 big stone knife 
 
 inside of (me) 
 
 half-way 
 half full 
 
 tired out, exhausted 
 
 proceeding that far 
 
 proceeding, going ahead, reaching 
 to 
 getting even (in reply) 
 flint flaker, fire-driller 
 
 / 
 
260 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OP PA. MUSEUM^ VOL. II. 
 
 wogit' 
 
 wurx 
 
 wo"na'k'^-dan 
 
 wo"p!{i-n-(t'k') 
 
 wu"l[h]-km' 
 
 xa^- 
 
 xa"[h]-kin-(t'k') 
 xa^[h]-ain-(d6) 
 
 xagd-(xa) 
 
 (wi-)xaga-I 
 xam^k' 
 xan' 
 
 xan-km-Ct'k') 
 xda-(xa) 
 
 (wi-)xda-I 
 xda-n' 
 xdeit' 
 -xdiPs 
 
 xa^-xdil^s 
 
 gwen-xdiPs 
 xhm 
 
 xi 
 
 xiy-k-(t'k') 
 ha-xiya-^xi ha'p'di 
 
 xi-bini 
 
 xin-t' 
 xi-gwkl-t' 
 xil-km 
 
 han-xilm-i 
 
 xiPk'wi'' 
 ximn-i-(xa) 
 
 xin' 
 
 frog 
 
 enemy, Shasta Indian 
 
 old 
 
 pi. 
 (my) eyebrows 
 menstrual round-dance 
 
 back, waist 
 (my) back 
 on (my) back 
 
 (his) mother's sister 
 
 (my) mother's sister 
 grizzly bear 
 urine 
 
 (my) urine 
 (his) father's brother 
 
 (my) father's brother 
 eel 
 flute of wild parsnip 
 
 slim 
 
 slim-waisted 
 
 slim-necked 
 raven 
 water 
 
 (my) water 
 
 "being-in- the- water small," mink 
 
 three 
 
 three times 
 fresh (of meat) 
 sick, dead person, ghost 
 
 "Across where ghosts are," land 
 of ghosts 
 billet in woman's shinny-game 
 (his) relative by marriage interme- 
 diate relative having died 
 mucus 
 
 ' Cf. verb wunuun-. 
 'Ci. verb wuliih-am- 
 ' Cf . verb xalaxam-. 
 
 *Cf. verb xdaaxda-gwj-. 
 'Cf. verb xUn''-xa-. 
 ' Cf. verb xinHxan-p'-. 
 
E. SAPIE — TAKELMA TEXTS. 
 
 261 
 
 xm 
 
 t'gap'-xi'u-t' 
 t'gap'-xi'u-(t'ek') 
 xl6^p-x' 
 
 xliwi 
 xnik' 
 x5 
 
 xa^-'Xb 
 xiim^ 
 
 cix-xilin 
 
 xum-a 
 
 xuma-x-(dek') 
 xum^-t' 
 ha-xo^'n-hi 
 xu"l-i-(t'k') 
 xu'^-nfe, xu^-n {adv.) 
 Ya*gal-a^s 
 yana yahaPs 
 yak'"' 
 yal 
 
 Ha-ya^l-b a'ls-da 
 
 Gel-yal-k' 
 
 yamx 
 
 yamx-(dek') 
 yan(?) la^li'- 
 yank 
 
 y an-gwks ' 
 yknx 
 yap!k 
 yau- 
 
 yaw-k-(t'k') 
 
 dal-, da*-yaw-a-(de) 
 
 da*-t'ga*-yawd^-da 
 
 bush from hard wood of which ca- 
 mass-stick is made 
 camass-stick 
 (my) camass-stick 
 
 roundish dough-like cake of deer- 
 fat or camass 
 
 feathers worn in war-dance 
 
 acorn dough 
 
 fir 
 
 among firs 
 
 dry- 
 dried venison 
 food 
 (my) food 
 
 lean 
 
 just for nothing, with no reason 
 
 (my) brains 
 
 night 
 
 Umpqua Indian 
 
 black acorn, chief acorn 
 
 wildcat 
 
 pine 
 
 "In its tall pines " (village name) 
 
 " Abreast of pines " (village name) 
 fat, grease 
 
 (my) fat 
 become stuck (?) (86, 15) 
 acorn, oak 
 "white-barked oak" 
 "tall tree with rough reddish bark" 
 person, people 
 ribs 
 
 (my) ribs 
 
 at (my) side 
 
 "beside-earth-its-rib," north 
 
 ' Cf. verb -xleplexlab-. 
 
 'Cf. verb xoy-m-an-. 
 
 ' Perhaps compounded of yand and -gwdsi, " yellow." 
 
263 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUB. UNIV. OF PA. MUSEUM^ VOL. II. 
 
 da-yaw^nt !i-xi 
 
 yax 
 
 yaxa dkn 
 
 y^k'-dal 
 
 ye®%' 
 
 ye®k \iy6^ 
 
 yel 
 
 yelfex 
 
 yel6x-(dek') 
 yhV 
 ye*-xi ^ 
 dan y6*w-ald-an-i'^ 
 
 yibdxam 
 
 yid-I-(xa) 
 
 yik'kt' 
 
 yilwa^s 
 
 yiwi-n' 
 
 yiwin-(d^k') 
 p!i' yog[w]-d" 
 da-yo"gdm-xa (adv.) 
 bai-yugw-k-(t'k') 
 yo^k"' 
 
 y6k![w]-a-(t'k'), y6ek'[w]-a- 
 (t'kO 
 
 yo^'au 
 yti^k'ama 
 
 yli^'uma^-da, yuk !uma'-da 
 
 di^-t'ga*-yuk !uma*-da 
 yolk 
 
 yo"ldp-x-(dek') 
 yols 
 
 yulii-m, yulk-m 
 yom 
 
 yo"m-k-(t'k') 
 
 on one side, on the other side, half 
 
 graveyard 
 
 water-worn fiat rock 
 
 in the brush 
 
 cinders 
 
 sparrow-hawk 
 
 whip 
 
 burden-basket 
 
 (my) burden basket 
 tears 
 
 needle, awl 
 "always returning to rocks," otter 
 
 (myth name) 
 small skunk 
 (her) husband's sister 
 long-tailed red deer 
 hazel switch 
 speech 
 
 (my) speech 
 fireplace 
 fall, antimin 
 (my) rescuer 
 bone 
 
 (my) bone 
 
 marrow 
 salmon-tail 
 
 (his) salmon-tail 
 
 " at-rear-end-of -earth-its-tail," west 
 fox 
 
 (my) guardian spirit 
 steel-head salmon 
 eagle 
 blood 
 
 (my) blood 
 
 'Cf. verb yegwegw-. 
 
 'Cf. verb yewew-dld-. 
 
 ' Cf. verbs yaway- and yiwiyau- 
 
a. SAPIR — TAKELMA TEXTS. 363 
 
 YQk'ydk'wa (name of salt lick where deer were 
 
 caught) 
 
 yu'k!al-x, yu'«k'al-x teeth 
 
 yu'k!alx-(dfek') (my) teeth 
 
 5nip' woman's basket-cap 
 
 yu"b-i-(t'k') (my) basket cap 
 
 y6t'i' alive 
 
 yut'ihi pi. 
 
 yut!{i-n' white duck 
 
 3ru'xg-an trout 
 
 ' Perhaps = yd-t' hi. Cf. verb yinvo . 
 'Ct. verb -yut/uyad-.