QJorneU IntoEraitg Hthtarg BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF HENRY W. SAGE 1891 ine aate shows when this voiume was taken. To renew this book copy the call No. and give to the lilirarian. HOME USE RULES 01 All Books subject to Recall Ail borrowers must regis- ter in the library to borrow books for home use. All books must be re- turned at end of college for inspection and repairs. Limited books must be re- turned within the four week limit and not renewed. Students must return all books before leaying town. Officers should arrange for the return of books wanted during their absence from town. Volumes of periodicals and of pamphlets are held in the library as much as possible. For special pur- poses they are given out for a limited ;^time. Borrowers should not use their library privileges for the- benefit of other persons. Books of special value and gift books, when the gi ver wishes it , are not allowed to circulate. Readers are asked to re- port all cases of - books marked or mutilated. Do not deface books by marks and writing. Cornell University Library F 864 E57lndex Missions and missionaries of California olin 3 1924 028 920 077 -4- i? ^.. Y rtUk -^3 tttW-*^^- .<*' K"C>#^- l>^^<^ ^<«^ Si^«si^/ J-* !] too^^^ttcU^ jhrjnb.riil' ? V^-^""^ ICtDtb/c /I" RtVV »S»°.,«* .A? ..•i»-- K Giu Oruide "^ \PloMho ^°M«mma^ 1 ^ ^S iFort GrantA A SocuBcheo ARIZONA AND SONORA ScKle of Mllea. SO jm Rlllllf-v -i^ .( iamoa"""''"'?^"^ y_ .^ TerroDBtfl ^ ,OmVxt\J *BA0O<( Iimrl^OAN lONACIO Mngdnlana 1 ^J"©^ UBlDofinlne j ' ^Paerl|)^ ^OPapepR,B.o«iAlchl "irporaufliu I \Iluufacft Aconlchli "VQpognriJ cTnf Wo ( BOO* '«Bataco SJ ^v^ I (AlamlwV AJftmoii v, A J-> — •Mi>Sil»° Soyo pV AaSElmtrfJ Swciuij. A So Orlinl' fP OUMURIP, PotBM ^^^^ ^■— — ^ CamOB/ O 8 T 1 M Uyt B. Pedro QJ~^ THE Missions and Missionaries OF CALIFORNIA BY FR. ZEPHYRIN ENGELHARDT, O. F. M. AUXHOR OF **Tht Franciscans in California" "The Franciscans In Jlrizona" "The Holy JiCan of Santa Clara" INDEX TO VOLS. II -IV El alma de la historia es la veidad senciUa. * Pal6u, Prol, de la Vida SUPERIORUM PEtyVllSSU SAN FRANCISCO, GAL. THE JAMES H. BARRY COMPANY 1916 E,V. E M A-3T6 4-|t^ COPYRIGHT BY ZEPHYRIN ENGELHARDT TO ST. ANTHONY OF PADUA Cornell University Library The original of tiiis bool< is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028920077 In a work of this kind, notwithstanding scrupu- lous care, it is scarcely possible to avoid all mistakes. It is hoped, however, that errors may not be so nu- merous nor so important as to cause difficulties. INDEX Abaci, Santiago, ii, 121 Abalorios, Indian money, beads, ii, 619 Abandoned Missions, iv, 324, 370, 372, 373, 445, 465-466 Abella, Fr. Ramon, ii, 625;-iii. accompanies expedition, 27;- on Indian mortality, 29-30;- demands rights for Indians, 186-187 ;-refuses oath, 243-244;- ment., 31, 57, 160, 220, 270, 273, 445, 4S2;-iv, death, 279;- ment., 41-42, 102, 115, 237, 295, 327;-autograph, iii, 186 Abrego, Jose, iv, 127, 472, 477, 481, 506 Absolute power, Mission Fa- thers had no, ii, 616-617 Absolute subjection of Fathers planned, ii, 314, 417, 422-424 Abstinence from flesh meat, iii, 160-161 Absurd charges, iv, 420-422 Abuse each other, Pico and Castro, iv, 487-488, 491-494 Abuse of power, ii, 442-443, see Neve, Echeandia, Figueroa, Pico, Secularization Abusing decree of Spanish Cor- tes, iii, 348 Acapiilco, ii, 3, 441, 486;-iii, 16, 17, 53, 73, 253, 442, 513;-iv, 176, 269 Acayucan, Oaxaca, ii, 342 Accent on Spanish names, ii, p. vi Accolti, Rev. Michael, S. J., iv, 627, 677, 680-681 Accommodations, poor, see Bishop Diego, Fr. Duran, Fr. Ibarra, Fr. Quijas, Fr. A. Real, Bishop Alemany Accountability for wrongs to Indians, iv. 111 Accounts of friars scrupulous, ii, 580;-iii, 249 Accusations, false, ii, 277, 346;- iii, 461;-iv, 7, see Calumnies Accusations, fortunate, ii, 459 Achievements of the Missions, see Success, Tabular Reports Acorns as food, ii, S3 Acosta, Fr. Natividad, iv, 676 Act, last, in the Mission drama, iv, 470 Activity of Fr. Gonzalez Riibio, iv, 676-677 Additional taxes on Indian Missions, iii, 225 Administration of friars suc- cessful, see Success Administrators installed, iii, 546- 548, S77;-one faithful, iv, 133- 134;-Vallejo disgusted, 139;- insolence of, 142-147 ;-abuses of, 163;-supplanted by mayor- domos, 164 Admission, reluctant, of Pio Pico, iv, 17-18 Admission of California into Union, iv, 661 Adobes, or sundried bricks, ii, 247, 560-561 Adoratorio ceremonial, ii, 37 Adrian VI, Pope, iii, 46;-iv, 304 Adultery among savages, ii, 240 Adults, regarded as in Missions, ii, 299, 449, 619 Advantage taken of mission- aries, iii, 444 Advice, churlish, of Figueroa, iii, 561-562 Afifection of friars for Indians, iv, 454, see Fr. Serra, Fr. Duran ;-of neophytes for friars, ii, 277-278 ;-iv, 13 African Moors less bad than Mission enemies, iv, 111 Afternoon services, Sundays and holydays, ii, 256 Agatha, St., ii, 397 Agaton, Indian, iv, 452 Age of paisano chiefs, iv, 54 Agents, Indian, frequent draw- backs, iv, 596;-first in Cali- fornia, iv, 654-657 Aggeus, Old Testament Proph- et, iv, 49 Aggravating case, iv, 603-604 Aggravating circumstances, ii, 291, 330-335, 384 Agreda, Mother Mary, ii, 101 Agreeable surprise for priests and Indians, iv, 596 Agreement between Franciscan Colleges, iii, 407 Index Agreement for holy Masses, u, 67, 170;-iii, 451, 4S3;-iv, 708- 709 Agriculture at the Missions, ii, 7, 83, 219, 258, 262, 594-595;- iv, 532-535. Agriculture among the settlers, see Settlers, Colonists. Agriculture, Neve would elim- inate in Missions, ii, 332 Agua Caliente, ii, 17S;-iv, 571, 642 Agua Caliente, or Jacopin (Warner's Ranch), iii, 143 Agua de los Alisos, ii, 32 Aguardiente, ii, 576-577, 592 Aguas Calientes Convention, iv, 795-796 Aguichumu, Canada de, iv, 261, 735 Aguila, Mexican periodical, iii, 267 Aguirre, Jose Antonio, iv, ment., 129, 174, 220, 226, 232, 241, 257, 519;-marriage of, 230;-tithe collector, 247. Aguirre, Juan Bautista, ii, 164- 165, 180, 202, 319, 321, 395 Agurto, Rev. Maximiano, iv, 690 Agustin I, Emperor of Mexico, (Iturbide), iii, 159. Aid refused to Fr. Garces by- Rivera, ii, 196 Ailments most common among the friars, ii, 533. Ailments of the Indians and soldiers, ii, 608-609. Aim of the missionaries, ii, 242; -iv, 527-528;-of Missions, iii, 120 Aim of turbulent Indians, iii, 481 Aim of Mission enemies, iii, 481;-556-557, see Pico, Eche- andia Ajata, or Las Llagas, iii, 143 Alabado, ii, 128, 147, 175, 192, 254, 369, 627 Alajulapu, Mission site, ii, 600 Alaman, Lucas, ii, 6S0;-iii, 195, 208-209, 346, 373, 468-470, 517 Alameda, Cal., ii, 96, 181, 503, 506 Alameda County, iii, 647 Alameda Creek, ii, 96, 492, 516 Alamo, Fr. Antonio, ii, 626; iii, 51, S3 Alamo, Real del, ii, 41 Alamo, Texas massacre, iv, 19 Alamos, Sonora, ii, 366;-iii, 161 Alange, Cabinet Minister, Spain, ii, 457 Alarcon, Hernando de, ii, 193 Alaska Indians, ii, 642 Alberni, Pedro de, ii, 465, 516, 532 Alcaldes, Indian, ii, 336-346, 426, 540-543 ;-iii, 397, 455, 487;- iv, 448, 683 Alcaldes, Mexican, refuse to serve under U. S. Hag, iv, 562 Alcina, Fr. Jose Maria, iv, 718 Alegre, Francisco X., S. J., iv, 190 Alegre, Fr. Miguel de la Cruz, iv, 711-712 Alemany, Most Rev. Jose Sa- doc, O. P., iv, appointed Bish- op, 666-668;-welcomed at San Francisco, 682;-at Santa Bar- bara, 683-684, 688;-first pas- toral, 684;-names Fr. Gonza- lez vicar-general, 684, 693;-at Monterey, 684-687 ;-wants Fr. Gonzalez to stay, 697, 712;- assigns Notre Dame Sisters to San Jose, 689;-grants Sta. Clara to Jesuits, 691;-con- vokes first synod, 692;-not recognized by Mexico, 670, 671, 694;-at Baltimore Coun- cil, 694;-goes to Mexico, 694;- demands not allowed, 694;- returns to California, 695, 696;-first ordinations, 696;-se- cures Sisters of Charity, 697;- made Archbishop, 710-711 ;-or- ders books restored to Fran- ciscans, 709;-afifection for the Franciscans, 705, 709;-assist8 in founding their college, 700- 705;-convokes first synod of the archdiocese, 713;-ordains priests, 716;-installs Bishop Amat, 717;-veneration for Fr. J. J. Jimeno, 719-720;-prose- cutes and wins Mission Land Case, 732-733, 745;-ment., 673, 692, 693, 706, 707, 709, 711, 712, 731, 816 Alert, The, ship, iv, 84 Aleutian Islands, ii, 438 Alexander VI, Pope, ii, 460, 670-671 Index Alexander, Cyrus, iv, 415-416 Alipas, Gervasio, iv, 34 Alisguey, land grant, iv, 261, 7.35 Allegiance, oath taken, iii, 148- 149;-refused, 243-24S, 268-273;- see Fr. Sarria, Fr. Duran. Allegiance to governments, iv, 30 Alleged assembly meeting, April 13, 1846, iv, 757-758, 771 Allen, James, iv, 589 All Hallows Seminary, Ireland, iv, 708, 716 Allovi^ance to Fr. Cavalier at Mission San Luis Obispo, ii, 103 Allowance to missionaries, ii, 84, 219;-iii, 53, 55 Allowance to Governor Sola, iii, 150-151 All to all, friars, ii, 383-384 Almejas Point, ii, 49 Almonte, Juan, iv, 481 Alms, stipends regarded as, ii, 529;-iii, 545, see Stipends Almud, dry measure, ii, 103, 113, 512, 554 Alone, friar at a Mission, ii, 424, 524 Alonso, Fr. Bernardino de, iv, 712 Alric, Rev. Henry, iv, 690 Altaneria Espaiiola, ii, 671 Alta California, iv, 668-669, 703 Altar wine, iii, 571, see Wine Alterations at Missions to be avoided, ii, 630 Altimira, Fr. Jose, iii, 56, 84;- founds Mission Solano, 175- 184;-refuses oath, 244;-flight, 254-258;-ment., 232, 252, 259, 277, 295, 301, 323, 407, 510, 530, 597, 600, 656;-autograph, 181 Alto de Jumin, ii, 48 Alva, Spanish Minister, ii, 317 Alva, Dr. Manuel de, iii, 604-605 Alvarado, Francisco Maria, fined for Slogging Indian, iv, 140;- sponsor at Confirmation, 228 Alvarado, Joaquin, iii, 306 Alvarado, Juan Bautista, glimpse of character, ii, 56;-iii, 107, 159;-hoaxed Hittell, 232;-sec- retary to assembly, 252, 365;- haran trues San Miguel Indians, 351;-v£racity, 254, 258, 552;- ment., 281, 301, 323, 350, 356, 359, 365, 372, 510, 530, 535, 597, 600, 656;-iv, ment., S, IS, 38, 50-S8;-veracity, 40;- takes oath as governor, 59;-not recognized south, 60;-at Santa Barbara, 60-65;- plans revolt under new flag, 64-65 ;-at Los Angeles, 66;- recognized by Mexican Gov- ernment, 75-76, 123-124;- pledged against the Missions, 99;-ment., 73-76, 79, 91, 92, 96, 99, 104, 112, 118, 120, 124;- versus M. Vallejo, 125-128, 268-269;-married, 125;-versus Graham, 128-129 ;-rule of plun- der, 131-135;-reglamento on Missions, 142-145, 163-169, 175;-disgusts Hartnell, 184;- ignores Supreme Government decrees, 268;-made colonel, 269;-to Bishop Diego, 226, 232-233, 236;-addicted to liq- uor, 268;-his troopers plunder Mission Santa Clara, 360-361;- treachery to governor, 423- 424;-delegate to congress, 472;-ment., 156, 177, 203, 271, 273, 285, 307, 309, 318, 320, 325-327, 331, 332, 335, 364, 367, 420, 437, 481, 485, 491, 492, 502, 504, 576, 594, 684;-pur- chases San Jose Mission land, S07;-on Vallejo, 546;-absurd charges, 783-784;-apt pupil of Voltaire, 784, 789-791, 794;- shameless letter to Fr. Du- ran, 784-787 ;-his spy system, 784;-his "Historia," 783;- ment., 747-749, 753, 770, 777- 779, 781, 782, 817;-autograph, 62 Alvarez, Fr. Francisco, iv, 722 Alvarez, Jose, ii, 474 Alvarez, Juan, Mexican Presi- dent, iv, 699 Alvlrez, soldier, iii, 295 Alviso, Ignacio, iv, 134, 177 Alviso, Nicolas, iii, 251 Amador, Jose Maria, iv, 177 Amador, Pedro, ii, 492, 494, 506- 507;-iii, 146 Amador Valley, ii, 99 Amat, Rt. Rev. Thaddeus, C. M., iv, first Bishop of Mon- terey, 711;-installed, 717;-at Index Santa Barbara, 717;-at Los Angeles, 717-718;-pastoral let- ter, 717-718;-secures Sisters of Charity, 718;-exchanges Mission for parish in Santa Barbara, 720;-ment., 712, 816 Amazed Superiors, iii, 64-66, 178-180 Amazing confession of a writer, iv, 806, 808 Amazing statement of Sola, iii, 135 Ambas Majestades, ii, 604 Ambitious paisano chiefs, iv, 475-476 Ambition of Pio Pico gratified, iv, 508-509 Ambris, Rev. Doroteo, iv, or- dained priest, 412;-ment., 227, 228, 258, 263, 282, 516, 617, 618, 68S;-autograph, 618 Ambrosio, Indian rebel, iii, 13;- iv, 311-312 American flag raised at Monte- rey, iv, SSl-552;-at San Fran- cisco, 55S;-at Santa Barbara, 558;-at Los Angeles, S61;-at San Diego, 561 American husbands preferred, iv, 414 American River, iv, 545, 611 Americans, why Fr. Duran dreaded their coming, iv, 114;- came fifteen years too late to save the Missions, 596;-re- spect for Church property, 581-582, 589;-sympathy for the Indians, 644;-in Texas, 71 Amesti (Pinto) Lake, ii, 47 Amestoy, Fr. Marcos, iii, 47 Amnesty granted, iii, 467;-iv, 75, 578 Amoros, Fr. Juan, ii, 647;-iii, 19;-bitter complaint, 81-82;- protests suppression of Mis- sion, 176;-refuses oath, 244;- with children, 612;-death of, 4Sl;-ment., 155, 180, 182, 272, 465, 560 Amuscopiabit, San Gabriel de, iii, 39 Amount Bishop Diego received from Pious Fund, iv, 245, 247 Ampudia, Pedro, iv, 481 Amurrio, Fr. Gregorio, arrives at San Diego, ii, 127, 128;- chaplain of ship, 131;-assigned to San Juan Capistrano, 168- 169, 186, 210, 214-215 Amusements at Missions, ii, 235-236, 254-256, 263, 559, 564- 567 Amusing episode, iii, 572 Anarchy in California, iii, 366, 402, 438;-iv, 113 Ancestors of Pio Pico, iv, 634 Anchor, the lost, ii, 65 Anderson, Rev. Fr. Peter Au- gustine, O. P., iv, 628, 667, 696 Anderson, Dr. Stephen, iii, 283, 290, 302 Andres, Fr. Juan, ii, 12, 61 Andres, insufferable Indian, ii, 508;-iii, 13 Andres, Indian alcalde, iii, 197, 199, 206 Anecdote by Fr. Sarria, iii, 43 Angayaba, San Joaquin y Santa Ana de, iii, 39 Angel de Guarda, or Custodio, Punta del, ii, 49 Angel Island, ii, 164, 166, 625;- iii, 27;-iv, 208 Angeles, Fr. Francisco de los, iv, 303 Angelus Bell, ii, 3S4;-iii, 200 Anian, Strait of, ii, 439 Animosity of Vallejo for Fr. Duran, iv, ITi-m Animosity of Rivera to friars, ii, 183 Animus of Mexican Govern- ment, iii, 238 Animus of Gov. Neve, ii, 286 Aiiino, Rev. Francisco de Paula, ii, 440 Annual reports, first, ii, 446 Annual Retreats, ii, 630 Anomalous relations, ii, 430-431 Ano Nuevo, Point, -ii, 41, 48 Ansares, Llano de, ii, 49 Answers to fifteen governmen- tal questions, ii, 551, 553-582 Antedated land titles, iv, 504- 505, 725 Antelopes, ii, 31, 203 Antero, Indian, iv, 452 Anti-American declaration and signers, iv, 481 Anti-Christian France, Mexico, Portugal, iv, 662 Antipathy of paisanos for Mex- icans, iv, 411, 416-418, 422, 428, 485 Index 5 Antonio, Gov. Arrillaga's Indian servant, iii, 8 Anxiety of missionaries, chief, iii, 167 Anza, Col. Juan Bautista, heads expedition, ii, 125, 131, 134- 139;-sponsor at Baptism, 136, 178;-arrives at Monterey, 137;- meets Rivera, 171-172;-again at Monterey, 179;-at San Francisco Bay, 180-182 ^of- fended bv Rivera, 184-185, 189;-ment.; 164, 188, 191, 195, 196, 199, 201, 281, 350, 352, 620, 666, 667 Anzar, Fr. Jose Ant., iii, ar- rives at San Gabriel, 407-409;- at San Luis Rey, 411, 420, 421;- at San Juan Bautista, 452, 453, 556;-iv, presidente, 297, 392;- circular, 358;-before Land Commission, 733;-retires to Mexico, 719;-ment., 237, 260, 302, 380, 394, 412, 422, 424, 427, 442, 515, 674, 685, 697, 723, 747, 749, 753-755, 793;-autograph, 748 Apaches, ii, 425;-iii, 333;-fron- tier, iv, 309 Apalategui, Antonio, iv, 70 Apartments for girls at Mis- sions, ii, 557-559, see Jlonje- rio;-for boys and youths, 559 Apologies due from Mission enemies, iv, 805 Apologize, soldiers ordered to, ii, 531 Apostle of Peru, ii, 396;-of Guatemala and Texas, 401, 425 Apostles of Christ, ii, 242-244;- iii, 116 Apostles of Mexico, iv, 303 Apostolic Briefs, ii, 312 Apostolic Colleges, ii, 222, 605 Appalling description, iii, 584- 586;-iv, 98-116 Appeal of Bishop Diego to Mexican Government, iv, 253- 255, 402-405 ;-of Fr. Duran for protection, iii, 336;-of Fr. Guardian Lopez, 72-76, 209- 211 Appeal to people by Pico to resist United States, iv, 556- 557 Appearance of the San Antonio that saved California, ii, 64 Appearances, Pico wants to save, iv, 367-368 Appellations of curate, pastor, parish, etc., objected to by friars, iii, 545-546, 580 Apples, apricots, etc., cultivated at Missions, iv, 534 Applause of Indians that of schoolboys let loose, iii, 431 Application for land granted, first, iii, 640-641 Apprentices, Indian, ii, 266, 535- S36;-iii, 436 Aranda, Conde de, ii, 657 Arancel, or pricelist, ii, 574-576 Arancel, or fee system, iv, 395, 401 _ Aragon, Spain, iii, 626 Aranjuez, ii, 607 Aranzazii, The, ii, 437, 441-442, 486 Arath, Bishop of, iv, 612 Araujo, Francisco, iv, 34 Arce, Antonio de, ii, 121;-Fran- cisco de, iv, 276, 481 Archbishop of ^Mexico, iii, 161, 321, 362;-iv, 518, 793 Archdiocesan synod decrees, iv, 713-714 Archipelago discovered, ii, 321 Architecture of the Missions, iv, 534-536 Archives, California, ii, pp. xxiv- xxvii;-iv, 182 Ardison, Stephen, iv, 234 Areche, Jose Antonio de, ii, 115, 121, 124, 279 Arellano, Fr. Ignacio Ramirez de, O. P., iv, 238, 259, 603, 604 Arenas, Cayetano, iv, 759-766 Arenas, Luis, iv, 508, 761-766 Arenaza, Fr. Pascual Martinez de, ii, 542, 550 Arevalo, Fr. Manuel, ii, 375 Argiiello, Gervasio, iii, 251 Arguello, Jose Dario, ii, coman- dante of Santa Barbara pre- sidio, 451; at Monterey, 483- 484; at San Francisco, 504- 505;-iii, temporary governor, 10, 18;-governor, 646;-ment., 148;-iv, 688, 816;-autograph, iii, 18 Argiiello, Jose Ignacio, first na- tive priest, iii, 343 Arguello, Luis Antonio, leads land expedition, iii, 27, 145- 6 Index 148, 155;-substitute delegate to congress, lSO;-temporary governor, lS8;-deinands sup- plies, 166-167;-forbids prohib- ited books, 170;-aids Fr. Alti- mira, 175-176, 180;-convenes assembly, 185;-Indian revolt, 203-205 ;-calls assembly, 214- 218;-delivers office to Eche- andia, 224;-ment., 135, 152, 187, 194, 207, 232-234 ;-iv, 816 Arguello, Maria Concepcion, iv, 688 Argiiello, Ramon, iv, 183 Argiiello, Santiago, ment., iii, 185, 252, 327, 332, 349, 365- 366, 483-485, 556;-iv, 124, 148, 183, 226, 246, 270, 271, 309, 472, 485, 499, 501, 549;-com- plains of San Gabriel Mission, 637;-treachery to Fr. Duran, 784, 788;-family at S. Gabriel, 161;-differs with Figueroa, 501;-secures San Diego Mis- sion, 507;-sides with United States, 562-565 Argiiello, Santiago E., iv, 472 Arguments unanswerable, ii, 181 Arista, Mariano, iv, 670 Arizpe, Ramon, iii, 267-268;-iv, 419-420 Arizne, Sonora, ii, 293, 314, 354, 356, 365, 431 Arizona, ii, 191, 264;-iv, ceded to United States, 629;-ment., 89 Arizona Missions, ii, 246 Armijo, General, iv, 788 Arming Indians disastrous, iii, 416 Armistice between Mexico and United States, iv, 629, 632, 635 Arm of the Sea (San Francisco Bay), ii, 51-53, 96, 97, 141, 142, ^ 164, 181 Armona, Matias de, governor of Lower California, ii, Ti, 657 Army of Pico and Castro, iv, 485, 557-558 Army of United States in Mex- ican Capital, iv, 629 Army of West, U. S., iv, 551 Arnaz, Jose, purchases Mission San Buenaventura, iv, 459, 463, 507, 509-510 Arnold, Benedict, iii, 358 Aroitac, Arizona, ii, 175 Arrangement, unjust, iii, 390 Arrastradero, Canada del, iii, 143 Arreguin, Fr. Ildefonso Maria, ii, 646;-iii, 257, 265-266, 307, 407, 464-466 ;-iv, 78-79 ;-auto- graph, iii, 266 Arrested, Fr. Sarria, iii, 221- 222;-Fr. Martinez, 286-288 ;-Fr. Mercado, iv, 423-425 Arriaga, Julian de, ii, 4, 656 Arricivita, Fr. Juan Domingo, ii, 298, 351;-autograph, 311 Arrillaga, Jose Joaquin, lieuten- ant-governor of Lower Cali- fornia, ii, 442-443, 455;-as tem- porary governor at Monterey, 456-457 ;-proclamation on for- est fires, 464;-to Fr. Lasuen on war fund, 465;-defends mis- sionaries, 581-582;-golden age of Missions under, 599;-ment., 465, 469-471, 483, 562, 583, 597- 598, 613-617, 621-623, 632, 646- 647;-iii, death, 8-10;-ment., 646;-iv, 816;-autograph, vol. i, 527 Arrillaga, Josefa Maria, iii, 8, 9 Arrival of Fr. Serra in Cali- fornia, ii, 16;-of new friars, 423;-of Bishop Diego, iv, 223- 227;-of first Sisters, Domin- ican, Notre Dame, etc., see Sisters Arroba, or 25 lbs., ii, 38, 528, 643;-iii., 227, 555 Arrogance of Jose Castro, iv, 423;-of the military, iii, 39- 40, 323-327 ;-of Neve, ii, 284, 294-318, 327-328 ;-of Vallejo, see Fr. Duran and Vallejo;- of Chico, see Chico Arroita, Fr. Jose de, ii, 435, 471 Arroyo, Fr., see Cuesta Arroyo de Alameda, ii, 492;-de Alisos, 177, 195;-de Bosque, 96;-de los Dolores, 204;-de Encarnacion, 99;-de Hambre, 98;-de los Huzaymas, 681;- de las Llagas, 402;-de las Lla- gas de N. S. P. Francisco, 40;-de Lobato, iii, 156;-de Nueces, ii, 98;-Verde, iii, 155;- de San Antonio, iii, 155-156;- de San Benito, ii, 94, 95, 99;- de San Cayetano, 682;-de San Clemente, 492;-de San Fran- Index Cisco, 142, 180, 181;-de San Ivon, 49;-de San Joseph, 177;- de San Lucas, 48, 53;-de San Simon y San Jiidas, 49, 53;- de Santo Domingo, 682;-de Santiago, 29;-de Santa Cata- rina, 176;-de Santa Catarina (Walker River), 198;-de Santa Cruz, 48, 144;-de Santa Isabel, 491;-de Santa Maria, iii, 155;- Seco, ii, 177 Arteaga, Ignacio, ii, 161, 220, 304, 321-324 Artemise, Tlie, French ship, iii, 652 Article Six in law of Septem- ber 19, 1836, iv, 187 Articles, five, of Pico, iv, 340- 341, 344;-Fr. Duran's Six Ar- ticles, 431-432 Artisans and mechanics at Mis- sions, ii, 112, 118, 127, 450, 535 Artists wilfully ignorant, iv, 814-815 Arts and trades at Missions, ii, 261-262 ;-iv, 88, 533 Aruz, Jose, iii, ISO, 157 Arzaga, Manuel, ii, 34 Astrolabe, The, ii, 435 Asamblea Departamental, see Assembly Ascension Island, iii, 652 Asceticism, iii, 568 Ashuagel, on Santa Cruz Island, ii, 619 Asistencias, or sub-Missions, iii, 48;-iv, 457 Asnar, Fr. Antonio, ii, 375 Assembly, or territorial legisla- ture, first, iii, 157;-levies taxes, 169;-elections for, see Elec- tions;-meddles with Mission affairs, 176, 182-185, 241, 659;- at Los Angeles, 365;-ment., 214-218, 251-252, 502, 597;-of 1836, iv, 5;-disobedient, 15-16;- with governor, 31;-divided, 31, 51;-subservient, 36;-casts vote for Santa Anna, 284;-decrees renting and selling Missions, 286-287 --wickedness of, 289- 290;-assemMy of 1845, p. 373;- plans for disposing of Mis- sions, 353-354;-decrees rent- ing Missions, 373-375;-com- posed of southern men, 340;- decrees on Pious Fund, 434;- adjourns for want of salary, 471;-election for in 1845, p. 472;-members of last assem- bly, 484^485, 495;-last session, 559, S65;-declares Pico's sales of Missions null, 499-501, 769- 770;-powers of the assembly, 769;-ment., 66, 123, 124, 127, 284-285 Assertion of Pio Pico insin- cere, iv, 495 Assertion of Bancroft unhistor- ical, iv, 141 Assessed, Mission, for Gov. Sola's traveling expenses, iii, 158 Assessments for Hartnell's sal- ary, iv, 146 Assets, Mission, iii, 117-119 Assignment, first, of mission- aries, ii, 85;-iii, 452 Assistant military inspector, iii, 253 Association of Indians with whites, iii, 385 Assumption Bay, ii, 158 Assumption, intolerable, iv, 45- 46, 420-422 Astounding news, iv, 541-542 Astronomical observations, ii, 24, 28-31, 34, 38, 44, 48-50 Asumpcion, camp, ii, 178 Asumpta, site of San Buenaven- tura Mission, ii, 59 Asylum, Church, ii, 185-188 Atheism, French, iv, 699 Atole, ii, 554-555, 560 Atongai, rancheria, ii, 680 Atongaibit, Las Animas Bendi- tas de, iii, 38 Atrevida, The, (Sta. Rufina), ii, 438-440 Attacks from Bouchard, iii, 58 Attacks on religious Orders, iii, 110, 515-517 Attempt to besmirch Fr. Petri's name, iii, 414 Attendance at Holy Mass im- possible for want of clothine:. iii, 75 Attorney for the Bishop in Mexico, iv, 402-405 Attractions for the Indians, ii, 282-283, 373 Audacious legislators, iv, 373- 375, 566 Audacity of Castanares, iv, 294;- 8 Index of Pio Pico, 344, 3S1, 364, 373-377, 445, 450, 455 Audiencia, royal, puzzled, ii, 416-419;-ment., 298, 311, 647 Audiencia of Guadalajara, ii, 405 Augustinians, ii, 326;-iii, 96 Authority to administer Con- firmation, Fr. Rubio's, iv, 186, 663;-see Fr. Serra, Fr. La- suen, Fr. Duran, Fr. Rafael Moreno Authority, all from God, iv, 385 Authority of Fr. Guardian of San Fernando College, ii. 533- 534 Authority to sell Missions lack- ing, iv, 371, 37S, 376, 455, 743, 756-757, 768, 771 Authority, respect of Francis- cans for civil, iv, 385-386 Authors of Mission spoliation, iv, 16, 496 Auto-de-Fe, iii, 624 Auto de Visita of Bishop Die- go, iv, 259, 266, 267 Autographs in fac-simile of- Fr. Abella, iii, 186;-Fr. Alti- mira, 181 ;-Alvarado, iv, 62;- Rev. D. Ambris, 618;-Fr. An- zar, 748;-Jose D. Arguello, iii, 18;-Fr. Arreguin, 266;-Fr. Arricivita, ii, 311;-Jose de Ar- rillaga, vol. i, 527;-Fr. Ar- royo de la Cuesta, iii, 226;- Azanza, viceroy, ii, 509;- V. Rev. A. Bachelot, iii, 6S1;-Fr. Barona, 273;-Fr. Bestard, 45;- Gov. Borica, vol. i, 537;-Fr. Boscana, iii, 260;-Branciforte, viceroy, ii, 521;-Very Rev. J. Brouillet, iv, 616;-Bucareli, viceroy, vol. i, 415;-Busta- mante. President, iv, 223;-Fr. Caballero, O. P., vol. i, 592;- Fr. Juan Cabot, iii, 24;-Fr. Pedro Cabot, 296;-Fr. Cal- zada, 248;-Jose Castro, iv, 487;-Fr. Catala, iii, 125;-Chi- co, iv, 29;-Fr. Cortes, ii, 629;- Fr. Covarrubias, iv, 721;-De Croix, Teodor, vol. i, 524;- Fr. Danti, ii, 488;-Bishop Diego, iv, 262;-Fr. Duran, comisario-prefecto, iii, 335;- Echeandia, 348;-Fr. Escude, 149;-Fr. Estenaga, iii, 215;- Fages, vol. i, S30;-Rev. A. Fernandez, iii, 153;-Figueroa, 499;-Fr. Fortuni, 538;-Galvez, Jose de, vol. i, 328;-Fr. Ga- rijo, iii, 162;-Fr. Gasol, ii, 485;-Fr. Gil y Taboada, iii, 30;-Bishop Granados, ii, 460;- Fr. Gutierrez, iii, 457;-Fr. Guzman, 306;-Fr. Hidalgo, iv, 78;-Fr. Ibanez, iii, 8;- Fr. Ibarra, 231;-Iturbide, Mex. Minister, iv, 210;-Iturrigaray, viceroy, ii, 609;-Fr. Antonio Jaime, iii, 200;-Fr. Antonio Jimeno, 292;-Fr. Jose J. Jim- eno, iv, 20;-Kearny, general, 580;-Rev._ A. Langlois, 692;- Fr. Lasuen, presidente, vol. i, 316;-Rev. S. Lebret, iv, 613;- Fr. Baldomero Lopez, iii, 74;- Fr. Lull, ii, 534;-Malaspina, 439;-Marquina, 598;-Fr. F. Martin, iii, 419;-Fr. Martin, i, S71;-Fr. Martinez, iii, 60;- Mayorga, ii, 290;-Fr. Merca- do, iii, 462;-Micheltorena, iv, 276;-Fr. J. Moreno, 3S6;-Mun- ras, 52;-Fr. Munoz, ii, 623;- Fr. Muro, iv, 410;-Nava, gen- eral, ii, 457;-Neve, vol. i, S14;-Fr. Nogueira, ii, 494;-Fr. Noriega, 4S2;-Fr. Nuez, iii, 39;-Fr. Oliva, 480;-Ordaz, 575;-Fr. Palou, vol. i, 375;- Fr. Francisco Pangua, ii, 382;- Fr. Tomas de Pangua, 602;- Fr. Payeras, iii, 114;-Posada, Archbishop, iv, 211;-Fr. Pe- rez, 669;-Pio Pico, 510;-Por- tola, ii, 77;-Fr. Pujol, iii, 11;- Fr. Quijas, 586;-Fr. Quintana, 15;-Ramirez, Pedro, iv, 204;- Fr. Antonio Real, 393;-Fr. Jose Real, 361;-Rengel, gen- eral, ii, 406;-Revilla Gigedo, viceroy, 464;-Fr. Ripoll, iii, 206;-Rivera y Moncada, vol. i, 478;- Fr. Rodriguez, iii, 203;-Romeu, vol. i, 520;-Bish- op Rouset, vol. i, S67;-Fr. Rubio, iv, 122;-Fr. Jose San- chez, iii, 144;-Juan Sancho, ii, 402;-Fr. J. B. Sancho, iii, 326;-Santa Anna, President, iv, 243;-Fr. Sarria, comisario- Index 9 prefecto, iii, S;-Fr. Seiian, 10S;-Fr. Serra, vol. i, 305;- Rev. P. Short, iii, 6Sl;-Sola, SO;-Fr. Soria, iv, 221;-Steven- son, colonel, 633;-Stockton, 562;-Fr. Suner, iii, 132;-Fr. Tapis, presidente, ii, 647;- Ugarte, general, 419;-Fr. F. X. Uria, iii, 195;-Fr. Vare- la, i, 576;-Venegas, iii, 62;- Fr. Verger, vol. i, 420;-Fr. Viader, iii, 317;-Fr. Zalvidea, ii, 621;-Fr. Zarate, O. P., vol. i, 546 Avenging Angel, iv, 509 Aversion for California, ii, 531, 533-534 Aversion for Mexicans in Cali- fornia, iv, 104, see Mexicans Avila, Jose Maria, iii, 364 Avila, Miguel, iii, 232 Avila, Rev. Jose de los Santos, iii, 343;-iv, 258, 263, 288, 412 Awful indictment, iii, 581-589 Ayala, Juan Bautista de, ii, 161, 165, 325 Ayala, Juan Pablo, iv, 184 Ayamucho, The, iv, 84 Aycuyche, rancheria, ii, 623 Ayuntamiento, or town council, of Monterey, iii, 350-351, 601; -iv, 392 Azanza, Miguel Jose de, vice- roy, ii, S09;-autograph, 509 Azevedo, Ignacio, iii, 585 B Babylon, Asia, iv, 289 Babylon, or madhouse, (San Francisco), iv, 677;-Mission San Gabriel, iii, 571 Bac, Mission San Francisco Javier del, Arizona, ii, 191, 200 Baca, Juan, iv, 315 Bachelot, Very Rev. J. Alexis, CSS.CC, iii, 478, 650-652-iv, 35, 720;-autograph, iii, 651 Back to Mission system, iv, 656 Backsliding, pretext for, ii, 409, 502, 507-508 Backward, Mexico, why? iv, 281-282 Bad faith of a modern writer, iv, 80S Bagaria, Rev. Pedro, iv, 716 Bahla de San Francisco, ii, 52 Bait to attract Indians, ii, 378 Bajio, camp, ii, 176 Bakersfield, Cal., ii, 198, 199 Ballinger, Hon. Richard A., ii, 271 Balmes, Rev. James, iii, 625 Balsa, Indian raft, ii, 234, 503 Baltasar, alcalde, ii, 341 Baltimore, Archbishop Eccles- ton of, iv, 66S;-First Plenary Council of, 693, 697 Bancroft, Hon. George, iv, 564 Bancroft, Hubert Howe, ad- missions, ii, 357;-astonished, 327;-chagrin, 120;- lame de- fense of Neve, 314-315; 357- 358, 362-363;-mis s tatement, 631;-on Neve's system, 433;- puzzled, 54;-on Arrillaga's de- fense of friars, 581-582 ;-on Bucareli, 296;-on Indians, 225, 231;-on Las Llagas de San Francisco, 20S;-on Langsdorf, 635;-on Fr. Lasuen, 597;-on Fr. Lasuen's Respuesta, 552, 581;- on mission system, 351-352;- on Fr. Palou's works, 404;- on La Perouse, 675;-on Fr. Serra, 68-69, 120, 297, 315-316, 597;-on Fr. Zalvidea, 277;-iii, on Arrillaga, 9;-on Bandini, S12-514;-on demand for as- sembly, 356;-on Fr. Duran's Commentaries, 378;-on Ech- eandia's act, 349-3S3:-on Fi- gueroa's decree, 522-523 ;-on friars under administrators, S42;-hostility to friars, 20, 126;-lauds friars, 67-68, 70;- insincerity, 100, 631;-on Kot- zebue, 83;-on Fr. Martinez's arrest, 284-285 ;-on Padres- Hijar scheme, 509-S10;-on Fr. Payeras, 172;-on Fr. Sarria, 568-571 ;-on Fr. Seiian, 173;- on Salvador Vallejo, S82;-on veracity of paisano chiefs, 254, 614;-on Gov. Victoria, 359-360 ;-iv, on administrators, 139;-on Alvarado. 68;-on Jose Castro & Pio Pico, 335-336, 482-483, 491-494;-on Chico, 40;-his collection of paisano yarns, 426;-on confiscation act of Pico, 377-378 ;-on paisano excuse for revolt, 330-332 ;-on lO Index failure of secularization, 130- 133;-false statement, 116;-his History of Mexico, 699;-in- consistency, 376-378;-on Mich- eltorena, 331-332;- on Pico's Missions sales, S02-S0S;-on Pious Fund plunder, 24S;-on restoration decree, 276-277;- on veracity of Vallejo and others, 426, 775, 779, 780;- wild assertions, 141, S03 Band musicians at Santa Bar- bara, iv, 453 Bandini, Jose, iii, 71 Bandini, Juan, characterized, iii, 511-514;-delegate to Con- gress, 327, 501, 502, 505, 506;- in charge of Mission San Ga- briel, S35;-pupil of Padres, 502, 505;-in slaughter of cat- tle, 656-658 ;-smuggles, 134, S13;-suspended from office, 513;-veracity, 254;-vice- presi- dent of colonization swindle, 511-S14;-ment., 251, 252, 362, 364, 476, 478, 481, 510, 515;- iv, administrator of San Ga- briel, 149, 160-163, 183;-op- poses Alvarado, 60;-contra- dicts former mouthings, 497;- persuades Fr. Duran, 368, 372;-plan for sale of Mis- sions, 497-501 ;-denounces Jose Castro, 491-501 ;-rebuked, 273;- secretary to Pico, 335;-sides with Americans, 562, 565;- veracity, 40;-ment., 16, 31, 67, 75, 122, 127, 184-185, 307, 308, 367, 389, 472, 485, 486, 488, 495, 505, 549, 782 Bando y Reglamento of Ech- eandia, iii, 417-418 Bando on bad literature. Gov- ernor Luis Argiiello's, iii, 170 Bando de la Reforma in Mex- ico, iii, 99-100 Baptism, first in California, ii, 28-29;-frustrated, 21-22;-in Anza's camp, 176;-condition- ally repeated, 641-642 ;-when administered, 252, 263, 500, 553, 587, 621;-num_ber in 1790, p. 448;-when administered by Protestants, 642;-by Russians, 641-642;-at San Miguel, 495;- at San Luis Rey, 497;-iii, number in 1832, p. 653;-iv, 86;-in 1846, p. 529 Baptized not free to backslide, ii, 264, 505-506, 586-590 Banner of Fr. Garces, ii, 192 Banning, Cal., ii, 666-667 Banns of marriage, ii, 628 Barbarefios, iv, 234, 235, 790 Barcelona, Spain, iii, 450;-iv, 522, 711;-riots at, 109 Barcenilla, Fr. Isidoro, ii, 495 Barefooted or discalced friars, iii, 96 Barnabo, Cardinal Al., iv, 701 Barona, Fr. Jose, iii, 38;-on oath of allegiance, 244;-death of, 290, 560;-ment., 269, 273;- autograph, 273 Baronda, Jose Canuto, iv, 247 Baronda, Manuel, ii, 474 Barranca de la Olla, ii, 48 Barragan, President Miguel of Mexico, iii, 596;-iv, 90 Barren victory, iii, 406 Barreneche, Fr. Juan, ii, 352;- killed, 353 Barri, Gov. Felipe, ii, 82, 106- 107, 110, 117, 131, 218, 403 Barrows, Henry D., iv. 111 Barrueta, Crisostomo, ii, 121 Barrus, Ruel, iv, 591 Bartlett, John Russell, iv, 648- 649 Bartlett, Washington Allen, iv, 563;-names San Francisco, 267, 563 Bases Organicas, iv, 3, 4, 282 Basketry, Indian, ii, 234 Baton, mark of distinction, ii, 339 Battles at Santa Barbara, iii, 199-200, 283-284;-Purisima, 203;-Santa Ines, 195;-iv, at Cahuenga, 329;-San Buena- ventura, 75;-La Mesa, 578;- San Pascual, 572-573 ;-San Ga- briel River, 578 Bay, Carmelo, ii, 41;-Bodega, see Bo dega ;-Dr ake' s, 7;- False, 27;-Farallones, 16S;-of Islands, 159;-Monterey, see Monterey ;-San Bernabe, 9- ll;-San Francisco, 207, see San Francisco ;-San Lorenzo, 627;-San Luis, (L. C), 109, 366, 598;-San Pablo, S3, 97, 164, 206, 625;- Suisun, 206 Bayoreca, Sonora, ii, 643 Index II Beatification of Fr. Antonio Margil urged, iii, 465;-iv, 78 Beale, Edward F., iv, 575 Bearded Indians, ii, 141, 150, 228 Bear Flag Revolt, iv, 542-545, 547-548 Bear Valley, ii, 59, 100-103 Bears, mountain lions, etc., iii, 81 Beaumont, Cal., ii, 666 Beechey, Fred. W., ii, 251;-iii, on importance of the Mis- sions, 262;-on Mission San Jose, 264;-ment., 240, 259 Beechinor, Sister Marv Paul, iv, 714 Beginning of Mission ruin, iii, 533 Beginnings of a Mission, ii, 512 Beginnings of Sonora diocese, iv, 196 Begrudging Missions their mea- gre funds, ii, 584-585 Belarde, Fr. Joaquin, ii, 174 Belaunzaran, Rt. Rev. Jose Maria, iv, 202 Belaunzaran, Miguel, iv, 204, 669 Belen, Our Lady of, ii, 160 Belgium, iv, 689 Bell, Alexander, iv, 725 Bell, Angelus, ii, 354, 627;-iii, 200;-Poor Souls', ii, 559;-at 3 p. m., iii, 44 Bells, Camino Real, iv, 564 Bells of San Juan Capistrano buried, ii, 169;-disinterred, 214 Bells for Missions, ii, 112-113, 118 Benavides, Fr. Mateo, ii, 375 Benedict XIII, Pope, ii, 396;- Benedict XIV, pp. 297, 476;- iii, 5 Benedictines in Mexico, iii, 93 Beneficiaries of Indian and missionary labors, iv, 512-513 Beneme Indian rancheria, ii, 194 Benicia named, iv, 563;-Do- minican monastery, iii, 408;- novitiate, iv, 692;-ment., 267, 707, 709 Benites. Dr. Jose. ii. 608-609 Benito, Indian, iii, 204 Benson, Sister Mary Frances, iv, 714 Beriel, Jose Maria, iii, 516 Berkeley, Cal., ii, 53, 97;-Uni- versity of California at, 71 Bermiidez, Francisco T., ii, 83 Bernabe, Indian, iii, 204 Bernarda, Dona, ii, 509 Bernardo de Espiritu Santo, Bishop, ii, 644-645 ;-iii, 100, 101, 103-105, 251 Bestard, Most Rev. Fr. Buena- ventura, iii, 45, 84, 174;-au- tograph, 45 Bestia, La, 6 Falsa Filosofia, iii, 220 Bethlehemites in Mexico, iii, 93, 98 Biennial Reports on Missions, ii, 446 Bigotry, ii, 265;— iii, 568;-victims of, 650-652;-at San Francisco, iv, 715 Bilbao, Vizcaya, iv, 525 Biographical Sketches of Friars by Fr. Sarria, iii, 46;-iv, 522, 526;-by Fr. Payeras, iv, 522 Birkhead, Charles M., iv, 799 Bishop-Elect of Guiana, iii, 95 Bishop first proposed for Cali- fornia, iii, 263, 344, 494-495;- iv, 68, 89, 90 Bishop, first of California, see Diego, Garcia Bishop of Sonora, ii, 539-542, 544, 609, 641;-cedes tithes to king, iii, 133;-petitioned to accept Cal. Missions, 55. 350;- refuses, 104, 321;-asks public prayers, 149;-ment., 11, 84, 120, 161. 170, 251. 408, 546, 573;-iv. 60. 79, 177, 186, 190, 259, 523, m Black calumny, ii, 369 Black sheep, ii, 533 Blaive, Rev. Dominic, iv. 690 Blanchett, Most Rev. Francis Xorbert, iv, 613-615 Blankets made at the Missions, iii, 19-20 Blarney administered by In- dians, iii, 592 Blind Fr. Suner, iii, 91, 259 Blind obedience, iii, 101 Bloodless wars, iv, 60 Blunder, grave, ii, 519-520, 531 12 Index Boat upturned at Monterey, ii, 324 Boats, Indian, ii, 234-235, 503 Boats, St. Francis will need, ii, 220 Boast of Vallejo, iii, 592;- Stockton's premature, iv, 564, 570 Bobard, Rev. J., iv, 690 Bocanegra, Jose M., Mexican Minister, iv, 270 Bodega y Cuadra, Juan Fran- cisco de la, ii, 154-161, 304, 321-323 441 Bodega Bay, ii, 160, 207, 634;- iii, 21, 146, 155, 156;-iv, 555 Bodega's farthest north, ii, 159 Bodies of martyrs recovered, ii, 354 Bogus statesmen, iv, 241 Bojorges, Juan, iv, 314 Bolcoff, Jose, iv, 153, 297, 752, see Mission Santa Cruz Bold assertion, ii, 280 Bolsa de San Cayetano, iii, 647 Bolton, Dr. Flerbert E., ii, 43 Bombastic phrasemongers, iv, 488 Bonamic, Most Rev. J. D., iv, 621-625, 666 Bone of contention with early paisanos, iii, 216, 361 Bongioani, (Bongioanni, Bon- giami). Rev. Sebastian, iv, 613, 686 Bonilla, Fr. Miguel, ii, 548 Bonilla, Mariano, iv, 127, 733 Book, lives of Franciscan Fa- thers open, iv, 385 Booklearning and colonists, iii, 216, 361, see Schools Booklearning and Indians, ii, 266, 267, 270, 273, 274, 472- 473;-iii, 325-326 Books ordered restored by Archbishop Alemany, iv, 709- 710 Books or registers kept at Missions, ii, 627 Books prohibited, iii, 169-170, S44;-iv, m, 781-782 Boorishness of M. Vallejo, iv, 773-774 Booty, Church property wel- come, iv, 730 Borica, Diego, appointed gov- ernor ii, 46S;-in error, 465- 466;-angry, 501-502; fair to- wards friars, 497-498, 531;- ideas on education, 473-475;- on Indian progress, S32;-to Fr. Lasuen, 497, 501-502;- piety, 495;-compared with Neve, 497-498;-opposed to land grants, iii, 646;-regula- tions against small-pox, iv, 321;-resigns, ii, 538;-auto- graph, vol, i, 537;-ment., ii, 468, 471-475, 490-509, 514, 519, 525, 529, 536-542, 550-553, 575, 591, 598, 600, 601;-iv, 816 Boscana, Fr. Geronimo, author of "Chinigchinich," ii, 225- 241;-ment., 226, 227, 230-233, 236-237, 245;-iii, will swear conditionally, 244, 269;-(k'- mands passport, 277;-difficul- tics with R. Pacheco, 305;- death, 290, 560;-autograph, 260 Bosporus, iv, 293 Boston, Mass., ii, 158, 441;-iii, 131 Botello, Narciso, leases Mis- sion San Buenaventura, iv, 459;-mcnt., 127, 285, 328, 340, 373, 472, 485, 495, 565-568 Botts and Emmett, attorneys, iv, 731, 733 Bouchard, Hipolite, invades Cal., iii, 58-62;- sacks Monte- rey, S9;-San Juan Capistrano, 59 Boundaries of dioceses of Mon- terey and San Francisco, iv, 710-711 Boundaries, southern, of Cali- fornia, iv, 630 Boussier, Rev. Theodosius, C. SS.CC, iv, 625, 626, 685, 690 Boussolc, The, French ship, ii, 435 Boyle, Henry G., iv, 592 Boys', Indian, grief, ii, 398 Boys de-Christianizcd in Mex- ico, iv, 714 Boys and parents at San Diego object to mechanical arts, ii, 475 Bovs, Indian, serve at altar, ii, 141, 273, 398 Branch, Francis Ziba, iv, 643 Branch!, Fr. Alexander, O. F. M., iv, 616, 617, 685, 686, 690 Index 13 Branciforte, Miguel de la Grua Talamanca y, viceroy, ii, 465, 468;-authorizes Missions, 493- 494, 511;-orders founding of Pueblo Branciforte, 516-529;- ment., 537, 539-541, S4S;-auto- graph, 521 Branciforte, pueblo, ii, 516, 519- 520;-iii, 51, 133, 150, 397;-iv, 128, 129, 298 Branciforte colonists, ii, 520;-iii, 133;-iv, 298 Brandy still, ii, 592;-uses for brandy, 576-577 ;-iii, 571 Brandy shops, iii, 132-133 ;-taxes on, 169 Brannan, Samuel, iv, 503 Bravery of Gov. Victoria, iii, 364 Bravo, Nicolas, iii, 159 Brea, La, iii, 646 Brest, France, ii, 435 Breviary, or Divine Office, ii, 637;-iii, 549 Brebeuf, Rev. John, S. J., iv, 11 Bright prospects crushed, ii, 211, 212 Brignole, Juan Bautista, iv, 616-617 Briones, Marcos, iii, 142 British claims, ii, 441 Brooklyn, East Oakland, Gal., ii, 96 _ Brother Sindico, ii, 372, see Sindico Brouillet, Very Rev. J. B. A., iv, 615, 616, 677, 734;-auto- graph, iv, 616 Brown, Sister Mary Gabriel, iv, 714 Browne, J. Ross, iv, 659 Brutalities of whites against Indians, iv, 318, see Indians Brutalities of Henry VIII and Queen Elisabeth, iii, 627-629 Brutality of Jose Vallejo against Indians, iv, lS3;-of Salvador Vallejo, 313-314 Bryan, William Jennings, iv, 797, 799 Bubal, rancheria, ii, 620;-iii, 22, 23 Bucareli y Ursiia, Frey Antonio Maria, viceroy, to Pedro Pa- ges, ii, 10S-107;-misinformed, 107; approves reglamentos, 121, 279;-sends out expedi- tion, 173;-friend of California Missions, 295-296;-ins tructs Rivera, 132;-friars cheered by him, 285, 288, 294, 331;-to Fr. Garces, 174;-to Fr. Palou, 130;-piety of, 161-163, 295- 296;-reprimands Rivera and Anza, 189;-to Fr. Serra, 161- 163, 171, 173, 213, 216-218;- sends supplies, 130;-death of, 295-296;-ment., 134-137, 140, 144, 153, 154, 160, 166-168, 183, 189, 200, 201, 206, 208, 213, 281, 284, 298, 303, 311, 317, 319, 321, 350, 365, 409, 452, 522, 656, 657, 659;-iii, 642, 645;-iv, 386, 532;-auto- graph, vol. i, 415 Bucareli Roadstead, ii, 157 Bucareli, Paso de, ii, 160, 321, 322, 324 Bucareli, town in Mexico, ii, 246 Buchon, EI, ii, 39;-iv, 123 Buelna, Antonio, member of assembly, iii, 251, 252, 323, 597;-iv, 51, 54-55, 66, 91, 112, 123, 312 Buena Vista, ii, 178, 184, 185;- iv, 581 Buena Vista Lake, ii, 197, 621, 679, 680;-iii, 204 Buena Vista Springs, iii, 143 Buenos Aires rebels, iii, 58 Builders of the Missions and their destroyers, iv, 512, 791 Buildings at Missions, ii, 247 Bula de la Cruzada, or dispen- sation from abstinence, iii, 160-162 Bulas de Santa Cruzada, certifi- cates of dispensation, ii, 658;- text of, iii, 322 Bull of Pope Adrian VI, on missionary faculties, iv, 303;- of Leo X, 303-304, 799-802 ;-of Paul III, 304 Bull of Pope Gregory XVI, erecting Diocese of Califor- nias, iv, 195-200;-transmitted through President Busta- mante, 201 Bull of Demarcation of Pope Alexander VI, ii, 670 Bull in china shop, Benito Juarez, iv, 699 H Index Bulletin American Geographical Society, iv, 805 Burial customs of Santa Bar- bara Indians, ii, 37 Burial, first white at San Diego, ii, 12-13;-at Monterey, 78;-of Governor Romeu at San Car- los Mission, 4S6;-at sea, 151, 166;-of Gov. Figueroa in vaults of Mission Santa Bar- bara, iii, 598-603 Burnett, Hon. Peter H., first governor of State of Califor- nia, iv, 660, 661, 731, 817 Burning of at Mission buildings San Luis Obispo, ii, 209 Burial Register of Mission San Fernando, iv, 727 Burrito, or "Brother Ass," iii, 89 Burton, Henry S., iv, 603 Burton, John, iv, 597-599, 639 Burton, Louis, iv, 234 Business in early days, ii, 591- 592, see Commerce, Trading Bustamante, Anastasio, Presi- dent, to Fr. Duran, iii, 328, 337, 373-374;-not hostile to friars, 344;-ment., 307, 329, 344, 347, 407, 443, 468, 470, 504-505 ;-iv, admits European priests, 223;-ment., 73, 90, 190, 202;-autograph, 223 Bustamante, Carlos Maria de, author, iv, 190 Bustamante y Guerra, Joseph de, ii, 438-440, 567 Butron, Manuel, iii, 640-643, 645 Butron, Margarita Maria, iii, 640-642 Butterfield, Hon. J., iv, 728 Caamaiio, Jacinto, ii, 441, 545 Caballero (Cavallero), Fr. Feliz, O. P., iv, death of, 238, 259;- autograph, vol. i, 592 Cabello, Rt. Rev. Jose Ven- tura, iii, 95 Cabildo Metropolitano, Mexico, iv, 187-189 Cabo Engaiio, ii, 159;-Frondoso, 159;-de San Lucas, 520;-San Roque, 159, see Cape, etc. Caborca, ii, 136-137 Cabot, Fr. Juan, iii, in Tulare country, 22-25 ;-ref uses oath, 244;-testifies for Fr. Mar- tinez, 295-296, 302;-on eman- cipation, 374-375 ;-poor, 558, 567;-allowed traveling ex- penses, S67;-re tires, 567;- ment., 26, 246, 272, 273, 285, 466;-autograph, 24 Cabot, Fr. Pedro, iii, refuses oath, 244;-testifies for Fr. Martinez, 296, 302;-discreto, 465;-ment., 20, 270-273 ;-iv, 35, 72, 82;-autograph, iii, 296 Cabrera, Agapito, iv, 227, 263 Cabrera Bueno, ii, 24, 41, 44, 50, 51, 54, 73, 660-662 Cadiz, Spain, ii, 54, 439;-iii, 94, 97 Cahors, France, iv, 628 Cahuila Valley, Cal., ii, 667 Cahuenga Pass, iv, 329, 335,578 Cahuenga Rancho, iv, 568 Cajatsa, ii, 619 Cajon de San Gabriel de Amuscopiabit, iii, 39 Cajuenches Indians, ii, 136 Calabaza, Canada, iv, 261, 735 Calabazas, ii, 491 Calahuasa, ii, 600 Calaveras region, iv, 315 Calaveras River, ii, 681 Calderon, Jose Gonzalez, sln- dico, ii, 372 Calderon, Fr. Jos6 Maria, iii, 465 California, object of conquest, ii, 3;-interior explored by Fr. Garces, 191-200;-government maintained by the Missions, 269;-settlers opposed to ele- mentary education, 273;-In- dians, see Indians ;-takcn from jurisdiction of the viceroy, 301;-hardships of missiona- ries, 384, see Friars, Mission- aries, Missions ;-military gar- risons, 450-451 ;-restored to jurisdiction of viceroy, 457;- poorly fortified, 465; mission- aries important factors fnr securing, S37;-distrusted in Mexico, iii, 151;-first terri- torial assembly, see Assem- bly;-in danger, 194;-to be called Moctezuma, 2S2;-with- out the friars, 273-274;-saved for Mexico, 405;-Indians and Index 15 Indians of Mexico, 470;-ar- chives, 49S, 5S5;-languages, 609-611 ;-iv, department of Mexico, 4;-a diocese, 90-91, 187;-subject to Archbishop of Mexico, 199;-divided into dis- tricts, 123, 390;-happy under Mission system, 407-408;- maidens and marriage, 413;- Americans and other foreign- ers, 405;-under Pio Pico, 485;- ready to welcome foreign power, 493-494;-new era for, S41;-Republic at Sonoma, 542- 55S;-seized by United States, 550-560 ;-tranquil at last, 581;- demands statehood, 657-659;- coat of arms, 659-660;-ad- mitted to Union as State, 661 ;-first governor, 660;-from what it escaped, 794-799 California Gulf, ii, 134, 192 California inhabitants, majority favor the Missions, iii, 370 California Indian, first con- firmed, ii, 108 Californians, or hijos del pais, or paisanos, iii, 63, 370, 494- 49S;-ordained priests, 343;- guided by J. M. Padres, 339- 350;-playing politics, 106-107;- iv, dissatisfied with Mexico, 52-53 ;-hostile to Mexicans, 52- 54, 106-1 16;-like vultures upon Missions, 286;-abused by A. Gillespie, 581;-respect no law favoring Indians, 112. See under names of the paisano chiefs. Call, last, to arms by Flores against the Americans, iv, 556-568 Callao, Peru, iii, 303 Calleja, Felix M., viceroy, iii, 10, IS, 61, 72 Calma, Padre, iii, 303 Calmet, commentator, iii, 137 Calumnies and motives for, ii, 277;-iii, 83;-worst traceable to M. Vallejo, S94;-new ones, iv, 805-815 Calve, Rev. Jose Joaquin, ii, 641-642 Calvinist preachers, iii, 651-652 Calzada, Fr. Jose Antonio, ii, 423, 601 Calzada, Fr. Juan, guardian, iii, 24«-249;-autograph, 248 Camacho, Jose, ii, 320, 321 Camara de las Indias, ii, 311 Cambon, Fr. Pedro Benito, as- signed to San Gabriel, ii, 85;- founds the Mission, 90-91;- retires ill to Lower Califor- nia, 93, 104, 127;-returns to San Carlos, 171, 178;-at found- ing of San Francisco, 202- 204;-retires ill, 324;-chaplain, 32S;-returns, 326;-at founding of San Buenaventura, 367- 368;-ment., 185, 188, 206, 215, 221, 289, 407, 410, 454 Camino Real, ii, 196, 493, 496 Camino Real Bells, iv, 564 Camp (Portola's) on the Car- melo, ii, 58 Camp Santa Delfina, ii, 44, 54 Campa y Cos, Fr. Miguel de la, ii, 127;-chaplain, 154-160, 165;-retires to College, 166 Campbell, Rev. F. J., S. J., iv, 11 Campbell, Thomas, iv, 732 Campos, Rt. Rev. Abbot, iv, 202 Canada, Brit. Territory, iv, 11 Canada, de Alisos, ii, 490;-An- gosta, 39;-de los Bautismos, 29;-de los Encinos, 27;-de la Natividad de Nuestra Seiiora, 39;-de los Osos, 100;-del Pa- raiso, 177;-Seca, 38;-del Tri- unfo, 27;-de San Andres, 142;-de San Benito, 144;-de San Bernabe, 185;-de San Felipe, 667;-de San Francisco, 52, 53;-de San Jacinto, 667;- de San Joseph, 667;-de San Juan Capistrano, 496;-de San Patricio, 176, 667;-de San Pe- dro de Alcantara, 144;-de Santo Tomas, 194;-de Santa Clara, 33;-iii, de Natividad, 154;-de San Dieguito, 143;- de Santa Isabel, 142 Canadian Tribes, ii, 253 Canalejas, Spanish Minister, iii, 620 Canalizo, President Valentin, iv, 255 Canapui, on route of Fr. Pay- eras, iii, 143 Candidates for governor, iv, 124, 389 i6 Index Candidates proposed for dio- cese of California, iv, 188-190, 66S-666. Candles of tallow at holy Mass, iii, 74 Candlemas Day, ii, 627 Cane, Vicente, iii, 246-247, 295;- iv, 184 Canedo, Juan de Di6s, iii, 277, 407 Canicaimos (Canucaymos) In- dians, iii, 146, 176, 182 Cafiizares, Jose, ii, 14, IS, 18, 110, 131, 164, 202, 205, 206, 321 Canoes, Indian, ii, 148-149, 155 Canonical visitations, iii, 41, 576-577 Cation of San Jacinto, ii, 667;- of San Felipe, 667 Cantil, El, or San Nicolas, ii, 39 Capatau, rancheria, ii, 623 Capdevila, Rev. Francisco Caye- tano, iv, 718-719 Cape Mendocino, ii, 3, 153, 469, 661;-iv, 6S3;-Lookout, ii, 159;- North, ii, 148;-San Lucas, ii, 65. 68, 324;-iii, 443;-iv, 188, 684, 809;-Horn, iii, 131;-iv, 413, 612, 689 Capital of California, iii, 596;- iv, 127, see Los Angeles, Monterey Captain Juan's, ii, 192 Captious critic properly treated, ii, 575 Capuchin Nuns, collection for, ii, 468-469 Capuchin friars, iii, 96 Carabantes, soldier, ii, 571 Card-playing, ii, 565-566, 571 Care-free life at the Missions, ii, 263 Carlos III, and the Jesuits, ii, 67, 649;-orders new regla- Tnento, 327;-calls for war con- tributions, 390;-deceived, 525;- haughtiness of, 649;-death of, 451-4S2:-ment„ 76, 11, 147, 148, 155 Carlos IV, reviews Papal Brief, ii, 605-607 ;-forced to abdicate, 646 Carlos, Indian, taken from church asylum, ii, 186;-must be restored, 188 Carlos, T., alcalde, iii, 585 Carlow, Ireland, iv, 716 Carmack, Senator, ii, 266, 267 Carmelo Bay, ii, 41, 54, 57 Carmelo Mission, why so called, ii, 87, 89, 164, 221, 166;-iii, 399 Carmelo River, see Rio Car- melo Carmelite Fathers at Monterey Bay, ii, 75 Carmelite monastery proposed, ii, 521-523 ;-iv, 222 Carnicer, Fr. Baltasar, ii, 596;- iii, 11 Carping critics, ii, 274, 584 Carpintcria, Cal., ii, 34 Carquinez Strait, ii, 97, 206-207, 625;-iii, 27, 146;-iv, 267, 563 Carranza, Fr. Domingo, ii, 508 Carranza, Venustiano, iv, 251, 580, 783 Carranzistas and Villistas, iv, 107, 582, 794-799 Carreros, Adolfo, iv, 752, 754 Carrillo Brothers secure Santa Rosa Island, iv, 75 Carrillo, Anastasio, sergeant, iii, 33', 195;-assembly mem- ber, 251, 252;-ment., 467;-iv, 124, S18 Carillo, Carlos Antonio, ser- geant, iii, 204; assembly, 252; delegate to congress, 327;- panegyric on Missions, 403- 406;-assembly, 502;-turns against Missions, 523;-takes charge of Mission San Buena- ventura, 534;-ment., 229, 505, 572;-manages San Buenaven- tura, iv, 30;-assemblv. 285, 328;-ment., 36, 53, 340, 343, 373 Carrillo, Domingo, ensign, iii, 300;-member of court-mar- tial. 301-302 Carrillo, Guillermo, ii, 212 Carillo, Joaquin, assembly, iv, 472;-leases Mission Santa Ines, 459;-purcha9es same, 506;-assembly, 565 Carrillo, Jose Antonio, a.ssem- bly, iii, lS7;-signs Bandini- Pico revolutionary pronuncia- mento, 361-362;-assembly, 502, 510, 572;-delegate to con- gress, 596-597;-ment., 613;-iv, Index 17 supreme judge, 127;-returns from exile, 4S9;-inent., 73, 481, S64 Carrillo, Jose Ant. Ezequiel, al- calde, iii, 260-261 Carrillo, Manuela, iv, 236 Carrillo, Ramona, iii, 293 Carrillo, Raymundo, ii, 492, 601, 611;-iii, 650 Carrizal, Pozo de, ii, 176 Carriages forbidden, iii, 44, 86- 89 Carroll, Rev. Richard, iv, 716 Cartagena, Fr. Romualdo, ii, 174 Carta Pastoral, see Diego, Rt. Rev. Carta Reservada, iii, 56 Cartas Edificantes, ii, 458 Carter, Captain, iv, 781-782 Carter, Charles D., iv, 682 Carts, ox-carts, as means of travel, ii, 260, 639 ;-iii, 44-45 Carvajal, Ciriaco Gonzalez, iii, 10 Casafonda, Manuel Lanz de, ii, 653-655 Casa Grande, Arizona, ii, 175 Casa Grande, or S. Juan Nepo- muceno, ii, 49 Casals, Fr. Francisco, iii, 51, 53 Casas Bartolome de las, iv, 11 Case of Hart vs. Burnett, iii, 639 Case, land. No. 402, iv, 767- 771;-No. 412, pp. 759-767 ;-No. 417, pp. 747-759 ;-No. 609, iv. 733-745 Cases before the Land Com- mission, iv, 746 Cash contributions from Mis- sions, iii, 151, 158, see Sola, Hartnell Cash Creek, iv, 593 Cash money at the Missions, ii, 577-579 Casitas, (L. C), iii, 444 Cass, Hon. Lewis, iv, 695 Casserly, Eugene, iv, 695, 733 Castanares, Jose Maria, iv, 127 Castanares, Manuel, agent of Alvarado, iv, 269;-delegate to congress, 284, 293-295 ;-auda- cious tirade, 294 Castaiieda, Juan de, in Castro's junta, iv, 481;-purchases Santa Clara orchard, 508;-in Land Case No. 412, pp. 759-766 Castegue, rancheria, ii, 680 Castellon de Ampurias, Spain, iv, 52 Castilian blood, iii, 130 Castilian means of communi- cation among Indians, ii, 252 Castillero, Andres, agent of Alvarado, iv, 68, 98;-success- ful, 75;-snubbed by Vallejo, 97, 773 ;-delegate to congress, 124, 187, 284;-ment., 67, 482 Castillo, Fr. Antonio, iv, 664, 711 Castillo y Lanzas, Crispiniano del, iv, 223, 243, 475 Castillo, Pedro del, iii, 591, 595 Cast-off clothing at the Mis- sions, ii, 557 Castor, neophyte, iii, 585 Castrense, vicario, ii, 541-542 Castro, Antonio, iii, 157, 215- 217, 350 Castro, Bautista, iv, 481 Castro, Carlos, assembly, iii, 157, 215-216, 252, 323, 325, 502;-iv, 124 Castro, Francisco, assembly, iii, 150, 157, 215-217 ;-iv, 125 Castro, Francisco, pilot, ii, 202, 220, 319 Castro, Joaquin, iv, 751 Castro, Jose, assembly, iii, 251, 502;-acting governor, 597;- ment., 350, 351, 356;-iv, civil governor, 3, 93;-assembly, 3, 5, 58, 96, 269, 285;-president of "Free State of California," 56-58, 91-92 ;-age of, 54;- brave with mouth, 57;-in flight from Los Angeles, 66- 67;-military commander, 328, 470-471 ;-his men plunder Mis- sion Santa Clara, 360-367;- treachery to Micheltorena, 423-424;-orders Fr. Mercado banished, 427;-orders Fre- mont to retire, 478-479 ;-proc- lamation, 480;-calls junta of officers, 480-482; recognized by Mexico, 473. 485-486 ;-opposes Pio Pico, 472-477, 483, 4S7- 488;-abused by Bandini, 486;- appeals to Pico, 491, 546;- levies on Missions, S06;-proc- lamation, 546;-meets Pico, S47-548;-refuses to surrender to Sloat, 5S4;-retreats, 556;- i8 Index spurns Stockton's offer, SS8;- retires to Mexico, 559-560;- permitted to return, 632;-tes- timony before Land Commis- sioner, 733;-ment., 47, 50-55, 62, 75, 94, 97, 112, 124, 126, 128, 137, 145, 307, 312, 315, 325-327, 335, 390, 458, 492- 493, 508, 514, 525, 551, 565, 570, 723, 747, 761, 763, 764, 766, 772, 778, 781, 782, 816;- autograph, iv, 487 Castro, Jose Tibiircio, assembly, iii, 157, 185, 215-216, 252, 323;- petitions in behalf of Spanish friars, 277;-comisionado, 351;- administrator, 534;-ment., 597; -iv, assembly, 124 Castro legislature, iii, 216-217 Castro, Macario, ii, 491 Castro, Manuel, opposes Mich- eltorena, iv, 325, 424;-prefect, 390;-orders Fremont to with- draw, 479;-retreats to Mex- ico, 578;-ment., 481, 547, 558 Castro, Maria, iv, 125 Castro, Mariano, iii, 646 Castro, Martina, marries Alva- rado, iv, 125 Castroville, Cal., ii, 45 Catala, Fr. Magin, chaplain, ii, 441-442;-insulted by soldiers, 531 ;-chaplain for settlers, 542;- ment., 533;-iii, remonstrates, 126-128;-refuses oath, 243-244;- death of, S60;-beatification process, 317;-ment., 57, 245, 272, 636;-autograph, 125. Catalan, Fr. Benito, ii, 547 Cataldino, Rev. J., S. J., iv, 11 Catalina Island, ii, 29 Catalina, The, iii, 443, 471;-iv, 69 Catalonian and Castilian idioms, iii, 43 Catalonian proverb, iv, 117 Catalonian Volunteers, ii, 9, 22, 24, 54, 61, 66, 129, 132, 465, 511 Catani's catechism, ii, 255 Catechism, Catholic, and Pio Pico, iv, 340, 352, 505, 507 Catechism at Mission San Di- ego, ii, 339 Catechetical instructions, ii, 251-255, 627;-iii, 5-6, 611-616 Catechumens, ii, 251-255 Catholic, why in California eve- rybody had to be, iv, 413-414 Catholic Church, Catholic's view of, ii, 604;-butt of un- scrupulous politicians, ii, 285, 314-315;-succeeds with In- dians, 272;-in Spanish domin- ions, 81, 463, 616-617, 670- 674;-nowhere encroaches on rights of secular powers, 348- 349;-supreme in her sphere, 348-349;-iii, Church in Span- ish dominions, lll;-iv, must not be subject to nations or secular governments, 45-48;-in California, 188-189, 237-238 ;-in France, 4S-46;-in Mexico, 282, 419, 663-664, 794-799;-her laws respected by Gov. Mason, 598;-her ruin, nation's ruin, 172;-gains Indians, 654-655;- not mere human machine, 498 Catholic clergy always defend- ers of Indian rights, iv, 413- 414 Catholic and Protestant view of marriage, iv, 114 Catholic sensibilities respected, iv, 590 Catholic religious always sup- port law and order, ii, 285 Catholic religious, male or fe- male, are free, iii, 517 Catholic womanhood, iv, 413- 414, 810 Catholics, indifferent, ii, 439, 676-678;-iii, 619-620 Catholics necessarily loyal to secular government, ii, 604- 605;-iv, 282 Catholics must contract mar- riage before priest, iv, 416, 600-601 Catholics brutally persecuted in Protestant countries, iii, 627- 629;-iv, 114 Catholicity, undiluted, ii, 439 Catholicity of the paisanos at Santa Clara, iii, 317 Cats for San Gabriel and San Diego, ii, 182 Cattle brand, ii, 262;-iv, 248 Cattle contributed for new Missions, ii, 90, 120 Cattle at ex-mission San Ga- Index 19 briel too lean to produce tal- low for a candle, iv, 163 Cattle, Pio Pico's, iv, 764 Cattle, alleged wanton slaugh- ter, iii, 558, 637, 654-661;- iv, 5 Cause of hostility to the mis- sionaries, iii, 319-320 ;-of Mex- ican disorders, 317-318;-of disorders at Missions, 539- 540;-of Indian revolt, 195;-of runaways, 34-36;-of strife be- tween ecclesiastics and politi- cians, lll;-of Indian mortali- ty, ^-30;-of Martinez's seiz- ure and exile, 281;-of Fr. Mercado's banishment, iv, 422-428 Caustic epilogue of Fr. Duran, iii, 400-402 Cavalier (Caballer), Fr. Jose, assigned to San Luis Obispo, ii, 85, 103;-ment., 89, 129, 178, 215 Cavalry arrives, iii, 62 Cayegues, ii, 491 Cayuelas, Francisco, iii, 643- 644 Cedar Springs, ii, 194 Cedros Islands, ii, 12 Celebration at election of new Pope, iii, 218-219 Celis, Eugenio, iv, 508 Cells, Eulogio, iv, 39 Census of foreigners, iv, 129 Cemeteries, Indian, ii, 37 Century of vituperation, ii, 272 Ceremony at founding of a Mission, ii, 75 Ceremony of taking possession of land, ii, 76 Ceremonies at celebration of Nuestra Seiiora del Refu- gio, Patroness of Cal. dio- cese, iv, 260-261 Cermenon, Sebastian Rodri- guez, ii, 50, 55 Cerro de Gavilan, iv, 479 Cerro de Santa Cecilia, ii, 175 Cervantes, Andres, iii, 362 Cervera, Fr. Raymundo, iv, 709 Cevallos, Fr. Juan Bautista, iii, 4 Chaclanes, or Sacalanes, ii, 503 Chagrin of Neve, ii, 313-314 Chaguanosos, iv, 310-311 Chain of new Missions pro- posed, iii, 341-344, 493-499 Chalcedon, Archbishop of, iv, 622, 624 Challenge to Government school, ii, 272 Chamisso, Adalbert von, iii, 82, 83 Champion, fearless, iv, 50 Chamuasi, rancheria, ii, 623 Change, important ecclesiasti- cal, iv, 690-691, 710-711 Change of names, ii, 625 Changes, military, ii, 328 Changes, missionary, ii, 383 Changes among missionaries not to be made hastily, ii, 630 Changes, political, ii, 292-293, 597, 646-647 ;-iv, 281 Changes proposed by Fr. Gar- cia Diego, iii, 578-579 Channel Indians, ii, 234, 589, 618-620 Channel Islands, ii, 618-620;- iv, 75 Channel Missions, ii, 218, 365- 367, 371, 374, 377, 432-434 Channel of Santa Barbara, ii, 10, 32, 65, 90, 92, 217, 221, 225, 326, ZZ1, 354, 398;-iii, 60, 646;-iv, 311 Chaplaincies disliked by friars, ii, 155, 166 Chaplains at sea, ii, 145, 161, 165, 171, 174, 202, 205, 210, 219, 220, 319-321, 324-326, 370, 395, 419, 440-442, 516, 526, 546 Chaplains, services of, at pre- sidios voluntary, ii, 407, 417- 418 Chaplains of the San Antonio, ii, 10;-of the San Carlos, 9 Chaplet of Our Lady, ii. 151 Chapman, Joseph, iii, 364;-iv, 234 Chapters College San Fernan- do, ii, 405, 489, 548, 597, 626;- iii, 3, 53, 109, 207, 248, 307, 464-465 :-iv. 78. 79, 98, 296, 521, 703, 721-722 Chapters College of Guadalupe, Zacatecas, iv, 80, 213-214, 711 Chapter, General, of the Order, ii, 476 20 Index Chapter, Metropolitan, Mexico, iii, 215 Character of administrators and comisionados, iv, 138-139, 216- 217 Character of missionaries, iv, 512-513, 527-532 Character of Mexican Govern- ment, iv, 105 Character of monk-baiters, iii, 247 Character of soldiers and col- onists, iii, 129-132 Character, sacred, of priest, iii, 232-233 Characteristic letter of Fr. Serra, ii, 385-389 Charges, characteristic of Val- lejo and Alvarado, iii, 254, 257 Charges, terrible, against Neve's men, ii, 360;-against Ortega, iii, 584-586 Charges for travel by sea, ii, 544-547 Charges, various, against the friars, ii, 266, 416-417, 551- 590;-iii, 84-87, 254-257, 241, 356-357, 381, 592-593 ;-see FF. Martinez, Mercado, Quintana Charitas Dei urget nos, ii, 388 Charitable to put Indians under friars, iii, 478;-iv, 645 Charts, lack of accurate, ii, 24 Chastisements employed at the Missions, ii, 265, 275-277, 574 Chatham, The, ii, 470 Chavez, Ignacio Cortina, iv, 241 Chemin, Rev. Leo, iv, "690 Chevers, W. H., iv, 747, 759 Chicago, Diocese of, iv, 628 Chicanery of Neve, ii, 312 Chick-peas, ii, 131 Chico, Mariano, refuted, iii, 660- 661, 663;-iv, arrives, 3;-prin- ciples, 4;-prohibits trade out- side Monterey, 19;-immoral- ity, 4, 19, 22, 71;-at Santa Ines, 20-21, 33;-quarrel with Fr. Duran, 21-36;-orders Fr. Du- ran banished, 36-39 ;-disgusts the people, 19-20, 36;-his name detested, 104, 116, 523;-at Los Angeles, 3S;-is banished himself, 38-40;-ment., 41-44, 52, 54, 67, 83, 113, 327, 785, 786, 816;-autograph, 29 Chief care of the missionaries, ii, 415 Chief cares, one of, of military commanders, ii, 415 Chihuahua, ii, 357, 455, 457, 650;-iv, 309 Children in Missions, special care for, ii, 355;-occupation of, 261-262, 564 Children and heirs, position of neophytes, iii, 379-380 Chile, South America, ii, 261, 436;-iv, 624, 663, 711 Chimney Rock, Cal., ii, 193 China, ii, 150, 436, 616, 662;-iv, 790 Chineguis, rancheria, ii, 623 Chinigchinich, a phantom, ii, 237;-title of book by Fr. Boscana, ii, 225-241 Choinoc, rancheria, iii, 23 Choir in Mission churches, ii, 256, 273 Cholera ravages, iv, 321-322, 696-697 Cholos arrive, iii, 62-66;-quar- tered in San Carlos Mission, 64-66 ;-iv, 52;-at Los Angeles, 272;-ment., 321-322, 325-332, 360 Choquet, Diego, ii, 202, 211, 212, 216, 325 Choris, Louis, iii, 82 Choynogue, rancheria, ii, 623 Christ and Apostles excluded from nativist land, iii, 407 Christ, Messengers of, ii, 242- 244, 364, 383-384;-teachings of, 243 Christian Advocate, Methodist Weekly, iv, 715 Christian doctrine before mar- riage, ii, 544 Christian Indians from Lower California, ii, 18, 23 Christianity alone can subdue Indians, iv, 537 Christianization of Mexico, ii, 364 Christian returns for insults, iii, 293-294 Christian schools, necessity of, iv, 713 Christian Socialism, iii, 491 Index 21 Christian truths imparted orally and through eye, ii, 272 Christians and Divine Worship, iii, 579 Christmas in the Missions, ii, 2S6;-on the march, 176 Chupu, Indian phantom, ii, 613- 614 Church, see Catholic Church Church asylum infringed, ii, 185-188;-laws on, 668-670;-iii, 232 Church construction. Fathers not free in, ii, 601-602 Church dedication at Santa Clara, ii, 399-400 Church indifferent to form of secular government, iii, 218 Church goods spitefully de- tained, ii, 118 Church goods exempt from tax- ation, iii, 133, 186 Church property in strict sense, iii, 637;-iv, 23, 339, 738-743;- after confiscation, 216-217;- confiscation of not beneficial, 290;-at the Missions, 683, 727- 728;-due to Franciscan zeal, 395;-efforts to secure formal title, 264-266, 731 ;-ruin of, ruin of nation, 172;-sacred to Relig- ion, 727-728, 730;-once sacred to Religion always sacred, 48;-state of in Cal., iv, 237- 238, 391, 397-401 ;-not sacred to cupidity and irreligion, 286, 730;-testimony in behalf of, 732-733 Church of San Fernando de Mexico, iii, 265 Church of Christ of Latter Day Saints, iv, 589 Cimarones, or runaways, iii, 26 Cincinnati, Ohio, iv, 688-689 Cipres, Fr. Marcelino, ii, 601 Circulars, see under names of respective FF. Presidentes Citizenship, Indians not yet qualified for full, iv, 141-142, 639-640 Civilization in California due to friars, iii, 404 Civil vs. military authority, iv, 125 Claim to Nootka abandoned by Spain, ii, 438 Claiming too much, iii, 154 Claptrap, Echeandia's talk on schools, iii, 397-399 Clara, Fr. Lasuen's sister, ii, 509-510 Clarion, The, iii, 58 Claudio, Indian, ii, 507 Clavijero, Rev. Francisco Ja- vier, S. J., ii, 297 Clayton, Hon. John M., iv, 728 Clear Lake massacre, iv, 314;- Clear Lake, 644 Clear statement of Fr. Duran, iv, 21-29, 489-490 Clement XIII, Pope, ii, death of, 67 Clement, XIV, Pope, ii, 67;-au- thorizes Confirmations, ii, 298 Clementine, The, iii, 651;-iv, 38, 51 Clergy decline to join paisano politicians, iv, 489 Clergy more useful in prayer than in politics, iv, 490 Clergy of the diocese on arrival of Bishop Alemany, iv, 685 Clergy, secular, and Indian Mis- sions, iv, 439 Clerical changes, iv, 689-691 Clerical, as term of reproach, ii, 358 Cleveland, President Grover, iv, 666 Climax of exaggeration, iii, 629- 637, 654-660;-of injustice, iv, 293 Clinch, Bryan J., on Neve, ii, 317 Clothing of Indians at Mis- sions, ii, 262-263, 556-557 Cloverdale, Cal., iii, 147 Coahuila, one of the Provincias Internas, ii, 292:-iv, 283 Coast Range, ii, 96;-iv, 283 Coast, discovery of Northwest, ii, 3 Coast of California, descrip- tion, ii, 660-662 Coat-of-arms of California, iv, 659-660 Codina, Fr. Francisco, iv, 718- 719 Coercion not Catholic doctrine nor practice, ii, 589 Cohochs, rancherla, ii, 623, 682 Coias (Cuit, LHuqui), ii, 240 22 Index Cojat, camping place, ii, 176 Cojo, El, or Santa Teresa, ii, 38 Cold, extreme, ii, 95 Coleman, George, baptized by Fr. Altimira, iii, 256 Colima, Mexico, iv, 617 Colima, Simon, iii, 196 Collection for Capuchin Nuns, ii, 468-469 Collection for Propagation of the Faith, iv, 789-790 Collector of custom revenues, iii, 222 Collectors of tithes appointed, iv, 247;-resign, 256 College, missionary, of Guate- mala, ii, 222, 298 College, missionary, of Guada- lupe, Zacatecas, ii, 246;-di- rected by Mexican Govern- ment to send friars to Cali- fornia, iii, 277, 406-409;-sends ten Fathers, 442;-ment., 465, 489, 496, 580, 60S;-iv, Bishop Diego at, 213, 221-222 ;-gives two priests to Bishop, 222;- resents treatment of Fr. Mer- cado, 428;-recalls Fr. Jose Real, 690-691 ;-ment., 121-122, 189, 227, 297, 411, 620, 669, 672, 699, 700, 710, 713 College of San Fernando, mis- sionary, chapters, see Chap- ters of San Fernando ;-on California conquest, ii, 653- 6S5;-com plai ns to viceroy, 289 ;-con tends for Indian rights, 371;-deserves grati- tude of California, 382;-dis- cretory, 372, 375;-f ounded, 477;-insists on Mission sys- tem, 371-382, 434;-procurator, 219, 247, 579, 647;-protests against pueblo near Mission, 516-519;-resis t s misuse of Pious Fund, 657;-ment., 5, 66, 82, 85, 102, 108, 126, 153, 154, 161, 163, 166, 167, 210, 219, 222-223, 245, 246, 293, 298, 299, 305, 309, 319, 325, 326, 341, 391, 392, 395, 402, 411, 423, 432, 446, 449, 452, 454, 461- 462, 479-489, 493, 510, 529, 541, 545, 547, 551, 582, 597, 717;- iii, under Mexican independ- ence, 108-110;-oath of alleg- iance taken, 151;-offers to cede the Missions, Sl-S5;-pen- niless, 73 ;-unselfishness of, 47, 449-450;-sad state of, 162-164, 447-450;-in peril of extinc- tion, 265-266;-sends last two friars, 247;-yields ten Mis- sions to Guadalupe, 453;- ment, 87, 93, 103, 139, 175- 176, 207, 109, 139, 383, 408, 396, 546, 560, 610, 639;-iv, condition of, 78-79 ;-Bishop Diego there, 202;-almost de- molished, 521-522;-communi- ty at, 521, 702;-ment., 120, 163, 191, 526, 620, 700, 709, 721-722 College, missionary, of Santa Cruz, Queretaro, ii, 108, 135, 137, 171, 174, 191, 222, 248, 298, 350, 371, 392, 405, 477, S51;-iv, 89, 296 College, missionary, of San Jose de Gracia, Orizaba, iii, 50-51 College, missionary, of Zapo- pan, Mexico, iv, 89, 227 College and novitiate at Santa Barbara founded, iv, 700-707; -transferred to the Mission, 719-721 College, Jesuit, at Santa Clara, iv, 691 College, St. Vincent's, Los An- geles, iv, 719 College Rancho at Santa Ines, iv, 263, 684 Colleges, apostolic spirit of, ii, 477-479 Collingwood, The, iv, 550 Colonies in California not en- couraging, ii, 511 Colonies, how rendered success- ful, ii, 514-515 Colonists of Branciforte, ii, 519-520;-iv, 298 Colonists for Los Angeles, ii, 365-367;-for San Jose, 221- 222;-for San Francisco de Asis, 174-179, 182, 201-206;- for San Francisco Solano, iii, 510-511 Colonists exasperate Indians, ii, 352-353;-indolent, 513-514;- spiritually neglected, iii, 6;- Index not taxed like Missions, 192;- aided by the government, ii, 222, 328-330;-iii, 126;-neglect horticulture, iv, 534 Colonists and soldiers attended by the missionaries without compensation, ii, 461, 466-467 Colonists contribute nothing to maintenance of Church or priest, iv, 350 Colonists and soldiers, charac- ter of, iii, 129-132, 506-507 Colonists of the Padres-Hijar company at Monterey, iii, 508 Colony at the Port of San Diego, ii, 18, 61;-iii, S07;-on the Colorado, ii, 352-354 Colonization at expense of Pious Fund, iii, 521 Colonization scheme, fraudu- lent, iii, 504-505, 508-509 Colonization, properly execut- ed, not opposed by friars, iii, 341, 342, 639, 640 Colonization plan of Rev. Mc- Namara, iv, 548-550 Colonization, laws on, iv, 367 Coloma, where gold was dis- covered, iv, 610 Colorado River, see Rio Colo- rado Colorado River discovered, ii, 158 Colorado River Missions and their fate, ii, 335, 351-357, 369, 372, 378, 382, 478 Colorado River tribes and the Coast Indians, ii, 196;-iv, 209 Colton, Rev. Walter, Protest- ant preacher, iii, 631-637;-iv, 563, 728 Columbia River discovered, ii, 158 Columbia, The, first American ship on northwest coast, ii, 158, 441 Columbian citizen, iii, 333 Columbus, The, vrith Bishop Alemany aboard, iv, 682 Comales and metates, iii, 64 Comandante Caspar de Portola, ii, 43 Comerford, Sister Mary Teresa, iv, 714 Gomisionados discourage relig- ious exercises, iii, 581-588;- iv, 430 Comisionados of emancipation named, iii, 484 Comisionados make invento- ries, their charges, iv, 380- 381, 387, 457 Comisionado system and re- sults, iv, 148, 185, 274, 289, 433, 706 Comisionados of secularization named, iii, 350-351 Comisionados usurp spiritual authority, iii, 594-595 Commandments of God set aside, iv, 782 Commandments VI and VII especially distasteful, iv, 419- 420 Commentaries of Fr. Duran, iii, 379-402 Commerce of the territory, iii, 342 Commercialism foreign to friars, ii, 246 Commissary-General of the In- dies, ii, 418, 603, 605, 607;- iii, 4, 45, 52-53, 84;-iv, 303 Commissary of the Holy Office, ii, 542-543 Commissary-Prefect, ii, 297-298, 311;-first in California, iii, 4;- powers of, 4;-term of, 7;- headquarters, 7;-office ceased, 54;-revived, 84;-ment., 407;- office returns to California, iv, 79;-ment., 303 Commissary of the Port of San Bias, ii, 110, 114, 162 Commissioner of Indian Af- fairs, U. S., report on failure of Indian educational system, ii, 267-269;-report on number of Indians, iv, 657 Common sense guided friars, ii, 274-275 Communication betw. Colorado Indians and Mission Indians discouraged by Rivera, ii, 196 Communication, medium of, among the Indian tribes, ii, 252 Communication betw. Monterey and Sonora, ii, 350;- between New Mexico and Monterey, 125 Communion, Holy, not gener- 24 Index ally comprehended by In- dians, ii, 2S3;-iii, 6 Communion, Holy, report on, ii, 627-628, 632 Communion, Holy, on the voy- age, ii, 9, 147 Compania Cosmopolitana, iii, 507, 512 Compelled, no one, to join Missions, ii, 263 Compensation, lack of, for at- tending sessions, causes ad- journment of assembly, iv, 471 • Compensation to friars for at- tending presidios, ii, 466, 467 Compensation for teaching trades, ii, 536-537, 539 Complaint, bitter of Fr. Amo- ros, iii, 81-82 Compline, last part of Divine Office, ii, 478 Composition of first assembly, iii, 18S;-of second, 251 Composition of the Spanish Cortes in 1811-1813, iii, 94- 95, 99 Composition of Malaspina's crews, ii, 440 Composition of the Mission family, ii, 275 Concepcion, Laguna de la, ii, 35 Concepcion, Puerta de la (Fort Yuma), ii, 200 Concepcion, Punta de la, ii, 38 Concepcion, The, ii, 9, 10, 133, 442, 486, 508, 519, 545, 550, 565, 575, 616 Conciliatory policy of the U.S. officers, iv, 596-597, 601, 630- 632 Conde, Pedro Garcia, to Jose Castro, iv, 473-474 Conditions, humiliating, ii, 284 Conditions for colonization, iii, 638-639 Conduct, exemplary, of friars, iii, 563 Conejo, ii, 491 Conference betvsreen Bandini and Fr. Duran, iv, 368 Conference of Fr, Diego with Fr. Duran, iii, 605;-of Fa- thers with Echeandia at San Diego, iii, 237-240, 243 Confession, Sacramental, and Mexican insurgents, iv, 780 Confessional not frequented by the paisano chiefs, iv, 783- 784;-why hated by revolution- ists, 783;-the safeguard of virtue, 780 Confessions, annual report on, ii, 628, 632 Confidence of Indians in mis- sionaries, ii, 522 Confidence of the Mexican Government in friars, iii, 344- 345 Confidential agent for land claims sent by U. S., iv, 728 Confirmation, Fr. Serra em- powered to confer Sacrament of, ii, 297-298 ;-number con- firmed, 400;-Fr. Lasuen em- powered, 449, 454-455, 596;- administered by Fr. Mariano Sosa, iii, 408-409 ;-by Fr. Du- ran, 481;-by Fr. Diego, 605- 606;-by Bishop Diego, iv, 228;-by Fr. Rubio, 186. 663;- faculty enjoyed by early Franciscans, iv, 304-305 Confirmation Register, ii, 300, 318 Confiscation of Missions com- pleted, iii, 530-532 Confiscation of Missions and eflfects, iv, 320, 322-324, 408, 637-638;-made conversions im- possible, 215-216;-burdened settlers with support of Church services, 398 ;-a curse, 98-116, 290;-real object of, 438 Confiscation of Church prop- erty in Mexico, iv, 699;-of Pious Fund, 242-244, 295;-of property of Religious, iii, 87-98 Confiscation and secularization explained, iii, 320-321, 637 Congregation of Propagation of the Faith, ii, 298, 307;-iv, 789-790;-of Picpus Fathers, iii, 651;-iv, 612;-of St. Vin- cent de Paul, iv, 711-719 Congress, The, U. S. frigate, iv, 551, SSS, 563, 564, 568 Congress, first Cal. delegates Index 25 to the Mexican, iii, ISO, 1S8, 159, 251;-iv, 284, 487 Congress of U. S. enacts law on land claims, iv, 731;-adopts reservation system for In- dians, 656-657 Congreso del Estado Libre de California, iv, 91 Conquest of California, object of, ii, 660 Conscience of foreign adven- turers, iv, 413 Consecratum Domino semel. Sanctum erit Domino, iv, 48 Consecration of the first Bish- op, iv, 202 Consejo General of Pico, iv, 486-490 Consolation for the friars, iii; S77, 663 Conspiracy charge, amusing, iii, 572-573 Conspiracy against the govern- ment, ii, 314;-against Gov. Victoria, iii, 359, 361;-against Micheltorena, iv, 325-326 Conspiracy of paisano chiefs against Missions, iv, 62-64 Constitution of California, first, iii, 185;-of State of Califor- nia, iv, 660 Constitution of United States permits no laws interfering with Religion, iv, 60S Constitution, The, U. S. frigate, iv, 551 Constitutional convention at Monterey, iv, 659 Constitutions, various, of Mex- ico, iii, 213, 24S;-iv, 3, 4, 281 ' Consultation of Fathers at San Diego, ii, 107, 188 Consultation of Fathers on Fr. Altimira's action, iii, 179 Contemptible tactics of Neve, ii, 280-292 Contention betw. Bishop Diego and Fr. Quijas, iv, 299 Contra Costa County, ii, 506 Contra Costa Mts., ii, 207 Contrast Carranza's troops with U. S. troops, iv, SS2;-Carran- za's actions with Kearny's, 580;-Carranza's treatment of priests with Mason's cour- tesy, 595-596;-reception of Bishop Diego and that of Bishop Alemany, 682 Contributions from old to new Missions, ii, 8, 247, 453-454 Contributions to Spanish war fund, ii, 390, 468, 540, see Donativo Contributions, forced, from the Missions, iii, 19, 68-70, 123- 129, 151, 236;-iv, 94, 132-135 Control of Indians belongs to missionaries in capacity of fathers to children, ii, 119- 120, 133 Convenio or Agreement betw. Dominicans and Franciscans, iv, 708-709 Convent, first Dominican, iv, 692 Convent of Our Lady of Sor- rows, Santa Barbara, iv, 706- 707 Convento Grande de San Fran- cisco de Mexico, iii, 93 Convents, queer notions about, iii, 323-324 Convents of Sisters, first, in California, iv, 688-689;-at Los Angeles, 718 Conventuals, friars, ii, 67 Conversion of Indians, first ob- ject of Spanish occupation, ii, 132, 415 Conversion with aid of troops not successful, iii, 25 Conversion and marriage of William Hartnell, iv, 146 Conversions, numerous, ii, 167, 498;-discouraged by settlers, 513;-obstructed by bad exam- ple, 426;-rendered impossible by Neve, 331-335 ;-numerous, iii, 116, 226, 316;-rendered impossible by paisano chiefs, iv, 117, 119-120, 215-216 Conversiones or Reducciones, see Reductions, Missions Convicts as troops, iii, 253-254;- iv, 52, 270, 272, see Cholos Convictions vs. notions, iv, 413 Conway, Rev. B. L., iii, 624 Cook, George, iv, 581 Cook's Inlet, ii, 438 Cooper, John Baptist Roger, iii, 283 26 Index Cooperation of Fr. Duran cov- eted, iv, 367-368 Cordero, soldier, iii, 231 Cordoba, Alberto de, ii, 516, 519 Cordoba y Barrios, Jose Miguel de, iii, 97 Cork County, Ireland, iv, 714 Corn-planting, ii, 260 Coronel, Ignacio, iv, 31 Corpus Christi celebrations, ii, 78-79, 85, 627;-iii, 207, 278;-iv, 264, 280-281 Corral, or Santa Rosa de Vi- terbo, ii, 32 Correct sense of Law of Sep- tember 13, 1813, iii, 380 Correction necessary, ii, 342 Correction regarding Michel- torena, iv, 334-335 Corro, President Jose Justo, iv, 90 Correspondence of friars, ii, 458-459, see Letters Cortes, Hernando, ii, 342-343, 364;-iii, 628 Cortes, Fr. Juan, ii, 498, 551, 608;-discreto, iii, 3, S3, 55;- procurator for Missions, 54, 124-125, 211, 247-249 ;-to Fr. Payeras, 84-85, 93-94;-retires to Spain, 266-267 ;-ment., 265, 272;-autograph, ii, 629 Cortes, Spanish, of 1812-1813, iii, 94-95 ;-decrees of, 105-108, 110, 137, 148, 320-321, 425, 467, 487;-decree of Sept. 13tli, 419, 468-469 ;-of year 1820, p. 138;-ment., 135, 140, 148;-iv, 738 Cortina, Ignacio, iv, 522 Cosomnes Indians, iv, 216 Cossack, The, iii, 362 Cossacks, administrators worse than, iv, 103 Costa, Fr. Domingo, O. P., iv, 709 Costanso, Miguel, ii, 8, 9, 11, 13, 15;-to Don Galvez, 62;-on trade regulations, S90;-ment., 22-24, 31, 33, 38, 43, 45, 48, 54, 58, 60-63, 65, 71 Cost of transportation, ii, 280 Cot, Antonio Jose, iii, 450;-iv, 84;-purchases Mission San Luis Rey, 507 Cota, Antonio, iv, 725 Cota, corporal, iii, 195 Cota, Guillermo, iii, 227 Cota, Manuel, discharged, iv, 150, 157 Cota, Mariano, iii, 33 Cotton raised, iii, 80 Cotton-weaving, ii, 536 Cottonwood, Cal., ii, 195 Coues, Elliott, ii, 174, 190, 200, 666-667 Council BlufTs, Iowa, iv, 589 Council of the Indies, ii, 302, 307, 312, 313, 605, 606 Council of Fathers and officers at Port of Monterey, ii, 43, 44, S3, 56;-at Santa Deliina, 43-45 ;-at Monterey, iii, 148, 152 Council, First Plenary of Bal- timore, iv, 624, 697, 732 Council, Seventh Provincial of Baltimore, iv, 665-666 Council of Trent, ii, 644;-iii, 43;-iv, 599-600, 625 Council of War, ii, 117, 121 Councils of the Church on knowledge of people's lan- guages, iii, 608-609 Couriers, ii, 319, 4S0;-iii, 507 Court of appeals lacking, iv, 50, 93, 103;-decreed, 127;-or- ganized, 390 Court of Madrid, ii, 392 Courtesy of the friars, ii, 640;- iii, 212;-iv, 22, 385-386 Courtesy of Mason and Hallcck towards priests, iv, 586, 598 Court-martial, farcical, iii, 295- 304 Court, U. S. District, decisions on Church property, iv, 746- 771 Covarrubias, Fr. Jose Maria, iv, 721;-autograph, 721 Covarrubias, Jose Maria, Pico's secretary, iv, 435, 443, 4S0;- leases Mission Santa Tnes, 459;-purchases same, 508 Cowl, jealousy of the, ii, 406 Coyoehte, Coyehete, ii, 623, 682 Coyote Rancho, iii, 658 Coyotes, wolves, etc., iii, 81 Coyle, Rev. Francis, iv, 627, 685 Index 27 Cradle, or native land, iv, 411, 417, see Nativism Craziest dream, ii, 266 Crazy legislation, ii, 331-33S Credit due the missionaries, iii, 405 Credit due the neophytes, iv, 464 Creditors of the ex-missions, iv, 363, 364, 367, 377, 433, 434, 440, 496, 502 Creditors after Pico, not after Missions, iv, 503, 505, 507 Creek, San Francisquito, ii, 141-142 Cremating their dead, Indians, ii, 156 Crespi, Fr. Juan, ii, 12, 15;-first to baptize in California, 29;- his diary, 23, 153;-zeal, 29;-in sight of Pt. Reyes, 50;-mys- tified, 56;-chaplain, 145-153 ;-at Dolores, 326;-death, 326;- ment., 24-27, 63, 65-66, 72, Ii, 78, 85, 89, 93-99, 100, 104, 129, 179, 181, 206, 207, 229, 240, 245, 246, 402, 620;-iv, 814 Crespo, Manuel, iii, 351;-iv, 5, Zi, 51, 54 Crime of the 19th century, iii, 515-532 Crime, real, of the friars, iii, 662-663 Crime, real, of Victoria, iii, 402 Criminal action of Pio Pico, iv, 504-505 Criminal offenses punished by the military, ii, 275 Criminally stupid blunder, ii, 352 Cristianos, Los, ii, 28-29 Cristobal Oramas, Fr., unwar- ranted fiction about, iv, 810- 812 Cristobal, pilot, ii, 157 Cristophoro, neophyte, iii, 586 Critics, high-salaried, begrudge friars a pittance, ii, 523-529 Critics, malicious, ii, 246, 266, 274-277;-iii, 639, 64S;-iv, 746_ Criticism of La Perouse, ii, 675-678 Croix, Carlos Francisco, Mar- ques de, viceroy, ii, 3-4, 7, 65. 80, 82, 84, 94, 293, 656, 659 Croix, Teodoro de, comandante- general, ii, 289;-appeals to king against viceroy's decis- ion, 290;-writes to Fr. Serra, 293-294 ;-refuses permit to con- firm, 308;-delays royal order, 3Sl;-plans overthrow of Mis- sion system, 3Sl-352;-his folly and bloody consequences, 352-357;-promoted, 405;-ment., 291, 295, 301-317, 327, 328, 335, 355-357, 361, 365, 371, 375, 382, 390, 391, 410;-auto- graph, vol. i, 524 Croke, Rev. J., iv, 696 Cronin, Sister Mary Joseph, iv, 714 Cross, erected at Carm^lo, ii, 57;-Monterey, 58, 72;-San Juan Capistrano, 169, 214;-Port Santiago, 322;-Puerto de los Remedios, 159;-removed by Indians, 159;-inscription on, 147-148;-at Point Lobos, 143, 165, 180;-San Francisquito Creek, 142, 180;-Cerro de San Francisco Solano, 492;-Las Pozas, 492;-Trinidad, 155;- Punta de Martires, 157-158;- Paso Robles, 160;-Santa Clara, 216 Cross, The, in the procession of the Missions, ii, 220 Crouch, John Henry, iv, 224 Crowding redskins to the wall, iv, 652 Cruel treatment of Indians at hands of comisionados, iii, 591;-under M. Vallejo, 306;- cruel murders of Indians by soldiers, 201 Cruelty of settlers towards In- dians, iv, 111-112, 650, 652 Cruelty, false charge of, against friars, ii, 277, S08;-iii, 484 Crusaders, iii, 620-621 Crushing argument against Goycoechea, ii, 577-578 Cruz, Doiia, (with Chico), iv, 19 Cruzada, Bula de la, or dis- pensations from abstinence, iii, 160-162 Cruzado, Fr. Antonio, assigned to San Buenaventura, ii, 84- 85;-at San Gabriel, 93;-per- 28 Index mitted to retire, 128;-at San Gabriel, 177, 215 Cuadro of a Mission, ii, 559 Cuartillo, liquid measure, ii, 555, 557 Cuatro Aspirantes, iv, 112 Cuatro Indigenas, iv, 8-11, 12 Cuba, ii, 296 Cucamonga, iii, 38-39 Cuchillones Indians, ii, 503, 507 Cuculla, Fr. Francisco, iii, 407- 409 Cuera, soldados de, or leather jacket soldiers, ii, 23 Cure-all, modern, ii, 266, 270 Cueros de Venado, rancho, iv, 308 . Cueva, Pedro de, ii, 611-612 Cuevas, Louis, Minister, to Fr. Duran, iv, 429;-vv^arns Pico of war, 473;-directs recruits to be enlisted, 475 Cuesta, Fr. Felipe Arroyo de la, offers aid, iii, 19;-predica- mcnt, 225-226 ;-visits sick on stretcher, 290;-author of In- dian dictionary, 611;-auto- graph, 226 Cuia, rancheria, ii, 679 Culiacan, iv, 121, 521, 673 Cultivated Indian land given to outsiders, iii, 386 Culto divino, iii, 531 ;-iv, 42, 275, 315, 488 Cumuchi, Indian chief, iv, 315 Cupidity in Mexico and Califor- nia, iii, 520;-of paisano chiefs, iv, 637 Curacies, unlawfully estab- lished by assembly, iii, 530- 531;-of no significance to friars, 545-546 ;-very name to be avoided, 580;-iv, 459 Curbing needed by Neve, ii, 363 Curiel, Bernardo, iii, 286 Curious communication, iv, 420- 422 Cursum consumavi, fidem ser- vavi, etc., ii, 400 Custody, Franciscan, see vol. i for meaning Custody, organized, ii, 319 Custody of San Carlos, ii, 392;- of San Gabriel, ibidem. Custom dues, iii, 133;-paid by Bishop Diego, iv, 246-247 Custom, irreverent, iv, 153 Customhouse revenues, iv, 84, 135 Cutucho, rancheria, ii, 623 Cyane, The, U. S. sloop, iv, 551, 561 Cypress Point, ii, 41 D Daily Mission routine, ii, 253- 254, 448-449, 559-561 ;-iii, 263 Dakota, State of, iv, 377, 533 Daly, Sister Mary Xavier, iv, 714 Dana, Richard Henry, on the paisanos, iii, 131;-on Bandini, S13;-arrived at Santa Bar- bara, 541;-on the friars, 541;- on secularization, 540-542;- ment., 413 Dana, William Goodwin, alcalde at Santa Barbara, iv, 36;-signs petition for Bishop Diego, 234;- on San Luis Obispo, 637 Dances, Indian, at Missions, ii, 30, 36, 148, 192, 559 Daniel, Rev. Anthony, S. J,, iv, 11 Danti, Fr. Antonio, arrives, ii, 453;-overscrupulous, 488;-with expedition, 492, 495;-in dis- tress, 499-500;-ment., 506, 507, S97;-iii, 265;-autograph, ii, 488 Danzar'ines Indians, ii, 136 Darien, Bishop of, ii, 245 Dating, fraudulent, by Pio Pico, iv, 504-505, 760-767 Davalos, Rev. Miguel, ii, 325, 370 Davalos, surgeon, ii, 157 David, King of Israel, iv, 420 Davis, Daniel C, iv, 591 Day, Mrs. F. H., iv, 35 Day, St. Francis's, at the Mis- sions, iii, 44;-St. Michael's, 44 Deacons, the first ordained in California, iv, 257-258 Dead, Office of the, ii, 170 Dead and wounded at San Pas- cual, iv, 573 Dearth of priests, iv, 88-89, 391, 395, 409, 612-613, 618 Death, belief of California In* dians, ii, 238 Index 29 Death of boatswain, ii, 146;-of Bucareli, 295-296, 324;-of Fr. Crespi, 326;-Fr. Garces, 353;- Fr. Font, 190;-Fr. Jaume, 169;- Fr. Lasuen, S96;-Fr. Murguia, 399;-Neve, 357, 405;-Fr. No- cedal, 320;-Fr. Palou, 480;- Capt. Perez, 166;-Rivera, 354;- Romeu, 4S6;-Bishop Rouset, 644;-Fr. Serra, 402;-iii, Rev. Bachelot, 652;-Bishop Ber- nardo, 251;-Fr. Calzada, 47;- Fr. Cipres, 47;-Fr. Dumetz, 47;-Gov. FigTieroa, 539;-Fr. Gil y Taboada, 129, 466;-Fr. Ibaiiez, 47;-Fr. Jaime, 277;- Fr. Landaeta, 47;-Fr. Miguel, 47;-Fr. Panto, 47;-Fr. Pay- eras, 171-172;-Fr. Quintana, 12-16;-Fr. Urresti, 47;-Fr. Uria, 466, 568;-Fr. Jose San- chez, 451;-Fr. Sarria, 568-571;- Fr. Senan, 173, 181;-Fr. Ta- pis, 221;-iv, Fr. Abella, 279;- Fr. Arroyo, 120;-Fr. Cabal- lero, O. P., 238, 259;-Fr. P. Cabot, 79;-Bishop Diego, 516;- Fr. Estenaga, 618;-Fr. Fortuni, 120;-Fr. Godayol, 476;-Her- rera, Mex. President, 670;- Fr. Ibarra, 279;-Fr. J. J. Jimeno, 719-720;-Fr. Martin, 120;-Fr. Juan Moreno, 364, 412;-Fr. Rafael Moreno, 120;- Fr. Oliva, 618;-Fr. Ordaz, 686;-Pico's mother, 464;-Pio Pico, ni;-Hijar, 389;-Fr. Vic- toria, 79;-Fr. Zalvidea, 525- 526 Deathbed, appeal from, by Bishop Diego, iv, 513-514 Deathbed scene of the Mis- sions, iv, 495-501 Death warrant for the Mis- sions, iv, 373-375, 445-450, 462 Death warrant, political, of Pio Pico, iv, 445-450, 636 Deaths from scurvy, ii, 12-14;- from cholera, iv, 696 Debts of the Missions, iv, 438- 440 Decadence of Lower Califor- nia, iii, 274 Decay of Missions begins with emancipation, iii, 241, 559-560 De-Christianization of boys at bottom of Mexico's disor- ders, iv, 714 Decision of Mexican prelates on Bula Cruzada privileges, iii, 161 Decision of U. S. Land Com- mission on Church property, iv, 733-745 ;-of U. S. District Court on Mission property, 746-771 Declaration of independence of the Castro and Alvarado con- federates, iv, 55-56 Decrease of Indian population, causes, iv, 320-322 Decree, royal, September 15th, 1713, on rights of Indians, ii, 517-518 Decree, royal, Nov. 9th, 1773, on Church Asylum, ii, 668- 669 Decree, royal, July 23d, 1793, on teaching Spanish to In- dians, ii, 472 Decree, royal, January 22d, 1804, on a Papal Brief, ii, 605-607 Decree of Spanish Cortes, Sep- tember 13th, 1813, seculariz- ing Missions, iii, 95-97, 101, 320-321, 348, 520 Decree against Spaniards by Mexican Congress, March 20th, 1829, iii, 274 Decree by Mexican Congress, August 17th, 1833, seculariz- ing Missions, iii, S18-520;-iv, 210 Decree against religious Or- ders by Mexican Congress, November 6th, 1833, iii, 516- 517 Decree, supplementary, by Mexican Congress, April 16th, 1834, iii, 521 Decree (illegal) of seculariza- tion, by California assembly and Gov. Figueroa, August 9th, 1834, iii, 523-530 Decree (illegal), supplementary of California assembly. No- vember 4th. 1834, iii. 530-532 Decree of Mexican Congress, November 7th, 1835, repeal- 30 Index ing Figueroa's decree, iv, 6, 209, 210 Decree of Mexican Congress erecting the Californias into a diocese, September 19th, 1836, iv, 90-91, 186 Decree of President Santa Anna, February 8th, 1842, taking charge of Pious Fund Estates, iv, 242-243 Decree of Santa Anna, Octo- ber 24th, 1842, confiscating the Pious Fund Estates, iv, 244 Decree of Gov. Micheltorena, March 26th, 1843, restoring Missions to friars, iv, 272-276 Decree of Santa Anna, June 21st, 1843, admitting Jesuits, iv, 282-283 Decree of Mexican Congress, April 3d, 184S, restoring Pious Fund to California Bishop, iv, 434 Decree (illegal) of Pico as- sembly. May 28th, 1845, leasing and alienating Mis- sions, iv, 373-375, 431, 433, 444, 445, 499, 743, 769, 772 Decree (illegal) of Pio Pico for the sale of Missions, October 28th, 1845, iv, 445- 450, 455, 743, 769 Decrees of First Ecclesiastical Synod of California, March 19-23, 1852, iv, 692-693, 802- 804 Decree of Second Ecclesiasti- cal Synod, iv, 713 Decrees of Mexican usurpers against Religion, iv, 794-797 Dedication of College at Santa Barbara, iv, 707 Deer, elks, antelopes seen, ii, 203;-at San Francisco Bay, 52 Defamers of missionaries, ii, 584-585 Defended, Missions, ii, 552-581;- iii, 660-663 Defense of Fr. Martinez, iii, 296-299 Defense not needed by friars, iv, 804 Definidores or councillors, ii, 606 Degrading position of mission- aries, iii, 583;-iv, 49 Degrading reglamento, ii, 423 Degrading, whipping not so re- garded by Indians, ii, 275, see Flogging, Degrees farthest north of Spaniards, ii, 322 Delaware Indians, iv, 447-478, 569, 575 Delaware whipping post, ii, 276 Deleisseques, Olivier, iv, 507 Delegate to Mexican Congress, see Congress Delight of Dominicans, iv, 707- 708 Delight of neophytes at Me- morias, iii, 647 Delmas, Rev. John Mary A., iv, 628, 683, 685 Demagogues opposed to the friars, iii, 566 Demand, unreasonable, of Sola, iii, 135 Demands for permit to retire, ii, 424 Demands for supplies, iii, 35;- endless, 128-129, 166-167, 223- 228;-of paisano chiefs, 344- 345, 374;-specimen demands, iii, SS4-5S6;-iv, 133-135 ;-un- reasonable, iii, 188 Demented Fr. Horra, ii, 508 Demers, Rt. Rev. Modestus, iv, 613-614 Demokrat, San Francisco, Ger- man Daily's absurd story, iv, 806 Demoralization of emancipat- ed Indians, iv, 110-111, 639- 640 Den, Nicholas August, leases Mission Santa Barbara, iv, 460;-ment., 234, 456, 457, 684 Den, Richard, purchases Santa Barbara Mission, iv, 508;- ment., 725 Department of Lower Califor- nia, salaries, ii, 123 Depravity, moral, iv, 34-35 Depredations of Indians exag- gerated, iv, 644-654 Depredations of savages and emancipated Indians, iii, 38, 81;-iv, 638-643 Index 31 Depredations of paisano troop- ers, iv, 360-361 Description of Cal. coast, ii, 660-662 Descubierta, The, or Santa Justa, ii, 439-440 Deserting sailors flogged, ii, 157 Deserting soldiers, ii, 90, 106- 107, 111, 120 Desert travelers perish, ii, 13S De Smet, Rev. Peter John, S. J., iv, 689 Destitute soldiers, iii, 17, 36, 66-67, 83-84, 123 Destroyers of Missions, pupils of Voltaire, iv, 791 Destroying property, friars falsely accused, iii, SS6-SS7 Destruction Island, ii, 158 Destruction of Mission San Diego, ii, 169 Destruction of vineyards, iii, 661;-iv, 5 Destruction wrought by con- fiscation, iv, 107-116 Detachment of the friars, ii, 458-459, 594;-iii, 439, 548-550, 552 Detaining converts at Missions, reasons for, ii, 271, see Run- aways Detrimental trade regulations, ii, 436-437 Dialects, Indian, ii, 227, 252- 253 Diaries or journals, ii, 15, 23, 141-144, 153, 177 Diario del Gobierno, iii, 660 Diary of Fr. Juan Crespi, ii,- 23;-of Fr. Pedro Font, 177;- of Fr. Thomas de la Peiia, 153;-of Fr. Francisco Palou, 141-144 Diatribe of paisano chiefs against friars, iii, 366-369;- of Hittell, 462 Diaz, Benito, iv, 65, 508, 727, 759-766 Diaz, Rev. Cristobal, ii, 34 Diaz, Fr. Juan, ii, 135-137, 352, 667 Diaz, Porfirio, President of Mexico, iv, 795 Diego, Fr. Garcia, sends four friars to California, iii, 407;- with eight friars at San Bias, iii, 442;-in Lower California, 442-444;-arrives at Monterey, 420, 445;-meets Fr. Duran, 447;-at Santa Clara, 452-453;- opposes flogging, 4S5-456;-on Vallejo's complaints, 459-460;- suspends Fr. Mercado, 461- 462;-reinstates Fr. Mercado, 462;-on secularizing Missions, 486-488 ;-ignores impertinent assembly decree, 531;-con- sults Fr. Duran, 578, 605;-me- morial to governor, 578-580;- appeal from Fr. Quijas, 581- 589;-complains about admin- istrators, 594-595 ;-attends dy- ing Figueroa, 599;-report on Figueroa's death, 604-605;- gives Confirmation, 606;-de- parts for Mexico, 605-606;- ment., 473, 494-496, 577, 590, 659-661 ;-iv, goes to Mexico, 68, 186;-report on Figueroa, 69-72;-memorial to Govt., 83- 90, 98;-successful, 186-187;- informe or report, 187-189;- presides at college chapter, 213;-ment., 79-80, 122;-nanied Bishop of the Californias, 189-191 ;-Bull of appointment, 195-201 ;-takes oath, 201 ;-con- secrated, 202;-first pastoral 202, 186;-signature, 203;-noti- fies Fr. Duran and Gov. Al- varado, 203;-appoints agent for Pious Fund, 204;-memor- ial to Mexican President, 204- 209;-visits Guadalupe, 213- 214;-fails to secure priests, 221-223 ;-desires Jesuits, 222;- obtains two Zacatecans, 222;- voyage to California, 224- 226;-arrives at S. Diego, 226;- his attendants, 226-228;-con- fers Confirmation and Minor Orders, 228;-goes to Santa Barbara, 229-236 ;-his clergy, 237-238; -pastoral, 239-240;- Pious Fund taken away, 242- 245;-pastoral on tithes, 246;- pays tonnage, 246-247 ;-circu- lar on tithes, 247-248 ;-abused by Vallejo, 249-250;-embar- rassed, 245-247, 251-257, 256- 257;-appeals to Mex. Govt., 32 Index 2S3-25S;-Pious Fund returned, 256, 403-404;-ordains first priests, 2S7-258;-Confirmation tour, 2S9;-names Patron Saints, 259-261 ;-founds sem- inary, 261-263; - Confirmation tour, 263-267 ;-seeks to secure title to Church property, 264- 265;-takes oath with clergy, 282;-dispute with Fr. Quijas, 298-305 ;-congTatulates Pico, 336;-Ieaves Monterey without priest, 391;-to Micheltorena, 394-396;-disheartened, 398-400; -correspondence with Mex. Govt., 401-402 ;-orders public prayers, 406;-representation to Mex. Presid., 407-410;-ordains priests, 412;-on marriage be- fore seculars, 415-416;-on na- tionalism and politics, 417- 419;-extends Fr. Mercado's faculties, 424-427 ;-ref uses to misapply funds, 441-442;- places Rev. Gomez at S. Luis Obispo, 513-514;-appoints FF. Duran and Riibio vicars-gen- eral, 514-516;-his death and burial, 516-518;-his accounts, 519;-what hastened death, 520-521 ;-ment., 176, 192, 296, 330, 427, 439, 523, 618, 663, 669, 672, 682, 684, 694, 733, 769, 792, 793, 816;-autograph, 262 Dieguenos Indians, ii, 170 Diezmo or tithes introduced, iv, 239-240, 246, 608 Diezmo source of revenue to king, iii, 133 Difference between Mission and Reservation, iv, 656-657 Difference betw. Religious and their enemies, iii, 616-620 Difference between savage and Mission Indians, iii, 405;-iv, 141-142;-iv, 532-534 Difficulties encountered by friars, ii, 227, 244, 252-253, 274, 282, see Friars, Mission- aries Digger Indians, ii, 224, 226;-iv, 652 Dilatavit infernus os suum, iii, 517 Dilemma of Fr. Garces, ii, 194, 198;-of Fr. Serra, 304, 318, 339;-of missionaries, iv, 7, 12- 13 Dinner with savages, ii, 156 Diocese of California erected, iv, 90, 186;-state of, 391, 397- 401 Diocese of Sonora, ii, 541;-iv, 196 Dios y Libertad, origin of, iii, 209;-used by FF. Suner, Peiri, MansJUa, 278-279 Diplomatic relations broken off, iv, 473 Diputacion, or legislative as- sembly, iii, 169;-iv, 51 Disagree, Vallejo and Alvarado, iv, 125 Disagreeable necessity, man- agement of temporalities, ii, 383-385 Disagreeable remonstrances, iv, 95-96 Disappointment of neophytes, iii, 647 Discalced religious, iii, 96 Disciples of Voltaire, iv, 580, 782, 784 Discipline, military, and Val- lejo, iv, 96 Discontent of Indians, iii, 210- 211;-iv, 17-18 Discord betw. ecclesiastics and the military, ii, 348-349 Discord among paisano chiefs and followers, iv, 485-494, 557 Discount, heavy, iii, 560-561 Discouraging letters, iii, 370- 371;-iii, 162-164 Discoverer of San Francisco Bay, ii, 51 Discoveries on northwest coast, ii, 3, 147-160 Discovery of gold, iv, 609-610 Discovery of Monterey an- nounced in Mexico, ii, 79 Discovery, The, ii, 469-470 Discrepancies in dates, iv, 276 Discretory, ii, 377, 382, 405;-se- rious error of, 481-482 Discretos or college councillors, ii, 382, 597, 626;-iii, 465;-iv, 213, 722 Discrimination, unjust, iii, 193;- iv, 135 Index 33 Diseases, Indian, causes of, ii, 237-238, 608-610, 633;-iv, 321, see Galico Disgraceful state of things, iii, 331 Disgust of the people, iv, 483 Disheartened missionaries, ii, 383-390, 531;-iii, 226, 228-231, 233, 234, 374-377 ;-iv, 297-298, 578-379 Dishonorably taking advantage of Indian helplessness, iii, 386 Disillusioned missionaries, ii, 286 Disinterestedness of the friars, ii, 347, 379, 466-467 ;-iii, 114- 117, 344, 420, 54«-S50 Dislovaltv, charge of, resented, iv, 419 " Disobedient legfislators, iv, 15- 16 Disorderly soldiers, iv, 485;-due to Pico and Castro, 423 Disorders in Mexico, iv, 109, 794-799 Disorders liable to occur, ii, 275 Disorders due to Xeve's med- dling, ii, 340-344 Dispensation from abstinence, ii, 592;-iii, 160 Dispute between Fr. Serra and Xeve, ii, 338;-between Bishop Diego and Fr. Quijas, iv, 298- 305 Disputes between missionaries and the militarv, ii, 104-105, 196-197, 603-608;-how to avoid them, 415 Disregard for human life, ii, 240-241;-for Indian rights, 516-520 Disrespect of soldiers for priests, ii, 183, see Soldiers Dissensions among Mexicans under Flores, iv, 575-576 Dissolute soldiers cause of dis- orders, iii, 35;-iv, 485 Distance required between Mis- sion and colony, ii, 515 Distance betw. San Gabriel and the Colorado, ii, 317 Distress in the Missions, ii, 100:-iii, 74-76 Distribution of missionaries, ii, 85, 215;-iii, 452 Distribution of rentals, iv, 468- 469 Districts, territorial, iv, 390 Dividing line betw. Upper and Lower California, ii, 598 Divine Office, ii, 560 Divine ^\'orship and genuine Christians, iii, 579;-amount granted for. 531 ;-deemcd ex- cessive, 578-579 Division, unjust, of Mission lands, iii, 392-393 Dixon's Channel, ii, 149 Doctor Pedro Prat, ii, 9, 83 Doctrina or religious instruc- tions, ii, 83, 252, 254-255, 283, 401;-in Spanish a folly, 553;- in Indian, iii, 42-43 ;-ment., 263, 472. 623 Doctrinas or Indian pueblos, ii, 345;-iv, 301 Doctrineros, iv, 301 Document buried at Carmelo, ii, 57-58;-at Point Lobos, 165 Document, precious, iv, 42-50 Documentos of Pio Pico, iv, 366, 368. 386, 441 Dole, WilUam P., iv, 654 Dolor de costado, ii, 613 Dolores, Arroyo de los, ii, 181;- Laguna de los. ii, 204 Dolores, Mexico, ii. 648 Dolores Mission, San Francis- co, ii, 209-281 ;-Vancouver at, 469;-procession at, 322.-iv, 296, 615. 715, 775 Dolores River, ii, 62 Dolores, Xuestra Senora de los. River, ii, 681 Domestic infelicity' of Fages, ii, 408. 415. 422 Dominguez, Juan Jose, iii, 646 Dominguez, Manuel, iii, 252;- iv. 280 Dominicans receive Lower Cal., ii. 102, 108, 127 -dispute with Xeve, 2S7;-ment., 453. 456;-at Benicia, iii, 408;-iv, in Low. Cal., 188, 219, 521. 516, 676;- rejoice at founding of Fran- ciscan college, 707-708 ;-ment., 241. 259, 294, 603. 604, 686, 700 Dominican chapter, Rome, iv, 666 Dominican province and novi- tiate established, iv, 692 Dominican Sisters, first, in Cal- ifornia, iv, 682, 688-690 34 Index Dominus det vobis paccm, ii, 472;-iii, 447 Donados or Tertiaries Regular, iii, 52 Donations forced, iii, 70, 117- 119, 123-129, 167-168;-volun- tary, 70;-to Gov. Sola, iii, 1S8 Donations to Fr. Serra, ii, 126 Donativo or war contributions, ii, 465-466, 647 Donors of Pious Fund, iv, 242 Don Quixote of Cal., iv, 430, 781 Dos Palabritas, iv, 8-13 Dos Pueblos, Indian villages, ii, 37;-iii, 201 Doubet, Rev. Peter Joseph, iv, 627, 685 Doyle, John T., edition of Pa- lou's Noticias, ii, 65, 148, 404;- in "Century," 471 ;-iv, 695, 733 Doyle, Sister Mary Sebastian, iv, 697 Drafts for supplies, ii, 591;-iii, 19, 36;-unpaid, 69-73 ;-worth- less, 124-125, 135, 138, 140, 167, 210, 235, 314, 454;-amount due, 115, 171, 338 Drake's Bay, ii, 7, 50, 55, 661 Drav/back to history, ii, 458-459 Dreary toil at Missions, ii, 498 Dreadful sufferings, ii, 45 Dress of Indian neophytes, ii, 262-263, 556-557 ;-of savages, 15, 33, 193, 228 Drouth, iii, 165 Drunkenness, iii, 132-133 ;-iv, 110, 637, 650 Duarte, Mariano, iii, 317, 354 Duggan, Sister Mary Clare, iv, 714 Dugout at Carmelo, ii, 163-165 Dullness of Indians, ii, 252-255, 266, 532 Dumetz, Fr. Francisco, arrives, ii, 84;-assigned, 85, 89;-per- suades deserters to return, 90;-goes to Lower California for supplies, 100, 104, 164;-at San Carlos, 104, 299;-wel- comes Fr. Palou, 129;-goes to San Antonio, 171;-authorized to confirm, 455;-first mission- ary of San Fernando, 496;- ment., 146, 178, 185 Dumiel, Rev. John, at San Rafael, iv, 690 Du Monteil, Rev. John Caspar, C. SS. CC, iv, 627, 685 Duplicity of Echeandia, iii, 260- 261, 394 Duran, Jose Maria, Acting Min- ister of Eccl. Affairs, iv, 672- 673 Duran, Fr. Narciso, ii, 642, 645;- iii, expedition to Sacramento River, 27;-at founding of San Rafael, 31;-at Mission San Jose, 165-166, 188 and aftcr;- named presidente, 207;-corre- spondence with FF. Sarria and Tapis, 217-221 ;-refuses oath, 222-223 ;-complains of burdens on Indians, 188, 225, 236;-term expires, 249;-con- soles Fr. Sanchez, 250;-pro- poses Bishop, 263, 494-495;- report, 264;-refuses order of Echeandia, 222, 268;-his age, 272;-to Mexican Presid., 281;- elected presidente, 307, 329, 408;-to Mex. President, 304, 328-334;-loathes to stay, 330, 410;-to Echeandia, 336-337;- declines aid till soldiers are succored, 337-338;-proposes Missions east, 341-342, 493- 494;-to be banished, 307,344;- on Victoria, 361 ;-comments on Echeandia's scheme, 379- 342;-circular on emancipation, 374;-to Fr. Peiri, 410-411;- demands passport, 412;-un- masks Echeandia and cliaue, 421-441 ;-love for College, 499;- at Santa Barbara, 452;-circu- lar on Zacatecans, 447-452;- welcomes Figueroa, 447;-on transfer of Missions, 453-454; -visits south, 477-480;-on In- dians at T.os Angeles, 477- 479;-pre s iden te and vice- comisario prefecto, 465-466;- on Figueroa's Reglamento, 480-481 ;-circular on Regla- mento, 481;-reply to Figue- roa's secularization plan, 488- 495;-on northern Missions, 538-S40;-laconic remark on Mex. decree, 517;-feels for the friars, 542-543 ;-circular for case of death, 542-548;- Latin circular, 548-550;-eager Index 35 to drop temporalities, 520, 5Sl-5S2;-to be banished, 565;- on wine and brandy, 571;-of- fended by Fr. Ordaz, 573- S76;-indignant at charge of disloyalty, 573;-appealed to by Figueroa, 553-555 ;-vicario foraneo, 573;-meets Fr. Diego, 578;-accepts Very Rev. Bache- lot, 651;-warned by assem- bly, 6S9;-ment., 106, 156, 179, 181, 184, 247, 273, 288, 407- 409, 420, 453, 486, 496, 498, 516, 532, 538, 577, 584, 598, 601, 605, 660-661 ;-iv, difficul- ties with Chico, 21-30;-or- dered banished by Chico, 36- 39;-fearless statement, 21-29;- his writings, 42, 50;-on Di- vine Worship, 42-50;-hi3 pop- ularity, 60-65 ;-saves Califor- nia from war, 64-65 ;-comi- sario prefecto, 79, 396, 521;- takes oath with friars, 15, 80- 81 ;-appalling description, 98- 117;-why rudely treated by Vallejo, 97, 773-777, 781-782;- congratulates Alvarado, 76;- urges Fr. Diego to proceed to Mexico, 68;-his affection for Fr. Riibio, 80, 116-117;-way to satisfy colonists, 107-108;- vicario foraneo, 120;-in charge of Santa Barbara, 150-151, 157-159 ;-report on San Ga- briel and San Luis Rey, 162- 163, 179-180 ;-wants to leave Cal., 113, 116, 118, 158-159, 163;-on Alvarado's new Reg- lamentos, 147, 170-177;-re- fuses fixed income, 175-176;- ill at Aguirre's, 174;-incensed at Pio Pico, 159-160, 179- 182;-proposes Bishop, 186;- directs friars to submit to Bishop, 238-239;-acts for Bishop, 258;-circuIar on re- stored Missions. 277-279 ;-in- dignant protest, 293;-report of 1844, pp. 322-324;-declines to cooperate with Pico in sale of Missions, 346, 347, 351, 354, 368, 385, 443;-on Pico's 5 articles, 340-351;- deceived, 368-384;-confesses his error, 384-3?5;-misjudges Fr. Este- naga, 365-367 ;-his Six Arti- cles, 431-432;-his solicitude for neophytes, 62-64, 91, 118, 383, 454-455, 458, 464, 466-469;- defends Indian rights, 12-15, 50, 83, 107, 118-119, 185-186, 523-S24;-strange circular, 354- 355;-offended and appeased, 386-387;-on Hijar's death, 389;-on liberty to Indians, 382-383 ;-disgusted, yet loves, 452-4S4;-resents charge of dis- loyalty, 419;-appeals to Mex- ican Govt., 428-429 ;-aroused about sale of Mission, 465- 466;-too candid toward secu- lar officials, 386;-to Pico on Pious Fund, 436-441 ;-circular on delivering Missions, 382;— to Pico on transfer of Mis- sion Santa Barbara, 457-458;- on rentals, 461-463, 468-469;- invited to join Pico's junta, 4«9;-Iast letter, 468-469 ;-yields San Luis Obispo to Bishop, 513;-illness and death, 489, S22;-character of, 522-523 ;-a Godsend, 523;-esteemed by Superiors and people, 523- 524;-abused by Alvarado, 784- 789;-on land grants of Alva- rado. 789;-orders collection for Propagation of Faith, 789- 790;-ment., 20, 39, 82, 107, 121, 122, 144, 174, 203, 229, 236-237, 265, 273, 282. 295, 296, 299, 301, 336, 337, 353, 377, 380, 381, 386, 440, 463, 484, 514-515, 516-518. 596, 672, 673, 703, 706, 776, 793, 815;- autograph, iii, 335. Durango, ii. 292;-iii, 151, 159;- iv, 196, 283, 518, 793 Duruy, Victor, iii, 629 Duties paid by Missions, iii, 140-141 Duty shirked, iv, 391, 395 Dwinelle, John W., iii, 320, S31;-iv. 657 Dying "Mission Giant," iv, 286 E. Eagueya, rancheria, ii, 623 Earnings and stipends of friars used for neophytes, ii, 248, 36 Index 459, 461, 466, 540, 577-579, 636;-iii, 114-115, 393-394, 420, 434-435, 556 Earthly medicine refused by Fr. Serra, ii, 397 Earthquakes, ii, 30-33 ;-y ear of, iii, 16 Easter Duty, ii, 543;-iii, 316- 317 Ecclesiastical conference in Mexico, iii, 161 Ecclesiastical head of both Cal- ifornias, iv, 186 Ecclesiastical jurisdiction, inde- pendence of, iv, 44-47 Ecclesiastical privileges, iv, 724;-property, see Church property Ecclesiastical Synod, first, Cal- ifornia, iv, 693, 732, 802-804 Eccleston, Most Rev. Samuel, Archb. of Baltimore, iv, 665- 666, 731 Echeandia, Jose Maria de, in- solent demand, iii, 222, 236;- false report, 225, 241;-bcgins "reforms," 224;-propo se s "emancipating'' neophytes, 239-241;-demands oath of friars, 237, 243;-Moctezuma for California, 252;-wants Fr. Sarria exiled, 267-269 ;-arrests and exiles Fr. Martinez, 280- 305;-successor named, 321- 323, 327;-on schools, 325-326, 397-399;-usurpation, 334;-plans to confiscate Missions, 320, 322-323, 347-353, 383-384, 417- 418, 504;-governor in south, 366, 41S;-arms Indians, 416;- bando reviewed by Fr. Du- ran, 422-441 ;-deceives Indians, 434-435, 437;-distorts law o* 1813, p. 467;-departs, 471;- ment., 223-224. 234-235, 251- 254, 259-262, 268, 269, 273-277, 282-288, 290-291, 303-307, 316- 328, 333, 343-344, 346-347, 353, 365, 373, 377, 383, 389, 412, 417, 419, 421, 445, 451, 454, 466, 467, 470, 471, 484, 492, 502, 503, 523, 536, 538, 540, 556, 559-560, 566, 576-577, 594, 598, 612, 629, 631;-iv, hombre vicioso, 105;-his Indian eman- cipation, 100;-Echeandia, Fi- gueroa and Pico, 375-376;- cause of disorders, 306-307, 310;-animosity to friars, 637;- ment., 8, 13, 17, 32, 116, 252, 286, 376, 378, 420, 466, 504, 596, 816;-autograph, iii, 348 Echeveria, Agustin de, ii, 370 Echeveste, Juan Jose, ii, 121, 132;-Reglamento, 279-281,285, 288-290, 327,. 335 Ecuador, ii, 160 Ecsaa, rancherla, ii, 623 Edgecombe Mt., ii, 159 Edict of Chico on Indians, iv, 17 Education, ii, 242-244;-true and false, 266-267 ;-means to end, 272;-higher in Indian schools a failure, 271-272;-suitablc and not suitable, 270-274;-Borica's idea, 475;-Micheltorena's idea, 332-334;-in 1846, p. 485 Educators, modern, ill in- formed on Indians' needs, ii, 274 Effects of conciliatory policy, iv, 596 Effects of French infidelity, iii, 543;-of Indian emancipation, 434-435, see Emancipation ;- of secularization in Sonora, 392;-in California, see Secu- larization ;-of revolts in Mex- ico, 16-21 ;-of reading Vol- taire, iv, m, see Voltaire Egenal, iii, 143 Egepam, iii, 143 Egidos or vacant lots, iii, 474, 476 Eguren, Francisco, iv, 481 Ehiaja, rancheria, ii, 623 Eizarch, Fr. Tomas, ii, 174, 176, 189, 193 El Cajon or Santa Monica, iii, 142 EI Cojo, ii, 38 Elcuanam, iii, 143 Eldredge, Zoeth S., iv, 634 Elections for Indian alcaldes, ii, 336-346, 426, 540-541 Elections, first in Cal., iii, 150;- for first assembly, lS7;-for others, 252, 327, 501-502, 597;- iv, 5, 41, 123-124, 284-285 ;-f or last, 471-472 Elections for temp, gov., iii, 157-158;-for congress, see Index 37 Congress ;-f or Pico's Junta, iv, 487 Elections ordered by Stockton, iv, S62;-at Yerba Buena, S63;-for Constitutional Con- vention, 6S8;-for first State officials, 660 Elementary branches at Mis- sions, ii, 273 El Eusebio, ii, 543 Elias, Mt. St., ii, 322 Elisa, Francisco, ii, 438 Elisabeth of England, iii, 62S- 629 Elks hunted, ii, 203 EI Monte (of Fr. Garces), ii, 195 Elogio of Uribe, ii, 296 El Pilar (land grant), iii, 646 El Principe, see The S. Antonio El Principio River, ii, 155 Emancipation of Indians pro- posed, iii, 239-240 ;-as under- stood by Indians, 241, 323, 347;-grave results, 240-241, 348, 375-376, 380-381, 497-498; -at Los Angeles, 477-478 ;-at San Juan Capistrano, San Diego, San Luis Rey, 484;- not desired by neophytes, 351-352, 483-484;-emancipated and not emancipated com- pared, 504;-Fr. Duran's cir- cular on, 374;-opinions of FF. P. Cabot, J. Jimeno, Jose Sanchez, 374-376;-not wanted by neophytes ;-iv, 316-317;- consequences of, 636-640;-a crime, 316 Emancipated Indians sent adrift, iv, 647-650 ;-at Los Angeles, 648-649 ;-not qualified for full citizenship, 141-142, 637-640 Emancipated from God's law, iii, 318 Embarrassment of Bishop Diego, see Diego ;-of Bishop Alemany, iv, 687;-of the friars, 430-431 ;-of paisano con- spirators, 15-16 Emllio of Rousseau, iii, 544 Emmitsburg, Md., iv, 697, 718 _ Emoidas, Vicente Madero, iii, 516 Emory, W. H., on hardships of Kearny's expedition, iv, 569- 572;-on force at San Pascual, 574;-first to express suspicion on mission property, 581;-at San Luis Rey and San Juan Capistrano, 582 Emperor Charles V, ii, 336-337 Emphyteusis, iv, 348-349, 351, 369 Encarnacion, Arroyo de, ii, 95, 99 Encino Valley, ii, 491, 496 Encouraged Fathers, ii, 428-429 Encroachments of secular au- thority, ii, 348-349;-on rights of Indians, iii, 385;-iv, 379 Endless demands, iii, 318 Enemy of friars, ii, 330-331 ;-iii, 513 Engelhardt (geologist), iii, 82 England persecutes Catholics, ii, 391;-ment., iv, 129, 172, 414, 493, 622 English and American immi- grants, iii, 14S;-as husbands, iv, 414 English-speaking priests needed, iv, 618-622 English traders, iii, 168 English vice-consul, iv, 415 Enlightenment so-called, iii, 543 Enramadas, ii, 32, 75, 204, 368 Ensenada de Asuncion, ii, 158;- de los Llorones, 180, 204 Enthusiasm for Mexican cause lacking, iv, 557-558, 576 Entradas or exploring tours of Fr. Garces, ii, 135, 191-200 Epidemic of pneumonia, ii, 613 Epidemics partial cause of In- dian decrease, iv, 120, 321-322 Epilogue, caustic, of Fr. Duran, iii, 400-402 Equipment of presidios, ii, 465 Era, new, for California, iv, 541 Error of Fr. Duran, iv, 374, 384-385 Error of Fr. Serra and others regarding stipends and ra- tions, ii, 289 Escalante, Estevan Velez de, sindico, iii, 209;-faithless, 248, 266 Eschscholtz, Dr. John Fr., iii, 82 Eschscholtzia, or California Poppy, iii, 82 Escrituras de Venta, or title deeds, specimen, iv, 509-511 38 Index Escude, Fr. Jayme, iii, 16, 23, 128;-autograph, 149 Esecha Valley, ii, 490 Espanol, claim of being, iii, 130 Espi, Fr. Jose de la Cruz, ii, 441, 504, 542, 547 Espinosa, Juan Jose, iii, 407 Espinosa, Rafael, iv, 668 Espionas, Salvador, iv, 152 Estabrook, E., on Alvarado, iv, 268-269 Estado Libre y Soberano de la Alta California, iv, 56-59, 91 Estanislao, Indian leader, iii, 305-306 ;-iv, 311 Estefano, Indian, iv, 452 Estenaga, Fr. Thomas Eleuterio, arrives, iii, 56, 84;-celebrates Constitution, 215-216;-praised by Mexican Govt., 216;-re- fuses oath, 244;-transferred to San Gabriel, 452;-charged with conspiracy, 572;-ment., 272, 273, 451, 57S;-iv, carried off by savages, 108;-flees to Sonora, 115;-describes pov- erty at San Gabriel, 160-163;- takes oath, 282;-defends him- self, 357-358, 367;-reproved unjustly, 366 ;-ref uses to sur- render Mission without or- ders, 383-384 ;-in distress, 463; -distracted, 637;-death of, 618; -autograph, iii, 215;-ment., 35, 237, 258, 279, 323, 515, 525, 775, 779-780, 784-785, 788 Estero de la Merced, ii, 207;- of Petaluma, 62S;-iii, del Americano, 155, 156;-de Her- rera, 156;-de San Juan Fran- cisco Regis, 156;-de San Pab- lo. 156;-de San Rafael, 146, 15S;-de Tamales, 156 Estevanell, Ignacio, ii, 107 F.stevez, Fr. Jose, ii, 375 Estorace, Jorge, ii, 13 Estrada, Jose Ant., iv, 125 Estrada, Jose Mariano (not Maria"), ii, 646;-iii, 8-9, 148, 185, 203, 204, 251 Estrada, Jose Ramon, member of Castro congress, iv, 66;- assembly, 123-124 ;-comision- ado of Santa Clara, 92, 134, 138, ] 77 ;-prefecto, 280;-assem- bly, 285, 472 Estrada, Raymundo, ii, 624 Estrada, Santiago, iii, 502;-iv, 5, 312 Estudillo family at San Gabriel, iv, 162-163 Estudillo, Jose Antonio, assem- bly, iii, 502;-iv, 127, 182, 228 Estudillo, Jose Joaquin, iii, 145, 2Sl;-at San Francisco, 591, 594;-iv, 230 Estudillo, Jose Maria, iii, 37, 64-at San Diego, 128;-at council of Monterey, 148, 152; -"bitter foe of the padres," 189, 656, 658;-ment., 215, 243, 24S;-assembly, 597 Ethics with double edge, iv, 808 Eucharist, Holy, ii, 253;-iii, 263 Eulalia de Callis, ii, 408, 416, 422 European priests admitted, then excluded, iv, 223 Evangelista, Juan, Indian youth with Fr. Serra, ii, 108 Evil in Indian eyes only what is punished, iii, 458 Ewing, Hon. Thomas, iv, 728 Exaggeration about Mission wealth, iii, 225, 415, 629-637;- iv, climax of, 654-660 Excitement after discovery of gold, iv, 610-615 Excellency, title of governor adopted, iv, 58 Excommunication incurred and announced, ii, 185, 187, 196;- iii, 232;-iv, 780 Excuses for colonist indiffer- ence and indolence, ii, 514 Excuses of Indian runaways, ii, 507-508 Exercises, religious, at Missions, ii, 254-257, 449, 627;-on the march, 175. See also Voyages and Expeditions Exile of friars opposed by peo- ple, iii, 274-277 Exiles from Sandwich Islands, iii, 650-652 Exiles, voluntary, ii, 639 Existentes, or converts at Mis- sions, ii, 594 Exorbitant demands from troops, iii, 166-167 Exorbitant land holdings, iv, 746 _ Exorbitant tax on Missions, iii, 140-141 Expedicion Santa, ii, 5 Index i9 Expedientes, or collections of documents in given case, ii, 417, 419, 424;-iii, 640 Expedition, first, in search of Monterey, ii, 22-70 ;-second, 71-74 Expedition from Sonora to Monterey, ii, 135-137 Expeditions for the conquest of California, ii, 3-17 Expeditions of Capt. Ezeta, see Ezeta Expeditions to northwest coast, ii, 146-153, 154-161, 319-324, 437-442 Expeditions in search of Mis- sion sites, ii, 490-496, 620-626, 679-682;-iii, 22-30, 142-147 Expeditions, various, to San Francisco Bay, ii, 94-99, 141- 143, 161-166, 173-189, 202-204 Expeditions against the Yumas, ii, 354-355 ;-against other In- dians, iii, 37-39; see Indians Expeditions, Patron Saints of, ii, 6, 10, 174 Expeditions, explorinsr, of Fr. Garces, ii, 134-137, 191-200 Expenditure of Mission and of U. S. Govt. Systems compared, ii, 269 Expenses of friars traveling, see Traveling expenses Expenses of paisano govern- ment, iv, 268-269 Expensive and useless educa- tion, ii, 268-269 Export trade of California, ii, 342 Extensive tracts of land outside Missions, iii, 500 Extermination of Indians to be prevented, iv, 654-655 Extinction of Missions decreed, iv, 373-380. 445-450 Extracto de Fr. Sarria, iii, 7 Extreme Unction administered, ii, 45-46 ;-iii, 263 Eyes, teaching through, ii, 251 Ezeta (Heceta) Bruno de, ex- peditions of, ii, 154-159, 165- 166;-ment., 321, 325 Faber, Rev. Frederick William, on slander, iii, 414 Fabregat, Narciso, iii, 37, 62, 204-205 Facio, Jose Ant., iii, 346 Factional fights in California, iv, 475-476 Faculties of early Franciscan missionaries, iv, 299-305, 799- 802;-of friars for soldiers and colonists, ii, 541-542 Faculty to confirm, ii, 449;-iii, 91;-iv, 304-305 Fages, Pedro, in first expedition, ii, 9;-Fages and Galvez, 10, 62;-captain, 93;-his "Salida," 96;-his instructions, 105;-arro- gance of, 104-107;-angers sol- diers, 90, 107;-violent temper, lll;-leads expedition to San Francisco Bay, 94-99 ;-at San Diego, 103;-false reports of, 106-107;-replaced by Rivera, 125 ;-re turns as governor and visits all Missions, 354- 356, 393-394 ;-has runaways brought back, 361, 393;-do- mestic infelicity, 408, 415, 422; —annoys Fr. Serra and friars, 406-409;-forgets instructions, 415;-formally accuses friars, 416-417;-directed to aid friars, 419;-powers curtailed, 430;- report on neophytes, 431;-at- tempt on liberty of friars, 442- 444;-reproves Ignacio Vallejo, 51S;-asks for artisans, 535;- asks to be relieved, 455;-suc- ceeded by Romeu, 456;-ment., 13-15, 22, 23, 33, 66, 71. 73, 80, 86. 89, 92, 120, 129, 132, 133, 180, 183, 206, 207, 280, 281, 354, 368, 403, 430-434, 450, 452, 544, 599, 620;-iii, 253, 643, 64S;-iv, 816;-autograph, vol. i, 530 Fahy, Rev. John, iv, 628, 685 Failure of modern Indian edu- cation, ii, 267-270 Failure of Branciforte colony, ii, 520 Failure to humiliate Fr. Serra, ii, 312-313 Failure of so-called seculariza- tion, iv, 185 Faith, Sacred Congregation of the Propagation of, ii, 311 Faithful, the, must support Re- ligion, iii, 580, see also Tithes 40 Index Faithless ecclesiastics, ii, 650- 651 False accusations, iii, 500, 539, 639, 645, 646;-iv, 363-367 False Bay, ii, 27;-Cape, ii, 159 False interpretation of decree of Cortes of 1813, iii, 320-321 False philosophy, iii, 220-221 Families of administrators at Missions, iv, 161-163 Family, the Mission a real, ii, 275 _ Fanaticism according to paisano chiefs, iii, 357, 367 Fanatics, political, iii, 566 Fanega, or Spanish bushel, ii, 103, 113, 554;-iii, SS5;-iv, 134 Farallones Islands, ii, 50, 73, 96, 153, 661;-Bay, 165-166 Farce of a proclamation, iv, 445 Farcical court-martial, iii, 295- 304 Farias, Valentin Gomez, iii, 504- 505;-iv, 419 Farnesio, Fr. Francesco Antonio a, ii, 616 Farnham, Thos. Jefferson, iv, 814 Farthest north of the Spaniards, ii, 322 Fate of missionaries and neo- phytes, iv, 292, 512-513 Fathers, Friars, see Franciscans Fattening on substance of poor Indians, iii, 393, 399 Faults of individuals not to be attributed to organization, ii, 348 Faura, Fr. Jose, ii, 497 Favorita, The, ii, 161, 321, 322, 324, 325, 370, 395, 397, 435, 437 Fear for Cal. on account of wrongs to Indians, iv, 113 Fear of French invasion, ii, 511 Fearless reply of Fr. Duran, iv, 21-29 Fears well founded, ii, 405 Feast of Nuestra Senora de la Luz, iv, 793-794;-of Our Lady of Refuge, 259-261 Feats, remarkable, by Fr. Ser- ra, ii, 338, 367;-by Fr. Lasuen, 497 Federal govt, system restored, iv, 67-68 Federation with two Mexican States rejected, iii, 185 Fee system, (Arancel) for sup- port of priests urged by Pico, iv, 397;-disliked by Bishop Diego, 253, 399;-at Guadala- jara, 400;-not sufficient, 400 Feelings of the missionaries at prospects, iv, 512-513 Felch, Alpheus, chairman Land Commission, iv, 218, 732;-an- nounces decision in favor of Church, 733-745 Felicidad, The, ii, 154 Felipe III, King of Spain, ii, 5 Felix, Domingo, iv, 34;-Juan Vicente, ii, 490;-Luciano, iii, 33 Feliz, Jose, iv, 311 Female attendants prohibited, ii, 628 Feminine ruse, iii, 293-294 Fenelon, Most Rev. Francis de Salignac de, iii, 232;-iv, m Fernandez, Rev. Agustin de San Vicente, iii, 151-159, 175, 183;- autograph, 153 Fernandez, Fernando, iii, 246 Fernandez, Fr. Gregorio, ii, 551- 552 Fernandez, Jose, iii, 236 Fernandez, Jose del Campo, iii, 282 Fernandez, Fr. Jose Maria, ii, 501-509, 550 Fernandinos Franciscans pro- test, ii, 392;-ment., 420;-gen- tleness of, iii, 584;-aged or crippled, 494;-number in 1834, p. SSl;-ment., 442, 447, 452- 454, 459, 466, 542, 567, 568, 570, 580, 60S, 659;-iv, number in 1842, p. 237, 295;-ment., 12, 14, 38, 68, 113, 120, 122, 177, 279, 296, 301, 324, 380, 386, 408, 598, 612, 697, 793. See San Fernando College Fernando II, King of Aragon, ii, 24S;-iii, 624;-Fernando, VI, 524;-Fernando VII, 646;-iii, 70. 94, 98, 99, 105, 138, 148, 217, 282, 295, 300 Fiction, wretched, iv, 806-812 Figuer, Fr. Juan, at San Luis Obispo, ii, 178;-at San Ga- briel, 128;-at San Diego, 215, 398;-wants to retire, 337-338;- consoled by Fr. Serra, 385-389 Figueroa, Francisco, X., iv, as- Index 41 semblv, 66, 2S5, 328, 340, 353, 373, 472, 4S4, 495;-opposes sale of Missions, 499-501 ;-in last assembly, S6S Figueroa, Jose, appointed gov- ernor, iii, 417;-at Monterey, 445, 466:-addresse3 Fr. Du- ran, 445:-not friendly to fri- ars, 471. 472, 502-503, 561- 565 :-forbids flogging-. 455;— first report. 472-473 ;— views like Echeandia's, 472-473 ;-his Prevenciones, 473-176;— op- poses secularization. 496-;>01 :— lauded by Vallejo, 4$4-4S5:- owTi plan of secularization, 4S6;-asks to be relieved. 505;- change of miad, 497, 522-532. 540;-opens assembly, 502-503; —refuses to recognize Hijar- Padres, 507-50S;-appeals __to Fr. Duran for supplies, 553- 555;-unvrorthy report, 563- 566;-appeases, Fr. Duran, 5/3; decree of August 9th. 1S34, a trick. 523 ;-lectures Fr. Or- daz, 576:-lets Ortega go un- punished. 590-591 ;-ill and re- signs, 597;-last wUl. 59S;- death and funeral, 599-602;- remains discovered, 602:- cause of death, 604-605;- ment.. 418. 420. 442-444, 453, 454. 459. 460. 463. 470. 477, 479. 480. 4S2-456. 502. 506, 50S. 50O, 512. 513. 513. 517, 520. 522. 545. 553. 560. 566- 56S. 572-574,_ 577-5S3, 657, 65S-660, 663;— iv, resignation, 3;-decree of confiscation, 6, 142. 375-376 :-compelIed to de- cree connscation, 7. 42. 109, 131;-acts without authority-, 10, 13. 16;-on rights of In- dians. 25;-decree of emanci- pation, 100;-founds Yerba Buena, 266-267 :-holds Mis- sions to be private property. 377:-cause of death. 69-70:- ment., 36, 44, 69, 71. 84. 93. 105. 137. 274, 307, 332, 351. 37S, 419. 462, 502. 518. 523, 563, 775. 776, 816;-autograph, iii, 499 Fincas, iv. 369-371 Finelv-SDun plan miscarries, iii, 507-508 Fires, forest, see Arrillaga for regulations;-see San Luis Obispo Fireworks for Mission Indians, iii, 64S First ecclesiastical sjTiod, iv, 692, 732. S02-S04 First land grant, iii, 640 First Mission sold, iv, 45S First years at a Mission, ii. 512 Fiscal, lose Antonio de Areche, ii, 279 Fischer, Capt., iv, 638 Fita, Rev. Fidelis, ii, 671 Fitch, A. H., iv. on Mission architecture, 534 ;-niis state- ment regarding Fr. Serra, S05 Five Articles of Pico, iv, 340- 341 Flag of Alvarado, iv, 64-65 ;— of the U. S. hoisted at Mon- terey, 550. 552-554;-of truce, 577:— of Mexico, 552 Flandres, ii, 293 Flesh meat, davs when prohib- ited, ii, 602-603 Fletcher, H. S.. ii, 41 Flight of FF. RipoU and Alti- mira, iii, 254-257 Flogging white deserter, ii, 157 Flogging at Missions intro- duced by Rev. Salvatierra, S. J., ii. 276:-not peculiar to Missions. 276;-applied by In- dian official. 275;-not de- grading to Indians, 276:-pro- posed by Roosevelt for some, 276:-advocated by Fr. Serra, 341-342;-iii, practise of Je- suits. 456:-wholesome meth- od, 457-459 :-under comisiona- dos. 542. 591 ;-nimiber of blows permitted bv law. 47S; -ment.. 240. 454-455, 4SS:-iv, under friar and comisionado rale, 140, 151. 153;-advi5ed by Gov. Mason for horsethieves. 643 Flora, The, iii. 21 Flores, Jose Maria, breaks pa- role as captain, iv, 481, 564;- chosen commander against U. S. troops, 565-566;-pnblishes last decree on Missions. 567;- accused. imprisoned, reinstat- ed, S76;-call3 for volunteers, 567-568;-his flag of truce, 577; 42 Index -retreats to Sonora, 578;- ment., SS8, 574-575 Flores, Manuel Ant. de, viceroy, ii, 437-438, 452, 481 Flores, Fr. Refugio, iv, 669- 670 Flores, Sebastian, ii, 392 Floresta Espaiiol, La, ii, 385 Florida Blanca, Count de, ii, 317 Florida, Cal., ii, 667 Florida, Mission history of, ii, 264 Flying Fish, The, iv, 318 Folly, educational, of the day, ii, 266-267 _ Fonseca, Minister Urbano, iv, 671-672 Font, Fr. Pablo, ii, 325 Font, Fr. Pedro, with Anza's expedition, ii, 171-189;-bap- tizes, 178;-indignant at Mon- tereyans, 182-183 ;-diary, 667; -death, 190;-ment., 248-249, 2S2-2S5, 325, 620 Fontaine, Rev. Flavian, C. SS. CC, iv, 626-627, 685;-opens school, 716 Foolish Plan, ii, 109, 336 Foolish trade regulations, iii, 20 Food at Missions, ii, 554-556;- according to Langsdorflf, 637;- scarcity of, 57-59, 100, 136;- according to Beechey, iii, 264 Forbes, Alexander, author of "California," hostile to Cath- olic Missions, ii, 265;-admits kindness of the friars, 277;- ment., 251, 261, 263, 278, 436- 437;-on Fr. Peiri, iii, 414- 415;-on Zacatecan friars, 442- 443;-on fidelity of friars, 557; -on fanega, 5S5;-ment., 637 Forbes, James Alex., British vice-consul, presumption, iv, 416;-on poverty of friars, 218;-before Land Commis- sion, 733;-ment., 320, 415, 760 Force not employed to obtain converts, ii, 252, 500 Force instead of Religion to subdue savages fails, iv, 119 Forced contributions, iii, 134, 236;-iv, 94-95, see Contribu- tions, Drafts Foreign invasion feared, ii, 84 Foreign missions aided, ii, 584 Foreign priests admitted by Santa Anna, iv, 284 Foreign vessels not to be aid- ed, ii, 471 Foreigners defended by Bishop Diego, iv, 70-71 ;-friendly to missionaries, iii, 330;-iv, 13;- at Monterey, iii, 466-467;- census in 1840, iv, 129;-pro- hibited from making surveys, ii, 4 Foreigners and nativists, iii, 330 Forest fires, first legislation on, ii, 464 Foretnick, Rev. Francis, iv, 692 Forfeiture of land rights, iii, 644 Forge or smithy at Mission San Diego, ii, 112 Formalities observed by Fr. Serra, ii, 298-300 Formula for Mission Reports, ii, 445-448 Forster, John, purchases Mis- sion San Juan Capistrano, iv, 460;-ment., 767 Fort Leavenworth, Kans., iv, 569;-Mohave, Cal., ii, 194;- Ross, 634;-iii, 21, 154-155;- Yuma, ii, 200, 352 Fortunate persecution, ii, 549 Fortuni, Fr. Buenaventura, with expedition, ii, 625-626 ;-refuses oath, iii, 244, 270;-retires to San Luis Rey, 452, 538;- ment., 451;-iv, disheartened, 149;-death, 130;-ment., 180, 522;-autograph, iii, 538 Founding a Mission, first steps, ii, 246-247 ;-iv, 87 Four Natives address Francis- cans, iv, 7-11 Four Pretenders, iv, 112 Fox and grapes, iii, 431-432 Frailero, Frailes, Fray, Friar, ii, 358-359, 408;-iv, 9 Frailes Azules, iii, 442 France at war with Spain, ii, 464-465;-iii, ment., 318, 430;- iv, Catholic Church in, 45- 46;-without God, 662;-in con- trol of rabid infidels, 498;- ment., 91, 126, 189, 409, 590, 622, 623, 627, 628, 711, 779 Francisca changed to Benicia, iv, 563 Index 43 Franciscan habit bestowed first time in Cal., iv, 707 Franciscan, last Spanish, iv, 176 (insert) ;-last at Santa Clara, 690-691 Franciscan Order, beginning of, ii, 68 Franciscans in Lower Cali- fornia, ii, 4;-prepare to go north, 4-17;-as chaplains on ships, see Chaplains ;-misrep- resented, 106-107;-not "sent" by Church or Superiors, but by king, 145, 617;-loyal, re- spectful to secular govt., 145, 284-285, 363, 460, 540;-match for all aggressors, 188, 561;- Tuthill on, 224;-defenders of Indians, 277;-object of, 363, see Missions, Missionaries;- messengers of Gospel, not agriculturists, etc., 242-245, 383, 593-594;-volunteers, not forced, 236, 377-378, 418, 533;- methods of, 242-278 ;-dispirit- ed, 215;-cheered by Borica, 497-498 ;-object to be victims of politicians, 378;-disinter- ested, 373-374, 379, 459-468;- their preferences, 385;-an- noyed throughout mission period, 285;-military jealousy cause of opposition, 406;-may refuse to stand alone, 424;- self-denial, detachment, 458- 459;-patriotic but penniless, 540, see Donativo;-incalculable benefit to Spain, 467;— penni- less, 288, 459-460, 462, 466- 467, 580;-poverty keenly felt, 509-510;-earnings devoted to neophytes, 326, 459-462, 527, 532;-slave for the Indians, 282, 526;-solicitous for In- dians, 346-347 ;-e n V i e d their stipends, 523-529 ;-accused, de- fended, exonerated, 549-583;- serve presidios and colonists gratis, 419, 461, 514;-some approved by archbishop, 453; -two unworthy ones, 479-487; -lofty aspirations generally, 533;-subdelegated for service of whites, 542;-not absolutely independent in building, 601- 602;-iii, two imprisoned in Mexico, 16;-truly apostolic. 116, 142, 263-264, 276;-abso- lutely detached and unselfish, 186, 258, 434, 439, 558;-re- spectful to secular authori- ties, 112, 211-212, 242;-loyal on principle, 245, 334-335;-too submissive, 547;-as to oath of allegiance, 149, 214, 219, 237, 243-244;-cheerless life, 168- 169, 187, 259, 316, 374-378, 417, 434, 546-547, 662-663 ;-re- warded with calumnies, 86-87, 433-434, 455, 554, 556;-sub- jected to whims of politi- cians, 28;-threaten to depart, 190, 193;-true to neophytes, 193;-in loco parentis, 114;- consolation to Superiors, 46- 47;— pleased at prospect of leaving, 99-100, 104, 105, 187, 377, 439;-marked for expul- sion, 265, 273;-needed by govt., 262;-hated by covetous, 377-378, 497;-willing to grati- fy enemies, 334-337, 470;- eager to surrender temporali- ties, 120-121, 126, 239, 374-376, 412, 492, 520, 538-539, 553, 550-551 ;-conceal their grief, 542-543 ;-love of poverty, 545; -honest and faithful, 557;- why removed, 498;-dangerous to Satan and agents, 565;- feelings for Figueroa, 602;- shun publicity, 611;-their ene- mies, birds of a feather, 513; -iv, number of, 88, 612, 686;- willing to cede temporalities, 29, 64;-not changed, 65;- reasons for yielding, 92-93;- free to join Bishop, 221;- f acuities of, 304-305, 799-802;- indignant at Pico's charge, 355-362;-poor to the last, 23, 175-177, 411, 746;-resist en- croachments on Indian rights, 379:-slandered therefor, 377;- disheartened, 378-379;-suc- cessful, 527-537 ;-their work undone, 4S2;-some depart, 410;-doomed to extinction, 618, 698, 699, 700;-establish novitiate, 702-707 ;-build par- ish church of Santa Barbara, 706-707 ;-cede parish for Mis- sion, 720;-agreement with Dominicans, 709;-in Lower 44 Index California, 675-676 ;-two Ital- ians at San Francisco, 313;- need no defense, 804;-see also Missionaries, Fernandinos, Zacatecans Francisco, Indian alcalde, ii, 339 Franking privilege, ii, 408-411 Fransoni, Cardinal, iv, 665, 666- Fraternal solicitude, ii, 534 Fraudulent documents of Pio Pico, iv, S04-S0S, 508, 550, 725-728, 760-766 Frazadas pastores, iii, 69 Freedom of neophytes greater than that of savages, ii, 264- 265 Freedom, strange kind, iii, 497- 498;-of Catholic religious and of secret lodge members compared, l'01;-iv, of vi^orship under Kearny, 580-581 ;-of Re- ligion under Liberalism, 794- 799;-of speech, 393;-offered but not wanted by neophytes, iii, 351-352;-iv, 13, 316-317 Freemasons in Mexico, iii, 267; -iv, 104 Freethinkers, iii, 371 Fremont, John C, ment., ii, 143;-arrives, iv, 477;-at Mon- terey, 478;-withdra-ws north, 479;-raises U. S. flag on Mt. Gavilan, 479;-retreats, 479- 480;-returns, 491;-at Mon- terey, 561;-raises U. S. flag at San Diego, 561 ;-pardons Jose Pico, 568;-crosses Santa Ines Mts., 568;-accepts sur- render of Andres Pico, 578;- refuses to recognize Kearny, 579;-court-martialed, found guilty, pardoned, 579-580;-U. S. Senator from Cal., 661;- ment., 481, 545, 546, 548-549, 556, 561, 563, 565, 581, 727 Freight charges, ii, 448, 528, S79;-iii, 650 Freight for northern Missions, ii, 382 Frejes, Fr. Francisco, iv, 80 French-Belgian priests in Rocky Mts., iv, 613-614 French Encyclopedists, ii, 314; -iv, works of. 111 French infidelity, ii, 144-145;- iii, 543;-iv, rampant, 106-109; -influence of, 285-286, 794 French philosophy, effect on savages, iv, 108-109;-on Mexi- can politics and demagogues, 794-799 French republic so-called, iii, 218, 219;-Mexican usurpers ape its notions, 208 Frenzied king, ii, 285 Fresno County, Cal., ii, 621 Friendly Cove, ii, 438 Friendship betw. Fr. Duran and Fr. Rubio, iv, 80, 120 First fruits of Christianity in Cal., ii, 29, 101 Fruits, wild, ii, 567 Fruits of Indian and Mission- ary toil enjoyed by others, iii, 433, 503, 547 Fuca, Juan de. Strait, ii, 438, 441 Fueros, Pedro, ii, 354-356 Fulgencio, Indian, iii, 13, 199 Funchal, The, iii, 283 Fundaciones, see Reducciones, Doctrinas Funds, lack of, hampers Bishop and successor, iv, 391, 399, 618-619 Fuentes, Dotia Josefa, iv, 330 Funeral of Bishop Diego, iv, 518 Funeral of Gov. Figueroa, iii, 601 Fuster, Fr. Vicente, arrives at San Diego, ii, 127-128;-an- nounces excommunication of Rivera, 185-187 ;-action ap- proved, 188;-in charge of San Diego, 210;-assigned to San Gabriel, 215;-at San Juan Capistrano, 435 Gadsden Purchase, iv, 629 Gajiola, Jose Antonio, iii, 277 Gajiola, Valentin, iv, 481 Galiana, Fr. Domingo, ii, 597 Galiano, Dionisio Alcala, ii, 441 Galico, Mai., ii, 519, 620;-iii, 30, 79 Galindo, Eusebio, iv, 41 Gallagher, Rev. Hugh, iv, 695, 696, 714, 715 Gallegos, Carlos, ii, 182 Index 45 Gahez, Jose de, sends expedi- tions to Cal., ii, 4-5: osten- sible chief object, 5. 10, 653- 660;-real object, 3-4;-pietj- of Galvez, 6-10:-vies with Fr. Serra, 7;-his Mission, ~. 93;- saves expense to royal trea- surv, 118;- prime minister, 21S:-ment., 40, 55, 56, 67, 76, 80, S2, S4, 134, 160. 1S2, 2S1. 290, 291. 335. 363. 368, 391- 393, 401, 524. 52S. 653-655, 657, 660:-iii. 114, 116, 469;- autograph, vol i, 328 Galvez. Matias de. viceroy, ii, 423. 433, 544, 552 Gambling, ii, 565 Games at ilissions. ii, 274. 564- 565 Gamuzas, iii, 69 Ganado mayor (cattle\ iii. 475: — iv, 265;— menor (sheep) iii, 475 Ganganelli, Cardinal, ii, 67 Gantt, John, iv, 315 GaDs in the Mission line, ii, 220-221. 364, 453, 490 Garbanzos planted bv Moraga, ii, ISl Garces. Fr. Francisco Hermen- egildo, charge from Bucareli. ii. 135;-hi5 entradas or expe- ditions, 191-200;-h!s banner and method of teaching, 192;- first Spaniard in the interior, 193;-with Anza, 135-137. 174: -with savages. 1S9. 192-200:- at San Gabriel, 195-197 ;-bap- tizes an Indian, 197;-swim5 a river, 198;— welcomed by the Mojaves, 199;-goes to Moqui and is ill-used for first time, 199-200:-refused aid by Ri- vera, 196;-his journal. 350:- urges missions, 350-351;— pro- tests against foolish scheme, 352:-5tarts Colorado Mis- sions, is murdered by sav- affes. 352-353 :-ment.. 620, 666- 667;-iii. 25. 26:-iv, S14 Garcia, Fr. Dieeo. arrives, ii, 423;-at Soledad. 454._ 4S5-tS6; —retires, SS0;-ment., 534 Garcia, Francisco Pascual, iv, 699 Garda, Inocente, iv. 151 Garcia, Jacinto, iii, 585 Garcia, ilost Rev. Fr. Jose, Commissary-General, ii, 297- 298 Garcia, Fr. lose, discrete, ii, 361, 3S2 Garcia Diego y Moreno, Fr., see Diego Garden fruits, iv, 534 Garden of Mission San Jose, iv, 760;-of Santa Clara, 760;-of San Luis Rey, 5S9-590 Gardoquin, Spanish official, ii, 457 Garfias, Manuel, iv, 4S1, 565 Garibav, Pedro, vicerov, ii, 646, 647 ' Garijo, Fr. Agustin, guardian, ii, 545, 626. 650:-iii. pathetic letter to Fr. Paveras. 162- 163:-ment.. 3. 10. 16, 110, 161 :-autograph, iii, 162 Garner, William R., iv, 12S Garrison, see Presidio Garrison of Sonoma captured, iv, 542 Garza y Ballesteros, Archbishop Lazaro de la, iv, 521 Gasol. Fr. Jose, guardian, ii, 54S. 5S5. 631;-regulations, 626l«0;-iii, circular, 109-111:- ment., 51. 108. 151, 207;- death of. 162:-autograph, ii, 4S5^ Gaudencio, Indian, iv, 452 Ga^-ilan, Cerro de, iv. 479 Gaviota, Cal, ii, 37-3S Gecp., rancheria. ii. 679 Gecuar, on route of Fr. Faye- ras. iii, 143 Geese, ivild. ii. 53 Gelecto, rancheria, iii, 24 Gelonopai. rancheria, iii, 143 Generositv of Fr. Duran, ir, 454-455. 45S Genoa, Italy, iii, 450 Gente de razon. iL 273:-^oor Catholics. 543-544:-iii. 3PS:- according to Hittell, 129-132; -nient, 6, 319. -96. 612:-iv, 94 Gentlemen— Gen. Mason and Secretary of State Halleck, iv, I '^ Gentleness o: the friars, li, 263-264 Geonat, rancheria. iii, 143 German priest, first, at San Francisco, iv, 696 46 Index Gerona, Spain, iv, 522 Ghastly sight, iv, 129 Giant, the dying, Missions, iv, 286 Gibson, Captain, iv, 572 Gifts to Indians, importance of, ii, 97, 128, 199, 376, 378-381;- iii, 36 Gift of Archbishop Lorenzana, ii, 75 Gihon, John H., iii, 630 Gigedo, Revilla, viceroy, ii, 452;-ment., 324, 441, 452-453, 455-456, see Revilla Gil y Taboada, Fr. Luis, at San Rafael, iii, 30-31 ;-at Santa Cruz, 129;-refuses oath, 244;-report on San Luis Obispo, 559;-death of, 466, S60;-ment., 272;-autograph, iii, 30 Gil, Rafael Pedro, ii, 132 Gila River, ii, 136, 175;-iv, 570, 629 Gilbert, Edward, first Cal. rep- resentative to U. S. Congress, iv, 660 Gilbert, Rafael, iv, 415, 416 Gill, Fr. Bartolome, ii, 442, 479- 487 Gillespie, A. H., iv, 561, 563, 565, S69;-imprudence of, 564;- raises U. S. flag at Los An- geles, 578;-nient., 571-572 Gilroy, Cal., ii, 95, 492 Giribet (Girivet), Fr. Miguel, arrives, ii, 433;-at San Luis Obispo, 486, 542 ;-retires, 547; -discrete, 548;-iii, 643 Girls, Indian, married to white men, iii, 645 Girls and unmarried women at Missions, ii, 637;-apartments, 558-S59;-special care for, 249- 250 Glapion, Fr. Juan, iv, 303 Gleeson, Rev. William, ii, 670r -on missionary success, iv, S28-530;-ment., 693, 695, 715 Glimpse of the San Antonio, ii, 64 Gloomy outlook, iv, 606 Glory of Catholic womanhood, iv, 810 God, the Name of, avoided by infidelity's pupils, iv, 497- 498;-officially ignored in France, iv, 662;-union with, ii, 532-533 God keep you many years, iii, 208 God and Liberty, iii, 209, 565;- iv, 72 Godayol, Fr. Jose, iv, 718 Goemaere, Mother Mary, first Dominican Sister in Cal., iv, 682, 688, 689 Goetz, S. J., Rev. Anthony, iv, 691 Golden Gate discovered, ii, 50;- named, 143;-first entered, 164; -ment., 52, S3, 96, 97, 205, 320; -iii, 27 Golden age of the Missions, ii, 599 Gold mines during Mission per- iod, iii, 152, 225 Gold first discovered in small quantities, March, 1842, iii, 632;-first large find, iv, 609- 610;-manner of securing, 611 Gomez Farias, Max. vice-pres., iii, 504-506, 518, 521 Gomez, Fr. Francisco, chaplain on San Antonio, ii, 10;-with Portola, 23, 32, 51, S9;-bap- tizes Indian child, 28;-retires, 85, 86, 89;-ment., 63, 66 Gomez, Josefita, iv, 257 Gomez, Rev. Jose, chaplain, ii, 442, 486 Gomez, Jose Joaquin, iii, 534;- iv, 51, 54, 70, 479 Gomez, Rev. Jose Migruel, ar- rives with Bishop Diego as subdeacon, iv, 227;-first priest ordained in Cal., 257-258;- placed in charge of San Luis Obispo, 258, 295, 513-516, 685; -testimony before Land Com- mission, 733;-ment., 263, 267, 322 Gomez, Fr. Juan Crisostomo, iv, 712 Gomez, Manuel, iii, 148, 152 Gomez, Rafael, iii, 359;-iv, 5, 31 Gomez, Vicente Perfecto, yarns of, iv, 426 Gongora, Jose Maria, ii, 182, 184^ Gonzalez, Diego, ii, 366, 451 Gonzalez family, iv, 684, 687 Gonzalez, Fr. Francisco, ii, 508, 596;-iii, 51 Index 47 Gonzalez, Francisco Cortina, iii, 266, 267 Gonzalez, Fr. Gabriel, O. P., (L. C), iv, 238, 259, 515, 521, 656 Gonzalez del Castillo, Ildefon- so, iii, 267 Gonzalez, Juan, ii, 326 Gonzalez, Macedonio, iv, 308, 309 Gonzalez, Miguel, iii, 246, 247 Gonzalez, Rafael, 206-207 ;-iv, 5, 149 Gonzalez, Ramon, seminarian, iv, 263 Goods supplied to troops by Missions, iii, 69 Goodness of the friars exces- sive, iv, 367 Good policy to conciliate, iv, 598 Good will of U. S. officials, iv, 605-606 Goose that laid golden eggs, iv, 472 Gopher and ground squirrel plague, iii, 80 Gorraez, Jose, ii, 121 Gosnel, Messengers of, ii, 242- 245, 383-384, 603-604 ;-iv, 528; -needed, not philosophers, 107 Gospel not spread through sol- diers, iii, 25 Government parsimony tovsrards Missions, ii, 520 Government liberality towards colonists, ii, 520 Government of California di- vided, iii, 415-416;-meddles with Mission affairs, iii, 182- 183;-not Catholic as claimed, iv, 251-2S2;-imbecile, 318;-of Upper and Lower Cal. should be separate, iii, 343 Governor, candidates for, iv, 123, 389 Governor, first, of territory of Cal., ii, 200-201 ;-iv, of the State of California, 660 Goycoechea, Felipe de, coman- dante of Santa Barbara, ii, 451 ;-eflForts to start school, 474;-unjust charges and refu- tation, 551-590;-removed to Mexico, 583;-appointed to Lower California, 598;-ment., 599-600 Grace at meals in Missions, ii, 254 Graciosa, The, ii, 38 Graham, Isaac, joins Alvarado, iv, 60;-chief occupation, 128;- arrested, 128-129 ;-ment.,327 Grain measure, ii, 346, 426-427 Grajera, Antonio, ii, 496, 497 Granada, Nuns of, ii, 468 Gran Capitan Vallejo, iii, 592 Granados, Bishop Jose Joaquin, ii, 455, 460, 466;-autograph, 460 Grand Old Man of California, iv, 522-524 Grant of land, first, iii, 640 Grants of land, iii, 645-646 Grape culture, iii, 571 Grapevine, Cal., ii, 195 Grape wine, iv, 534, see Wine Grasshopper and locust plague, iii, 80 Grass Valley, Bishop of, iv, 715 Gray Franciscans, iii, 442 Gray, Lieut., iv, 575 Gray, Robert, ii, 158 Great Salt Lake, ii, 268 Greece, iv. 111 Greed of paisano chiefs, iv, 288- 289, 475 Greedy eyes on Missions, iii, 87, 239, 322 Greedy shipowners, ii, 544-548 Greeks, Romans and education, ii, 244 Green, Sister Ignatia, iv, 697 Greenhow on Franciscans, ii, 69-70 ;-on Rezanof. 634 Greenville's Point, ii, 158 Gregory XVL ii, 401;-Bull cre- ating the Californias a dio- cese, iv, 195-200;-Bulls to clergy and laity, 200-201;- ment. 203, 232, 299 Grief of Bishop Diego, iv, 397- 401;-of the missionaries, iii, 35 Grievances of missionaries, iii, 454, 459-460 Griffin, Dr. J. S., iv, 574 Grigsby, John, iv, 542 Grijalva, Juan Pablo, ii, 174, 201. 202, 490 Grimaldi, Marquis de, ii. 3-4 Gross outrage planned, iii, 509 48 Index Grulla, Laguna de la, ii, 4S Guachame, rancheria, iii, 23 Guachinga or San Bernardino, iii, 144 Guadalajara, ii, 63, 108, 118, 124, 132, 213, 325, 370, 395, 405, 519, 528, 592, 629, 645;- iii, 16, 55, 61, 71, 72, 85, 125, 249, S06;-diocese of, iv, 196, 400, 793 ;-ment., 89, 227, 270, 518 Guadalupe College, see College Guadalupe, Puerto de, or Nor- folk Sound, ii, 159 Guadalupe River, ii, 181, 622 Guainamota, Mexico, ii, 151 Gualacomnes, Indians, iv, 216 Guapia, Camp, iii, 145 Guapiabit or Guadalupe, ii, 680; -iii, 39;-cross raised, 143 Guapiana, rancheria, ii, 681 Guanajuato, Mexico, ii, 648;-iv, 3, 39 Guardian, Lector, Comisario, Custos, President e. Provin- cial, see for these terms vol. i Guardianship over the Missions, iv, 24 Guardian, unfaithful, to Indian wards, iv, 508 Guatemala, iii, 465 Guards needed, ii. 111, 167-168, 425;-wages of, 122;-object of, 162, 362, 636;-conflict betw. and missionaries, 610;-a drawback, 425 ;-ref used to Fr. Serra, 304;-few at Mis- sions, 613;-with friar on road overnight, 610-612 ;-iii, In- dian distrust of, 25;-few or none needed later, 640-641 Guayaquil, Ecuador, ii, 160 Guaymas, Sonora, ii, 84, 109, 366, 644, 682;-iii, 246, 444, 445;-iv, 220, 255, 633 Gubernador Provisional, (Pico), iv, 367 Gucayte, or Telame, ii, 682 Guerra, Francisco de la, iv, 285, 472, 485, 495, 565-567 Guerra, Capt. Jose de la, iii, 24, 33, 58, 60, 80;-goes to Mexico, 71-72;-captured, 16;-returns, 72;-delegate to congress, but not admitted, 2Sl;-is sindico of the friars, 257, 550, 568;- commands soldiers in battle, 199-200 ;-ment., 106, 134, 148, 152, 157, 166-167, 185, 197, 204, 227, 233, 257, 258, 280, 292, 297, 303, 364, 403, 572, 573, 602;- iv, recognizes Alvarado, 61;— imprisoned by Vallejo, 97;- sindico of the friars, 707;- ment., 146, 158, 389, 637, 773- 774, m Guerra, Jose Antonio de la, iv, assembly, 5, 51, 55, 66;-age of, 54;-in congress of four, 91, 112;-assembly, 123 Guerra, Pablo de la, iv, 558, 707 Guerrero, Mex. President, elf't- ed, iii, 252;-executed, 328 Gui, Bernard, iii, 624 Guiana, iii, 95 Guichapa, rancheria, iii, 143 Guihuane, rancheria, iii, 24 Guin, J. M., false histories, iii, 654-660 Guipuzcoana, The, iv, 230 Gulf of California, ii, 109, 133, 134, 598;-iii, 17, 62 Gulnac, William, iv, 315 Gutierrez, Fr. Jose Maria, ar- rives, iii, 442;-at San Fran- cisco Solano, 452;-letter to Figueroa on flogging, 457-459; -accused of neglect, 594;-iv, 358, 362;-retires, 410;-auto- graph, iii, 457 Gutierrez, Nicolas, capt., iii, 572; -temp, military commander, 597-598, 601-602 ;-iv, military commander, 3;-temp. govern- or, 38-S2;-on expenses for Di- vine Worship, 42;-immorality, 41, 71;-banished, 51-52;-very name abhorred, 104, 116;- ment., 16-17, 58, 60, 70-71, 93, 94, 105, 128, 237, 327, 816 Gutierrez, Fr. Romualdo, ii, 601 Guzman, Fr. Jose Maria, iii, 307, 408, 465;-iv, 189, 213;- autograph, iii, 306 Guzman, Fr. Miguel, iv, 711 Gwin, William, M., U. S. Sena- tor, iv, 661 H Habana, Cuba, iii, 412 Habitations, Indian, ii, 228;- neophyte, 557-558;-of Bishop Diego, iv, 236 Haenek, Tadeo, ii, 440 Index 49 Hague Tribunal, iv, 242 Hahn, Rev. Florian, ii, 667 Hall, H., metnber of Land Commission, iv, 731 Halleck, Henry W., Secretary of State under Gov. Mason, iv, 602;-on impostor Brig- nole, 617;-instructions to Col. Stevenson on Pico, 632-633;- deserves well of California and its history, ii, p. xxiv;- iv, 644;-unearths land frauds, 725;-his six questions, 725;- faithful search for evidence, 726;-to Col. Stevenson, 725- 726;-to M. Soberanes, 727;- on false dates of Pico, 726- 727 ;-w arns occupants of Church property, 727-728;- ment., 659, 662 Hammond, T. C, iv, 572 Handmaid of the State, the Church in Spanish dominions, ii, 463 Handmill, gift to Mission San Carlos, ii, 436 Hanson, George M., iv, 654 Happiness of savages effected through Christianity, ii, 440 Happy life at Missions, ii, 249- 256; see Missions, 263 Harbinger, The, iii, 254-256 Harbor, see Port Hardships of friars at Mis- sions, ii, 386-389;-iii, 226;-iv, 512-513 Hardships of friars on journey by land and sea, ii, 544-548, 655 Hardships, extraordinary, of Portola's expedition, ii, 39- 40;-of Kearny's men, iv, 569- 571 Harmony, Fr. Duran's love for, iii, 546-548 ;-iv, 384-385 Harmony, lack of, among the paisano chiefs, iv, 336 Harmony, Neve ordered to pre- serve, ii, 280 Haro, Francisco de, iii, 145, 152, 157, 185, 327, 502 Haro, Gonzalo de, ii, 437, 438 Haro y Peralta, Archbishop Alonso Nufiez de, ii, 444 Harpers' Monthly Magazine, iv, 649-656 Harpies of civil power, iii, 541 Harrowing in early days, ii, 258-260 Harsh treatment of Fr. Luis Martinez, iii, 292-294;-of Fr. Mercado, iv, 423-428 Hart versus Burnett, Land Case, iii, 639 Hartnell, W. E. P., commercial agent, iii, 168, 171;-confirmed by Fr. Sosa, 409;-ment., 651;- collector Port of Monterey, iv, 58;-marriage, 146;-inspec- tor of Missions, 146;-visits Missions, pitiful report, 147- lS6;-efIect of report, 163;- second visit to Missions, 177- 184;-abused by Vallejo, 178- 179;-discharges Pio Pico at San Luis Rey, 182-183, 337, 435;-resigns, 184;-collector of tithes, 247;-rancho, 478;-ofli- cial U. S. translator, 586, 636; -testimony before Land Com- mission, 733;-ment., 170, 173, 234, 386, 545, 640, 646, 688, 728, 784 Harvesting in early days, ii, 258-260 Harvests, scanty, ii, 339;-iii, 231 Haste, cause of Pico's, iv, 456 Hatred for religious in Mexico, iii, 93;-iv, 794-799 Haughty hidalgos, ii, 201 Havoc wrought by Pico and conspirators, iv, 399 Hawaiian Islands, iii, 58, 478, 482, 650-652 Hawley, Sister Mary, iv, 714 Healdsburg, Cal., iii, 147 Heartless selfishness of mission enemies, iii, 377-378 Heartless treatment of Indians, iv, 118 Heceta, see Ezeta Hefele, Dr. Karl Joseph von, iii, 626 Helplessness of Indians taken advantage of, iii, 386-387 Hemp cultivated, iii, 80 Henchmen provided for, iv, 152 Henley, Thos. J., iv, 655-657 Henriquez, Antonio Domingo, ii, 536 Henry VIII of England, iii, 183, 625 Herds of San Gabriel, iii, 654- 655 so Index Hermosillo, Mexico, iv, 127 Herod, king, iv, 420 Heroism of the friars, iii, 290, 318-319, 662-663 Herrera, Jose, sergeant, iii, 156 Herrera, Jose Joaquin, acting Pres., Mexico, decree restor- ing Pious Fund, iv, 256, 403- 404, 434;-elected President, 405;-asks public prayers, 406;- memorial from Bishop Diego, 407-410;-appeals to Fr. Duran, 428-429;-forbids_ sale of Mis- sions, 455;-appoints Pico gov- ernor, 483;-resigns, 475, 670;- ment., 699 Herrera, Jose Maria, collector of territ. revenues, iii, 222, 233, 236, 237;-arrested by Echeandia, 284, 328;-reap- pointed, 506;-ment., 300 Herrera, Juan, ii, 121 Hidalgo, Fr. Jose Maria, guar- dian, iii, 465;-iv, 78, 429, 521;- autograph, 78 Hidalgo, Fr. Miguel, O. P., ii, 442-444 Hidalgo, Rev. Miguel, revolts, ii, 648;-poor specimen of pas- tor, 649;-captured, 650;-re- traction or satisfaction, 650;- executed, 6S0;-iii, ment., 17, 47, 94 Hidalgo revolt begins ruin of Cal. Missions, ii, 648-651 Hidden motive of paisano hos- tility, iv, 775-782 Hides and tallow, Mission ex- ports, ii, 262;-iii, 342 Highhanded action of Jose Cas- tro, iv, 423 Highest number of friars in California, ii, 632 High Mass at Missions, ii, 627. See Mass High Mass refused by Fr. Duran, iv, 29-30 High schools as yet unsuitable for Indians, ii, 270 Highvsrayman's method, iv, 423- 427, 429 Higuera, Jose, land grant, iii, 646 Higuera, Juan, iii, 351 Higuera, Nicolas, iii, 585 Hijar, Jose Maria, active against Missions, iii, 501, 504, 506;-arrives in Calif, with col- onists, 507;-disappointed, 508; -demands, 509-510;-leaves for Mexico, Sll;-ment., 512, 515, 518, 520, 534;-iv, commis- sioner, 388;-encourages Bish- op Diego, 389, 406;-dies at Los Angeles, 389;-ment., 109, 376 Hijar-Bandini swindle, iii, 507- S12;-iv, 109 Hijos del Pais, ii, 475;-iii, 63;- iv, 502;-must be blamed for mission ruin, 13-14, 17, 18 Hildrup, Jesse S., historical ex- aggerations, iii, 637 Hill, Daniel A., iv, 456, 457, 460 Hill, Samuel, iv, 234 Hill, Mulligan's, ii, 41 Hippolytans, iii, 93, 98 Hireling comisionados, iv, 387- 388 Hiring out Indians forbidden, iv, 156 History which Fr. Seiian failed to write, iii, 174 History of Mission Indians for a century, iv, 533 Historical drawback, ii, 458-459 Hittell, Theodore, historian, ii, 70;-on Cal. Indians, 225;- senseless animosity to mis- sionaries, 263, 26S;-correct view of Neve's conduct to- wards Fr. Serra, ii, 316-317;- cynicism, 468;-diatribes, 505, 614-615 ;-on Langsdorflf, 635;- bold misstatement, 614-616;- iii, bigotry of, 9;-dishonesty, 495;-on Figueroa's seculariza- tion act, 533-534 ;-on the ad- ministrators, S35;-telling ad- mission, 595-596 ;-ment., 306;- suppresses evidence, iv, 29;- rampant, 81-82;-on confisca- tion decree, 380;-pleased, 420; -on Castro and Pico, 492 Hixosa, Francisco, ii, 162 Hodge, Frederick W., ii, 225 Hoffman, Judge Ogden, Opin- ion in Land Cases, iv, 747-759 Holbein, Rev. John Chrys., C. SS. CC, iv, 613, 621, 622, 627, 685 Hollister, Cal., ii, 94, 144 Holy Eucharist not compre- Index 51 hended by early neophytes generally, ii, 253 Holy ' Gospel, Province of, iii, 46S Holy Land, iii, 465, 620 Holy Land needs missionaries, ii, 476-477 Holy Office, Commissary of, ii, 542-543 Holy Oils, ii, 642-645 ;-iii, 249;- iv, 121, see Oils Holy See, ii, 541-542, 603-604;- provides Bishop for Califor- nia, iv, 195-201, 666;-Mexico to furnish subsistence for Bishop, 671 ;-Monterey to be the seat of Bishop Alemany, 687; see Bishops Diego, Ale- many and Amat Holy Week at Missions, ii, 627; -ment., 368 Honest men scarce, iii, 134 Honest penny of paisano chiefs, iv, 582 Honglulu, Sandwich Islands, iii, 650, 651;-iv, 612, 615, 782 Honolulu, The, iii, 651 Horcasitas, Sonora, ii, 174, 189 Hordes of Jose Castro, iv, 422, 485 Horra, Fr. Ant. de la Concep., at San Miguel, ii, 496;-goes insane, 549-S51;-accusations against the friars, 552, 582, 584 Horrible custom, ii, 240 Horrors of hatred for Religion in Mexico, iv, 794-799 Horseback riding and St. Fran- cis, iii, 88 Horseflesh used as food by sav- ages, iv, 310 Horses ordered slaughtered by government, iii, 80 Horses forbidden to neophytes, iii, 29 Horse-stealing, iii, 29;-iv, 310- 311, 318, 638';-punishment for, 642-643 Horticulture at Missions, iv, 534;-by colonists, 534 Hospice or convent, iv, 703 Hospital, City, S. Francisco, in hands of Sisters, iv, 715 Hospitality of the Missions, iv, 33 i Hostility of Bancroft to Fr. Serra, ii, 315-316 Hostility to friars, motive for, ii, 363, 406 Hostility to Missions, cause of, iii, 319-320 Hours of labor at Missions, ii, 560-561 How filthy stories about priests and monks originate, iv, 806- 812 Howard, Volney E., iv, 732 Hoyo, Carlos del, iv, 670 Hual (Vual), rancheria, ii, 623 Hubal (Bubal?), rancheria, iii, 24 Hueneme, Laguna, iv, 510 Hughes, Bishop John, iv, 665, 731 Huima Island (Santa Rosa), ii, 619 Humane Protestant captain, iii, 333 Humboldt, Alexander, ii, 224 Humboldt, Cal., iv, 653;-County, 654 Humiliating situation for the friars, ii, 284, 315, 333, 546, 578-589 Humiliation of the friars, iv, 98, 100-102, 115, 217-218 Hundred blows with lash to In- dians at Los Angeles, iii, 478 Hunter, J. D., Indian agt., iv, 593-595, 641-642 ;-instructions to, 595-596 ;-ment., 590 Hunting bears, ii, 100-102 Husbands, American and Eng- lish preferred, iv, 414, 416 Hymn of Fr. Antonio Margil, ji, 40 1_ Hypocrisy of Mission critics, ii, 276, 292;-of Neve, ii, 286;-of Pico, iv, 352-353, 363-364, 433, 495-496;-of Vallejo, iii, 592- 593 Ibaiiez, Fr. Florencio, assists the dying Gov. Arrillaga, iii, 8;-autograph, iii, 8 Ibarra (Ybarra), Fr. Francisco Gonzalez de, leaves College for Calif., iii, 56;-arrives, 84;- fearless exposure of worthless soldiery, 227-23 1 ;-will swear 52 Index conditionally, 244;-on Eche- andia's activity, 416-417;- ment., 236, 270, 273, S75;-ill- treated by administrators, iv, 179-182;-flees to Sonora, 115;- death of, 279;-ment., 160, 237, 596;-autograph, iii, 231 Ibarra, Juan Maria, iii, 235, 301, 601, 602, 667 Iberian Peninsula, ii, 648 Icarza, Antonio de, iv, 203 Icazbalceta, Joaquin Garcia, ii, 672, 673 Ide, William B., Bear Flag lead- er, iv, S42;-proclamation, 544- 545 Idiosyncrasies of Fr. Luis Mar- tinez, iii, 281 Idiotic recommendation, ii, 430- 431;-scheme, iii, 323-324 Idle gente de razon, iii, 130-132; -rebuked, 67, 662, iv, 592 Idle soldiery source of troubles, ii, 406-407, 469-470, 569;-iii, 35, 131, 262, 553-554, iv, 592 Idleness, excuse of soldiers for, iii, 131 Idolatry among the Indians, ii, 237 Ignorance of some non-Catho- lics, ii, 69-70;-iv, 814-815 Ignorance of paisano would-be statesmen, iii, 160, 323-324, 613 Ignorance of school knowledge not advocated, ii, 272 Iguala, Plan de, iii, 108, 148, 153, 217 Illegal and revolutionary meas- ures, iii, 349-350, 353, 523-532; -iv, 373-375, 445-450 Illiteracy among Mexican sol- diers and colonists, ii, 473 Illuminati, iii, 166 Illustrations that do not illus- trate, iv, 814-815 Imap'e, bronze, at Dolores, ii, 322 Imbecile government, iv, 318 Immigrants of every and of no religion, iv, 603, 612 Immorality in California, iv, 71, 108;-among emancipated In- dians, 452;-among the offi- cials, iv, 4, 19, 22, 41 ;-among soldiers, ii, 572;-iii, 230-231 Imperfect catechetical instruc- tion, iii, 611-616 Impertinent assembly, iii, 530- 531 Implacable paisano chiefs, iii, 556 Implements, agricultural, ii, 258- 260 Impostor, clerical, iv, 616-617, 665 Impracticable plans, ii, 521-523, 529-530 Impressions made by means of pictures, ii, 192 Imprisonment no hardship to Indians, iii, 456 Impudence of soldiers, iii, 31-33 Imputation, insulting, ii, 308 Imuris, Sonora, ii, 174 Inability of friars to pay money, ii, 410 Incentive to join Missions, ii, 264 Income of the friars, ii, 460-462 Income, fixed, for friars refused by Fr. Duran, iv, 175-177 Income from Mission leases after confiscation, iv, 465, 467- 469 Incomunicado, Fr. L. Martinez held, iii, 292 Inconsiderate troops, iii, 126-127 Incorrigible Indian, ii, 508 Indemnity to Mexico by U. S., iv, 629-630 Independence of the Church, iv, 44-47 Independence, declaration of by the four confederates, iv, 55-56 Independence of Mexico de- clared, iii, 108 Independence thrust upon im- mature people, iv, 316;-not wanted by neophytes, iv, 316-317 Independence, The, iv, 579 India, Apostle of Farther, ii, 300 Indian Affairs, U. S. Commis- sioner of, confesses failure of Government's educational methods, ii, 267-271 Indian agency system often un- fortunate for Indians, iv, 596 Indian agents appointed for Mission Indians, iv, 593 Index 53 Indian clans and tribes in Cal- ifornia;-Beneme, ii, 194;-Ca- juenches, ii, 136;-Canicaimos, iii, 146, 176, 182;-Chaclanes (Sacalanes), ii, S03;-Cha- guanosos, iv, 310, 311;-Co- sonines, iv, 216;-Cuchillones, ii, 503, S07;-Danzarines, ii, 136; -Dieguefios, ii, 170;-Digger, ii, 224;-iv, 6S2;-Gualacomnes, iv, 216;-Jamajab, ii, 193-196, 199; -Mojaves (Mohaves, Jama- jabs), ii, 193-195, 197, 199, 200; iii, 31-33, 38, 62;-Mu- quelumnes (Muguelomnes), iii, 37; iv, 216, 311, 314;- Mutsun, ii, 299;-Noches, ii, 197;-0 chejame s, iv, 216;- Petalumas, ii, 176, 182;-Saca- lanes, ii, S06;-Saniles, ii, 283; -Shoshones, ii, 226;-Suisunes, ii, 626;-Sumtaches, iii, 23;- Tulares, ii, 601, 620; iii, 26-29; iv, 310, 313, 322 ;-Tunisumnes, iv, 216;-Ululatos, iii, 146;-Yu- mas, ii, 136, 139, 176, 189, 193, 199-200, 352-357, 368; iii, 609;- Zalampai, iii, 585. "Indians, their affection for mis- sionaries,- iii, 193, 484, 581 ; iv, S37;-am.usements of, ii, 235-236, -2?4,--564l-attailiilation o f --to-be— pre V e riTetir-ivr'654v- aa__appreirtiees, — at- -Missions, _iii_43fr437;-ajmed with mod- ern weapoBS,-4ii, J46;-attia€t- ed, not ' forced; — into" '5Iis- sionsj — rr, ~24 8r 363; Baptism, fir^^t, administered to, ir, '28- 29^-b«md^ -i-ir.aZy^n-e^t- alo-ne blameworthy, iv, 64Z-65Z;— boats of, ii, 33^ 503;=hQys to be_£diicated — in — Mexico, iii, 4.SQ, — 4?6;-burials.^ and burial places of, ii, 3?;-of Cali- fornia aad Mexico com- pared, iii, 450;-calmed by Fr. S e rra , ii^ .^ H; — e bararter _oi^-UT ll,_224-*tt:--5«?r-533-: mr^i. 3Slr-34e; i*y^89r-3»-319T 537;- CWriiLiaiii, — of- terwej^— €ali- fornfa^-iiv- IS, 54. 5S7:-dean- lines s o f in — savage — state, ii, 230-233 ; fcl c veiin : ^^ -&f,- ii,— 33^; -after confiscation of the Missions, Wr-3Hi -216. 5 8 1 -::SS2, see Demoralized, Depreda- tloJl.4^-^t9 8r501,- ; iv, 04 , 643=6447'- 64 9* '-coo.verts- - irtore free than savages, ii, 264- 26S;-converts must be loyal tO-_- God, ii, 264;-criminals punished, iii, 13;-dancing, ii, 36-37, 235-236 ;-deee-p+iv*,ii, 33©"^22^6S4^egradatrtnriTter Geufisc^Uou fell,— ivr-M^-; -see c6«^fi«€ati«>Hi— ivr-1-lO-lil, -4-38r- ■45e>4S2r 4S4j--636-6e?; e3^:t5TO; -das£tti«gr decrire--aga«Tstr'iv, IZy— de^tedaiio»&| — -tiT— -SO'Sl, T9 f7'612; . i4i,-a8s-34r-194=ei 1 , 43?> iy, -.308-32er=636-63§;-646, 64St— dialects a-nd — Jangwages, ii,-403-,=227-,-.252-2S3T-44ir42-43, I 610»644---discQiiteiiiedT- iv, -17- iS^-dislike — £©f — rrmrtaf exer- tioir ii.^fT^^^dt&re^ani— fSr hu- j man .li££,-4i7-240=24i ;-eh'es5~in savage, state, , ii, _ 33, 149-150, i 23&i-djc.e5s. at Missions, ii, 262- 263r-*56--557-;-dullness,- ii;-353, 498; -639 ;-eTgrtion^r-iir 336=346, ! 546t-'«r^SOr-=ematLcipated and! Mission- CQmpaj:ed,—iv, 346;-| emancipated, conduct of, iv,, 110^14©^4l7-i"4S:T497~308, seel I>epredaiicms, — Et^m eral iaed ;-j ejaiaii.cipatioii.~-©f-r- "cTtm i n a IJ teFed-by-PoTtolaT-iir-^29, 32, 33, 35-37, -39r-40r44::52r 53, 79: -executed-at-'-PTirisima, iii, 204; -exempt from tj^xation, iii,— 13ft;-ifeatopes^ of TartarsV iii, 158^— £«od_Jr! savage. _ state, ii, 230*233 ■-£oad.3T3^!Mis««M*s,'" ii.' S54-5fi6S6SZ;_iii_264^-f«fwd ; into U: S. G u v e innieul sclig ols,' ii, -367 269 :-free as children und£i_,ijiissionaries, ii, 265; iii, 188. 379, 380, 426-427, :431 : iv, 17-18;-freedom after confisca- tion, iii, 587; iv, 100, 103, 183, 374. 431, 448, 464, 466, 647, 650;- friendly, ii,- 103^, 169,-1?1, 203, 624;7-games, ii, 37, 235, 274. 564;-tO- God and Relig- ion only -they 'yielded their savage- liberty, ii, -264; iv, HI, ^"4 Indej? / 117;-government in savage ;■ state, ii;-236;-g M'lo at M i ccions T" j -i i, 573; girl s' marry whi t e me n, { iy,_.44& i «^ h' igh ea t niimba j— -at ! Mi&sie«sr~n'i, '2C2r;-inrii(g -Htet- j fo rbidden, -— a,— J-56y^OR-.£c>fge- I daysy— entan ei p a t ed— fof&ed-'to, I iii7-^?=42§r-always-lTnii^F}Lr-«r ' 5S^-55BT^ear-of~iitm»^i^ii, 1 33gua6 , 178r 1 8? r4§i T-Tvr3g^ ,; I 23^ illUtrT--w*ites^-ir2t:rar520 ; -lab0rers-at-!;a,a£baSr-'«*7-491 ;- lan d lil k ii ' uf, iti;0J8, ■WT-M4f ' 46Z5^eaiJL_.Sftaiu^~-ii«=i^- ma-r-riage — crf"ih sava||'e~?tate, 5 ii,'-235M-nialtr£aiedr-aini~SMrSsa- 1 cred. hy.jimlt^&^ix,.l^, 314, 1 647--654j-friars.. and colonists 'massacre^ by, ii, 169J70, 353; — min©FS — bef ore the las t- — iii, 424-427 ; -~W~ML=mrmfy. -of ea.t\y, ii, 23&;-64:9i— HtQja4*ty of savag£&_ii , 338 2 3 ^;-Jae^^t5T^tS^" ii i7~^!i^IlUisiciaB-sr-TV7~4S2^45'4 ; truiIllb£XT--hi-gh«s+7-iTt~'MTsSion t" eriod»- -iiir— "264- — t77*~6571^o f nnrtb-wp.gt coast, — ii, — 148=t49, l-'r^rST^nnt hn.nnrl tn furrijati as-'-^avag^sr"-!!, ■■■230-2337-^op- prefsed" iJV"~whiteBv iii, 306, 326-32?-,- 399 ;-origin of,_ ii. 226; ^overcharged. .,..by-,-,wJaites, ii, 570-571 ;-overgrQwa-- eWldren, ii, 265-266, -499.; -iiiv-^TZr 424- 425, >49? ;-o-ve««'»pi?ed~at~pTe- worked^or.. ,i,no»jt«vm'r' -35-36, 127, 165, 210,..4aa-i-Sa4=iv, 27^- nwTtgrB, riffhtM , of M ission 28^ -^"70, MX, 34y-,-%5'lr-673,' 439- , - '183j - -=i e e 6r-paid. . MrJ.t fa- wJHs- . k eyi i¥, 6S0i o f ■P ' diag ' Ll ' a ' y , iii, latjon, ii, 37, 32.5-ag6r49»=49g, fr-^m, ii) 11, , i'ii2,iii.3^j-pr'?p-w-)y "f "Vt piiiN'':! -""'• — nfl-trmnlT* > iv,— 26-27r= 377'!6s-rarB.&he«9:s~tni- I merQU5,_u_i2_...22fi=22?r"623- -, g24-j — ^4- — 543- — 145 ;- p ea 'ditig, I t as.te- J,Q.r-... lacking_ -ai.— ag4^-- 5 soHwd" after a!lja5^«^^]:©f»se \ freedairL-- offe r cd, — ttt, — 354^-re- ', fuse'--tajauMJtr»uic^^=535-^535; ; -regard_as-&vi-t^ot— wEat-4feey , are. ciTf i stizgH, i ji, ■ 4 S8 ;-to re- joiii~-M-499i-©*La_ii,JSaj-relig- iou! — nntion-s; — H", — 230-2 37 ;-re- quire — ge-vei'n-fH-etrt — protfiction sttil-, -ivr"143^-re^iiii:©-4iTne...,£QX civil i»ati'©-%-4iip,.J4"2*34-3r—3J?;- reservartt5Hr-ftrrr-tir-368r^7 ; i V, ■655^656t-«eMete-ofrTtr^l 6S, 169, 215^ ii-i-,-l-95P20&r~nrr55r;- righ-t, to. their- 4 an d, iiy A tfi f iv, 464v'46?r—533y-?a9!=yTl ;-rights u ph o ld — by — inissionarieB — and c Wch, ii, 5 17 -jj9r-tv, 545;- r'nbbpd repEaJg aTy; i u - ,— Tl 2 ;-at San niegn, i i, 11, tSr^9- 20;- s ptlm-pd h;— irJii'HIliM ■!, iv/ 1 08- iG^ J^JOQ, LLiii i ilit'c uf— ^ongs, i«,-g4— -141 ; )" Fi-! Serra's confi- dence- --in,_ji,_JiiLiQ2i;-smiilar to .,AsbaQUA .) ts ,-- w -i ~ ^4 , 'nlirity f>f ah,iispH, J.v,f.»4«8t ;_ ;undex--a4 mijiiotralui h ' ai rfl co- ;misi-&»»4&9: — 111, 4;'!4-4/'y' 541, ;588,„.SaiT-SSi6r-«%-84,'Tro^ 118, ' 1 j£^r^ 52,-"t6 » - J ftr W T; 273, 3l7^=Sht81^sub-dtred — b^t^^Eristi- anity "«<1on-e7-Te7"^9;-supersti- tion of, ii.-SST-SSS-' 614;-sym- pathy of- Governor ■Mas.on for, iv, 593, mr-642;-taxed for^ schools- -of ™wWtes72;g-£3-94 ;- ten ..yfiats-±»*elSf^"'oTriiirT37, 19-20; 394;— tofeacccujis^'^by, ii, 23S;-treacherous, ii, 157, Index 55 240^-- 140. 610. 612 -614:-tiirii. on > tormontor e, — iv, 3Vfryi6, 647-648 ;-tnrhiilpnt, .wr^Py^Oe, 339, -SSZr-^SSr-Afffr-^fr 535- 536 r iV, 307-308 r".J8/,""6'y/-638, fi4.';-l=;d.';-_.ir.rlorpo;H I^Y -^Y^iitfc^ 3Z94=jmtmthiaJ.,-Ui,---34e-r iv, 4 26 ;-vi crx — aS^ — >»» — ?!^^::24T ; iv, ■iS7>s-*i6tims™»f-.«pid©fHie9, iv, I -v ocab alaricg. iii, 611i -ji yares I and^alUL ul, a, 1411-150;- l i»coi*h „,n,f MJaaian.'s. -p^^^^-ffi^ k_-530 ;-w hippin c ; "o t, opr"°'"^- By 7_ iii, 4 5S,^ see F lo^ingj- ij, -61 .'T^;-wntTif-ti. s^Ya.g''°i '^i'- Indians and Fr. Garces, ii, 192- 200 J[ndians and friars asked to con- tribute to Spanish war fund, ii, 465-466, see Donativo. Indifference to American inva- sion, iv, 547 Indifference of paisanos to Re- ligion, iii, 612;-iv, 520 Indignant protest of Fr. Duran, iv, 288-293 Indignities heaped upon Fr. Martinez, iii, 332-334;-on Fr. Mercado, iv, 423-425 ;-on Fr. Ibarra, see Ibarra Indignity to the Church of Christ, ii, 603-605 Individual ownership of Indian land, iv, 464-465 Indolence of the paisanos, iv, 319, 592 Indulgence to Mission church, Santa Barbara, iv, 720-721 Indulgence of Portiuncula, ii, 31, see Our Lady of the An- gels Industries at Missions, ii, 254, 261-262, 274, S34-S39, 557, 560- 564, 570;-iv, 86, 88, 530-536 Industry must be at head of In- dian education, ii, 270 Inestrillas, Fr. Sebastian de, ii, 519 Infanticide among savage In- dians, ii, 240 Infidelity and moral corrup- tion, iii, 543-544 Infidelity gone mad, iv, 662, 794-799 Influence of Mission System over Indians of to-day, iv, 533-534 Influence of Religion over In- dians, iv, 536-537 Information desired by Presi- dent Bustamante, iii, 337 Informe Anual, first, ii, 446 Informe Biografico, or biograph- ical sketches of friars, iii, 46, 52, 78 Informes, or official reports, ii, 137 Ingrates, paisano, iii, 557-558 Inhabitants of California not against friars, iv, 13 Iniquitous scheme of De Croix and Neve, ii, 377 Iniquitous decrees, iii, 347-353, 523-533 ;-iv, 286-287, 373-375, 445-450 Injustice, enormous, to Indians, iii, 349;-iv, 288-293 In loco parentis, ii. 111, 119; 133;-iii, 639-640 Innocent XI, Pope, ii, 605:-iii, 103 Inquiries of Mexican Govern- ment, iv, 69 Inquisition, Spanish, iii, 564, 623-629 Insatiable troops, iii, 227-228, 236-237, 460 Inscription on Cross at Car- melo, ii, 57;-at Monterey Bay, 58; in northern voyage, 147;- over tomb of Bishop Diego, iv, 519 Insincerity of assembly, iv, 31- 33 Insinuation, unwarrantable, iv, 418 Insolence of administrators and other officials, iii, 188-193; iv, 147, see Administrators ;-of soldiers, ii, 420, see Soldiers, Guards ;-of Yumas, ii, 358; iii, 230-233 ;-of Salvador Vallejo, see Vallejo Inspector of Missions, salary and instructions, iv, 146-147 Installation of first assembly, iii, 157 Instance of white depravity, iv, 34-35 56 Index Instructions, catechetical, see Catechetical ;-Fr. Garces's way, ii, 192;-in Indian, ii, SS3- 554, S93; iii, 5, 42-43, 607-611; -for settlers, 6, 611-616 Instructions, governmental, to Pages, ii, 82-84, 94, 10S;-to Rivera, 132-133 ;-to Neve, 280; -forgotten, 41S-416;-to guards accompanying missionaries, 611;-confidential to agent Carey Jones, iv, 728-729 Instructions of Fr. Duran to friars for case of death, iii, 449-450 ;-on changed condi- tions, 542-548 Intentions for holy Masses, ii, 577-578 Interamna, (Terni), Italy, Gen- eral Chapter at, ii, 476 Intercourse between neophytes and pagans, ii, 567, 595;-be- tween neophytes and whites, ii, 568-572 Interference, with missionary affairs, ii, 280-292, 302-305, 308, 312, 315, 442-443 ;-iii, 326 Interior of California first trav- ersed by Fr. Garces, ii, 134- 135, 191-200, 620 Interpreters, Indian, used, ii, 19-20, 167, 175, 252-253 ;-make- shift, iii, 607 Interregnum in California, iii, 36S-366;-iv, 816 Interrogat6rio, or Inquiry, iii, 10-11 Intolerable conditions, iii, 578;- iv, 100-101, 115, 180-181 Intolerance of Catholic Church, iii, 171, 568 Invalid marriages, iv, 415 Inventories, iii, 534;-iv, 238, 380- 381 Inwardness, true, of paisano hostility to Victoria, iii, 361 Ireland, iv, 548, 627-628, 708 Irizarria, Most Rev., iv, 202 Iron needed at Missions, ii, 112; -iii, 168 Irregvilarities of Pico and as- sembly, iv, 502-504, see Frau- dulent titles Irreligion of paisano chiefs, iv, 50;-of politicians in Spain, iii, 110;-cause of cupidity of Mis- sion enemies, iii, 317-318 Isabella of Spain, iii, 624 Isidoro, Indian, iv, 452 Isla de Dolores, or Isle of Sor- rows, ii, 158;-de los Angeles, or Angel Island, iii, 27;-iv, 208 Island, Catalina, ii, 29;-Santa Cruz, 11; Cedros, 12;-Angel, iii, 27;-iv, 208;-Farallones, see Isolation of friars perilous, iii, 577 Israelite bravery and piety, ii, 478;-iii, 579 Isthmus of Panama, iv, 612, 682, 688, 697, 714, 715, 718 Itali.an friar not admitted by viceroy, iii, 616-617 Italy, iv, 409, 498 Iturbide, Agustin, revolts against Spain, iii, 108;-his troops oc- cupy San Fernando College, 110;-regency, 147-148;-prohib- its certain books, 169-170;- executed, 158-159;-ment., 94, 104, 218 Iturbide, Joaquin de, Mexican Minister, iv, 83, 86, 90, 91, 210-212, 406;-autograph, 210 Iturbide, Fr. Pedro M. de, ii, 454 Iturrigaray, Jose de, viceroy, exonerates friars, ii, 582-583;- forbids change in Mission system, ii, 590;-has letters of friars to College and one an- other go free, 602;-on Mis- sion Santa Ines, 600-causes investigation into Indian mor- tality, 608-609 ;-ref uses permit to Italian friar, 617;-deposed, 646;-autograph, 609 J Jacal, shelter of brushwood or poles, ii, 176 Jacinto Mountain, ii, 439 Jacobinism, iv, 107 Jackson, President Andrew, iv, 792-793 Jackson, Helen H., iii, 596;-iv, 75, 596, 656, 674 Jacopin Valley, ii, 529;-iii, 143 Jaguara, or San Jacinto, iii, 144 Jaime (Jayme), Fr. Antonio, at Soledad, iii, 19;-ill, 91, 174, Index 57 200;-refuses oath, 244;-death of, Zn, 290;-ment., 256, 270, 273;-autograph, 200 Jaume (Jayme), Fr. Luis, ar- rives, ii, 85;-at San Diego, 85, 89, 128;-murdered, 169-170;-iv, 809 Jalisco Franciscan Province, ii, 320 Jalisco, iii, 422;-iv, 330, 591 Jamajab or Mohave Indians, ii, 193-196, 199, 200 Jamul Rancho, iv, 308, 309 Jansenism, ii, 255 Jansenists, iii, 94, 95 Jansens, Agustin, iv, 183 Japan, iv, 790 Jauregui, attorney, iv, 438 Jealousy of military cause of oppression, ii. 363, 406 Jealousy of paisano chiefs, iii, 510 Jefe Politico, or governor, iii, 157-158, 234 Jesuits and Carlos III, ii, 67;- churches, 84;— empowered to confirm, 297;-submissive, 285; -Superiors of, 488;-and Pious Fund, 284, 530;-ment., 317, 649, 658, 673;-iii, 48, 93, 97, 110, 376, 456;-iv, in Lower California, 536;-in Canada, 11- 12;-admitted by Santa Anna, 282-284 ;-desired by Bishop Diego, 222-223;-established Pious Fund, 242;-in Paraguay, 433-434;-invited to Upper Cali- fornia, 627, 676-677;-establish college at Santa Clara, 690- 691;-ment., 294, 686 Jesus Maria Valley, iii, 145 Jimenez del Recio, Rev. An- toniff Maria, arrives, iv, 227;- ordained, 258;-takes oath, 282; -at S. Gabriel, 323;-ment., 228, 240, 257, 516, 685 Jimenez, Minister of Interior, iv, 259 Jimeno Brothers, iii, 247, 253 Jimeno, Fr. Antonio, arrives, iii, 247, 272;-defends Fr. Mar- tinez, 288, 291;-rebukes Eche- andia, 292;-named to act as presidente in emergency, 307; corrects Fr. Ordaz, S74;-in charge of Santa Barbara Mis- sion, 4S2;-iv, at Santa Bar- bara, 102;-in charge of tem- poralities at San Buenaven- tura, 296, 355, 507;-resents charge of disloyalty, 419;- succeeds Fr. J. J. Jimeno, 720; -ment., 20, 113, 158, 237, 263, 279, 282, 286, 295, 323, 512, 515, 518, 685, 697, 703, 705-707; -autograph iii, 292 Jimeno Casarin, Manuel, arrives, iii, 253;-assembly member, 597;-iv, acting governor, 118, 124;-secretary to Alvarado, 684;-ment., 66, 123, 126, 127, 145, 202, 226, 266, 268, 271, 311, 312, 333, 687 Jimeno, Fr. Jose Joaquin, ar- rives, iii, 247, 267, 272;-on emancipating Indians, 375-376; -retires to Santa Ines, 452, S75;-iv, offends Chico, 20-21;- rector of seminary, 263, 412;- presidente of Fernandinos, 79, 296;-asks for land grant for seminary, 261 ;— on temporal affairs of Mission Santa Ines, 356-357 ;-off ends Fr. Duran, 386;-to Pico on comisionados, 388;-receives pittance, 46S;-iu distress, 469;— comisario per- fecto, 525;-to succeed Fr. Rii- bio, 521;-circulars, 177, 598- 599;-resigns as rector, 62S;-at first synod, 692;-founds col- lege at Santa Barbara, 703- 704;-declines to cede parish church for Mission, 720;-be- fore Land Commission, 733;- death of, 719-720;-Archbishop Alemany's veneration for, 719- 720;-ment., 30, 36, Zl , 237, 273, 279, 295, 323, 512, SIS, 518, 683- 685, 697, 698, 701, 707-709, 716, 735 ;-autograph, iv, 20 Joaquin, muleteer, iii, 556 Jonatas, rancheria, ii, 679 Jones, John C, marries a Car- rillo, iv, 236;-ment., 234-235, 336, 782 Jones, General R.. iv, 610, 636 Jones, W. A., Commissioner In- dian Affairs, ii, 267-270 Jones, William Carey, confiden- tial agent, iv, 728;-his in- structions, 728-729 ;-researches and report, 729-731 58 Index Johnson, Captain A. R., rash at- tack, iv, S72-S73 Jordan River, ii, 497 Jordan, Rev. Paul, iv, 690 Joven Guipuzcoana, The, iv, 129 Juan de Dios, Indian, iv, 4S2 Juanites, or Brothers of San Juan de Dios, iii, 98 Juarez, Benito, decrees enslav- ing Religion, iv, 699, 794 Juarez, Nicolas, iii, S8S Jubabal rancheria, iii, 145 Jueptahua, on route of Fr. Payeras, iii, 143 Juda, Lion of, iv, 288 Judas and Vallejo, iv, 780 Jueces de Policia, iv, 311 Jugglery of Bancroft, iv, 503 Julian, Indian, iii, 13 Julian, the Apostate, iii, 98 Julius II, Pope, ii, 460, 671 Jumin, El Alto de, ii, 48 Juncosa, Fr. Domingo, arrives, ii, 84-85 ;-at San Luis Obispo, 85, 89;-at San Carlos, 103- 104, 129;-retires, 132 Juno, The, ii, 634;-iv, 549 Junta de Fomento, iii, 159, 208 Junta militar of Castro, iv, 480- 482 Jurisdiction, southern & north- ern, in Lower California, iv, 676 Justice, sense of, in Bishop Ale- many, iv, 709 Justices of proposed supreme court, iv, 127 Juxtaposition, queer, ii, 463 Juyunga, Indian village, ii, 491 K Kaahuamanu, King, iii, 651 Kalendarios, ii, 63 Kamchatka, ii, 634;-iv, 293 Kanaks, or Sandwich Islanders, iii, 269 Kansas, iv, 569 Karimoko, The, iii, 261 Keane, Sister Mary Augustine, iv, 714 Kearny, General Stephen W., march from Leavenworth, iv, 569;-his force, 571;-wounded at San Pascual, 573-574 ;-gov- ernor, 579;-assures freedom of Worship, 580-581 ;-proclama- tion on Mission property, 583, 723;-ment., 572, 577, 586, 589, 593, 597, 638, 724, 817;-auto- graph, 580, on insert Kelley, Rev. Francis, iv, 795-796 Kelseyville Indians, iii, 609 Kendrick, Juan, ii, 441-442 Kenrick, Most Rev. Francis Patrick, iv, 693 Kentucky, iv, 569, 687 Kern Lake, ii, 197 Kern River, ii, 198, 623 Keys, power of the, iv, 46 Kilborn, Mr., iv, 615 Kilkenny, Ireland, iv, 714 Kilkenny Cats, the paisano chiefs like, iv, 74 Kilmacdough, Ireland, iv, 628 Kindliness of the friars, ii, 93, 265, 277-278, 467-468, 636;-iv, 537 King Ferdinand II, ii, 670-671, see Fernando King George's Sound, ii, 152 King Philip, iii, 136 King of Poland, iii, 209 King of Spain, deceived, ii, 290- 291, 427-428 ;-orders more Missions erected, 350;-decree on Church Asylum, 669-670;- regarded himself supreme in Church matters, 463;-ment., 540, 655, 660;-iii, thanks FF. Payeras and Martinez, 61;- -ment., 138, 160, 219, 296, 563, 620;-iv, under obligation to friars, 337;-ment., 738-7^3 Kings River, ii, 623;-iii, 23 Kino, Rev. Eusebio, S. J., ii, 134 Kinsale, Ireland, iv, 714 Kipling, Rudyard, on mission life, ii, 332-333 Kit Carson, iv, 569, 572, 575 Kitchen legislation, ii, 332 Klamath Lake, iv, 545 Knowledge of reading and wri- ting aid to Religion, ii, 272 Kodiak, The, ii, 634 Kodiacks, or Alaskan Indians, ii, 642 Koran, iii, 218 Kotzebue, Otto von, iii, 82-84, 188-189 Kroeber, A. L., ii, 225-227 ;-iii, 609 Index 59 Labor, Indians averse to, ii, 230- 233, see Indolence Labor, manual, preferable to mere book-learning, ii, 270 Labor of the missionaries nulli- fied, iv, 452 Labor not relished by paisano chiefs, iii, 500 Labor shunned by the soldiery, ii, 470 Lachuo, rancheria, ii, 623, 682 Lack of honest Mexican history in English, iv, 699 Lack of supplies, ii, 61, 172, 374;-of medicines, 14;-of funds for Bishop Diego, iv, 391 Lady Poverty, ii, 580, 632;-iv, 219-220 Lady of Refuge, our, iv, 260-261 Lady and Tiger, ii, 673 La Ensenada de los Llorones, ii, 165, 180, 204 La Gaceta, newspaper, iii, 109 Lagos, Jalisco, iv, 519 Laguna de la Concepcion, ii, 3S;-de los Dolores, ii, 204;- Grande, ii, 38, 52;-de la Grul- la, ii, 45;-Hueneme, iv, 510;- de Merced, ii, 143, 166;- Salobre, ii, 17S;-Seca, iv, 326; -de Santa Eulalia, ii, 176 Laguna de Olalla (Eulalia), ii, 176;-Anza at, 192 La Hoya de San Francisco, ii, 40 La Laguna, iv, 265, 736 La Ma3'or, vineyard, iv, 266, 736 La Mesa, battlefield, iv, 578 La Paz, Lower California, ii, 12 La Perouse, ii, 635, see Perouse La Posa de Osuna, ii, 27 La Puente, iv, 788 La Reina de los Angeles, The, iii, 62, 66 La Saliid, camp, ii, 48 La Salve, rancheria, ii, 620 Lake County, iii, 609 Lake Pinto, or Amesti, ii, 47 Lamberville, the two Fathers, S. J., iv,. 11 Lambruschini, Cardinal, iv, 190 Lamenting Indians, ii, 165 Landaeta, Fr. Martin, ii, 500- 505, 534 Land Case of Archbishop Ale- many, iv, 733-745 Land Cases before U. S. Dis- trict Court, iv, 747-771 Land claimed by Andres and Pio Pico, iv, 746 Land claims, U. S. Congress passes law on, iv, 731 Land Commission organized by Congress, iv, 732 Land Commission, number of cases before, iv, 746 Land Commission's decision on Church property, iv, 733-745 Land expeditions, ii, 14-17;-to San Francisco, 165-166, see Expeditions Land, extensive tracts of, out- side the Missions, iii, 500 Land grant, first application for, ii, 640-643 Land grant, formal, not needed for Indian Missions, iv, 655 Land grants before Mexican In- dependence, iii, 638-647 ;-how effected frequently, iv, 338 Land grant to College of Santa Ines, iv, 261-262, 734-735 ;-to Rev. McNamara, 550 Land grants, fraudulent, iv, 504- 505, 508, 725-728 Land grants opposed by Fr. Lasuen, iii, 643-644 Lands conceded to Church by U. S. Commission, iv, 743- 745;-by U. S. District Courts, 746-771 Lands, Indian, seized by Pico and confederates, iv, 364, 367, 506-507 Lands, Indian, only unclaimed could be granted, iii, 387 Lands, Mission, property of neophytes, iv, 437, 655, 683 Lands, title of Indians to, iii, 638;-iv, 464, 467 Lands, unjust division of, iii, 384-393 Langle, M. de, ii, 435, 436 Langlois, Rev. Anthony, ar- rives, iv, 610;-vicario foraneo, 627, 690;-becomes Dominican, 692, 708;-ment., 682, 685, 689, 696;-autograph, 692 Langsdorflf, G. H. von, on Mis- sions in north, ii, 634-641;- ment., 676;-iii, 264 6o Index Languages, multiplicity of In- dian, ii, 252, 253;-difficulties of acquiring, 20, 102;-medium for all Missions, 2S2;-one un- derstood by all savages, 248;- at San Antonio, ii, 492;-at Monterey and San Francisco, 141-142;-in the south, 491;- necessity of learning, iii, 4- S, 42-43, 607-611 ;-universal medium, iii, 610 Llano de los Anseres, ii, 49 Lanzas, Castillo, iv, S49, 758 Laplace, Capt., iii, 652 Largest number of neophytes in Missions, iii, 264;-iv, 529, 6S7;-of baptisms, deaths, mar- riages, in Mission period, iv, S29;-of missionaries at one time, ii, 632 Larkin, Thomas O., U. S. Con- sul, iv, 478-479;-claims Santa Clara orchard, 724, 767-771;- ment., 120, 197, 213, 668, 670- 673, 699 Las Animas Benditas, iii, 38-39 Las Animas, or La Brea, iii, 646 Las Floras, ii, 490;-iii, 503, 531, S56;-iv, 577 Las Llagas, or Ayata, iii, 143 Las Llagas Creek, ii, 492 Las Llagas de San Francisco, ii, 40, 204-205 Las Pozas, San Miguel Mis- sion site, ii, 491, 493, 495 Lash, only punishment that im- pressed savage Indians, ii, 276, S73;-for stubborn cul- prits, 341-342 ;-common in Old Mexico, 270;-number permit- ted, 628;-recommended by Gov. Mason, iv, 643, see Flog- ging Lasuen, Fr. Fermin Francisco de, arrives at San Diego, his description, ii, 127-128;-plants Cross at San Juan Capistrano, 168-169;-refuses to celebrate holy Mass before Rivera, 186- 188;-wants to retire, 210, 337, 338, 38S;-assigned to San Diego, 214-21S;-presidente, 402, 416;-circulars, 345-346, 464-465, 472, 539;-refutes Fages, 419-427;-on Fr. Palou, 424;-on lonely friars, 424;- praises Malaspina crew, 439- 440;-special report, 448-449;- on death of Carlos III, 452;- to Bishop Granados, 460-462;- swears "in verbo sacerdotis, tacto pectore," 462;-empow- ered to confirm, 454-455 ;-asks renewal of power, 596;-founds Missions of Santa Barbara, 434, Purisima, 435, Santa Cruz, 454, Soledad, 454, San Jose, 494, San Juan Bautista and San Miguel, 495, San Fernando, 496, San Luis Rey, 496-497 ;-with Vancouver, 469; -receives no stipend, 466, 523; -his distress, 482-489 ;-con- soles Fr. Danti, 499-500;- compassion for his sister, 509- S10;-circular on indifferent Catholics, 543-544- ;-on arti- sans, 53S-536;-to Branciforte, 537;-to Borica on Fr. Horra, 549-550;-vicario foraneo, 540- S42;-his "Respuesta," 553-582; -more liberal than secular official, S89;-on Mission Sys- tem, 585-590 ;-last report, 593- 594;-on fickleness of Indians, 59S;-death, 596;-Bancroft on, 597;-ment., 246, 386, 387, 389, 390, 398, 402-405, 411, 491-510, 516, 523, 525, 533-545, 548, 599-601, 607-61 l;-iii, approved flogging, 456;-defends Indian rights, 643;-opposes land grant, 643-644;-commissary of the Inquisition, 623;-ment., 91, 172, 263, 409, 568, 612;- iv, 305, 81S;-autograph, vol. i, 316 Last act in Mission drama, iv, 470 Latelate, rancheria, ii, 623, 682 Latin circular of Fr. Duran, iii, 548-550 Latin letter of Fr. Tapis, see Tapis Latin as medium of conversa- tion, ii, 640-641 Latin, reading of, by neophytes, ii, 273 Latin settlers, i. e., speaking a Latin dialect, iii, 495 Launch of Carmelo first vessel to enter Golden Gate, ii, 164 Lav,', the essence of just, iii, 244-245, 488 Index 6i Law of Cortes of September 1813, true meaning, iii, 380, 391-392 ;-not executed in So- nora, 488;-abused by Echean- dia's decree, 391-392, 397;- ment., 429, 468-469, 470, 486, 488 Law of May 6th, 1822, regu- lating succession, iv, 3, 328 Law of December 20, 1827, against Spaniards, iii, 26S, 269 Law of secularization of August 17th, 1833, iii, S18-S20, 522, 523, 532, 539 Law against religious Orders of November 6, 1833, iii, 516- 517 Law, unauthorized, of Cali- fornia assembly and Figueroa of August 9th, 1834, and sup- plement of November 4th, 1834, iii, 523-532 Law of November 7th, 1835, revoking secularization, iv, 6, 14, IS, 18, 28, 92, 103, 112, 115, 116 Law of September 19, 1836, pro- posing Diocese of California, iv, 186-187 Law restoring Pious Fund to Bishop Diego, September 19, 1836, iv, 187, 403-404 Law confiscating Pious Fund, February 8 and October 24, 1842, iv, 242-244 Law of April 3, 1845, restoring Pious Fund to Bishop Diego, iv, 403-404 Law (unauthorized) of assem- bly. May 28, 1845, confiscating the Missions, iv, 373-375;- ment., 380, 381, 431, 433, 444 Law or Decree ordering sale of Missions, October 28, 1845, iv, 445-450; ment., 455 Laws of the Indies, iii, 424;- quoted by College, ii, 517- 518;-violated, 519-520 Laws of Mexican Reform not expression of the people, iii, 245, 48S Lawlor, John, to Fr. Jose San- chez, iii, 260-261 Lawyer, first in California, iii, 253 Lay-Brothers, ii, 632;-iii, 52 Lazaro de la Garza y Balles- I teros. Most Rev., iv, 120-122, 197, 212, 668, 670-673, 699 Lazcano, Esteban, iii, 647, 650 Lea, H. C, iii, 624 Leader of Mexican revolt of 1810, ii, 649-650 Leafy Cape, ii, 159 Leagues, Fr. Font's, ii, 176 Lean cattle, iv, 163 Leased Missions, iv, 369, 466- 467 Leather Jacket soldiers, ii, 14, 18, 22-23, 43, 61, 111, 356;-iii, 145 Lebret, Rev. Stanislaus, C. SS. CC, iv, 613, 621, 623-624, 627, 685;-autograph, 613 Lector, in religious Orders equivalent to "professor," see vol. i Leeches, the military like, iv, 157 Legislation, last, on Pious Fund, iv, 187, 203, 256 Legislation, ridiculous, iii, 323- 325 Legislative assembly, first, iii, 169;-last, iv, 484-485 Legislators elected in 1845, iv, 472 Legislators immortalize them- selves, iii, 600 Legrand, Rev. N., iv, 685 Leiva, mayordomo, iv, 308 Leiva, Rufino, iii, 33 Lengthy document of Alvarado, iv, 145 Leo, X, Pope, iii, 46;-iv, 304;- Bull of, 799-802 Leo XXL Pope, iii, 266, 278 Leo XIII, Pope, iii, 442 Leon, Spain, iii, 94 Leonidas, The, iv, 36, 230 Leonor, The, iv, 3 Lessees of Missions, iv, 448, 457, 463 Lesson learned by U. S. Gov- ernment, ii, 268-269 Lestrade, Rev. Anaclet, C. SS. CC, iv, 627, 685, 691 Leto, Antonio, iii, 13 Letter, characteristic of Fr. Du- ran, iv, 436;-his last, 468-469; -characteristic of Fr. Serra, ii, 385-389;-Fr. Serra to Fr. Palou, ii, 62-63, 66-68 ;-shame- 62 Index less of Alvarado to Fr. Du- ran, iv, 784-787 Letters of friars infrequent, ii, 67;-iii, 464;-expensive, ii, 458- 459 Letter postage in early days, ii, 113, 408-410 Leupp, Francis E., commission- er Indian affairs, ii, 270-271 Levant, The, iv, 551-555 Leyes de la Reforma not ex- pression of Mexican people, iii, 245 Llebaria, Rev. Juan Francisco, iv, 690, 694 Llera, Fr. Jose Maria Perez, iv, 296 Liam, rancheria, on Santa Cruz Island, ii, 619 Liberal Catholics, ii, 676-678;- iii, 619-620 Liberalism and liberty, iv, 82 Liberalism, anti-Christian, iv, 699;-ef?ects of, 417-421 ;-dis- guised Voltairianism, 779;-de- clares war on Religion, 699;- in German and Latin coun- tries, 131;-in Mexico, 281, 424, 590 Liberals in Latin and German, countries, ii, 334, 406;-party of false pretenses, iii, 95;- why they hate religious Or- ders, iii, 163, 171, 267, 506, 509, 565, 616-620 Liberato, Indian, ii, 507 Liberty, infidel conception of, iii, 275 Liberty that deserves applause, iii, 431 Liberty and equality, false talk on, iv, 306-307, 345 Liberty of friars violated, ii, 423, 424, 442 Liberty for Indians according to Echeandia, iii, 438;-bearing fruit, 326;-Indian conception of, 347 Liberty of neophytes under fri- ars, iii, 379-380, 384, see also Emancipation Liberty yielded by Indian to God, iv. 111 Liberty of Religion under Lib- eralism in Mexico, iii, 565;- iv, 281, 794-799 Liberties, unwarrantable, taken with reputation of priests and religious, iv, 806-812 Library, St. Bonaventure's, ii, 388;-Vallejo's, iv, 775-782 Libro de Patentes, ii, 627;-iii, 7, 85 Libro de Gobierno, iv, 627 License to retire. Neve over- ruled, ii, 290;-ment., 294-295, 422-423, 442-444, 627 Life of Bucareli (sketch), ii, 296;-of Bishop Diego, iv, 519; -of Fr. Duran, 522;-of Fr. Zalvidea, 525-526 Life of missionary, ii, 332-333; -open book, iv, 385;-after confiscation, 115-116;-under Echeandia, iii, 409-410;-of In- dians at Missions, ii, 252-256, 263-265, 467;-iv, 649;-under administrators, 273 Light on Mission spoliation, iii, 566 Lihuauhilame, rancheria, iii, 24 Lima, Peru, ii, 321;-iii, 168, 303, 450, 608;-iv, 113, 114, 116, 134;-council of, iii, 42 Limon, Cayetano, ii, 354, 355, 366 Limon, Francisco, iv, 481 Limii Island, Santa Cruz Is- land, ii, 618-619 Linares, Mexico, iv, 202, 518 Lincoln, President Abraham, iv, 745 Lindsay, Thomas, iv, 315 Lingard on English cruelties, iii, 627-629 Linguists among friars, ii, 252- 253 Lino, Antonio, iii, 13 Liquor and its uses, ii, 576-577 Liquor one cause of Indian ruin, iv, 641 Lisahua, rancheria, ii, 679 Lisbon riots, iv, 109 List of friars of Spanish birth, iii, 269-272 List of civil and military gov- ernors, iv, 816 List of ecclesiastical Superiors and Prelates, iv, 815 Litigation for Mission lands, iv, 747-771 Little River, Cal., ii, 155 Lives of friars open book, iv, 385 Index 63 Livestock of Missions in tabu- lar reports, iii, 6S3;-iv, 531 Livestock at Missions, ii, 114, 262, 638;-iii, 80 Livestock of soldiers, ii, 451 Livestock loaned illegally to Vallejo, iv, 138 Lizalde, Pedro, ii, 496 Lizana v Beaumont, Most Rev. Francisco Javier de, viceroy, ii, 647 Loans to governor not refund- ed, iii, 117 Lobato, Miguel Garcia, seizes Fr. Martinez, iii, 286-288;- jailor of, 293;-ment., 294, 301, 332-333 Lobato Valley, iii, 156 Lobos, Point, Cross raised by Fr. Palou, ii, 143, 165, 180 Location of pueblos, where not expedient, ii, 515-516 Loco parentis, in, ii, 117-119, 265, 275-278, see Rights of missionaries Locust plague, iii, 80 Loera, Rev. Nicolas, ii, 320 Loftv aspirations of friars, ii, 533 Loma, or Rubidoux Mt., ii, 667 Lompoc, Cal., ii, 435 Lonely life at Missions, ii, 525 Llorones, Ensenada de los, ii, 165, 180 Looms and spinning wheels, ii, 536 Lopez, Fr. Baldomero, at Santa Cruz, ii, 454;-vicar at College, 548;-discreto, iii, 3;-guardian, 47, 53, 56;-on drafts and stipends, 72-73 ;-petitions vice- roy, 72-76 ;-circular, 85-87 ;-on faculty to confirm, 91-92;-on secularization decree, 100-101; -ment., 84, 174, 195, 207-211;- autograph, 74 Lopez, Geronimo, iv, 707 Lopez, Gregorio, iii, 428, 429 Lopez, Ignacio, iii, 150, 157 Lopez, Fr. Ramon, O. P., iii, 17; -autograph, vol. i, 565 Lora, Fr. Juan Ramos, de, ii, 371 Lorenzana, Most Rev. Fran- cisco de, ii, 75, 160 Lorenzo, Bernardo Rodriguez, ii, 354 Lorenzo, Francisco Ruiz, iii, 97 Loreto, (L. C.) ii, 9, 61, 90, 110, 111, 130, 133, 139, 201, 212, 218, 317, 319, 348, 366, 394, 456, 483, 538, 598, 600, 608, 644, 659;-iii, 16, 17, 253, 347 Los Angeles, Nuestra Seiiora de los, or Porciiincula, ii, 31 Los Angeles, pueblo, founded ii, 366-367 ;-ment., 354, 394, 491, 513, 520, 542;-ayuntamiento of, iii, 397;-emancipated In- dians at, iii, 477-479, 481;- declared capital of California, S96;-settlers at, 611;-church at, 633 ;-poverty, 632;-ment., 49, 133, 150, 196, 237, 241, 260, 261, 364, 365, 402, 531, 645, 646, 651;-iv, Chico at, 5, 3S;-lynching at, 34-35 ;-repu- diates Alvarado, 61, 66-67;- rejoicing at Carrillo's ap- pointment, 74;-receives Mich- eltorena, 271;-Corpus Christi at, 280-281 ;-schools, 332 ;-capi- tal of California, 335, 336, 340, 388-389, 435, 450, 457, 492; -favors fee system for pastor, 401;-in fear of Jose Castro, 491;-taken by U. S. troops, 561;-shocking treatment of Indians, 648-650 ;-Sunday at, 650;-school for boys by Pic- pus Fathers, 677, 691;-Jesuits invited, 680;-Bishop Amat ar- rives, 718;-Sisters of Charity, 718;-fraudulent dates of Pio Pico, 725-727, 760-762 ;-ment., 16, 20, 30, 36, 118, 123, 127, 129, 148, 237, 259, 276, 277, 296, 308, 310, 311, 315, 327- 330, 463, 464, 470, 472, 477, 487, 516, 547-549, 558, 560, 563-565, 568, 570, 576, 581, 590, 591, 627, 628, 633, 636, 637, 683, 685, 698, 716, 726, 727, 781, 782, 784, 786 Los Angeles district, ii, 31, 59, 225;-iii, 645, 646;-iv, 390 Los Angeles Star on Mission times, iv, 649 Los Angeles Times, iv, 814 Los Coyotes Cafion, ii, 667 Los Nietos, or Santa Gertriidis grant, iii, 645 64 Index Los Ojitos, ii, 27, 29;-iv, 547, 727 Los Osos, site of Mission San Luis Obispo, ii, 39 Los Pinones, ii, 40 Los Tularcitos, iii, 646 Los Verdugos, iv, 578 Lot of neophytes deplorable, iii, 389 Louisa, The, iv, 781-782 Love, missionary's, for Indian souls, ii, 504;-iii, 304 Llover, Rev. Vicente, iv, 718- 719 Lower California ceded to Do- minicans, ii, 102, 108, 127;- ment., 4, 246, 284-285, 292, 293, 297, 442, 488;-Dominicans receive stipends, iii, 54, 73;- decadence of, 274;-ment., 148, 151, 269, 278, 346, 407, 408, 410, 456, 469, 471, 521, 609;-iv, in 1836, pp. 187-188;-a desert, 233;-bishop for, 664, 668, 670- 67S;-four Franciscans for, 675-676;-agreement between Dominicans and Franciscans, 708;-ment., 68, 123-124, 141, 241, 259, 294, 408, 442, 515, 521, 525, 603, 604, 616, 620, 630, 684, 694, 695, 793 Lower California oiificials and salaries, ii, 123 Lower California savages, ii, 14;-neophytes, 87, 112 Lower and Upper California separated, iii, 343, 346 Low moral standard of anti- Catholic authors and artists. iv, 806, 808, 812 Loyal despite provocation, ii, 284-285 Loyalty of friars questioned, iii, 237 Lucero, Rufina, iv, 415, 416 Lucluc, rancheria, iii, 24 Ludicrous commotion, iii, 572- 573 Lugo, Antonio Maria, iii, 266, 572, 646 Lugo, Felipe, iv, 310 Luis, Indian with Fr. Garces, ii, 199 Lull, Fr. Miguel, guardian, ii, 503;-solicitude for Fr. Las- uen, 533-534;-protest to vice- roy, 526-529 ;-ment., 548, 551; -iii, 3, 51, 207, 265;-autograph, ii, 534 Lummis, Charles F., on true education, ii, 267;-on Mission System, 246;-ment., 471;-iii, on Mission System, 497;-iv, 530;-on success of Missions, S23-S33;-on Spanish laws for Indians, 533 Lunel, l'"r. Vincent, commis- sary, iv, 304 Luquetze, Elzeario, ii, 571 Luz, Nuestra Seiiora de la, iv, 260, 793 Lynching at Los Aii;.;cles, iv, 34-35 M McCarthy, Dennis, at reception of Bishop Alemany, iv, 682 McCarthy, Sister Mary Martha, iv, 714 McCulloch, Hugh, iii, 168 McDougal, John, elected lieu- tenant-governor, iv, 660 McEnnis, Sister Frances, iv, 697 McGlynn, John A., iv, 682, 697 McKay. Sister Corsina, iv, 697 McKinley, James, iv, 460 McLaughlin, James, on Mission Indians, iv, 533-534 McNamara, Rev. Eugene, re- ■ ceived by Fr. Rubio, iv, 549;- colonization plan, 548-550 Machetes, iii, 60 Machinations of Neve, ii, 314, 382;-of Hijar-Padres, iii, 504- 507^ Machine cannot inspire self- sacrifice, iv, 498 Macias, Fr. Jose de Trinidad, iv, 676, 711 Maciel, Luis G., iv, 326 Macleod, Rev. Xavicr Donald, iv, 653 Madriaga, Bonifacio, iv, 148 Madrid, Rt. Rev. Joaquin, iv, 202 Madrid, Spain, reports for, ii, 446;-Fr. Martinez writing from, iii, 450 Magin, Indian, of San Fran- cisco Mission, ii. 507 Magno, Indian, of .San Fran- cisco Mission, ii, 507 Index 65 Magus, Simon, iv, 46 Mahomedan defeat, commemor- ation of, ii, 19 Maigret, Rt. Rev. Louis, C. SS. CC, iii, 6Sl-6S2;-iv, 612-615, 621 Mail carriers, ii, 450 Mail between California and Mexico, iii, 17, S46;-iv, 85 Maintenance of Bishop guaran- teed by Mexican Government, iv, 192-195, 203 Maitorena, Jose Joaquin, iii, 201, 252 Majagua, rancheria, ii, 680 Majority of people for friars, iii, 566;-opposed to confisca- tion, iv, 290-291 Malarln, Juan, iv, 127, 134, 781, 782 Malaspina, Alexandre, ii, 438- 440, 567, 679;-map of, 42;- autograph, 439 Maldonado, Jose M., iii, 530, 597;-iv, 33 Mai Galico, see Galico Malicious story of M. Vallejo, iv, 775-782 Malicious writers, ii, 373;-iv, 804-815 Mallorca university, ii, 653;- language, iii, 43 Malo, Ramon, iv, 364 Management of neophytes be- longs to missionaries, ii, 111, 119 Management of Missions by friars scrupulously honest and just, iv, 316-317 Mancisidor, Juan Ignacio, iii, 417 Manga, a garment, ii, 557 Mangino, Fernando Jose, ii, 121, 124, 279, 656 Mania of Pio Pico, iv, 339, 351, 366-367, 373, 433, 495-496 Manila, ii, 3, 325, 436;-iii, 259, 302;-iv, 51, 116 Mansilla, Fr. Tomas, O. P., iii, 278-279 ;-iv, 238, 515, 676 Mansisidor de Loreto, iii, 196 Manso, Juan, iv, 380, 387, 388, 454, 459 Manteca, ii, 55S;-iii, 69, 166, 459 Manual training at Missions, ii, 534-539, 560-561, S75;-iv, 527-536 Manuel, Jose, ii, 507;-iii, 408 Maps, The Old Franciscan Mis- sions, ii, facing p. xlvi;-of Monterey Bay, 42;-routes of Fr. Garces and Col. Anza, end of vol. ii March of Portola, order ob- served, ii, 23-24;-worst part, 38 Margil, Van. Fr. Antonio, li, 246, 401, 425;-iii, 46S;-iv, 78 Marin, T., Mexican Secretary of Interior, iv, 209-210, 222 Maria Magdalena and Marga- rita, first Indians baptized in California, ii, 29 Maria Ester, The, iii, 328 Maria Gertriidis, Indian, ii, 62 Mariano, Indian, iii, 204 Maria de Jesus, Indian child, ii, 491 Marine department of Cali- fornia, salaries and officials, ii, 123 Mariner, Fr. Juan, ii, 433, 490- 491, 542 Mariner, Juan, iii, 414 Marines, IJ. S., land at Mon- terey, iv, 552-554 Mariposas, arroyo, ii, 681 Maritime affairs, voyages, ii, 435-442 Marl Springs, or San Juan de Dios, ii, 194 Marquez, Manuel, iv, 481 Marquina, Felix Berenguer de, viceroy, ii, 597, 646;-auto- graph, 598 Marquinez, Fr. Marcelino, iii, 47 Marriage, aim of Indian girls, ii, 250;-banns invariably pre- ceded, 628;-Catholic and Prot- estant views, iv, 602-603 ;-con- tracted before priest invaria- bly, 413, 416, S97;-ceremony unlawfully performed, 415;-in California Constitution, 660;- first mixed before sectarian minister, 603;-by proxy, 125;- a Sacrament and indissolu- ble, 413, 414, 597, 602, 660;- shirked, 108;-Fr. Riibio's beau- tiful circular on, 602-603;- among savages, ii, 239;-of non-Catholics valid, 415, 600- 601, 660;-Gov. Mason's circu- 66 Index lar on Catholic, 601-602;-of soldiers and other decent men with Indian girls encouraged, ii, 114, 569;-iii, 639, 645 Marriages, clandestine, iv, 693; -perilous, 420-421 ;-in valid, 415-416, 597, 600-601 Marron, Juan Maria, iv, 308 Marsh, John, iv, 315 Marshall, James W. discovers gold, iv, 609-610 Martial law declared by Jose Castro, iv, 488 Martiarena, Jose Manuel de, ii, 495 Martiarena, Juan Bautista de, sindico, iii, 56, 151, 159, 209, 248, 249, 403, 407, 560;-iv, 26 Martin, Fr. Fernando, arrives, iii, 16;-will swear condition- ally, 237, 244;-on Echeandia's bando, 418-419;-slandered by Pico, 614;-ment., 272, 538;- iv, death of, 120;-autograph, iii, 419 Martin, Fr. Juan, at San Mig- uel, ii, 620-621 ;-iii, 11, 19, 22 Martin de Valencia, Fr., iv, 303 Martinez, Cal., ii, 98;-iv, 690 Martinez, Fr. Angel, iv, 213, 521 Martinez, Esteban, ii, 147, 320, 325, 370, 395, 437-438 Martinez, Ignacio, iii, 180, 215, 223, 224, 236, 251, 305;-iv, 124 Martinez, Ignacio Miguel, iv, 68, 69, 72 Martinez, Fr. Jesus Maria, iii, 407 Martinez, Leandro, iv, 228 Martinez, Fr. Luis Antonio, at San Luis Obispo, iii, 19;-ex- pedition to the Tulares, 24-25 ; -on cause of runaways, 34-36;- patriotism, 58-62 ;-on Cholos, 63;-generosity of, 70-71 ;-on political catechism, 106;- shamelessly treated, 231-233;- refuses to swear allegiance, 244;-slandered, 246-247, 300- 301, 303, 634;-demands and receives passport, 261-263, 280, 334;-idiosyncracies, 280- 281 ;-marked for expulsion, 278, 283;-arrested on flimsy charge, 286-294, 357;-locked up, brutally handled at Santa Barbara, 291-292, 332-336;- his forgiving spirit, 293-294, 332;-age of, 272, 332;-protest, 296-299;-banished, 303-304;- Vallejo's silly story, 303;-dis- satisfied with Spain, 450;- ment., 274, 451;-iv, 11, 596;- autograph, iii, 60 Martinez de Arenaza, Fr. Pas- cual, ii, 542 Martinez, Fr. Pedro Adriano, ii, 49S;-iii, 3, 17 Martyrdom desired, ii, 479;-iv, 12 Martyr's Point, ii, 158 Mary, Blessed Virgin, panegy- ric on, iv, 260 Maryland, iv, 697, 718 Marysville, Cal., iv, 715 Mason, Colonel Richard B., succeeds General Kearny as military governor, iv, 583;- orders against squatters on Mission property, 584-588;- forbids sale of Mission lands, 583-588, 724;-lauds Mormon battalion,. 590-S91;-appoints Indian agents, 593-595 ;-in- structions to, 595-596 ;-cour- tesy to priests, 59S-S96;-con- sideration for laws of Cath- olic Church, 597-598 ;-forbids meddling with Catholic mar- riages, 597-598 ;-circular on Catholic marriages, 601;-solic- itude for Indians, 593-595, 639, 641-646;-reports discovery of gold, 609-610;-permits Jose Castro's return, 632;-on Pio Pico, 632-633, 636;-proclama- tion on treaty of peace, 630- 632;-proclamation against sale of liquor to Indians, 641;-gives Mariano Vallejo a lesson, 644; -recommends the lash for horsethieves, 643;-urges aid- ing priests in charge of In- dians, 645-646 ;-retires, 604, 646;-like Halleck not duly , appreciated, 644;-ment., 605, 617, 638, 725, 728, 817 Mass, Holy, first at Monterey Bay, ii, 75, 146;-at Mission San Antonio, 88;-at Dolores Mission, 204 Mass, Holy, on the march, ii, 23, 24, 29-31, 34, 36, 43, 46, 47, 51-53, 56-59, 95-7, 141, 142, Index 67 174, 175, 178, 180, 181;-iii, 147 Mass, Holy, on the voyage, ii, 8, 133, 147, 151, 152, 155 Mass, Holy, of thanksgiving, ii, 16, 133;-iii, 147 Mass, Holy, at the presidios, ii, 183, 416, 418-420, 427-428 Mass, High, in the Missions, ii, 256;-at Port Santiago, 322;- on the Sacramento, iii, 27 Masses, Holy, for deceased fri- ars, agreement, ii, S96;-iv, 708-709 Massacre on the Colorado, ii, 353;-of Indians by settlers, iv, 318, 653-654 ;-at Clear Lake, 314 Matadero, place of Indian fight, iv, 308 Mateo, Indian, iv, 311 Material success of the Mis- sions, iv, 532-533 Maurelle, Francisco, ii, 161, 321 Maxims of Voltaire, iv, 794 Maximum and Minimum allow- ance for Divine Worship, iv, 42-50 Maya, Fr. Antonio, ii, 597 Mayor, La, vineyard, iv, 266, 736 Mayordomos, ii, 112 {-salaries, iv, 164;-character of, 216-217 Mayorga, Martin de, viceroy, writing to De Croix, ii, 289;- overrules Neve, 289-290 ;-de- clares friars free to retire, 295;-ends quibbling, 361;-re- ports to king, 361, 381 ;-asks for missionaries, 371-372;- conciliates Fr. Guardian, 375- 376;-decides against Neve, 423;-ment., 305, 358, 416, 418, 544;-autograph, 290 Mazatlan, Mexico, iii, 37, 62, 148, 246;-iv, 70, 270, 302, 551 Mea Culpa that was not said, iv, 496 Meals at the Missions, ii, 554- 556 Meaning of Act of September, 13, 1813, iii, 120 Means necessary to convert savages, ii, 383-384 Means of subsistence for Bish- op not provided, iv, 668-669;- demanded by Holy See, 671 Measure of doubtful value, ii, 450 Measure for grain, see Grain Mechanical arts at Missions, ii, 332, 534-539 ;-iv, 530-536 Mechanics in early days, ii, 450, 535-539 Meddling with spiritual affairs, ii, 302-318, 333-334, 349, 383;- iv, 420-422 Medical treatment refused by Fr. Serra, ii, 397 Medicine men, Indian, ii, 30 Medicines, lack of, ii, 14, 576 Medina, Jose, teacher, ii, 474 Members of Castro's junta, iv, 481;-of last assembly, 484- 485, 495, 565, see Assembly;-of U. S. Land Commission, 731- 732;-of Fr. Martinez court- martial, iii, 301 Meeting of conspirators against Gov. Victoria, iii, 361-362 Meeting to provide for orphans at San Francisco, iv, 697 Megalomania of M. Vallejo, iv, 792 Memorable novena to St. Jos- eph, ii, 62-64 Memorial of Fr. Serra, ii, 109- llS;-of Fr. Pangua, 377-381;- of San Fernando College, 372- 375;-of Fr. Lasuen, 419-427;- of Bishop Diego, see Diego;- of Fr. Duran, see Duran Memorias, ii, 378, 461-462, 578- 579, 643, 651;-iii, 16-17, 55, 73- 74, 19S;-last one, 210;-ment., 227, 393, 424;-sample of, 647- 650;-iv, ment., 52, 84 Memphis, Egypt, iv, 289 . Mental exertion distasteful to Indians, ii, 273 Mental qualifications required in missionary friars, ii, 245 Mendacity of a modern would- be historian, iii, 654-656 Mendicant friars, iii, 110;-iv, 304 Mendocino Cape, ii, 3 Mendocino County Indians, iii, 609;-iv, 654 Mercado, Fr. Jesus Maria Vas- quez de, arrives, iii, 442;-as- signed to San Rafael, 452;- at Soledad, 454;-accused, sus- pended, 4(51 ;-declared inno- 68 Index cent, 462;-on Fr. Sarria, 570;- iv, reminds M. Vallejo of duty, 248-249; -honored by Bishop, 427;-tithe collector, 422;-warns against revolt, 424;-seized by Castro, ban- ished, 326, 422-429 ;-ment., 128, 237, 415, S68;-autograph, iii, 462 Merced, or Order of Our Lady of Ransom, iii, 572 Merced Lake, ii, 143 Merced River, ii, 62 Merino, Fr. Augustin, ii, 495, 547 Merritt, Ezekiel, iv, 542, S64 Mervine, William, iv, SSI, 552, 565, 568 Mesa, Rev. Jose de, ii, 440 Mesa, Jose, iv, 311, n(>-m Mesa, jfuan Prado, iv, 313 Mesa, La, battle at, iv, 578 Mescaltitan, Indian villages, ii, 37 Messengers of Christ's Gospel, missionaries, ii, 242-244, 364, 383-384, 603, 604;-iii, 311-313;- iv, 527-530 Messenger of the Sacred Heart, New York, ii, 673. Metate, ii, 563;-iii, 64 Methods of Franciscans, ii, 242- 278, see Mission System Method of correcting Indians forced upon missionaries, iii, 458 Methods employed in looting Missions, iv, 133-135, 138 Metropolitan Chapter, Mexico, appoints Fr. Riibio adminis- trator, iv, 521;-proposes can- didates for bishop, 189-190, 670, 672 Mezcal, ii, 576 Mezquia, Father Pedro de Perez, ii, 246 Mexicana, The, ii, 441 Mexican congress rejects Ech- andla's anti-mission scheme, iii, 325;-opposed to seculariza- tion, 3S0;-passes decree of secularization, 518-S20;-iv, re- peals same, 14;-confirms trea- ty of peace, 629 Mexican disorders, iii, 317-318; -threaten California, 492-493 Mexican friars replace Span- iards, iii, 277, 307, 442, 452;- iv, less timid, 393 Mexican Government, animus of, iii, 219-220 ;-annoyed, 254, 257;-not eager for seculariza- tion, 320, 3S4;-condemns Echeandia's bando, 468-469;- unable to avenge Victoria, 373;-ment., 245, 286, 328, 345, 417, 442-445, 459, 467, 553, 561, S67;-iv, appeals to Fr. Du- ran, 428-429;-asks the Pope for Bishop for California, 190-192 ;-promises unreliable, 240;-subsistence not furnished, 668-669;-informed of Bishop's death, S18;-requests Zacate- can Fathers to accept Lower California, 672, 675-676;-re- fuses to recognize Bishop Alemany, 670-672, 694-695;- requests Fr. Riibio to accept Lower California as adminis- trator, 671-672;-petitions the Pope for Bishop of Lower California, 664-665, 668, 670; -must first provide mainte- nance, 671;-sends Hijar as commissioner to California, 388-389 ;-repudiates Figueroa's Reglamento, 112;-not to blame for ruin, 7, 16;-forbids sale of Missions, 455 Mexican infantry arrives, iii, 63- 66;-iv, 270-271 Mexican independence, iii, 108, 222, 238, 252-253 ;-oath of al- legiance taken, 148, lS8;-rec- ognized by Spain, 80-81 Mexican Liberals, iii, 110, 515- 517, 565, 570;-iv, 281, 418-419, 794-799 Mexican name detested, iv, 104 Mexican revolt of Hidalgo be- gins decay of Missions, ii, 651 Mexican revolters blamed for national weakness, iv, 114 Mexican rulers unjustly claim to be Catholics, iii, 245 Mexicans and Californians, iv, 52-53, 106;-did little for the country, iii, SOO;-in control of southern California, iv, 565;- force at San Pascual, 571;- retire before Kearny, 575;- surrender, 578 Mexico, apostles of, iv, 303;- Index 69 California dependent upon, iii, 335;-neglects California, iv, 52- S4;-unable to aid territory, 73, 114, 493-494 ;-disorders in, 73, 417, 421;-unscrupulous politicians to blame, 281-282, 498;-tries to hold California, 428-429 Mexico's happiest administra- tion, ii, 296 Mexico's Indians, ii, 337 Michael, the Archangel, patron of missionary colleges, ii, 223 Michegua on Fr. Payeras's route, iii, 143 Mich eltorena, Jose Manuel, named governor, iv, 269;-ar- rives, 270;-notifies Bishop Di- ego, 271;-celebrates Corpus Christi, 280-281 ;-noble senti- ments, 251-253 ;-grants land for seminary, 261-262 ;-grants titles to Missions of San Luis Obispo and San Miguel, 265- 266;-petitioned to grant title to all Church property, 264- 265;- restores Missions to friars, 272-277, 430, 766-769;- declares Missions private property, 268;-escapes perpe- trating a wrong, 293;-estab- lishes schools, 332-334;-de- clares neophyte land private property, 339;-incurs wrath of paisano chiefs, 325;-procIama- tion against rebels, 326-327;- refuses to recognize Pico's assembly, 328;-surrenders and departs, 329-330;-mor ally clean, 334-335;-Ban crof t's view, 331-332 ;-intercedes with Bishop for Montereyans, 391- 392;-betrayed by paisanos, 423-424, 428;-ment., 105, 244, 282, 285-287, 303, 315, 336, 344, 359, 360, 365, 375, 377, 397, 418, 420, 433, 470, 471, 485, 503, 587, 734, 736, 770, 771, 785, 817;-autograph, iv, 276 _ Michigan Indian languages, iii, 609 Michoacan, diocese of, iv, 793 Middle Ages, ii, 348 Middleton, Ireland, iv, 714 Midnight struggle of Fr. Serra, ii, 339 Migorel, Rev. Felix, C.SS.CC, at Santa Ines, iv, 626;-re- tires, 690;-ment., 625, 685, 691 Miguel, Fr. Jose de, arrives, ii, 453;-ment., 534, 550, 551 Milan, Indian, ii, 507 Militarv arrogance and despot- ism, 'iii, 31, 33, 39-40, 336 Military force in 1790, ii, 450- 451, see Presidio Military, idleness and jealousy source of troubles, ii, 406-407 Military inspector, ii, 430-431 Military ungrateful, iii, 314, see Soldiers Military, U. S., by missionaries preferred to politicians, iv, 597;-not free from brutality, 596 Milk disliked by Indians, ii, 203 Mill useless for lack of water, iii, 165 Millerton, Cal., ii, 682 Mills at Missions, ii, 638 Milpitas, Cal., ii, 90 Milroy, R. H., U. S. Indian agent, iv, 537 Mines not known in time of friars, iii, 122, but see p. 632 Mining gold, manner of, iv, 611 Ministers of Religion humiliat- ed before Indians, iii, 579-580 Minors, neophytes, before the law, iv, 316 Minor Orders conferred, iv, 228, 258;-within power of Franciscan Superiors in cer- tain localities, 304 Mirabeau, French infidel, iii, 218 Miramon, M., Mexican Presi- dent, iv, 699 Miranda, Alejo, ii, 494 Mirth, cause for, ii, 521-523 Misgivings, ii, 293, 294, 301 Mishap at Dolores Mission, ii, 499-500;-to the San Carlos, 130 Misrule, nine years of paisano, iv, 338-339, 358 Mission Bay, or Los Llorones, ii, 180, 204 _ Mission administration scrupu- lously honest, ii, 580;-iv, 316- 317;-amusements, ii, 254-255, 263, 564-567 ;-archives, Intro- duction, vol. ii, pp. xxi-xxiv;- 70 Index architecture, ii, 247-249; iv, 534, 536; assets, ii, 466-467; iii, 117-119;-beginnings of a, ii, 246-248, 263-264, 446-447;- bells, ii, 627;-churches and chapels, etc., property of Church, iv, 265, 734-745;- clothing, ii, 556-5S7;-contri- butions to king, see Dona- tivo;-to the soldiery, see Drafts ;-from old to new Mis- sions, ii, 8, 84, 118, 434;-cred- itors, iv, 363-364, 367, 440;- debts, iv, 438-440, 446, 485;- despoilers not guided by Re- ligion, iv, 424;-drawbacks, ii, 62, 81, 244, iii, 43, 608-611;- exercises, religious, ii, 251, 253- 257, 448-449, 553, 627-628; iii, 5-6, 611-616;-family, patriar- chal, ii, 265, 275;-first years at a, ii, 512;-food, ii, 254, 554- 556, 566-567, 637; iii, 264;-funds or revenues, ii, 247, 459, 466, 577-580, 636;-funds requisite for founding a, ii, 247, 372, 433;-giant's last throes, iv, 470;-guards, ii, 362;-Indians orderly, iv, 306;-compared with emancipated, 346;-far- thest advanced of any, 533-534; -history of for a century, 533;-under Spanish laws, 729- 731;-industries, ii, 258-264, 560-564, 637-638; iv, 86-88;- lands not national property, iv, 503;-property of Indians, iii, 384; iv, 338, 437, 506;- ownership decided by U. S. courts, iv, 733-771 ;-coveted by paisano chiefs, iii, 104, 314-315, 374, 388-389, 499;- lands granted, see Grants ;- lands divided unjustly, iii, 392-393 ;-languages, see Draw- backs ;-life, happy, ii, 263- 365; iv, 649;-loot no bless- ing, iv, 137-138 ;-mayordomos, ii, 249;-products, ii, 258-263; iii, 80; iv, 18, 532-535, see Tabular Reports ;-progress, ii, 498; iii, 79-80 ;-property, re- sult of neophyte industry, iv, 87-88, 92, 93, 337-338;-first attack on property, iii, 216;- in charge of comisionados. iii, 595-596;-records, ii, 627; iv, 727;-reports, ii, 137-139, 444-449;-regulations, ii, 246, 626-630;-question, summary, iii, 311-316; iv, 527-528;-requi- sites for church and field, ii, 7, 83, Zn-Z1Z, 375, 377-378;- routine, ii, 2S3-256;-ruin threatened, ii, 370-371 ;-sites recommended, ii, 493, 624;- statistics, ii, 445-448, 512, see Statistics ;-staples, iii, 80, 653; iv, 535;-success, spiritual, ii, 512; iii, 653; iv, 527-530;-suc- cesses, temporal, ii, 512; iii, 653; iv, 530-537 ;-supplies re- ceived, see Mem6rias;-sup- plies furnished, see Drafts, Contributions, Taxes ;-system vindicated, ii, 270, see Sys- tem;-temporalities, see in list; -tiles sfolen, iv, 727 Missionaries, the, all to all, ii, 513;-iv, 527-528, see Self-sacri- ficing, Unselfish ;-accused and defended, ii, 551-585 ;-aid in securing territory for Spain, ii, 5, 380, 511, 537, 585;-iii, 312;- alone, one, at Mission, ii, 424, 524;-assigned to Cali- fornia, ii, 84-85 ;-character of, iv, 292, 512-513, 519-520, 527- 532;- conceal their sorrow, iii, 542-543 ;-after confiscation, iv, 139-140;-courteous to govern- ment officials, iv, 22;-would not be called curates, iii, 580; iv, 459, 545, 580;-defended, iii, 404-405, 660-663; iv, 804, see Forbes ;-defenders of In- , dians, iii, 193, 227-228; iv, 316, 377, see Fr. Duran;-desire to be let alone, ii, 416;-dis- heartened, ii, 210, 337, 381- 389, 531-533; iii, 187-188, '254; iv, 297-298;- enemies of, iii, 565, see Neve, Echeandia, Bandini, Pico, Vallejo, Pa- dres, etc. ;-voluntary exiles, ii, 639;-expenses paid from Pious Fund, ii, 5-6;-exoner- ated, ii, 582-583; iii, 13-16;- fearless guardians of neo- phytes, ii, 5Sl-582;-iii, 223- 224, 228;-faculties of, iv, 298- 30S;-always on fire-line, ii, Index 71 113;-forbidden to travel with- out guards, ii, 610, 636-637;- hampered by secular rulers, ii, 3S2-3S3, see Neve, Fages, Rivera, Echeandia, etc.;- heads of great Mission fami- lies, ii, 117, 119, 275; iii, 630;- humiliations of, iv, 98, 100- 103, lis, 180-181;- influence recognized by U. S. officers, iv, 537, 59S-596;-never inter- fered with civil or military af- fairs, ii, 314, 425;-law-abiding subjects, iii, 357, 382;-life re- garded as hazardous, ii, 378;- must live by twos at each Mission, ii, 82, 124, 247, 279, 280, 331-335, 418, 427, 523- S29;-management scrupulous- ly honest, ii, 580; iii, 319; iv, 18;-messengers of Christ's Gospel, ii, 242-244, 383-384, 594, 639; iv, 528;-money sti- pends not received from Mexico, iii, 561 ;-ignorant of Montesdeoca Order, iv, 512;- murdered on the Colorado, ii, 335;- highest number of, ii, 632;-object of, ii, 242-244; iii, 311-313; iv, 527-528 ;-only one at a Mission, ii, 424, 524;- overburdened, ii, 274; iii, 225- 226;-not mere overseers, clerks, or supply agents, iii, 115; iv, 28;-have parental au- thority over neophytes, ii, 117-120;-patience of, iv, 82- 84, 100, see Humiliations ;- poisoned, iv, ll-12;-punished Indians like fathers, iii, 14; iv, 153;-prove Indians capa- ble of civilization, iv, 654- 65S;-attend to spiritual wants of presidios, ii, 282; iii, 48;- well qualified, ii, 24S;-neces- sary qualities of, ii, 102, 245, 378, 47S-476;-rightfuI claim to rations, ii, 124;-denied by Neve, 279-291 ;-self-sacrificing, ii, 363, 612; iii, 226; iv, 316, 319-320, S12;-servants of, and their wages, ii, 124-125 ;-sent by king, not by Superiors, ii, 81;-solitude of, ii, 424, 524- 525, '-spirit of, ii, 423;-stew- ards for neophytes, iii, 312;- retained for sake of soldiers, iii, 246;-subsistence of, be- grudged, iii, 315;-success of, iii, 423-424; iv, 527-537, 657;- tales about, in word and pic- ture, iv, 804-815 ;-trusted by neophytes, ii, 277-278; iv, 316;-unselfish, ii, 549-590, 640; iii, 405; iv, 93, 151, 312, 316, 512-513 ;-zeal of, see Zeal. Missionaries stationed in Cali- fornia during Mission period, 1769-1854 I. Fernandinos Fr. Abella, Ramon Fr. Altimira, Jose Fr. Amestoy, Marcos Fr. Amoros, Juan Fr. Amtirrio, Gregorio Fr. Arenaza, Pascual de Fr. Arroita, Jose Fr. Barcenilla, Isidoro Fr. Barona, Jose Fr. Boscana, Geronimo Fr. Cabot, Juan Fr. Cabot, Pedro Fr. Calzada, Antonio Fr. Cambon, Pedro Benito Fr. Campa y Cos, Miguel Fr. Carnicer, Baltasar Fr. Carranza, Domingo Fr. Catala, Magin Fr. Catalan, Benito Fr. Cavalier, Jose Fr. Cipres, Marcelino Fr. Cortes, Juan Lope Fr. Crespi, Juan Fr. Cruzado, Antonio Fr. Cuesta, Felipe Arroyo Fr. Cueva, Pedro de la Fr. Danti, Antonio Fr. Dulanto, Andres Fr. Dumetz, Francisco Fr. Duran, Narciso Fr. Escude, Jayme Fr. Espi, Jose de la Cruz Fr. Estenaga, Thomas Fr. Estevan, Pedro Fr. Faura, Jose Fr. Fernandez, Gregorio Fr. Fernandez, Jose Maria Fr. Fernandez, Manuel Fr. Figuer, Juan Fr. Fortuni, Buenaventura Fr. Fuster, Vicente 72 Index Fr. Garcia, Diego Fr. Garcia, Jose Fr. Gil y Taboada, Luis Fr. Gill, Bartolome Fr. Giribet, Miguel Fr. Gomez, Francisco Fr. Gonzalez, Francisco Fr. Gutierrez, Romualdo Fr. Horra, Antonio Fr. Ibaiiez, Florencio Fr. Ibarra, Francisco Fr. Iturrate, Domingo Fr. Jaume, Luis Fr. Jayme, Antonio Fr. Jimeno, Antonio Fr. Jimeno, Jose Joaquin Fr. Juncosa, Domingo Fr. Landaeta, Martin Fr. Lasuen Fermin Francisco Fr. Lazaro, Nicolas Fr. Lopez, Baldomero Fr. Lopez, Jacinto Fr. Lopez, Julian Fr. Mariner, Juan Fr. Marquinez, Marcelino Fr. Martiarena, Jose Manuel Fr. Martin, Fernando Fr. Martin, Juan Fr. Martinez, Adriano Fr. Martinez, Luis Fr. Merelo, Lorenzo Fr. Merino, Agustin Fr. Miguel, Jose de Fr. Moreno, Juan Fr. Mugartegui, Pablo Fr. Muiioz, Pedro Fr. Murguia, Jose Antonio Fr. Noboa, Diego Fr. Nocedal, Jose Fr. Noriega, Matias Fr. Nuez, Joaquin Pascual Fr. Olbes, Ramon Fr. Oliva, Vicente Pascual Fr. Oramas, Cristobal Fr. Ordaz, Bias Fr. Palou, Francisco Fr. Panella, Jose Fr. Panto, Jose Pedro Fr. Parron, Fernando Fr. Paterna, Antonio Fr. Payeras, Mariano Fr. Peiia, Thomas de la Fr. Pelri, Antonio Fr. Pieras, Miguel Fr. Prestamero, Juan Fr. Pujol, Francisco Fr. Quintana, Andres Fr. Rioboo, Junan Antonio Fr. Ripoll, Antonio Fr. Rubi, Mariano Fr. Rodriguez, Antonio Fr. Sainz, Juan de Lucio Fr. Salazar, Alonso Fr. Sanchez, Francisco Miguel Fr. Sanchez, Jose Bernardo Fr. Sancho, Juan Bautista Fr. Santa Maria, Vicente de Fr. Santiago, Juan Norberto Fr. Sarria, Vicente Franc, de Fr. Seiian, Jose Fr. Serra, Junipero Fr. Sitjar, Buenaventura Fr. Sola, Faustino de Fr. Somera, Jose Angel Fr. Suiier, Francisco Fr. Tapis, Estevan Fr. Torrens, Hilario Fr. Ulibarri, Roman de Fr. Uria, Francisco Xavier Fr. Uria, Jose Antonio de Fr. Urresti, Jose Antonio Fr. Usson, Ramon Fr. Viader, Jose Fr. Viiials, Jose Fr. Vitoi*ia, Marcos Antonio Fr. Vizcaino, Juan Fr. Zalvidea, Jose Maria II. Zacatecanos 1833-18S4 Fr. Anzar, Antonio Fr. Diego, Rt. Rev. Garcia Fr. Gutierrez, Jose Maria Fr. Mercado, Jose Maria Fr. Moreno, Rafael Fr. Muro, Miguel Fr. Perez, Bernardino Fr. Quijas, Lorenzo Fr. Real, Antonio Fr. Real, Jose Maria Fr. Rubio, Jose Maria Fr. Sanchez, Francisco III. Queretaranos On the Colorado Riyer, 1780-1781 Fr. Barreneche, Juan Fr. Diaz, Juan Fr. Garces, Francisco H. Fr. Moreno, Matias Missionary colleges, privileges of, ii, 298;-spirit in, 477-479 Missionary wounded by sav- ages, ii, 612;-murdered, iii, 12 Index 73 The Twenty-one Missions of California in Alphabetical Order: Mission Purisima Concepcion, preparations, ii, 372, 432;- founded, 435, SSI, 601;-Fath- ers assigned, 43S;-donations for new Missions, 4S4;-ment., S42, S51; iii, Fr. Payeras, 7;- earthquake, 16;-elections, ISO; -troops supplied, 168;-Fr. Payeras dies, 171-172;-revolt, 19S-196, 203;-Indians executed, 204;-confiscated, S31;-wealth, 633;-alIeged slaughter, 6S9;- ment., 89, 28S, 396, 397, 489, S61;-iv, Hartnell, lSl;-Confir- mation, 263;-restored to Fath- ers, 274, 277;-affairs in 1843 and 1845, pp. 322, 356;-Fr. Moreno protests, 364;-aban- doned, 370, 373;-for sale, 445; -sold, 458, 460, 49S;-ment., 279, 296, 433, 537, 625, 685, 812 Mission de Maria Santisima, Nuestra Senora de la Sole- dad, site, ii, 452;-founded, 4S4;-Fathers named, 4S4;-no foreign vessels, 471 ;-FF. Rubl and Gill, 482;-ment., 334, 542; -iii, Gov. Arrillaga dies, 8-9;- supplies for soldiers, 19, 123; -Fr. Payeras, 87, 113;-Fr. Uria, 196, 233, 259;-Fr. Sar- ria, 290, 571;-Fr. Mercado, 454;-confiscated, S31;-Fr. Sar- ria dies, S68-570;-wealth, 634;- ment., 395, 397, 453;-iv, Hart- nell, 152;-in ruins, 217;-al- most extinct, 296;-abandoned, 373;-for sale, 44S;-sold, 460, 507;-visited occasionally, 412; -ment., 237, 68S Mission San Antonio de Padua, founded, ii, 40, 87-89;-mis- sionaries, . 8S;-distress, 100- 101, --guards needed, lll;-re- volt at, 16S;-Anza, 171, 178, 185;-Fr. Serra confirms, 301, 367, 399;-ment., 71, 82, 85, 129, 131, 215, 320, 341, 344, 370, 441, 447, 453, 491 542; -iii, supplies for troops, 199; -Indians refuse freedom, 351; -confiscated, 531;-Fr. Sarria's burial, S68-570;-Fr. Sitjar's dictionary, 611;-wealth, 634; ment., 11, 150, 296, 395, 397, 453, 454, 489, 561, 570, 571;-iv, Hartnell, 151-152;- diocesan Patrons, 261;-Bishop Diego, 263;-restored to friars, 274, 277;-for rent, 447;-too poor to be sold, 508;-ment., 237, 296, 302, 398, 410, 412, 522, 685, 727 Mission San Buenaventura, preparations, ii, 7, 104;-site, 34;-missionaries, 85, 86, 92;- postponed, 93, 104, 35S;-guards needed, lll;-Neve foiled, 335; -founded, 367-369 ;-Vancouver, 470;-Fr. Lasuen, 496;-ment., 66, 82, 83, 85, 90, 93, 372, 382, 454, 491, S42;-iii, Indian fight, 31-33;-Fr. Cuculla, 409;-con- fiscated, 531;-wealth, 632-633; -ment., 3, 84, 150, 178, 195, 395, 397, 466, 489, 575;-iv, con- fiscated, 30-31;-battle, 75;- Hartnell, 149;-first secular priest, 258;-Confirmation, 259; -restored to friars, 274, 277;- a parish, 295-296;-condition in 1844, pp. 323-324; temporal af- fairs, 3S5;-for rent, 446;- leased, 458, 459, 461, 496;-sold, 507;-title deed, 509-511 ;-ment., 39, 73, 180, 237, 295, 310, 311, 381, 418, 454, 469, 491, 516, 616, 685, 690, 726 Mission San Carlos de Borro- meo (Carmelo), preparations, ii, 7;-site, 54;-founded at Mon- terey, 74-75 ;-Corpus Christi, 78;-moved to Carmelo, 83, 84, 87, 89, 93;-guards needed. 111; -freight for, 159, 382;-sailors' vow, 160, 320;-Anza, 179-182; -Indian alcaldes, 338-341 ;-do- nativo, 390;-Fr. Serra ill, dies, 396-402 ;-Fr. Palou, 402-404;- Fr. Lasuen, 405;-La Perouse, 435-436, 646;-Malaspina, 439- 441 ;-Vancouver, 469;-Fr. La- suen dies, 596;-retreat place, 630 ;-Gov. Arrillaga takes oath, 646;-ment., 153, 168, 169, 171, 386, 447, 466, 542;-iii, supplies for troops, 19;-disorderly guards, 3S;-Cholos. 62-66;-sad condition, 81-82, 460-461 ;-to be 74 Index suppressed, 176;-bled to death, 387;-poverty, 394;-to be pu- eblo, 382-383 ;-Zacatecan Fath- er in charge, 4S2;-confiscated, S31;-inventory, S34;-wealth, 634;-first land grant, 640-643; -ment., ISO, 395, 396, 44S, 599; -iv, in ruins, lS2;-pueblo, 373; -attended from Monterey, 395; -for sale, 446;-men't., 128, 237, 296, 508, 685 Mission San Diego de Alcala, preparations, ii, 7;-founded, 19;-attempted baptism, 21-22;- buildings, 61;-more friars ar- rive, 85, 89;-food scarce, 100; -Fr. Serra, 103-108, 131;- guards needed, lll;-Fr. Palou, 128;-moved up river, 169;- destroyed by Indians, 170;- Church asylum violated, 185- 187;-ordered rebuilt, 213;- Fathers assigned, 215;-work suspended, 211;-Fr. Serra confirms, 320;-alcaldes, 344;- freight, 382;-donativo, 390;- Fr. Serra confirms, 398;-do- nations for new Missions, 454;-situation, 587-588 ;-retreat place, 630;-ment., 237, 264, 447, 536, 542;-iii, supplies de- manded, 235;-soldiers quar- tered at, 236;-situation, 418- 419;-emancipation, 483-484, 497-498;-confiscated, 531;- wealth, 631-632;-cattle slaugh- ter, 6S8;-ment., 128, 142, 150, 350, 397, 418, 427;-iv, Hart- nell, 147;-Fr. Oliva, 237, 323;- restored to friars, 274, 277;- confiscated, 320-321 ;-aflfairs in 1843, p. 323;-for rent, 447;- debts, 496;-sold, 507;-olive culture, S34;-revolt, 537 ;-U. S. troops, 589;-Rev. Juan Crisos- tomo Holbein, 613;-Fr. Du- ran, 776;-ment., 309, 358, 374, 390, 515, 768, 809-810 Mission San Fernando Rey, site, ii, 32;-founded, 496;- ment., 542, 623, 682;-iii, do- nativo, 168;-tale of woe, 227- 228;-to be pueblo, 239-240;- confiscated, 531;-wealth, 632;- ment., 150, 230, 374, 395, 397, 416, 466, 575, 576;-iv, Fr. Ca- bot dies, 79;-Hartnell, 148;- Bishop Diego, 259;-restored to friars, 274, 277;-battle near, 328-329 ;-Micheltorena sur- renders, 330;-temporalities, 357;-for rent, 446;-leased, 458, 459, 471, 495;-sold, 508;- Pio Pico, 633-635 ;-burial reg- ister, 727;-ment., 35, 39, 184, 237, 279, 296, 309, 311, 515, 526, 685, 816 Mission San Francisco de Asis, (Dolores), name assigned, ii, 7;-preparations, 140;-site, 181; -postponed, 201, 674;-founded, 204-205;-opened, 207-208;- Fathers assigned, 215;-Fr. Serra, 220-221, 304, 324-326;- Neve obstructs, 280-290;-Fr. Serra, 399;-Vancouver, 469- 470;-runaways, 499-500;-mor- tality, 500;-Fr. Fernandez de- mented, 501;-Sola excited, 501-502 ;-Indian attack, 503;- retreat place, 630;-Langs- dorff, 634-640 ;-ment., 387, 492, 542;-iii, mortality, 29-30;- poverty, 151;-rough climate, 175;-to be abandoned, 176;- saved, 184;-Mexican Constitu- tion celebrated, 21S-216;-Zac- atecan in charge, 452;-con- fiscated, 531;-Indian flogged by comisionado, 591 ;-wealth, 636;-ment., 79, 154, 178-182, 264, 395, 397, 489, 561;-iv, Hartnell, 154;-Bishop Diego, 266-2^7 ;-school at, 332, 334;- to be sold, 445, 446;-fraudu- lent title, 508;-seminary, 716; -ment., 177-178, 217, 237, 296, 373, 391, 394, 398, 412, 516, 616, 628, 685 Mission San Francisco Solano, founded, ii, 178;-Zacatecan in charge, 452;-confiscated, 531;- awful indictment, 581-589;- without priest, 591;-wealth, 636;-ment., 457, 487, 590;-iv, under Vallejo, 154-155, 508;- ruin, 215-217;-pueb!o, 373;- without priest, 394, 398;-Rev. Stanislaus Lebret, 686;-ment., 137, 218, 237, 296, 515, 616, 690, see Sonoma Mission San Gabriel Arcangel, site, ii, 60;-preparations, 82;- founded, 91 ;-Fathers assigned. Index 75 8S, 90, 21S;-Indian attack, 92; -guards needed, lll;-scant food, 100, 136, 172;-Fr. Serra, 103;-Anza, Fr. Garces, 136- 137;-Anza, 177, 189;-Fr. Gar- ces, 19S;-Fr. Zalvidea, 277;- High Mass by, Fr. Serra, 367;- -confirms, 301;-last visit, 398; -donativo, 390;-contribution for new Missions, 454;-me- • chanics, S36;-retreat place, 630;-ment., 104, 128, 13S-137, 168-169, 171, 172, 177, 195, 213- 215, 287, 343-346, 353-355, 365- 366, 491, 542, 622, 681;-iii, elections, lSO;-Fr. Sanchez disgusted, 260-261 ;-to have paisano monastery, 323-325;- Gov. Victoria resigns, 364;-to be pueblo, 349, 383;-Zacatecan Fathers, 408;-Fr. Zalvidea, 420;-Fr. Sanchez dies, 451;- confiscated, 531 ;-grapewine, 571;-wealth,632;-cattle slaugh- ter, 658-660 ;-ment., 33, 38-39, 144-145, 277, 343, 395, 396, 418, 427, 484, 553, 572, 575, 645, 650;-iv, oath taken, 5;- Jose Castro, 66;-Indian at- tack, 108;-Hartnell, 149;-un- der Bandini, 160-163 ;-Bishop Diego, 259;-restored to friars, 274, 277;-oath taken, 282;-Fr. Estenaga's defense, 357-358;- condition in 1843, p. 323;- confiscation, 381;-Fr. Esten- aga resists, 383-384 ;-f or rent, 447;-debts, 496;-sold, 507-508; -mayordomos, 637;-Indians emancipated, 649;-Fr. Ordaz dies, 686;-Rev. Francisco Cayetano Capdevila, 719;- ment, 34-35, 180, 183, 237, 279, 296, 310, 463, 515, 516, 525, 526, 576, 618, 685, 698, 775, 776 Mission San Jose, site, ii, 99, 492;-founded, 494-495 ;-sav- ages, 503-506;-guards, 611;- Indian skirmish, 613-615;- Langsdorfif visits, 635;-ment., 542, 624-626;-iii, deserters, 27, 305;-elections, 150;-Rev. Fer- nandez, 156;-Fr. Duran, 207, 223-224, 268, 329, 411, 437, 447, 451;-Fr. Rubio succeeds, 452;- supplies to Vallejo, 460;- wealth, 636;-ment., 37, 124, 146, 184, 295, 397, 531, 571, 577;-iv, confiscated, 91-92;- taxed for white school, 94;- mulcted, 133;-Indians feel degradation, 141 ;-Hartnell, 153-154;-Fr. Rubio leaves, 238; -Bishop confirms, 266;-re- stored to friars, 274-277 ;-tem- poral affairs, 362;-for rent, 447;-music band, 454;-sold, 507;-Rev. Stanislaus Lebret, 613;-litigation for lands, 747- 759;-ment., 76, 80, 177, 217, 237, 280, 296, 311, 312, 391, 394, 410, 506, 523, 583-586, 627, 681, 685, 776 Mission San Juan Bautista, site, ii, 492;-founded, 495;-white convert, 642;-ment., 256, 542, 622, 625;-iii, supplies to troops, 19;-elections, 150;-Rev. Ca- non Fernandez, 154;-Fr. Ta- pis dies, 221;-Fr. Arroyo's zeal, 226;-his dictionary, 611;- Zacatecan Father in charge, 452;-confiscated, 531;-wealth, 635;-ment., 126, 157, 295, 397, 598, 605;-iv, San Juan "de Castro," 123;-almost destroy- ed, 217;-only resources, 218;- Bishop Diego, 266;-Fr. An- zar, 297, 394, 412, 723;-Jose Castro and Alvarado con- spiracy, 326-327 ;-pueblo, 373; -Fremont, 478, 54S;-Jose Cas- tro, 479;-some property to be sold, 445-446;-mortgaged by Castro, 506;-sold by Pico, 507; -Rev. Francisco Mora, 719;- ment., 145, 152, 237, 296, 311, 313, 674, 685, 723 Mission San Juan Capistrano, site, ii, 29;-name proposed, 82; -founded, first location, 169;- delayed, 170;-founded by Fr. Serra, 213-214 ;-Fathers as- signed, 215 ;-donativo, 390;- Vancouver, 470;-ment., 186, 210, 213, 215, 217, 240, 281, 287, 290, 334, 359, 370, 401, 435, 490-491, S42;-iii, earth- quake, 16;-sacked by Bou- chard, 59-60 ;-demands of Es- tudillo, 128;-Fr. Francisco Su- ner, 132;-eIections., 150;- emancipation, 241, 484, 498;- confiscated, 531;-wealth, 632;- 76 Index ment., 38, 300, 305, 395, 397, 418, 427, 471, 489, 538, 561;- iv, Santiago Argiiello, 162;-to let, 182;-Fr. Zalvidea, 180, 526;-Hartnel!, 183-184;-puebIo- 184-185, 373;-Rev. Antonio Jimenez, 258;-restored to fri- ars, 274, 277;-condition in 1843, p. 323;-without priest, 370, 398, 618;-for sale, 445- 446;-sold, 458, 460, 495;-under mayordomos, 637;-Emory's suspicions, 582 ;-S tockton's proclamation, 578;-Rev. Jose M. Rosales, 685;-Rev. Pedro Bagaria, 716;-ment., 237, 296 Mission San Luis Obispo, site, ii, 39;-founded, 103, 512;- guards needed, lll;-freight for, 132, lS9;-Anza, 178, 189;- revolt, 209;-Fr. Serra con- firms, 301, 367, 370, 399;-crim- inal alcalde, 343-344 ;-donativo, 390;-contribution for new Mis- sions, 4S4;-mechanics, 536;- retreat place, 630;-ment., 59, 82, 85, 89, 93, 100, 101, 104, 129, 132, 168, 178, 185, 195, 208, 215, 249, 283, 320, 447, 486, 491, S75;-iii, locusts, 19;- aid for troops, 70-71 ;-elec- tions, lS0;-freight, 224;-pov- erty, 129, 247;-Fr. Martinez ill-treated, 285-300, 332;-Iu- dians reject freedom, 351;- money due to Mission, 407;- Fr. Sosa, 409;-Fr. Gil y Tabo- ada dies, 466;-confiscated, 531; -poverty, S59-560;-land grant opposed, 643-644 ;-wealth, 633; -false charge, 656, 661-662;- ment., 24, 25, 52, 246, 278, 288, 291, 396;-iv, moneys due to, 26;-Fr. Abella, 41, 237;- Hartnell, 151, 184;-Rev. Jose Miguel Gomez, 258, 295, 513, 516, 733;-property deeded to Church, 265;-Bishop Diego, 267;-Indian raids, 311, 643;- condition in 1843, p. 322;-for sale, 445, 446;-sold, 460, 495, 513;-emancipated Indians, 637- 638;-land claim, 734, 736;- ment., 123, 263, 390, 458, 547, 550, 638, 685, 727 Mission San Luis Rey, site, ii, 496;-founded, 497;-iii, supplies to soldiers, 128, 556;-cattle ranch, 144;-election, lS0;-In- dian idea of emancipation, 241;-Indian discontented, 305; -Fr. Peiri departs, 410-412;- is slandered, 414;-his work, 415;-Fr. Duran confirms, 481; -Indians oppose emancipation, 483-484, 497-498;-Indian dis- orders, 484;-confiscated, 531;- inventory, S34;-emancipated Indians, 535-538 ;-intolerable conditions, 538-539 ;-wealth, 632;-cattle slaughter, 658-660; -ment., 365, 418, 420, 427, 471, 556;-iv, Hartnell, 148;-Pico's misrule, 159-160, 182-183, 337, 340, 352, 442;-restored to fri- ars, 274, 277;-state in 1843, p. 323;-for rent, 447;-debts by Pico, 496;-sold, 507, 582;-Fr. Zalvidea dies, 525-526 ;-Em- ory's suspicions, 581-582;- Mormons, 589-591 ;-U. S. In- dian agency, 593-596 ;-ment., 174, 179-180, 237, 279, 296, 358, 370, 526, 571, 577, 641-642, 685, n(>, 807-808 Mission San Miguel Arcangel, site, ii, 491-492, 493;-founded, 495;-Fathers named, 495, SOS, 549;-expedition, 620;- ment., 542, 624;-iii, friars poisoned, ll;-soldiers aided, 19;-expedi- tion, 22-23-37 ;-elections, 150;- Indians refuse liberty, 351;- confiscated, 531;-Fr. Juan Ca- bot departs, 567;-wealth, 634; -ment., 26, 29, 205, 285, 295, 395, 397, 561;-iv, Ignacio Cor- onel in charge, 31;-Fr. Mo- reno, 237;-Bishop Diego, 267; -vineyard La Mayor, 266;-a parish, 295;-vacant, 370, 372, 373;-state in 1843, p. 322;-for sale, 445-446 ;-sold, 508;-land claim, 734;-ment., 390, 684, 685, 690 Mission San Rafael Arcangel, founded as asistencia, iii, 31, 79, 139;-Fr. Ordaz visits, 147; -Canon Fernandez, 155, 156;- to be suppressed, 175-177, 180- 183;-a Mission, 184;-stipend for, 249;-Fr. Amoros dies, 451:-Zacatecans accept, 452;- confiscated, 531;-Fr. Quijas, Index 11 581-589, 591;-wealth, 636;- ment., 136, 175-176, 178, 183, 184, 588;-iv, bled by paisano chiefs, 133;-Hartnell, 154, 178; -sad conditions, 215-216;— without priest, 296, 373, 398;- for sale, 44S-446;-sold, 507;- ment., 217, 218, 237, 267, 489, 616, 628, 685, 690 Mission Santa Barbara, Virgen y Martir, preparations, ii, 367; -Neve delays, 369;-proposed site, 432-433 ;-founded, 434;- Fathers . named, 435;-nunier- ous converts, 498 ;-magnificent defense, S51-580;-new plan tried, 589;-retreat place, 630;- ment., 372, 542, 548, 561, 577, 601, 608, 613;-iii, earthquake, 16;-henip raised, 80;-convey- ance used, 89-91 ;-elections, 150;-battle, 199-200 ;-kindness of Indians to Fr. Jayme, 200; -heartless soldiers, 201-202;- Indians flee, 204;-return, 206; -Fr. Ripoll, 197-206 ;-refuses oath, 244;-flight of, 257, 277;- Fr. Duran arrives, 452;-con- fiscated, 513;-wealth, 633;- memorias, sample, 647-650;- ment., 396, 397, 489, 604;-iv, Alvarado and Fr. Duran, 60- 65;-Hartnell, 150;-Fr. Duran in charge, 157-159;-Bishop Di- ego arrives, 230-236;-restored to friars, 274-277 ;-oath taken, 282;-exempt, 286, 374;-state of in 1843, p. 323;-no debts, 355;-ordinations, 257, 258, 412; -Indian music band, 229, 452- 453;-San Marcos, asistencia, 457;-to let, 446;-leased, 458, 459, 461, 496;-Indians freed, 466;-surrendered to lessees, 457, 458, 464, 466;-sold, 508;- Bishop ill, dies, 514-520 ;-Fr. Duran dies, 522-524;-Bishop Alemany at, 683, 684, 698, 702- 705;-last Mission in hands of friars, 698;-formally trans- ferred to Franciscans, 703- 7q5;-not fit for college, 706;- Bishop Amat takes posses- sion, 717-718;-ordinations, 718- 719;-Our Lady of Sorrows College, 721 ;-lands conceded by U. S. Court, 74S;-ment., 179, 227, 237, 279, 295, 515, 537, 625, 674, 683, 685, 698, 703 Mission Santa Clara de Asis, preparations, ii, 82, 85, 111;- site, 181;-Fathers assigned, 208;-delayed, 209, 215;-found- ed, 216;-Fr. Serra, 304, 323, 326;-dedication of church, 399- 400;-Fr. Murguia dies, 399;- Vancouver, 469;-Fr. Catali, 531;-success, 593;-Langsdorff, 63S;-ment., 140, 206, 208, 214, 217-221, 280, 287, 290, 453, 493, 4-95, 508, 542, 624-625 ;-iii, elec- tions, 150;— Canon Fernandez, 154;-Fr. Viader threatens, 224; -religious indifference of col- onists, 317;-Fr. Catala dies, 560;-Fr. Garcia Diego, 461- 462;-confiscated, 531;-wealth, 635-636;-ment., 146, 156, 323, 395, 396, 605;-iv, confiscated, 91-93;-taxed for white school, 93-94 ;-Alvarado's marriage, 125;-ghastly sight, 129;- mulcted, 134;-Indians naked for Vallejo, 138;-Hartnell, 153-restored to friars, 274, temporal affairs, 360-361 ;-Fr. Jose Real protests, 358-361;- Forbes, 41S;-Castro's hordes plunder, 423;-Fr. Mercado banished, 422-428;-to let, 447; -J. Castro angered at Pico, 4S7;-mortgaged by Castro, 506;-orchard sold by Pico, 508;-Fr. J. Real, 515, 583-588, 597-599, 685, 723-724;-Gov. Mason ejects squatters, 583;- last Franciscan, 690-691 ;-size of church, 691 ;-Jesuits, 690- 691;-Iands, 747;-orchard in court, 759-771 Mission Santa Cruz, site, ii, 48, 516;-founded, 4S3-454;-endan- gered, 516-520 ;-ment., 508, 542;-iii, Fr. Quintana mur- dered, 12;-Indian criminals, 13-15 ;-poverty, 129;-elections, 150;-Zacatecan Father, 452;- confiscated, 531;-wealth, 635; -ment., 396, 397, 489, 508, 611;-iv, Hartnell, 152;-ruined, 217;-resources, 218 ;-Our Lady of Refuge, 261;-Fr. Antonio Real, 297;-without priest, 394; -Rev. Juan Francisco Lie- 78 Index baria, 590;-Rev. Sebastiano Filoteo, 716;-ment., 89, 128, 237, 296, 412, 508, 583, 685, 723, 727, 806 Mission Santa Ines, Virgen y Martir, site, ii, 600;-founded, 601;-guards, 613;-iii, elections, 150;-revolt, 195-197, 204;-Fr. J. Jimeno, 572;-wealth, 633;- ment., 395, 531, S61;-iv, Chico furious, 20-21 ;-confiscated, 30- 30;-Fr. M. Vitoria, dies, 79;- Hartnell, 151;-Fr. Jimeno, presidente, 177 ;-Bishop Diego, 258, 267;-land for seminary, 261-262;-Bishop opens semi- nary, 263;-restored to friars, 274, 277;-exempt from sale, 286;-condition in 1843, pp. 322-325;-temporalities, 356- 3S7;-inventoried, 388;-Fr. Juan Moreno dies, 412;-leased, 458, 459, 461, 462, 465, 496;-income, 465;-sale opposed, 465-468;- sold, 508;-Pico at, 547;-FF. Jimeno and Sanchez, 625, 698;-Picpus Fathers succeed, 625-626, 677, 68S;-Rev. Eugene O'Connell, 690;-Rev. Cipriano Rubio. 719;-ment., 39, 50, 237, 279, 296, 454, 515, 518, 525, 537, 550, 716 Missions in Other Localities: Mission (Pueblo) Concepcion Purisima, (Fort Yuma), ii, 352 Mission Concepcion Purisima, Lower California, ii, 16, 59 Mission Rosario, Lower Cali- fornia, ii, 4S6;-iii, 407 Mission San Francisco de Bor- ja. Lower California, ii, 127 Mission San Francisco Javier del Bac, Arizona, ii, 134, 175, 200 Mission San Ignacio, Sonora, ii, 174 Mission San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, iv, 238, 515, 525 Mission San Jose de Comundii, Lower California, iv, 238, 515 Mission San Jose de los Pimas, or Pitiqui, Sonora, ii, 174, 190 Mission San Miguel, Lower Cal- ifornia, iv, 18 Mission (Pueblo) San Pedro y San Pablo de Bicunier, (in Yuma Reservation), Califor- nia, ii, 352 Mission Santo Domingo, Lower California, iv, 123 Mission Santo Tomas, Lower California, iv, 238, 515 Mission St. Paul, Oregon, iv, 614 Mission de Cres, Sonora, ii, 190 Missions, California, abandoned in 1843, iv, 323-324 ^-agricul- tural etc., communities, ii, 7, 83, 382, 467; iv, 532-537 ;-as- sessed for Gov. Sola, iii, 158; -for Inspector Hartnell, iv, 146;-booklearning at, see Ed- ucation, Schools;-not one champion for in assembly, iii, 504;-on Santa Barbara Chan- nel, ii, 364-381 ;-confiscated, iii, 531; iv, 16;-after confisca- tion iv, 130-135, 214-215 ;-con- templated, ii, 167-168, 418-420; -conspiracy against, iv, 62-64; -continuance forever not in- tended, ii, 373; iii, 120;-con- trasted with pueblos, iii, 115; -contrasted with U. S. reser- vations, iii, 140;-iv, 6S6;-con- tributions forced upon, iv, 94- 95, 286, 337, 50S;-contribute for maintenance of govern- ment and troops, ii, 269; iii, 123-129, 165, 210, 238, 338, 405; iv, 94, 337, 502, see Over- taxed ;-cost government noth- ing, ii, 363, 585; iv, 337;-de- fenseless, iii, 166;-destruction due to Pico and confederates, iv, 320, 444;-diseases at, ii, 608-610, 633; iv, 321;-Fr. Du- ran pleads for, iv, 62-64 ;-Fr. Duran proposes new chain of, iii, 341-342, 493-494;-ecclesias- tical institutions, iii, S02;-ex- tinction of decreed, iv, 380, 450;-golden age of, ii, 599- 600;-at height of prosperity, ii, 648;-last, in hands of friars, iv, 91;-life at, ii, 252-256, 263- 265, 467; iv, 649;-milch cow for troops, iii, 237, 338, 555;- mother of territorial wealth, iv, 497;-mortality at, ii, 500- 501, 608; iii, 29-30, 79;-object Index 79 of, ii, 7, 83, 384; iii, 311-312; iv, 527-S28;-ordered restored to friars, iii, 469;-overbur- dened, iii, 222, 225; iv, 387- 388;-overtaxed, iii, 169, 188, 226-227, 234-236, 241; iv, 286;- owed the government noth- ing, iv, 22-23, 336;-parishes, curacies, terms, not to be used for, iii, 580;-without priests, iv, 398;-property of neophytes, iii, 104, 388-389, 630-631; iv, 22-27 ;-not property of nation, iii, 104, 388-389,- 630-631; iv, 22-27, 92, 286, 290, 347;-pros- perous, ii, 580-581 ; iv, 298, 352, 496;-plundered, iv, 92-96, 104, 133-135, 138,_ 727;-ready for secularization properly so called, iii, 489;-re stored to friars, iv, 274, 277, 339;-sad state of, iii, 190-193 ;-illegal sale of, iv, 347, 500-503, 756;- sale annulled, iv, S66;-salva- tion of territory, iii, 115, 274, 313, 349;-support troops, iii, 115;-surrendered to Orizaba College, iii, 51-53, 55-57;-sur- rendered to Zacatecan Fath- ers, iii, 452; iv, 296;-only source of funds to resist in- vaders, iv, 566;-sold by Pico, iv, 445, 460, 507, 723;-state of in 1803, ii, 593-594;-in 1843, iv, 322-324;-Sundays and holy- days at, ii, 256, 627;-value to territory, iii, 274; iv, 536-537;- victims of greed and selfish- ness, iv, 99, 337-339, 493 Missions, domestic and foreign, iii, 318;-iv, 285-286 Mob law at Los Angeles, iv, 34-35 Moctezuma, name proposed for California, iii, 251 Moderados, political party in Spanish Cortes, iii, 95 Mofras, Eugene Duflot de, iii, 630-636;-on Fr. Ibarra, iv, 180;-on Indian diseases, 322;- on California women, 414;- ment., 98, 275, 647 Mohave (Mojaves, Jamajabs) Indians, ii, 193-195, 197, 199, 200;-iii, ill-treated by soldiers at San Buenaventura, 31-33;- revenge, 38;-ment., 62 Mohave River, ii, 194, 199 Mohave Station, Gal., ii, 199 Molinier, Rev. J., iv, 719 Monasterio, Jose Maria Ortiz, Mexican Minister, iii, 469;-iv, 475 Monasteries proposed by Cali- fornia would-be-statesmen, iii, 323 Monastery, Carmelite, proposed for San Francisco, see Car- melites Monasticism misjudged, iii, 502 Money, or cash, not sent to Missions, ii, 219, 247;-scarce, 459;-should not be given to Indians, iv, 463 ;-coIlected from Pious Fund, 669-670 Monjas, Indian girls and un- married women at Missions, ii, 249 Monjerio, or dormitory for monjas, ii, 249-250, 572;-iii, 336, S29;-iv, 9;-at San Carlos, ii, 559;-at Purisima, 5S8;-at Santa Barbara, 558 Monk-baiters, iii, 247 Monk more tolerant than secu- lar official, ii, 589 Monks not friars, properly speaking, iii, 110 Monks and nuns, foolish no- tions about, iii, S17;-iv, 805- 812 Monopoly, royal, in trade mat- ters, ii, 437 Montecito, site proposed for Mission, ii, 432-433 Monte-Franco, Most Rev. Fr. Bernardino de, iv, 713 Monteil, Rev. John Caspar du, C. SS. CC, iv, 625 Montenegro, Eugenio, iv, 481 Montenegro, Most Rev., iii, 429 Monterde, Mariano, governor of Lower California, iii, 346 Monterey Bay or Port, ii, 3;- expedition for, 22;-Portola at, 41-44, 54-58 ;-re-discovered, 73; -Mission founded at, 75;-pos- session taken for king, 76;- rejoicing in Mexico, 79;-pre- sldio, 89, 110-111, 122, 165, 168;-distress at, 100;-Anza ar- rives, 182;-seat of territorial government, 218, 301;-La Pe- rouse, 435;-Malaspina, 439- 8o Index 440;- Vancouver, 469-470;- school at, 474;-ment., 438, 441, 451, 492, 662;— iii, pre- sidio, 68, 124;-electors meet, 150, 251, 501;-capital of terri- tory, 596-597 ;-school at, 651; — iv, declared permanent cap- ital, 127, 579, 583;-attended by Fr. Jose Real, 237;-reception to Bishop Diego, 263-264;-a partido, 390;-custom house, 471;-Fremont at, 478;-Cas- tro's military junta meets, 480-482 ;-Rev. Doroteo Ambris in charge, 516;-Commodore Sloat in harbor, 551;-United States flag raised, 552-554;- elections, 562-563 ;-constitu- tional convention, 659-660;- named residence of Bishop Alemany, 666;-arrives, 684;- poor accommodations, 684, 687;-Fr. Ramirez, pastor, 685; -first Sisters' convent, 688;- first Dominican convent, 692; -Bishop Amat arrives, 717;- Carey Jones at, 729;-ment., 296, 486, 565, 782, see under various governors Monterey town council protests against exile of friars, iii, 275- 277 Monterey, Rio de, ii, 178, see Rio Monterey diocese separated from Mexican jurisdiction, iv, 694;-boundaries of, 710-711 Monteros, Carlos Espinosa de los, ii, 643 Montgomery, Rev. Fr. Charles Pius, O. P., named Bishop of California, but declines, iv, 666 Montgomery, Most Rev. George, iv, 666 Montgomery, John B., iv, 551;- raises U. S. flag at San Fran- cisco, 554-555 Montgomery, Zachary, iv, 666 Montesdeoca, Demetrio, Mex- ican Minister, order prohibit- ing sale of Missions, iv, 455, 501-502, 756-758, 768-771 ;-un- known to friars, 512;-disre- garded by the conspirators, 502-503, 505, 509 Monthly Mass in thanksgiving, ii, 401 Montoya, T. M., Mexican En- voy to Rome, iv, 190-192, 207 Montserrate, religious of, iii, 93 Monzon, The, iv, 158 Moody, Dr. Charles S., ii, 271- 272 Moore, B. D., iv, 572, 573 Moors, African, not so bad as California oppressors of In- dians, iv, 111-112 Moqui Indians, ii, 195, _ 199-200 Mora, Rt. Rev. Francisco, iv, 718-719 Moraga, Gabriel, ii, 519;-or- dercd to apologize to Fr. Catala, 531;-ment., 622, 623, 624, 681;-iii, 37-38, 62, 132 Moraga, Jose Joaquin, with Anza, ii, 171, 174;-takcs charge of colonists, 179;-with Anza to San Francisco Bay, 180- 184;-death of, 451;-ment., 188, 201-202, 204, 206-209, 215, 216, 222, 410, 674 Moral corruption and infidelity, iii, 543-544 Moral, mental and religious qualifications of missionaries, ii, 245-246 Moral perceptions of anti-Cath- olic romancers, iv, 806-812 Morales, Rt. Rev. Angelo Mari- ano, iv, 202 Morelia, Mexico, iv, 518 Morelos, Jose M., ii, 650-651 Morelos y Pavon, Jose M., Mexican revolutionist, iii, 17 Morelos, The, iii, 507 Moreno, Cal., ii, 667 Moreno, Jose Matias, iv, 759- 760, 765-767 Moreno, Fr. Juan, arrived, iii, 247, 272;-retires to Ptirisima, 452;-neophytes of San Miguel want him as manager, iv, 151; -asks for land grant for col- lege, 261, 735;-at San Miguel, 237;-at Santa Ines seminary, 263, 279;-in charge of Puri- sima, 356;-protest against giv- ing land away, 364;-death of, 364, 412;-autograph, 356 Moreno, Fr. Matias, ii, 352, 477- 479 Moreno, Fr. Rafael, arrived, iii, Index 8i 442;-assigned, 4S2;-vice-comi- sario, 606;-ment., 460-461 ;-iv, presidente of Zacatecans, 14;- circular on restored Missions, 14-15;-to Gutierrez, SO;-on new governor, 76;-confirms, 80;-on contribution for white school, 93-95 ;-aslcs payment from Mariano Vallejo, 95;- death of, 120 Moreno, Santiago, iii, 277 Mormon battalion, arrives, iv, 589;-at San Luis Rey, 589-591; -piety of, S90;-industry of, 592;-ment., 480, 485, 563, 593 Morocojo, Cal., ii, 41 Mortality among neophytes, ii, 500-501, 608-609 ;-iii, 29-30, 79, see Fr. Abella, Galico Mortgage put on Mission San Juan Bautista by Jose Castro, iv, 506 Moses, prayer of, ii, 468 Mostrencas, or unclaimed land, iv, 370, 371 Mote and beam, ii, 561 Mother Mary de Agreda, ii, 101 Mother Mary Goemaere, first Dominican Sister, iv, 682, 688 Mother of Sorrows, Patron of Mission College, Santa Bar- bara, iv, 720-721 Motive for demand to call as- sembly, iii, 355-356 Motive of Mission despoilers, iii, 239, 322, see Pio Pico, Al- varado, Vallejo Motive for Pico's haste to sell Missions, iv, 505 Motive for slandering the friars, ii, 263;-iii, 319-320;-iv, 307, 363-367 Motive for revolt against Vic- toria, iii, 361;-against Michel- torena, iv, 344 Mount Edgecombe, ii, 159 Mount Olympus, ii, 152 Mount Santa Rosalia, ii, 152 Mountain Lake, Cal., ii, 180 Mountain lions, iii, 81 Mounted Indians, Pages objects to, ii, 425 Moving picture people, iv, 812 Moya, Most Rev. Fr. Pablo de, ii, 603, 60S;-iii, death of, 45 Muckraking not relished by clean-minded, iv, 808 Mucucuiz, on the route of Fr. Payeras, iii, 143 Muenchhausen of California, iii, 160, 557, 631;-iv, 781 Mugartegui, Fr. Pedro Pablo, comes with Fr. Serra, ii, 126;- ill, at San Diego, 131, 145;- at San Luis Obispo, 178;-at San Juan Capistrano, 214, 215, 287, 359;-vice-presidente, 405;-empowered to confirm in emergency, 454;-presides at chapter, Mexico, 489;-ment., 521, 529 Mulege, Lower California, iv, 633 Mules killed for food, ii, 54, 59, 61 Mulligan Hill, Cal., ii,-41, 42 Multiplicity of languages, iii, 609-611 Munoz, Juan Antonio, iii, 601 Muiioz, Fr. Pedro, with expedi- tions, ii, 622-623, 681-683 ;-iii, 2S;-retires, 47;-autograph, ii, 623 Munras, Estevan, iii, 251 ;-iv, de- clines to attend Pico assem- bly, 340;-ment., 52, 285, 471, 472;-autograph, 52 Muquelumnes (Muguelomes, Muquelemnes), iii, 37;-iv, 216, 311, 314 Murguia, Fr. Jose Antonio, in Lower California, ii, 68;- comes to Upper California, 127-128;-at San Antonio, 129; -at San Carlos, 131, 146, 178, 185;-assigned to Santa Clara, 208, 215, 216, 387;-illness and death, 399-400 Muro, Ft. Miguel, arrives with Bishop Diego, iv, 222, 227;- at Mission San Jose, 238;- retires to college, 410;-auto- graph, 410 Murphy, Jacobo, ii, 440 Murphy, Timothy, iv, 133, 697 Music, instrumental, ii, 256 Musical instruments, ii, 263, 559 Musicians, Indian, iv, 452, 453 Musico organista, ii, 483 Musquitoes, ii, 97 Mutiny of Figueroa's men, iii, 443 Mutsun language, ii, 299 Muzzling the clergy, iv, 419 Mystery solved, ii, 430;-iv, 109 82 Index N Nachborn, Benjamin, iv, 597 Nacimiento River, ii, 491 Naglee, Henry M., iv, S8S-S87 Name of God avoided by pai- sano chiefs, iii, 362-363 ;-iv, 497 Name, the Lord's, as given name, iv, 153 Name, Mexican, detested, iv, 104 Names of Figueroa's legislators, iii, 502 Names for Missions proposed by viceroy, ii, 82 Names, some beautiful, to whom due, iii, 253 Napa, Cal., iii, 178 Napoleon, ii, 648;-iii, 94;-iv, 111 Narciso, Indian, iv, 452 Narvaez, Pedro, iv, 481 Nash, John H., iv, 724 Natalia, The, iii, 507 Nathan, the Prophet, iv, 420 Nationalism, un-Christian, iv, 416-419, see Nativism Nationalism smothered in the friars, iii, 448, see also Na- tivism Nationalities among immigrants, iv, 612 National property and Indian property, iv, 377 Native Calif ornians ordained priests, iii, 343 Natividad de Nuestra Seiiora, Canada de la, ii, 39 Natividad, rancho, skirmish at, iv, 568 Native sons or Hljos del Pais, cause of troubles, iv, 71, see Paisanos Nativism rampant, iii, 330, 366, 368, 406-407, 482;-iv, 417;-in Mexico, 520 Navaj Rev. Jose, ii, 395 Nava, General Pedro de, ii, 457, 463;-autograph, 457 Navarrete, Jose Antonio, iii, 62, 148, 152 Navarrete, Ramon, iii, 145 Navarro, Pedro Galindo, ii, 305, 463 Navy of United States on the Pacific, iv, 551 Necessity forced poor method at San Diego, ii, 587-588 Needles, The, Cal., ii, 193, 194 Needs of Missions known to missionaries, ii, 284 Needs of neophytes militate against secularization, iii, 273, 338-342 Needs of troops oppose secu- larization, iii, 492-493 Negrete, Luis Castillo, iv, 124 Negrete, Pedro Celestino, iii, 159 Nellus, Henry, iv, 234 Neofitos Californios, or Lower California neophytes, ii, 72, 94, 103, 129, 203, 287, 341 Neophytes, their affection for missionaries, ii, 277-278;-iii, 264;-contented at Missions, ii, 467, 580, 589; iii, 381-382;- food of, iii, 264;-not forced to join Missions, iii, 380;- not free to desert, ii, 264, see Runaways ;-harassed by sol- diery, iii, 67-73, 81-82, 119;- helplessness of, detained fri- ars, ii, 136-137; iii, 250-260, 304;-kept together by pres- ence of missionaries, iii, 263;- labor of maintains territory, ii, 467;-as laborers at pre- sidios, ii, 537-538, 568-572;- largest number, iii, 264; iv, 529, 657;-liberty yielded to God alone, iv. 111; liberty in Missions, ii, 547;-life at Mis- sions, see Missions ;-needs of demand presence of friars, iii, 273, 338-342;-at Missions in 1789, ii, 448;-in 1832, iii, 653;-orderly under mission- aries, iv, 306;-after secular- ization, iv, 215, 310, 407;-some to be taken to Mexico for education, iii, 342;-as serv- ants, ii, 280, 568-570 ;-suflEer want for soldiers, iii, 67-73, 81-82, 331;-system necessary at San Diego, ii, 339;-vaca- tions, ii, 505, 554, 566-567, see also Indians, Missions, Fri- ars, Missionaries, Routine Nero, Roman emperor, iv, 46 Neve, Felipe de, named govern- or of both Californias, ii, 171; -differences with Dominicans, Index 83 218, 287;-ordered to reside in Upper California, 216;-direct- ed to act in harmony with Fr. Serra, 217, 280;-at Mon- terey, 218;-at San Francisco, 218;-his salary, 284;-meddIes with spiritual affairs, 280-292, 297-318, 334;-begrudges mis- sionaries their rations, 280- 287;-hostile to friars, 274, 282, 289, 291-292, 327, 331, 336-344, 357, 362, 369-370, 383, 385;- abuses Fr. Serra's love of peace, 292;-attack on liberty of missionaries, 294-295 ;-over- ruled by viceroy, 29S;-arro- gant demands upon Fr. Serra, 302-304, 317 ;-ref uses guards to Fr. Serra, 304;-traduces Fr. Serra, but only pictures him- self, 313-314;-schemes to over- throw Mission System, 330- 335, 344, 350, 362, 399;-regla- mento an assault on Missions, 327-335, 371, 381, 417, 523;- scheme frustrated, 368-369;- baffled by San Fernando Col- lege, 371-382 ;-reglamento con- cerning Missions repealed, 417, 427;-reglamento on colon- ization, 328-330;-embarrasses Fr. Serra, 338-339 ;-disappoints Fr. Serra, 369-370 ;-hastens Fr. Serra's death, 330-331 ;-de- mands inventories, 347;- founds Los Angeles, 366-367; iii, 645;-rule destructive and degrading, ii, 347-348, 364, 423 ;-f ails in campaign, 355- 357;-succeeded by Pedro Fages, 356-357 ;-secret in- structions to Fages, 361;-ap- pointed inspector-general, 356;-war contribution, 390;- unjust grain measure, 427;- named comandante-general, 405 ;- theories, 525;-idiotic scheme, 585-587 ;-ment., 120, 200, 219-221, 279, 347, 349, 368-371, 380, 382, 415, 432, 440, 597, 676; iii, 526, 637;-iv, 816;-autograph, vol. i, 514 New arrivals, friars, ii, 544 New calumnies invented, iv, 805 New chain of Missions pro- posed by Fr. Payeras, iii, 78, 142;-by Fr. Duran, iii, 341-342 New England, iii, 651, 652 New Helvetia, Cal., 315, 328, 414, 489 New Mexico, ii, 125, 260, 264, 292;-iii, 185, 274;-iv, 283, 551 New Mission system proposed by De Croix and Neve, ii, 3Sl-3S3;-its failure, 357 New River, Cal., ii, 192 New San Francisco, (Solano) iii, 178, 180 New Spain, ii, 229, 336 New York, iv, 591, 696, 714, 718, 797, 814 News in early days very slow, ii, &!, 201, 294, 313, 319, 442, 459, 468, 607;-iii, 147-148, 464- 46S;-iv, 85-86, 186, 187, 246 Newspaper, first, in California, iv, 563 Newspaper subscription, iii, 267 Newspaper tyranny, iii, 448 Newspapers cease publication for want of hands, iv, 610 Nieto, Manuel, land grant to, iii, 645 Niggardly treatment of mission- aries, ii, 280-288, 330-335, 526, 544-548 ;-iii, 53 Nine Missions ceded to Orizaba College, iii, 51 Nine years of comisionado mis- rule, iv, 338-339, 433 Ninive, iv, 289 Nipomo, rancho, iv, 637 Nisbet, James, iii, 630 Nobili, Rev. John, S._ J., ar- rives at San Francisco, iv, 627, 677 ;-assistant at San Jose, 681, 685;-receives Santa Clara Mission for college, 691; -ment., 680, 689 Nob6a, Fr. Diego, named for California, ii, 375;-arrives at San Francisco, 395; at San Carlos, 396, 397;-sent to Santa Clara, 400 Nocedal, Fr. Jose, arrives, ii, 167, 202 ;-chaplain on voyage, 203-205 ;-at dedication of San Francisco presidio, 206;-chap- lain again, 220, 319;-death of, 320 Noches Indians, ii, 197-198 Noguelra, Fr. Antonio, guard- ian, ii, 489, 525, 532;-death of, 494, 524;-autograph, 494 84 Index Nombre de Jesus, Rio, or de Temblores, ii, 30, 90 Nome Cult Valley Massacre, iv, 652-653 Nootka Sound discovered, ii, 152;-possession taken, 438, 439, 441;-ceded to England, 442;-ment., 486 Norfolk Sound, or Puerto de Nuestra Seiiora de Guadalupe, ii, 159 Noriega, Fr. Matias Antonio de Santa Catarina y, chaplain of the Princesa, ii, 321-324;-at Dolores, 324;-at San Carlos, 400, 436;-ment., 452-455, 481, S44;-autograph, 452 Notre Dame Sisters de Namur first, iv, 688 North Beach, San Francisco, Cal, ii, 164 Northern Missions ceded to Guadalupe College, iii, 407 Northwest Coast discoveries, ii, 3, 144-161 Nota de los oficiales on Malas- pina's expedition, ii, 440 Notes on Echeandia's plan by Fr. Duran, iii,^ 379-402 Notes for music, as used at Missions (fac-simile), ii, 256- 257 Noticias de la Nueva Cali- fornia by Fr. Francisco Palou, ii. Introduction, p. xxxii;-395, 404 Notonto, rancheria, ii, 623 Novena spoiled by order of M. Vallejo, iii, 586-587 Novenas, various, ii, 64, 147, 151, 152, 164;-iii, 165, 586- 587 Novice, first female, in Cali- fornia, iv, 688;-first male, iv, 692 Novices, first Franciscan, in California, iv, 707 Novitiate, first Dominican in California, iv, 692;-first Fran- ciscan, 702-703 Nuestra Seiiora de la Luz, feast of, iv, 793-794 Nuestra Seiiora de la Regla, bay, ii, 322 Nueva Galicia, The, ii, 220;-iii, 63 Nueva Vizcaya, Mexico, ii, 292; -iii, 185 Nuevo Leon, Mexico, ii. 371, 457 Nuevo Santander, Mexico, col- ony, ii, 457 Nuez, Fr. Joaquin Pascual, ex- pected, iii, 16;-with expedi- tion from San Gabriel, 38-39; -his Diario, 39;-autograph, 39 Number, highest, of neophytes at one time, iii, 264;-iv, 529, 657 Number of missionaries, highest at one period, ii, 632 Number, highest, of live-stock, iii, 631-637, 655, 656;-iv, 531 Number of bushels of grain, highest, iv, 535 Number, highest of baptisms, deaths, and marriages at all Missions, iv, 529 Number of Indian girls mar- ried to whites before 1800, iii, 645 Number of missionaries in 1799, ii, 540 Number of priests at arrival of Bishop Alemany, iv, 657 Number of reports prescribed, iii, 250 Number of lashes fixed by Spanish law, ii, 276;-recom- mended by Gov. Mason, iv, 643 Nun, first in California, iv, 682 Nuns maltreated by revolution- ists in Mexico, iv, 798-799 Nupchenche, rancheria, ii, 623, 681 Nutshell, case of Missions in, ii, 363, 384;-iii, 311-316;-iv, 337-339 O Oakland, Cal., ii, 53, 96, 181 Oak, Vizcaino's, at Monterey, ii, 146 Oath on Spanish Constitution of 1812 taken by Governor Sola and missionaries, iii, 105- 106;-to Mexican independence by military, 148-149;-by fri- ars, 149, 151, 563;-on Mexi- can Constitution of 1824 de- manded, 213;-sworn to by Gov. Arguello and assembly, 215;-refused by Fr. Sarria, Index 85 214-216, 267;-explains refusal, 217-219;-taken by Fr. Este- naga at San Francisco, 215- 216;-Fr. Tapis's view, 220- 221;-Fr. Duran favors, then refuses, 218, 222-223, 267-268; -views of other missionaries, 243-24S, 382;-on Bases Organ- icas of 1835, 4-S;-to Alvarado government, 6S;-on Bases Or- ganicas de Tacubaya taken by Bishop and clergy, 282 Oath to Mexican republic of- fered by Fr. Duran, iv, 80-81 Oaths become playthings, iii, 223;-superfluous, 244; -in ef- fect, to a group of faithless politicians, 268;-not required by U. S. Government, iv, 599 Oath as vicario foraneo by Fr. Lasuen, ii, 542;-by Fr. Tapis, 608 Oaxaca, Mexico, ii, 342;-iv, 202 Obedience not binding against law of nature, iii, S48;-blind, always within lawful limits, 101 ;-to existing government, 245 Object of California conquest, ii, 3, 11, 140, 162, 281, 361, 415, 658;-of Catholic religious, iii, 616-617;-of Fr. Garcia Di- ego's departure for Mexico, 60S;-of freethinking Liberals, 618;-of Fr. Garces's tours, ii, 192, 195;-of Indian industry, iii, 644;-of the missionaries, ii, 241-245, 333-334. 363, 635, 639; iii, 243-244, 423; iv, 337, 527-S30;-of the Missions, ii, 138-139, 267, 272, 273, see Missions ;-of Missions defeat- ed, iv, 149-150;-of Mission confiscation, iv, 438;-of Mis- sion enemies, iii, 321-322, 481; -of Pio Pico's hostility to Missions, iv, 3Sl;-of Pious Fund, ii, 284, see Pious Fund; -of Provincias Internas, ii, 292-293 ;-of soldier guards, ii, 281, see Soldiers ;-for sup- pressing religious Orders, iii, 98-99, 618 Obligation of purchaser of Mis- sion, iv, 510 Obligations contracted well known to neophytes, ii, 264 O'Brien, P. Moffat, at recep- tion of Bishop Alemany, iv, 682 O'Connell, Rev. Eugene, ar- rives at San Francisco, iv, 688-689 ;-rector of Santa Ines Seminary, 690, 716;-pastor of English-speaking Catholics at San Francisco, 696;-to suc- ceed Fr. Riibio as adminis- trator, 694;-writes to Fr. J. Jimeno from Ireland, 708, 716;-president of San Fran- cisco Seminary, 715 O'Doherty, George, at recep- tion of Bishop Alemany, iv, 682 O'Donnell, Hugh, iv, 682 O'Donoju, Juan, viceroy, iii, 108 O'Dwyer, Sister Mary Bernard, iv, 714 O'Farrell, Jasper, iv, 697 O'Neil, Sister Mary Aloysia, iv, 688 Observations of latitude by Costanso, ii, 24, 28-31, 34, 38, 44, 48, SO, 96, 98, 176;-by Fr. Crespi, see Crespi Obstacles, worst, encountered by missionaries, iii, 319-320 Obstacles in multiplicity of lan- guages, ii, 252-253, see Lan- guage Obstructing work of mission- aries, ii, 286-287, see Neve, Echeandia Oceanica, Picpus Missions of, iv, 624 Occupation of neophytes, ii, 258-263, 560-564, 637;-iv, 530- 537 Ochejame Indians, iv, 216 Ofler of friars to cede Mis- sions, iii, 51, 321 Offerings for foreign Missions, iv, 790;-for Poor Souls, 790- 791 Office of the Dead, ii, 170 Office of vicario foraneo held by Fr. Presidente, iii, 408 Officers of United States re- spectful to priests, iv, 586 Offices for henchmen, iii, 393, 395-397;-iv, 387-388 Officials of United States sus- picious about Mission prop- erty, iv, 723 86 Index Officials, worthless, ii, 515, see Comisionados, Administrators Ohio, iv, 666, 682, 687, 788 Oils, Holy, difficult to obtain, ii, 63, 642-64S;-iii, 249, 266;- blessed first time in Cali- fornia, iv, 2S7;-ment., 186, 304, 615, 663 Oil, olive, first produced at Mission San Diego, ii, S95;-iv, 534 Ojito Rancho, iv, 727 Olalla (Eulalia), Laguna de, ii, 176, 192 Olasarra, Jose de, iii, 95 Olbes, Fr. Ramon, arrives, iii, 16 Old Hickory — President Andrew Jackson, iv, 792 Old Mexico, history of, ii, 264, see Mexico Old Missions contribute for new ones, ii, 247 Old San Francisco Bay, or Drake's Bay, ii, 96, 97, 661 _ Old San Juan Capistrano, ii, 496 Old Town, San Diego, ii, 18;- iv, 574 Oliva, Fr. Vicente Pascual, ii, 334;-arrives, iii, 17;-refuses oath, 244, 269, 273;-not med- dling with politics, 418-419;- despondent, 479-480, 538;- cannot give supplies demand- ed, 556;-to Figueroa on cat- tle slaughter, 659-660 ;-iv, at San Diego, 115, 237, 323;-re- ports from, 279, 358;-signs circular, SIS, 525; death of, 618;-autograph, iii, 480 Olivas, at Solano, iii, 585 Olivera, Antonio, iv, 311 Olivera, Ignacio, ii, 496 Olomosoug, rancheria, ii, 679 Olvera, Agustin, assembly, iv, 472, 485, 565 Onalaska Indians, ii, 641 Oiiate, Juan de, ii, 193 One missionary at a Mission, Neve's scheme, ii, 331-335, 424;-king's decision, 427 Onsono, Fr. Julian, discreto, ii, 626 Open book, the lives of friars, iv, 385 Opening of first Dominican novitiate in California, iv, 692; -of first Franciscan, 707-708; -of Jesuit College, 691 Opinion of Judge Ogden Hoflf- man in Mission Land Cases, iv, 747-771 Opposition to missionaries, mo- tive for, ii, 362-363, 406 Oraibe, Moqui pueblo, Arizona, ii, 200 Oramas, Fr. Cristobal, ii, 434- 435, 519 Orchard of Santa Clara sold by Pico, iv, 508;-litigation for, 759-771 ;-of Mission San Juan Bautista sold by Pico, iv, 507 Ord, Judge Pacificus, consulted by Bishop Alemany, iv, 731 Ord, Mrs. Maria de las Angiis- tias, on revolt at Santa Bar- bara, iii, 197, 200, 206;-on flight of Fathers Ripoll and Altimira, 2S7;-on imprison- ment of Fr. Luis Martinez, 292-294, 304;-on Echeandia's bad influence over Indians, 305 Ordaz, Fr. Bias, arrives, iii, 56, 84;-with expedition to north, 145-147 ;-celebrates holy Mass at Carquinez Strait, 146;-at- tends dying Fr. Seiian, 174, 178;-in charge of Santa Ines Mission, 196, 204;-refuses oath, 244, 270, 273;-accuses Fr. Duran of disloyalty, 572, S75;-subject to censure, 574; -submits, 574-575 ;-disobedi- ence, 575-576 ;-accused of mis- conduct, 576-577 ;-iv, at San Fernando, 237, 279, 323, 357, 51S;-death of, 686;-ment., 30, 702;-autograph, iii, 575 Order of Our Lady of Ransom, iii, 573;-iv, 190 Order, general, of Commodore Sloat at Monterey, iv, 551-552 Orders, religious, in Mexico, iii, 93, 99;-why molested, 616- 620 Ordinations by Bishop Diego at Santa Barbara, iv, 257-258, 412;-by Archbishop Alemany at San Francisco, 698;-by Bishop Amat at Santa Bar- bara, 718-719 Index 87 Oregon City, iv, 614, 615, 689 Oregon immigrants, iv, 473, 615 Oregon, ment., iv, 478, 545, 614, 616, 627, 677, 689, 691, 809 Oregon, The, iv, 318 Orencio, Indian, ii, 507 Origin of California Indians, ii, 226 Origin of wicked stories, iv, 806-808 Originator of Mission System, ii, 24S;-of Mission regula- tions, 246 Orizaba Franciscan College asked to take some Missions, iii, SO-Sl, 56, 407;-accepts, 51- 52, 55, 56;-declines, 53, 57 Orphan asylum, first, at Los Angeles in charge of Sisters, iv, 718;-at San Francisco, 697 Orranea, Very Rev. Camilo, administrator of Sonora dio- cese, iii, 408-409 Orruno, Fr. Jesus, guardian, iv, 702-704, 707, 722 Ortega, Antonio, mayordomo at Solano, iii, 582-S89;-goes un- punished, 590-592 Ortega, Antonio Maria, assem- bly, iii, 251 Ortega, Francisco Maria, son of Jose Francisco de, elector, iii, 150;-assembly, 157, 185 Ortega, Jose Francisco de, ser- geant, ii, 16;-with Portola ex- pedition, 23, 44, 47, 49, 51-53, 666;-lieutenant, 169, 183, 184, 368;-proposed for governor by Fr. Serra, lll;-appointed comandante of San Diego presidio, 119, 125, 133;-coman- dante of Santa Barbara, 451 Ortega, Jose Joaquin, son of Jose Maria, assembly, iii, 327, 365, 366, 368, 502, 510;-ad- ministrator of Mission San Diego, 534;-removal demand- ed, iv, 147; substitute for last assembly, 472 Ortega, Jose Maria, son of Jose Francisco, sergeant, ii, 491, 562, 569-571, 592;-owner of Rancho de Refugio, iii, 59, 646 Ortega, Juan, sergeant, son of Jose Francisco, iii, 23 Ortega, Manuel, iv, 151 Ortega Rancho, iv, 20 Osio, Antonio Maria, on battle at Santa Barbara, iii, 200;-on Fr. Sarria, 206;-veracity of, 254, 369;-on change in In- dians, 30S;-assembly, 327, 365, 366, 368, 510;-false charge of, 656-6S8;-iv, veracity of, 40;- against Alvarado, 60;-assem- bly, 66, 123;-ment., 124, 127, 157, 284, 285, 325, 389, 760 Osito, or San Benvenuto, ii, 39 Oso Flaco, or Real de las Vi- boras, ii, 38 Osos, Los, site of Mission San Luis Obispo, ii, 39 Osuna, Juan, alcalde, iv, 147 Otolon, Indian, ii, 507 Otter skins obtained by Rus- sians, ii, 634 Our Lady of the Angels, ii, 31, 166, 367;-of Light, iv, 793;- of Refuge, 607;-of Sorrows Church, 706-707, 712, 717;- College, Santa Barbara, 719- 720 Outrageous fabrication, iv, 808- 810 Outrages against Indians, iv, 647-654, see Indians Overseers, missionaries not mere, ii, 422 Overtaxed, Missions, iii, 234-235, see Contributions, Taxes Overworked Indians at presi- dios, ii, 561-563, see Indians Owners, rightful, of Mission lands, iii, 375 ;-384 ;-iv, 288, 290, 347, 373, 437, 464-465 Ownership of Church property at Missions, iii, 549;-iv. 7Zi- 745 Ox-cart, ii, 260-261 ;-iii, 89-90 Paba, Dr. Luis, ii, 550 Pablo, Yuma chief, ii, 175, 176, 192 Pacheco, Francisco Perez, as- sembly, iii, 251, 253 Pacheco, Juan Francisco, iv, 404 Pacheco, Pablo, iii, 585, 586 Pacheco, Romualdo, came with Echeandia, iii, 251;-assembly, 88 Index 289;-hostile to Fr. Martinez, 292-293 ;-hostile to Fr. Bos- cana, 30S;-killed in skirmish, 364 Pacheco, Salvio, assembly, iii, 252, 323, S97;-iv, 285 Pachuca, administrator of Pious Fund Estates, iv, 404 Pacific Coast, description of, from Cape Mendocino to Si- erra de Santa Lucia Mts., ii, 660-662 Pacomio, Indian rebel ban- ished, iii, 204 Padilla, Macedonio, iv, 481 Padre, dame, "Father give me," iii, 480 Padres, Jose Maria, arrives, iii, 2S3;-evil genius against Mis- sions, 316, 356-357 ;-view of Robinson on, 346-347 ;-appar- ently real author of secular- ization scheme, 317, 353;- leading spirit among young paisanos, 349 ;-disloyal act, 358;-banished by Gov. Vic- toria, 359, 504, 511;-machina- tions in Mexico, SOl, 515, 520; -leader in colonization swin- dle, 504-512, 521, 534, 541;- ment., 346, 348, 351-355, 361, 373, 379, 518, 594, 616;-iv, 17, 32 Padron, or register of neo- phytes at each Mission, ii, 255 Pagan liberty, ii, 567 Paganism stubborn, ii, 21-22 Pagans east of mountains ob- ject of friars' solicitude, iii, 263-264, see Zeal Pagans of Rome respected Vestal Virgins, iv, 799 Paisano calumnies begin early, iii, 189, 366-373 Paisano chiefs vilify Fr. Peiri, iii, 414;-disappointed, 483;- condemn themselves, 510;- secure themselves, 534;-sam- ple effects of vile literature, S64;-iv, unjust claim of being Catholics, 12-13;-embarrassed, 15, 16;-threaten Figueroa, 109;-substitute work for_ re- ligious exercises, 117;-rival- ries, 268-269, 477-494 ;-insatia- bly greedy, 286-287 ;-conspire against Micheltorena, 325- 331 ;-harmonious against Mis- sions, 328;-cause of Mission ruin, 346, 502;-covet Mission lands, 466;-disregard Indian rights, 506;-not frequenters of confessional, 783 Paisanos or native sons of early days, iii, 247, 317;-hurt by Fr. Martinez, 281;-in bat- tle, 283-284 ;-poor Christians, 318-319 ;-devoid of gratitude, 319-320;-no teacher succeeded in fifty years, 399;-iv, indo- lence of, 106, 319;-ungrateful, 288;-poor Christians, 429, 783; -yarns of, 426;-ment., 606 Paisanos, remarks about, iv, _167;-hijos del pais, 319, 512 Pajaro, origin of name, ii, 46 Pajaro River, ii, 48, 144;-its source, 492 Pajaro Valley, ii, 45, 520 Pala, San Antonio de, asisten- cia, iii, 48;-Fr. Payeras at, 143-144;-asistencia, iv, 107;- farm at, 596;-men. 182-183, 642 Pale, or Sonquich, ii, 490-491, 493, 496 Pallium for Archbishop Ale- many, iv, 710, 714 Palma, Yuma chief, ii, 139;- honored by Anza, 175-176;- accompanies Anza to Mexico, 189 ;-petitions for mission- aries, 350;-rancheria, 192 Palmo, long measure, ii, 46, 203 Palmyra, Asia, iv, 289 Palo Alto (near Mission San Buenaventura), iv, 510 Palo Colorado, redwood tim- ber, ii, 46 Palomar, Anselmo, iv, 213 Palomar, Diego, guardian, re- calls Fr. J. Real, iv, 691;- permits Fr. Riibio to stay in California, 697-698 ;-ment., 711-712 Palomares, Ignacio, iv, 310, 472 Palomares, Jose, iii, ISO, 157 Palou, Fr. Francisco and Jose de Galvez, ii, 7;-on savages at San Diego, 18;-on found- ing of San Diego Mission, 19;-on failure to find Mon- I terey Bay, 55;-arrives at San Index 89 Diego from Lower Cali- fornia, 127;-assumes charge in absence of Fr. Serra, 128;- at Monterey and San Carlos, 129-130;-his desires, 130;-first report, 137-138 ;-chaplain on expedition, 141 -143 ;-plants Cross at San Francisquito, 142;-raises Cross on Point Lobos, 143;-with another ex- pedition, 16S-166;-blesses San Francisco presidio, 206;- founds Mission San Fran- cisco, 204, 206;-welcomes F"r. Serra at Dolores, 220-221, 326, 399;-with Fr. Murguia addresses Neve, 281-284;-to Pages, 291-292;-on Neve, 301- 302;-on Fr. Serra's last days at Santa Clara, 400;-assists dying Fr. Serra, 401-402;- presidente ad interim, 402;- wants to retire, 402-404;-last entry at Dolores, 404;-de- parts for Mexico, 404;-elect- ed guardian, 405, 424, 427, 443-444;-defends Fr. Serra, 407;-match for all aggressors, 281-284, 405-408, 417-418, 424, 427-428, see vol. i;-death of, 452, 480-481 ;-writings, 404;- on abuse of Pious Fund, 6S8-660;-ment., 61, 72, 140, 146, 178, 180, 202-205, 208, 221, 237, 239, 240, 246, 287, 318, 323, 351, 397-398, 467, 471, 487, 597;-iv, 805, 815;-auto- graph, vol. i, 375 Pame language, Mexico, ii, 299 Pamo, ii, 490;-visited by Fr. Payeras, iii, 143 Pampa Station, Cal., ii, 198 Panama. Isthmus of, ii, 245;- iv, 612, 682, 689, 697, 714, 715, 718 Panegyric on the friars in Mex- ican Congress, iii, 404-405 Panella, Fr. Jose, falsely ac- cused of cruelty, ii, 508 Pangua, Fr. Francisco, guard- ian, warns Fr. Serra against politicians, ii, 145 ;-reelected guardian, 326;-memorial to viceroy, 358-361 ; -writes to Fr. Serra, 371-372 ;-forces hands of De Croix and Neve, 372-375 ;-on Mission System, 381;-deserves well of Cali- fornia, 382;-insists friars must be free, 424;-regulations for conduct of friars, 626- 631;-autograph, 382 Pangua, Fr. Tomas de, guard- ian, on FF. Gill and Rubi, ii, 479-489;-reelected, 597;- ment., 519, 544-545, 600-602;- autograph, 602 Pantoya y Arriaga, Juan, ii, 321, 370, 395 Papal Brief granting privilege to confirm, ii, 308 Papal Brief on new feast of Our Lady of Light, iv, 793 Papal Bulls, iv, 195-201, 303- 305, 799-802 Papal Bulls, Briefs, Decrees in Spanish dominion, ii, 298-315, 603-607 Papal Indult for feast of St. Michael, Archangel, ii, 222- 223 Papel de Holanda, ii, 62 Papel Suplicatorio, ii, 428 Para, Fr., quoted, iii, 25 Paraguay, iii, 137;-iv, 11, 433 Paraiso, Cafiada de, ii, 177 Paraje de Santiago, land grant, iii, 646 Parasite officials, iv, 103, 145- 146 Pard, Robert, iv, 234 Pardon for deserting soldiers, ii, 114-115, 130;-for Indian rebels, iii, 205;-for chief pai- sanos, 445 Paredes y Arrillaga, Mariano, iv, 475, 481 Paredon, Blanco, camp, iv, 564 Parent of Carranzista and Vil- lista ideas, iv, 699 Parental control over neo- phytes, iv, 316, see Loco parentis Parentis, In loco, ii, 119, see Loco parentis, Missionaries, Rights of Missionaries Paris, France, iv, 622, 627 Parish church, Santa Barbara, built by Franciscans, iv, 706- 707 Parish priest's obligations, iii, 429-430 Parishes, first Indian-white, in California, iv, 295 90 Index Parishes, curacies, parish priests, curates, terms not to be used by friars, iv, 43 Parochial schools, iv, 713 Parole broken by Flores, iv, 577-578 ;-by Manuel Castro, Jose Pico, Andres. Pico, 568, 572 Farras, Fr. Pedro Jose, author, iii, 137, 138, 449-450 Parron, Fr. Fernando, chaplain on San Carlos, ii, 9, 11, 12;- first missionary of San Diego with Fr. Serra, 18-20 ;-con- valescing from scurvy, 60;- welcomes ten religious, 85;- retires to Lower California, 86, 89;-discreto at College, 361, 382 Parsimony of viceroyal govern- ment towards Missions, ii, 5-6, 520, 526-527, 530, 538, 544-547, 654, 658, 660 Partiality in secularizing Mis- sions, iii, 395-396 Participators in council, Mon- terey, October 8th, 1822, iii, 152 Parties, political, in Spanish Cortes, 1812, iii, 94-95 Paschal Season for annual Communion, ii, 543 Pascua del Espiritu Santo, ii, 74;-Segundo dia de, ii, 68 Pase, or royal permit, ii, 298, 302, 303, 305-307, 309, 311- 313, 315, 455, 541, 605-607, see Patronato Pasion, Ranchenas de la, ii, 193 Paso de Bucareli, ii, 160, see Bucareli Pasquinades on Pio Pico, iv, 472;-on Mexicans, 485 Pass, Gaviota, ii, 38 Pass, San Jacinto, ii, 136, 667 Passage from Atlantic to Pa- cific, ii, 439 Passing of Mexican-Paisano misrule, iv, 527 Passports demanded by FF. Sanchez and Martinez, iii, 261-263 ;-by Fr. Peiri, 278;- by Fr. Duran, iv, 158-159, 163 Pastoral letters of Fr. Sarria, iii, 407;-of Bishop Diego, iv, 186, 202-203, 239-240, 259-260; -of Fr. Rubio, 606-607, 608;- of Bishop Alemany, 684;-of Bishop Amat, 717-718 Pastoral plays, ii, 256 Patente empowering Fr. Serra to confirm, ii, 310-313 Patentes, Libro de, iv, 302, see Introduction vol. ii;-iii, 7, 85 Paterna, Fr. Antonio, arrives with nine friars, ii, 84-85;- assigned to San Gabriel, 85;- persuades deserting soldiers to return, 90;-at San Gabriel, 93;-vice-presidente, 128;-at San Luis Obispo, 215;-first missionary of Mission Santa Barbara, 434;-ment., iv, 810, 812 Pathetic appeal of Fr. Guard- ian B. Lopez to Mexican Gov- ernment, iii, 208-211 Pathetic petition of Fr. Luis Gil, iii, 129 Pathetic poverty, ii, 509-510;- iv, 4^2 Patience of the neophytes, iv, 306 Patio of a Mission, ii, 559 Patriarch of Santa Barbara, iv, 51 Patriarchal life at Missions, ii, 256, 262, 263, 275, see Mis- sions Patriotism of friars, ii, 468, 646- 647;-iii, 58-62, see Donativo Patriotism no quality of pai- sano chiefs, iv, 475-476, 484- 486, 491-494 Patron, Antonio Jose, iii, 641- 643 Patronato, royal, ii, 302-304, 307, 381, 463, 670-674;-iv, 44 Patrons of California diocese, iv, 259-261, 607;-of schools, 333;-of expeditions, ii, 6, 7, 24, 174 Pattie, James Ohio, iii, 283 Paty, John, iv, 330 Pauper's grave, Pio Pico in, iv. 111 Payeras, Fr. Mariano, at San Carlos, ii, 542;-to Bishop Bernardo, ii, 643-645 ;-named presidente, iii, 7;-zeal, 26-29, 142-143 ;-to Sola on runaways, 33-34;-vicario foraneo, 45;- reappointed presidente, 53-54; -circular on donativo, 20, 60, Index 91 150-151 ;-elected comisario- prefecto, 56, 84;-offers Mis- sions to Bishop, 55, 100-101, 103;-protests against cholo soldiers at Missions, 66;- visits all Missions, 77;-praises friars, 77-78 ;-coinmunicates accusations to friars, 87-88;- soHcitous for Fr. Seiian, 89- 90;-beautiful circular, 101-103; -offers Missions to Gov. Sola, 101-103;-appeals to viceroy against Sola, 112;- dignified reply to Sola, 136;- goes to savage country, 142- 145;-plants Cross near Santa Isabel, 143;-accompanies Rev. A. Fernandez to Russian fort, 154-lS7;-address at opening of first assembly, lS7;-to Em- peror Iturbide, lS8;-recom- mends Fr. Fernando Martin, 614;-death of, 171-172 ;-ment., 29, 31, 36, 64, 68, 124-125, 139, 145, 148, 149, 152, 154-156, 166, 173, 175, 178, 207, 235, 576, 633;-iv, 310, 522, 526, 815;-autograph, iii, 114 Paz, Port of la, ii, 8;-iii, 444- 445 Peace in territory, requisites for, iii, 343 Peace and tranquility under missionary rule, iv, 536-537 Peace, California at, announced by Alvarado, iv, 67;-none till U. S. flag waves, 493;-at last, 581 ;-treaty of, between U. S. and Mexico, 629;-between Mexico and France, 126 Pedagogues, modern, ii, 266 Pedernales. or San Juan Bau- tista, ii, 38 Pedregoso, site of Santa Bar- bara Mission, ii, 434 Pedrero, small cannon, ii, 157 Pedrito, son of Gov. Pages, ii, 394 Pedrorena, Miguel de, iv, 134, 226 Pedroza, Fr. Guadalupe, iv, 676 Peiri (Peyri), Fr. Antonio, first missionary of San Luis Rey, ii, 497;-iii, with Fr. Payeras at Pala, 144;-on Estudillo's demand for supplies, 128;- agrees to oath of independ- ence, 149;-at the Echeandia conference, 237;-swears alle- giance to Mexican republic, 244, 269, 278;-allowed to stay in California, 273;-demands passport, 278;-vice-presidente, 307, 410;-lauded by Fr. Du- ran, 411;-sent to Mexico by Fr. Duran to report, 410-411, 451;-leaves with Gov. Vic- toria, 412-414;-neophytes too late to prevent, 414;-calum- niated by Pio Pico, 414;- praised by Forbes, 415;-suc- ceeded by Fr. Anzar, 409;- discreto at College, 465;- penniless, 558;-iv, successful at San Luis Rey, 148 Peiia, Cosme, lawyer, iv, 124 Peiia, Fr. Jose, chaplain on the San Antonio, ii, 325 Peiia, Fr. Tomas de la, arrives, ii, 104;-consulted by Fr. Ser- ra, 107;-chaplain on voyage north, 145-153 ;-preaches at sea, 147;-keeps diary, 153;- at San Carlos, 175, 185;-at founding of San Francisco presidio, 206;-assigned to Santa Clara, 215-216;-in dis- tress, 387;-discreto of Col- lege, 519, 529;-opinion on Carmelite monastery for Cali- fornia, 521-523 ;-to viceroy on travelling expenses, 545-548;- procurator for California Missions, 579;-ment., 128, 129, 208, 209, 455, 591;-iii, 650 Peiia y Peiia, Manuel, iv, 483- 484 Penance, Tribunal of, iv, 783;- Sacrament of, iii, 263 Peneiro (Pineiro) Rev. Jose Maria, iv, 627, 681, 687 Penitencia Creek, or Arroyo de Encarnacion, ii, 95 Penniless friars, ii, 286 Pennsylvania, ii, 267 Peons, friars like, for sake of Indians, ii, 282 Peons, Indians under M. Val- lejo, iv, 155 People prevent Fr. Duran's ex- ile, iv, 36-38 ;-weary of strife, 493-494; -resent Alvarado's treatment of Fr. Duran, 787, 92 Index 789;-prevent Fr. Rubio's de- parture, 712 Peralta, Most Rev. Alonso Nunez de Haro y, Arch- bishop of Mexico confirms first California Indian, ii, 108; -viceroy, 444, 452 Peralta, Ignacio, iii, 646;-iv, 285 Peralta, Luis, ii, 613;-iii, 646 Peralta, Sebastian, iv, 311 Peregrino, The, iv, 84 Perez, Fr. Bernardino, arrives, iii, 442;-assigned to Santa Clara, 452;-investigates Val- lejo's charges, 461;-secretary to Fr. Diego, 599;-departs for Mexico, 606;-iv, ment., 213, 668-670 ;-autograph, 669 Perez, Jose, ii, 492;-substitute for assembly, iii, 503;-iv, 35 Perez, Fr. Jose Maria, discreto, iv, 712, 722 Perez, Juan, capt. of the San Antonio, ii, 10-16;-reports to viceroy, 64;-takes San An- tonio to Monterey, 65-68, 73- 74, 77;-sails for San Bias, 102; -lands at San Diego, 102;- Monterey, 104;-driven to Loreto by storm, 130;-in command of the Santiago on voyage of exploration north, 144-1 54 ;-death of, 166;-ment., 83, 110, 160, 320, 437 Perez, Juan, mayordomo, iv, 183 Period, saddest, of the Mis- sions, iii, 316 Perkins, Thomas, iv, 318 Permit to establish college and novitiate at Santa Barbara, iv, 701-702 Permit to retire required from Superiors only, ii, 422-424 Perouse, Jean Francois Galaup de la, at Monterey, ii, 435- 436;-remarks on Fr. Lasu6n, 436;-on habitations of In- dians, 229;-leaves first pota- toes and handmill, 436, 638;- what sort of Catholic, 439- 440, 676-679 Peru, ii, 321, 342, 405 Petaluma, iii, 147, 178;-iv, 272 Petaluma Creek, ii, 207, 625 Petaluma Indians, ii, 176, 182 Peter, St., Apostle, iv, 44, 46 Petithomme, Rev. Amable, iv, 690 Petition of Bishop Alemany for Dominican and l'"r;mci scan, novitiate, iv, 700;-of Bishop Diego to Mexican J'residcnt, iv, 204-209 ;-of Envoy Mon- toya for California Bislicij), 190-192 Pew rent, receipt for, to Presi- dent Andrew Jackson, fac simile, iv, 792 Philadelphia, Pa., iv, 711 Philip IT, King of Spriin, ii, 672;-Philip V, ii, 517, 524 Philippine churches looted by U. S. volunteers, iv, 582 Philippine Islands, ii, 150, 325, 367, 616;-iii, 302 Philippine ships, ii, 133, 324, 395, 436-437 Phrasemongers and muckrak- crs, iv, 699, see Yarns, Tales Physical characteristics of Cali- fornia Indians, ii, 227-228, see Indians Physicians and surgeons, see Anderson, Piiba, ]?rat, Sol6r Pico, Andres, at San Luis Rey, iv, 182;-dirccted to arm the militia, 326-327 ;-comiHionado, 380, 381, 387, 388, 454, 459;- breaks parole, 568;-command8 at battle of San Pascual, 573; -surrenders to Fremont, 578; -purchases lands of Mission San Jose, 507;-ment., 547, 558, 564, 571, 572, 574, 575, 727, 748-753 Pico, Antonio Maria, purchases San Rafael Mission, iv, 507;- ment., 124, 361, 472, 748, 751, _752, 754 Pico, Jos6, iii, 63;-iv, violently seizes Fr. Mercado, 326, 424- 425;-reveals motive, 423-424; -shocking yarns, 426-427;- typical liberalized paisano, 424, 426;-breaks parole, con- demned to death, pardoned by Fremont, 568 Pico, Jose Antonio, iii, 23, 126, 572;-purchases Mission San Luis Rey^ iv, 507 Pico, Maria Enst4quia, Pio Pico's mother, iv, 464, 466 Index 93 Pico, Miguel, land grant, iii, 646 Pico, Patricio, land grant, iii, 646 Pico, liquor seller at San Luis Obispo, iii, 233 Pico, Pio, first appearance, iii, 252;-veracity of, 254;-heads revolt against Gov. Victoria, 361-364 ;-gov erne r 20 days, 365-366 ;-address to Mexican Government, 366-369;-his kind of republicanism not relished, 370;-senior of assembly, 372; -conspirator against Missions, 377, 41S;-slanders Fr. Peiri, 414;-pardoned, 467;-assembly, 502, 510, 530;-administrates San Luis Rey, 534, 538;- slanders friars, 559, 614, 658;- catechism of, 613-614;-cattle slaughter, 656, 658;-ment., 430, 478, 481, 570;-iv, admits bad effects of secularization, 17-18, 308;-repudiates Alva- rado, 60;-disgruntled, 66-67, 75;-prisoner at Sonoma, 75;- protests against Monterey as capital, 127;-misrule and des- potism at San Luis Rey, 100, 148, 159-160, 179-182;-deserves to be thrashed, Fr. Duran declares, 182;-discharged by Hartnell, 182, 435;-sponsor at Confirmatilon, 228;-re- markable contract, 315;-calls assembly and has himself de- clared governor and Michel- torena deposed, 328;-procla- mation, 335;-informs Bishop, 336 ;-provisional governor, 339, 375, 470-471 ;-determined to wipe out Missions, 337- 342, 351-354, 366-367, 373-376, 380-384, 410-411, 430, 434, 438, 495-496 ;-tries to deceive Fr. Duran, 340-341 ;-wants to save appearances, 367-368;- proclamation confiscating Mission, 380;-remembers friends, 388;-act of confisca- tion, 373-375 ;-like Figueroa's, 375-376 ;-acknowledges right of neophytes, 351;-insincer- ity, 352-353, 385-387 ;-false charges, 363-367 ;-in haste to wipe out Missions, 433, 442- 443, 456-457, 501-502, 505;- death of his mother, 464, 466;-appointed governor, 483- 484;-takes oath, 484;-Mexi- can Government forbids alienating Missions, 455;- Pico ignores Montesdeoca order, 456;-to Bishop on death of Hijar, 389;-to Bish- op on fee system, 401;-asks prayers, 406;-after Pious Fund, 407, 435-436 ;-rebuff from Fr. Duran and Bishop Diego, 437-442 ;-to Fr. Duran on leases, 466-468 ;-nothing more to deter him, 469;-is- sues reglamento for sale of Missions, 445-450, 462;-sells Missions, 459;-trickery, 502- S03;-not guided by Christian principles, 505-506 ;-accom- plished his purpose, 508-509, 723;-unscrupulous, 367, 513;- condemns his own past course, 556;-informed of Bish- op's death, 517-518;-assem- bles his last legislature. 484- 485, 494-495 ;-versus Jose Cas- tro, 470-486 ;-calls opposition junta, 486-490 ;-in need re- members clergy, 489;-moves to crush Castro, 491;-at San- ta Barbara, 497, 547;-calls for soldiers, 556-557 ;-grants land to McNamara, 5S0;-meels Castro, both retreat south, 548, 557-558 ;-flees to Mexico, 559-560;-returns with absurd aims, 632, 635;-Stevenson's description of, 634;-ancestors, 634;-Mission sales annulled by Flores assembly, 566, 769- 770;-declared null by U. S. courts, 550, 724-725, 728, 743, 755-756, 760-771 ;-l and con- firmed to him and Andres, 746;-barely escapes poor- house, 49, lll;-in pauper's grave, lll;-his "Documen- tos," 366, 368, 382, 386;-ment., 31, 53, 104, 112, 123, 124, 169, 170, 183, 184, 273, 284, 285, 287, 293, 332, 336, 410, 416, 472, 478, 481, 492-494, 527, 549, 554, 565, 582, 594, 637, 673, 752, 755-762, 764-766, 782, 816;-autograph, 510 94 Index Pico, Santiago de la Cruz, mes- tizo, grandfather of Pio, iv, 634 Picpus Fathers, C. SS. CC, iii, 651;-iv, invited by Fr. Riibio, 612, 622-624;-arrive, 613, 621, 625-627 ;-take charge of Santa Ines seminary, 677;-open school at Los Angeles, 677, 691;-school at Dolores, 716;- ment., 685, 686, 690, 698, 719, 789-790 Picture of Blessed Virgin Mary calms savages, ii, 91, 192 Pictures as means of teaching divine truths, ii, 253 Piecework at Missions, ii, 560- 561 Pie de Loma, ii, 177 Pieras, Fr. Miguel, arrives, ii, 84-85 ;-assigned, 85, 87-88 ;-at San Carlos, 103-104;-at San Antonio, 129;-at San Carlos, 171, 179;-at San Antonio, 182, 185, 215 Pierce, Franklin, President United States, iv, 732 Pilar, El, land grant, iii, 646 Pilar, Nuestra Senora del, or Pinto Lake, ii, 47;-Rincon, ii, 128;-Cucamonga, iii, 39;-Pa- troness of expedition, iii, 38 Pill, bitter, for paisano chiefs, iv, 287 Pillory as penalty, ii, 276 Pimas, San Jose de los. Mis- sion in Sonora, ii, 174 Pimeria Alta y Baja, iii, 376 Pina, Lazaro, iii, 300;-iv, 65 Pino, Miguel del, ii, 74, 11, 102 Pino, Vicente, iii, 256 Pinole, corn meal, ii, 128, 233 Pinones, Los, camp, ii, 40 Pinos, Point, ii, 41, see Point Pinto, Jose Manuel, iv, 311 Pinto, or Atnesti, Lake, ii, 47 Pious Fund, revenues, ii, 124;- contribution from for Mis- sions, 247, 279, 284, 289, 291 ;- unlawfully employed, 5, 124, 655-660;-ment., 84, 121, 163, 219, 331, 332, 372, 380, 461, 493, 522-523, 525, 530, 544, 578;-iii, misused, 47, 54, 506, 521, 561 ;-discussed in con- gress, 403-406;-ordered rented for Missions, 406;-some sti- pends paid from, 248-249, 267;- why so little, 561 ;-not touched by College, 249;-ment., 28, 54, 55, 70, 73, 125, 209, 210, 257, 313, 323, 394, 396, 506, 560, 562, 647, 650;-iv, sur- rendered to Bishop Diego, 90-91, 187, 192, 203-204, 403- 404;-correspondence on, 254- 255, 401-406;-in charge of Ramirez, 224, 242;-stipends from to 1840, 219-220 ;-amount collected from, 245, 405, 669;- sacred to Missions, 439, 441;- confiscated by Santa Anna, 243-245, 438;-restored to Bishop, 441-442;-claimed by paisano chiefs, 293-295 ;-Pico after it, 437;-assembly de- cree, 434;-refused, 187, 441- 442;-last Mexican legislation on, 356;-Archbishop Alemany resolves to recover Fund, 695;-decision of arbiter, 695;- ment., 171, 208-209, 240, 254, 255, 410, 693, 694, see volume i, 595-599 Pitiable condition of freed In- dians at Los Angeles and San Gabriel, iv, 648-649 Pitique, Sonora, ii, 190 Pittance assigned for Divine Worship, iii, 578, 580;-iv, re- ceived by Fr. Jose Jimeno, 465, see Maximum and Mini- mum allowance Pittance begrudged the friars, see Friars, Missionaries, Neve Pitt River massacre, iv, 653 Pittsburg, Pa., iv, 696 Pity of friars for Indians, iv, 104-105, 118-120 Pius, Pope, VI, ii, 222, 392, 454;-iv, 45;-Pius VII, iii, 278, 622:-Pius VIII, elected, iii, 278;-Pius IX, iv, 666, 700- 701, 717, 720-721 ;-Pius X, iii, 180, Pizcache, rancheria, ii, 623 Plan to annoy friars, Neve's, ii, 336-340 ;-of Fr. Duran to leave with friars, iii, 410;-of Hijar-Padres foiled, 507-508;- de San Luis Potosi, iv, 481;- of Bandini, 497-501 Plan de Iguala, iii, 108, 148, 153, 217 Index 95 Plan of San Francisco presidio, ii, 205 Plaza church, Los Angeles, iii, 632;-iv, 484, 719 Pleading, eloquent, ii, 281-284;- iii, 403-406 Pleasant surprise to friars, iv, S99 Plenary Council of Baltimore, First, iv, 693, 697, 732 Pliego, Rodrigo del, iii, 303, 333, 364 Ploughing in early days, ii, 258-259 Plundering Pious Fund Es- tates, iv, 244-245 Plunder, rule of, iv, 131-135 Plunder scheme, iii, 508-509 Pocahontas, The, iii, 365, 411 Point Abastos or San Pedro, ii, 62S;-Angel Custodio, 51, 53;-Afio Nuevo, 41, 48, 73, 320;-iii, 646 ;-Breakers, or San Esteban, ii, 152;-Con- cepcion, 39, 6S;-Cypress, 41;- Huchunes, or San Pablo, 625; -Lobos, 143, 165, 180;-Pinole, or San Andres, 625;-Pinos, 41, 53, 54, 57-58, 71, 73, 661- 662;-Reyes, 50, 51, 73, 96-98, 153 165, 205, 661;-San Pablo, iii, 156;-San Pedro, ii, 49, 51, 165;-iii, 14^, 156, 646;-Santa Clara, or Woody Point, ii, 152;-Santa Margarita, or Cape North, 148-149, 151 Police, Indian, recommended at reservations, iv, 642 Police regulations at Missions, ii, 265, 275-277 Policy of conciliation on part of U. S. officials, iv, 596-598 Politeness of friars, iii, 212, see Courtesy Political changes, ii, 451-452;- iii, 251-254, see Provincias In- ternas Political doctors, Fr. Duran for once agrees with, iv, 463;- iii, dogma, 564;-organization of California in 1839, iv, 123;, -parties in Spanish Cortes of 1812, iii, 94-95 ;-reasons for keeping neophytes at Mis- sions, ii, 264-265, see Run- aways ;-suicide by Pio Pico, iv, 470, 636 Politicians and courtiers un- scrupulous, ii, 145, 285, 351;- iii, 320, 564-565 ;-selfish, ii, 6, 530, see Neve, Echeandia, the paisano chiefs ;-arrogant, see Neve;-iv, 30, 418-421, 664, see Mexican governors, save Vic- toria and Micheltorena, gen- erally Politicians in charge of Pious Fund, ii, 284, see Pious Fund Politics no duty of clergy, gen- erally, iii, 330;-iv, 489-490 Polk, James Knox, President U. S., pardons Fremont, iv, S80;-ment., 428 Polygamy among savages, ii, 239 Pomp desired by Mexicans, iv, 400 Poniatowski, Prince, iii, 209 Pontifical Briefs, see Papal Bulls Poor to the last, the friars, iii, 567;-iv, 175-177, 462-463 Poorhouse, Pio Pico barely escapes, iv, 49, 111 Poor Souls' Bell, ii, 559;-iii, 279 Poor Souls, collection for, ac- cording to Alvarado, iv, 790- 791 Popa, Maria, iv, 415-416 Pope Adrian VI, iv, 304;-Alex- ander VI, ii, 460, 670-671;- Benedict XIV, ii, 297;-Calix- tus II, iii, 621;-Clement XIII, ii, 67;-Clement XIV, ii, 67, 298;-Eugene III, iii, 621;- Gelasius II, iii, 621;-Inno- cent XI, ii, 605;-Julius II, 460, 671;-Leo X, iv, 303, 304, 799-802;-Leo XII, iii, 278;- Paschal II, iii, 621;-Paul III, iv, 304;-Pius VI, 222, 392, 454;-Pius VII, iii, 278, 622;- Pius VIII, 278;-Pius IX, iv, 666, 700-701, 717, 720-721;- Pius X, iii, 180;-Sixtus IV, iii, 625;-Urban II, iii, 621 Pope, authority of the, in Span- ish dominions, ii, 4€0, 670- 674 Poppy, California, or Esch- scholtzia, iii, 82 Populacho, people of Monterey presidio so termed by Fr. Font, ii, 183 96 Index Population of California, in 1851, iv, 686 Population, Catholic, in Cali- fornia, in 1851, iv, 686 Population, Indian, of Cali- fornia, in 1842, iv, 322 Porciuncula, ii, 31, see Our Lady of Angels Porciuncula, Rio de, see Rio Porpoise, The, iv, 318 Portezuelo, El, iii, 155 Portezuelo de la Concepcion Purisima, or Fort Yuma, Cal, ii, 189, 491 Port of Monterey discovered, ii, 3;-expedition in search of, 4-40;-found, but not recog- nized, 41-44;-map of, 42;- again reached, not recog- nized, 54-58 ;-believed filled up, 63;-second expedition for, 71;-recognized, 73 ;-Mission started at, 74-75 ;-presidio founded, 78;-Corpus Christi at, 78-79, 85-,-rejoicing in Mexico, 79;-Mission moved from, 81, 83, see Monterey Port of La Paz, ii, 8, see La Paz Port of Trinidad, ii, 155 Port of San Diego discovered, ii, 3;-named, 7, ll;-vessels wait, 10;-latitude, 12;-land expeditions arrive, 14-15 ;-Fr. Serra founds Mission, 18-19; -Indian attack, 20-21 ;-ment., 27, 64, 65, 68, 85, 86, 89, 127, 131, 133, 210, 219, 300, 310, 320, 322, see San' Diego, Mis- sion San Diego Port of San Bias saved by Fr. Serra for California, ii, 109, lis, 116, 121;-cost to main- tain, 122-123 ;-Fr. Serra re- turns from, 126;-ment., 16, 80, 83, 112, 113, 118, 124, see San Bias Port of San Francisco (Old, or Drake's Bay) sought, ii, 7;-discovered, 49-51, 55, 81, 83, 96, 97, 99, 133, 140, 143, 153, 161-165, 171-172, 175, 179, see Drake's Bay Port of San Francisco, ("Arm of the Sea," or inner bay), discovered, ii, 51-52, 181, 182; -description by Anza, 189;- presidio planned at, 201;- erected and dedicated, 207- 208, 220, 281, see San Fran- cisco, Mission San Francisco Portilla, Pablo de la, arrives with cholos, ii, 62;-at coun- cil, Monterey, 148;-heads ex- pedition, 205;-joins revolters, 362-364 ;-comisionado of San Luis Rey, 483-484, 535-538;- ment., 479, 539, 540;-iv, 308 Portilla, Silvestre, iv, 308 Portola, Caspar de, military commander, arrives in Lower California, ii, 3;-at San Di- ego, 16-17;-leads expedition to Monterey Bay, 18;-difficul- ties encountered, 22-66;-sec- ond expedition, 71-77;-his despatches to viceroy, 79;- departs for Mexico, 80;-re- warded, 80;-his route to San Francisco Bay, 663-666 ;-ment., 87, 95, 141, 143, 183, 354, 659; -iv, 815-816;-autograph, ii, 11 Portugal, its usurpers, ii, 285;- iii, 318;-iv, 590, 779 Portsmouth, The, iv, 267, 551, 554, 563 Posa (Poza?) Creek, or Rio de Santiago, ii, 199 Posada y Garduiio, Most Rev. Manuel, iv, 199, 202, 212, 521; -autograph, 211 Posada, Ramon de, ii, 443, 544 Positions for henchmen, iv, 152 Postage costly, ii, 410-411;- viceroy's decision, ii, 602;- later friars pay, iii, 208 Postal revenues in California, ii, 591-592 Potabo, Indian, ii, 507 Potatoes first brought to Cali- fornia, ii, 436 Poverty of Bishop Diego, iv, 442, 519;-of diocese, 394-395; -of the churches after con- fiscation, 216-217;-of the fri- ars, ii, 127-128, 282, 410, 465- 468, 510, 527-528, 647-648 ;-Fr. Sarria insists on, iii, '46-47;- observed, 630;-emphasized to the last, iv, 383, 462-463 ;-of the Missions, iii, 129, 247, 394, 459-460 Power, no, except from God, iv, 385 Index 97 Powers of assembly, iv, 769;- of governor, 768 Powhattan, The, iv, 717 Poza de San Antonio, ii, 492;- de Santa Salomea, 492 Pozas, Las, or Vahca, ii, 495 Pozo de Carrizal, ii, 176;-de Santa Rosa, 176 Pozole, kind of soup, ii, 254, 554, 567 Pozolera, community kitchen, ii, 559, 573 Pozos de San Casimiro, ii, 194; -de San Juan de Dios, 194 Praise, deserved, for Fr. Peiri, iii, 411 Prat, Dr. Pedro, on first sea expedition, ii, 9-ll;-devotion to sick, 14-16, 18, 21, 22;- himself ill, 60;-goes to Mon- terey, 65;-receives supply of medicines, 83;-death of, 114, 118 Prayer of Moses, ii, 468 Prayer opens constitutional convention at Monterey, iv, 659 Prayers at Missions, see Rou- tine, Religious Exercises, Missions Prayers, public, asked for suc- cess of Spanish arms, ii, 391, 464-465, 468, 539, 646;-by Mexican Government, iii, 149;-iv, 406 Preachers, Friars, or Domini- cans, iv, 620, see Dominicans Preaching on board ship, ii, 147, 152, lS5;-at Port Santi- ago, 322;-during Anza's ex- pedition, 176-178 ;-in language of natives, iii, 607-611 Precious document from Fr. Duran, iv, 21-29 Prefecto, see Comisario-Pre- fecto Prefects and subprefects, iv, 124, 390 Prefectures, iv, 123 Prelates at First Plenary Coun- cil of Baltimore, iv, 693 Presbyterian church, Washing- ton, D. C, iv, 792-793 Presentation Sisters, first, ar- rive at San Francisco, iv, 714 President of Mexico in dilem- ma, iv, 484 Presidente, Fr., title of Su- perior of California Missions; -power of, iii, 4;-term of of- fice, 7;-also vicario foraneo, iv, 79;-of the Fernandinos, iv, 79, 525;-in capite, ii, 452, 524;-of Zacatecans, see Zaca- tecans President Polk's conciliatory policy, iv, 598, 601 Presidio Hill, Monterey, Cross planted in 1769, ii, 58 Presidio of Monterey, person- el, ii, 122;-cost of, 122;-Anza at, 178;-ment., 94, 183, 542;- donativo from, ii, 390;-desti- tution, iii, 18-20;-sacked, 59- 61;-contributions to from Missions, 59-60, 69, 117, 123- 124, see Contributions, Sup- plies, Drafts, Donativo, Mon- terey- Presidio of San Diego, person- el, ii, 122;-donativo from, 390; -ment., 169, 542;-iii, 124, 150, 224, 397, 556, see San Diego, Drafts, Supplies, Donativo Presidio of San Francisco, founded, ii, 204-206 ;-descrip- tion, 20S;-lack of food, 325;- donativo from, 390;— school at, 474;-ment., 215, 221, 465, 467;-iii, 124, 147, 460, 531, see San Francisco, Drafts, Sup- plies, Soldiers Presidio (Pueblo) of Santa Barbara, site, ii, 35, 227;-es- tablished, 369;-donativo, 390; -force at, 451;-attended from Mission, 466-467 ;-Vancouver at, 470;-school, 474;-excesses, 563;-ment., 382, 542;-iii, drunkenness, 132-133;-a bau- dry, 229;-Gov. Victoria, 347; -Fr. Uria dies, 466;-Vallejo, 486;-ment., 33, 37, 59, 62, 160, 332, 397, 531, 646;-iv, Chico, 3, 5;— conservative, 20;— revolt against exile of Fr. Duran, 36-38 ;-Bishop received, 228, 230-234;-Simpson on town, 234-235 ;-school, 332, 334;-Hi- jar, commissioner, 388-389;- partido, 390;-Pio Pico, 477, 491, 547, 760;-U. S. flag raised, 558, 568;-Sisters of Charity, 697;-ment., 130, 401, 98 Index 481, 487, 727, see Drafts, Troops, Supplies, Echeandia, De la Guerra, Fremont, Stockton, Fr. Duran, Fr. Rii- bio. Bishop Diego Presidio storekeepers, or habil- itados, unjust, ii, 427 Presidios, missionaries have no obligation in justice to at- tend, ii, 420, 427 Presidios, population of, in, 1790, ii, 4S0-4S1 Presidios, condition of, in, 1793, ii, 465 Press, licentious, iii, 564 Prestamero, Fr. Juan, arrives, ii, 127;-supernumerary, 129;- retires ill, 132 Pretext for military idleness, ii, 470;-for seizure of Fr. Martinez, iii, 286;-sought and found, iv, 351-352 Preuss, Arthur, editor Catholic Fortnightly Review, ii, 673 Prevenciones Provisionales of Figueroa, iii, 473-476;-Fr. Du- ran's views, 480-481 ;-attitude of missionaries, 542 Price, John, iv, 643 Price of products prescribed by governor, ii, 421-422, SIS, 574- 576 Price-list of Neve, ii, 674-675 Price of produce in 1816, iii, 82;-in 1823, 168, 185-186 ;-ac- cording to Forbes, 637 Price obtained for Missions sold, iv, 507-508 Priest, first secular, in Upper California, ii, 320 Priest imprisoned in Mexico for displeasing officials, iv, 784, see also 794-799 Priest at San Diego complains about U. S. troops, iv, 589 Priesthood, vocation for, iii, 343 Priestly revenge, iii, 293-294 Priest's worst humiliation, ii, 315 Priests, dearth of, iii, 52, 290;- not appreciated coming with soldiers, 205-206 ;-number at arrival of Bishop, 237-238;- unworthy treatment of, 292- 294, 532, 534;-whites negli- gent in support of, 394-395;- iv, first ordained in Califor- nia, 2S7-258;-dearth of, 391, 409, 520, 612-613, 618;-not properly treated, 248-250, 392- 395, 684-685, 687;-overbur- dened, 391-394;-living in pri- vate houses, 393, 687;-en- titled to support, 248-250, 395, 791-793 ;-s ecu la r, 324, 372, 685-686;-appointed tithe col- lectors, 256-257 ;-foreign ad- mitted by Santa Anna, 284;- in secularized Missions at mercy of purchasers, 510- 514;-priests put in charge of Mission property, 583-587, 122>; cannot sell land, 587- 588;-courteously treated by U. S. officials, 586-605 ;-treat- ment under Mexican and American rule compared, 595- 596;-eliminated by paisanos, desired by Americans, 645- 646;-volunteers arrive, 612- 616, 715-716;-number at ar- rival of Bishop Alemany, 685-686;-ordained by Arch- bishop Alemany, 696, 716;- ordained by Bishop Amat, 718-719 Prieto, Vicente, iii, 516 Primary schools, see Schools Prince de Astiirias, ii, 339, 646 Prince of Wales's Archipelago, ii, 160 Prince William's Sound, ii, 322, 437-438 Princesa, The, ii, 161, 305, 321- 325, 370, 435, 437, 438, 470, 617;-iii, 16, 261 Princess Royal, The, ii, 438 Principe, El, ii, 8, 65, 11, 216, see The San Antonio Principio River, El, see Rio Principles of Mission despoil- ers, iv, 783 Private property, the Mission lands, iv, 286;-lands of neo- phytes, according to Figuer- oa, 377 Privilege, franking, for mis- sionaries, ii, 408-410 ;-abro- gated, iii, 208 Privileges of the Bula Cruzada, iii, 620-622 ;-forfeited, 160 Probation before Baptism, ii, 500 Index 99 Proceeds from Mission sales squandered, iv, S04;-from rentals, 465-467 Processions at Missions, ii, 2S3, 627;-at Dolores, 322;-at Port Santiago, 322 Procession, Corpus Christi, at Los Angeles, iv, 280-281, see Corpus Christi Proclamation of Arrillaga, on forest fires, ii, 564 Proclamation, or Bando, Ech- eandias, iii, 347-348, --by Chico, iv, 4;-of rump legislature; 54- 55;-by Alvarado, 73;-by San- ta Anna admitting Jesuits, 282-283 ;-by Pico alienating Missions, 445;-by leader of Bear Flag men, 544-545 ;-by Commodore Sloat, 552, 554;- by Pico calling for soldiers, SS6-S57;-by Commodore Stockton, S62;-by Commo- dore Shubrick and General Kearny, 579;-by General Kearny on Mission property, 583, 723;-by Gov. Mason on Treaty of Peace, 630-632;- by Gov. Mason on selling liquor to Indians, 641;-by Gov. Mason on Indian wel- fare, 64S-646;-by Gov. Riley on Thanksgiving, 661-662 Procurator for Missions elected by College, ii, 626;-duty of, 591, 629;-iii, 209, 247-249 Products, staple, of Missions, ii, 258, see Price list Profession, religious, of St. Francis, vsrhen made, ii, 68;- of Rev. Langlois, iv, 692 Progress, spiritual, of Missions, ii, 580-581 ;-iv, 527-530 ;-raate- rial, 531-537 Prohibited works, iii, 170, 543- 544;-iv, 777-782 Project, foolish, of Viceroy Branciforte, ii, 521-523 Promise of St. Francis, iii, 103 Prominent paisanos hostile to Bishop Diego, iv, 520 Pronunciamento of rebels against Gov. Victoria, iii, 362-363 Pronunciation of Spanish let- ters, vol. i, page vi;-of Span- ish names, ii, page vi Propagation of the Faith, Sa- cred Congregation of, ii, 616; -iv, 711 Propaganda College, Rome, iv, 716 Property of Church declared national booty, iv, 317, 730, 795 Property of Church in Mis- sions, iii, 638;-iv, 48, 338, 727-728, 730, 736-745 Property of Church at Mis- sions, Kearny's proclamation, iv, 723;-Court decisions, 746- 771 Property of Missions not claimed by friars, iii, 410, 549, 556-557 Property of Missions destroyed, iii, 656, 658, 660-662 Property rights of Indians acknowledged by Pico, iv, 341;-not public property, 26- 27;-private property, says Figueroa, 377, see Figueroa Propios, or lands rented out, iii, 475 Proposition, inconsiderate, ii, 524-525, 531-532, see Neve on one missionary at a Mission Proselytism in U. S. Govern- ment schools, ii, 267 Prosperity at Missions due to Indian labor, ii, 513;-under the friars, iv, 438-439, 532 Protest of Fr. Sanchez to land grant, iii, 645;-of Fr. Moreno, iv, 364;-of Fr. Duran, 288- 293, 351 Protestant commonwealth, iii, 317;-marriages, iv, 600-601;- preachers in Sandwich Is- lands, iii, 478, 482, 651, 652 Protestantes, Los, treat In- dians and priests well, iv, 596 Proto-martyr of California, ii, 169-170 Proverb, Spanish, ii, 102 Provincias Internas, ii, 292-293, 303, 316, 371, 375, 457 Providence Mts., ii, 194 Provocation for Mexican re- volt in 1810, ii, 649 Proxy, marriage by, iv, 125 Prudentes sicut serpentes, etc., ii, 339 lOO Index Prudon, Victor, iii, 594;-iv, 34, 250, 269, 481, 542 Public prayers asked, see Pray- ers Puebla, Mexico, ii, 80;-iv, 518 Puebla (Tlaxcala), iv, 793 Pueblo de los Angeles founded, ij, 366-367 ;-ment., 450-451, 511, 675, see Los Angeles Pueblo de San Jose de Guada- lupe founded, ii, 222;-school at, 473-474;-ment., 367, 387, 394, 426, 511, 520, 542, 675;- objects to exile of friars, iii, 274-275 ;-ment., 49, 133, 150, 224, 279, 305, 354, 397, 531, 611;-headquarters of paisano rebels, iv, 326, 422-424 ;-ment., 296, 311, 313, 327, 391, 394, 401, 412, 426, 427, 481, 583, 597, 627, 643, 689, 710, 724 Pueblo Missions on the Colo- rado, ii, 352-353 Pueblo of San Juan Capistrano, iv, 184-185 Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, ii, 260 Pueblos or towns, regulations for, ii, 329-330 ;- prescribed distance from Indian Mis- sions, 515-516 Pueblos, Dos, ii, 37 Pueblos or freed and independ- ent Indian settlements, iii, 638 Puelles, Fr. Jose Maria, iv, 213 Puentes, or Arroyo de San Lu- cas, ii, 48 Puerta de la Concepcion, Fort Yuma, Cal., ii, 352 Puerto de la SS. Trinidad, ii, 155 Puerto de la Anunciacion, ii, 206;-de San Carlos, ii, 136, 176, 666-667;-de Guadalupe, ii, 159;-de Nuestra-Seiiora de los Remedies, 159 Pujol, Fr. Francisco, poisoned, iii, ll-12;-autograph, iii, 11 Pulgas, Las, ii, 49, 229 Punishments or penalties at Missions like those by par- ent, ii, 277;-adapted to cul- prit and gravity, 265, 275-276; -ment., 568-569, 572-574, 628, 636;-iii, 14, 113, see Flogging Punishments or penalties in white communities, ii, 275-276 Punishment overtakes persecu- tors, iv, 49, Ml Punta del Angel Custodio, ii, 49;-del Ano Nuevo, 41, 48, 58, 73, 661;-de la Concepcion, 38, 57;-de Martires, 158;-de Fi- nos, 41, 54, 57, 70, 73, 661-662; -de los Reyes, 50, 51 57, 58, 73, 661 Pupils in college at Santa Ines, iv, 412 Purisima Concepcion Mission, Lower California, ii, 16 Purisima Concepcion Mission, see Mission Purisima Purisima Concepcion Pueblo, ii, 352, 354 Puritans, cruelties of, iii, 455, 627;-fanaticism of, iv, 590 Purpose of Missions in mind of Spanish politicians, ii, 83- 84;-in mind of missionaries, see Messengers of Gospel Purpose, apparent of Gov. Neve, ii, 287 Purpose of Pious Fund, ii, 291, see Pious Fund Puzzled explorers, ii, 41-44 Q Quakers persecuted by Puri- tans, iii, 627 Qualifications of missionaries, ii, 245-246, 475-476 ;-see Mis- sionaries, Messengers of Gos- pel Quarrel reveals truth at San Francisco, iii, 591 Q. B. L. M., meaning, iii, 337 Queen Charlotte's Island, ii, 148, 321 Queen Isabella, ii, 670 Queen Jane of Castile, ii, 671 Queer juxtaposition, ii, 463, see Ambas Majestades Queretaro, Mexico, ii, 108, 171, 174, 191, 200, 246, 298, 371, 392, 404, 477, 478, 551;-iv, 296 Queretaro College, see Santa Cruz College Queretaro diocese, iv, 793 Questions, fifteen, on manage- ment of Missions, ii, 551-582 Quevedo, Rt. Rev. Juan de, Index lOI Memorial on Ir irs. 11. Qcibbling -topped, i:. 31- CJnickest trip on record :" Cali- femis, iii, Jj-" Quijas, tT. Jose LorerLzo de la Ccocepcicn. arrives. Si, 442:- assigxed to Missioa Dolores, 452:— e5:a.n:ines charges. 461;- exp ;scs sirraziot a: Soiaso. 5Sl-£SS:-refnses to live at S:la-o. 590-591 :-iT. vice- comisario, 2?7-3'15 :— dispute witi Bishop. 29&-3*J5 :-Geparts. Si'2;-vaeat^ 12S. 151, 237;- aQtc^iaph, iii, 5S6 Qtiijite, Dtn. (iL Vallejo), iii, 593:-iv, 781 Qrijotean feat, ii, 654 C'--— per, ManneL ii, 4SS Qainn, Rev. Jolm, ordained priest at Sat: Francisco, iv, €96 Qtiititasa, Fr. Andres, incr- dered, iii, 12, 25;— slandered, 12 ;— exoneratMl, 13-16 ;— auto- ffrapii, iii, 15 Qtiitttana. Istdro Fernandez t. ii, 311 Quinones, or Most Rev. Fr. Francisco de !os Aneeies, iv, 303 Qnirico, Indian, iii, 13 Qtiiros. Fernando, captain of the San Antonio, ii, 161:— ot San Carlos, 202, 2i:5;-at foiiitdina- of Dolores, 206;— espioradons, 2Lr:-ai opening of Dolores. 208;-^nenL, 321, 323 Q'.t:t:a~ine. rancheria, iii, 23 R Ratago T Bojo, Fernando, ii, 643 ' Rada de Bncareli, ii, 157 Radical change throngh discov- ery of gold, iv, 609-610 Radical difference between Catholic religions and Free- thinkers, ui, 616-^0 Rafael, Indian interpreter, iii, 145-M6 Rage of Mission enemies. Hi, 485;— of Padres and confeder- ates, 358;-of Xeve, ii, 313-314 Raho. Rev. Bias, C M., iv, r:s-720 RainiEiido. Indian, ii, 503, 5<>S. 50? Rains relicTe rFoia scurvy, ii, 4^ Ramirez, Aneei. apostate motik. iii 5'>j. 512-513. 572.-iv, 5-S Ratnrrez, tr, rranciscc. dis- creto, iv. 712 Rantirez de Arellano, Fr. Ig- nacio, O. P., in Lower Cali- tomia, ir, 515:— iv. arrives at Monterey, 624:— strange ac- ti:n. 6";i3 :-rebnked, 6<14:-t!the collector. 622;— opens conven- tion \Fith prayer. 659:— at Monterey. 6S5. c-S". 6'>3;-re- caUed t; Mexico, 692 Ramirez. lose Maria, iii, 1S5, 362. 4S4;-4v, 30 Ramirez. Jnan, iv, 35 Ramirez, Pedro, attornev for Bishop Diego, iv. 3i3-2<;4. 22i."l, 224. 2-14-247. 255 :-at;tosTarh. iv, 2;4 Ramos de Lora. Fr. Jnan de. ii, r* Rancheria, meaning, ii, 229 Rancheria de la Concepdon, ii,' 3S:— de la Pasion, 193;-de los Rios^ 680 Rancho XacionaL San Pedro. or Salinas, or del Rev. iii, 59. 154. 285. 554 Rinchf del Refugio sacked, iii 59:-rneJit-, 60, 646 Rancho de San Bernardo, iv, 3;:*9:^ei Ojito. 727:-de San rrancisco. 1-S:— de San Lois, ii. -^yC':— de San Matec. iv. 154:— de San Simeon. 151 Ranches, some, eana! to whole Missions. iiL 191-192. 3S-0. 64:- 646, see Andres and Piq Pico Randolph, Edmnnd. on Indian property, iv, 377 Rations nteagre for expedition, ii. 53. 59 Rations for missionaries, ii. 124;-estimated cost. 2&.::- donble. granted, 124, 27"2-2Sr. 282, 297:— object of. ibidem;— paid rrom Pions Fund. 124, 279. 284. 291:-N'eve begmdges same, 28'i>-294 :-Fr. Serra"s ex- I02 Index haustive statement, 288;- ment., 372 Rat plague at San Gabriel and San Diego, ii, 182 Reading, writing, and singing at Missions, ii, 273 Reading infidel productions, ef- fects of, iii, 543-544 ;-iv, 775- 791, 794-799 Read Ranch, iv, 178 Real, equivalent in English, ii, 124, 528 Real, Fr. Antonio Suarez del, arrives, iii, 442;-assigned to Santa Cruz, 4S2;-iv, reports from, 261;-appeals to Fr. Quijas, 297-298;-at Monterey, 391 ;-complaint to ayuntami- ento, 292-293 ;-favors arancel, 401 ;-retires, 410;-farevrell to Pico, 411;-ment., 187, 237, 294, 400, 806;-autograph, iv, 393 Real, Fr. Jose Suarez del, ar- rives, iii, 442;-at San Carlos, S34;-assists dying Gov. Fig- ueroa, 599;-iv, on Graham's plan, 128;-vyelcomes Bishop at Monterey, 264;-arraigns territorial government, 358- 359 ;-protest to Pico's charges, 358-361 ;-on two irregular marriages, 415;-transferred to Santa Clara, 391, 394;-aided by Gov. Mason, 583-587 ;-pro- tests Burton's action, 597, S99;-incurs paisano wrath, 588;-last Franciscan at Santa Clara, 691;-ment., 237, 416, 422, 423. 515. 685, 723, 724, 748, 749, 752-754;-autograph, iv, 361 Real del Alamo, ii, 41;- de las Viboras, 38 Real motive of carping critics, ii, 263;-for hostility to friars, iii, 239 Real object of legislation hos- tile to Missions, iii, 521 Reaping what was sown, iv, 648, 713-714 Reasons for confiscation of Missions, see Greed, Pio Pico;-for confiscating last two, iv, 93-96;-for Echean- dla's haste against Missions, iii, 3Sl-3S2;-why friars sub- mitted to freebooters, iv, 92- 93;-w;hy some friars were not exiled, iii, 273;-why friars wanted relief from Mission temporalities, iii, 553, 556- S57;-for franking privilege, see Postage, Mail;-why Fr. Sarria and others refused oath, iii, 217-218 ;-f or return- ing runaway neophytes, iv, 310, see Runaways Rebaptism by mistake, ii, 554 Rebellion at Purisima, Santa Ines, Santa Barbara, iii, 194- 206 Rebuelta, Fr. Lorenzo, procur- ator, ii, 579, 610 Receipt for pew-rent paid by President Andrew Jackson, fac simile, iv, 792 Reception to Bishop Alemany at San Francisco, iv, 682;-to Bishop Diego at Santa Bar- bara, 230-234;-at Monterey, 263-264 Recommendations of Fr. Gar- cia Diego to Mexican Gov- ernment, iv, 72 Recopilacion quoted, ii, 517, 518;-iii, 136 Record, official, of Portola's march, ii, 57-58 ;-of founding of Mission and presidio at Monterey, ii, 76-78 ;-of found- ing of college and seminary at Santa Ines, iv, 263;-of founding of novitiate at San- ta Barbara, 702-703 Records, Registers etc., pre- scribed for Missions, ii, 627 Reddan, Sister Mary de Sales, iv, 714 Redman, J. W., in Land Case No. 412, iv, 759-767 Redskins crowded to wall, iv, 652 Reductions, Missions, Conver- sions, etc., iii, 103;-iv, 301 Redwood trees first observed, ii, 46 Reform Bando in Mexico, iii, 93 Reform Law, so-called, promul- gated, iii, 99 Reform, so-called, begins early, iii, 175 Reform needed was to let mis- sionaries alone, iii, 503 Index 103 Refuge, Our Lady of, celebra- tion, iv, 259, 421 Refugio, Nuestra Senora del, Patroness of California dio- cese, iv, 259-261 Refugio, Rancho del, see Ran- cho Refusal of viceroy reversed, ii, 611 Refuse to volunteer for Cali- fornia, friars justly, ii, 376- 381 Regard for truth lacking in some historians, ii, 274 Regency in Mexico, iii, 108;- sends commissioner to Cali- fornia, 151 Regidores and alcaldes, ii, 336- 337, see Alcaldes Register of Confirmation by Fr. Serra, ii, 299 Reglamento, a kindly, ii, 121- 125, 279-280 Reglamento of Neve on Mis- sions, ii, 330-335, 371, 381;- repealed, 427 Reglamento of Neve on mili- tary cause of confusion, ii, 431 Reglamento of Fr. Duran con- cerning restored Missions, iv, 278-279 ;-another proposed by same, 431-432 Reglamento Provisional of Fig- ueroa, iii, 523-530, 546, 547, 594-S9S;-iv, 112, 137;-of Al- varado, iv, 142-145 ;-another, 163-169, 217;-of Pico for sale of Missions, 445-450 Reglamento of Pico and Fr. Duran, iv, 443 Regular Observance term for branch of Franciscan Order, ii, 605 Regulations of Fr. Guardian Gasol, ii, 626-630;-of Fr. Pan- gua, 631-632 Regulations for Missions of Fr. Mezquia, ii, 246, see Routine Regulations of Gov. Sola for soldiers, iii, 39-40 Reid, Hugo P.. purchases Mis- sion San Gabriel, iv, 508;- ment., 725 Reid, William, purchases Mis- sion San Miguel, iv, 508 Rejoicing over discovery of Monterey Bay, ii, 79;-of fri- ars at relief from temporali- ties, iii, 551-552 Relations, Jesuit, or Cartas Edifiicantes, ii, 458 Relations of missionaries to neophytes, ii, 265-266 ;-iii, 339- 340, see Riehts of Mission- aries, In Loco Parentis Relics of St. Vibiana at Santa Barbara, iv, 717 Religion, Christian, why sav- ages abhor it, iii, 435-436;- claimed to be chief object of California conquest, ii, 5, 9, 10, 281, 655;-not chief object, ii, 5, 118, 655, 658, 660;-con- quers savage nature iv, 536- 537;-and education according to Borica, ii, 475;-chief part of education, according to Micheltorena, iv, 333;-not guide of California legisla- tors, iii, 187;-iv, 56, 286, 492- 493, 606. 608:-preservation of, always first article in Chris- tian pronunciamentos, iii, 515; -preserving peace in Cali- fornia, iv, 113 ;-representa- tives of, poorly compensated, ii, 281, see Missionaries, Neve, Fages;-of savages, ii, 236-238 ;-in schools, see Bo- rica, Micheltorena, Schools ;- among settlers, iii, 316-318, 611-616;-support of, duty, iii, 580-581;-iv, 791-792;-so ac- knowledged by President An- drew Jackson, 792-793 ;-rights of, respected when U. S. flag was raised, iv, 506, 554, 630 Religious, Catholic, naturally loyal to secular government, ii, 284-285 Religious convictions versus hazy notions, iv, 413 Religious freedom in Mexico, iii, _565;-iv, 281, 699, 794-799 Religious habit alone not proof against fall, iii, 575 Religious Orders in Mexico, laws against, iii, 97, -516-517;- iv, 419;-why hated, iii, 616- 620;-iv, 699 Religious of San Juan de Dios and others, iii, 93 Remarkable scene, ii, 401-402 I04 Index Remarks uncalled for from De Croix, ii, 294 Remarks, explanatory, on pai- sanos, iv, 167 Remedies, The, or La Favo- rita, ii, 321, 370, 39S Reniedios, Nuestra Sefiora dc los, image of, ii, 322 Remedies, Puerto de Nuestra Seiiora de los, ii, 159 Remnants of Missions restored to friars and Indians, iv, 272- 277, 339 Removal of friars from man- agement, real motive for, iii, 498 Removal of Mission San Car- los, ii, 87;-of Mission San Diego, 133 Renegade Indians dangerous, iv, 310, see Runaways Rengdl, Jos6 Antonio, general, succeeds Neve as command- ante general, ii, 40S-406;-or- ders founding of Mission Santa Barbara, iii, 433;-ment., 420, 431;-autograph, ii, 406 Renting Missions, decree on, iv, 373-375 Rent from leased Missions, iv, 465, 467;-insignificant, 505;- ment., 461-462, 468-469, 495, 496 Repairs at Missions, why not made, iii, 241, 554, 556, 559- 560 Repeal of secularization decree by Mexican Congress, iv, 6 Reply to Neve exhaustive, ii, 281-284 Report, first general, on Mis- sions, ii, 126;-first prescribed annual, 138;-first after re- quired formula, 445-446 ;-first biennial, 447-448 ;-first on an- nual Communion, 632;-on state of Missions in 1843, iv, 322-324;-of Fathers on Ri- vera, ii, 186-188;-of Fages on neophytes, 431;-of Sola on missionary methods, iii, 48- 51;-of Figueroa on Indians, 496-500 ;-of Fr. Garcia Diego on situation in California, iv, 69-72, 187-189 ;-of Fr. Riibio on conditions in diocese, 214- 219, see Fr. Duranj-of U. S. Com. Ind. Affairs on educa- tion, ii, 267-270 ;-of U. S, Sec- retary of Interior on Indian education, ii, 271;-on Ban- dini's mission plan in as- sembly, iv, 499-501 ;-to last assembly on Missions, 566- 567;-of Indian Agent Henley, 655-657 ;-of U. S. Agent Carey Jones on Mission property and Indian rights, 729-731 Reports demanded on Missions by viceroy, ii, 121;-annual, requested. 137;-biennial, or- dered, 446:-on annual Con- fession and Communion pro- scribed, 627-628 ;-on sindicos requested, iii, 208-209 ;-de- tailed, demanded by Echcan- dia's assembly, 241 Reports, tabuhir, biennial for 1809-1810, facsimile, insert, iii, 72;-annual for 1821, fac- simile, insert, on Spiritual State of Missions, iii, 172;- annual for 1820 on Spiritual and Temporal State of Mis- sions, facsimile, insert, end of vol. iii;-summary, on spir- itual results of missionary eflforts to year 1846, iv, 529;- on livestock of Missions, summary, iv, 531 ;-on agricul- tural products of Missions from 1783 to 1832, summary, iv, S35;-on state of the Mi.s- sions, December 31, 1832, iii, 653 Representaci6n of Fr. Serra, ii, 109-115;-of Pages, 416-417; -of FF. S6nan and Salaz4r, Sll-516;-of Bishop Diego, iv, 407-410 Represented in the assembly, how Missions were, in 1824, iii, 185 Reprints of diaries of FF. Crespi and Pefla, ii, 153 Republican form of government and the Catholic Church, iv, 81 Republicanism in Mexico, iii, 268, 570;-iv, 795-799 Reputation of ecclesiastics sul- lied by vile romancers, iv, 806-812 Index 105 Requena, Manuel, iv, 124, 247, 472, 725 Requiem Mass for Juan Perez, ii, 166;-for Fr. Jaume, 170;- on board the Santiago, 151;- for soldiers killed for inde- pendence of Mexico, iii, 149 Requisites for Missions, ii, 372- 381, 433;-for successful colon- ization, 514-515 Reservations, U. S. Indian, iv, 112, 437, 654-657 Reserved Cases, ii, 608;-iv, 238, 300 Residence of Bishop Alemany at Monterey, iv, 684-685 Resignation of FF. Jimeno and Sanchez from seminary, iv, 625 Resolution of first Ecclesias- tical Synod on Mission prop- erty, iv, 732 Resolution of Pico's assembly on Micheltorena, iv, 328 Resources of territorial gov- ernment, ii, 123-124;-of mis- sionaries, see Stipends Respect for Vestal Virgins in pagan Rome, iv, 799 Respect for secular authority on part of friars, iv, 354, 385- 386 Respectful tone of friars' let- ters, iii, 242 Respuesta of Fr. Lasuen, ii, 552-581 ;-of Fr. Tapis, 551- 580;-of Fr. Duran, iii, 488-495 Restitution of Mission prop- erty obligatory, iv, 107, 347, 351 Restoration decree of Michel- torena too late, iv, 274 Results of appointing alcaldes prematurely, ii, 340-344;-of ill-advised system of educa- tion, 33, 266-272 ;-of Mission System, iii, 551, 653;-iv, 527- 537, see Mission System ;-of Mexico-paisano greed, 119- 120, 185;-of so-called secu- larization, iii, 535-538, see Secularization Retiring missionaries, license for, needed from Superiors only, ii, 423 Retribution, iii, 598;-iv, 49, 111, 470, 541, S4S-S46 Retreat, or Spiritual Exercises and places for, ii, 630;-Fr. Serra's last, 400;-emphasized by Fr. Sarria, iii, 4, 44;-of priests in Archdiocese of San Francisco, iv, 713 Retreat or flight of Pico and Castro, iv, 548, 556 Reuss, Francis X., error about Bishop Diego, iv, 202;-ment., 190, 711 Revenge of paisano chiefs, iii, 409-410;-iv, 273, 325, 334. Revenge of missionary priest, iii, 293-294 Revenues of the missionaries, ii, 460-462, see Stipends ;-of territorial government, iii, 133-134, 169, 185-186 ;-from customhouse, iv, 84, 135;- cause of dissensions, 126-127; -from Missions belong to neophytes, iv, 377, see Indian Property;-from Pious Fund, iv, 241-242, see Pious Fund Revere, Joseph W., iv, 554-555 Reverence for priest on part of neophytes, iii, 200 Revilla, Cristobal, ii, 202 Revilla Gigedo, Don Juan Vi- cente de Guemes Pacheco de Padilla, Conde de, friend of Missions, ii, 452 ;-Inf orme, 324, 471 ;-sends expeditions north, 441 ;-to Fr. Noriega, 452-453 ;-directs Fr. Lasuen to start Missions, 4S3;-an- nounces war with France, 464-465;-disastrous interfer- ence in College affairs, 479- 483 ;- disapproves one friar living alone, 515;-sends me- chanics, 535-536;-on travelling expenses, 544-545 ;-ment., 455- 456, 511, 537, 649;-autograph, ii, 464 Revolutions not favored by Catholic Church, ii, 604;-iii, 218;-iv, 282 Revolt, Indian, at San Diego, ii, 169-170, 177, 186, 210;-at San Luis Obispo, 209;-ru- mored at San Antonio, 165;- at Furisima, Santa Barbara, Santa Ines, iii, 194-211 ;-cause of, 19S;-iv, 306 Revolt of Hidalgo in Mexico, io6 Index ii, 648-651 ;-consequences, iii, 16-20 ;-against Gov. Victoria, 362-365 ;-against Chico, iv, 38; -against Gutierrez, 50-52, 54; -against Micheltorena, iv, 325, 424 Revolt at Santa Barbara to prevent exile of Fr. Duran, iv, 36-38 ;-to prevent depar- ture of Fr. Riibio, 712;-of Mexicans at Los Angeles, 70; -against Gillespie, 564 Revolters, to Liberal, generally, churches are not sacred, iii, 110;-iv, 795-799 Revolts, Indian, general but for the missionaries, iv, 537 Rewards for service in Mis- sions proposed, ii, 449-450 Reyes, Fr. Antonio de los, ap- pointed Bishop of Sonora, ii, 371, 391-392 ;-plans to organ- ize custody in California, 392- 393 Reyes, Point, ii, 50, see Point Reyes Reyes Rancho, ii, 491, 496 Rezanoflf, N. P. de, ii, 634-635 Rich harvest for administra- tors, iii, 535 Richardson, William, iv, 638 Rico, Rev. Juan, S. J., iii, 43 Ridiculous charge from Michel- torena, iv, 420-422 ;-from Val- lejo, m-n9 Ridiculous legislation, iii, 323- 325 Riesco y Puente, Miguel, iii, 97 Right of Sanctuary and Rivera, ii, 186-187 ;-laws on, 668-670 Rights of Indians upheld by missionaries, ii, 346-347, 517- 519;-iii, 643-644 Rights of Indians to their land, iii, 638-639, 646;-iv, 26-27, see Fr. Duran; -under Spanish law, iv, 730-731 ;-def ended by Catholic clergy, 745 Rights of man slogan and fool- ish notions about, iii, 107, 437 Rights of missionaries, ii, 104- 105, 117, 119-120, 133, 442- 443;-disputed by Pages, 104- 105 Rights of Religion disregarded, iv, 506, see Church property Rignano. Fr. Antonio de. Dele- gate General, iv, 700-701 Riley, Bennett, succeeds Mason as Governor, iv, 604, 646;- reply to Fr. Riibio's petition, 604-605 ;-reply to Fr. Riibio on Brignole, 617;-calls for elections, 658-659 ;-Thanks- giving Proclamation, 661-662; -ment., 606, 728, 817 Rincon, or Nuestra Senora del Pilar, ii, 128 Rinconada de San Diego, ii, 27 Ringleaders of revolt captured, ii, 209-210 Rio Barrabas, or Rosario, (L. C), ii, 598;-Calaveras, 681;- Carmelo, 41, 72-74, 81, 93, 163, 165, 662;-Colorado, 125, 134- 137, 173-176, 189, 191-193, 196, 199-200, 219, 350-357, 366, 378, 434, 522, 586;-iii, 31, 33, 35, 37, 333, 437, 609;-iv, 570, 629; -Gila, ii, 139, 350-352 ;-iv, 629; -Grande, iv, 629;-Guadalupe, ii, 181, 216, 222;-Kings, or de los Reyes, ii, 623, 682;-Mer- ced, ii, 625, 681;-Mohave, or de los Martires, ii, 194, 199;- Monterey or Salinas, 94, 178, 184-185, 203, 452;-Nacimien- to, 185, 491;-Pajaro, 46, 492; iii, 646;-de la Pasidn, ii, 681, 682;-Porciuncula, 32, 60, 366; -Principio, 15S-lS6;-de los Reyes at Nootka Sound, 441;- de los Reyes, or Kings River, 623, 682;-del Rosario (L. C), see Barrabas ;-Russian, or San Ignacio, iii, lS5;-Salinas, ii, 41, 54, 141, 184, 203, 452;- iv, 478, 568, see Monterey;- de los Temblores, or Nombre de Jesus, ii, 30, 60, 90, 91;- Tuolumne, or Nuestra Seti- ora de los Dolores, ii, 681;- Sacramento, or Jesus Maria, ii, 625;-iii, 27, 146;-iv, 315, 327, 414, 416, 581, 593, 611, 6S2;-San Antonio, ii, 88, 185; -San Bernardo, ii, 38;-iv, 571, 574;-San Benito, ii, 94, 95,^ 99, 492, 493, 495;-San El- zeario, or Salinas, ii, 41, 94, 206;-San Estanislao (Stanis- laus), iv, 313;-San Felipe, ii, 198;-San Francisco, ii, 98, Index 107 164, 182, 21s, 622, 625-626, 681;-iii, 27;-iv, 424, 576, 611, 6S2;-San Francisco de Paula, ii, 99;-San Gabriel, ii, 177, 682;-iii, 23;-iv, S78;-San Joa- quin, ii, 98, 207, 624-625, 681, 682;-iii, 23, 27, iv, 315;-San Lorenzo, it, 48, 144, 516;-San Miguel, (San Gabriel), ii, 682;-San Pedro (Tulares) ii, 623, 682;-de Santiago (Posa Creek), ii, 199;-San Stanis- laus (Guadalupe), ii, 681;- Slavianska, ii, 634;-Tulare, ii, 623;-Walker, ii, 199;-White, ii, 198;-Santa Ana, ii, 29, 38, 46, 60, 90, 136, 144, 177, 195, 667, 681;-Santa Clara, ii, 33, 59, 491;-Santa Cruz (White), ii, 199;-Santa Delfina (Sa- linas), 94, 141, 203;-Santa Ines, ii, 38, 435, 595, 601;-iii, 16;-Santa Margarita, ii, 178, 185;-Santa Maria, ii, 38;- Santa Rosa (San Bernardo), ii, 38, 595;-Santisimo Nombre de Jesus de los Temblores, ii, 30, 60;-see also Arroyo Rio Colorado Mission pueblos, ii, 434;-disaster, 522;-lesson, 586 Rioboo, Fr. Juan Garcia, chap- lain on Princesa, ii, 321;- destined for California, 375;- arrives, 395-396 ;-accompanies Fr. Serra to San Diego, 398 Riordan, Rev. J. W., S. J., iv, 619 Rios, Petronillo, purchases San Miguel, iv, 508 Ripalda's Catechism, iii, 613, 617 Ripoll, Fr. Antonio, arrives, iii, l6;-at Santa Barbara, 91; -tries to save rebelling neo- phytes, 197-206 ;-refuses oath, 244;-flight of, 257, 277;-ment., 246, 295, 407;-autograph, Hi, 206 Rita, Indian, iv, 452 Rivalries between Mexicans and paisanos, iv, 417-419;- among paisano chiefs, 477- 494 Rivera y Moncada, Capt. Fer- nando, leads first land ex- pedition to San Diego, ii, 14, 16;-with Portola expedition, 22, 23, 24, 41, 54, 56;-des- patched after provisions, 61, 62;-appointed military com- mander of Upper California, 125, 132, 139;-his instructions, 132-133;-reaches Monterey, 133;-ordered to survey San Francisco Bay, 140;-expedi- tion to San Francisco Port, 141-143;-to establish Mission there, 161-164 ;-consults Fr. Serra, 168;-revolt at San Di- ego, 169;-with Anza, 171-172, 177;-haughty order, 179;-dif- ferences with Anza, 180-185, 188-189;-thought crazy, 184, 188, 196;-cause of animosity to friars, 183, 21S;-violates sanctuary, excommunicated, 185-187, 668;-spiteful, 201-202, 210-212;-at San Francisco, 209;-ordered to release In- dians and to let rebuilding proceed, 213-214;-to aid Mis- sions, 217;-appointed lieuten- ant-governor of Lower Cali- fornia, 218, 365;-kiIled by Yu- mas, 354, 366;-sketch, 354;- ment., 167, 203-208, 280, 290, 335, 347, 371, 415;-iii, 232, 640-643, 645;-iv, 816;-auto- graph, vol. i, 478 Rivera, Francisco, iv, 269 Road from New Mexico to Monterey, ii, 125;-Sonora to Monterey, 125, 134, 173 Roadstead of San Francisco, ii, 165;-Bucareli, 157 Rob Roy's rule, iv, 728 Robespierre, iv, 359 Robbery, wholesale, iv, 289, 298 Robbins, John, iv, 234 Robinson, Alfred, on California soldiers and colonists, iii, 131-132; on Padres, 346-347;- on Victoria, 354;-on Echean- dia, 416, 471-472 ;-on Figuer- oa's death, 601;-in error, 604; -ment., 570, 573, 601;-iv, on Micheltorena's soldiers, 270;- on Mission garden fruits, S34;-on reception of Bishop Diego, 228-232;-on patience of Indians, 306;-ment., 84, 94. 234, 319 io8 Index Roblar, El, near Santa Clara, ii, 387 R6bles, Juan Jose, ii, 354, 366 Robles del Puerto de San Francisco, Los, ii, 95 Robles, Los, site of Mission San Antonio, ii, 71 Roca, Pedro, ii, 465 Rocha, Juan Jose, iii, 251, 301, 362, 484;-iv, 66 Rodeo or round-up of cattle, ii, 262;-iv, 361 Rodriguez, Blessed Alfonso, iii, 43 Rodriguez, Fr. Antonio, at Purisima, iii, 196;-intercedes for rebel Indians, 203;-assists Indians being executed, 204;- autograph, 203 Rodriguez, Fr. Gabriel, dis- creto, iv, 722 Rodriguez, Jacinto, iv, 60 Rodriguez, Jose, teacher, ii, 474 Rodriguez de San Miguel, Juan, Bishop Diego's attorney, iv, 245, 255, 256, 402-405 Rodriguez, Sebastian, iii, 351 Rogation Days, ii, 627 Roldan (Rowland), grantee of La Puente land grant, iv, 788 Roman Catholic Orphan Asy- lum, San Francisco, founded, iv, 799 Roman Inquisition, iii, 625 Romance, unchristian, iv, 810;- criminal, 808 Romancers depict their own mind and heart, iv, 808 Romani, Fr. Paulino, O. F. M., iv, 616, 617, 686 Romans, Greeks, Egyptians and education, ii, 244 Rome, Fr. Guzman visits, iii, 465;-ment.,iv, 190-192, 200, 201, 223, 664-668, 671, 684, 701-702, 714, 716, 717, 720, 731 Rome's pagans venerated Ves- tal Virgins, iv, 799 Romero, Jose, killed along with Fr. Jaume, ii, 169 Romero, Jose, soldier, iii, 572 Romero, Jose Antonio, Minis- ter of Interior, iv. 190 Romero, Jose M., opens school at Monterey, iv, 93-94 Romeu, Jose Antonio, defeats Yumas, ii, 356 ;-appointed governor, 4S5;-arrives„ 456;- death of, 4S6;-ment., 431, 453, 454, 457;-autograph, vol. i, 520 Romeu, Doiia Josefa, wife of Jose Antonio, ii, 456 Ronda de cabrones, iv, 139 Roo, Andres Quintana, iii, 516 Roosevelt, President Theodore, advocates flogging in cases, ii, 276 Rosa, The, iii, 511;-iv, 84 Rosa, Luis de la, iv, 403 Rosales, Rev. Jose Maria, ar- rives with Bishop Diego, iv, 227 ;-receives Minor Orders, 228;-ordained priest, iv, 258;- curate of San Buenaventura, 2S8, 295, 418, 461;-at San Juan Capistrano, 685;-ment., 227, 228, 282, 323, 516 Rosalinda (Rosalind) The, brings Bishop Diego to San Diego, iv, 224, 226, 246 Rosario de Beato Serafin, camp, ii, 48 Rosario, Juan_ Suarez, iv, 733 Rosario Mission, Lower Cali- fornia, ii, 456 Rosario, Sinaloa, ii, 365, 592 Ros4rio, The, ii, 321 Rosary recited on march, ii, 141, 175;-iii, 147;-on board ship, ^ ii, 147, 151;-by Fr. Garces in savage camps, ii, 192;-at Missions, 256, 627;- iii, 263 Rosary Sunday, ii, 323;-iv, 421 Rosas, Jose, iv, 152 Round Valley Indian Reserva- tion, iv, 653-654 Rouset, Rt. Rev. Francisco, Bishop of Sonora, ii, 541, 607-608, 641, 643;-death of, 644;-iii, 46, 278:-autograph, vol. i, 567 Rouset, Jose Dario, ii, 643 Rousseau, Jean Jacques, iii, 544; -iv, 267, m, 779, 781, 782 Route of Portola, ii, 663-666;- of Anza and Fr. Garcds, ii, 666-667 ;-of Fr. Zalvidea, 679- 680;-of Fr. Muiioz, 681-682;- of Moraga, 203 Routine, daily, at Missions, ii. Index 109 253-254, 448-449, 559, see Mis- sion System Rowen, Captain of the Cali- fornia, iv, 134 Rowland, see Roldan Royal Audiencia, Mexico, ii, 298 Royal patronage, ii, 463, 670- 674, see Patronato Royal revenues in California, ii, 591-592 Royal treasury supplied no money for Missions, ii, 11 Rubbish, historical, ii, 251-252;- iii, 485, see Hittell, Bancroft, also "Yarns" Rubi, Fr. Mariano, arrives, ii, 453;-assigned to Soledad, 454; -proves unfit, 479-486 ;-in Mexico, 487 Rubidoux Mount, ii, 667 Riibio, Fr. Jose Maria Gon- zalez, arrives, iii, 442;-as- signed to Mission San Jose, 452, iv, S22;-on complaints of Vallejo, iii, 460;-ment., 268;-iv, congratulates Val- lejo, 76;-presidente, 80, 189, 214;-reports situation in 1840, 214-219, 221;-vicario for north, 120-122 ;-at Alvarado's marriage, 125;-on Alvarado's reglamento, 169-170 ;-vice- comisario, 214;-confirms as such, 189, 663;-secretary to Bishop Diego, 238;-accom- panies Bishop, 2S8-259;-takes oath on Mexican Constitu- tion, 282;-declines to join politicians, 489-490 ;-on death of Fr. Duran, 524-525 ;-vicar- general, 515, 684, 718;-admin- istrator of diocese, 521, 693- 694, 711;-grants faculties to Rev. McNamara and other priests, 549, 613, 615, 616, 625, 627, 628;-authorizes first church in San Francisco for immigrants, 615 ;-suppIies means to foreign priests, 622- 624;-circular on marriage, 602-603 ;-thanks FF. Jimeno and Sanchez, 625-626;— invites Jesuits, 627, 677-680;-corre- spondence with Governors Mason and Riley, 599-601, 604, 617, 662-663 ;-circular on Riley's Thanksgiving Procla- mation, 663;-on marriage paragraph in California Con- stitution, 660 ;-nominated Bishop for Lower California, 664, 670, 672-674;-declines definitely, 675 ; -welcomes Bishop Alemany, 683;-per- mitted to remain, then re- called to Mexico, 697-698, 71 1-712 ;-detached from Guad- alupe, 713;-at first synod, 692; -proposes to recover Church lands, 734;-ment., 120, 234, 263, 266, 273, 278, 279, 296, 299-301, 312, 426, 427, 484, 512, 519, 604, 618, 666, 668, 682, 685, 691, 702-707, 716, 719, 720, 734, 816;-autograph, iv, 122 Ruffians at work, iv, 423-427 Rufus confesses manufacturing vile story, iv, 806 Ruin of Missions due to Pico and confederates, iv, 320, 444 Ruin of Religion, ruin of na- tions, iv, 172 Ruiz, Fr. Francisco, vicario, ii, 626 Riiiz, Francisco Maria, iii, 148 Ruiz, Maria del Amparo, iv, 603 Rule of San Fernando College, ii, 283;-Rule of St. Francis, 626-629 ;-of human society, 265;-of friars in Missions, gentle, iii, 351;-of plunder under Alvarado, iv, 131-135 Rump legislature's proclama- tion, iv, 54-55 Runaway Indians, their rea- sons, ii, 508, 640; -why brought back, 499-508, 640;- ment., 359, 361, 393-394, 556, 618, 625, 626, 636;-iii, ex- cuses, 81-82 ;-reasons for re- turning riinaway neophytes, 33-39 ;-iv, 310, 452 Rurik, The, iii, 82 Ruse of neophyte, ii, 214;- feminine, iii, 293-294 Russell, Sister Mary Baptist, iv, 714 Russia, iii, 82 Russian-American Fur Com- pany, ii, 634 Russian efforts, ii, 3, 6;-cause no Index of Spanish activity, 3, 655;- ment., 437, 634-635, 641, 651;- trade, iii, 21 Russian colony visited, iii, 154- 156, 357-358 ;-ment., 82, 135, 146 Russian Calendar, ii, 634 Russian River, iii, 155 Russian settler at Santa Cruz, iv, 297 Ruyuta, near San Rafael, iii, 146 Saavedra, Ramon A., ii, 442 Saca, rancheria, ii, 679 Sacerdotis, In verbo, tacto pec- tore, ii, 309, 462 Sacramento, city, cholera at, iv, 696;-ment., 565, 628, 686 Sacramento diocese, iv, 715 Sacramento River see Rio Sacramento Valley, iii, 146;-iv, 130, 314, 322, 478, 555 Sacred Congregation of the Propagation of the Faith, iv, 668 Sacred property, see Church property Sacrilegious acts, ii, 187;-iii, 287-288 ;-iv, 423-426 Sacrosanctae at close of Divine Office, ii, 388 Sad case of fugitive Indian, iv, 156-157 Sad havoc in Missions, iii, 190- 193;-iv, 450-454 Saddest period in Mission his- tory, iii, 316;-iv, 110 Sailors help rebuild Mission San Diego, ii, 211 St. Agatha would use no medi- cines, ii, 397 St. Augustine in Divine Office, ii, 340 St. Bernard, quoted, iii, 5 St. Catherine of Sienna, school in her honor, iv, 688 St. Charles Borromeo, ii, 78, 89; -iv, 520 St. Dominic, founder of Do- minicans, iv, 700, 709 St. Dominic and St. Francis with Dominicans and Fran- ciscans, iv, 708 St. Francis of Assisi, ii, 283, 333, 361;-iii, 4, 7;-iv, 700;-on horseback riding, iii, 88;- his promise, iii, 102;-pro- nounces his vows, ii, 68;- regulations for missionaries, ii, 475-476 ;-his Rule, 628;- secondary patron saint of California diocese, iv, 260;- his Stigmata, ii, 39-40 St. Francis Church, San Fran- cisco, see Rev. Brouillet;-or- dinations at, iv, 696 St. Francis de Sales, secondary patron of California diocese, iv, 260 St. Francis Solanus, practise of, ii, 396 St. James (Santiago), Apostle, ii, 29, 322 St. John, the Baptist, iv, 393, 429 St. Joseph, Patron of early California expeditions, ii, 6- 7, 10, 24, 40, 60, 78;-memor- able day of, 62, 64, 65 St. Marcella, iii, 220 St. Martha, iii, 220 St. Mary Magdalen, iii, 220 St. Maximin, iii, 220 St. Michael, Archangel, privi- leged feast, ii, 223 St. Patrick's Church, San Fran- cisco, iv, 715 St. Paul, the Apostle, ii, 604;- iii, 42;-iv, 409, 520, 602 St. Petersburg, Russia, ii, 634 St. Philip, the Deacon, iii, 103 St. Raphael, Archangel, ii, 68 St. Rose Church, Sacramento, iv, 628 St. Thomas Aquinas Seminary, San Francisco, iv, 715, 716 St. Vibiana, her relics at Santa Barbara, iv, 717 St. Vincent de Paul, iv, 409;- College at Los Angeles, 719 Saints, patrons for Missions assigned by viceroy, ii, 494 Sainz de Liicio, Fr. Juan, re- tires, iii, 47 Sajopin, or San Jose Valley, ii, 490 Sal, Hermenegildo, ii, 202, 408, 410, 451, 492-493 ;-iii, 641, 643 Sala, or reception room, ii, 255 Salaries, first object of covetous schemers, iii, 393-394, 476 Index III Salary of governor, ii, 123, 466; -of Pages, 430;-of military- officials, 122-123 ;-of teachers, 473-474;-as fixed by assem- bly, iii, 185;-iv, 390;-of may- ordomos, 164;-charged to Missions, 110;-of Bishop un- paid, 240;-as assigned to fri- ars regarded an alms, iii, S45;-paid with cattle, 583, see Stipends Salazar, Fr. Isidro Alonzo, at founding of Mission Santa Cruz, ii, 4S4;-returned to Mexico, Sll;-his Representa- cion, 511-516 Sale of Missions proposed, iv, 286-287; 347-348 ;-Fr. Duran protests, 289-290 ;-urged by Pio Pico, 366-367 ;-Fr. Du- ran's reply, 369-372;-laid be- fore assembly, 433;-Pico de- termined on sale, 442-443;-Fr. Duran refuses assistance, 443; -proposed by Juan Bandini, 497-499;-committee disap- proves plan, 499-501 ;-sale re- solved against orders from Mexican Government, 455, 501-502;-first Mission sold, 4S8;-sales annulled by Flores assembly, 566, 769-770 ;-de- clared null by U. S. Court, 767-771 Salgado, Jose Hermenegildo, iv, 707 Salgado, Juan, iv, 151 Salgado, Fr. Juan Maria, O. P., Lovifer California, ii, 501 Salia, Rt. Rev. Jose Salvador, of Sonora, iii, 251 Salinas, Rancho de, iii, 59, 154, see Rancho Nacional, del Rey, de San Pedro Salinas River, see Rio Salinas Salinas Valley, iv, 327 Salmon, Ale jo, iv, 263 Salmon Creek, iii, 155 Saltviforks of San Bias, ii, 124 Salud, La, camp, ii, 48 Salvador, Antonio, ii, 151 Salvador, Ignacio, ii, 176 Salvadierra, Fr., in "Ramona," iv, 674 Salvatierra, Rev. Juan Maria, S. J., ii, 134;-iv, 814 Salve Regina, ii, 175, 559, 627 Sample title deed of Mission sold, iv, 509-511 San Agustin, The, ii, 661 San Alejo, spring, ii, 27, 663 San Andres College, ii, 656 San Andres y San Raimundo, ii, 52 San Antonio, Alameda Co., iii, 646 San Antonio land grant, iii, 646 San Antonio Mission, see Mis- sion San Antonio de Pala, iii, 143;- iv, 107, see Pala San Antonio, Lower California, iv, 238, 515 San Antonio, Texas, ii, 246 San Antonio, The, (El Principe) ii, 4, 8, 10, 11, 16, 17, 64-66, 71-74, 77-84, 86, 87, 89, 102-104, 110, 127, 131, 139, 146, 161, 166, 201, 210, 211, 216, 219, 320, 325, 660 San Apolinario, ii, 29 San Bartolome, ii, 300 San Beltran, arroyo, ii, 48 San Benito River, see Rio, Ar- royo San Benvenuto, or Osito, ii, 39 San Benvenuto, arroyo, ii, 95 San Bernabe Bay, ii, 9-11 San Bernabe, Canada de, ii, 185 San Bernardino, iii, 144, 145;-iv, 107, 310 San Bernardino Mountains, ii, 195, 666 San Bernardino Valley (Santa Clara), ii, 95, 492-493 San Bernardo River, ii, 38 San Bernardo Rancho, iv, 309 San Bias, Port of, Galvez at, ii, 4;-mosquitoes at, 97;-Fr. Ser- ra at, 108;-saved by Fr. Serra, 109-110, 115-116, 121;-allow- ance for, 122;-saltworks, 124; -ment., 16, 86, 112, 126, 133, 139, 153, 155, 160-163, 166, 202, 214, 216, 219, 220, 274, 320-326, 371, 374, 376, 382, 393, 404, 417, 422, 437, 438, 441, 453, 528, 538, 544-547, 576, 591, 636, 659;-iii, 16, 17, 72, 84, 333, 359, 414, 442, 443, S57, 606, 647;-iv, 224, 226, 228, 321, 330 San Bruno Hills, ii, 52, 53 San Buenaventura Mission, see Mission San Buenaventura 112 Index San Carlo Church, Rome, iv, 667 San Carlos Custody, ii, 392 San Carlos, Indian gambler at, ii, 566 San Carlos Island, ii, 159 San Carlos Mission, see Mis- sion San Carlos Pass, (Puerto de), ii, 136, 176, 666-667 San Carlos, The, supply ship, blessed by Fr. Serra, ii, 8;- sails for north, 10;-arrives at San Diego, ll;-mishap, 130;- first through Golden Gate, 164;-ment., 4, 9, 12, 13, 17, 18, 20, 63, 68, 80, 81, 102, 104, 108, 110, 139, 161, 165, 166, 202- 207, 210, 219, 325, 437, 438, 660;-iii, 55, 62, 66 San Carlos, The, (Philippine vessel), ii, 326, 396, 397, 398, 437 San Cayetano, arroyo, ii, 682 San Cayetano, Bolsa de, land grant, iii, 646 Sanchez, Agustin, iii, 246 Sanchez, Fr. Francisco de Jesus, joins Bishop Diego, iv, 222;- arrives, 227;-at Santa Bar- bara, 238;-obtains land grant, 261;-vice-rector seminary, 263, 279, 301;-takes oath, 282;- praised, 469, 674;-leaves sem- inary, 62S;-at Los Angeles, 68S;-"Fr. Salvadierra" in "Ra- mona," 674;-at first synod, 692;-stays in California, 698;- preaches at opening of novi- tiate, 707;-before Land Com- mission, 732-733 ;-ment., 512, 515, 683, 697, 703, 709, 720, 735 Sanchez, Fr. Francisco Miguel, ii, 177, 215,339, 542 Sanchez, Jose Antonio, ii, 625;- iii, 37, 145, 178, 305, 356 Sanchez, Fr. Jose Bernardo, ii, 646;-iii, glad at relief from mission temporalities, 104-105, 168;-with expedition, 142-145; -appointed presidente, 161, 249-250 ;-swears conditionally, 237, 244, 270;-demands pass- port, 261;-loathes office, 249- 2.50, 329, 336, 464;-re signs, 306-307 ;-teaches reading and writing, 325;-on emancipation, 376;-receives Zacatecan Fath- ers, 408;-without laborers, 416;-mulcted by paisano chiefs, 553 ;-prot ests land grant, 645;-death, 451, 560;- autograph, iii, 144 Sanchez, Jose de la Cruz, iv, 177 Sanchez, Rafael, iii, 552;-iv, 471, 481, 485 Sanchez, Urbano, iv, 26 Sanchez, Vicente, iii, 252;-iv, 35 Sancho, Jose M., iv, 241 Sancho, Fr. Juan, discrete, ii, 361, 382;-guardian, 393, 402- 403, 409-410, 416, 433-434;- autograph, 402 Sancho, Fr. Juan Bautista, at San Antonio, iii, 19;-refuses oath, 244, 272, 273;-death, 290;-ment., 32S;-autograph, 326 San Clemente, arroyo, ii, 492 San Cosme, Mexico City, iii, 93 San Cristobal Mts., ii, 151 San Daniel, Laguna de, ii, 38 Sandwich Islands, sectarian bigotry, iii, 478, 482, 650-652;- ment., 24S;-iv, vicar apostolic of, 612, 615, 663, 790;-ment., 235, 550 San Diego Convent, Mexico, iii, 93 San Diego Mission, see Mission San Diego, port, presidio, "Old Town" discovered, named, ii, 3, 7, ll;-latitude, 12;-expedi- tions to, 10-16 ;-savages, 13, 15, 20-21; first Mission at, see Mission ;-Portola expedi- tion leaves, 18, 22;-Portola returns, 60;-distress, 61-22;- Fr. Serra's letter, 66-68 ;-Por- tola's second expedition, 71;- salaries of garrison, 122;-Or- tega comandante, 125, 139;- Anza, 171 ;-temporary church, 185-188 ;-Fages, 393;-Zuiiiga comandante, 4S0;-school, 474; -Vancouver, 470;-ment., 80, 83, 127, 131, 133, 136, 144, 161, 196, 206;-see Fr. Serra, Mis- sions ;-iii, liquor shop, 132;- Echeandia arrives, 224, 237;- electors meet, 251;-Echean- dia, 343;-Padres, 346;-Vic- toria, 347;-conspiracy against Victoria, 361-364 ;-Hi jar at, Index 113 S07;-ment., 62, 222, 240, 265, 266;-iv, people oppose confis- cation of Missions, 16-17 ;-Fr. Garcia Diego sails, 69;-to be residence of Bishop, 197, 209; -Bishop Diego arrives, 225- 228;-unfit for Bishop, 229, 232;-population in 1840, p. 130;-partido, 390;-U. S. flag raised, 561 i-Stockton, 569;- Kearny, 57S;-Pico returns, 632;-ment., 296, 308, 309, 487, 488 San Dieguito, Indian pueblo, iii, 503, 531;-iv, 147 San Dionisio, or Yuma City, Arizona, ii, 139 San Elzeario, Rio, see Rio San Emigdio Rancho, iii, 204- 206 San Esteban, Alisos de, ii, 32 San Esteban, or Point Break- ers, ii, 152 San Felipe, Chihuahua, ii, 292 San Felipe Pass, ii, 667 San Felipe, rancheria, iii, 143;- iv, 571 San Felix de Cantalicio, ii, 82 San Fernando Church, Mexico City, iii, 265;-President Her- rera buried in, iv, 670 San Fernando College, see Col- lege San Fernando Mission, see Mission San Fernando San Fernando de Velicata Mis- sion, Lower California, ii, 15, 61, 81-83, 164, 212 San Fernando Valley, ii, 32, 197 San Francisco, Arroyo de, see Arroyo San Francisco Bay, Drake's Bay, ii, 7;-rediscovered, 50;- ment., 82, 83, 85, 96, 97 San Francisco Bay, Port, discovered, ii, 51;-first so named, 58;-" Arm of the Sea," 51-53, 96, 97, 142, 164, 181;- Fr. Palou and Rivera at, 141- 143;-surveyed, 164-165 ;-first ship, 164;-Anza at, 181-182;- Langsdorff, 634;-ment., 97, 140, 171, 172, 298, 310, 319, 322, see Fr. Serra, Fr. Palou, Neve, Rivera, Presidio, Mis- sion;-iii, 142;-iv, 318, 593, see San Francisco City San Francisco Borja, Mission, Lower California, ii, 127 San Francisco, Caiiada de, ii, 52 San Francisco City, (Yerba Buena), so named, iv, 266- 267, 563 ;-U. S. flag raised, 551, 555;-first newspaper, 563; -first election, 563;-first church, 61S;-Babylon or mad- house, 677;-priests at, 685;- first synod, 692-693 ;-cholera, 697;-archdiocese, 710-711, see Archbishop Alemany, Sisters San Francisco Call and wicked fiction, iv, 808-810 San Francisco Demokrat and vile story, iv, 806 San Francisco, or La Hoya de la Sierra Santa Lucia, ii, 40 San Francisco, Las Llagas de, ii, 40 San Francisco Mission, see Mission San Francisco Presidio, see Presidio San Francisco River, (San Joaquin), discovered, ii, 98;- ment., 164, 622, 625, 681 San Francisco, Sierra de, ii, 97 San Francisco Solano, his ac- tivity in Peru, ii, 342;-iii, 396 San Francisco Solano, Cerro de, ii, 492-4-94;-Mesa de, ii, 29 San Francisco Solano Mission, see Mission San Francisco Xavier del Bac, Arizona, ii, 134, 200 San Francisco Xavier (Javier), The, iii, 140 San Francisquito Creek, ii, 53, 141, 144;-iii, 154 San Gabriel Custody, ii, 392 San Gabriel Mission, see Mis- sion San Gabriel Range, ii, 622, 680 San Gorgonio Pass, ii, 666-667 San Gregorio, camp, ii, 176 San Guido de Cortona, ranch- eria, ii, 37 San Hilario de Cacaumeat, iii, 38-39 San Ignacio, Sonora, ii, 174 Saniles Indians, ii, 283 San Isidro Springs, iii, 144 San Ivon, Arroyo de, ii, 49 San Jacinto, Mt., or Mt. Edge- combe, ii, 159 114 Index San Jacinto Pass, ii, 136 San Jacinto Mountains, iii, 666- 667 San Jacinto Rancho, iii, 144, 6S8;-iv, 107 San Jacinto Valley, ii, 667 San Jacome de la Marca, Valle de, ii, 27, 663 San Joaquin, name for new Mis- sion not established, ii, 82 San Joaquin River (San Fran- cisco), see Rio San Joaquin San Joaquin y Santa Ana de Angayaba, camp, iii, 38-39 San Joaquin Valley, iii, 37;-iv, 313 San Jorge Spring, iii, 147 San Jose del Cabo, Lower Cali- fornia, iii, 443 San Jose de Gracia, or Simi, iii, 646 San Jose Mission, see Mission San Jose, pueblo, founded, ii, 222;-ment., 36S, 367, 475, 513; -iii, 645;-iv, Bishop Diego at, 266;-schooI ordered, 332, 334; -Sisters Notre Dame Con- vent, 689;-ment., 129, 280, 296, 452, 583-584, 660, 680, 681, 685, 708, 729 San Jose Rancho, iii, 658 San Jose, The, ii, 17, 44, 52, S3, 67, 660;-Philippine gal- leon, 324 San Jose, Valle de, ii, 177, 195 San Jose Valley, or Sajopin, ii, 490;-iii, 143 San Joseph, Arroyo de, ii, 177 San Juan Bautista Creek, ii, 667 San Juan Bautista Mission, see Mission San Juan Bautista, or Peder- nales, ii, 38 San Juan Capistrano Indians, ii, 237 San Juan Capistrano Mission, see Mission San Juan Capistrano Valley (site of San Luis Rey), ii, 27, 28 San Juan Capistrano Viejo, or Pale, ii, 490, 496 San Juan Capistrano de Uturi- tuc, Arizona, ii, 175 San Juan de Dios, (L. C), ii, 68 San Juan de Dios, Marl Springs, Cal., ii, 199 San Juan Nepomuceno, ii, 49 San Juan Nepomuceno, novena to, ii, 151 San Juan Nepomuceno, The, ii, 325 San Juan de Periicia Lake, ii, 39 San Ladislao (El Buchon), ii, 39 San Leandro Creek, ii, 96 San Leandro Rancho, iii, 156;- iv, 638 San Lorenzo, Bay, Nootka Sound, ii, 152 San Lorenzo Creek, ii, 96 San Lorenzo Rancho, iii, 156 San Lorenzo River, ii, 48 San Lorenzo, Spain, ii, 457 San Lucas, arroyo, ii, 48 San Lucas Cape, ii, 9 San Luis Bay (L. C), ii, 109 San Luis Gonzaga Spring, ii, 681 San Luis Obispo Mission, see Mission San Luis Obispo, or Dos Pu- eblos, ii, 37 San Luis Potosl, Mexico, iv, 481 San Luis Rey (Gaviota), ii, 37 San Luis Rey Mission, see Mission San Luis Rey wine, iii, 571 San Marcos Rancho, iv, 457 San Mateo, Arroyo de, ii, 52, 181;-iii, 155 San Mateo Rancho, iv, 184 San Marzal ("Death"), iii, 221 San Miguel de Horcasitas, So- nora, ii, 174, 189 San Miguel Mission, see Mis- sion San Miguel de Noches, ranch- erias, ii, 199 San Miguel de Sisuguina, iii, 39 San Miguel Valley, ii, 60, 91 San Miguelito Rancho, iii, 559 San Nicolas, El Cantil, ii, 39 San Pablo Bay, discovered, ii, 53;-surveyed, 164;-ment., 97, 206, 625 San Pantale6n (Ojitos), ii, 29 San Pascual Baylon, proposed Index 115 for Mission, ii, 82;-plain, 95, 144;-rancheria, ii, 197, 199 San Pascual, Indian village, iv, S71;-battle at, S72-S73 San Patricio, Canada de, ii, 176, 177, 667 San Pedro de Alcantara (Alto de Jumin), ii, 48, 144, 666 San Pedro de los Jamajabs (Mohaves), ii, 194 San Pedro, land grant, iii, 646 San Pedro a Moliano, ranch- eria, ii, 33, 664 San Pedro Point, ii, 44 San Pedro, Port of, iii, 650, 6S7;-iv, U. S. troops land, S58;-Charity Sisters arrive, 718;-ment., 330, 561, 564, 565, 568, 683 San Pedro Regalado, ii, 49, 144 San Pedro y San Pablo de Bicuner, pueblo Mission, ii, 352-353 San Pedro Saxoferrato, ii, 39 San Rafael land grant, iii, 645 San Rafael Mission, see Mis- sion San Raimundo, caiiada, ii, 52 San Ramon Nonato, ii, 38 San Ramon Creek, ii, 99 San Ramon Valley, ii, 99 San Rogerio (Berrendo), ii, 32 San Roque (Carpinteria), ii, 34 San Salvador Creek, ii, 96 San Sebastian, camp, ii, 176 San Simon Lipnica, ii, 27 San Simon y San Judas, ii, 49, 53 San Simon y San Judas de Uparsoytac, Arizona, ii, 175 Santiago, Fr. Juan Norberto de, at San Luis Rey, ii, 497;- captured, iii, 15, 16 Santiago, Parage de, land grant, iii, 646 Santillan, Rev. Prudencio, or- dained priest, iv, 412;-at Mis- sion Dolores, 516;-retires to Mexico, 686 Santiago, Arroyo de, ii, 29 Santiago Chon (James Jones?), convert, ii, 642 Santiago, Juan de, ii, 496 Santiago, The, ii, 131, 136, 144, 146-159, 161, 166, 218-220, 293, 298, .?00, 319, 320, 325 Santiago, The, (Nueva Galicia), ii, 127 San Vicente, Arroyo de, ii, 39 San Vicente Springs, iii, 155 San Zeferino, caiiada y ranch- eria, ii, 38, 59, 664 Santo Domingo, Arroyo de, ii, 682 Santo Domingo Valley, ii, 49, 666 Santo Tomas de Aquino, ii, 194 San Timoteo Canon, ii, 666 Santos Martires _ Hipolito y Casiano, rancherla, ii, 33, 664 Santa Ana, Lower California, ii, 40 Santa Ana, on Portola's march north, ii, 38 Santa Ana, Rio de, see Rio Santa Angela de Foligno, plain, ii, 98, 99 Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de, President of Mexico, iii, 373, 443, 504, 507, 508, 515, 516, S18;-defeated in Texas, iv, 73;-excludes foreign priests, 223;-admits Jesuits, 284;-confiscates Pious Fund, 245-246, 438;-appoints Mich- eltorena governor, 269 ;-ment., 282-283, 294, 330, 403, 407, 419;-autograph, iv, 243 Santa Apolonia, The, iii, 246 Santa Barbara Channel, see Channel Santa Barbara Mission, see Mission Santa Barbara Presidio, Town, see Presidio Santa Catalina de Bononia Val- ley, ii, 32 Santa Catarina Arroyo, ii, 176 Santa Catarina, or Walker River, ii, 198 Santa Clara, Caiiada and Rio, ii, 33, 59, 194, 197, 491;-iii, 205 Santa Clara Mission, see Mis- sion Santa Clara de Montefalco, rancheria, ii, 34 Santa Clara Valley, ii, 95, 203 Santa Coleta Valley, ii, 99 Santa Cristina Island, ii, 148 Santa Cruz, arroyo, ii, 48, 144 Santa Cruz College, Queretaro, see College, Queretaro ii6 Index Santa Cruz Convent, Tepic, ii, 320 Santa Cruz Island, ii, 618;-iii, 253 Santa Cruz Mission, see Mis- sion Santa Cunigundis, ii, 34 Santa Delfina, river and camp, ii, 44, 45, 54, 94, 141, see Rio Santa Elena, caiiada, ii, 39 Santa Eulalia, laguna, ii, 176 Santa Expedicion, ii, 5, 660 Santa Fe, New Mexico, ii, 111;- iii, lS9;-iv, 569, 572, 589 Santa Gertrudis, Lower Cali- fornia, ii, 135 Santa Gertrudis Spring, iii, 144 Santa Gertrudis land grant, iii, 645 Santa Humiliana, ii, 39 Santa Ines College Ranch, iv, 684 Santa Ines Mission, see Mis- sion Santa Ines River, see Rio Santa Ines Seminary opened, iv, 262-263 ;-students, 612 Santa Isabel, Arroyo de, ii, 491 Santa Isabel, Canada de, iii, 142, 143 Santa Isabel, rancheria, ii, 194; -iv, 107, 571 Santa Isabel, Valle de, ii, 27 Santa Justa, The, ii, 438-440 Santa Lucia, Sierra de, ii, 40, 54, 87, 662 Santa Margarita, asistencia de San Luis Obispo Mission, iii, 48, 643, 644;-iv, 547 Santa Margarita, asistencia de San Luis Rey, ii, 490;-iv, 761 Santa Margarita Valley, ii, 28 Santa Margarita de Cortona (Dos Pueblos), ii, 37 Santa Maria de Antigua, on Isthmus of Panama, ii, 245 Santa Maria, Rio de, ii, 38 Santa Maria Magdalena, cape, ii, 148 Santa Maria Magdalena, Cana- da, ii, 663 Santa Maria Magdalena, So- nera, ii, 174 Santa Maria, Fr. Vicente de, arrives as chaplain, ii, 161;- first priest through Golden Gate, 164;-buries letters, 165; -chaplain, 167, 202, 203;-as- signed to Mission, 210;-at Mission Dolores, 215 Santa Marta, rancheria, ii, 30 Santa Monica, El Cajon, iii, 142, 143 Santa Paula, rancho, iv, 510 Santa Paraxedis, ii, 28, 663 Santa Rita, rancheria, ii, 681 Santa Rita, The, iii, 136, 140 Santa Rosa Island, ii, 619;-iv, 75 Santa Rosa, Pozo de, ii, 176 Santa Rosa, Rio de, see Santa Ines River Santa Rosa Valley, iii, 147, 508;-iv, 249 Santa Rosa de Viterbio, ii, 32 Santa Rosalia, ii, 38 Santa Rufina, The, ii, 438-440 Santa Serafina, ii, 39 Santa Sinforosa, ii, 27 Santa Teresa, El Cojo, ii, 38 Santa Teresa Hills, iv, 326;- treaty at, 326 Sarapes grandes, blankets, iii, 69 Sarragossa, Spain, iii, 621 Sarria, Fr. Vicente Francisco de, death, ii, 334;-on Russian Baptism, 641-642 ;-ment., 533, 644-646 ;-iii, first comisario- prefecto, 4;-pastoral, 4-7;-on Fr. Quintana, 15-16;-aids troops, 18;-on soldiers with priests, 25;-on Indian mor- tality, 30;-founds Mission San Rafael, 31;-circulars, 41- 45;-biographical sketches, 46; -would welcome Jesuits, 48;- surrenders Missions, 52;- term expires, 53;-objects to cholos, 62-66;-forbids coaches, 89;-protest against taxing Missions, 140;-presidente, 174; -objects to legislative assump- tion, 176, 182-]83;-reproves Fr. Altimira, 179-180;-defends Fathers, 187-188 ;-sad descrip- tion of Missions, 190-193;- pleads for rebels, 205-206;- comisario prefecto again, 207, 404;-refuses oath, 214-219, 245; -arrested, 221-222;-on schools, 242, 325;-to be exiled, 246, 307, 565;-tells Fr. Martinez to stay, 263;-oflfers to retire to Index 117 Sandwich Isles, 268-269;-at- tends sick afar, 290;-on eman- cipation, 377;-stays at Sole- dad, 4S4;-death of, 560, 568- 571;-ment., 26, 29, 40, 152, 160, 170, 171, 175, 178-181, 184-185, 195, 220, 234, 239, 249, 250, 257, 259, 263, 266, 272, 280, 290, 302, 304, 328, 332, 347, 356-357, 387, 576 607, 609-611; -iv, to be exiled, 4;-accent on name, 180;-ment., 82, 152, 190, 522, 526, 781, 815;-auto- graph, iii, 5 Saucito, camp, ii, 356 Savages, see Indians ;-why they abhor Christian Religion, iii, 435-436 ;-tamed by Religion, iv, 536-537 Savannah, The, iv, 551, 565 Scandalous proceedings, see Fr. Martinez, Fr. Mercado, Jose Castro; Echeandia Scandalous conditions at San Gabriel, iv, 163;-at Santa Bar- bara presidio, see Fr. Ibarra, Fr. Suner;-at San Carlos, iii, 62-64;-at Sonoma, iii, 581-591, see Soldiers Scandalous oificials, ii, 515, see Chico, Gutierrez Scarcity of food, ii, 100-101, 130- 131 Scene, remarkable, ii, 401-402 Schemers against Missions, see Neve, De Croix, Echeandia, Alvarado, Pico, Bandini, Val- lejo, Hijar, Padres Scheme, Hijar-Padres, foiled, iii, 508 Schismatic baptism, validity of, ii, 641-642 Schmidt, Captain Carlos, iii, 155 School for boys at Santa Ines, iv, 262;-at Mission Dolores, 627, 716;-at Monterey, 93-94, 523, 651;-Los Angeles, 677, 691, see Borica, Sola, Michel- torena School for girls, first Sisters', Monterey, iv, 688;-San Fran- cisco, 714;-Los Angeles, 718, see Micheltorena Schools, Christian, necessary, iv, 713;-Borica's idea, ii, 475;- Micheltorena's regulations, iv, 332-334 Schools in Lower California, iv, 188 Schools for teaching Spanish ordered by king, ii, 472-473 Schools, Fr. Sarria's circular, iii, 32S;-friars want them, 242; -Echeandia's talk on but clap- trap, 394-398 ;-paisanos cared naught, 398-399 Schooibooks difficult to pro- cure, ii, 274, 474-475 Schoolmasters scarce, ii, 274, 473-474 Scott, Diego (James), buys Mission San Luis Obispo, iv, 460;-ment., 84, 234 Scott, General Winfield, enters Mexican Capital, iv, 629 Schuler, Most Rev. Fr. Denis, O. F. M., ii, 476 Schwenninger, Rev. Florian, O. S. B., iv, 696 Scrupulous honesty of friars, ii, 580;-iii, 249;-of Fr. Duran, iv, 438-439 ;-of Bishop Diego, 441-442 Scurvy afflicted crews, ii, 11-14, 22, 40, 43-45, 152;-heroism of afflicted soldiers, 45-48 Seal of Confession, iv, 780 Seal of Bishop Diego, iv, 194;- of State of California, 659-660 Seal Rocks, Cal., ii, 143 Searsville, Cal., ii, 53 Season, Paschal, for Easter duty, ii, 543 Secret departure of Fr. Pciri, iii, 412-414 Secret motive of liberal hostil- ■ ity, iv, 418-420 Secret project of Mission ene- mies, iii, 401 Secretary of Interior, U. S., on Indian affairs, ii, 271 Sect, the, iii, 166;-Carranza leading member in, iv, 580 Sectarian minister, first, iii, 631- 637;-ment., 603 Sectarian brutality, iii, 650-652; -iv, 612 Secular education deiicient, ii, 475 Secular priest, first in Upper California, ii, 320 Secular priests in Missions, iv, 372, 439;-number in 1844, iv, 324 ii8 Index Secularization, in true sense, desired by Fathers, ii, 527;- iii, 233 Secularization of Indian Mis- sions, true sense, iii, 233, 312, 425, 522, 638;-iv, 297 Secularization decree, Septem- ber 13, 1813, true meaning, iii, 95-97, 104, 137 Secularization plan of Echean- dia, iii, 238;-before assembly, 322-323;-annotated by Fr. Duran, 379-402 ;-reported un- favorably by Figueroa, 496- 500;-Mexican decree, August 17, 1833, iii, 501, 511, 518-520;- iv, 744;-decree, April 16, 1834, iii, 521 ;-repealed November 7, 1835, iv, 6;-not obeyed in California, iv, 15-16;-decree of Figueroa assembly, August 9, 1834, iii, 523-530;-of No- vember 4, 1834, pp. 530-532;- of the Pico assembly. May 28, 1845, a real confiscation, iv, 373-375;-Pico's decree, October 28, 1845, pp. 445-450; -effects disastrous, iv, 238, 535-538, 540-542, 581-589;- ment., iv, 9-10, 130-131, 160- 163, 288-292, 513-514 Secundino, Indian, iii, 13 Segregation of convert Indians from savages, necessary, iv, 140 ;-sy stem adopted by U. S. Government, 140, 655 Segregation of marriageable girls imperative, ii, 250, see Monjerio Self-denial of missionaries, ii, 449, 458-459, see Friars, Fa- thers, Missionaries Selfishness of Mission despoil- ers, iii, 377-378 ;-iv, 286, 475, 493 Seminary needed, iii, 343-344;- iv, 240;-founded at Santa Ines, iv, 262-263 ;-Fraaciscans in charge, 301, 408, 409, 412, 463, 624, 625;-Picpus Fathers, 677;-Rev. E. O'Connell, rec- tor, 690;-Rev. C. Rubio in charge, 719;-land grant to, 734-735 Semple, Dr. Robert, iv, 542, 563 Seiian, Fr. Jose, arrives, ii, 423; -returns to Mexico, 511;-his "Representacion", 511-516;- appointed successor to Fr. Tapis, 632;-ment., 226-227, 237-241, 621;-presidente, iii, 3, 4, 7, 54, 56;-also vice-comisa- rio, 84;-report or summary of, ll;-on Fr. Payeras, 172- 173;-vicario foraneo, 105-106; -to be historian, 174;-death, 173;-ment., 31, 33, 89, 91, 125, 148, 149, 161, 170, 178, 180, 183, 207;-autograph, 105 Senate, U. S., confirms Mexican peace treaty, iv, 629 Sending of missionaries trans- acted by king and viceroy, ii, 81 Senseless hatred of liberal poli- ticians for Catholic religious, iii, 533 Separation from God aim of French rulers, iv, 662 Separation of Lower from Up- per California, ii, 597-598 Sepulveda, Dolores, killed at Purisima, iii, 196 Sepulveda, Jose, iv, 35 Serafin, Rosario del Beato, ii, 48 Serfs, neophytes under adminis- trators, iii, 541 Sermon criticized for alleged heresy, iv, 420-422 Sermons in Lent and Advent, iii, 613 Serra, Fr. Junipero, enlisted by Galvez, ii, 4;-blesses packet- boat, 8;-arrives at San Diego, 16;-founds first Mission, 19;- in Indian attack, 20-21 ;-rash baptism fails, 22;-convalescent from scurvy, 60;-resolves to stay, 61-64;-to Fr. Palou, 66- 68;-v\rritings, 68-69 ;-f or Mon- terey, 65;-arrives, 74;-founds second Mission, 75-78 ;-asks for missionaries, 81-82;-Cor- pus Christi, 8S;-assigns friars, 8S;-founds Mission San An- ton., 88;-moves Mission San Carlos, 89;-Indian language, 101-102;-founds Mission San Luis Obispo, 103;-at San Ga- briel, 103;-at San Diego, 104;- annoyed by Pages, 104-106;- council, 107;-embarks for Mexico, 108;-received by Bu- Index 119 careli, 109;-saves San Bias, 115-116;-success, 109-121;-on road between Sonora and Monterey, 125, 134-135 ;-fare- well, 126;-report on Missions, 126;-at San Diego, 127;-urges supplies, 130;-at Monterey, 131;-warned against politi- cians, 145;-Fr. Jaume's death, 170;-pleads for guilty Indians, 170-171 ;-affections for natives, 101, 225, 246, 347;-meets Anza, 178, 179, 182 -offends Rivera, 183-184;-meets Rivera, 185;- approves Fr. Fuster, 188;-an- noyed by Rivera, 201-202 ;-at San Diego, 210-213 ;-restores Mission, 214;-founds San Juan Capistrano, 214;-assigns Fathers, 21S;-consoled by Bu- careli, 216-218-at Santa Clara, San Francisco, 220-221 ;-advo- cates whipping as penalty, 276, 341-342 ;-to Neve on ra- tions, 287-288 ;-dispute, 289;- empowered to confirm, 297- 298;-confirmation tour, 299- 301;-Neve objects, 301-312;- confirms privately, 317-318;- triumphant, 312-313;-slander- ed by Bancroft, 315-316;-love of peace, 292, 303-304, 315, 317- 318, 362;— second confirmation tour, 320;-at Santa Clara and Dolores, 324, 326;-objects to innovation, 337-344;-finds way out, 344-345;-objects to in- justice, 346-347 ;-hated by Ne- ve, 347-348, 362-364;-a feat at San Gabriel, 367;-founds San Buenaventura, 368;-blesses Cross for Santa Barbara Pre- sidio, 369;-disappo inted by Neve, 369-370 ;-h opes blasted, 371, 382, 383;-solicitude for friars, 385-389, 407;-on dona- tivo, 390;-public prayers, 391; -asks for priests, 395;-brings Fages to terms, 409;-formula for reports, 445-446;-inner life, zeal, mortification, 396-397, 323, 324;-last confirmation tour, 309-400;-dedicates Santa Clara church, 400;-last blow, 400;-"cursum consummavi," last illness, death, funeral. 400- 402;-ment., 6, 7, 9, 18, 90, 99, 129, 138-140, 143, 146, 173, 174, 244, 279, 281, 286, 290, 403, 404, 410, 432, 489, 533, 543, 653;- iii, on rights of Fathers over neophytes, 113;-hated by Ban- croft, 172;-in Sierra Gorda, 321 ;-approves whip, 456;-first land grant, 640-642 ;-ment., 547, 558, 568;-iv, defends rights of Indians, 12;-opinion of Mis- sion sales, 498;-ment., 305, 367, 386, 683, 80S, 81S;-autograph, vol. i, 305 Serrano, Leandro, iii, 414 Serrano y Franco, Rev. Fran- cisco Domingo, iv, 718-719 Servant of friars, ii, 125, 280, 282, 287, 332 Serviles, political party in Span- ish Cortes, iii, 95 Servin, Ignacio, iv, 481 Servitude of Church to State in Spain, ii, 607, see Patronato Settlers, why not successful, ii, 511, S12-513;-requisites, 514- S15;-religious instruction of, iii, 611-616;-selfishness of, iv, 286;-niggardly towards priests, 391 ;-American, cruelty to In- dians, 650-654 Severe judgment, iv, 111-112 Sgene, rancheria, ii, 679 Shackles as penalty, ii, 573-574 Shame curbs whites, not sav- ages, iii, 458;-stops extermina- tion of Indians, iv, 654 Shameless conduct of soldiers, iii, 201;-iv, 360-361, see Sol- diers, Troops Shameless discrimination against Indians, iii, 191-193;-see In- dians Shameless treatment of Fr. San- chez, iii, 260-261 ;-of Fr. Mar- tinez, 292-294, 332-333 ;-of Fr. Mercado, iv, 422-426 ;-of Fr. Ibarra, see Fr. Ibarra ;-of In- dians at Los Angeles, iv, 650 Shape of Monterey Bay, ii, 73 Shaw, Thomas, iv, 135 Shasta, Cal., iii, 147 Shea, John Gilmary, historian, ii, 206;-iv, 665 Shells, traffic in, by Indians, ii, 194 Sherman, William Tecumseh, iv, 595, 638, 639 I20 Index Shiftless soldiers, iii, 134;-see Soldiers, Guards Shipbuilding at San Bias, ii, 160 Ship, first through Golden Gate, ii, 164 Ships, chaplains on, add to ef- ficiency of men, ii, 220 Shipwreck averted through no- vena, ii, 320 Shoes, forbidden to Franciscans, ii, 628-629 ;-permitted to Fr. Payeras, 633;-Fr. Sarria on, iii, 42 Short, Rev. Patrick, C. SS. CC, iii, 6S0;7iv, 523, 790;-auto- graph, iii, 6S1 Short Words, Two, iv, 8-11 Shoshone Indians, ii, 226 Shubrick, Commodore, W. Brandford, general order of, iv, 579 Sick with scurvy, care for, ii, 14, 16, 18, 19, 22 Sick at Missions, care for, ii, 5SS;-desire Sacraments, 449;- refuse medicines, 609;-prefer to die in mountains, 612 Sickness among Indians and Mexicans, general causes, ii, 608-609 Sierra Gorda Missions, Mex- ico, ii, 7, 130, 246, 341;-Fr. Serra in, 299;-method ob- served, 426;-ceded to arch- bishop, iii, 321 Sierra, Fr. Benito, chaplain at sea, ii, 154-160, 166-167, 210, 219 Sierra Madre de California, ii, 667;-Nevada, ii, 197;-iii, 146;- iv, 652;-de San Benito, ii, 203;-de San Gabriel, 197;- de San Francisco, 97;-de San Marcos, 197;-de San Pablo, 193;-Santa Clara de Monte- falco, 159;-de Santa Coleta, 194;-de Santa Lucia, 39, 54, 56, 71 ;-de Santa Lucia, north of San Rafael, iii, 156 Signature of Pio Pico in U. S. District Court, iv, 755-756 Siguicin, ranchena, ii, 679 Silly charge, iii, 282 Silva, Most Rev. Fr. _ Commis- sary General Joaquin, ii, 455 Silva, Jose Manuel, iii, 142 Silva, Mariano, iv, 481, 551 Silver watches prohibited to friars, ii, 628-629, 632 Simi Valley, ii, 491;-iii, 230;- land grant, 646 Simplicity of Indians abused, iv, 184 Simpson, Sir George, on Santa Barbara, iv, 234-235 Sinaloa, ii, 133, 139-141, 174, 292, 365;-iv, 283 Sindico, or depositary, at Col- lege of San Fernando, ii, 84, 163, 219, 247, 372, 374, 453, 461, 544, 578, 591;-iii, 17, 208- 209, 248, 267;-iv, 522;-at Te- pic, iii, 209, 403;-iv, 26;-in California, iii, 257-258, 550, 567-568 ;-iv, 790 Singing savages, ii, 148-149 Singers and singing at Mis- sions, ii, 256-257, 273 Sinodos, see Stipends Sins crying to heaven, iii, 228 Sisters of Charity arrive at San Francisco, iv, 697;-at San Pedro for Los Angeles, 718;-Dominican at San Fran- cisco, 688-689;-of Mercy, at San Francisco, 715;-Notre Dame at San Francisco, 688- 689;-of Presentation at San Francisco, 714 Sisters of Charity, two, die of cholera on the way, iv, 697 Sisters' school, first in Cali- fornia at Monterey, iv, 688;- at San Francisco, 714 Sisupistu, rancheria, ii, 679 Sites for colonies proposed, ii, 516;-for Missions, 143-144, m, 490-492 Sitio, meaning of, iii, 475 Sitio de ganado mayor, iv, 265 Sitjar, Fr. Buenaventura, ar- rival, ii, 84;-assigned, 85;-at founding of San Antonio, 87- 88, 129, 178, 215;-marks site of San Miguel, 491-492;-at San Miguel, 496, 549-551;- his Indian vocabulary, 554;- iii, 611;-at Fr. Lasuen's death, ii, 596 Sitka region discovered, ii, 321 Situation in California early in 1846, iv, 493-494 Six Articles of Fr. Duran, iv, 431-432 Index 121 Sixth and Seventh Command- ments annoy liberal politi- cians, iv, 419-420 Sixty degrees, Spanish farthest north, ii, 322 Slanders, friars accustomed to, iii, 404;-of Bancroft, Hittell, and paisano chiefs, especially, 545, 556-559 Slaughter of horses ordered by governor, iii, 80 Slaughter of cattle, alleged wanton, iii, 557-559, 637, 654- 660 Slavery, Indian life under ad- ministrators, iii, 478;-iv, 178, 273, see Soldiers, Indians, Ad- ministrators Slawianska River, ii, 634, see Rio Sloat, Commodore, John D., general order, iv, 561-562;- proclamation, 552-5S4;-retires, 555;-ment., 597, 817 Smallpox carries oflE Indians, iv, 321 Smith, H. C, iv, 748 Smith, James Wilcox, iii, 67 Smith, Thomas JefiFerson, iv, 682 Smoking among savages, ii, 235 Smuggling prohibited, ii, 630;- Bandini guilty, iii, 513 Snook, Joseph Francisco, iv, 69, 226, 234 Soberanes, Feliciano, iii, 177;- buys Mission Soledad, iv, 460, 507 Soberanes, Guadalupe, iv, 481 Soberanes, Jose M., iv, 481 Soberanes. Juan, iv, 481 Soberanes, Mariano, iv, 727 Sobradilla, Pablo, iii, 482 Socialism, Christian, iii, 491 Socies, Fr. Lorenzo, ii, 519 Societv of the Propagation of the 'Faith, iv. 789, 790 Socorro, Xew Mexico, iv, 569 Sola, Pablo Vicente de, ap- pointed governor, iii, 10;-de- fends Fr. Quintana, 13-15;- friendly to friars, 36;-rules for soldiers, 39-40 ;-to vice- roy in behalf of friars, 48- 51. 71;-aid received from Missions, 59-61 ;-lauds Fr. Martinez, 59-61 ;-expedition against savages, Zl, 145;-puts cholos in Mission San Car- los, 63-66;-peevish, 67, 68, 134;-ungrateful, 111-1 12 ;-on secularization, 103-104;-satis- fied, 128;— unreasonable, 134- 139;-taxes Missions, 139;- delegate to Mexican Con- gress, 150, 158;-receives money from Missions, 151;- on dues to Missions, 210;- ment., 7, 20, 23, 25, 29-34, 58, 91, 121-123, 126, 132, 148, 152, 159, 163, 165, 172, 224, 646;- iv, 332, 816;-autograph, iii, 50 Solano Mission, see San Fran- cisco Solano Solano, or Sonoma, iv, 313, 412 Solano, Suizun chief, iv, 313 Soldiers, purpose at Missions, ii, 105 ;-a drawback, 92, 182- 183;-as mayordomos, 112;- dislike Fages, 114;-married preferred, 133;-under Neve despise friars, 291, 358-360;- insolent, immoral, 360, 384;- enlisted with bounty, 174, 365-366 ;-should be married, 36S;-disdain labor, 470;-after runaways, 499-508 ;-iii, badly equipped, 36-37; -regulations for, 39^«);-dissolute, 35, 63, 66;-ungrateful idlers, 131, 223;-"untamed mules," 233;- useless, 229-232;-quartered at Mission San Diego, 236, at San Carlos, 63-66;-unable to subdue Indians alone, 311;- too many, 330^331 ;-inconsid- erate, 331;-iv, idle gamblers, 88;-from Mexico not wanted, 72 ;-desperate from want, 105;-poorly equipped, 308;- disorderly, 360, 485 Soledad, Dona, iv, 228 Soledad Mission, see Mission Soler, Juan, storekeeper, ii, 132 Soler, Xicolas, militarj' in- spector, ii, 328. 361 ;-military commander, 356-357;-foolish proposition, 430-431;-re- moved to Tucson, 431-432;- iii. ment., 253 Soler, Pablo, surgeon, ii. 550 Solis, Joaquin, revolts, iii, 283;- against Echeandia, 331, 334;- 122 Index set free, 284-290 ;-ment., 285, 286, 289, 296, 298, 301, 302, 328, 343, 357 Solicitude for Indians, Fr. Du- ran's, iv, 468-469;-Governor Mason's, 593-595, see Friars, Fathers, Missionaries, In- . dians Solomon quoted, ii, 524 Sol6rzano y Pereyra, Juan, author, ii, 671;-iii, 13, 66, 136, 137, 607-608 Solution of a puzzle, iii, 107 Sombreros, Mexican, iii, 45 Somera, Fr. Jose Angel, ar- rives, ii, 84;-assigned, 85;- surrounded by savages, 90-91 ; -retires to Lower California, 93 Somerset, Ohio, iv, 682, 688 Somoza, Antonio M., iv, 481 Sonoma, ii, 497;-iii, 178, 180, 184, 466;-iv, M. Vallejo's realm, 136-138 ;-Indian slaugh- ter, 129;-Vallejo captured, 542;-Bear flag raised, 542- S43;Ide's proclamation, 544- 545 ;-U. S. flag raised, 555;- ment., 123, 126, 135, 145, 296, 313-315, 321, 391, 412, 489, 525, 610, 644, 690, 724, 727, 761 Sonora, Mexico, ii, 110, 134, 171, 179, 202, 221, 248, 292, 312, 354, 355, 371, 391, 392, 479;-iii, 392, 393, 396, 417, 471, 488;-iv, 196, 283, 309, 518, 570, 578, 673 _ Sonora, beginning of diocese, iv, 196;-ment., 793;-Missions, ii, 246 Sonora to Monterey, route, ii, 125, 161 Sonora, The, ii, 154-161, 166 Sonorans in revolt at Los An- geles, iv, 70 Sorcerers hostile to mission- aries, ii, 169;-vile, 236 Sorentini, Rev. Cayetano, iv, 692, 718 S6ria, Francisco, iii, 277 Soria, Fr. Rafael, on confusion in Mexico, iii, 268;-ment., iv, 213, 214, 221, 296-300 ;-auto- graph, iv, 221 Soriano, Rev. Fr., iv, 189-190 Sosa, Fr. Mariano, with three Zacatecans at San Gabriel, 407-408;-confirms, 409;-ment., iv, 80 Soscol, rancho, secured by M. Vallejo, iv, 272;-horsethieves, 314 Sotelo, Ramon, iii, 196 Soto, Antonio, iii, 305 Soto, Francisco, iv, 152 Sotomayor, Fr. Vicente, O. P., iv, 515, 676 Sotonocomii, Canada de, iv, 261, 735 Soule, Frank, iii, 630 South Sea or Pacific Ocean, ii, 3 Southern Pacific R. R., ii, 45, 197 South American rebels, iii, 58, 61 Southern Missions picture of confusion, iii, 427 Spain and Northwest Coast, ii, 3;-discoveries, see Expedi- tions ;-cedes Nootka to Eng- land, ii, 442 ;-ref uses to rec- ognize Mexican Independ- ence, iii, 265;-conditions in, 4S0;-ment., 629, 634, 637;-iv, aided Missions, 285;-recog- nizes Mexican Independence, 80-81 ;-ment., 11, 627, 688, 711 Spalding, Most Rev. John Mar- tin, quoted, iii, 628-629 Spaniard, Fr. Garces first, among Mohaves, iii, 193 Spanish America, mills in, ii, 261;-Spanish claims in Church matters, ii, 616-617;- Cortes of 1813, iii, 137;-dis- coveries, ii, 160;-Inquisition, ii, 542-543, 673;-iii, 169, 623- 629;-kings sympathized with Indians, ii, 428;-king's su- premacy in Church matters, ii, 616-617 ;-Religion not their first object of Spanish gov- ernments, ii, 5, 6, 655-660;- language, medium of com- munication for Indians, ii, 554;-iii, 610;-laws protected Indians, iv, 533;-maidens married no unbelievers, iv, 413-414;-born males to be exiled, iii, 269;-schools or- dered for Indians, ii, 472 Sparks, Thomas, iv, 234 Index 123 Specimen of liberalized pai- sano, iv, 426 Specimen demands from troops, iii, 554-556 Speech, freedom of, iv, 393 Spence, David, iii, 360;-iv, 5, 31. 33, 51, 52, 54, 241, 340, 471, 472, 781, 782 Spinning wheels and looms, at Missions, ii, 536 Spirit of friars at San Fer- nando College, ii, 423, 477-479 Spiritual affairs interfered with, ii, 302-305, 308, 312, 315 Spiritual safeguards of the Fathers, ii, 630;-iii, 577, see Retreats Spiritual results of the Mis- sions, ii, 593-594 ;-iii, 79;-iv, 527-530 Spoils, wrangling for, iv, 471- 473 Sponsors at Confirmation, ob- ligations of, ii, 300 Spying on friars, iii, 281-282;- iv, 784 Squatters must leave Missions, iv, 584-585 Squirrel and gopher plague, iii, 80 Stafford, Sister Mary Francis, iv, 688 Staple products of Missions, iv, 532, 534, 535 Stars and Stripes at Monterey, iv. 5S2-553;-Los Angeles, 561-562 ;-San Francisco, 555;- Santa Barbara, 558;-San Di- ego, S60;-Sonoma, 555 State of Church after confisca- tion, iv, 237-238, 391, 397-401 State of Missions in 1783, ii, 394;-in 1832, iii. 653;-after confiscation, iv, 98-116, 297- 298 Statehood demanded for Cali- fornia, iv, 657-659 Statesmen, real, iv, 586, 596- 597 Stations, Mission, see Pala, Santa Margarita, San Ber- nardino, Santa Isabel, San Marcos, San Mateo Statistics, ii, 301. 394-395, 446- 449, 512, 593-S94;-iii. 79, 80, 551, 653;-iv, 80, 185, 322-324, 657, 686; see Tabular Re- ports, Spiritual and Material Success of Missions Stearns, Abel, iii, 360;-iv, 39, 472, 725 Stecker, Martin, iv, 797-799 Steele, Joseph, iii, 254 Steinberger, John B., iv, 753 Stevenson, Jonathan D., ar- rives with volunteers, iv, 591; -recommends Hunter for In- dian agent, 593;-on Pio Pico, 634;-on Pico's dates, 725;- ment., 590, 603, 633, 635, 636, 641 ;-autograph, 633 Stigmata of St. Francis, ii, 39- 40 Stipends of friars from Pious Fund, ii, 124, 219, 279, 280, 332, 428, 461-462, 545;-not paid in cash to friars, 280, 461-462, 540;-Fr. Presidente and supernumeraries re- ceive no, 110, 219, 466;-use made of, 262, 373, 527-528, 578, 648;-begrudged, 523-529; -due of right, 530;-regarded as alms, 219-220 ;-iii, 248-249, 265;-how applied, 411, 647, 650;-not sent in cash, 209;- unpaid, 210, 249;-due to fri- ars, 560-561 ;-secured at heavy discount, 560, 561;-Figueroa begrudges, 561-562 Stocks, one form of penalty, ii, 276, 342, 573-574 Stockraising, agriculture, in- dustrial arts, not wanted by Neve, ii, 332 Stockton, Cal, ii, 681;-iii, 37;- iv, 690 Stockton, Robert F., Commo- dore, succeeds Sloat, iv, 555;- raises U. S. flag at Santa Barbara, 558;-at San Pedro, 558, 568;-Los Angeles, 561- 562;-premature boast, 564, 570;-names Fremont military commander of California, 563-564;-at San Diego. 569;- will not deal with Flores, 577-578 ;-aids Kearny, 575;- offers amnesty, 578;-ment., 565, 571, 579, 817;-autograph, 562 Stokes, Edward, iv, 234, 571 Stonington, The, iv, 564 124 Index Storekeepers, or habilitados, at presidios, ii, 132, 578 Stories, false, about friars, iv, 805-812 Straining at gnats, iv, 352, 358. 434-435 Strait of Anian, ii, 439;-of Juan de Fuca, ii, 438, 469 Strangers in their own homes, friars, iv, 86-88, 100-102, 160- 163, 180-182, 512-513 Struggle of friars for Indian wards incessant, iii, 311 Students at Santa Ines semi- nary, iv, 612 Students, three, receive Fran- ciscan habit, iv, 707 Stumbling blocks to Indians, see Soldiers Stupid notions about monks and nuns, iii, 517 Subdeacons, first ordained in California, iv, 257-258 Subjects discussed at first syn- od, iv, 692-693, 802-804 Submission of friars to con- fiscation, reasons for, iv, 92- 93 Subprefectures, iv, 123 Substitutes for friars not ob- tainable, iii, 47, 567 Success, Mission System, ii, 593-594 ;-iii, 115, 423-424, 551; -iv, 86-88, 527-537 Succession in California, law of, iv, 3 Sufferings, dreadful, on march, ii, 43-48 ;-on voyage, 12-13;- of Kearny's men, iv, 570-571 Suffragans of Archdiocese of Mexico, iv, 793 Suisun Bay, ii, 206 Suisun chief Solano, iv, 313 Suisun Indians, ii, 626 Suisun Valley, iii, 178 Sullivan, John, and the first Catholic Orphanage, San Francisco, iv, 697 Summary of Mission activity, iii, 311-314;-iv, 527-537 Summary of the Mission ques- tion, iii, 311-316, see Nutshell Sumner, William, iii, 650 Sumtache Indians, iii, 23 Sunday at Missions, ii_, 255-256; -religious instruction, 255, 627, 655;-iii, 613;-holy Mass, ii, 256 Sunday Mass impossible, ii, 14, 143 Sunday morning at Los An- geles after confiscation, iv, 650 Sun-dials, ii, 628 Suner, Fr. Francisco, against whiskey shop, iii, 132-133;- will take oath, 244;-wants passport, 278;-blind, 91, 259, 270;-death of, 290, 560;-ment., 256, 273;-autograph, 132 Siifiol, Antonio M., iv, 280, 285, 507 Siinol Valley, ii, 99 Sunset Magazine story, iv, 806- 808 Superfluous official, iii, 253;- soldiers, see Soldiers Superiors hampered under Spanish rule, ii, 81, 145, 274;- neglectful, 477;-watchful, 626- 627;-iii, 407 Supernumeraries receive no stipend, ji, 461, 466, S40;-re- ceive rations, 279, 285-286, 288-291, 461;-ment., 167-168, 215, 219, 367, 382, 395, 501, 545, 632 Superstitious dread of natives, ii, 614 Supplies furnished by Missions, iii, 459-460;-specimen de- mands for soldiers, 554-556, see Drafts, Contributions, Chico, Alvarado, Vallejo, Echeandia, Figueroa Supplies for Missions from Mexico, ii, 109, 132, --spoiled, 114; see Memorias Supplies from Missions not obligatory of right, iv, 22, 23, 28 Supply ships, ii, 219 Support of Religion and priests duty of faithful, iii. 580, 581;- iv, 395, 608;-in first synod, 692-693 ;-Vallejo's attitude, 248-250, 791-793 Suppression of Missions pro- posed, iii, 177 Supreme Being, Supremo Ser, favorite term of paisano chiefs, but not Christian, ii, 676;-iii, 362-363 ;-iv, 32 Index 125 Siipreitie Council of Indies, ii, 298 Supreme Court organized, but failed, iv, 127, 390 Supreme Court U. S., decides against Indians ip case of Warner's Ranch, iv, 642 Supreme Government of Mex- ico, iv, 3, 5, 7, 14, 15, 16, see Bustarhante, Herrera, Mon- tesdeoca Supreme Pontiff, ii, 603-605, see Popes Supreme power from God, not from people, iii, 564 Surgeons and physicians in California, ii, 451, 5S0;-iii, 283, see Prat, Soler, Ander- son Surprise, agreeable, to friars and Indians, iv, 596 Survey of San Francisco Bay etc., ii, 206-207 Suspension of Mission sales ordered by Mexican Govern- ment, iv, 501-502 Suspicions about Mission own- ership, iv, 581 Suso, Fr., of San Fernando College, iii, 265 Sutil, The, ii, 441 Sutro Heights, ii, 143 Sutter, John A., reports Indian attack, iv, 315;-enlisted by Micheltorena, 327-329 ;-pre- sumption, 414-416;-Indian agent, 593;-connection with gold discovery, 609-610 Sutter's -Fort, Vallejo impris- oned, iv, 545 ;-U. S. flag raised, 555;-Governor Mason at, 611;-ment., 609 Sweathouses, Indian, ii, 49, 230 Synod, first ecclesiastical, iv, 692, 732;-decrees of, 802-804;- first in Archdiocese of San Francisco, iv, 713 System, Mission, origin,, ii, 245; -explained, 242-278 ;-best adapted for aborigines, 270- 275;-adopted, essentially, by U. S. Govt., 272, 595, 655-657; -hated by Neve, 330-335;- College insists on, 433-434, 590;-eloquent defense. 552;- ment., 369, 579, 586-590;- hated by paisano chiefs, see Pico, Alvarado, Bandini, Val- lejo;-iv, success of, 86-88, 527-537, 654-655 ;-cause of happiness to California, 407- 408;-foundation of California prosperity, 497;-view of Lum- mis, 530;-influence continues, 533-534 ;-saved Indians, 649 Taboada, Fr. Joaquin, discreto, iii, 465;-iv, 78 Taboada, Fr. Luis, see Gil Tabular Reports, iii, 6S2;-iv, 529, 531, 535, see inserts vol. iii Tache, rancheria, iii, 23 Tacubaya, Mexico, Bishop Reyes consecrated, ii, 392 Tacubaya, Las Bases Organicas de, iv, 282 Tacui, rancheria, ii, 680 Taft, William Howard, Presi- dent, on independence of ab- origines, iv, 316 Tagatset, Julian, iii, 150 Tagle, Mariano Perez de, ii, 321 V Tagle, The, iii, 21 Tahiti, Vicar-Apostolic of, iv, 624 Tahualamne, rancheria, ii, 623 Talayojai, rancheria, iii, 143 Talbot, Theodore, iv, 565, 568 Tale, a strange, iv, 35 Tale-bearers and spies, iv, 420 Tales about friars, iv, 804-815 Talihuilimu, rancheria, ii, 679 Tallow candles at holy Mass, iii, 74 Tallow, staple product, ii, 591 Talpa, Our Lady of, ii, 153 Tamales, ii, 49 Tamataia (Jamataia), iii, 143 Tampico, Mexico, ii, 487 Taney, Hon. Roger B., Chief Justice Supreme Court, U. S., iv, 732 Tapia, Jose Tibiircio, iii, 196, 251;-iv, 124 Tapis, Fr. Estevan, writes mu- sic, ii, 256;-arrives, 453;-at Santa Barbara, 498 ;-f acuities for presidios, 542;-elected to i succeed Fr. Lasuen, 548;- crushing reply to Goycoe- 126 Index chea's charges, 551-565, 577- 578, S80;-presidente, 596-597;- founds Mission Santa Ines, 601;-vicar-forane, 607-608;- names places for retreats, 630;-on baptism of heretics, 641-642 ;-ment., 599-602, 607- 610, 612-614, 616-620, 623, 632, 633, 641-643, 646-648, 6S0;-iii, resigns, 3;-at the Canon Fer- nandez council, 152;-on false philosophy, 220;-on oath of allegiance, 220-221 ;-death of, 226;-ment., 19, 54, 179, 214, 219;-iv, 81S;-autograph, ii, 647 Tarahumara, Mexico, iii, 488 Tarragona, Spain, iii, 621 Taraval, Sebastian, Indian guide, ii, 135, 192, 193, 195, 197-199 Tarazon, Indian, ii, 507 Tartar features of Indians, iii, 130 Taslc, regular, at Missions, ii, 562 Taslupi, rancheria, ii, 680 Taulamne, rancheria, ii, 681 Tayiyas (islay), a fruit, ii, 567 Taxation, unequal, iii, 186-187 Taxes of settlers, ii, 592 Taxes, exorbitant on Missions, iv, 275, 377, see Missions, Contributions Teach and preach, freedom to, iv, 44 Teachers scarce, ii, 474;-iii, 325, 398, 614;-among paisanos, 399;-salaries, 242 Tecate, rancho, iv, 308 Tecolote, rancheria, ii, 682 Te Deum Laudamus, ii, 75, 178, 179, 206, 369;-iii, 31, 157, 216, 278;-iv, 61, 74, 11, 260, 261, 484, 663, 708 Tegilque, rancheria, iii, 143 Tehachapi (Tejon) Pass, ii, 622, 623;-Range, ii, 197 Telame (Tulame), ii, 623, 682;- iii, 23, 26 Tclemaque, iii, 232;-iv, 777, 781 Telles, Rafael, iv, 285 Temblores, Rio de, ii, 90, 91 Temecula, rancheria, iii, 144;- iv, 182, 352 Temple, John, purchases Mis- sion Purisima, iv, 460 Temple, Pliny F., iv, 725 Temporalista, opponent of tem- poralities, ii, 488 Temporalities, Mission, dis- tasteful to friars, ii, 420-421, 487-489, 532;-loathed, iii, 268- 269;-first attack on, 216;- friars eager to be rid of, 374,- 376, 438-439, 492, 538-540, 553, 556-557 ;-ment., 6-7, 116- 117, 130;-iv, Fathers willing to cede, 27, 64 Tenagre, in partibus infidelium, iv, 202 Ten Commandments aban- doned, iv, 782;-annoying to Liberals, iv, 419-420 Tennessee, Bishop Alemany in, iv, 687 Tennesseean adventurer, iv, 60, 128-129 Tenorio, Ignacio, iii, 299 Ten years to convert Indians, ii, 266, 269;-iii, 137 Ten years' service, ii, 424, 442- 443, 432 Ten years. Missions exempt from taxes for, iii, 136-138 Tepic, Mexico, ii, 84, 108, 127, 167, 278, 320, 528;-iii, 16, 56, 139, 148, 151, 248, 407, 415, 443, 557, 560;-iv, 26, 73 Teran, Sefior, iv, 208 Territorial assembly, first, iii, 169, see Assembly Territorial districts, iv, 390 Territory secured for Spain through missionary friars, iv, 536-537 Test of practical Catholicity, iii, 317 Testimony before Land Com- mission, iv, 733 Testimony on treatment of priests and nuns in Mexico, iv, 797-799 Testimony of paisano chiefs and henchmen unreliable, iv, 426, 427. Texas, mission history of, ii, 264;-Missions, 246;-ment., 87, 479;-iii, 46S;-revolt, iv, 19, 428;-Santa Anna defeated, 73; -in the Union, 428;-ment., 71, 269, 283, 405, 473-475, 481, 542, 629 Text of Bula Cruzada, iii, 620 Index 127 Thanksgiving Day Proclama- tion, first, iv, 661-662 Thanksgiving Masses, ii, 16, 133, 160, 178, 213, 320, 468;- iii, 147 Third Degree and Inquisition, iii, 624-625 Thebes, Egypt, iv, 289 The Hague Tribunal on Pious Fund, iv, 40S The Californian, first news- paper in California, iv, 563;- ceases publication account of gold fever, 610 The California Star, first news- paper in San Francisco, iv, S63;-suspends on account of gold fever, 610 Thieves fall out, iv, 126-127 Thomas Nowlan, The, iii, 302- 303, 334 Thompson, creditor of Mission Purisima, iv, 356, 364 Thompson, R. A., iv, 732 Thornton, Sir Edward, decides Pious Fund Case, iv, 695 Thrashing grain, ii, 260 Thurston, H. J., iv, 737 Thurston, S. R., iv, 661 Thwaites's reprint of Pattie's "Narrative," iii, 283 Tiberius, Emperor, iv, 46 Tiburcio, Indian, ii, 507 Tierney, Rev. R. H., S. J., iv, 797 Tijeras in Portola's march, ii, 47 Tile and brick making, ii, 560- 561 Time needed to civilize sav- ages, iii, 533, see Ten years Tithe collectors appointed by Bishop Diego, iv, 247;-resign, 256 Tithes, ecclesiastical, conceded to King of Spain, ii, 671;-iv, 175;-collected by government officials, 106 Tithes, Diezmos, which see, ii, 460, 592, 671;-iii, 122, 395;- requested by Bishop Diego, iv, 239-240 ;-pastoral on, 247- 248;-regulations for, 247;- coUectors, 256, 412, 422;-fail- ure, 246, 247, 255, 391;-pas- toral by Fr. Rubio, 608;-at first council, 692-693, 803-804; -ment., iii, 395, 494 Titles to Indian lands, Fr. Duran urges regulating, iv, 464, 467 Title deeds to Mission prop- erty, iv, 502-504;-sample, Mis- sion San Buenaventura, 509- 511 Title deeds, fraudulent of Pio Pico, see Pico, Land Cases Titles, extravagant, iv, 391 Titles of honor not denied, iv, 586; see Gentlemen Tizcareno, Fr. Angel, iv, 224 Tobacco distributed to In- dians, ii, 192, 198;-sale of in various forms, S9l Tobar, Jose, ii, 320, 325, 370, 395 Toca, Jose Manuel, ii, 474 Todd, William L., iv, 542 Todos Santos Mission, Lower California, ii, 79 Tolling bell at 3 p. m., iii, 45, see Bell Toluca Decrees against Catho- lic Church, iv, 796-797 Tonsure and Minor Orders, iv, 304 ;-conf erred first time in California, 228 Topipabit, rancheria, iii, 39 Toral, Pedro, ii, 121 Toribio, Archbishop, iii, 42 Toribio, Indian, ii, S07;-iv, 452 Tornel y Mendibil, Jose M., Minister of War, iv, 223, 270, S03;-to Jose Castro, 485-486; -circular, 750, 758, 772;-ment., 481 Toro, Jose del, ii, 121 Torquemada, Fr. Juan de, ii, 54-55, 130 Torquemada, Thomas, O. P., iii, 625 Torre, Gabriel de la, iv, 481 Torre, Joaquin de la, iv, 481 Torre, Jose de la, iii, 185, 215 Torre, Raimundo de la, iii, 300 Torrens, Fr. Juan, ii, 626;-iii, 3, 53 Torres, Francisco, iv, 70 Torres, Manuel, iv, 135-137 Torres, Fr. Ascensio, Merce- dario, iv, 238 Tortillas, ii, 49 Tract Fifteen, iii, 626, 629 128 Index Trade, foreign and domestic, iv, 416;-reguIations, ii, 590, 591;- restricted, ii, 133, 224, 436- 437, 514-515 ;-foolish regula- tions, iii, 20;-relaxed, 82-83 Traders, English, iii, 168 Traders and Indians, ii, 570-571 Trades and mechanical arts at Missions, ii, 261-262, 560-563, 637 Trading among Indian tribes, ii, 194, 196 Traducers of missionaries, ii, 246;-iii, not scrupulous, 258 Training schools at Missions, first, ii, 258-275 ;-continuance due to San Fernando Col- lege, 332, 382 Traitors to Religion, ii, 264 Transportation cost, ii, 280 Transports, supply ships, ii, 219, 437 Traveling without guard, mis- sionary, iv, 776 Traveling, means for, lacking to friars, iii, 47, 54;-advanced, not refunded, 73;-for Zacate- cans, 443;-for foreign priests, iv, 622-624, see Viatico Treachery of Indians, ii, 157, see Indians ;-of p a i s a n o chiefs, iv, 326, 360, 423, 424;- of Pio Pico against Victoria, iii, 361-362 ;-of Jose Castro against Micheltorena, iv, 326- 327 Treason against Mexico by Al- varado, iv, 64-65 Treatment of missionaries by Cortes, ii, 342-343 ;-by Neve, 358-361, see Rations, Fr. Ser- ra;-at Monterey, ii, 182, see Echeandia, Castro Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, iv, 744;-Gov. Mason's Proc- lamation, 630-632 ;-of San Fer- nando, 329-330;-of Santa Te- resa, 326 Tribunals of justice lacking, iv, SO Tribunal of Penance, iv, 783 Trigueros, Mexican Minister, iv, 255, 256 Trillo v Bermiidez, Francisco, ii, 659 Trinidad, Rev. Eugenio de la SS., ii, 646 Trinidad, Puerto de la, ii, 155;- rancheria, iii, 38 Trinity County, iii, 147 Tristan, Bishop Estevan Lo- renzo, on Patronato, ii, 463 Triunfo, ii, 491, on route of Fr. Santa Maria Triumph of missionaries, ii, 428-429;-of Mission System, iv, 274;-short, of Rivera, ii, 212 Troops necessary evil, ii, 425;- composition of and duties, 450-451 ;-ungrateful, iii, 125- 127;-destitute, 17;-supplies for, 19;-Fr. Duran's generos- ity, 338;-needs of, oppose con- fiscation, 492-493; -American, iv, 589, see also Soldiers, Guards Troy in ancient Greece, iv, 289 Truxillo, Most Rev. Fr. Man- uel M., ii, 446 Tubac, Sonora, ii, 110, 125, 134, 135, 137, 182, 191, 199 Tucson, Arizona, ii, 175, 191, 366, 531 Tucuman, Peru, ii, 342 Tulare Lake, ii, 196, 621, 679 Tulare River, ii, 623 Tulare Valley, ii, 681 ;-iii, 22, 24, 25-29 ;-iv, 322 Tulares, ii, 196, 621;-iii, Mis- sion proposed, 78;-ment., 22- 30, 34, 37, 116, 204, 205;-iv, 311, 565, 638, 648 Tulares Indians, ii, 601, 620;- killed by epidemics, iii, 26, 28-29;-iv, 322;-hostile, iv, 310, 313;-converts from, iii, 23 Tunctache, rahcheria, ii, 623 Tunisumnes Indians, iv, 216 Tuohuala, or Hubal, iii, 24 Tuolumne River, ii, 681;-Coun- ty, iv, 690 Tupai, camp, ii, 679 Turks less cruel than California oppressors, iv. 111 Tutelage of Indians, ordinary duration, ii, 532, see Ten Years ;-of Indian girls, 250 Tuthill on Indians, ii, 224-225, 384 Twelve Apostles of Mexico, iv, 303 Twenty-five blows the limit, iii, 478, see Flogging Index 129 Two Mile Slough, ii, 62S Two missionaries necessary at Mission, ii, 82, 124, 247, 279, 280, 331-335, 418, 427, 523-529 Two reasons for detaining neo- phytes, ii, 264, see Runaways Tyler, Daniel, Mormon Elder, iv, 589-591 Tyler, President John, iv, 428 Typical land grant cases of Pio Pico, iv, 747-771 U Ugarte y Loyola, General Ja- cobo, ii, 406, 419, 425, 448, 455, 544;-iii, 643, 646;-auto- graph, ii, 419 Uholasi, rancheria, ii, 623 Ukiah, Cal., iii, 147, 609 Ultramontanes, political party in Spanish Cortes, iii, 95 Ululatos Indians, iii, 146 Uluqui (Coias, Cuit), ii, 240 Unalaska, ii, 438 Unclaimed land only may be granted, iii, 387 Unequal taxation, iii, 186, see Taxation, Unfortunate change in Mexi- can government, ii, 292-293 Ungrateful Indians, iv, 378-379; -paisanos, 285-288 ;-troops, iii, 167, see Troops, Soldiers, Guards, Indians Unhappy republic and charac- ter of men at fault, iii, 515;- iv, 794-799 Union of Church and State, correct and false views, ii, 463;-in Spanish dominions, 81, 455, 603-607, 673 Union with God not prevented by worldly cares, ii, 532-533 United States brings peace to California, iv, 493;-declares war on Mexico, 550-551 ;-flag raised at Monterey, 550-553;- at San Francisco, 555;-at So- noma, 555;-at Santa Barbara, 558;-at San Diego, 560;-at Los Angeles, S60;-respects people's Religion and the rights of Indians, 506, 554;- free from cruelty to Indians, 596;-requires no oath of al- legiance, 598-599, 605-606 United States Government learns lesson, ii, 267-281;- aids Indians, 337;-iii, 373;- adopts Mission System in reservations, see Reserva- tions;-ment., 112, 129 United States District Court, San Francisco, and land cases, iv, 746-771 United States Senate Report, 50th Congress, iv, 533 Unjust arrangement, iii, 387- 393;-iv, 381-396 Unlawful use of Pious Fund, ii, 655-660 Unnecessary display of force, iii, 288 Unpaid drafts, iii, 210, see Drafts, Contributions Unpaid stipends, iii, 210, see Stipends Unpatriotic Californians, iv, 475- 476 Unprincipled legislators, iv, 36, see Assembly Unreasonable demands, iii, 188, see Contributions, Supplies, Soldiers Unscrupulous Pio Pico, iv, 367 Unselfishness of San Fernando College, ii, 423, 477-479;-iii, 47-51 Unselfishness of friars, ii, 281- 283, 286, 322-326, 459, 467;- iii, 14-15, 120-121, 374-378, 383-384, 396, 558-559;-see Fri- ars, Fathers, Missionaries, Missions Unwise trade restrictions, ii, 436-437 Unworthy ecclesiastics, ii, 640- 651;-iii, 267;-friars, ii, 479- 487 tjres Mission, Sonora, ii, 190 Uria, Fr. Francisco Xavier, at San Fernando Mission, ii, 496;-iii, story about, 196;- disheartened, 233;— refuses oath, 244;-at San Buenaven- tura, 259;-ill at Santa Bar- bara, 290;-death, 466, 560, S68;-ment., 89, 195, 197, 270, 273;-autograph, 195 Uria, Fr. Jose Antonio, ii, 640 Urselino, victim of Indian at- tack at San Diego, ii, 169 I30 Index Ursiia, Rev. Fr. Filomcno, iv, 617-618 ■ Uss6n, Fr. Ram6n, as chaplain, ii, 161;-rctircs, 132 Usurpation of Echcandla, iii, 347-350 ;-of Figueroa, 522- 523;-of assembly, 530-531 ;-of comisionados, 582-587, 594- S95;-of Pico's assembly, iv, 373-376 ;-of Pio Pico, 445-450 Utica, N. Y., iv, 696 Utopian view, iii, 469 Uturituc, Arizona, ii, 175 V Vacation of neopliylcs at Mis- sions, ii, 264-265, 500, 505, 554, 566-567 Vaccination, iv, 321 Vahca, San Miguel Mission site, ii, 495 Vagabond class, some colon- ists, iii, 506-507, see Branci- forte Valaddz (Valdez), Gerv&sio, iv, 227, 263 ValcarccI, Domingo, ii, 121 Valdes, Cayetano, ii, 441 Valdez, Rt. Rev. Pedro Diaz de, iv, 522 Valdez, Felix, iv, 326 Valencia, Gabriel, iv, 242, 244, 481 Valentine Robert G., ii, 271 Valladolid, Spain, iv, 627 Valle, Antonio del, iii, 155, 205, 484;-iv, 148 Valle, Ignacio del, iii, 362;-iv, 124, 273, 285, 340, 343, 353, 477, 725 Valle dc San ]os6 ii, 177, 195 Valle dc San Juan Bautista, ii, 667 Vallejo, Ignacio, mayordomo, ii, 390;-corporal, 491;-immor- ality of, S15;-insults Fr. Ca- tala, 531 Vallejo, Jose de Jesus, brutal to Indians, iv, 153-154 ;-ment., 91, 124, 133, 312, 751 Vallejo, Salvador, insolence of, iii, 584;-ment., 582;-cruel to Indians, iv, 313-314;-ment., 542 Vallejo, Mariano Guadalupe, glimpse of his character, ii, 56;-his calumnies, 248, 347;- iii, ignorance, 160;-first pub- lic appearance, 252;-veracity, 254, 257, 6S6:-wild story, 303; -ensign, 305, 306;-freethink- cr's jargon. 370-373, 485;-pic- varicator, 449;-loudest enemy of Missions, 454-455, 459-460, 485;-falsely accuses Fr. Mer- cado, 461-462;-hiniself ac- cused, 462-463;-u 11 conscious confession, 485 j-^windbag, 48S;-takes Mission Solano estates, S35;-stgnificant ad- mission, SS3;-wickcd fabrica- tion, 557;-malicious charge, 570-571 ;-awful conditions un- der him, S82-S89;-Indi:ins slaves, S86-588;-goes unpun- ished, 590-591 ;-silly vanity, S92-.593;-Don Quijotc, 593;- his force, 593;-worst slanders from him, S94;-brave against helpless priests and Indians, 593-594;-his schooldays, 614- 615;-mcnt., 107, 159, 251, 281, 300-303, 327, 333, 365, 366, 368, 369, 377, 414, 471, 478, 481, 510, 545, 581, 589, 596, 631, 646, 656, 657;-iv, verac- ity, 40;-age, S4;-brave at dis- tance, 57-58;-confess