OLIN HA 902 1899 A v.1-3 Digitized by Microsoft® This book was digitized by Microsoft Corporation in cooperation with Cornell University Libraries, 2007. You may use and print this copy in limited quantity for your personal purposes, but may not distribute or provide access to it (or modified or partial versions of it) for revenue-generating or other commercial purposes. Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® A \Ai-3 Af&% "%A ; j^ Digitized by Microsoft® War Department, Census of Porto Rico, Office of the Director, Washington, June 11, 1900. Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith the. manuscript of the first bulletin of the Census of Porto Rico, with the request that 9,000 copies be printed for distribution, 1,000 copies to be in Spanish. Very respectfully, J. P. Sanger, Ins. Genl., Director Census of Porto Rico. To the Hon. Elihu Root, Secretary of War, Washington, D. C. Digitized by Microsoft® 3^^^ Digitized by Microsoft® TV CENSUS OF PORTO EIOO. The population of Porto Eico shown by the schedules of the pres- ent census taken with reference to the date of October 16, 1899, was 953,243. This was about nine-tenths of the population of Maryland in 1890, the State whose population is nearest to that of Porto Eico. Previous censuses of the island in comparison with the present have shown the following results: Date of census. Population of Porto Eico. December 26, 1860 583, 308 731,648 798,565 December 31, 1877 December 31, 1887 December 31, 1897 October 16, 1899 953,243 The figures for 1860, 1887, and 1899 are the official census returns. Those for 1877 are taken from the report of the civil secretary of Porto Eico, Mr. Coll y Tosti. 1 Those for 1897 are taken from the same source, but in judging them it should be remembered that ' ' the results of the census were never published or even tabulated in full. Some of the returns have been available, while a portion have but just been discovered and a small part are still missing." 2 It seems best, therefore, to disregard these returns in estimating the growth of pop- ulation in Porto Eico. From the figures given, the decennial rate of increase has been com- puted with the following result: Census interval. Decennial rate of increase in per cent. 1860-1877 14.24 1877-1887 9.14 1887-1899 16.20 If the figures for these earlier censuses may be accepted, it appears that the population of Porto Eico has been growing through the last twelve years with greater rapidity than before since 1860. Its 'Contained in Appendix to Report of Gen. George W. Davis, U. S. V., on Civil Affairs of Porto Rico, 1899, p. 158. 2 Idem, p. 16. Digitized by Microsoft® 5 6 CENSUS OF POETO EICO. present rate of increase is about the same as that of Ohio, Tennessee, or the Carolinas during the decade between 1880 and 1890. Before making a comparison for departments and municipal districts between the population in 1887 and that in 1899 five changes call for mention. Three of them are merely nominal: The San Juan depart- ment of 1887 appears in the present census as Bayamon, the Sabana del Palmar district of 1887 is now Comerio district, and the Hato Grande district of 1887 is now San Lorenzo. Two municipal districts no longer appear in any shape in the list, for Ceiba has been consolidated with Fajardo and Luquillo has been divided between Rio Grande and Fajardo. As the last change affects the boundary between two depart- ments, in preparing the table below the municipal district of Rio Grande has been included in the department of Humacao in order to insure that the comparison in every case is for identical areas. Department. Population. 1887. Increase, 1887-1899. Absolute. Per cent. Humacao (with Rio Grande) Mayaguez Guayama Aguadilla Bayamon (less Rio Grande) . Ponce Arecibo Porto Rico 93,214 115,926 96,991 86,096 122, 862 159, 311 124, 165 100, 866 127, 566 111,986 99,645 147,681 203, 191 162,308 7,652 11,640 14,995 13, 549 24, 819 43,880 38,143 8.2 10.0 15.5 15.7 20.2 27.5 30.7 798, 565 953,243 154, 678 19.4 The boundaries between these departments divide the island, by lines trending either north and south or east and west, into four regions, which may be called the eastern (department of Humacao), east central (departments of Bayamon and Guayama), west central (departments of Arecibo and Ponce), and western (departments of Aguadilla and Maya- guez). Each of these four divisions, except the first, is subdivided into a northern and a southern part. An inspection of the preceding table, with these facts in mind, shows that the central departments, except Guayama, increased faster than any of the three at the east and west ends of the island; that of the three departments at the ends of the island those at the west grew faster than Humacao, and of the four central departments the two west central ones grew faster than either of the east central ones. Each department on the north coast also grew more rapidly than the department directly south of it, viz, Aguadilla faster than Mayaguez, Bayamon faster than Guayama, and Arecibo faster than Ponce. The three most populous departments are the ones in which the rate of increase was above the average for the whole island. Among the 69 municipal districts into which these departments are subdivided seven decreased in population between 1887 and 1899. As all of them lie on the coast, their situation suggests that the coast dis- Digitized by Microsoft® CENSUS OP PORTO RICO. tricts as a whole may have grown more slowly than the interior of the island. To test this hypothesis the population of the coast districts and of the interior districts has been found separately for 1887 and 1899 with the following results: Number. Population in — Increase. 1887. 1899. Absolute. Per cent. 40 29 487, 704 310, 861 573,484 379, 759 85,780 68, 898 17.6 22.2 From these figures it appears that the average increase of population in the interior has been more rapid than that on the coast. If the figures for the coast cities of San Juan, Ponce, and Mayaguez had been excluded, the difference would be yet more marked. The de- pressed condition of sugar-cane growing in the West Indies of recent years may have played an important part in producing this difference, for the growing of sugar cane is prevalent in the coast plains of Porto Rico. The area of Porto Rico, including the adjacent and dependent islands of Vieques, Culebra, Mona, and Muertos, has been measured in con- nection with this census and found to be 3,606 square miles. But owing to the imperfect surveys on which all maps of Porto Rico are based there must be a considerable and . indeterminate margin of pos- sible error in any such measurement. The island is about three times the size of Long Island, which was in 1890 perhaps the largest insular division of the United States. It is also slightly greater than the east- ern shore of Maryland (3,461 square miles). The relative sizes of the larger West Indies are as follows: Cuba, the greatest, is about equal in area to all the rest combined. Haiti, the second, is about two -thirds the size of Cuba, while on the other hand it is seven times the size of Jamaica and eight times the size of Porto Rico. Porto Rico, again, is more than double the size of the fifth island, Trinidad, which is itself about three times the size of the sixth island, Guadeloupe. The area, population, and density of population of the seven depart- ments of Porto Rico are given below. Department. Guayama Humacao * Ponce Arecibo Bayamon Mayaguez Aguadilla Porto Eico -■ Digitized by Miciu^oft® Area in .square miles. 561 413 822 621 542 407 240 :, 606 Population October 16, 111,986 88,501 203, 191 162,308 160,046 127, 566 99, 645 Persons to a square mile. 953,243 200 214 247 261 295 313 415 8 CENSUS OF POETO EICO. Porto Rico has 264 persons-to a square mile. This density of popu- lation is about the same as in Massachusetts, twice that in New York State, and thrice that in Ohio. 1 It is more than seven times that of Cuba and not much less than twice that of Habana province. The table puts in a clear light the slight difference between the vari- ous departments. Aguadilla has hardly more than twice as many people to a square mile as Guayama. In Cuba, on the contrary, Habana province has over nineteen times as many people to a square mile as Puerto Principe. This remarkable evenness of settlement in Porto Rico extends to the sixty-nine municipal districts." The least settled district has 58. persons to a square mile, or about the same number as Indiana. The densities of these districts range about 264, the density for the island, and depart from it by an average amount of 106 units, or 40 per cent of that number. On comparing the preceding table with an earlier one showing the rate of increase in each province during the past twelve years, it will be seen that the two departments, the population of which has been increasing most rapidly, are two of the four in which the density of population is below the mean for the island. This suggests that the evenness of settlement now so conspicuous is not decreasing, but rather the reverse. The table shows also that each department along the northern coast is more thickly settled than is the department immediately south .of it, viz, Bayamon than Guayama, Arecibo than Ponce, and Aguadilla than Mayaguez. But, as the watershed lies well to the south of the department boundaries, it can not be inferred with certainty from the figures given that the northern slope of the island is better settled or growing more rapidly than the southern. URBAN POPULATION. The people of Porto Rico are, in the main, a rural community. There are no large cities in the island, the two largest being San Juan, which, regarding the entire municipal district as a city, had a popula- tion of 32,048, and Ponce, which with its port constituted practically one city, with a population of 27,952. These are the only two cities exceeding 25,000 inhabitants. The next city of magnitude is Maya- guez, on the west coast, with a population of 15,187. The only other city exceeding 8,000 inhabitants is Arecibo, with a population of 8,008. The total urban population of the island contained in cities exceeding 8,000 inhabitants each is 83,195, or only 8.7 per cent of the popula- tion of the island. This is a much smaller proportion than in Cuba, where the corresponding figures are 32.3 per cent, or in the United States, where the corresponding proportion in 1890 was 29.2 per cent. There are in Porto Rico 57 cities, each having a population of 1,000 'These States had the following density of population in 1890: Massachusetts, 278; New York, 126; Ohio, 90. Digitized by Microsoft® CENSUS OF PORTO RICO. 9 or more. The total urban population of the island, under this defini- tion, numbers 203,792, or 21.4 per cent of the total number of inhabi- tants of the island. Similar figures for Cuba show 47.1 per cent of the population of that island. The number of urban inhabitants in each department of Porto Rico, with the proportion which each bears to the total population of the department, is shown in the following table: Departments. Total popula- TJrban popula- tion. Percent- age ur- ban to total. Aguadilla . Areoibo Bayamon . . Guayama . . Humacao.. Mayaguez . Ponce 99, 645 162, 308 160, 046 111, 986 88', 501 127,566 203, 191 15, 518 21,166 46, 728 26,829 18,219 29,463 45,869 15.6 13.0 29.2 24.0 20.6 23.1 22.6 953,243 203, 792 21.4 From the above it is seen that the smallest proportion of the urban population is in the department of Arecibo, where it constitutes 13 per cent of all the inhabitants. From this it ranges to 29. 2 per cent in Bayamon department. The range in the proportion among the different departments is small as compared with the corresponding range in Cuba. The following table, numbered I, presents the total population by departments, municipal districts, and barrios, or wards. It is fol- lowed by Table II, presenting the population of all cities of 1,000 or more inhabitants: . Table I. DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILLA. Total population 99, 645 Aguada District 10, 581 Atalaya and Jagfley 1, 195 Carrizal and Espinal 1,010 Cerro Gordo 843 Cmces, Guayabo, and Rio Grande 1 , 533 Lagunas 753 Mal-paso and Guanabanas 723 Mamey 558 Marias 746 Naranjo 923 Piedras Blancas and Asomante 1, 162 Eosario, California, and Guanaguilla. 1, 135 Aguadilla District 17, 830 Aguacate and Arenales 991 Barrio Nuevo 1, 537 Borinquen 1, 271 Caimital bajo 943 Digitized by Microsoft® Aguadilla District— Continued. Camaseyes 1 , 633 Ceiba alta and Ceiba baja 1, 033 Corral es and Caimital alto 1, 158 Guerrero 638 - Iglesia and Higiley 1,756 Malesas alta . . . Malesas baja .. Montana Palmar Santa Barbara. Tamarindo Victoria 784 905 C33 700 1,502 1,630 716 Isabela District 14, f Arenales altos 1, 559 Arenales bajos 833 Bajura 647 Bejucos 1,257 10 CENSUS OF POETO BIOO. DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILLA— Continued. Isabela District^Continued. Coto 1,349 Galateoalto 1,063 Galateobajo 700 Guayabos 818 Guerrero 753 Jobos 1, 551 Llanadas 1, 564 Mora 972 Planas 936 Pueblo 881 Lares District 20,883 Bartolo 2,035 Buenos- Aires 1, 449 Callejones 2,152 Espino 1,148 Lares ,1,964 Latorre 2,008 Mirasol 1,027 Pezuela 1,010 Piletas 2,455 Poblacion 2, 264 Pueblo - 1,450 RioPrieto 1,931 Moca District 12,410 Aeetuna 1,067 Capa 898 Centra 601 Cerro Gordo 1,008 Cruz 954 Cuchillas 1, 552 Marias 1,062 Moca District-Continued. Naranjo Plata Pueblo Rocha Valadoras 663 1,470 902 1,267 Rineon District Barrero and Atalaya . Calvache Cruz Ensenada Jaguey Pueblo Puntas Rio Grande 6,641 1,157 708 770 674 576 1,074 1,006 676 San Sebastian District 16,412 Aibohito Altosano and Sonador Calabazas Guacio Guajataca and Cibao Guatemala and Bahomamey . Hato arriba Hoyamala Juncal Magos and Eneas Mirabeles . Perehas No. 1 and 2 Piedras Blancas and Cidra Pozas and Culebrinas Roblesand Salto Urejolaand Norzagaray 993 862 746 562 1,169 1,126 663 1,215 761 1,003 404 1,429 1,125 1,008 1,646 1,700 DEPARTMENT OF ARECIBO. Total population . Arecibo District 36,910 Arecibo City... Arenalejos Arrozal Cambalache . . . Carrera Domingo Ruiz. Dominguito . . . Esperanza Factor Garrochales ... Hatoabajo Hato arriba Hato viejo Islote Miraflores Rio arriba Sabana Hoyos . Santana Tanama 1,228 1,662 470 676 931 1,093 2,843 1,072 950 1,869 1,751 2,588 2,498 1,416 1,709 3,568 1,555 1,023 Barceloneta District. Barceloneta Florida adentro . Florida afuera. . . Garrochales Palmasaltas Camuy District Abra honda . . . Camuy arriba . Camuy Cienega Cibao Membrillo Piedra Gorda. . Puente Puertos Quebrada Santiago •.. Yeguada , Zanja 1,459 2,002 3,579 1,058 1,259 10,887 1,420 774 711 695 769 895 718 419 1,213 657 794 833 Digitized by Microsoft® CENSUS 01' P0KT0 RICO. DEPARTMENT OP ABJECIBO— Continued. 11 Ciales District 18, 115 Ciales 1,356 Cialitos 2,522 Cordillera 1,425 Fronton 3,706 HatoViejo 1,800 Jagua 1, 264 Pesa 994 Pozas 2,796 Toro Negro 2,252 Hatillo District 10,449 Albonito 1, 606 Bayaney 1,394 Capaez 1,016 Carrizales 969 Corcovados 1, 065 Hatillo 676 Naranjito 966 Pajuil 130 Pueblo 669 Yeguadilla occidental 963 Yeguadilla oriental 995 Manati District 13,989 Bajura adentra. 881 Bajura afuera 739 Coto 2,110 Manati City 4,494 Rio arriba Poniente 1,862 Rio arriba Saliente 1, 593 Tierras nuevas Poniente 1 , 534 Tierras nuevas Saliente 776 Morovis District 11, 309 Barahona 854 Cuchillas 716 Franquiz 695 Monte Llano 466 Morovis Norte -- 821 Morovis Sur 487 Morovis 1, 064 Pasto 1,314 Perchas 1,124 Morovis District — Continued. Rio Grande San Lorenzo Torrecillas Unibon Vaga 572 643 828 Quebradillas District 7,432 Cacaos 1,066 Charcas 330 Cocos 978 Guajataca 666 Quebradillas 1,166 San Antonio 1, 760 San JOsiS 087 Terranova 779 Utuado District 43, 860 Angeles 2,456 Arenas 1,577 Caguana 2,555 Caniaco 631 Caonillas 2,378 Consejo 929 DonAlonso , 1,610 Gu'aonico 771 Jayuya abajo 3,597 Jayuya arriba 5,700 Limon P57 Mameyas 4, 268 Palmas, Las 647 PasoPalma 1,317 Rio Abajo 1,235 Roncador 1,130 Sabana Grande 1, 053 Salto abajo 836 Sal to arriba. . .' 855 Santa Isabel 875 Santa Rosa 793 Tetuan 1,678 Utuado City 3,619 Vivi abajo 1, 253 Vivi arriba 1,240 DEPARTMENT OE BAYAMON. Total population 160, 046 Bayamon District 19,940 Buena Vista ■ 1,028 Camarones 620 Catafio 2, 331 845 851 837 681 763 Cerro Gordo Dajaos Guaraguaos abajo Guaraguaos arriba Guaraguaos de Guaynabo . Guaynabo Bayamon District— Continued. HatoTeja 1,358 Juan Sanchez 926 Minillas 1,000 Nuevo 1, 123 Pajaros 1, 492 Palmas 406 Pueblo 2,218 Pueblo Viejo 480 Santa Olaya 1,100 Santa Rosa 6S7 Sonadora "29 Digitized by Microsoft® 12 CENSUS OF PORTO RICO. DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON— Continued. Carolina District 11,965 Borrasas alto Borrasas bajo Cacao .. 1, Cangrejos Canovanillas Carruzos Cedros Hoyo-Mulas 1, Martin Gonzalez Pueblo 2, Sabana abajo San Antonio Santa Cruz Trujillo Corozal District 11, Abras 1,183 Cibrico 1,098 Cuehfflas 585 Dos Bocas 909 Magueyes y Palmarito 849 Maria 1,133 ' Negros 818 Padilla 840 Palmarejos 901 Palmarito 770 PalosBlancos 1,367 Pueblo 1,057 Dorado District. Higuillar . Mameyal . Pueblo ... Rio Lajas. 737 820 764 169 937 377 Loiza District 12, 522 Canovanas... Cubey Hato-Puerco. Lomas 1,942 1,225 3,139 1,614 Mediania 2, 296 Pueblo • 833 Torrecillas 1, 473 Naranjito District . ,101 Achiote 1, 094 Anones 1 , 420 Corozal abajo 977 Corozal arriba 915 Guachana 1, 006 Loinas 994 Nuevo 1, 081 Pueblo 614 Eio Grande District 12, 365 Cienega 1,610 Guzman abajo 1,378 Rio Grande District— Continued. Guzman arriba 1, 047 HatoViejo 473 Herrera 221 Jimenez 1, 77? Mameyes 2, 070 Matade Platano 717 Pueblo 1,283 Zabana 600 Zarzal 1,191 Rio Piedras District 13, 760 Caimito alto 779 Caimito bajo 927 Cupey 1,834 Frailes 562 Hato Nuevo 683 , Hato Rey 1,324 Mamey 636 Monacillo 1, 295 Pueblo 2,249 Quebrada Arenas 716 Rio 651 Sabana Liana 1, 644 Tortugo 460 San Juan District 32,048 Ballaja 1, 217 Caleta . 3, 307 Catedral , 2, 497 Marina 2, 144 Mercado 2, 038 Puerta de Tierra . . .' 5, 453 San Cristobal 3,131 San Francisco 1, 177 Santurce 5, 840 Teatro 2,592 Institutions 2, 652 Toa Alta District . Contorno Galatea Mucarabon Ortiz Pinas Pueblo Quebrada Arenas Quebrada Cruz abajo. Rio Lajas 653 606 954 948 841 991 777 ,165 973 Toa Baja District. Candelaria ... Media Luna . . Pueblo Sabana Seca.. ,300 737 Trujillo Alto District 5,683 Carraiza . . . Cuevas Dos Bocas . 1,159 Digitized by Microsoft® CENSUS OF PORTO RICO. DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON— Continued. 13 Trujillo Alto District— Continued. Pueblo 1,025 Quebrada Grande 955 Quebrada Inflerno 1, 487 Vega Alta District 6, 107 Bajura 749 Candelaria 863 Espinosa ... t 781 Maricao 741 Novillo 982 Pueblo 1,081 Sabana 910 Vega Baja District 10,305 Algarrobo 877 Almirante Norte' 902 Almirante Sur 847 Cabo Caribe 277 Ceiba 469 Cibuco 310 Pueblo 2,288 Puerto Nuevo 706 Pugnado Adentro 425 Pugnado Afuera 1, 336 Quebrada Arenas 348 Rio arriba and Rio abajo 1, 092 Yeguada 428 DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA. Total population Ill, 986 Aguas Buenas District 7,977 Bairoa and Jagiieyes 1,099 Bayamoncito 765 Caguitas 856 Juan Asencio 1,029 Mulitas 752 Pueblo 1,309 Sonadora and Mulas 1, 183 Sumidero 984 Arroyo District 4, 867 Guasimas, Palmas, and Ancones 596 Laurel 1,333 Pitahaya 801 Pueblo 2,137 Caguas District 19,857 Beatriz 868 Borinquen and Bairoa 3, 870 Caflabon 1,309 Canaboncito 1, 400 Pueblo 5,450 RioCanas 1,336 San Antonio 887 San Salvador, 1,605 Tomasde Castro 1,575 Turabo .' 1,557 Cayey District 14,442 Beatriz and Guavate 853 Cercadillo and Lapa 1, 047 Jacomealto 1,246 Jacome bajo and Sumido 961 Pedro Avila and Pasto viejo 886 Piedra and 11 n ton abajo 965 Pueblo 3,763 Quebrada arriba, Culebras bajo, and Culebrasalto 914 Rincon and Monte Llano 1, 374 Toita and Maton arriba 1, 390 Cayey District — Continued. Vegas, Farallon, and Cedro 1, 043 Cidra District 7, 552 Bayamon and Monte Llano 1, 222 Beatriz and Arenas 997 Ceiba and Rio abajo 1, 100 Hondura and Toita 800 Pueblo 1,034 Rabanal and Soto 1, 498 Sur and Rincon 901 Comerio District 8, 249 Cidrito and Cejas 1, 158 Dona Elena 1, 460 Palomas 1,091 Pinas and Vega 1, 373 Pueblo 1,191 Naranjo 815 Rio Hondo 1,161 Guayama District 12, 749 Caimital 60S Carite 834 Carmen 781 Guamani 1 , 360> Jobos 1,186 Machete 368 Palmas 1,230 Pozo-Hondo and Algarrobo 1, 080 Pueblo 5,334 Gurabo District 8,70ft Celada 964 Hato Nuevo 1,361 Jagua 868 Jagual and Masas 1, 27C Mamey . * 680 Pueblo 1,309 Quebrada Inflerno and Navarro 1, 093 Rincon 1,155 Digitized by Microsoft® 14 CENSUS OF PORTO RICO. DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA— Continued. Juncos District . , 8,429 Ceiba Norte and Ceiba Sur 1, 408 Guarabo arriba and Caimito 1, 295 Lirios 815 Mamey and Gurabo abajo 1,679 Pueblo 2,026 Valenciano abajo and Valenciano arriba 1, 206 Salinas District 5,731 Aguirre 1, 291 Lapa 1,019 Palma and Quebrada Yeguas 981 Pueblo 1,192 Salinas District— Continued. Rio Jueyes San Lorenzo District. Cerro Gordo Espino Florida Hato Jagual Pueblo Quebrada Quebrada Arena . . Quebrada Eonda. Quemado 1,452 1,522 807 1,028 1,024 2,084 1,193 1,452 1,616 1,255 DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO. Total population 88,501 Fajardo District 16, 782 Cabezas and Demajagua 1, 168 Ceibaand Machose 1,214 Chupacallos and Saco 1, 109 Fajardo 8, 414 Florencio and Quebrada Vuelta 1,289 Juan Martinez andSabana 1,029 Pitahaya 1, 103 Poblado de Luquillo 903 Quebrada Fajardo 888 Quebrada Seca and Guayacan 820 Rio abajo 1,021 Rio abajo and Daguao 1, 099 . Rio arriba 726 Sardinero and Naranjo 999 Humacao District 14,313 Anton Ruiz Buena Vista Candelero abajo. . . Candelero arriba . . CataSoand Mabor. 987 985 972 811 1,179 Collores 1,016 Manbiehe and Rio abajo '. 1, 289 Mariana 1, 296 Playa 646 San Juan , 1,169 Santiago and San Francisco 1,754 Santo Domingo 1,505 Teja 704 Maunabo District 6,221 Calzada and Lizas 1,233 Emajagua 828 Maluyas bajoand alto 941 Palo-seco 802 Pueblo 1,277 Quebrada Arenas and Talante 1, 140 Naguabo District Daguao Duque J Hucares Maizarnes Mariana Pena-pobre Pueblo Rio Blanco abajo Rio Blanco arriba Santiago Luna and Rio. Patillas District 10,873 756 1,238 826 1,060 1,280 1,064 1,812 976 959 902 11, 163 1,198 1,018 928 1,013 1,249 1,189 823 1,590 1,080 1,075 Piedras District 8,602 Colores and Boqueron 1,528 Montones abajo 899 Montones arriba 937 Pueblo and Quebrada Arenas 1, 449 Rio abaj o l, 122 Rio arriba l, 028 Tejas alto 948 Vegas abaj o 691 Vieques District 6, 642 Culebra Island 704 Mosquito and Llave..„ 1,069 Pueblo- and Florida. 2, 646 Puerto Real abajo 636 Puerto Real arriba 708 Punta Arenas, Puerto Ferro, and Puer- to Diablo 879 Bajo and Jacaboa Cacao alto and Jagual Cacao bajo and Quebrada arriba . Guardarraya ; Mamey and Apeadero Maton and Guayabote Mulas 1 Pueblo Rio Arriba Rios and Polios Digitized by Microsoft® CENSUS OF PORTO RICO. DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO— Continued. 15 Yabucoa District 13,905 Aguacate Galabazas Camino Nuevo . Guayabota Guayanes 1,374 1,891 1,435 904 801 Yabucoa District — Continued. Jacana Juan Martin Limones Playa Pueblo Teja 1,101 1,473 1,139 1,016 1,838 DEPARTMENT OP MAYAGUEZ. Total population 127,566 Afiasco District (Mayaguez) 13, 311 Afiasco arriba and Afiasco abajo ] , 027 Caguaboand Playa 1,156 Cercado, Rio-ariba, and Casey-abajo. 1,019 Cerro-gordo and Corcovado 1, 159 Cuarteles primero and tercero 1, 149 Cuarteles segundo and cuarto 1, 334 Daguey and Humatas 938 Espino, Cidra, and Carreras 1, 281 Hatillo and Caracol 1,030 Marias and Quebrada Larga 923 Ovejas, Casey. arriba and Rio Caflas. . 1, 257 PiSales 1,038 Cabo Rojo District 16, 154 Bajura 1,218 Boqueron 1, 185 Guanajivo 1, 074 Llanos Costa 867 Llanos Tuna 2,976 Miradero 2,011 Monte Grande 2,019 Pedemales 2,060 Pueblo 2,744 Hormigueros District 3,215 Hormigueros and Jaguitas 965 Lavadero and Benavente 1, 047 Pueblo and Guanajibo 1, 203 Lajas District 8, 789 Candelaria 1,008 Costa and Parguera 1,256 Lajas arriba 1, 152 Palmarejo and Llanos 1, 160 Paris 875 Pueblo 1,385 Sabana Yeguas 938 Santa Rosa and Plata 1,015 Las Marias District 11,279 AltoSongo 885 Anones 1, 251 Bucarabones 761 Buenavista 1,120 Cerrote 864 Chamorro and Espino 986 Naranjales and Furnias 1 , 255 Digitized by Microsoft® Las Marias District — Continued. Palma Escrita Pueblo and Mara villa Purisima Concepcion Rio Cafias 1,143 1,235 1,007 772 Maricao District 8, 312 Bucarabones . . . Tndieraalta Indiera baja Indiera Frios . . . Maricao afuera. Montosa Pueblo 1,351 1,145 933 1,165 1,390 1,146 1,179 35, 700 1,054 1,019 2,609 4,585 1,032 1,041 1,228 870 1,611 2,934 2,187 1,268 Mayaguez District Algarrobo Bateyes Candelaria Carcel Guanajiro Juan Alonzo Leguisamo Limon Marina Meridional Marina Septentrional Mayaguez arriba Miradero Mona, island Montoso Quebrada Grande Quemado , Rio Rio Cafias abajo... Rio Cafias arriba and Naranjales. Rio Hondo and Malezas..' Rosario Sabalo Sabanitas Salud Sabana Grande District 10,560 1,035 952 1,722 1,095 1,048 1,072 852 2,365 1,401 1,726 Machuchal Pueblo Rayo Rincon Santana Susua and Torre. Tabonuco 2,531 1,222 1,244 921 1,755 1,888 16 CENSUS OF PORTO RICO. DEPARTMENT OF MA YAGUEZ— Continued. San German District 20,246 Cain alto 1, 643 Cain bajo 942 Cotiii 811 Duey bajo 943 Guama 1, 188 Hoournico alto 943 Hocurnico bajo 1, 047 Minillas 1,657 Pueblo central 1, 493 San German District^Continued. Pueblo occidental Pueblo oriental Retiro Rosario alto Rosario bajo Rosario Peflon and Duey alto. Sabana Eneas and Ancones Sabana Grande abajo Tuna and Maresua 821 . 1,640 983 811 1,027 1,100 1,132 1,021 1,044 DEPARTMENT OP PONCE. Total population 203,191 Adjuntas District (Dept. of Ponce) 19,484 Capaez 1,266 Garzas 1,425 Guayabo Dulce 1, 055 Guayo and Vega abajo 1, 275 Guilarte 1,019 Juan Gonzalez and Portugues 1, 235 Limani 1, 075 Pellejas 1,521 Portillo 1,271 Pueblo 1,963 Saltillo 2,098 Tanama 752 Vegas arriba 1, 159 Yahuecas 1, 710 Yayales 660 Aibonito District 8, 596 Algarroboand Llano 1,226 Asomante and Caunillas 1,245 Cuyon 1,027 Norte and Sur 2, 085 Pasto and Roble 1, 459 Plata 1,554 Barranquitas District 8, 103 Barrancas 692 Cafiabon 1, 117 Helechal 1,485 Honduras 862 Palo truncado 1, 299 Pueblo 666 Quebrada grande 931 Quebradillas 1,051 Barros District 14, 845 Ala de la Piedra and Orocovis 1, 403 Barros 987 Bauta abajo 1, 603 Bermejales 1,317 Botijas 891 Colloresand Cacaos 1,588 Damian abaj o 922 Barros District — Continued. Damian arriba Gato Pellejas and Bauta arriba . Pueblo Sabana and Mata de cafia. Saltos 876 1,331 962 1,089 1,037 Coamo District 15, 144 Coamo arriba Cuyon and Palmarejo. Ermita Este and Oeste Hayales Llanos Pasto Pedro Garcia Pulguillas , San Ildefonso Santa Catalina , 1,223 1,397 1,400 1,844 989 1,064 1,272 1,697 1,142 1,252 1,864 Guayanilla District 9,540 Barreroand Macana Indios and Boca Jagua and Concejo Llano and Quebradas Magasand Playa Pasto Pueblo , Quebrada-honda and Jagua-Pasto. Sierra baja Juana Diaz District 1,154 782 1,162 977 962 1,276 973 1,467 787 Amuelas Capitanejo Caunilla abajo Caunilla arriba Cintrona Collores Este and Oeste Guayabal; Hato-Puerco abaj o Hato-Puerco arriba Jaeaguas and Callabo Lomas and Sabana Liana . 27, 896 1,010 1,338 1,558 2,200 1,132 2,835 941 2,034 991 1,496 936 938 Digitized by Microsoft® CENSUS OF PORTO RICO. DEPARTMENT OF PONCE— Continued. 17 Juana Diaz District— Continued. Norte and Sur 1 305 Rio Cairns abajo 1 066 Rio Canas arriba 990 Tijeras and Emajagiial 1, 005 Vacas 1 341 Villalba abajo 1 363 Villalba arriba 2 917 Pefiuelas District 12 129 Barreal g22 Cuevas and Tallaboa Saliente 940 Encarnacion and Coto 1,271 Jagua 971 Macana 1 025 Pueblo 1 129 Quebrada Ceiba 1,006 Rucio 2,233 Santo Domingo 812 Tallaboa alta 946 Tallaboa Poniente 874 Ponce District 55, 477 An6n 1,734 Barrio primero 1, 592 Barrio segundo 5, 866 Barrio tercero 1,808 Barrio cuarto 3,364 Barrio quinto 4,511 Bucana-Vayas ] , 315 Caja de Muertos (island) 64 Canas 2,680 Cantera 5,321 Capitanejo 1,161 Cerrillos 518 Coto-Laurel 1 , 884 Guaragnaos 1, 771 Machuelo abajo 1,893 Machuelo arriba 1, 413 Magueyes 1,171 Maragiiez 1, 756 Ponce District— Continued. Maruefio 1 105 Montez Llanos 964 Playa (port) 4,660 Portugues 1,050 Quebrada Limon 547 Real 1 440 Sabanetas 1, 065 San Anton 963 San Patricio . . 1, 217 Tibes 1,878 Institutions 766 Santa Isabel District 4, 858 Boca, Velazquez, and Descalabrado . 1,033 Felicia No. 1 and No. 2 1, 130 Jauca No. 1 and No. 2 1,553 Pueblo and Playa 1, 142 Yaui'0 District 27, 119 Aguas Blancas 1, 170 Algarrobos 952 Almacigo bajo 793 Barinas 1,432 Collores 893 Duey 1,264 Frailes 919 Guanica 2, 700 Insua alta and Ciego Hernandez 1, 171 Insua baja 811 Jacana and Almacigo alto 1,077 Naranjo 1,358 Pueblo Norte 3, 564 PuebloSur 2,544 Quebradas 1, 009 Rancheras 1, 220 RioPrieto 799 Rubias 627 Sierra alta 1,411 Vegas and Caimito 1, 405 Table II. CITIES. City. Department. Popula- tion. Adjuntas Aguada Aguadilla Aguas Buenos Aibonita Afiasco Arecibo Arroyo Bayamon Barcelonita 24664r-No. 1- Ponce Aguadilla do Guayama. Ponce .... Mayaguez Arecibo.. . Guayama. Bayamon. Arecibo. . . 1,963 1,135 6,425 1,309 2,085 2,483 8,008 2,137 2,218 1,459 Digitized by Microsoft® 18 CENSUS OF PORTO EIOO. CITIES— Continued. City. Cabo Rojo . Carolina Cayoy Ceiba Ciales Cidra Coamo Comercio Corozal Fajardo Guayama Gurabo Humacao Juana Diaz Juncos Lajas Lares Manati Manuabo Maricao Mayaguez Moca Morovis Naguabo Patillas Pefiuelas Ponce Quebradillas ... Rincon Rio Grande Rio Piedras Sabana Grande. Salinas San German San Juan San Lorenzo San Sebastian . . Santa Isabel Toa, baja Trujillo, alto Utuado Vega, alta Vega, baja- Viequez Yabacoa Yauco Department. Mayaguez . Guayama. . Bayamon.. Guayama.. Humacao.. Arecibo Guayama.. Ponce Guayama.. Bayamon.. Humacao.. Guayama.. Guayama- . Humacao.. Ponce Guayama. . Mayaguez . Aguadllla . Arecibo ... Humacao. . Mayaguez . do Aguadilla . Arecibo ... Humacao . do Ponee do Arecibo . . . Aguadilla . Bayamon.. do Mayaguez . Guayama . Mayaguez . Bayamon.. Guayama.. Aguadilla . Ponce Bayamon.. do Arecibo Bayamon.. do Humacao. . do Ponce Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, TAKEN UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE WAR DEPARTMENT, U. S. A. BULLETIN NO. II. POPULATION BY AGE, SEX, RACE, NATIVITY, CONJUGAL CONDITION, AND LITERACY. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1900. Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® "War Department, Porto Rican Census, Office of the Director, Washington, June 20, 1900. Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith Bulletin No. II, which presents the population of Porto Rico in the seven departments, classi- fied by sex, race, and nativity; by age and sex; by conjugal condition; by birthplace and citizenship; and by literacy, school attendance, and superior education. Very respectfully, J. P. Sanger, Ins. Gent., Director Census of Porto Rico. Hon. Elihit Root, Secretary of War, Washington, D. V. 3 Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® CENSUS OF PORTO RICO. SEX. In a total population of 953,243 Porto Rico had 8,721 more females than males, an excess amounting to 0. 9 per cent of the total popula- tion. In 1887 the excess of females in the de jure population was only 478, and in the de facto population the males were 523 in excess. In 1861 the males outnumbered the females by 9,653, or 1.7 per cent of the total population. It appears thus that the proportion of females is slowly increasing. An excess of that sex was found in six of the seven departments into which the island is divided. The following table gives the absolute excess of males or females in each department and the ratio which this excess bears to the total population of the department: Department. Absolute excess of— Males. Females. Eatio of excess to total population. Males. Females. Bayamon. . Mayaguez . Guayama. . Aguadilla . Humacao.. Arecibo Ponce 3,588 2,066 1,554 1,197 533 506 2.2 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.6 0.3 723 0.4 Porto Rico In no department did the excess of females equal the average excess of males in the island of Cuba (3. 6 per cent) or the excess of females found in many other West India islands. As a marked inequality of the two sexes is' usually a result and evidence of considerable migra- tion into or away from the district under consideration, so an approxi- mate equality in the number of the two sexes, both in the island as a whole and in its several departments, is probably connected with the slight amount of immigration, emigration, or migration within the island, and also with the small urban population, since an urban popu- lation usually contains a decided excess of females. The two depart- ments in which the ratio of males was highest are also the two which 5 Digitized by Microsoft® 6 are growing most rapidly. This may point to some immigration of males to Ponce and Arecibo from other parts of Porto Rico. When the several municipal districts are examined with regard to the proportion of the two sexes, the three small outlying islands are found to have an excess of males, but among the sixty-eight districts of Porto Rico proper it appears that the coast districts in rather more cases than the inland add upland districts had an excess of females, as seen by the following table: Total number. Number with ex- cess of— Males. Females. 39 29 11 15 28 14 68 26 42 Of the inland districts one-half and of the coast districts only about one-fourth had an excess of males. In the coast districts 48.5 per cent of the population were male, while in the inland districts 51 per cent were male. The three coast cities, San Juan, Ponce, and Mayaguez, collectively, contained 48.5 per cent of males, or the same as for the coast districts as a whole. The percentage of males, therefore, in the inland districts was perceptibly higher than along the coast. Subsequent tables of this census may throw light upon the causes of this difference. AGE. In Table II the ages of the population are presented in five age groups, and in Table V the number under 10 years of age is also given. By means of these two, therefore, the population is distributed into six age groups, viz: Under 5, 5 to 9, 10 to 17, 18 to 20, 21 to 44, and 45 or over. The population under 10 years of age was 31 per cent of the total. For the United States it was in 1890 only 24 per cent, and among the colored population of the United States it was only 28 per cent. In Cuba it falls as low as 22.7 per cent. In Porto Rico the ratio for children was higher than that for any State in the Union, and was ex- ceeded in the United States only among the colored population of Texas (31.6) and South Carolina (31.8). The proportion was higher than in India (29 per cent) or in any country of western Europe, and probably higher than in any other of the West India islands. In Barbados the children under 10 were but little over 27 per cent of the population. The proportion of children of an age to go to school, viz, 5 to 17, was also high, though not quite, so high as in Cuba. The population Digitized by Microsoft® between these ages was in the United States 29.6 per cent, in Porto Rico 33.8 per cent, and in Cuba 35.2 per cent of the population of all ages. The persons over 45 years of age in Porto Rico were only 11.8 per cent of the entire population. This is in marked contrast to the United States, where persons over 45 were 17.2 per cent of the total population, and also to other countries. Thus in India this class was nearly 15 per cent and in Cuba 14.2 per cent of the total popu- lation. There is no State east of the Mississippi in which the propor- tion of elderly persons was so low, and it is only in newly settled and yery rapidly growing States, like North Dakota and Wyoming, that the figures for Porto Rico are equaled. This small proportion of elderly persons in Porto Rico is an indica- tion of the short average duration of life, caused by inferior vitality and unhealthy and unsanitary conditions. Among the colored popu- lation of Arizona, more than half of whom were civilized Indians, and among whom similar conditions exist, the persons over 45 are only 9 per cent of the total. RACE. Porto Rico had 59,390 negroes, 304,352 persons of mixed blood, and 75 Chinese, making a total colored population of 363,817, or 38.2 per cent of the total population. With regard to the proportion of col- ored, the conditions in Porto Rico resemble those in Cuba and the southern United States rather than the other West Indian islands. The proportion of colored was almost the same as in Virginia (38.4 per cent) or the South Atlantic States (36.9 per cent) in 1890, some- what higher than the proportion in Cuba in 1899 (33.1 per cent), and differed widely from Jamaica, the Leeward Islands, and the Bar- bados, in all of which the colored population at the latest censuses was over 90 per cent of the total. The absolute numbers of the white and colored in each department, and also the proportion that each element makes of the total population, are given in the following table, the departments being arranged in the order of the proportion of whites to the total population: Department. Absolute number of- White. Colored Percentages of — White. Colored. Aguadilla Arecibo Mayaguez Ponce Guayama. . Bayamon.. Humacao. . Total 85,298 125,059 82,044 121, 187 56,805 78,228 40, 805 589, 426 14,347 37,249 45, 522 82, 004 55,181 81,818 47, 696 363,817 85. 6 77.1 64.3 59.6 50.7 61.8 14.4 22.9 35.7 40.4 49.3 51.1 53.9 Digitized by Microsoft® On comparing the order of the departments it will be seen that the proportion of whites decreased and of colored increased from the western to the eastern end of the island; and with the exception of the east central departments of Bayamon and Guayama, in which the pro- portions of the races were not widely different, each department on the northern coast had a smaller proportion of colored than that south of it. Of the municipal districts, 26 of the 69, or 38 per cent, showed an absolute excess of colored population. Of these 26, only 9 were in the interior and 17 were on the coast. Of the population of the 40 coast districts, the colored constituted 41.2 per cent; of the 29 inland districts, only 33.7 per cent. This affords statistical confirmation of the statement in General Davis's report (p. 312) "The negro blood is much more in evidence in the coast towns than in the interior." The proportion of whites in the several municipal districts ranged from 23.8 per cent in Toa Baja to 91 per cent in Camuy. In 1887 the colored population enumerated was 323,632, or 40.5 per cent of the total. The increase in the colored population between 1887 and 1899 was 40,185, or 12.5 per cent, while the white population increased 114,493, or 24.6 per cent. The following table gives the census figures for the total population, the whites and the colored, for each of the three censuses of 1860, 1887, and 1899: Total population and percentage of increase or decrease by race. I860. 1887. 1899. Per cent of increase, 1860-1887. Per cent of increase decrease, 1887-1899. Total population. White population Colored population Negroes Mixed 683, 308 798,565 953,243 6.9 19.4 300, 533 282, 775 474, 933 323, 632 76,985 246,647 589,426 363, 817 59,390 304,352 58.0 14.4 21.4 12.4 -22.8 23.4 Proportion of colored to total. 48.5 0.5 38.2 The figures on the last line show a large diminution in the propor- tion of colored, this element having been reduced in thirty-nine years from 48.5 to 38.2 per cent, a change which is in accord with the ten- dency in Cuba and the United States. NATIVITT. Of the population of Porto Eico 98.5 per cent were native and only 1.5 per cent foreign born. There are few regions in the Western Hemisphere in which the proportion of natives is so high and the pro- portion of foreigners so low. Even the South Atlantic and South Central States as a whole had a greater proportion of foreign born, although eight States in these districts had a proportion of foreigners slightly smaller than Porto Rico. In the other West Indies the percent- Digitized by Microsoft® 9 age ranged from 2 in the Barbados to nearly 45 in Trinidad, and in Cuba ifwas about seven times as great as in Porto Rico. More than half the foreigners in Porto Rico were natives of Spain. There were a few foreign-born colored in the island, doubtless from the other West Indies, constituting about one-sixth of the total for- eigners. CONJUGAL CONDITION. Reference to Table III shows that 69.7 per cent of the people of Porto Rico were single. This ratio is more than 10 per cent higher than that of the United States in 1890 (59.3 per cent). Scarcely any- where outside of the West Indies can a country be found in which the proportion of single is so high. In Spain in 1887 it was 54.6 per cent. Yet the proportion of persons in Porto Rico lawfully married, under Spanish law, is much smaller than these figures indicate, for in the present census there has been recognized a class of persons living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Under the censuses of the island taken by Spain all such persons were classed as single, and for comparison with prior censuses, therefore, this group should be added to the single. On that basis the per cent of single in Porto Rico by successive enumerations has been as follows: 1860, 74.4; 1887, 76; 1899, 78.6. This increasing abstention from legal marriage is probably due in part to increasing poverty and inability to pay the fees, and perhaps also in part to a slow change of social opinion regarding the necessity for legal sanction upon the unions formed. The number of persons in Porto Rico who were either lawfully married or living together as husband and wife by mutual consent formed 25.5 per cent of the popu- lation, while in the United States it was more than 10 per cent higher (35.7). In Porto Rico, as in Cuba, the ratio of persons married and of persons cohabiting by mutual consent varies inversely through the seven departments — that is, where marriage is more common cohabit ing by mutual consent is less common. This is clearly shown in the following table: Married persons and those living together by mutual consent. Department. Per cent of popu- lation married. Per cent of population living to- gether as husband and wife. Total. Aguadilla Arecibo Mayaguez Bayamon Ponce Guayama Humacao Porto Rico Digitized by Microsoft® 20.8 19.1 17.7 15.2 15.2 15.2 13.5 16.6 5.4 7.3 8.2 8.7 9.9 10.4 12.3 8.9 26.2 26.4 25.9 23.9 25.1 25.6 25.8 25.5 10 On comparing the preceding table with an earlier one (p. 7) in which the departments are arranged in the order of the proportion of white blood, a close parallelism will be observed. This shows that cohabitation by mutual consent is probably more common among the colored population of Porto Rico than it is among the whites. In Cuba, also, the same parallelism may be traced with even greater closeness. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE AND ILLITERACY. In Table V the population and the children attending school are divided into two age classes, those under and those over 10, and school children are reported in the two columns. Of the total number attending school two-fifths (39.8 per cent) were under 10, and three- fifths (61.2 per cent) were over 10. In the United States, of the chil- dren attending school in 1890, only 32 per cent were under 10 and 68 per cent over. The difference indicates that in Porto Rico relatively fewer children continue in school after passing 9 years of age. From Table II the number of children in Porto Rico between 5 and 17 years of age is shown to be 322,393. The number who were attending school before reaching the age of 5 or after passing the age of 17 is probably negligibly small. It is therefore fair to compare the number attending school as reported in Table V with the total number of persons between 5 and 17. On that basis it appears that 8.1 per cent of the children between 5 and 17 attended school during the year 1899. Measured by this test it would seem that the school system of Porto Rico reaches about one-half of the proportion of chil- dren reached in Cuba, where 16.3 per cent of the children between 5 and 17 were reported as attending school. The number of children of school age, with the number and per cent reported as attending school, is given in the following table, in which the departments are arranged in the order of the percentage of school attendance: Department. Mayaguez Bayamon Guayama Ponee Humacao Aguadilla Areeibo Porto Rico Children 5 to 17 years of age. Number reported as attend- ing school. 41,688 53, 703 38,537 68,273 30,038 33, 766 56,388 322, 393 Per cent reported as attend- ing school. 4,304 5,207 3,250 5,571 2,403 2,109 3,368 26,212 10.3 9.7 8.4 8.2 8.0 6.3 6.0 8.1 It will be noticed that the departments containing the cities of Mayaguez, San Juan, and Ponce are three of the four provinces with Digitized by Microsoft® 11 percentage of school attendance above the average. This suggests- that in Porto Rico, as in Cuba, the school system is more effective in urban districts, as is shown to be true by the following table: City. Children 5 to 17 years of - age. Number reported as at- tending school. Per cent reported as at- tending school. 8,886 7,904 4,402 1,987 1,900 1,218 27.7 Table V shows also the number of persons 10 years of age and over in Porto Rico who were unable to read. There were 659,294 persons of this age, and of these 509,498, or 77.3 per cent, were unable to read. The per cent is much higher than in Cuba, where only 56.7 per cent were unable to read. With literacy, as with school attendance, the departments of Bayamon, Mayaguez, and Ponce make the best showing, and in this case, as in the former, the explanation is found in the greater efficiency, present and past, of the school system in the three cities. In these cities the per cent of the population over 10 who were unable to read is, for San Juan, 36.4; for Mayaguez, 38.8, and for Ponce, 44.6. When the figures for these cities are subtracted from those for the departments in which they lie, the difference between the departments becomes much less. The following figures show the returns of illiteracy at the censuses of 1860 and 1887 as compared with the present: Census. Popula- tion. Number who can not read. Per cent who can not read. 583,181 806, 708 953, 243 531, 795 695, 328 792,984 91.2 86.2 83.2 These figures show that the proportion of illiterates in the total population has thus decreased from 91 to 83 per cent in forty years. Notwithstanding this slight decrease, the proportion of illiterates in Porto Rico was higher than in any of the States of this Union or any of the other West Indian islands. Guatemala is the only country in the region for which the statistics are obtainable where the proportion of illiterates is higher than in Porto Rico. Digitized by Microsoft® 12 Table I. — Population by sex, general nativity, and color. Total popula- tion. Sex. Native white. Foreign white. Colored. Department. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Agnail ill a ... 99,645 49,224 50,421 41, 776 • 42,787 587 148 6,861 7,486 Arecibo 162,308 80,901 81,407 61,254 62,347 1,121 337 18, 526 18,723 Bay am on 160,046 78,229 81,817 85,901 38,309 3,097 921 39,231 42,587 Guayama 111,986 55,216 56,770 27,619 28,422 653 111 26,944 28,237 Humacao 88,501 43,984 44,517 19,846 20,400 449 110 23,689 24,007 Mayaguez . . . 127, 566 62,750 64,816 39,625 40,939 1,099 381 22,026 23,496 Ponce 203, 191 101, 957 1P1,234 59,282 59,502 1,886 517 40,789 .41,215 Porto Elco. 953,243 472,261 480, 982 285,303 292,706 8,892 2,625 178,066 185,751 Table II. — Population by age and sex. Age and sex. Department. Under 5 years. 5 to 17 years. 18 to 20 years. 21 to 44 years. 45 years and over. Males. Fe- males. Males. Fe- males. Males. Fe- males. Males. Fe- males. Males. Fe- males. 8,320 13, 207 12, 786 9,485 7,456 9,558 15, 962 7,851 12, 606 12,586 9,189 7,131 9,167 15, 099 17,049 28,360 27,048 19, 537 15,419 20,928 34,497 16,717 28,028 26,655 19,000 14, 619 20, 760 33,776 3,155 5,375 5,239 3,596 2,774 4,374 7,065 3,800 6,384 5,904 4,398 3,245 5,171 7,914 14, 730 25,141 24,044 16,282 12,659 20,005 32,602 15,909 25, 626 26, 523 17,740 13,907 21, 199 32,752 5,970 8,8i8 9,112 6,316 5,676 7,885 11,831 6,144 Arecibo 8,763 10, 149 6,443 5,615 8, 519 11,693 Porto Eieo . . 76, 774 73, 629 162,838 159, 555 31, 578 36, 816 145,463 153,656 55,608 57, 326 Table III. — Population by conjugal condition. Department. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual con- sent. Widowed. Unknown. Aguadilla Arecibo Bayamon Guayama Humacao Mayaguez Ponce Porto Rico 68,257 111, 162 114, 476 78,285 61,739 87,294 142,864 20,674 31,027 24,346 17,031 11,962 22,573 30,957 5,385 11,840 13,989 11,608 10,908 10,428 20,083 664,077 158, 570 84,241 5,286 8,249 7,204 5,054 3,825 7,180 9,254 46,052 43 30 31 8 67 91 S3 Digitized by Microsoft® 13 Table TV. — Population by birthplace. Department Birthplace. Porto Rico. Spain. Other coun- tries. Un- known. Aguadilla Arecibo Bayamon Guayama Humacao Mayaguez Ponce Porto Rico 98,867 160,765 155,306 111,082 87,263 125,887 200,201 566 1,267 2,769 595 355 996 1,354 212 276 1,980 309 882 683 1,633 939,371 7,892 5,975 Ta^le V. — Population by sclwol attendance, literacy, and superior education. Under 10 years of age. 10 years of age and over. Superior edu- cation. Department. Attended school. Did not attend school. Attended school. Can neither read nor write. Can readbut can not write. Can read and write. Not stated. Yes. No. 878 1,257 2,312 1,258 948 1,629 2,181 30,460 50,219 46,821 34,978 27,014 34,885 69,109 1,231 2,111 2,895 1,992 1,455 2,675 3,390 56,853 92,036 78,759 60,253 48,965 65,121 107,511 1,161 1,947 3,786 1,331 1,085 2,562 3,508 9,007 14,715 24,747 12,149 8,734 20,628 27,280 55 23 726 25 300 66 212 134 348 1,375 350 400 1,531 907 99,511 161,960 158,671 111,636 88,101 126,035 202,284 Porto Rico . . . 10,463 283,486 15,749 509,498 15,380 117,260 1,407 5,045 948,198 Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® )Er 11 i9oo) ^ CENSUS OF PORTO RICO^HII^ TAKEN UNDER rHE DIRECTION OF THE WAR DEPARTMENT, U. S. A. BULLETIN N"0. III. CITIZENSHIP, LITERACY, AND EDUCATION. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT ..PRINTING. OFFIC IENT .PRINTING OFFICE. LJigitizea By Microsoft® y 1900. y Digitized by Microsoft® War Department, Porto Rican Census, Office of the Director, Washington, August 29, 1900. Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith the manuscript of the third bulletin of the census of Porto Rico, with the request that 9,000 copies be printed for distribution, 1,000 copies to be in Spanish. Very respectfully, J. P. Sanger, Ins. Genl., Director Census of Porto Rico. Hon. Elihu Root, Secretary of War, Washington, D. C. Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® CENSUS OF PORTO RICO. MALES OF VOTING AGE, BY BIRTHPLACE, RACE, AND LITERACY. This bulletin presents a study of the potential voters of Porto Rico classified by race, by country of birth, and by literacy, with a view of determining the effect upon them of making the ability to read and write a condition of the elective franchise. The element of foreign birth in Porto Rico is trifling in number and proportion and is quite uniformly distributed. Among the males of voting age only 3.8 per cent were of alien birth, 2.8 per cent being Spanish. The classification by birthplace and by citizenship shows that the two are practically identical. The people born in Spain or other countries represented on the island have, with few exceptions, retained their alien citizenship. On these accounts it is deemed unnecessary to publish the extended and complicated tables required to present citizenship as well as birthplace. In the following tables the males over 21 are classified as white and colored, and the whites as born in Porto Rico, born in Spain, and born in other countries. Each of these groups is then classified under the following heads: Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With superior education. In the following discussion it is to be understood that illiterates are those who can neither read nor write, the remainder being regarded as literates. The males of voting age in Porto Rico numbered 201,071. Classified by birthplace and race, they were as follows: Number. Per cent. Whites born in Porto Rico Whites born in Spain , Whites born in other countries . Colored 120,295 5,662 2,104 73,010 59.8 2.8 1.0 36.3 Of the whites of Porto Rican birth 35,397 were literate, forming 29.4 per cent of all this class. Of the colored, 12,576 could read, or 17.2 per cent of all the colored. Under this educational qualification, there- fore, the number of those entitled to vote in the island would be 47,973, or 25 per cent of the native-born males of voting age and 24 per cent of all males of voting age. Thus the suffrage would be restricted to about one-fourth of the males of voting age. 5 Digitized by Microsoft® 6 CENSUS OF PORTO RICO. The effect of such a provision upon the people of the several depart- ments is next to be considered. The following table shows the per- centage of males over 21 years of age in each department, classified by birthplace and race: Percentages by nativity and race. Native a,...,,).,., Other white. b P amsn - foreign. Colored. Native. Aguadilla Arecibo... Bayamon. Guayama. Humaeao. Mayag Ponce 84.5 74.2 44.2 50.9 45.5 63.1 57.4 2.0 2.6 5.6 2.1 1.5 2.5 2.3 0.5 0.4 2.1 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.5 13.0 22.8 48.1 46.5 52.3 33.4 38.8 97.5 97.0 92.3 97.4 97.8 96.5 96.2 The last column is formed by the addition of columns 1 and 4 on the assumption that all the colored are natives, an assumption which is very nearly correct. It is seen that the whites of Porto Rican birth range from 44.2 per cent in Bayamon up to 84.5 in Aguadilla; that the persons of Spanish birth range from 1.6 per cent in Humaeao up to 5.6 per cent in Bayamon, and that persons of other foreign birth range from 0.4 per cent in Arecibo up to 2.1 per cent in Bayamon. The high per- centage of persons of Spanish and other foreign birth in this depart ment is due to the fact, of course, that it contains the large and important commercial city of San Juan. The colored range from 13 per cent in Aguadilla up to 52.3 per cent in Humaeao, the latter department having four times as many proportionally as the former. Including the colored, the proportion of males of voting age who were of native birth was smallest in Bayamon, where it was 92.3 per cent, and highest in Humaeao, where it was 97.8 per cent. With the exception of Bayamon, no department contains more than 3.8 per cent of foreign born, Ponce containing this proportion, Mayaguez 3.5, while the other provinces contain less than 3 per cent each. The following table shows in each department the number of native white and of colored literates, with the proportion which literates bear to the total of the class: Numbers and proportions of literates. Literate native whites. Literate colored. Literate foreign whites. Per cent of liter- ates to all males of voting age. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Aguadilla 3,684 5,648 5,205 3,664 2,487 6,179 8,530 20.5 22.4 35.5 32.0 30.0 35.0 33.4 539 979 3,303 1,289 1,240 1,968 3,258 20.1 12.6 20.7 12.3 12.9 21.1 18.9 443 816 2,394 549 365 864 1,533 23 Bayamon 22 S3 Guayama Humaeao Mayaguez 32 30 Digitized by Microsoft® CENSUS OF POKTO EICO. 7 We see that among the native whites the proportion of literates to all native white males of voting age ranged from 20.5 per cent in Aguadilla up to 35.5 per cent in Bayamon. Aguadilla and Arecibo seem to be together with a low percentage of literates, all the other departments containing 30 or more per cent in that class. Among the colored the smallest percentage of literates is found in the department of Guayama, where it is 12.3 per cent; or, in other words, fewer than 1 in 8 could read. From this it ranges up to 21.1 per cent in Mayaguez, at the west end of the island. Here rather more than 1 in 5 was able to read. The fifth column presents the number of literates among those born in Spain and other countries. These figures are given here for the purpose of comparison with the literates of native birth; and show that the latter far outnumber them. Indeed, the only department in which the natives are not many times as numerous as the foreign born is Bayamon, and here the latter are outnumbered in the proportion of 3.5 to 1. The last column gives the proportion which under a literacy quali- fication the number of actual voters will bear to the total number of native-born males over 21 years of age. This per cent ranges from 22 in Arecibo and Humacao up to 33 in Bayamon, which department, therefore, has the proud distinction of possessing the smallest propor- tion of illiterates among its native population. In the cities of San Juan and Ponce is concentrated a considerable part of the foreign element of the island, and here, if anywhere, will the restriction of the suffrage to literates give the foreign born an advantage. It is well, therefore, to examine the conditions in these two cities. The following table shows in the cities of San Juan and Ponce the number of persons 21 years of age and over and who can read among the white natives of the island, the whites of Spanish birth, the whites born in other countries, and the colored. San Juan literates. Ponce literates. Native white Spanish born Born in other countries . Colored 1,925 1,100 592 1,822 2,190 409 268 1,265 It appears that in the city of San Juan the native whites and the colored each outnumber the foreign element, while together they out- number them nearly 2.5 to 1. In Ponce this proportion is even greater, the native whites being more than three times as numerous as the foreign element, while the colored are double its number. Digitized by Microsoft® CENSUS OF PORTO RICO. Males SI years of age and over, classified by place of birth, race, and literacy. SUMMARY BY DEPARTMENTS. Whites born in Porto Rico. Whites born in Spain. Departments. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With supe- rior educa- tion. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With supe- rior educa- tion. 120, 295 84,898 1,305 31,779 2,313 5,662 644 37 4,586 395 Aguadilla Arecibo Bayamon Guayama Humacao Mayaguez 17,497 25,195 14,645 11,508 8,328 17,611 25,511 13,813 19,547 9,440 7,844 5,841 11,432 16,981 158 238 221 123 80 174 311 3,459 5,233 4,487 3,338 2,187 5,307 7,768 67 177 497 203 220 698 451 412 887 1,862 481 287 697 1,036 64 191 148 26 14 79 122' 1 8 17 4 1 1 5 331 658 1,567 427 228 524 851 16 30 130 24 44 93 58 BY MUNICIPAL DISTRICTS. Whites born in Porto Rico. Whites born in Spain. Districts. Total. Can neithei read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and , write. With supe- rior educa- tion. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With supe- rior educa- . tion. 17, 497 13,813 158 3,459 67 412 64 1 331 16 Aguada Aguadilla 1,863 2,808 3,867 2,264 1,085 2,993 2,617 1,566 1,950 3,107 1,863 933 2,370 2,024 29 19 28 15 14 26 32 264 815 721 382 135 586 556 4 16 4 3 11 5 25 94 173 11 9 53 47 4 12 20 1 20- 77 146 9 8 43 28 1 5 7 1 1 1 Rincon San Sebastian.. Ysabela 9 18 1 25,195 19,547 238 6,233 177 887 191 8 658 30 Arecibo Barcelonita 5,514 1,139 1,941 2,707 1,681 1,626 1,724 1,338 7,525 4,021 797 1,547 2,199 1,304 1,255 1,358 986 6,080 72 15 8 15 15 24 20 16 53 1,346 323 364 484 357 321 339 330 1,369 75 4 22' 9 5 26 7 6 23 238 35 79 111 74 87 29 28 206 34 6 45 6 41 8 1 15 35 2. 2 1 1 2 189 '26 29 104 32 73 27 12 166 13 1 4 1 6 1 1 3 Hatillo Quebradillas . . Utuado 14, 645 9,440 221 4,487 497 1,862 148 17 1,567 130 Carolina Corozal i... Dorado 1,981 910 1,283 218 1,087 1,200 987 1,014 2,513 990 200 574 -1,419 652 1,000 121 825 995 692 639 588 747 95 402 . 22 16- 20- 2 16 - 18' 15 11 63 11 2 7 6 12 509 232. •• 261 89 226 180 261 333 1,552 224 99 146 128 247 31 ■ 10- 2 • 6 20 7 19 31 310 8 4 19 8 22 ■ 175- . 68- • ■ ■ 40 21 43 22 44 129 1,177' 17 ' 30 22 12 62 19 5 7 5 4 9 77 3 1 2 1 14 ■ 146 59 39 12 33 19 38 110. 998 14 29' 20 7 43 10 2 1 2 5 2 2 10 88 2 2 4 Naranjito , Rio Grande Rio Piedras San Juan ToaAlta Toa Baja ...... Trujillo Alto .. Vega Alta 50G j 364 1,182 J 901 3 15 Digitl zec/ib. / Miot OSOftQ 9 CENSUS OF PORTO RICO. Males 21 years of age and over, classified by place of birth, race, and literacy. SUMMARY BY DEPARTMENTS. Whites born in other countries. Colored. Total. Can neither read nor ' write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With supe- rior educa- tion. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With supe- rior educa- tion. 2,104 158 11 1,519 416 73,010 60,434 1,094 11, 315 167 106 136 703 103 123 270 663 11 IB 23 9 31 24 44 76 85 542 61 58 165 532 19 34 136 33 33 79 82 2,685 7,741 15, 946 10,506 9,597 9,312 17,223 2,146 6,762 12,643 9,217 8,357 7,344 13, 965 36 103 412 113 104 108 218 498 870 2,848 1,170 1,125 1,809 2,995 5 6 43 6 11 51 45 1 2 1 2 5 BY MUNICIPAL DISTRICTS. Wbites born in other countries. Colored. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With supe- rior educa- tion. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With supe- rior educa- tion. 106 11 76 19 2,685 2,146 36 498 5 5 55 31 5 40 22 297 795 480 250 171 335 357 248 567 407 200 157 265 302 1 21 2 3 1 5 3 48 204 71 46 13 65 51 1 4 14 5 3 1 7 3 5 7 1 1 2 4 1 136 16 1 85 34 7,741 6,762 103 870 6 54 5 7 4 3 11 3 2 47 5 1 1 1 30 4_ 3* 4 3 3 1 2 35 18 2,372 871 190 808 351 1,189 403 148 1,409 2,031 763 161 750 320 ' i,023 363 123 1,228 31 15 5 4 3 24 310 91 23 54 28 141 40 24 159 2 3 1 1 2 7 1 1 . 20 6 6 2 703 23 2 542 136 15, 946 12,643 412 2,848 43 31 4 4 2 3 2 20 3 4 2 2 9 1 1,970 1,381 699 550 1,379 312 1,330 1,624 3,593 517 594 426 728 843 1,666 1,222 636 497 1,176 288 1,151 1,429 1,771 476 489 396 663 783 34 29 9 4 36 1 17 25 218 4 21 2 8 4 266 129 53 48 166 23 161 169 1,573 37 83 28 56 56 4 1 1 1 1 1 9 29 609 3 3 2 6 25 471 1 3 1 4 119 1 1 17 2 2 31 1 3 3 2 3 1 1 = ^= ~~Digitiz od by /I /hcroso ft<&) 5733- 10 CENSUS OF PORTO RICO. Males 21 years of age and over, classified by place of birth, race, and literacy — Continued. BY MUNICIPAL DISTRICTS— Continued. Whites born in Porto Rico. Whites born in Spain. Districts. Total. Can neithei read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With supe- rior educa- tion. Total. Can Can neither read read but can nor not write, write. Can read and write. With ' supe- rior educa- tion. 11, 508 7,844 123 3,338 203 481 26 4 427 24 Aguas Buenas . Arroyo Caguas 653 283 1,857 1,899 1,330 1,015 1,347 527 1,125 487 985 469 162 1,128 1,225 1,035 788 864 319 815 332 687 7 3 33 21 10 9 13 6 11 3 7 165 104 673 611 285 215 398 189 290 130 278 12 14 23 22 3 72 13 9 22 13 23 29 103 78 29 19 79 20 43 19 39 1 . 10 4 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 21 26 88 68 27 18 70 16 40 18 35 1 2 4 6 1 6 , 1 3 Comerio Guayama Gurabo Salinas San Lorenzo. . . 8,328 5,841 80 2,187 220 287 14 1 228 44 Fajardo Humacao Maunabo 1,951 1,236 404 1,264 1,095 815 572 991 1,361 729 261 1,020 851 587 352 680 13 10 3 8 13 10 12 11 546 383 133 207 226 211 204 277 31 114 7 29 5 7 4 23 52 89 11 24 19 21 40 31 2 2 1 42 58 9 21 18 20 32 28 7 29 2 2 1 1 2 Naguabo Patillas 1 Piedras Viequez 1 7 1 17, 611 11, 432 174 5,307 698 697 79 1 524 93 Afiasco Cabo Rojo Hormigueros . . 2,239 2,670 454 1,447 1,884 1,257 4,932 725 2,003 1,719 1,766 317 1,025 1,406 956 2,702 361 1,180 17 36 6 13 5 1 68 9 19 385 831 129 392 437 284 1,826 305 718 118 37 2 17 36 16 336 50 86 39 27 15 17 " 65 69 403 12 50 3 6 2 1 5 4 48 4 6 1 22 19 10 14 52 61 307 6 33 14 2 3 2 8 4 47 2 11 Mayaguez . Sabana Grande San German... 25,511 16,981 . 311 7,768 451 1,036 122 5 851 58 Adjuntas Barranquitas . . 3,090 1,211 1,152 2,152 1,517 711 3,640 1,446 7,322 390 2,880 2,394 841 823 1,648 928 442 2,696 1,015 4,021 193 1,980 20 9 17 39 14 10 33 9 115 16 29 659 356 304 431 533 244 858 379 3,010 161 833 . 17 5 8 34 42 53 43 176 20 38 140 46 12 21 26 25 65 22 564 16 99 4 o 2 5 5 1 8 2 83 2 8 2 2 1 123 43 9 14 18 22 53 13 453 14 89 13 1 1 2 3 4 7 26 1 Guayanilla Juana Diaz Penuelas Ponce Santa Ysabel .. Yauco Digitized by Microsoft® CENSUS OF PORTO EICO. 11 Males 21 years of age and »ivr, classified by place of birth.race, and literacy-Continued. BY MUNICIPAL DISTRICTS-Continued. Whites born in other countries. Colored. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With supe- rior educa- tion. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With supe- rior educa- tion. 103 9 61 33 10,506 9,217 113 1,170 6 3 6 14 22 1 21 2 2 28 4 1 2 4 13 11 812 656 2,040 1,106 211 571 1,249 1,203 535 724 1,399 749 510 1,824 942 195 528 987 1,075 478 613 1.R1R 9 13 24 13 54 132 192 150 16 43 234 115 53 104 77 2 1' 6 5 1 1 16 1 1 10 3 5 26 12 3 7 6 2 1 1 1 1 17 1 1 123 31 1 58 33 9,597 | 8,357 104 1,125 11 23 22 7 11 9 1 47 . 3 6 3 1 3 1 11 4 5 6 7 1 23 1 6 15 1 1 1 1,243 1 row 16 18 5 4 12 4 32 13 168 247 57 60 93 72 229 199 1 1,703 903 811 1,169 846 982 1,940 1,436 841 745 1,064 770 717 1,726 1 2 17 7 2 4 2 270 24, 2 165 79 9,312 7,344 108 1,809 51 7 13 2 11 13 38 145 14 27 2 10 2 8 7 35 81 5 15 5 2 572 681 258 387 491 498 2,599 1,450 2,376 465 560 212 348 415 436 1,647 1,234 2,027 9 5 2 1 1 92 116 43 38 75 61 855 208 321 6 1 1 1 1 1 19 2 5 2 43 9 11 1 2 62 2 26 35 6 1 2 663 44 ~~ 5~ 532 82 17, 223 13, 965 218 2,995 45 64 32 3 2 59 27 2 2 866 577 435 713 1,390 1,298 2,138 959 5,402 684 2,761 787 493 406 634 1,143 1,132 1,892 828 3,761 562 2,327 2 1 73 83 28 68 224 161 222 119 1,498 109 410 4 1 1 7 21 27 50 23 325 8 106 11 19 4 20 3 122 12 24 1 2 7 1 22 13 25 37 13 251 4 96 7 4 1 6 9 49 4 3 4 9 3 21 1 6 1 o Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft®