CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY THIS BOOK IS ONE OF A COLLECTION MADE BY BENNO LOEWY 1854-1919 AND BEQUEATHED TO CORNELL UNIVERSITY CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1924 102 088 774 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924102088774 '■^ o viT&Y\T s> y IC^. Cicowes ,U)vMt aw., avid -Sons, riT^^^erx K<^e->(t-rv^- "ViOYx ol ^\ess.vs. C5^ovii.i<^\®[< 1714 Joseph Baker, married to Mary Brougli. A hUmk. 1718 Jolm Knapp, to Mary Wright. Charles Selw-yir, to ]\'Iary Hiil> lon. [lie was M.P. for Ludgarshall, co- Wilts., and died 9th June 1749 s.p. She was dan. of Cook and widow of Houblon, and buried at Hampstead, co. Middx.] July 7th Sir Edward Desbonverie, to Mary Smith. [He was the 2nd Bart, and died 1736, s.p. she was the youngest dau. and co-heir of John Smith, esq. of Beaufort-buildings, Strand, and died Jan. 1721, both bm-ied at Britford, near Salisbury.] James Mathews, to Sarah Hnm- plii'ies. John Langham, to Mary Kemp- stor. Thomas Wren, to Rachel Wal- ker. Thomas dimes, to Am: Rip- pon. Henry Stephens, to Lydia Sal- ter. 1718 Jonathan Tempest, to Mary Fleetwood. Blank. 1719 George AUestry, to Ann So- ley. ■ John Wightwick, to Mary Gird May 27 Simon Peter, to Ann Grey- goose. James Roth, to Christiana Swajmey. John Ravenhill, to Catherine Dansey. [He was of co. Hereford and she dan. and sole heir of Wni. Dansey, of Brinsop, in the same co., by Eliza- beth dau. and coheir of Sir Francis Russell, of Strensham, Isart.] George Bincks, to Dorothy Shelley. EUerker Bradshaw, to Rebecca Norther. [Dan. of Sir Edward. Northey, knt. Attorney General to Q Amie; mar- riage settlement dated 21 & 22 July 1719 ; he was of Risby, oo. York being only son and heir of Sir James Bradshaw, knt. by Dorothy, sister and heir of John Ellerker, of Risby aforesaid. He died 28th June, 1742 aged 62, leaving no surviving issue She died 2.5th July, 1770.] jiAnniAGKS, 1719 George Rolfe, to Magdalen Hargrave. Theodoi'e Johnson, to Mary Jones. John Day, to Rebecka Bryant.. 1720 Thomas Grime.s, to Henrietta Mai'ia Howell. William Co\vpei', to Mary GoTigh. July 3rd. Thomas Wentworth, Esq. to Elizabeth Lord. Stephen Hobberaa, to Jane Lnp- ton. Thomas Milles, to Ann Cutts. Charles Hedges, to Catherine Tate, [He was of Finchley, co. Middx. esq. and she one of the co-lieirs of the Barony of Zouch, being dau. of Bartholomew Tate, of Delapre co. Northampton, esq. he died April, 1756, she survived her liusband and was gTandmother of Cecil Bisshopp, Lord Zoucli.] John Joyens, to Martha Reeve. 1721 Chai-les Bawden, to Bethia Thornton. Robert Pritchai'd, to Phebe Clark. (Sif/'iP'/} Richard Synge, Chaplain. Herbert Perrot Packington, to Elizabeth Conyers. [He succeeded his father in 1727 as 5th bart and dying at Leyden 1748 was there buried. She was the dau. of John Conyers, of Walthamstow, CO. Essex, married June, 1721, and was buried at Hampton Lovet, 14th •July 1758. Their grandaughter Eli- zabeth, married Wm. Russell, esq. of Powick. whose son assumed the name of Packington, and was cr. a bart. in July, 1846. 1721 Edmond Morris, esq,, to Ann Campljell. Harry Mander, Clerk, to P]li- zabeth Chandler. Sept. 19th. Wm. Northey, esq. ti. Abigail Webster. [Only dau. of Sir Thos. Webstei bart. of Battle-Abbey, co. Snssex He was son of Sir Edward Noi'they, knt. Attorney- General to Queen Anne, and v.-as of Compton Basset, Wilts. Died 10th Nov. 1738 aged 4^ leaving issue.] Thos. liannam, to Mai-tlm Geering. John Knapp, to Aim Bendishe. Michael Parry, to Ehzabeth Cook. Dec. 21th Peter Chester, S.T.P,, ti- Sarah Webb. James Ashton, to ]\lai'garei Sherman. Charles Sambridge, to Frances Speed James Nicholson, to Ann Evans. 1722 Richard Stainsby, to 3hir garet Turner. Hemy Neale Dutton, to Eliza. beth ililler. Wm. Lucas, to Mary Wliite. John Bennington, to Margaret Thomas. Thomas Bromley, to Hester Chatteverre. George Golfitng, to ]Mary CcjI- more. Felix Calvert, to Mary Cal- vert. [ilary, dau. of Felix Calvert, nt Hunsdon Herts marr'^. 6th Feb. 1723 6 MAHBIAOE8, Felix Calvert, of Albmy Hall, in tluit CO. lie was biu-ied there 6tli May, 1755, and she 26th May, 1757; lieing ancestors of Sir Harr}- Calvert r-r. a bart., 1818.] Peter Calvert, to Honour Cal- vert. [Dan. of Felix Calvert, of Albm-y Hall, Herts.esq. married 14tli Feb. 1723, Peter Calvert, of St. George's Hano^^er Sq. and had issue.] William Nichols, to Hester Darvill. 1723 April 2nd. William Strickland, esq., to Catharine Sambrook. Iilay 28th. Richard Harcourt, esq., to Elizabeth Banastre. [See this match in Edmonson's Baronagium, Vol. 3, p. 281.] John Key, to Mary Thwaites. Samuel Long, to Mary Tate. [Second dau. and eventually co- heir of Bartholomew Tate, of Dela- pre, CO. Northampton, esq. marriage licen. dated 17th Sept. 1723, at Vic. Gen. Office ; he was of Longueville, in the Island of Jamaica ; died 12th J;iii. 1767, aged 56 and was bmied there. She died 16th Junel765 age 63 and was buried in Biistol Cathedral; leaving issue.] Richard Armey, to Mary Lady- man. Thomas Valentine, to Mary ]\'Iarsh. Clement Wcarge, esq., to Eliza- beth Mountague. [He was afterwards Sir Clement Y/earge and Solicitor-General; he died in St. Clements Danes, 6th April 1728,] C)ct. I'Hh. Nicholas Fazakerly, esq., '0 Ann Lutwjrche [H-j vvr.. o, barrister ci' the Middle Temple, and M.P. for Preston, co. Laiicashire; she was dau. of Thos. Lutwyche, of Lutwyche, and mother of the Countess Gower ; he died 26th Feb. 1767, she died July, 1776, both bmied at the Temple Church.] Richard Merry, to Sarah Foster. Thos Bdmonds,to Susanna Crau- field, Thos. Golder, to Marcia Stone Richard Synge, Chapiam. Daniel Minet, to Anna Maria Atkyns. [She of Moor-place, Herts., he a merchant, of London ; born at Dover 1699,died May, 1730, both buried at Dionis's Backchmxh, London.] William Holland, to Martha Fowke. 1724 Owen Haiswell, esq., to Ca- therine Soley. Rev. Thomas Dane, to Elizabeth Broughton. June 11th. Sir Wm. St. Quintin bart., to Rebecca Thompson. [The 4th bart., he died in 1771, having had 4 sons and 4 daus. and was succeeded by his son William, on whose death in July, 1795, the ti- tle became extinct ; she was the dau. of Sir John Thompson, knt.. Lord Mayor of London 1737, and died 1757.] La^^Tcnce Morris, to Bridget Nicholson. William Warmon, to Ann Wheeler. John Gould, to Mary Bulke- ley Sept. 24th. William Jones, esq., to Lady Frances Norton. [Prances dau. of Ralph Freke, of Hannington, Wilts, widow of Sir Geo. MAUnlAGES, Norton, of Abbots-Leigh, co._ Somer- | set, cr. a knight 14th Dec. 16711 by whom she had Grace, only dau, and heir, who mairied Sir Richard Gethin, bart. but died Oct. 1697, aged 21, sans issue. The Will of Lady Frances Norton, alias Jones, widow, was proved 20th Feb. 1730 ; she was buried in Westminster abbey, with her dau. Lady Gethin. — Monlnscr.'] Edward Smallman, to Rosanna Cart. Edward Clarke, to Mary Wel- lock. 1725 Richard Arnold, esq. to Judith Shaw. Timothy Fish, esq. to Mary Hutchinson. Richard Jackson, to Elizabeth Warner. William Southern, to Ann Clarke. Samuel Wiggett, to ]\rary Car- penter. 1726 Roger Adams to Elizabeth Philips. [He of St. Brides, London, about 29, bach, she of Hertford, about 18 spin, with the consent of her aunt Rachel, wife of Thomas Ween, the guardian of the said minor, under the will of , Merchant wid. her grandmother ; marriage license at Fac. office, dated 21st May, 1726.] Sir John Shadwell, to Ann Binns. [Knighted I2th June, 1715, being Physician to Q. Anne & K. George I., he was son of the Poet-daureate, died 4th Jan. 1747. This man-iage is said in Malcolm's " Londinum Redivivuni" to have taken place on 12th Islarch, 1725. Lady Shad- well, wife of Sir John Shadwell, knt Physician to his Majesty, died 14th April, 1722, — Sfe Hist. Reo.] William Ashby, to Ann Bul- strode. George Cressener to Mary Bur- rige. George James Guidott, to Eli- zabeth Bainton. James Cutts, to Mary Gibbons, 1727 German Chaworth, to Frau'^ps Thwaite. July 15 Sir John Frederick, bart to Barbara Kinnersley. (Son of Thomas Frederick, esq. and grandson of Sir John F. Lord Mayor of London, 1662. He was cr. a bart, 1st June, 1723; she was the dau. of Thomas Kinnersley, of Lox- ley, CO, Stafford and died 1st Sept, 1749, at Rotterdam, aged 49 ; he died 3rd Oct. 1755, aged 78 ; botli buried at Hampton, co, Middlx.) Thomas Peers, to Elizabeth Fairbone. William Mills, to Theodosia Tenoe John Barker, to Ann Bainbigg, John Westly, to Elizabeth Morgan, Thomas Barret, to Elizabeth Peters. {Siyned), L B. 1728 John Norris, to Catherine Thorpe Thomas Warden, esq. to Mary Pitt George Knevett, to Anne Hai- vey. Robert Peake, to Leah Sum- mers. Geo Berkeley, to Ann Forestei . MAKHIAGES. ITl^S Fviclimond Pvigg-s, to Hannah Banks, ionali Bannister, to J\Iartlia Terry Jacob Hunter, to Catherine C'uiike C.liii Fo.^ter, tn Beulah Digby. William Att\\-ood, to Christian Poclcley . 1720 "SYiUiani Beddow, to Eliza- beth Dmiton. Henry Sayer, to Elizabieb EjTe lUcliard Edwards, to Dorothy :Miehel John Hall, to Deljorah Pond. Beniamin ^lariott, to Esther Chambers. William Green, to ]\'Iary Smith- Thomas Coventry, to JaneGrat- wick. Ro^^Jand Child, to Arabella But- ton. 1730 Joseph Tily, to Mary Kelson Eennet, Jnseph Bced, t(i Frances Jlaii- der. Fuehard Thorapsun, to Eliza- beth Ives. Blix)ik. .folm Kenwarcl, to Alice Brook. James Altham, to Mary Han- way. ( Hl w-as Eector of Woodford and Vicar oJ' La.tton, CO. Essex; she was dau. of Thomas Hamvay, agent for Victualling at Portsmouth and sister t^ Jonas Hanway, esq.) blank 1730 James Mundy, to Letitia Strong Uii.iik llichard Acland, esq. to Ann Bur-,-el, Feb. 22nd Mark Halpenn, to the Lady Elizabeth Lawley. (Elizabeth, widow of John Perkins was the second vd1hnRoundtree, of (Tiristchurch London, to Martha Sturt, of Ripley, SuiTy 10 MAKniAGES. 17;j3 ThomaK ilartiii, to Bridget Ai'aliulla Warnciigliani, Bai'tliolomcw Burton, to Pliila- dclpliia liei'iie. l7.'>3--i' Steplicii Popliam, to Diaua Shelton JEansel Powel, esq., of Wel- ling-tou, CO. Hereford, to Mar- tha Hoai'e, of St. Giles's-in- tlic-fields Westminister, By Mr. Jolm Hill, Ecctor of Stour- ton, \^'ilts. [She w;is one of the dans. of Henry Hoare, of London, banker, (then de- ceased) and born lOtli Jan. 1708. Slie had .£10,000 for her fortune.) Andrew Haimc, or Hai'nc \vidr., to Elizal:eth Shelley. William Eeason, to Mar^- 01- field. Dowel Chelsey, to ^MaryLyddcll widow. Bartholomew ilay, to Elizabeth Waylett. 17-35 Jolm Daniel Dreyer,to Sarah Fenton. Eicliard KnoUys, widower, to Hamiah Salwey. (Ho was a Cli3'mist, in Fleet '^ti'eet, London and married to his vnd wiie Haimah dau. of Eichai-d Salway, of Stratford, co. Essex, who died S.P. — by his l.st wife lie was lather of Sir Francis Ivnollys, bart.) Jolm Pej^on, widower, to Su- sanna t'alvert. (Susanna, dan. of Felix Calvert, of llunsdon, Herts, esq. 2nd wife of John Pejrton, esq. who died 174<1 and mother of Sir Yelverton Pey- ton, Sth bart., who died 18th Oct. 181-5, when the baronetcy became extinct. — She was living a widow in 1782.) Charles Coker, esq. to Eliza- beth Wyime, widow. Antony Bannister, widower, tei Eebecca Streck. 1736 John Aris, to Sarah Marshall, Thomas PimicU, widower to Hannah Gifford, wddow. Benjamin Bund, to Susannah La-^vton. Hill Mussenden, esq. of Her- ingfleet, co. Suffolk, to Mar- tha Johnson, of St.Martin's- in-the-Fields. Benjamin Stoakes, widower, to Ann Shipton, widow. Samuel Budd, to Eebecca Ja- cobson. George Budd, to Grace AVic- ham. Thomas Vernon, esq. widower, to Elizabeth Nicoll, of Hen- don, ]\Iidlx. Thomas Waller, to Martha Walthoe, of Kensing-ton. 1736-7 John Shower, to Elizabeth Hmnall. William Goudge, widower, to ISIary Harbottle. 1737 Edward Hawke, Esq., of Ken- sington, to Catharine Brooke, of Kensington. (Afterwards Edward, 1st Lord Hawke the celebrated Admiral. She was the dau. and sole heir of Walter Brooke, of Bmtou-Hall, in the West Eiding CO. of York; she died 28thOct. 1756 and he died, 17th Oct- 1781.) Joseph Townsend, to Judith Gore MAnRIACiES, 11 1737 TlioniasDrury,esq. of Overton, CO. Northampton, to IMartha Tyveil, of EastTliorndon, Es- sex. ( Afterward Sir Thos Drnry, bart. of Overston, co. Nortliampton. She was the dau. of Sir John Tyrell, of Springfield, co. Essex, Sir Tliomas died s.p.m. 19th Jan. 1759.) Thomas Nicliols, to Sarah Burch. 1737-S William Browne, widower, to Jane Cooke of Ilampstead. 1738 Rev. Mr. Beaohcroft, of St. Andre wUndershaft toSnsanna Hudson, of Wanstcad, Essex. Thomas Andre/on, to Lilly Glass. Walter Gary, widower, to Eli- zabeth Collins. 1739 Richard Wright, to Margaret Ridley, of St.Peter's in Ches- ter. William Jones, esq. of Hams- bury Manor, Wilts, to Bleo- nora Ernie, of Brimslade, in CO. Wilts. (Second dau. & co-heir of Edward. Ernie, of Brimslade Park, Wilts, Esq., married 21st June, 1739 ; her husband died 13 Sept. 1753 aged 53, and was buried at Ramsbury afore- said, she was living 1792.) John Wight, to Elizabeth Desca, widow. Nathaniel Trayton, to Phila- delphia Parker, of Writtle, Esse:;. William Sumner, to El''.'..;l,eth Tanner, tif St. John'r, Hack- ney. (He was of St. Andi-ew's Holborn, aged 27, bachelor; she aged 25,.spin- •ster, mar. lie, at Fac. office, dated 18th Sept. 1739.) Abraham Robarts, of Stepney to Elizabeth Wildey, of Step ney. Thomas Reynolds to Mary Cop- ing. 1739-40 Bev. John Watson, of Sandford, Essex, widower, to Jane Bodens. William Fcnncll, to Elizabeth Howard- March 5th, Sir Thomas Brand, knt. of St. Marys-le- Strand, CO. Middlesex, widr., to Jane Hume, of St. Martins-in-the Fields, in the said co.,spin. (On the 7th Nov. 1761 died Sir Thomas Brand, knt., aged 92, " for- merly an Embellisher of Letters to Eastern Princes." — See Gent. Mag., vol,. 31, page 539) Edward Davis, of Northwick, CO. Worcester, widower, to Elizabeth Vaughan, 1740 Peter Taylor, to Jane Holt, John Andrew, widower, to Dorothy Thomas, Richard Speed, to Sarah Brown Eliakim Palmer, to Martha Theobald, 1740-1 Joseph Boughton, to Ann Peell, Joseph Ward, esq, to Ann Fountayiie, of Bedington, Sm'rey, widow. [Ann dau. of Sir Nicholas Carew, bart. of Bedding-ton, co. Surrey, mai'ricd l.st Thomas Fouiitajme, esq. of Melton, co. York, who died 18th Jan. 1739-40 s.p. and 2ndly 1; M.VTiPIArJFS, Joscpli Ward, of tlu- Inner Tcinple, London esq.] 17-iO-l 'S'Javch, 1st Thomas Par- ker, esq one of tlic Justices of the ( 'ommon Pleas, widower to MartliaCranmer, of tt. Clement Danes, widow. [i\lartha, 3rd dau. and co-lieir of Edward. Str(jng of Greenwich, Kent and relict of Henry Crammer — died 20th Oct. 1751. Her husband was knighted 1712 ^^•hen Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, and died 1781, aged 80, leaving issue by b th liis wives.] Norton iSTicliols, to Jane Ho- yer. William Fleet, of EastPeckham, Kent to ElizabetliWestloroolie Robert Fairfax, to j\Iartha Collins. Giidwin Prince, to Maiy King. Richard Montagu, widower, to Ann Graham. William Coxe.MD.of Richmond, Surrey, to Barbara Clark. 1741 George Carpue, to Rebecca Staples. Thomas Catlin, to Ann Watson 1741-2 Jolm Tunes, to Elizabeth Crome, widow. 1 742 Jacob Fowler, to Sarah Sinith. Henry Wright, of Ledget, Norfolk, to Jane Grant. Marmaduke Wallis, widower, to jVtarj' Johnson. Samuel Higgs, to Sarah Harris Aug, 8th. Sir Richai-d Warwick Bampfylde, of Poltimore, co. Devon, bart. bachelor, to Jane Codringtoii, of Wraxhall, So merset, spinster. [Dau. cWieiress of Col. Jolm Cod- rington, M.P. for Bath, by Eliza beth only dau. and heiress of Samuel Gorges, esq. she inherited the ma- nor and estate of A¥i'axhall, afore- said, on the death of her Grandfa- thei' Edward Gorges in 1708. Born 24th Oct. and baptised loth Nov. 1720, at Wraxhall aforesaid, and bmi'ed there 24th Feb. 1789, having survived her husband who died 15th Aug. 1776. Their son Sir Charles Wanviok Bampfylde sold the pro- perty, at Wraxliall about a.d. 1800, being father of tlie first Lord Polti- more.] Thomas Medlycott, esq widower to Elizabeth Dawson, widow. [He was of Venn House, in Mil- borne port, co, Somerset ; she was widow of Gilbert Dawson, and dau. of Seyhard of co.Kent ; she died Jan. 1763,aged 62 ; he died 21 July follomng, aged 65, sp. his only child having died young, in his lifetime, his nephew Thomas Hutchings assu- : med the name and arms of Medly- cott, on succeeding to the property and was father of Sir William Coles Medlycott, cr. a bart. in 1808.] 1742-3 William Thomas, esq. to JIargaret Sydserfe, of Stoke Neivington, co. Middlesex. ' 1743 William Vigor, to Jane Ron- deau, widow. j John Conrand, to Ann Cokely. Shardlow Wightman, widower, to ilary Mee. Jnly, 8th. Rev. ^Vadham Knatch- bull, L.L.D. of ChilhamKent bachelor, to Harriett Parry, of Oakfield, Berks, spinstei' [He was 4th son of Sir Edward Ivnatchbull the 4th bart. and died MARKIAGES If 27tb Doc. 1760, aged 54, leaving i.s.-ae. sliu wus the clau. of f'harles I'aiT)-, and died 12th Oct. 1794, age 83.] Alexander Pvoss, to Mary Win- cott, 1743 Thomas Kamsden, esq. to Ann Medows. [Ann,dau. of Sir Phillip Medowes, knt. Mai'shall, maiTied 14th July, I'^S, Thomas TJamsden, son of Sir Wm Eamsden, the 2nd bart. she died 1761, he died 1791, s.p.] Hugh James, to Jane Lloyd. John Whitmore, Sarah Stevens. John Ivehopp, to Arm She well. Nov 12. William de Grey, esq. of the Middle Temple, London, bach, to Mary Cowqaer, of St. John's V.'estminster, spinster. [Cr. Barcn \\'alsinghaml780 after having been Solicitor and Attorney (jeneral and Chief Justice of the c 'm-t of Common Pleas.] John Brown, to Ann Sellis. 1744 Edmmid Sanxay, to MariaAn- trobus, of Kidgley, co. Stafford. Jolm Jackson, to Elizabeth Lloyd, of Bath. Robei't Weston, to Frances Medows. Cliarles Spencer, of Croydon, Sm'rey, to Mary Morris, of Croydon, Surrey. Robert Dingley, to Elizabeth Thompson, of Kerby Hall, CO' York. 1744-5 Nathaniel Webb, of Bristol, to Jane Man. 1745 John Robinson, widower, to Mai-y J^Ioncaster, of Baddow, Essex. Herbert Lawrenc, to Elizabeth Baldy. Benjamin Olden toLydiaOwen. 1745 James Leman, to Deborali T-riier. Mathew Combe, to Hannah Hahn. Vacancy for a marriage solemnized by Br Chapma.n^ Archdeacon of Svd- bury, who neither left the licence nor the names of the Couple. 1746 Charles AmUer, esq. to Ami Paxton Rev. John Irons, of Lyn.statl, Kent, to Elizabeth Green^^ay Stephen Dupuy, to Hannah Haywood widow. Robert Cartony, to Mary Rob- insr>n . wid. Richard Martyn,to Mary Gould, wid. Samuel Salt, esq. to Elizabeth Benson. 1746 7 Jan. 6th. Edwin Lascelles, esq. of Hare wood, co. York, bachelor, to Elizabeth Hawses, of Escrick, co. York, spinster, a minor. [Elizabeth, dau, and heir of Sii Darcy Dawes, bai-t. 1st wife of Ed- win Lascelles, cr. Baron Harewood 9th July, 1790; she died 31st Aue.. 1764. at Bath, he died 25th Jan. 1795, when the title became ex- tinct.] Lawi'ence Williams, esq, widr. toElizabeth Robinson, widow. Jan. I9th. Moses da Costa, of Tot- teridge, Herts, to Rachel Mendes, alias da Costa, ol St. Stephen Coleman Street. Colonel Francis Leighton, ot Bautsley, co. Montgomery, to Renea Pinfold. [There are several children of Charles Pinfold, L.L,D. by Renea his wife, bapt. between 1709 & 172.5 14 MAEHIAGES. ,it. St, Bennetts, Pauls wharf.] 1 747 William Walker, to Ann EUcs. Richard Noycs, esq, to Ann Walker. Thomas Lodington, to Ann Broade, of Benifield, co. Northampton. Chiirles Hughes, to Esther Peel. George Fox, to Elizabeth Drink- water, "widow. John Shrimptou, of ]Sre\\-|5ort, in Isle of Weight, to JaneOamey, of Reading, Berks. Richard Reynolds, to Ann d'Oyly, of New Windsor Berks Mathew Graves, widower, of Serjeant's Inn, to Sarah Met calf, of Sunbury, Middlesex. Aug. 22nd. Sir Capel Molyneux, of Dublin, in Ireland bachelor to BlizabethEast, of St. James's Westminster. [Sister of Sir William East, of Hall- place, Berks, hart, and first wife of Sir Capel Molpienx, who .succeeded his brother Sir Daniel l\Iolyneux in 1738, as 3rd bart. he died Aug. 1797, in his SOth year, leaving issue.] Peter Dervinc, to Elizabeth Simpson, a minor. John Wood, of Salisbnry to EHzabeth Hull, of Salisbury, widow, 1 k-c. 19th. Honorable Henry Con- way, esq. to Lady dowager Alesbury. [Caroline, only dau, of General John Campbell afterwards 4tli Duke of Argyll, 3rd wife of Charles, 3rd earl of Ailesbmy, to whom she was married loth June, 1739. Henry Seymour Conway, brother of Francis 1st Marquess of Hertford, died 9th July, 1795 aged 75.] 1747-S Robert Winch, to Elizabeth Giles. Thomas Allan, widower, to Elizabeth Penton, 'i\-idow. Thomas Weldon, esq. of Nor- wich, widower, to Mary Wingfield, widow. 1748 James Phillijjps, to Mary Car- ter. Isaac Dimslate, widower, to Jane Paskell. Edmmid Easty, to Elizabeth Thompson. John Goaler, to Catherine Har- ris. Adam AUyn, to Bethia Lee. George Wilson, to Mary Tur- ton. Benjamin Morris, to Hannah Pierce, of Woodford, Essex, Valentine Morris, esq. of St, Awan, CO. Monmouth, to Mary Mordaunt. John Usher, to Susanna Cage, Henry Plant, to Jane Hyland, of Hillington, Middlesex, wid. 1748-9 William Ashe, of Heytes- bnry, Y\^ilts. esq. bachelor, to Honorable Catherine Pow- let, of Edington, Wilts. [2nd dau. of Lord Hari-y Powlett, who became in 1754 the 4th DcLbe of Bolton. — the marriage was on 4th Jan. 1748-9. He died 11th .Inly, 1750 s.p. and was buried at Heytes- bm-y. She re -married Feb. 175.5 Adam Drummond, esq. of IMeqcins 3IAREIAGES. 15 ill Scotland and died Stli Oct. 1774] Philip Jennings to Ann Thomp- son, of Coley. Berks, ^lathew Michel, of Chiltcrn, Wilts, esq.to FrancesAshford- by,of St.ClementDanes,Midx. Xathaniel Hancock, to Eliza- beth Amoutts. 17-10 Arthur Benjamin Lane, esq. of Hampstead, Middlesex, to Mary Clark. Thomas Hutton, of Gainslaoro' Lincolnshire, to Elizabeth Dilorland, of Lamberhurst. Alexander Thomas, widower, to Elizabeth Thomps;omerset House, to Miss Charlotte Drummond, spinster, of St Martins-in-the-Fields. (See Note to baptism of their child, on 6th Sept, 1770) 1776 John Crosse Crooke, esq, of Hendon, Middlesex, to Eli- zabeth Parry s In the Original Register these two entries appear to be misplaced 19 BAPTISMS. IN 1 732 June 30tli Robert Wilson, educated a quaker, aged 19 years, 8 months and 26 days. 1733 Jane, dau. of Joseph and Jane Tyler. 1734 Edward, son of ditto. ditto. Joseph, son of Joseph and Jane Dawson. Joseph, son of Ralph and Catherine Clayton. 1740 Sarah, dau. of Daniel and Magdalen Maud, born a quaker, Aug. 19 1722. 1742 Jane, dau of Joseph and JaneDawson. 1744-5 Charles, son of Ralph and Catherine Clayton. 1743, Dec. 18th. Mary, dau. of Lord Harry Beauclerk, of Somerset House, 1745, Sept. 2nd. Hem-y, son of ditto, born 12tli Aug. bajst, by Rev. Mr. Bruce. 1746, Nov. 17th Charlotte, dau. of ditto, bapt, by Mr. George Adams, the Reader. 1747-8, Jan. 8th Martha, dau. of ditto, born 12th Dec. 1747, bapt. by the Rev. Dr. Bruce. 1749. Oct. 27th. Ann, dau. of ditto, born 5th, bapt. by the Rev. Dr. Bruce. (Lord Henry Beauclerk was 4th son of Charles, 1st Duke of St. Albans He was Col of tfap 31st Regiment of foot, died 5th January, 1761, aged 59. having hp':^ icsae 2 sons viz : George, who died an infant, and Henry. in Holy Orde.o, who left issue; also 6 daus., Diana, born 24th June 1741 -'' Baptisms Maid of Honour to Queen Chfu'lotte — Hem-ietta, bom 26th Nov 1742; Maiy, born 25tli Nov. 1743, married Rev. Walter Williams, Rector of Pinner and Harrow, co. Middlesex. Charlotte, bom 24th Oct, 1746. llartlia and Ann born as above mentioned,) 174.5 John, son of John Jones. 1745 6 Catherine Somerset Proctor, dan. of William Proctor. 1 749 William, son of Ralph Clayton. 1754 David, son of George and Catherine Garrick born April 4th bapt. April 19th. (Not the famous actor David Garrick, who was born in Hereford, & bapt. at All Saints, there 28th Feb. 1716, but children of his brother George hj Catherine Carrington his wife. David died 1795 and Na- thaniel in 1788, both leaving issue. Their cxjusin the Actor had died 20th Januai-y, 1779) 1755 Nathan, son ditto. John, son of John and Elizabeth BlackweU. 1756 Jane, dau. of Richard and Mary Burrow. 1757 John Lee. 1758 Anna Maria, dau. of Bibye Lake, esq. and Ann his wife. ( Probably a dau. of Bibye Lake, 2nd son of Sir Bibye Lake, 2nd bart. by i\nn his mte, dau. of Henry Sperling, of D}Ties Hall, co. Essex.] 1767 Richard, son of Richard and Mary Cullum. 1768 Sarah, dau. of Mary Smith, formerly Cullum, and John Smith. Ann, dau. of William and Hannah Latimei. 1769 William, son of ditto ditto. 1771 Arabella, dau. of ditto ditto. 1774 Catherine, dau. of ditto ditto. 1770 Arm Caroline, dau. of Hester and the Rev. Tallxit Keene. Elizabeth Dorothea, dau. of Robert and Catherine Travis. (See the marriage of her parents, 6th May, 1769.) Sept. 6th Henry, son of the Hon and Eev, Henry Beauclerk. (The Rev. Henry Beauclerk, only surviving son of Lord Henry Beau- clerk aforesaid, Keotor of Greens Noi-ton co Northampton and of Leckain- BAPTISMS. 21 stead Berks, married at this Chapel 23 Nov. l769,Charlott.e, dau. of John Drumraond, esq. who died at Sherfield, Hants. 20th March, 1774 leaving issue Henry, born 11th Aug. 1770 and bapt. as alx)ve, John bimi lotli Feb. 1772 and Charles who died very young.) 1771 David Thomas, son of Thomas and Catherine Powell. 1772 Catherine, dau of ditto ditto. 1774 Henry Thomas, son of ditto ditto. 1773 Philip Francis, son of John and Margaret Irene Harcomt. 177-5 William, son of William and Martha Dixie. *^* Malcolm says there are but 39 Baptisms from 17y2 to 1777, but by the above list there would appear to be only 36. BURIALS. IN THE VAULT LiNDEK g)Owttset l^otise €^l)apcL 1720, Aug. 21st. Mrs. Lee, of Lord Litchfield's family, 1725, Sept. 21st. Mrs. Allen, of Somerset House. Sept. 24th. Thomas Hutton, esq. Keeper of Somerset House. (On 25th Sept. 1725, Mrs. Blessington, ^vife of Major Blessington, was appointed under housekeeper at his Majesty's Palace of Somerset House in the room of Thomas Hutton, esq. deceased. 1726, April 2nd. Miss Sophia How, of Somerset House. (She was Maid of Honom' to Caroline, Princess of Wales, who after- wards became Queen, and was dau. of General Emanuel Howe^ by Ru- peita, natm'al dau. of the celebrated Prince Rupert. 1741 Daniel Bm-gess, aged 67. 1 746-7 Daniel, son of the above. Mrs. Penelopy Hume. Mrs. Bodens, (The first bm'ied by Dr. Bruce.) 1752 Mrs. Sarah Bowen Mr. Thomas Bowen Mrs. Ho 1756, Aug. 21st. WilHam Bowen, Esq. BURIALS. 23 1758, Nov. 26th. William Proctor, Esq. 1770, May 20th. Mrs. Watson, daughter of Mrs. Bodciis, and .sister to Colonel Bodens. * Witness LEWIS BRUCE, Chaplain. From Michaelmas, 1775, the Chapel shut up by Order from the Treasm-y, as it is to he taken down for the new plan of buildings to be erected according to Act of Parliament. All the Burials under Somerset House Chapel were by warrants from the Lord Chamberlains OfBce. LEWIS BRUCE. * The last interment of which there were but fom'teen between 1720 and 1777. THE END. INDEX TO MAEEIAGES. Abbiss, Mary. Acland, Richard esq. Adams, Roger Adkins, Richard, Aldridge, Mary Alesbury, Lady Dowafjcr Allan, Thomas Allestry, George Alston, Honor AUyn, Adam Altham, James Ambler. Charles esq. Andreion, Thomas Andrew. Rev. James ,, John Antrobus, Maria Archer, James Aris, John Armey, Richard Arnold, Richard esq. Arnoutts, Elizabeth Ashby, William Ashe, William esq. Ashfordby. Frances Ashton. James Atkyns, Anna Maria Atwood, William Aylmer, Honorable and Rev. B Bagnell, Anna Maria Baker, Joseph „ John M.D. Baillie, Phillaclelphia Bainbigg, Ann Bainton, Elizabeth Baldy, Elizabeth Bamt'ylde, Sir Richard Warwick, bart. 42 Banastre, EHzabeth Banks, Hannah Bannister, Anthony 1 735 ,, Jonah 28 1753 Barker, John 27 30 Barlow, Margaret 50 26 Barret, Thomas 27 49 Battyn, William Dottin esq. ■jI 53 Bawden, Charles 21 47 Beachcroft, Rev, Mr. 38 47-8 Beauclerk, Rev. Henry ,69 19 Becher, Jane 5fl 63 Beck, Esther 31 48 Beddow, William 29 30 Bell, Elizabeth, 49-.5U 46 Bendishe, Ann 21 38 Bennet, Mary Kelson 30 53 Bennett, John 53 40 Bennington, John 22 44 Benson, Elizabeth 46 49 Honorable Harriet 31 36 Berkeley, George 28 23 Berney, Sir Hanson bart. 56 25 Bicknell, Pricilla 31 48-9 Bincks. George 19 26 Binns, Ann 26 48-9 Bishopp, Frances 64 48-9 Bodens, Jane 39-4,0 21 Bold. Ann 31 23 Booth, Elizabeth 32 28 Boughton, Joseph 40-1 hn 55 Boultby, John Bouverie, see Des Bourerie. 31 Bowyer, Margaret 53 Bradshaw EUerker 19 Brand, Sir Thomas 39-40 1752 Bright, Robert 51 14 Broade, Ann 47 49-50 Broadley, Henry esq. 52 52 Bromley, Thomas 22 27 Brook, Alice 30 26 Brooke, Catherine ,37 45 Brougt, Mary 14 bart. 42 Broughton, Elizabeth -4 23 Brown, John 43 28 " Samuel esq. 10 INDEX TO MARRIAGES. 2.J „ Sarah Browne. William Bruce — See Alesbury. J, Ann Brudenell, Carolina Bryant, Rebecca Buch, Hans Budd, George ,, Samuel Bulkeley, Mary Bulstrode, Ann Bund, Benjamin Burch, Sarah Barrel, Ann Burrige, Mary Burton. Bartholomew c. 1740. 37- 54 58 19 50 .36 36 24 ■26 36 37 30 26 33 Cage, Susanna 1748 Calcraft, Christian 57 Calvert, Felix 22 „ Honour 22 „ Mary 22 „ Peter 22 ,, Susanna 35 Campbell, Ann 21 Carney, Jane 4-7 Carpenter. Benjamin, esq. 53 „ Mary 25 Carpue, George 41 Carr, Mary 53 Cart, Rosanna 24 Carter, Frances 54 „ Mary 48 Cartony, Robert 46 Cartwright, Edward 51 „ Rebecca 51 Cary, Walter 38 Catlin. Thomas 41 Chadwel. John 31 Chambers, Esther 29 Chambre — See de la Chambre Chandler, Elizabeth 21 Chateverre, Hester 22 Chaworth. German 27 Chedworth, Right Hon. Lord 51 Chelsey, Dowel Chester, Peter, S.T.P. Child, Rowland Chitty, John Gibber, Ann Clark, Barbara ,. Ph(Ebe ,. Mary I Gierke. Ann „ Edward Clayton, Charlotte Cliff, Elizabeth I Clifft, Mary [ Cock, Rebecca Codrington, Jane I Cokeiey, Ann Coker, Charles, esq. Cole, William Collins, Elizabeth „ Martha Colmore, Mary Combauld, Honorius Combe, Mathew Combes, Richard Conrand, John Conway, Hon. Henry Conyers, Elizabeth Cook, Elizabeth Cooke. Catherine ,, Jane Copeland, Elizabeth Copping Mary Costa, — See da Costa. Cottle, Sarah Coventry, Thomas Cowper, William ,. Mary Coxe. William, M.D. Cranfield, Susanna Cranmer, Martha Cressener, George Crome, Elizabeth Crooke, John Crosse, esq. Cullum, Hannah Cutts, Ann ,, James 1734 21 29 30 31 41 21 19 25 24 55 32 53 31 ■ 42 43 35 52 38 41 22 51 45 50 43 47 21 21 28 37-8 32 39 50 29 20 43 41 23 41 26 41-2 76 53 20 26 26 INDEX TO MARRIAGES. D. Elles, Ann 1747 Ernie, Eleanora 39 Da Costa, Moses 1746-7 ., alias MeiideS; Rachel 46-7 Evans, Ann 21 Everest, Richard 53 Dalton, Letitia 53 „ William 24 Eyre, Elizabeth 29 Dane, Rev. Thomas F. Dansey, Catherine 19 Darolls. Solomon, esq. 52 Fairbone, Elizabeth 1727 Darvill, Hester 22 Fairfax, Robert 41 Davis, Edward 39-40 Fazakerley, Nicholas, esq. 23 ,, John 31 Fennell, William 39-40 Dawes, Elizabeth 46-7 Fenton, Sarali 35 Dawson, Amy 50 Fish, Timothy, esq. 24 „ Elizabeth 42 Fisher, Brice 32 Day, John 19 Fleet, William 41 „ Sarah 52 Fleetwood, Mary 18 Deards, William 54 Fludyer, Sir Samuel, knt,. 58 Dc Grey, William, esq. 43 Forester, Ann 28 De la Chanihre, Ann 32 Ford, Susanna 32 Dervine, Peter 47 Foster, Colin 28 Des Bouverie, Sir Edward 18 „ Sarah 23 Desca, Elizabeth 39 Fountayne, Ann 411-1 Didicr, Andrew, .MD. 54 Fowke, Martha 23 ■ Digby, Beaulab 28 Fowler, Jacob 42 Dimslade, Isaac 48 Fox, George, esq, 31 Dingley, Robert 44 „ George 47 Douglas, Alexander 53 Frederick, Sir John, bart.. 27 D'Oyly, Ann 47 Dreycr, John Daniel 35 G. Drinkwater, Elizabeth 47 Drummond, Charlotte 69 Geering, Blartha 1721 Drury, Thomas, esq. 37 Geers,— See Whitfield. Dunton, Elizabeth 29 Gibbons, Mary 26 Dupuy, Stephen 46 Gibson, Guilford 53 Durell,— See Darolls. Gifford, Hannah 36 Dutton, Henry Neale 22 Gilbert, Christian Giles, Elizabeth 52 47 E. Gird, Mary, 19 East, Elizabeth 1747 Glass, Lilly 38 Easty, Edmund 48 Goaler, John 48 Eaton, Ann 31 Golder, Thomas 23 Edmonds, Thomas 23 Golding George 22 Edm.unds, Jane 52 Gore, Judith 37 iidwards, Richard 29 Goudge, William 36-7 INDEX TO MARRIAGES. 27 GouE^h, Mary Gould, John „ Mary Grace Samuel Graham, Ann Grant, Jane Gratwick, Jane Graves, Mathew Gray. Elizabeth „ Mary Green, William Greenway, Elizabeth Grey, — See de Grey Greygoose, Ann Grimes, Thomas ,. Thomas Grindley, Samuel Guidott, George James Gumme, Ann Gimning, Catharine H. Hahn. Hannah Haiswell, Owen Esq. Hall John Halpenn, Mark Hancock, Nathaniel Hannam, Thomas Hanne, or Harne, Andrew Hanway, Mary Harbottle, Mary Harcourt, Richard Esq. Hargrave. Magdalen Harne, — see Hanne Harris, Catharine ,, Sarah „ Thomas Harvey, Ann Hawke. Edward Esq. Hawkins, Robert Esq. Haywood, Hannah Hedges, Charles Henzey, Frances Herbert, Elizabeth 1720 Ilerne, Philadelphia 1733 24 Higgs, Samuel 42 •16 Hilliard, Mary 33 50 Hoare. Martha 33-4 41 Hobbema, Stephen 20 42 Hodgetts, Tlionias 58 29 Holland, William 23 47 Holt, Jane 40 .54 Hoskins, Katherine 53 53 Howard, Elizabeth 39-40 29 Howe,— See Chedworth in the note. 46 Howell, Henrietta Maria 20 Hoyer, Jane 41 19 Hul>lon, Mary 18 IS Hudson, Susanna 38 20 Hughes, Charles 47 .5,3 Hulbert, Thomas 52 26 Hull, Ehzabeth 47 52 Huniall, Elizabeth 36-7 69 Hume, Jane 39-40 Humphries, Sarah 18 Hunter, Jacob 28 Hussey, John Fry Esq. 53. Hustler, James Esq. .'i2 1745 Hutchinson, Mary 25 24 Hutton, Thomas 49 29 Hyland, Jane 48 3) 48-9 21 33-4 3) 36-7 23 19 48 42 53 28 .37 50 46 20 51 51 Innes, John Irons, Rev. John Ivehop, John Ives, Elizabeth ,, Jeremiah Esq. Jackson, John „ Richard Jacobson, Rebecca James, Hugh JefFerys, Charles Jennings, Philip Jenyns, Soame Esq. 1740-1 46 43 30 52 1744 25 36 43 32 48-9 54 28 INDEX TO MAREIAGES. Johnson, Ann 1731 Leonard, Elizabetli „ Martha 36 Little, EHzal)eth „ Mary 42 Lloyd, Ann „ Mathcw 30 „ Elizabeth „ Theodore VJ „ Jane Johnston. — See Note to Ketelhy. Lodington, Thomas Jones, Ann .54 Long, Samuel „ Mary 19 Longcroft, George „ William Esq. 24 Lord, Elizabeth „ William Esq. 39 Lovvther, Robert „ William Esq. 51 Lucas, Antony Esq Joyce, Thomas 52 ,, William Joyens, John 20 Lumley, Mary Juby, George 53 Lunn, Elizabeth Lupton, Jane Luson, Robert K. Lutton, Arabella Kempster, Mary Kendall, Sarah Kennersley, Barhara 1718 52 27 Lutwyche, Ann „ Sarah Lyddell, Mary Kenward, John 30 Ketelhy, Margaret 5S King, Mary 41 Knapp, John 18 ,, John 21 ^Jan, Jane Knatchbull, Rev. Wadham 43 JIander, Frances Knevett, George 28 „ Harry Knowles, Catherine 49 Marcar, Miiriel KnoUys, Richard 35 Marchant,— SeeLe L. Ladyman, Mary 1723 Lambert, Richard 31 Lane, Arthur Benjamin Esq. 49 Langhan, John 18 Lascellas, Edwin Esq. 46-7 Lawley, Elizabeth, Lady 30 Lawton, Susanna ^6 Lawrence. Herbert 45 Lee, Bethia 48 Leighton, Col. Francis 46-7 Leman, James 45 Le Marchant, William Esq. 52 M. Marchant Marsh, Mary Marshall, Sarah Mariott, Benjamin JIartin, Thomas JIartyn, Richard Master, Legh Esq. Mathews, James May Bartholomew Medlycott, Thomas Medows, Ann ,, Frances Mee, Jlary Mendes,— See Da Costa. Merry, Richard Mertins,'John Henry Metcalf Sarah 17:;i 4-1 43 47 20 31 57 22 51 49 2;i 51 29 23 31 34 1744-5 21 52 86 29 33 46 53 18 34 42 43 44 43 23 53 47 LNDEX TO MARRIAGES. 29 Meyers, Sophia MicliL'l, Dorothy „ Matliew Esq. Minet, Uanicl Miller, Elizabctli Mills, Willjam JliUes, Tliornas Molyneux, Sir Capel, bart., Moncaster, Mary Monier, Mary Montagu, Richard Moody, Elizabeth Ann Moore, Christiana Mordauiit, Mary Morgan, Elizabeth ,, Margaret Morland, Elizabeth Morris, Benjamin ,, Edmund c;iq. ,, Lawrence, ,, Mary ,, \'alentine esq- Moseley, Isaac Mountague, Elizabeth Mundy, James Mussenden, Hill esq. N. Nash, Harry Nettleton, Robert e.sq. Newman Caroline Nichols, Norton ,, William Nicholson, Bridget „ James ,, Joseph Nickols, Thomas NicoU, Elizabeth Morris, John Northey, Rebecca „ William esq. Norton, Lady Frances 1752 Nott, Antony 17-32 2!) Noyes, Richard, esq, 47 48-9 23 22 27 0. 20 Olden, Benjamin 1745 47 Olfield, Mary .33-4 45 Osgood, Thomas 52 50 Owen, Hannah 33 41 „ John 49 52 „ Lydia 45 50 48 27 54 P- id Packington, Herbert Perrot 1721 48 Palmer, Ann 30 21 „ Eliakini 40 24 „ Harriet 57 44 Parker, Martha 51 48 „ Philadelphia 39 53 „ Thomas Esq. 41 2.3 Parry, Elizabeth 7fi 30 „ llarrieit 43 36 ,, Michael 21 „ Thomas 49-5(1 Paskell, Jane 48 Paxton, Ann 46 Peake, Robert 28 1733 Peel, Esther 47 50 Peell, Ann 40-1 53 Peers, Thomas, 27 41 Pennington, Catharine 31 22 Penton, Elizabeth 47-8 21 „ Stephen 33 21 Peter, Simon 19 53 Peterson, Arabella 52 37 „ Peter 51 36 Peters, Elizabeth 27 28 Peyton, John 35 19 Philips Elizabeth 26 21 Phillips, James 48 24 Pierce, Hannah 48 30 INDEX TO MARRIAGES. Pinfold, Renea Pinnell, Thomas Pitt, Mary Plant, Henry Pockley, Christian Pond, Deborah Poole, Joseph Popham, Stephen Porten, Samuel Powel, Manse), esq. Powell, James Powlet Hon. Catherine Prince, Godwin Prttchard, Robert R. Ramsden, Thomas, esq. Ravenliill, John Reason, William Reddall, Margaret Reed, Joseph Reeve, Martha Regis, Rev. Dr. Bathazar Rey, John Reynolds, Richard ,, Thomas Rhodes, Ann Ridley, Margaret Riggs, Richmond Ripley, Thomas Rippon, Ann Robarts, Abraham Robinson, Elizabeth ., Hannah ,, John „ Mary Rolfe, George Rondeau, Jane Ross, Alexander Roth, James Roundtree, John Rutherford, Sarah Rutt, Esther 1746-7 S. 36 28 St. Quention, Sir William Bart. 1724 48 Salt, Samuel esq. 4(i 28 Salter, Lydia 18 29 Salwey, Hannah 35 53 Sambridge, Charles 21 33-4 Sambrook, Catherine 23 31 Sanderson, Sir William Bart. 31 33-4 Santi, Mary 52 52 Sanxay, Edmund 44 48-9 Sayer, Henry 29 41 Sellis, Ann 48 21 Selwyn, Charles 18 Shadwell, Sir John 2(i Shaw, Judith 25 Shelley, Dorothy, 19 ,, Elizabeth 33-4 1743 „ Richard esq. Shelton, Diana 52 33-4 19 Sheppard, Thomas .54 33-4 Sherman, Margaret 21 51 Shewell, Ann 43 30 Shipton, Ann 36 20 Shower, Jo'm 36-7 55 23 Shrimpton, John Siggins, Mary 47 49 47 Simpson, Elizabeth 47 39 Smallman,Edward 24 52 Smith, John Lewen 51 39 „ jNIary 18 28 ., Mary 29 50 ,, Sarah 42 18 ., Thomas 49 39 46-7 Soley, Ann „ Catlierine 19 24 53 45 Southern, William Speed, Frances 25 21 46 ,, Richard 40 19 Spencer, Charles 44 43 Stainsby, Richard 22 43 19 Stanfield, Joseph Staples, Rebecca 31 41 33 Stephens, Henry 18 52 50 Stevens, Sarah Stoakes, Bejamin 43 36 INDEX TO MARRIAGES 31 Stone, Mavcia 1723 „ Margaret 1722 Streck, Rebecca 35 Turton, Mary 48 Strickland, William esq. 23 Tyrell, Martha 37 Strong, Letitia 30 33 Stun, JIartha Summers, Leah 28 u. Sumner, William 39 Swayney, Christiana 19 Usher, John 174S Sydserfe, Margaret 42-3 Tanner, Elizabeth Tate, Catherine „ Mary Taylor, Peter Tempest, Jonothan Temple, John Tenoe, Theodosia Terry, Martha Theobald, Martha Thomas, Alexander „ Dorothy ,, Margaret ,, William esq. Thompson, Ann ,, Elizabeth „ Elizabeth „ Elizabeth ,, Rebecca „ Richard Thornton, Bethia Thorpe, Catherine Thursby, Elizabeth Thwaite, Frances Thvvaites, Mary Tily, Joseph Tooke, Lethieullier Toulson, Eleanor, Towers, Robert Townsend, Joseph Travis, Robert Trayton, Nathaniel 'burner, Deborah 1739 20 23 40 18 32 27 28 40 49 40 22 42-3 48-9 44 48 49 24 30 21 28 31 27 23 30 52 51 31 37 69 39 45 V, Valentine, Thomas Vanhatten, Eliza Vassmer, Elizabeth Vaughan, Elizabeth ,, Jane Vigor, William Vernon, Thomas' Esq. w. Walker, Ann ,, Rachael ,, William Wallace, Margaret Waller, Thomas Wallis, Marmaduke Walthoe, Martha Ward, Joseph esq. Warden, Prudence ,, Thomas esq. W^ardman, Mary Warmon, William Warnengham, Bridget Arabella Warner, Elizabeth Warren, Sir George K,B. Watson, Ann „ Kev. John Waylett, Elizabeth Wearge, Clement esq. Weaver, Jane Webb, Nathaniel ,, Sarah Webster, Abigail 1723 53 55 39-40 51 43 36 1747 18 47 53 36 42 36 40-1 32 28 53 24 64 41 39-41 1 34 23 52 44-5 21 21 32 INDEX TO MARRIAGES. Weldou, Thomas esq. 1747-8 Wightwick, John 1719 Wellard, Joseph 53 Wildey, Elizabeth 39 Wellock, Mary U Williams, Lawrance esq. 48-7 Wentworth, John 31 Williamson, Talbot est] 52 ,, Thomas esq. 20 Wilson, George 48 West, Thomas .52 ,; Robert 32 Westbrooke, Elizabeth 41 Winch, Hobert 47-S Westly, John 27 Wincot, Alaiy 43 Weston, Eobert 44 Wingfield, Mary 47-8 Wheel Lr, Ann 24 Wood, John ■17 Wliite, Elizabeth 49 „ Sarah 49-50 ,. Mary 22 Woolball, Catherine 56 Whitfield, Thomas, alias Geers, 31 Wren, Thomas 18 Whitmore, John 43 Wright Henry 42 Wicliham, Grace 36 „ Mary IS Wiggett, Samuel 25 „ Richard 39 Wight, John 39 Wyatt, Judith 30 Wightman, Sharclloiv 4:i Wynne, Elizabeth 35 FINIS, INDEX TO 15APTISMS -Geaiiclerk, Ann ,. Charlotte ,. Henry „ Henry „ JNIartlia „ Wary Blackwcll. ,T,>hn Burrow, Jane Clayton, Charles , , .Joseph „ Willianr ( uUum, Kieh.'ird „ — See Smith. Dawson, Jane ,, Joseph Dixie, Williai^i Garriek, David „ Nathan Hareourt. Philip Francis J "19 id 45 70 47-S 43 55 5t> 44-; 41 49 fiZ 42 41 75 54 Jones. John Keene, Ann Caroline Lake, Anna Maria Latimer, Ann ,, Arahella ,, Catherine ,. William Lee, John Maud, Sarah Powell, Catherine ;, D.ivid Thomas ,, Henry Thomas Proctor, Catherine Somerset Smith, Sarah Travis, Elizalieth Dorothea Tyler, Edward ,, Jane Wilson, Robert IM.j 70 38 68 71 74 CO 57 40 72 71 7-t -15-Ii 68 70 34 33 32 [NDEX TO BURIALS. Allen, Mrs. Bodens Mrs. Bowen, Mrs. Sarali „ Mr. Thomas ,, William esq Buroess; U.aniel „ Daniel 1725 Holt, Mrs, 4(17 Howe, Miss Sophia 52 Hume, Miss Penelopy 52 Hutton, Thomas esq. 50 Lee; Mrs. of Lord Litt 41 Proctor, William esq. 46-7 Watson, Mrs. V 1 N IS. 1752 20 40 7 25 y 20 58 70 London; Printed by J. Bacon, 5, HcHid Court, Holboic, W.C. LIST {)¥ SliFnSOKIBEilS. Sib Chables Yu ltng, Gartcr-Kiug-at-Arms, HLTalds Cullege, London. George E. Adams, Esq., Rouge Dragon, Heralds College, London, The Hon. Lord Monson, Burton Hall, Lincoln. Rev. George H. Dashwood, Stow-Bardolph, county Norfolk. Rev. Charles J. Robinson, Healaugh Vicai'age, Tadcaster. Yorlcsli',-?. Rev. Humphrey F. Hall, Debden Rectory, Essex. (2 copies.) Sidney Young, Esq., -i, Martins Lane, City, London. E.G. J. H. Cooper, Esq,, Town Hall, Cambridge. Dr. Tliorne, HaiTow Road, Paddington, London, W. Dr. Rimbault, 29, St. Mark's Cresent, Regent's Park, London, IST.W. F. G. West, Esq. Horham Hall, Essex. George Burgess, Esq. Genealogist, 18, Lincoln Street, Bow Road, London, E. Dr. Sykes, Whitby, Yorkshire. William Price, Esq., 4, Castle Street, Abergavenny. Rev. Beaver H. W. Blacker, M.A., Eokeby, Blaokroek, Dublin. B. H. Beedham, Esq. Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire. Mr. Francis Lyne, Guildsborough, Northamptonshire. James P. D. Camp, Esq. 36, Hoxton Square, London, N. Valentine Hurst, Esq., Genealogist, St. John's Street, Smithfield, London. James Martin, Esq., Duke Street, St. James's, London, S.W. Arthur John Knapp, Esq., Llanfoist House, Clifton, Bristol. W. H. Cooke, Esq. F.S.A,, 4, Elm Court, Temple, London, E.G. S. J. Addis, Esq. 49 & 50, Worship Street, Finsbuiy, London. N.E, (3 Copies) Mr. Charles Powell, Stroud, Gloucestershire. Mr. Richard Hart, Westbury, Gloucestershire. Mr. William Coleman, Arlingham, (2 Copies) Duncan Thackray, Esq. Armagh, Ireland- ON THE ENGRAVED PORTRAITS PRETENDED POKTRAITS MILTON. BY JOHN FITCHETT MAESH, ESQ. Extracted fkom the Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire AND Cheshire. Vol. XII, 1859-60. LIVERPOOL : T. BEAKELL, PEINTEH, COOK STKEET. isen. CONTENTS. iNTEODrCTORY OesERYATIOXS POBTKAITS IMMEDIATELY OR REMOTELY DERIVED FKOM AUTHENTIC SOURCES, VIZ. &C. 110 1]7 122 „ 124) V^b „ 127) Janssen's Portrait (num'bered 1 to The Onslow Portrait ( ,, 5 ,, Marshal's Eugraving ( „ 21 ,, Faithorue's Engravrng ( ,, 24 ,, Others derived from the Faithorne Portrait . ( ,, 54 ,, The White Portrait ; or Simon's Fo. Mezzotint ( „ 07 „ The White-Eichnrdson Likeness ( ,, 70 „ The White-Vertue Likeness ; or Yerttie (1725) ( ,, 77 ,, The White-A^andergucht Likeness . . . . ( ,, 89 ,, The Baker Drawing, &c ( „ 02 ,. Vertiie's Eugraving (1750) f ,, 105 .. Portraits derived from Busts, Medallions, Seals Hollis's Bust Eichardsou's Etcdiings Milton Victonoiis over Salmasiiis . . . Eysbrack's Monument Miscellaneous Busts Medallions Seals Pretended Portraits The Cooper Miniature Du Eoveray's Print Craig's Drawing Peck's Mezzotint The Elderton Miniature Yertue's Eichardson Portrait The Chesterfield Portrait The Strawhen^ Hill Portrait The Capel Lofft Portrait - Portrait in Dr. "Williams's Library Pye's Print Page's Print The Falconer Miniature Notice of dndescribed Prints, Pictures, &c. . 20) ■ri) 6P,) 00) CO) 76) 88 I 11!) 1-4) :ij9j 110) 121, 128 131 137 130) 130) UO) 141 „ liC) - ) - ) - ) - ) - ) 15i) - ) 156 „ 157) 158 — ) 159 — ) 160 — ) 161 „ 164) 147 148 149 150 151 152 155 PAGE 3 12 14 17 20 24 26 27 29 31 32 85 36 id. 37 89 id. 40 id. 41 id. id. 45 46 id. 47 id. 48 id. id. 49 50 id. id. ' 62 ON THE ENGRAVED PORTExilTS AND PRETENDED PORTRAITS OF MILTON. Pry John FitcheU Marsh, Esq. While volumes have been written on the portraits of Shakespeare, the information obtainalile respecting those of Alilton is conlined to a few scattered notes of his liiogi-aphers and commentators, the most copious account being one in Todd's Life, copied, with some additions, from Mr. Warton's note to Milton's Greijk epigram, " In efKgiei ejus sculptorem." The reason for this scarcitj' of information is iiot that less is known of the portraits of our greatest epic, than of those of our greatest dramatic poet, but that, on the contrary, more being known, less has been left to con- jecture ; but, unfortunately, the existing materials have been so used by successive commentators — each adopting and adding to the mistakes of his predecessors — as to produce an amount of confusion from which it is my hope to assist in extricating the subject. The olijects I propose to myself in the present paper are, to examine the relation in which the usually received [lortraits stand to each other, to collect the scattered notices of them, and thus to render them available for the illustration of a connected series of representations of the poet's features. It is of engraved POfiTRAiTS only that I propose to treat, having no opportunities for making myself acquainted with the original pictures and drawings. The extent of the materials for a catalogue is greater tlian perhaps would be generally supposed : for while Granger's list comprises 37 portraits, Bromley's only 25, and Evans's 42, I have been enabled not only to compile a catalogue of 164, but to produce upwards of 150 fir your inspection. The portrait painted at the age of ten, now in the possession of iTr. Disney; that at the age of twenty-one, purchased from the executor of Milton's widow by Speaker Onslow; the print engraved by Marshal, for the first edition of the minor poems, in 1645 ; and that prefixed to the first edition of the History of Britain, inscribcil " Oul. Faitliorne ad vivum " delin. et sculpsit, 1070," at tlie age of 0-i, funn a beiies of unqaestionalile autlieuticity, taken at various periods of the Poet's life, and presenting such maidvod difi'erence of feature as to create no risk of mistake or con- fusion among them. Tlieir pecuharities and history will be more filly noticed when we come to describe tbern in detail ; but tlie name of Faithorne has been so unwarrantably rnixcd up with ihe mistakes and falsifications which I shall presently have lo expose, that it will be con- venient, before proceeding further, to describe the characteiistics by which his celebrated engraving, and the large number, of portraits derived from it, may be distinguished. Jf, in duiug tins, 1 say little about expression and features, it is because they are more easily conveyed to the mind by actual inspection than described by words, and because the caprice or incompetence of engravers may readily produce such a vnriatiiai in them as effectually to disguise the source from which their subject has been derived ; whereas peculiarities of dress and attitude, though in some I'ospects secondary considerations, are usually found so persistently pre- served as to furnish satisfactory evidence of a coinmoii origin. The Faithorne engraving, then, may be distinguished by the following charac- teristics : — The i'ace is turned in the same direction as the bust. There is a broad Genevan band,-- the nearer half of which lies quite straight, and the other half falls in several folds, beneatti which is seen a tassel. * .'\s we stiall liuvp to mention the distinguishing" costniues of the various portraits, it will be well to explain the sense in which several terras are used, especially as the name of the modern aciideniic badge cojmects the idea of " bands", in po2)ular estima- tion, rather with the rjenevan han if.;. The drapery, Nvliicli falls so as to cover tlie vest except tlie two upper buttons, is ch'awn rather tight over the nearer shoulder. A thick fold, a little below, takes a direction more nearly approaching the horizontal ; and below tlrct, the edge or a thin fold of the material takes a peculiar curve from one side of tlie figure to the other. Leaving these distinctive marks to be borne iu mind when we come to compare the portraits with which this original has been confounded, I will proceed to notice the circumstances from which the confusion I refer to has arisen. Several applications seem to have been made to Deborah Clarke, Milton's youngest daughter, who survived him until the year 17:27, for her opinion on the autlienticity of supposed portraits of her father. The first is related in a letter from Vertue to IMr. Christian, the seal engraver, preserved in the British "Museum, 'i- and is as follows : " INIr. Christian — Pray inform my Lord Harleyf that I have on Thursday " last seen the Daughter of Milton the Poet. I carry 'd with me two or " three different Prints of Milton's picture which she immediately knew to " be like her father & told me her mother in Law (if I living in Cheshire) " had two pictures of him, one when he was a school boy & the other when " about § twenty. Slie knows of no other picture of him because she was "several jears in L'eland — both before & after his Death. She was the " youngest of JMilton's daughters by his first wife and was taught to read " to her father several Languages. Mr. Addison was desirous to see her " once — & desired she would bring with her Testimonials of her being " Milton's daughter. But as soon as she came into the Boom he told her " she needed none, her face haveing much of the likeness of the pictures " he had seen of him. For my part T find the features of her Face very * Tliis letter has been printed in the Geiit. Mug. (IS-jl) ; in the Meuiuirs of Thuiuas Hollis ; iind in Ivimey's and Masson's Biograpliies, and perhaps elsewhere. In some of these the reference is 'to Harl. MSS. HWi, f. 17ii, and in others to Add. MSS. 5nlG*, /'. 71. The Ihet is that the former is the original letter, and the latter a transcript of it in the handwriting of Dr. Birch, which, though nearly accurate, has, from its not being quite so legible as the original, led to inaccuracies in subsequent copies. Having stumbled on tliis fact at the Museum, I took the trouble of collating the two manu- scripts ; and tlie letter in the text is a literatim copy of the original. + Lord Henley. I Iiiiucij's L/Je of Millon, ]}. 3'-i'3.) I The "if" is omitted ia Birch's copy. Vertue had originally written '■ is," but altered it with the pen. The doubt expressed, though immaterial to our present p>u-pose, is confirmatory of observations I have mude elsewhere on the inditference with which Milton's widow was spoken of by his family. § '' Above" in Birch's copy. "much like the Prints, I showd her the Paiuting 1 have to engrave "which she beheves not to he her Father's picture, it being of a Brown "complexion & black hair & curled locks — ou the contrarj' he was of a " fair complexion a little red in his cheeks & light brown lanck hair. I " desire you woud acqitaiot BIr. Prior I was so unfortunate to wait on him " on Thursday morning last just after he was gone out of Town — it was " with-' this intent, to enrjuire of him if he remembers a picture of Milton "in the late Lord Dorsett's collection — as I am told this f was — or if lie " can inform me how I shall enquire or know the truth of this affair. I " shoud be much obliged to him — being very willing to have all certainty " on that account before I begin to engrave the Plate — that it may be the " more satisfactory to the Publick as well as to my self. The sooner you " can communicate this the better — because 1 have to resolve which " I cant well do till I have an answer, which will much oblige, Your "Friend to command, Geo. Vertue. Saturdiiy, Aug. 12, 17-21. To Jlr. " Charles Christian." The elder Richardson, in his "Explanatory Notes and Piemarks on " Milton's ' Paradise Lost,' " published in 1734, inserted an etching " from " an excellent original in crayons," in his po^session, ami which he states in his introduction (p ii.) he had reason to believe Milton sat fur not long before his death. In a subsequent passage (p. xxxvi) be relates, as an evidence of Deborah Clarke's tender remembrance of her fatlier, that " this picture in crayons was shewn lier after several others, or which were " pretended to be his. When those were shewn, and she was asked if she " could recollect if she had ever seen such a face, ' No, no'; bat when this " was produced, — in a transport — ' 'Tis my father — 'tis my dear father — " I see him — 'tis him ;' and then she put her hands to several parts of her " face- ' Tis the very man — here — here.' " In the "Memoirs of Thomas Hollis," edited in 1780 by Archdeacon Blackliurne, is inserted a print drawn and etched by Cipriani, from a portrait in crayons in the possession of Messrs. Tonson, which, at p. 619, is described as "a drawing in crayons by ^Villiam Faithorne, now in the • " With" (iniitted in Bivcli's rdpy. + "As I aii) told //«?;■sed through successive hands until the present time, without one of the gentlemen quoted thinking "ft necessary to compare the published portraits whicli they thus hastily assumed to have been engraved from a common original. In one instance it is curious to watch the effect of the mistake while two disputants ai-e playing at cross purposes on the subject. In the discussion to wdiich I shall have to make more particular reference in speaking of the Cooper miniature, and in which Sir Joshua Pieynolds, under the signature of " R. J.," discussed with Lord Hailes its pretensions to be accepted as a portrait of Milton, the former writes (Gent. Mag., LXI, G03): — " In regard to the drop serene wo 10 " can assure your correspondent that it is not visible in the miniature, and " that he is mistahcn in saying that it is visible in the crayon picture by " Faithorne." Lord Hailes replies (p. 880) with sarcastic ingenuity :^" It " is said that the gutta serena, or rather its consequence, is not visible in " Faithorue's drawing of Slilton. I never saw it ; but I supposed that it " represented Milton as blind, because Richardson's etching represented " him so : and if Ricljardson has misled me, I must regret that I put my " trust in a painter and connoisseur." The explanation, is obvious. Reynolds, whether speaking from a knowledge of the crayon drawing in the possession of tlie Ton^ons, from Cipriani's copy from it, or from Faithorne's engraving, was justified in describing it as giving no indication of Milton's blindness ; whereas Hailes, imagining that he was speaking of the same drawing, had reference to liicbardson's etching from another, one of the special merits of which was its rendering of the peculiar expres- sion arising from the gutta serena, on which sulject some observations of Richardson are quoted below. "VA'hat, then, was the "excellent original in crayons" from which Richardson made his etching in 1734, and which was recognized by Deboi'ah Clarke as so striking a likeness of her father ? In considering this question I have Ijeen led to attacli an unexpected degree of importance to a folio mezzotint, inscribed " Fi. AVbite ad vivum delin. .J. Simon fecit," the precise date of which I have been unable to ascertain. I am told it is a rare print, though I find it marl^ed at a trifling price in Evans's cata- logue, but I was not avrare of its rarity until after I had discovered its importance. I have seen no copy except my own. There is none in the British Museum ; and it is not mentioned either in Granger or Bi'ouiley. Bryan, also, in his Dictionary of Painters and Engravers, fails to particu- larize it among Simon's worl;s ; but his editor, Stanley, mentions Milton's among the heads engraved by that artist. AVhat I here wish particularly to remark, with reference to tliis portrait, is its exact correspondeuce with Richardson's etching of 1734. The former continues the drapery lower down the figure, so as, in fact, to constitute a half length ; but with this exception, and the wholly unimportant one of the portrait being reversed, every word of the description I have given of Pdchardson's etching is pjrecisely applicable to Simon's mezzolint. The laureate wreath, however, with which, in both, the head is encircled, and which at first seemed one of the most satisfactory points of identity, presents a difficulty : the elucida- 11 tion of it will depend in a great measure on the date of Simon's print, which I have not yet been able to ascertain. Eichardson expressly says (p. ii.) : — " Tlie laurel wreath is not in the picture ; the two lines under it " are my reason for putting it there — not what otherwise would be "imagined : all the world has given it hini long since." The presence of the laurel wreath in both prints cannot be explained away as a coinci- dence : for leaf liy leaf, with the exception of a single leaf inserted in Simon's (the highest of the further branch), but omitted in IJichardson's, the one wreath is a servile copy of the other. If, then, Simon's mezzotint was published pi'evious to 17o4, how comes it that Eichardson, tlms proved to liave been familiar with it, avoids all allusion to it, asserts the wreath to bo his own idea, and does not attrilnite the "excellent original," which he says he " has reason to believe Milton sate for not long before his deatli," either to Boberl White or to any other artist by name ? If Simon's print was published subsequent to 173-i, the identity of the wreaths proves him to have been the cojiyist ; and if so, on wdiat evidence did he inscribe his print with " E, White ad vivum delineavit ? " Tliese questions I am cotnpelled to leave unanswered. Internal evidence would tend to the conclusion that Simon's had priority in date, from the fact that the con- tinuatioir of the folds, as above noticed, accounts for the- direction of the lines of drapery in Eichardsou's etcliing, which are otherwise unmeaning. The truth is worth arriving at, if possible.* The result would probably affect the qucslit^n whether there i:- good ground for retaining the name of White as the original artist, as 1 have ventured to do below for distinc- tion's sake : but it would leave untouched the fact that the two prints had a common origin in a portrait, the vot-acity of wdiich was confirmed by the best authority — that of Slilton's d.iii,_;hter. • The only clue I am aware of is the names of tlie tn'o firms of publishers — " sold " by T. Bowles in Paul's Cliurch-yard and J. Bowles in Cornhill." Tlie period during which tliese two firms existed contemporaneously might possibly be ascertained ; hut it would only enable us to ascertain the minimum antiquity of the print ; for one of our most eminent priulsellers tells me he has an impression of having seen it ^^ith an earlier imprint than that of the firms of Bowles. The date of 1738 is assigned tiy Bromley to a folio mezzotint of Pope by J. Faber, from a picture painted by Kneller in 1721, which is stated to be " jiriuted for Thos. Bowles in St. Paul's Churchyard, and .Tolm Bowles " and Son at the Black Horse in Cornhill." Simon's folio mezzotint of Shakespeare, from a picture attributed to Zoust, is supposed by Boadeii and Wivell to ha-\-e been jiub- lished in or about 172.5 ; and bis folio mezzotint of Pope, from a painting hy Dahl, is dated by Bromley 1728 ; but the first was by another publisher, and the second has no publisher's name. Bowles of the Black Horse is repeatedly mentioned in connection with the life of Hogarth; see the papers in the first vol. of the Cornhill Jfagazine. 13 I consider the same originul lo have been ihe source from which, with more or less artistic liceusc, were derived Vertue's celebrated head of 17'25 ; I. Vauderguclit's folio ; another en,i,'vaving hy Vertiie, greatly altered in expression and costume, in 175t) ; and lastlj', an engraving by Miller, inserted in an edition of ivewtou's Milton, published by the Tonsons in 1750, and of which I consider the original is likely enough to have been the drawing which passed from the possession of the Tonsons to Mr. Baker, as stated by Todd and Cunningham, or at least another drawing irorn the same original. All these portraits will be duly described below, and treated (to borrow a jihrase from physical science) as iijplcal forms, in connection with which I have thought it desirable to arrange the various prints to which they have respectively given rise. That all these are trustworthy representations of our great poet I am far from as-erting. On the contraiy, the extent to which various engraver's have departed from the originals they professed to copy is absurd enough ; but I have treated them as autlieatic to this extent, that their origin can be traced directly or reniiitely to portraits the histoiy of wliich is satisfactorily shewn, or ■which have been vouched by the family of the poet. To these succeed the prints which have been derived from monuments, busts and seals. Tliere remain a reniaikable vaiiety of portraits, which have been published with the name of Milton, some of which may be — others cannot possibly be — and none, in rny opinion, are satisfactorily proved to be from pictures intended to represent him. The history of these portraits, or pretended portraits, will more conveniently be noticed when we come to describe them ; and I will now proceed with my cata- logue in the order I have indicated, JaXSSEn's POETP.AIT. The name of this artist has been given by common consent — though I know not on what authotity, prior to that of Cipriani, except the judgment of connoisseurs — to the picture referred to liy Aubrey, in his notes written shortly after Milton's death (/;. 3.'i7 in (Juilirin's repiinl): — "A" B"' 1019 " he was ten yeares old as by his picture and was then a poet : his school " master then was a Puritan in Essex who cutt hi, liaire sliort," that is not his Oi\n haif, but the hair of his pupil, as explained bv Professor Masson (p. 51, n.j. It was one of tlie piitures which remained in the possession of Milton's '^idow until her death in 17;i7, and were enumerated 13 in the testamentary inventory of her effects, which I had the jileasure of bringing under the notice of the Historic Society in 1855. On the 3rd of June, 17(30, it was purcliased by Mr. HoUis, at tlie sale by auction of the effects of Mr. Charles Stanliope, who liad mentioned to him, about two months before, tliat he had bought it of the executors of Milton's widow for twenty guineas. {Memoirs of Tlioiiias Mollis, p. 95.) Wartou men- tions that the price at which it was purcliased at Stanhope's sale was thirty-one guineas, and that Lord Harrington wishing to have tlie lot returned, Mr. Hollis replied that his lordsliip's whole estate should not repurchase it. (Warton, p. 530 n., ed. 1791.) It was this picture which Mr. Hollis was so careful to preserve on the occasion of his lodgings being on fire a few months subsccpent to his purchase. The story is told in his memoirs, p. 106. The picture passed, with the other antiquities and cuiiosities collected by Mr. Hollis, to Mr. Thomas Brand Hollis, who left them by will to his friend Or. Disney, and is now in the possession of his grandson, Edgar Disney, Esq., of the Hyde, near Ingatestone. It is described by Professor Masson as about twenty-seven inches by twenty in si/e, with the frame, the portrait set in a dark oval, and with the words "John Milton, getatis sure 10, Anno 1018" inscribed on the paint in con- temporary characters, but no painter's name. This minuteness of descrip- tion is important witlr reference to another portiait, to be mentioned shortly, which has been confounded with the present one. The first engraving from Mr. Disney's picture was that published in Hollis's memoirs : — 1. lohn Milton. Drawn and etched MDCCLX by I. B. Cipriani, a Tttscan, from a picture painted by Cornelius Johnson MDCXVIII, liow in tbe possession of Tlionias HoUis, of Lincoln's Inne, F.R. and A.SS. Portrait enclosed in an oval wreath of roses ; and below, as in all the prints engraved under the direction of the HoUises, their favorite device of the Cap of Liberty. {See Dibdin's Lib, Cojii. 555 n.) Subjoined ai-e some lines from "Paradise Regained," which Professor Masson con- siders were really written by the poet with some reference to his own recollections of himself as a child : — " When I was yet a child, no childish i>lay To me was pleasing," &c. The print is mentioned in Granger and Bromley. 2. lohn Milton. /Etat. 10. From an original picture m the collection of Thomas Brand Hollis, Esq., near the Hyde, Essex. Corneliits Janseu pinxit. 14 W. N. Gnnliner soulp. ; an oval, (j.'2x5.9*iij plute, 9.8 x O.'i ; published June 4, 1704, by Jolm and Jo^iah Bnydell and Georgo Nicol, in tlie sumptuous eelitiou of the Poetical Works, in 3 vols, royal iVilic), known as Boydell's Milton. 3. Milton. jEtat. 10. Aftm- a pbotogTiiph from the original picture, in the possession of Edgar Disney, Esq., of the Hyde, Ingatestone, Essex; engraved by Edwai'd liadflviie ; a beai.Ulful line engraving, forming one of the illit-ilrations to the first volume of Massou's Lil'e of Milton. 4. Anon. ^Vn engraving alnmst in outline, forming an illustration to the '* Geulicman's Magazine" (1787), vol. Ivii, p. 750, in which is i^rinted a letter signed "Z. Z.," dated from tJxford, ond sendi)jg the drawing from whicli this is engraved, and which it states " a friend, who lives there, has obligingly suffered to be taken "from a picture in his possession. It is oiu wnod. At top is ' A° IG'2-'!. ^t. suis "'12.' In the hands of the figure is a book with 'Homer's Ilhtds ' oti the leaves. " The hair is j'ed. Tliis drawing is very like, only perhaj^is somewhat older than '* the picture." A c^irrespondent, at p. w02 of the same voluml^ points out the identity of the portrait with that engraved by Cipriani in Hollis's Memoirs — adds that the dates correspond (which, however, is not the case) — and signs his com- munication " Q. E. D." This is getting on rather too fast, for it is evident there were two portraits in existence ; but though, in additinn to the discrepancies apparent from the above notice, the sketchy outline of the print shews a marked difference in costume (tlie srpiare-frduted erect band of ]\Ir. Disney's portrait being rejilaced by a falling-band of similar pattern +), the resemblance in feature between the two portraits is too close to have been the result of accident. That a copy of the original picture should have been taken while it was in the possession either of Mrs. Milton, her executor, Mr. Stanhope, or Mr. Hollis, is improijable, and we are (hiven to the conjecture either that the painter of Mr, Disney's jjortrait (wliellier Janssen or some one else) wa.s taiiUed with a mannmism wliich ■wunld deprive his pictures of all claim to individuiility, or that, being employed to ]';)lnt another portrait of the young schtdar at tlie age of twelve he had maije free use of his original picture. This snpposition would still lea\e an error of at least two years unaccounted for, if the date 1023 hi' cuiTcci.ly printpd in tlie " ("iratL-man's Maga- . '* zine," and I scarcely dare offer it even as a conjecture : but if it should turn out to be correct, it would fnlbjw iluit thi:re niay yet be in existence an alnmst unknown portrait of Milton, with better claims to authenticity than some which have had Jheii' pretensions more loudly asserted. The Onsloav Por/irAiT. By ihis name is known tlie otlier of the two portraits enumerated in the inventory of Mrs. Milton's effects. AVarton (p. 530, ed. 1791) says, that * The measurements are throughout in inches and tenths. + See note on Buffs and Bands, ante. No, -1. No. 6. 15 " by some it is suspected not to be a portrait of Milton." By whom sus- pected, or on what grounds, I know not. There are few portraits with a better authenticated pedigree. Its existence, in the custody of ]\Irs. Milton, was known to Aubrey, wlio wrote in IGSl (p. 337 of Godwins reprint) : — " His widowe has his picture draune {very well and like) when " a Cambridge schollar : she has liis picture when a Cambridge scliollar, " which ought to be engraven ; for the pictures before his bookes" [alluding to Marshal's in 1045 and Faithornc's in 1070] " are not at all like him : " and made a memorandum (p 345,) to "write his name in red letters on "his picture with his widowe to preserve." In 1721 Deborah Clarke informed Vertue (see his letter above) that her mother-in law, if living, in Cheshire, had two pictures of him, one wdien he was a school-boy, and the other when he was about twenty. In 1731, only four years after Mrs. Milton's death, we find it in the possession of Mr. Speaker Onslow, and engraved by Vertue ; and as late as 1794 it was stated in the inscription to the engraving in Boydell's Milton to be "in the possession of Lord " Onslow, at Clandon, in Surrey, purchased from the executor of lililton's " widow by Arthur Onslow, Esq., Speaker of the House of Commons, as " certified in his own handwriting on the back of the picture." It is mentioned by Professor Masson (vol. I, p. 978) that the picture is not now in the possession of the present Earl of Onslow. The information I have obtained as to its history since it left his lordship's custody and present place of deposit is such as I do not feel warranted in making public. It is much to be desired that this relic should find a permanent resting place beside the Chandos Shakespeare in the National Portrait Gallery. It seems to have been known to Warton, who observes that " the picture " is handsomer than the engravings, and that the ruff is much in the neat "style of painting ruffs about and before 1028." The engravings from it are numerous : — 5. Joannes Milton. JEt. 21. Vertue, sc. Ex pictura archetypa qiite penes est prsebonoratilem Artliurnm Onslow, Arm : Vertue sc. 1731. 4to. I extract this description from Granger, having heeu unlucky in not meeting with a copy. He mentions that it differs from the next described only in the inscription, Bromley also mentions it. 6. loannes Milton. jEtatis XXI. G. Vertue sculp. 1731 ; in a square panel, with ornamented top, surmounting and partly concealing the top and sides of an oval. The name and age are on two ribaiids below, between which is a circular escutcheon charged with a single-headed eagle (in which Vertue's heraldic know- 16 iedge was at fault, for the eagle borue by Milton was double-headed, as j^i'oved by his two seals *), and heueath is a pedestal, ou the two ends of which stand busts of IIoniiT and Virgil ; and ou the front is iuseribed " Naseuntur Poeti:c, non flunt." Puhli^s]led in Bentlcy's edition of " Parachse Lost," 4to, London, 1732. Mentioned in Grander and Bn^niley. 7. Tlje s;une jilate, with Dryden's lines substituted for the " Nascuntur Poeta, ''non hunt,"' and (lie date badly altered from 1731 to 1747, is prefixed to Newton's etlition of "Paradise Lost," 2 vi.)ls. 4.to, London, 1749, which HoUis's biographer (see p. 117) suppnsod to be the original coutUtiou of the plate. 8. loannes Milton. vEtatis suas 21. G. Yertue sculp. An oval, with sUght scroll ornament at top, and below a riband, with name and age, above a plinth ; size of plate G \ 3.8 ; published in Kewton's edition of " Paradise Eegained," 8vo. London, 1773 ; mentioned by Granger and Eronilcy. 9. John IMilton. In the collection of the Pight Lion. Arthur Onslow, Esq^. Speaker of the House of Common. I. Houbraken sculps. Anist. 1741. Impensis I. & P. Knapton, Londoir, 1741. An oval, re2iresenting masonry, insciibed with name; at foot a pedestal ; and in front of it oiiiaments consisting of a lyre sur- mounted by che_rub bead, a book, serpent with apple, S:e. ; size of plate 14,2 x 8.9. One of the series of foUo plates known as Houbraken's heads; mentioned by Granger and Bromley. 10. Joannes Milton, .Etatis XXI. Andrew Miller fecit, Dublin, 1744; a copy of the last in niezzotmt, including the ornaments, but reversed; and on the pedestal the motto " Nascuntur Poetee, non fiunt ;" size of plate 13.6 X 10.1. 11. lohn Milton. Drawn and etclied MDCCLX by I. B. Cipriani, a Tuscan, at the desire of Thomas Plollis, F.E. and A. S3., h-om a picture in the collection of the Eight Hon. Arthur Onslow^ Speaker of the Commons Plouse of Parliament. Portrait enclosed in an oval, formed by intertwining boughs of laiu-el, and below Milton's sonnet — " How soon liAth time," ko. The print is mentioned by Granger and Bromley, and forms one of the series in HoUis's Memou-s. 12. John Miltun. In the collection of the Eight Hon. Arthur Onslow, Esq., Goldar sculpt. Some further lettering has been badly erased. An oval, in a rectangular frame of tooth and egg ijattern ; size of fi'ame 7,5x0.4. 13. John Milton. Published by E. Baldwin, at the Eose, in Pater Noster Eow, 1752, for the London Magazine. An oval, representing masonry of four voussoii's, with name inscribed, and resting on a plinth ; size of plate 5.7 x4.1. 14. John Milton. An oval, representing masonry of sis vonssou's, with seg- ments cut otf at top, bottom, and sides; no plinth; name at foot; size of plate 4.7x3.*/; in the fifth volume of the British Biv^(^ jiXkirojv. Tav d' iKTViriiiTuv ovk kTriyvovr^Q, £' tlie Fiiitliornfi print "lipfnve tlte plate was redur-eJ." I iiiti not iiware tliat the plate ever was reduci-'d, unless tLe removal of the lower portion fur tlie purpose of the fulio impressions can be so described ; and believe the compiler of the eatalo;Tiie ]iod derived his impression from a hasty inspection of the print ntiw under description. 2S. loannts :\nhuni Etiigies -Etat. 63. 1G71. W. Bolle scnlpsit. A copy, on a reduced stale, from Faithnniu's -itn, and similar in all the avriai-ements ; size of plate 5.1 X 3.1 ; published in the " Arlis Logic® plenior Institutio," l"2mo, London, 1672, and again in the second edition of " Paradise Lost," in 1G74, and the third in 1078 ; mentioned by Griniger. '-20. loannis Hiltoni EfQg"ies jEtat. 63. 1C71. No name of engraver; a close copy of the last except in tiie features, the expressiLUi of which is considerably varied, and the plate is a trifle smaller each way. 30. Mr. .John Milton nbt. anno 1074, cetat. 00. I. Simon fecit. Mezzotint; oval, with a wavy fillet in the two upper corners ; size of plate 0.8 x 5. The only copy I have seen is in the print room of the British Museum, and it is believed to be a portion of the plate desciibed in Bromley's catalogue as a mezzotint, one of four portraits, the others being Beaumont, Fletcher and Cowley : but the orna- mentation is certainly different from those and other uniform portraits with which I am acquainted, published by Bowles in sets of four, by Simon and Faber, all of wMch are in ovals formed of palm branches. The folio mezzotint by Simou, already alluded to and hereafter to be desciibed, must not be confounded with the present print, which is copied fi'om the Eaitliorne j^ortrait. 31. Anon. E. White sculp. Portrait in an oval formed of leaves and bold and peculiar scroll work ; and at f'.iot, in an ornamented parrel, Dryden's hacknied lines, here published for the llrst time :^ " Three i^oets in three distant ages bom," Szc. Size of plate 10.5x7; published in the fourth edition of "Paradise Lost,'' folio, Loudon, 1C88, and various subser[uent editions; mentioned by Granger and Bromley. The costume and attitude proclaim this to be a copy of the Faithorne portrait ; and the features do not vary from it so far as to suggest a doubt on the subject; but yet there is a marked change in them, consisting principally in an increased roundness in the lower part of the face, and less seveiity in the expres- sion. Both these distinguishmg features are also to some extent observable in the folio mezzotint by Simon ; and if the original of the latter was, as it putports to have been, a drawing from the life by Robert White, we may trace to the intlucnee of his actual knowledge of Milton's features the slight deviation from the Faithorne engraving, of which that now under discussion is evidently a copy. 32. loannis Miltoni Elfigies, ob. 1074, zEt. 00. G. Vertue sculp. Portniit in an oval, of which the sides are partly concealed by a kind of architrave, and the top by a curtain, looped up at the left corner by a loosely flowing fillet, and tevmiuating 22 iii a. tassel on ilie rigiit side. On the ctirtnin arc the poeLs name and date of death ns aliove, and in a framed panel nt foot, -witLiu a peculiar scroll, Dryden's lines. Tlic plate appeared in Timson's edition of tlie Poetical Works, in 2 vols., 4to, London, 17'-iO ; mentioned hy Granger and Bromley ; size 8.8 X ("1.1. In tliis, as in the last deisfribed print, tliere is a softened expression, to he accomited for by Vertue's thorougli aciiuaiutiiuee with all the represent-atimts of the features of JMilton, and among others the drtivdug attributed to Wliite, of which, I have come to the conclusion, Vertue made a more direct use in his portrait of 1725. 30. Joannes Miltou. .-Etads LXII. lG-0. G. Yertne sculp. Closely resem- bling the precedhig, and priibably an idferation of the same plate; the diflereuce being that in the print now under description [he lettering on the curtain is the name and age as above, and in the panel at lV)0t Dryden's lin-^s are replaced by a quotation from Homer's Odyssey, 13. viii, 1. ("13. printed in four lines : — " Toj/ Trepi ?.Iovg' K/ji'Xj/Tf," Sec. Published in Bentley's ei.htion of '• Pa.radise Lost,'' 4to, London, 1733 ; mentioned by Granger and Bromley. 3-i. Tbe same phite, with tlie date altered to 1747, was prefixed to the second volume of Newtons edition of "Paradise Lost," 3 vols., 4ta, London, 1749, wbieh Hollis's Biographer (see p. 117) treats as the original condition of the plate. 35. Anon. .J. Gwim sculp. Size 0.0 x 3.7. In the arrangement of the portrait, enrtain, and scroll dieaded panel containuig Dryden's lines, tbere is evidence of this plate having been copied from Vertue's first 4to print after Faithorne. It is a coarse hut scarce print, and is found in Grierson's editimi of tlte " Paradise Lost'' and "Paradise Regained,'' published in Dublin in 17"-24: ; liut it has scarcely the appearance of having been engTaved for the book, which is a 12mo, and the print has to be folded both v^^ays to admit of its insertion. 36. Anon. G.Yertue sculp, (the G. and Y. combmed in one letter.) Pectangle; with Dryden's lines and the iv.wjf " Drydcn" ai font. Granger describes a portrait thus: — "I\Jilton; Yertue sc, sm. 12nio.'' There are several portraits prefixed to Tonson's 12mo editions auil elsewhere, so similar to each other, and to wlfich Granger's description may be intended to refer, that a minute account of this and the two following prints may be desirable. The size of the engraving in the pre- sent, exclusive of the lines, is 3.7x2.8; portrait faeiug towards its proper left; in third line "thought" printed without a capital, and " Sm'pas'd" with capital and one s in last syllable ; in fourth line no comma after " majesty"; in fifth "f/(rther "gof''; and hi sixth ''former tu-o" in italics without capitals. 07. Same description except as follows: — size 3.8x2.0; "Thought" with ca- pital; *' surpass'd'' without capital ; comma after " majesty"; " iValher go"; "Two" in Pomau letters and a capital T ; no name of engraver. 38. Same description except as follows :— size 3.7x2.8; face towards proper right ; " thought" without capital, and " SurviassM " witb ; comma after " majesty"; 23 " tWrllier gCK/'; *' Former" with capiial ;nul '' ticu" in itulics witlmut ; ud uauie of eiig'raver. 30. Milton. G. Vertne sculp. One of live ovals forndng an 8vo page, the centre portrait Leing Cliaucer, and the others Milton, Butler, Cowley ami Wdler ; mnntioned by Granger and "Wulpole. It forms one of the illustrations to Jacob's Poetical Register, 2 vols., Svo, London, 1723, hut the plates have the appearance of having been collected from various sources, and this may previnusly have appeared elsewhere. 40. Anon. Porb-ait in Faithorne costume ^^e., but with still further (hvergence in feature ; in a circle formed by a serpeut, hordered, at a distance of -^^ of an inch, by a circular border, extended at the sides by two shells, and contracted at the top by the boundary of the plate, and at the bottom by a pedestal with the inscription — * * * * Cui mens divinior, atque os Magna sonaturuui * * * * size of entire engraving, which has the appearance of a -sigiiette, 3.8x2.0 ; men- tioned by Granger, who ascribes it to Vertue. Granger describes another plate : — " Milton; in a small round encompassed with " a sei-pent ; Vertue sc." If this be a separate print I have not seen it, and know not whether it wouhl be coiTectly inserted in this 2:)lace. 41. Anon. Portrait in a circle 1.2 in diameter, on a wreathed pedestal, betn'een two sphynxes, in the attitude of heraldic supporters ; appears to be a vig-nette, or cut from a larger plate. 42. The Effigie of John Milton : author of " Paradise Lost." In an oval, on a diapered ground, and partly covered at foot by a border of acanthus leaves, sur- rounding a vignette of the Temptation ; at the corners formed by the lower part of the oval, are several volumes, of which two are open, and are inscribed with the titles of "Comus" and " Lycidas." This is a carefully engraved i^late, measuring probably about 4.7 x 2.7 ; but my copy, which is the only one I have ever seen, has been somewhat cut down. The features have an expression differing considerably from any of the Faithorne portraits before noticed. 43. Milton. G. Faithorne delt., Landon dirext. A copy of the Faithorne print in outline, for the Hist, d' Angleterre. 44. Joannis MUtoai. ^t. LXII. MDCLXX. Gul. Faithorne ad viv. del. Car. Knight sculp. A handsome engra\iiig, in an oval, standing on a pedestal, with name and age as above on the front, and on the base " Sana posteritas sciet"; size of plate 0.5 X 4.4 ; prefixed to Capel Lofft's second edition of the first and second hooks of "Paradise Lost," published at Bury St. Edmunds in 1793. In the preface to his first edition, published in 1702 (p. xxv), he says — -"If any engTa\ing accom- "panies this edition, it will he only tlie portrait of Milton, in the most unembel- 'Mished style, from the engraving which was prefixed to the second edition.'' It is curious that LofFt was at this time, as he admitted in his sultscqucnt edition, unac- 24 ([iuuiilt'd wJlU the (.-Xibteure uf llic raitlioiue |jor(ntil, unU knew it. only I'rciii Dulte's eo^,y. 45. Iiiliii ]\filloii, n;4ed l)'3. EugTiived frrun au ori;;iiial by ^Vi!lialll Faithunie, publisliPfl li;70, Piil)lisli! plule I'J <7.7; in tlie Italian touislaliMn "f "Paradise Lost," Ijy Paulo RoUi, folio, London, I'OG ; meii- tioneil l)y Grander. no. loannes Milton N. Parr senlp. An oval, villi somewhat similar orna- meuts : size of engravinp" 5.7 x '1.2. 91. Giovanni Millon. Antonio Baratti scnl. An oval, on a pedestal : size of plate 6.2x2.9; in the edition of KoUi's translation, puhlished hi 13nio, Paris, 17oS. The Bakt'e Drawing, &c. In my introductory observations I quoted a ptissage from Todd's Life, confounding Faithorne s and Richardson's drawings and one which, after passing through the hands of the Tonsous to j\Ir. Baker, was engraved for Todd's work. In a note at p. 141 of his second edition (1609) Todd w'rites ; — " In the yetir 1670 there was another plate, by Faithorne, from a " drawing in crayons by Faithorne, prefixed to his History of Britain. * * " The piriut htis been several tiroes copied. By an ingenious young artist " a new drawing was taken from Faithorne's picture, (supposed to be the " best likeness extant of tlie poet, and for which he sat at the age of 6?,) " by the kind permission of ^Villiam Baker, Esq., in whose possession it " now is ; from which an engraving was made for my first edition of " Milton's Poetical AVorks. From the same picture the neat engraving in " the present edition is also made. '■'■ ■■'- '■■- The Piichardsons, and next " the Tonsons, before Mr. Btiker, had the admirable crayon drawing above " mentioned. * -•' ■■- This head by Faithorne was etched by Eichard- " son, the father, about 1734, with the addition of a laurel crown to help " the propriety of tlie motto." There is no question that the drawing copied by Cipriani, and which I am ready to admit to have been Faithorne's original drawing, was in the possession of the Tonsons, but I have pointed out that it has no connection with the drawing copied by Richardson ; and a glance at the engravings in Todd's Milton will shew that it had no more connection with the original from which they were taken. The drawing copied by Richardson maij hiive also piassed to the Tonsons, as stated by No. 93 No. 94. 33 Newton, and after him by Warton and Todd. That belonging to INIr. Baker no doubt passed to him from the Tousons. IVly conjecture is that from the drawing copied by Eichardson, and which we have treated as an origiual by White, or still uioro probably from the anonymous etching (No. 75) which we have placed with those of Richardson, the Tousons had a new drawing made, for the purpose of having it engraved for their Baskerville edition (if " Paradise Lost," and that this is the drawing belonging to ]Mr. Baker, and again copied and engraved for each of the editions of Todd's iNlilton. I base this conjecture mahily on the fact that the drapery of the portraits in the Baskerville Milton and in Todd's editions shews an actual identity, though departing slightly from that of the White and White-Piichardson portraits, except the large anonymous etching (No. 75) to whi(;h the resemblance in this i-espect is very close. The attitude also is identical ; and the features do not differ more than may be accounted for to those wdio have gone thus far with me Ijy the inevitable divergence of successive drawings, and from these again having been copied by different engravers — more especially when we beai' in mind that the tirst of them was Miller, whose engraving, it is fair to suppose, bore about as much resemblance to the original from which he professed to copy as that already described (No. 58) did to the Faithorne portrait. These engravings, then, and some others which may possibly have lieen derived from them, are arranged as follows : — 0'2. Auon. J. Sliller sc. Portrait in au irrcg'ular oval, enveloped in diapery, wliiclj partly conceals a panel or pedestal, on wliich is a "viyuette representing;' tliC expulsion; size 6.6 xiM; prefixed to the edition of "Paradise Lost" edited by Newton, printed by Baskerville, and published by J. i: E. Tonson, Ito, Birniing- hara, 1759. 93. The same print, without engraver's name, and cat down to the size of &.8 X 3.6, to adapt it to an 8vo volume, was prelixed to Newton's " Paradise Lost,' 8th edition, 2 vols. 8vo, London, 1778. 94. John Milton. Bom 1608. Died 1G74. T. Simpson del. .J. Baker scalp. From the original th-awing by Faithorne, in the ]iossession of William Baker, Esq. Size 4.7 X 3.7 ; prefixed to the first editiorr of Todd's Milton, 6 vols. 8vo, London, 1801. Simpson is the " ingenions young artist" refen-ed to in Todd's note. The features have more of the expression of White's drawing" than the subsequent engraving by CoUyer. 9.0. John Milton. Born lCl)8. Hied 1074. From thi- original painting by Faithorne, in the possession of Wilhani Baker, Fsq. Drawn by T. Sinipsnu. 34 Engraved by J. (J: 3 exelusive of letterii g ; a neat copy of the 2^receding. 08. Jcdm Milton. .Etat. 62. Engraved by Holl. Published Nov. 23rd, 1799, by T. lleptiiigstall. Oval, 4.4x3.4. I class this and the copies from it, and several succeeding engravings, with the above, rather than nntltiph subdivisions ; but there is a marked change of featiu-es, as well as costume, shewing that they are from a different th-awing, as is evidenced, inileed, by the date, ai:d I have some doubts wliether even from the same original portrait. A further issue of this print is marked as "printed for Vernoi- & Hood and the other proprietors," and is pre- fixed to Beusley's edition of " Paradise Dost,'' 8vo, Doudou, 1802. 99. John iMilton. EngTaved by J. Archer, for the select PorU-ail Gallery iu the Guide to Knowledge. Rectangle, 4.6 x 3.8 exclusive of lettermg ; a close copy of the preceding. 100. Milton. W. French sc. Jobii Tallis & Company, Dondon and New York. A copiy of tlie same print; in a tasteless border of iiTcgiilar form, 6.2 in diameter, of curtains, leaves, &c., forming a plate to Wright's Universal Pronouncing Dic- tionaiT, royal 8vo, no date. 101. John Milton (with five lines of biographical notice engTaved). Dondon, William Darton, 1822. No. 33 in the first vohnne of his " Cabinet of Portraits ; " a copy froni the same, rather coarsely execnted in the chalk manner of engraving; lyre and laurel wreath lightly sketched in behind the head ; size of plate 4.9 x 3.1. 102. JMilton. In a suspended frame, with ornamented corners, on the bottom of which the name is inscribed; outside size 3.2x2.7; a copy of the same. 103. Giovanni Milton. Onorate 1' altissimo Poeta. Engraved by Mariano Bovd ; oval, 5.7x4.3. The costtime somewhat resembling some of the preceding and the features more nearly approaching the White -Richardson type. 104. Giovanni Milton. Nato li 9 xbre 1008. Morto U 15 9bre 1074. B. Musitelli inc. Prefixed tti Scolari's Saggio di Critica sul Paradiso Perduto, 4to, Venezia, 1H18. A slight resemblance in costume is the oidy excuse I can allege for assigning tlie present place to this oi'. No. [)i 35 Vehtuk's E^•G^,AVTN^; (175(1). There are several otlier engravings beariug the name of ^'ert^ll^ the liistory of which 1 am unable to explain. The principal one bears the above date ; and the drapery is so nearly identical with that of the prints which I have classed together under the heading of the Baker drawing, and especially that by Millei- in the Baskerville Milton, that I think it probable it may have had a connection, more or less remote, with the drawing iu the possession of the Tonsons. In features it is wholly unlike any of the otlier portraits ; and the form of the collar in all the prints I have here classed together differs from any of those we have been examining. The others are quite unworthy of Vertue's reputation ; but some allowance must be made for au engraver pursuing his art at the age of 72. 10'). MDtou. (;. Yei'tue. IT'iO. Portruit in a pLdii nval fnmie, resting on ii, ppilestal, ou the top of wliicli iirr tlir- eni^Taver's name and date; at tlie top of tlie frame is a long" nai'row oval, surrouiided with scroll and liUet, and inscribed with the name of .MiUim : puhlislied in Newton's edition of " Paradise Lost," 2 vols 8vo, London, 1750, and again iu I77S, and prohaljly otlier editions. This may be the print referred to by Granger lunler the description of " Milton — oval — his name is " in capitals at the top — Vertiie sc. 8vo." Bromley has copied Granger's description. 106. John Milton. G. Vertne sc. (the G and V blended in a manner not unusual in Vertue's prints). The lower part of the portrait shews a portion of an oval frame ; the name on it panel beneatlr ; appears in Tonson's edition of " Paradise Lost," 12nio, Londim, 1751. 107. .John Milton. G. V. sc, 1756. The size and arrangments exactly like tlte preceding, but the features still more unsatisfactory. The monogram which I liave transcribed as G, Y. scarcely admits of description witliout a facsimile. The print appeared in one of tlie 12uio editions of " Paradise Lost,'' ptihlished with Fenton's Life. 108. John Milton. Ornamented and engraved by J. Chapman, 1804. Pub- lislied by .lames Candee. Prefixed to Evans's edition of " Paradise Lost,'' in two volumes small 8vo ; an octagon, 2.4x1.0, surmottnted by a dove, and with serpent, cross and other ornaments at foot ; the portrait evidently copied fronr the preceding. 109. Milton. Engraved by Chapman. An oval, 1.7x1.3, forming a vignette to the engraved title to a small edition of the Poetical Works, published by Snttaby, in 1805, and furnishing a more pleasing version nf the s.mv portrait. 30 rORTRAITS DERIVED FROM BUSTS, MEDALLIONS, SEALS kc. It is one of the disadvantages incident to the practice of the sculptors art, that his services are frequently called into requisition for the purpose of conferring posthumous honor on those whose features can onl}- lie recalled by a comparison of extant portraits: and the resuU is that in portrait sculpture we look not so much for a litei'al renderini,' of tlie features of the original, as for a work of art, in which those I'eo lures are impressed with the artist's idea of what is characteristic nf the man. Whether any bust of ]\Iiltou, from which the engravings now to be noticed have been taken, were from the life, is at least doubtful ; but the consider- ations I have touched upon would render it unfair to class them on that account among pseudo-portraits. HoLLTs's Bust. In Hollis's Memoirs (p. 513) it is stated that "Mr. Hollis, in a paper " dated Jnly 80, 1757, says, ' i'or an original model in clay of the head of " 'Milton i;9 12s., which I intended to have purchased myself had it not " 'been knocked down to Mr. Reynolds by a mistake of Mr. Foi'd the " 'auctioneer. Note, about two years before Mr. Vertue died he told me " 'that he had been possessed of this head many years, and thiit he believed "'it was done by one Pierce, a sculptor of good reputation in those times, " 'the same who made the bust in marble of Sir Christopher Wren which " 'is in the Bodleian Library. My own opinion is that it was modelled by " 'Abraham Simon, and that afterwards a seal was engraved after it in pro- " 'file by his brother Thomas Simon, a proof impression of which is now in "'the hands of Mr. Yeo, engraver, in Covent Garden.'" A few lines further on it is stated that " the bust probably was e.xecuted soon after " Milton had written his Defensio pro populo Anglicano," and that '-Mr. " Eej-nolds obligingly parted with this bust to Mr. Hollis for twelve " guineas." I infer from this that Mr. Hollis's own memorandum referred to the price at which the bust was sold to Re5molds. Warton states (p. 531 ed. 1791) that "Mr. Hollis bought it of Vertue" The inference from Hollis's memorandum, written in the year after Yertue's death, is that the latter had been the possessor before the sale at which it was knocked down to Eeynolds. From this bust there have been various engravings : — 110, Atilloti. ,1. Ricliurilsnu detiii. G. Vertue sculp.sit. A bnsl ou a pertestal, decoraU'iI witlt s'rpf'Ut and apple, and the priet's name iji.scril>ed on llie plinth- 37 riie bust stands in a vouiul-lieaJed uielie ; aiul tJie entire plale menstu-os 12 x 7. '2 ; it appeii.re(.I iu the edition of MiJtou's Prose Works, 2 vols, f "lie, London, 1738; iiieiitioned by Granger. 111. Milton. J. Kichardson deliu. G. Vertiie sculpsit. The same plate, cut down a little above the spi-ing of the circular Lead of the niche above mentioned, so as to reduce the size to 10x7.2, to adapt it tu Baron's edition of the Prose Works, in '2 vols. Ito, London, 1753. 1 12. ^liJton. E. Verhelst fee. Mannheim. A small bust, unlike Milton iu features, but indicating in costume and ornaments that it is inteiided fur a cnpy of the preceLluig. 11:3. lohn Milton, drawn aud etched MDCCLX by I. B. Cipriani, a Tuscan, from a bust in plaister, modelled from the life, now in the possession of Thomas H'dlis, F.E. and A.SS. An oval encircled with palm, uniform with the other HoUis portraits ; and beneath, the sonnet to Cyriac Skinner : — " Gyriac this three years day," X'c. It is mentioned by Grainger. ] 14, John MUton. Engraved by H. Meyer, from a drawing by Mr. Cipriani, iu the possession of the Eev. Dr. Disney, published April 10, 1810, by T, Cadell and W. Davies. A representation of the same bust in profile; but whether from a di'awing by Cipriani, as stated, or only founded on that made for the print last described, I am not aware. 115. Milton. Li//erai-y Magazine. A representation of the same bust, probably coi'.ied fruui Vertue's print; size, exclusive of lettering, 3.5 x 2.8. lir-;. John Milton. Literary Magazine. The same altered, and the title of the periodical corrected as above. Richardson's Etchings. 117. MIATQ (inscribed on the pedestal of a bust). J. Eichardson f ; and beneath, the lines: — " Forsitan & nostros ducat de Marmore Yultus, Nectens ant Paphia Myrti, aut Parnasside Lam'i Fronde Comas, at ego Secura Pace quiescam. Milton in Manso." Size of plate 0.2 x 5.8. This is an etching mentioned in the Memoirs of Thomas Hollis. At p, 511, tlie author — after introducing the subject of the Poems and Essays of Samuel Say, 4to, London, 1715 — writes : — '■' Let us not forget for what purpose we " brought this gentleman upon the carpet. It is for the sake of a print of a bust of "Milton, prefixed to his second essay, which, if oui" judgment were asked, we " should call a good one : the execution is by Mr. Richardson, Sen. : it is from " Mr. Hollis' model in clay, ornamented by Eichai'dson, and is one of his sets o-j "prints of Milton," Warton notices Mr. Hollis's bust, and says that "Eichardson " etched it for the Poems and Critical Essays of S. Say, 1751, Ito,'' but adds, " -j ** believe this is the same etching that I have mentioned above to have been made *' by old Eichardson, 1781, and which was now lent to Say's editor, 1751, for Sav's a 8 ■■ iLssiiys : nld liirhanlhuii \\;i>. iiul li\iiiy ui 1704." i B'arton's MUloii, \). O-il, ._•((. Vi\)\.) It, must Im:' ;uliiiitti''] that tlio resemblance between tlie utelnii^- of 17;!-Jt fNo. 70) ;tiia tliM.t under discnsMou i^ so idnse in i'eitture, attitude :md costume, and fven in tlte addition of tlie wreath, that the latter print would he more correctly described us a study nf Eiehardsnu from Ijis " exndlent original in crayons," adapted to the form of a bu^^t, than as a ropy from Ihdlis's model in clay ; lu.it it is impossi- ble that Warton could have compared the two etchiniis, or had more than the vag'uest recollection of one wldle describing the other, when he expressed his belief that the two plates wrre iileniical. His urgunjent, raore<'VPr, rests on an error in dates. Say's Poems mnl Essays were published, not in 1.75-i, as thrice stated by Warton in the course of four lines, but in 1745, on the (Jth of April in which year the preface is dat^-d, while Richardson survived to the 2^{\\ of May following. The publication of Say's Poems and Essays was posthumous, the author having died in 17J:o ; and a postserijit acknowledges tliat "the subscribers "are obliged to Mr. liichardsou for the line head of Milton, preiixed to tlie Essay " tui the Numbers of Paradise Lost, who lent tlie plate etched by himselJ', to be " used on this occasion." Granger's account of the print is that it " was done from " a bust which belonged to the painter that etched the print ; the bust is said to " iiave been done fron^ a mould taken from his face, and is indeed very like him," lie adds in a note, that " the prints of JMilton by Kiehardson are not eouimoii." ] 18. Milton (inseribeil fni the pedestal of a bust). Clark sc A sm;dl vignette, ench.tsed in an abundance of foliated orunment; and probably u Imd copy of the precetUng. IID. M1\T12. J. Eichardson, 178H, A profile etching; in an oval 3 9x3.5; bearing no resenjblaiice to luiy other po]'t)-ait of Milton already noticed, but a con- siderable resemblance to Eirdiardson's profile eteliing of Pojie. Pdtdiardson's tendency to reproduce in portraiture the leatures of other portraits fiom his own hand is veiy remarkable ; and, but for the destrrty all conhdence in the tbrmer evii-n as an iileid ptjrtrait- I have placed this print in its present order from its apparent reseiiddance to a drawing from a medalliiin : hnt I am not aware i:if any from which it can have been t-akeu. It is mentioned by Granger and Bromley. The original di'awing is probably one described by Malone, (Priors Life of M (done, p. 397, 390,) as being in profile, and marked "13th "February 1737 P." This and another of Milton, " 4th December 1734 R.,"' and six other d]-awings by Pdchardstui, were bought at the sale of his drawings in 1740-7 by his son, at whose sale in 1772 they were bought by ^^Ir. Parsons, a picture cleaner, wdio sold them to Maloue. The liter;u-y coimectiun between Malone and the younger James Boswell renders it probable that these were the " two beautiful " pencil drawings of velluni, by the elder Eiehnnlson, portraits (d" Milton,'' whieh formed hd. 3'JOO at the sale of BosweU's libj'ary in IfS-^o, and srdd for nineteen shillings. 39 hU). Auon. A prolile in oval : strongly resi^mWiug llie [)iei--eJiiig, Ijut t-lothed and with colliir lu the style of tlie Wliite- Rieliardson dniwiug. J'-l. jMilton. F. P. The iiiitiids, as we arc informed liy Granger, are those of Francis Perry. He was a pupil of Eichardsou. The etching, which is iu profile, is a copy of the last btit one, but reversed. Milton victoeious over Salmasius. lJ-2. Anon. I.B.C.I.F. JMDCCLXVII. Life of M. l.y I. T., ed. 11, p. Ixxx. A ijaarto plate, representing a terminal bust of jMilton, copied frojn PloUis's laist above desciibed; on the face of the lenn is a voliiuje lettered " Def. pro pop. ■'Anglic."; and beneath, a palm branch, from which is suspended a medallion representing, as we are informed below, Salmasius ; mentioned by Granger and Bromley. The history of the print is given in the Memoirs of Thomas HoUis. At p. ;'T1, after mentioning a projected edition of Milton's Prose Wm-ks, which became aboi'tive in consequence of a misunderstandmg between Mr. HoUis and Miller, the publishe]', it is stated that "some tinre before this transaction Mr. HoUis had " settled with Mr. Cipriani, much as be said to his satisfaction, the sketch of a *' print representing MDton victorious over Salmasius, which he undoubtedly " intended for a frontispiece to the projected edition of the Prose Works jttst men- " tioned. He did not, however, countermand this print upon his Llisappointment, " ol 'Serving that it nright serve for some future edition of those works." In a sub- seipient passiige (p. 38.3) the author proceeds to say : — " We have mentioned above " tl.;it i\rr. H(dlis had, iu concert with Cipriani, settled the sketch of an emble- " niatical print representing Alilton's victory over Salmasius, On the 13th of ".J;uruary [1*08] Mr, Cipriani brought bim a finished drawhig from that sketch, " for which 3.[r. Hollis paid liim five guineas, and jjresented bim with two mm'e on " account of the masterly execution of it. It was agreed between tliein at the same "time that Cipriani should make an etcliing from that dra^viug, which was done, " a! d a profif brought to Mr. lloUis by Cipiiani March .5, for which the artist had, "as the price of his ingenuity, tw^enty gitineas, and live more as a present." 123 Aron. I.B.C.I.F. MDCCLXVII. J. Hopwood s. A reduced copy of the preceduig; 4.4x3.2; the volume and palm branch being superseded by a fillet, inscribed with the words " Defensio secunda," fi-om which the portrait of Salmasius is suspended ; prefixed to the third volume of the works of Archdeacon ^Vrang■ham, 8vo, Lond'm, 1810. 124. John Milton. The same plate, altered by the erastnc of the fillet and portrait from the face of the term, and the substitution of the Poet's name: and beneath, in odd conjunction, the words "Do fermented liquors contribute to intel- " lectual excellence ?" PiYSBeack's Monument. 135. Milton. H. Gravelot deliii. Niithl. Parr sculp, llie name hiseribed on the pedestal of a bust, the history of which is given on a panel below, namely : — 40 "ill tilt' year of miv Lord Clirist oiit^ tlioiisaiij seven Imudred and tliirty 3eveu " Tliis Bast ol' tlie AntU'ir of Pariulice Lost was plaeed here by William Benson " Esquire one of y" two Anditors of tlie Impress to His Majesty Iviug George the '■ Serond fiirnierly Surveyor General of tin? ^^'orks to His Majesty King George the " rirst. Rysbrack was the Statuary who oit it." This is the nrarble bust in Westminster Abbey. It is stated in HoUis's Memoirs to be after his plaister bust and the Faithorne (tawing in the possession of the Tousons, bitt chiefly the latter. The print is a folio 12 x 7.5. 12(>. The monument of the eelebrated ,J(din Mhton as it now stands iu West- minster Abbey. Drawn by Hamilton. Engraved by Thornton. A reduced copy of the preceding iu 8vo. 127. Johannes Miltonus. M. Eysbraeliius niarm. sc. pro Gnl. Beirsono, arm. G. Vandergnclit 1711, 4to. The above description is extracted from Granger. Tlie print is mentioned also by Bromley, but I have not happened to meet with it. Miscellaneous Busts. 128. Milton. Engraved hj W. IJidley, from a ilrawing taken from a bust in the possession of the propiietor ; pirintcd for C. Ci>oI;e, IbOO; in Cooke's edition of Select Poets. I know notliing of the bust from ^■hich this purports to be taken. 120. Anon. A mhiiatnre bust, somewhat rcsenjbling the preceding. IdO. Milton. Eichd. Smiike dclt. Abr. I-laimbach sctilpt. Pnlilished by .lohnson & Co , lyitl, as a frontispiece to Cowper's Milton. A terniiual bust, differ- ing from all the otlier likenesses; standing on a circtilar pedestal, against which is reared a medallion of Cowper. Medallions. l:ll. lohnnnes Wiltonus. J. Hiilett drl. et sculp. A ito plate iu Peck's Miltou, representing the ol.iverse and reverse of a medal : obverse, lobannes Miltontis. Tanner f. Eeverse, E. Marmore in Ecclcsia Sancti Petii apitd Westmonasterium erectore Gulielmo Beusono arm. Anno salutis hmnanEe MDCCXXX'711. Eys- brachius sculpsit ; beneath, the rpuitaticui from the Odyssey: — " Tui' TTEpi Mover' " liiiuies iMillou, Ei)yraved iu outline fnnii a medal: obverse, tlje bead, uppai-ently designed chiefly nfter the type of tlie White portrait; reverse, the Tenip- t:iti(m, partly siUTOunded with lillet inscribed " Dba diik-e cauit alter Homerus ; " iu the exergTie the initiuls J. D. 134. Anon. A. Smith, A.R.A. sc. A medallion in prolile, forming a vignette in title page to an edition of Paradise Lost published in I'^mo by Sharp, 180!*. 13-3. .John Jlilton. Chas. Heath sculp. PuhUshed by J. Mawrnan, &c., 1817 ; u medallion in prohle. 13U. English Poets. Ten medalUon heads ranged on tlie side of a representa- tion of Mount Parnassus. B. Snnrke del. J. Ivewton & J. Landseer fecit. Medal- lions per .J. Newton. FoUo : the head of Milton, thougli m the form and style of a medallion, is copied from the Faitliorue portrait. Seals. 137. Milton. W. W. Eylauds sc. From a drawing of Mr. Deacon, taken from an impression of a seal of T. Simon » in the possession of Mr. Yeo. This seid is referred to iu HoUis's Memoirs, in a passage already (juoted in relation to Ilollis's bust, with which it is stated this agi-ees ; but I confess I can see no resemblance. The print is mentioned hy Bromley, and with approbation by Granger. 138. Milton. From an impression of a seal of T. Simon, in the possession of Mr. Yeo. In the only copy I have happened to meet with, a worn plate appearing in an edition of the Poet's works published hy J. Smith, High Holborn, 1830, a close inspection detects traces of the words " engraved by" beneath the oval to the left, and a name to the right which I am unable to decipher. Granger mentions a print which he desciihes as "Jlhlon; from a tlrawing of Mr. Deacon taken from " an impression of a seal of T. Simon, in tlie possession of Mr. Yeo," Query whether this description is intended for the present print, or for either of those next to be described. 139. Wntun. T. Holloway, sculpsit. From an impression of a seal of T. Simon, iu the possession of the Lite Mr. Y'eo ; published August 15, 1801, hy J. JMawmau, &c. liO. Milton. E. E. Eomuery sculp. A close and well executed copy of the preceding. I am tidd it is a rare, if not an tmpublished print. PRETENDED PORTRAITS. The Coopeb Miniature. In proceeding to treat of those engraved heads, published with the name of Milton, the history of which I do not consider satisfactorily authenti- * Mr. HoUis is stated to have had a small steel puncheon of Milton's head, a full front, for a seal or ring, by the same T. Simon, who did many more of Milton's party in the same way. I have been favored by Albert Way, Esq., with an impression in wax from a steel puncheon answering this description and admii-ably exectited. cated, the lirst rank i^ fitl\' orcupied l>j' one \\hieh, if the test I had adopted had been puhhr arcyptaiice, I liiust have placed among the autheiitir portraits : for none (jf those which will remain to be described have been so often or so well engra\"ed as that which goes Ij}' the name of the (.'ooi]er mniiatnre. It was liuiight for (jne lumdred guineas, ui 178i, by Sir Joshua Pie^-nolds, from a picture dealer named Hunt, who ''had " obtaiiied it from a common i'urniture broker, wlio could not rememlier " the time nor manner in whieli lie came lij' it." (yorllicote's Lili; of Eeijnolih, ito eiL, p. olO.j It was marked " S.C. 1G53"; and on the liadi; was written, " This picture belongM to Deliorali Milton wdio was lier " Father's Arnannuensis at her death was sold to S'' Will" Da^'enmits " Family.-- It was painted hj Mr. Sam Coopei' who was iiainter t(.i ( )li^■er " Cromwell at at y time Milton was Latin SecrataiT tu y« Protector. The "Painter & Poet were near of the same a^e. ^lilton was born in lOdS "& died in 107d. Cooper was born in ] 0(J9 & died in lG7;i & were " Companions & friends till Death parted Thriu. Several encoiu-agers and " Lovers of y fine Arts at that time wanted this picture, particularly I^ord " Dorset -|- John Soniers Esq.| S' Piob' Floward Dijden Atterbmy I)r. " Aldrich & S' John Denham." It was mentioned in the first edition of Warton's ililton in the following year (p. 540): and the lailJication of tlie second edition of that work in 1791, \^ith some additional remarks (pj. oooj suggesting the resemblance of the likeness to a portrait of Selden in the Bodleian, gave rise to a letter in the Gentleman's Magazine of ■2f(th i\fay, 1791 (vol. bd, y. 099), impugning the authentieity of tlie portrait, and written, as Tod-l inrorms us (and see also Nichols Lit. Anrc. IX, 67), by Lord Hailes. Tlie letter was answered on the 1.5th of June (p. GOo) under the signatme of "ll J.," wliicli indicated no less a piersonage than Sir Joshua himself: and indeed the ansAver is avowed liy his biographer Northcote, and printed by him in e:-:teiiso (p. 320). A reply appeared in * Sir William Duveiumt's name liaft, slinrth' liefore Sir .Josliun Tfr'vuolds' purcljuse, been before the public in connection with the history of the Clianilos Shakespeare, of which a copy had been made by Sir Joshua himself. (See Boadcn on Shahi'speare portraits, p. 40.) + See nftte on Verlui-'s letter to Christian, ante. V\'iirtori uotiits tliat this mav have been the picture to which Pri<;ir's recollection was lu lie called, as having been in Lord Dorset's collection. + Mr. Keightley (p. lo3) prints "Lord Somers, Esfptire," witli "(sic)" to indicate that there is no typographical mistake ; but lie does not mention tliat he has exannned the ori.ginal miniature : and Miss Watson's engTiiving lias the inscription as cpioted in the tcxi. 43 the Gc'Utleiuairs Magazine for Oetuliei' (\nl. Ixi, |i. M^'S'i); ami in the I'ellow- iug month Sir Joshna made his y\i)\. leaving "the niiniature of Milton hy " Cooper " to the Rev. Wni. Mason, whij in a letter printed in Sir James Prior's recently puhlished Life of ^ialone (\). 193) stoutly maintained the genuineness of his acquisition, gutta serena and all. By his will in 1797, after pro\iding for the editing of his works Ijy ^^^illm. Burgh, Esq., LL.l) , of Yoi'lv, he desired him for such friendly trouhle to accept the hue niiniature picture of Iililton, pauited hy Cooper, ^^■llicll ^\as he- queathed to the testator l.iy Sir Joshua Reynolds. (See Hunters South Yorlcshire, II, 169, quoted in Gent. Mwj. for July, 1831.) The contro- versy is too lengrthy for our purpose ; but the arguments may be shortly condensed. Lord Llailes shews the impossibility of reconciling the facts stated in the memorandum with the known date of Deb(jrali Milton's death ; and points out how irreconcileable any date is with the list of names given, and which he asserts to have been set down at random. It may be sufficient to mention that Sir John Denham died several years before Milton. Sir Joshua considered that the memorandum had been written before 1693, wlien Mr. Somers was knighted, and it had been admitted in an inscription on an engra\'ing which will presently be described, that the writer of the memorandum had been mistaken in sup- posing Deborali Milton to be then dead. He quotes the authority of ilr. TjTwlutt, to wliom the miniature had been she^^ii at the Archbishop of York's table, for stating that "the orthography as well as the colom' of the " ink shewed the memorandum to have been written about a hundi'ed " years since ; " and restates the case for the authenticity of the pictm"e, b}' saying its " progress seems to be tliis : — Milton dying insoh'ent, and " Deborah Milton of course in gi'eat indigence, it is very improbable that " she ^s•ould keep to herself a picture of such ^•alue ; it was therefore sold, " as we suppose, to the author of the memorandum ; and the account there " given is probably such as he recei\ed from the seller of the pictin-e, ■who, " in order to raise its value, boasts how many great men had desired to " have it." Lord Hailes replies to the argument as to the ortliograjjhy, by which he assumes the writer to mean J'ahe siiMiny, that the only words misspelt are " amannuensis" and " secratai^'"; and challenges Mr. Tyrwhitt to say whether such spelling was in use a hundred years ago, or whether a son of Sir William Davenant would so lia^-e written them ; and suggests the question \\Iiether the phrase "fine aits" was used in English so early 44 as lOOti. He denies, on tlio autliority of the testamentaiy papers wliicli had just been brought to Hght, that ililton died insolvent, and argues that before we can suppose Deborah to ha\'e sold the picture, we must suppose her to have lieen possessed of it, vhereas she was living apart from her father for several years before his death ; and even if she had Ijeen pos- sessed of it, and left in extreme indigence, she would not have been likely to retain it from 1074 to 1693 and then part, mth it. We may fairly sum up this portion of the argument by obsendng that while on the one hand the most perfect consistency in the facts stated in an unauthenticated memorandum, on a picture passing under such suspicious circumstances through the hands of a broker, would only prove the possibility and not the truth of the statement, a mistake in important facts is f ital to its authority, and justifies us in treating it as a falirication. It may be added that Deborah Clarke expressly told Vertue thiit she knew of no other picture of her father than the two ui the possession of his mdow, having been several years in Ireland, both before and after his death. But abandoning the e\udence of the memorandum, there remain'< the internal e\'idence of the pictm'e itself. On this subject Sir Joshua Reynolds is entitled to be heard with respect, though vith large allo"wance for his evident disinclination to believe he had lieen duped, and his eagerness to maintain a foregone con- clusion arrived at on insufficient external evidence. He had told Warton that " the picture was admhaljly painted, and with such a character of " natm'e that he was perfectlv sure it was a striking likeness — he had now " a distinct idea of the countenance of Milton which could not be got from " any of the other pictm'es which he had seen." Under his assumed initials of " R. J." he says: — "The opinion of Sm Joshua Reynolds in " matters relating to his own profession certainly ought to have some " weight. He is not likely to be wanting in that skill to which every other ," artist pretends, namely, to form some judgment of tlie likeness of a " pictm'e mtliout knoving the original. ='■= * ■■- AA'ithout being an " artist it is easily perceived that the pictm'e of Faithornc does not possess " that individuality of countenance v\irich is in the miniature. ='■ * =•= " There is no doubt but that iMilton sat to Faithorne for that craj'on " pictiu'e : the distinguishhig features are the same as in the miniature — ■ " the same large eyelid — the same shaped nose and mouth — and the same " long line, \\hich reaches from the nostril to below the corners of the " mouth — and the same head of hair : but if the effect and expression of 45 " the whole together should be, as iu fact it is, different in the two pictures, "it cannot, I should think, be dithcult for us to determine on which side " our faith ought to mchne, even though neither possessed any strong " marks of identity." The engravers have furnished ample opportunities for examining the lineaments of this much contested portrait. J41. Anon. Ova], 2.5 x 1.9 within tlie i'raine, iu I'rout of a curtain and pyramid; on tlm two exposed sides of tin.' buse are bris-reliefs representiug' the Expulsion and tlie Tt-mptntion ; reared against tlie front an oval representjuii' the back of tJie niiniuture, with the ineniorandnm ahove qnnted ; and, helow, the fol- lowing' inscription : — " The above is a fac-siioile of tlie loanuseript on the hack of " the pictiure which appears to have been written some time before the year 1003 *' when Mr. Somers was knighted, and afterwards created Baron Evesham which " brings it within nineteen years after Milton's death. The writer was mistaken " in supposing Deborah Milton to be dead at that time : she lived till 1727, but in " indig'ence and obscurity marrit-d to a weaver in Spitalfields. I have ouly to add " that Cooper appears to have exerted his lUmost abilities on his frieud's picture, " and that Miss Watson has shewn equal excellence in this specimen of her art. " The likeness to the original picture which is in my possessiou is preserved with *' the utmost exactness. J. Reynolds." Published January 4, I'/SO, by Caroline Watson; mentioned by Bromley. 1-12. Milton. Engraved by Caroline Watson, 1808, fTom a miniature by Coo23er. Oval; same size as above; published January 20, 18f)8, by liicliard Philips. 143. J. Milton. Ne en 1608, Mort en 1671. Reynolds pinx. Boutrois so. 3.9 X 3.1. Sir Joshua Reynolds's connection with the piotme sug:gests the origin of the mistake as to the painter. I'll. lobn Milton. Augsbtng, by John Elias Haid ; mezzotint; oval, x 4.6 within the frame, 115. John Milton. Cooper del. Cochran sc, published in Bohn's edition of Milton's Prose Works, vol. I. 140. Vignette to the edition of L'Ahegro and II Penseroso, illustrated by Birkett Foster. The description states broadly that " this portrait was formerly in the " possession of Milton's daughter Deborah : it then passed into the hands of Sir " William Davenaut, and subsequently into those of Sir- Joshua Reynolds." Du Roveeay's Print. 147. Milton. Engraved by William Shaq), after an original miniature by Samuel Cooper : the oraameuts by (i. B. Cipriani and E. F. Burney. Oval, 3 x 9.1, surrounded with wreaths, &c., in front of a truncated column, against the base of which is an oval vignette i-epresenting the Temptation. Published iu Du Eoveray's edition of Paradise Lost, 1802. i(3 If nothing ran lie fuiuul in comraon between this and Miss Watson's engraving, I presume th_c explanation must he tliat the name of Cooper, having heen once brought into connection with Milton portraits, has heen ti-eated in tlie same manner as tliat of Faithorne, and is intended to assist the portly gentleman, wliose features are here represented, in personating Milton. Coaig's Drawing. Its. Jnliu jriUnii. Ilmwu liy W. M. Crnig, Esq., from n uiiniature by C'loptT, 1\. Hii'ks sriilp. Oval, 'i.2 x 2.6, witlt fserpeat and apple, aiul otlier oniataeaty. PuUislieil l.y Nuliiill, Fislier ;ind Ilixi.n, Liverpool, Marcli ■H), 1S12. The same otiservatioiiy apply to iLis as to Uie preceding. Peck's Mezzotint. This impudent attempt to foist upon the public a pretended portrait of Milton appeared in Peck's Jtlemoirs in 1741). He desciilies it at p. 103 as " a picture, an half length, drawn when he was about live and twenty." " The original '' he says "was once the property of Sir John Meres, of " Kirby Belers, in com. Leic, kt , but is now mine and you have a good " print of the head prefi.xed to this work. However as the plate exhibits " the head only, and as no engraving can express the colouring of the " complection and drapery, and perhaps something of the features, I " shall here add a short description of the wdiole. Milton is here drawn " sitting in a red velvet chair in a russet coloured nightgown lined with "blue." He then proceeds with a minute description of the dress, and concludes by saying: — " His left hand lying over an open book on a table " covered with a loose red velvet table cloth : the open dexter leaf of the " book numbered p, 30 . and on the edge of tlie book a label inscribed " Paradice Lost, with a c not an .s — as he often wrote it." Will it be believed that this book is tlie sole pretext for attributing the portrait to Milton? Someone has observed that on similar grounds, if the volume had been the Book of Genesis, Mr. Peck would have supposed the portrait to be that of Moses. But he did not err from ignorance : for having asked Vertue whether he thought it a picture of Milton, and being peremptorily answered in the negative, Peck replied " I'll have a scraping from it " however and let posterity settle the difference." (See W'Vtoii p. .54.5, Ed. 1785, j Vertue himself told the story to Hollis in 1755. {See HoJUs's Memoirs 513, 539. J Posterity has long since " settled the difference " not much to Mr, Peck's credit. 47 1 i'J. Iiihaiiues .Vliltoiiiis; cii'ca aiuuuji letutis xxv"' J. Faberferil. C'pililr H.iniaiii Scriptores, cedite Graii, (ProiierL) Vii-o orimtissiuio Cutliberto Constable de Burton Constalde in com. Ebor. Tabulam liauc iiieiito votivara D.D.D. Franrua Peck AM. An oval represeuting" a youiiL^^ man of about tbe ai?i' stated, wifh tlowing bushy Lair and moustache, dressed iu a g'riwn and short shirt collar open at the throat; size, exclusive of lettering, C.H X 5 8 ; mentioned by Granger and Bromley. The Ei.DERTON Miniatube. Iu January, 1791, the Eev. J. Elderton, of Bath, announced to the world in the columns of the Gentleman's Magazine, the existence of a miniature picture of Milton in his possession. He states that " it " belonged to his child's great ancestor Sir Edward Seymour, who was " speaker of the House of Corartrons, and grandfather of the Duke of " Somerset ; it has been seen by connoisseurs, who always agTeed it was " an original : the hair is of a dark chesnut colour, flowing down to the "shoulders." (Gent: May. v. Ixi, p. 39.) Perverse individuals liaving ventar_d to hint a doubt of its genuineness, though vouched by so aristocratic a pedigree, Mr. Elderton settled the question by forwarding the outlines of the miniature for the purpose of the engraver : and this curious addition to tbe engraved portraits of Milton accordingly appeared in the Gentleman's Magazine for January, 1792 ; — 150. Picture supposed to be Milton. Ovul, 4.3 X 1.8, forming (me of a page of illustrations to the Gentleman's Magazine ; B[asu'e] sc. VeETDE's PiICHAEDSON PoRTEAlT. 101. loanues jMilton, ffitat. d"2. Ex mus^eo J. Pdchardson. G. Verttte, Scitlpsit, 17 'j1. An oval, the frame of wliich terminates at the base iu a foliated scroll, in T\'hich is inserted a panel, with name and age as above, and at the top lightning, serpent aird apjde, &c. ; size of plate 8.6 X 6. This plate, which appeared in Newton's edition of Paradise Piegained, 4to, London, 1752, and is mentioned in Granger and Bromley, and in the memoirs of Thomas HoUis, (p. 117), represents a person about the ag3 stated, dressed in gown and falling or Genevan band, with flowing hair and slight moustache. There can be no hesitation in classing it among the pseudo-portraits, though I regret so to treat an engraving inscribed wdth the name of the conscientious Vertue. I know nothing of its history beyond what I have stated. Piichardson died six years before the date of the print, as I have mentioned in speaking of the etching published in Say's Poems and Essays, (Xo. 117.) 48 The Chesterfield Por.TRAiT. 153. Joliii Millnii. FriiUi iin nviginal in Lonl Cliesteriield's collection. Cook sculpt. I'liuttd for .J(.lm Bell, Nov. 12, 1777. Ovul ; poiti-iiit of a young man of from '29 to oO, with ii]ouf,tiiclie, kf., Jjis lieail leauing on his li;uid i]i an attituile of tJmiiL'lit; name on a iianel Ijeliov. 15o. .loLn Milton. Fr'nu an original iri Lord CLesterlicld's collection. Cook rscnl]-it. SligLtly ditfeiiug from tltc preceding and dLstingnislialde liy the panel having square iuslead "[ ronnilcd L-nds. lOi. .John Milton. In an edition of Paradise Lost, pnhlislied hy Law, Millai- and Co., London, 1792 ; a copy of the precedin,^', Ijut with hri>ader and coarser features. The Steavvbehey Hill Poethait. 155. .Tolm Milton. S. Harding ilel. E. Harding, Jnn., sctilpt. From an original picture in the collection of Lord Orford, at Strawherry Hill. Published Dec. 1, 1700, hy E. & S. Hardmg, Pall Mall; 4to, The print is a half length pintrait of a gentlemen of from 30 to 40 years of age and light complexion ; in cavalier costume, ap[)areiitl3' of black vehet ; mth pointed lieard and moustache. The sarrio plate, pubhshed ■n-ithout date by Evans of Great Queen Street, figured as a portrait of Sir William Kilhgrew, "Vandyke pinx." being sulistituted for " S. HtU'ding del." If the latter account of the pictm-e have any better evidence in its favor than the former I have no objections to offer, unless it represent a man older tlian 30, wdiicli vas the age of IviUigrew at the date of Vandyck's death ui 1041. The sale catalogue of the Strawben^' Hill collection has no mention of any portrait of KiUigrev ; but lot 7 in the 21st daj-'s sale is desciibed as " a portrait of ^Milton," ^\ithout a vford to identify or trace the history of the picture. In the catalogue of Portraits in the Manchester iirt Treasm'es' Exhibition is one, numbered 105, (lent by tiie DulvC of Newcastle) of " Sir ATilliain Killigr-e^v ; half length, in "black; signed 'A A^an Dyck piuxit 103'S."' I had not then any reason for takhig especial notice of the pietnre ; Ijut I am told it coiTe- sponded with the print. The Capel Lofft Poeteait. This is a folio engraving from a picture in the possession of Capel Lofft, who in the preface to liis edition of the Paradise Lost, puldished at Bmy St. Edmunds in 1792, in describing the edition of 1074, with the portrait bv W. DoUe, says : — "Whatever harshness there may be in the style of 49 " the engraving, even to a degree of ruileuess, there appear strokes of " a cliaracteristic resemblance. It seems to me to Ije from an original " wlricli was bequeathed to my father by Col. Holland, on which lines "of Latin verses were inscribed beneath the scroll; Inch/tus et Fcelix " Patiiam can be pretty plainly traced : the rest is lost, and I fear irre- " coverably. Mr. Stevenson of Nornich had this picture to copy, as he is "always warm in the interests of genius and humanity." I cannot imagine what possible relationship Mr. LolTt could trace between this portrait and Dolle's, which is a copy, and not a very unfaithful one of Faithorne's Engraving. AVith the latter however Lofft appears from other passages in his preface to have been nnaciiuainted. To those who can beheve that the portrait now under discussion represents Milton at all, the fact that Peter Vander Plas, to whom it is attributed, died in 1626, ■R-hen Milton was 1 8 years of age, will probably present a minor difTiculty. The figure appearing in a beam of light entering at the upper right hand comer of the engi-aving, and probably representing the Pdsen Saviour, may have suggested the idea of the portrait being that of the author of Paradise Piegained. This emblem and the Pilgrim's staff and bottle, which fjrm so prominent an object in the print, would be ecjually appropiate to Bunyan, to whom the featm'es bear, at least, as much resemblance as they do to Milton ; but if Vander Plas was the painter, this suggestion is as impossible as the other ; and for our purpose the question of who the original was is of little importance if he was not MUton. The engraving may be described as : — 166. Miltou. p. V. Plas fecit. Drawn and engraved by G. Qiiinton, from an original picture in the possession of Capel Lofft, Esq. Published August 1st, 1797, by W. Stevenson, Norwich, for G. Qiiiuton, engraver, and sold by Messrs. Boydell. A rectangle Bg X 7 inches. Below the figure is a scroll, showing in a legible state part of the Latin words quoted by Mr. Lofft; and below, in rude Eomau letters, P.V. PLAS Fee. 1.57. Milton (from a picture by Plas.) Drawn on stone by M. Gauci, Esq. Printed by F. Moser. An enlarged copy in folio of the head from the preceding print. POETEAIT IN De. WiLlIAMS's LIBRARY. 158. John Milton. Drawn by .J. Thurston, Engraved by J. T. Wedgwood, from a picture by Dobson in Dr. Wfllianis's Library. London, March 1, 182(1, published by W. Walker. A coarse featured, heiivy looking man, of middle age, with flowmg hair and broad Genevan band, but no trace of Milton's features. The 50 original picture, of tlie liistory of which nothing is known at the libraiy, is not quite 30 repulsire as the engraving.* Todd mentions tlie name of Dobson in connection with another portrait which has also been attributed to Riley. Pie's Phint. 159. John Milton. Painted by C. .Janssen ! Engrayed by Charles Pye. Loii- don, published for the proprietor, March 1823. The print represents a young man, of upwai'ds of 20. in a lace cravat of the time of Queeu Anne. I arjt not aware in what publication the engraving appeared — probably some general biographical work : for I have met with uniform portraits of Locke, Louis lyi, Pitt, Sydney, Thurlow, Washmgton &c. Page's Pbixt. 160. Milton. Engi'aved by R. Page from an orighial painting. In a suspended frame with onjamental comers. I know nothing of its history; and its importance is not such as to challenge much enquiry. The Falconeb Miniature. The liistoiy of this portrait is contained in the pages of Notes and Queries. In vol. II, 2nd series, p. 231, Mr. Jones, of Nautwich, had mentioned a tradition that one of the two pictures enumerated in the testamentary inventory of the effects of Milton's widow had passed on her decease to a yomig Oxonian student named Wilhraham, of ToT^^lsend, in Nantwich. The e\idence already given identities Mrs. Milton's pictures ■with the Jaussen and Onslow portraits too clearly to leave room for belief in the tradition referred to hj Mr. Jones : but his note gave rise to another from Thomas Falconer, Esq., of Usk, printed at p. 303 of the same volume, in which he states that the exquisitely finished portrait of MUton, from which the engraving was made which is pubhshed in the series of piortraits of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge — a • Since the reading of the paper, I have met with a small volitme, entitled " Effigies " Poetioie ; or. The Portraits of the British Poets, illustrated by Notes, Biogi-aphical, " Critical and Poetical," London (Carpenter) 1824, which appears to be a reprint of the letter-press descriptions accompanying a series of engi-aved portraits. " No. .56, John " Milton, from a picture by Dobson in Dr. Williams' Library," surely refers to the present portrait, but the estimate there given of its merits is very difl'erent from that above ex- pressed. " We have here given," it says, " a resemblance of Milton which has never " before been made public. It is as well autlienticated. perhaps better, than such pictures " usually are ; but it fails in some few respects, like all others. Nevertheless, there is " something characteristic iu it. There is an ap^u'oach to sweetness and majesty, (both " of which Miltou possessed iu no common degree,) that we do not recollect elsewhere. ' The eye-brow is contracted, like that of a thinker ; the glance is penetrating, yet raised ; *' the moitth wears a sweet expression : and the hair flows down upon the shoulders, and " gives a massy character to the whole that is not without its grandeur." 51 painting on vellum — belonged to his grandfatlier, a son of Mr. Falconer, recorder of Chester, whose wife was bom in ] 703, and was a daughter of Mr. ^^'Llbraham of Townsend. He adds, however, that he knows of no fact to identify this miniature with the portrait mentioned by Mr. Jones ; and states his belief that it was never in the possession of the WUbraham family. Mr. Falconer's history of the miniatm-e offers no ground for ani- madversion ; but contams nothing to connect it witli Iililton ; and the Society wdiich publicly adopted it as a portrait of him may share TOth then- publisher the credit of having diffused the useful liiiowledge that their engraving is "from a miniature of the same size hy Faithorne 1 anno " 1667 ! !" To judge from the engraving, Mr. Falconer's pi'aises of the miniature, as a work of art, are weU. deserved ; but the young gentleman it represents had certainly not numbered half of Milton's years at the date attributed to it, and, when Milton was of the age there represented, Faithorne was in his boyhood : nor was he at any period of his life a miniatm-e painter. If therefore the above name and date are found on the miniature, they ai'e a clumsy forgeiy ; but it is not stated by Mr. Fal- coner that there is any lettering on it. Faithorne, as we have seen, is the common vouchee of Milton portraits ; and the date of 1667 may have been suggested by Pickering's engraving of 1826 (No. 82) in which, as I took occasion to explain, the figures had no reference to the date of any picture. The engravings are as follows : — IGl. .JoLn Milton. Engraved Ly T. Woolnotli from a miniatiu-e of the same size ty Failliorne, anno 1007, in the possession of WilUam Falconer, Esq. An oval, 2-0 X 'il, within a shaJed rectangle. Published under the superintendence of the Society for the DiiFusion of Useful Knowledge, 102. lolin Milton. Engraved by Samuel Freeman from a miniature by Faithorne, anno 1007. Published by Archibald FuUarton & Co,, Glasgow ; in Cunningham's Lives of Eminent and Illustrious Englishmen, 8 vols. 8vo, Glasgow, 183')-7 ; an enlarged copy from the preceding. 10.3. .Tolm MUtou. No name of engraver; rectangle, 2 X 2'1 ; a close copy of the society's print. 164. Milton. No name of engraver; rectangle, 2-1 x I'G ; in the same plate with Ban-ow, Pope and Defoe ; published by Koutledge & Co. ; in Knight's Half- hours with the best Authors. I have now exhausted my list of portraits, having pm-posely excluded several prints which seemed to me scarcely to come under that denomination. such as Veiiue's plate of Miltou behveeu Homer and Virgil, mentioned by- Granger- Sant's imaginary portrait — Faed's large print of MUton in Iris study — and various others, in T\'hich he is represented as dictating to liis daugliter, or acting in the imaginary character of amauueusis to Cromwell. I have also abstaiued from inserting an etching by Hollar, of extreme rarity, of wliich there is a copy in the piint room of tire British Museum, going by the name of Milton. It represents a very youthful bust, which I can imagine no reason for supposing to be Miltou ; and as it is unlettered, we have iro right to class it among pseudo-portraits. That I have made some mistakes, and more onrissons, I am prepared to find : but if my paper should receive the honor of beurg printed, it may serve as a text for the reception of additional information and coiTectifms, which may enable me at some future period to reproduce it in a more perfect form. In the meantime, that I may not be guilty of any wilful omission, I conclude my list by enumerating a few prints, which I have fomid mentioned in various catalogues, &c., but ^^•hich I have not had an opportunity of describing. Granger mentioirs "John Milton; a square print with a label under the "head, G. Vandergucht sc. neat;" and Bromley mentions it in similar terms. Wivell {Portraits of Shakefipcare p. 234) mentions a print by Faber on a half-sheet with Shakespeare, Ben. Jonson and Samuel Butler, being one of the series published by John Bowles (See observations above on Simon's copy of the Faithorne print, No. 29 ; both Simon and Faber seem to have been employed on Bowles's series ; and in some instances the same author appears eirgraved by both). Piodd's Catalogue of British Portraits, 1812, mentions an 8vo print by Coster: and Evans's Catalogue describes a 4to print of Milton at fom- diiferent ages; a rare print 12mo by Phinir ; and a folio by Gunst. Some of these may turn out to be prints already noticed, but which, for want of lettering, I have been unable to identify. From the account I have given of the number of existing portraits, mediately or immediately derived from a very few originals, it results that many having some claim to autheirticity are probably still in existence. The history of the Jansson portrait happily rreeds no discussion ; and I hope the doubts as to the recent history and present deposit of the Onslow portrait will shortly be set at rest. No mention has ever been made of any drawing for the piurpose of the Marshal print. Faithorne's original, assuming it to ha\'e been the crayon drawing of which we have heard so 53 much, is last heai'd of in the possession of the Tonsons : for I must main- tain, until actual inspection satisfies me to the contrary, that the idea of its having passed to Mr. Baker has arisen from confounding it \"\dth a copy from the Wliite drawing, or Richardson's "excellent original in crayons." The copy so made ranj, perhaps, be yet in the collection at Bayfordbury ; and the subsequent copies from it by Sunpson for the engravings of Baker, CoUyer and Dean are probably in the possession of the puljlishers of Todd's Milton. The " excellent original" itself, and the copy "which I have con- jectured to have been made from it for Vertue's 1750 engraving, are not traced beyond the Tonsons, nor, v\ith certainty, even to them. Vertue's drawing for his 1725 engraving is traced by the inscription on Gardmer's print in Boydell's Milton (No. 79) to tlie possession of Mr. Brand Holhs ; and I hope it is still in the worthy custody of the inheritor of his literary treasures. The various drawings by Cipriani may be looked for in the same place ; but I should be inclined to assign to them a much lower value. The drawing for Vandergucht's engi-aving (No. 89) has not been mentioned as having been presen-ed. Of Pdchardson's drawings many are probably in existence. Various others of the prints above described may possibl}- have been engi-aved from drawings ta,ken specially for the pui-pose. I have avoided any discussion of the subject of original pictures and drawings, exce[)t such as necessarily arose out of my treatment of my subject ; but a few lines may properly be devoted to the mention of such as I find noticed in the various works I have consulted. Some of them may be drawings the probable existence of which I have just been specu- lating on ; and others would only swell the list of pseudo-portraits ; but even these may in some cases have been the subject of engi-avings which have escaped my notice, and on that accomit should be mentioned here to reduce the risk of accidental omission. It will require strong evidence to establish the authenticity of any beyond those I have mentioned ; and nothing but internal evidence can now be expected. The strongest case hkely to be made out, so far as I have at present the means of judging (for I have not yet seen the picture), is one which has been kindly brought under my notice by Albert Way, Esq., whose ready help I should be most ungrateful if I did not wai'mly acknowledge. It is at Caj^esthome, the seat of Arthur Davenport, Esq., by whose father it was bought at Lady Holland's sale, at Christie's, and was brought from Amptlull soon after 54 her death. It is inserihed lOHANXES MILTON EFFIG^- ANNO SAL^- MDCLXXIII .ETATIS 05, and beai's the name of Riley as the Painter inscribed on a stone pilastei'. These particulars are from information olitained for me from the family liy Mr. Way, \Yho describes the picture, as a painting, with adniu'ation, and as bearing the stamp of authenticity. It represents the poet blind, and caressing his dog. The name of Pdley is mentioned by Todd in connection with a portrait for which he e.x'presses his obligations to a Mr. Chamock, and says it " has been " affirmed by some to have been a portrait of Milton by Dobson, but con- " jectured by others to have been a performance of Pdley, who lived rather " too late to delineate JMilton.* Some have supposed it may be a head of " Ins brother Christopher. It is, however, remarkable that INIr. Greenslade, " a collector of pamtings, who resides in Bond Street, London, has a copy " of the very painting, which has been called a portrait of the Poet." An alleged miniatm'e of ^Milton when young, winch AVarton mentions as in the possession of the Duchess of Portland, and descrilies as "having a face of " stem thouglitfulness, and to use the poet's expression, severe in youthful " beauty," was sold, along with an alleged miniature of his mother, at the sale of the Portland museum, in 1786, for £34. (See Gent. Mar/., 1786, p. 527 ; ToJd's Milloii, I, p. 143, 146, ed. 1809.) In the same note Todd states that " at "West Wycomb Manor House, in Buckinghamshire, there is " a fine p)ortrait of JMilton, supposed to be an original," (see Langley's Hist, and Antiq. of tJie Hund of Dexhorough, p. 417,) and that " Mr. Waldron " is in possession of a painting which exhibits a likeness of the Poet in his " middle age." Mr. Mitford writes, " I once knew a portrait of Milton at " Lord Braybrooke's, Audley end, m the gallery (with a beard) : I also saw " one of him when young at Lord Townshend's, at Piainham ; but many " years have passed, and I cannot recollect any pjarticulars Charles Lamb, " Esq., possesses an original porti-ait, | left by his brother, and accidentally " bought in London. * * * I have heard that an original portrait of " jMUton (about thir-ty years of age) has been discovered by ilr R Lemon " of the State Paper Office." (Pickering's Aldine Milton, p. xc, n.) An oil * He was bom in 1646. + Mr. CiTnningham mentions it as " the Cliarles Lamb and Moxon portrait,'' and says "it is a striking likeness of tlie poet, and is an old picture, though there is no proof " that the poet ever sat for it." — {Johnson's Lives, I, 131 «.) 55 painting, I presume that last mentioned, was exhibited by Mr. Lemon to the Society of Antiquaries on the 17th March, 1853, as reported in Gent. Mag., N.S., xxxix, 526, and was stated to have foimerly had the Poet's name in an old haiid«iitiug on the back of the canvass, but removed on the reluiing of the picture a few years ago. To these notices I may add that I have seen a painting in the possession of Mr. Graves, the printseller, from which I imagine the head in Faed's print to have been di-awn ; and Mr. Way mentions to me a life size portrait, hi oils, formerly belonging to his father, at his seat, Stansted Park, Sussex, but which on the sale of the property was handed over to the purchaser in consec^uence of its forming one of a series of literary portraits partly inlaid in the paneled wainscot. Upwards of ten years ago the same obliging correspondent mentioned to me a painting, attributed to Wallior, formerly belonging to Sh- Joseph Banks, and now belonging to Archdeacon Bonney, of Lincoln.* Of busts, besides those I have mentioned, one in marble by Scheemaker, for Dr. Mead, and bought at his sale by Mr. Buncombe for £11 lis., is stated in Hollis's Memoirs to have been copied exactly from the plaister bust. A marble bust in the pirmt room of the British Museum lieai's a strong resemblance to the featm'es of the White portrait. A paragi'aph ui the Athenaeum of 10th August, 1850, mentions the purchase by Mr. Labouchere, for 200 guineas, of a marble bust of Milton, made, it is said, * An exhibition of niiuiatures ]ias been held by the Archeeological Institute since the reading of the paper; and Mr. Way mentions to me two miniatures there exhibited; one of them, belonging to Mr. Russell, the accountant-general, I imagine from the description to be a copy of the Onslow portrait; the other, exhibited by the Duke of Buccleugh, described as a young portrait, with light brown hair and falling band, and inscribed " John Milton by Cooper," I do not identify, from the description given me, with any portrait I know. A sale catalogue of Messrs. Chinnock and Galsworthy (18th Jnne, 1860) includes an alleged portrait of Milton by.James Houseman. To collect tlje notices of pretended Milton portraits from sale catalogues and similar sources would, however, be an endless and useless task. The notorious old Zincke, of Wind- mill Street, Lambeth, whose name is so familiar in connection with the Talma Shakes- peare, is stated by a correspondent of Notes and Queries {2nd S., X, 122) to have "died *' about twenty-five years since, and left behind him about twenty portraits of Shakespeare " and Milton S:c., all in pledge at the various West End pawnbrokers', and also a catalogue " (written in a small memorandum book) of all the portraits be had manitfactured of his " favorite tiio, Shakespeare, MUton and Nell Gwinn ; but Shakespeare sold the best.'' Such anecdotes should serve as a caution against credulity in the reception of unauthen- ticated portraits : but I suspect the Milton manufacture of old Zincke had less tendency to the perpetuation of pseudo-portraits than the practice — of which the Falconer minia- ture is so flagi'ant an instance — of appending circumstantial statements of dates and artists' names to portraits which have originally been assigned to Milton on no better authority than conjecture. 50 from the life liy an Italian sculptor during the poet's ^dsit to Italy. Its history is not stated : but it is worthy of note that Mr. Thomas Hollis was so far impressed \ritli the belief that there was somewhere in Florence a marble bust of ililton, as to be induced to make search for it in 170:3, but ^^ithout success. {See Memoir.'i of Thomas Hollis, /). 107, Wartons Minor Poems, 333, ed. 1791.) A medallion b}' Wedgwood, a draviing from which is in my possession, completes the list of representations of Milton's featm'es which I have thought it necessary to mention. THE 3Jistnn( k €xMm& OF ST. PANCRAS. BY THOMAS C O U L L. ' )•. y PERMISSION, T O T H E Ki:V. WILLIAIM WELD ON ClIAMPNEYS, M.A., VICAR OF ST. PANCRAS, A X 11 C A X O N OF ST. PAD L'S. LONDON: PUHLISIIEU in" T. AND W. COCJLL, 28, UPPER NORTH PLACE, GRAY'S INN ROAD, W.C. AXD SOLD ny ALL BOOKSELLERS THKOUGHOUI THE PARISH. 1861. fiiefari^. It having ofteu been a subject of expressed regret that the history of so great and important a parish as that of St. Pancras remained unwritten, the author of this httle work was encouraged to undertake the laborious task of collecting what information could be obtained, and present such to the public. That the subject is not without interest, most readers, who are acquainted with the district, will acknowledge ; and that there is plenty of material is proved by the fact, that it has been found impossible, within the limits of this book, to scarcely touch upon the modern histoiy of the parish. Having, however, laid the foundation, as it were, it is to be hoped that a history upon a more extensive scale, and more worth)' of the parish, will follow ; and if such should be the result, the labour will not have been undertaken in vain. In conclusion, the author desires to thank all those friends who have kindly afforded much valuable information, -without which the work would necessarily have been very imperfect ; as also those who have contributed to its success by their approval and support. February, 2, 1861. ajontentfj. iNTRomjc'i lox — Top(-);:^ra|-i]i\- . . 1 The "Elephant and Castle" 4G Derivation of tlie Name "St. i'au- The Hamlet of Highgate . 47 eras" — lli.-tory of the Saint . . 2 Tlie Hermitage and Chapel at High 1 The Ancient jrANi>i:s-- gate .... 48 Cantelows, ov Kennistoiine . . o Remarkable Houses — TolUele, or Totteulium Court . 1 Arundel House 49 The Manor of St. Paiicras . . :, Lady Arabella Stuart 49 — Rise and Progress of Somers Death of Lord Bacon 50 Town C, Lauderdale House . 51 The jManor of Ruggemerc . . [> Fitzroy House 51 The Old CnuRCii ... 9 Holly Lodge 51 1 List of the Vicars . . . .10 Cromwell House . 52 1 The Church in the Time of Kliza- The "Fox and Crown" . 52 beth 12 The Highgate Oath . 52 1 Celebrated Characters Buried in St. Michael's Church 64 the Cliurch and Churchyard . 12 Sir Roger Choraley's School 55 Ancient Benefaction^ to tlie Poor of Highgate Green 57 ' St. Pancras 16 Mansfield House 58 1 The Old Lamb's Conduit ... 17 Bellsize House and Park . 59 ' The Foundling: Hospital . .11* Regent's Park 60 : St. Chad's Well .... 22 The Hospital of St. Katherine . 61 Old Bagnigge Wells' Tea Gardens . 2:j Primrose Hill .... 63 1 The Fleet Brook .... 2.j The Zoological Gardens . 63 ; The " Adam and Eve" . . . 28 The Colosseum 63 Battle Bridge .50 The Veterinary College . 64 IMaiden Lane ..... 31 St. John the Baptist, Kentish Town 65 Euston Road . . " . . .32 Institutions, Etc. — The " Boarded House" , . .33 The Orphan Working School 66 1 The London University . . 3.") St. Pancras Female Charity Schoo 66 "Whitfield Cha|iel . . . .37 The Reformatory, Euston Road 67 '[ Sketch of Whitfield's Life and St. Pancras Almshouses 67 1 Mode of Preaching ... 38 Tonbridge Chapel . 67 The St. Pancras Volunteers of 1799 . 40 The National Scotch Church 67 The Pauish Chi-kcii . . .41 Highgate Cemetery 68 St, Bartholomew's Churcli . . 42 The Vestry Hall . 68 Life of Willianr Huntington . 43 The Workhouse 68 Errata — In t/f LiM nf I'lOi/'s, piuji: 10, it i in 1842, it should rea'l. IhlO. In the article on " The Old La.nb's C'ondui six-and-ticentieth day of Anrjust,'' o'c., read " th j In the article on " Remarkalle Houses" page ' lij Sir Francis Burdeft Coiitls, it should read '• ) ■ s stated that Canon Dale entered the vi ," page 17, "/or these leorhs icere heg e six-and-twentkth day o/" March." 51, it is stated that Holly Lodge ^cas pia 'm^ purchased &?/Mr. Coutts" carage in the chafed THE ¥Mm\ k €xM\m ST. PANGEAS. INTRODtJCTIUN. — TOPOGEAPnV. WHEN the Norman Conqueror ordered a survey to be taken of the whole of his newly-acquired domiuiuu, a lar;^e extent of country somewhat to the north- west of the City of London, and mostly covered with the ancient forest of Middle- sex, was known as St. Pancras. It covers an area of 2,700 acres, and its soil is com- posed of clay, gravel, and loam. It is bounded on the north bj' Hampstead, Finch- ley, ajid Hornsey parishes ; on the west by the parish of Marylebone ; on the south by the parishes of Bloomsbury and St. Andrews, Holboni ; and on the east by Clerk,enwcll and Islington. DERIVATION OF THE NAME ST. PANCRAS. — HISTORY OF THE SAINT. St. Pancras derives it name from the saint who suffered martyrdom, under the Emperor Dioclesan, at Rome. It is very probable that many may have imagined St. Pancras to have been a venerable disciple, with a flowing white beard and a long loose garment, and, like Polycarp, or Ig- natius, the head of some ancient district church. If so, they are quite mistaken. Pancratius (for that Avas his Roman name) was but a little handsome boy, about fifteen years of age, when he died as a martyr. He was the son of an ancient and wealthy Phrygian nobleman, in which country he was born. The first ten years of his life was spent at Synnada, and his mother, of whom he was devotedly fond, had brought him up with tender care, and his childish days were one round of sunshine and plea- sure. When only nine years of age, how- ever, he lost his beloved parent, and Cleonius buried his wife beside the waters of a brook that ran through his estate. Every day for three months, did he and his little boy Pan- cratius visit the mother's grave, to weep over and strew flowers upon the soil under which she rested. At the end of that time the father himself died out of grief for the loss of his partner. As he lay on his death-bed, however, and just before he died, he sent for his brother, and his last earne&t request was that he should take charge of his orphan child, Pancratius, and educate him as though he w^ere his own son. The boy's uncle promised faithfully to carry out the request of his dying brother. He thought that the best method which he could pursue to fulfil that wish, would be to take his little charge to Rome, that there he might have the advan- tage of the best instruction, and when he grew older would have an opportunity of perhaps obtaining a good position in the state. He accordingly did so, and it was in the reign of the Emperor Dioclesan, about the year of our Lord 290, that Pancratius and his uncle arrived in the Imperial city. The Christian religion was at that time, as indeed, it had been for a long while past, the subject of the bitterest persecution, and many of the disciples of our Lord had sealed their testimony with their blood. At that period, however, there lived amongst the Christians at Rome a pastor or bishop of the church whose name was Marcelliiius. This good and devoted man was in the habit of going secretly from house to house, affec- tionately telling the heathen Romans whom he could persuade to listen to him that Jesus, the despised Nazarene, was the Saviour of Mankind. The Emperor Dioclesan himself was a great THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. enemy to the Christians, and amongst those who assisted him in his efforts to extermi- nate them "was his minister Galerius, a man even more cruel than himself, and who at hist persuadc^l him to put all the Christians to death. In consequence of this cruel re- solve more vigorous proceedings than ever were taken, and many professing the new religion were put to excruciating torments, some being flayed alive, others burnt or thrown to the wild beasts at the Colisseura. Notwithstanding these persecutions, and though Marcellinus expected from day to day that his own turn would come, he fear- lessly went at the dead of night, when all Rome was slumbering, from house to house, cheering the desponding and rousing the in- different. One night, as Marcellinus was engaged in this good and courageous work, he happened to enter the house in which resided Pancra- tius and his uncle. To them he earnestly expounded the doctrines of the new faith ; and it is stated that he principally preached from the Gospel of St. John. They listened and believed ; they forsook the worship of the Temple of Jupiter, and often at midnight, with lighted torches in their hands, they would wend their ■\vay to the catacombs of Rome, there to celebrate the Lord's Supper and to commune with fellow Christian friends. Upon the approach of morning the catacombs would disgorge these nocturnal assemblages, the members returning to their separate homes, invigorated and strengthened against the terrors of death, and resolved, come what may, to confess Christ before all men. As we have said, the portion of Scripture from which Marcellinus principally expoun- ded was the Gospel of St. John, and the orphan boy and his uncle took mutual de- light in repeating to each other all that they could remember of what they had heard in the catacombs. Unfortunately the uncle died soon after his conversion, leaving young Pancratius alone in the world and almost broken-hearted. The day following this sad event, as he was kneeling beside the dead body, engaged In earnest pra3'^er, four Roman soldiers entered the room, and one of them, laying his hand upon the youth's shoulder, bade him rise and prepare to enter the presence of the Emperor. Brusliing awny Ills blinding tears, the little Pancra- tius rose from his knees, when a chain was fastened to his wrists, and after taking a last fond gaze at the calm hut rigid features of his dead unclf, he followed the guard to the Imperial palace of the Cffisars. It is said, that though his Httle arms ached with the heavy chains, and his tender feet were blistered with the fast walk which tlie brutal soldiers urged him to make, he dis- played a remarkably pleasant and cheerful countenance during his journey along the streets of Rome. Being the son of a noble - man, there is no doubt but that he was consi- dered worthy of a trial, or he would have probably been despatched at once. Diocle- san was seated upon his throne, surrounded by all the Insignia of royalty and power, when the footsore child was led hito the monarch's presence ; and a very striking spectacle it must have appeared, to have seen a weak youth, conscious of the strength of his faith, thus braving, witli undaunted courage, the majesty of Imperial Rome The Emperor himself, bitter as he was against the Nazarenes, was moved with pity when he saw the youthfulness of the hero whom he had ^iven orders to be brought before him. He tried to win him over by promises, in- stead of using threats, as was his wont. He reminded the boy of his father and mother, how, to their dying day, they had been faithful to the gods of their ancestors, and he promised to take him under his own care, and eventually place hira in a high position in the state if he would only offer sacrifice to Jupiter. The child, however, steadfastly refused. The Emperor then turned to threats. He told him that he should be destroyed that very day ; that he should not live an hour longer, and that his body should be thrown to the wild beasts. It is record: d, that pale and trembling as he was, he boldly answered, " You may kill me, but I dare nnt deny my Saviour ; I dare not worship idols. God will give me strength to die for him." ''Take the obstinate boy away from my presence," exclaimed the infuriated mo- narch ; " leiid him to the Aurelian Way and there dispatch him with your swords." The same legionaries who had brought him to the palace led him out and conducted him to the place where the monarch had directed. It was sunset, and kneeling down upon the pavement, with his hands fastened behind, the noble boy, pierced by the swords of his persecutors, died with the meekness and the heroism of a martyr. Late upon the same evening, some Christian ladles went to the place of his execution, and under the cover of night, secretly fetched away his little man- gled corpse and buried it in the catacombs of Rome. For many years after this Pancratius was forgotten, but after the conversion of the Emperor Constantlne, and when the Chris- tian Church at Rome became less pure, and THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. (lui; up the relics of saints, amongst tliose relics tlie bones of Panorivtius were disin- terred and regarded as sacred, and a magnifi- cent church was erected overliis burial place. From this church at R ime, all others of the same name derive their title ; and such are the interesting old Latin records of the his- tory of the youthful saint, which gave the name to the parish of St. Pancras. Ulxt ^lu^^ni piuiaiiB. IN that invaluable record, the " Dooms- day Book," caused to be written by WUliiim tlie Conqueror, and which is still kept in good preservation in the Record Office, Chancery Lane, it is stated that Pancras conti^ined four ancient hannlets, or prebendary manors, viz,, Kentish Town (an- ciently called Cantelows, or Kennistonnc); the hamlet of Tothele, or Tottenham Court ; St. Pancras proper, a small cluster of houses round the village chm-ch ; and the manor of K igcmere. These were the four principal manors in St. Pancras, and the following is a brief history of each : — CANTELOWS, OR KENNISTONNE. As regards the origin of the name Kentish Town, some antiquarians thuik it not im- probable that it may have been derived frnm the name of the wood ■which once covered its surface, called Ken Wood, part of which stiU exists on Lord Manfield's estate, and is now known as Caen Wood. It has ever been, and is now, a prebendial manor, that is, its pos- sessor pays a certain yearly sum to one of tlie prebends of St. Paul's. A long time ago, at the earliest period of Christian his- tory, one of the Deans of St Paul's was named Reginald de Kentwoode, from which, no doubt, the wood derived its title ; and the name of Kaunteloc, or de Kanteloc, appears in some of the most ancient court-rolls in the neighbouring manor of Tottenham Court, or Tothele. In the " Doomsday Book" it says, " The canons of St. Paufs hold four hides of land in the parish of St. Pancras, for a manor called ' Cantelows or Kennistonne.' The land is of two caracutes ;* there is plenty of tim- ber in the hedgerows, good pasture for cat- tle, a running brook, and 20d. rents. Four villeins,! together with seven bordars,| hold this land under the canon of St. Paul's, at 40s. a-year rent." lu King Edward's time it was raised to GOs. a-year. * A caracute was as much land as could be cultivated by one plough. f VilUeiis were common tillers of the soil, and were the absolute property of the pro- In the reign of Henry IV., Henry Bruges, Garter-King-at-Arms, had a splendid man- sion at Kennistonne, and, on one occasion, he there entertained Sigismund, Emperor of Germany, who was on a visit to this country, to a magnificent banquet at his residence there. This mansion stood near the old Episcopal Chapel at Kentish Town, said to have been erected by two brothers, Walter and Thomas de Cantelupe as early as the reign of King John, though some historians say the chapel only dates as far back as Elizabeth. According to a survey ordered to be taken in the time of Cromwell, in 1G49, this manor contained 210 acres of land. The manor- house was then sold to a Richard Hill, a merchant of London, and the manor to Richard Utber, a draper. At the restoration of the monarchy, however, the original lessees, or their repi^esentatives, were re-in- stated in their possession of the manor, but about the year 1670 it again changed hands, Jo'm Jeffreys, father of Sir Jeffreys Jeffreys, aldciTnan of London, becoming proprietor. By the intermarriage of Earl Camden with Elizaboth, one of the daughters and co-heirs of Richard Jeffreys, grandson of Sir John, it became vested in him in right of his wife, and it is now the property of the Earl Cam- den. The estate is held subject to a re- served rent of £20 Is. 5d. per annum, paid to the prebendary of St. Paul's. In ancient times the monks of Waltham Abbe}'', Essex, held an estate in the parish of St. Pancras, called by them CaneLond, (now prietors of the land on which the^' laboured. They could hold no property of their own, and were sold with the estate just the same as the cattle, or were transferred from one estate to another like any other goods and chattel . X A hiyrdar or cottar was a little higher in the social scale than a yillien. He generaUy rented a piece of land and a cottage, forwhicli he undertook to supply the lord of the manor's table with a certain quantity of eggs, butter, poultry, &c. THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. part of Caen Wood), with woods and pasture valued at £13. In the year IGGl, Venner, wlio raised an insurrection, and placed him- self at the head of the fifth monarchy men, fled with his followers to Caen Wood, and there hid themselves for about two weeks in the month of January, Several celebrated historians and antiquarians think that Caen Wood is the remains of the ancient forest of Middlesex. In 1601 this estate appears to have been the property of John Bull, Esq., who married Lady Pelham ; afterwards it fell into the hands of an upholsterer, named Dutton, who bought it out of a sum of money he had made in the celebrated South Sea Bubble scheme. Soon after, however, it fell into the hands of the Duke of Argylc, then into those of the Earl of Bute, and, finally came into the possession of Lord Mansfield, whose property it now is. During the time of the late Earl Mansfield, Chief Justice of the Kinc!;\s Bench, the seat which he erected in Caen Wood was the scene of much festivity. A visit to the summer seat of the Chief Justice at Hampstead, was cm- sidered by the fashionable world as f:;reat a trip into the country as a journe}^ to Land's End is now; and during the season it was crowded with the wit, learning and fashion of the great w^orld of London. The Earl spent vast sums in embellishing and improv- ing his seat and beautifying the grounds. The most remarkable room in the building is the library, a very splendid apartment, about 60 feet long by 21 wide) ornamented with paintings by Zucchi ; there are also fine busts of Sir Isaac Newton and of Homer, the last of which was bequeathed to Lord Mansfield by Pope. The paintings in the hall are by Rebecca, and in the beautiful parlour is a fine portrait of Sir Christopher Hatton. The grounds, including the wood consist of about iO acres, and connected with them are seven ponds, which gave rise to the river Fleet. In an old chronicle, it states, " that there were some beautiful water-works connected with these springs and ponds, un- der the management of a compau}'", incorpo- rated in 1692. These springs are made to supply some houses in the neighbourhood of Tottenham Court with pure water !" THE HIANOR OF TOTriELE, OR TOTTENHAM- COURT. The manor of Tothele, or Tottenham Court, is thus described in the records of the Doomsday Book : " The land is of four car- acutes, but only seven parts in eight are cultivated. There are four villlens and four cottars; wood and keep for 150 hogs, and about 40s. per annum arising from the sale of herbage. Rental, £4." In King Edward's time its value had risen to £5. This manor is also prebendary, and for a long time was kept by the prebend of Tottenhall in his own hands.' In 13-13, John De Caleton lield a court-baron as lessee, and the prebendary the same year held a view of frank-pledge, con- summating the lease with the above person- age. In the year 1500 the manor and pahice of Tottenhall were demised to Queen Elizabeth for 90 years. In the year 1630 a lease was granted to Charles I. ; and in 1649 It was seized as crown land by the Coramonweallh and sold to Ralph Harrison, Esq., for £3,318 3s. lid. At the restoration of the monarchy, it again reverted to the crown ; and in 1661 it was gi'anted by Charles 11. to Sir H. Wood, in payment of a debt which that spendtlirlft monarch owed to that individual. After that the lease became the property of Isabella, Countess of Arlington, from whom it was in- herited by her son Charles, Duke of Grafton. In 1768, the lease became vested in the Hon. Charles Fltzroy (afterwards Lord Southamp- ton), and an Act of Parliament was passed by which thefee-slmple of the manor was invested in him, subject to the payment of £300 per annum, in lieu of the ancient reserved rent of £46. According to a survey taken hi 1649, the manor comprised about 240 acres. In 1730, Tottenham Court was a kind of suburban resort of the London people. Its upper end, near Whitfield Chapel, was bordered with the hawthorn hedge, and on either sides were pleasant fields. About that time, an amphitheatre was erected by Small- wood and the celebrated George Taylor, and its entertainments were exclusively devoted to boxing and pugilistic encounters. The manners and the customs of tlie times were then so depraved that it was filled every night, and its audience comprised a good sprinkling of the nobility. A fair was also hi^ld annually, near Whitfield Chapel, and in the booths erected at such fair, some of the actors from the theatres royal, most celebrated for comic humour, entertained the public with droll Interludes. It became, however, to be the resort of so much vice, that the .Justices were obliged to suppress it in 1744. In 1748, a man named Daniel French, opened an amphitheatre in Tottenham Court Rond, at which, during the year, he exhibited an entertainment called the "Country Wake," consisting of a display of cudgel-playing, box- ing, wrestling, fisticuiTs, and winding up with a general meMe. In 1780, Earl Sandwich THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. suggested the opening of a theatre in Totten - hum Court Road, for the performance of ancient music, and the place became so popular that it was several times honoured by the King and Queen, indeed, they regularly attended for some time. After having had its day, it became a place of resort where comic pantomime and melodrama were played. This theatre is now known as the " Queen's" THE MANOR OF PANG K AS. The third great manor into which the parish of St. Pimcras was in days of yore d'vidcd, consisting of the land near the village churcli and round about Somers Town, was called Paneras Manor. It now includes several estates, such as the Skinner's, the Bedford, the Agar estates, &c., which were detached from the manor after the dissolution of the monasteries. When the great survey of Doomsday was taken, \yalter, a Canon of St. Paul's, held two hides of land in Paneras. " The land in this manor," says that record, "is of one caraeute, and employs one plough. On the estate are twenty-four men, who pay a rent of 30s. per annum." The accounts respecting the possessors of this manor are of a very imperfect and scanty nature for a long time after that period, but in 1375 we find that Joan, wife of Robert Lord Ferrers, died possessing this estate, paying a rent to the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's, of 30s. In 1373 it was sold to Sir Robert Knowles, and in 1381, the reversion, which belonged to the crown, was granted, after the death of Robert and his wife, to the prior and convent of the house of Carthusian monks, built in honour of the Holy Salutation. After the dissolution of the monasteries, it came into the possession of Earl Somers, in whose hands the principal portion of it still remains. The most remarkable historical incident connected with Somers Town is an account of its being supposed to be the site of an ancient Roman camp, called the "Brill," and which stood at the top of Brewer Street, around the spot where the old church now stands. Stukeley, the antiquarian, says the name Brill was applied to many old Roman stations. There is a village of Brill in Buck- inghamshire, which Camden thinks must have been a Roman station, from the fact that an immense number of coins have been discovered there ; he also mentions a Roman camp near Chichester, which retained the name of Brill or Briele. It was not long after Ctesar invaded the shores of Albion that he encamped upon this spot, and the circum- stances which gave rise to it are narrated in the following terms : — *' Caesar, having in his progress through the country, crossed the Thames at Chertsey, encamped near Staines, where a splendid embassy of Londoners waited upon him, de- siring his alliance and protection, and asking him to restore their Prince, Mundabrace, who had fled to Gaul to seek refuge from the enemies who had conspired against him at home, and had placed himself in Cassar's retinue. Caasar promised to attend to the deputation, and having first attacked a hos- tile British chief who had retreated to Wat- ford, he turned towards London with the in- tention of re-instating Mundabrace. On his arrival near the metropolis, Ocesar did not deem It advisable to encamp in the cit}^ it- self, he therefore pitched his camp in the north, just where old St. Paneras Church now stands, and there the Londoners came to meet him and arrange for the reinstating of their king." All traces of this camp are now swept away, but Stukeley, the authority we have just quoted, who lived in the last century, in a house in Queen-square, says, " That in his time, over against the church, in the foot- path on the west side of the brook, the val- lum or ditch was perfectly visible, its breadth from east to Avest forty paces i its length from north to south, sixty. North of the church was a square moated about, originally the proitorlum or residence ol' the English king, and where C;esar made the British kings, Casveliiam and Mundabrace as good friends as ever, the latter presenting him with that famous corslet of pearls wiiich the conqueror afterwards bestowed upon Venus In her temple at Rome." We are bound to record that much dispute has taken plnce amongst antiquarians as to the truth of Dr. Stukeley's statement. Some say that the ditches and earthworks he talked of were formed of the intrench- ments and ramparts raised in the fields near Paneras Church in 1042 : and an old chroni- cle states, that during the civil wars in the time of Cromwell, walls of raised earth were thrown up in the grounds contiguous to the Duke of Bedford's House in Bedford Fields. That, however, does not do away with the fact that the neighbourhood of the Brill was an old Roman encampment, for the name Brill is decidedly of Latin origin, and it is well known that Ca?sar encamped about the spot, and the forces in the time of Cromwell might have made use of the same site and rc-eonstructed or improved the more ancient earthworks. THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. Tlie Manor of Pancras continued to be principally a, pastoral district till the year 1700, the vilia^i'e itself consisting only of a few lonely houses surrounding the village church. When a visitation of St. Pancras Church was made by order of the Dean of St. Paul's in the year 1251, tliere were only forty houses in the whole parish, and those of the meanest description. The desolate condition of the village of Pancras, is thus quaintlj'- described by Norden the historian, who lived in the reign of Elizabeth : — ''^ About the Old Church there have been riianie buildings now decaied, leai'ln// poor Pancras alone, without companie or comforte. Although the place be as it 7vere Jbrspken of all, and true men seldom frequent the same, hut on divine occasions, lohen they come from the surrounding countrle for to praye ; yet it is oft visited by thieves, who assembled not there to praye but to lay in wait for preye ; and manie men fall into their hands that are clothed, loho are very glad if they can manage to escape all safe naked. Walk not there too late r' A ver}'- sad condition for poor Pancras to be in, it niust certainly be confessed, and the quaint pun which the historian endeavours to make at its expense, as well as the warn- ing at the end of his remarks is extremely interesting. It was probably about those periods the resort of robbers and highwav- men, who laid in wait for tfavellors proceed- ing to the north, and who frequented the country lanes that led to HIghgate from the metropolis. Indeed, so infested were these parts with foot-pads that less than one hundred years ago, travellers, who were about to proceed to Highgate or the north, would drop in at some hostelrie just on the outskirts, and wait in mine host's parlour until a goodly company was made up, when, for mutual protection and safetv, they would start off together. Kise and Progress of Somers Tovm. — The French Emigrants. In the year 1790 the metropolis had grown so large that buildings began to extend rapidly into the neighbouring suburbs. The first speculators, however, who obtained a lease from E'lrl Somers, and took to building upon Somers Town, did not meet with much encourafjement. Houses were run up and streets built, but they were so difficult of access (for the Euston Road was not then made) that large numbers re- mamed unoccupied. At length, however, the French Revolution took place, and many of thepeople who adliered to the ancient Bourbon monarchy of that country, sought an asylum in London from the storm of anarchy and terror which then swept over tiiat land. When they arrived in London, the emigrant French Roman Catholic priests fixed upon Somers Town as a desirable spot for the refugees to reside in. A gicat many houses were then unoccupied ; they would, therefore, have the advantage of being toge- ther if located there. Anotlicr advantage was they would be near to the what they considered the Catholic cemeter}' in St. Pan- cras, and as but few of them ever expected to see their own country again, it was some consolation to think that they would be buried amongst their own kindred. Indeed, St. Pancras churchyard was long looked upon with favour by Catholics as a place of interment. Various reasons are given for this preference. Some say it was in conse- quence of being the last place belonging to the Established Chnrch where Romish mass was celebrated ; others that St. Pancras was the name of a church in the south of France from whose neighbourhood many of these refugees had come. The most probable, bow- ever, was its convenience, and the associations were called up in connection with It after- wards. These poor emigrants, nearly all of whom had lived in comparative ease and luxiTr}" in their own land, were reduced to a state of beggary when they arrived in Somers Town ; for it must be remembered that those who thus fled their country were not the mere mob, who professed anything to suit the times, but were men of strong principle, who sacrificed all— land, houses, and wealth, to uphold it, and many of their descendants are amongst the most respected of our parishioners at the present day. The sojourn of the ejected French emi- grants in Somers Town, caused a great rise in rents, and stimulated builders to extend their operations in that neighbourhood. The French, however, in their hurried flight, having brought nothing with them, were soon thrown Into a state ofterrible destitution, and Somers Town was turned into a miserable district, known only in connection with want and wretchedness. At last a truly amiable and pbllantliropic Catholic, named Abbe Carron, came amongst them, and instituted several establishments for their i^elief, includ- ing a hospital for the reception of the agel and infirm French clergy, and a receptacle ' for the distressed female emigrants. Indeed, ! Abb^ Carron's exertions were unceasing. In 1810 he established an institution for the re- ; THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. lief of the destitute of his own congregation. Here soup was doled out to the poor liungry applicants twice a week, and wine, clothing, and pecuniary assistance administered when absolutely needed. In the Roman Catholic chapel in Clarendon Square, built for the es- pecial accommodation of the emigrants, stands a monument which was erected to the memory of this truly good man. The chapel also contains the remams of the Princess Conde'. A few years after the arrival of the French Catholics in Somers Town, a very interesting article appeared In the Gentlemaii's Magazine, upon the surprising progress of this district. It was then rising into importance, and the New Road had just been cut through the fields. As it affords some idea of the condi- tion of St. Pancras sixty years ago, it is givrn entire, as it was addressed to tiie editor of the above publication : — "Oct. 13, 1813. "Slu, — Permit me to acquaint you, from an irresistible whim, of what has occurred during the last thirty years in the place honoured by my residence in the north of London. A road has hren lately called the Netc Tioad, which has intersected extensive fields from Tottenham Court Road to Battle Bridge; about mid-way, and on the south- side of the same stood the famous ' Bowling- green House,' which had been noted for at least a century as a country retreat for Lon- doners on a Sunday afternoon; and lower down, on the opposite side, was the 'Brill,' a comfortablecountry tavern, and perhaps more ancient than its rival. A few houses near the ' Mother Red Cap,' at Camden Town, and the Old Church of St. Pancras, were the only buildings that interrupted the view of the country from Queen Square and the Foundling Hospital. With the exception of the two buildings already mentioned, and a group of tall trees in a lane leading from Gray's Inn Lane to the ' Bowling-green House,' there was nothing to Interrupt the view. Commencing at Southampton Row, near Holborn, is an excellent private road belonging to the Dtike of Bedford, and the fields along the road are intersected with paths in various directions. The pleasant- ness of the situation, and the temptation offered by the New Road, Induced some peo- ple to build on the land, and the Somers Places east and west arose ; a few low build- ings near the Duke's Road (now near the ' Lord Nelson'), first made their appearance, accompanied by others of the same descrip- tion ; and, after a while, Somers Town was planned. Mr. Jacob Leroux became the principal landowner under Lord Somers. The former built for himself a handsome house, and various streets were named from the title of the noble lord (Somers), a chapel was opened, and a polygon begun in a square. Everything seemed to prosper fa- vourably when some unforeseen cause arose which checked the fervour of building, and many carcases of houses were sold for less than the value of building materials. " In the meantime gi'adual advances were made on the north side of the New Road, from Tottenham Court Road, and, finally, the buildings on the south side reached the line of Gower Street. Somewhat lower, and near to Battle Bridge, there was a long grove of stunted trees which never seemed to thrive ; and on the site of the Bedford Nursery a pavilion was erected. In which her Ro}'al Highness the Duchess of York gave away colours to a volunteer Regiment. The interval between Southampton Place and Somers Town was one vast brickfield. " The influx of French emigrants, caused by the goings on In France, has contributed to the prosperity of Somers Town, by their occupying most of the previously empty houses ; and the increase of the native popu- lation began to be perceptible by the de- mand ibr ground offered in building leases by the Duke of Bedford and the Foundling Hosiiltal, whose trustees own a greal de.al of land In the neighbourhood. The conse- quence Is the erection of such streets as Guildford Street, Bernard Street, and the houses comprising Brunswick and Russell Squares, and Tavistock Place and Chapel, the east side of Woburn Place, &c. During this time the death of Jlr. Leroux occurred, and his large property being submitted to the hammer, numbers of small houses were sold for less than £150, at rents of £20 per annum each. The value of money decreas- ing at this time, from £30 to £40 were de- manded as rents for these paltry habitations ; hence many who could obtain the means be- came builders — carpenters, retired publicans, leather-worker.5, haymakers, &c., each con- trived to build his house, and every street was lengthened in Its turn. The barracks for the Life Guards in Chalton Street, became a very diminutive square, and now we really find several of these streets approach- ing the Old Pancras Road. The Company of Skinners, who own thirty acres of land, perceiving these projectors succeed in cover- ing the north side of the Euston Road from Somers Place to Battle Bridge, and that the street named from them has reached the THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. Brill Tavern (lately destroyed), have offered the ground to Mr. Burton to build upon, and it is now covered by Judd Street, Tonbridge Place, and a new chapel for some description of dissenters or other, and thus you see, Mr. Editor, we have lived to see Somers Town completely annexed to London. " After several fruitless attempts to sup- port the old chapel in Wilsted Street, the members of the Established CInirch gave way to the Baptists, who flourish wonderfully, and have a Lancastrian school to assist. The venerable little St. Pancras Church still re- mains, but it is too true an emblem of the decline of our church, shrinking into nothing in comparison with its towering rivals, (the chapels just mentioned) and the noble parish workhouse adjoining, "To return, however, to the New Road, where, close by a pretty cottage, surrounded by a. large flower-garden, and fronting an- other of vegetables, we find they are about to erect a magnificent square, to be called ' Euston-square,' and this, with Seymour Place, win complete the connexion with Tot- tenham Court Road. " To conchide : Clarendon-square, which encloses the Polygon, contains, on the north side, the establisliments of the Abbe CaiTon, a gentleman who does his native country honour. He resides in the house lately oc- cupied by the builder Leroux, and presides ov£r four schools for young ladies, poor girls, young gentlemen, and poor boys. A dormi- tory, bakehouse, &c., are situated between his house and the emigrant Cathohc chapel recently built, which contains a monument to the Princess Conde' ; further on is the .school for the poor girls, and at the back of the wliole are convenient buildings for the above purposes and a large garden. The general voice of the place is in favour of the Abb^, and be lias been of incalculable service to his distressed fellow-sufferers, who are enthusiastic in his praise. — Yours, &c., '■p. Malcolm." Such was tlie state of Somers Town in 1813. The Horse Barracks alluded to have been removed to Albany Street, Regent's Park; the Baptist Chapel" is still in Wilsted Street ; and tlie chapel behnginrj to some de- scription of dissenters or other is Tonbridge Chapel, of which the much-respected Mr. Madgin is the minister. Tlie Skinn-er's Estate. The Skinner's Estate in St. Pancras is held in trust by the Hon. and Worshipful Company of Skinners on behalf of their school at Tonbridge in Kent. The pro- perty was known by the name of the Sand- hills Estate, and consists of about thirty acres of land bequeathed by Sir Andrew Judde, Lord Mayor of London in 1558, to- wards the endowment of a school which he had founded in his native town of Tonbridge. Hence the nomenclature of various streets and edifices upon the said estate : Judd Street, Skinners' Street, Tonbridge Place, Tonbridge Chapel, tS:c. It is interesting to note the value of pro- perty then and now. In the old knight's will, made in the year 1588, he says, " I give and bequeath my estate called Sandhills, consist- ing of a close of pasture situated at the back- side of Holbom in the parish of Pancras, and valued at £13 6s. 8d. per annum, to the Company of Skinners on behalf of my school at Tonbridge, in Kent." Only jmi-t of the very same property, valued at £13 6s. 8d. a-year in 1588, was, on the 29th September, 1807, leased to Mr. Burton for 99 years at £2,500 per annum, and when that lease ex- pires, which will occur in Michaelmas, 1906, its yield of revenue will be something enor- mous. The school to the support of which Sir Andrew .Judde's estate in the parish of St. Pancras is applied, stands at the north end of Tonbridge. It is built in a plain neat uniform style. Behind it there is the master's habitation, together with a hall and refectory for the use of the scholars, and a small yet elegant library, built at the joint expense of the patrons of the school. There are also detached offices, a garden, and a playground. Among other matters contained in the statutes of the school, it is ordained that the master of the school shall be a Master of Arts, and that he shall have authority to reject such as apply for gratis insti-uction as day boys, unless they can write competently and read Latin and English perfectly ! The whole is under the management of the Skinner's Company, who -^nsit it annually in May. On the occasion of their visit, the company are attended, as their statutes direct, by some respectable London, clergyman, whose business it is to examine the several classes of the school. The examiner dis- tributes, as an honorary reward, a silver gilt pen to each of the six senior scholars, who on that day walk in procession to the church before their patrons with garlands of fresh flowers on their heads. L^-MVi i l.\J NS OF ST. PANCIIAS. THE MANOR OF KIJIJutler, the author of "Hudibras," an«t lie was related to the poet Pope. 12 Till- HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. The most striking monmiicnt in the churchi jijvhaps, is that erected to Phihidelphin. the wife of Thomas Wollnston, Ksfj., oT London. Tlic date is concealed, but It i.s of the Last oontnry, and the manner in whicli the hady inet her death is affcctingly denoted by her effiiiy, In veined marble, being recumbent npciii ;i couch with an infant In her anus. Tho following is a, brief hIstor\" of the uiore remarkable characters ^v]\n he en- tombed in the old church^'ard : — writers have ever attained a laro-er share of temporary celebrity than' Mrs. Godwin, hut tiie calamities of her life miserably prove the impropriety of her doctrine. Over her ashes is a square monumentid pillar, on one 5.ide of "which is written the following in- scription ; — "?*r.\.UY AV00L3T0Ni;iJR_VFT Ooi>\VIV, Author of ' A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.' Born April 27, 1759, Died September 10, 1797." She was born in Epplng Forest, and at an early age engaged lierself in the occu[)atioii of teaching, forv/hlch by her talents she was eminently qualified. Unhappily, however, her sentiments on religious and other subjects were most exceptionable, and when 'very young she imbibed principles quite hostile to all the usages of society, and which the experience of ages has proved to be most conducive to the happiness of mankind. She soon gave up the employment of teaching, and took to her pen, startling s 'elety by her eloquence, wit, and her novel and dangerous views. One of her doctrines was the inutility of the marriage state; sh.e held such a state to be quite unnecessary on principle, and acting upon it she connected herself with a Mr. Imlay, an American merchant, whom she met in Paris in 1792. This gentleman, hovrever, de?ert._^d her, and she was so affec- ted by it that ^he determined to destroy her- self. She took a boat at Westminster and rowed up to Putney Bridge, from which, she deliberately threw herself off in tlie montli of October, 1795. She was, however, buoyed I up by her clothes, and floated about 21^0 j yards down the river, and her fall having I been seen by some watermen, she was takon j up and carried into a public house called the " Duke's Head,"' where she was recovered by medical assistance. The circumstanc:! was I commented upon by the newspapers of the day, but it was not known till long after- wards, that the suicide, whose life had been saved, was tlie celebrated Marj' W'oolstone- craft. In the month of July, 179G, she took a house in Somers Tov/n, and not long after- wards she formed a connexion with I\Tr. (iod- win, author of " Caleb Williams." Their sentiments were perfectly In unison. They both had a contempt for the rite of marriage, and it was only in consequence of her preg- nancy, and the apprehension that she might he excluded from society, that she consented to enter that state. Iii 1707 Mr. and Mrs. Godwin took a hr.use in the Polygon, Somers Town, where slie died eleven days after having given birth to a child. Jolia Walker.— T\iQ munument erected to John AValker Is of a very plain description, but the well-known worth of the occupant v.'ill prove more durable than anything tViat can be engraven on sione. It mcrcdy states, '■ Here Lie the Remains of John AValker, -\u[hurof the 'Pronouncing Dictionary of the English Language,' of which he was for many years a y(;yj Distinguished Professor. Tie closed a life devoted to piet}' and virtue on the 1st of August, 180.", Aged 75." Besides bis " Pronouncing Dictionary," he wrote many other wr)rks of great value. WiUlaym WoIIeft, the celebrated engraver to King George III., lies buried in St. Pan- eras churchyard. His works are numerous, and are held in high estimation. A monu- ment has been erected to his memory in the cloisters of Westminster Abbey. Jerennj Collier, Wiis buried in St. Pancras chuichyard, April 29, 172C. He was edu- cated at Cambridge. In 1G85 he came up to London, and was soon after appointed lecturer at Gray's Inn. On the eve of the Revolution, though a member of the Church of England, he attached himself to King James, and wrote the first pamphlet against the Prince of Orange. His antagonism to the nQ,\\ government caused him to he im- prisoned twice, and his refusal to sign certain legal forms subjected him to an outlawry which continued to the day of his death. Soon after his release from imprisonment, he attacked the stage for its immorality, and so got engaged in a contest with niost.of the AXaj^ iiiolv_»m AKJ- LiiAViiiuL. Jl'lt 70. This tomb was erected by order and at the expense of the Earl of Moira, a monument ofhis lordship's esteem for the virtues and talents of the late venerable Tather O'Leary. 1804." The Chevalier de St. C'roi.r, died August 25, 1803, and was buried in St. Pancras churchyard. He was for some time Minister Plenipotentiary for the King of France in Sweden. After the seizure of Louis XIV., he fled to this country, where he became involved in much pecuniary distress, subsist- ing chiefly upon the bounty of some liberal friends. Jean Francis de la 2f; in Pancras to poor impotent people. Williara Piatt, Esq., in IC.-jT, gave £10 per annum to the poor of Higtigatc. and £10 to the poor of Kentish Town. Thomas Charles, Esq., in 1G17, gave a rent of £1 -Is. to buy bread for the puor. Thomas f'leeve, for the same purpose, gave, in IGoi, the sum of £50, with which was purchased a rent charge of £2 IGs. He also gave tlie like sum to the poor of St. Pancras living at Ilighgate, to be distributed in Highgate Chapel. John Cremer, Esq., of Gray's Inn, loft the sura of £2,000 to he distributed among H)0 poor housekeepers of the parish who had been rated in the poor books. The distribu- tion was made on the 14tli of March. 1781). THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. 17 ®he ©Id JTimiFs a|.aiukil a LAMB'S < Hattoii, 1 CONDt^IT," says Edward , the Author of a "New View of London,'' published in 1707, " stands somewhat above the north end of Red Lion Street, Holborn, in the Kelds, and affords plenty of water, clear as crystal, which is chiefly used for drlnkin^fj. The fountain head is und^ra stone marked vS.P.P., in the vacant gi'ound a little to the cast of the new Ormond Street, and from whence the water is taken in a conduit in lead pipes to Snow Hill, where there is a temple with a figure of a Lamb on it, denoting that its waters come from Lamb's Conduit." This celebrated conduit, which gave the name to the well-known street opposite the Fonndlinn' Hospital, was one of those sources which supplied the Londoners with water before the New Kiver Company came into existence. It was erected for the use of the Londoners by a gentleman of the name of AVilliam Lamb, of whom, notwithstanding his munificence, but little of his history is known at the present day. The greatest of his gifts, however, and which are recorded by Stow, are the building of the above-men- tioned conduit and the endowment of a chapel in the city, which was burnt down at the great fire of London. As we have said, a full account of the life of this public-spirited man is not now to be had, but what is known is recorded by Stow as follows : — " William Lambe, for some time a gentle- man of the chappele of King Henry VIIL, and aft 'rwards a Citizen and Clothworker of London, was born in Kent. Neere unto Holbnrne he founded a faire Conduite and a standard with a cocke at Holborne Bridge, and the water was carried along in pipes of lead from the north fields more than two thousand yards, all at his own cost and charge, amounting to the sum of fifteene hundred pounds. These works were begun the six-and-twentieth day of August, L577, and fully finished the 24:th of August the same veere. He gave also pails to one hun- dred and twenty poor women, wherewith to serve and carry this water as it ran out."* ' Before the method was adopted of laying From other sources we also glean that his prcfessinn was that of a chorister in St. Paul's and Westmi]i6ter Abbey. He was a free brother "of the Company of Cloth workers. At an early age he arrived at a state of great aflhicnce, and at the end of the reign of Henry VIII. appears to have quitted his pro- fession as a choir-singer, for his name does not oceur in the chapel-establishment of his immediate successor. His wealth must have been derived from other sources than that of singing, for the salary of a chorister in those days was only 7d. per diem. It is supposed, however, that he got into the good graces of the capricious monarch through his voice, and obtaining a grant of land from him after the suppression of the monasteries, was raised by him from the rank of a gentleman to that of an esquire. He was thrice married, and was interred in the parish church of St. Faith under the old Cathedral of St. Paul. Of his numerous charities to the various hospitals there is abundant mention. The head of this conduit stood, as we have olr-erved, on Snow Hill. Its form was that of a square pillar, ten feet high, with Corinthian pilla.^ters in the angles, and with a groined :irch roof. The pipe from which the water flowed issued out of an aperture halfway up the structure, and on the top stood the sculp- ture of a lamb with its head towards Hol- born Hill, in honour of the founder's name. This fubric was sufl'ered to remain some 3'ears after those of Chenpside, Alderm.anbury, and othur conduits were taken down. When, however, the New River Company com- menced to supply the metropolis with water, the conduit pipes got neglected and stepped up, and it ceased to run to Snow Hill, though still useful to the inhabitants in the neigh- bourhood of the streets in the north of Hol- born. The stone at the soutxe of the conduit itself was taken down at the time of the erection of the Foundling Hospital, and the v/ater caused to run a little more to the east, down pipes and supplying each house sepa- rately with water, Londoners had no other resource than hy fetching it from one of the conduits, or by paying men who made it their business to bring it from thence in pails. No. 3. L- THE IIISTORV AXD TRADITIONS OF ST. PAXCEAS. from v/]jci"ice, for a long time, the inhabi- tants lia built and endowed a chapel near Cripplegate, and gave it to the Clothworker's Company. lie likewise left to their trust a sufficient sum to give every year certain npparcl to twelve poor men and women. " To every one of the twelve men," he says in his will, " a frieze gowne, one shirt of linen cloth, and a good strong pair of winter shoes. To the women likewise, a frieze gowne, a smocke, and a good pair of winter shoes, ready for the wearinge. Ahvaies, be it remembered, that they be person- )ioth poor and honest, to whom this cbaritahlo decfle is to be extended, an 1 this ycerely done on the first of October." Four sermons are still ]ireaebed to the Clothworker's Company b}' their chaplain upon the four principal festivals of the year, viz., the Annunciatinn, the Feast of St. John the Baptist, St. Michael, and St. Thomas, on which occasion the Master, Wardens, and Livery of the Company go in their gowns in conformity with the will of William Lamb, to hear the preaching and to bestow alms. From Sir William Dagdale's history of St. Paul's, we learn that this muniticent citizen was buried in the church of St. Faith under that cathedral.^ In the plan which he has given of that subterranean church he has pointed out the very place where Lamb was interred, and a pillar standing in his time, on wliich was affixed a plate of brass, with the | following curious and original inscription, dictated by himself: — William Lamhe, so sometimes was my name, Whiles I alive dyd runne my mortall race, Serving a prince of most immortall fame, Henry the VIH., who of bis princely grace In his chapell allowed me a place, l>y whose favour, from Gentleman to Esquire, I was preferred with worship for my hire. AVith wives three I joynd wedlock hand, Which (all alive) true lovers were to me ; Joanne, Alice, and Joanne, for so they came to hande. What needeth praise regarding their degree, In wively truth none stedfast more could be ; Who, though on earth death's force did once dissever, Heaven yet, I trust, shall joyn us altoa:ether. <.) Lambe of God ! which sinnc didst take away, And as a Lambe was offered up for sinne, When I (poor Lambe) went from thy flock astray ; Yet thou, Good Lord ! vouchsafe th^^ Lambe to win Home to thy folde, and liolde thy Lambe therein ; That at the day when Lambe^ and Goates shall sever, Of tliy choice larabes, Lambe may be one for ever. I pra}^ you all that receive bread and pence,! To say the Lord's prayer before ye go hence. ^ The Church of St. Faith served as a parish church for the Company of Stationers and others dwelling in Paternoster Eow. It was in a vault under the choir of the Old Cathedral, soniewhat like the subterraneous church which was assigned to the French I'rotestauts in the vaults of Canterbury Cathedral, and which visitors may remember to have had shown them. f Alluding to his gift to the Clothworker's ; Company j THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST PANCRAS. 19 Upon tlie upper portion of the tomb was engraven as follows : — " As I was, so are ye, As I am, 3-0U shall be, That I had, that I gave. That I gave, that I have. Thus I end all my cost, That 1 left, that I lost. (i^ (J|.oiui(llin0 Sjofji^ital THE trustees of tlie Foundling Hospital own several pieces of laud in St. Pan- eras on behalf of this noble charit}'. The following is a brief account of the origin and progress of this interesting insti- tution : — Addison, in one of his periodical essa3's in the Guardian (No. 105), sa^'S, " I will men- tion a species of charity which has not yet been excited amongst us, and which deserves our attention the more because it is prac- tised by most of the nations amongst us. I mean a provision for foundlings, or for those children who, through want of sucli a pi*o- vision, are exposed to the barbarity of cruel and unnatural parents. One does not know how to speak of such a subject without horror, but what multitudes of infants have been made away with by those who brought them into the world and were after'wards ashamed or unable to provide for them ! There is scarce an assizes where some un- haj^py wretch is not executed for the mur- der of a child ; and how many more of these monsters of inhumanitj' may we suppose to be wholly undiscovered or cleared for want of legal evidence." In consequence of this and similar appeals the matter at that time proceeded so far that various persons left by their wills sums for the support of the projected charity, but it was not until Captain Coram came upon the scene about ten years later, that the sclieme assumed a tangible shape. This gentleman, who was the master of a vessel trading to the colonies, had his attention drawn, while frec|uentl3' passing, in the pursuance of his occupation, to and fro between Rotherhithe and London, to the numbi-r of infants lie fre- quently saw exposed in the streets, de.-erted and left to perish through the inclemency of tlie seas -n. Coram accordingly took the ' matter in hand, and straggled for seventeen \ vears to obtain the corap]el:e establishment I of the Foundling Ho-pital Never was phi- i h.mthropist more indtd'Htigable than Coram ; and, like other guod men, his perseverance did not meet with the most courteous ac- knowledgment. A copy of Coram's memorial and petition to her Royal Highness Princess Amelia is deposited among the records of the Hospital, at the bottom of which Coram has written tlie following note : — " N.P.— On Innocent's Day, tlie 28'Lh of December, 1737, I went to St. James's Palace, to present this jiotition, having been first advised to address the Lady of the Bed- chamber in Waiting to introduce it ; but the Lady Isabella Finch, who was the Lady in Waiting, gave me very rough words, and bade me begone with my petition, which I did, without opportunity of presenting it. " TiiojiAS CoKAai." At last, however, begot a memorial signed by twenty-one ladles of quality, noblemen and gentlemen, and a charter was given by George II., on the 17th October, 1739, and a corporation was appointed, including John Doke of Bedford, several peers, the Master of the Rolls, the speaker of the House of Commons, the Attorney General, Solicitor General, and Captain Coram. The IIos])ital was first opened at a house in Hatton Garden, on the 2Gth October, 1740. Tlie day previous to the opening there appeared on the door the following notice; — " To-moiTow, at eight oV-lock in the even- ing, this house will be oj'ened for tlie recep- tion of twenty children, under the following regulations ; — No child exceeding the age of tv\'o months, will be taken in, nor such as have the evil, leprosy, or diseases of like na- ture. . . . The person who brings a child is to come at the outward door and ring a bell at the inward door, and not to go away until the child is returned or notice given of its reception ; but no questions whatever will be asked of any jierson bring- ing a child, n^r shall anv servant of the 20 THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. house presume to endeavour to discover who such person is on paia of being discharged. All persons who bring children are requested to affix on each child somy particular writing, or other distinguishing mark or token, so rhat the children may be known if hereafter necessary." The twenty children were accordingly- taken in and immediately afterwards a no- tice appeared on the door, " The hons<^ h /till." It can be left to the imagination to picture the appearance of the street on that especial morning, the rushing, scrambling, and squeezing ; in fact, disgraceful scenes used to take place in Hatton Garden amongst the mothers, who fought and struggled to get in the front, that they might obtain an entrance into the outward door, the success- ful being those who were the strong(:'st, and it very often happened that in the ?neL'e a number of the infants got seriously injured. These raehmcboly and disgraceful scenes were subsequently got rid of by an ingeniou^^ balloting process, all the women being ad- mitted into the court-room to draw balls from bags, those who drew black ones were immediately dismissed, those who drew white were entitled to an admission for their children, if eligible, whilst those who drew red might remain to draw once more amongst themsflves for any vacancies left open by the ineligibility of the former chi.^s. The establishment in Hatton Garden, how- ever, soon outgrew itself. The clamorous demands for- admission were overwhelming, and London was astonished at the number of foundlings which it called into existence. Fresh funds were solicited, and a large tract of ground, now called tlie Foundling Estate, was taken for the purpose of erecting a commodious and substantial building. The site selected was then a beautiful open country spot, and would be liardly rec^g- m'sible at the present da}', by the good uld Captain Coram, were it possible that he could be recalled to life, built upon and sur- rounded as it is by tall and stately edifice.^. In 174-5 the western wing of the present Hospital was opened, and the house at Hat- ' ton (xarden given up ; the other two portions of tije Hospital soon followed, and in 1747 the chapel was begun, and here, full of years and hoLiours, was buried Coram, in 1751. the first person interred in that place. At liis funeral the charter w-is borne before him on a velvet cushion, and the pall was supported hy a number of distinguished personages. In the chapel is an altar-piece by Westj " Christ blessing little children," a beautiful painting. The magnificent organ was the gift of Handel, who drew large audiences by performing his "Messiah" upon it, adding upwards of £10,000 to the funds of the in- stitution. Not content with this munificent act on the part of the immortal ci.imposer, it is stated that the tnjstees of the Hospital petitioned Furliumcnt to allow them to lay claim to the copyright oi' the " Messiah" for their own especial benefit. When Handel heard of this request, being entireU' ignorant of the meaning of the a[>pfication and yet annoyed at their assmnption, lie indii^nantly exclaimed "What de deevil do yon mean bv sending my music to de Parlement !" The great attraction in connection with tlie service at the chapel is the singing, which is very beautiful, professionals being cng;iged to render it with effect. The visitor U ex- pected to drop a piece of silver in the plate npon entering. In the girls' dining-room is the famous picture of Captain Coram painted by Hogarth, and upon which he said he exercised more pains and patience than upon any of his oth^r works. The two most interesting apartments in the hospital are those devoted to the use of the secretary and the committee of numagement. In the secretary's room is " Elisha raising the child," also an immense sea-piece by Brook- ing, painted within the walls, landscape.^ and portraits; bat the gem of the place, and, iikdeed, of the entire collection, is Hugiirth's " March to Fiachley." The history of this work is curious. Among his other benefac- tions to the hospital Hogarth gave a number of unsold tickets connected with the disp(!sal of the " March to Flnuhley," hy lottery : one of the tickets obtained the prize. The walls of tlie committee-reuim are niag- nificently decorated. The lieautifui stucco- ! ceiling, the marble chlmncy-]nece, the verd- ' antique table, with its magnificently carved | support, and the glass above it, are respcc- j tively the gift of different artists. Rystrack gave the beautiful piece of sculpture over the | mantel-piece ; Hogarth, Hayman, Wills, and HIghmore, contributed the four great pictures wliich occupy so large a portion of the walls; whilst Wilson, Gainsborough, and others of humbler name filled the eigiit small round compartments scattered between the more pretending works, representing ditferent me- tropolitan hospitals. Of the four larp.<.-r pic- tures Highmore's represents the " Angel of the Loi-d and Ishmael ;" Well's, " Christ show- ing a child as the emblem of Heaven ;" H;iy- mau's, " The finding of Moses ;" and Ho- garth's " The adoption of Moses by Pha- roah's daughter." It is in this room that the THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCUAS. 21 eouiuiittee sit every Wednesday and decide ail applications for admission. It may be in- teresting to note, that from the rooms in the Foundling Hospital thus decorated by the hand of genius, the first idea of estabhshing the Royal Academy originated. Shortly after the removal of the Hospital from liatton Garden results anything but fa- vourable to public momhty urose i'roni the system of management hrought to bear on the charity. Such a number of calls were made for admission that the funds became exhausted, and application was made to Par- liament ibr a grant, and £10,000 was allowed. The governors thereupon set to work to meet all demands made for admission, and that no trouble should be given to the parents a basket was hung at the gate and they were requested to ring a bell v,-lien they deposited their little burdens therein. The consequence was that in less than throe years and eight m)nths, the time this precious system lasted, nearly 15,0o0 infants were received in the Foundling Hospital ; out of this number, however, as if to prove the frightful evil of such ill-judged management, they were only able to rear 4,000. A correspondent in one of the papers of the day, wrote from a town 300 miles distant from London, the following letter in reference to the system which had sprung up of tratlicking in the conveyance of foundlings from thence to the Founding Hospital. It illustrates, no doubt, what was being carried ou all over England ; — " There is set up in our corporation a new and uncommon trade, namely, the conveying of children to the Foundling Iio?pita), in London. The person employed in this tniliic is a woman of notoriously bad cha- racter. She undertakes the carrjing of these children at so much per head. She has, I am told, made one trip already, and, has now set upon her journey with two of her daughters, each with a cijild upon her back." From another quarter it was reported that the charge for carrying up children from Yorkshire to London, four in two panniers strung across a horse's back, was, for some, eight guineas a trip, but competition soim reduced this amount, and, to make it up, the carriers used literally to strip the little thino"S naked, for the sake of tiie value of their clothing, and thus leave them in the basket at the Foundling gate. The evil of this .system was too glaring to last long. In ITG'J a resolution was passed declaring that the indiscriminate admission of all children under a certain age, into the Hospital, had been attended with many evil consequences, and that it be discontinued. The national funds contributed no less a sum than £549,796 to the expenses of this ill-judged experiment. The governors of the charity, after this se- vere warning, proceeded with more caution ; they restricted their exertions to the scope of their own funds ; they endeavoured to re- duce the evils which must belong to all such institutions to a minimum, and to raise the good they could accomplish to a maximum ; yet it was not till 1801 that the most objec- tionable practice of taking children without inquiry, on the pa}uient of £100, was formally abolished. Of the present government of the Hospital httle need be said. The system of manage- ment is nearly as perfect as it is possible to make it; the funds are more than amply suf- ficient, the receipts being in 1841 £11,000, and as all those large and valuable houses be- longing to the charity, which surround it, are held on leases, the actual revenue in the course of a very i'ew years will be at least £5(t,000. There are at present nearly 400 children in the hospital, so that the funds will soon admit of a great extension in their numbers. In respect to the mode of admission at the present time, Mr. Wrottesley, commissioned by Government to inquire into the manage- ment of the various hospitals, thus w^rites ; — "■ Tbe most meritorious Ci)se would be one in which a young woman having uo means of subsistence except those derived from her own labour, and having no opulent rtdations previously to committing the offence, bore an irreproachable character, but 3-ieldod to long- continued seduction and -.m express promise of marriage, whose delivery took pbice in secret, and whose shame was only known to one or two persons, and, lastly, whose em- plo\'ers, or other persons, were able or de-I- rous to take her into si rvice if enabled to gain her livelihood by the reception of the child, — this is considered the must eligible case." The chihlren are baptised the day after their admission, and named; names of a general character are chosen. Immediately after baptism the infants nre sent to one of the two stations in the coimtry, East Peck- ham, in Kent, and Chei'tse}', in Surrey. The nurses who receive the children are in receipt of os. 6d. a week each, and a gra- tuity of lOs. Gd. at tlie end of the first year if the child appears to have been snreessfullj- THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. rearo'l. The iinrses auJ their hiisbancis, generally" poor cottagers, are not only called fatlicr and mother by the children, but tlie}^ invariauly fulfil their duties in a manner that not only leaves nothing to be desired, but that goes beyond all reasonable expecta- tion ; indeed, so strong is the attachment which generally grows up between nurse and child, that when the age is attained at which the latter is removed to London, tho parting is often of a very distressing clmracter. "When the time expires for the children to leave the Hospital, the boys are apprenticed to different tradr^s, and, if required, premiums are given varying from £5 to £10. The girls arc never entrusted to the c;ire of un- man'ied men, nor to married men, except with the consent of their wives, nor to per- sons who only keep a single servant. Per- sonal inspection and inquiry as to their con- duct is kept up through the whole period of tlieir apprenticeship, and more particularly with regard to the females. A pleasant cus- tom has been introduced of giving to the gi-adually dissolving connection the right tone of feeling preparatory to its final disso- lution. Once in every year takes place a meeting of the apprentices of the hospital, to mingle once more among their youthful associates and elder friends and guardians, on which occasion a gratuity is given to all who can present a certificate of good con- duct from theu' employers. St. a^Mii THE spot now occupied bj-St. Chnrl'sRov.-, near the Home and C'donird Scliools, Gray's Inn Road, was formerly noted on account of its well, dedicated to St. Chad. The well-house still exists (18G0), but will soon 1)6 numbered with the things of the past, the Metropolitan Railway Company being about to raze it to the ground. The follow- ing accountof a visit by a gentleman, in 182.5. taken from " Hone's Every-da3^ Book," will be found interesting: — " St. Chad died about tlie year G7.3. He was the founder of the see and bishopric of Litchfield. According to Bede, he died at- tended by angels ; joyful melody, as of persons sweetly singing, descended from heaven to his oratory, for half an hour, and then mounted again to heaven, presaging his decease. "St. Chad's "Well, near Battle Bridge, takes its name from the above saint. The water was aperient, and in years gone by was purchased by crowds of invalids, who used to Hock thither to drink it, the cost at fir^t being (id. a-head, but afterwards brought down to the low sum of one halfpenny per glass. " If anyone desire to visit this spot of emi- nent renown, li:-t bim descend from Holborn Bars to the very bottom of Gray's Iini Lane. On the left hand side formerly stood a con- siderable bill, whereupon were wont to climb and browze certain swine of the metropolis — the hill was the largest heap of ciuiler dust in the neighbourhood of London. It was formed by the annual accumulation of some thousands of cartloads, and was afterwards exported in .ship-loads to Russia for making bricks to rebuild JIoscow after the conflagra- tion of that capital by the entrance of Na- poleon. Opposite this mrsightly hill, and on the right hand side of the road is an angle- wise, faded inscription of Saint Chad's Well. It stands over an elderly pair of wooden gat„s, one whereof opens upon a scene which the unaccustomed eye ma}' take for the pleasure- grounds of Giant Despair. Trees stand as if made not to vegetate ; clit.)ped hedges seem willing to decline, and woecls struggle weakly upon unlimited borders. If you look around, you see upon an octagonal board, ' Health preserved and restored.' Further on, towards the left, stands a low, old-fashioned comfort- able-looking, large-windowed dwelling, aiid there also stands at the open-door an ancient female, in a black bonnet, a clean bine cotton gown and a checked apron. Tbis is tlie 'L'idy of the Well.' She gratuitously informs yon that the gardens of St. Chad's Well are for exhibition b}* paying for the water, of wliicli you may drink as much as you please for THE HISTORY AND TRADITIOXS OF ST. PANCRAS. ur.u ,£;uiiiep. per year, Os IjJ. quarterly, 4s. GJ. monthly, or Is. Gd. weekly. You qualify for a single visit by payinj; Gd., ami a large glassful of warm water is handed to you As a stranger you are told that St. Chad's "Well was famous at one time, and should you be inquisitive the dame will tell you that ' things are not as they used to be in her time, anil she cnn't tell what will happen ne.s.t.' While drinking St. Chad's water yon observe an imnien^^e copper into which is poured the water, and there heated to a due efficiency, from wdieiice it is drawn by a tap into gla-ir>, wlio had missed him fiir lire teonths, all nf wljicli time it appears he li;;d been in the common sewer, and wus improved in ['rice from ton shillings to two guineas." IMuch, however, as we may lamt-nt th^ metamorphosis of a clear running stieani into a filthy sewer, the Fleet Brook does the J^ondonci" good service. It affords tlie he:-.t of natural drainage for a ho;ge '■xcent norrh of the metropolis, and irs le\"el is so situati d 28 THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. as to render it capable of can-ying off the contents of a vast number of side drains wbicli run into it. It is now nearly all covered in, but there still exists in its native state, a few yards in oar parish. At the back of the Grove, in the Kentish Town Road, a running rill of water, one of the little arms of the Fleet, is yet clear and un- tainted, and continues so till it empties itself into the parent brook. Another arm, which joined the Fleet near Dr. Orange's garden, may be seen on the east side of the Kentish Town Road, at the bottom of the field at the back of the "Bull and Last Inn." We are not sure, whether its communication with the Fleet is not now cut off, but it once belonged to that river, and as we lean over the paling of the little wooden bridge and listen to the soft trickling of the running water, we picture to our minds the time when it could liavc been followed, clear and ftninless, into the equally clear and stainless Thames. ®Iie ''^hm Hud (&v{' AMONG the many plnces of entertainment and resort -with winch the suburbs of London abounded during the hist cen- tury, the " Adam and Eve '' Tea Gardens at the corner of the Hampstead Road ranked amongst the foremost. The "Adam and Eve'' is supposed, to stand upon the site of the old Manor House cfTottenhall or Tot- tenham Court. Contiguous to the inn, and near to the reservoir in the Hampstead lload, there formerl}"" stood an ancient house, called in various old records " King John's Palace." Whether King John ever resided there or no, it is now impossible to ascertain ; all we have for its authority is tradition, but that the old manor house of Tottenhall was once called a palace is pretty evident, and tliL'. fact that there is a place in the Euston Koad called " Palace Row" supports the tradition that the house was generally known by that name. In the year 1800, when the northern end of Tottenham Court Road from Whitfield Chapel was lined on either side with the hawthorn edge, the " Adam and Eve " tea- gardens were the constant resort of thousands of Londoners. It then had spacious gardens at the rear and at the sides, and a fore-court, with large elm-trees, and tables and benches for out-door customers, who pruferrod to smoke their pipes and enjoy the fresh air from Marylebone Park in front of the road. Liside the gardens were fruit trees and bowers, and arbours, with every accommoda- tion for tea-drinking parties. At that period, there was only one conveyance a day between Paddington and the city. This conveyance was called the " Paddington Drag," and stopped to take up passengers at the " Adam and Eve," whose doors it passed by twice a- day. It -was driven by its proprietor, per- i'orming the journey In two hours and-a-half quick tbne^ returning to PaddIn'j,"ton in the evening within three hours from its leaving the City, which was deenitdyai/' time con.^i- siderlng the necessity for precaution against the accidents of " night travelling !" The following interesting letter appeared in the Year Book of Facts, edited by Mr. Hone, from an old parishioner, who appears to have been well-acquainted with the " Adam and Eve," together with the condition of the sur- roundlnn; neighbonrhood during the latter half of the past century. After referring to some notice that had been made of the " Adam and Eve " by the editor, he says : — " Mr. Editor, — It may also be recol- lected that the " Paddington Drag," the tedious process of which you have so correctly described, made its way to the City from Paddington down the defile called Gray's Inn Lane, and gave the passengers an oppor- tunity for shopping by waiting one hour at the " Blue Post," Holborn Bars. The route to the Bank by the way of the City Road was then a thing nnth ought of, and the Hampstead coachman who first achieved that daring feat was regarded with an admiration somewhat akin to that bestowed on him who first doubled the capo in search of a passage to India. " The spot near the * Adam and Eve,' i I recollect well as a rural suburb. It is now surrounded on every side with houses | and streets, but was once numbered among the common walks of a Cockney's Sunday strolc. George Wither, in his ^' Brittannia llemera- brancer,' 1623, has this passage : — THE IIISTOKY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. 20 " ' Some by the banks of Thames their plea- sure taking : Some sillabubs among the milkmjiids making; AVith music some, upon the waters rowing ; Some to the next adjoining hamlets going, And Hogsden, Islington, and Tothnam- Couft, For cakes and creame had then no small resorte/ " In the same poem the following lines occur : — " ' Those who did never travel, till of late Half way to Pancridge from the city-gate.' " Broome, in his ' New Academy,' 1658, Act. 2, has this passage : — " 'When shfiU we walk to Totknam Court; or Crosse o'er the water ; or take a coach to Kensington ; Or Piiddint^ton, or to some one or other Of the city outleaps, for an afternoon?' " In Act 3 of the same play, it says : — *' ' He's one Of the four famous parties of the time ; None of the cremo and cake boyes ; nor of those That gall their hands with stool-balls, or their cat-.-tlcks, For white-pots, pudding-pies, stewed prunes, or tansies, To feast their titts at Islington or Hogsden.' " The " Adam and Eve" was also celebrated on account of its cream-cakes, which were then a delicacy much in vogue among rural excursionists to the outskirts of the metro- polis. Another writer to the same book upon the same subject, writes the following inter- esting communication to the editor: — " Sir, — Your brief notice of the ' Adam and Eve ' has awakened many pleasant re- collections of a suburb which was the fre- quent hau.nt of my hoyish days, and the scene of the happiest hours of my existence at a more mature a^^e. Few places afford more scope for pleasant writing than the northern suburbs of London, for not many places have undergone within the space of a few years, a more entire, and to me, a scarcely pleasing, mutation. I am almost afraid to own that Old Marylebone Park holds a dearer place in my affections than its more splendid but less rural successor.* When, too, I remember the lowly but picturesque old ' Queen's Head and Artichoke,' with its long skittle and ' bumble-puppy ' grounds, and the ' Jew's Harp,' with its bowery tea- gardens, I have little pleasure in the sight of the gin-shop lookino-i-d thus to have been collected; but after they had obtained :is much as they could they threw the body, coffin and all, into one of these soil-pits. In the course of time the corpse of course floated and the atrocity wns discovered, but the perpetrators were not to be found. My informant saw the procession himself, and subsequently the fragments of the coffin lying on the surface of the water. I will only add that he recollects seeing Sixteen-String Jack taken to Tyburn, and also going to see the celebrated Ned Shuter at a low pot-house in St. Giles' at six in the morning, and where, upon quitting the theatre, he had adjonrned to exhibit his e:-:- traordinary powers to a motley crew of mid- night revellers, consisting of highwaymen carmen, sweeps, et id r/eims omne. " Yours respectfully. "T.'F." The "Adam and Eve," like other old " suburban" houses of enttM-tainment, is now far away from the fields. It used to include the baker's shop at the corner of the Hamp- .^ti.'ad R"ad, over which was inscribed " The Ailam andiction in former times. It is one the most ancient roads in the north of Lon- don. The historian Camden, says, " it was opened to the public in the year 1300, and was then the principal road for all travellers proceeding to Higligate and the north." It was formijrly called " Longwich Lane," and was generally kept in sucli a dirty, disrepu- table state as to be almost impassable in winter, and was so often complamed of that the Bishop of London was induced to lay out a new road from the top of Hampstead Heath to Highgate Hill, so that a carrier coming from the west country might get to the north by avoiding Longwich Lane. Norden, in his work called the " Speculum Britannife," says, " The old and anciente highwaye to Highe Baniet, from Gray's Inn and Clcrkenwell, was through a lane to the east of Pancras Church, called Longwich Lane, from whence, leaving Highgate on the west, it passed through Tallingdon Lane (the old road over the archway) and so on to Crouche Ende, thence through Hornscy Greate Parke to Muswell Hill, Coanie Hatche, Fryene Bar- nete, and so on to Whetstone. This anciente waye, by reason of the deepness and dirtieness of the passage in the winter season, was re- fused uf wayfaring men, carriers, and travel- lei's, in rfgarde whereof it is agreed between the Bishop of London and the countrie, that a new waye shall Ije laide forthe through Bishop's Parke, beginning at Highgate Hill, to leade directe to Whetstone, for which a certain tole should he paid to the Bishop, and for that purpose has a gate been erected on the hill, that through the same all tra- vellers should passi, and be the more aptly staide for the same tole." This new road, however, was convenient only to those who passed to the north through Hampstead, and numerous accidents and inconveniences at- tendant on the continued bad state of Maiden Lane, caused many complaints, and in the Public Advertiser of August 5, 1770, a letter i-ecommended that a road, commencing from the " Bull," in Ken- tish Town should be made to run eastward, avoiding the hill. In 1778 a dispute arose between Islington and St. i*ancras as to which parish should bear the expenses of the repairing of the road, which gave rise to legal proceedings. On the 11th of May, 1791, an indictment was laid against the parish of Islington by St. Pancras for the non-r'pair of the road. It appeared that a boundary-stone belonging to Islington ha'd bemi incautiously removed trom the south-side of the lane to the west, thereby including the whole of the I'oad within that parish ; after which St. Pancras refused to bear any more expense. Islington contended that it was a party-road, and urged the fact that the plan of the manor of St. John of Jerusalem extended only to the centre of the lane, which manor defined the boundary of Islington: evidence was also brought forward from the records of the Manor of Cautelows, and from the Chapter House of St. Paul's. Notwithstanding all this evidence, however, it was decided that Maiden Lane belonged to Islington, and though they appealed against such a decision, it was confirmed by the King's Bench, and has ever since been under their jurisdiction. 33 THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. THE EUSTON KOAD. The above road (lately called the New Road), and along which so vast an amount of merchandise and traffic pass daily, is scarcely a century old, and was, in the year 1750, part of an expanse of verdant fields. It was made by virtue of an act of Parliament passed in the reign of George II. (1756), after a most violent contest with the Duke of Bedford, who opposed its construc- tion on the ground of its approaching too near to Bedford House — the duke's town mansion. The Duke of Grafton, on the other hand, supported it with all his power, and after a fierce legal battle it was ulti- mately decided that it should be formed. A clause in the act prohibited the erection of buildings within fifty feet of the road, and empowered the authorities of parishes through which it passed, to pull down any such erec- tion, and levy the expenses on the offending goods and chattels, without proceeding in the usual way, by indictment. The effect of such resolution was the laying out of gardens be- fore the houses, though the law appears to be now set aside, shops being continually brought out to the footway. The following are a few extracts from the daily papers of tlie period, showing the great interest taken by the public at the time of its progress : — March, 1750 — " Tlie intended new road through St. Pancras from Paddington to Islington, would meet with no sort of objec- tion, provided the owners of certain lands would consent to a clause against building ■, but as that don't appear to be their intention, it is doubted whether the bill will pass upon the present plan." May 8, 1752. — " On Wednesday next a board of the trustees for the great new road, will be held, and the next day men are to work on it. It is computed the charge for making it will amount to £8,000." Sept. 13, 1756. — " It is with pleasure we can assure the public that great numbers of coaches, carriages, and horsemen pass daily over the New Road from Islington to Battle Bridge, and that the surveyors are hard at work in fencing and marking out the road across the fields from Battle Bridge to Totten- ham Court Road." Sept. 17, 1756.—" The tracts and fences of the lands between Battle Bridae and Totten- ham Court Road were levelled on Friday last, 90 that the New Road across the fields to Paddington, and the grand communication between the great eastern, western, and northern roads, are now open to the public at large." Sept. 22, 1756.—" A scheme, we hear, is already concerted to build no less than forty new streets contiguous to different parts of the New Road. The road is said to bid fair to be an expensive one, 100,000 cartloads of gravel being thought to be rather under than over the mark for completing it." Such are a few extracts from the daily papers during the construction of the Euston Road. Its subsequent history is well-known. After being macadamised, it was paved with wood, after that at a gi'eat expense, with granite cubes. It is now being torn up by the Metropolitan Railway Company, which great undertaking will form the subject of future history. THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. 33 ©Ire "§oaii(t4(t ^m^t!' IN the ycnr 1743 a man named Daniel French opened an amphitlieatre in Tot- tcnliain (,'ourt Kond for the exhihition of prize f^^htin^^ In this place tlie renowned James Figg iiscd to display his science to muhitndes of the pugilistic fraternity. Far more noted however, wns a place culled the "Boarded House," of which Flgg was the proprietor, and -which was situated in Mary- lehone Fields. At the death of Figg another house, or amphitheatre, was erected at the back of the "Boarded House" byBroughton, (who became no less celebrated as a pvize- hghter,) and which likewise became noted as a place for the exhibition of pugihsm. A short account of the characters frequenting', and amusements provided at tbesc houses, will give an idea of the manner in which many of the inhabitants of St. Pancras and Mary- lebone used to spend their hours of " re ■ creation" a century ago. Foremost amongst the prizefighters of Ins time was the celebrated James Figg. lie was a great favourite amongst the aristo- cracy who extensively patronised the ring, A poem of Dr. Brysom's, describing a fa- mous combat between Figg and Sutch, be- " Long-live the great Figg, by the prize- fighting swains Sole monarch acknowledged of i\rar3de- hone plains." Figg, who long bore the palm of victory from all competitors, was the acknowledged champion of England, and was extolled by Captain Godfrey in his treatise on the "Science of Defence," as the greatest mas- ter of the art he had ever seen. He called him the "Atlas of the sword," and said " that he nnited strength, resolution, and un- paralleled judgment." The amphitheatres in which prize-fights used to take place were the favourite resort of a large body of the people ; especially so was Figg's " Boarded House" situated in what were then called Marylehone Fields, near Oxford Road (now Oxford Street). Here Fii"''*"^ frequei'itly exhibited his own skill. and at other times made matches between the mo^t celebrated masters and mistresses of the art, for in those days the " noble art of self-defence" was not confined to the male sex, for we learn that Mrs. Stok'^s, the fa- mous City championess, challenged the Hi- bernian heroines to meet her at Figg's, in i\Iarylebone Fields. In Mist's Journal of November 20, 1725, there is the following paragraph respecting the above noted lady :— " We hear that the gentlemen of Ireland have been long picking out an Hibernian heroine to match Mrs. Stokes, the bold and famous City championess; there is now one arrived in London, who by her make and stature seems likely enough to cat her up. However, Mrs. Stokes being true English blood (and remembering some of the late reflections that were cast upon her husband by some of the country folk), is resolved to see her out " vi at armisy This being likely to prove a notable and diverting entertain- ment, it is not at all doubted but that there will be abundance of gentlemen crowd to Mr. Figg's amphitheatre to see this imcom- mon performance." Sometimes bear-hfliting, tiger-baiting, &g., were exhibited at Figg's amphitheatre. A bull-fight was once advertised to be per- formed by a "grimace" Spaniard, who had for some time amused and delighted the peo- ple of St. Bancras and Marylehone by making iigl}' faces and a great company was drawn together by the novelty of the proposed entertainment. A portrait of Figg is introduced by Ho- garth in his second plate of the " Rake's Progress." After Figg's death, which took place De- cember 11, 1734, the celebrated Broughton occufjied an a m^alii theatre near the same spot, and was for many years the hero of bruisers as Figg had been of prize-fighters In one of the advertisements issued byBroughton, an- nouncing a trial of skill between two prize- fighters, it was promised, as a kind of " tempt- ing-bait" to the people, "that the beauty of the sword should be rigorously displayed, and that there should be no bandage nor wound No, 34: THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. TANCRAS. dressed till the battle was over," for it must be remembered that it was legal iu those days to fight with swords as well as fists. Rowland Best, who frequently fought at Broughton's generally made it his boast when- ever he issuetl a challenge, " that the ever- memorable Timothy Buck fell by his unfor- tunate hand." Broughton was at last beaten on his own stage by Slack, the butcher. The fight which took place on this occasion wa£ looked forward to as of great national interest, and the following advertisement in the Daily Advertiser of November 17, 1749, announces in glowing language the coming contest : — "Tl)e battle between Mr. John Broughton and Mr. John Slack will be decided at the amphitheatre in the Oxford Road, to-morrow, the 11th inst., exactly at II o'clock. Note — By desire of several noblemen and gentlemen tickets for the matted galleries will be de- livered out at ]\Ir. Broughton's house in the Haymarket. "As Mr. Broughton some time since took leave of the stage, it nia}^ not be improper to acquaint the public that nothing but an insult, which, to pass unresented, would highly im- peach his manhood, would ever have provoked him again to enter into the lists ; but he flatters himself it will only furnish him with an opportunity to add one more wreath to that trophy which, during the space of twenty- four years, lie has been raising by an un- interrupted course of victories; and he hence- fortli hopes he will meet with the indulgence of the old Roman Champion, and be at liberty with him to say, IIlc victor Cxstus artem que repono.''' The battle came off, Broughton lost, and Slack the butcher, won £600 by the event. The sums lost and won by the bystanders, were, to a great amount, the place being crowded with amateiirs, some of whom were of ver}^ high rank. The two following advertisements, from the Dully Advertiser of November, 1745, will give our readers an idea of the challenges and answers o^ the professional boxers, which, from 1730 to 1750, teemed in the public newspapers. They are couched in the true authenticated sporting style: — Daily Advertiser, Nov. G, 1745.—" At Broughton's new amphitheatre, Oxford Road, the back of the late Mr. FIgg's, on "Wednes- day next, the 13th inst., will be exhibited an experimental lecture on manhood, by Tlawk- esh^y and Benjamin Bonwell, professors of athletics. "My behaviour In a late combat with I\Ir. Smallwood, notwithstanding my inexperience at the time in the art of boxing, having given a favourable opinion of my prowess, and being ambitious to give a further demonstra- tion of it, do now invite the celebrated Mr. Bonwell to a trial of his abilities, and doubt not. in spite of bis jaw-breaking talents, to give him so manly a reception, as to convince the spectators that I do not despair of one day arriving at a Broughtonian excellence in this science ; na}', perhaps of obliging that ali- conqnering hero himself to submit his laurels and resign the boasted IIlc victor in his motto, to " IIawkesley." [Reply.] Ixdli/ Advertiser, Noi}. 7, 17i5. — " I sliall do my endeavour to convince my antagonist i tliat tliougli ambition may excite liini to tlie attempt, yet great abilities are necessary to ensure him success in his arduous undertak- ing, and I believe I shall stop the progress of this aspiring upstart in his imaginary race of glory, and totally expel all thoughts of laurels, mottoes, etc., out of his head, by the strength of the arm of, gentlemen, your old combatant, "Ben. Bonwell." The following is a curious advertisement of the same character, announcing a combat between James and Smallwood, the admis- sion to witness which T\'as 5s ; — ■ Daihj Advertiser, Dec. 7, 1745. — " Aut Cessar, aut nulius. " At Broughton's amphitheatre, this day, the 7th inst., there will be a tremendous de- cision of manhood between the celebrated champions James and Smallwood. The various proofs these heroes have given of their superior skill in manual combat, having justly made ih^rathQ deJicix pugnacis generis, and being too ambitious to admit ofriv.al- ship in the lists of fame, are determined by death or victory, to decide their pretensions to the palm. As not only their whole for- tunes, but wdiat is far, far mcn-e dear to their hearts, their whole ghnj is at stake, it is not doubted that the utmost efforts of art and nature will be exhibited in this encounter, and thereby the dignity of this heroic science be vindicated from the scandal it hae suflered from some late unequal contests, occasioned by the vmmanly attempts of vain pretenders who are totally unqualified for such arduous undertakings. " N B. — As this contest is likely to be rendered horrible with blood and braises, all Frenchmen are desired to come fortified with THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. a proper supply of smelling-salts, and it is to bo lioped that' the ladies of Hockley-in-tlie- Ilole who should happen to be pregnant, will absent themselves on this occasion, lest the terror of the spectacle should unhappily oc- casion the loss of some young champion to postci-it)'. Noblemen and gentlemen are de- sired to send for tickets to Mr. Brongbton's, the Haymarkct, which will admit to the lower part of the house set apart for their better accommodation." Shortly after the above, the legal exhibi- tion of prize-fighting was put a stop to by Act of Parliament, and the houses in Marylebone Fields, together witli the places of a like resort in Tottenham Court Road, were pulled down, and shops erected on their sites. 'M>\\^ Sottdoii ^liiiti4ipiti>. THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON is situated in the southern district of St. Pancras, and the building and grounds occupies an area of seven acres. It was founded in the year 1827 for tlie purpose of aftording to the youth of tlie metro- poHs and to such as might ohject to tlie religious confoi-niity required at the Univer- sities of Oxford and Candoridge, a liberal course of instruction calculated to qualify them for professional pui"saits. The institu- tion is governed by a council of twenty-four, who appoint a warden and several profe.^sors in the various departments of literature, to whom a regular salary is paid. According to the statutes the funds of the institution are not to be less than £150,000 or more than £300,000 advanced on shares of £100 each, every proprietor receiving a dividend of four percent. andhaving tlieprivilege of appointing one pupil. The course of studies compre- hend the ancient, modern, and oriental lan- guages and literature, mathematics, natural, moral and experimental philo^^ophy, me- chanics, astronomy, ancient and modern his- tory, logic, political economy, botany, che- mistry, medicine and surgery. The building has in the centre a lofty por- tico of ten Corinthian pillars, supporting a cornice and triangular pediment, surmounted by a handsome elliptical dome, and on each side a noble facade of tlie Doric order. It contains lecture-rooms, libraries, a museum, with some beautiful sculpture by Flaxman, besides the different theatres, laboratories, offices, &c. The foundation-stone of the University was laid on Monday, the 20th of April, 18^7, by the Duke of Sussex. The following is an account of the proceedings which took place upon the occasion as re- ported in the T/'mes of that date : — The New University. — The spot selected for the erection of the London Uni- versity is situated at the north end of Gower Street, and occupies an extensive piece of ground. The adjacent streets were crowded with passengers and carriages moving to- wards the place. The day was one of the finest of this fine season. The visitors who wore admitted by cards, were conducted to an elevated platform so that every spectator could see the ceremony. Immediately in the rear of this platform was another, upon which the foundation-stone was placed. The persons admitted to view the ceremony were upwards of two thousand, the greater pro- portion of whom were well-dressed ladies. Every house in the neighbourhood which afforded the smallest opportunity of witness- ing the ceremony was crowded from the windows to the roof, and even the windows of the houses in Gower Street from which no view of the scene could in any way be ob- tained, ware filled with company. At a quarter past three the Duke of Sussex arrived upon the ground, and was greeted by the acclamations of the people both inside and outside the paling. When he descended from his carriage, the band of the third regi- ment of Foot Guards which had been in the ground some time playing popular airs, struck up " God save the King !" The royal duke, attended by the committee and the stewards, went in procession to the platform, upon which the foundation stone was depo- sited. The stone had been exactly cut in two, and in the lower half was a rectangular iioUow, to receive the medals and coins, and the following Latin inscription, engraved upon a copper-plate : — Deo opt. Max. Sempiterno orbis architecto favente quod felix faustura que sit THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. I'ANCP.AS. Octavum regni annum ineunte Georgio quarto Brittaniaruai Rege Celissinius princcps Augustus Fredericus Sussexiic Dux Omuiuiu Bouarum Artium patronus Antiquissimi ordlnis architcctoiiici Praescs apud Anglos summus Primum Londiaensis Acaderaia^ lapidem inter civium et fratrum clrcumstantium plausus manu sua locavit Pi-id. Kal. Maii. opus Diu multum que desideratum Urbi patriae commodissimum Tandem aliquando inchoatum est Anno salutis humante MDCCCXXVII. Nomina clarissiraoriun vivonim qui sunt e concillo Henricus dux Xorfolcia^ Henricus marcliio de Lansdowu Dominus Joannes Russell Joannes viceeombes Dudley et Ward Gcorgius Baro de Auckland Honorabilis iac. Abercrombie Jacobus Macintosh Eques Alex Baring Georgius Birkbeck Hen Brougham Thomas Campbell I. L. Goldsmid Olinthins Gregory Georgius Grote Joseplius Hume Zac. Macaulay Jacobus Mill Benjaminus Shaw Johannes Smith Gulielraus Tooke Hen. AVarburton Hen. Waymonth Joannes Wishaw Thomas Wilson Guhelmus Wilkins, Architectus. After the above inscription had been read, the upper part of the stone was raised by the pullies, and his Royal Highness having re- ceived the coins, medals, and inscription, de- posited them in the hollow formed for their reception. A bed of mortar was next laid upon the ground by the workmen, and his Royal Highness added more, which he took from a silver plate, and afterwards smoothed the whole with a golden trowel, upon which were inscribed the following words : — " With till? trowel was laid the first stone of the London University by his Royal High- ness Augustus, Duke of Sussex, on the 3Uth of April, 181^7, AViliiam Wilkins, architect; ilcssrs. Lee and Co., builders." The stone was then gradua'ly lowered amid the cheers of the assembly, the band playing, " God save the King." His High- ness, after having proved the s-tone with a perpendicular, struck it three times with a mallett at the same time saying, "^Liy God bless this undertaking which we have so happily commenced, and make it pr-tsperfor the honour, happiness, and glory, not only of the metropolis, but of the whole country." An oration was then delivered by the Rev. Dr. .Maltby, in which a prayer was offered up on behalf of the University. After which Dr. Lusliington, in a speech of considerable length, stated that he had been chosen by the committee to be the organ of their opinion on that occasion, and expatiated upon the advantages which were likely to arise from the establishment of a London University, and especially upon its admission of Dissen- ters, wiio were excluded from the two great Universities. He concluded by paying an eloquent compliment to the Duke of Sussex, who, attached to no p;irty, was a friend to all, and who by his liberality promoted and encouraged any efforts of the subjects of this realm, whatever their political opinions, if their motives were proper and praiseworthy. The Duke of Sussex acknowledged the compliment paid liim, and said that the proudest day of his life was that on which he laid the foundation stone of the London University, surrounded as he was by gentle- men of high rank, fortune, and character as any in the kingdom. He was quite con- vinced the undertaking would be productive of great good ; it would excite the old uni- versities to fresh exertions, and force them to reform abuses. On the evening of the same day on which the foundation stone was laid, a grand dinner was held at the Freemason's Tavern in com- memoration of the event, to which upwards of 420 sat down. The Duke of Sussex was in the chair, and the Duke of Norfolk, the Marquis of Lansdowne, Llenry Brougham, Esq., and a great number of notabihties were present. After the usual toasts had been drunk, the chairman proposed '^ Prosperity to the University of London," which was re- sponded to by Lord Brougham (then Mr. Brougham). Mr. Henry Brougham in responding to the toast, said, two years had not elapsed since he had the happiness of attending a meeting, at which most probably a great proportion of those he saw before him, were present, for the purpose of founding the new University of London, in the heart of the metropolis of the empire, the cradle of all our great estab- lishments, and of the civil and religious liber- j ties of the land. On the day which he re- ferred to, the circumstances under which he THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. 37 spoke were very different from those which now surrounded liini. The advocates of the Univer&Ity had then to endure the sneers of some, the more open jibes and taunts of others, accompanied by the timidl}^ expressed liopcs of maii}^ friends, and the ardent good "wishes of a hu'ge body of enhghtened men, bahmced, however, by the loudly expressed and deep execrations of the enemies of human improvement, light, and hberty throughout the world. Now, however, the heavy clouds which had hung over the undertaking, had disappeared arid they hud succeeded that morning in laying the foundation of the Uiii- sity auiid.-it the plaudits of surrounding thou- sands, accompanied by the good wishes of mankind from every quarter of the globe. (Cheers.) As regarded the management of the institution, the council had come to a fixed resolution, that in the selection of teachers for tlie University no such phrase as " candidate for votes ^' should be used in tlieir presence. Tlie appointments would be given to those who were found most worthy of it; and if their merits, however little known, should be found to surpass others the most celebrated, only in the same proportion as the dust is found to turn the balance, the former would certainly be preferred. Instead of teaching for only five or ^ix months in the year, it was intended that the lectures at the University should continue nine months. After eacli lecture the lecturer would devote an hour or two to examine each of the pupils to ascertain whether they had understood the subject of tlie discourse. The lecturer would then apply another hour, three times a week, to the further instruction of such of his pupils as displayed particular zeal in the pursuit of knowledge. By such means it was hoped that the pupils might not only be encouraged to learn what was already known but to dash into untried paths and become discoverers themselves. (Cheers.) He (Mr. Brougham) in a strain of eloquence, then pro- ceeded to defend the charge which had been made against him of being Inimical to the two great English Universities, which he de- signated the two lights and glories of litera- ture and science. Was it to be supposed that because he had the misfortune not to be educated in the sacred haunts of the muses on the Cam or the Isis, that he should, like the fox in the fable, declare the fruit which was beyond his reach, to be sour. He hoped that those two celebrated seats of learning would continue to flourish as heretofore, and he would be the last person in the world to do anything which would tend to impair their glor3^ He would conclude by repeating some lines written by one of the sweetest minstrels, and which he had before quoted in reference to the undertaking which they were then assembled to support. He bad qnot-'d them prophetically ; now it was apphcable as a description of past events : — " As some tall cliff that lifts Its awful form, Swells from the vale, and midway leaves the storm ; Though round its breast the rolling clouds are spread. Eternal sunshine settles on its head." Various other toasts were drank, amongst which was that of the Marquis ofLansdowne, coupled with the Cambridge University, and who in reply, stated " that he felt the greatest veneration for the institution in which he had been educated. He considered it by no means inconsistent with that feeling to ex- press the most ardent wishes for the pros- perity of the New University. He was per- suaded that the extension of science in one quarter could not be prejudicial to its culti- vation hi another." mi\4M djluipel THE foundation-stone of the above chapel was laid on the lOtli of May, 175G, and opened on the 7th November, of the same year. It was built by subscription raised under the auspices of George Whitfield, who at that period, together wdth AV'.sley, was awakening the land by his eloqueuce and his indefatigable energy. On the occasion of its opening, Whitfield preached a most impressive sermon to a crowded auditoiy, and during his life it continued to be one of the most popular places of worship in the metropolis. It is octagonal in shape, and built so as to accom- modate a large number of people. Over the THE IIISTOrvY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PAXCRAS. door are the arms of Whitfield. Inside tliere is a monument erected to bis and that of his wife's memoi-y, thelatter of whom lies buried in the vaults of tlie chapel, and on ■\vbich is the following inscription : — In Memory of Mrs. Elizabktii Whitfield, Aged G2, Who after upwards of tbirt}'' years' stroni^ and frequent manifestations of a Saviour's love, and as strong and frequent stragglings with the buffetings of Satan, bodily sickness, andtbein-dwellingsof sin, finished bcr cour.-:;e with joy, August i), anno domine I7t. §artholonu;i»'!i <)|!imtlt. ^ THE ?il)0vc chnrcli, formerly known as the Episcopal Chapel, Gray's Inn Road, is a I plain, square, brick-built structure, with j stone facings, standing in the centre of a plot I of gi'oundon the east side of the road, a little \ below Calthorpe Street. Its interior is also I plain, but commodious, and affords accommo- I dation for 1,500 people. It was originally erected for the well-known'Wihiam Hunting- ton, a popular disseiiting preacher at the be- ginning of the present century, and whose history is a most remarkable one. After his death it was purchased by a Mr. Davenport, who sub-leased it to the Rev. T. Mortimer at a rental of £320 per annum, and who re- opened it for public worship as an Episcopal THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANGEAS. 43 Cbapel. Upon the retirement of Mr. Mor- timer in 1840, the present incumbent, the Rev. E. Gurbett, consented to become bis SLiccessoi-, and has laboured for ten years to get rid of tlie debt by which the chapel was encumbered and to have It consecrated as a district chm'ch. A succession of almost in- surmountable legal difficulties arose before this object could be effected, in oncinstunce an Act of Parliament having to be specially passed to make the title of the land, which ■was generously presented by Lord Calthorpe, perfectly valid. The original leaseholder, Mr. Davenport, being a lunatic and a dissen- ter, it became necessary to P-pply for the authority of the Court of Ghancery before a sale could be completed. An order of the Court was, however, issued for the sale of the property for £3,000. A loan and a fancy sale were resorted to to pay this sura, its lii[ui- dation being demanded within a month from the date of the order. A difficulty then arose in the tran>fer of the ground, the ori- ginal lease to Mr. Davenport Including four houses, situated on either side of the chapel entrance, to which the ti-ustees could prefer no claim. No law existed which could en- able the ground landlord to divest himself of the freehold of the chapel without divesting liimself likewise of his right as landlord over the four houses. The holders of these lease- holds had to be induced to resign their leases and accept new leases. When these difficul- ties were removed, another impediment oc- curred in the death of one of the parties "whose signatures were necessary for the com- pletion of the leases. Tho successor to the property was a lunatic, and for a second time the affairs of the chapel were complicated b}'' a commission of lunacj'-, and another year was lost before it could be completed. At length, after ten ^^ears' constant effa-t, afford- ing an example of perseverance and triumph over difficulties on the part of the incumbent, all obstacles to its consecration were removed, and it was accordingly foi'mally consecrated by the Bishop of London, on Monday the 13th of February, ISGO. As has been already remarked, the church was originally built for William Huntington at an expense of nearly £10,000, and opened in May, 1811. He was severally a coal- heaver, a shoemaker, and a gardener, and before he took to the ministry, his career was an exceedingly strange and eventful one. His genius and force of character were un- doubted, but that the\^ were somewhat marred by the want of education, and other circum- stances, is equally evident. lie preached for a lon-^ time very successfuU}^ in "Providence Chapel," as it was then called, and was as popular a dissenting preacher as Spnrgeon is in our own day, though we would not caiTy the comparison further. The following is a short but interesting account of the iiistory of this remarkable man : — LIFE or WILLIAM HUNTINGTON. William Hctntington was born in the year 1744, in the piirish of Cranhrook, Kent, and, by bis own account, was an illegitimate child. His reputed father was a day labourer, but his real parent was a farmer in the vici- nity. He obtained admi:^sion into a free school at an early age, at wdnch he merely learnt to write a little and read the New Testament. His occupations, as he grew up, were extremely various; at first he was an errand-boy, then a day-labourer, and at otlier periods of his life a servant, a gardener, a cobbler, and a coalheaver. It was at Ewell, in Smrey, where he lived as a gen- tleman's gardener, that he received his first impression that his calling was for the minis- try ; he had then learnt to read with tolera- ble proficiency, and availed himself of this advantage by reading the Scriptures and prenching in his own little cottage or hovel situated at EwcU Marsh, near to his em- ployer's residence. " At this place," he says, " I continued preaching. My congregation increased until the little thatched house be- came full of hearers, and the Lord often visited us with precious gales from the ever- lasting hills, and made that little thatched house a Bethel to us ; yea, the house of God in reality and the very gate of heaven." In this little thatched hovel, he also tells us, " he lived with his wife and child in a ready- furni>^hed room, at a rental of 2s. per week, frequently having left, to supply all his other w^ants, only eighteen or twenty-pence, some- times two shillings, sometimes half-a-crowm, 3'et living through the week upon that only, without contracting any debt." Losing his situation at Ewell through a conscientious refusal to work in his master's garden on the Sunday, he removed to Thames Ditton, where he was employed, for fourteen months, as a coalheavf-r, at ten shillings per week. It was while engaged in this employment that ho put on his first parson's attire, being enabled to do so by a gentleman having given him an old black coat and waiscoat, and which happening to be very large, made a complete suit for him. Soon afterwards he i turned cobbler, but as he found it irapossi- ' 44: THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. ble to preacli five or six times a week and cany on business as well, he determined to give up tliat employment and continue to labour for God only, -whatever he might suf- fer. At this time he rented a little cottage at £o I85. per annum, and had about as much furniture in it as a porter could carry in one loud. His resolution was the means of exercising his faith to a great extent, but he persevered, and his fame spreading, he Vy^as at length Invited to preach in London, at Margaret Street Chapel "At this," he says, " he was sore afraid for various reasons; he had heard the place a!)Ounded with errors, and as he had no learning, nor knew nothing of Greek, Hebrew, or even English grammar, he fblt he would be ex- posed to the scourging tongue of ever}- critic." However, lie did preach in London, and shortly after his arrival, the numerous calls upon his ministerial labours made it neces- sary for him to hire a horse, that he might the more easily'" perform Ids journe^-s to and fro between Thames Ditton and the metro- polis. This led one of his London bearers to present him with one, and Huntington's reflections upon this gift were in bis cus- tomary tone : " I believe this horse," he says, " was the gift of God, because he tells me in his Word that all the beasts of the forest are his, and so are the cattle on a thousand hills. I have often thought that if my horse could speak he w'ouldhave more to say than Ba;d- ams' ass, as he might say, ' I am an answer to my master's prayers.' " Pi-^^yer was, in- deed, bis resource in all emergencies, whether important or not, and we cannot help ad- miring the simplicity of heart with which he received the commonest gifts as the answers to prayer. As an instance, he writes at ano- ther time, " When Providence had been ex- ercising m}^ faith and patience till the cup- board was empty, in answer to a simple prayer, be sent me one of the largest Jinms I ever saw. Indeed, I saw clearly I had nothing to do but to pray, to study, and to preach, for God took care of me and my family also." At length, in consequence of a dream, in wbieli he was commanded to " prophecy upon the tldck houffl/s,'^ he felt it suddenly impressed upon his mind to leave Thames Ditton and take a house in London. " On removing," he says, " my effects b;id so in- creased that I loaded two large carts with furniture, besides a pustchaise well filled with children and cats /" So strong was bis faith, that at a time when he was twenty pounds in debt for the necessaries of life be com- menced building a chapel in Ticbtield Street, andforwdtieh, wlien Kiiisbcd, he was in an'ears £1,000 more. His friends were not, how- ever, few, and the following account of the free-will offerings which the people brought, is characteristic of his usual style : — "The first," he says. " brought about eleven sove- reigns, and laid them on the foundation-stone when we commenced the building. A good gentleman, with whom I had but little ac- quaintance, and of whom I bought a load of timber, sent it in with a bill and receipt in full as a present to the Chapel of Providence. Another good man came, with tears in his eyes, and blessed me, and desired to paint my pulpit desk, &c., as a present to the chapel. Another friend gave me half-a-dozen chairs for the vestry, and a daugliter of mine in the faith gave me a looking-glass for my chapel study, and another gave me a book-case for the vestry ; and my good friend, Mr. E., seemed to level alibis displeasure at the Devil, for he was in hopes I should be enabled, through the gracious arm of our Lord, to cut Ruhab in pieces, therefore he furnished me with the Sword of the Spirit — a new Bible with silver clasps." In the end, however, he went on and so prospered that bis httle chapel became full, and he thought of building an addition to it on a piece of land adjoining, but was de- terred from executing this plan by the sum demanded for ground-rent — £100 per an- num. His reflections upon this event were characteristic : — " ' The heavens, even the heavens, are the Lords, but the earfh He bath given to the children of men I' So I found it, and they are determined to make the most of It." Lie soon, however, found a cure for this circum^^tance, "for," said he, " finding nothing could be done with the eartkJwkhrs I turned my eyes ano- ther way, and determined to build my stories in the heavens (Amos ix. G), where I should find more room and less rent .'" To this his friends agreed, and the chapel was raised one story higher, and the expense was chiefly paid out of the sale of his works, " The Book of Faith," "The Kingdom of Heaven taken by Prayer," &c. They sold enormously. They were full of quaint and original remarks, as the following extracts will show : — Plis original name was Hunt, and the rea- son which led him to change it to Hunting- ton was peculiar. Being obliged to flv from the parish in which he resided by the de- mand made upon him for the support of an illegitimate child (which took place before bis conversion), he had recourse, among THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. 45 other expedients for the concealment of this stigma, upon his entrance into a new life to change his patronymick. The grounds ivhiL'h he gives arc in his own woi'ds : " If I change m}-- name, the law may follow me lor that ; if I let the present name stand I may by that be traced by the newspapers. There is bnt one way to escape, and that is by addition. Addition is no change, no rob- bery. \Vell thonght on, said I, it is — i, n, g, t, n, n, which is to be joined to II, n, n, t, vviiicb, pnt together, make Thintlngfon. And thus matters were settled without being gnilty of an exchange or committing a rob- bery. With this name I was horn again ; with this name I was baptised with the Holy Ghost, and I will appeal to any man of sense, if a p-.-rson has not a just right to go by the name that he was horn and baptised with." When he wrote a w^ork he always put the initials S. S. at the end of it, and his reason for so doing he gave as follows : — " Some have been inquiring what I mean by S. S. at the end of my name, and various constructions have been put upon it. You know loe clergy are very fond of titles of honour ; some are called Lords Spiritual, though we have no lords but in the person of the ever blessed Trinity; others are named Doctors of Divinity and Prebends, though God gives no such titles ; therefore I cannot conscientiously add D.D. to my functions, though some hundreds have been spiritnally healed under my ministry; nor have I four- teen pounds to spare to buy the dissenting title of D.D. Being thus circumstanced I cannot call myself a Lord Spiritual, because Peter, the Pope's enemy, condemns it, nor can I call myself Lord High Primate, because supremacy in the Scriptures is applied only to kings, and never to ministers of the Gos- pel. As I cannot get at D.D. for the want of cash, neither can I get at M.A. for the want of learning, therefore I am compelled to fly for refuge to S.S., by which I me;in Sinner Saved, or, that I am ' made wise unto salvation.'" Eventually the little chapel in Tichfield Street, belonging to this singular man, was burnt down, but such was the influence he possessed amongst his congregation, that they determined to build him another. After some time they found a suitable piece of ground on the cast side of Gray's Inn Road, which they took on lease from Lord Cal- thorpe, and built the structure, now called St. Bartholoni*jw'3 Church, at a cost of about £10,000. A day was fixed upon for open- ing it, but he refused to officiate unless they made it his own personal freehold, and so great was the devotion of all concerned in the building, that the trustees unanimously re- signed their shares in liis favour. On the front of the chapel was the following inscrip- tion : " Providence Chapel. Erected by William Huntington, A.D 1811." Here he preached for some time very suc- cessfully to crowded congregations. Some few years before his death his first wife died, and he afterwards married the wealthy widow of the late Sir James Grandison, Bart, daughter of Alderman Skinner, who, it is stated, first repaired to "Providence Chapel " with the view of finding a subject of ridicule in the preacher " who afterwards became his wife." He died July 1, 1813, atTunbridge Wells, whether he went for the sake of Ijis health and was removed to Lewes for interment. Tile stone at the head of his grave exhibits the following epitaph, dictated by himself a few days before his death : — Here lies The Coaliieayer AVho departed this life July 1, 1813, In the 60th year of liis age, Beloved of his God But abhorred of men. The Omniscient Judge at the Grand Assize shall ratify and confirm this to the confusion of many thousands, for England and its me- tropolis shall know that there has been a pro- phet among them. Soon after his death his furniture and effects belonging to the house in which he lived at Hermes Hill (near White Conduit House, Islington) were sold by public auc - tion. The sale lasted four days, and such was the anxiety of many of the members of his congregation to obtain some relic of tl)eir admired preacher, that enormous prices were i-calized. An old elbow chair, in which he was accustomed to sit, sold for sixty guineas ; a pair of spectacles, seven guineas; a silver snuff-box, £5 OS ; and all articles of plate 26s. per ounce. The whole produced £1,800. A member of his congregation, who was in possession of what he considered a precious relic belonging to Mr. Hantington (the corer of bis Bible) wrote the following lines, after coming into possession of the Bible itself: — The Sous of Science and of Fame With God are not preferred. He gives to some oflistle name The treasure of liis word. 47 THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. Aaros was called from servile clans To preach to dying souls, BuNYAN from brazen leaky pans, And Hunt from heaving coals. Inscribed with notes on doctrines high. To one his Bible fell \VliO took the kernel out, and I Inglorious got the shell ; Here I replace the sacred tome, From human comment frae, Untouched by Huntingtonian thumb, Yet not denied to me. This rustic scanned the tnitli with care, And by the Spirit's aid Made wiser than hi* teacliers were, Resigned his sable trade. He took the Gospel trnmp in liaml, Now, like the ram's liorn found, And then, his pliant lips command In tones of silvery souud. S^It([ '^®lj}|Innit and 0\i\^i\{," CAMDEN TOWN". THE above house of entertainment is one of the oldest in St. Pancras, and is said to have derived its name from a peculiar discovery which was made in its vicinity more than a century ago. About the year 1714, Jlr. John Conyers, an apothecary in Fleet Street, who was an enthusiastic local antiquarian, and who made it his chief business to collect local antiqui- ties, which at that time were often being discovered in and about London consequent on the extensive building operations then going on, was one day digging in a field near to the Fleet Brook and Battle Bridge, and not far from St. Pancras Workhouse, when he discovered the remains of an ele- phant, conjectured to have been killed there by the Britons when battling with their Roman conquerors. Near the same spot was also found an ancient Briti.sh spe.ar, consisting of the head of a flint fastened into a shaft of considerable length. It is from this curious fact that the pubhc-house, called " the Ele- phant and Castle" derives its name. At th.at time the ancient Fleet Brook ran past tbe west side of the road of the Workliouse, where its width increased very much. The elephant mentioned was probably brouglit over by the Romans, thinking, no doubt, such huge monsters would frighten the barbarians and so aid them in obtaining victories, as they had done before with many other un- civilized hordes who had never seen such animals. THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. 46 ®Ite garnet af §iultpti{. THE hamlet of Highgate is situated in three different parishes — St. Pancras, Hornsey, and Islington. Its southern end is snhject to the jurisdiction of the local government of St. Pancaas, and includes part of the " Gate-House" Inn, the Ceme- tery, St. IMichaers Church, Sir Roger Chom- ley's School, and other objects of interest. At a very early period the greater portion of what is now known as the hamlet of High- frate was covered by the great forest of Middlesex, and continued to be principally covered with wood for some considerable time, for it appears that Henry YIII. used to in- dulge in hunting in this neighbom'hood. In the middle of his reign, fearful of losing his sport in this direction, that monarch issued the following proclamation : — "A PROCLAMATION yt HOC pcrson interi*upt the King's game of partridge or pheasant. *' Rex majori et vicccomitlbus London. Vo- bis mandamus, &c. "Forasmuch as the King's most Royale M;ijestie is much desirous of having the game of hare, partridge, pheasant and heron, pre- served in and about his honour at Westmin- ster for his disport and pastime ; that is toe saye, from his said palace, toe our Ladye of the Oke, toe Highgate and Hamsted Heath, toe be preserved for his own pleasure and recreation ; his Royale Highnesse doth straightwaye charge and commandeth all and singular of his subjects, of what estate and condition soev' they be, not toe attempt toe hunt or hawke or kill any of the said games within the precincts of Hamsted, as they tender his favour, and would eschewe the imprisonment of theJr bodies and further punishment at his M;ijestie's will and plea- sure." " Teste raeipso apnd Westm. vij die Julij anno trecisimo scptinio Henrici Octavi, 1546. was derived from the " High Gate " or " Gate on the Hill," there having been from time immemorial the toll-gate belonging to the Bishop of Loudon on the summit of the hill. The origin of the gate was as follows : There was not, until the fourteenth century, any public road over the hill into the northern counties ; the main way from the metropolis into the northern districts being from Clerk- enwell and Gray's Inn Lane, up Maiden Lane, across the road over the archway, and thence by Crouch End, Muswell Hill, Colney Hatch, Whetstone, and High Barnet. The circuitous route of this road, however, and its bad state in winter, gave rise to great complaints on the part of packmen and carriers, and at length the Bishop of London, agreed to form a new road right across tlie hill to Whetstone. The agreement is recorded in an old do- cument. In referring to the old route it says: — " The ancient highway was refused by wayfaring men and travellers by reason of the deepness and dirtie pas-age in the winter season. In regard whereof it was agreed between the Bishop of London and the coun- trie tliat a new waie should be laid through the said Bishop's Park, beginning at High- gate run to lead directly to Whetstone, for which new waie all cartes, carriers, and pack- men, yeeld a certain tole unto the Bishop, which tole is farmed at £40 per annum, and for which purpose a gate was erected." Norden, from whose invaluable work upon Middlesex, we have so often quoted, and whose authority may safely be trusted, in writing upon Highgate, says :- - " It is a hill over which is a passage, and at the top of the said hill is a gate through which all manner of passengers have their waie. The place taketh the name of the High Gate on the Hill, which gate was erected at the alteration of the waie, which is on the east of Highgate. When the waie was turned over the said hill, to lead through the park of the Bishop of London, as now it doth, there was in regard thereof, a tole raised upon such as passed that Avaie, and for that no passenger should escape without paying tole by reason of the wideness of the waie, tills gate was raised, through which all tra- vellers must passe and be more aptely staide." 43 THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCJtAS. ©^ §([i[m}tnr|i> & (Hkpijl at litjhjatij. THERE Wiis fomierly a lienult;i;;\: or chapel on tlie snmniit of Iligbgate Hill, which Norden supposes stood on the site now occupied by Sir Richard Clioniley's school. The hermitage was in the gift of the Bishop of London. In 1386 " Bishop Braybrooke of London, gave to "William Lichfield, a poor hermit, the office of keep- ing our chapel at Highgate, and the house annexed to the said chapel, hitherto accus- tomed to be kept by other poor hemiits." In 1531 William Forte was hermit. This Wilham Forte was probably the last hermit, as in the year 1565 Queen Elizabeth granted the chapel, or hermitage, to Sir Richard Chomley, and in 1578 an entirely new chapel was built contiguous to the school which that knight had founded. It was erected as a chapel of ease for the inlia- bitanls of Highgate. In the registry of the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's is a conveyance of this chapel to Sir Roger Chomley by Edmund Griiidall, Bishop of London, in 1565. It was a briclv building, of humble architectural character, with a small scpiare tower at its western end. According to an inscription which was placed under the tower, the structure appears to have been enlarged since its first erection by " the pietie and bountie of divers honourable and worthie personages," and it was hkewise repaired at considerable cost in the year 1772. The inter;, jr coiT-i'itcd of a chancel, nave, and south aisle. On the south wall was the raoniniipnt of William I'latt, Esq. (the founder of " Piatt's Gift" to the poor), who died in 1637. At ?i short distance from this was a monument to the memory of Dr. Lewis Atterbnry, LL.D., who was preacher at Highgate Chapel. On the chapel being pulled down, this monument was removed to Hornsey Church, of which Dr. Atterbury had been Vicar. Old Highgate Chapel stood till 1832, when it was pulled down and the present church erected. IIlOIIIjATK I'OSL>. The present pond, near the Gate-house, was formed and excavated by the hermits of the old chapel, and the gravel they dug out was used by them for forming the roadway leading down the hill into Hollowaj'. Fuller, in his "Worthies of England," says, '■ that the old Highgate hermits, by thus making this pond, did a two-handed charity. By digging out a hollow on the top of the hill a place was made to catch water where it was w-anted, and plenty of material was had to make the valley clean and passable in winter." THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. 4rget to mind tJait.''^ UK ancient cu;toni of swearing on the horns is almost extinct, but a i'liw 3-ears ncco tlie question, " Have 3'ou been sworn j at I-IighgiUe?" was frequently asked by per- I sons in aU part.^ of the kingdom. An old in- habitant of Highgate snys, " That in the coaching times, more than sixty years ao-o, upwards of eighty stage coaches would s'-op every day at the Red Lion Inn, and nnt n'. every five passengers three were sworn." On the drawiog-up of the coaches at the inn doors, most pressing iuvitatlone; wnnld h'' given to the company to nli ^'liN rnd :\i\cr o.< many as possible could he onl'e'-t-'d in the parlour, the landlord, or somebody interested, wnnld introduce the subject of being sworn at Highgate. A little artifice easily led to the detection of tliose who had not taken the nnth, and as soon as the fact was ascertained, the hnrns were usually l)rougltt in l\y the landlord, there being generally assembled a sufficient number of persons interested to enforce com- pliance- The horns, fixed on a pole five feet in length, were then placed upright upon the ground before the person to be sworn, who was required to take off his hat, and all present having done the same, the landlord, in a loud voice swore in the party proposed. The substance of the oath commenced by the landlord exclaiming; Upstanding and un- covered — silence! Take notice what I now say to you, for that is the first word of the oath — mind fJmt ! You must acknowledge me to be your adopted father, I must acknow- ledge you to be my adopted son. If you do nnt call me father, you forfeit a bottle of wine; if I do not call you son, I forfeit the same. ! And now, my good son, if you are travelling ihr ugh this vilhige of FLigligate, and you h ive no money in your pocket, go call for a h it tic of wine at any house you ni'iy think proper to enter, and book it to yc>\\y f tther's score. If yon have any friends with you, you may treat them as well; but if 3'ou have money of yourown, you must pa}' for It your- [ self; for you must not say you have no money THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. 53 "when yon liave; neltlier must you convey your money out of your own pocket into that of your friends' pockets, for I sliuU search yon as well as them, and if I find that you or they have any money, you forfeit a bottle of wine for tryin<^ to cheat and cozen your old father. You must not cat brown bread while you can get white, unless you like brown the best; nor must you drink small beer when YOU can get strong, unless you like small the best; you must not kiss the maid, while you can kiss the mistress, unless you like the maid the best, but sooner than loose a good chance, you may kiss them both. And now, my good son, I wish you a safe journey through Ilighgate and this life. I charge you, my good son, that if you know any in this company who have not taken this oath, you must cause them to take it, or make each of them forfeit a bottle of wine ; for if you fail to do so, you will forfeit one yourself. So now, ray son, God bless you; kiss the horns or a pretty girl, if you see one here, wliicli you like the best, and so te free of Highgate!" If a female was in the room she wns gene- rally saluted, if not the horns must be kissed, but the option wns not allowed formerly. There was a peculiarity in the oath in con- nection with the pronoun that which generally resulted in the victimising of the strangers of some bottles of wine. As soon :is the saluta- tion was over and the wine drank, the land- lord, addressing himself to his newly-made son said, " I have now to acquaint you with your privileges as a freeman of Highgate. If at any time you are going through Highgate and want to rest yourself, and you see a pig lying in the ditch you are quite at liberty to kick her out and take her place ; but if you see three lying together, you must only kick out the middle one and lie between the two. God save the King !" There was o;ie circumstance essential for a freeman of Highgate to remember, that was, the first words of the oath — ^^ Mind that P' If a person failed to remember the pronoun *'that," he was subject to be resworn from time to time, and so often until he remem- bered to ejaculate " ' that' is the first word of your oath — mii)d that P' We believe the old crier of Highgate, Mr. Bell, still keeps a gown and wig to swear art3-'body in who wishes to perpetuate this curious custom, and some even now are made free of Highgate. The swearer in, wdioever he may be, generally performs the ceremony in a black gown, mnsk, and wig, and is ac- companied by a person v/Iio acts as clerk and carries the horns. The custom was first practised at the Gate- House Inn, near the turnpike. As to its origin there are various accounts. One is, that it was devised by a landlord who had lost his license as a means of covering the sale of his liquors. Another, and a more probable account is, that Highgate, in days ofj'ore, being the place nearest to London where cattle rested on their way from the north for sale in Smithfield, a large number of graziers were accustomed to put up at the Gate-House Iim for the riight. These graziers formed a Ic'nd of fraternity, and generally endeavoured to secure the inn for their own accommodation on certain days. Finding it impossible, however, to exclude strangers who, like themselves, were travel- ling on business, from tlieir society, they fomied a kind of club, and made it impera- tive that those who wished to join them should, after taking an oath, bring an ox to the door, and those who did not kiss its horns they would exclude from their society. The custom has been noticed by Lord Byron, in his " Childe Harold," and in a note attached to that work, he particular!}'- alludes to the saving clause "unless you like it best." The following are his words in the hrst Canto : — " Some o'er the Thamis row th Others along the safer tur Some Richmond Hill ascend AVare, And many to the steeps of Highgate hie ; Ask ye, Bcetlan shades, the 'Tis to the worship of the Grasp'd in the holy hand of In whose dread name both he ribbon'dfair, rnpike fly : d, some scud to ; reason why ? i solemn horn, mystery, man and maid are sworn. And consecrate the oath and dance till morn." with draught In 182G there were 19 licensed public- houses in Highgate, and Mr. Hone, in his " Every-day Book," states the names of the inns, and the kind of horns they used, as fol- lows: — 1. The Gate-House Inn, staggs' horns; 2, the Mitre, staggs' horns; 3, the Green Dragon, staggs' horns ; 4, the Red i^ion and Sun, bullocks' horns .; 5, the Bell, staggs' horns ; G, the Coach and Horses, rams' horns ; 7, the Castle, ranis' horns; 8, the Red Lion, rams' horns ; 'J, the M'restler, staggs' horns ; 10, the Bull, staggs' horns; 11, the Lord Nelson, staggs' horns ; 12, the Duke of Wellington, staggs' horns; 13, the Crown, staggs' horns ; 1-1, the Duke's Head, staggs' horns ; 15, the Coopers' Arms, rams' 54 THE HISTORY AND TRADmONS OF ST. PANCRAS. horns ; IG, the Rose and Crown, stiig^c^s' horns ; 17, tlie Angel, stag-gs' horns ; 18, the Fhisk, rams' horns ; ID, the Fox and Crown, rams' horns. The above custom was especially encoiir- aged by the villagers to the advantage of the landlord, and at the present time in nearly every one of the nineteen inns in Idighgate, there are a pair of horns in the coffee-room or parlour attached to such. This large number of public houses for so small a village is accounted for by its liavmg been the halt- ing place of both the military and the stage- coach traveller, either before entering or quit- ting the metropolis for the north. During the great war with France, when large bodies of military passed through the metropolis for abroad, an immense business was carried on, hut now there is scarcely any trade attached to them. There is no spot in England, per- haps, where so many inns can be seen at one glance as at Highgate. On taking a stand at the Gate-House Inn the number of sign- posts and public-houses to be seen at a single view comprises nearly the whole of the above list. t. Mi.dn!d'r) (Mnntrli. )UEVIOUS to the old chapel being pulled down the present church was erected on the site of the old mansion- house,* built by Sir William Asbhm-st, Lord Mayor of London, in IGO-L It is dedicated to St. Michiiel, and was consecrated by the Bishop of London upon the 8th of No- vember, 1832. Mr. Lewis VuUiamy "'as the architect, and Messrs. Cubitt, the builders. Its whole cost was £10,000, £5,000 of which was given by the Ecclesiastical Commis- sioners and the remainder raised by subscrip- tion amongst the inhaVdtants. Some delay took place in its consecration in consequence of Highgate being in the three different parishes of St. Pancras, Ilornsey, and Isling- ton, and though surrounded by the diocese of London, not included in it. Claims to jurisdiction over the church were set up liy Pancras parish, as it had been built in that pnrt of Highgate included within its boun- dary, Ijut an Act of Parliament Avas passed, which made Highgate a separate ecclesias- tical district. St. Micliael's Church is a most picturesque addition to the Cemetery, of wdiich it seems to form a crowning appendage, enhancing the solemnity and beauty of the burial ground by its situatjon. It is an elegant specimen of the later English style, with an enriclied tower and crocketted spire ; the north ehjva- tion, especially, facing the Grove at Highgate, presents a pccuUar and striking appearance. The interior also deserves much praise. At its south end, overlooking the Cemetery, there is a magnificent stained-glass window representing the Saviour and the apostles, the gift of the Rev. G. Slayo, many years preacher in the old cliapel. It was made at Rome ; the border contains several coats-of- ai-ms from tlie windows of the old chapel. The clock and bells, weighing upwards of nineteen cwt., were the gift of George Cray- shiiw, Esq. There is accommodation for 1,500 people, of which there is provided 500 free sittings for the poor. The appointment is in the gii't of the lijsh'ip of London, and is worth about £600 a-year. The present in- cumbent is the Rev. S. Dalton, M.A. There arc a few interesting moninne]its from the old chapel around the walls r4'tbe new church ; but that perhaps most worthy of notice is the one erected to tiie enunent poet, Samuel Tajdor Coleridge, who during the later period of his life, resided at High- gate, in the bouse of Mr. Gilhnan, surgeon, Pemberton Row, wdiere he died. Mr. Gill- man, who was a very endeared friend of the [)oet's, did not long survive him, and a mo- nument to his memory has been placed beside that of his companion, denoting, now they are gone to a better world, their lasting friendship wdiile on earth. The fullowdng is the inscription ou that of the poet's monu- ment : — Sacred to the Memory of Samuel Taylor Colekidge. This truly great and good man resided for The last nineteen years of his life In this hamlet. He quitted " the bodv of this death " July 25, l'83i, In the sixty-second year of his age. Of his learning and discursive genius, His literary works are an imperishable record. THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. 65 To his private wortli, His social and Christian virtues, James and Ann Gillmanj Tlie friends with whom he resided Dnring the above period, dedicate tliis tablet. He died under tlic pressure of a lon^ And most painful disease. His disposition was unalterably sweet and [angelic. Ho was an ever-cnduriug, ever-loving friend. The gentlest and kindest teacher, The most engaging home-companion. " framed for calmer times find nobler hearts! studious poet, eloquent for truth ! Pliilosnpher, contemning wealth and de.atli. Yet docile, childish, full of light and love. Here on this monumental stone thy friends [inscribe thy worth." " Reader ! for the world mourn ! A light has passed away from the earth! But for this pious and exalted Christian Rejoice, and again I say unto you rejoice." The other inscription is as follows: — Sacred to the Memory of James Gillman, Surgeon, For many years an eminent practitioner in This place. The Friend of S. T. Coleridge. His Christian faith has, we humbly trust, through the merits of the Saviour, ob- tained the promise of a better inheritance. " He asked and hoped through Christ- Do thou the same." l!}|[f Ojltamlen'^ ^diaol. cy SIR ROGER CHOMLEY'S Grammar Scliool was founded in 1565 for the pur- pose of edncating forty poor boys be- longino; to Highn;ate, Kentish Town, and Finchley. The present Grammar Schuol is a substantial brick Gothic building near the gate, and has the following inscription on a tablet on the west front : — " Sr. Roger Ciiomley, Knt. Founded in 15G5. Tins BUILDING ERECTED IN 1810." Sir Roger Choniley was Loi'd Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench, and probably obtained the property on which he founded the scliool by a grant from the crown. The pious and benevolent old knight, after performing many good works, finally settled at Hornsey, and there he spent his latter days in literary retirement. Among the rules and laws made by the governors for the regulation of thein- stitution, a decree made in the reign of Eliza- beth, a few years after the knight's death, is still extant. The following are some ex- tracts : — " First — AVe order and decree, according to the will, mind, and intent of the said Sir Ro;2;er Choraley, Knight, founder of the Free School, that there be an honest and learned schoolmaster, appointed and placed to teach the scholars coming to this Free School; which schoolmaster that shall be so placed be a graduate of good, sober, and honest conver- sation, and no light person, who shall teach and instruct young children, as well in their A, B, C,* as in other English books, and to write, and also in their grammar, and that without taking any money or reward other- wise than is hereafter expressed and declared. " Second, — We will and order that any schoolmaster that shall be placed to teach in the free school shall sat/ and read openly 2it the chapel at Highgate next adjoining the said free school the service set forth by the Queen's Majesty in the form following, — that is to say, every Sunday and hoUday, morning and evening prayers ; every Wed- nesday and Friday, morning prayers with the Litany ; and on Saturday and every festival day in the year, evening prayers. "We order that the master for the time being shall receive quarterly for his wages, fifty shillings, also his dwelling-house, rent free. That he shall have besides two acres of ground, lately enclosed out of Highgate Common, with the giirden and orchard ad- * The common alphabet is not here meant, but a Black Letter Book calb'd the '' A, B, C, with the Catechism"— that is to sav, an in- struction to be taught and learned (yf every child before he be brought to be confirmed by the Bishop. 56 THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. joininf^'the chapel, and shall also have yearl}^ ont of the wood of the Lord Bishop of Lon- don at Ilornsey, eight loads of fire- wood, pro- vided the said firewood be burnt within the house, and not suld away." This decree was signed by Edwin Sandys, Bishop of London, Jasper Chomley, Roger Martin, &c., on the 7th December, 1571, in the fourteenth year of the reign of Elizabeth. The yearly funds of the school at the time of its foundation were only £10 13s. 4d., but by various benevolent donations and the in- creased value of property, they soon increased to a considerable amount. By an account furnished by the Rev. Weldon Champneys (the then Yicar of St. Pancras) in 1800 to Mr. Lyssons, author of a work entitled the " Environs of London," the moneys vested in the governors of Higligate Grammar School were as follows : — Date. Donors^ Names. Description. Value in 1800. 1502 The Founder. (Messuages in the pa- rishes of St. Martin, Lud- gate, and St. Michael, Crooked Lane) £40 per annum T^ands at Highgate £99 do. 1580 John Dudley. (Rent tenements at Stoke Newington) . £2 do. 1587 Jasper Chomley (Rent charge, manor of Renters, Hendon) . £2 Cs 8d do. 1G37 WiUiam Piatt (Rent charge, house at £10 do. Kentish Town) £10 do. Money in the Funds, &.c. £140 do. The latter included a grnnt of £G0 a-3'ear by Edward Pauncefurt, E&q., an iidiabitant of Highgate. The income is now greatly in- creased. In 1824: new rules were made by the governors, and the statutes remodelled as follows : — " The schoolmaster to be a graduate in lioly orders, the course of instruction to in- clude the Latin and Greek languapcp, and the principles of the Christian religion ac- cording to the doctrine and discipline of the Church of England. " Forty scholars to be admitted by the governors out of Highgate, Kentish Town, Holloway, Hornsey or Fiucbley. " Each boy on admission to pay 21s. towards the librfiry. " The qualification of boys before admis- sion to be, that they shall read and write, and understand the two first rules of arith- metic. " The masters and scholars to regularly attend divine service." It is understood tliat as the funds of the institution advance, the governors will fouud exhibitions for scholars at £50 each for four years, at either Oxford or Cambridge, so that at no very distant period, it may be expected to rival the best public schools. It is almost needless to say, that the boys now selected are not those of the poorer classes, but chiefly belong to the gentry and wealthy tradesmen in the nei/jhbourbood. THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. 57 THERE are few spots upon the summit of Higbgate Hill possessing more interest than Highgate Grove — once known as Higligatc Green, find the resort of the villa- gers for proraenading in fine weather. It was once covered with a row of splendid elm trees, a few of which are still remaining and exhibit signs of great age. To fully realize the character attached to this locality, it must be borne in mind that the Grove, or Green, before the " Gate" was erected, and tlie road cut over the hill to Einchley, ter- minated the public road northward, all be- yond being the " Bishop's Wood," a large tract of which still remains, and which bor- ders the road on the right hand side, along Hampstead Lane, from Highgate to the '' Spaniard>'" Tavern. That it used to be a resort for the London folk in the sum- mer, for purposes of recreation and dancing, we have many evidences. In an old comedy, entitled "Jack Drarae's Entertainment," (JGUl,) on the introduction of the Whitsun Morris dance, the following song is given : — " Skip it and frisk it nimbly, nimbly ; Tickle it, tickle it lustily ! Strike up the tabour for the wenches' fa- vour ; Tickle it, tlck.le it lustily ! " Let us be seene, on Highgate Greene, To dance for the honour of Holloway; Since we are come hither, let's spare for no leather. To dance for the honour of Holloway." An interesting incident occurred in con- nection with Hogarth, at one of the inns which formerly stood near the Green. One Sunday, during his apprenticeship, he set out, with two or three companions, on an ex- cursion to Highgate Green. The weather being hot they went into a public house, where they had not been long before a quar- rel arose between two persons in the sanae room, when one of the disputants having struck the other on the head with a quart- pot and cut him very much, caused him to make such a hideous grin, that it presented Hogarth witli too humouroua a subject to be overlooked. He drew out his pencil and pro- duced on the spot one of the most ludicrous figures imaginable, and what rendered the sketch more valuable was, that it exhibited an exact likeness of the man, with the por- trait of his antagonist and the figures, in connection with the principal persons, ga- thered around him. In the vicinity of Highgate Green formerly stood Dorchester House, once the residence of tbe Marquis of Dorchester. In the year 1685, one William. Blake, a woollen-draper in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, set on foot a scheme to establish a hospital at Highgate, for tbe maintenance of fatherless boys and girls. He spent £5,000 by purchasing Dor- chester House to carry out his plan, and pub- lished a very rare book, called '' Silver Drops, or Serious Things," being a kind of exhorta- tion to ladies to encourage the undertaking. The boys were to be taught painting, gar- dening, accounts and navigation, and to wear a uniform of blue lined with yellow. The girls to be taught to read, write, sew, starch, raise paste, and dress. The allowance of the housekeeper per day was one bottle of wine, three of ale, six rolls, and two dishes of meat. Subscriptions were collected and several children admitted. It was called the " Ladies' Cliarlty School." At one time (1GG7) there were thirty-six boy scholars ; and in 1675 the books belonging to the school consisted of two English, eighteen Latin, and three Greek. The fiunder, William Blake, was, as will be imagined, rather a quaint charac- ter. He carried on his business at the sign of the " Golden Boy," at the corner of Mai- den Lane, leading into Bedford Street, Co- vent Garden. He was exceedingly pious and earnest in the Protestant cause, and the mo- tive which led him to found the school, was for the purpose of diffusing the Reformed re- ligion among the young. It did not, how- ever, last long after his death, although it had the support of several ladies of rank, i His book. " Silver Drops," had a frontispiece engraving of Dorchester House, as v;ull as his own mansion at Highgate, and It also contained a number of notes, in most of which 58 THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. be lamented the w;nit of encouragement, and complained that, by some people, he was treated as a madman. THE IIIGHOATE VOLUNTEERS OF 1801. On the occasion of Napoleon's contemplated invasion, the inhabitants of Highgate im- mediately raised and supported during the war, a battahon of three liundred men, com- manded by a field officer with the rcgnlnted compliment of captains, subnltevns, non-com- missioned ofHcers, &c. The government provided the adjutants, the arms, and am- munition, hut the clothing and all other ex- penses were defrayed by the voluntary sub- scriptions of the inhabitants. The colours were presented by the Countess of Mansfield, and the corps reviewed in 1805 by King George III., at Harrow Weald, and at suh- sequcnt periods by his Koyal Highness the Duke of {'ambridge, General Fox, anr] others, on Finchley Common, on all of whicli occa- sions the commanding generals expressed their thanks for the zeal displayed and their approbation of the eflScient state of discipline the corps had attained, and the perfect manner in which they performed their various duties. Their place of muster was most frequently the Grove, near Hi hgatc Church, and their place of exercise Highgate (_'onnnon, which on tine :-uii!nier evenings, nsod ti> be tln'onged by rhe fair OCX to w:':ness tlieir various cm-i- lutions. A good i)and was maintained, \\hlr]i greatly enlivened all ttie proceedings of the corps. The colours of the corps, were lately in the possession of Mr. Prickett, anctloneer of Highgate. Only two or three of the 300 A^ohinteer3 of 1801 are now alive to perso'ially compare the present with the past. laii^ji^ltl '§,mM, THIS splendid building, the seat of the Earl of Mansfield, Is situated within the parish, at Highgate It was purchased I of the Earl of Bute, in 1755, by the tlrst Earl 1 of I\IansHeld, Chief Justice of the King's I Bench. The wood siirrounding the mansion I is supposed, and with every pirobablllty, to I be part of the remains of the ancient forest J of Middlesex. When Lord MansHeld first ■ entered upon the possession of the estate, the : mansion was small and not of a very elegant i description. The principal aherations were : effected by the late Earl under the direction ot Messrs. Adams and Saunders, architects. ! It is a noble structure of the Ionic or- j der, exhibiting two handsome fronts, the ; principal of which towards the north, has ■ two projecting wings aud enriched entabla* : ture. The southern front commands a fine view of the gardens, and a terrace walk 1 ranges along the whole length. The various : apartments are of very fine proportions. i The wa'ls and celling of the rauslc-room were ! painted by Julius Ibbetson; in different ■ panels being Introduced representations of viirlrius operations of agriculture performed by children, from designs by Claude of Lor- ' raine ; and interspersed are beautiful views of I North Wales. In the library are original paintings of Pope, Garrick. and Betterton ; likewise a full-length portrait of the first Earl by Martin and a bust of him by Nol- lekens. The celling of the lihrary Is coved and divided into panels delicately stuccoed, and ornamented with paintings by Zuechi. 'J'he grounds around the mansion are very fine and of gi*eat extent. The undulations are gentle yet sheltering, and a fine serpen- tine walk displays to the visitor the various beauties of this diversified retreat, while the vistas are judiciously formed, casually re- vealing land unconnected with the estate, but adding to its picturesque and rural beauty. There are several spacious sheets of water, and some cedars of Lebanon of consi- derable height, one of them having been planted by the late Lord Chief Justice with his own hands. The beautiful sheets of water connected with tills estate, known as the "Seven Ponds," include several of the reservoirs which have long supplied a considerable district of the parish with water. The ponds were until lately leased by the Ilampstead Water Works Company, which has since become incorporated with the New River Company. THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. BEI.LSIZE HOUSE AXD PAUK. l*Ei.LsiZE Vakk is not situated in this p:iri-;h, but on the borders of the adjoining parish of Hampstead. It is however, a pU\ce of iiiueh local interest, and so well known that a few remarks upon it will not be out of place. Before the dissolution of the monas- teries it was in possession of the Dean of Westminster, but after that was leased by Sir Thomas Wroth, Lieutenant of the Tower for twenty years. In IGGO tlie lease of the Bellsize estate was renewed to Daniel O'Neale, Esq., of tlie Bed- chamber of Charles II., wlio married Catherine, the eldest daughter of Thomas Lord Wootton, whose son was created a buron of the realm under the title of Lord Wootton. Tliis Lord Wootton made Bellslze his principal seat, and lived there from 1073 to 1681. In the True Protestanl Jferciirt/ pnper of October 15, 1(>81, there is an account ,t of December, 1527, there was a nolde arb;n-a. It was governed by amasterand three wardens. It had two royal founders, Henry VIII. and his tirst wife Queen Katherine, and amongst its brethren and sisters comprised Cardinal Wolsey, besides dukes and duchesses, earls, knights, and esquires in abundance. In Maitland's " History ot London,'' the order and mode of admission, and the rules and benefits attached to the fraternity is stated as f(d!o\vs: — " Whosoever by the Grace of God is dis- posed to enter into the blessed fraternity of St. Barbara, founded in St. Katherine's Church, must pay to the said fraternity the sum of xs. ivfZ. sterling at his first entering, or elsr within the space of six years, that is to say athis first entering xiiJ. and every quarter ful- lowino-ivJ., until thewliole be paid in money, plate, or other honest stufl'. At the first paym?nthe or she shall receive a letter with the seal of the Warden, which Warden ^hall receive his name, and bring it to the altar of Barbara in St. Katherinc's Church, and ther.j be registered, and daily prayed for by name. And when the last payment is made then the said brother or sister shall receive a letter with the common seal of the fraternity, whereby he shall have a suret\' of living; that is to say, if ever the said brother or sister fall into decay of worldly goods, as by sick- nesses, hurt by the war-, or meet accident upon land or sea, or by any other means fall into poverty, then if he bring the said letter, signed and sealed with the said common seal, the Master and all the company shall receive him favourably, and there he shall have every week xliirf., house-room, and bedding, with a woman to wash his clothes and dress his meat ; and so to continue year by year and week by week during his life, by the grace of Almighty Jesu.s. " Given this l.-t day of December, 1527. Sir William Skevinuton, Knight, M;i5ter ; Wilb'am Uxley and Robert Fisher, Wardens." The same auth^'^rity states for whom tlic priests and bri'thren should pray in reference to this guild : — '' Of your devout charity ye shall pray for all the brethren and sisters of the i:niid of our glorious Saviour, Christ Jesus, and of the hit-ssed Virgin and Martyr, St. Barbara, foundeil in the St. Katherine's Church next to the Tower of London. And first ye shall prav for the uorid estate of our Sovereineklngham,and my ladyehiswife ; the Duke of Norfolk and my ladj'e his wife ; the Earl i of Slirewsbury and my ladye his wife ; and for all ladyes and brethren of the same. \ "Abo for Sir Richard Cboraley, Knight ; Sir William Compton, Knight, and for all brothers and sisters that be alive, and for the souls of all brothers and sisters that be dead. And for the Master and Wardens of the said ^■uild. And for the more special grace let 'j\'ery man sa}- a paternoster and an ave. " And God save the King, the Master, Wardens, and all brothers and sisters of the same." !iMany liberties were granted to this hos- pital, ,such as permission to hold a fair on Tower Hill the day after the feast of St. THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. TANGRAS. 63 James's, Szc. At the dissolution of the re- lig-ious houses the church was surrendered into the hands of Henry VIII. on the 4th of February, 1531. The charity, however, was not wholly confiscated, the hospital and church being allowed to remain, with many of its privileges, and there it continued till it was removed to its present site. PRIMROSE HILL. The road along the east side of Primrose Hill divides tTie parish of St. Pancras from those of Ilampstead and Maryle- hone. It ]?, however, a place so much frequented, that a few remarks conctrniri;; it will be acceptable. The name '' I'rimrose Hill" is no modern appellation, it having been known to Londoners for a long time past. Its neighbourhood was formerly noted on account of the quantity of wild primroses which grew there, as well as in a lane adjoin- ing called " Primrose Lane." The place is noted in history for the murder of Sir Kdmund Bury Godfrey, or rather, perhaps, for his body having been found there, after he had been murdered elsewhere. All the historians of the period notice this fact, as it was one of the most m3'sterious parts of the machinery of the Popish Plot, the per- petrators of the assassination having never been discovered. The place where the corpse was found is described in a letter to Mr. JMiles Prance in 1681 : — '' As to the place, it was in a ditch on the south side of Primrose Hill, surrounded with divers closes, fenced in with high mounds and ditches; no road near, only some deep dirty lanes, made only for the conveniency of driv- ing cows, and such like cattle in and out of the grounds ; and these very lanes not coming near 500 yards of the place, and impossible for any man on horseback with a dead coi-pse before him at midnight to approach, unless gaps were made in the mounds, as the con- stable and his assistants found b}' experience when they came on horseback thither." The hill called Barrow Hill is supposed to have been the scene of some battle. THE ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. Moke tlian half these beautiful gardens are in the parish of St. Paucras. They are, how- ever, so well known to local residents that a vcrv short account will be all that is neces- sary. The Zoological Society of London was founded in the year 1825, and have expended upwards of a quarter of a million of money up to this date in the support of the gardens. The source of income is derived from the sub- scriptions of the members or fellows of the society and the admission fees from visitors, the receipts from both sources now realising about £10,000 per annum. Formerly, the admission to the gardens was only to be ob- tained by a member's order, in addition to the usual entrnnce fee, but afterwards the public were admitted upon the payment of one shilling, witliout the necessity of procur- ing an order. Lately it has been further re- duced to sixpence on Mondays,such arrange- ment being a decided success. The gardens in rhoir present condition, are unquestionably the finest zoological collection in h:]urope, there being nearly 1,400 specimens trom all quarters of the globe. Among the principal objects of interest is the aquarium, the reptile house, andthe carnivora terrace. The society, in their management, keep all the animals in a state as nearly approaching to their natural habits as possible ; the birds in extensive aviaries ; the aquatic animals in large reser- voirs of water ; and the reptiles are furnished with blankets and other warm appliances to keep them from the cold Beavers and otters are accommodated with water-grots wherein to retire when they Iiave had a satiety of bathing ; monkeys and bears are supplied with poles for the gratification of their climb- ing propensities ; and the larger animals, such as the elephant and the giraffes, are allowed the fullest scope of enjoyment com- patible with their safe keeping. The grounds are laid out with great taste, and during the summer season present a brilliant display of flowers and shrubs transplanted from the gardens of the Horticultural Society. THE COLOSSELJM^ This popular place of exhibition is within the parish. It was first projected by Mr. Horner for the purpose of exhibiting a pano- ramic view of London and its suburbs taken from the top of St. Paul's Cathedral, and was commenced in the year 1824, but not thrown open for public exhibition till 1820. The delay in perfecting the building ruined Mr. Horner, but the committee, upon whom the management devolved, j)rece('ded to complete it. Mr. Decimus Burton was the arcliitect. It presents externally a Greek Doric portico of noble dimensions and a dome 126 feet in 6-t THE HISTOPwY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. diameter, of which 75 feet is entirely com- posed of glass. It shape is polygonal, having 16 facings, each 25 feet in circumference. The panorama coyers more than 40,000 square feet, or nearly an acre of canvass, and may, for its fidelity to the original, he almost considered a photograph of the metropohs at the time it was taken. A painting of Paris, of equal magnitude, is now exhibiting, and the Swiss cottage, arabesque conservatories, and a stalactite cavern are among the other attractions. It is at present under the managemejit of the talented Dr. Bachboff- ner. ihc f etcijhmi;j> (follefit CAMDEN TOAVN. THE aljovG institution, consistino; of an Licademy for studying tlie diseases of cattle, and an infirmary for horses. Is situated in College Street, Camden Town. It is the finest and most useful institution of the kind in Britain, and pupils from all parts of the countr)' come thither to bo instrncted. In the year 1784- a committee of gentlemen met for the purpose of establishing a college for studying the diseases of cattle, and advertise- ments in the public papers announcing the intention of sacli committee, appeared the same year. Seven years after, in 1701, the present institution was founded by Mr. Sain Bell. From an accoimtofthe college, printed by order of the governors, it states, '"' the grand object of this institution has been, and is, to form a school of veterinary science, in which the anatomical structure of quadru- peds of all kinds, horses, cattle, sheep, dogs, &c., the diseases to which they are all subject, and the remedies proper to be applied, might be investigated and regularly taught, in order that by this means, the enlightened practices of those whose whole stud}-- has been devoted to the vcterinar}'" science and all its branches, may be gradually disposed all over the king- dom. For this purpose pupils are taken into the college, who, in addition, to the lectures and instruction of the professor, and the practice of the stables under his super- intendence, are admitted to medical and ana- tomical lectures. Of these pupils many are established in various parts of the country, practising witli great benefit. In order, how- ever, that no doubt may arise respecting the sufficient qualifioation of pupils upon leaving the college, they are strictly examined by the medical committee (which consists of the most eminent surgeons in the metropolis) from whom they receive a proper certificate if they are found to have acquired a sufficient know- ledgeinthe various branches of the veterinary science, and are competent to practice with advantage to the public." There is a theatre for dissection, where lectures arc judiciously delivered ; a large apartment is provided with numerous anato- mical preparations, for the complete illustra- tion of subjects discussed by the lecturers. There is likewise a forge for the shoeing of horses on the most approved principles, and several paddocks are attached to the coUe- THE HISTORY AND TILVDITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. KEXTISII TOWX. KENTISH-TOWN, or Cuntelows, or Can- tilupe Town is the most ancient iiamlet in the parish. The neighbourhood of the Old Olntrch in the Pancras Road up to the commencement of the present century was but very thinly populated; indeed, all but deserted. The village of Kentish Town was inhabited long beibre Somers Town or Camden Town came into existence, the first building in Camden Town scarcely dating fmther back than 1750. Divine service, moreover, nsed to be perlbrmed at Kentish Town every Sunday, while at the Old Church it was performed but once a month. The vicara""e-}iouse ■was also formerly situated at Kentish Town. The oldcbapel at Kentisli Town is said to have been fonndcd by two brothers, Walter :ind Thomus de Cantilupe, who lived in the reigns ofHein-y III. and Edward I. Norden, writing in tlic reign of Elizabeth, mentions a chapel of ease as existing in Kentish Town, but without describing it us a structure of morlorn erection, thus leaving it to be infeiTsd tliat a place of worship existed in this part of the pari.-h before his time. Indeed, tbere is other evidence to prove that sncli was the case, hi TvIoU's '' History of Middlesex,' ! 17:^-1, tlie following remarks ai*e made con- eLa'nin"' the orlirin of Kentisli Tuwn :— ' YdU may, from Ilampstead, see in the ctween it and London, a village, vul- called Kentish Town, which we men- iiitrdv h\' reason of the corruption of the ihe trne one being Cantihipe Town, ;;;li that gi'cat i'an"iily were anciently owners. One or both of tliem built a chapel (i,.iv. Thcv were men of great account in tlie ...j.ni- of King dohn, Henry III, and Edward [ \Vaiti-r de Cantilupe was Hidiop of Wor vale I , ot !4er, t :.';!(; to ]26o ; Saint Thomas de Can- eforu, 1275 to 1-I8L' tiUipe was Bishop oi' He Tbomas was canonized fcr a saint in the thirt.y-fnunli year of ICdward's reign. The inheritance at length devidvinir u]>on the sisters, the very name liecamo extinct. Ken- tish Town is now a prebend of St. Paul's." The chapel built l)y th^.'se brothers was dedicated to St. John the h-aptist. Tlie old building was pulled down in tiie latter part of the last century, and the present church erected higher up the Kentish Tuwn ]\oad. It was a neat brick structure ol" unpretend- ing appearance, and stood upon the site of the private residence of Mr. E. IMor^'an, corn- dealer, of Old Chapel Row, whose i';nnilyhas been connected withtlie hamlet fur '20i) years. Part of the wall of the old chapel is still re- maining, and may be seen in the rear of the above gentleman's premises. Mr. Morgan in- formed the writer of this work that he had in his private residence some interesting sou- venirs of the old chapel made from the pews and communion-table which once belonged to the same, and which he highly prizes. The jjresent church was erected iii 1 78u, and tliere have been several addition;-; and improvements made since that date, the expenses for winch were defrayed by a fund arising from the rental of the church lands of St. Pancras, aided by a brief. It is a pleas- ing structure of the pointed style of archi- tecture. The interior is neat and commo- dious. There is a fine-stained glass window over the communion-table, and others of great beauty at the sides. Among the persons in- terred in the vaults of this church may be mentioned that of Grignion, the celebrated engraver, who died in 1810, at the age of 93. For .'^omc time previous to his decease he lost his sight, and this melancholy privation was rendered more bitter by his extreme poverty. A subscription for his relief in some measure .-oftened the last steps of his approach to the m-ave. 66 THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. jnstittttiait^, ^4. ORrnAN WOEKING SCHOOL. This institution, one of the most useful in the kingdom, is situated in the northern part of the parish at Haverstock Hill. It is a very elegant building, and commands a fine pro- spect of the country. There are various premises detached from the main build- ing in which tlie children are taught useful occupations, ;xnd the plaj'groLindi are furnished with gymnasiums for tlie pro- motion of physical health and strength. As regards the history of this institution it was first commenced at a small house In Hoxton, in the year 1758, for the reception of twenty poor orphan and destitute boys, Twenty girls were afterwards admitted, mak- ing a total of forty children ; this number gradually increased, until three houses were full, which obhged the committee to seek larger premises, and land having been pur- chased in the Uity-road (then a sulmrb of London), the school was erected in 1775, which was occupied until 184-7. The premises in the City-road were in- tended for thirty-five boys and thirty-five girls; but in 1840, that number had In- creased to one lumdred ; and in i84(), to one hundred and thirty-nlue. In anticipation of an increased income It was determined to erect a new building, where two hundred and forty children could be accommodated. Haverstock Hill was the spot selected. To this locality the children were removed in 1847, the one hundred and thirty-nine at that period have become two hundred and seventy-four, and will be further increased to four hundred, as the committee may be encouraged by public support. Fifty children are animally elected into the schools by the votes of governors ana subscribers, sixty will be admitted during the present year, and that number will b;? iii- creasi;d from rime to time until the house is full. Children avu admitted between seven and eleven years of age, providi-d they are in good health, and have neither been the inmates of a prison or a workhouse. The boys remain in the school until they are fourteen years of ;ii^;p when thfy are placfd out as apprentices, if sultahiL' situations ofier, with an outfit of the value of five pounds. Nearly all the girls remain until they arc fifteen years of age, and are trained for domestic service. When they leave the school situations are usually provided for them. Each girl has an outfit of the value of three guineas. During the seven following years after they leave the school, and to encourage them to persevere in good conduct, the old scholars are rewarded with aurns varying from five shiilings to one guinea, on producing satisfactory testimonials from their employers. Altogether, one thousand nine hundred and forty-three poor children have been admitted into the schools; nearly all who have left, after receiving a reUgious, useful, and suitable education, have been placed in situations, in wliich they have, by Industry and good con- duct, obtained a comfortable livelihood — some have risen to infiuential stations in society, and many of them are now governors of the charity. In 1S59 the receipts were £9,778 '.)&. 3d., and the expenditure, £9,734 KJs. 7d. ST. rAXCRAS ]'i-:;:\iALE oiiaritt scnooL, llAMl'STEAI) ROAD. Tins school was instituted by the parish- ioners in the year 1776, for the purp-jse of maintaining, clothing, instructing, and put- ting out to service a certain number of female children of the industrious poor of the parish. The number, originally six, was soon In- creased to sixty-three, but in 185^ it was reduced to fifty-three. The original schorjl being too small for the increased number of children, the present building was erected in 1790 on a piece of ground generously granted for that purpose by Lord Southampton on the eastern side of the Hampstead Koad, near St. .lames's Chapel. These poor girls are clothed, educated, and wholly suppported by this In- stituti-m until they are fit for domestic ser- vice, when they are carefully put out with respectable people. A child to he ohgible, must have been legally settled In the parisli for two years. According to the abstract ac- THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. 67 count of the income and expenditure for the ye.ir 1858, the finances stood as follows : in- come, £9-13 Os lOd; the expenditure, £791. 7s L'd. The Board-room of the institution is a handsome apartment ; on the panels of the walls are a list of the benefactors of the school written in gold ; over the fire place is a por- trait of Thomas Russell. Esq-, one of the trustees, painted by J. P. Knight, R.A. The patrons are the Earl of Mansfield and Lord Southampton, together with the vicar of the parish. The lion, secretary is Mr. John Ker- sey, 2i, Euston Square. THE KHrOUJIATOUV AND WORKSIAN'S IN- STITUTE, ECSrON ROAD. Both these noble institutions have been chiefly .-St;, l;h.liL-d by J. G. liower, Esq., of Amptliill Square, a gentleman who has successfully e-xerted himself to benefit his fellow-countrymen as any man living, and deserves the gratitude of the commnuity for his eiforts. The number of inmates in the Refonnatory is constantly varying, but the average, however, is ] 10. The course of training hists about twelve months, at the end of which they are sent out as emigrants or assisted to provide for themselves in this country. There are various trades taught, such as printing, turnery, carpentering and smith's work, polishing, tailoring, shoemaking and bookbinding. The whole expenditure for the maintenance of the inmates is £19 15s Old per head, whereas it has been reckoned that the annual booty of a London thief is £300. There are a variety- of articles on .sale in the .shop attached to the Reformatory in the Euston Road, the productions of the inmates. Tlie Workman's Institute is contiguous to the iLcformatory, though not connected with it in any way. It is well-lighted, and there is a spacious and comfortable reading-room fur- nished with periodicals, newspapers, &c., beside many other advantages. ST. PANCllA.S ALMSHOUSES. These Almshouses are situated at Haver- stoek Hill. They were founded in 1850 by D. Erase:, Esq., for the purpose of affording a shelter for decayed and aged parishioners. Candidiites for admission must have a small independent income before making ,'in appli- cation. 1 he nciw buildings consist of a very handsome row of attached cottages built wuli pointed roofs and red brick facings. A spa- cious and well-kept lawn is situated in the front, whicliis enclosed by a light and elegant stone wall. The situation and appearance of the whole is very pleasing. On a tablet at the side of the porter's lodge and facing the highway, is the following inscription written in blue and gold, stating the objects of the institution : — Supported bj' Voluntary Contributions To the Glory of God And for the comfort of poor old Parishioners. Tlicse Almshouses \vere projected by Donald Eraser, M.D. And by the willing aid of Public benevolence. Were Founded a.d. 1850, And rebuilt on this site a.d. 1859. Rev. Canon Dale, M.A., '^^icar. Henry Baker, Architect. ''Cast me not off at the time of old age, Forsai^e me not when mv strength faileth." I The Almshouses are managed by a com- 1 mittee of subscribers. The secretary is Mr. Lettice, 134, Euston Road. tonbridge chapel, euston road. ToNBriiDGE Chapel is one of the five places of "worsliip erected chieily by the instrumen- tality of the late Mr. T. Wilson of Highbury, and was first opened for divine worship on Wednesday, September 17, 1810. The Rev. Thomiis Spencer, a gifted and eloquent ■ preacher oihciated here soon after the estab- I lishmcnt of a church. During the ministry j of Dr. Liefchild, Smith, the martyr of De- merara, wiis converted to a knowledge of the truth. One day, in passing along the Eus- ton Road, he carelessly entered this place of worship while the above gentleman was preaching, and the word went so powerfully to liis heart, that he afterwards became a devoted servant to the cause of religion. He offered his services as a mission;iry, and was sent to Demerara, waere his efforts in the cause of negro emancipation resulted in a cruel persecution by the planters ; he was falsely accused by th in, ami died in a fcetid prison into wliicli he was thrown. Some time after this, the House of Coinmons rang with the eloqu nee of Lord Brougham as he told of the wrongs and cruel death of the martyr missionary of Demerara. Smith's Place Ragged School was fir-t founded by the mem- ! bers of this chapel. The building is a plain [ briek structure, with a small portico in front. The Rev. H. JMadgin is the present minister. : national scotch church, regent- Si.iUARE. This building was erected in 1827 from de- signs by Mr. Tite, the celebrated architect, ibr the service of di\-inc worsliip according to the GS THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF ST. PANCRAS. doctrine of the National Scotcb Presbyterian Church. The Rev. E. Irvinf;, founder of the sect called the Irvingites, was the first mini- ster ; Dr. Chalmers also sometimes preached liere. The freehold site and building is stated to have cost £25.000, and will accommodate 1,000 persons. Tiio Rev. J. Hamilton, D.D., is the present minister. The church was latel}' put up for auction by orderof the mort- gagees and was bought in for the congrega- tion for £6,000, since whicb it has been re- painted and repaired. The interior is cnsb- ioned throughout, and lighted by sun-burners from the ceiling. HIGHGATE CEMETERY. Tins justly celebrated and beautiful ceme- tery comprises a portion of the grounds i'ov- merly belonging to the old Mansion-House at Highgate. It is neatly and tastefully laid out, and the sutterranean depositories and catacombs were constructed under the direc- tion of l\Ir. Running, the city architect. There is a neat chapel for the use of the members of the Established Church and also I for Dissenters. A porti m <">f the cemetery I was consecrated m 1830 by the Bishop ot ' Loudon. 1 The view from the terrace is mn.st magni- ■ ficent, compri'ing, on a clear day, a compre^ [ hensive panorama of the SuiTey and Kentish ! hills; towards the cast the winding Thames I as far down as Erith may be seen, and the ! wimle of the metropolis lie'^ in the valley bnlow. It is the highest ground in the north ' of London, being 4-20 feet above the level of ] the Thames, 15 feet higher than the door- I step of '* Jack Straw's Castle," and 300 feet t higher than Primrose-hill. TTIK VK'^TitV HALT.. The Vestry Hall is situated in the King's K:iad, (''amden Town, and was erected in IS-lrT. Mr. Bond, the then surveyor of the parlsii, v.-;H the architect, and ]\Ir. Cooper, (li-^ liail'1'.-r. It is ;l plain brick building '-'ith coriiic mniililiiigs. On the ground floor :\re rlie vaiiiu^ ollirc.s and committee-rooms ibr the use of rhe otKcial staff In transacting narish Ijusine'^s. The hall is approached by a handsome stone staircase. It is an elegant ^qaare apartuient : at Its western end is a gallcMT for rat<.'[)ayers, and a raised dais at the upper end of the apartment. Over the dais are two handsome portraits of men of eminent local faoif, who have fought the '■aroehial hattlo; of the pirish, and intro- duced wise and sound reforms in the local legislature. The portrait to the right is that of Richard Brettinghara, Esq., and the other that of William Douglas, Esq., the latter of whom has been at the head of the financial affairs of the district for many years, and was mainly instrumental in abohshing church rates in the parish. Formerly the Vestry had no settled place of meeting, and used to deliberate at various taverns in the parish. The parish is repre- presented by 120 vestrymen chosen from the eight wards into which it is divided, and who manage the whole of the parish business. From these vestrymen, forty gentlemen are chosen to serve as guardians of the poor. At Easter two churchwardens are annually elected. A Committee of Works, also chosen from the Vestry, meet every Monda}"" at Ed- ward Street, Hampstead Road, and transact all business connected with paving and lighting. THE "WORKHOrSE. The present Workhouse was orecled in the year 1809, at a cost to the parish of £30,000. It has, however, shice then been largely added to, and is now more than double its original size. Tlie number of inmates at present, average from 1,200 to 1,500, — the po- pulation of a large village or town. It is managed with great credit and economy, and at the same tine the poor are well-treated. The following is the dietary table of adul*".s 60 years of age and upwards, and the various other clashes are dieted in proportion : — Sunday — Breakfast, 7 oz bread, -^- oz butter, and 1 pint of tea. Dinner, cooked meat, G oz, potatoes, 8 oz. Supper same as breakfast. Mondnij — Breakfast, 7 oz bread, \ oz but- ter, and 1 pint of tea. Dinner, one pint of pea soup. Supper same as breakfast. 2\tesday — Breakfast, 7 oz bread, -;,- oz butter, and 1 pint of tea. Dinner, cooked meat, G oz, potatoes, 8 oz. Supper same as breakfast. Wedne.sda//. — Breakfast, 7 oz bread, {f oz butter, and 1 pint of tea. Dinner, one pint of pea soup. Supi>er same as breakfast. Thursday — Breakfast, 7 oz bread, ^ oz but- ter, and one pint of tea. Dlimer, cooked meat, G oz, potatoes, 8 oz. Supper same as break- fast. Friday — Breakfast, 7 oz bi'ead, \ oz butter, and 1 pint tea. Dinner, one pint of pea soup. Supper same as breakfast. Saturday — Breakfast, 7 oz bread, I oz butter, and pint of tea. Dinner, suet pudding, 12 oz. Supper same as breakfast. "^ " I have here a nosegay ol' c'jJIed flowers, aud have brouAlrt you nothing of my own hut the strint^ which ties thera." Under the designation of "Warrington Worthies" I offer to my friends a collection of Profiles of such distinguished characters, fmore especially in tlie department of literature,) as by their birtli or prolonged residence at Waniugton, have become more or less identilied mth the history of the to\Tn. Tlie accomplishment of this end has been attended mth no slight amount of trouble and ditficulty; sufficient, indeed, to con-since me that the lapse of another twenty years would haye rendered impossible a work of which I now view the completion with feelings of equal pride and pleasure. The few biographical notes which follow are too sliort and circumstan- tial to call for any lengthened preUminary. I wish them to be regarded as mere accessaries to the portraits, serving only as a string to Unci them together, and to connect the whole, however inadequately, «ith the history of my native town. JAJiIES KENDEICK. Warrington Worthies. "NCTON ACftO* '~AM,;cTo~ "•*' JOHN AIKIN.D. 0. A.L.AIKIN, fjvl''-^ Sarhauld] JOHN AIKIN M.D. ARTHUR AIKIN LUCY AIKIN. CHARLeS F>. »KIN, WARRINGTON WORTHIES. JOHN AlKIN, D. D, Bom at London, Dec. 28, 1713. Au eminent dissenting dinne, who shortly after the opening, in the year IT.jT, of the TVarrington Academy for the education of young men of every religious denomination for the Christian ministry, or as laymen, was selected by the tiaistees to fill the office of classical tutor. On the death of Dr. John Taylor, in the spring of 1701 , Dr. Aikin succeeded to the chair of divinity professor, which lie occupied until his death at WaiTington, Dec. 14, 1780. ANNA L>ET1TIA AIKIN. (Sirs. Barbauld.) Bom at luhworth, Leicestershire, June 20, 174.3. The wellinOTV'n authoress of ' Hymns in Prose'; 'Early Lessons,' Sec. Resident at Wai-riugton from 1758 to 1774, in which year she mai'ried the Eev. Eochemont Bai-hauld, of Palgrave, SutfoUi. She died at Stolie Newington, near Loudon, Mar. 9, 182-5. JOHN AIKIN, M. D. Also born at Eibworth, Jan. l.o, 1747. The elegant poet, and author of ' A Description of tlie Country Thirty to Forty Miles round Manchester;' 'General Biography;' 'Evenings at Home;' ' Letters to a Son,' ifec. Dr.Aildn was a resident practitioner atWaiTington from 1771 to 1784, dming a part of the time lecturing on Natm-al History at the Academy. He died at Stoke Nemngton, Dec. 7, 1822. ARTHUR AIKIN, F. L. S.; F. C. S. ETC. Born at "Warrington, May 19,1773. Author of a 'Manual of Mineralogy;' ' A Tour through North Wales and Shropshne ; ' and (in conjunction mth his brother Charles E. Aikin,) ' A Dictionary of Chemistry and Mineralogy'. Mr. Ailiin was for many years Secretary to the Society of Arts, and Lecturer on Chemistry at Guy's Hospital, which ofiice he resigned when ai^proaching his eightietli year. He now resides in Bloorasbury Square, Loudon. LUCY AIKIN. Born at Wamngtou, in the year 17sl. The accom- lilished authoress ot ' Memoirs ' of her fatlier iJr. Aikin ; ' Memoirs of tlie Courts of Queen Elizabeth, James 1st, and Charles 1st,' &c. She also edited the works of her aunt, Mrs. Barhaitld, with a niemou' prefixed. Miss Aikin now resides at Hampstead, near London. CHARLES ROCHEmONT AIKIN, IVI. R. C.S. Born at Warrington, Aug. 25, 17 7.5. Became a general practitioner in London. The joint author, as already stated, of a ' Dictionary of Chemistry and Mineralogy.' He married .4)me, eldest daughter of the Rev. Gilhert Wakefield, and died in Bloomshury Square, London, Mar-. 20, 1H47. EDMUND AIKIN. {No profile knoicn.) Bom at WaiTington, Oct. 2, 1780. Author of several articles in the class of Ci^ol Architecture in Dr. Kees's Encyelopfedia, and of an Essay on Modem Architectm-e, and on the Doric Order in the Transactions of the London Architecttrral Society. Also 'Designs for Villas;' and an 'Essay on St. Paul's Catheckal.' Sir. Ailiin settled at Liverpool, and was the architect of the Wellington Assembly Kooms, Mount Pleasant. He died at the house of his father, at Stoke Neflington, Mar. 11, 1820. THOMAS BARNES, D. D. Born at Warrington, Feb. 13, 1747. For many years an eminent dissenting minister at Cross Street Chapel, Man- chester. He was one of the founders of the Literary and Philosophical Society of that city, and on the removal of the Academy from Warrington to Manchester in 1783, was appointed principal, an office which he held until the year 1798. Dr. Barnes died at Manchester, .June 27, 1810. THOMAS BYRTH. D. D. ; F. S. A. Born at Devonport, Sept. 11, 17f)3. A learned and eloquent diWne of the Church of England. Incumbent of St. James's, Warrington, from 1827 to 1834, when he accepted the living of Wallasey, Clieshu-e. He died at Wallasey, Oct. 28, 1849. ANNE BLACKBURNE. Born at Orford Hall, Warrington, in the year 1740. An enthusiastic natiu-ahst ; the friend and correspondent of Linnasus, who named after her one of the American Warblers, (Sylvia Blacklmrnicc.) John Reinhnld Forster, the circumna-sigator, also named in her honour a gemis of New Holland plants, {Blackharnia.) After a long and useful life she died at her house, Fan-field, Warrington, Dec. 30, 1793. GEORGE CROSFIELD. Born at Warrington, May 2fi, n8.">. A much esteemed member of the Society of Friends. Fiesident at Warrington Warrington Worthies. N?2. B-T. WILLIAM ENFIELO,LL.D. WILLIAM EYRES. J.Ktndrirtt dirtxit. JOHN FITCHETT. Warrincton Worthies. N? 3. F— K. SAMUEL FOTHtRCILL. lifo portrait krtownj JOHN REINHOUD FORSTER. T. K.CLAZEBROOK. PENOLEBURY HOUGHTON. JOHN HOLT. JOHN HARRISON. JOHN JACKSON. J.Kandrick dir«3rir until the year l.slo, wlieii lie removed to Lancaster, and in 1K19 to Liveiiiool. A clever and observing botanist, antlior of the ' Calendar of Flora for the year 180!l ; ' ' Memoirs of Samuel FotherpjiU ; ' and editor of ' \Villiam Thompson's Letters,' with a memoir prefixed. BIr. Crosfield died at Liverpool, Dee. 15, lSi7. NICHOLAS CLAYTON, D. D. Born at Enfield Old Park, Middlesex, in the year 173:-). A highly-gifted Presbyterian divine, minister of the Octagon Chapel, Li"\'erpool. On the death of Dr. Aikin in 1780, Dr. Clajton was appointed divinity professor in the Warrington Academy, but his connection with it ceased on its removal to Manchester. He afterwards ministered at Nottingham, and the last two years of his life were spent at Livei'pool, where he died May 20, 1797. GILES CHIPPINDALL. Born at Ulverstone, Lancashire, in the year 1750. Curate of Winwick, near Waiiington. Mr. ChippindaU was one of the earhest promoters of the Warrington Institution, a Society estaljhshed in the year 1813 for the ctiltivation of Science, Literatiu'e, and the Arts, and so long as it lasted was one of its Vice-Presidents. He died at Winwick, Oct. 10, 1823. WILLIAM ENFIELD. L L. D- Bom at Sudbury, Suffolk, Mar. 20, 1741. The well-known compiler of 'The Speaker,' and author of the 'History of Liverpool;' many volumes of 'Sermons,' and other works on elocution. In 1770 he was elected tutor in bclks icttrvs, and rector academice at the Warrington Academy, in which and other lectureships he continued until its removal in 178o, he himself remaining for two years longer at Warrington, in charge of the Presbyterian congregation. Dr. Enfield died at Norwich, Nov. 3, 1707. WILLIAM EYRES. Born at Warrington early in 1734. One of the best printers of his day, not excepting the metropolitan press. As specimens of the beautiful tj^iography which issued from the Warrington Press, whilst under his management, we have Dr. Aikin's ' Translation of the life of Agricola, byTacitus, 1774 ; ' ' Howard's state of Prisons in England, 1777 ;' and on 'Lazarettos, 1780;' and Watson's 'History of the House of Warren, 1782 ; ' the last of which is designated by Gilbert Wakefield as "perhaps the most acctnate specimen of typography ever produced by any press." Mr. Eyres died at Warrington, Sept. 14, 1809. JOHN FITCHETT. Born at Liveiiiool, Sept. 21, 1770. Author of 'King .Alfred, an Epic Poem;' 'Bewsey, a Poem;' and a volume of ' Minor roems.' Mr. Fitchett followed the professiou of a soHcitor at Warrington, and in the leisure inter\'als of a very extensive practice found opportunities of cultivating his taste for elegant literature. Before his death he liad accumulated a classic library, which as tlie work of a private indi^udual is unsurpassed in the North of England. It is particularly rich in works on English History and Poetry, more especially illustrative of the poets of the EHzabethan age. He died at Warrington, Oct. 'JO, 1838. JOHN REINHOLD FORSTER, L L. D. A Prussian, horn at Dirschau, near Dantzic, Dec. iC!, 1729. A celelirated naturalist and i'ircnmna\igator. For several years he filled the chairs of natural histonj and modern languages in the Warrington Academy, and dm-ing this period enjoyed the friendship of 3Iiss Anne BlackhHrne of Orford, near Warrington. In her honour he named a genus of New Holland plants Blacklmrnia, discovered on Ills voyage roimd the world with Captain Cook in 177'J-71. He tiled at Halle, in December, 1708. SAMUEL FOTHERCILI.. Born at Can- End, Wensleydale, Yorkshire, Sept. U, 171"!. A faithful and highly-gifted minister in the Society of Friends. He appears to have become a resident at W^arrington at the close of the year 173(j, and with the exception of occasions upon which his duties as a minister called for his absence, he remained here until his deatli. His Memoirs, and Selections from his Correspondence were pubhshed by George Crosfield in 1843. Mr. Fothergill died at Warrington, .lune 15, 1772. THOMAS KIRKLAND CLAZESROOK, F. L. S. Born at Ashby de la Zouch, Leicestershire, .June 4, 17sn. Author of a ' History of Southport, Lancashire;' 'Lissa;' 'A Chronological List of Trades,' etc. ttc. Mr. Glazebrook was resident at Wai'ihigton until the year 1835. Here his social qualifications, and general usefulness in aid of the public institutions of the town have secured hiin the afi'ectionate regard of all who Imow him. He now resides at Southport. PENDLEBURY HOUCHTON. Born at Hyde, near Stockport, Cheshire, in the year 1758. Author of a volume of 'Sermons' and 'Essays on the Natural Arguments for a Future state.' He became a student at the Warrington Academy in Sept. 1773, and in 1778 assisted J>r. Aikinva the classical professorship. Mr. Houghton subsequently became a very poimlar minister at Norwich, as the colleague of Dr. Enfield, and aftenvai'ds at Liverpool. He died at Geldestone, Suft'olk, Apr. 3, 1824. Warrington Worthies. N«4.. L-S. PETER 1.1TH6RLANO. EDWARD LLOYD M JOHN MACOWAKI. THOMAS (>ERC(VAL, M.D. JOSEPH PRIESTLEY, LL.O. johN RV.^«i.:5., i/\uM «5PnnoN. JOHN HOLT. Place and date of birth unascertained. An eminent mathematician. At the commencement of the Warrington Academy in 1757, Mr. Holt then of Walton, near Liverpool, was elected to the chairs of mathematics and natural philosophy. The former of these professorships he held until his death, which took place at Warrington in the early part of the year- 7 772. JOHN HARRISON. Bom at Fouldby, Yorkshire, in May, 100.). An ingenious mechanic, by trade a watchmaker, for some years resident at Warrington. He was the inventor of the compensating pendulum, and in 1767 received twenty thousand pounds from the government, for a method of discovering the longitude more accurately than had been previously kno%vn. Plence he was often designated " Longitude Harrison." He died in Red Lion Square, London, in March, 1770. JOHN JACKSON. Born at Crosedale Beck, Yorkshire, Dec. 4, 1793. A much respected member of the Society of Friends. Author of ' Puzzles and Paradoxes relating to Arithmetic, Geometry, Geography, etc. -nith their Solutions ; ' and a frequent contributor on these subjects to the 'Gentlemen's and Ladies' Diary', where his solutions of many very abstruse calculations have shewn him to be a clever mathematician. Mr. .Jackson opened a seminary at Warrington in the year- 1821, which he conducted until recently, and has retired to a hfe of quiet repose mth the affectionate regard of his many pupils and friends. JOHN KAY. Born at " The Park," near Bury, Lancashire. About the middle of the last century he was resident as a watchmaker at Warrington, and is here believed to have suggested to Mr. (afterwards Su- Bichard) Arkwright, in 1767, the use of the fly-shuttle in the weaving of cotton fabrics. Meeting wdth much undeserved opposition in ihis country, he emigrated to Paris, and is supposed to have died there. JAMES KENDRICK, M. D.; F. L. S. Born at War-rington, .Tan. 14, 1771. Dr. Kenchick commenced the practice of medicine at Warrington at the close of the year 1793, and throughout a life prolonged to the period of seventy-six years and upwards, was unceasing in endeavours to alleviate human suffering, and to promote the interests of every charitable and scien- tific institution in his native town. He died at Warriirgton, Nov. 30, 1847. PETER LITHERLAND. Born at WaiTington in 17.56. Inventor of the Patent Lever Watch. Mr. Litherland cai-ried on the business of a watch- maker at Wiiniii^tou until the ymir n'.lll, wlicii In' roinuveil to Li\ei|]uMl, where he died in the luuutli of Deeeiubei', 1«(U. EDWARD LLOYD. A. M. Born at Glynljivichan, Montgomeiysliire, in the _year ITfiO. A mucli esteemed clergjTiian of the Chiirch of England ; a learned and accomplished classic. iMr. Lloj-d was for forty-two years perpetual curate of Sankey, near Warrington, and tor a length of time Second-Master at the Free Grammar-School of Wamngton, founded by the will of Sir Thomas Boteler, of Bewsey, in the year 1522. On surrendering the latter office, Mr. Lloyd opened a private academy at Fairfield, the late residence of Miss Anne Blackhnrne, tor the education of youths of a liigher class. He ched Dec. 23, 1x1,3. JOHN MACCOWAN. Born in Scotland, hi the year 1725. A well- known Baptist minister ; author of ' Dialogues of De^ils ; ' ' The Shaver ; ' ' The Canker-Woi-m ; ' ifec. He was for some years resident at Warrington, carrying on the business of a baker, and likewise officiating at the ancient chapel of the Baptists at Hill-Glilf, near Warrington. Eventually he was appointed minister of Devonshire Scjuare Chapel, London, where he died Nov. 25, 17!S0. JOSHUA KIARSDEM. ]!orn at Warrington in tlie year 1777. A Wesleyan preacher and missionary ; author of ' The Narrative of a Mission to British North America;' 'The Evangehcal Minstrel,' &c. On his return to England in 1814, from his mission abroad, he acted as a local preacher until a short time before his death, wiiich took place at Loudon, Aug. U, 1H37. ED'WARD OWEN, A. SW. Bom in Montgomeryshire, about tlie year 1727. For forty years Rector of Warrington, and for fifty years Head-Master of the Free Grammar School there. Author of a ' Latin Grammar,' and ' Vocabulary,' ' Translations of the Satires of .Juvenal, Persius, and Statius,' and several printed ' Sermons.' Gilbert Wakefield in liis personal ' Memoirs' says " tor propriety, persj)icuity, and elegance of expression, Mr. Owen has not many equals, at a time when good writing is become so general." He died at Warrington, in April, 1807. THOMAS PERCiVAL, M.D.; F. R. S. ; F. S. A. Bom at Wani]igton, Sept. 2'J, 1740. An eminent physician, moral essayist, and philosopher. Author of 'AFatlier's Instructions to his Cljildren ; ' 'Medical Ethics;' &c. In 1707 Dr. Percival commenced practice in Manchester, and at the Warrington Worthies. N? 5. T-Y. JOHN TAYLOR, D-D. GEORGE WALKER. JOHN WATKINS. CILSERT WAKEFIELD, 9,A. WILLIAM WILSON. J. Ifer7jri'£:Ar i^irex-t't. 9 meetings for scientific enquiry wliieli took place at liis house, originated the Literary and I'liilosophical Society of tliat city, of wliicU lie continued President for twenty years. Ho died at iUaucliester, Aug. ifO, 1K()4. JOSEPH PRIESTLEY, L L. D.; F. R. S. Corn at Fieldhead, near Leeds, Yorkshire, Mar. IN, f 73:>. An eminent natural jilulosoplier, chemist, and Presbyterian ilixine. Author of a 'History of Electricity;' ' Cliart of Histor}',' L^'c. He is also famous as the discoyerer of oxygen, carljonic oxide, nitrous oxide, and other gases not previously known, shewing also their influence in the phenomena of animal and vegetahle life. Br. Priestley came to Warrington in 1761 as tutor in classics and jjoiite literature at the Acadeni)', and remauied here six years, tearing in Sept., 17(i7. Some of Mrs. Ilarljauld's first poems were written in his house, on occasions wdiich occurred wdiUst they were both resident at Warrington. In 17114 I)r. Priestley emigrated to America, and died at Northuuibeiiand, Pennsylvania, Feb. 6, ISOl. JOHN RYLANDS. Bom at Warrington, .Jan. SI, 1771. A strenuous and consistent advocate of liberal opinions, but equally respected by his fellow-townsmen of every political pai'ty. Always ready to lend aid to the local government and public institutions of Warringtim, he will be long remembered as one of the first projectors of its Dispensary, as the zealous supporter, and chairman of its committee for many years. He died at Warrington, Aug. 23, 1818. JOHN SEDDON. Born Dec. 8, 1724. Author of "A Form of Prayer, and a new Collection of Psalms, for the use of I'rotestaut Dissenters in Liverpool." Mr. Seddon in 1747 became the pastor of the Presbyterian congregation in Warrington, and was the original projector o{ the Academy. He was liliewise the first president of the Warrington Library, established in 1758, which, on its union mth the Museum of the Natural History Society, (commenced Nov. 23, 1838,) was the Jirst Free Library and Tiluseum thrown open to the public in this country, under the Act 8 and 9 Vic. c. 43. Mr. Seddon died at Warrington, .Tan. 22, 177ti. JOHN TAYLOR, D. D. Bom at Lancaster, in the year 1C94. A dis- senting dirine, tlieologieal writer, and celebrated classical scholar. Author of ' A Pai-aphrase to the Epistle to the Eomans ; ' 'A Key to the Apostolic Writings ; ' ' Scripture Doctrine of Original Sin ; ' ' Scripture Doctrine of the Atonement ; ' ' A Hebrew Concordance,' i'C. At the opening of the Warrington Academy, Dr. Taylor, then of Nonrich, was selected to liE the 10 cliair of divinif}/, including Uie classics : liis connection with tiie institution w:ls, hnwever, cut short liy his ilcatli, which tooli jilace Mar. 5, 1701. WILLIAM THOMPSON. Horn at I\Iacclestiehl, Cliesliire, Jan. 2C, i;!)i. Of very liumble origin, WiUiam Tliomiison was aiiled and en- eourae:od hy gentlemen of Warrington and its neighbourhood to piu'sue his desire for hterary and religious knowledge. By their influence he was also e\'entually estahlisheil as a village schoolmaster at Penketh, near Warring- ton. A selectii^n from his beautiful letters, and accorapan}ing memoir by George Crosfield, was published after his death. He died at renketh, Feb. ;), 1817. CEORCE WALKER, F. R. S. Born at NewTastle-upon-Tyne, about the year 1735. Author of a 'Treatise on the Sphere;' and another on ' Conic Sections ; ' ' Pliilosophical Essays,' etc. Mr. Walker was tutor of miithematlcs in the Warrington Academy from 177'J to 1774 ; removed thence t'] Nottingham, and suljsequently to Manchester, as theological professor in the New College for dissenters. On the decease of -Dr. Perclval, Mr. Walker succeeded him as president of the Mancliester Literary and Pliilosophical Society. He died at London, Apr. '-21, 1S07. GILBERT WAKEFIELD, B, A. Born at Nottingham, Feb. 'J'2, 175(1. An accomphshed classical scholar, critic, and commentator. Author of •A New Translation of the First Epistle to the Thessalonians,' and of the ' Gospel of St. Matthew ; ' of an edition of ' Lucretius, with Variorum Notes;' ' Silva Critica;' &(•. Mr. Wakefield came to reside at Wamngton in August, 1779, a?, classical tutor at the Academy, and remained here until its close in 1783. After an eventful hfe he died at London, Sept. 9, 1801. JOHN WATKINS. Born at Warrington. " Honest John Watldns " was for many years engaged in the business of smelting copper from the ore at Warrington, and thereby, in connection with the industry of his father, accjuired a fortune which enabled him, besides munificent benefac- tions during his hfe-time to the Warrington Blue Coat School, and Ladies' School for Gu'ls,' to endow them at his death with pemiancnt som'ces of income. He died at Ditton, near Warrington, Apr. 25, 1821, aged 81 years. WILLIAM WILSON. Born at Wariington, June 7, 1T99. A botanist, well known for minuteness and aecm-acy, more particularly in the micros- copic examination of the cryptogamlc flora. Jlr. Wilson is the discoverer of several species new to Britain, and his claims to distinction as a botanist 11 have been recognize J by Sir William 3. Hoolcer in naming after Lini a Fern ( Hymenophyllirm Wilsoni); by Mr. Borrer a Rose (Eosa Wilsoni) ; and a Fungus (Sepedonimn Wilsoni), hy Mr. Thomas G. Rylands. Mr. Wilson named and classified the Mosses for Dr. Joseph Hooker's 'FL.ra uf the .-Vntarctic Regions,' and is engaged, in connection with Sir W. .1. Hoo];er, in pulilishiug a work on tlie ' Britisli Mosses.' JOHN YATES. Bom at Bolton, Lancashire, Nov. 10, 1T5.J. Autiu.r of ' A Selection of Hymns for PubUc Worship ; ' ' A Sermon o)i the ileiith of the Rev. Thomas Barnes, D. D." &c. &e. Mr. Yates in 1777 was appointed minister of Key Street Chapel, Liverpool, remo\ing tli(.aice, together with his congregation, to their new place of worsliip in I'aj-adi^e Street. He died at his residence at the Dingle, near Livei-pool, >'ov. Id, is-jc. IT.INir.D AND SOLD r,Y JOHN HAI'DOCK AN O SuN, AT THE '• OLD W.AEraNGTON PEESS." 7 EE MARKS HAKESPEARE, BIRTH-PLACE, SUGGESTED BY A VISIT TO STRATPORD- upojsr-AA^o:?^, in the autumn of i.sgs. C. ROACH SMITH, Hoii.M.E.S.L, IIO\. M.NU1I.S0C.LI.IN., FOREIGN IMKMrilsR OF THE INSTITUT DES PliUVINCES PE FRANCE, EXr. LONDON' : PRIVATELY PRINTED; AND NOT PUBLISHED. 18(18-9. u STEATFORD-UPON-AVON AND SHAKESPEARE. A VISIT to the town iu whicli our great bard was born ; in which, he passed his early youth ; and in which lie died ; is projected, at least, by all of his countrymen who have been so fortunate as to receive an education to qualify them to understand and master his wonderful works. Many succeed in ]Derforming this rational pilgrimage, as the walls of his birth- place and of Anne Hathaway's cottage testify ; for they are covered with thousands upon thousands of signatures of noble as well as gentle, of eminent as well as of obscure, regardless alike of the questionable good taste of their scribbling, and of the perishable material. More durable will be the records in the books which have been kept at the chief inns now for many years. They fill rapidly; and dis- close the remarkable fact that full one-third of the signa- tures seem to be American, an auspicious sign of com- munity of feeling created by the humanising writings of the Stratford-born poet. " You cannot imagine", said an American lady to us, "how much we think of Shakespeare." From the obscurity in which his life is shrouded, the coeval remains of Stratfoi'd-on-Avon have far greater im- portance than they would have jjossessed had Shakespeare received from his contemporaries notice such as has so fre- quently been lavished on inferior men. We cannot look upon him through biographers, through correspondence, or B .: STEATFORD-UPOX-AVOy through au}' of the channuls whicli, at the present day^ secure immortality to tliousamls ; but we may, iii the sti'cets of Stratford, and in the highways and Ijyc-ways of the neighboui'hood, in the fields, meadows, and villages, see ol)jects which must constantly have been befn-e his eyes, the impress of many of which is reflected most vividly through- out all his works. Documentary evidence and tradition combine to vindicate the house in Henley Street as his birthplace ; for although John Shakespeare, his father, had other houses in and about Stratford, yefc tlie honour has never been claimed for any other ; and it is pretty certain he lived in Henley Street about the time of the Poet's birth. Here we maj^ safely trust to tradition. The Poet, in his lifetime, must have had some friends and neighbours who were proud of him ; who knew his history, and who had been his companions ; to them, no doubt, were well known all the particulars of his early life, and among them the house in which he was bora. At his death many persons were jDrobaljly living who could j)rove it ; and for a long time aftervvards could point it out from their personal knowledge. At his death there was nothing so likely to be at once embalmed as his bir'th-pLice; and nothing less likely to be allowed to be misplaced. New Place, where he died, has recently received from the pen of Mr. Halliwell a minute historical description, comprised in two hundi-ed and forty-six folio pages.* It was purchased by Shakespeare some twenty years before his death ; and to this spacious house with its gardens and grounds, he retired in what may be termed the prime of life. The house, alas ! is no more ; and no authentic engravings remain of it, if any * An Historical Account of the Xe\^• Phice, Stratford-unoir- Avon. By .Jamrs 0. Halhwelj, E.sq,, F.lf.S. Folio, London, Adlard, l^CL AND SHAKESPEAEL. o wx-re ever niado : bat tlie site i.s unfj^nestioned ; and 3.1r. Halliwellj who has hecome the Guardian Genius of all that is left to us eonnected %vith the personal life of Shakespearej has eaused to be preserved what was left of the foundations of tlie house ; and to his strenuous exeitions we mainly owe the pui'ohase for the joublic of the Poet's great garden. In it stands a modern theatre whieh is yet private pjroperty ; this it is contemplated to Ijuy and pull doAvn ; but surely there is no necessity for destroying a structure wliichj properly managed, could be made useful for instructing the Sti'atford public in a fuller knowdedge of the works of their great townsman. One such theatre should be i-aised in every town in the kingdom ; but that upon ground which was once the Poet's ; and which is hallowed by the fact that he there recreated his health and spjirits in the intervals he could spjare from a wearying London life, must hold a charm and pireeminence over all others. Shakespeare was also an actor ; and his merits as an actor have Ijeen Cjuestioned appjarently without much reflection. Ilis name stands first among the actors in Ben Jonson's pjlays of ""Every man in his Humour", and " Sejanus "j and he who could lay down .such rules for truly good acting as he has done in " Hamlet", must himself, we may suppose, have been practically, as well as theoretically^ accomplished. In his History of the New Place, Mr. Halliwell has brought together a very lai'ge amount of hitherto unpub- lished documentary evidence, illustrative, not only of ISTew Place and its vicissitudes, I'jut of the habits and manners of the pjeople of Stratford ; and the state of the town in and after the time of Shakespeare ; but the darkness whieh has surrounded the great object of his researches is almost as dense as ever ; still the historian toils on with unflao-Ping industry and unfailing hope, not despairing of yet finding in some old chest or long locked cupboard in ■1 STrtATFOED-UrON-ATON some old manor house, corvcspondence or otlier documents which, may in a slight degree fill the present void. Among the most interestino- materials which Mr. Ilalliwell has broug'ht together are those which show the condition of Sti-atfovd in the time of Shakespeare ; and the sound in- ferences ho draws from them to account for his almost sudden death. Ward, who wrote in 1 G62, says, — " Shakspear, Drayton, and Ben Jhonson had a merry meeting, and, it seems, drank too hard, for Shakspear died of a feavour there contracted." That he died of a fever is highly ijrobable; but Mr. Halliwell, after patiently weighing AVard^s state- ment and ti'aditions, concludes that in all human probability he died of typhoid fever, arising from the bad drainage of the town, and the neglected state of Chapel Lane which flanked New Place. The filthy condition of this lane for a long series of j^ears is proved by the town archives, from which Mr. Halliwell extracts numerous startling revelations ; and this view is confirmed by the cast taken after death, which shows the countenance unemaeiated, as it would have been after a short illness. Stratford has only during the present century, and, indeed, of late years, put on the garb of modei'n cleanliness in which she now appears, at the sacrifice of much that v/as picturesque and Shakespearean. Even at the time of the Jubilee it drew from Garrick, in a letter to Mr. Hunt, (the grandfather of the present Town Clerk), a strong remonstrance. He speaks of it as "the most dirty, unseemly, ill-paved, wretched-looking town in all Britain." But tliere are yet standing houses of the time of Shakes- peare ; and, above all, the Grammar School in which he was educated ; the Chapel of the Trinity, opposite New Place ; and the Church close to the Avon, in which he was buried. All these may be considered as pure and fine relics of Shake- speare and his times, free from all doubt. Of minor objects AND SHAKESrEAKTJ!. O there arc many varieties : some are old enough, but they want certificates or connecting links. Of the few wMch may be said to have belonged to him, the most remarkable, perhaps, is the squai-o of glass from New Place, with the letters S. W. A., for William and Ann »Shakespeare, tied in "a true lover's knot," and the date, 1G15, beneath. This was first published by Mr. Fairholt in kis excellent little guide-book.* The mnlberi-y ti'ee which grew in the garden of New Place, and was cut down in about 1756, has been turned into a variety of ornaments and utensils. Mr. Hunt possesses a superb circular table, the upper part of which is formed out of veneers made from one of the smaller branches, blended together with good taste and skill. Some of these objects have a history of their own, independent of their special connection with Shakespeare. Such was the cup presented during our visit, by Mr. Joseph Mayer, to the Shakespearean Museum. Upon the pedestal is inscribed : '^'•Cup made from Shakespeare's Mulberry Tree By Sharpe of Stratford-upon-Avon. Formerly in possession of Mr. Munden, and used at the meetings of ' The Rebellious Seven' to drink to The Immortal Memory of Shakespeare." and on a silver band round the rim : " And that I love the tree from whence thou sprangest, Witness the loving kiss I give the fruit." I-Ieimj n, Part 3, Act V, Scene 7. The " rebellious seven" were, I believe, some of Garrick's dramatic corps who resented the curtailment of certain privi- leges. This museum, which has been established mainly * The Home of Shakspevo Illustrated aud Described. By F. W. Fairholt. Cliapmau and Hull, b'^-1.7. D STEATFOEIl-Ul'OX-AVON tlirongli tlic exertious of ilr. Halliwell^ contains a valuaLle collection of documents and other objects whicli, altliougii tliey do but scantily relate directly to Shakespeare himself, give considerable information on the property of the family; and are yet more important as regards the history of Strat- ford in the time of the Poet. One letter onl^r remains of the thousands he must have received ; and of the hundreds he proljably laid by for I'eh'reuce, or fi'om i-espect for the writers ; and this is preserved in the museum. It is from one of the Quinej? famil}' asking for a loan of money, dated from the ''Bell," in Carter Lane, the 25th Oct., 1598, and signed " Eye. Quyney." It is endorsed, " To my loveinge good ffrende and eontrejmian Mi'. Wm. Shakespere, deliver thees j" and was, no doubt, sent by a messenger to Shake- speare's residence. Where that was does not appear, but probably, near the Wardrobe, Blackfriars, Avhere he had a house. We may owe the safety of this solitary letter to the fact of its being a sort of proof of a debt ; and thus retained by his family after his death. But what became of the rest of his correspondence? It is neither unreasonable nor un- charitable to suppose it was destroyed by some puritanical member of the family, who could not understand the great moral and religious worth of the writings of such a teacher; but saw, through a narrow-minded medium, only the player and the writer of plays, as Puritans have ever seen. Anne Hathawaj-'s cottage divides with her husband's birth- place the homage of the visitor. To credulity, once so un- bounded, has succeeded scepticism ; often as unsound, as, happily, it is proved to have been in relation to the history of this cottage. The house has been in the possession of the Hathaways for over throe centuries ; and even now a descendant, in the female line, is tenant. It was repaired in 1697 by John Hathaway; but much remains as it ivas w^hen Shakespeare visited it to woo Anne, wdioin he married wdieii AND SilAKESPEAlIb;. / very young. Tlie village of Shotteryj a hamlet of Stratford, is, altogether, much the same as it must have been at that sunny time in the Poet's life when, after the exit of the school-boy, he trod the stage of the world as the lover. And the fields through which the footpath leads, the hedges, the stiles, and the general aspect of the place are, perhaps, now, much the same as they were three centuries ago. Here the fumitory thrives rantly conspicuous among " Tho iJle weeds that grow In our sustaining corn ;" and also the "hind'iins- knot-g-i-ass." Those who have read Shakespeare and studied liim chiefly in the depths of Ms tnowlcdgo of human life in all its grades and stages, may yet learn much from him in the fields, in the meadows, and, indeed, in the general kingdom of nature. Here he is so much at home that wo can bat be assured his boyhood and early youth were passed much, if not wliollj", in the country; and that his acute powers of observation wei'e strongly exercised among rural scenery and country pursuits. Not a weed or flower escaped him : the labours of the husbandman, the business of the gardener, and even the scientific manipulations of the horticulturist were all familiar to him. The "fumitory" we noticed in our walks to Shottery, could but recal his ready and apt enumeration of the wild flowers plucked by Lear when he was " Crown'd with rank fumitei', and furrow weeds, With harlocks, hemlock, nettles, cuckoo-flowers, Darnel, and all the idle weeds that grow In our sustaining corn ;" and, as we strolled back to Stratford by another road which Shakespeare must have walked frequently, wo could but imao-ino that the Lemiuc minor, or " duckweed" which we saw covering a lai'ge portion of a pond near a farm-house, was the offspring nf thnt which dictated "the green mantle O STRATPORD-UPON AVON of tlie standing pool/' the luawliolesome bovorage lie makes Edgar say he drank. The poud^ apparently, is centuries older than his time : the duckweed must have covered it annually, and it was, probably, one of the objects which, thousands passing by and regarding not, was stored in his capacious memory, and used so happily in proper time and place. By the side of this old pond, a ' hedge-pig,' (one of the creatures Shakespeare introduces so effectively,) had come to grief. These are matters which could only have occurred to a country-trained writer. The crab, or wild apple-tree, is one of the striking features in the scenery round Stratford-upon-Avon. This tree, what- ever it may have been formerly, is by no means common now in many parts of England ; and when usually met with is in hedgerows ; but here we find it also in the fields and parks, a large forest tree. On approaching Stratford the crab-trees were conspicuous, with bushels of fruit lying beneath them. The crab is constantly mentioned by Shake- speare ; as, for example, by way of simile, " She's as like this as a crab is like an apple" ; and " She vrill taste like this as a crab does to a crab "; also as an emblem of winter in the escjuisitely charming song which closes " Love's Labour's Lost"; "When roasted crabs hiss in the bowl :" a song replete with rural imagery and jaastoral life. In our rambles we learned that crab ajDples roasted, are yet a common Christmas dish in the neighbourhood of Stratford. The beau- tiful and extensive meadow scenery through which the Avon flows is doubtless the source of numerous allusions in our poet's writings, as in that portion of the above-mentioned song assigned to Spring : " When daisies pied, and violets blue, And lady-smocks all silver-white, And cuckoo-buds of yellow hue, Do paint the meadows with delight." AND SRATCESPEAKE. 9 Tlie tradition relating to the mulberry tree is not ■weakened by tlie abnndant evidence Shakespeare's writings afford of his knowledge of horticulture, from which it may- be concluded that ho himself was attached to p'ardenino- ; and was, most probably, practically a gardener. Relieved from the toil and exhausting effects of a London life, he conld scarcely avoid, with the favourable appliances at his command, engaging warmly in a study and amusement so intellectual, and for which it is obvious he had ever a strong- inclination. They who have supposed that Shakespeare had little knowledge of gardening, have failed to see or under- stand the proofs to the contrarjr. No one who had not studied the science of horticulture, could have written as he does in " The Winter's Tale" : " You see, sweet maid, we raarry A gentle scion to the wildest stock ; And make conceive a bark of baser kind B}' bud of nobler race : this is an art Which does mend nature : changes it rather; but The art is nature." And, in " Richard II ": " Oh ! what pity is it, That he had not so trimm'd and dressed his land. As we this garden ! We at time of year Do wound the bark, the skin of our fruit-trees ; Lest, being over-pi'oud with sap and blood. With too much riches it confounds itself." * * =A= * " All superfluous branches We lop awaj^, that bearing boughs may bve." The whole vegetable kingdom seems also to have been searched by him with attentive eye and reflective thought ; so that although similes, metaphors, and allusions to jjlants and herbs are occurring throughout his works, they are almost, if not wholh', strikingly correct and appropriate. Why, it 10 STUATI'TjUD-UPOX-AVOX m;iy be askoil, ilid he give " sweet marjoram" as the pass- word with Lear and Edgar, near Hover ? Tliero nnght have l)ecii no speeial reason ; and its use on this occasion is not rendered more fit and proper hy the canse ; bnt Miss Pratt, the well-lvnown writer on our native wild flowers, tells me she believes that this pass-word was suggested to Shake- speare by the sweet marjoram, which formerly grew in im- mense quantity upon the heights between Folkestone and Dover. That he had visited this locality, no one who is acquainted witli it, and has read " King Lear," can possibly doubt. And, therefore^ Miss Pratt's explanation is probaljly correct. One of the most remarkable traditions respecting iShake- speare, is that relating to his having, in early life, been brought before Sir Thomas Lucy, for stealing deer from Charlecoto Park. This tradition was jjrctty generally ac- cepted, in all its details and consequences, for truth, until the criticising judgment of recent times rejected it, if not wholly, at least in part. But may there not be some truth in the story without at all dimming the glory of the poet ; and without fixing on Sir Thomas Lucy the shadow of reproach ? I can well believe that in some hour of youthful excitement he may have trespassed, either alone or with wild com- panions, beyond bounds, in pursuit of game ; have been ap- prehended by the keepers, and Ijrought before Sir Thomas Lucy, as the nearest magistrate. He may even have been arrested by mistake ; and have stood before the judgment- seat of Sir Thomas. Prominent throughout his works is evidence of his knowledge of all kinds of field sports, such as hunting, falconry, fishing ; and even ferreting of rabbits. It is very jjrobable that he himself was attached to these amusements before he entered seriously upon the grand ob- ject of his life ; that on some occasion he stood charged before Sir 'J^homas Lucy ; and the scurrilous verses imputed AND SIIiKESPEARK. 1 1 to liim, aro just such as a highly sensitive youtli, as Shakespeave must have beeu, might have written Avheu deeply incensed. Had he gone to his grave like his fellow- townsmen^ such an incident would have been forgotten ; but when he rose to eminence ; and when, after his death, he became a frequent theme of conversation, incidents of early life would naturally bo seized upon ; and as generation after generation told the tales, proneness to exaggeration added something from time to time, and disguised the simple original facts. Charlecote is an agreeable walk from Stratford : both the mansion, and the fine monuments of the Lucy family in the church, are of much interest. The house was built in 1558 ; and having joreservcd most of its original features, the visitor sees it much as Shakespeare saw it. The Mayor of Stratford (Dr. Kingsley) having announced his intention to celebrate, in 18G9, the centenary of the visit of Garrick, a brief review of what was then done ; and also, a notice of the festi\nties in 186-1-, may not be ill-timed. Garrick, with all his abilities, and they were great, did not always show sound judgment. He was generous and warm- hearted ; and no one before him, on the stage, had evinced so keen an appreciation of the genius of Shakspeare. Still he consented to give the plays, not from the original text, but from Tate^s edition, which would have never been en- dured, one would have supposed, by any manager of taste 01' of power to undei'stand and feel the force of the plays as written by Shakespeare ; and Garrick never fully estimated propriety in costume. At the same time we can but ask how it was he could have consented to place upon the stage such tame and witless plays as he produced in abundance with those of the great dramatist ? It is obvious that both Garrick and the drama had to be judged by a public that could tolerate and be pleased with what would not be 1 2 STEATFORD-UrOX-A\'("lN thought upon at the present day ; a pnhUc that could rehsh coarse language^ unrefined and often immoral sentiment, and gross vulgarity unrelieved by a spark of wit. He had few, if any, advisers whose high cliaracter would have com- manded attention; else his anxiety to pay triljute to the great master, might have been directed into a more whole- some channel than the course he took, to give, at so much cost, very commonplace amusements at Stratford-upon-Avon, which in no way seem to have contributed to make the works of Shakespeare better known, the only rational mode, I suggest, of doing honour to such a man ; or rather, of doing honour to ourselves. A jDrocession of the leading characters of his plays has, in the very idea, something startling. The reader, by his fireside, pictures in his mind the prominent features of the various personages in shadowy outline, rather than in fixed and formal personifications ; and this indefiniteness in no way interferes with the effect the au- thor designed ; but, on the contrary, helps it. When, how- ever, it is attempted to exhibit these creations in flesh and blood, upon the stage, with all the aid of costume and scenery, but few who have read deeply, and who have pictured in their minds the leading characters, wall be satis- fied altogether even with the best performances. Take the pei'sonages away from the stage and its appropriate scenery, and the adjuncts which help scenic illusion ; and make a procession of them in the open air, the mental conception is immediately dispelled, and replaced by something visibly inferior, and possibly ridiculous. The thousands who would flock together, anywhere, anj' day, to witness such a procession would, in no way, comprehend its object, or ^^ew much more in the characters than they would sec in any exhibition in any country fair. If the object in such shows be to help the public to appreciate Shakespeare, the object is not at- tained. AND SHAKESl^EAEE. 13 Yet^ after all, we can but admire tlie entliusiasm of Garrick, and respect his motives. His visit to Stratford at the time created a great sensation : it was supported by many ; discountenanced and ridiculed by some of his rival actors, and by a jiortiou of the press. 'Tis a hundred years since ; and we, who are now attracted by an intimation that there is an intention to commemorate, next year, the centenary of Garrick's visit to Stratford, cannot but review with oui'iosity and interest, the details of so remarkable an event. The materials for a complete history of the Jubilee, as it was called, cannot be wanting ; and they must bo, I should suppose, voluminous. In several points of view the publication of a collection of edited and inedited accounts, and of correspondence relating to this episode in the life of Garrick would be acceptable ; and it might prove one of the best modes of celebratino- the Jubilee of 17(39. So early as five o'clock in the morning of Wednesday, the 6th of SejDtember, some of the Drury Lane company sere- naded the people of Stratford and the visitors with an ode and a song composed by Garrick ; guns were fired ; and the magistrates and chief citizens assembled in the street. At nine a public breakfast was given in the Town Hall, in which the holders of guinea tickets were admitted on pay- ment of a shilling. Garrick, as steward, was early in attendance ; and was himself waited upon by the Mayor and Corporation " in their formalities "; and the Town Clerk, in a polite speech, presented him with a medallion of Shake- speare carved in a piece of the mulberry tree from New Place, and mounted in gold. The room soon filled ; and during the breakfast, at intervals, the company was enter- tained with music in the street, opposite the Hall. Half- past ten was the time appointed for leaving for the church, where the oratorio of " Judith" was performed by the entire Druiy Lane orche.'stra, conducted liy Dr. Arne. At the 1 4 STKATl'OKD-UPON-AVON conclusion^ Garrick and the performers walked in procession to tlie ampliitlieatre (a temporary building), singing- in cliorus, to instrnmental accompaniment, anotlier composition by Garrick. Indeed, he seems to have written most of the songs snng and the odes recited on this occasion. He com- plained of the apathy of the poets of Oxford and Cambridge, none of whom responded to his in\ntation to assist. Here, at three o'clock, was a pnblic ordinary, enlivened at intervals by songs and catches. From the amphitheatre the assemljly retired to prepare for the ball in the assembly room, con- strncted in imitation of the Eanelagli rotunda^ but about half as large. On Thursday, the 7th September, after a breakfast at the Town Hall, the company was assembled in the amphitheatre. Here was performed, under the direction of Dr. Arne, what was called the Dedication Ode, the recitative parts of which were delivered by Garrick, dressed in a suit of brown and gold, with the medallion suspended from his neck. While the airs and choruses were being sung, he sat with his steward's rod in his hand. At the conclusion of the ode he gave a prose eulogy on Shakespeare, and challenged the inimical to say what they could against him. Mr. King, the comedian, who was among the spectators, wrapt in a great coat, begged to be heard. This unlooked-for opposition astounded the majority of the audience ; but those who knew the actor were much amused, knowing that somcthmg humorous was forthcoming. Mr. King then came into the orchestra in a blue suit, ornamented w'ith silver frogs, and addressed the audience, the better-informed part of whom were highly amused, not only with the speech, but with the want of perception in many who misunderstood the drift of this portion of the performance. Then Garrick addressed the ladies in a poetical speech, complimenting them on their attachment to the great poet who, among his many ANT) iSHAKESPEAKE. ]5 delineations of hnman life^ had ever supported tlio grace and dignity of the female character. It was during this part of the performance that some of the benches, from the great pressure of the audience, gave way, and Lord Carlisle narrowly escaped being killed. lu tjie evening, or rather, near midnight, was a masquerade, which was crowded to excess. The meanest dresses were, it is stated, hired at four guineas each ; and above four hundred were sent from London. On the following morning, the rain, which fell heavily, prevented the procession or pageant of Shakspearcan charac- ters. We are told that several people considered the rain " as a judgment on the poetical idolatry of the Jubilites." Two engi'aviugs of the j^^'ocessional personages wore pub- lished in the Oxford Marjaxiiic. They are curious as shewino' the state of sta<>'e costume at that time. Gariick spent a large sum of money on this occasion ; but he reco- vered it in producing the pageant at Drury Lane, which drew full houses.* With less success it was exhibited at Covent * The great actor would look with dismay on the general state of the modern drama, and on the taste of the public at the present daj', exemplified by the support given to what are called " sensational" plays. One of tlie latest is thus spoken of in a critique in The Times of November 9th, on which my 03-0 has fallen, while writing these remarks : " The convict morally dis- arms him by drawing out a pistol and placing it in his hands, fo)-) with all his reverence for the criminal code, Javert feels that he cannot, in honour, arrest a man who has just made him a present of his own life. In the meantime, Thenarclier has fired the house from beneath, and the room being enveloped in flame and smoke, the officer and Jean find themselves involved in a common peril. Jean saves himself by leaping from the roof into the Seine, while Javei't, as the act closes, is dangling from a beam. This scene, if wo may judge by the precedents of the day, will be the making of tlie piece." ] G STI-;A'rFORD-l'P(jX-AV(jN Garden Theatre iu a comeclj' callod " Man and Wife", oi' "The Sliatespeare Jubilee", by Cohiian. Botli this and Garrick's "Jubilee", are, it may be said, equally tamo as dramatic conipnsitions. The " show" alone sustained them, as at the j^i'esent day scenery is the main support of the modern popular drama : in no way can it be shewn that any honour was conferred on Shakespeare by such exhibitions, or any instruction given to the thousands " wdio, for the most part, are capable of nothing but inexplicable dumb shows and noise." Garrick, however, estimated his audience better than his rival ; for we are told Ijy a publication of the time, that at Drury Lane, " the inscribed streamers are very useful in notifying to the audience the different plays in which the chai-acters appear; as, for want of a similar index at Covent Garden, half of the spectators are entirely igno- rant of the pieces to which they belong." Garrick's rivals and enemies lost no time in disparaging the Jubilee ; and Foote, then manager of the Haymarket Theatre, seizing upon eveiy misadventure, thus presented a description in " The Devil upon two Sticks "; — " A Jubilee, as it has lately appeared, is a public invitation, urged by puffing, to go post without horses, to an obscure borough, without rejjresentatives, governed ])j a mayor, and aldermen who are no magistrates, to celebrate a great poet, wdiose own works have made him immortal ; to an ode without poetry ; music without harmony ; dinners without victuals ; and lodgings without beds ; a mascjuerade wdiere half the people appeared bare-faced ; a horse-race up to the knees in water ; fireworks extinguished as soon as they were hghted; and a gingerbread amphitheatre, which, like a house of cards, tumbled to pieces as soon as it was finished." A writer in the Town and Gounfry Mar/azive, after com- plaining of" a scarcity of provisions, a want of conveyances, or even covering from the inclemencv of the weather, a ANO SITAKESI'KABT;. ]■ rotunda tliut was not waterproof;" and otlier " omissions and impositions/' says : — " We were prepared for great merri- ment and wit, fiy a lony list of the geniuses and literati, who were to be present upon this occasion, and the masquerade might doubtless have afforded them sufficient opportunities of dis^^laying their humour ; but we do not find there was a single good thing said amongst tliem. Whether the weight of the atmosphere too much oppressed their spirits ; or whether the gloomy disappointment they had met with after so much fatigue, damped their genius, it is certain there was not a hon mot attempted but by Eoseius. How far he succeeded your readers shall judge by the following recital. A mask said to him, ' Indeed, my friend David, you have out-frescoed all the alfrescosities, and out-|)areed all the bal- pares that the public have yet been hummed with ; beware of the critics.' To which he replied : ' The sweet swan of Avon will with his melodious notes sooth them to good humour ; and by a poetic flight, transport them, as we have done, to such a scene of Elysium as they will wish to last for ever." The writer gives the details of his expenses on this occa- sion. The contrast between the past and present time, with the cost for travelling a hundred years ago and now, is not the least curious part of the account. Ticket Post-chaise to Stratford, at 3s. per mile the last sixty miles Expenses upon the road Lodging Board and other expenses Masquerade dress Masquerade ticket Occasional impositions to know the liour of the day, &c. . . .18 tl . 12 . 1 11 G . 6 6 . 4 12 . 5 .5 . 10 G 18 sti;a'I'K'ji;I)-upiin-avon 2 2 12 12 ] 1 1- {) Chair hii-e Sei-vants Post-cliaisc Ijack Expenses upon tlie rond £-1-0 2 A very fine full-lengtli povfcrait of Garrick, executed Ly Gainsboroiigli for the Corporation of Stratford, hangs in the Town Hall. Ho is represeiited with one arm round a colnmn surmounted by a bust of Shakespeare ; and in the Museum is a half-length portrait of him as " Kitely " , in Ben Jon- son's " Ev'cry j[an in his Humour". The painting in the Town Hall enables us to form an excellent notion of his personal appearance ; and it may be accepted as a striking likeness. The countenance, highly pleasing, is not marked by any strong expressii.m ; but the features are just such as can bo imagined capable of giving power to a great variety of mental conceptions ; and it must have been the facial flexibility and force of expression which enabled Garrick to assume so successfully characters, many of which could never have produced such effect by actors whose features were more marked and strongly cast. While his countenance was not moulded by nature exclusively for tragedy or for comedy, it was capable of exiDressiug the passions peculiar to both by the actor's perfect conception and intense feeling. In comedy it was not a face to be laughed at before a word could be uttered : and in tragedy it had to be lighted up by the fire of the soul. Mr. Fitzgerald, in his " Life of David Garrick ", gives an intei'esting- account of the impression he made, on a spectator, in the character of Hamlet, played by him not long pre\T0us to his leaving the stage. At first it did not seem he could sustain his reputation in personify- ing tlie youthful prince ; but after awhile his years and appearance were so thoroughly lost sight of that all in- AND SHAKESPEARE. 19 consistency vanished and was lost in the charm of voice and action. There were certain characters which his ad- miraljlo " make up " contributed to render unexpectedly successful. Such was "Abel Drugger ", in Ben Jouson's "Alchymist", which, like Mr. Phelps's " Bottom" in " A J\[idsummer's Night's Dream ", ma^- be called a creation. Sliould Dr. Kingsley's proposal to commemorate Garrick's visit to Stratford be entertained, an exhibition of portraits and of engraviirgs could form one department, together with portraits of contemporary actors, as suggested by Mr. Waller. To this project I now come, passing over all de- tails of the festival of 1864, called the Tercentenary Celebra- tion of the Birthday of Shakespeare ; referring my readers to Mr. Robert B. Hunter's elaborate, well- written, and im- partial account* of this remarkable event. Remarkable it was in several points of view ; and, although there may be differences in opinion as to the most worthy mode of cele- brating the Poet's natal day, there can be no dispute as to the earnestness and zeal shown by several of the inhabitants of Stratford and its vicinity ; and if Mr. Hunter had been able to show a completed balance-sheet, it would have been proved that some of them confirmed their sincerity by sacrifices which amounted to a pecuniary martyrdom. Should Dr. Kingsley, the Mayor, bo able to lay the foundation of a commemoration of the visit of Garrick, he will have large experiences to aid him ; he will be able to estimate properly the solid and permanent worth of what, five years ago, was considered as indispensable ; and ho will probably be induced * Slial^espeare and Strcdford-vjion-Avon, a " Chronicle of tlie Time "; comprising the salient facts and traditions, biograplncal, topographical, and historical, connected with the poet and his birth-place, together with a full record of the Tercentenary Cele- hralii'iii. Loudon, Whittakcr and Co. Stratford-upon-Avon, A.hirus. _n STliATl'OEIi-L'PuX-AVdiV to ahandon as worse tliaii worthless mncli that was then sanctioned ahnost universally. It is a costly luxury for any town or city to import from a distance, for a special occasion, companies of professional actors, even if tlieir services are given gratuitously; but it is infinitely more costly when a theatre has to be constructed, and scenery, music, and other necessaries have to be hired ; yet the spirited people of Stratford in 18G4 found money enough to p)i'ovide these expensive entertainments among others ; and, as the public did not respond adequately, they sealed their sincei'ity and earnestness hj heavy pecuniary sacrifices. It may and will be asked whether it was prudent to undertake this obviously uuremunerative kind of enter- tainment? Can it be said there was on the part of the public a full appreciation of the efforts of the people of Stratford when, after all the feasting and shows had passed away, the receipts did not balance the expenses by manj^ thousands of pounds ? The number of people who attended, if it is to be estimated by the staff of officers, it may be supposed was enormous. The vice-presidents were one hundred and seventy ; the local committee, fifty-one ; but as we have seen more vice-presidents in a society than members, no reliance on the strength of an assembly can be placed in a showy, numerous staff; and the vice-presidents at Stratford did not represent a large multitude ; they did not, indeed, represent money enough to pay the costs, to say nothing of the scholarship and the statue ! At the same time there was a committee working in Lon- don, soliciting suljscriptions for a similar object; and appeal- ing to the country. This committee, I believe, succeeded, as well as that of Stratford, in enlisting a large number of names. What the result was I do not know ; but it could not have been successful. The name of Shakespeare is not a name, at any given moment, to raise money by, or to excite ANlJ SHAKESI'EAIJK. 21 cntliiisiasm; its influence, though great, wherever civilisation and education are well rooted, is not universal ; but it has to await time and tuition ; and in any renewal of the cele- bration of Shakespeare's bii'thday, or in commemorating- Garrick^s visit to Stratford, "which is, indeed, much the same thing, it is wise to review the past and gain wisdom from experience. It is probable that the failures of the past may only be ^^reparatives to the success of the future. In 18G4 I told a friend on the London Committee, that I felt assured all appeals to the various towns for money would be attended with no good result ; but I suggested that a proposal to establish readings of the plays of Shake- speare in every town, would be likely to meet favour; and that from this source a very large sum of money might not only be raised; but be retained to be applied for some per- manent object that should be worthy of the occasion. I considered that theatricals must necessarily involve expenses which would entirely exhaust the money received ; and leave the promoters in the end, after much trouble, no richer than they were at the beginning. I believe this suggestion will bear consideration on the present occasion, for which it may be somewhat modified. As originally designed, there seems every reason to believe it would have succeeded well; although, no doubt, objections would have been raised, just as objections are raised to everything novel. I do not think so meanly of our Shakespearean students as to suppose there are not a few in or around every town in Great Britain, capable of making the writings of their master a source of amusement and instruction in a public hall, or in a theatre ; neither do I think they are so void of elocutionary powers as to be unable to make their acc|uirements palatable to large audiences. It need not be expected that all should be eciually capable ; but the noble object would plead for defi- ciencies, were they not covered by others' excellencies. Had 22 STRATF01;L)-U1'ON-AVON the experimcut been madej it is probable some thousands of joounds would have been realised ; wliile the entire country would have assisted in the pleasing task of making the works of Shakespeare more generally known. To mo it seems that extending a taste and relish for his writings, should be the main basis of any public gathering to testify our apprecia- tion of the great teacher. Garrick, m connection with Stratford-upon-Avon, cannot be dissociated from ShakesjDeare ; and lectures on the works of the latter, and readings from his pla3'S, should, I think, be the main provision for, at least, a week's enter- tainments, made accessible, by low charges, to the working- classes. It is most likely that, on such an occasion, some of our first pjrofessional actors would offer their services ; some, whose stars are not yet in the ascendant, would, doubtless, assist ; while the locality, it may he supjposed, woukl sujiply, at least, a few. Garrick did not undergo, what is absurdly thought indispensable, the tedious di-udgery of a jjrovin- cial stage-training ; neither was he helped by tlio favour of the press, or the prejudices of the critics : lie walked from a counting-house upon the stage; and the puldic at once re- ceived and sealed him as its own. The word jiatronaije should therefore not be used m any celebration connected with Garrick. A'\niere patronage is true, it is seldom osten- tatious ; but it too frequently means only the appearance of aid from rank or position, without the reality : it is one of the specious pretexts m which destined failures are often clothed. There is a portion of ilr. Hunter's Chronicle of the Ter- centenary Celebration, which might be rejjrinted with good effect with a view to extensive distribution; and its issue on the forthcoming occasion would be most apjpropriate. It comprises the sermons preached in the church of Stratford liy Dr. Trencli, xVrchbishop of Dublin ; and b\- !.)r. W'oi'd.s- AXD SHAKKSPKAT!!.:. 'So wortli, Plisliop of St. Andrews, winch arc conceived in a spirit so cnliglitened and pliilosopliical, and evince such a correct and elevated appreciation of the genius and the moral and religious influence of the works of Shakespeare, that they deserve to be universally read and studied ; and particu- larly by that ascetic and prejudiced portion of society which cheats itself into a belief that in refusing to hear the teach- ings of the drama upon the stage or to read them in the closet, it is doing something religious and commend- able. It is Shakespeare who has conferred the greatest charac- ter on the literature of our country; and the great importance of a nation's literature, Dr. Trench thus set forth: "The work of its noblest and most gifted sons ; the utterance of all which is deepest and neai-est to their hearts, it evokes and interjDrets the unuttered greatness which is latent in others, but which, except for them, would never have come to the birth. By it the mightj^ heart of a people may be animated and quickened to heroic enterprise and worthiest endeavour. With the breath of strong and purifying emo- tions, it should stir to a healthy activity the waters of a na- tion's life, which would else have stagnated and putrefied and corrupted. Having such offices, being capable of such effects as these, of what vast concern it is that it should deal with the loftiest problems which man's existence pre- sents ; solve them so far as they are capable of solution here ; point to a solution behind the veil where this only is possible ; that whatever it handles, things high or things low, tilings eternal or things temporal, spiritual or natural, it should be sound, should be healthy ; clear, so far as possible, of offence ; enlisting our sympathies on the side of the just, the pure, and the true. Such a poet, we possess in Shakespeare. For must we not, first of all, thankfully acknowledge a healthiness, a moral soundness, in 2 L ST!:ATFOi;r)-i'roN-Y\V(")N' all, or nearly all, wliicli lie lias written ? Then, too, if he deals with enormous crimes; and lie could not do otherwise; for these, alike in fiction and in rcalitj', constitute the tragedy of life : yet the crimes which he deals with travel the com- mon road of human guilt, with no attempt on his ]'>avt to ex- tend and enlarge the domain of possible sin ; and certainly with no desire to paint it in any other colours tlian its own. And in his dialogue, if we put him beside those of his own age and time, how little, by comparison with them^ is there which we wish aw^ay from him, would fain that he had never written. There are some of his contemporaries wdiose jewels, when they offer such, must be plucked out of the veiy mire; wdio seem to revel in loathsome and disgusting images, in all which, for poor human nature's sake, we would willingly put out of sight altogether. What an immeasurable gulf in this matter divides him from them ! While of that which we must regret even in him, a pai't we have a right to ascribe to an age, I will not say of less purity, but of less re- finement, and coarser than our own ; and of that wdiich can- not be thus explained, let us at all events remark how separable almost always it is from the context, leaving, when thus separated, all which remains, perfectly wholesome and pure." Extracts convey but a faint idea of the masterly manner in which Dr. Trench set forth the great moral and intellectual tendency of the writings of Shakespeare ; and I must re- frain from quoting more here than a portion of the conclasion of his sermon : " I will only ask you, each to imagine to him- self this England of ours without a Shakespeare ; in which he had never lived or sung. What a crown would be stricken from her brow ! How would she come down from the pre- eminence of her iDlace as nursing mother of the foremost poet whom the w^orld has seen, whom, we are almost bold to pro- phesy, it ever will sec ! Think how much poorer, intellectu- AST) SriAKESPKAKE. ZO all}', 3-ea, anil iiiorally, every one of us wonli.l be ; ^vhat would Lave to be withdrawn from circulation^ of wisest sayings, of profoundcst maxims of life-wisdom, wliicli liave now been absorbed into tlie very tissue of our hearts and minds ! What regions of our fancy, peopled now with marvellous shapes of strength, of grace, of beauty, of dignity, with beings which have far more reality for us than most of those whom we meet in our daily walk, would be empty and depopulated ? And, remember, that this which we speak of would not l)e our loss alone, or the loss of those who have lived already ; but the disappearance as well of all that dchght, of all thnt instruction, which, so long as the world endures, he will diffuse in circles ever larger, as the recognition of him in his unparagoncd and unapproachable greatness becomes every clay more unquestioned as he moves in ages yet to come '' through ever wider avenues of fame' ". Dr. Wordsworth, in the afternoon, addressed an auditory, crowded as that was in the morning. After some preliminary remarks on the order and excellence of creation, he observed that no apology was needed for speaking in that sacred j'dace of one whom God had raised up three centuries ago, from among the inhabitants of the adjoining town, to be at once a mighty jTrince over the thoiights of men, through the pre-eminence of his intellectual powers ; and through the richness of his genius, a munificent benefactor for ages upon ages, not to his own country and nation only, but to the world at large. Neither was the time, he added, even of this holy day, at all improper for such a commemoration. " Entering then", he said, " upon the subject before us with no mistrust, I shall, in the first place, be fully justified, I believe, in assuming that this celebration would not have taken place ; would not, certainly, have been promoted so generally, or conducted on so grand a scale, unless it had been commonly felt that the works of Shakespeare are plainly E 2G STRATFriJ;n-[' I'fiN-AVnx on the rio-iit side; the sido of '.vlrit is tnie, and honerst, find inst, and pure, and lovely, ami (jf L'ood report; in a word, on tlic side of virtue and of true reiin''on. Xor can it he said, in this case at least, that t!ie populnr voice has erred. It is in accordance with the voice of one whose testimony upon such a point will he accepted as of the highest and most unqucstionahle anthority : I allude to the reverend author of ' Tlie Christian Tear '. In the lectures which he dehvercd as Professor of Poetry in the University of Oxford, and which were published twenty years ago, while specifying the notes or characteristics by which poets of the first rank are to be discerned, the distinguishing mark Avhich he requires, first of all, is Coxsistexct. Tlie first class poet, he remarks, is fJifoii'iho^if eorisidi'i'it, cnul in linrmoity v:itji_ luinself. And wdicre does the critic look for liis examples in proof of this proposition ? lie brings forward two poets, who flourished in the same, that is onr own, country, and at the same time. First, he produces Spenser, in whom he sees ereri/wJicrc .s^x- taiiied fJic saii'in easy form and hiuli' nf true noliiUti/; and next he pjroduces Shakespeare, — and this consistency of chai'acter which, as a first and most decisive test, assigns our poet to the highest rank, in vrhat is it to be fonnd ? It is to be found in //((■ ijiiicersal rrrqrres.sion irlurJi liis -irnrlcs convey. And for this the lecturer confidently appeals to the memory of his hearers: 'Recollect', says he, 'I beseech you, how you each felt when j'ou read those plays for the first time. Do you not remember that all along, as the drarna proceeded, you were led to take the part of whatever good and worthy characters it contained ; and more especially when you reached the end and closed the Ijook, you felt that your in- most heart had received a spur wliich was calculated to urge you on to virtue ; and to virtue, not merely such as is apt, without much reality, to v.'arm and excite the feelings of the young; I)ut such as consists in the actual practice of a stricter. AXIi SFTAKIOSI'^AUE. 27 more pni'e, nirre n})riglitj more industrious, more religions lile ? Anci as for tlie passap;es of a coarser sort, liere and there to Lo met witli in those plays, any one may perceive that they are to be attributed, in part, not to the author but to tlie age in which he lived ; and partly they were introduced as slaves in a state of intoxication were introduced into tho presence of the Spartan youths — to serve as warnings and create disgust/ Nor chj I scruple to consent to the still higher praise which the same unexceptionable judge has be- stowed in another part of his work upon tho same two poets. ' Not only', he says, ' did they measure everything by a certain innate sense of what is virtuous and becoming; not only did they teach to hate all profaneness, but they trained and exercised men's minds to virtue and religion, inasmuch as each of them is wont to refer all things whicli the C3-0 beholds to the heavenly aird the true, whether as occurring in the actions of men and upon the stage of life, or as seen in the glorious spectacle cverj'where presented in the heavens and the earth.' " But there is another consciousness no less generally felt^ which has tended to give to this celebration its comprehen- sive character ; I mean the consciousness of our poet's nationality. Like Homer to the Greeks, he is the poet of us Enghshmen. And as we look for no better, so we desire no other. — And now^ I think, it n'rciy be said we see the first rude outline of a character which, in paying honoiu- to the man, we shall do well to contemplate; for it is not merely as a poet who wrote, in a high and genuine sense of the word, religiously ; but as a man, a Christian man, that we, as a congregation of Christians, should be content to honour Shakespeare. Let us see, then, what he was as such. Unclazzled by the world, and courting nothing which the world can give, we find him indifferent to the fate even of tlie pi'oduce of his own immortal mind, and throwing his 28 STUATEOL'D-IJ I'OX-AYON pearls with cliild-like simplicit)-, into tlie liq) of time, as if unconscious of tlieir amazing wortli. A man of a less simple^ or less sober temper, after lie had attained to prosperity and to fame, would never have chosen, when not yet fifty years old, to settle down for the remainder of his days in rural quietude, and in the place which had known him not onl3- in ohscurit_y hut in poverty and distress.* But seeking, as he did, to shun, rath' r than to court, distinction, the fact that ' a prophet is not without honour, save in his own country and in his own house ', tended rather to recom- mend this choice to liim the more; liappy if only he might be allowed to study nature, and to cultivate his own moral being in order that he might 1:)0 'ripe' in God's good time. "We know how he has written ! AVhat truth has he not taught ? What duty has he not enforced ? What relation of life, and of living things, I'ational or irrational, has he not illustrated ? IIow has he looked tJironi/li nature; and, above all, into the heart of man, with the intuitive know- ledge with which the skilful artisan inspects the mechanism of the watch which he himself has niade ! And knowing these things, we know enough to teach us how littlo true greatness is dependant upon external circumstances. We know enough to shame us, if anj^ of! us should complain of the difficulties and disadvantages in wliicli God has placed him. Shakespeare lived to become a teacher of the world, so long as time shall last. And, what deserves to be com- memorated more especially in this place, Shakespeare lived to receive, as a benefactor, the blessings of the poor, not forgetting them, we may lie sure, i^diile he lived, inasmuch as he remembered them when he died." As I have before oljserved, the sermons of these tv;o * " CorDparatively poor" would Le ln'tter ; it does not appear that lie was ever in distrCbS. AND STTAKHSrHAUK. 21) eminent divines deserve to be ])riiited and widely rireiil;ited : tUejr shoidd be spread abroatl, sown nideed^ ^vlle^eve^ the -English lang-uage is read. They ioian, ^•^'ith the si^eeches de]i\'ered at the Banquet, the solid and eudnring pordons of the Ftsti\-al ni I8d4. The eoneerts and tlie tlioatrical per- formanceSj excellent as they wei'e, have no such claims : they gratified for the hour ; and arc the continual and common anmsemeuts which a.re, moi'e or less, at the command of all ; and these fugitive pastimes, as Mr. Hunter's " Ciu-onicle" sho^\^s, were unremunerativeh' costly, while tlie printing of hundreds of thousands ot the sermons, public lectures on Shakespeare, and readings of his plays, would ])roduce a lasting good eifect without a severe and uujust taxati(.in of the purses of a few generous individuals. Tlie visit to Stratford-upon-Avon wdiich gave rise to the foregoing remarks, was undertaken in compau)' with Mr. J . G. Waller, on September 26th, in order to superintend the erection of a mural brass tablet in the church, to the memory of Frederick WiUiam Fairholt, who bequeathed his Shak- spearean collections to the town of Stratford. We were joined there on the same day by Mr. Joseph Mayer, Presi- dent of the Cheshire and Lancashire Historic Society ; and by Mr. H. B. Mackei|!on, F.G.S., of Hythe, in Kent ; and we passed together five days very agreeably. Our visit cannot be mentioned without recording, at the same time, atten- tions and hospitalities received irom Mr. F. F. Flower of the Hill ; from Mr. W. 0. Hunt ; and from Dr. Kingsley, the mayo)' ; and I avail myself also of this opportunity t(j acknowledge tlie kind manner in which the vicar, the I!ev. Dr. GoUis, granted permission for the memorial to }>e set up in the church ; and for his generous refusal to take the customary fee. It will not" 1-10 out of place to appeird to this i-ecorti cif our visit an extract from J\Ir. Faij'holt's manuscri])t meiiKjrantla 30 STKATKOnn- I 'PON-AVON. written at Sti'atford. At all events it affords a pleasiug testimony of enthusiasm : — ''Avgvs-t 29, 1839. — Paid my first visit to Shakespeare's Ijirthplace. It was dark when the coach set mo down at Stratford ; and I felt an extra degree of excitement at each mile nearer the town. So after leaving- my luggage with the waiter^ and inquiring the way, I sallied off in the dark to visit this immortal house. 1 soon rocognised it. But, alas ! that portion once shewn as the Swan and Maidenhead has been renewed by a fronting of red brick. The interior, they say, has not been much altered ; but the exterior parts, the straight, plain front, and adjoining sash-windows of a modern residence for a labouring man, one story high, such as you frequently see in the small suburban streets near London. Let us try to forget this rascally spoliation. That portion remains untouched in which he was born. I gazed at it as well as the darkness would permit, crossed the road^ returned again, and felt most deeply sorry that it was too late for a visit then. With regret I passed on ; and again returned for auuthor final look, until the morning arrived. I then walked up the street, to stroll rountl the tov/n ; but it was in vain for me to collect my thoughts, or leave the street in which the house was situate. At the top of it I suddenly turned ; and, walking back as fast as I could, fully resolved to stay no longer. On my inquiring, fearfully, if it were not too late to see it then, I was answered : ' Oh, deai-, no ! Yv^alk in, sir, and Til fetch a light immediately.' No words ever sounded so delightfullj'." Temple Place, Strood by Rochester, December 18G8. JOSEPH ADDISON AJJD SIE ANDREW FOUNTAINE EOMANCE OF A POETRAIT. LONDON : SIMPKIN, MARSHALL & CO. THEW & SON, KING'S LYNN. 1858. ROMANCE OF A PORTRAIT. From tlie '^ AtJienaum.^^ New Bond Street is just now the scene of ti startling bit of romance. The House of Commons, it is known, has lately granted 2,000Z. a year for the purchase of a gallery of authentic portraits of historical Englishmen. Now, in the name of safety, what is an authentic portrait ? Suppose the commissioners deceived in their choice ? What if they give us the face of Gondomar for the face of Raleigh — or the wig of Kirke for the peruke of Marlborough ? Why then they mislead the public. They betray the biographer. They falsify history. The Bond Street mystery must sorely puzzle Lord Stanhope and his brethren. What evidence is sufiicient to guarantee the authenticity of a portrait ? Let the reader put a case. Suppose a century hence a " portrait of the Duke of Welling- ton" shall be found hanging on the walls of Apsley House? Suppose it be the only portrait of the Duke existing in the house. Suppose it shall have always been called the Duke's portrait ? Suppose all the Duke's biographers and historians shall have described it as the true embodiment and expression of the Duke's peculiar genius? Suppose it shall have been en- graved again and again, until the public know it as familiarly as they know the prints of Cromwell or Napoleon, or the face of Albert the Third on the current coin ? Suppose it shall have been painted, as the chief treasure of the house, into groups of the Wellington family by eminent members of the Royal Academy, and shall have been duly criticized at the May Exhibitions at Kensington Gore ? Suppose it shall have been selected by the ohlest friends of the house, (men \Yith memories going back close to tlie AVelliiigton time, men who shall boast of having seen the liero of Waterloo, and danced at the Court of Queen Victoria) as the model for a great national monument ? Suppose, at their instance it shall have been used by the most eminent of the successors of Flaxman and Baily as such model, and that such monument of the Duke shall have Ijeen duly, and without suspicion, erected in the most conspicuous part of Westminster Abbey ? Suppose — but that will do. Might not a portrait, so credited, be considered authentic ? Very likely — and yet the New Bond Street romance would seem to prove that this very picture, with all the bloom of proof upon it, onigld be only a poor copy of a portrait of Lord Hardinge, hung up by the great Duke out of kindly feeling for his friend ! Now to our tale. Every one has heard of the famous portrait of Addison at Holland House. Addison lived and died in that picturesque dwelling. The portrait is the chief charm of the place. Visitors gather round it to chat about Spectators and Tatters — about Swift and Steele, and Pope and Arbuthnot ; the young and handsome face beaming with be- nignant humour on the group. Who does not remember the rapture with which Macaulay hangs on that pleasant counte- nance? Who has not seen Leslie's admirable picture of the Fox family — Lord Holland and Lady Holland — and their confi- dential friend Mr. Allen, with the celebrated portrait brought in to complete the Cjuartett of hospitality, wit, genius and refinement ? Who has not heard of the subscription got up by Rogers and Mackintosh, and other wise men of the west, to place a marble copy of that genial presence among the great dead ? Who has not gazed with wonder and veneration on the memorial in the Abbey, executed by the late sculptor. Sir Richard Westmacott, from the Holland House portrait — or read the brilliant description of it in one of Macaulay's most delightful passages ? Yet, we grieve to say, all this admira- tion and this emotion has been thrown away. The gentleman smiling in wig and claret-coloured dress, at Holland House, is not Addison. The same gentleman transferred to Leslie's picture is not Addison. The same gentleman stripped of his wig in Westmacott's marlde, is not Addison. By a frolic of the muse of history, all this vicarious honour has been heaped on a distinguished personage of the Augustan age. Sir An- drew Fountaine, of Narford Hall, in Norfolk, Vice Cham- berlain to Queen Caroline, and the successor of Sir Isaac Newton in the wardenship of the Mint. What is fame? asks Byron. What is fame ? Grose dies gloriously at his guns — and Grove lives immortal in your gazettes ! The discovery of this surprising fact was made in this way. Mr. Fountaine, of Narford, descendant and represen- tative of Sir Andrew, enters a print-shop, and sees what he is told is a portrait of Addison in Leslie's picture. Remem- bering the familiar face at home — preserved in three distinct portraits at Narford — he answers, " This is no portrait of Addison, but it is of my ancestor Sir Andrew Fountaine." This scene occurred some years ago, when Leslie's engraving was just out; but country gentlemen are careless of glory ; and Mr. Fountaine, though a collector himself, enjoyed his laugh, and told his story pleasantly to his Narford friends over their port, cracking his jests at the wise London critics, but so far as the unprivileged world was concerned he let the discovery sleep until an enthusiastic friend took it up. But, the story told, the whole is done. The proofs of his assertion are ample, and indeed seem to us irresistible. Mr. Fountaine has now brought to London the originals of his ancestor ; one, a miniature, we have before us as we wi'ite ; the other, the original of ivhich the Holland House picture is a copy, lies at Mr. Farrar's in New Bond Street, where we have seen it, where himdreils hare seen it, and where, we have authority for saying, it may be seen by any one interested in the matter who chooses to calL But how comes a portrait of Sir Andrew Fountaine at Holland House ? This is easily suggested, though not proved. Fountaine was the intimate friend of Swift, Pope, and Addison. With Swift, imleed, his relations were almost fraternal. Swift's original drawings for The Tale of a Tub are still at Narford — unless, indeed, they are lent to Mr. Murray for the use of his coming edition. Presentation books from Swift arc also at Narford. Fountaine — a scholar, a traveller, and a collector — was probably a visitor at Holland House. Family traditions also connect in friendship some of the Fountaines with Sir Stephen Fox. How the copy of his portrait got there — how it ever came to be considered as an Addisonian original — we are not able to say. Can anybody help us to clear up the mystery ? For ourselves, we feel no certainty that the confusion between Addison and Fountaine is the whole of the mystery. There is an engraving of Congreve — the Kit-Cat portrait — won- di'ously like this Fountaine original. ADDISON AND FOUNTAINE. To tJie Editor of the " Atherucimi." Sir, — I was not so enthusiastic in the matter of Addison's portrait as you suppose. I heard the story from Mr. Fountaine two years ago, with some interesting details respecting the connection of Sir Andrew Fountaine and Swift. Having gone to Narford, at the request of a distinguished literary gentleman, to ask Mr. Fountaine to consent to the publica- tion of his valuable Swift correspondence, he mentioned the story again, and I determined to investigate it. A miniature of Sir Andrew Fountaine was sent to me, and with this miniature the attack on the great " Wliig Tradition" of Holland House commenced. The statement in some London Papers is incorrect so far, that the fact was not dis- covered by seeing the picture in Holland House ; hut as stated in the Athenwum, hj Mr. Fountaine seeing a proof of an en- graving from Leslie's portrait of Addison. The case is now proved beyond doubt ; but should any unbeliever wish to satisfy himself of the truth of the story, let him go to Farrar's, 106, New Bond Street, and there he will see the rather good original portrait, of which the Holland House picture is but an indifferent copy. It is true Lord Macaulay is a very great authority on such matters ; and it is a very grave thing for an anonymous scribbler to contradict any of his assertions. In fact, I feel as the manager of Drury Lane ought to have felt, when he commenced his speech to the electors of Bridport, by saying, " Me and the Queen have had a difference." In the next edition of his Lordship's essays he must alter some remarks he makes respecting the Holland House portrait of Addison. He says, " it still hangs in Holland House ;" now it does not and never did. He goes on to say, " The features are pleasing, the complexion remarkably fair." This is quite true: Sir Andrew Fountaine ivas remarlcable for the beauty of his complexion. " But in the expression," he says, " we trace rather the gentleness of his disposition, than the force and keenness of his intellect." This is a curious loophole. Lord Macaulay can now turn round on the bewildered " wise men of the west," and say, " Why I always suspected the portrait." But there is an episode in this case so ludicrous, and yet so ill-natured, that I wish the late Mr. Croker had lived to investigate it. It appears that Addison's widow erected no monu- ment to his memory, which I am not surprised at, she looking upon liim as a scribbler and a bore, a fact not un- common ■with the "wives of great literary men. Indeed, I have seen the proofs of a discovery made but a short time ago, that the widow of the immortal Shakspeare married a man called Richard James, who, it is believed, was a barber. An editor of Shakspeare has made this discovery ; Ijut I am bound in fairness to state, that another learned editor, with pious eyes and uplifted hands, protests against so degrading a story. But to return to Addison — no monument was erected. What was to be done? The "wise men of the west" determined that this scandal should be repaired ; they met in 1809, and agreed to erect a monument. One can fancy the enthusiastic meetings, the intelligent sub-committee, all men of taste, the debates as to who was to execute so great a work ; and when rival sculptors met at dinner the carving knives were sheathed. At last Sir Richard Westmacott, the friend of Lord Holland, was selected. After carefully perusing the Gentleman's Magazine of that period, I find that the quarrelling about this statue, amongst the critics, while being executed by Sir Richard Westmacott, was quite awful ; but when the statue was completed, the storm raged more furiously than ever as to where it was to be placed. A gentleman, signing himself a " True Englishman," probably a disappointed sculptor, was the chief opponent to the statue being placed in Edward the Confessor's Chapel, where it was proposed to erect it. To this place the " True Englishman" objected on aristocratic grounds ; but it was decided against him, and the foundations were actually commenced, when suddenly the " True Englishman " took a new ground ; he discovered that, in laying the foundation, they had disturbed the remains of Thomas of Woodstock, son of Edward III. He called on all the antiquaries of England to assist him in putting a stop to such profanation. He \yas answered by an " Old Westminster," who not content with prose, bombarded his opponent with such frightful poetry, that it would have annihilated any one but the " True Englishman." However, the antiquaries came to his rescue, and raised the cry of " Sacrilege." Conceited archseologists — imaginary descendants of Thomas of Woodstock — ^joined in the fray, and the tempest was at its height. Fancy thirty prize fights for the championship of England going on in a very limited space, and one has a faint idea of the contest that raged over the unconscious bones of Thomas of Woodstock. The cry of sacrilege was successful— the " True Eng- lishman (now writing under the title of " J. C") was victorious ; and it was agreed that Addison's statue should be erected in Poets' Corner. One would have thought that even the " True Englishman " would have been satisfied at this; not a bit of it — he and the '' Old Westminster" went at it again with increased fury. The " True Englishman " protesting against placing it by the side of the statue of Handel, by Eoubilliac, the " Old Westminster," of course, took the other side, and the row commenced again. A gentleman, I think, of the name of " Plato," tried to throw oil on the troubled waters, and pacify the belli- gerent critics, but both the combatants turned upon him with such astounding ferocity, that Plato quickly disap- peared from the scene, and reasoned no more. At last the question was settled, and with a grand pro- cession (no doubt with a literary duke or marquis leading it, Rogers and Co. bringing up the rear), the statue was placed in Poets' Corner. The " True Englishman," of course, left the scene of combat with an awful sarcasm on Sir Richard Westmacott. 10 He says, "Joseph Addison was a humble man — so was his sculptor."* And yet, after all these controversies, squabbles, and jealousies, after all these war cries of — " Sacrilege ! " " Eones of our ancestors ! " and " Handel ! " what had the " wise men of the west " erected ? A most unsatisfactory statue, not of Addison, but of " Su- Andrew Fountaine," withsut his wig. For I have it from the highest authority, that Sir Richard Westmacott executed the monument from the " totally exploded portrait of Addison at Holland House." If this episode which I relate is true, perhaps some ar- rangement may be entered into for the substitution of the name of Fountaine for that of Addison. If it is not true, the case ivotdcl he still more mysterious than it is ; for if Sir R. Westmacott tooh the statue from another authentic portrait of Addison, Lord Holland and his friends being visitors at the studio to see the progress of the " immortal" tvorJc, must, or at least, ought to have discovered that their otvn authentic pjortrait was a " SHAM." The surviving subscribers to the monument, naturally the oldest and wisest men in London, will perhaps agree to some amicable compromise. They will not be irritated by the sarcasms of the "True Englishman" who lies quietly in his grave. Peace to his ashes, — he saved those of Thomas of Woodstock. And why should Sir Andrew Fountaine not be in West- minster Abbey ? It would be a proud thing for me, as a Norfolk man, to have discovered this fact. I believe that he is the only countyman tliere, but I know that there are three Norfolk celebrities figuring in the doubtful chamber of Madame Tussaud's. * It afterwards appeared that the " True Englishman " was a Mr. John Carter ; if he had lived how he would have enjoyed this story. 11 Sir Ad drew Fountainc was one of the most distinguished men of his time. Born of an ancient family of the county of Norfolk, he entered into the University of Oxford at an early age, where he displayed remarkable talent. He was selected, as the most distinguished scholar of his year, to deliver the Latin oration before our great Protestant deliverer, William III., who was so pleased with him that he knighted him on the spot. He formed part of the brilliant embassy of Lord Mac- clesfield to the Electress Sophia, in 1701. He there was a conspicuous ornament of the most brilliant circle in Europe. As a proof of what I say, the great Leibnitz, the most universal genius the world ever produced, who was so great in theology (as is stated in that most valuable work, published a short time ago by the late lamented John Kemble, entitled State Papers and Corre- spondence,) that he was offered a Cardinal's hat and the librarianship of the Vatican, if he consented to change his religion, at page 253 of that work, thus addresses Sir Andrew Fountaine, then a young man of twenty-four, in a letter from Berlin. " M. Minkenin thanks me for having procured for him and his son the honour of your acquaintance : it is a correspondence, at least, among persons like you and him, by which all parties are gainers, the only commerce in which that takes place. But as for me, I am he who derives the most advantage from it, and your deserts are the capital from which I derive the profit. I have no doubt that M. Morel at Arnstadt, and M. Imhof at Niirn- berg, will also be much obliged to me. One is fortunate when one has a person like yourself to produce. The Queen still thinks herself my debtor for having introduced you, although you were more than sufficiently so by Madam the Electress' s letter; and Mademoiselle de Pillnitz, aa 12 well as the other ladies, often ask me news of you ; not to speak of your wit, your good looks, or rather your beauty, remains engraved in their imagination, and makes as much noise at Court, as your learning does among our savans, who have had the advantage of your acquaintance." Those who have seen the beautiful miniature of Sir Andrew Fountaine now in London, will agree with Leibnitz, that his beauty equalled his talents. He became afterwards the constant correspondent of Leibnitz, who frequently consulted him. Sir Andrew Foun- taine being one of the most learned Anglo-Saxon scholars in Europe. He published a treatise on Anglo-Saxon and Anglo- Danish Coins in Hickes' Thesaurus Septentrioiialis. He was intimate with Pope and Addison, and above all, he was the first real friend Swift ever found during his stormy life — the first man who took him by the hand and treated him like a gentleman, and introduced him to his distinguished friends as an equal. Sir Andrew accompanied in 1707, the accomplished Thomas Lord Pembroke (who was then Lord Lieutenant) to Ireland, where he found Swift living in comparative obscurity. Sir Andrew introduced him to Lord Pem- broke, and they all three became most intimate. They returned together to England in the following year, and Swift then resided with Sir Andrew ; and now, for the first time. Swift's talents were appreciated by the great London world. No house ougld to contain more interesting correspondence with respect to the life of Swift than that of Narford. The original pictures of The Tale of a Tub have been at Narford for 1.50 years ; they are supposed to be by Swift's own hand, and to have been sent to Sir Andrew Fountaine to be corrected. Sir Andrew Fountaine, a friend of the Vanhomrigh family, also introduced Swift to the un- fortunate Vanessa. With Pope his friendship terminated in a manner that does no honour to the memory of the illustrious poet. The reason of their quarrel ^Yas that Pope, like many other wise men, thought to advance his interests by paying court to Lady Suifolk, instead of Queen Caroline. Sir Andrew was indignant at this. After which Pope attacked him in the most malignant manner, accusing him of having collected nothing but the most worthless curiosities. " The well dissembled emerald on his hand " is still in the possession of Mr. Fountaine ; and I think Mr. Hancock, of Bond Street, would pass a very good verdict " as to the utter falsehood of the libel. The good-natured Sir Andrew only laughed at his as- sailant, and Pope's bust is still to be seen in his library at Narford.* Sir Andrew made many tours through Italy, where he formed a great friendship with Cosmo de Medici, with whom a correspondence is still preserved. When he arrived at any Italian town he held a kind of levee, all the artists and distinguished men hastening to meet him. In matters of art, I am told by the highest authorities, that he was 150 years in advance of his age. Those who have had the pleasure of seeing the unrivalled collection of Majolica, and other treasiu'es collected by him, will rea- dily believe this. When I went to one of the most eminent connoisseurs in London with the miniature of Sir Andrew, he said, " That is like everything else of Sir Andrew Fountaine's I ever saw, perfect." * I should not have mentioned this attack, only it has been already alladed to in the Illustrated London News. 14 Those who have seeu the beautiful illuminated missal from the Narforcl collection, pronounced by every one whose opinion is of any value, to be one of the finest specimens of Italian art in existence, will also agree as to the won- derful taste exhibited in securing such a gem. There are other works in Narford which would be valuable to the historian, particularly a Prayer Book of Henry VIII., with his apparently dying words written in it by his own hand, a book that Mr. Froude would like to see. Surely the companion of Pope, Addison, and Swift, a man who could form a collection like this, was one of the i7iost distinguished men of his time. He was the trusted friend of Caroline of Anspach, wife of George H., and became her vice-chamberlain; indeed, so highly did Caroline appreciate his great abilities, that she requested him to superintend the education of her favourite son William. If he had kept a journal, no one could have given a better report of the secret affairs of the Courts of George I. and II. His memoirs would most probably have been as interesting as those of Lord Hervey ; but Sir A. Fountaine was a gentleman, and did not betray those with whom "he sat at meat." On the death of Su' I. Newton he became warden of the Mint, which situation he held till his death, in 1753. I am aware I have not been able to write the memoir that ought to be written of Sir A. Fountaine. I believe that it will be written by some more practised hand than mine. But I think enough has been stated to justify me in proposing, that if, on investigation, the statue is really that of Sir A. Fountaine, the inscription written by a celebrated nobleman, assisted by Bishop Hurd, should be altered, and some suitable memorial to Sir A. Fountaine substituted in its place. 15 Lord Macaulay, of course, may object to this, as he went into raptures when the great Whig statue was at last comfort- ably installed. He thus described it after giving a hard hit at the unfeeling widow. " At length, in our own time, his image, skilfully graven, appeared in Poets' Corner. It repre- sents him as we conceive him, clad in his dressing gown, and freed from his wig ; stepping from his parlour at Chelsea, into his trim little garden, with the account of the Everlasting Club, or the Loves of Hilpa and Shalum, just finished for the next day's Spectator, in his hand." All these raptures for the wigless Sir Andrew ! Of course a new statue of Addison must be erected ; and I have no doubt the subscriptions in this country and America would be immense. It ought to be done, if only to preserve one of Lord Macaulay's most magnificent pas- sages. In conclusion it may be said by some — "Why not let the matter rest ? Sir Andrew Fountaine was very handsome, and will do very well for Joseph Addison ! " But have we a right (if it is fair to deceive ourselves) — have we a right to deceive the confiding American, whose first visit would be to our National Portrait Gallery, by showing him that which is untrue ? I have it from one of the trustees of the N. P. Gallery, that of course if Lord Holland would have parted with his picture, it would have been purchased ; and then the nation would have been put to a useless expense. I think also, that this story ought to make great his- torians a little more careful as to their assertions. There may be manuscripts hidden in different country houses of England which would destroy half the histories that have been written. Have we not seen William Penn, the great man who founded a province in America, equal in intellect and wealth 16 to kingdoms in Europe, — have we not seen him lately ac- cused and sentenced by Lord Macaulay for the most degrading crimes, on evidence which would not have con- victed the lowest pickpocket at the Old Bailey, nay, in spite of direct evidence to the contrary ? And yet here, if the story of the Atheruenm is true, as true it is, the " man of infallibility," and the wisest of the wise have been gazing for years with " modest admiration" on the picture of Addison, which now is discovered to be nothing more than an indifferent copy of an original of Sir Andrew Fountaine, with the intellect squeezed out. A NORFOLK MAN. My own impression is strong, that Sir Stephen Fox and Sir Andrew Fountaine were friends, and exchanged portraits. I have good grounds for saying this. I have not alluded to the Congreve question raised by the Athenrpum but certainly while there is no resemblance, as far as I can see, between the Addison statue and the Sir A. Fountaine, at Mr. Farrar's, there is the most extraordinary likeness between the picture and the medaUion of Congreve in Westminster Abbey. I have it from the best authority that Sir E. Westmacott did take his statue from the picture at Holland House. Of course, whether it is taken from it or not has nothing to do with respect to the main question, as to the authenticity of the Holland House portrait. Sir K. ^Yestmacott unwigged the picture, and that may account for the unsatisfactory statue. The following from AV. M. T., s very interesting : — From the " AthencEum." The announcement about the portrait of Addison at Holland House has aroused public attention, and I may say has given to the cynical a hearty laugh. The facts are assumed to be a contradiction to a century and a half of tra- 17 (lition, if not of historical evidence. Yet is not this another case of what -vvas so clearly proved in your own paper upon Pope last week, in which the public build up for themselves historical evidences by inference and from circumstances merely imaginary ? The portrait was the well-known portrait of Addison, so lately the grace and ornament of Whig reunions on the walls of Holland House — the very Holland House in which Addison lived, with his wife the Countess of Warwick and Holland — the house whose rooms and grounds are filled with Addisonian traditions. It was, as you observe, the only portrait of Addison there, and had always been known as Addison's. Could the authenticity of such a portrait, in such a place, and in the possession as long as it has been known to exist of Lord Holland's family, be doubted by anybody ? The harmony and connexion between place, picture, and possessors were perfect, and all the world have believed. It does not seem to have struck any one — not even Lord Macaulay — to attempt to estimate the real value of this apparent, or assumed harmony and connexion. What are the facts? Holland House belonged to the Earls of Warwick and Holland. Addison married the widow of Edward, one of these Earls, and resided in Holland House till he died in 1719. In 1718 the only son of Lady Warwick came of age, and he died in 1721. Up to this period it is probable that the Countess resided there. But on the death of her son, the estate passed to collaterals — either to Edmund, eighth Earl of Warwick, or to Mr. William Edwardes, a Welsh gentleman, cousin to the seventh Earl, long after created Lord Kensing- ton. Thus, we have already a distinct family, — a remote collateral branch, — having, of course, very little sympathy ■ffith the Countess ; and the probabilities are, none at all ■with her mesalliance, as her second marriage was probably considered at that time. Here, at any rate, we have a IS clearing out of Addison, and his widow, and his daugliter, from Holland House ; and the widow and daughter probably removed to Addison's house at Bilton, where we know that the daughter lived and died in 1797. Is it to be Ijelicved that, under these circumstances, the widow would have left behind her a little Kit-Cat portrait of her husband, so light that she might have carried it away in her hand, and in her own carriage? Would she not have taken it with her to Bilton, where, on the daughter's death, were found portraits of Addison's contemporaries, which he himself had possessed 1 The improbabilities of their leaving it at Holland House to the neglect and possitjle contempt of their successors, seem to be great, even to be absurd. But we have not yet done with these improbabilities : for no sooner has the house changed hands, than it appears to have been let. In 1726, Mr. Morrice, high bailiff of Westminster, who married Atter- bury's daughter, " hired Holland House near Kensington," — as appears from the Daily Journal of the 4th of October, and, as if for ever to destroy all associations of Whigism, Pope's, " Downright Shippen," the celebrated Jacobite, oc- casionally lived there, and dated his letters thence. Mr. Leigh Hunt, in his Old Court Suburbs, says the house appears to have been let " on short leases, and to a variety of persons ; sometimes in apartments to lodgers ; " all of whom must have neglected and left the portrait behind them. The house and grounds appear to have been finally abandoned to the rats and the weeds. The author of A Tour through Cfreat Britain, published in 1748, mournfully describes " this famous old edifice " as having " long been decaying," and recommends its being pulled down. It had, by this time, evidently become too dilapidated even for its humble lodgers, and its rusty iron gates, broken shutters and wilder- ness of walks — no longer trodden by Whig or Jacobite — may be imagined by the help of Hood's poem of The Haunted 19 House. But the portrait, we are to believe, still hung in the darkness within upon the mouldering walls : and there it was found by an utter stranger, Mr. Henry Fox, who happened to take the property on a lease of lives, and finally pur- chased the house and made it habitable. Henry Fox was, in 1763, created Lord Holland — the title which, in the Rich family, had become extinct, being, I presume, suggested by the name of the property. Lord Holland died in 1773, and the house was again " unfurnished ; " and by 1796, when his son, Stephen Fox Lord Holland, returned from the Con- tinent, was once more " out of repair," and was " fitted up for his residence at considerable expense." The little marketable portrait of Addison, however, defied all these dilapidations and vicissitudes, and was then and ever after found still " hanging on the walls of Holland House." The history is one of indifference. The portrait is found there because neither the widow nor the daughter think it worth removal; because the Earl or Mr. Edwardes and Mr. Morrice, and the various holders of short leases were equally indif- ferent : and out of these indifferences grows up the romance, and all the romantic associations of the Addison portrait at Holland House. Just so far as the substitution of Fountaine for Addison rests on the intimate connexion of Fountaine with " Swift, Pope, and Addison," all the above objections apply with equal force. If Addison's connexion with Holland House will not authenticate a portrait of Addison at Holland House, neither can it authenticate a portrait of his friend Fountaine. Further, there seems to be some doubt on the subject ; else why the mention of the connexion between Sir Stephen Fox and Sir A. Fountaine ? Sir Stephen Fox died in extreme old age, when Fountaine must have been a young man ; but young or old, a portrait of Fountaine, in possession of Sir Stephen, had nothing whatever to do with 20 Fountaine's connexion with " Swift, Pope, and Addison," and nothing to do with Holland House, except by the accident that half a century afterwards the Fox family bought Holland House. It is strong presumptive evidence that this portrait was never considered the portrait of Addison by Addison's con- temporaries, or survivors, that it was never engraved. For twenty years after Addison's death, we have many portraits of him ; but not one from the portrait at Holland House. By the time the Fox family got possession of Holland House, Addison had become a classic. The place itself was sanctified by his name and memory ; there were, and there are, Addison walks and Addison rooms ; and an Addison portrait only was wanting to complete the charm. Of course if Henry Fox wanted a portrait of Addison, the dealers would find one ; and with the full flowing wig, and the loose wrapper of his day, there was no great difficulty ; any decent resemblance would pass. The existing portrait, therefore, may be one of Fountaine ; may be, as you think probable, from appearance, a Congreve, — and if it be not Congreve, I cannot distinguish between the Kit-Cat Con- greve and Fountaine. LONDON : PRINTED BY GEOKGE PHIPP3, HANELAGH STllEET, EATON SQUARE. SHAKESP EAR IAN J. A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, ETC. ILLUSTRATING THE LIFE AND WRITINGS OF SHAKESPEARE. " Whose remembrance yet Lives in men's eyes, and will to ears and tongues Be theme and hearing ever." CVMBULINE, Act in. sc. i. ON SALE BY JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 35, SOHO SQUARE, LONDON. 1870. Friu' Sixf^encc. A Catalogue of Books, Pamphlets, &c. ILLUSTRATING THE LIFE AND WRITINGS OF SHAKESPEARE. 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By John Jor- dan, of Stratford, Wlieelwright. 4to, view on title, seiucd, clean copy. 7s 6d Loud., 1777 52 SIX Old Plays on which Shakespeare founded six of his. Small 8vo, 2- vols in i, half calf gilt. 7s 6d — 2 vols, calf. 6s 6d i779 53 KING LEAR and Othello, collated with the Old and Modern Additions, by Jennens, 1780-3 — Life of Henry VIII., by Shakespeare, interspersed with His- torical Reflections on the fate of Wolsey, by Joseph Grove. 1758. In i vol, 8vo, half calf . 6s 6d 54 SHAKESPEARE'S Plays, edited by Johnson and Steevens, second edition. 10 vols, ^vo, portrait and plates, good copy, calf neat. ^i. is 177^ 1783 c,c, MALONE's Supplement to the Edition of Shake- speare's Plays, published in 1778, by Johnson and Steevens, containing additional Observations by seve- ral of the former Commentators, with the Genuine Poems of the same Author, and Seven Plays, ascribed to him, with Notes by the Editor. 1 vols, thick 8vo, calf gilt. 1 8s 1780 56 very fne copy, calf gilt, yellow edges. £1. is ^j MALONE's Second Appendix to his Supplement to the last Edition of the Plays. of Shakespeare. 8vo, only 50 copies privately printed, sezved. £1. 2S 58 DODD's (Dr.) Beauties of Shakespeare, regularly selected from each Play, with Index and Notes, third edition, with large additions, and the Author's last cor- rections with the Sarcastic Dedication to Lord Chester- field. 3 vols, lamo, calf. 4s 6d — Another, 7ieat and clean. 6s 1780 59 Small 8vo, oval portrait in title page, bound. 23 Dublin, 1783 5o — New Edition, i8mo, bds. is 6d Chiswick Press, 1 8 1 8 8 Catalogue of Books, &c., illustrating the 6 1 RICHARDSON'S Essays on Shakespeare's Dramatic Characters of Richard III., Lear, Timon of Athens, and an Essay on the Fauhs of Shakespear, &c. i8mo, calf. 2s 6d — boards, is 17^4 62 Second Edition. iimo,z^Y0, seiucd. 5s 1796 93 COMPARATIVE Review of the Opinions of Mr. James Boaden, in 1795, and of James Boaden, Esq., in 1796, relative to the Shakespeare MSS. By a Friend to Consistency. 8vo, seivcd (soiled), 2s — seivcd, 28 6d — half calf, 3s 6d 1796 94 VORTIGERN under Consideration, with General Remarks on Mr. J. Boaden's Letter to Geo. Steevens, Esq., relative to the MSS., Drawings, Seals, &c., ascribed to Shakespeare, and in the possession of Sam. Ireland. '&vo, scioed. 5s 179*5 95 CHALMERS' Apology and Supplemental Apology for the Believers in the Shakespeare Papers, which were exhibited in Norfolk Street. 2 vols, 8vo, bds., I2S — calf, I OS 6d 1797-99 96 CHALMERS (Geo.) Apology, Supplemental Apology, and Appendix for the Believers in the Shakespeare Papers. 3 vols, 8vo, boards, 15s — calf gilt, £1. is 1797 — 1800 97 CHALMERS' Supplemental Apology for Believers in the Shakespeare Papers. 8vo, boards, 5s — half calf, 5s 1799 98 IRELAND (W. H.) Authentic Account of the Shak- spearian Manuscripts, &c. Svo, sczt'cd, 3s — half bud., 3s 6d — calf 4s 6d 1796 99 PLUMPTRE (Jas.) Observations on Hamlet, and the motives which induced Shakespeare to fix upon the Story of Amleth, from the Chronicle of Saxo- Grammaticus, proving that he designed it as a censure on Mary Oueen of Scots. 8vo, seiucd. 5s Canib., 1796 100 WALDRON's (F. G.) Virgin Oueen, a Drama, attempted as a Sequel to Shakespeare's Tempest. 8vo, new half calf . js 1797 j^rjc ami Writings of Shakespeare. 13 10 1 RICHARDSON'S Essays on some of Shakespeare's Dramatic Characters ; to which is added, an Essay on the Faults of Shakespeare. 8vo, fifth edition, bds., 3 s — calf gilt, A^^ 6^ 1797 102 Another, differently dated. Svo, bds., 4s — ■ half calf , 4s 6d — whole calf, 5s 1798 This volume combines the Essays on Macbeth, IJamlct, Jacques, Imogen, Richard TIL, Lear, Timon of Athens, and Fedstaff. 103 MASON (Rt Hon. J. M.) Comments on the Plays of Beaumont and Fletcher, with an Appendix con- taining some further Observations on Shakespeare, extended to the late editions of Malone and Steevens. Svo, bds., 3s — half calf, 3s 6d — new half calf gilt, 5s 6d 1798 104 PYE's Comments on the Commentators of Shake- speare with Observations on his Genius and Writings, 1807. Richardson's Essays on some of Shakespeare's Dramatic Characters, and Essays on the Faults of Shakespeare, 1 798. In i vol, 8vo, russia, marbled leaves. 6s 105 DU BOIS (Edw.) The Wreath, containing Remarks on Shakespeare and Comparison of Horace and Lucian. Vo'it %Yo, fi-ont., bds. 3s 6d ^l99 106 IRELAND'S (W. H.) Vortigern, an historical Tragedy; and Henry the Second, an historical Drama. Zyo, half calf , scarce. 7s 6d i799 107 ESSENCE of Malone, or the "Beauties" of that fascinating writer, extracted from his Immortal Work, entitled, " Some Account of the Life and Writings of John Dryden," 1800 — Voice of Truth to the People of England on occasion of Lord Malmesbury's Return from Lisle, 1797 — Prophecy of Queen Emma, an ancient Ballad, lately discovered, written by Johannes Turgotis, Prior of Durham, in the reign of William Rufus, 1782 — The Stranger, a Comedy, translated from Kotzebue, i 798 — Remarks on the new edition of Bellendenus, with some observations on the extra- ordinary preface, 1787 — The Battle of Eddington, or British Liberty, a Tragedy, 1796. In i vol, 8vo, calf neat. 6s 14 Catalogue of Books, &c., illustrating the loS A BRIEF account of Stratford-upon-Avon, with a particular description and survey of the Collegiate Church, the Mausoleum of Shakespeare. i2mOj miatt, as clean as wJieii published \ rare. £i. is 1800 The first Guirle to the Toavti. 109 MALONE. Essence of Malone, or the beauties of that fascinating writer, extracted from his immortal work, the Life of John Dryden. 8vo, portraits of Malone and Hardinge inserted, bds., 5s — another, tuithout the portraits, 4s 1800 no HARDINGE's (George) Essence of Malone, or the " Beauties" of that fascinating writer in his Life of Dryden, 1800 — Another Essence of Malone, or the " Beauties" of Shakespeare's Editor. Both Parts in I vol, 8vo, half calf los 6d 1801 111 HARDINGE's (Geo.) Another Essence of Malone, or the " Beauties" oi Shakespeare's Editor. 8vo. 4s 1801 112 SECOND Part of King Henry the Fourth, altered from Shakespeare, by Dr. Valpy, as acted at Reading School. 8vo, sciued. 2S 1801 113 WALDRON (F. G.) Shakespearian Miscellany, a Collection of Scarce and. Valuable Tracts. 4to, with only three portraits, seived. 5 s 1802 114 REMARKS, Critical, Conjectural, and Explanatory, upon the Plays of Shakespeare, resulting from Colla- tion of the Early Copies with that of Johnson and Steevens, with some valuable Extracts from the MSS. of Lord Chedworth. By E. H. Seymour. 2 vols, 8vo, half riissia. 5s — half calf 6s — new half calf extra. 8s 6d 1805 115 CHEDWORTH (John, Lord) Notes upon some of the obscure Passages in Shakespeare's Plays, with Re- marks upon the Explanations and Amendments of the Commentators in the Editions of 1785, 1790, and 1793. "iyYo, pcncil-drazving portrait of Lord C. in- serted, and autograph, calf -neat, Dawson Turner'' s copy. los 6d _ 1805 j^ije ana writings of Shakespeare. 15 116 CHED WORTH (Lord) Notes upon Shakespeare's Plays. 8vOj privately printed, calf, ys 6d — half calf . 6s 6d 1805 1 1 7 CONFESSIONS of Will. Henry Ireland, containing the Particulars of his Fabrication of the Shakespeare MauAiscripts, with Anecdotes and Opinions of many distinguished Persons. Cr. Svo, facsimiles, ncio half calf, carmine edges, 7s 6d 1805 1 1 7 portraits, bds. 12s 1827 149'" iVIEMORIALS of Shakespeare ; or, Sketches of his Character and Genius by various Writers, with Notes by Dr. Nathan Drake. 8vo, boards, 4s — hf. cf. gt., 5s 1S28 I 50 SAGGIO sugli scritti e sul genio di Shakespear, opera di Mad. Montagu, traduzione dall Inglese. Svo, nezij hf. cf. gt. 3s Fircnzc, 1828 151 SELECTIONS from Shakespeare, by Benjamin Oakley, Esq. 8vo, boards. 3s 1828 152 SHAKESPEARE s Poemis. i2mo,zoith tJirce en- gravings after Corbould, bds., 3s — nczv hf cf, 4s Land. f. Dove, (1830) 153 FIFTH of November; or, the Gunpowder Plot. An historical Play, supposed to be written by William Shakespeare. Svo. 2s 1830 154 SHAKESPEARIAN Anthology, comprising the Choicest Passages and entire Scenes. With Biograph- ical Sketch. Cr. Svo, hf. cf, 2s — bds., 4s 6d 1830 155 SHAKESPEPJAN Anthology. Post Svo, /^^/rrrt'^-. AS 1S31 156 HUNDRED (The) Merry Tales, or Shakespeare's Jest-Book, 1 2 mo, bds. 3s 6d 1S31 The title 15 a misnomer. It should be called "Tales and Quick Answers," No. 304 is the true Shakespeare's Jest-Book. i-.-1-je ana Writings of Shakespeare, 19 157 LITERARY and Graphical Illustrations of Shakspeare and the British Drama, with Critical and Descriptive Notices of upwards of one hundred of the most cele- brated Tragedies, Comedies, Operas, and Farces. Svo, miincro2is woodcids^ cloth. 3s 6d — calf gilt. 5s _ 1831 1 58 VORTIGERN, an Historical Play, represented at Drury Lane, April 2, i 796, as a supposed newly dis- covered Drama of Shakespeare, by William Henry Ireland. Neiv edition., witJi an original Preface. ^YO, facsi7nile. is 6d (original price, 3s 6d) 1832 The Preface is both interesting and eurious, from the additional information it gives respecting tire Shakespeare Forgeries, containing also the substance of the author's Confessions. 159 HAMLET and As You Like it, a specimen of an edition of Shakespeare, by Thos. Caldecott. Roy. Svo, cloth. 6s 1832 160 COLLIER'S (J. P.) New Facts regarding the Life of Shakespeare (1835) — New Particulars regarding the Works of Shakespeare (1836). In one vol, post Svo, calf gilt. I OS 6d 161 COLLIER (J. P.) New Facts regarding the Life of Shakespeare. Small Svo, cloth, only $0 printed. 6s 1835 162 New Particulars regarding the Works of Shakespeare. Small 8vo, cloth, only ^o printed. 6s 163 BO ADEN on the Sonnets of Shakespeare, identifying the person to whom they are addressed. Svo, scarce. 5s 1837 164 SHAKESPEARE and his Friends, or the Golden Age of Merry England. 8vo, half calf gilt, marbled edges. 5s — served. 3s 6d Paris, 1838 i64*TRADITIONARY Anecdotes of Shakespeare, col- lected in Warwickshire in 1693. %Yo, sewed, is 1838 165 SHAKESPEARE'S Autobiographical Poems, being his Sonnets clearly developed, with his Character drawn from his Works, by C. A. Brown. Post Svo, cloth. 4s 6d 183S 20 Catalogue of Books, &c., illustrating the i65(?OBSERVATIONS on an Autograph of Shakespeare, and the Orthography of his Name. By Sir Fred- Madden. Svo, seized. IS 1838 166 WHATELY's Remarks on some of the Characters ot Shakespeare. Secoicl edition, iiiwo, bds. 2s 6d Oxford, 1808 167 Third edition, Edited by Dr. Whately, Abp. of Dubhn. iimo, cloth. 3s 1839 i67«PATTERSON (Robert) Natural History of the In- sects mentioned in Shakespeare's Plays. \ 2mOj nume- rous zvoodcuts, cloth. 3s 6d 1838 168 YOUTH of Shakespeare, or Love and Genius, by the author of " Shakespeare and his Friends." 3 vols, post ?>YO, half bound, circ. library copy. 3s — boards, clean copy. 6s 6d 1839 169 THE Youth of Shakespeare, by the Author of " Shakespeare and his Friends." 8vo, /if. calf marb. edges. 5 s Paris, 1839 1 70 ULRICI (Herman) Ueber Shakespeare's Dramatische Kunst, und sein Verhaltnisz zu Calderon und Goethe. Zyo, calf extra, -tnarblcd edges, 7s — seived. 3s 6d Halle, 1839 171 SHAKESPEARE'S Seven Ages, illustrated by Mul- ready, Leslie, Constable, Wilkie, Landseer, &c. [wants plate of pavement at Sienna). 4to. 3s 6d Land. Van Voorst, 1840 172 MACDONNEL (P.) Essay on the Tempest, with remarks on the superstitions of the Middle Ages. 8vo. sewed. 3s 6d 1840 173 SHAKESPEARE'S Library.— A Collection of the Romances, Novels, Poems, and Histories, used by Shakespeare as the foundation of his Dramas, with Notes, by J. P. Collier. 2 vols, Svo, cloth. £1. is 1840 1 74 LANDSCAPE Illustrations to Shakespeare, by G. F. Sargent. 2 1 fne plates, folio, proofs on ijidia paper. 7s 6d 1841 Life and Writings of Shakespeare. 21 175 COLLIER'S (J. P.) Reasons for a New Edition of Shakespeare, 8vo. is (1841) — second edition, is 1842 176 SHAKESPEARIANA, a Catalogue of the Early Editions of Shakespeare's Plays, and of the Commen- taries and other Publications illustrative of his Works. By J. O. Halliwell. Svo, cloth. 3s — second hand copy, cloth. 2s 1 841 ' ' Indis]3ensable to everybody wlio wishes to carry on any inquiries connected \\ii\\ Slialccspeare, or who may have a fancy for Shalvcspeariau Eibliography. " — SpLVtator. 177 SHAKESPEARIAN Readings, intended as Exercises in Elocution. By B. H. Smart. Thick 1 2mo, cloth. 3s 1842 1 78 ACCOUNT of the only known Manuscript of Shake- speare's Plays, comprising some important variations and corrections in the " Merry Wives of Windsor," obtained from a Playhouse Copy of that Play recently discovered. By. J. O. Halliwell. 8vo. is 1843 1 79 THE first Sketch of Shakespeare's Merry Wives of Windsor, edited by J. O. Halliwell. 8vo, cloth. 3s 6d Shakespeare Soc, 1842 1 80 TIMON, a Play (somewhat resembling Shakespeare's) now first printed from a MS., edited by Rev. A. Dyce. ^Yo, cloth. 2e Shakespeare Soc, 1842 181 WILLIAM Shakespeare a Biography. By Charles Knight. Thick royal 8vo, with about 100 fine wood- cuts by Harvey, Fairholt, and others, cloth, gt. edg. 9s 1843 182 RELIGIOUS and Moral Sentences culled from the Works of Shakespeare compared with Sacred Passages drawn from Holy Writ. 8vo, portraits, cloth. 5 s 1843 183 KNIGHT's Library Shakespeare. 8vo, vol 12, un- cut. 3s 1 844 A useful volume aside other editions, as it contains Shakespeare's Poems, witli Annotations, a running abstract of the doulntful Plays, Glossarial Index and a]i Index of Persons, shewing the Act and Scene in which each is mentioned throughout the whole of Shakespeare's Plays, 184 DYCE's Remarks on Mr. J. P. Collier's and Mr. C. Knight's editions of Shakespeare. 8vo, cloth, ys 6d — half calf 8s 1844 22 Catalogue of Books, &C.-, illustrating the 185 HUNTER (Joseph) New Illustrations of the Life, Studies, and Writings of Shakespeare, S7ipplementary to all the editions. 2 vols, 8vo, cloth, 7s 6d, (pub £1. is) — neiu half calf gilt, los 6d — whole calf extra, 13s 6d 1845 186 HALLIWELL's Illustrations of the Fairy Mytholo- gy of a Midsummer Night's Dream. 8vo, cloth. 5s 6d SJiakespeare Sac, 1845 187 THE Diary of Philip Henslowe (the Companion of Shakespeare) 1 591-1609, printed from a MS,, edited by J. P. Collier. 8vo, cloth. 5s Shakespeare Soc., 1845 188 MEMOIRS of the Principal Actors in the Plays of Shakespeare, by J. P. Collier. 8vo, cloth. 5s 6d SJiakespeare Soc, 1846 189 ESSAY on the Character of Macbeth. 8vo. 2s 1846 190 "WHO was 'Jack Wilson,' the Singer of Shake- speare's Stage ?" An attempt to prove the identity of this person with John Wilson, Doctor of Music in the University of Oxford, a.d. 1644, by E. F. Rimbault, LL.D. 8vo. IS 1846 191 SHAKSPE ARE'S Dramatic Art, and his Relation to Calderon and Goethe ; translated from the German of Dr. Hermann Ulrici. Svo, cloth. los 1846 192 ULRICI (Dr. Hermann) Shakespeare's Dramatische Kunst. Part II. only. Svo, nc-io half calf. 3s 193 A LIFE of Shakespeare, including many particulars respecting the Poet and his Family, never before pub- lished, by J. O. Halliv/ell, F.Pv.S., &c. In one handsome volume, 8vo, illustrated zuith seventy-six engravings on zoood, of objects, most of zuhich are nezv, from drazoings by FairJiolt, cloth. 15s 1848 This "work contains upwards of forty documents respecting Slial^espeare and his family, ne-^er iKfore piiblislied, Ijesides numerous others, indirectly illus- trating the Poet's biogi"aphy. All the anecdotes and traditions concerning Shakespeare are here, for the first time, collected, and much new light is thrown on his personal histor)', by papers exhibiting him as selling Malt, Stone, &c. Of the seventy-six engravings which illustrate the volume, more than fifty have never befoie been engraved. Life and Writings of SJiakespeare. 23 1 94 CRITICISM applied to Shakespeare. By C. Badham. Post 8vo. IS 1846 195 COMPLETE History of Theatrical Entertainments, DramaSj Mas(|ues, and Triumphs at the English Court from the time of King Henry the 8th, to the present day, edited by J. C. Chapman, 4to, fine plates of Shakespeare Scenes by Finden^ cloth extra. 12s 1849 It includes an account of the Shakespeare Plays perlormed before the Queen at Windsor Castle, Christmas 1S4S-9. 196 THE Shakespeare Society's Papers, vol i. cloth. 3s — vol 4. avoy cloth. 3s 1849 197 STUDIES of Shakespeare, forming a Companion Volume to every edition ot the Text, by Charles Knight. 8vo, frontispiece of 5 portraits, cloth. 5s - 1846 198 CROKER (Crofton) Remarics on an Article inserted in the Papers of the Sliakespeare Society. Small 8vo, sezoed, is — nezu half calf 2s (1849) 199 NEW BOKE about Shakespeare and Stratford on Avon, by J. O. Hlalliwell. aXo, facsimiles and loood- C2itsy 75 copies, printed cloth. £2. 2s ^850 200 THE Remarks of M. Karl Simrock on the Plots of Shakespeare's Plays, v/ith notes and additions by J. O. Kalliwell. 'Hivo, cloth. 3s Shakespeare Soc, 1850 201 BARNETT (Morris) On the Tempest, as a Lyrical Drama. 8vo. is 1850 202 DER Mythus von William Shakespeare eine Kritik der Shaksperischen Biographic von Nicolaus Delius, 8vo. 3s Bonn, 1851 203 REFLECTIONS from Shakespeare's CHfF. 1 2mo, half calf 23 1 85 1 204 THREE Essays on Shakespeare's Tragedy of King Lear. By Pupils of the City of London School. 8vo, nciv half calf gilt. 53 1851 205 A FEW Remarks on the Emendation, " Who Smothers her v/ith Painting," in the Play of Cymbe- line, discovered by Mr. Collier, in a corrected copy of the Second edition of Shakespeare, by J. O. Halliwell, F.R.S., &c. 8vo. IS 1852 24 Catalog Jic of Books, &c., illustrating' the 206 BELL'S (Dr. W.) Shakespeare's Puck and his Folks- lore. 3 vols, sm. 8vo, cloifi. 15s 1852-64 207 vol 2, cloth: 7s 6d 1 86 1 208 vol 3, cloth. 5s 1864 209 SOME Account of the Antiquities, Coins, Manu- scripts, Rare Books, Ancient Documents, and other Reliques, illustrative of the Life and Works of Shake- speare, in the possession of J. O. Halliwell, Esq. 4to, cloth, engs., 80 copies printed. £2. 5s 1852 210 THE Grimaldi Shakespeare. — Notes and Emendations on the Plays on Shakespeare, from a recently-discover- ed annotated copy, by the late Joe Grimaldi, Esq., Comedian, 'ivo, luoodcuts. is 1853 A humorous .squib on Collier's Shakespeare Emendations. 211 CURIOSITIES of Modern Shakespeare Criticism. By J. O. Halliwell. 8vo, with the first facsimile made of the Didixjich letter, sewed, is 1853 2 1 2 NOTES and Emendations to the Text of Shakespear's Plays, from early Manuscript Corrections in a Copy of the Folio, 1632, in the possession of J. Payne Collier. 8vo, cloth, 7s bd—half calf gilt, 8s 6d 1853 The First Edition, containing matter siippre'-sed in the Second. 213 OBSERVATIONS on Some of the Manuscript Emendations (in. Collier s volume) of the Text of Shakespeare, and are they Copyright ? By J. O. Halliwell. 8vo, sewed. 6d 1853 214 A FEW Notes on Shakespeare, with Occasional Re- marks on the Emendations of the Manuscript-Correc- tor in Mr. Collier's copy of the Folio, 1632. By the Rev. Alexander Dyce. 8vo, cloth. 5s 1853 "IMr. Dyce's Notes are peculiarly delightful, from the stores of illustration with which his extensive reading, not only among our Araters, but among those of other countries, especially of the Italian poets, has enabled him to enrich them. All that he has recorded is valuable. We read his little volume with pleasure, and close it with regi-et." — Literary Gazette. 215 HUNTER'S Few Words in reply to the Animad- versions of the Rev. Mr. Dyce, on Mr. Hunter's " Disquisition on the Tempest," and his " New Illustrations of the Life of Shakespeare," contained in his work, entitled, " A few Notes on Shakespeare,'' &c. Bvo, sewed, is 1853 Life and Writings of Shakespeare. 25 2i5« SHAKESPEARE Restored (Macbeth Annotated, with Introduction by Mr. Elwin). 4to, only 100 privately printed, ^i. is 1853 216 singer's Text of Shakespeare Vindicated from the Interpolations and Corruptions advocated by J. P. Colher, in his " Notes and Emendations." 8vo, clotli. 3s 6d 1S53 217 COLLIER'S Alte Handschriftliche Emendationen zum Shakspere gewurdigt von D. Nicolaus DeHus. Svo, sezved. 3s — half calf , 3s 6d Bonn, 1853 218 DIE SHAKESPEARE.— Literatur bis mitte 1854 von P. B. Sillig, ein bibliographischer versuch einge- fuhrt von H. Ulrici. Svo. 2s 6d Leipzig, 1854 219 HAZLITT's (W.) Characters of Shakspeare's Plays, edited by his Son. Fcap. Svo, 5th edition, clotJi. 2S 1854 220 THE Midsummer Night; or, Shakespeare and the Fairies, from the German of Ludwig Tieck. By Mary C. Rumsey. Svo, privately printed, eloth. 4s 6d 1854 221 SHAKESPEARE Repository. Edited by J. H. Fennell. Nos. i to 4, all pnb. loith the titles printed iji black (being red in the published copies). 5s 1853 222 SHAKESPEARE'S Versification, and its apparent irregularities explained by examples from Early and late English Writers. By Wm. S. Walker, edited by W. N. Lettsom. Fcap. Svo, if/^Z/^ 6s 1854 "The reader of Shakespeare would do well to make himself acquainted ^^'ith this excellent little book previous to entering upon the study of the poet." — Mr. Sinofr in the Preface to his Ne-uJ Edition of Shakespeare. 223 SHAKESPEARE'S Scholar, being Historical and Critical Studies of his Text, Characters, and Commen- tators, with Examination of Mr. Collier's Folio of 1632. By R. Grant White. Thick Svo, ,f/<9//^. 12s New York, 1854 224 INDIAN Leisure. Petrarch translated. On the Character of Othello, Agamemnon, The Henriad Anthology. By Captain Robt. Macgregor. 8vo, cloth. 6s 1854 26 Catalogite of Books, &c., ilhistrating the 225 WITHERS (J. R.) Poems (contains Shakespeare's Characters in 8 pages). \2m.o, clotJi. 2s 1S54 226 A GARLAND of Shakespeariana, recently added to the Library and Museum of J. O. H. 25 copies printed. 5s 1854 227 TAYLOR (J. E.) The Moor of Venice, Cinthio's Tale and Shakespeare. Post 8vo. is 1855 228 CURSORY Notes on various Passages in the Text of Beaumont and Fletcher, as edited by the Rev, Alex- ander Dyce, and on his " Few Notes on Shakespeare." By the Rev. John Mitford. Svo, ^ert'd-c/. 2s 6d 1856 229 HAMLET, — An Attempt to ascertain whether the Queen were an Accessory before the Fact, in the Murder of her First Husband. Svo. scivecl. 2S 1856 ' ' This pamijlilet wcW deserves the perusal of every student of Hamlet. " — Notes a7id Quii-'us. 230 SHAKESPEARE Story Teller; Introductory Leaves, or Outline Sketches, with choice Extracts in the Words of the Poet himself, v/ith an Analysis of the Characters. By George Stephens, Professor of the Eiipiish Lanzuao'e and Literature in the Uni- vcrsity of Copenhagen. 8vo, Nos. i to 6. 6d each 1856 231 CATALOGUE of a very valuable Collection of Shakespearian and Dramatic Literature, chiefly con- sisting of the Books used in the first five vols of Mr. Halliwell's Folio Shakespeare. Svo. is 1856 232 BACON and Shakespeare, an Inquiry touching Players, Play-houses, and Play -writers of the Reign of Q. Elizabeth, to which is appended an Abstract of a Manuscript Autobiography of Tobie Matthews, by W. H. Smith. Foolscap Svo, ctoth. 2s 6d 1857 " Lord Palmerston was tolerably well up in the chief Latin and English Classics : but he entertained one of the most extraordinary paradoxes touch- ing the greatest of them that was ever broached by a man of his intellectual calibre. He maintained tliat the plays of .Slrakcspeare ^^•ere really v\'ritten by Bacin, who passed them olT under the name of an actor, for fear of com- promising his professional prospects and philosophic gravity. Only last year, when this subject was discussed at Broadlands, Lord Palmerston suddenly left the room, and speedily returned with a small volume of dramatic criticisms (Mr. Smith's book) in which the same theory was supported by supposed analogies of thought and expression. 'There,' said he, 'read that, and you will come over to nry opinion." — J^ras:r's Mlag. A^ov. 1865. Life and Writings of Shakespeare. 27 233 SMITH (W. H.) Was Lord Bacon the author of Shakepeare's Plays ? 8vo. is 1856 234 LEGEND of Shakespeare's Crab Tree; with Des- criptive Account shewing its relation to the Poet's Traditional History, by Charles F. Green. 4to, sub- scriber'' s cop}':, 10 plates, bds. 7s 6d 185 7 235 Another copy, 4to, witk portrait of Slialie- speare from tlie first Folio added, bds. 6s 6d Lond. (i860) 236 SHAKESPEARE'S Complete Works, with Memoir and Essay by Barry Cornwall, also Historical and Critical Studies of Shakespeare's Text, by R. Grant White, and R. H. Horne. 3 vols, imperial 8vo, witli minicrous engravings on wood and steel, from designs by Kenny Meadows, elegant, in half green morocco, top edges gilt. £\. xbs, 1858 237 SHAKESPERIAN Drolls, from the Theatre of In- genuity, 1698, containing the Mad Wooing — The Boaster, or Bully Huff catch'd in a Trap. Square \2TCi.o, limited to 2iO copies, half morocco. i8s 1859 238 STRICTURES on Mr. Collier's New Edition of Shakespeare, published in 1858, by the Rev. Alexan- ander Dyce. Zyo, cloth. 5s (original price 7s 6d) 1859 239 SHAKESPEARE'S King Henry the Fifth, with Notes by Charles Kean. 8vo. is 1859 240 THE Shakespeare Fabrications, or the MS. Notes of the Perkins Folio shown to be of Recent Origin, with Appendix on the authorship of the Ireland Forgeries, by C. Mansfield Ingleby, LL.D. Foolscap 8vo, with a- facsimile shoiuing ths pscudo old writing and the pencilled zvords, clotli. 3s 1859 241 NEW Exegesis of Shakespeare, interpretation of his principal characters and plays on the principle of Races. Post 8vo, cloth. 4s 6d 1859 242 THE Sonnets of Shakespeare, re-arrajiged, and divivded into four parts, with an Introduction and Ex- planatory Notes. Post 8vo, cloth. 3s 6d 1859 243 MAGINN's (Dr.) Shakespeare Papers, Pictures Grave and Gay. Yo^t^NO, cloth, 3s 1859 2 8 Catalogue of Books :, &c.y ilhistrating the 244 SHAKESPEARE'S Romeo und Julia eine Kritische ausgabe des ueberlieferten doppeltextes, von Tycho Mommsen. Royal 8vo. 3s 6d Oldenberg, 1859 245 A CRITICAL Examination of the Text of Shake- speare ; together with Notes on his Plays and Poems, by the late W. Sidney Walker. Edited by W. Nanson Lettsom. 3 vols, fcap. 8vo, cloth. i8s i860 " Very often we find ourselves differing from Mr. Walker on readings and interpretations, but we seldom differ from him without respect for his scholar- ship and care. His are not the wild guesses at truth which neither gods nor men have stomach to endure, but the suggestions of a trained intelligence and a chastened taste. Future editors and commentators will be bound to consult these volumes, and consider their suggestions." — AthcjKe^nn. " A valuable addition to our Philological Literature, the most valuable part being the remarks on contemporaiy literature, and the mass of learning by which the exact meaning and condition of a word is sought to be established." — Litcra7y Gazette. " Mr. Walker's Works undoubtedly form altogether the most valuable body of verbal criticism that has yet appeared fronr the pen of an individual. " — Jlir. Dycc's Preface to Vol. I. of Slial:espeare, 1864. 246 SHAKESPEARE and the Bible, shewing how much the great Dramatist was indebted to Holy Writ for his Profound Knowledge of Human Nature. By the Rev. T. R. EATon. Fcap. 8vo, cloth. 2S 6d i860 247 MALONE. — Life of Edward Malone, Editor of Shakespeare, with selections from his Manuscript Anecdotes. By Sir James Prior. 8vo, portrait, cloth. 43 6d (pub at 14s) i860 Containing many curious particulars of Malone's Shakesperian researches. 248 HALLIWELL's Hand List of the Early English Literature preserved in the Malone Collection in the Bodleian Library, selected from the printed catalogue of that Collection. Royal 8vo, printed for private circulation, cloth. 7s 6d i860 249 SHAKSPEARE DROLL.— The Merry Conceited Humour of Bottom the Weaver, composed out of the Comic Sceiies in the Midsummer Night's Dream, about 1646, also the Conceited Humours of Simple- ton the Smith. Edited by J. O. Halliwell. Square i2mo, only thirty printed, half morocco. i8s i860 250 HARDY (Thomas DufFus) Review of the present state of the Shakesperian Controversy. 8vo, scarce. 3s i860 j^tje and IVritings of Shakespeare. 29 251 SHAKESPEARE DROLLS.— The Droll of the Bouncing Knight^, or the Robbers Robbed ; to which is added the Droll of the Grave-makers. Both con- structed out of Shakespeare's Plays, about A. D. 1647, and acted at Bartholemew and other Fairs. Square i2mo, limited to tJiirty copies, Iialf morocco. 15s i860 252 COLLIER, Coleridge and Shakespeare, a Review by the Author of " Literary Cookery." 8vo, cloth. 3s 6d i860 253 HAMILTON (N. E. S. A.) Inquiry into the Gen- uineness of the Manuscript Corrections in Mr. J. P. Collier's Annotated Shakespeare Folio, 1632 ; and of certain Shakespearian Documents published by Mr. Collier. 4to, facsimiles-, cloth. 3s 6d i860 254 Another Copy, with Autograph Letter of the author, and other additions inserted by Dr. W. Bell. 4to, cloth. 6s i860 255 STRICTURES on Mr. Hamilton's Inquiry into the Genuineness of the MS. Corrections in J. Payne Col- lier's Annotated Shakespeare Folio, 1632. By Scru- tator. Z^o, sewed, is i860 256 CROKER's (T. Crofton) Walk from London to Fulham, (with a paper on the probability of the Gol- den Lion at Fulham having been frequented by Shake- speare in 1595 — 6). Post 8vo, with nearly 150 woodcuts by Fairholt, clotli. 3s 6d i860 257 A SKELETON Hand-list of the Early Quarto Editions of the Plays and Poems of Shakespeare. 8vo, printed on paper for insertions, limited to thirty copies, half morocco. i8s i860 258 THE FOOTSTEPS of Shakespeare, or a Ramble with the Early Dramatists ; containing new and inter- esting Information respecting Shakespeare, Lyly, Marlowe, Green and others. Post 8vo, cloth. 5s 6d 1861 259 SHAKESPEARE, his Friends and Contemporaries. By G. M. Tweddell. Second Edition. 8vo, Parts I to III (all pub). 6d each 1861 — 3 30 Catalogue of Books , &c., illustrating the 260 PROCEEDINGS of the Lit. and Phil. Society of Liverpool, No. 16. 8vo. 2s 6d 1861 Containing P. H. Rathbone's Apology for Lady Macbeth, and Dr. Baar on Hamlet and bausl. 261 SHAKESPEARE'S Sonnets, never before Imprinted. London, by G. Eld, 1606. Reproduced in facsimile by the process of Photo-zincography, from a copy of the rare original at Bridgewater House. Small 4to, half morocco. 9s 1862 262 SHAKESPEARE No Deerstealer; era Short Ac- count of Fulbroke Park, near Stratford-on-Avon. By C. Holte Bracebride. 8vo, privately printed. IS 6d 1862 263 NOTICE de la belle Collection Shakespearienne formee par M. J. Moulin. 8vo. is 6d A mstcrdam , 1862 264 A BRIEF Hand Book of the Records belonging to to the Borough of Stratford-on-Avon ; with notes of a few of the Shakespearian Documents. Square post 8vo, cloth., (only 50 printed). 7s 6d 1862 265 SHAKESPEAPvE.— A Midsummer Night's Dream — The Merchant of Venice — The Merry Wives of Windsor — Love's Labour Lost — Richard II. — Henry the Fourth, ist and 2nd parts — Henry the Fifth — Richard III. — King Lear — Titus Andronicus — Troilus and Cressida^ — Henry the Sixth, 3 part — Romeo and Juliet — Othello — Hamlet — Much adoe about Nothing. ]Vitli notices of the known editions previoJtsly issued. /\.to, half niorcoco. £7,. los London, Booth, 1862 — 5 These comprise the seventeen plays not printed in Shakespeare's life-time They are reprinted and repaged from Eootli's reprint of the lirst folio edition, each bound separately, and to every leaf four blank ones arc added for notes, etc. 266 INGLEBY (C. M.) Complete View of the Shake- speare Controversy. Bvo, facsimiles, cloth. 7s 6d 1861 267 PEARLS of Shakespeare ; a collection of the most brilliant Passages found in his Plays. Sm. 8vo, zvitli- iiwnerons cuts from designs by Kenny Uleadows, \2rs\0, extra clcith^ gilt edges. 2S 6d (1863) j^tje and [Vritm^s of Shakespeare. 31 if)^ CLARKE'S (C. Cowden) Shakespeare Characters^ chiefly those subordinate. Thick 8vo, half morocco^ iinciif. 7s 1 863 269 HALLIWELUs Descriptive Calendar of the Ancient Manuscripts and Records of the Corporation of Strat- ford-upon-Avon, inchiding Notices of Shakespeare and his Family, and of several persons connected with the Poet. Thick folio, only J ^ printed, half bound, uncut. £5- S^ 1863 270 WHELER's Historical Account of the Birth-place of Shakespeare, reprinted from the edition of 1824, with a few prefatory remarks by J. O. Halliwell. 8vo, front. IS 6d 1863 271 SHAKSPERE and Jonson. Dramatic versus Wit- Combats, Auxiliary Forces — Beaumont and Fletcher, Marston, Decker, Chapman, and Webster. Post 8vo, 4s 1864 272 BRIEF Hand List of the Collections respecting the Life and Works of Shakespeare, and the History and Antiquities of Stratford-upon-Avon, formed by the late Robert Bell Wheler, and presented by his sister to that Town, to be preserved for ever in the Shakespeare Library and Museum. Sm. square 8vo. 7s 6d Cliisioicli Press y 1863 Only loo printed, not for sale, at the expense of Mr. Halliwell. 273 REPRINTS of Scarce Pieces of ShakespeareiCriticism : No. I, " Remarks on the Tragedy of Hamlet. Loud, 1736." Fcap. %No, sezved. is 6d 1864 274 SHAKESPEARE as put forth in 1632, a Reprint (page for page and line for line) of the first foHo edition. Small 4to, (to stand on an 8vo shelf) beau- tifully printed, cloth. i8s (pub at ^i. 14s) Booth, 1864 275 SHAKESPEARE'S Coriolanus. Edited with Notes and Preface, by F. A. Leo, with a Quarto fac-simile of the Tragedy of Coriolanus, from the folio of 1632, photolithographed by A. Bouchard, and with Extracts from North's Plutarch. 4to, elegantly printed, extra cloth. 15s 1864 32 Catalogue of Books, &c., illustrating the 276 A SHAKESPEARE Memorial (his Life, Birth- place, and Plays). Royal /\to, coloured front, and numerous fine zvoodcuts. is 6d 1864 Got up v.-\{h a S'OO'l deal of lastc, anil a marvel of cheapness. 277 SHAKESPEARE, his birthplacCj home, and grave, a Pilgrimage to Stratford- on- A von, by Rev. J. M. Jephson. 4to, photographic plates by Earnest Edzuards, cloth gilt. los 6d (pub £1. is) 1864 2 78 HALL'S (H. T.) Shaksperian Fly-leaves, Nos. i to 5, and Shaksperian Statistics. Post 8vo. 2s 1864-5 279 SHAKESPEARE'S Seven Ages, depicted by Robert Smirke, reduced by Photography ; seven Designs and two Portraits. Square i2mo, cloth, a pretty gem. 2s 1864 280 WILLIAM Shakespeare, par Victor Hugo. Thick 8vo, half calf extra, vwirblcd leaves. 6s 6d Paris, 1864 281 POEMS (in Hlodern Greek) on the Shakespeare Centenary. Folio. 5s (1864) 282 RICORDO a Shakespeare, under the auspices of Shakespeare's Tercentenary Birth, 50 Sonnets by James Pincherle. 8vo. 3s Trieste, 1864 283 TRANSACTIONS of the Historical Society of Lancashire and Cheshire. New series, vol 4, cloth. 2s 6d 1864 Contains Dr. A. Hume's Oration on the Tercentenary of Shakespeare, and Dr. Baar on the Moral Ideas of Shakespeare. 284 CLARKE'S (Mary Cowden) Girlhood of Shake- speare's Heroines in a Series of Tales. 3 vols, i2mo, cloth. 4s 6d 1864 285 SHAKESPEARE'S Comedy of "Much ado about Nothing," photo-lithographed from the matchless original of 1600 in the possession of the Earl of Ellesmere. Sm. 4to, half mor. los 6d 1864 286 KENNY'S (Thos.) Life and Genius of Shakespeare. 8vo, portrait and plate, cloth. 3s 6d (pub at 1 2s) 1864 287 SHAKSPEREIANA verzeichniss von Schriften von und uber Shakespeare, 8vo. is Wien, 1864 j^ije ana writings of Shakespeare, 33 288 HALLIWELL's Historical Account of New Place, the residence of Shakespeare at Stratford-on-Avon. Folio, viany engravings, eloili. £2. 12s 6d 1864 This Avork contains a minute history of T\cw I'lace, from the year 1497 to the present time ; an account of its locality at Stratford, exhibiting Shake- speare's social position in the Town ; a discovery of the period of his final re- tirement to Stratford ; the probable causes and character of his last illness, &e, 289 FULLOM (S. W.) History of William Shakespeare, Player and Poet, with new Facts and Traditions. 8vo, seeonel celition^ clot/i. 5s 1S64 290 THREE Notelets on Shakespeare. I. Shakespeare in Germany. II. The Folk-Lore of Shakespeare. III. Was Shakespeare ever a Soldier ? By W. J. Thorns ■ Post 8vo, elotJi. 4s 6d 1865 ' ' On this subject of Shakespeare in Germany, Mr. W. J. Thorns has reprinted a paper read some years ago before the Society of Antiquaries, together with two other ' Notelets' on the Poet —'The Folk Lore of Shakespeare,' from the Athen.-eum, and 'Was Shakespeare a Soldier?' from Notes and Queries, Not Ih e least of Mr. Thom's many services to English literature is the invention of th at admirable viOxA folk-lore, which appeared for the first time in these columns on ly a few years ago, and has already become a domestic term in eveiy corner of the world. His illustration of .Shakespeare's kno^'ledge of this little \\'orld of fairy dreams and legends is a perfect bit of criticism. He answers the query as to .'^hakespeare's having seen martial service in the affirmative ; and therein we think his argument sound, his conclusion right. These ' Notelets' were very -well ^^'orthy of being collected into a book." — AtJieniciint. 291 SHAKESPEARE Treasury, or subject Quotations synonymously indexed, by William Hoe. i 2mo, cl. IS 6d 1865 292 NOTICES illustrative of the Drama and other Popu- lar Amusements, chiefly in the Sixteenth and Seven- teenth Centuries, incidentally illustrating Shakespeare and his Contemporaries, extracted from the Chamber- lain's Accounts, and other MSS. of the Borough of Leicester; with an Introduction and Notes, by William Kelly. Post %vo, plates, eloth. 9s 1865 293 SHAKESPERIANA from 1654 to 1865, an Account of the Shakespearean Literature of England, Germany, and France, with Bibliographical Introductions, by Franz Thimm. 8vo, cloth. 2s 6d 1865 294 SHAKESPEARE folio of 1623— Staunton's Repro- duction in Photo-lithography, folio, parts 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, scived. i2s (pub at ^3. 13s 6d) i86<; 295 ARROWSMITH (W. R.) Shakespeare's Editors and Commentators. Svo. is 6d 1865 34 Catalogue of Books, &c., ilbtstrating the 2cj6 SHAKESPEARE in Germany in the i6th and 17th Centuries ; an Account of English Actors in Germany arid the Netherlands, and of the Plays performed by them during the same period, by Albert Cohn. 4to, 2 plates of facsimiles, cloth. 14s (pub at _^i. 8s) 1865 "... One of the most interesting and valuable contributions to Shal^c- spearean literature which have ever reached us from Germany . . . The present success of the efforts of Mr. Cohn opens a field of information the existence of -ivhieh has been hitherto almost unsuspected ... A volume vhich i the points of interest and novelty is not surpassed by any in the very long shelf of recent Shakespearean publications. It is impossible also to speak too highly of the care and abihty displayed by Mr. Cohn in its compilation." — Atheiuvum. 397 SHAKESPEARE. The first folio edition of Shake- speare's Dramatic Works 1632, reproduced in exact facsimile by Photo-Lithography under the superintend- ance of Howard Staunton. A noble folio volwne, cxtca cloth. I2. 15s (pub at £%. 8s) 1S65 298 SHAKESPERIAN Parallelisms, chiefly illustrative of the Tempest, and a Midsummer Night's Dream, collected from Sir PhiUip Sydney's Arcadia. By EHza M. West. Sq. 12 mo, only \o pri^ited, half morocco, gilt top. £1. 2s 1865 299 A LEVY made in July 1697, for relief of the poor at Stratford upon Avou (the earliest one yet discover- ed), now first printed from the original Manuscript, one of ten copies printed. Square i2mo, half mo- rocco, gilt top. £\. los 1865 300 ORIGINAL MEMOIRS and Historical Accounts of the Families of Shakespeare and Hart, deduced from an early period to the year 1790. By John Jordan, of Stratibrd-upon-Avon. qto, 10 copies printed, half morocco, gilt top. f2.ios 1865 :,oi HALLIWELL's Hand-Book Index to the Works of Shakespeare, including References to the Phrases, Manners, Customs, Proverbs, Songs, &c., which are used or alluded to by the great dramatist. Thick 8vo, 07il}'_ 54 copies printed, half morocco extra, gilt leaves. £4. 4s. . . 1866 ,1 302 ENGLAND as seen by Foreigners in the days of Elizabeth and James I , comprising Translations of the Journals of the two Dukes of Wirtemberg in 1592 and 1610, both illustrative of Shakespeare. With copious Notes, an introduction, and Etchings. By William Bps-enchly Rye, ^Issislanl Keeper of ike Department of Printed Books, British AInsenm. Thick fcolscap 4to, clee;antly printed by JV/iitting- ham, extra eloth. 15s 1S66 All cxtvcmely entertaining and really \'aiLialjle conLribntiun tu our acquaint- ance with tlie England of Shakespeare's day. The journals here repro'lueed are full of the most minute details of the daily life of us Ijnglish more than two centuries and a half ago, and bring to our mental eye with singular \i\'i'l- ness the places and the people of that di-.tant period. — L-viJon /u't'/.Ti'. 303 JULIETTA, a Tale translated from the Italian of Count Luigirt da Porto, by F.D.3. — Notice Ciitique sur un Roman, intituled the Flail of Hellingslcy, by Sir Egercon Brydges — Verses on his book entitled Gnomica — Catalogue of Works v/ritten or edited by Sir Egerton Brydges, with those printed at the Lee Priory Press. In one vol, 8vo, boards. 14s PRIVATELY PRINTED 304 SHAKESPEARE'S Jest-Book.— A Hundred Mery Talys, from the only perfect copy known. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by Dr. Herman Oester- ley. Fscp. 8vo, half moroeeo. 4s 6d 1866 The only peifcet copy known of llie " liuuilred Mer)- Talys'' wa-j lately discovered in the Royal Library at Gottingen. This is a verbatim reprint, supplying all the chasnis and lost tales in former editions, A\dth copious Notes by the editor, pointing out the origin of the various tales, and authors who have used them. 305 ABSTRACTS and Copies of Indentures respecting Estates in Henley Street, Stratford-and-Avon, which illustrate the topography and history of the birth-place of Shakespeare. Edited by J. O. Halliwell. One of 10 copies printed. 4to, half moroeeo, top gilt. £\ 15s 1866 306 RUSHTON (W. L.) Shakespeare, illustrated by Old Authors. Jixno, cloth. 2s 6d 1867 2^o^ CARTWRIGHT (Robert) New Readings in Shake- speare, or Proposed Emendations of the I'ext. 8vo, 2s 1867 36 Catalogue of Books, &c., illustyating the 30S NARES (Archd.) Glossary, or Collection of Words, Phrases, Customs, Proverbs, &c,, illustrating the Works of English Authors, particularly Shakespeare and his Contemporaries. A New Edition, with con- siderable additions, both of words and examples. By James O. Halliwell, F.S.A, and Thomas Wright, M.A., F.S.A., 2 thick vols, 8vo, cloth, ^i. is 1S59 The Glossary of Arcliileacon Naivs i-, Ijy far the best and most useful Work \\'e possess for ex]>lahhnL;' and inusiraling the obsolete language, and the customs and manners of the Sixteenth and Se\"enteenth Centuries, and it is <|uite indispensable fjr the readers of the literature of the Elizabethan period. 'I'he additional Mords and examples are distingiiishcdfrom those in the original text li}' a t ]">rLlixed to caeh. The woidv contains between five and six //'(>A'.r(?/A/ ad'btional examples, tlie result of original research, not merely sup- jdenicritar)- to Narcs, but to all other compilations of the kind. 309 KEIGHTLEY'sShakespeare Expositor, an Aid to the Perfect Understanding of Shakespeare's Plays. Thick fcap. 8vo, cloth. 7s 6d 1867 310 A MUSTER ROLL of Able Men at Stratford-on- Avon and its neighbourhood, in the iSth year of King Henry the 8th, now first printed from original MSS. Square i2mo, one often copies printed, half m-oroceo, gilt top. £2 2s 1867 3 1 1 JERVIS (Swynfen) Dictionary of the Language of Shakespeare, .[.to, pp. 378 in double columns, a handsome and cheep volume, elothi. 12s 1S68 The author died \\hile the volume was in the press, v. hen hi,, friend the Rev. Alex. Dye:, the Shakespearian scholar, completed it from the materials he had left. 312 HALLIWELL's (J. O.) Selected Notes upon Shake- speare's Tragedy of Anthony and Cleopatra. Small 4to, only 50 printed, cloth. 15s 1S68 313 Selected Notes on the Tempest. Small 4to, on^y -^o printed, cloth. 15s 1S68 314 CATALOGUE of the Books, Manuscripts, Works of Art, Antiquities and Relies illustrative of the Life and Works of Shakespeare, and of the History of Stratford-upon-Avon, which are preserved in Shake- s}::eare's Birth-place, in Henley Street. Svo, not printed for sale, cloth. 7s 6d 1868 j^i^a ufui, yvri-ung^ Of Shcikespeave. 37 315 STEARNE's (Dr. C. W.) The Shakespearian Trea- sury of Wisdom and Knowledge. Post 8vo, cloth. 7s 6d 1869 316 A CATALOGUE of a Small Portion of the Engra- vings and Drawitigs illustrative of the Life of Shake- speare^ preserved in the collection formed by J- O. Halliwell. Small A^io, only \oo printed not for sale, cloth. £1. is 1868 317 HAMLET edited according to the first printed copies, with the various readings and critical Notes by F. H. Stratmann. 8vo. 3s 6d Krefeld, 1869 3 I 8 THE Sonnets of Shakespeare Solved^ and the Mys- tery of his Friendship, Love, and Rivalry Revealed, illustrated by numerous extracts from the Poet's Works, contemporary writers and other Authors, by Henry Brown. 8vo, pp. 248, cloth, ys 6d 1870 319 SHAKESPEARE'S Sonnets, and a Lover's Com- plaint. Reprinted in the Orthography and Punctuation of the Original Edition of 1609. Svo, cloth. 3s 6d 1870 320 SHAKESPEARE and the Emblem Writers : an Exposition of their Similarities of Thought and Ex- pression, preceded by a view of Emblem Literature to 16 16. By the Rev. H. Green. Thick royal Svo, PROFUSELY illustrated, cxtra cloth, /^i. 8s 1870 Without Dates. 321 SHAKESPEARE'S Timon of Athens, altered by Shadwell. iimo, half calf. 2S London, Printed for the Company — 322 BEAUTIES of Shakespeare (not Dodd's) 5th edit. Sm. Svo, calf. 3s London, n. d. 323 SIXTEEN Favorite Airs selected from Rossini's cele- brated Opera of Otello, adapted for the Piano Forte by Rophino Lacy. Two Books, 4to. 6s n. d. 124 TWELVE Designs for the Costume of Shakespeare's Richard III., by C. F. Tomkins, after the drawings and with the descriptions of J. R. Planche, F.S.A. 4to, 12 plates, some in colors, half morocco. los 6d 1829 INDEX OF AUTHORS AND EDITORS. Arrrowsmuh (W. R.) 295 Baar (Dr.) 260, 2S3 Badham (C.) 194 BarnctL (Morris) 20 [ Bell (William) 206, 407, 208 Boaden, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 144, 163 Braccbridgc (C. Hull) 262 Brown (Clias. Armytage) 165 Brown (Henry) 318 CaldecoU (Thomas) 137, 159 Capell, 23, 44 Cartwright (Robert) 307 Clialmers (Geo.) 88, 95, 96, 97 Chapman (J, C.) 195 Chedwordi (Lord) 114, lit;, ii5 Clarke (C. CoM-den) 26S Clarke (Mary Cowden) 284 Cohn (Albert) 296 Collier (J. P.) 160, i6i, 162, 173, 175. 184, 187, 188, 205, 212, 217, 223, 238 Colman, 42, 65 Croker (Crofton) 198, 256 Delius (Nicolaus) 202, 217 Dodd (Dr.) 58, 59, 60 Douce, 121, 122 Drake (Dr. Nathan) 129, 149* Dryden (John) 107, 109 Du Bois (Edwd.) 105 Dudley (.Sir Bate) 77, 7S Dyce (Rev. A.) 180, 184214, 215, 228, 238, 311 Eaton (Rev. T. R.) 246 Edwards (Thos.) 11, 15 Elliston, 135 Elwin (Mr.) 215,? Evans (John) 14O Farmer (Dr. R.) 71, 73, 138 Fennell (J. II.) 221 EuUom (.S. W.) 2S9 Garrick (David) 24, 42, 66, 67, 68 Gilchrist, 125 Goethe. 170 Graves (II. M.) 146 Green (Chas. F.) 234 Grey (Zach.) 16 Griffith (Mrs.) 41 Grimaldi (Joe) 210 Grove (Joseph) 53 Hall (H. T.) 278 Ilalliwell (J. O.) 176, 178, 179, 186, 192, 193, 199, 200, 205, 209, 211, 226, 248, 249, 269, 270, 2S8, 301, 305. 30S, 3i2> 313. 316 Hamilton (X. E. S. A.) 253, 254, 255 T-Iardinge ((jeo.) no, in Hardvfr. D.) 251 llazliU (^V.) 219 Heath, 21* Heron (Rob.) 63 Hiffernan (Paul) 31, 32 Hoe (W.) 291 Holt, 15 Home (R. H.) 236 Hornby (Mary) 136 Hugo (Victor) 2S0 Hume (Abr.) 283 Hunter (Joseph) 185, 215 Ingleby (C. M.) 240, 266 Ireland (W. H.) 89, 91, 98, io5, n7, 118, 158 Ireland (.Sanil.) 39, 80, Si, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 94. 144 Jackson, 131, 132, 133 Jarvis (J.) 147 Jennens(C.) 35, 53 Jephson (J. M.) 277 Jervis (S\A'ynfen) 311 Johnson (Dr.) 15, 22, 48 Johnson and Stcevens, 36, 54. 56, 64, 74 Jordan (John) 51,300 Rean (Chas.) 239 Keightley (Thomas) 309 Kelsall (Charles) 139 Kelly (William) 292 Kerable (John) 10, 39, 119, 124, 127 Kenrick (Dr.) 19 Kenny (Thos.) 286 Knight (Chas.) 181, 183, 1S4, 197 Lacy (Ropliino) 320 Lennox (Mrs.) 17 Leo (F. A.) 275 Lettsom (W. N.) 222, 245 Macdonnel, (P.) 172 Macgregor (Robt.) 224 Madden (Sir F.) 165,! Maginn (Dr.) 243 Malmesbury (Lord) 107 Malonc, 39, 55, 56, 57, 73, 75,79,82,83,85,86,88, 89, 107, no, III, 247 Malone and Stcevens, 103 Mason (Rt. Hon. J. M) 103 Matthews (Chas.) 134 Mitford (Rev. John) 228 Mommsen (Tycho) 244 Moncrieff (W. T.) 142 Montague](Eli2blh.) 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 150 Morgann (Maurice) 48, 49, ■50, 14^ Moulm (M. J.) 263 Xares (Archdeacon) 30S Oakley (Benj.) 151 Oesterley (H.) 304 I lullon (W. C) 89 Patterson (Robt.) 16/1;. Pinchcrle (J.) 282 I'inkcrton (John) 63 Blanche (J. R.) 324 Plumtre, 10, 99 Poole (John) 130 Porto (Luigi da) 5, 302 Prior (Sir. Jas. ) 247 Pye (H. J.) 75, 104, 120 Rathbone (P. II.) 260 Reed (Isaac) 74 Richardson, 37, 43, 45, 46, 47, 61, 62, 69, 70, loi, 102, 104 Rirabault (K. F.) 190 Rnmsey (Mary C. ) 220 Rushton (W. L.) 306 Rj-e (AV. B.) 302 Scrgent (G. F.) 174 Seymour (li. H.) 114 Shadwell (Thos.) 321 .Simrock (Karl) 200 Singer (S. W.) 128, 216 Skottowe (Aug.) 143 Smart (B. H.) 177 Smith (W. LI.) 232, 233 Staunton (Howard) 294, 297 Stearne (C. W.) 315 Steevens (G.) 89, 90, 94, 144, 230 Stratmann (F. II.) 317 Tatham (John) 2 Taylor (Edward) 40 Taylor (J. E.) 227 Theobald (Lewis) 6, 7, 34 Thimm (Franz) 293 Thorns (W. J.) 290 Ticck (L.) 220 Tweddell (G. M.) 259 Tynvhitt, 10 L^lrici (Herman) 170, 191, 192, 218 Upton (John) S Valpy (Dr.) 112 Waldron (F. G.) 87,88,100, 113 Walker (\V. Sidney) 222, 245 Warburton, II Warner, 24 Webb (Col. F.) Sg West (Eliza M.) 298 Whatel)', 39, 166, 167 Wheler (R. B,) 118, 141,270, 272 Whincop (TIios.) 9 White (K. Grant) 223, 236 Whiter (W.alter) 75, 76 Wilkes (John) 21 ^^'ilson (J.) and W. II. bo- land, 148 Wither (J. R.) 225 Wivell (Abr.) 145, 149 Woodward ((i. JL) SS Wriglit (Thomas) 30S ^\^■■-ll^ lALnii.l So 7 /^f6^ SHAKSPBAEIAN FOEGEEIES AMD CONTEOVEESY. LOIS 1309 to 1347 form WiLiiAM Henry Ibeland's Own Collections, on this subject, and were purcliased in the sale of Mr. Manson'a Stock of Boolcs, sohl by Mr. Christie, December, 1812. 1309 Shakespeabe. The Original Fobgebies to Miscella- NEOITS PaPEBS under THE HaJSID AND SeAL OF William Shakespeabe, by W. H. Ieeland, con- sisting of Shakespeare's Confession of Faith ; Shake- speare's Note of Hand and John Hcminge's Eeceipt ; Queen Elizabeth's Letter to W. Shakespeare ; Letter to Eichard Cowley, enclosing the "Witty Conundrum ; Letter to Lord Southampton, and Lord Southampton's Answer ; Lock of Ann Hathawat's Haib ; Letter to Ann Hathaway, with Lines addressed to her ; Two Eeceipts for playing before Lord Leicester ; Signatures to the Legal Instruments between Shakespeare, Lorvine, and Condel, the Players ; View of Ireland's House and Shakespeare's Tributary Lines to that personage ; Sig- nature to the Deed of Grift to Ireland, etc. etc. with neat transcripts in the autograph of W. H. Ireland The above are some of the most interesting of the Shake- sperian Forgeries, which the fabricator William Henry Ireland attempted to palm off on the literary world at the close of the last century, and which caused so much controversy and excitement amongst the quid nuncs of the day. For a full account of which see " Confessions," lots 1336-S 1310 Miscellaneous Papers and Legal lustruments, under the Head and Seal of William Shakspeare : including the Tragedy of King Lear, and a small Fragment of Ham- let, from the Original MSS. in the Possession of Samuel Ireland, loith facsimiles, hf. hound, imcut folio, 1796 1311 Another copy. iLLrsTEATED loith Portraits of Shake- speare, TV. JET. Ireland, (an unfnished proof;) etc. ; also many additional Facsimiles, Newspaper Cuttings, etc. unbound in a portfolio folio, 1796 1312 Mr. Ireland's Original Prospectus of the above, issued March 4, 1795. " Mr. Ireland acquaints every gentle- man who has paid his Subscription, and who has not seen the papers, that if on Viewing them he feels any doubt respecting their authenticity, he may instantly . ■ ■ have his Subscription returned, ' This exteemelt SCARCE papeb, has the Manuscript corrections of W. H. Ireland Svo. 1795 88 FOTJRTH day's saie. [SJiaksjjcariana- 1313 -'Ah Priginal Admission Ticket " to View the Shakespeare y " 'Papers, at No. 8, Norfolk Street, Strand" .- 1795 " I do not believe that a duplicate of the above Ticket is now in existence, as they were all carefully destroyed by Mr. Samuel Ireland, on my confession to the public that I was the fabricator of the Manuscripts. W. H. I." —MS. Note. 1314 Autograph Letter. " Mr. Ireland presents his compliments to Mr. Dent — begs to acquaint Mr. D. that a Committee is formed to meet at his house on Saty. nest, at \ past 12, on the subject of the MSS. at w*^" Mr. I. will be happy to be favor' d w'li Mr. Dent's comp'y, as Mr. I. has something material to propose relative to their authenticity. Norfolk Street, Ap. 21." 1 page 4to. 131.5 Caricature. "The Oaken Chest, or the Gold Mines of Ireland, a Farce," deincting the Ireland Family at their operations, very scarce and curious April 2, 1796 1316 A Letter to George Steevens, Esq. containing a Critical Examination of the Papers of Sbakspeare, published by Mr. S. Ireland, with Extracts from Vortigern, by J. Boaden, iLirsTBATED with portraits and flutes, and W. H. Ireland's Manuscript Notes, and Corrections, containing some bitter remarks on Mr. Boaden, hf. hound 8vo. 1796 1317 Eamiliar Verses from the Ghost of Willy Shakspeare to Sammy Ireland, [by J. M. Woodward, the Caricaturist, or by Orton] 8vo. 1796 1318 Shakspeare's Manuscripts in the Possession of Mr. Ireland, examined [by Col. E. Webb] ivith MS. Notes and Cor- rections in the autograph of TV. H. Ireland, hf. hound 8vo. 1796 "As Mr. Webb was so strenuous in his belief of the Manuscripts, it would be ungenerous in the extreme were I to make these quotations as a ridicule upon that gentleman W. H. Ireland."— JIS. Note. 1319 Eree Eeflections on ' Miscellaneous Papers,' etc. with Extracts from an unpublished MS. Play, called ' The Virgin Queen," written by, or imitative of Shakespeare, [by E. G. WaldroD, assisted by Geo. Steevens], hf. bd. 8vo. 1796 With the Autograph and MS. Note of W. H. Ireland- " The Critic Waldron reminds me of the thoughtful Burleigh, as pourtrayed by Sheridan, which part is admirably sustained by the author of this pamphlet, who may have thought deeply on the subject of my manuscripts, but who has assuredly said «oi!^JM^ . . . . W. H. Ireland."- iV//S'. Note. ." : ■■-.:::::.: ..j-":: r::.:E. 89, 1320 Vortigern, an Historical Tragedy, represented at Drury Lane, April 2, 1796, by W. H. Ireland, with Autograph MS. Note, and corrections by the author 8vo. [1796] " This Drama, which stood the ordeal of the public, and created so much interest, was written when my mind became a prey to the multifarious doubts and fears which my then situation gave rise to ... . W. H. I." MS. Note. 1321 Play Bill and Hand Bill respecting the representation of Vortigern, at Drury Lane, April 2, 1796, and a variety of Memoranda, Drawings of Shakespeare's House, Autograph letter of W. H. Ireland, etc. a curious lot 1322 Inquiry into the Authenticity of certain Miscellaneous Papers and Legal Instruments, attributed to Shake- speare, by Edmonb Malone, Esq., Inteeleavbd THEouGHOUT, AND Illtjsteated With numerous por- traits, facsimiles, etc. The Autograph of W. H. Ire- land, and MS. Notes hy him on the margins, half calf 8vo. 1796 1323 Boaden (J.) Letter to Geo. Steevens, containing an Exami- nation of Ireland's Papers, and Extracts from Vortigern, 1796 — Familiar Verses from the Ghost of Willy Shakspeare to Sammy Ireland, 1794 — Shakespeare's MSS. in possession of Mr. Ireland, examined [by Webb], 1796 — Free Reflections on ' Miscellaneous Papers,' etc. [by Steevens and Waldron], 1796 — A Comparative View of the Opinions of James Boaden [by Wyatt], 1796 — Vortigern under Consideration [by W. C. Oulton], 1796— Ireland (W. H.) An Authentic Account of the Shaksperian Manuscripts, etc. original edition, 1796 — Mr. Ireland's Vindication of his Con- duct, 1796 — An Investigation of Mr. Malone's Claiui to the Character of Scholar or Critic, by Sam. Ireland, 1797— Vortigern, with an Original Preface, by W. H. Ireland, facsimile, 1832 — Britannia's Cat-o'nine-Tails, or Devil's Carols, during half a century of Eapine, Desolation and Blood, by W. H. Ireland, 1833 ; in 1 vol. half bound, a scarce collection The last pamphlet in the above collection is a presenta- tion to " — Newman, Esq. with the sincere regards of the author, W. H. I." and has the following MS. Note on the title : — " It may be necessary to remark that the ensuing pages gave such umbrage in an elevated quarter that the writer was threatened with a Govern- ment prosecution, but from some political motives, the Ministry thought fit to abandon the idea. W. H. Ireland." 90 FOURTH day's SALE. [Sliahspeciriana. 1324 Authentic Account of the Shaksperiau Manuscripts, etc. by W. H. Ireland, etc. half calf 8vo. 1796 1325 Another copy, neatly inlaid, in folio size paper, ivith 2 autograph letters of the author inserted, half calf folio, 1796 1326 Whiter (W.) Specimen of a Commentary on Shakspeare, calf 8vo. 1794 1327 Mr, Ireland's Vindication of his Conduct respecting the Publication of the supposed Shakspeare MSS. half calf " From the Author" 8vo. 1796 1328 Investigation of Mr. Malone's Claim to the Character of Scholar or Critic, by Sam. Ireland, half calf 8vo. (1797) 1329 Apology for the Believers in the Sliakspeare Papers, by Geo. Chalmers, illustbated with numerous portraits, and having the autograph of W. H. Ireland 8vo. 1797 1330 Henry the Second, an Historical Drama, by W. H. Ireland, loith the autograph and MS. Notes of the author, half calf 8vo. 1799 " If any merit is to be attributed to me for the produc- tion of the MSS. the arrangement and language of Henry II. is in my opinion the most likely to produce it. W. H. I,"— ili.S'. note. 1331 Ballads in Imitation of the Antient, by W. H. Ireland, half calf , uncut, three portraits inserted 8vo. 1801 1332 Catalogue of Books, Paintings, Miniatures, Drawiugs, Prints, etc. including the whole of the Shikesperian Library, and the entire Collection of Shakespearian Papers of Lear, Haralet, Vortigern, etc. the property of the late Mr. Sam. Ireland, 8 days' sale, interleaved throughout, with the autograph of, and MS. Notes ly, W. H. Ireland, half calf 8vo. 1801 1333 Ballade wrotten on the Peastynge and Merrimentes of Easter Maunday laste paste, whereinn is dysplayed the noble Prince's comynge to sayde Eevelerie att Man- syonne Howse, as allso the Dudgeon of Master Mayre and Sherrives, with other Straunge Drolleries, by Paul Persius. " Me, W. H. Ireland," MS. note ; half calf 4to. 1802 " This ludicrous little Poem was the effusion of three hours, being originally written without any view to publication, but having perused the MS. to some few friends, they expressed a desire that I would make it public. W. H. Ireland, 1802."— 3IS. note. 1334 Ireland (W. H.) Ehapsodies, half calf, with portrait by Mackenzie 12mo. 1803 Sliakspo-iana.] foubtu day's sale. 01 1335 Shakspearean Miscellany, containing Scarce Tracts, Bio- graphical Anecdotes of Theatrical Performers, with Portraits of Ancient and Modern Actors, etc. with Notes by F. G. Waldron, plates, half calf 4to. 1804 133G Confessions of William Henry Ireland, containing the Par- ticulars of his Pabrication of the Shakspeare Manu- scripts, INTEELEATED With writing paper, and illustrated with a few portraits and facsimiles, hound in 2 vols, half calf 8vo. 1805 The motto, " The whole Truth, and nothing but the Truth," is printed on the title-page, to ivhich is added, in the author's autograph, " So help me God," signed "IT. W. Ireland." 1337 Confessions of "W. H. Ireland. Another copy, neatly INLAID, folio size, facsimiles of Shakspeare' s autograph inserted folio, 1805 1338 Confessions of W. H. Ireland. The OitiaiNAL Manuscript, PEOM WHICH the BoOK WAS FEINTED, IN THE Au- thoe's Autogeapii, half hound folio 1339 Illustrations to Ireland's Confessions, consisting of Por- traits, Views ; etc. (70) 1340 Songs and Sonnets, in the Autogeaph op W. H. Ieeland — Anecdote of Shakspeare, in the Autograph of Jordan of Stratford-on-Avon, and other Memoranda, loith ■portrait of TV. S. Ireland, hy JSIackemie, " the only finished -proof taken of on India paper." MS. note hy W. H. I. 1341 Picturesque Beauties of Shakspeare, being a Selection of Scenes from the Works of that Great Author, by Eob. Smirke, Engraved by Charles and Isaac Taylor, fine original impressions, an additional plate inserted, half calf 4to. 1783 1342 Shakesperiana, collected by Mr. Malone. An Account of the Incidents, from which the title and part of the story of Shakspeare's Tempest were derived, 1808 — Cuttings from Newspapers, relating to the appearance of Malone's Shakespeare and other Memoranda, manuscript and printed 1343 Skakspeaeiah Miscellanies, Manusceipt and Pbinted, BT W. H. Ieeland, etc. ' A Letter written at Mr. Wallis's, Jan. 31, 1797;' A few Prefatory Lines to an " Account of the Manuscripts attributed to Shake- speare^^by W. H. Ireland," ' copied from the original, noiv destroyed,' with some remarks in the Autograph of W. H. Ireland, ' never used;' "My Mother's Arms drawn by Mr. S. Ireland," signed W. H. Ireland; Saxon Alphabet and Specimen of Saxon Poetry, in the 92 rouETH day's sale. [Old Plays. Autograph of W. H. Ireland, signed; A Sketch Em- blematic of Shakespeare, drawn by Westall ; Miniature on Ivory after Teniers by Miss J. Ireland ; Portraits of Mr. Henderson and Mrs. Pope, as Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, the original drawing from which the print was engraved ; Tickets of admission to Branden- bourgh House Theatre, and Bill of the performance, Mar. 31, 1797 ; Theatrical Benefit Tickets drawn or engraved by Smirke, Sherwin, Bunbury, etc. ; Play Bills, (Mrs. Jordan, etc.) ; Autograph of Gen. J. Bur- goyne ; Cuttings from Newspapers, " Spring Dresses," Poetry by W. H. Ireland ; and others rela,ting to " Vortigern," Chatterlon, etc. mounted, arranged and hound in 1 vol. half calf 4to. A VEET INTEEEBTING AND CUEIOUS COLLECTION". 1344! Ireland (Samuel) Bretville, or the Mysterious Son, a Play. The Oeiginal MAsrscEiPT, in the Authob's Auto- GEAPH, half calf 4to. 1345 Ireland (Samuel) The Double Intrigue, or It's ne'er too late to mend. The Original Manusceipt, in the Aitthoe's Aijtogeaph, half calf 4to. 1346 Ireland (Samuel) Specimens of his Penmanship or Copy Slips, signed Sam. Ireland, Dec. 8th, 1755, calf oblong size 1347 Ireland (Samuel) Sale Catalogue of his Collection of the Prints and Drawings of Hogarth, including many of his earliest and scarcest productions 4to. 1797 )LD PLAYS, IN QKAETO. 1348 Mears ) True and Exa'hi Catalogu^f all the PWs that eresever yet printed in^Jme EnglislxsTongue ; wMi the AuthOT^ Names against^e^h Play, coiainued'^dowH. to October/i713, with the leafW continuation Ifo Octobb 1715, very\iiirce / \ a 1713-13 nonymotts. Amorou^^Gallant -./oy ^ve in Fashion, C^edie in heVoicJi ver^G ^\ / \ / \. 16 Adventuring for a Cr/wn, TMgi-Cotttedj 1690 onstan^Si^ymph, oK^ambli^te Shejjbeard, PastoKd, by a " Quality^^i^ry fine^p^ /\1678 'aunted HAuse, Comedy / l732 G-enerJiL Tragedy^\writton by a Yemng Lady ne coW, uncut, Mtamorocco / 1706 ess : xlay'd all/by^VFomen 3,703 man Cully, Comedy ^v / 1702 AN ESSAY Ul'OS TITE GHOST-BELIEF OF SHA.RE8PEAKE. ^fc^A INTRODUCTION. To disbelieve in tlio ol)jcctivo reality of Rplritual appearances in general is the rule of the present age, and is conceived to he one of the marks and conseqnences of its intellectual progression; and therefore is it, we think, to he acconnted for, that the above subject has never (at least, so far as is known) been treated of. Most of Shakespeare's admirers doubtless imagine that such an intellect as his could never have given credence to a ghost ; nor are they very curious to ask, how it was, on artistic groimrh, that the greatest poet should have produced what many think his greatest work, upon a supernatural theme — upon a theme whose basis is either nervous disease, credulity, or imposture ; for into some one of these things are all ghosts now resolved. If, however,, the modern philosopher holds it to be part of ins appreciation of Shakespeare that he could not have believed in a ghost, it is also certain that the ghost-believing student of the poet-philosopher will claim him as a teacher, on spiritual grounds, and will at least endeavour to show cause why he does so. Holding that ghost-behef, rightly understood, is most rational and salutary, he will deem that it must have had the sanction of such a thinker as Shakespeare. If there is any one principle which ought to be particularly adhered to above all others in any speculations regarding Shake- speare's opinions, it should surely be, never to adduce a mere opinion^ expressed by one of his characters, as liis opinion. Of those who do so, it will probably be found that, to use Horatio's expression, they do but " hotcli tlie -words up jit to their own tJioughtsy In the essay now made to shew that Shakespeare, apart from his feelings as a poet, believed, as a philosopher. In i , A supernatural realities, no support to the idea will Lc sought froui such means. Of course, such attempts must be held as equally illegitimate on the opposite side ; and it does, indeed, seeni wonderful that any real admirers of Shakespeare could ever make such attempts, since they may know that it is very easy so to attribute anything, even the most contrary things, to tlie author ; as witness, for example, the dialogue between Posthumus and the Jailer, in Cymbeline. Nothing, indeed, is easier, than for an autlior merely to make his cliaracters express ojiposite ojiiiiions, with(jut, however, having any fixed opinions or clear knowledge of his own upon the matter in hand; but it is quite another thiiKj so to state the opinion as to involve his own knowledge. In attempting this, every one conversant with any given subject knows how instantaneously ignorance is detected where it exists. We are told that law terms, sea terms, &c., &c., are used by Shakespeare in a manner that implies real knowledge of more than the mere existence of the words. So the ghost-beiicver looks at Shakespeare, not to see what opinions are expressed about ghosts, but to ascertain whether what is said by the characters, or done in the story, implies that the autlior possessed a philosophy of the subject. Hero perhaps our sceptical friends will smile at the mere idea of a ghost-believer's philosophy. Nevertheless, they must be assured that, if we are mad, we do, at all events, claim to have " a method in our madness." For instance, a ghost-believer would say that the story of Hamlet might be a hard fact, as much as the story of Tom Jones might be one. He believes, and can therefore think that Shakespeare might have believed: 1st, That ghosts do appear objectively; 2ud, That several persons at once may see a ghost ; 3rd, That one person may, and another may not, as with Plamlet and the Queen; 4th, That the ends for which ghosts appear may be good, bad, or indifferent — may succeed or may fail, and that there is both fact and philosophy for all this. So much received, we may believe in ILnnlet. If we are told that the men who can believe all this can believe anything, we say. No ! For example, we could not believe in such a story as that of Franlienstein and the monster whom he is represented as, in some sense, creating. We should say that such a story, as a hard fact^ was altogether contrary to the laws both of the spiritual and of the natural worlds, and we are quite certain that, so 'understood^ the writer did not believe in the like of it. Such stories, therefore, we conceive to be essen- tially /«»% «rf, whatever talents may be shown in their execution. In saying thus much, it may be well, in a passing way, to note, as a circumstance not forgotten, that there are writings in which (unlike ILimlfit) tlie images Are prnfeufseJlii aUeqorical or fanciful^ although this essay does not pretend to toueh upon them. iSueli writings, liowcver, would have tJieir true and false, aa well as those which Ava professedly literal. THE MEANING OF GIIOST-BELIEF. We will now, then, proceed to state what is meant hy ghost- belief, and what are its supposed grounds. In the first place, then, the Spiritualist conceives it to be a great truth, that every human being is truly and properly a ghostj or spirit^ clad for a time in an earthly body. Whether Shakespeare thought this or not, he has very beautifully expressed the idea, in his Twelfth Night ^1 when he makes Sebastian say — A spirit I am indeed ; '-J But am in that dimension grossl}^ clad, Wliicli from tlie womb I did participate. — Act V., Scene 1. Although it has been assumed previously that no opinion^ ex- pressed by one of the poe£s characters.! is to be quoted as being necessarily the poeth opinion also., yet any piece of wisdom or of thought, as distinguished from an opinion, may be called his wisdom, or his thought. Now, if it should be deemed that no wisdom is contained in a given passage, say the one just quoted, still the fact remains, that the thought of the Spiritualist has been so felicitously expressed — and that too iu a place where Shakespeare might just as easily have made Sebastian answer more like a modern pliilosophcr, by saying that he was " not a spirit., but a man of flesh and blood.'''' The character of Sebastian is one which may well justify us in concluding that, of the two possible answers to his sister's exclamation — If spirits can assume both form and suit, You come to friglit us — Shakespeare would assign to him the one which he himself con- sidered as the most sensible. The same thought which has been thus assigned to Sebastian is to be found likewise in Lorenzo's speech in The Merchant of Venice (Act V., Scene 1), where he discourses of the harmony of the spheres, and tells Jessica that — fSuch harmony is in immortal souls; V>ui vi\i\\s,t this Tmiddy vesture of decay ^ ,.' Doth grossly close it in, we cannot hear it. '■' In the next place — and this is a point of the highest import- ance — the Spiritualist believes that the ghost, or spirit, which is truly the man, is in a human form^ as much as the body is ; the body being in that form, simply because the ghost or soul is so. Men instinctively personify the virtues and the vices by human forms. Ask the painter to delineate Kevenge and Mercy, and he will, as a matter of course, present you with a male and a A 2 female figure, ia wliicli Piovcnp;-e ami ]\Ierev will lie (Icpictcd, not mrrrhi ill the (expression ot' the heads, Imt /// tJie irlmli- fdninitiiui, of the liorlv, ami //; tlic (icfimi of er< ;y/ jiorf. If the artist he competent to paint what he /ee/s, and every one else /('e/.v, all will liioin his meaning'. ^J'liat every ruling yiassion affects and shapes the whole body, is eonecived by the Spiritualist to be an irresistible argument for the human form of the ghost or soul, and the fact has been expressed liv Shakespeare in his usual masterly style ; it should also be well noted, that lie has assigned the expression of the fact to the wise and observing Ulysses. Speaking of Cressida, Ulysses says — Fie, fie upon her ! There's a Lini:^uac^o in lier eye, her cheel-:, lier lip; Nay, Jicrtont .^iirfl's; Iter irrniton spirits looh oat At tccr// juiiit oii'i riiotire of Iter ho/I^. Again, how common is it for us to say of some one who at first sight we thought ordinary, or even ngly, but afterwards find to be morally amiable, that we have lost sight of the liodily defect, and have become conscious of a pleasing, and, in some Instances, of even a beautii'iil expression — a thing inconceivable upon any ground but tiiat of the hmnan form of the ghost or soul ; a form beautiful if the moral state lie good, ugly if the moral state bo bad — which latter fact is again wonderfully exemplified in the diahoJical expressions we sometimes perceive ill faces III if II i-< dill Jiiiiiilsniiie. In liotli instances, the beautiful and the ugly ghost or soul shines througli the external, earthly countenance, and actually, when the good or evil feeling is at work, alters the very form of that external countenance, thus furnishing the complete demonstration that good and evil feelings are ahsolutelji in forms^ and such forms, of course, as they mould the external into ; that is, into forms beautiful and angelic, or monstrous and diabolical. These all-important facts Shakespeare has fully included in Uesdemona's words — I saw Othello's visage in his mind. The common expression that 'we see the mind in the covnte- nanee^ of course conveys a truth, or rather a part of tlie truth, but Desdemona's words are fuller ; for they give the fact that the mind has a visage of its own. This is to be taken as being an absolute truth, which is also the reason why it is eminently poetical. To say that anything can be really jioetical and yet not true is a mere contradiction. Moreover, Shakespeare did not so express Desdemona's feehngs by a merely accidental stroke ; we must alwavs think that what in the most of persons is simply fejf, was, by Shakespeare, also most clearly seen. The (Idubt or Jcniiil of tliu great truth that tJic hamau soul lias the humau form, which is A cijiulilnatloii aud ;i lorm indctid, places the doubters in the most distressing dileuunas. They call their doubts and denials philosophy ; but Avhat kind of philosophy can tliat ])c which deals only in negations V The arguments for the Immortality of the soid (to snv nothing of the views in general of a future state) are intinitely clouded and weakened, if its lumian form is not taken note of as being pre-eminently the foundation-truth upon which all arguments relating to the soul should rest. That f )undation-truth being itself capable (as it certainlv is) of the fullest demonstration, it follows that all truths which spring legitimately frojii that foundation-truth must have all the tirnmess of their original stock. So much having been premised, let us now suppose any one deeply Intei'estcd in the sulyect of the soul's immortality, and anxious to have the clearest views possible upon that sublime theme, sitting himself down to the perusal of Bishop Butler's celebrated Anah(/i/, in the hope of attaining to the mental satis- faction for which he seeks, and what would be the result ? We venture to think that it juust needs be disappointment ; an opinion for which some reasons shall now be suggested. In this well-known work, then, of Bishop Butler, there is a chapter aititled " Of a Future Life," which, of coiTrse, contains whatever the eminent divine wh(; wrote it considered as most worthy for him to utter upon the subject; yet, in conclusion, he feels himself called upon to volunteer an admission that all lie has been able to say is but little calculated to satisfy curiosity ; meaning, evidently, a curiosity directed towards the general outline of a future life — a wish, in short, to have some faint idea of what it is like. It is, indeed, true that Bishop Butter follows up his admission by observing that, nevertheless, all the purposes of religion are as well answered as by a demonstrative pronf. Doubtless ho believed so ; but it cannot bo denied liut that such dogmatic assertions are looked at with great dissatisfaction by the sceptic- ally inclined; and the Spiritualist believes that, if the truest and deepest grounds were taken, there would be no neces-ity for any such admission as Bishop Butler has felt himself called upon to make. The fact that curiosity is a feeling of the human mind, and one that, properly directed, performs the high use of leading US on to knowledge, renders it at least very possible that views of truth which are but little able to satisfy curiosity may be ilete views, and such as we tJtrrrflirr oiir/J/f not to rest satisfied witli, even as brlicvrrs. JSliakespcarc wrote very wisely wlieu he made I'erieles say — Tnitli can nu\'('r ])o cnnfirinud enough, Tliuagli doubts did over slci'p. It is, ])y tlic way, very common to hear tliat curiosity wl]ir]i se( lis to know something- more of the future h'fc tliau tlie hare fact of such a Hfe, stigmatized as heing' a vain curiosity, and many rehgious persons would even condemn it as involving a desire to he what they term, Wise above what is written. If it were a curiosity which could not be gratified, it miglit then justly be called vain ; but is there, or can there be, a natural curiosity which cannot be gratified? The Spiritualist doubts it; nor can ho admit curiosity in itself to be anything but excellent, and most especially so when directed to lofty subjects : consc- cpiently, he believes that every curiosity which mankind can feel, or rather cannot but feel^ may attam to a legitimate satisfaction. Supposing, now, that In the exercise of this most rational curiosity concerning the soul and our future life, we sliould have arrived at the conviction that the soul Is In the human form, and It seems immediately to follow that such a soul, In the future life as well as In this, requires Its objectivities, or things out of Itself; and not only do we feel that we require them, but wo find our- selves upon the track of understanding how we may have them. We find then. In the next place, that not only can we affirm a human form for the soul, but we can also affirm a heat and a light as belonging to the soul ; a heat and a light, too, so much more potent than the heat and light of nature, that It Is only by virtue of the former that we can know or perceive the latter. It Is well known to us all, that heat and light are constantly affirmed of spiritual things ; as w^ien, for example, we say that our mtelloets are enlifilitimeJ^ or tliat « licjlit has been thrown upon a subject — meaning, that reasons have been given and seen, and so forth. Also, we can affirm that the passions and feelings^ as distinguished from tjie intellect^ are felt as a heat or fire, often extending most perceptibly Into the natural body, which those passions and feelings will cause to be, as it were, on fire, even upon the coldest days — for we all know that a man may burn with love or with rage upon such days ; tluis proving that there Is another heat or fire besides that of the natural sun, and which heat or fire works from within to without, or from the spiritual to the natural sphere. Having thus opened our understandings to the fact that the soul Is In a human form, and that It enjoys a spiritual light and heat, we are then led on, by the most rigid logic, to the admission of a spiritual sun, from whence tliis spiritual light and heat originate. This second grand truth arrived at, our ratiorud eiiriositij has received its answer — for if there is a spiritual sun, then there are spiritual atmospheres ; and all these truths put together point out to us a spiritual world of forms wdiieh shall be ohji'<:tii:ii to the soid, or real man. If, now, these positions can he admitted, all is then told to us that can be asked, since what we all desire, and, indeed, all that ice do desire, is to be assured of the possibility of our having, in the future life, an external form or body, and a world external to that, both of which shall harmonize with our Inmost life. That this much-longed-for harmony is, in the present world, absolutely impossible, is but too well known, even in the case of any one endowed with the best regulated mind, and with every other advantage that this world can afford. Not only does the natural body decay, and become from day to day a less manage- able engine, but an opposition, rather than a harmony, is felt to arise from almost everything in its turn. To have our bodies and every external circumstance in harmony with the internal, is to every one the exception, although it is what we are con- stantly striving for; and, therefore, any view which makes it apprehensible that such a consummation (which would constitute a real heaven) is possible, surely is worthy of attention ; especially when all for it is positive and absolute, resting, as it does, upon those surprising manifestations of the soul — the fine arts, and the forms of expression instinctively used by men. It is certainly singular that, notwithstanding the acknowledged power of the fine arts, they do not seem ever to have been con- sidered in their bearing upon these most recondite questions ; and it is, as we apprehend, quite the tendency of the religious classes to smile at any one who claims for the inner world an objectivity similar to that of the natural world. The idea seems to be, that the one world must be something every way so different from the other, that, in short, we can form no idea at all about the matter. This, however, is a mere negation on the part of the intellect, or, in plain English, a refusing to trouble itself at all with the question : whereas, if the feelings wT're spoken from, as they should be, it would become perfectly clear that nothincj niore nor less than the harmony of the internal and the external was the want of the soul. Now, if the hope and desire for a future life be, as amongst religious men it is confi- dently deemed they are, powerful arguments that there is such a life, this other desire for the harmonious inner and outer life as powerfully shows what that future life must be like. Thus, then, to use Shakespeare's words^ — The wheel has come full circle ; nnd tlius [XYv \\v tWii'lv l)rf)Ug'l)t roiiml again t(i our starting-point, and arc ciial)loind religion and the line arts together, ancl^to solve proElems of universal intei'cst yet supposed insoluhle even hj the most cmiucut UK.n, when, as in the case of Bishop Buth-r, tliey omit to go down into the very roots of men's feelings (that is, of the Soul's feclinc's') as thev are manifested in the forms of lan^uairo -, ■ ^ P - ^ to and 111 the niie arts. rtIIAKi;SI'EAKE\s IGNDKAXCE. — DJ;. ALDEUSOX. I)r. Alderson was the author of an essay upon " yVpparitlous," in which, as usual, he refers a})paritions to a diseased state of the In-ain, and, after stating his cases, expresses himself thus — From what I ha^'e related, it wiW be seen ^^ hy it s]ioiUd happen tliat only one at a time could ever see a ghost, and here ?"e jimy Inmevt that our celebrated poet, whose knowledge of nature is every Englishman's boast, had not knov:n Utah casea, and their caifses, as I have related ; he would not then, perliaps, have made his ghosts visible and audible on the stage. Every expression, every lock, in Macbeth and Hamlet, is perfectly natui-al and consistent with men so agitated, and quite sufficient to convince us of "what they suffer, see, and hear; but it nnist he evident that, the di^ea.rc being confined to the individual, such object nuist be seen and heard only by the inLi;^'ldu tl- Thus far Dr. Alderson. Nevertheless, that Shakesjieare, ))otli in his JL'cU'fh and in iiis TlmiiJef, h.as shewn hims(_'lf fully conversant witli tlie discasc-tluiory, the following passages will completely evince : — JhicJji'lh. Is this a dagger which I see befnre me, The liamlle tewaid my hand? (_'nme, let nie clutch thee : 1 have thee not, and yt I s e thee still. Art thou not, fit d vi.-iiin. seiisibh- To feeling, as t" sight? < )r art thou hut ^Ji daij{jt'r of the iniild. (i folse rrentioi/, l-'roeiLdtiiti Jeoiii the heat-oj'jncs-'^cd bruin ^ Again, Lady Alacheth exclaims — O pi'oper stuff! This is tin: very paintinrj of your fear. Also, the Queen, in llnntl't — This is tin? verv coinage nf vnur brain : This Ij.idilrss rrrolio,,. irslosy Is eery eunnviy ue Scciu/^', tlicii, tli;it Sli.'ikc-ipcare dlil know of siicli a theory as I)i-. AMersoirs, a few remarks will be offered upon it. According to that tliforv, we are to think that disease is the efficient cause of apparitions. Xow, let it ]>ti observed that an eye, in the course of nature, is the org-an of seeing. Forms and colours seem to require on eye, upon which they shall be impressed, in order that they may be seen ; but here we have a set of cases in which, certain forms and colours become visible which yet are evidently not impressed upon the retina of the hodily eye, and then the conclusion is at once jumped at that tliese forms and colours are mere images in the brain, having no objective reality whatsoever. Nav, more, this brain must be a diseased hrain. It docs not avail for you to point out that in many cases tlie visions are beautiful to the eye ; and also that heautifuJ music is perceived, which seems to require an car : all must Ije referred to disease as the effeient cause. Such are the things which the ■incredulous can bring themselves to believe. Beautiful forms and Ijeautiful sounds, although in themselves essentiajhij order.^ are thus held to spring from disorder. All this, however, is merely assertion^ and no real reason has yet been given why the apparitions and the sounds should not be impressions upon the spiritual eye and ear, and from objects in the spiritual world, which is the proper habitation of the ghost or spirit, as the material world is of the body " the gross dimension," the " muddy vesture of decay." Dr. Alderson begs the question altogether, when he asserts that apparitions are never seen but hy one person at a tune, and that one in an abnormal state. But grant that it even were so, that would not at all necessarily touch the question of the objective reality. Why should not the disease be the occasional cause only, and not the effi/nen.t one ? In certain nervous states, the senses which deal with the external world are sometimes so highly raised that, for instance, a conversation taking place in a remote part of the house shall be heard perfectly, which could not have been heard at all had the person hearing been in a normal state. So a disease, disturbing for awdrile the harmony between the spirit and the natural body, causes the former to have its peixeptions more or less opened to the objects of its own proper world. Again, when real objectivity is spoken of, it must never bo forgotten, that even in the material iixrrld tliere are oerij different hinds of rexdities ; and this is a pomt which the Spiritualist has never seen met, or, app)arently, even dreamt of, by the sceptics. A phantasmagoria is reed, yet not really what it seems to be ; and a portrait is ((, reed, representation of a man, although it is not a, real man. Now, allow that the spiritual world, bemg also a 10 world of causes, must, as such, have its nal rcprespniatlons of its realities, and all the difficulties attendant upon waking or other dreams will fast begin to vanish. Drive away from the mijid the groundless conception that all arc merely affections of tlie brain, and the striking phenomena of every kind of dreamings^ are seen to have necessarily a 'renh'fy in their ovm sphere, eyen if the reality bo only of that sort whicli a~pEjuitashTagr7i-ia or a picture have in theirs. In both cases, the reality, although only of the representative kind, im^JJ&s_o^ )ae,v re alities also : that is, realities on which, or in which, the representation can take place, and also real poioers adequate to form the representation. In conclusion, we may rest fully assured of one thing — namely, that whatever Shakespeare has tlone respecting supernatural ap- pearances, has not been from ignorance such as L)r. Alderson has attributed to him. SHAKESPEARE AND HIS SriRIT OF INQUIRY. It has then been seen that it certainly arose not from ifpiornnre upon Shakespeare's part, when he chose, in his great work, to introduce a ghost who is visible not only to one person but to three persons at once. Let ns rather conclude that it was from hnoivledge that he did so : for, in the first place, how is it possible to believe that so great an artist did not use every means for thinking justly upon supernatural themes, vAile loriting upon them ; and, secoridly, we shoidd remember that there is a possiljility of his even having had experimental evidence in his own person. Many more persons have such evidence than is commonly sup- ])Osed, and it is surely easier to think that Shakespeare's inner life was as remarkable as his works than to think otherwise. However, be that as it may, he most thoroughly knew what the true spirit of inquiry should be, and he has knit up into a single line a direction for tliat spirit. Hamlet's words — There are more thinj^s in heaven and earth, Horatio, Tlian are dreamt of in our philosophy — are continually quoted ; but let our most especial attention be directed to what immediately precedes tliose lines. When Horatio exclaims, day and night, hut this is wondrous strange ! ' ,'■ Hamlet has had assigned to him this fine rejoinder — ' ' > ' And therefore as a stranger give it vi'clcome, \ Here is a piece of advice utterly at variance with the feelings and practice of all tliose persons whose tendency it is to write and to talk, not merely against the supernatural, but against anything else wliatsoever which to them appears strange, whether it be the circulation of the blood, the lighting by gas, or the 11 travelling by a railway. All these things and many more have been stigmatized, and all for the want of such wisdom as this single line contains ; for this is one of the cases wherein we have a right to make the distinction already alluded to, between the mere expression of an opinion belonging only to the charcuiter^ and the utterance of a piece of real practical thought or wisdom belonging also to the ioriter. If it is asked how we would show that the true spirit of Inquiry is actually embodied in this single line, we would state our position thus. Welcoming the strange fact gives it its just chance of being admitted as a truth, if it really be such. Wel- coming it as a stranger will secure us from being ultimately imposed upon ; and the phrase is most felicitously expressive of a kind of attention or courtesy due towards the matter inquired into, while it warns us against that absolute trust which we give to a tried old friend. Upon such grounds it is that we conceive " the be-all and the end-all " of right-thinking inquiry to be contained in these words of Hamlet. The Spiritualists feel well- assured that Shakespeare, both as a philosopher and as an artist, acted upon the axiom he has assigned to the philosophic Prince, and they also lament that to do the very contrary should be the almost universal practice. SHAKESPEAEE AND " OUE PHILOSOPHICAL PEESONS." In AWs Well that Ends Well, Shakespeare has made the old lord, Lafeu, exactly characterize that uuphilosophlcal scepticism which sets Itself above the wise axiom allotted to Hamlet, of giving welcome, as to a stranger, to the strange ; at the same time, the speaker admtmstefs to such a scepticism the most grave and the most just rebuke. Lafeu. They say miracles are past, and we have our philosophical persons ti> make modern and familiar, things supernatural and causeless. Hence is it that we make trifles of terrors, ensconcing ourselves into seeming knowledge, when we should suhmit ourselves to an unknown fear. How wisely does this passage censure that spirit which, assuming to be philosophical, at;tempts to explain away the operations of the internal world into " states of the brain," " deceptions of the senses," or " impostures." This Is, Indeed, " ensconcing themselves into seeming knotoleclge" on the part of the '■'■ 2}hilotsof>hical persons,^'' who really ought to know that, as far as imposture Is concerned, every true thing is simulated, and that, indeed, this very simulation Is In itself a testimony to some underlying truth. Coleridge has made a remark upon Shakespeare's use of the word " causeless" In Lafeu's speech, which remark shall be here transcribed. 10 world of causes, must, as such, have its real representations of its realities, anil all the difficulties attendant upon waking or other dreams will fast hcgin to vanish. Drive away from the mind the groundless conception that all arc merely affections of the brain, and the striking phenomena of every kind of dreamings are seen to have necessarily a reedity in tlieir own s'jylieve, even if the reality he only of that sort wTiicli a jihaiitiismagorra or a picture have in theirs. In both cases, the reality, altliough only of the representative kind, j/»^^i!(2g_o ther realities also : that is, realities on which, or in which, the representation can take place, and also real poioers adequate to form the representation. In conclusion, we may rest fully assured of one thing — namely, that ivliatever Sfiakespeare iias done respecting supernatural ap- pearances, 1ms not been from ignorance such as Dr. Aldersou has attributed to him. SHAKESPEARE AND HIS SPIRIT OP INQUIRY. It has then been seen that it certainly arose not from ignorance upon Shakespeare's part, when he chose, in his great work, to introduce a ghost who is visible not only to one person but to three persons at once. Let us rather conclude that it was from knowledge that he did so : for, in the first place, how is it possible to believe that so great an artist did not use every means for tMnking justly upon supernatural themes, loliile loriting upon them ; and, secondly, we shoidd remember that there is a possibility of his even having had experimental evidence in his own person. Many more persons have such evidence than is commonly sup- ]iosed, and it is surely easier to think that Shakespeare's inner life was as remarkable as his works than to think otherwise. However, be that as it may, he most thoroughly knew what the true spirit of inquiry should be, and he has knit up into a single line a direction for that spirit. Hamlet's words — There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, Than are diearat of in our philosophy — are continually quoted ; but let our most especial attention be directed to what immediately precedes those lines. When Horatio exclaims, ■'' day and night, but this is wondrous strange ! " , ,, ,' Hamlet has had assigned to him this fine rejoinder — ', , ' ' , ,' '\ And tliereforc as a stranger give it welcome. V -, '■' Here is a piece of advice utterly at variance with the feelings and practice of all those persons whose tendency it is to write and to talk, not merely against the supernatural, but against anything else whatsoever which to them appears strange, whether it be the circulation of the blood, the lighting by gas, or the 11 travelling by a railway. All tlicse things and many more have been stigmatized, and all for the want of such wisdom as this single line contains ; for this Is one of the cases wherein we have a right to make the distinction already alluded to, between the mere expression of an opinion belonging only to the cliaracter, and the utterance of a piece of real practical thought or wisdom belonging also to tJie ivriter. If it is asked how we would show that the true spirit of inquiry is actually embodied in this single line, we would state our position thus. Welcoming the strange fact gives it its just chance of being admitted as a truth, if it really be such. Wel- coming it as a stranger will secure us from being ultimately imposed upon ; and the phrase is most felicitously expressive of a kind of attention or courtesy due towards the matter inquired into, while it warns us against that absolute trust which we give to a tried old friend. Upon such grounds it is that we conceive " the be-all and the end-all " of right-thinking inquiry to be contained in these words of Hamlet. The Spiritualists feci well- assured that Shakespeare, both as a philosopher and as an artist, acted upon the axiom he has assigned to the philosophic Prince, and they also lament that to do the very contrary should be the almost universal practice. SHAKESPEAEE AND " ODE PHILOSOPHICAL PEESONS." In AlVs Well that Ends Well, Shakespeare has made the old lord, Lafeu, exactly characterize that unphilosophical scepticism which sets itself above the wise axiom allotted to Hamlet, of giving welcome, as to a stranger, to the strange ; at the same time, the speaker admimsters to such a scepticism the most grave and the most just rebuke. Lafeu. They say miracles are past, and we have our philosophical persons to maice moder7i aiul familiar, things supernatural and causeless. Plence is it that we make, trifles of terrors, ensconcing ourselves into seeming Icnowledge, when we sliould submit ourselves to an unknown fear. How wisely does this passage censure that spirit which, assuming to be philosophical, attempts to explain away the operations of the internal world into " states of the brain," " deceptions of the senses," or " impostures." This is, indeed, " ensconcing themselves into seeming hiowledge" on the part of the "■ j>hilosoj>htcal jter.sons" who really ought to know that, as far as imposture is concerned, every true thing is simulated, and that, indeed, this very simulation is in itself a testimony to some underlying truth. Coleridge has made a remark upon Shakespeare's use of the word " causeless" in Lafeu's speech, which remark shall be here transcribed. 12 Shakespeare, iiippirrd, as it niiu'lit seem, witli all wisJoiii, licrc uses tlie word "causeless" in its strict philosophical sense, cause being truly predicable only of phenomena, that is, things natural, and not of noumena, or things super- natural. This is surely an excellent observation of Coleridg-e, anrl points out also to us that the expression, " we should submit to an unknown fear," contained in the next sentence, is not to be understood in the low sense of any intellectual prostration, but as corresponding; to the transcendental "causeless." It is certainly impossihle to overrate the Importance of ad- mitting the transcendental, or that which towers above mer.e logic. For want of such an admission, we may find people arguing against the existence of a God and against the Immor- tality of the soul, because those facts cannot be proved^ as they phrase it, locjicallij. Yet these very persons, if they happened to be lovers of the arts of poetry, painting and music, would at once feel the monstrous absurdity of attempting a merely logical critique upon those arts. They would instantly see that a man who wanted to have It hgicalhi proved to him that Shakespeare, Michael Angelo and Handel were great men, was simply promuj his own Insensibility to the arts In wlilcli they excelled. So It is with the two great questions above mentioned. Whosoever allows the transcendental, the feeliiif/s^ to be opened within him, affirms aljsolutely a God and a future life, and can also then, by his reasoning faculties, satisfy the affirmation. Those who will not allow the transcendental to be opened within them, but will insist upon beginning with the merely logical, can never reacli to the highest truth, whether It be In religion or In the fine arts. It is, therefore, most Interesting to see that Shakesjieare has thus set his marli iqion this all-important ]ioInt. He has wi'itten a speech, in which. In the most close and beautiful manner, " tJiingH f>ii'i>(;rniifui-\v-wo)-m shows tiio matin to Ijo near, And '.L,Mns to [tain his inctlV'ctnal fiio: Adiuii, adiun, Jiamlet ! I'onnanljcr nn_'." The point whicli tlto present writer wislics here to touch upon is as follows. The sceptic may say to the ghost-beli(!ver thus: " How upon ytiur own shewing could a spirit wlio has left the earthly body, the ' mortal coil,' be cognizant as Shakespeare has made this ghost, of the ojjjccts of the earthly world? You, the ghost-believers plainly inculcate as your philosophy that each world to be objectively known, requires the spiritual or the natural organs as the case may be. To this objection, which is indeed a most obvious one, it is replied, that the solution is easy and that the proof of facts kindred to those in Hamlet, lies within the reach of every one who is really disposed to make the proper inquiries for them. A philosopher, wdio was also a seer, has oliserved, and to the best of our judgment, has shown, thtit although a spirit assuredly cannot of himself see the objects of the natural world, yet he can do so, when in communication, or, as the mesmerist would say, in irqtj/ort with a man or men. The spirit, then, through their natural organs, perceives what they perceive, and tliat such kind of conmrunication between two persons is a mere fact, is known to all who liave paid any due attention to mesmerism and its results. In eert.'iin mesmeric cases, a person thrown into the peculiar sleep, shall taste the eatable or the drinkable which is being par- taken of bv one with whom the sleeper is in rojiporf^ he shall hear the voice of that one, but not the voice of others, and so on. In the fine effect then, which Shakespeare has here produced and which has called forth such praises from Mr, Knight, the poet still does not O'erstep the modesty of nature. Shakespeare knew better than ever to aim at any effect, by untrue, and therefore unartist-like means. MACBETH. Di;. .TOIINSOX. The following remarks by L)r. Johnson upon Jlacbcth, will serve as we imagine, to display some of the weaknesses of the usual Shakespearian criticism. They are quoted also as affording us a starting-point for the further unfolding of a different cri- ticism, while the reader will have the advantage of seeing both sides of the question placed before him in the very words of each pleader. Tlius then has written the worthy doctor : 17 In order to make a true estimate of the abilitios and merit of a writer, it is always necessary to examine the genius of his age and the opinions of his con- temporaries. A poet who shouUl now malie the whole action of his tragedy depend upon enchantment, and produce the chief events by the assistance of su- pernatural agents, would be censured as transgressing the bounds of probability, be banished from the theatre to the nursery, and condemned to write fairy tales instead of tragedies ; but a survey of the notions that prevailed at the time this play was written, will prove that Shakespeare was in no danger of such censors, since he only turned the system that was then universally admitted to his advantage, and was far from overburdening the credulity of his audience. . . . . Upon this general infatuation Shakespeare might be easily allowed to found a play, especially since he has followed with great exactness such histories as were then thought true, nor can it be doubted that the scenes of enchantment, however they may now be ridiculed, were both by himself and his audience, thought awful and affecting. — See, Dr. Johnson's " Introductory Eemarks upon Macbeth." Now there is certainly something very strange in such remarks as the preceding, to those who cannot admit that a great work of art can possibly stand upon an untrue and merely childish foundation : to them there is a somewhat altogether unpleasing in the idea that Shakespeare should need to have excuses made for writing Macbeth, and they wish to leam whence it is that the work still stands its ground if such criticisms be well founded. There is, or there is not, a supernatural world, and no one would have affirmed such a world more strongly than Dr. Johnson ; then arises the question whether it can, in any age, be wrong for the artist to make use of that supernatural world to the best of his skill. If it is skilfully made use of, we find that such works still give delight, in spite of the sceptical philosophy, which, as it has no hold upon the heart, can never very powerfully affect us where the fine arts are in question ; or if that philosophy does affect us, it is by diminishing the pleasure which those arts are calculated to give. Shakespeare, however, was both a heart and a head-philosopher, and perfectly well knew that all real beliefs had a root, and belonged to human nature. Consequently, when constructing a poem upon such themes as witchcraft or enchant- ment, Shakespeare would examine the root of those ideas, and he would know that by so doing, and only by so doing, could he produce a work which time could not injure. The Witches in Macbeth are not incredible, except in those who deny, or, when they are criticising, forget a spiritual world. Shakespeare has treated the Witches as spirits as may be evident from the fact that they suddenly vanish, their appearance being only to the spiritual eyes of those who saw them. The same point is in- volved as that which has already been touched upon in speaking of the ghost scenes in Hamlet. Dr. Johnson alludes to the ridicule which he conceives to be attached by a modem to the scenes of enchantment ; but ridicule is, in itself, no test of truth. We must first know who and what 18 the ridiculcr is ; for there is nothing, however good, which is not ridiculed by somebody. The incantations of those evil spirits, the Witches, and the ingredients of tlieir cauldron, are not necessarily ridiculous to those who believe in an inner spiritual world, and who also believe that every fi_irm in nature is deeply significant of, and likewise comes from, that spiritual world. Had those evil spirits, when at tlieir wicked work, using ingredients expressive of what is good and heavenly — such as precious stones, beautiful flowers, and the like — that would have been really ridiculous, and every one, whether a sceptic or not, would liavc been displeased with the inconsistency. As it is, there exists, in fact, a " dreadful harmony" in all that takes place, which harmony, however, must be more especially sought for in Shakespeare's poem ; for he is not to be held as responsible for any stage misconceptions in the matter, those very stage mis- conceptions themselves clearly having their origm in scepticism. It might make a very great difference indeed as to the whole stage treatment of the Witches, if the question were duly raised whether they should be considered merely as strange-looking old women only to be personated by the comic actors, or as evil spirits, inhabitants of the inner, hellisli world, who, with a terrible earnest, ai-e laying out their wicked snares, their " riddles and affairs of death." THE GHOST OP BANQUO. Tn an essay upon the play of Macheth may be found the following passage of criticism, in the sceptical school (as usual), relative to the Ghost of Banquo : — If ... . Tve believe in the reality of the ghost as a shape or shadow existent withovt the mind of Macbeth, and not exclusively ivithin it, we shall have difficulties which may be put under two heads — Why did the ghost come? Why did he go, on Macbeth's approach, and at his bidding? . . . It is clear from the scene, that Macbeth drove it away, and also that he considered it as much an illusion as his wife would fain have had him, when she whispered about the air-drawn dagger. The above piece of criticism Is cited on account of its mode of testing the question of objective reality. With sceptics, by the way, very curiously, a ghost, to begin with, is always expected to be thoroughly reasonable In every one of his comings and goings, although men are not uniformly so. What, however, for the present we would earnestly request of the sceptic is, to do with these apparently abnormal things as he would with any branch of natural science ; that is, inquire as to facts. He woitld then find that the instances are indeed numerous in which persons, just deceased, appear to those whom they have known, and then quiclchj disafpear. 19 These passing manifestations also occasionally take place when the person appearing is not cither dead or dying : neither does It follow necessarily that the person seeing, or, as the sceptic would say, fancying that he sees, must always be thinking of the one seen. An examination into the general facts leads to the conclusion that thought of the person appeared to, on the part of the one appearing, Is the cause, according to certain laws of the Internal world, of the manifestations, which should therefore, it Is conceived, be understood as having an objective reahty. This theory, and its facts, must be considered in judging of Shakespeare's Intentions. Of him we should always think as of the artist and the student of nature, until It can be shewn that he ever forgets himself In those characters. While treating upon this subject, let it be observed, that it Is the scepticism as to the objective reality of Banquo's Ghost which has originated the question as to whether he should be made visible to the spectators in the theatre, since, as the sceptics observe, he Is Invisible to aU the assembled guests, and does not speak at all. But for this scepticism, it could never have been doubted that the ghost should be made visible to the theatre, although he Is Invisible to Macbeth's company, and although no words are assigned to him. This doubt existing, illustrates to us how stage-management Itself is affected by the philosophy which may prevail upon certain subjects. Upon the Spiritualist view, Banquo's Ghost, and the witches themselves, are all in the same category, all belonging to the spiritual world, and seen by the spiritual eye ; and the mere fact that the ghost does not speak, is felt to have no bearing at all upon the question of his presentation as an objective reality. THE AIE-DEAWN DAGGER. " Is this a dagger which I see before me, The handle toward my hand ? Come, let mo clutch thee : I have thee not, and yet I see thee still. Art thou not, fatal vision, sensible To feeling, as to sight ? or art thou but A dagger of the mind, a false creation Proceeding from the heat-oppressed brain ? I see thee yet, in form as palpable As this which now I draw. Thou marshall'st me the way that I was going, And such an instrument I was to use. Mine eyes are made the fools o' the other senses, Or else worth all the rest : I see thee still. And on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood, Which was not so before. There's no such thing. It is the bloody business which informs Thus to mine eyes." Macbeth, Act II., Scene 1. The Spiritualist, when contending for the absolute objectivity of Banquo's Ghost, may possibly be asked whether he also B 2 20 claims a lihe reality for " the air-drawn dagger." To this he ■would reply, that, to the best of his belief, a like reality was not to be affirmed of that dagger, which ho conceives to have been a representation^ in the spiritual world, of a dagger, not however being on that account less real (if by unreality wc arc to under- stand that it was, in some incomprehensible way, generated in the material brain), but only differing from what we should term a real, hondfide dagger, as a painting of a dagger differs from a real one. That the spiritual world must have its representations as well as its realities^ is a point which has already been touched upon^ and this dagger, called by Lady Macbeth " the air-drawn dagger," we suppose to be one of those representations. Its objective reality, however, still remains untouched ; for, once grant that the spiritual world is a real world — nay, the most real world — • and it follows, that whatsoever is represented in it has its basis in reality, as much as an imitative dagger in a painting has its basis in the colours and canvas, which are also realities. The belief that every man is attended by spirits, both good and evil, is not unconnected with this view concerning represented objects in the spiritual world. That our thoughts appear to be injections is within every one's experience, and the guardian angel or the tempting demon are constantly admitted in poetical language, or the language of the feelings, because they are felt to be truths. If, then, thoughts, both good and evil, are what they appear to be, injections — which injected thoughts we are free to receive or to reject — they must be from a source capable of thought, namely, from the inhabitants of the spiritual world. From that same source would also come those vivid representa- tions, such as that of " the air-drawn dagger," which are felt to be in harmony with oiu' present train of thoughts. That the dagger should have this hind of reality is quite consistent with Macbeth's reflections upon it. As bemg a representation to the internal sight only (for it is presumed that all would agree that it was not depicted upon the retina of the external eye), he cannot, of course, clutch it with his bodily hands, nor, indeed, even with his spiritual hands. Finding, therefore, that it is not " sensible to feeling as to sight," he calls it a " dagger of the mind, a false creation, proceeding from the heat-oppressed brain;" and to him it could appear nothing else. However well persuaded a man may become that the sun is stationary, or that his thoughts are not properly his own in their origin, yet he is ruled by strong appearances to the contrary as to his expressions. And in Macbeth's case, the brain was really " heat-oppressed," from the fire of wicked wishes which he had encouraged, and made his own by adoption. 21 The fact of the change which Macbeth perceives, as to the